A CRITICAL
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
AND EXPOSITOR OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE;
NOT ONLY THE MEANING OF EVERY WORD IS CLEARLY EXPLAINED, AND
THE SOUND OF EVERY SYLLABLE DISTINCTLY SHOWN,
BUT,
WHERE fTOBJ)S ARE SUBJECT TO DIFFERENT PRONUNCIATIONS,
THE AUTHORITIES OF OUR BEST PRONOUNCING DICTIONARIES ARE FULLY EXHIBITED.
THE REASONS FOR EACH ARE AT LARGE DISPLAYED, AND THE
PREFERABLE PRONUNCIATION IS POINTED OUT.
TO WBICH ARE PREFIXED,
PRINCIPLES OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION:
IV WHICH,
THE SOUNDS OF LETTERS, SYLLABLES, AND WORDS, ARE CRITICALLY INVESTIGATED
AND SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED;
THE INFLUENCE OP THE GREEK AND LATIN ACCENT AND QUANTITY, ON THE ACCENT AND QUANTITY
OF THE ENGLISH, IS THOROUGHLY EXAMINED, AND CLEARLY DEFINED)
AND THE ANALOGIES OF THE LANGUAGE ARE SO FULLY SHOWN AS TO LAY THE FOUNDATION OF
A CONSISTENT AND RATIONAL PRONUNCIATION.
LIKEWISE,
RULES TO BE OBSERVED" BY THE NATIVES OF SCOTLAND, IRELAND, AND LONDON.
FOR AVOIDING THEIR RESPECTIVE PECULIARITIES i
AND DIRECTIONS TO FOREIGNERS,
FOR ACQUIRING A KNOWLEDGE OF THE USE OF THIS DICTIONARY.
THE WHOLB INTEJW-ERSED WITH
OBSERVATIONS, ETYMOLOGICAL, CRITICAL, AND GRAMMATICAL.
BY JOHN WALKER,
AUTHOR OF ELEMENTS OF ELOCUTION, RHYMING DICTIONARY, &C. &C.
1 Quare, ti fieri potwt, et rarba omnla, et TOX, hujui alamnum urblt oleam : ut oratio Ruin ana plane vlrteMrjr,
non drltat* donata." QuUlilian.
L NEW EDITION, CAREFULLY REVISER, CORRECTED, AND ENLARGED.
DERBY :
PRINTED FOR H. MOZLEY & SONS.
MDCCCXLII.
H
PREFACE TO THIS EDITION.
, as has been beautifully remarked, like the foliage of the grove, is constantly
in a state of mutation ; the leaves fall and wither, and are replaced by a fresher vegeta-
tion ; yet, when roaming amid the luxuriance of the forest, we hardly ever think on the
process that is going forward, and scarcely notice that the shade beneath which we
wander, is altogether a new, perhaps a richer umbrage. Thus, as generations are pass-
ing away, words drop and become obsolete, and others rise into use and supply their
room, while the change, although so entire, yet because it is gradual, is not attended to ;
and the absolute alteration of the language takes place without much, at least much popular,
observation. This remark, which Horace applied to the Latin, is perhaps doubly applicable
to the English tongue. At first composed of a horrid mixture of all the barbarous phrases
which the various races of uncultivated conquerors, Danes, Saxons, and Normans, had
introduced, mixed up with the adulterated idioms of the native British, which they had
adopted,— it was a speech harsh, dissonant, and uncouth. Succeeding ages smoothed down
and polished it ; the change has become total and complete; and there are perhaps few
among the readers of the present day who admire the elegance of modern writers, who
would venture to encounter the Court poet of the days of Queen Elizabeth, or could per-
ceive much beauty or elegance in the numbers of Spencer, the friend and eleve of the
accomplished Sidney.
This alteration has proceeded not only from the natural progress of language which
we have noticed, but from the wonderful and rapid improvement of modern times, in the
extension of discovery, knowledge, and literature, by means with which the ancients were
totally unacquainted, and also from the variations which have been introduced in the
pronunciation of the English. For these reasons it is evident that the newest Dic-
tionary, if produced by an accomplished scholar, must always be the best ; it must be the
standard of the language in its present state' of highest perfection, because he has had the
advantage of all who have gone before, and if qualified for the task, has possessed facili-
ties which none of his predecessors enjoyed. That this is the fact with regard to Walker,
the Publishers of the present edition of his valuable work are bold to affirm ; — they
therefore request the attention of the public, to the excellencies which he possesses
over former Lexicographers, and hope they will be pardoned if they point out those
also, which the present edition possesses above all the former.
The first great excellence of a dictionary is that the definitions be clear; and in this
Walker eminently excels ; — they are plain, perspicuous, and accurately convey, in easier
terms, the meaning of the words they are used to explain ; an excellence which laboured,
elegant definitions, do not always possess ; but without which they must be deemed fail-
ures, however beautiful the turn of expression. The next is, that the book contain a col-
lection of all the words in common use, or which may be met with in the writings of
our best standard authors ; affording a complete vocabulary of our language ; and in
this respect, the following work deserves the highest praise. It is r.«ot always the most
difficult or uncommon words of a language, which a person wishes to have accurately
explained ; there are words of every day occurrence, with which even a scholar is occa
sionally puzzled, or at least would like to get at their exact meaning ; and here, when he
resorts to Johnson, he frequently feels woefully disappointed ; that great man having
been often guilty of omission in this respect ; — these are supplied by Mr. Walker, as well as
several additions of words which, although now completely naturalized, were not
then received into the English language.
But the peculiar excellence in which Walkei stands nnrivalled, is in the pronounc-
n?g vocabulary which accompanies the list of words, and which bids fair to settle that subject,
A
1 PREFACE TO THIS EDITION.
as far as any thing so changeable in its nature can be settled, for many years to tome.
Indeed it is almost the only work now referred to as decisive ; and even in those words
where the pronunciation allowedly is still doubtful, his opinion and reasons will always be
found entitled to consideration and respect. His Principles of English pronuncia-
tion, which form the Introduction, are an appropriate and most valuable accompani-
ment, and deserve to be diligently studied by all who would wish to understand, or at-
tain the proprieties or elegancies of the living language; a valuable accomplishment, equal-
ly ornamental in the intercourse of polished society, as necessary for those who look
forward to the Pulpit, the Senate, or the Bar.
With regard to the present Edition, the Publishers have only to observe, that no ef-
fort of theirs has been wanting, to render it the most accurate, and most complete of
any that has yet appeared ; and they have adopted an improvement, which they are
persuaded will be found of much importance; particularly in facilitating the reader's
search for any words beginning with I or J, and U and V. That these words should
have been mixed, at a time when the initial letters were used indiscriminately, and be-
fore the orthography of our language was brought into any thing like regularity, is not
to be wondered at ; but that this confusion should be continued at a time when these
matters may be considered as finally arranged, and the power of the letters both fully
understood and fairly separated, is rather astonishing; but it is yet more strange to see
in a Dictionary, one of whose chief objects it is to explain and inculcate proper pro-
nunciation, a leading consonant and a vowel intermixed in the order of arrangement,
merely because they stand contiguous in the alphabet, and have some resemblance in
the form. The words therefore which begin with these different letters are now separ-
ated, and all those beginning with the J, will be found under that consonant : and those
beginning with I, ranged under the vQwel ; and the same with V and U ; by which a
good deal of occasional perplexity will be avoided, especially by those who are turning
np for a word in a hurry. The Publishers are perfectly aware of an objection made to their
arrangement, that is, that though the first letter be the most natural mode yet that the
second and subsequent letters cannot be well disposed of otherwise than by this droll in-
termixture, which is styled methodical order ; but it is an acknowledged fact in practice,
that exceptions shall not be allowed to break in upon general rules, and the Publishers
are not disposed, for the sake of a vague uniformity, to allow an inroad, and that a very
disputable one, to be made on the regularity of our orthography, especially in a work
which is perhaps destined to fix it.
PREFACE.
V EW subjects have of late years more employed the pens of every class of critics, than the im-
provement of the English Language. The greatest abilities in the nation have been exerted in
cultivating and reforming it ; nor have a thousand minor critics been wanting to add their mite
of amendment to their native tongue. Johnson, whose large mind and just taste made him ca-
pable of enriching and adorning the Language with original composition, has condescended to the
drudgery of disentangling, explaining, and arranging it, and left a lasting monument of his abi-
lity, labour, and patience ; and Dr. Lowth, the politest scholar of the age, has veiled his super!
ority in his short Introduction to English Grammar. The ponderous folio has gravely vindicat-
ed the rights of analogy ; and the light ephemeral sheet of news has corrected errors in Gram-
mar, as well as in Politics, by slyly marking them in Italics.
Nor has the improvement stopped here. While Johnson and Lowth have been insensibly ope-
rating on the orthography and construction of our Language, its pronunciation has not been ne-
glected. The importance of a consistent and regular pronunciation was too obvious to be over-
looked ; and the want of this consistency and regularity has induced several ingenious men to
endeavour at reformation ; who, by exhibiting the regularities of pronunciation, and pointing
out its analogies, have reclaimed some words that were not irrecoverably fixed in a wrong sound,
and prevented others from being perverted by ignorance or caprice.
Among those writers who deserve the first praise on this subject, is Mr. Elphinston ; who, in his
Principles of the English Language, has reduced the chaos to a system ; and, by a deep investiga-
tion of the analogies of our tongue, has laid the foundation of a just and regular pronunciation.
After him, Dr. Kenrick contributed a portion of improvement by his Rhetorical Dictionary ; in
which the words are divided into syllables as they are pronounced, and figures placed over
the vowels, to indicate their different sounds. But this gentleman has rendered his Dictionary ex-
tremely imperfect, by entirely omitting a great number of words of doubtful and difficult pronun-
ciation—those very words for which a Dictionary of this kind would be most consulted.
To him succeeded Mr. Sheridan, who not only divided the words into syllables, and placed fi-
gures over the vowels as Dr. Kenrick had done, but, by spelling these syllables as they are pro-
nounced, seemed to complete the idea of a Pronouncing -Dictionary, and to leave but little expec-
tation of future improvement. It must, indeed, be confessed, that Mr. Sheridan's Dictionary
it greatly superior to every other that preceded it ; and his method of conveying the sound of
words, by spelling them as they are pronounced, is highly rational and useful. — But here since-
rity obliges me to stop. The numerous instances I have given of impropriety, inconsistency, and
want of acquaintance with the analogies of the Language, sufficiently show how imperfect* I think
his Dictionary is upon the whole, arid what ample room was left for attempting another that might
better answer the purpose of a Guide to Pronunciation.
The last writer on this subject is Mr. Nares, who, in his Elements of Orthoepy, has shown a
clearness of method and an extent of observation which deserve the highest encomiums. His
Preface alone proves him an elegant writer, as well as a philosophical observer of Language ; and
his Alphabetical Index, referring near five thousand words to the rules for pronouncing them, is
a new and useful method of treating the subject ; but he seems, on many occasions, to have mis-
taken the best usage, and to have paid too little attention to the first principles of pronunciation.
Thus I have ventured to give my opinion of my rivals and competitors, and I hope without
envy or self-conceit. Perhaps it would have been policy in me to have been silent on this head,
for fear of putting the Public in mind that others have written on the subject as well as myself:
but this is a narrow policy, which, under the colour of tenderness to others, is calculated to raise
ourselves at their expense. A writer who is conscious he deserves the attention of the Public
(and unless he is thus conscious he ought not to write) must not only wish to be compared with
those who have gone before him, but will promote the comparison, by informing his readers what
others have done, and on what he founds his pretensions to a preference ; and if this be done
with fairness and without acrimony, it can be no more inconsistent with modesty, than it is with
honesty and plain dealing.
The work I have offered on the subject has, I hope, added something to the publick stock it
not only exhibits the principles of pronunciation on a more extensive plan than others have done,
divides the words into syllables, and marks the sounds of the vowels like Dr. Kenrick, spells the
words as they are pronounced like Mr. Sheridan, and directs the inspector to the rule by the word
like Mr Nares ; but, where words are subject to different pronunciations, it shows the reasons
from analogy for each, produces authorities for one side and the other, and points out the pronun-
ciation which is preferable. In short, I have endeavoured to unite the science of Mr. Elphinston,
the method of Mr. Nares, and the general utility of Mr. Sheridan ; and, to add to these advan-
tages, have given critical observations on such words as are subject to a diversity of pronuncia-
tion, and have invited the inspector to decide according to analogy and the best usage.
But to all works of this kind there lies a formidable objection ; which is, that the pronuncia-
• See Principles, No. 154, 126, 159, 386, «4, 46S, 479, 480, 5$); and the words Atrumt. Collect, Coittout, D*ru+
Hi'., Bphemtra, Satitty, .Vie. and the inseparable preposition Jjit.
4 rilKFACE.
tion of a Language is necessarily indefinite and fugitive, and that all endeavours to deline-
ate or settle it are vain. Dr. Johnson, in his Grammar, prefixed to his Dictionary, says :
" Most of the writers of English Grammar have given long tables of words pronounced other-
wise than they are written ; and seem not sufficiently to have considered, that, of English, as of
all living tongues, there is a double pronunciation ; one, cursory and colloquial ; the other, regu-
lar and solemn. The cursory pronunciation is always vague and uncertain, being made different,
in different mouths, by negligence, unskilftilness, or affectation. The solemn pronunciation,
though by no means immutable and permanent, is yet always less remote from the orthography,
and less liable to capricious innovation. They have, however, generally formed their tables ac-
cording to the cursory speech of those with whom they happened to converse, and, concluding
that the whole nation combines to vitiate language in one manner, have often established the jar-
gon of the lowest of the people as the model of speech. For pronunciation the best general rule
is, to consider those as the most elegant speakers who deviate least from the written words."
Without any derogation from the character of Dr. Johnson, it may be asserted, that in these
observations we do not perceive that justness and accuracy of thinking for which he is so remark-
able. It would be doing great injustice to him, to suppose that he meant to exclude all possibi-
lity of conveying the actual pronunciation of many words that depart manifestly from their or-
thography, or of those that are written alike, and pronounced differently : and inversely. He
has marked these differences with great propriety himself, in many places of his Dictionary ; and
it is to be regretted that he did not extend these remarks farther. It is impossible, therefore, he
could suppose, that, because the almost imperceptible glances of colloquial pronunciation were not
to be caught and described by the pen, that the very perceptible difference between the initial ac-
cented syllables of money and monitor, or the final unaccented syllable of Jlnite and infinite, could
not be sufficiently marked upon paper. Cannot we show that cellar, a vault, and seller, one who
sells, have exactly the same sound ; or that the monosyllable /«//, and the first syllable ofjulmin-
alf, are sounded differently, because there are some words in which solemnity will authorize a
different shade of pronunciation from familiarity? Besides, that colloquial pronunciation which
fs perfect, is so much the language of solemn speaking, that, perhaps, there is no more difference
than between the same picture painted to be viewed near and at a distance. The symmetry in
both is exactly the same ; and the distinction lies only in the colouring. The English Language,
in this respect, seems to have a great superiority over the French, which pronounces many letters
in the poetic and solemn style, that are wholly silent in the prosaic and famliar. But if a so-
lemn and familiar pronunciation really exists in our language, is it not the business of a gram-
marian to mark both ? And if he cannot point out the precise sound of unaccented syllables, (for
these only are liable to obscurity,) he may, at least, give those sounds which approach the nearest,
and by this means become a little more useful than those who so liberally leave every thing to
the ear and taste of the speaker.
The truth is, Dr. Johnson seems to have had a confused idea of the distinctness and indistinct,
ness with which, on solemn or familiar occasions, we sometimes pronounce the unaccented vow-
els; and with respect to these, it must be owned, that his remarks are not entirely without foun-
dation. The English Language, with respect to its pronunciation, is evidently divisible into ac-
cented and unaccented sounds. The accented syllables, by being pronounced with greater force
than the unaccented, have their vowels as clearly and distinctly sounded as any given note in
music; while the unaccented vowels, for want of the stress, are apt to slide into an obscurity of
sound, which, though sufficiently distinguishable to the ear, cannot be so definitely marked out to
the eye by other sounds as those vowels that are under the accent Thus some of the vowels,
icmument. In the hasty pronunciation of common speaking, the e in emotion is often
ortened, as if spelt im-mo tion ; the o in ofedience shortened and obscured, as if written ub be-di-
encf; and the u in monument changed into e, as if written mon-ne-ment ; while the deliberate and
its definite and distinct sound ; but the same letter in tolerable f goes into an obscure indefi.
id approaching the short u; nor can any solemnity or deliberation give it the long open
it has in the first word. Thus, by distinguishing vowels into their accented and unaccent-
ids, we are enabled to see clearly what Dr. Johnson saw but obscurely ; and by this dis-
tinction entirely to answer the objection.
Equally indefinite and uncertain is his general rule, that those are to be considered as the most
PREFACE. 5
c*^, the latter pronunciation, though a gross deviation from orthography, will still be esteem-
ed the more elegant. Dr. Johnson's general rule, therefore, can only take place where custom
has not plainly decided ; but, unfortunately for the English Language, its orthography and pro-
nunciation are so widely different, that Dr. Watts and Dr. Jones lay it down as a maxim in
their Treatises on Spelling, that all words which can be sounded different ways must be written
according to that sound which is most distant from the true pronunciation ; and consequently, in
such a Language, a Pronouncing Dictionary must be of essential use.
But still it may be objected to such an undertaking, that the fluctuation of pronunciation is so
great as to render all attempts to settle it useless. What will it avail us, it may be said, to know
the pronunciation of the present day, if in a few years it will be altered ? And how are we to
know even what the present pronunciation is, when the same words are often differently pronounced
by different speakers, and those, perhaps, of equal numbers and reputation ? To this it may be
answered, that the fluctuation of our Language, with respect to its pronunciation, seems to have
been greatly exaggerated.* Except a very few single words, which are generally noticed in the
following Dictionary, and the words where e comes before r, followed by another consonant, as
merchant, service, &c. the pronunciation of the Language is probably in the same state in which
it was a century ago ; and ha«' the same attention been then paid to it as now, it is not likely even
that change would have happened. The same may be observed of those words which are
differently pronounced by different speakers : if the analogies of the Language had been better
understood, it is scarcely conceivable that so many words in polite usage would have a diversity
of pronunciation, which is at once so ridiculous and embarrassing ; nay, perhaps it may be with con-
fidence asserted, tint if the analogies of the Language were sufficiently known, and so near at
hand as to be applicable, on inspection, to every word, that not only many words which are wa-
vering between contrary usages would be settled in their true sound, but that many words, which
are fixed by custom to an improper pronunciation, would by degrees grow regular and analogi-
cal; and those which are so already would be secured in their purity by a knowledge of their
regularity and analogy.
But the utility of a work of this kind is not confined to those parts of language where the im-
propriety is gross and palpable : besides such imperfections in pronunciation as disgust every "ear
not accustomed to them, there are a thousand insensible deviations, in the more minute parts of
language, as the unaccented syllable may be called, which do not strike the ear so forcibly as to
mark any direct impropriety in particular words, but occasion only such a general imperfection as
gives a bad impression upon the whole. Speakers, with these imperfections, pass very well in
common conversation ; but when they are required to pronounce with emphasis, and for that pur-
pose to be more distinct and definite in their utterance, here their ear fails them : they have been
accustomed only to loose cursory speaking, and, for want of firmness of pronunciation, are like
thoie painters who draw the muscular exertions of the human body without any knowledge of a-
natomy. This is one reason, perhaps, why we find the elocution of so few people agreeable when
they read or speak to u;i assembly, while so few offend us by their utterance in common conver-
sation. A thousand faults He concealed in a miniature, which a microscope brings to view; and
«t is on'y by pronouncing on a larger scale, as public speaking may be called, that we prove the
propriety of our elocution. As, therefore, there are certain deviations from analogy which are not
at any rate tolerable, there are others which only, as it were, tarnish the pronunciation, and make
it less brilliant and agreeable. There are few who have turned their thoughts on this subject,
without observing that they sometimes pronounce the same word or syllable in a different manner;
and as neither of these manners uffVud the ear, they are at a loss to which they shall give the pre-
ference : but as one must necessarily be more agreeable to the analogy of the language than the
» The old and new 'Arflk, with all the various dialects, must have occasioned infinite irregularity in the pronuncia-
tion of the Greek tongue ; and if we may judge of the Latin pronunciation by the ancient inscriptions, it was little less
various and irregular than the Greek. Aulus Gellius tells us, that Nigidius, a grammarian who lived a little more than
a century before him, acuted the first syllable of p'alerii but, says he, " si quis nunc Solarium appellans, in casu vo-
candi, secundum id praeceptum Nigidii'acuerit primam, non abcrit quin rideatur." Whoever now should place the ac-
cent on the first syllable or Valerius, when a vocative case, according to the precept of Nigidius, would set every body a
laughing. Even that highly polished language the French, if we may believe a writer in the Encyclopedic, is little leu
irregular in this respect than our own.
" II est arrive," says he, " par les alterations qui se sucecdcnt rapidement dans la maniere de prononcer, et les cor-
rections qui s'introduisent lentement dans la maniere d'ecrire, que la prononciation et 1'ecriture ne marchent point eu-
semblr, et que quoiqu'il y ait chez les peuples les plus polices de I'Europe, des soeietes d'hommes de lettres charges de
les moderer, de les accorder, et dp les rapprocher de la meme ligne, elles se trouvent enfin a une distance inconcevable ;
en fiorte que de deux choses, dont 1'une n'a ete imagiuee dans son origine que pour representer fidellement I'autre, eel-
le-ci ue diftcre guere moins de cclle-la, que le portrait de la meme persoimc peinte dans iKux ages tr6s-eloignes. Enfin
('inconvenient s'est accru a un tel exees qu'on n'ose plus y remedier. On prounncc une langue, on cent une autre: et
I'on s'accoutume tellement pendant le reste de la vie a cettc bisarrerie qui a fait verser tant de larmes dans 1'enfance, que
si I'on renoncoit a sa mauvaise orthographe pour une plus voisine de la prononciation, on ne reconnoitroit plus la langue
parlec sous cette nouvcllc comblnaison ue caracteres. S'il y en a qui ne pourroient se sueceder sans une grande fatigue
nour 1'organe, ou ils ne se lencontrcnt point, pu ils ne durent pas. Us sont eehappes de la langue par I'euphonie, cettc
loi puissance, qui agit continuelleinent et universellement, saus eganl pour I'etyiuologie et ses defcnseurs, et qui tend
»ans intermission a amener des tires qui ont les memes organes, le meme ididme, les memes mouvemeiis prescrits, a-
peu-pres a la meme prononciation. Les causes dont Faction n'est point interrompue, deviennent toujours les plus for-
tes avec le terns, quelque foibles qu'elles soient en elles-memes, et il n'y a presque pas une seule voyelle, une seule
diphthongue, une seule consonne dont, la valeur soil tellement constante que I'euphonie ii'en puisse disposer, soit en alter
ant le son, soit en le supprimant."
1 shall not decide upon the justness of these complaints, but must observe, that a worse picture could scarcely be
drawn of the English, or the most barbarous language of Europe. Indeed a degree of versatility seems invoh eil in the
vprv nature of language, and is one of those evils left bv Providence for man to correct: a love of order, and the utility
o|r?gularity, will always incline him to confine this versatility within as narrow bounds AS possible
£ PIIEFACE.
other, • display of these analogies, in a Dictionary of this kind, will immediately remoTe this un-
certainty : and in this view of the variety we shall discover a fitness in one mode of speaking, which
will give a firmness and security to our pronunciation, from a confidence that it is founded on
reason, and the general tendency of the language. See Principles, No. 53O, 547, 551, &c.
But, alas ! reasoning on language, however well founded, may be all overturned by a single
quotation from Horace: " — usus,
" Quern penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi.
This, it must be owned, is a succinct way of ending the controversy ; and, by virtue of this argu-
ment, we may become critics in language, without the trouble of studying it : not that I would be
thought, in the most distant manner, to deny that custom is the sovereign arbiter of language ;
far from it. I acknowledge its authority, and know there is no appeal from it. I wish only to
dispute, where this arbiter has not decided ; for, if once custom speak out, however absurdly, I
sincerely acquiesce in its sentence.
But what is this custom, to which we must so implicitly submit ? Is it the usage of the multi-
tude of speakers, whether good or bad ? This has never been asserted by the most sanguine abet .
tors of its authority. Is it the usage of the studious in schools and colleges, with those of the
learned professions, or that of those who, from their elevated birth or station, give laws to the re-
finements and elegancies of a court? To confine propriety to the latter, which is too often the
case, seems an injury to the former ; who, from their very profession, appear to have a natural
right to a share, at least, in the legislation of language, if not to an absolute sovereignty. The
polished attendants on a throne are as apt to depart from simplicity in language as in dress and
manners ; and novelty, instead of custom, is too often the jus et norma loquendi of a court.
Perhaps an attentive observation will lead us to conclude, that the usage, which ought to di-
rect us, is neither of these we have been enumerating, taken singly, but a sort of compound ratio
of all three. Neither a finical pronunciation of the court, nor a pedantic Grsecism of the schools,
will be denominated respectable usage, till a certain number of the general mass of speakers
have acknowledged them ; nor will a multitude of common speakers authorize any pronunciation
which is reprobated by the learned and polite.
As those sounds, therefore, which are the most generally received among the learned and polite,
as well as the bulk of speakers, are the most legitimate, we may conclude that a majority of two
of these states ought always to concur, in'order to constitute what is called good usage.
But though custom, when general, is commonly well understood, there are several states and
degrees of it which are exceedingly obscure and equivocal; and the only method of knowing the
extent of custom in these cases, seems to be an inspection of those Dictionaries which professedly
treat of pronunciation. We have now so many works of this kind, that the general current of
custom, with respect to the sound of words, may be collected from them with almost as much cer-
tainty as the general sense of words from Johnson. An exhibition of the opinions of orthoepists
about the sound of words always appeared to me a very rational method of determining what is
called custom. This method I have adopted in the following work ; and if I have sometimes
dissented from the majority, it has been either from a persuasion of being better informed of what
was the actual custom of speaking, or from a partiality to the evident analogies of the language.
And here I must intreat the candid reader to make every reasonable allowance for the freedom
with which I have criticised other writers on this subject, and particularly Mr. Sheridan. As a
man, a gentleman, and a scholar, I knew Mr. Sheridan, and respected him ; and think every lover
of elocution owes him a tribute of thanks for his unwearied addresses to the Public, to rouse
them to the study of the delivery of their native tongue. But this tribute, however just, does
not exempt him from examination. His credit with the world necessarily subjects him to anim-
adversion, because the errors of such a writer are dangerous, in proportion to his reputation : this
has made me zealous to remark his inaccuracies, but not without giving my reasons ; nor have I ever
taken advantage of such faults as may be called inadvertencies.* On the same principles I have
ventured to criticise Dr. Johnson, f whose friendship and advice I was honoured with, whose me-
mory I love, and whose intellectual powers impress me with something like religious veneration
and awe. I do not pretend to be exempt from faults myself; in a work like the present, it would
be a miracle to escape them ; nor have I the least idea of deciding as judge, in a case of so much
delicacy and importance as the pronunciation of a whole people ; I have only assumed the part
of an advocate, to plead the cause of consistency and analogy, and, where custom is either silent
or dubious, to tempt the lovers of their language to incline to the side of propriety : so that my
design is principally to give a kind of history of pronunciation, and a register of its present state ;
and, where the authorities of Dictionaries or Speakers are found to differ, to give such a display
of the analogies of the language as may enable every inspector to decide for himself.
by mistake, as Predilection, 'itesjxctable, Descriptive, Sulky, Inimical, Interfer'ence, and many others!
ate neither in Mr. Sheridan's, Dr Kenrick's, nor several other Dictionaries.
tions on Mr. Sheridan's Dictionary relate to the fit*
to be observed by the NATIVES of IRELAND in order to obtain a just Pronunciation oj
English.
As Mr. Sheridan was a native of Ireland, and I of e [ee] is marked by different combinations o.
had the best opportunities of understanding
those peculiarities of pronunciation which obtain
there, I shall extract his observations on that
subject as the best general direction, and add a
few of my own, by way of supplement, which I
hope will render this article of instruction still
more complete.
The reader will be pleased to take notice, that
as I have made a different arrangement of the
vowels, and adopted a notation different from
that of Mr. Sheridan, I am obliged to make use
of different figures to mark the vowels, but still
such as perfectly correspond to his.
" The chief mistakes made by the Irish in
pronouncing English, lie for the most part in
the sounds of the two first vowels, a and e; the
former being generally sounded a by the Irish,
as in the word bar, in most words where it is
pronounced a, as in day, by the English. Thus
the Irish say, patron, matron, the vowel & hav-
ing the same sound as in the word father ; while
.the English pronounce them as if written pay-
Iron, maytron. The following rule, strictly at-
tended to, will rectify this mistake through the
whole language.
" When the vowel a finishes a syllable, and
has the accent on it, it is invariably pronounced
a, as in day, by the English. To this rule there
are but three exceptions in the whole language,
to be found in the words father, papa, mama.
The Irish may think also the word rather an ex-
ception, as well as father; and so it would ap-
pear to be in their manner of pronouncing it ra-
ther, laying the accent on the vowel a ; but in
the English pronunciation the consonant tli is
taken into the first syllable, as rath'er, which
makes the difference.
" Whenever a consonant follows the vowel a
in the same syllable, and the accent is on the
consonant, the vowel a has always its fourth
sound, as hit, man ; as also the same sound
lengthened when it precedes the letter r, as far,
bar, though the accent be on the vowel ; as like-
wise when it precedes Im, as balm, psalm. The
Irish, ignorant of this latter exception, pronounce
all words of that structure as if they were writ-
ten bawm, psawm, quawm, cawm, &c. In the
third sound of a, marked by different combina-
tions of vowels or consonants, such as au, in
Paul ; aw, in law ; all, in call ; old, in bald ;
alk, in talk, &c. the Irish make no mistake, ex-
cept in that of Im, as before mentioned.
" The second vowel, e, is for the most part
sounded ee by the English, when the accent is
tipon it ; whilst the Irish in most words give it
the sound of slender a, a« in hate. This sound
vowels, such as ea, ei, e final mute, ee, and K.
In the two last combinations of ee and ie, the
Irish never mistake ; such as in meet, seem,Jietd,
believe, &c. but in all the others, they almost *i-
niversally change the sound of & into a. Thus
in the combination ea, they pronounce the words
tea, sea, please, as if they were spelt lay, say,
plays i instead of tee, see, pleese. The English
constantly give this sound to ea whenever the
accent is on the vowel e, except in the following
words, great, a pear, a bear, to bear, to forbear,
to swear, to tear, to wear. In all which the e
has the sound of a in hate. For want of know-
ing these exceptions, the gentlemen of Ireland,
after some time of residence in London, are apt
to fall into the general rule, and pronounce theso
words as if spelt greet, beer, sweer, &c.
" Ei is also sounded ee by the English, and
as a by the Irish ; thus the words deceit, receive,
are pronounced by them as if written desute, re-
save. Ei is always sounded ee, except when a
g follows it, as in the words reign, feign, deign,
&c. as also in the words rein (of a bridle), rein-
deer, vein, drein, veil, lieir, which are pronounc-
ed like rain, vain, drain, vail, air.
The final mute e makes the preceding e in
the same syllable, when accented, have the sound
of ee, as in the words supreme, sincere, reple'te.
This rule is almost universally broken through
by the Irish, who pronounce all such words as
if written supreme, sinsare, replate, &c. There
are but two exceptions to this rule in the English
pronunciation, which are the words tliere, w/tere.
In the way of marking this sound, by a
double e, as thus, [ee,] as the Irish never make
any mistakes, the best method for all who want
to acquire the right pronunciation of these seve-
ral combinations is, to suppose that ea, ei, and e,
attended by a final mute e, are all spelt with a
double e.
Ey is always sounded like a by the Eng-
lish, when the accent is upon it; as in the words
prey, convey, pronounced pray, convay. To this
there are but two exceptions, in the words k£y
and ley, sounded kee, lee. The Irish, in attempt-
ing to pronounce like the English, often give
the same sound to ey, as usually belongs to ei ;
thus, for prey, convey, they say, pree, convee.
" A strict observation of these few rules, with
a due attention to the very few exceptions enu-
merated above, will enable the well educated
natives of Ireland to pronounce their words ex-
actly in the same way as the more polished part
of the inhabitants of England do, so far as the
vowels are concerned. The diphthongs they com-
mit no fault in, except in the sound of i, which
tf RULES TO BE OBSERVED BY THE NATIVES OF IRELAND.
has been already taken notice of in the Gram-
mar:* where, likewise, the only difference in
pronouncing any of the consonants has been
pointed out ; which is, the thickening the sound
of d and t, in certain situations ; and an easy
method proposed of correcting this habit.f
"In order to complete the whole, I shall now
give a list of such detached words as do not
come under any of the above rules, and are pro-
nounced differently in Ireland from what they
aie in England :
Iriih Pronunciation,
English Pronunciation.
che'aiful,
cheVfiii.
fe'arful,
fer'ful.
door,
(lore.
floor,
flore.
gape,
jidpe.
ge'th'er, (gather)
gltl/er
be.ird,
be>d.
bull,
oull.
bftsh,
bush.
push,
push.
(,611,
pull.
pnl'pit,
pul'pit.
calf,
calf.
k6tch, (catch)
Ctttch.
corse, (coarse)
coarse.
corse, (course)
coarse.
court,
court.
male'cious,
mallsh'us. •
padding,
pudding.
quish, (quash)
I3zh'ar, (leisure)
quosli.
le^zhu.-e.
cla'mour,
clain'mur
Me'kil, (Michael)
Mi'kel.
dritb, (drought)
sarch, (search)
drSut.
slrch.
s6urce, (source)
sorce.
cushion,
cushion.
stienth, (strength)
str^ngkth.
lenth, (length)
tengkth.
struv, (rirotv)
strove,
druv, (drove)
drive.
by an aspiratlor
This vicious pit
• « Vide page 1 1 , where the trae manner of pronouncing the <ii|ih
tilling i It pointed out ; the Irish pronouncing it much in the f
manner u the French.
t " The letter i has alwayt the tame sound by those who
miim.-e Engli-h well ; but the provincials, particularly the I
;md Welsh, In many words thicken the sound by a mil
of breath. Thus though the; sound the if right in the positive low.
mill (iron/i, in the comparative degree they thicken it by an
and *ound it u if it were written hiulhfr, br^atlt,
nunctatiop U produced by pushing the tongue forward so as to t
ttie teeth in forming that sound : anil the way to cure it is easy ; f<
a* they can pronounce the d properly in the word loud, let them re!
little tt|ion that nyllahle, keeping the tongue in the position of form
t, and then let them separate it from the upper gum without push;
it forward, and the sound *r will be iiroduced of course : for the o
g»n being left In the position of tounding d al th» end of the syllab
Initt, U necessarily in the position of forming the same d in utterin
the list syllable, unless it makes a new morement, u in the case
protruding it to as to touch the teeth. Thit letter is sometimes, thou
not often, quiescent, as In the words lianitkcrchtrf, handvnnr, Haml,
•• In pionoonolng the letter (, the Irish and other provincials thi.
en the sound, a* wat before mentioned with regard to the rf; for fir
Irr, they say bcKkrr : for ultrr, ultlirr ; and so on in all words of th
structure. Thit faulty manner arit.es from the same caute that w
mentioned at affecting the tmtnd of d ; ] menn the protrutlinf; of tl
HlWiM to as to touch the teeth, and li curable old; in the
is/i Pronunciation.
English Pronuncit
t£./ure,
tenure.
teu'ablo,
te'nable.
wr&lh,
wrath.
wrd'h, (wroth)
wrolh.
fa'rewell,
faVwel.
rod,
rode.
strAde,
strod.
sliAne,
shon.
shlsm, (schism)
clzm.
wherefore,
wheVfore.
therefore,
theVfore.
breth, (breadth)
brSdth.
cowld, (cold)
cAld.
bowld, (bold)
bold.
cA'fer,
c&Pfer.
enda'vour,
endeVur.
fut, (foot)
ffit
misclie'evous,
mls'chivous
iu'ion, (onion)
un'yun.
put,
put.
rStsb, (reach)
r<£ach.
squadron,
squ5d'run.
za/lous,
zel'lus.
za'lot,
zel'lut.
' These, after the closest attention, are all the
words, not included in the rules before laid
down, that I have been able to collect, in which
the well-educated natives of Ireland differ from
those of England."
I shall make no observations on the accuracy
of this list, but desire my reader to observe, that
the strongest characteristics of the pronunciation
of Ireland is the rough jarring pronunciation of
the letter R, and the aspiration or rough breath*
ng before all the accented vowels. (For the
true sound of R, see that letter in the Princi-
ples, No. 419-) And for the rough breathing
or aspiration of the vowels, the pupil should be
told not to bring the voice suddenly from the
breast, but to speak, as it were, from the mouth
only.
It may be observed too, that the natives of
Ireland pronounce rm at the end of a word so
distinctly as to form two separate syllables. Thus
storm and farm seem sounded by them as if writ-
ten staw-rum,fa-rum: while the English sound
the r so soft and so close to the m, that it seems
pronounced nearly as if written stawm, fanm. '.
Nearly the same observations are applicable
to Im. When these letters end a word, they are,
in Ireland, pronounced at such a distance, that
helm and realm sound as if written kel-um and
rel-lum , but in England the / and m are pro-
nounced as close as possible, and so as to form
but one syllable. To remedy th:s, it will be
necessary for the pupil to make a collection of
words terminating with these consonants, and
to practise tli.-m over till a true pronunciation
is acquired.
RULES to be observed by the NATIVES of SCOTLAND for attaining a just Pronunciation of
English.
JL HAT pronunciation which distinguishes the
inhabitants of Scotland is of a very different
kind from that of Ireland, and may be divided
into the quantity, quality, and accentuation of
the vowels. With respect to quantity, it may
be observed, that the Scotch pronounce almost
all their accented vowels long. Thus, if I am not
mistaken, they would pronounce habit, hay-bit ;
tepid, tee-pid; sinner, see-tier ; conscious, cone-
j/ms; and subject, soob-ject .-* it is not pretended,
however, that every accented vowel is so pro-
nounced, but that such a pronunciation is very
general, and particularly of the t. This vowel
is short in English pronunciation, where the
other vowels are long ; thus, evasion, adhesion,
emotion, confusion, have the a, e, o, and u, long ;
and in these instances the Scotch would pro-
nounce them like the English : but in vision,
decision, &c. where the English pronounce the t
short, the Scotch lengthen this letter by pro-
nouncing it like ee, as if the words were writ-
ten vee-sion, decee-sion, &c. and this peculiarity
is universal. The best way, therefore, to cor-
rect this, will be to make a collection of the
most usual words which have the vowel short,
and to pronounce them daily till a habit is form-
ed See Principles, No. 507.
With respect to the quality of the vowels, it
may be observed, that the inhabitants of Scot-
land are apt to pronounce the o like aw, where
the English give it the slender sound : thus Sa-
tai is pronounced Sawtan, and fatal, faictal. It
may be remarked too, that the Scotch give this
sound to the a preceded by w, according to the
general rule, without attending to the excep-
tions, Principles, No. 88 ; and thus, instead ol
making wax, waft, and twang, rhyme with tax,
shaft, and hang, they pronounce them so as to
rhyme with box, so/I, and song. The short e in
bed, fed, red, &c. borders too much upon the
English sound of a in bad, lad, mad, &c. and
the short i in bid, lid, rid, too much on the Eng-
lish sound of e in bed, led, red. To correct this
error, it would be useful to collect the long and
• That this is the general mode of pronouncing these words in
Scotland, is indisputable : and it is highly probable that the Scotch
have preserved the old English pronunciation, from which the Eng
Hsh themselves have insensibly departed. Dr. Hicks observed long
sco. that the Scotch Saionued in their language much more than the
Ii'ii;lish ; and it is scarcely to be doubted that a situation nearer
tions, made the English admit of numberless changes which never €
tended to Scotland. About the reign of Queen Elizabeth, -when t
Greek and Latin languages were cultivated, and the pedantry of sho'
Ing an acquaintance with them became fasliionable, it is not improba
hie that an alteration in the quantity of many words took place; fo
as in Latin almost every vowel before a single conson'.nt is short,
in EnglUh almost every vowel in the same situation was supposed
be long, or our ancestors would not have doubled the consonant
the participles of verbs, to prevent the preceding vowel from lengthi
ing. But when once this affectation of Latinity was adopted, it is
wonder it should extend beyond its principles, and shorten jevera
vowels in English, hecau.se they were short in the original Latin ; anc
In this mariner, perhaps, might the diversity between the quantity
the Engliih and Scotch pronunciation arUe, S42, >tl See Dratna.
short sounds of these vowels, and to pronounce
he long ones first, and to shorten them by de-
grees till they are perfectly short ; at the same
ime preserving the radical sound of 'he vowel
n both. Thus the correspondent long sounds
to the e in bed, fed, red, are bade, fade, rade ; and
that of the short i in bid, lid,'rid, and bead, lead,
reed : and the former of these classes will natu-
rally lead the ear to the true sound of the latter, the
only difference lying in the quantity. The short o
in not, lodge, got, &c. is apt to slide into the short
M, as if the words were written nut, ludge, gut,
&c. To rectify this, it should be remembered,
that this o is the short sound of aw, and ought
to have the radical sound of the deep a in ball.
Thus the radical sound corresponding to the o
in not, cot, sot, is found in naught, caught, sought,
&c. and these long sounds, like the former,
should be abbreviated into the short ones. But
what will tend greatly to clear the difficulty will
be, to remember that only those words which are
collected in the Principles, No. 165, have the j
sounded like short u when the accent is upon it :
and with respect to u in bull, full, putt, &c. it
may be observed, that the pronunciation, peculi-
ar to the English is only found in the words e-
numerated, Principles, No. 174.
In addition to what has been said, it may be
observed, that oo in food, mood, moon, soon, &c.
which ought always to have a long sound, is ge-
nerally shortened in Scotland to that middle
sound of the u in bull : and it must be remem-
bered, that wool, wood, good, hood, stood, foot, are
the only words where this sound of oo ought to
take place.
The accentuation, both in Scotland and Ire-
land, (if by accentuation we mean the stress,
and not the kind of stress,) is so much the same
as that of England, that I cannot recollect many
words in which they differ. Indeed, if it were
not so, the versification of each country would
be different : for as English verse is formed by
accent or stress, if this accent or stress were up-
on different syllables in different countries, What
is verse in England would not be verse in Scot-
land or Ireland ; and this sufficiently shows how
very indefinitely the word accent is generally
used.
Mr. Elphinston, who must be allowed to be
a competent judge in this case, tells us, that in
Scotland they pronounce silence, bids, canvas, sen~
tence, triumph, comfort, solace, construe, rescue,
respite, govern, harass, ransack, cancel, with the
accent on the last syllable instead of the first.
To this list may be added the word menace,
which they pronounce as if written mendss ; and
though they place the accent on the last syllable
RULES TO BE OBSERVED BY THE NATIVES OF SCOTLAND, &(*.
10
of canal, like the English, they broaden the a
in the last syllable, as if the word were spelt
canawl. It may be farther observed, that they
place an accent on the comparative adverb as, in
the phrases as much, as little, as many, as great,
&c. while the English, except in some very par-
ticular emphatical cases, lay no stress on this
word, but pronounce these phrases like words of
two or three syllables without any accent oil the
first.
But besides the mispronunciation of single
words, there is a tone of voice with which these
words are accompanied, that distinguishes a na-
tive of Ireland or Scotland as much as an im-
proper sound of the letters This is vulgarly,
and, if it does not mean stress only, but the kind
of stress, I think, not improperly, called the ac-
cent.* For though there is an asperity in the
Irish dialect, and a drawl in the Scotch, inde-
pendent of the slides or inflections they make
use of, yet it may with confidence be affirmed,
that much of the peculiarity which distinguishes
these dialects may be reduced to a predominant
use of one of these slides. Let any one who
has sufficiently studied the speaking voice to dis-
tinguish the slides, observe the pronunciation of
an Irishman and Scotchman, who have much of
the dialect of their country, and he will find that
the former abounds with the falling, and the
latter with the rising inflection ;f and if this be
the case, a teacher, if he understands these slides,
ought to direct his instruction so as to remedy
the imperfection. But as avoiding the wrong,
and seizing the right at the same instant, is per-
haps too great a task for human powers, I would
advise a native of Ireland, who lias much of the
accent, to pronounce almost all his words, and
end all his sentences, with the rising slide ; and
a Scotchman, in the same manner, to use the
falling inflection : this will, in some measure,
counteract the natural propensity, and bids fair-
er for bringing the pupil to that nearly equal
mixture of both slides which distinguishes the
English speaker, than endeavouring at first to
catch the agreeable variety. For this purpose,
the teacher ought to pronounce all the single
words in the lesson with the falling inflexion to
a Scotchman, and with the rising to an Irishman ;
and should frequently give the pauses in a sen-
tence the same inflexions to each of these pu-
pils, where he would vary them to a native of
England. But while the human voice remains
unstudied, there is little expectation that this
ist.nction of tne slides should be applied to
these useful purposes.
Besides a peculiarity of inflexion, which I take
D be a falling circumflex, directly opposite to
that of the Scotch, the Welsh pronounce the
iiarp consonants and aspirations instead of the
Bat (See Principles, No. 29, 41.)— Thu. for
H| they say /jfct/ for 6W> ;;fofl/; and for
I1. .ead of "rtue and w», they say firtue
; instead of teal and praise, they say seal
r. Ml, ««mpba«d in ElemtnH cf Elocution, „!. II.
t Or ruher Ih* rlihig cln •" -
•«•>>•. M* lUmi/rical Omi
' and pracc ; instead of these and those, they say thect
1 and thoce ; and instead of azure and osier, they
say aysfier and osher ; and (or jail, chad. Thus
there are nine distinct consonant sounds which,
to the Welsh, are entirely useless. To speak
with propriety, therefore, the Welsh ought for
some time to pronounce the flat consonantsand as.
pirations only ; that is, they ought not only to
pronounce them where the letters require the flat
sound, but even where they require the sharp
sound ; this will be the best way to acquire a ha-
bit ; and when this is once done, a distinction
will be easily made, and a just pronunciation
more readily acquired.
There is scarcely any part of England, remote
from the capital, where a different system of
pronunciation does not prevail. As in Wales
they pronounce the sharp consonants for the flat,
so in Somersetshire they pronounce many of the
flat instead of the sharp : thus for Somersetshire,
they say Zomerxetshire ; for father, vather ; for
i/iink, THink ; and for sure, z/ture.i.
There are dialects peculiar to Cornwall, Lan-
cashire, Yorkshire, and every distant county in
England ; but as a consideration of these would
lead to a detail too minute for the present occa-
sion, I shall conclude these remarks with a few
observations on the peculiarities of my country-
men, the Cockneys ; who, as they are the models
of pronunciation to the distant provinces, ought
to be the more scrupulously correct.
Fiasr FAULT or THE LONDONERS Pro-
nouncing s indistinctly after st.
The letter t after st, from the very difficulty
of its pronunciation, is often sounded inarticu-
lately. The inhabitants of London, of the low-
er order, cut the knot, and pronounce it in a dis-
tinct syllable, as if e were before it, but this
is to be avoided as the greatest blemish in speak-
ing : the three last letters in posts, Jlsts, mists,
&c. must all be distinctly heard in one syllable,
and without permitting the letters to coalesce.
For the acquiring of this sound, it will be pro-
per to select nouns that end in st, or ste ; to form
them into plurals, and pronounce them forcibly
and distinctly every day. The same may be
observed of the third person of verbs ending i&
sts or stes, as persists, wastes, hades, &c.
SECOND FAULT. — Pronouncing w for v, and
inversely.
The pronunciation of v for w, and more fre-
quently of w for v, among the inhabitants of
London, and those not always of the lower or-
der, is a blemish of the first magnitude. The
difficulty of remedying this defect is the great-
er, as the cure of one of these mistakes has a
tendency to promote the other. Thus, if you
are very careful to make a pupil pronounce veal
and vinegar, not as if written weal and winegar,
you will find him very apt to pronounce wine
and wind, as if written vine and vind. The on
ly method of rectifying this habit seems to be
this : Let the pupil select from a Dictionary,
not only all the words that begin with v, but u
t S« the word Ckan^t.
RULES TO BE OBSERVED BY THE LONDONERS.
11
many as he can of those that have this letter in
any other part. Let him be told to bite his un-
der lip while he is sounding the v in those words,
and to practise this every day till he pronounces
the t; properly at first sight : then, and not till
then, let him pursue the same method with the
tc ; which he must be directed to pronounce by
a pouting out of the lips without suffering them
to touch the teeth. Thus by giving all the at-
tention to only one of these letters at a time,
and fixing by habit the true sound of that, we
shall at last find both of them reduced to their
proper pronunciation, in a shorter time than by
endeavouring to rectify them both at once.
THIRD FAULT. — Not sounding h after w.
The aspirate h is often sunk, particularly in
the capital, where we do not find the least dis-
tinction of sound between while and wile, whet
and wet, where and were, &c. The best method
to rectify this, is to collect all the words of this
description from a Dictionary, and write them
down ; and instead of the wh, to begin them
with hoo, in a distinct syllable, and so to pro-
nounce them. Thus let while be written and
sounded hoo-ile ; whet, hoo-et ; where, hoo - are i
whip, hoo-ip, &c. This is no more, as Dr. Lowth
observes, than placing the aspirate in its true
position before the w, as it is in the Saxon, which
the words come from : where we may observe,
that though we have altered the orthography of
our ancestors, we have still preserved their pro-
nunciation.
FOUKTH FAULT. — Not sounding h where it
ought to be sounded, and inversely.
A still worse habit than the last prevails,
chiefly among the people of London, that of
sinking the h at the beginning of words where
it ought to be sounded, and of sounding it, ei-
ther where it is not seen, or where it ought to
be sunk. Thus we not unfrequently hear, es-
pecially among children, heart pronounced art,
and arm, harm. This is a vice perfectly similar
to that of pronouncing the » for the w, and the
w for the v, and requires a similar method to
correct it.
As there are so very few words in the lan-
guage where the initial A is sunk, we may select
these from the rest, and, without setting the pu-
pil right when he mispronounces these, or when
he prefixes h improperly to other words, we may
make him pronounce all the words where k is
sounded, till he has almost forgot there are any
words pronounced otherwise : then he may go
over those words to which he improperly pre-
fixes the h, and those where the h is seen but
not sounded, without any danger of an inter-
change. As these latter words are but few, I
shall subjoin a catalogue of them for the use of
the learner : Heir, heiress, herb, herbage, honest,
honesty, honestly, honour, honourable, honourably,
hospital, hostler, hour, hourly, humble, humbles,
humbly, humour, humorist, humorous, humorous-
ly, humorsome : where we may observe, that hu-
mour and its compounds not only sink the h,
but sound the u like the pronoun you, or the
noun yew, as if written yewmour, yewmorous, &c.
Thus I have endeavoured to correct some of
the more glaring errors of my countrymen, who,
with all their faults, are still upon the whole the
best pronouncers of the English language : for
though the pronunciation of London is certain-
ly erroneous in many words, yet, upon being
compared with that of any other place, it is un-
doubtedly the best ; that is, not only the best by
courtesy, and because it happens to be the pro-
nunciation of the capital, but the best by a bet-
ter title — that of being more generally received ;
or in other words, though the people of London
are erroneous in the pronunciation of many
words, the inhabitants of every other place are
erroneous in many more. Nay, harsh as the
sentence may seem, those at a considerable dis-
tance from the capital do not only mispronounce
many words taken separately, but they scarcely
pronounce, with purity, a single word, syllable,
or letter. Thus, if the short sound of the letter
u in trunk, sunk, &c. differ from the sound of
that letter in the northern parts of England,
where they sound it like the u in bull, and near-
ly as if the words were written tromik, soonk, &c.
it necessarily follows that every word where the
second sound of that letter occurs must by those
provincials be mispronounced.
But though the inhabitants of London have
this manifest advantage over all the other inha-
bitants of the island, they have the disadvantage
of being more disgraced by their peculiarities
than any other people. The grand difference
between the metropolis and the provinces is, that
the people of education in London are general-
ly free from the vices of the vulgar ; but the
best educated people in the provinces, if con-
stantly resident there, are sure to be strongly
tinctured with the dialect of the county in
which they live. Hence it is, that the vulgar
pronunciation of London, though not half so er-
roneous as that of Scotland, Ireland, or any of
the provinces, is, to a person of correct taste, a
thousand times more offensive and disgusting.
12
DlRKCTIONS TO FoUEIGNI.RS,
In order to attain a KnouJedge of the Marks in Ms Dictionary, ami to acquire a right Pro
nunciation of every Word in the English Language.
As the sounds of the vowels are different in
different languages, it would be endless to bring
parallel sounds from the various languages of
Europe; but, as the French is so generally un-
derstood upon the Continent, if we can reduce
the sounds of the English letters to those of the
French, we shall render the pronunciation of
our language very generally attainable : and
this, it is presumed, will be pretty accurately
accomplished by observing the following direc-
A
ei
N
en
li
hi
0
0
C
d
P
I"
1)
di
Q
kiutt
E
i
R
arr
F
tf
S
CM
G
dgi
T
ti
11
etch
U
ion
I
di
V
vi
J
&
w
dobliuu
K
ftf
X
ex
L
ell
Y
onai
M
em
Z
zedd
The French have all our vow?l sounds, and
will therefore find the pronunciation of them
very easy. The only difficulty they will meet
with seems to be t, which, though demonstrably
composed of two successive sounds, has passed
for a simple vowel with a very competent judge
of English pronunciation.* The reason
these two sounds are pronounced so closely to-
gether as to require some attention to discover
their component parts : this attention Mr. Sheri-
danf never gave, or he would not have told us,
that this diphthong is a compound of our fullesi
and slenderest sounds a and e1 ; the first made
by the largest, and the last by the smallest aper-
ture of the mouth. Now nothing is more cer-
tain than the inaccuracy of this definition. The
third sound of a, which is perfectly equivalen
to the third sound of o, when combined with the
first sound of e, must inevitably form the diph-
thong in boy, joy, &c. and not the diphthonga
•ound of the vowel t in idle, or the personal pro-
noun /; this double sound will, upon a close
examination, be found to be composed of the I
talian n in the la.-t syllable of pajta, and the firs
sound of e, pronounced as closely together a
possible ;| and for the exactness of this defini
• Nam, Element! of Orthoepy, page 2.
I See Section 111. of his PrwodUl Grammar prefixed to his Di
U ": -r •
t Holder, the most philo.ophical and accurate investigator of th
formation and power, of the letter., wjs : •• Our Tutor i as in \til
Mara to b* Mich a diphthong, (or rather «jllaUe, or part of a syllable
y*g£.1L'ii' "' '• ''• "ld not * lhn|ita orisinal "•*••
l>r. W.llVs tpeaklng of the Ions KmjIMi i, Mrs it U wunded
Jem fere inodo quo (iallorum ai in vccibus maim, manus • pain i*
Ncmpe MMium hal«t com|>c»uum ex rjalloriiin e fu-niinii
M • «H y. <,raniiuatira Lingua; Anglican*, page 1&.
on, I appeal to every just English ear in the
ingdom.
The other diphthongal vowel, u, is composed
f the French i, pronounced as closely as possi.
le to their diphthong ou, or the English eel and
, perfectly equivalent to the sound the French
irould give to the letters you, and which is ex-
ctly the sound the English give to the plural
f the second personal pronoun.
The diphthong of or oy is composed of the
<Yench a and »; thus toy and bay would be ei-
ctly expressed to a Frenchman by writing them
ai, bai.
The diphthongs ou and ow, when sounded
ike ou, are composed of the French a and the
iphthong ou ; and the English sounds of thou
nd now may be expressed to a Frenchman by
pelling them thaou and naou.
W is no more than the French diphthong ou ;
hus West is equivalent to Quest, and wall to
nAtt.
Y is perfectly equivalent to the French letter
f that name, and may be supplied by i ; thus
yoke, you, &c. is expressed by ioke, iou, &c.
J, or / consonant, must be pronounced by
m-fixing d to the French j f thus jay, joy, &c.
ound to a Frenchman as if spelled dje, djdi, &c.
If any difficulty be found in forming this com-
bination of sounds, it will be removed by pro-
nouncing the d, ed, and spelling these words
edje, edjai, &c.
Ch, in English words not derived from the
Greek, Latin, or French, is pronounced as if t
were prefixed ; thus the sound of chair, cheese,
chain, &c. would be understood by a Frencli-
man if the words were written tsliere, ts/tize,
tchene.
Sh in English is expressed by ch in French ;
thus shame, share, &c. would be spelled by a
Frenchman chtme, chere, &c.
The ringing sound ng in long, song, &c. may
be perfectly conceived by a pupil who can pro-
nounce the French word Encore, as the first syl-
lable of this word is exactly correspondent to
the sound in those English words; and for the
formation of it, see Principles, No. 57 ; also
the word ENCORE.
But the greatest difficulty every foreigner
finds in pronouncing English, is the lisping
consonant th. This, it may be observed, has,
like the other consonants, a sharp and a flat
sound ; sharp as in thin, bath ; flat as in that,
with. To acquire the true pronunciation of this
difficult combination, it may be proper to be-
gin with those words where it is initial : and
first, let the pupil protrude his tongue a littlo
way beyond the teeth, and press it between
them as if going to bite the tip of it ; while this
is doing, U' 'ie wishes to pronounce thin, lei
DIRECTIONS TO FOREIGNERS.
13
him hiss as if to sound the letter s ; and after
the hiss, let him draw back his tongue within
his teeth, and pronounce the preposition in, and
thus will the word thin be perfectly pronounced.
If he would pronounce that, let him place the
tongue between the teeth as before ; and while
he is hissing, as if to sound the letter z, let him
withdraw his tongue into his mouth, and imme-
diately pronounce the preposition at. To pro-
nounce this combination when final in boll., let
him pronounce ba, and protrude the tongue be-
yond the teeth, pressing the tongue with them,
,and hissing as if to sound s; if he would pro-
nounce with, let him first form wi, put the tongue
in the same posiiion as before, and hiss as if to
Bound x. It will be proper to make the pupil
dwell some time with the tongue beyond the
teetn in order to form a habit, and to pronounce
daily some words out of a Dictionary beginning
and ending with these letters.
These directions, it is presumed, if properly
attended to, will be sufficient to give such Fo-
reigners as understand French, and have not ac-
cess to a roaster, a competent knowledge of Eng-
lish pronunciation ; but to render the sounds of
the vowels marked by figures in this Dictionary
still more easily to be comprehended — with those
English words which exemplify the sounds of
the vowels, I have associated such French words
as have vowels exactly corresponding to them,
and which immediately convey the true English
pronunciation. These should be committed to
memory, or written down and held in his hand
while the pupil is inspecting the Dictionary.
Perhaps the greatest advantage to foreigners
and provincials will be derived from the classifi-
cation of words of a similar sound, snd drawing
the line between the general rule and the excep-
tion. This has heen an arduous task ; but it \
hoped the benefit arising from it will amply re-
pay it. When the numerous varieties of sounds
annexed to vowels, diphthongs, and consonants,
lie scattered without bounds, a learner is bewil-
dered and discouraged from attempting to dis-
tinguish them ; but when they are all classed,
arranged, and enumerated, the variety seems
less, the number smaller, and the distinction
e isier. What an inextricable labyrinth do the
diphthongs en and ou form as they lie loose in
the language ! but classed and arranged as we
find them, No. 226, &c. and 313, &c. the confu-
sion vanishes, they become much less formidable,
and a learner has it in his power, by repeating
them daily, to become master of them all in a
very little time.
The English accent is often an insurmounta-
ble obstacle to foreigners, as the rules for it are
so various, and the exceptions so numerous ; but
let the inspector consult the article Accent in
the Principles, particularly No. 492, 505, 506,
&c. and ne will soon perceive how much of ou»
language is regularly accented, and how much
that which is irregular is facilitated by an enu-
meration of the greater number of exceptions.
But scarcely any method will be so useful for
gaining the English cccent as the reading of
verse. This will naturally lead the ear to the
right accentuation ; and though a different posi-
tion of the accent is frequently to be met with
in the beginning of a verse, there is a sufficient
regularity to render the pronouncing of verse a
powerful means of obtaining such a distinction
of force and feebleness as is commonly called
the accent : for it may be observed, that a fo-
reigner is no less distinguishable by placing an
accent upon certain words to which the English
give no stress, than by placing the stress upon a
wrong syllable. Thus if a foreigner, when he
calls for bread at table, by saying gii<e me some
bread, lays an equal stress upon every word,
though every word should be pronounced with
its exact sound, we immediately perceive he is
not a native. An Englishman would pronounce,
these four words like two, with the accent on
the first syllable of the first, and on the last syl-
lable of the last, as if written giveme somebred ;
or rather givme sumbrid ; or more commonly,
though vulgarly, gimme sombrtd. Verse may
sometimes induce a foreigner, as it does some-
times injudicious natives, to lay the accent on a
syllable in long words whrch ought to have none,
as in a couplet of Pope's Essay on criticism :
" False eloquence, like the pris:
"Its gaud; colours spreads on
a.icgla
ery pla
Here a foreigner would be apt to place an ac-
cent on the last syllable of eloquence as well as
the first, wkich would be certainly wrong; but
this fault is so trifling, when compared with that
of laying the accent on the second syllable, that
it almost vanishes from observation ; and this
misaccentuation, verse will generally guard him
from. The reading of verse, therefore, will, if
I am not mistaken, be found a powerful regu-
lator, both of accent and emphasis.
CONTENTS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
ALPHABET,.
Itrfinition of vowels and consonants,-
Analogical 'table of the rowels.
Dip'ithongt and triphthongs enumerated,
Consonants distinguished into classes, ~—
Analogical table of the consonants.
Organic formation of the letters,
Of the quantity and quality of the vowels, ~™
Clflhe influence of accent on the sounds of the letters,
The letter A, ami its different sounds, .— ..
The leter E, and its dijferent sounds.
The letter I, and its different sounds,
The letter O, and its dijferent sounds, .-.
The letter U, and its dt^rrrnt sounds,
Thr vowel V, and Us different sounds, ,.
The rowel W, and Us different sounds,-,... ,
Of the diphthongs called semi-consomnts, .
fythe dip/ithongs \E, AI, AO, and aS the rest in
thetr alphabetical order, ,.
Of the sounds of the consonants,
ft, when mute,'
«', its different sounds, .
D, its dijferent sounds, .
F, its different sounds, .
n, its different i
'. sounds, .
l>. wti rntnunded, and when mute,-
PH. its uniform sound,-
0, U' different sounds, when combined with u, --_-.-.-„
R, when its sound is transposed, rrrrm-f,^, .--.-....-.-
ll'hen it is to be pronounced rough, and when
S, lit aifferent sounds, _^™™™™™_^nT
H'hen it is to be pronounced like z, .-
ir'ien U is to be pronounced lil-e sh and 7,h,~
Mr. Sheridan's error in this point detected,
T, itt different sounds, „
Hnj it slides into sh in the numerous termination
tlOO, -,-,-rr- r, - ,,,_._>._
ft'lnj U slides into this sound before u, preceded
Mr. Sheridan's error in this point detected,-
T H . itt different sounds
H'hen the h i- silent in this comliination,
T, when silent, „
V, ii> uniform sound, .
IV, whrnsilent, anil when sounded, . __-..,
X, is exactly similar to ks, and liable to the same alte-
rations nf*nu™t,
J/r. Sheridan's error in this point detected,
Improperly changed into T. Dr. LowtKs opinion
of t hit change in certain rerbs, considered, and
corrected.
i!).
548
3.JS
Always mute before N i» the same syllable at the
end nfa word, erempltftfd in the words impugn,
oupu'gn. propuen, expugn, irapTegn, <.Ve with
theau thorities of the most respectable orthoepists,
H, when sounded, and when mute,
J, its nniform sound, ,
K, when sounded, and when mute,
L, when sounded, and when mute,
M , when sounded, and when mute, — ...;,.rl.-. .-..-.
N, when it has its naso-guttural sound,
li'hen U has its ringing sound in the participial
termination ing,
386
594
398
399
4(11
407
403
410
4 1 i!
413
414
'''II
*T»
V, as a consonant, and its different sounds, .Vo 482
Z, improperly resolved by Dr. Johnson into s hard:
Its true name Izzard, 4S5
OF THE NATURE OF ACCENT.
The only true definition of accent, -
The differ entpositionsof the Knglis/i accent,
decent on dissyllables,
Dissyllable nouns and verbs differently accented
decent on trisyllables,
488
4S9
491
492
501
Partial dependence of the English accent ton that of
the Greek and Latin, _ 503
Accent^ on Polysyllables, ~* rJJ.J-J-JJ.JJJJJ-J-,J.-J-. ^^^^.-^ 504
Enditical accent exemplified in the termination logy,
The tendency of compounds to contract the sound of
the simple, L 515
Secondary/ accfnt,
Thethoricning power of this accent
527
ON QUANTITY.
The shortening power of the secondary accent exempH-
Jifd in the uncertainty and inconsistency of .1/r.
Sheridan and Dr. Ktntick in their dMsion of
words into syllables, r-....-.........r_._._^^_._'_ 550
ON SYLLABICATION.
Syllabication different according to the different ends
to be attained by it, 558
Syllabication exhibiting the sound of a word, depend-
ing, in some measure, on the nature of the letters
prior to actual pronunciation, ~~ — . 542
The almost total independence of the English quantity
on that of the Greek and Latin, exemplified by an,
enumeration nfmost of the dissyllables in our lan-
guage derived from the Latin and Greek, — , 544
The only possible case in which we can argncfrom the
Tallin quantity to the English, , 5 15
Dissyllables from' the Saxon and French languages e-
numeraifd, rrr, „,<,_ m, -,;,„, m,,-,^ m..-^^ , ibi
Causes of the prevalence of shortening Vie first sylla-
ble of dissyllables from these languages, ib.
Of the quantity of unaccented syllables ending wilti a
r>owel,~.
_ ____ _
Uncertainty and inconsistency of f>r. Kenrick in his
notation of the quantity of these twtrrfj, --...-jrrrj
Uncertainty and inconsistency of Mr. Sheridan and
Dr. Kenrick in marking the quantity of these
VttWelS, rm.-l.-,!!^ ,, r. ,, ,, rrr-r, -r rr -r - - rr rr rf JJfJ ,J ,., jjjj jj
Exception to the general rule of pronouncing these
syl ahles when c is follnwed by r, -------
Uncertainty of our test orthoepists in their syllabica-
tion of such words, exemplified bv a list from Sheri-
dan, Kenrict; Scott, and Perry, — ~~~~. -
Peculiar delicacy of the sound qfihesr srjUables, -
Tendency of o before r to go info the same obscuritif at
e, exemplififd in thf direr sity und inconsistency nf
our best orthoepiits in marking these syllables',^-.
Table of the simple and diphthongal rowed, referred
to as a keif to the figures over the letters in the
Dictionary, --------- .-.--:-..•..-.•...,., ^.^-.,.r_-,-rl^J*,
54?
ib.
551
553
557
15
PRINCIPLES OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
I. THE First Principles or Elements of
Pronunciation are Letters :
and these are called consonants, or letter
sounding with other letters.
The Letters of the English Language are, Definition of Vowels and Consonants.
5. Vowels are generally reckoned to be five
in number : namely, a, e, i, o, u ; — y and w art
called vowels when they end a syllable or
word, and consonants when they begin one.
6. The definition of a vowel, as little liable
to exception as any, seems to be the follow-
ing : A vowel is a simple sound formed by a
continued effusion of the breath, and a cer-
tain conformation of the mouth, without any
alteration of the position, or any motion of
the organs of speech, from the moment the
vocal sound commences till it ends.
7. A consonant may be defined to be an
interruption of the effusion of vocal sound,
arising from the application of the organs of
speech to each other.
8. Agreeably to this definition, vowels may
be divided into two kinds, the simple and
compound. The simple a, e, o, are those
which are formed by one conformation of
the organs only ; that is, the organs remain
exactly in the same position at the end as at
the beginning of the letter; whereas in the
compound vowels t and u, the organs alter
their position before the letter is completely
sounded : nay, these letters, when commenc-
ing a syllable, do not only require a different
position of the organs in order to form them
perfectly, but demand such an application of
the tongue to the roof of the mouth, as is in-
consistent with the nature of a pure vowel ;
for the first of these letters, i, when sounded
alone, or ending a syllable with the accent
upon it, is a real diphthong, composed of the
sounds of a \nfa-ther, and of c in the, exact-
ly correspondent to thye sound of the noun
eye ; and when this letter commences a syl-
lable, as in min-ion, pin-ion, &c. the sound of
e with which it terminates is squeezed into a
consonant sound, like the double e heard in
queen, different from the simple sound o'
that letter in quean, and this squeezed sound
in the commencing i makes it exactly similar
to y in the same situation ; which, by all
grammarians, is acknowledged to be a con-
sonant.* The latter of these compound
« definitely on the nature of y, and insist on UK l*irR alw.ivs a
which is generally paid to this part of grammar. His wonU ate
Roman. Italic. Name.
A a
A a
a
B b
S b
bee
C c
C c
tee
D d
D d
dee
E e
E e
e
F f
Ff
tf
G 0
H h
G ff
H h
jce
aitch
I i
I i
i or eye
H
J J
A' k
j consonant,
kay
or jay.
L 1
L I
el
M m
Mm
em
N n
N n
en
0 o
O o
o
P P
P p
pee
Q q
Q. q
cue
R r
R r
ar
S S
S s
ess
T t
T t
tee
U u
Uu
u, or yon
V v
V v
v consonant,
or vce.
W w
Ww
double w
X x
Xx
eks
Y y
Y y
wy
Z z
Z z
zed, or izzard, 418.
2. To these may be added certain combi-
nations of letters sometimes used in printing ;
as ff, fi, fl, ffi, ffl, and &, or and per se and, or
rather et per se and ; f, fi, fl, ffi., ffl, and #.
3. Our letters, says Dr. Johnson, are com-
monly reckoned twenty-four, because ancient-
ly i andj, as well as « and v, were expressed by
the same character; but as these letters, which
had always different powers, have now differ-
ent forms, our alphabet may be properly said
to consist of twenty-six letters.
4. In considering the sounds of these first
principles of language, we find that some are
so simple and unmixed, that there is nothing
required but the opening of the mouth to make
them understood, and to form different sounds.
Whence they have the names of vowels, or
rwices, or vocal sounds. On the contrary, we
find that there are others, whose pronunci-
ation depends on the particular application
and use of every part of the mouth, as the
teeth, the lips, the tongue, the palate, &c.
which yet cannot make any one perfect sound
but by their union with those vocal sounds ;
th.
Theut
and l>i th« '
wind which we express by the initint y, our Savon
nT Instances p*pre*«ed by the Towel t : a> eo9t'frr your i
•1 i • as in, ym ; ivg, young. In the word y»w tt»
16
CLASSIFICATION OF VOWELS AND CONSONANTS.
vowels, M, when initial, and not shortened by
a consonant, commences with this squeezed
sound of e equivalent to the y, and ends
with a sound given to oo in woo and coo,
which makes its name in the alphabet exact-
ly similar to the pronoun you.* If, there-
fore, the common definition of a vowel be
just, these two letters are so far from being
simple vowels, that they may be more proper-
ly called semi-consonant diphthongs.
9. That y and w are consonants when they
begin a word, and vowels when they end one,
is generally acknowledged by the best gram-
marians; and yet Dr. Lowth has told us,
that iv is equivalent to oo ; but if this were
the case, it would always admit of the parti-
cle an before it : for though we have no word
in the language which commences with these
letters, we plainly perceive, that if we had
such a word, it would readily admit of an be-
fore it, and consequently that these letters
are not equivalent to w. — Thus we find, that
the common opinion, with respect to the
double capacity of these letters, is perfectly
just.
10. Besides the vowels already mentioned,
there is another simple vowel sound found
under the oo in the words woo and con ; these
letters have, in these two words, every pro-
perty of a pure vowel, but when, found in
food, mood, &c. and in the word too, pro-
nounced like the adjective two, here the oo
12. Letters, therefore, are naturally divisi-
ble into vowels and consonants.
13. The vowels are, a, e, i, o, u ; and y and
w when ending a syllable.
H. The consonants are, b, c, d,f, g, h.jt
fc, I, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, x, z ; and y and w
when beginning a syllable.
15. The vowels may be subdivided into
such as are simple and pure, and into such as
are compound and impure. The simple or
' pure vowels are such as require only one
conformation of the organs to form them,
and no motion in the organs while forming.
16. The compound or impure \owels are
such as require more than one conformation
| of the organs to form them, and a motion in
i the organs while forming. These ubserva-
; tions premised, we may call the following
i scheme :
An Analogical Table of the Vowels.
a pa-per,
a fa-ther,
a wa-ter,
e me-tre,
o no-ble,
simple
> or pure
vowels.
1 'jftfrl compound
v cy-der, \ •*
i • i f or impure
w lu-cid, I i1
vowels.
w pow-er, J
oo . . coo, ^
Diphthongs and Triphthongs enumerated.
17. Two vowels forming but one syllable
are generally called a diphthong, and three a
triphthong: these are the following:
has a squeezed sound, occasioned by con-
tracting the mouth, so as to make the lips
nearly touch each other ; and this makes it,
like the i and «, not so much a double vowel,
as a sound between a vowel and a conso-
nant.
Classification of Vowels and Consonants.
\ 1. Vowels and consonants being thus de-
fined, it will be necessary, in the next place,
to arrange them into such classes as their si-
militudes and specific differences seem to re-
quire.
ae ...Caesar,
at aim,
ao gaol,
«w.... taught,
eiv .jewel,
ey they,
ia poniard,
ie friend,
oy boy
ue inansu etude,
iii languid.
vy buy,
aye . (for ever),
eav beauty,
evu ..plenteous,
ieu adieu,
ietv view,
oeu manoeuvre.
istingttished into
ay say,
ea clean,
ee reed,
ei ceiling,
eo.... people,
en feud,
Consonants ei
oa coat,
oe .oeconomy,
oi voice,
oo moon,
i>u found,
on' now,
tumerated and a
Initial y ha« prerlwlj the same sound with i In the words rim., tin,
»Mtm : the i i% «-Jkno»l<*1|(«d u> l» a »«wel in the* latter ; how then
canjhey, which hat the rtry tame sound, possibly lie a consonant in
Ihtiormerr' It* Initial sound is general!} like that of i in t/iire, or rr
nearly ; it is farmed by the opemrz of the mouth without anj motion
•r contract of the para : in a word. It has ever} property of a towel,
nd not one of a coruonant." Introduction to English fjrammar,
^1 hu» bl the learned bishop ; » ho has too filed a feme to suffer any
diminution by a mistake in v> trifling a part of literature is this : bill it
may be a»ked, if y lus every property of a vowel, and not one of a con-
tonant, why, when it begins a word, does it not admit the euphonic
ar- 1: Ie am before It ?
• An ignorance of the real compoiition of u, and a want of know.
mg that it partook of the nature of .1 consonant, has occasioned a creat
J.ver^ty and uncertainty in prefixing the indefinite article an l*f.,re
k. Our ancestors, judgir^ of m nature from its name, never suspect-
ed that it wa« not a pure »owel, and constantly prefixed the articU »»
before nouns beginning with thil letter ; as an «»i,.n, an unf"! book
They were confirmed in lhl« opinion by finding 'he a» alwav> adai.t-
•d to the short «, as an umpir., JH urt,,etla, without ever dreaming
that the siwrt . u a pure »ow*l, and essentially ditterent from the
long one. But the modems, not retting in the name of a letter, and
tmisulting their nn rather than their eyes, ha« frequentl, placed
U* . iuteW of.. before the long «, and we have seen « „„;.;, « „.;.
iv . « <jl , a sur/M t***, from some of -he most respccul.l, pens of th
.r«^Bt ae. o
,
age. Nor can we doubt a
refl«< "«'
*' !"*••
ords
of the i.ropriet of this
begi;, to the ear
uZful, and can
1 8. The consonants are divisible into mutes,
semi-vowels, and liquids.
19. The mutes are such as emit no soui.d
without a vowel, as b, p, t, d, fc, and c and.
g hard.
20. The semi-vowels are such as emit a
sound without the concurrence of a vowel,
as,/, v, s, z, x, g soft or^;'.
21. The liquids are such as flow into, or
unite easily with the mutes, as, /, m, n, r.
22. But, besides these, there is another
classification of the consonants, of great im-
portance to a just idea of the nature of the
letters, and that is, into such as are sharp or
flat, and simple or aspirated.
23. The sharp consonants are p, f, t, i, tt
c hard.
ORGANIC FORMATION OF THE LETTERS AND VOWELS.
n
W. The flat consonants are.i, v, d,z, g hard.
2.3. The simple consonants are those which
have always the sound of one letter unmixed
with others, as, b, p, f, v, k, g hard, and g
soft or.;.
26. The mixed or aspirated consonants are
those which have sometimes a hiss or aspira-
tion joined with them, which mingles with the
tetter, and alters its sound, as, t in motion, d
in soldier, s in mission, and z in azure.
27. There is another distinction of conso-
nants arising either from the seat of their for-
mation, or from those organs which are chief-
ly employed in forming them. The best dis-
tinction of this kind seems to be that which
divides them into labials, dentals, gutturals,
and nasals.
28. The labials are. b, p,f, v. The dentals
are, t, d, s, z, and soft g or j. The gutturals
are, k, q, c hard, and g hard. The nasals are,
m, n, and ng.
29. These several properties of the conso-
nants may be exhibited at one view in the
'bllowing table, which may be called
An Analogical Table of the Consonants.
labio-nasal liquid 7
Lisping dentals { fli^,''*', </£'*'
««««- JEft^-r}*"-- »<""<"•
Deiito-guttural or nasal ng, hang,
30. Vowels and consonants being thus de-
fined and arranged, we are the better enabled to
enter upon an inquiry into their different pow-
ers, as they are differently combined with each
other. But previous to this, that nothing may
be wanting to form a just idea of the first
principles of pronunciation, it may not be im-
proper to show the organic formation of each
letter.
Organic Formation of the Letters.
31. Though I think every mechanical ac-
count of the organic formation of the letters
rather curious than useful, yet, that nothing
which can be presented to the eye may be
wanting to inform the ear, I shall, in this, fol-
low those who have been at the pains to trace
every letter to its seat, and make us, as it
were, to touch the sounds we articulate.
Organic Formation of the Vowels.
32. It will be necessary to observe, that
there are three long sounds of the letter a,
which are formed by a greater or less expan-
sion of the internal parts of the mouth.
33. The German a heard in ball, wall, &c.
is. formed by a strong and grave expression of
the breath through the mouth, which is open
nearly in a circular form, while the tongue,
contracting itself to the root, as if to make way
for the sound, almost rests upon the under jaw.
34. The Italian a, heard in fa-ther, closes
the mouth a little more than the German a ;
and by raising the lower jaw, widening the
tongue, and advancing it a little nearer to the
lips, renders its sound less hollow and deep.
35. The slender a, or that heard in lane, is
formed in the mouth still higher than the last ;
and in pronouncing it, the lips, as if to give
it a slender sound, dilate their aperture hori-
zontally ; while the tongue, to assist this nar-
row emission of breath, widens itself to the
cheeks, raises itself nearer the palate, and by
these means a less hollow sound than either
of the former is produced.
36. The e in e-qual is formed by dilating
the tongue a little more, and advancing it
nearer to the palate and the lips, which pro-
duces the slenderest vowel in the language ;
for the tongue is, in the formation of this let-
ter, as close to the palate as possible, without
touching it ; as the moment the tongue touch-
es the palate, the squeezed sound of ee in t/iee
and meet is formed, which, by its description,
must partake of the sound of the consonant^.
37. The t in i-dol is formed by uniting tne
sound of the Italian a in fa-ther and the ein
e-qual, and pronouncing them as closely toge-
ther as possible. See Directions to Foreign-
ers at the beginning of this book.
38. The o in o-pcn is formed by nearly the
some position of the organs as the a in wa-ter ;
but the tongue is advanced a little more into
the middle of the mouth, the lips are protrud-
ed, and form a round aperture like the form
of the letter, and the voice is not so deep in
the mouth as when a is formed, but advance*
to the middle or hollow of the mouth.
39. The u in u-nit is formed by uniting the
squeezed sound ee to a simple vowel sound,
heard in woo and coo ; the oo in these words
is formed by protruding the lips a little more
than in o, forming a smaller aperture with
them, and, instead of swelling the voice in the
middle of the mouth, bringing it as forward
as possible to the lips.
40. F final, in try, is formed like i: and w
final, in now, like the oo, which has just been
described.
In this view of the organic formation of the
vowels we find that a, e, and o, are the only
simple or pure vowels : that i is a diphthong,
and that u is a semi-consonant. If we were
inclined to contrive a scale for measuring the
breadth or narrowness, or, as others term it,
the openness or closeness of the vowel, we
might begin with e open, as Mr. Elphinston
calls it, and which he announces to be the
closest of all the vocal powers. In the pro-
nunciation of this letter we find the aperture
of the mouth extended on each side ; the lips
almost closed, and the sound issuing horizon.
B
IS
OUGANIC FOKMATION OF THE VOWELS AND CONSONANTS.
tally. The slender a in waste opens the mouth
a little wider. The a in fa-ther opens the
mouth still more, without contracting the cor-
ners. The German a, heard in wall, not only
opens the mouth wider than the former a, but
contracts the corners of the mouth so as to
make the aperture approach nearer to a cir-
de ; while the o opens the uiouth still more,
and contracts the corners so as to make it the
oj rotundum, a picture of the letter it sounds.
It' therefore the other vowels were, like o, to
take their forms from the aperture of the
mouth in pronouncing them, the German a
ought necessarily to have a figure as nearly
approaching the o in form as it does in sound ;
that is, it ought to have that elliptical form
which approaches nearest to the circle ; as
the a of the Italians, and that of the English
in fa-ther, ought to form ovals, in exact pro-
portion to the breadth of their sounds ; the
English a in waste ought to have a narrower
oval ; the e in the ought to have the curve of
a parabola, and the squeezed sound of ee in
seen, a right line : or, to reduce the lines to
solids, the o would be a perfect globe, the
German a an oblate spheroid, like the figure
of the earth, the Italian a like an egg, the
English slender a a Dutch skittle, the e a rol-
ling pin, and the double e a cylinder.
Organic Formation of the Consonants.
41. The best method of showing the organ-
ic formation of the consonants will be to class
them into such pairs as they naturally fall into,
and then, by describing one, we shall nearly
describe its fellow ; by which means the la-
bour will be lessened, and the nature of the
consonants better perceived. The conson-
ants that fall into pairs are the following :
p f t t th th k ch — chair.
b v d z zh dh g j—jaif.
42. Holder, who wrote the most elaborate-
y and philosophically upon this subject, tells
us, in his Elements of Speech, that when we
only whisper we cannot distinguish the first
rank of these letters from the second. It is
certain the difference bet\yeen them is very
nice ; the upper letters seeming to have only
•A smarter, brisker appulse of the organs than
the lower ; which may not improperly be dis-
tinguished by sharp and flat. The most
marking distinction between them will be
found to be a sort of guttural murmur, which
precedes the latter letters when we wish to
pronounce them forcibly, but not the former.
Thus, if we close the lips, and put the finger
on them to keep them shut, and strive to
pronounce the p, no sound at all will be
heard ; but in striving to pronounce the b we
shall find a murmuring sound from the throat,
which seems the commencement of the let-
ter; and if we do but stop the breath by
the appulse of the organs, in order to pro-
nounce with greater force, the same may 1*
observed of the rest of the letters.
43. This difference in the formation of these
consonants may be more distinctly perceived
in the * and 2 than in any other of the letters ;
the former is sounded by the simple issue of
the breath between the teeth, without any
vibration of it in the throat, and may be cal-
led a hissing sound ; while the latter cannot
be formed without generating a sound in the
throat, which may be called a vocal sound.
The upper rank of letters, therefore, may be
called breathing consonants ; and the lower,
vocal ones.
44. These observations premised, we may
proceed to describe the organic formation of
each letter.
45. P and B are formed by closing the lips
till the breath is collected, and then letting
it issue by forming the vowel e.
46. F and V are formed by pressing the
upper teeth upon the under lip, and sounding
the vowel e before the former and after the
latter of these letters.
47. T and D are formed by pressing the
tip of the tongue to the gums of the upper
teeth, and then separating them, by pronoun-
cing the vowel e.
48. S and Z are formed by placing the
tongue in the same position as in T and D,
but not so close to the gums as to stop the
breath : a space is left between the tongue and
the palate for the breath to issue, which
forms the hissing and buzzing sound of these
letters.
49. SH heard in musion and zh in evasicn,
are formed in the same seat of sound as s and
z ; but in the former, the tongue is drawn a
little inwards, and at a somewhat greater dis-
tance from the palate, which occasions a ful-
ler effusion of breath from the hollow of the
mouth, than in the latter, which are formed
nearer to the teeth.
50. TH'm think, and the same letters in
that, are formed by protruding the tongue be-
tween the fore teeth, pressing it against the
upper teeth, and at the same time endeavour-
ing to sound the s or z; the former letter to
sound th in think, and the latter to sound th
in that.
51. A' and G hard are formed by pressing
the middle of the tongue to the roof of the
mouth, near the throat, and separating them
a little smartly to form the first, and more
gently to form the last of these letters.
52. CH in chair, and J in jail, are formed
by pressing / to sh, and d to zJt.
53. M is formed by closing the lips, as in P
and B, and letting the voice issue by the nose.
54. NK formed by resting the tongue in
the same position as in Tor D, and breath-
ing through the nose, with the mouth open.
55. L is formed by nearly the same posi-
OF THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF VOWELS.
tion of the organs as t and d, but more with
the tip of the tongue, which is brought a lit-
tle forwarder to the teeth, while the breath
issues from the mouth.
56. R is formed by placing the tongue
nearly in the position of t, but at such a dis-
tance from the palate as suffers it to jar a-
gainst it, when the breath is propelled from
the throat to the mouth.
57. NG in ring, sing, &c. is formed in the
same seat of sound as g hard ; but while the
middle of the tongue presses the roof of the
mouth, as in G, the voice passes principally
through the nose, as in N.
58. Y consonant is formed by placing the
organs in the position of e, squeezing the
tongue against the roof of the mouth, which
produces ee, which is equivalent to initial y
(30).
59. W consonant is formed by placing the
organs in the position of oo, described under
u, and closing the lips a little more, in order
to propel the breath upon the succeeding
vowel which it articulates.
60. In this sketch of the formation and dis-
tribution of the consonants, it is curious to
observe on how few radical principles the al-
most infinite variety of combination in lan-
guage depends. It is with some degree of
wonder we perceive that the slightest aspira-
tion, the almost insensible inflexion of nearly
similar sounds, often generate the most differ-
ent and opposite meanings. In this view of
nature, as in every other, we find uniformity
and variety very conspicuous. The single
fiat, at first impressed on the chaos, seems to
operate on languages ; which, from the sim-
plicity and paucity of their principles, and
the extent and power of their combinations,
prove the goodness, wisdom, and omnipo-
tence of their origin.
61. This analogical association of sounds
is not only curious, but useful : it gives us a
comprehensive view of the powers of the let-
ters ; and, from the small^uumber that are
radically different, enables us to see the rules
on which their varieties depend : it discovers
to us the genius and propensities of several
languages and dialects, and, when authority
is silent, enables us to decide agreeably to a-
nalogy.
62. The vowels, diphthongs, and conso-
nants, thus enumerated and defined, before
we proceed to ascertain their different powers,
as they are differently associated with each
other, it may be necessary to give some ac-
count of those distinctions of sound in the
same vowels which express their quantity as
long or short, or their quality as open or
close, or slender and broad. This will ap-
pear the more necessary, as these distinctions
so frequently occur in describing the sounds
of the vowels, and as they are not unfrequent-
ly used with too little precision by most \vri-r
ters on the subject.
Of the Quantity and Quality of Jrowe/s.
63. The first distinction of sound that seems-
to obtrude itself upon us when we utter the
vowels, is a long and a short sound, accord-
ing to the greater or less duration of time
taken up in pronouncing them. This dis-
tinction is so obvious as to have been adopt-
ed in all languages, and is that to which we
annex clearer ideas than to any other : and
though the short sounds of some vowels have
not in our language been classed, with suffi-
cient accuracy, with their parent long ones,
yet this has bred but little confusion, as vowels
long and short are always sufficiently distin-
guishable ; and the nice appropriation of
short sounds to their specific long ones is not
necessary to our conveying what sound we
mean, when the letter to which we apply
these sounds is known, and its power agreed
upon.
64. The next distinction of vowels into
their specific sounds, which seems to be the
most generally adopted, is that which arises
from the different apertures of the mouth in
forming them. It is certainly very natural,
when we have so many more simple sounds
than we have characters by which to express
them, to distinguish them by that which seems
their organic definition ; and we accordingly
find vowels denominated by the French, ou-
vert and ferine ; by the Italians, aperto and
chiuso ; and by the English, open and sJiut.
65. But whatever propriety there may be
in the use of these terms in other languages,
it is certain they must be used with caution
in English, for fear of confounding them with
long and short. Dr. Johnson and other
grammarians call the a in father the open a.
which may, indeed, distinguish it from the
slender a in paper ; but not from the broad
a in water, which is still more open. Each
of these letters has a short sound, which may
be called a shut sound ; but the long sound
cannot be so properly denominated open, as
more or less broad ; that is, the a in paper,
the slender sound ; the a in father, the broad-
ish or middle sound ; and the a in water, the
broad sound. The same may be observed of
the o. This letter has three long sound;;,
heard in move, note, nor ; which graduate
from slender to broadish, and broad, like the
a. The i also in mine, may be called the
broad i, and that in machine the slender i ;
though each of them is equally long; and
though these vowels that are long may be
said to be more or less open, according to
the different apertures of the mouth in form-
ing them, yet the short vowels cannot be
said to be more or less shut : for as short al-
ways implies shut, (except in verse) though
INFLUENCE OF ACCENT ON THE SOUNDS OF THE VOWELS.
20
long does not always imply open, we must be
careful not to confound long and open, and
close and shut, when we speak of the quan-
tity and quality of the vowels. The truth
of it is, all vowels either terminate a syllable,
or are united with a consonant. — In the first
case, if the accent be on the syllable, the
vowel is long, though it may not be open :
in the second case, where a syllable is termi-
nated by a consonant, except that consonant
l>e r, whether the accent be on the syllable
or not, the vowel has its short sound, which,
compared with its long one, may be called
shut : but as no vowel can be said to be shut
that is not joined to a consonant, all vowels
that end syllables may be said to be open,
whether the accent be on them or not, 550,
651.
66. But though the terms long and short,
as applied to vowels, are pretty generally un-
derstood, an accurate ear will easily perceive
that these terms do not always mean the
long and bhort sounds of the respective
vowels to which they are applied ; for if we
choose to be directed by the ear in denomi-
nating vowels long or short, we must cer-
tainly give these appellations to those sounds
only which have exactly the same radical
tone, and differ only in the long or short e-
inission of that tone. — Thus measuring the
sounds of the vowels by this scale, we shall find
that the long i and y have properly no short
sounds but such as seem essentially distinct
from their long ones ; and that the short sound
of these vowels is no other than the short sound
of e, which is the latter letter in the compe-
tition of the diphthongs, 37.
67. The same want of correspondence in
classing the long and short vowels we find in
a, e, o, and « ; for as the e in theme does not
find its short sound in the same letter in
than, but in the i in him ; so the e in them
must descend a step lower into the province
of a for its long sound in tame. The a in
carry is not the short sound of the a in care,,
but of that in car, father, &c. as the short
broad sound of the a in want, is the true ab-
breviation of that hi waff. The sound of o
in don, gone, &c. is exactly correspondent to
the a in swan, and finds its long sound in the
a in wolf, or the diphthong aw in dawn, lawn,
&c. while the short sound of the o in tone, is
nearly that of the same letter in ton, (a
weight) and corresponding with what is ge-
nerally called the short sound of u in tun
gun, &c. as the long sound of u in pule, musi
find its short sound in the w in pull, bull, &c
for this vowel, like the t and y, being a diph
thong, its short sound is formed from the
Fatter part of the letter equivalent to double
o ; as the word pule, if spelled according to
the sound, might be written peoolc.
IJ8. Another observation preparatory to a
onsideration of the various sounds of th«»
owels and consonants seems to be the inflti-
jnce of the accent ; as the accent or stress
which is laid upon certain syllables has so
jbvious an effect upon the sounds of the let-
ers, that unless we take accent into the ac-
ount, it will be impossible to reason rightly
ipon the proper pronunciation of the Ele-
ments of Speech.
Of the Influence of Accent on the Sound of tht
Letters.
69. It may be first observed, that the exer-
ion of the organs of speech necessary to pro-
duce the accent or stress, has an obvious ten-
dency to preserve the letters in their pure
and uniform sound, while the relaxation or
eebleness which succeeds the accent as na-
urally suffers the letters to slide into a some-
what different sound a little easier to the or-
gans of pronunciation. Thus the first a ir
cabbage is pronounced distinctly with the
true sound of that letter, while the second a
joes into an obscure sound bordering on the
i short, the slenderest of all sounds ; so that
cabbage and village have the a in the last syl-
able scarcely distinguishable from the e and
t in the last syllables of college and vestige.
70. In the same manner the a, e, i, o, and
y, coming before r, in a final unaccented syl-
lable, go into an obscure sound so nearly ap-
proaching to the short «, that if the accent
were carefully kept upon the first syllables
of liar, Her, elixir, mayor, martyr, &c. these
words, without any perceptible change in the
sound of their last syllables, might all be
written and pronounced lieur, licur, elixur,
mayur, inartur, &c.
71. The consonants also are no less alter-
ed in their sound by the position of the ac-
cent than the vowels. The k and * in the
composition of x, when the accent is on them,
in exercise, execute, &c. preserve their strong
pure sound ; but when the accent is on the
second syllable, i» exact, exonerate, &c. these
letters slide into the duller and weaker
sounds of g and 7, which are easier to the
organs of pronunciation. Hence not only
the soft c and the s go into sh, but even the
t, before a diphthong, slides into the same
letters when the stress is on the preceding
syllable. Thus, in society and satiety the c
and t preserve their pure sound, because the
syllables ci and ti have the accent on them ;
but in social and satiate these syllables come
after the stress, and from the feebleness of
their situation naturally fall into the shorter
and easier sound, as if written soshialand sn-
shiate. See the word SATIETY.
A
72. A has three long sounds and two short
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER A.
21
73. The first sound of the first letter in
our alphabet is that which among the Eng-
lish is its name. (See the letter A at the be-
ginning of the Dictionary.) This is what is
called, by most grammarians, its slender
sound, 35. 65. ; we find it in the words lade,
spade, trade, &c. In the diphthong ai we
have exactly the same sound of this letter,
ns in pain, gain, stain, &c. and sometimes in
the diphthong ea, as bear, swear, pear, &c. ;
nay, twice we find it, contrary to every rule of
pronunciation, in the words where and there,
and once in the anomalous diphthong ao in
gaol. It exactly corresponds to the sound of
the French e in the beginning of the words
etrc, and tele,
74. The long slender a is generally pro-
duced by a silent e at the end of a syllable ;
which e not only keeps one single intervening
consonant from shortening the preceding
vowel, but sometimes two : thus we find the
mute e makes of rag, rage, and very impro-
perly keeps the a open even in range, change,
Arc. — See CHANGE. Hat, with the mute e,
becomes hate, and the a continues open, and,
perhaps, somewhat longer in haste, waste,
paste, &c. though it must be confessed this
seems the privilege only of a; for the other
vowels contract before the consonants ng in
revenge, cringe, plunge ; and the ste in our
language is preceded by no other vowel but
this. Every consonant but « shortens every
vowel but a, when soft g and e silent suc-
ceed ; as, bilge, badge, hinge, sponge, &c.
75. Hence we may establish this general
rule : A has the long, open, slender sound,
when followed by a single consonant, and e
mute, as, lade, made, fade, &c. The only ex-
ceptions seem to be, have, are, gape, and
bade, the past time of to bid.
76. A has the same sound, when ending
an accented syllable, as, pa-per, ta-per, spec-
ta-tor. The only exceptions are, fa-Hie r, ma-
tter, wa-ter.
77. As the short sound of the long slender
a is not found under the same character, but
in the short e (as may be perceived by com-
paring mate and met), 67, we proceed to de-
lineate the second sound of this vowel, which
is that heard in father, and is called by some
the open sound, 34 ; but this can never dis-
tinguish it from the deeper sound of the a in
all, ball, &c. which is still more open : by
some it is styled the middle sound of a, as
between the a in pale, and that in wall; it
answers nearly to the Italian a in Toscano,
Romana, &c. or to the final a in the natural-
ized Greek words, papa and mamma; and in
baa, the word adopted in almost all languages
to express the cry of sheep. We seldom find
the long sound of this letter in our language,
except in monosyllables ending with r, nsfar,
tar, mar, &c. and in the word/a<Aer. There
are certain words from the Latin, Italian, and
Spanish languages, biich as lumbago, bravado,
tornado, camisado, farrago, &c. which are
sometimes heard with this sound of a; but
except in bravo, heard chiefly at the theatres,
the English sound of a is preferable in all
these words.
78. The long sound of the middle or Italian
a is always found before r in monosyllables,
as, car, far, mar, &c. before the liquids Im ;
whether the latter only be pronounced, as in
psalm, or both, as in psalmist : sometimes be-
fore If, and Ive, as caff, half, calve, halve, salve,
&c. ; and, lastly, before the sharp aspirated
dental th in bath, path, lath, &c. as in the word
father : this sound of the a was formerly more
than at present found before the nasal liquid
n, especially when succeeded by c, t, or d, as
dance, glance, lance, France, chance, prance,
grant, plant, slant, slander, &c.
79. The hissing consonant s was likewise
a sign of this sound of the a, whether doubled,
as in glass, grass, lass, &c. or accompanied bv
t, as in last, fast, vast, &c. but this pronunc
ation of a seems to have been for some yeai
advancing to the short sound of this letter
as heard in hand, land, grand, &c. and pro
nouncing the a in after, answer, basket, plant,
mast, &c. as long as in half, calf, &c. borders
very closely on vulgarity: it must be observ-
ed, however, that the a before n in monosyl-
lables, and at the end of words, was anciently
written with u after it, and so probably pro-
nounced as broad as the German a ; for Dr.
Johnson observes, " many words pronounced
with a broad were anciently written with au,
as sault, mault, and we still write fault, vault.
This was probably the Saxon sound, for it is
yet retained in the northern dialects, and in
the rustic pronunciation, as maun for man,
kaund for hand." But since the u has va-
nished, the a has been gradually pronounced
slenderer and shorter, till now almost every
vestige of the ancient orthography seems lost;
though the termination mand in command,
demand, &c. formerly written commaund, dc-
maund, still retains the long sound inviolably.*
80. As the mute / in calm, psalm, calf, half,
&c. seems to lengthen the sound of this letter,
so the abbreviation of some words by apostro-
phe seems to have the same effect. Thus
ceeded by M, it, or «, and another consonant, as, past, Litt,
(fc. to which he annexes the long sound of a in father. That this
was the sound formerly, is highly probable, from its being still tht
sound given it by the vulgar, who are generally the last to alter to*
common pronunciation ; but that the short a in these words is now
the general pronunciation of the polite and learned world, seems to
be candidly acknowledged by Mr. Smith himself; and as every cor.
reel ear would be disgusted at giving the a in these words the full
sound of the a In father, any middle sound ought to bedlscounlenanc.
ed, as tending to render the pronunciation of a language obscure cod
indefinite, 163.
aving the
ill, malt, l,alm, and calm. t»
having the tam* dttp teurui.
•2-2
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER A.
when, by impatience, that grand corrupter of
manners as well as language, the HO is cut out
of the word cannot, and the two syllables re-
duced to one, we find the a lengthened to the
Italian or middle a, as cannot, can't ; have not,
ita'nt : thall not, fha'nt, &c. This is no more
than what the Latin language is subject to ;
it being a known rule in that tongue, that
when, by composition or otherwise, two short
syllables become one, that syllable is almost
always long,asn/JMi has the penultimate long
because it comes from aliiut,and the two short
vowels in coago become one long vowel in
cogo, &c.
81. The short sound of the middle or Itali-
an a, which is generally confounded with the
short sound of the slender a, is the sound of
this vowel in num, pan, tan, mat, hat, &c.
\\"e generally find this sound before any two
successive consonants (those excepted in the
foregoing remarks,) and even when it comes
before an r, if a vowel follow, or the r be
doubled ; for if this consonant be doubled,
in order to produce another syllable, the long
sound becomes short, as mar, marry ; car,
earn/, &c. where we find the monosyllable
has the long, and the dissyllable the short
sound ; but if a come before r, followed by
another consonant, it has its long sound, as
in part, partial, &c.
82. The only exception to this rule is in
adjectives derived from substantives ending
in r ; for in this case the a continues long,
as in the primitive. Thus the a in starry, or
full of stars, is as long as in star ; and the a
in the adjective tarry, or besmeared with tar,
is as long as in the substantive tar, though
short in the word tarry, to stay.
83. The third long sound of a is that which
we more immediately derive from our mater-
nal language the Saxon, but which at present
we use less than any other : this is the a in fall,
ball, gall, 33 : we find a correspondent sound
to this a in the diphthongs au and aw, as laud,
Ian; saiv, &c. ; though it must here be noted,
that we have improved upon our German pa-
rent, by giving a broader sound to this letter,
in these words, than the Germans themselves
would do, were they to pronounce them.
84. The long sound of the deep broad Ger-
man a is produced by // after it, as in all,
wall, call ; or, indeed, by one /, and any other
consonant, except the mute labials p, b, f,
and v, as salt, bald, false, falchion, falcon, &c.
The exceptions to this rule are generally
words from the Arabic and Latin languages,
as Alpt, Albion, asphaltic, falcated, salve, cal-
culate, amalgamate, Alec-ran, and Alfred, &c.
the two last of which maybe considered as an-
cient proper names, which have been frequent-
ly latinized, and by this means have acquired
a slenderer sound of a. This rule, however,
must be understood of such syllable* only as
have the accent on them : for when at, fnl
lowed by a consonant, is in the first syllable
of a word, having the accent on the second,"
it is then pronounced as in the first syllables
of al-ley, vat-ley, &c. as alternate, balsamic,
falcade, fa/cation, &c. Our modern orthogra-
phy, which has done its utmost to perplex
pronunciation, has made it necessary to ob-
serve, that every word compounded of a mo-
nosyllable with //, as albeit, a/xo, almost, down-
fall, &c. must be pronounced as if the two
liquids were still remaining, notwithstanding
our word-menders have wisely taken one a-
way, to the destruction both of sound and e-
tymology ; for, as Mr. Elphinston shrewdly
observes, " Every reader, young and old,
must now be so sagacious an analyst as to
discern at once not only what are compounds
and what are their simples, but that al in com-
position is equal to ail out of it ; or in other
words, that it is both what it is, and what it
is not." — Prin. Eng. Language, vol. i. pace
60.— See No. 406.
85. The w has a peculiar quality of broad-
ening this letter, even when prepositive : this
is always the effect, except when the vowel
is closed by the sharp or flat guttural k, or
g, x, ng, nk, or the sharp labial f, as wa.c,
waft, thwack, twang, twank : thus we pro-
nounce the a broad, though short in wad, wan,
want, was, what, &c. and though other letters
suffer the a to alter its sound before //, when
one of these letters goes to the formation of
the latter syllable, as tall, tal-low ; hall, hal-
low; call, cal-loiv, &c. yet we see w preserve
the sound of this vowel before a single con-
sonant, as wal low, swal-low, &c.
86. The q including the sound of the w,
and being no more than this letter preceded
by k, ought, according to analogy, to broaden
every a it goes before, like the w ; thus quan-
tity ought to be pronounced as if written
kwontity, and quality should rhyme \v\\\\ jolli-
ty ; instead of which we frequently hear the
iv robbed of its rights in its proxy ; and qua-
lity so pronounced as to ryhme with legality ;
while to ryhme quantity, according to this af-
fected mode of pronouncing it, we must coin
such words as plantity, and comonantity.
The a in quaver and equator is an exception to
this rule, from the preponderancy of another
which requires a, ending a syllable under the
accent, to have the slender sound of that let-
ter ; to which rule, father, matter, and water,
and, perhaps, quadrant, are the only excep-
tions.
87. The short sound of this broad a is heart!
when it is preceded by w, and succeeded by
a single consonant in the same syllable, as
ival-low, swal-low, &c. or by two consonants
in the same syllable, as want, wast, wasp, &c.
but when /or r is one of the consonants, the
a becomes long, as walk, swarm, &c.
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTEU A.
23
Irregular and unaccented Sounds.
88. But besides the long and short sounds
common to all the vowels, there is a certain
transient indistinct pronunciation of some of
them, when they are not accented, that cannot
be so easily settled: when the accent is not up-
on it, no vowel is more apt to run into thisim-
perfect sound than the a ; thus, the particle a
before participles, in the phrases, a-going,
a-walking, a-shooting, &c. seems, says Dr.
Lowth, to be the true and genuine preposition
un, a little disguised by familiar use and quick
pronunciation : the same indistinctness, from
rapidity and coincidence of sound, has con-
founded the pronunciation of this mutilated
preposition to the ear, in the different ques-
tions, what's o'clock, when we would know
xifrage, umpirage, embassage, hermitage, heri-
tage, parentage, messuage.
91. The a in the numerous termination
ate, when the accent is on it, is pronounced
somewhat differently in different words. If
the word be a substantive, or an adjective,
the a seems to be shorter than when it is a
verb : thus a good ear will discover a differ-
ence in the quantity of this letter, in delicate
and dedicate ; in climate, primate, and •ulti-
mate: and the verbs to calculate, to regulate,
and to speculate, where we find the nouns
and adjectives have the a considerably short-
er than the verbs. Innate, however, pre-
serves the a as long as if the accent were on
it : but the unaccented terminations in ace,
whether nouns or verbs, have the a so short
and obscure as to be nearly similar to the u
the hour, and what's a clock, when we would | in us ; thus, palace, solace, menace, pinnace,
have the description of that horary machine ; populace, might, without any great departure
and if the accent be kept strongly on the first
syllable of the word tolerable, as it always
ought to be, we find scarcely any distinguish-
able difference to the ear, if we substitute u
or o instead of a in the penultimate syllable.
Thus, tolerable, tolerable, toleruble, are exactly
the same word to the ear, if pronounced
without premeditation or transposing the ac
from their common sound, be written pallits,
sollus, &.c. while furnace almost changes the
a into i, and might be written furniss.
92. When the a is preceded by the gut-
turals, hard g or c, it is, in polite pronuncia-
tion, softened by the intervention of a sound
like e, so that card, cart, guard, regard, are
pronounced like ke-ard, kc-art, ghe-ard, re
cent, for the real purpose of distinction ; and i ghe-ard. When the a is pronounced short,
inwards, outivards, &c. might, with respect to
sound, be spelt inwurds, outwards, &c.
Thus the word man, when not under the ac-
as in the first syllable of candle, gander, &c.
the interposition of the e is very perceptible,
and, indeed, unavoidable : for though we
cent, might be written mun in nobleman, hus- \ can pronounce guard and cart without inter-
bandman, woman ; and tertian and quartan,
tertiun, and quartun, &c. The same obser-
vation will hold good in almost every final
syllable where a is not accented, as medal,
dial, giant, bias, &c. defiance, temperance, &c. •
but when the final syllable ends in age, ate,
or ace, the a goes into a somewhat different
sound.— See 90 and 91.
89. There is a corrupt, but a received pro-
nunciation of this letter in the words any,
many, Thames, where the a sounds like short
e, as if written enny, menny, Terns. Catch,
among Londoners, seems to have degenerat-
ed into Ketch ; and says, the third person of
the verb to say, has, among all ranks of peo-
ple, and in every part of the united kingdoms,
degenerated into sez, rhyming withy^z.
90. The a goes into a sound approaching
the short i, in the numerous termination in
age, when the accent is not on it, as cabbage,
village, courage, &c. and are pronounced
nearly as if written cabbige, villige, courige, &c.
The exceptions to this rule are chiefly among
words of three syllables, with the accent on
the first ; these seem to be the following :
Adage, presage, scutage, hemorrhage, vassal-
age, carcilage, guidage, pucilage, mucilage,
cartilage, pupilage, orphanage, villanage. ap-
panage, concubinage, baronage, patronage,
parsonage, personage, equipage, ossijrage, sa-
posing the e, it is impossible to pronounce
garrison and carriage in the same manner.
This sound of the a is taken notice of in
Steele's Grammar, page 49. Nay, Ben Jon-
son remarks the same sound of this letter,
which proves that it is not the offspring of
the present day, 160; and I have the satis-
faction to find Mr. Smith, a very accurate
inquirer into the subject, entirely of my opi-
nion. But the sound of the a, which 1 have
found the most difficult to appreciate, is that
where it ends the syllable, either immediate-
ly before or after the accent. We cannot
give it any of its three open sounds without
hurting the ear: thus, in pronouncing the
words abound and diadem, ay-bound, ab-bound,
and aw-bound ; di-ay-dem, di-ah-dcm, and di-
aw-dem, are all improper; but giving the a
the second or Italian sound, as, ah-bouncl, and
di-ah-dcm, seems the least so. For which rea»
son I have, like Mr. Sheridan, adopted the
short sound of this letter to mark this un-
accented a: but if the unaccented a be final,
which is not the case in any word purely
English, it then seems to approach still near
er to the Italian a in the last syllable of pa-
pa, and to the a in father ; as may be heard"
in the deliberate pronunciation of the words
idea, Africa, Delta, <ic. 88. See the letter
A at the beginning of the Dictionary.
2t
DIFFERENT SOUKDS OF THE LETTER B.
93. The first sound of e is that which it
has when lengthened by the mute e final, as
in glebe, Ihcmc, &c. or when it ends a sylla-
ble with the accent upon it, as, te-cre-tion,
ad-/ie-sion, &c. 36.
94. The exceptions to this rule are, the
words where and there ; in which the first e
is pronounced like a, as if written where and
thare ; and the auxiliary verb were, where
the e has its short sound, as if written werr,
rhyming with the last syllable ofpre-fer, and
ere, (before,) which sounds like air. When
there is in composition in the word therefore,
the e is generally shortened, as in were, but,
in my opinion, improperly.
95. The short sound of e is that heard in
bed, fed, red, wed, &c. ; this sound before r
is apt to slide into short « ; and we some-
times hear mercy sounded as if written mur-
cy .- but this, though very near, is not the
exact sound.
Irregular and unaccented Sounds.
96. The e at the end of the monosyllables
be. he, me, we, is pronounced ee, as if written
bee, hee, &c. It is silent at the end of words
purely English, but is pronounced distinctly
at the end of some words from the learned
languages, as epitome, timile, catastrophe, a-
potlrophe, &c.
97. The first e in the poetic contractions,
eer and ne'er, is pronounced like a, as if
written air and nair.
98. The e in her is pronounced nearly like
short u ; and as we hear it in the unaccented
terminations of writer, reader, &c. pronounc-
ed as if written writur, readur, where we
may observe that the r being only ajar, and
not a definite and distinct articulation like
the other consonants, instead of stopping the
vocal efflux of voice, lets it imperfectly pass,
and so corrupts and alters the true sound of
the vowel. The same may be observed of
the final e after r in words ending in ere, gre,
tre, where the e is sounded as if it were plac-
ed before the r, as in lucre, mattgre, theatre,
&c. pronounced luleur, maugur, theatnr, &c.
— See No. 4 18. It may be remarked, that
though we ought cautiously to avoid pro-
nouncing the e like « when under the accent,
it would be nimit Attice, and border too
much on affectation of accuracy to preserve
this sound of e in unaccented syllables before
r ; and though terrible, where e has the ac-
cent, should never be pronounced as if writ-
ten iurrible, it is impossible, without pedan-
try, to make any difference in the sound of
the last syllable of tplendour and tender, sul-
phur and suffer, or martyr and garter. But
there is R small deviation from rule when
this letter begins a word, and is followed by
a double consonant with the accent on th«
second syllable : in this case we find the
vowel lengthen as if the consonant were sin-
gle.— See EFFACE, DESPATCH, EMBALM.
99. This vowel, in a final unaccented syl-
lable, is apt to slide into the short t: thus,
faces, ranges, praises, are pronounced as if
written faciz, rangiz, praiziz ; poet, covet, li-
nen, duel, &c. as if written poit, covit, linint
duil, &c. Where we may observe, that
though the e goes into the short sound of i,
it is exactly that sound which corresponds to
the long sound of e. — See Port Royal Gram-
maire, Latin, p. 142.
100. There is a remarkable exception to
the common sound of this letter in the words
clerk, serjeant, and a few others, where we
find the c pronounced like the a in dark and
margin. But this exception, I imagine, was,
till within these few years, the general rule
of sounding this letter before r, followed by
another consonant. — See MERCHANT. Thir-
ty years ago every one pronounced the first
syllable o(' merchant like the monosyllable
march, and as it was anciently written mar-
chant. Service and servant are still heard a-
mong the lower order of speakers, as if writ-
ten sarvice and sarvani ; and even among
the better sort, we sometimes hear the salu-
tation, Sir, your sarvantl though this pro-
nunciation of the word singly would be look-
ed upon as a mark of the lowest vulgarity.
The proper names, Derby, and Berkeley,
still retain the old sound, as if written Darby
and Barkeley ; but even these, in polite u-
sage, are getting into the common sound,
nearly, as if written Durby and Burkeley.
As this modern pronunciation of the e has a
tendency to simplify the language by lessen-
ing the number of exceptions, it ought cer
tainly to be indulged.
101. This letter falls into an irregular
sound, but still a sound which is its nearest
relation, in the words England, yes, and pret-
ty, where the e is heard like short i. Vul-
gar speakers are guilty of the same irregula-
rity in engine, as if written itigine ; but this
cannot be too carefully avoided.
102. The vowel e before / and n in the fi-
nal unaccented syllable, by its being some-
times suppressed and sometimes not, forms
one of the most puzzling difficulties in pro-
nunciation. When any of the liquids pre-
cede these letters, the e is heard distinctly,
as, woollen, flannel, women, syren ; but when
any of the other consonants come before
these letters, the c is sometimes heard, as in
novel, sudden ; and sometimes not, as in swi-
vel, raven, &c. As no other rule can be given
for this variety of pronunciation, perhaps the
best way will be to draw the line between
those words where <? is pronounced, and those,
where it is not ; and this, by the help of the
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS E AND /.
25
Rhyming Dictionary. I am luckily enabled
to do. In the first place, then, it may be
observed, the e before /, in a final unaccent-
ed syllable, must always be pronounced dis-
tinctly, except in the following words: She-
kel, weasel, ousel, nousel, (better written nuz-
zle], navel, ravel, snivel, rivel, drivel, shrive/,
shvvel, grovel, hazel, drazel, nozef. The words
are pronounced as if the e were omitted by
an apostrophe, as, shekel, weas'l, ous'l, &c. or
rather as if written shecklc, wcasle, ouste, &c. ;
but as these are the only words of this ter-
mination that are so pronounced, great care
.nust be taken that we do not pronounce
travel, gravel, rebel, (the substantive,) parcel,
rhwpct, and vessel, in the same manner; a
fault to which many are very prone.
103. E before n in a final unaccented syl-
lable, and not preceded by a liquid, must al-
ways be suppressed in the verbal terminations
in en, as to loosen, to hearken, and in other
words, except the following : sudden, myn-
c/ien, kitchen, hyphen, chicken, ticken, (better
written ticking,} jerken, aspen, platen, paten,
marten, latten, patten, leaven, or leven, sloven,
mittent. In these words the e is heard dis-
tinctly, contrary to the general rule which
suppresses the e in these syllables, when pre-
ceded by a mute, as harden, heathen, heaven,
as if written harden, heatli'n, heav'n, &c. j
nay, even when preceded by a liquid in the
words fallen and stolen, where the e is sup-
pressed.asif they were written/a//^ and stall' n :
garden and burden, therefore, are very analo-
gically pronounced garden and burd'n ; and
this pronunciation ought the rather to be in-
dulged, as we always hear the e suppressed
in gardener and burdensome, as if written
gardener and burdensome. — See No. 472.
I(H. This diversity in the pronunciation of
these terminations ought the more carefully
to be attended to, as nothing is so vulgar and
childish as to hear swivel and heaven pro-
nounced with e distinctly, or novel and chick-
en with the e suppressed. But the most
general suppression of this letter is in the pre-
terits of verbs, and in participles ending in ed:
here, when the e is not preceded by d or t,
the e is almost universally sunk, 362, and the
two final consonants are pronounced in one
syllable : thus loved, lived, barred, marred, are
pronounced as if written lovd, livd, bard, mard.
The same may be observed of this letter when
silent in the singulars of nouns, or the first
persons of verbs, as theme, make, &c. which
form themes in the plural, and makes in the
third person, &c. where the last c is silent,
and the words are pronounced in one sylla-
ble. When the noun or first person of the
.Terb ends in y, with the accent on it, the e
is likewise suppressed, as a reply, two rej)lies,
1-e replies, &c. When words of this form
Lave the accent on the preceding syllables,
the e is suppressed, and the y pronounced like
short i, as cherries, marries, carries, &c. pro-
nounced cherriz, marriz, carriz, &c. In the
same manner, carried, married, embodied, &c.
are pronounced as if written carrid, marrid,
embodid, &c. 282. But it must be carefully not-
ed, that there is a remarkable exception to ma-
ny of these contractions when we are pro-
nouncing the language of scripture: here every
participle ed ought to make a distinct syllable,
where it is not preceded by a vowel : thus,
" Who hath believed our report, and to whom
is the arm of the Lord revealed ?" Here the
participles are both pronounced in three syl-
lables; but in the following passage, " Whom
he did predestinate, them he also called ; and
whom he called, them he also justified ; and
whom he justified, them he also glorified"
Called preserves the e, and is pronounced in
two syllables ; and justified and glorified sup-
press the e, and are pronounced in three.
105. This letter is a perfect diphthong,
composed of the sounds of a in father, and e
in /«?, pronounced as closely together as pos-
sible, 37. When these sounds are openJv uro-
nounced, they produce the familiar assent ay;
which, by the old English dramatic writers,
| was often expressed by i : hence we may ob-
! serve, that unless our ancestors pronounced the
; vowel t like the o in oil, the present pronun-
I ciation of the word ay in the House of Com-
! mons, in the phrase the Ayes have it, is con-
i trary to ancient as well as to present usage :
j such a pronunciation of this word is now
! coarse and rustic. The sound of this letter is
i heard when it is lengthened by final e, as time,
thine, or ending a syllable with the accent up-
on it, as ti-tle, di-al ; in monosyllables ending
with nd, as bind, find, mind, &c.; in three
words ending with Id, as child, mild, wild;
and in one very irregularly ending with nt,
as pint, 37.
106. There is one instance where this let-
ter, though succeeded by final e, does not go
into the broad English sound like the noun
eye, but into the slender foreign sound like e.
— This is, in the word shire, pronounced as if
written sheer, both when single, as a knight of
the shire ; or in composition, as in Xotting-
hamshirc, Leicestershire, &c. This is the
sound Dr. Lowth gives it in his Grammar,
page -t : and it is highly probable that the sim-
ple shire acquired this slender sound from its
tendency to become slender in the compounds,
where it is at a distance from the accent, and
where all the vowels have a natural tendency
to become short and obscure. — See SHIRK.
107. The short sound of this letter is heard
in him, thin, &c. and when ending an unac-
cented syllable, as vaji-i-ty, qual-i-ty, Arc.
where though it cannot be properly said to
C
sr,
DIFFERENT SOUNDS
be short, as it is not closed by a consonant,
yet it has but half its diphthongal sound. This
sound is the sound of e, the last letter of the
diphthong that forms the long » ; and it is not
a little surprising that Dr. Johnson should say
that the short i was a sound wholly different
from the long one, 55!.
108. When this letter is succeeded by r,
and another consonant not in a final syllable,
it has exactly the sound of e in vermin, vernal,
ttc. as virtue, virgin, &c. which approaches
to the sound of short «; but when it conies
before r, followed by another consonant in a
final syllable, it acquires the sound of u ex-
actly, as bird, dirt, shirt, squirt, &c. Mirth,
birih, gird, girt, skirt, girl, whirl, and firm,
are the only exceptions to this rule, where i is
pronounced like e, and as if the words were
written merlh, berth, andferm.
109. The letter r, in this case, seems to have
the same influence on this vowel, as it evi-
dently has on a and o. When these vowels
come before double r, or single r, followed
by a vowel, as in arable, carry, marry, orator,
horrid,forage, &c. they are considerably short-
er than when the r is the final letter of the
word, or when it is succeeded by another con-
sonant, as in arbour, car, mar, or, nor, for. In
the same manner, the t, coming before either
double r, or single r, followed by a vowel,
preserves its pure short sound, as in irritate,
spirit, conspiracy, Sec. ; but when r is followed
by another consonant, or is the final letter of
a word with the accent upon it, the i goes in-
to a deeper and broader sound, equivalent to
short e, as heard in virgin, virtue, &c. So
fir, a tree, is perfectly similar to the first syl-
lable of ferment, though often corruptly pro-
nounced like/Mr, a skin. Sir and stir are ex-
actly pronounced as if written Sur and stur.
It seems, says Mr. Nares, that our ancestors
distinguished these sounds more correctly.
Bishop Gardiner, in his first letter to Cheke,
mentions a witticism of Nicholas Rowley, a
fellow Cantab with him, to this effect : " Let
handsome girls be called virgins ; plain ones
vurgins."
" SI pnlcbn ert, virge, tin turpls, ntrgo racetur.-
Which, says Mr. Elphinston, may be modern-
ised by the aid of a far more celebrated line :
" Sweet virgin cm alone the fair nrrat,
Fint If, drgrtr,, and bt**tif*Hy le,, ;
But let the hoyden, homely, rough-hewn turgin,
Kngroa the homage at a Major Sturgeon."
110. The soud oft, in this situation, ought
to be the more carefully attended to, as letting
it fall into the sound of «, where it should
have the sound of e, has a grossness in it ap-
proaching to vulgarity. Perhaps the onl}
exception to this rule'is, where the succeed
ing vowel is u ; for this letter being a semi
consonant, has some influence on the preced-
uig i, though not .so much as a perfect con&o-
OF THE LETTER /.
nant would have. This makes Mr. Sherldan'i
pronunciation of the i in virulent, and its
:ompounds, like that in virgin, less excep-
ionable than I at first thought it ; but since
we cannot give a semi-sound of short t to cor-
respond to the semi-consonant sound of u, I
lave preferred the pure sound, which I think
the most agreeable to polite usage. See
VIr. Garrick's Epigram upon the sound of
;his letter, under the word VIRTUE.
Irregular and unaccented Sounds.
111. There is an irregular pronunciation of
this letter, which has greatly multiplied with-
n these few years, and that is, the slender
sound heard in ee. This sound is chiefly
bund in words derived from the French
and Italian languages ; and we think we
shew our breeding by a knowledge of those
tongues, and an ignorance of our own : —
" Report of fashioru In proud Italy,
\Vhff* manners Mill our tartly apish nation
Limps after. In bate awkward imitation."
Shaktiftan, Richard II.
When Lord Chesterfield wrote his letters to
bis son, the word oblige was, by many polite
speakers, pronounced as if written, obleege, to
»ive a hint of their knowledge of the French
language ; nay, Pope has rhymed it to thii
sound : —
" Dreadlnjr er*n fooh, br flatterers betit^'d,
And so obliging, that he ne'er obiig'd."
But it was so far from having generally ob«
tained, that Lord Chesterfield strictly enjoins
his son to avoid this pronunciation as affected.
In a few years, however, it became so gene-
ral, that none but the lowest vulgar ever pro-
nounced it in the English manner ; but upon
the publication of this nobleman's letters,
which was about twenty years after he wrote
them, his authority has had so much influence
with the polite world as to bid fair for restor-
ing the t, in this word, to its original rights ;
and we not unfrequently hear it now pro-
nounced with the broad English i, in those
circles where, a few years ago, it would have
been an infallible mark of vulgarity. Mr.
Sheridan, W. Johnston, and Mr. Barclay,
give both sounds, but place the sound of ob-
lige first. Mr. Scott gives both, but places
obleege first. Dr. Kenrick and Buchanan
give only oblige; and Mr. Elphinston, Mr.
Perry, and Penning, give only obleege ; but
though this sound has lost ground so much,
yet Mr. Nares, who wrote about eighteen
years ago, says, " oblige still, I think, retains
the sound of long e, notwithstanding the pro-
scription of that pronunciation by the late
Lord Chesterfield."
112. The words that have preserved the
foreign sound of t like ee, are the following :
Ambergris, vcrdegris, antique, becajlco, bomba-
sin, LrasiL, rapid, capuchin, colbertinf,
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER 7.
pine, or chopin, caprice, chagrin, chevaux-de-
frise, critique, (for criticism) festusine, frize,
gabardine, haberdine, sordine, rtigine, trephine,
quarantine, routine, fascine, fatigue, intrigue,
glacis, invalid, machine, magazine, marine, pa- \
lanquin, pique, police, profile, recitative, man-
darine, tabourine, tambourine, tontine, trans-
marine, ultramarine. In all these words, if
for the last i we substitute ee, we shall have
the true pronunciation. In signior the first t
is thus pronounced. Mr. Sheridan pronoun-
ces vertigo and serpigo with the accent on the
second syllable, and the t long, as in tie and
pie. Dr. Kenrick gives these words the
saine accent, but sounds the t as c in tea and
pea. The latter is, in my opinion, the general
pronunciation ; though Mr. Sheridan's is sup-
ported by a very general rule, which is, that
all words adopted whole from the Latin pre-
serve the Latin accent. (503, b.) But if the
English ear were unbiassed by the long t in
Latin, which fixes the accent on the second
syllable, and could free itself from the slavish
imitation of the French and Italians, there is
little doubt but these words would have the
accent on the first syllable, and that the i
would be pronounced regularly like the short
i, as in Indigo and Portico. — See VERTIGO.
113. There is a remarkable alteration in
the sound of this vowel, in certain situations,
where it changes to a sound equivalent to
initial y. The situation that occasions this
change is, when the i precedes another vowel
in an unaccented syllable, and is not preced-
ed by any of the dentals : thus we hear iary
in mil-iary, bH-iary. &c. pronounced as if
written mil-yary, bU-yary, &c. Min-ion, and
pin-ion, as if written min-yon and pin-yon.
In these words the » is so totally altered to
y, that pronouncing the ia and io in separate
syllables would be an error the most palpa-
ble ; but where the other liquids or mutes
precede the t in its situation, the coalition is
not so necessary : for though the two latter
syllables of convivial, participial, &c. are ex-
tremely prone to unite into one, they may,
however, be separated, provided the separa-
tion be not too distant. The same observa-
tions hold good of e, as malleable, pronounc-
ed mal-ya-ble.
114. But the sound of the », the most dif-
ficult to reduce to rule, is when it ends a syl-
lable immediately before the accent. When
either the primary or secondary accent is on
this letter, it is invariably pronounced either
as the long i in title, the short t in tittle, or
the French t in magazine : and when it ends
a syllable after the accent, it is always sound-
ed like e, as, sen-si-ble, ra-ti-fy, &c. But
when it ends a syllable, immediately before
the accent, it is sometimes pronounced long,
as in vi-ta-li-ty, where the first syllable is ex-
actly like the first of vi-al ; and sometimes
27
short, as in di-gest, where the t is pronounced
as if the word were written de-gest. The
sound of the i, in this situation, is so little re-
ducible to rule, that none of our writers on
the subject have attempted it ; and the only
method to give some idea of it, seems to be
the very laborious one of classing such words
together as have the i pronounced in the
same manner, and observing the different
combinations of other letters that may pos-
sibly be the cause of the different sounds ot
this.
115. In the first place, where the i is the
only letter in the first syllable, and the accent
is on the second, beginning with a consonant,
the vowel has its long diphthongal sound, as
in idea, identity, idolatry, idoneous, ira&cible,
ironical, isosceles, itinerant, itinerary. Imagi-
nary and its compounds seem the only excep-
tions. But to give the inspector some idea
of general usage, I have subjoined examples
of these words as they stand in our different
pronouncing Dictionaries : —
idea. Sheridan, Scott, Buchanan, W,
Johnston, Kenrick.
Idea. Perry.
identity. Sheridan, Scott, Buchanan, W
Johnston, Kenrick.
identity. Perry.
idolatry. Sheridan, Scott, Buchanan, W
Johnston, Kenrick.
idolatry. Perry.
iduneous. Sheridan, Kenrick.
Irascible. Sheridan, Scott, W. Johnston,
Kenrick.
irascible. Perry.
isosceles. Sheridan, Scott, Perry.
itinerary. Sheridan, Scott, W. Johnston,
Kenrick.
Itinerary. Perry.
itinerant. Sheridan, Scott, W. Johnston,
Nares.
itinerant. Buchanan, Perry.
116. When » ends the first syllable, and the
accent is on the second, commencing with a
vowel, it generally preserves its long open
diphthongal sound. Thus in di-ameter, di-
urnal, &c. the first syllable is equivalent to the
verb to die. A corrupt, foreign manner of
pronouncing these words may sometimes
mince the i into c, as if the words were writ-
ten de-ametur, de-urnal, &c. but this is disgust-
ing to every just English ear, and contrary to
the whole current of analogy. Besides, the
vowel that ends and the vowel that begins a
syllable are, by pronouncing the t long, kept
more distinct, and not suffered to coalesce,
as they are apt to do if i has its slender
sound. This proneness of the e, which is ex-
actly the slender sound of i, to coalesce with
the succeeding vowel, has produced such
monsters in pronunciation as joggraphy and
jommetry, for geography, and geometry, and
jorgics, for georgict. The latter of ti.tse
28 DIFFEBENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER f.
words is fixed in this absurd pronunciation ci-Iiciotts and ci-nerii/ent, though otherwise
without remeily ; but the two former seem ' marked by Mr. Sheridan. Ci-barious and i-i-
recovering their right to four syllables; though lotion have the » long.
Mr. Sheridan has endeavoured to deprive
them of it, by spelling them with tore?
122. Cli before the accent has the t long,
as cli-macter ; but when the accent is on the
Hence we may observe, that those who wish ; third syllable, as in climacteric, the i is short-
to pronounce correctly, and according to a- ened by the secondary accent. See 530.
iiulosiv, ought to pronounce the first syllable
of biography, as the verb to buy, and not as it'
written bcography.
117. When i ends an initial syllable with-
out the accent, and the succeeding syllable
begins with a consonant, the i is generally
slender, as if written e. But the exceptions
to this rule are so numerous, that nothing but
a catalogue will give a tolerable idea of the
state of pronunciation in this point.
118. When the prepositive bi, derived
from bit (twice), ends a syllable immediately
before the accent, the i is long and broad, in
order to convey more precisely the specific
meaning of the syllable. Thus, bi-capsiJar,
bi-cipital, bi-cipitous, bi-cornout, bi-corporal,
tii-dcntal, bi-farious, bi-furcated, bi-linguous,
bi-nocular, bi-pennated, bi-petalous, bi-quadrate,
have the i long. But the first syllable of the
words bitumen, andbitumenous, having no such
signification, ought to be pronounced with
the i short. This, is the sound Buchanan has
given it ; but Sheridan, Kenrick, and W.
Johnston, make the i long, as in bible.
1 1 9. The same may be observed of words
beginning with tri, having the accent on the
second syllable. Thus, tn-bunal, tri-corjioral,
tri-chotomy, tri-gintals, have the i ending the
first syllable long, as in tri-al. To this class
ought to be added, di-petalous and di-lemma,
though the i in the first syllable of the last
word is pronounced like e, and as if written
de-lemma, by Mr Scott and Mr. Perry, but
long by Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, and Bu-
chanan ; and both way's by W. Johnston, but
placing the short first. And hence we may
conclude.that the verb to bi-tect,imd the noun
the first syllable pronounced like buy, as Mr.
Scott and Dr. Kenrick have marked it,
though otherwise marked by Mr. Sheridan,
Mr. Perrv, and Buchanan.
1 20. When the first syllable is chi, with the
accent on the second, the i b generally long,
as, chi-ragrical, chi-rurgic, chi-rurgeon, chi-
rograpAut, chi-rographer, chi-rography. Chi-
mera, and chimerical have the i most frequent-
ly short, as pronounced by Buchanan, and
Perry; though otherwise marked by Sheri-
dan, Scott, W. Johnston, and Kenrick ; and,
indeed, the short sound seems now establish-
ed. Chicane and chicanery, from the French,
have the i always short, or more properly
blender.
121. Ci before the accent has the i general
ly short, as, ci-vi/ian, ci-vidd/, and I think
123. Cri before the accent has the i gene-
rally long, as, cri-nigeroiu, cri-terion ; though
we sometimes hear the latter as if written
cre-terion, but I think improperly.
124. Di before the accented syllable, be-
ginning with a consonant, has the i almost
always short ; as, digest, digestion, digress, di-
gression, dilute, dilution, diluvian, dimension,
dimensive, dimidiation diminish, diminutive, di-
ploma, direct, direction, diversify, diversifica-
tion, diversion, diversity, divert, divertisement,
drvcrtive, divest, divesture, divide, dividable,
dividant, divine, divinity, divisible, divisibility,
divorce, dimtlgc. To these, I think, may be
added, didacity, didactic, dilacerate, dilacera-
tion, dilaniate, dilapidation, dilate, dilatable,
dihttability, direction, dilucid, dilucidate, diluci-
dation, dinetical, dinumeration, diverge, diver-
gent, divan ; though Mr. Sheridan has mark-
ed the first i in all these words long, some of
them may undoubtedly be pronounced either
way; but "why he should make the i in di-
ploma long, and W. Johnston should give it
both waj-s, is unaccountable ; as Mr. Scott,
Buchanan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Perry, and the
general usage, is against them. Diaeresis and
dioptrics have the t long, according to the ge-
neral rule (116,) though the last is absurdly
made short by Dr. Kenrick, and the diphthong
is made long in the first by Mr. Sheridan,
contrary to one of the most prevailing idioms
in pronunciation ; which is, the shortening
power of the antepenultimate accent, (503.)
Let it not be said that the diphthong must
be always long, since C&sarea, and Dcedalus,
have the <s always short.
125. The long t, in words of this form,
bi-section, ought to have the i at the end of seems confined to the following ; dieladiation,
^1 C. * II II I 1*1 . ' "
dijudication, dinumeration, divaricate, direp-
tion, diruption. Both Johnson and Sheri-
dan, in my opinion, place the accent of the
word didascdlic improperly upon the second
syllable: it should seem more agreeable to
analogy to class it with the numerous ter-
minations in ic, and place the accent on the
penultimate syllable, (509 ;) and, in this case,
the i in the first will be shortened by the se-
condary accent, and the syllable pronounced
like did (527.) The first t in dimissory, mark-
ed long by Mr. Sheridan, and with the ac-
cent on the second syllable, contrary to Dr.
Johnson, is equally erroneous. The accent
ought to tie on the first syllable, and the t
short, as on the adjective dim. See Possr.s-
SORY.
126. Fi, before the accent, onght always
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OP THE LETTER T.
to l>e short : this is the sound we generally
give to the t in the first syllable of fi-dclity ;
nnd why we should give the long sound to
the i in fiducial and fiduciary, as marked by
Mr. Sheridan, I know not : he is certainly
erroneous in marking the first i in frigidity
long, and equally so in placing the accent up-
on the last syllable of finite. Finance has the
t short universally.
127. Gigantic has the i in the first syllable
always long.
128. Li has the t generally long, as li-ba-
Kon, li-brafian, li-bratiim, li-centious, li-pothy-
my, li-quescent, li-thography, li-t/tvtomy. Li-
tigious has the i in the first syllable always
short. The same may be observed of libidin-
ous, though otherwise marked by Mr. Sheri-
dan,
129. Mi has the i generally short, as in
minority, militia, mimographer, minacious, mi-
nority^ miraculous ; though the. four last are
marked with the long i by Mr. Sheridan :
and what is still more strange, he marks the
», which has the accent on it, long in minato-
ry ; though the same word, in the compound
comminatvry, where the * is always short,
might have shown him his error. The word
mimetic, which, though in very good use, and
neither in Johnson nor Sheridan, ought to be
pronounced with the first i short, as if writ-
ten mim-et-ic. The t is generally long in mi-
crometer, micrography, and migration.
130. Ni has the t long in nigrescent. The
first t in nitrification, though marked long by
Mr. Sheridan, is shortened by the secondary
accent (527,) and ought to be pronounced as
if divided into nig-ri-Ji-cation.
131. Phi has the a generally short, as in
philanthropy, phi!ippic,philosvphcr,philosiyphy,
philosophize ; to which we may certainly add,
philologer, philologist, philology, philological,
notwithstanding Mr. Sheridan has marked
the i in these last words long.
132. Pi and pli have the i generally short,
as, pilaster, pituitout, pilosity, plication. Pi-
aster and piazza, being Italian words, have
the i short before the vowel, contrary to the
analogy of words of this form (116,) where
the i is long, as in pi-ocular, pri-ority, &c.
Piratical ha* the i marked long by Mr. She-
ridan, and short by Dr. Kenrick. The for-
mer is, in my opinion, more agreeable both
to custom and analogy, as the sound of the
i before the accent is often determined by
the sound of that letter in the primitive word.
133. Pri has the i generally long, as in
primeval, primevous, primitial, primcro, pri-
mnrdial, privado, privation, privative, but al-
ways short in primitive and primer.
134. Ri has the i short, as in ridiculous.
Rigidity is marked with the t long by Mr.
Sheridan, and short by Dr. Kenrick : the
i long in the first syllable, in compliment to
rival, as piratical has the i long, because de-
rived from pirate. Rhinoceros has the i long
in Sheridan, Scott, Kenrick, W. Johnston,
and Buchanan ; and short in Perry.
135. Si has the t generally short, as simili-
tude, siriasis, and ought certainly to- be short
in siliciotis, (better written cilicious,) though
marked long by Mr. Sheridan. Simultaneotut
having the secondary accent on the first syl-
lable, does not come under this head, but re-
tains the i long, notwithstanding the shorten-
ing power of the accent it is under. (527.)
136. Ti has the t short, as in timidity.
137. Tri has the i long, for the same rea-
son as bi, which see, (1 18) (1 19.)
138. Vi has the i so unsettled as to puz-
zle the correctest speakers. The i is gene-
rally long in vicarious, notwithstanding the
short i in vicar. It is long in vibration, from
its relation to vibrate. Vitality has the i long
like vital. In vivifick, vivificate, and vivipa-
rous, the first t is long, to avoid too great a
sameness with the second. Vivacious and vi-
vacity have the i almost as often long sis
short ; Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Dr.
Kenrick, make the i in vivacious long, and
Mr. Perry and Buchanan, short; Mr. Sheri-
dan, Mr. Scott, and W. Johnston, make the
i in the first of vivacity long, and Perry and
Buchanan, short : but the short sound seems
less formal, and most agreeable to polite usage.
Vicinity, vicinal, vicissitude , vituperate, vimi-
neous, and virago, seem to prefer the short »',
though Mr. Sheridan has marked the three
last words with the first vowel long. But
the diversity will be best seen by giving the
authorities for all these words : —
Vicinity. Dr Kenrick.
Vicinity. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Buchanan,
W. Johnston, and Perry.
Vicinal. Mr. Sheridan.
Vicissitude. Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick W
Johnston, Buchanan, and Perry.
Vituperate, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, and W.
Johnston.
Vitu]M>ratc. Mr. Perry.
Vlmineous, Mr. Sheridan-.
Virago. Mr. Sheridan, and W. Johnston.
Vtmgo. Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, Buchanan,
and Perry.
I have classed vicinal here as a word with
the accent on the second syllable, as it stands
in Sheridan's Dictionary, but think it ought
to have the accent on the first. See MEDI-
CINAL.
139. The same diversity and uncertainty
in the sound of this letter, seem to reign in
those final unaccented syllables which are
terminated with the mute e. Perhaps the
best way to give some tolerable idea of the
analogy of the language in this point, will be,
• .- t' __-_ VCJ v' *-»«v i.*,»»j£. i.«n^v* *J1 IJU0 IJl/AKJty Will ltC9
latter is undoubtedly right. Rivali'y ha* the to shew the general rule, and mark the ex.
30
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER I.
oeptions; though these are sometimes so
numerous as to make us doubt of the rule it-
self: therefore the best way will be to give
a catalogue of both.
140. There is one rule of very great ex-
tent, in words of this termination, which have
the accent on the penultimate syllable, and
that is, that the t in the final syllable of these
words is short : thus tervile, hostile, respite,
deposits, adamantine, amethystine, &c. are pro-
nounced as if written servil, hostil, respit, de-
derived from them ; and this tendency is a
sufficient reason for pronouncing the words
projectile, tractile, and insectlle with the t
short, though we have no classical Latin words
to appeal to, from which they are derived.
141. But when the accent is on the last
syllable but two, in words of this termination,
the length of the vowel is not so easily ascer-
tained.
142. Those ending in ice, have the t short,
except sacrifice and cockatrice.
posit, &c. The only exceptions in this nu- I 143. Those ending in %de have the » long,
merous class of words seem to be the follow- i notwithstanding we sometimes hear suicide
ing : Exile, senile, edile, empire, umpire, ram- absurdly pronounced, as if written suicid.
•jrire, finite, feline, ferine, archives; and the
substantives, confine and supine: while thead-
144. Those ending in ife, have the i long,
except housewife, pronounced huzziff", accord-
jectives, saline and contrite have sometimes j ing to the general rule, notwithstanding the
•' t in wife is always long. Midwife is some-
the accent on the first, and sometimes on the
last syllable ; but in either case the i is long.
Quagmire and pismire have the i long also ;
likewise has the j long but otherwise has it
more frequently, though very improperly,
short. Myrrhine, vulpine, and gentile, though
marked with the t long by Mr. Sheridan,
ought, in my opinion, to conform to the ge-
neral rule, and be pronounced with the i
short. Vulpine, with the i long, is adopted
by Mr. Scott ; and W. Johnston, Mr. Scott,
and Buchanan, agree with Mr. Sheridan in
the last syllable of gentile ; and this seems a-
greeable to general usuage, though not to a-
nalogy. See the word.
That the reader may have a distinct view
of the subject, I have been at the pains of
collecting all our dissyllables of this termina-
tion, with the Latin words from which they
are derived, by which we may see the corre-
spondence between the English and Latin
quantity in these words : —
flablle .fldbllis.
deblle ....debllis
reptile repMis.
sculptlle, sculptllis.
fertile, .fertllit.
mobile, mobllis.
sorblle sorbllis.
nubile,. nubllis.
facile, facllis.
graclle, .graMis.
docile docllis.
agile agilis.
fragile fragllis.
pensile .pensVis.
tortile tortllti.
scisstle, scissllit.
mis-ale mj«r/i.«.
tactile, tacttlii.
fictile .Jicttlu.
ductile Muctllis.
In this list of Latin
ten of them with th
and four of them wit
bie long, in the Engli
senile, and virile. It
the short i, in the La
utlle utllis.
gentile gentllis.
aedile eedllis.
senile, sentlis.
febrile,. .febrllis.
virile virilis.
subtile, subaiis.
coctile, coctllis.
quinfile quinttlis.
hostile hoxOlis.
servile, servtlis.
sextile,. sextllit.
adjectives, we find only
e penultimate i long;
i the i in the last sylla-
sh words gentile, ced;ley
is highly probable that
tin adjectives, was thf
times shortened in the same manner by the
vulgar ; and se'nnigkt for sevennight is gone
irrecoverably into the same analogy ; though
fortnight for fourteentknig/et is more frequently
pronounced with the i long.
145. Those ending in He have the i short,
except reconcile, chanwmile, estipile. Juve-
nile, mercantile, and puerile, have the i long
in Sheridan's Dictionary, and short in Ken-
rick's. In my opinon the latter is the much
more prevalent and polite pronunciation ;
but infantile, though pronounceable both
ways, seems inclinable to lengthen the i in
the last syllable. See JUVENILE.
146. In the termination ime, pantomime
has the i long, rhyming with time ; and mari-
time has the i short, as if written maritim.
147. Words in ine, that have the accent
higher than the penultimate, have the quan-
tity of t so uncertain, that the only method
to give an idea of it will be to exhibit a ca-
talogue of words where it is pronounced dif-
ferently.
148. But first it may not be improper to
see the different sounds given to this letter
in some of the same words by different ortho-
epists : —
Columbine. Sheridan, Nares, \V. Johnston.
Columbine. Kenrick, Perry.
Saccharine. Sheridan, Nares.
Saccharine. Kenrick, Perry.
Saturnine. Sheridan, Nares, Buchanan.
Saturnine. Kenrick. Perry.
Melntflne. Kenrick.
Metalline. Sheridan, W. Johnston, P,
Crystalline. Kenrick.
Crystalline. Sheridan, Perry.
Uterine. Sheridan, Buchanan, \V. Johnston.
Uterine. Kenrick, Scott, Perry.
149. In these words I do not hesitate to
pronounce, that the general rule inclines
evidently to the long j, which, in doubtful
cases, ought always to be followed ; and for
which reason I shall enumerate those words
rry.
cause of adnntin* fhu ; '""•" -1111:11 reason i snail enumerate those wont*
Uoptmg this , m the English words | first where I judge the i ought to be pro-
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LF.TTr.U 1.
flounced long: Cannabine, carabine, colum-
bine, bizanline, gelatine, fegatine, o.vyrrhodinc,
concubine, muscadine, incarnadine, celandine,
ctlmandine, secundine, amygdaline, crystalline,
vituline, calamine, asinine, saturnine, sacc/ta-
'•ine, adulterine, vipcrine, uterine, lamenting,
irmentine, serpentine, turpentine, vespertine,
belluine, porcupine, countermine, leonine, sap-
phirine, and metalline,
150. The words of this termination, where
the t is short, are the following : Jacobine,
medicine, discipline, masculine, jessamine, fe-
minine, heroine, nectarine, libertine, genuine,
hyaline, palatine. To these, I think, ought
to be added, alkaline, aquiline, coralline, brig-
antine. eglantine: to this pronunciation of
the t, the proper names, Valentine and Con-
stantinc, seem strongly to incline ; and on the
stage, Cymbetine has entirely adopted it.
Thus we see how little influence the Latin
language has on the quantity of the i, in the
final syllable of these words. It is a rule in
that language, that adjectives ending in His or
inus, derived from animated beings or proper
names, with the exception of very few, have
this i pronounced long It were to be wish-
ed this distinction could be adopted in Eng-
lish words from the Latin, as in that case we
might be able, in time, to regularize this very
irregular part of our tongue ; but this alter-
ation would be almost impossible in adjec-
tives ending in ive, as relative, vocative, fugitive,
&c. have the t uniformly short in English,
and long in the Latin relativus, vocativus,fu-
gitivus, &c.
151. The only word ending in ire, with
the accent on the antepenultimate syllable,
is acrospire, with the i long, the last syllable
sounding iike the spire of a church.
152. Words ending in ise, have the t short,
when the accent is on the last syllable but
one, as, franchise, except the compounds end-
ing in wixe, as, likewise, lengthwise, &c. as
marked by Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, and Bu-
chanan ; but even among these words we
sometimes hear otherwise pronounced other-
viz, as marked by Mr. Sheridan and W.
Johnston ; but, I think, improperly.
153. When the accent is on the last sylla-
ble but two in these words, they are invaria-
bly pronounced with the i long, as, criticise,
equalise.
154. In the termination tte, when the ac-
cent is on it, the t is always long, as, requite.
When the accent is on the last syllable but
one, it is always short, as, respite, (140,) pro-
nounced as if written respit, except contrite
and crinite ; but when the accent is on the
last syllable but two, the i is generally long :
the exceptions, however, are so many, that a
catalogue of both will be the bes* rule.
155. The i is long in expedite, recondite,
incondite, hermaphrodite, Carmelitt-, theodolite,
cosmopolite, chrysolite, eremite, aconite, war-
garite, marcasite, parasite, appetite, bipartite,
tripartite, quadripartite, convertite, anchorite,
pituite, satellite. As the last word stands in
Kenrick's Dictionary sa-tell-it, having the t
short, and the accent on the second syllable,
it is doubly wrong. The i in the last syllable
is shortened also by W. Johnston and Perry,
but made long, as it ought to be, by Mr. She-
ridan, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Nares. See RE-
CONDITE.
156. The » is short in cucurbite, ingcnite,
definite, indefinite, infinite, hypocrite, favourite,
requisite, pre-requuite, perquisite, exquisite,
apposite, and opposite. Heteroclite has the i
long in Sheridan, but short in Kenrick. The
former is, in my opinion, the best pronuncia-
tion, (see the word in the Dictionary;) but
ite, in what may be called a gentile termina-
tion, has the i always long, as in Hivite, Sam-
nite, cosmopolite, bedlamite, &c.
157. The termination ive, when the accent
is on it, is always long, as in hive, except in
the two verbs, give, live, and their compounds,
giving, living, &c. for the adjective live, as, a
live animal, has the i long, and rhymes with
strive; so have the adjective and adverb,
lively and livelily : the noun livelihood follows
the same analogy ; but the adjective live-long,
as, the live-long day, has the i short, as in the
verb. When the accent is not on the » in
this termination, it is always short, as, spor-
tive, plaintive, &c. rhyming with give, ( \ 50,)
except the word be a gentile, as in Arg'ive.
158. All the other adjectives and substan-
tives of this termination, when the accent is
not on it, have the i invariably short, as, of-
fensive, defensive, &c. The i in salique is short,
as if written sallick, but long in oblique, rhym-
ing with pike, strike, &c. while antique has
the i long and slender, and rhymes with speak.
Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Perry,
Buchanan, and Barclay, have obleek for ob-
lique ; Mr. Scott has it both ways, but gives
the slender sound first ; and Mr. Sheridan,
Mr. Nares, and W. Johnston, obllke. The
latter is, in my opinion, more agreeable to
polite usage, but the former more analogical ;
for as it comes from the French oblique, we
cannot write it ob/ike, as Mr. Nares wishes,
any more than antique, antike, for fear of de-
parting too far from the Latin antiquus and
obliquus. Opaque, Mr. Nares observes, has
become opakc ; but then it must be remem-
bered, that the Latin is opacus, and not opa-
cuut.
159. All the terminations in he have the i
long, except to endemze ; which, having the
accent on the second syllable, follows the
general rule, and has the t short, pronounced
as the verb is, (140.) To these observations
we may add, that though evil and devil sup-
press the ^ as if written cv'i and dev'l, yet
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS / AND (J.
that cavil and pencil preserve its sound dis-
tinctly; and that Latin ought never to be
pronounced as it is generally at schools, as
if written Latfn. Cousin and cozen, both
tlrop the last vowels, as if spelled cuzz'n, and
are only distinguishable to the eye.
Thus we see how little regularity there is
in the sound of this letter, when it is not un-
der the accent, and, when custom will per-
mit, how careful we ought to be to preserve
the least trace of analogy, that " confusion
may not be worse confounded." The sketch
that has been just given may, perhaps, afford
something like a clue to direct us in this la-
byrinth, and it is hoped it will enable the ju-
dicious speaker to pronounce with more cer-
tainty And decision.
160. It was remarked under the vowel A,
that when a hard g or c preceded that vowel,
a sound like e interposed, the better to unite
the letters, and soften the sound of the con-
sonant. The same may be observed of the
letter /. When this vowel is preceded by g
hard, or k, which is but another form for
hard c, it is pronounced as if an e were in-
serted between the consonant and the vowel :
thus, sky, kind,guide, guise, disguise, catechise,
guile, beguile, mankind, are pronounced as if
written ske-y, ke-ind, gue-ise, dis-gue-ise, cat-
c-che-ise, gue-ile, be-gue-Ue, man-ke-ind. At
first we are surprised that two such different
letters as a and » should be affected in the
same manner by the hard gutturals, g, c, and
k; but when we reflect that i is really com-
posed of a and e, (37), our surprise ceases ;
and we are pleased to find the ear perfectly
uniform in its procedure, and entirely unbi-
assed by the eye. From this view of the a-
nalogy we may see how greatly mistaken is a
very solid and ingenious writer on this sub-
iect, who says, that " ky-ind for kind, is a
monster of pronunciation, heard only on our
stage." Nare's English Orthoepy, page 28.
Dr. Beattie, in his Theory of Language,
takes notice of this union of vowel sounds,
page 266. See No. 92.
It may not, perhaps, seem unworthy of
notice, that when this letter is unaccented in
the numerous terminations ify, Ale, &c. it is
frequently pronounced like short u, as if the
words sensible, visible, &c. were written sen-
tubb/c, visubble, &c. and charity, chastity, &c.
like charutty, chastutty, &c. ; but it may be
observed, that the pure sound of i like e in
these words, is as much the mark of an ele-
gant speaker, as that of the u in singular, e-
ducate, &c. See No. 179.
O.
161. Grammarians have generally allowed
this letter but three sounds. Mr. Sheridan
instances them in not, note, prove. For i
fourth, I have added the o in love, dove, &c.
for the fifth, that in or, nor, for ; and a sixth,
that in woman, wolf, &c,
162. The first and only peculiar sound of
this letter is that by which it is named in the
alphabet : it requires the mouth to be form-
ed, in some degree, like the letter, in order
to pronounce it. This may be called its long
open sound, as the o in prove may be called
its long slender sound, (65). This sound we
find in words ending with silent e, as tone,
bone, alone ; or when ending a syllable with
the accent upon it, as mo-tion, po-tcnt, &c.
likewise in the monosyllables, go, so, no. This
sound is found under several combinations
of other vowels with this letter, as in moan,
groan, bow, (to shoot with), law (not high,)
and before st in the words host, ghost, post,
most, and before ss in gross.
163. The second sound of this letter is
called its short sound, and is found in not,
got, lot, &c. ; though this, as in the other short
vowels, is by no means the short sound of
the former long one, but corresponds exact-
ly to that of a, in what, with which the words
not, got, lot, are perfect rhymes. The long
sound, to which the o in not and sot are
short ones, is found under the diphthong au
in naught, and the ou in sought ; correspond-
ing exactly to the a in hall, ball, &c. The
short sound of this letter, like the short
sound of a \nfathcr, (78} (79) is frequently,
by inaccurate speakers, and chiefly those a-
mong the vulgar, lengthened to a middle
sound approaching to its long sound, the o
in or. This sound is generally heard, as in
the case of a, when it is succeeded by two
consonants : thus Mr. Smith pronounces
broth, froth, and moth, as if written braivth,
frawth, and rnawth. Of the propriety or im-
propriety of this, a well-educated ear is the
best judge ; but, as was observed under the
article A (79), if this be not the sound heard
among the best speakers, no middle sound
ought to be admitted, as good orators witt
ever incline to definite and absolute sounds,
rather than such as may be called nondescripts
in language.
164. The third sound of this letter, as was
marked in the first observation, may be call-
ed its long slender sound, corresponding to
the double o. The words where this sound
of o occurs are so few, that it will be easy to
give a catalogue of them : prove, move, be-
hove, and their compounds, lose, do, ado,
Rome, po/lron, ponton, sponton, who, whom,
womb, tomb. Sponton is not in Johnston ;
and this and the two preceding words ought
rather to be written with oo in the last sylla,
ble. Gold is pronounced like goold in fami-
liar conversation ; but in verse and solemn
language, especially that of the scripture,
ought always to rhyme with old, fold, &<s
See ENCORE, GOLD, and WIND.
SOUNDS OF THE LETTEH 0.
33
165. The fourth sound of this vowel is
that which is found in love, dove, &c. ; and the
Ions; sound, which seem.s the nearest relation
to it, is the first sound of o in note, (one, rove,
&c. This sound of o is generally heard when
it is shortened hy the succeeding liquids n, m,
r, and the semi-vowels v, z, th ; and as Mr.
Nares has given a catalogue of those words,
I shall avail myself of his labour. Above,
affront, allonge, among, amongst, attorney,
bomb, bombard, borage, borough, brother, cochi-
neal, colour, come, comely, comfit, comfort, com-
pany, compass, comrade, combat, conduit, coney,
conjure, constable, covenant, cover, covert, covet,
covey, cozen, discomfit, done, doth, dost, dove,
dozen, dromedary, front, glove, govern, honey,
hover, love, Monday, money, mongrel, monk,
monkey, month, mother, none, nothing, one,
onion, other, oven, plover, pomegranate, pom-
mel, pother, romage, shove, shovel, sloven, smo-
t/ier, some, Somerset, son, sovereign, sponge,
stomach, thorough, ton, tongue, word, ivork,
wonder, world, worry, worse, worship, wort,
worth: to which we may add, rhomb, ones,
comfrey, and colander.
166. In these words the accent is on the o
in every word, except pomegranate : but with
very few exceptions, this letter has the same
sound in the unaccented terminations, oc, ock,
od, ol, om, on, op, or, ot, and some ; as, mam-
mock, cassock, method, carol, kingdom, union,
amazon, gallop, tutor, turbot, troublesome, &c.
all which are pronounced as if written mam-
muck, cassuck, mcthud, &c. The o in the ad-
junct monger, as cheesemonger, &c. has always
this sound. The exceptions to this rule are
technical terms from the Greek or Latin, as
achor, a species of the herpes; and propel
names, as, Color, a river in Italy.
167. The fifth sound of o, is the long sounc
produced by r final, or followed by another
consonant, as, for, former. This sound
perfectly equivalent to the diphthong an ; ant
for and former might, on account of sounc
only, be written four, and faurmer. There
and that in formal, as in the word for : but
n orifice, and forage, where the r is followed
jy a vowel, the o is as short as if the r were
ioubled, and the words written orrifice and
forrage. See No 81.
169. There is a sixth sound of o exactly
corresponding to the u in bull, full, pull, &c.
which, from its existing only in the following
words, may be called its irregular sound.
These words are, woman, bosom, worsted,
•volf, and the proper names, Wolsey, Worces-
ter, and Wolverhampton.
Irregular and unaccented Sounds.
170. What was observed of the a, when
followed by a liquid and a mute, may be ob-
served of the o with equal justness. This
letter, like a, has a tendency to lengthen,
when followed by a liquid and another con-
sonant, or by s, sg, or * and a mute. But
this length of o, in this situation, seems every
day growing more and more vulgar : and, as
it would be gross, to a degree, to sound the
a in castle, mask, and plant, like the « in
palm, psalm, &c. so it would be equally ex-
ceptionable to pronounce the o in moss, dross,
and frost, as if written mawse, drawse, and
frowst, (78) (79). The o in the compounds
of solve, as, dissolve, absolve, resolve, seem the
only words where a somewhat longer sound
of the o is agreeable to polite pronunciation :
on the contrary, when the o ends a syllable,
immediately before or after the accent, as in
po-lite, im-po-tent, &c. there is an elegance in
giving it the open sound nearly as long as in
po-lar, andpo-tent, &c.
LECT, and COMMAND.
See DOMESTIC, COL-
It may likewise be
observed, that the o, like the e, (102,) is sup-
pressed in a final unaccented syllable when
preceded by c or k, and followed by «, as.
bacon, beacon, deacon, beckon, reckon, pro-
nounced bak'n, beak'n, deak'n, bcck'n, reck'n;
and when c is preceded by another conso-
nant, as, falcon, pronounced fawk'n. The o
is likewise mute in the same situation, when
are many exceptions to this rule, as, borne, preceded by d in pardon, pronounced pard'n,
corps, corse, force, forge, form, (a seat,) fort, but not in guerdon: it is mute when preced-
horde, porch, port, sport, &c. which have the
first sound of this letter.
168. 0, like A, is lengthened before r, when
terminating a monosyllable, or followed by
another consonant ; and, like a too, is short-
ened by a duplication of the liquid, as we may
hear by comparing the conjunction or with
the same letters in torrid, florid, &c. ; for
though the r is not doubled to the eye in
florid, yet, as the accent is on it, it is as ef-
fectually doubled to the ear as if written
flornd ; so, if a consonant of another kind
succeed the ;• in this situation, we find the o
ed by p in weapon, capon, &c. pronounced
weap'n, cap'n, &c. ; and when preceded by s
in reason, season, 'reason, oraison, benison, de-
nison, unison, foison, poison, prison, damson,
crimson, advoivson, pronounced reaz'n, treaz'n,
&c. and mason, bason, garrison, lesson, capa-
rison, comparison, disinherison, parson, and
person, pronounced mas'n, bas'n, &c. Uni-
son, diapason, and cargason, seem, particular-
ly in solemn speaking, to preserve the sound
of o like u, as if written unizun, diapazun, &c.
The same letter is suppressed in a final un-
accented syllable beginning with /, as, seton,
- as long as in a monosyllable : thus, the o in cotton, button, mutton, glutton, pronounced as
orchard is as long as in the conjunction o" .if written sct'n, cotfn, &c. When x pre-
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS 0 AND C*.
cedes the t, the o is pronounced distinctly,
as in sexton. When / is the preceding letter,
the o is generally suppressed, as in the pro-
per names, Stilton cheese, Wilton carpets,
and Melton Mowbray, &c. Accurate speak-
ers sometimes struggle to preserve it in the
name of our great epic poet, Milton; but
the former examples sufficiently shew the
tendency of the language ; and this tenden-
cy cannot be easily counteracted. This let-
ter is likewise suppressed in the last syllable
of blazon, pronounced blazon; but is always
to be preserved in the same syllable of hori-
zon. This suppression of the o must not be
ranked among those careless abbreviations
found only among the vulgar,but must be con-
sidered as one of those devious tendencies to
brevity, which has worn itself a currency in
the language, and has at last become a part
of it. To pronounce the o in those cases
where it is suppressed, would give a singular-
ity to the speaker bordering nearly on the
pedantic; and the attention given to this
singularity by the hearer, would necessarily
diminish his attention to the subject, and
consequently deprive the speaker of something
much more desirable.
U.
171. The first sound of u, heard in tube, or
ending an accented syllable, as in cu-bic, is a
diphthongal sound, as if e were prefixed, and
these words were spelt tewbe and keivbic.
The letter u is exactly the pronoun you.
172. The second sound of M is the short
sound which tallies exactly with the o in done,
ton, &c. which every ear perceives might, as
well, for the sound's sake, be spelt dun, sun,
&c. See all the words where the o has this
sound, No. 165.
173. The third sound of this letter, and
that in which the English more particularly
depart from analogy, is th« u in bull, full,
pull, &c. The first or diphthongal u in tube
seems almost as peculiar to the English as
the long sound of the » in thine, mine, &c. ;
but here, as if they chose to imitate the La-
tin, Italian, and French K, they leave out the
e before the u, which is heard in lube, mule,
&c. and do not pronounce the latter part of
K quite so long as the oo in pool, nor so short
as the u in dull, but with a middle sound be-
tween both, which is the true short sound of
the oo in coo and woo, as may be heard by
comparing tooo and wool; the latter of which
is a perfect rhyme to bull.
174. This middle sound of u, so unlike the
genera sound of that letter, exists only in
! following words : bull, full, pull; words
compounded of full, as wonderful, dreadful,
&c. bullock, bully, bullet, bulwark, fuller, ful-
, pulley, pullet, push, bush, bushel, pal.
pit, pints, bullion, butcher, cushion, cuckoo, pud-
ding, sugar, hussar, huzza, and put when a
verb : but few as they are, except full, which
is a very copious termination, they are suffi-
cient to puzzle Englishmen who reside at
any distance from the capital, and to make
the inhabitants of Scotland and Ireland
(who, it is highly probable, received a much
more regular pronunciation from our ances-
tors,) not unfrequently the jest of fools.
175. But vague and desultory as this
sound of the u may at first seem, on a closer
view we find it chiefly confined to words
which begin with the mute labials, b, p, f,
and end with the liquid labial /, or the den-
tals s, t, and d, as in bull, full, pull, bush, push,
pudding, puss, put, &c. Whatever, there-
fore, was the cause of this whimsical devia-
tion, we see its primitives are confined to a
very narrow compass : put has this sound
only when it is a verb ; for putty, a paste for
glass, has the common sound of u, and rhymes
exactly with nutty, (having the qualities of a
nut;) so put, the game at cards, and the
vulgar appellation of country put, follow the
same analogy. All butt's compounds regu-
larly follow their primitive; as, bull-baiting,
bull-beggar, bull-dog, &c. But though fuller,
a whitener of cloth, and Fulham, a proper
name, are not compounded of full, they are
sounded as if they were; while Putney fol-
lows the general rule, and has its first sylla-
ble pronounced like the noun put. Pulpit
and pullft comply with the peculiarity, on
account of their resemblance to pull, though
nothing related to it ; and butcher and puss
adopt this sound of u for no other reason but
the nearness of their form to the other words;
and when to these we have added cushion,
sugar, cuckoo, hussar, and the interjection
huzza, we have every word in the whole lan-
guage where the u is thus pronounced.
176. Some speakers, indeed, have attempt-
ed to give bulk and punish this obtuse sound
of n, but luckily have not been followed.
The words which have already adopted it are
sufficiently numerous ; and we cannot be too
careful to check the growth of so unmeaning
an irregularity. When this vowel is preced-
ed by r in the same syllable, it has a sound
somewhat longer than this middle sound, and
exactly as if written oo: thus rue, true, &c.
are pronounced nearly as if written roo, troo,
&c. (339).
177. It must be remarked, that this sound
of u, except in the word fuller, never extends
to words from the learned languages ; for,
fulminant, fulmination, ebullition, repulsion,
'^sepulchre, &c. sound the u as in dull, gu/l,&c.
; and the u in pus and pustule is exactly like
.the same letter in thus. So the pure Eng-
jlish words, fulsome, buss, butge, bustle, bustard,
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS U AND F.
35
buzzard, preserve the « in its second sound,
as, us, hull, and custard. It may likewise
not be unworthy of remark, that the letter u
is never subject to the shortening power of
either the primary or secondary accent ; but
when accented, is always long, unless short-
ened by a double consonant. See the words
DRAMA and MUCULENT, and No. 503, 53i.
Irregular and unaccented Sounds.
178. But the strangest deviation of this
letter from its regular sound is in the words
busy, business, and bury. We laugh at the
Scotch for pronouncing these words, as if
written bewsy, bewsiness, beivry ; but we
ought rather to blush for ourselves in de-
parting so wantonly from the general rule as
to pronounce them bizzy, bizness, and berry.
179. There is an incorrect pronunciation
of this letter when it ends a syllable not un-
der the accent, which prevails not only a-
mong the vulgar, but is sometimes found in
better company ; ami that is, giving the u an
obscure sound, which confounds it with
vowels of a very different kind : thus we
not ^infrequently hear singular, regular, and
particular, pronounced as if written sing-e-
lar, reg-c-lar, and par-tick-e-lar ; but nothing
tends more to tarnish and vulgarize the pro-
nunciation than this short and obscure sound
of the unaccented u. It may, indeed, be ob-
served, that there is scarcely any thing more
distinguishes a person of mean and good e-
ducation than the pronunciation of the un-~
accented vowels, (547) (558.) When vowels
are under the accent, the prince, and the
lowest of the people in the metropolis, with
very few exceptions, pronounce them in the
same manner ; but the unaccented vowels in
the mouth of the former have a distinct, o-
pen, and specific sound, while the latter often
totally sink them, or change them into some
other sound. Those, therefore, who wish to
pronounce elegantly, must be particularly at-
tentive to the unaccented vowels ; as a neat
pronunciation of these forms one of the great-
est beauties of speaking.
Y final.
180. Y final, either in a word or syllable,
is a pure vowel, and has exactly the same
sound as i would have in the same situation.
For this reason, printers, who have been the
great correctors of our orthography, have sub-
stituted the i in its stead, on account of the
too great frequency of this letter in the Eng-
lish language. That y final is a vowel, is
universally acknowledged ; nor need we any
other proof of it than its long sound, when
followed by e mute, as in thyme, rhyme, &c.
or ending a syllable with the accent upon it,
as buying, cyder, &c. ; this may be called its
first vowel sound.
181. The second sound of the vowel y is
its short sound, heard in system, syntax, &c.
Irregular and unaccented Sounds.
182. The unaccented sound of this letter
at the end of a syllable, like that of » in the
same situation, is always like the first sound
of e : thus vanity, pleurisy, &c., if sound a-
lone were consulted, might be written vani-
tee, pleurisee, &c.
183. The exception to this rule is, when/
precedes the y in a final syllable, the y is then
pronounced as long and open as if the accent
were on it : thus justify, qualify, &c. have
the last syllable sounded like that in defy
This long sound continues when the y is
changed into i, in justifiable, qualifiable, &c.
The same may be observed of multiply and
multipliable, &c. occupy and occupiable, &c.
(512.)
184. There is an irregular sound of this
letter when the accent is on it, in panegyric,
when it is frequently pronounced like the se-
cond sound of e: which would be more cor-
rect if its true sound were preserved, and it
were to ryhme with pyrrhic : or as Swift does
with satiric : —
" On me when dunces are satiric,
." I take it for a pantgyric.1*
Thus we see the same irregularity attends
this letter before double r, or before single r,
followed by a vowel, as we find attends the
vowel t in the same situation. So the word
syrinx ought to preserve the y like i pure,
and the word syrtis should sound the y like e
short, though the first is often heard impro-
perly like the last.
185. But the most uncertain sound of this
letter is, when it ends a syllable immediately
preceding the accent. In this case it is sub-
ject to the same variety as the letter i in the
same situation, and nothing but a catalogue
will give us an idea of the analogy of the
language in this point.
1 86. The y is long in chylaceous, but short-
ened by the secondary accent in chylifaction
and chylifactive, (530,) though, without the
least reason from analogy, Mr Sheridan has
marked them both long.
187. Words composed of hydro, from the
Greek ffiuo, water, have the y before the ac-
cent generally long, as hydrography, hydro-
grapher, hydrometry, hydropic ; all which
have the y long in Mr. Sheridan but hydro-
graphy, which must be a mistake of the press ;
and this long sound of y continues in hydro-
static, in spite of the shortening power of the
secondary accent, (530.) The same sound of
y prevuils in hydraulics and hydatides. Hy-
grometer and liygrometry seem to follow the
same analogy, as well as hyperbola and hy-
perbole ; which are generally heard with th<j
y long ; though Kenrick has marked the
36 DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF Tttfe l.KTTERS X AND W.'
latter short. Hypostasis and hypotenuse ed to o at the end of a syllable, without at
ouu;ht to have they long likewise. In hypo-, feeling the sound of that vowel ; and in this
thesis they is more frequently short than long; situation it may be called servile, as in bow,
and in hypothetical it is more frequently long (to shoot with,) crow, low, not high, #r
than short ; but hypocrisy has the first y al-
ways short. Myrabulan and myropolist may DIPHTHONGS,
have the i/ either long or short. Mythology ,nn A ,. i.., . , ,,
has the first y generally short, and n/ytho/o^- .190' A fyjthoiigis a double vowel, or the
cat, from the shortening power of the seco&n- ™, or ******* vowels pronounced
durv accent, (530,) almost always. Phytivo- j °getne.r» so as on]y to make one syllable ; as
ro«i, phytograph,,, phytology, have the first $e ^10 ?tf' °f f ' °e> °r "> the Greek "' the
T t / i c. * • English az, au, &c.
y always long. In phylactery the first y is — - -'
generally short, and in physician always. Py-
lorus has the y long in Mr. Sheridan, but, I
think, improperly. In pyramidal he marks
the y long, though, in my opinion, it is gene-
rally heard short, as in pyramid. In pyrites,
with the accent on the second syllable, he
marks the y short, much more correctly than
Kenrick, who places the accent on the first
syllable, and marks the y long. (See the
word.) Synodic, synodical., synonyma, and sy-
no])sis, have the y always short : Synechdoche
ought likewise to have the same letter short,
as we find it in Perry's and Kenrick's Dic-
tionaries ; though in Sheridan's we find it
long. Typography and typographer ought
to have the first y long, as we find it in She-
ridan, Scott, Buchanan, W. Johnston, Ken-
rick, and Perry, though frequently heard
short ; and though tyrannical has the y mark-
ed short by Mr. Perry, it ought rather to
have the long sound, as we see it marked
by Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Buchanan, W.
Johnston, and Kenrick.
188. From the view that has been taken
of the sound of the t and y immediately be-
fore the accent, it may justly be called the
most uncertain part of pronunciation. Scarce-
ly any reason can be given why custom pre-
fers one sound to the other in some words ;
and why, in others, we may use either one or
the other indiscriminately. It is strongly to
be presumed that the i and y, in this situation,
particularly the last, was generally pronounc-
ed long by our ancestors, but that custom
nas gradually inclined to the shorter sound
as more readily pronounced, and as more like
191. This is the general definition of a
diphthong ; but if we examine it closely, we
shall find in it a want of precision and accu-
syllable after the accent ; and, perhaps, we
should contribute to the regularity of the lan-
guage, if, when we are in doubt, we should
rather incline to the short than the long
sounds of these letters.
W final
189. That w final is a vowel, is not disput-
ed (9;) when it is in this situation, it is equi-
valent to oo / as may be perceived in the
sound of vow, tow-el, &c. ; where it forms a
real diphthong, composed of the a in wa-ter,
and the oo in woo and coo. It is often join-
ist.
racy.* If a diphthong be two vowel sounds
in succession, they must necessarily form two
syllables, and therefore, by its very definition,
cannot be a diphthong; if it be such a mix-
ture of two vowels as to form but one sim-
ple sound, it is very improperly called a diph-
thong ; nor can any such simple mixture ex-
192. The only way to reconcile this seem-
ing contradiction, is to suppose that two vo-
cal sounds iff succession were sometimes pro-
nounced so closely together as to form only
the time of one syllable in Greek and Latin
verse. Some of these diphthongal syllables
we have in our own language, which only
pass for monosyllables in poetry ; thus hire
(wages,) is no more than one syllable in verse,
though perfectly equivalent to higher (more
high,) which generally passes for a dissyllable :
the same may be observed of dire and dyer,
hour and power, &c. This is not uniting two
vocal sounds into one simple sound, which
is impossible, but pronouncing two vocal
sounds in succession so rapidly and so close-
ly as to go for only one syllable in poetry.
193. Thus the best definition I have found
of a diphthong is that given us by Mr. Smith,
in his Scheme for a French and English Dic-
tionary. " A diphthong (says this gentleman)
I would define to be two simple vocal sounds
uttered by one and the same emission of
breath, and joined in such a manner that each
loses a portion of its natural length ; but from
the junction produceth a compound sound,
equal in the time of pronouncing to either of
them taken separately, and so making still
but one syllable.
194. " Now if we apply this definition
(says Mr. Smith) to the several combinations
that may have been laid down and denomi-
nated diphthongs by former orthoepists, I be-
lieve we shall find only a small number of
them meriting this name." As a proof of the
truth of this observation, we find that most of
those vocal assemblages that go under the
We see how man; disputes the simple and amlnguons nature at
rels created among grammarians, and how it has he^ot Ihe mMak*
.irermng diphthongs : all that arc proj>erl;r so are sellable*, uni! not
diphthongs, as intended to be signified bj that word «o«ti.
DIFFEKE.NT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS AE, AI.
37
name of diphthongs, emit but a simple sound,
and that not compounded of the two vowels,
but one of them only, sounding long ; thus
pain and pane, pail and pale, hear and here,
are perfectly the same sounds.
195. These observations naturally lead us
to a distinction of diphthongs into proper and
improper : the proper are such as have two
distinct vocal sounds, and the improper such
as have but one.
196. The proper diphthongs are,
ea ocean. 10.... question, oy boy.
en feud. oi • vr ic-e. na assuago.
ew jewel <>u pound. u?...mansuetude.
ia ...poniard. «v>, now ui languid.
in. ...spaniel.
' In this assemblage it is impossible not to
tee a manifest distinction between those
which begin with e or i, and the rest. In those
beginning with either of these vowels we find
a squeezed sound like the commencing or
consonant y interpose, as it were, to articulate
the latter vowel, and that the words where
these diphthongs are found, might, agree-
bly to the sound, be spelt oshe-yan, f-yudc,
j-ycwel, pan-yard, span-yel, path-yon, &c.;
and as these diphthongs (which, from their
commencing with the sound of y consonant,
may not improperly be called semi- consonant
diphthongs') begin in that part of the mouth
where *, c soft, and t, are formed, we find
that coalescence ensue which forms the as-
pirated hiss in the numerous terminations
gion, tion, tial, &c. ; and by direct consequence
in those ending in ure, une, as, future, fortune,
&c. ; for the letter u, when long, is exactly
one of these semi-consonant diphthongs (8 ;)
and coming immediately after the accent it co-
alesces with the preceding s, c, or t, and draws
it into the aspirated hiss of sh, or tsh, (459.)
Those found in the termination ious may be
called semi-consonant diphthongs also, as the
o and u have but the sound of one vowel. It
may be observed too, in passing, that the rea-
son why in mantitetude the s does not go in-
to sh, is, because when « is followed by ano-
ther vowel in the same syllable, it drops its
consonant sound at the beginning, and be-
comes merely double o.
197. The improper diphthongs are,
AE.
oe
..Csesar.
ea .
clean.
ft'....
friend
01
aim.
ee..
reed
oa ..
coat
no ....
....gaol.
ei..
ceiling
oe...
ceconomy.
au
..taught.
e >..
people.
oo...
moon
aw
law.
(•;/.
they.
nil'..
crow
198. The triphthongs having but two
KHinds are merely ocular, and must there-
fore be classed with the proper diphthongs : —
aye (for ever.) I euu plenteous, j iV«/ view.
cau beauty. | ieu adieu. | oeu manoeuvre.
Of all these combinations of vowels we shall
treat in their alphabetical order.
1 99. Ae or as is a diphthong, says Dr. John-
son, of very frequent use in the Latin lan-
guage, which seems not properly to have any
place in the English ; since the <E of the Sax-
ons has been long out of use, being changed
to e simple ; to which, in words frequently
occurring, the CE of the Romans is, in the
same manner, altered, as in equator, equinoc-
tial, and even in Eneas.
200. But though the diphthong <E is per-
fectly useless in our language, and the sub-
stitution of e in its stead, in Cesar and Eneas,
is recommended by Dr. Johnson, we do not
find his authority has totally annihilated it,
especially in proper names and technical terms
derived from the learned languages. Caesar
JEneas, JEsop, pecan, tether, JEthiop't mine-
ral, amphisbaena, anacephaj&osis, aphceresis,
tzgi/ops, ozcena, &c. seem to preserve the
diphthong, as well as certain words which
are either plurals or genitives, in Latin words
not naturalised, as, cornucopias, exuviae, aqua
vit<£, minutiae, stride, &c.
201. This diphthong, when not under the
accent, in Michaelmas, and when accented
in Daedalus, is pronounced like short e: it is,
like e, subject to the short sound when under
the secondary accent, as in JEnobarbits,
where ten, in the first syllable, is pronounced
exactly like the letter n, (530.)
AI.
202. The sound of this diphthong is exact-
ly like the long slender sound of a; thus
pail, a vessel, and pale, a colour, are perfect-
ly the same sound. The exceptions are but
few.
203. When said is the third person preter-
im perfect tense of the verb to say, at has the
sound «f short e, and said rhymes with bed ;
the same sound of ai may be observed in the
third person of the present tense saith, and
the participle said: but when this word is an
adjective, as the said man, it is regular, and
rhymes with trade.
204. Plaid, a striped garment, rhymes
with mad.
205. Raillery is a perfect rhyme to satary,
and raisin, a fruit, is pronounced exactly like
reason, the distinctive faculty of man. See
both these words in the Dictionary.
206. Again and against sound as if written
agcn and agenst.
207. The aisle of a church is pronounced
exactly like isle, an island ; and is sometiir.cs
written He.
208. When this diphthong is in a final un-
accented syllable, the a is sunk, and the i
pronounced short : thus, mountain, fountain,
captain, curtain, villain, are all pronounced ai
u" written tnounlin,f<iuiitin, caj)tin, curlin, vil
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS AO, AU, AW AY.
iin ; but when the last word takes an addi-
tional syllable, the i is dropped, and the a
has its short sound, as, villanous, villany. See
the words in the Dictionary.
209. The ai in Britain has the short sound
approaching to «, so common with all the
vowels in final unaccented syllables, and is
pronounced exactly like Briton.
210. Plait, a fold of cloth, is regular, and
ought to be pronounced like plate, a dish ;
pronouncing it so as to rhyme with meat is a
vulgarism, and ought to be avoided.
211. Plaister belongs no longer to this class
of words, being now more properly written
plaster, rhyming with caster.
AO.
212. This combination of vowels in a diph-
thong is only to be met with in the word gaol,
now more properly written as it is pronounc-
ed, jail.
AU.
ly real exceptions to this sound of a in the
whole list; and as these words are chiefly
confined to tragedy, they may^be allowed to
" fret and strut their hour upon the stage"
in the old traditionary sound of awe.
217. This diphthong is pronounced like
long o, in hautboy, as if written ho-boy ; and
like o short in cauliflower, laurel, and lauda-
num ; as if written colliflower, lorrel. and lod-
danum. In gauge, au has the sound of slen-
der a, and rhymes with page.
218. There is a corrupt pronunciation of
this diphthong among the vulgar, which is,
giving the au in daughter, sauce, saucer, and
saucy, the sound of the Italian a, and nearly
as if written darter, sarce, sarcer, and sarcy ;
but this pronunciation cannot be too care-
fully avoided. Au in sausage also, is sound-
ed by the vulgar with short a, as if written
sassagc ; but in this, as in the other words,
au outfit to sound awe. See the words in
the Dictionary.
213. The general sound of this diphthong is
that of the noun awe, as, taught, caught, &c
or of the a in hall, ball, &c.
214. When these letters are followed by n
and another consonant, they change to the
second sound of a, heard in far, farther, &c. ;
thus, aunt, askaunce, askaunt, flaunt, haunt,
gauntlet, jaunt, haunch, launch, craunch, jaun-
dice, laundress, laundry, have the Italian sound
of the a in the last syllable of papa and mam-
ma. To these, I think, ought to be added,
daunt, paunch, gaunt, scad saunter, as Dr. Ken-
rick has marked them with the Italian a, and
not as if written dawnt, pawnch, &c. as Mr.
Sheridan sounds them. Maund, a basket, is
always pronounced with the Italian a, and
nearly as if written marnd; for which rea-
»on, Maundy Thursday, which is derived
from it, ought, with Mr. Nares, to be pro-
nounced in the same manner, though gene-
rally heard with the sound of aw. To maun-
der, to grumble, though generally heard as
if written mawnder, ought certainly to be
pronounced, as Mr. Nares has classed it,
with the Italian a. The same may be ob-
served of taunt, which ought to rhyme with
aunt, though sounded tawnt by Mr. Sheri-
dan ; and being left out of the above list,
jupposed to be so pronounced by Mr. Nares.
215. Laugh and draught, which are very
properly classed by Mr. Nares among those
words which have the long Italian a in fa-
ther, are marked by Mr. Sheridan with his
first sound of a in hat, lengthened into the
sound of a in father, by placing the accent
on it. Staunch is spelled without the u bj
Johnson, and therefore improperly classed by
Mr. Nares in the above list.
216. Vaunt and avaunt seem to be the on-
219. Has the long broad sound of a in ball,
with which the word bawl is perfectly iden-
tical. It is always regular.
AY.
220. This diphthong, like its near relation
ai, has the sound of slender a in pay, day, &c.
and is pronounced like long e in the word
quay, which is now sometimes seen written
'cey ; for if we cannot bring the pronuncia-
:ion to the spelling, it is looked upon as some
improvement to bring the spelling to the pro-
nunciation : a most pernicious practice in
language. See BOWL.
221. loflay (to strip off the skin,) also, is
corruptly pronounced flea ; but the diph-
thong in this word seems to be recovering
its rights.
222. There is a wanton departure from
analogy in orthography, by changing the y in
this diphthong to » in the words paid, said,
laid, for payed, sayed, and layed. Why these
words should be written with i, and thus
contracted, and played, prayed, and delayed,
remain at large, let our wise correctors of or-
thography determine. Stayed also, a parti-
cipial adjective, signifying steady, is almost
always written staid.
223. When aye comes immediately after
the accent in a final syllable, like ai, it drops
the former vowel, in the colloquial pronun-
ciation of the days of the week. Thus, a*
we pronounce captain, curtain, &c. as if writ-
ten captin, curtin, &c. ; so we hear Sunday,
Monday, &c. as if written Sundy, Mundy,
&c. A more distinct pronunciation of day*
in these words, is a mark of the northern di-
alect, (208).
224. The familiar assent, ay for yes, is a
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS AYE AND EA.
combination of the long Italian a in the last |
syllable of papa, and the first sound of e. If i
we give the a the sound of that letter in ball, \
the word degenerates into a coarse rustic j
pronunciation. Though, in the House of
Commons, where this word is made a noun,
we frequently, but not correctly, hear it so
pronounced, in the phrase, The ayes have it.
AYE.
225. This triphthong is a combination of
the slender sound of a, heard in pamper, and
the e in me-trc. The word which it com-
poses, signifying ever, is almost obsolete.
EA.
226. The regular sound of this diphthong
is that of the first sound of e in here ; but
its irregular sound of short e is so frequent,
as to make a catalogue of both necessary ;
especially for those who are unsettled in the
pronunciation of the capital, and wish to
practise in order to form a habit.
227. The first sound of ea is like open e,
and is heard in the following words : Afeard,
ajfear, anneal, appeal, appear, appease, aread,
nrrear, beacon, beadle, beadroll, beads, beads-
man, beagle, beak, beaker, beam, bean, beard,
bearded, beast, beat, beaten, beaver, beleaguer,
beneath, bequeath, bereave, besmear, bespeak,
bleach, bleak, blear, bleat, bohca, breach, bream,
to breathe, cease, cheap, cheat, clean, cleanly,
(adverb,) clear, clearance, cleave, cochineal,
colleague Conceal, congeal, cream, creak, crease,
creature, deacon, deal, dean, deanery, dear,
decease, defeasance, defeasible, defeat, demean,
demeanor, decrease, dream, drear, dreary, each,
eager, eagle, eagre, ear, east, easier, easy, to
cat, eaten, eaves, entreat, endear, escheat, fear,
fearful, feasible, feasibility, feast, feat, feature,
flea, fleam, freak, gear, gleam, glean, to grease,
grease, greaves, heal, heap, hear, heat, heath,
lieathen, heave, impeach, increase, inscam, in-
terleave, knead, lea, to lead, leaf, league, leak,
lean, lease, leash, leasing, least, leave, leaves,
mead, meagre, meal, mean, meat, measles,
meathe, neap, near, neat, pea, peace, peak, peal,
pease, peat, plea, plead, please, reach, to read,
ream, reap, rear, rearward, reason, recheat,
rcdstreak, release, repeal, repeat, retreat, reveal,
screak, scream, seal, sea, seam, seamy, sear,
searcloth, season, seat, shear, shears, sheath,
sheathe, theaf, sleazy, sneak, sneaker, sneakup,
gjteak, spear, steal, steam, streak, streamer,
streamy, surcease, tea, teach, tead, league, teal,
learn, tear, (substantive,) tease, teat, treacle,
treason, treat, treatise, treatment, treaty, twcag,
tweak, tweague, veal, underneath, uneasy, un-
reave, uprear, weak, weaken, weal, weald,
wean, weanling, weariness, wearisome, weary,
weasand, weasel, weave, wheat, wheat, wheaten,
weak, wreath, wreathe, wrcathy, yea, year,
yeanling, yearling, yearly, zeal.
228. In this catalogue we find beard and
bearded sometimes pronounced as if written
herd and berded ; but this corruption of the
diphthong, which Mr. Sheridan has adopted,
seems confined to the stage. See the word.
229. The preterimperfect tense of eat is
sometimes written ate, particularly by Lord
Boliugbroke, and frequently, and, perhaps
more correctly, pronounced el, especially in
Ireland ; but eaten always preserves the ea
long.
230. Ea In fearful is long when it signifies
timorous, arid short when it signifies terrible,
as if written fcrful. See the word.
231. To read, is long in the present tense,
and short in the past and participle, which
are sometimes written red.
232. Teat, a dug, is marked by Dr. Ken-
rick, Mr. Elphinston, and Mr. Nares, with
short e, like tit; but more properly by Mr.
Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Mr. Per-
ry, and Mr. Smith, with the long e, ryhming
with meat.
233. Beat, the preterimperfect tense, and
the participle of to beat, is frequently pro-
nounced in Ireland like bet (a wager,) and if
utility were the only object of language, this
would certainly be the preferable pronuncia-
tion, as nothing tends more to obscurity than
words which have no different forms for their
present and past times ; but fashion in this, as
in many other cases, triumphs over use and
propriety ; and bet, for the past time and par-
ciple of beat, must be religiously avoided.
234>. Ea is pronounced like the short e in
the following words : Abreast, ahead, already,
bedstead, behead, bespread, bestead, bread,
breadth, breakfast, breast, breath, cleanse,
cleanly, (adjective,) cleanlily, dead, deadly,
deaf, deafen, dearth, death, carl, earldom, ear-
ly, earn, earnest, earth, earthen, earthly, endea-
vour, feather, head, heady, health, heard, hearse,
heaven, heavy, jealous, impearl, instead, lead,
(a metal,) leaden, leant, (past time and parti-
ciple of to lean,) learn, learning, leather, lea-
ven, meadoiv, meant, measure, pearl, peasant,
pheasant, pleasant, pleasantry, pleasure, read,
! (past time and participle,) readily, readiness,
ready, realm, rehearsal, rehearse, research,
; seamstress, scarce, search, spread, stead, stead-
\fast, steady, stealth, stealthy, sweat, sweaty,
thread, thrcaden, threat, threaten, treachery,
tread, treadle, treasure, uncleanly, wealth,
wealthy, weapon, weather, yearn, zealot, zeal-
ous, zealously.
235. I have given the last three words,
compounded of zeal, as instances of the short
; sound of the diphthong, because it is certainly
the more usual sound ; but some attempts
have lately been made in the house of Com-
mons, to pronounce them long, as in the noun.
It is a commendable zeal to endeavour to
reform the language as well as the constitu
40 DIFFF.IIEXT SOUNDS OF THt DfPHTHONGS EAU, ER, P.I
lion; but whethcr.ifthesewords were altered, lish triphthong, being found only in xvonh
it would be a real reformation, may admit of derived from that language. Its sound is that
some dispute. See Enclitical Termination, of long open o, as beau, bureau, flambeau, port-
No. 515, and the word ZEALOT.
i mantcau. In beauty, and its compounds, it
236. Heard, the past time and participle of has the first sound of u as if written bcwty.
ir. is sometimes corruntlv pronounced <
hear, is sometimes corruptly pronounced with
the diphthong long, so as to ryhme with
rcar'd; but this is supposing the verb to be
regular; which, from the spelling, is evidently
not the case.
237. It is, perhaps, worth observation, that
when this diphthong comes before r, it is
apt to slide into the short u, which is un-
doubtedly very near the true sound, but not
exactly : thus, pronouncing earl, earth, dearth,
as if written, url, urth, durth, is a slight devi-
ation from the true sound, which is exactly
that of i before r, followed by another conso-
nant, in virtue, virgin ; and that is the true
oond
(108.)
of short e, in vermin, vernal, &c.
238. Leant, the past time and participle of
to lean, is grown vulgar : the regular form
Iranrd is preferable.
239. The past time and participle of the
verb to leap, seems to prefer the irregular
form ; therefore, though we almost always
hear to leap, rhyming with reap, we gene-
EE.
246. This diphthong, in all words except
those that end in r, has a squeezed sound of
long open e, formed by a closer application
of the tongue to the roof of the mouth, than
in that vowel singly, which is distinguishable
to a nice ear, in the different sounds of the
verbs lofee and to meet, and the nouns flea
and meat. This has always been my opinion ;
but, upon consulting some good speakers on
the occasion, and in particular Mr. Garrick,
who could find no difference in the sounds of
these words, I am less confident in giving it
to the public. At any rate the difference is
but very trifling, and I shall therefore consi-
der ee as equivalent to the long open e.
247. This diphthong is irregular only in
the word breeches, pronounced as if written
britches. Cheesecake, sometimes pronounced
chizcake, and breech, britch, 1 look upon as
vulgarisms. Beelzebub, indeed, in prose, ha«
generally the short sound of e, in bell: and
ally hear leaped written and pronounced when these two letters form but one syllable,
leapt, rhyming with wept.
240. Ea is pronounced like long slender a
in bare, in the following words : bear, bearer,
break, forbear, forswear, great, pear, steak,
swear, to tear, wear.
241. The word great is sometimes pro-
nounced as if written greet, generally by peo-
ple of education, and almost universally in
Ireland ; but this is contrary to the fixed and
settled practice in England. That this is an
nffected pronunciation, will be perceived in a
moment by pronouncing this word in the
phrase, Alexander the Great ; for those who
pronounce the word greet in other cases, will
generally in this rhyme it with fate. It is true
the ee is the regular sound of this diphthong ;
but this slender sound of e has, in all proba-
bility, given way to that of a, as deeper, and
more expressive of the epithet great.
242. The same observations are applicable
to the word break, which is much more ex-
pressive of the action when pronounced brake
than brcek, as it is sometimes affectedly pro-
nounced.
243. Ea is pronounced like the long Italian
a in father, in the following words : heart,
hearty, hearten, hearth, hearken.
•2 14. Ea, unaccented, has an obscure sound,
approaching to short u in vengeance, serjeant,
pageant, and pageantry.
EAU.
245. This is a French rather than an Enc-,
in the poetical contraction of e'er and ne'er,
for ever and never, they are pronounced as if
written air and nair.
EI.
248. The general sound of this diphthong
seems to be the same as ey when under the
accent, which is like long slender a; but the
other sounds are so numerous as to require a
catalogue of them all.
249. Ei has the sound of long slender a
in deign, vein, rein, reign, feign,feint, veil, hein-
ous, heir, heiress, inveigh, weigh, neigh, skein,
reins, their, theirs, eight, freight, weight, neigh-
bour, and their compounds. When gh comes
after this diphthong, though there is not the
least remnant of the Saxon guttural sound,
yet it has not exactly the s'niple vowel sound
as when followed by other consonants : ci,
followed by gh, sounds both vowels like ae ;
or if we could interpose the y consonant be-
tween the a and t in eight, weight, &c. it
might, perhaps, convey the sound better
The difference, however, is so delicate as to
render this distinction of no great importance
The same observations are applicable to the
words straight, straighten, &c. See the word
EIGHT.
250. Ei has the sound of long open e, in
here, in the following words and their com-
pounds : to csti, ceiling, conceit, deceit, re*
ceipt, conceive, perceive, deceive, receive, in-
veigle, seize, siisin, seignior, seigniory, sci'tf,
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS El, EO, EOU, EU.
41
plebeian. Obeisance ought to be in the pre-
ceding class. See the word.
251. Leisure is sometimes pronounced as
rhyming with pleasure ; but, in my opinion,
very improperly ; for if it be allowed that
custom is equally divided, we ought, in this
case, to pronounce the diphthong long, as
more expressive of the idea annexed to it.
(241.)
252. Either and neither are so often pro-
nounced eyc-ther and nigh'ther, that it is hard
to say to which class they belong. Analogy,
however, without hesitation, gives the diph-
thong the sound of long open e, rather than
that of i, and rhymes them with breather, one
who breathes. This is the pronunciation
Mr. Garrick always gave to these words ; but
the true analogical sound of the diphthong
in these words is that of the slender a, as il
written ay-ther, and nay-ther. This pro
nunciation is adopted in Ireland, but is not
favoured by one of our orthoepists ; for Mr.
Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Elphinston, Mr.
Perry, Mr. Smith, Steele's Grammar, and
Dr. Jones, all pronounce these words with the
diphthong like long e. W. Johnston alone
adopts the sound of long i exclusively ; Dr.
Kenrick gives both ether and ither : He pre-
fers the first, but gives neither the sound of
long e exclusively. Mr. Coote says these
words are generally pronounced with the el
like the i in mine. Mr. Barclay gives no de-
scription of the sound of ei in either, but says
neither is sometimes pronounced nUher, and
by others nether ; and Mr. Nares says, "
tlier and neither are spoken by some with
the sound of long i. I have heard even
that of long a given to them ; but as the re-
gular way is also in use, I think it is pre-
ferable. These differences seem to have a-
risen from ignorance of the regular sound of
ei." If by the regular way, and the regular
sound of this diphthong, Mr. Nares means the
long sound of e, we need only inspect No. 24-9
and 250, to see that the sound of a is the more
general sound, and therefore ought to be call-
ed the regular ; but as there are so many in-
stances of words where this diphthong has
the long sound of e, and custom is so uni-
form in these words, there can be no doubt
which is the safest to follow.
253. Ei has the sound of long open », in
height and sleight, rhyming with white and
right. Height is, indeed, often heard rhym-
ing with eight and weight, and that among
very respectable speakers ; but custom seems
to decide in favour of the other pronuncia-
tion, that it may better tally with the adjec-
tive high, of which it is the abstract.
251. Ei has the sound of short e, in the
two words heifer and nonpareil, pronounced
heffer and nonpareil.
255. This diphthong, when unaccented,
like ai, (208.) drops the former vowel, and is
pronounced like short i, in foreign, foreigner
forfeit, forfeiture, sovereign, sovereignty, sur-
feit, counterfeit.
EO.
256. This diphthong is pronounced like a
long in people, as if written peeple ; and like
e short, in leopard and jeopardy, as if written
leppard and jeppardy ; and in the law terms
feoffee, feoffer, and feoffment, as if written
feffee,feffer, and ferment.
257. We frequently hear these vowels con-
tracted into shortoin geography and geometry,
as if written joggraphy and jommetry ; but
this gross pronunciation seems daily wearing
away, and giving place to that which separates
the vowels into two distinct syllables, as it is
always heard in geographical, geometer, geo-
metrical, and geometrician. Georgic is always
heard as if written jorgic, and must be given
up as incorrigible. (1 16).
258. Eo is heard like u in feod,feodal, feu-
datory, which are sometimes written as they
are pronounced, feud, feudal, feudatory.
259. Eo, when unaccented, has the sound
of u short in surgeon, sturgeon, dudgeon, gud-
geon, bludgeon, curmudgeon, dungeon, luncheon,
puncheon, truncheon, bourgeon, habergeon; but
in scutcheon, escutcheon, pigeon, and ividgeon,
the eo sounds like short i.
260. Eo sounds like long o in yeoman ami
yeomanry ; the first syllable of which words
rhyme with go, no, so. See the words.
261. Eo in galleon, a Spanish ship, sounds
as if written galloon, rhyming with moon.
EOU.
262. This assemblage of vowels, for they
cannot be properly called a triphthong, is
often contracted into one syllable in prose,
and poets never make it go for two. In cu-
taneous and vitreous, two syllables are palpa-
ble ; but in gorgeous and outrageous, the soft
g coalescing with e seems to drop a syllable,
though polite pronunciation will always pre-
serve it.
263. This assemblage is never found but in
an unaccented syllable, and generally a final
one ; and when it is immediately preceded by
the dentals d or t, it melts them into the
sound ofj and tch: thus, hideous and piteous
are pronounced as if written hijeous and pi-
tcheous. The same may be observed of rig/i-
teous,plenteous, bounteous, courteous, beauteous,
and duteous. (293,) (294.)
264. This diphthong is always sonnded like
long u or eu>, and is scarcely ever irregular :
thus, feud, deuce, &c. are pronounced as it
written fcwd, dewsc, &c.
D
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS EW, EWE, &c.
31-yal, pon-yard, concil-yate, and have in the
last syllable an evident mixture of the sound
26.5. This diphthong is pronounced like
long u, and is almost always regular. There
is a corrupt pronunciation of it like oo, chiefly
in London, where we sometimes hear dew and
new pronounced as if written doo and noo ;
but when r precedes this diphthong, as in
brew, crew, drew, &c. pronouncing it like oo,
is scarcely improper. See 176, 339.
266. Shew and ttrcw have almost left this
class, and, by Johnson's recommendation, are
become thow and ttrow, as they are pro-
nounced. The proper name Shrewsbury,
however, still retains the e, though always
pronounced Shrewsbury. Sew, with a needle,
always rhymes with no ; and sewer, signify-
ing a drain, is generally pronounced shore :
but sewer, an officer, rhymes with fewer.
See SEWER.
267. Ew is sometimes pronounced like aw
in the verb to chew; but this is gross and
vulgar^ To chew ought always to rhyme
with new, view, &c.
EWE. ^
268. This triphthong exists only in the
word ewe, a female sheep,, which is pronounc-
ed exactly like yew, a tree, or the pronoun
you. There is a vulgar pronunciation of
this word, as if written yoe , rhyming with doe,
which must be carefully avoided. See the
word.
EY.
269. When the accent is on this diphthong,
it is always pronounced like ay, or like its
kindred diphthong « in vein, reign, &c.
thus, bey, dey, grey, prey, they, trey, whey,
obey, convey, purvey, survey, hey, eyre, and
eyry, are always heard as if written bay, day,
&c. Key and ley are the only exceptions
which always rhyme with sea. (220.)
270. Ey, when unaccented, is pronounced
like ee : thus, galley, valley, alley, barley, &c,
are pronounced as if written gallee, vallee, &c
The noun survey, therefore, if we place the
accent on the first syllable, is anomalous
See the word.
EYE.
271. This triphthong is only found in the
word eye, which is always pronounced like
the letter 7.
IA.
272. This diphthong, in the terminations
win, ial, iard, and iate, forms but one syllable,
though the i, in this situation, having the
squeezed sound of ee, perfectly similar to y,
gives the syllable a double sound, very dis-
tinguishable in its nature from a syllable form-
ed without the i: thus, chrittian, filial, po-
niard, conciliate, sound as if written crist-yan,
of y consonant. (113.)
273. In diamond, these vowels are properly
no diphthong; and in prose the word ought
to have three distinct syllables ; but we fre-
quently hear it so pronounced as to drop the
a entirely, and as if written dimond. This,
however, is a corruption that ought to be a-
voided.
274. In carriage, marriage, parliament, and
miniature, the a is dropped, and the t has its
short sound, as if written carridge, marridge,
yarliment, and miniture. (90.)
IE.
275. The regular sound of this diphthong
is that of ee, as in grieve, thieve, fiend, lief,
Kege, chief, kerchief, handkerchief, auctionier,
renadier, &c. as if written greeve, theeve,
feend, &c.
276. It has the sound of long i in die, hie,
lie, pie, tie, vie, as if written dy, hy, &c.
277. The short sound ofe is heard in friend,
tierce, and the long sound of the same letter
in tecr, frieze.
278. In variegate, the best pronunciation is.
to sound both vowels distinctly like e, as if
written vary-c-gate.
279. In the numeral terminations in icth,
as twentieth, thirtieth, &c. the vowels ought
always to be kept distinct ; the first like open
e, as heard in the y in twenty, thirty, &c. and
the second like short e, heard in breath, death,
&c.
280. \sifiery too, the vowels are heard dis-
tinctly.
281. In orient, and spaniel, where these
letters come after a liquid, they are pronounc-
ed distinctly; and great care should be taken
not to let the last word degenerate into span-
282. When these letters meet, in conse-.
quence of forming the plurals of nouns, they
retain either the long or short sound they
had in the singular, without increasing the
number of syllables : thus, a fly makes flies, a
lie makes lies, company makes companies, and
dignity, dignities. The same may be observ-
ed of the third persons and past participles
of verbs : as, I fly, he flies, I deny, lie denies, he
denied, I sully, he sullied, &c. which may be
pronounced as if written denize, denide, sullid,
&c. (104.)
283. When if is in a termination without
the accent, it is pronounced like e only, in
the same situation : thus, brasier, grasier, and
glasier, have the last syllable sounded as if
written brazhvr, grazJiur, and glazhur, or ra».
ther as braze-yur, graze-yur, &c. (98) (418.)
IEU.
284. These vowels occur in adieu, lieu, pyr~
DITFKHENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS 7£/r, 10, &c.
Ken, where they have the sound of long u, as
if written acleu, leu, purleu.
285. In one word, lieutenant, these letters
gre pronounced like short e, as if written lev-
tenant. See the word.
IEW.
280. These letters occur only in the word
view, where they sound like ee, rhyming with
few, new.
10.
287. When the accent is upon the first of
these vowels, they form two distinct syllables,
as violent, violet ; the last of which is some-
times corruptly pronounced in-let.
288. In marchioness, the i is entirely sunk,
and the unaccented o pronounced, as it usu-
ally is in this situation, like short u, as if writ-
ten marshunefs. (352.)
289. In cushion, the o is sunk, and the
word pronounced cushin. See the word.
290. In the very numerous termination ion,
these vowels are pronounced in one syllable
like short u ; but when they are preceded by
a liquid, as in million, minion, clarion, &c.
(113) the two vowels, though they make but
one syllable, are heard distinctly : the same
may be observed when they are preceded by
any of the other consonants, except * and t,
as champion, scorpion, &c. where the vowels
are heard separately : but the terminations
tion and sion are pronounced in one syllable,
like the verb shun.
291. The only exception to this rule is,
when the t is preceded by s: in this case the
t goes into tch, and the i is in a small degree
audible like short e. This may be heard in
question, mixtion, digestion, combustion, and,
what is an instance of the same kind, in ckris-
tian, as if written ques-tchun, mix-tchun, &c.
or quest-yun, mixt-yun, &c. (461) (462.)
IOU:
292. This triphthong, when preceded by a
liquid, or any mute but a dental, is heard
distinctly in two syllables, as in bilious, vari-
ous, glorious, abstemious, ingenious, copious:
but when preceded by the dentals, t, soft c,
and s, these vowels coalesce into one sylla-
ble, pronounced likestaw: thus precious,fac-
tious, noxious, anxious, are sounded as if writ-
ten presh-us, fac-shus, nock-shus, angfc-shus.
(459.)
293. The same tendency of these vowels
to coalesce after a dental, and draw it to as-
piration, makes us hear tedious, odious, and
insidious, pronounced as if written te-je-us,
ojee-us, and in-sid-je-us ; for as d is but flat t,
it is no wonder it should be subject to the
same aspiration, when the same vowels follow:
nay, it may be affirmed, that so agreeable is
this sound of the d to the analogy of English
pronunciation, that, unless we are upon our
guard, the organs naturally slide into it. It
is not, however, pretended that this is the
politest pronunciation ; for the sake of ana-
logy it were to be wished it were : but an ig-
norance of the real powers of the letters,
joined with a laudable desire of keeping as
near as possible to the orthography, is apt to
prevent the d from going into j, and to make
us here o-de-us, te-de-us, &c. On the other
hand, the vulgar, who in thi& case are right
by instinct, not only indulge the" aspiration of
the d, which the language is so prone to, but
are apt to unite the succeeding syllables too
closely, and to say o-jus and tc-jus, instead of
o-je-us and te-je-us, or rather odc-ytis, and
tede-yus.
294. If the y be distinctly pronounced, it
sufficiently expresses the aspiration of the d,
and is, in my opinion, the preferable mode of
delineating the sound, as it keeps the two
last syllables from uniting too closely. Where
analogy, therefore, is so clear, and custom so
dubious, we ought not to hesitate a moment
at pronouncing odious, tedious, perfidious, fas-
tidious, insidious, invidious, compendious, me-
lodious, commodious, preludious, and studious,
as if written o-je-ous. te-je-ous, &c. or rather,
ode-yus, tede-yus, &c. ; nor should we forget
that Indian comes under the same analogy,
and ought, though contrary to respectable
usage, to be pronounced as if written Ind~
yan, and nearly as In-je-an. (376.)
OA.
295. This diphthong is regularly pronounc-
ed as the long open sound of o, as in boat,
coat, oat, coal, loaf, &c. The only exceptions
are, broad, abroad, groat, which sound as if
written brawd, abrawd, grawt. Oatmeal is
sometimes pronounced ot-meat, but seems to
be recovering the long sound of o, as in oat.
OE.
296. Whether it be proper to retain the a
in this diphthong, or to banish it from our
orthography, as Dr. Johnson advises, certain
it is, that in words from the learned lan-
guages, it is always pronounced like single <?,
and comes entirely under the same laws as
that vowel : thus, when it ends a syllable
with the accent upon it^ it is long, as in An-
toe-ci, Peri-ofc-ci: when under the secondary
accent, in oec-uvienical, oec-onomics, it is like
e short : it is long e mfoe-tus, and short e in
foet-id and assafoet-ida : in doe, foe, she, toe,
throe, J^oe (to dig,) and bilboes, it is sounded
exactly like long open o; in canoe and s/ioe,
like 00, as if written canoo and shoo ; and in
the verb does, like short u, as if written duz.
OEL
297. There is but one word where this
triphthong.occurs,and that is in
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS OEU, 01, &C.
44
King Lear, in the word oeiliads (glances,) j 305. Adroit and devoir, two scarcely natn-
Mtd, fa my opinion, it ought to be sounded ; ralized French words, have the oi regular;
though the latter word, in pol'te pronuncia-
tion, retains its French sound, as if written
devwor.
as if written e-U-yads.
OEU.
298. This diphthong is from the French,
in the word manoeuvre : a word, within these
few years, of very general use in our language.
It is not in Johnson, and the oeu is generally
pronounced, by those who can pronounce
French, in the French manner ; but this is
such a sound of the « as does not exist in
English, and therefore it cannot be described.
The nearest sound is oo ; with which, if this
word is pronounced by an English speaker,
as if written manoovre, it may, except with
very nice French ears, escape criticism.
OI.
299. The general, and almost universal,
sound of this diphthong, is that of a in water,
and the first e in metre. This double sound
is very distinguishable in boil, toil, spoil, joint,
point, anoint, &c. which sound ought to be
carefully preserved, as there is a very preva-
lent practice among the vulgar of dropping
the o, and pronouncing these words as if
written bile, tile, spile, &c.
300. The only instance which admits of a
doubt in the sound of this diphthong, when
under the accent, is in the word choir ; but
this word is now so much more frequently
written quire, that uniformity strongly inclines
us to pronounce the oi in choir, like long i,
and which, by the common orthography,
seems fixed beyond recovery. But it may be
observed, that either the spelling or the pro-
nunciation of chorister, commonly pronounc-
ed quirister, ought to be altered,
words.
See the
301. When this diphthong is not under the
accent, it is variously pronounced. Dr. Ken-
rick places the accent on the first syllable of
turcois, and, for I know not what reason, pro-
nounces it as if written turkiz ; and turkois,
with the oi broad, as in boys. Mr. Sheridan
places the accent on the second syllable, and
gives the diphthong the French sound, as if
the word were written turkaze. In my opi-
nion the best orthography is turquoise, and
the best pronunciation with the accent on
the last syllable, and the oi sounded like long
c, as if written turkees ; as we pronounce
tortoise, with the accent on the first syllable,
and the oi like short i, as if written tortiz.
302. In avoirdupoise, the first diphthong is
pronounced like short e, as if written aver-
dupoise.
303. In connoisseur, the same sound of e
is substituted as if written connesscur.
30-K In shamois, or chamois, a species of
leather, the oi is pronounced like long e, as if
written sliammee.
00.
306. The sound of this diphthong is regu-
lar, except in a few words : it is pronounced
long in moon, soon, fool, rood, food, mood, &c.
This is its regular sound.
307. It has a shorter sound corresponding
to the u in bull, in the words, wool, wood,
good, hood, foot, stood, understood, withstood ;
and these are the only words where this diph-
thong has this middle sound.
308. It has the sound of short u in the two
words blood and_/7oorf, rhyming with mud.
309. Soot is vulgarly pronounced so as to
rhyme with but, hut, &c. but ought to have
its long, regular sound, rhyming with boot, as
we always hear it in the compound sooty.
See the word.
310. Door and floor, are universally pro-
nounced by the English as if written dore and
flore ; but in Ireland they preserve the regu-
lar sound of oo. See the word DOOR.
311. Moor, a black man, is regular in polite
pronunciation, and like more in vulgar. Moor,
a marsh, is sometimes heard rhyming with
store ; but more correct speakers pronounce
it regularly, rhyming with poor.
OU.
312. This is the most irregular assemblage
of vowels in our language : its most common
sound is that heard in bound, found, ground,
&c. and this may be called its proper sound ;
but its deviations are so many and so various,
that the best idea of it will be conveyed by
giving the simples of all its different sounds.
313. The first or proper sound of this diph-
thong is composed of the a in ball, and the oo
in woo, or rather the u in bull, and is equi-
valent to the ow in down, frown, &c. This
sound is heard in abound, about, account, a-
coustics, aground, aloud, amount, around, a-
rouse, astound, avouch, bough, bounce, bound,
bounteous, bounty, bout, carouse, chouse, cloud,
dough, clout, clouterly, compound, couch, cou-
chant, crouch, deflour, devour, devout, doubt,
doubtful, doughty, douse, drought, encounter,
espouse, expound, flout, flounder, foul, found,
foundling, fountain, frouzy, glout, gout, (a dis-
ease,) ground, grouse, grout, hound, hour,
house, impound, loud, lounge, louse, lout, mound,
mountain, mountebank, mouse, mouth, noun,
ounce, our, oust, out, outer, outermost, para-
mount, plough, pouch, pounce, pound, pout,
profound, pronoun, pronounce, propound,
proud, rebound, recount, redoubt, redoubted,
redound, rencounter, round, roundelay, rouse,
rout, scoundrel, scour, scout, shout, shroud,
slouch, spouse, spout, sprout, surround, south,
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS 0V, Off.
4.1
(hou, thousand, louse, trounce, trowsers, trout,
wound, (did wind,) slf>ugh, (a miry place,)
vouch, vouchsafe, without, scaramouch.
31 4°. The second sound is that of short u
in bud, and is heard in the following words
and their compounds: Adjourn, journey, jour-
nal, bourgeon, country, cousin, couple, accouple,
double, trouble, courteous, courtesy, courage,
encourage, joust, gournet, houseivife, flourish,
niounch, nourish, enough, chough, rough, tough,
slough, (a cast skin,) scourge, southerly, south-
ern, southernwood, southward, touch, touchy,
young, younker, and youngster ; but southern,
southerly, and southward, are sometimes pro-
nounced regularly like south : this, however,
is far from the prevailing pronunciation. This
is the sound this diphthong always has when
the accent is not on it, unless in very few
instances, where the compound retains the
sound of the simple, as in pronoun ; but in so-
journ and sojourner, with the accent on the
first syllable, and in every unaccented termi-
nation in our and ous, this diphthong has ex-
actly the sound of short u: thus favour, ho-
nour, odour, and famous, are pronounced as if
written favur, honur, odur, andfamus.
315. The third sound given to these vowels
is that of oo in coo and woo (39,) and is found
in the following words : Bouge, croup, group,
aggroup, amour, paramour, bouse, bousy, bou-
tefeu, capouch, cartouch, fourbe, gout, (taste,)
and ragout, (pronounced goo and ragoo,') ren-
dezvous, rouge, soup, sous, (pronounced soo,)
surtout, through, throughly, toupee or toupct,
you, your, youth, tour, contour, tourney, tour-
nay, tournament, pour, and route, (a road,)
accoutre, billet-doux, agouti, uncouth, wound,
(a hurt,) and routine (a beaten road.) See
TOURNEY.
316. The verb to pour, is sometimes pro-
nounced to pore, and sometimes to poor ; in
each case it interferes with a word of a dif-
ferent signification, and the best pronuncia-
tion, which is that similar to power, is as lit-
tle liable to that exception as either of the
others. See the word.
317. To wound is sometimes pronounced so
is to rhyme with found; but this is directly
contrary to the best usage ; but route, (a
road, as to take a different route,} is often
pronounced so as to rhyme with doubt, by re-
spectable speakers.
318. The fourth sound of this diphthong is
that of long open o, and is heard in the fol-
lowing words : Though, although, coulter,
court, accourt, gourd, courtier, course, discourse,
source, recourse, resource, bourn, dough, doughy,
four, mould, mouldy, moult, mourn, shoulder,
smoulder, soul, poultice, poult, poulterer, poul-
try, troul, (to roll smoothly, marked by Mr.
Sheridan, as rhyming with doll, but more pro-
perly by Dr. Kenrick with roll,) and borough,
thorough, furlough, fourteen, concourse, and
intercourse, preserve the diphthong in the
sound of long o, though not under the accent.
319. The fifth sound of ou is like the noun
awe, and is heard only in ought, bought, brought,
sought, besought, fought, nought, thought, me-
thought, ivrought.
320. The sixth sound is that of short oo,
or the u in bull, and is heard only in the au-
xiliary verbs, would, could, should, rhyming
with good, hood, stood, &c.
321. The seventh sound is that of short o,
and heard oijly in cough and trough, rhyming
with off and scoff; and in lough and though,
pronounced lock and shock.
ow.
322. The elementary sound of this diph-
thong is the same as the first sound of ou,
and is heard in how, now, &c. ; but the sound
of long o obtains in so many instances, that
it will be necessary to give u catalogue of
both.
323. The general sound, as the elementary
sound may be called, is heard in now, how,
bow (a mark of respect,) mow (a heap of bar-
ley, &c.) cow, brow, brown, browse, plow, voiu,
avow, allow, disallow, endow, down, clown,
frown, town, crown, drown, gown, renown,
dmvager, dowdy, dower, dowre, dowry, dowery
dowlas, drowse, drowsy, flower, bower, lower
(to look gloomy,) power, powder, prowess,
prow, prowl, vowel, towel, bower, rowel, cowl,
scowl, crowd, shower, tower, soiv (a swine,)
sowins, sowl, thowl, lou> (to bellow as a cow.)
This word is generally pronounced as low,
not high ; but if custom, in this case, has not
absolutely decided, it ought, in my opinion,
to have the first sound of this diphthong,
rhyming with how, as much more expressive
of the noise it signifies ; which, where sounds
are the ideas to be expressed, ought to have
great weight in pronunciation. (241, 251.;
See the word.
324. The second sound of this diphthong
is heard in bloiv, slow, croiv, flow, glow, bow
(to shoot with,) know, low (not high,) mow
(to cut grass,) row, show, sow (to scatter
grain,) strow, snow, trow, below, bestoiv, owe,
own, owner, flown, grown,growth, know, known,
sown, lower (to bring low,) throw, thrown ; in
all these words the ow sounds like long o in
go, no, so, &c.
325. The noun prow, signifying the fore-
part of a ship, rhymes with go in Mr Sheri-
dan, and with now in Dr. Kenrick. The lat-
ter is, in my opinion, the preferable sound ;
while the verb to prowl (to seek for prey)
rhymes with owl, according to Mr. Sheridan,
and with soul, according to Dr. Kenrick : the
latter has the old spelling prole to plead, but
the former has, in my opinion, both analogy
and the best usage on its side. Both these
writers unite in giving the first sound of this
Tlfi DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS OfP, OY, &C.
diphthong to prowess; which is unquestion- | which must for a long time prevail, arid
ablv the true pronunciation. See To PKOWL. which must necessarily caU off our attention
326. The proper names How, Howel, How- from things to words. See Lnclit. 1
ard, and Powel, generally are heard with the No. 514.
first sound of this diphthong, as in fiow, now, OY.
&c.; but Howes and Stow (the historian) This diphthong is but another form
commonly rhyme with know, and know - is pronounced exactly like it.
Howard, among •people of rank, is generally ' r^ wUh this diphthon%
pronounced with the second sound rhyming ^ ounced fl// Cus.
with /roiwrrf; and Gronwnor as if written, * appropriated the former
Grovenor. Snowden is frequently pronounc- u
ed with the first sound of ow; but the se-
cond sound seems preferable ; as it is not im-
probable that these mountains had their
name, like the Alps, from the snow on their
tops.
327. When this diphthong is in a final un-
accented syllable, it has always the second
sound, like long o, in borrow, sorrow, fellow,
willow, Ace. The vulgar shorten this sound,
and pronounce the o obscurely, and some-
times as if followed by r, as winder and feller,
for window and fellow ; but this is almost too
despicable for notice. Good speakers pre-
serve the diphthong in this situation, and
give it the full sound of open o, rhyming
word to the noun, and the latter to the verb ;
for the sake of consistency, it were to be
wished it were always written allay ; but it
is not to be expected that poets will give up
so good a rhyme to joy, cloy, and destroy.
330. The only word in which this diph-
thong is not under the accent, is the proper
name Savoy ; for savoy, a plant, has the ac-
cent on the second syllable ; but the diph-
thong in both is pronounced in the same
manner.
UA.
331. When the a in this diphthong is pro-
nounced, the a has the power of w, which,
unites both into one syllable: thus antiquate,
almost suppressed.
149.
See his Grammar, page
with no, so, &c. though it should seem, in | antiquary, assuage, persuade, equal, language,
Ben Jonson's time, the o in this situationwas , &c are pronounCed antikwate, antikwary, as-
swage, &c.
332. The u in this diphthong is silent, ir
guard, guardian, guarantee, and piquant ; pro-
nounced gard, gardian, garanlee, undpickant*
328. This diphthong, in the word know-
ledge, has of late years undergone a consider-
able revolution. Some speakers, who had
the regularity of their language at heart,
were grieved to see the compound depart so
far from the sound of the simple, and with
heroic fortitude have opposed the multitude
bv pronouncing the first syllable of this word
as it is heard in the verb to know. The pul-
pit and the bar have for some years given a
•auction to this pronunciation ; but the se-
nate and the stage hold out inflexibly against
(92.)
333. In Mantua, the town of Italy, both,
vowels are heard distinctly. The same may
be observed of the habit so called : but in
mantuamaker, vulgarity has sunk the a, and
made it mantumaker. The same vulgarity
at first, but now sanctioned by universal cus-
tom, has sunk both letters in victuals, and its
compounds victualling and victualler, pro-
nounced vittles, wttling, and vittler. See
UE.
it; and the nation at large seem insensible' MANTUA.
of the improvement. They still continue to
pronounce, as in the old ludicrous rhymes —
334. This diphthong, like ua, when it
forms only one syllable, and both letters are
" Among the mighty
" That are professors at Graham
But if ever this word should have the good
pronounced, has the u sounded like w ; as
fortune to be restored to its rights, it would consuetude, desuetude, and niansuetude, which
be but charity to endeavour the restoration ' are pronounced conswetude, deswetude, and
of a great number of words in a similar situ- ] manswetude. Thus conquest is pronounced
ation, such as breakfast, vineyard, bewilder, according to the general rule, as if written
meadow, hearken, pleasure, whitster, shepherd, conkwest ; but the verb to conquer has unac-
vindward, and a long catalogue of fellow suf- ' countably deviated into conker, particularly
fierers. (515.) But, before we endeavour this upon the stage. This error, however, seems
restoration, we should consider, that con- \ not to be so rooted in the general ear as to
trading the sound of the simple, when it ac- be above correction ; and analogy undoubted-
quires an additional syllable, is an idiom of ly demands conkwer.
pronunciation to which our language is ex-j 335. This diphthong, when in a final sylla-
tremely prone; nor is it certain that cross-. ble, sinks the e, as clue, cue, due, blue, glue,
ing this tendency would produce any real hue, flue, rue, sue, true, nine, accrue, ensue t
advantage; at. least, not sufficient to coun-1 endue, imbue, imbrue, pursue, subdue, perdue^
terbalance the diversity of pronunciation! argue? residue, avenue, revenue, continu»t rcli*
DIFFERENT SOUNDS OP THE DIPHTHONGS UI, (70, &C.
nue, construe, ttatue, tissue, virtue, value, ague ;
in all these words, whether the accent be on
the diphthong ue or not, it is pronounced like
long open u, except in words where the r
comes before u; in this case it is sounded
like oo. When the accent is not on this
diphthong, as in the latter portion of these
words from argue, it is apt to be feebly and
indistinctly pronounced, and therefore care
ought to be be taken to sound it as if these
words were written argew, ret>idew, &c. In
Tuesday, ue, the diphthong, is pronounced in
the same manner.
336. In some words the u is silent, and
the e pronounced short, as in guess, guest,
guerdon, where the u acts as a servile to pre-
serve the g hard.
337. In some words both the vowels are
sunk, as in antique, oblique, league, feague,
league, colleague, plague, vague, intrigue, fa-
tigue, harangue, tongue, disembogue, collogue,
rogue, prorogue, brogue, fugue ; in all which
the ue is silent, and the g pronounced hard.
The q, in antique and oblique, is pronounced
like k. as if the words were written anteek
and oblike. (158.)
338. The terminations in ague, from the
Greek, are pronounced in the same manner.
Thus pedagogue, demagogue, ptysmagogue,
menagogue, cmmenagogue, synagogue, mysta-
gogue, decalogue, dialogue, trlalogue, catalogue,
tlicologue, eclogue, monologue, prologue, and
ej>ilogue, are all pronounced as if written pe-
dagog, demagog, &c. with the o short.
339. This diphthong, after r, becomes oo ;
thus true is pronounced troo. (176.)
UI.
340. The u in this diphthong, as in ua and
ue, when both vowels are pronounced with-
out forming two syllables, is pronounced like
w : thus languid, anguish, languish, extinguish,
distinguish, relinquish, vanquish, linguist, pen-
guin, pursuivant, guaiacum, are pronounced as
if written langwid, angwish, &c. and cuiss and
suisses, as if written kwiss and kimsses, and
cui\ ass, as if written kwirast.
341. The u is silent, and the t pronounced
long, in guide, disguise, guile, and beguile;
but the u is silent, and the i is short, in guild,
build, guilt, guinea, guitar. Guild, in Guild-
hall, is, by the lower people of London, pro-
nounced so as to rhyme with child; but this is
directly opposite to the best usage, and contra-
ry to its etymology, as it is a compound of
guild (a corporation, always pronounced like
the verb, to gild), and hall. Dr. Jones, who
wrote in Queen Anne's time, tells us it was
then pronounced as if written Gildhall. In
circuit and biscuit the u is merely servile ; in
both the c is hard, and the i short, as if writ-
ten turkit, and bisket. Conduit is pronounc-
ed cundiL.
342. In juice, sluice, suit, and pursuit, the
i is silent, and the u has its diphthongal sound,
as if preceded by e, and the words were writ-
ten slewse,jewse, sewt, persewt.
343. When this diphthong is preceded by
r, it is pronounced like oo ,• thus bruise, cruise,
fruit, bruit, recruit, are pronounced as if writ-
ten broose, cioose,froot, &c. (339.)
UO.
344. The u in this diphthong is pronounc-
ed like w, in quote, quota, quotation, quotient,
quotidian, quorum, quondam, siliquose, quoth,
as if written kwote, kwota, kwotation, &c.
Coif, and coit, commonly pronounced kwoif
and kwoit, do not come under this class. See
the words.
UY.
345. This diphthong, with the accent on
it, sinks the *, and pronounces the y like long
i : thus buy, the only word where uy has the
accent, rhymes with fly, dry, &c. when the
accent is not on this diphthong it is sounded
like long e, as, plaguy, roguy, gluy, pronounc-
ed pla-gee, ro-gee, (with the g hard, as in get,)
glu-ee. The same may be observed of oblo
quy, ambiloquy, pauciloquy, soliloquy, ventrilo-
quy, alloquy, colloquy, pronounced oblo-quec,
ambilo-quee, &c.
UOl.
346. This diphthong is found only in the
word buoy, pronounced as if written bwoy,
but too often exactly like boy. But this
ought to be avoided by correct speakers.
OF THE CONSONANTS.
B.
347. When b follows m in the same sylla-
ble, it is generally silent, as in lamb, kemb,
limb, comb, dumb, &c except accumb and suc-
cumb : it is silent also before t in the same syl-
lable, as in debt, doubt, redoubt, redoubted, and
their compounds : it is silent before /, whea
not in the same syllable, in the word subtle
(cunning) often inaccurately used for subtile
(fine,) where the b is always pronounced. In
the mathematical term rhomb, the b is always,
heard, and the word pronounced as if writ-
ten rhumb. Ambs-ace is pronounced Aimt-.
ace. See RHOMB.
C.
348. C is always heard like k before a, o,
or u ; as, card, cord, curd ; and soft, like *,
before e, i, or y ; as, cement, city, cynic.
349. When c ends a word, or syllable, it is
always he.ard, as in m&tcjlaccid, siccity, pro-
pnONUNCIATION OP THS CONSONANTS C AND D.
mmnceci miuick, flack-sid, tick-sity.
AGGERATE.
350. In the word sceptic, where the first
c, according to analogy, ought to be pro-
nounced like*, Dr. Johnson has not only given
his approbation to the sound of k, but has,
contrary to general practice, spelt the word
skeptic. It may be observed, perhaps, in this,
as on other occasions, of that truly great man,
that he is but seldom wrong ; but when he is
so, that he is generally wrong to absurdity.
What a monster does this word skeptic ap-
pear to an eye the least classical or correct !
And if this alteration be right, why should we
hesitate to write and pronounce scene, scep-
tre, and Lacedcemon, s kene, skeptre, and Lake-
dtcmon, as there is the same reason for k in all?
It is not, however, my intention to cross the
general current of polite and classical pronun-
ciation, which I know is that of sounding the
c like k ; my objection is only to writing it
with the k ; and in this I think I am supported
by the best authorities since the publication
of Johnson's Dictionary.
351. C is mute in Czar, Czarina, victuals,
indict, arbuscfe, corpuscle, and muscle: it
sounds like tch in the Italian words vermicel-
li and violoncello: and like z in suffice, sacri-
fice, sice (the number six at dice,) and dis-
cern.
352. This letter, when connected with h,
has two sounds ; the one like tch, in child,
chair, rich, which, &c. pronounced as if writ-
ten (child, tchair, ritch, it-hitch, &c. the other
like sh after / or n, as in belch, bench, filch, &c.
pronounced belsh, bensh, filsh, &c. This lat-
ter sound is generally given to words from the
French, as, chaise, chagrin, chamade, cham-
pagne, champignon, chandelier, chaperon, char-
latan, chevalier, chevron, chicane, capuchin, car-
touch, machine, machinist, chancre, marchioness.
353. Ch in words from the learned lan-
guages, are generally pronounced like k, as,
chalcography, chalybeate, chanueleon, chamo-
mile, chaos, character, chart, chasm, chely,
chemist, (if derived from the Arabic, and chy-
mist, if from the Greek,) chersanese, chimera,
chirography, chiromancy, chlorosis, choler,
chorus, chord, chorography, chyle and its com-
pounds ; anchor, anchoret, cachexy, catechism,
catcchue, catechetical, catechumen, echo, echi-
nus, epoch, epocha, ichor, machination, machi-
nal, mechanic, mechanical, orchestra, orchestre,
technical, anarch, anarchy, conch, cochleary,
distich, hemistich, monostich, eunuch, monarch,
mojiarchical, hierarch, heresiarch, pentateuch,
stomach, stomachic, scheme, school, scholar,
tchesis, mastich, seneschal, and in all words
where it is followed by / or r, as, chlorosis,
Christ, Christian, chronology, chronical, SiC.
To these may be added the Celtic word loch
(a lake.) '
See Ex- 1 354. When arch, signifying chief, begins a
word from the Greek language, and is follow-
ed by a vowel, it is always pronounced ark,
as in archangel, archipelago, architect, archives,
archetype, archaism, archiepiscopal, archidiaco-
nal, architrave, archaiology. But when we
prefix arch to a word of our own, and this
word begins with a consonant, we pronounce
it so as to rhyme with march, as archduke,
archdeacon, archbishop ; and sometimes, when
the following word begins with a vowel, if it
is a composition of our own, and the wore'
does not come to us compounded from the
Greek or Latin, as arch-enemy.
355. The word ache, (a pain) pronounced
ake, comes from the Greek, and was by
Shakespeare extended to two syllables, aches
with ch, as in watches ; but this is obsolete.
It is now almost universally written ake and
akes, except where it is compounded with
another word, as hcad-ach, heart-ach, &c. and
by thus absurdly retaining the ch in the com-
pound, we are puzzled how to form the plu-
ral, without pronouncing aches in two sylla-
bles.
356. In choir and chorister, the ch is almost
universally pronounced like qu : (300) in ost-
rich, like dge, as if spelled ostridge. It is si-
lent in schedule, schism, and yacht ; pronounc-
ed seddule, sizm, and yot. It is sunk in
drachm, but heard in drachma; pronounced
dram and drackma.
357. When c comes after the accent, either
primary or secondary, and is followed by ea,
ia, to, or ecus, it takes the sound of sh : thi&
ocean, social, Phocion, saponaceous, are pro-
nounced as if written oshean, soshial, Phoshion,
saponasheous, &c. ( 1 96.) Financier has the
accent after the c, which on that account doe»
not go into sh.
D.
358. In order to have a just idea of the al-
terations of sound this letter undergoes, it
will be necessary to consider its near rela-
tion to T. (41.) These consonants, like p,
and b,f, and v, &, and hard g, and s, and z,
are letters of the same organ ; they differ by
the nicest shades of sound, and are easily
convertible into each other ; t, p,f, k, and *v
may, for the sake of distinction, be called
sharp, and d, b, T>, g, and z, may be called flat.
For this reason, when a singular ends in a
sharp consonant, the s, which forms the plural,
preserves its sharp sound, as in cliff's, packs,
lips, hats, deaths ; and when the singular ends
with a flat consonant, the plural s has the
sound of z, as drabs, bags, beads, &c. are pro-
nounced drabz, bagz, &c.
359. In the same manner, when a verb
ends with a sharp consonant, the d, in the ter«
a lake.) The exceptions are, chanty, archer, ' mination ed, assumed by the' preterit and par.
Iticiple, becomes sharp, and is sounded like t ;
PKONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANT D.
thus, stuffed, tripped, cracked, passed, vouched,
faced, (where the e is suppressed, as it always
ought to be, except when we are pronounc-
ing the language of Scripture) (104,) change
the d into t, as if written shift, tript, crakt,
past, vouckt, faste. So when the verb ends
in a flat consonant, the d preserves its true
flat sound, as, drubbed, pegged, lived, buzzed,
where the e is suppressed, and the words pro-
nounced in one syllable, as if written drubb'd,
pegg'd, liv'd, buzz'd. It may be observed
too, that when the verb ends in a liquid, or a
liquid and mute e, the participial ed always pre-
serves its pure sound, as, blamed, joined, filled,
barred, pronounced blam'djoin'd,filfd,barr'd.
This contraction of the participial ed, and the
verbal en (103,) is so fixed an idiom of our
pronunciation, that to alter it, would be to
alter the sound of the whole language. It
must, however, be regretted, that it subjects
our tongue to some of the most hissing,
snapping, clashing, grinding sounds, that ever
grated the ears of a Vandal : thus, rasped,
scratched, ivrenched, bridled, fangled, birchen,
hardened, strengthened, quickened. &c. almost
frighten us when written as they are actually
pronounced, as, raspt, scratcht, wrencht,
bridTd,fangrd, birch'n, strength'n'd, quick' nd,
&c. ; they become still more formidable when
used contractedly in the solemn style, which
never ought to be the case ; for here, instead
of thou strength' ti'st or strength' n'dst, thou
quick'n'st or quick'nd'st, we ought to pro-
nounce, thou strength' nest or strength' nedst,
thou quick'nest or quick'nedst, which are suffi-
ciently harsh of all conscience. (See No.
405.) But to compensate for these Gothic
sounds, which, however, are not without their
use, our language is full of the smoothest and
most sonorous terminations of the Greeks
and Romans.
360. By the foregoing rule of contraction,
arising from the very nature of the letters,
we see the absurdity of substituting the t for
ed, when the verb ends in a sharp consonant ;
for when the pronunciation cannot be mis-
taken, it is folly to alter the orthography :
thus the Distressed Mother, the title of a
tragedy, needs not to be written Di&trest Mo-
ther, as we generally find it, because, though
we write it in the former manner, it naust
necessarily be pronounced in the latter.
361. By this rule, too, we may see the im-
propriety of writing blest for blessed, when a
participle.
" Blest in thy genius, '" thj love too blest." — Pope.
But when the word blessed is an adjective, it
ought always to be pronounced, even in the
most familiar conversation, in two syllables,
as, this is a blessed day, the blessed thistle, &c.
362. This word, with learned, cursed, and
n-inged, are the only participial adjectives
which are constantly pronounced in two syl-
ables, where the participles are pronounced
in one ; thus, a learned man, a nirscd thing,
a winged horse, preserve the ed in a distinct
syllable ; while the same words, when verbs,
as he learned to write, he cursed the day, they
winged their flight, are heard in one syllabic,
as if written learnd, curst, and wingd ; the d
in cursed changing to t, from its following the
sharp consonant s. (358.)
363. Poetry, however, (which has been
one great cause of improper orthography) as-
sumes the privilege of using these words,
when adjectives, either as monosyllables or
dissyllables; but correct prose rightly exacts
the pronunciation of ed in these words, when
adjectives, an a distinct syllable. The ed in
aged and winged, always make a distinct syl-
lable, as an aged man ; the winged courser :
but when this word is compounded with ano-
ther, the ed does not form a syllable, as a
fuU-ag'd horse, a sheath-wing' d fowl.
364". It is, perhaps, worthy of notice, that
when adjectives are changed into adverbs by
the addition of the termination ly, we often
find the participial termination ed preserved
long and distinct, even in those very words
where it was contracted when used adjective-
ly: thus though we always hear confess'd,
profess'd, design'd, &c. we as constantly hear
con-fess-ed-ly, pro-fess-ed-ly, de-sign-ed-ty, &c.
The same may be observed of the following
list of words, which, by the assistance of the
Rhyming Dictionary, I am enabled to give,
as, perhaps, the only words in the language
in which the ed is pronounced as a distinct
syllable in the adverb, where it is contracted
in the participial adjective : Forcedly, enforc-
edly, unveilediy, deformedly,feignedly, unfeign-
edly, discernedly, resignedly, rejlnedly, restrain-
edly, concernedly, unconcernedly, discernedly,
undisccrnedly, preparedly, assuredly, advisedly,
dispcrsedly, diffiiscdly, confusedly, unperceived- '
ly, resolvedly, deservedly, undeservedly, reserv-
edly, unreservedly, avowedly, perplexedly. fix-
edly, amazedJy.
365. To this catalogue may be added seve-
ral abstract substantives formed from partici-
ples in ed: which ed makes a distinct sylla-
ble in the former, though not in the latter :
thus numbedness, blcaredness, prejiaredncss,
assuredness, diseasedness, advisedness, reposed-
ness, composcdness, indisposcdness, dijfuscd-
ness, confusedness, dislrcsscdness, resohcdncas,
reservcdnsss, perplexedness, fixedness, amazed-
ness, have ed pronounced distinctly.
366. The adjectives naked, wicked, picked,
(pointed,) hooked, crooked, forked, tusked, and
wretched, are not derived from verbs, and are
therefore pronounced in two syllables. The
i same may be observed of scabbed, crabbed,
• chubbed, stubbed, shagged, snagged, raggtd,
I scrubbed, dogged, rugged, scragged, hawked,
jagged; to which we may aiki, the solemn
50
PRONUNCIATION O* THE CONSONANT D.
pronunciation of stiff-necked; and these when j therefore doubly irregular. Weep, tlerp,
formed into nouns by the addition of ness, and creep, would not have required / to form
preserve the ed in a distinct syllable, as, wick- their preterits, any more than peeped, and
cdnest, tcabbedness, raggednets, &c. steeped, but custom, which has shortened the
367. Passed, in the sense of beyond, be- diphthong in the former words, very natural
comes a preposition, and may allowably be ly annexed t as the simplest method of con
written past, as pott twelve o'clock ; but when i veying the sound.
an adjective, though it is pronounced in one j 371. The only two words which occasion
syllable, it ought to be written with two, as i some doubt about classing them are, to /earn
passed pleasures are present pain : this I and to spell. The vulgar (who are no con-
know is contrary to usage ; but usage is, in ( temptible guides on this occasion) pronounce
this case, contrary to good sense, and the j them in the preterit learnt and spelt ; but as
settled analogy of the language. I n and / will readily admit of d after them, it
368. It needs scarcely be observed, that seems more correct to favour a tendency to
when the verb ends in t or d, the ed in the regularity, both in writing and speaking, which
past time and participle has the d pronounc- the literary world has given into, by spelling
ed with its own sound, and always forms an them learned and spelled, and pronouncing
additional syllable, as landed, matted, &c. o- them learn' d and spelCd: thus earned, the pre-
therwise the final d could not be pronounced j terit of to earn, has been recovered from the
at all. | vulgar eartit, and made a perfect rhyme to
369. And here, perhaps, it may not be
useless to take notice of the very imperfect
and confused idea that is given in Lowth's
grammar, of what are called contracted verbs,
such as snatcht, checfet, snapt, mixt, dwelt, and
discerned.
37"2. To these observations may be added,
that, in such irregular verbs as have the pre-
sent, the preterit, and participle the same, as,
cast, cost, cut, &c. ; the second person singu-
past, for snatc/ied, checked, snapped, mixed, i lar of the preterit of these verbs takes ed be-
dii/elled, and passed. To these are added, [fore thest, as, least, or did cast; Thou castedst,
those that end in I, m, and », or p, after a j or didst cast, &c. : for if this were not the
diphthong; which either shorten the diph- | case, the second person of the preterit might
thong, or change it into a single vowel ; and
instead of ed, take t only for the preterit, as,
dealt, dreamt, meant, felt, dejit, crept ; and
these are said to be considered not as irregu-
lar, but contracted only. Now nothing can
l« clearer than that verbs of a different kind
are here huddled together as of the same.
Snatched, cliecked, snapped, mixed, and passed,
are not irregular at all ; if they are ever writ-
be taken for the second person of the present
tense.
373. I have been led insensibly to these
observations by their connexion with pro-
nunciation ; and if the reader should think
them too remote from the subject, I must
beg his pardon, and resume my remarks on
the sound of the letter d.
374. The vulgar drop this letter in ordina-
ten snatcht, checkt, snapt, mixt, and past, it is ry, and extraordinary, and make them or'na-
trom pure ignorance of analogy, and not ry and extr'or'nary : but this is a gross ab-
considering that if they were written with
ed, unless we were to pronounce it as a dis-
tinct syllable, contrary to the most settled
usage of the language, the pronunciation,
from the very nature of the letters, must be
the same. It is very different with dwelled;
here, as a liquid, and not a sharp mute, ends
the verb.rf mightbe pronounced without going
into t, just as well as in felfd, the participle
of to fell (to cut down trees.) Here then,
we find custom has determined an irregulari-
ty, which cannot be altered, without violence
to the language ; dwell may be truly called
an irregular verb, and dwelt the preterit and
participle,
370. The same may be observed of deal,
dream, mean, feel, weep, sleep, and creep. It
i\ certain we can pronounce rf after the four
first of these words, as well as in sealed,
fcrratned, cleaned, and reeled; but custom
has not only annexed t to the preterit of
these verbs, but has changed the long diph-
thongal sound into a short one; they are
breviation ; the best pronunciation is suffici-
ently short, which is ordinary and extrortfna-
ry ; the first in three, and the last in four
syllables ; but solemn speaking preserves the
i, and makes the latter word consist of five
syllables, as if written extraordinary.
375. Our ancestors, feeling the necessity
of showing the quantity of a vowel followed
by ge, when it was to be short, inserted d, as,
wedge, ridge, badge, &c. The same reason
induced them to write colledge and alledge,
with the d; but modern reformers, to the
great injury of the language, have expelled
the dy and left the vowel to shift for itself;
because there is no d in the Latin words
from which these are derived.
376. D like t, to which it is so nearly re-
lated, when it comes after the accent, either
primary or secondary, (522,) and is followed
by the diphthong ie, io, ia, or eon, slides in-
to gzh, or the consonant j : thus soldier is
universally and justly pronounced as if writ-
ten sol-jer ; grandeur, gran-Jeur ; and ver-
PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS F, C, &C.
fare, (where it must be remembered that « younger ought always to rhyme with the ter-
is a diphthong,) ver-jnre: and, for the same nrination monger, which has always the g
reason, education is elegantly pronounced ed- j hard, and articulating the vowel ; and^ thi«
jucation. But duke and reduce, pronounced
jnke and rejuce, where the accent is after
the d, cannot be too much reprobated.
F.
377. F has its pure sound in often, off", &c.
but in the preposition of, slides into its near
pronunciation is approved by Mr. Nares.
Forget, target, and together, fall into this
class. See No. 409.
382. G is hard before i, in gibbe, gibcat,
gibber, gibberish, gibbous, giddy, gift, gig, gig-
«lc, giglet (properly giggiet,) gild, gill (of a
5sh,) gimlet, gimp, gird, girdle, girl, girth, giz-
relation v, "as 'if written ov. But when this j xard, begin, give, forgive, biggin, piggin, nog-
preposition is in composition at the end of a j gin ; also derivatives from nouns or verbs
word, the/becomes pure; thus, though we I ending in hard g, as, druggist, waggish, hog-
sound of, singly, ov, we pronounce it as if the \gul»dogguh, sluggish, nggtng, digging, &c.
f were double in whereof.
378. There is a strong tendency to change
the/ into v, in some words, which confounds
the plural number and the genitive case : thus
we often hear of a wive's jointure, a calve's
head, and houze rent, for tvife's jointure, a
calfs head, and house rent.
G.
379. G, like C, has two sounds, a hard and
a soft one : it is hard before a, o, u, I, and r,
as, game, gone, gull, glory, grandeur. Gaol
is the only exception ; now more commonly
written jail. (21 2.}
380. G, before e and i, is sometimes hard
and sometimes soft : it is generally soft before
words of Greek, Latin, or French original,
and hard before words from the Saxon.
These latter, forming by far the smaller num-
ber, may be considered as exceptions.
381. G is hard before e, in gear, geek,
geese, geld, gelt, gelding, get, gewgaw, shag-
ged, snagged, ragged, cragged, scragged, dog-
ged, rugged, dagger, swagger, stagger, trigger,
dogger, pettifogger, tiger, auger, eager, mea-
ger, anger, finger, linger, conger, longer,
stronger, younger, longest, strongest, youngest.
The last six of these words are generally
pronounced in Ireland, so as to let the g re-
main in its nasal sound, without articulating
the succeeding vowel, thus, longer (more
long) is so pronounced as to sound exactly
like the noun a long-er (one who longs or
wishes for a thing,) the same may be observ-
ed of the rest. That the pronunciation of
Ireland is analogical, appears from the same
pronunciation of g in string-y, spring-y, full
of strings and springs ; and wronger and
wrongest, for more and most wrong. But
though resting the g in the nasal sound, with-
out articulating the succeeding vowel, is ab-
solutely necessary in verbal nouns derived
from verbs ending in ing, as, singer, bringer,
slingcr, &c. pronounced sing-er, bring-er,
s/ing-er, &c. and not sing-ger, bring-ger,
*ling-ger, tec. yet in longer, stronger, and
younger, longest, strongest, and youngest, the
g ought always to articulate the e: thus,
383. G before y is generally soft, as in ele-
gy, apology, &c. and almost in all words from
the learned languages ; but hard in word*
from the Saxon, which are formed from
nouns or verbs ending in g hard, as, shaggy,
jaggy, knaggy, snaggy, craggy, scraggy, quag-
gy, swaggy, dreggy, spriggy, twiggy, boggy,
f°ggy> cl°ggy> buggy, muggy. Gyve, from
its Celtic original, ought to have the g hard,
but has decidedly adopted the soft g.
GN in the same Syllable at the Beginning of a
Word.
384. The g in this situation is always si-
lent, as, gnaw, gnash, gnat, gnarl, gnomon,
gnomonics : pronounced now, nash, not, narl,
nomon, nomonics.
GN in the same Syllable at the End of a
Word.
385. No combination of letters has more
puzzled the critics than this. Two actresses
of distinguished merit, in Portia, in the Mer-
chant of Venice, pronounced the word impugn
differently, and each found her advocate in
the newspapers. One critic affirmed, that
Miss Young, by preserving the sound of g,
pronounced the word properly ; and the o-
ther contended, that Mrs. Yates was more
judicious in leaving it out. The former was
charged with harshness ; the latter, with mu-
tilating the word, and weakening its sound :
but if analogy may decide, it is clearly in fa-
vour of the latter ; for there is no axiom in
our pronunciation, more indisputable than
that which makes g silent before n in the
same syllable. This is constantly the case
in sign, and all its compounds, as resign, de-
sign, consign, assign; and in indign, condign,
malign, benign ; all pronounced as if written
sine, rez'mc, &c. In which words we find the
vowel i long and open, to compensate, as it
were, for the suppression of g, as every other
word ending in gn, when the accent is on
the syllable, has a diphthong pronounceft
like a long open vowel, as arraign, campaign,
feign, reign, deign ; and consequently, un-
less the vowel u can produce some special
52
'PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS GJV AND
privilege which the other vowels have not, ' quire a similar pronunciation in all these
we must, if we pronounce according to ana-, words, and that the vowel should be long,
logv, make the u in this situation long, and The same inconsistency is observable in Mr.
tound impugn, as if written impune.
386. The same analogy will oblige us to
pronounce impregn, oj>pugn, cxpugn, propugn,
as if written imprene, nppitne, c.rj)une, pro- 1
Sheridan's pronunciation of the verbal nouns;
for he expunges tbe g in impugner, and writes
it impuner, but preserves it in oppugner, and
propngner. Mr. Scott has only the word
pune, not only when these verbs are in the propugner, which he very properly, as well
infinitive mood, but in the preterits, partici- 1 as consistently, spells projmner. Mr. Perry
pies, and verbal nouns formed from them, as has propunner and impunner, and Barclay
impugned, impugning, and impugner, must be
pronounced impuned, impuning, and impuner.
The same may be observed of the rest. Per-
haps it will gratify a curious observer of
pronunciation to see the diversity and uncer-
tainty of our orthoepists in their notation of
the words before us : —
impune, Sheridan, ScotL Nares, Murray.
Barclay says the g in this word and il
rivatives is mute, but takes no notice of
the quantity of the «.
im/mn, Buchanan, Kenrick, Perry.
im/ning, Vf. Johnston.
of>l>une, Sheridan, Scott, Nares, Murray.
of'j'ftii, Kenrick, Perry, Barclay.
ojipung, W. Johnston.
ffojiune, Sheridan, Scott, Perry, Nares
projiu,ngt Barclay.
imprene, Nares, Murray.
UK/w£n, Sheridan, Kenrick, Perry.
Barclay says the g_ is mute, but says no-
thing of the quantity of the «.
wcptine, Sheridan Scott, Nares.
et'rtin, Perry, Barclay.
impuner, Sheridan.
timjwned, Murray.
imjtfinner. Perry, Barclay.
ojipvgiier, Sheridan.
propugner, Sheridan.
propuner, Scott.
propti n ner. Perry.
Nothing is clearer than that all these words
ought to follow the same fortune, and should
be pronounced alike. How then shall be re-
conciled Mr. Sheridan's pronouncing impugn,
oppugn, expugn, and propugn, with the «
long, and impregn with the e short ? Ken-
rick, who has not the word propugn, is con-
sistent in pronouncing the rest with the vowel
short. The same may be observed of Scott,
who adopts the long sound, but has not the
word impregn. Mr. Perry gives the short
sound to all but propugn, where he makes
the u long, but absurdly makes the verbal
noun propunner ; and W . Johnston, who has
only impugn and oppugn, pronounces the
vowel short, and spells them impung, and op-
ottHg. Barclay, under the word impung,
•ays the g in this word and its derivatives is
loute, without noticing the quantity of the
vowels, but spells oppugn, nppun; and of
impregn, onry says the g is mute ; but writes
propugn, propung, in the manner that W.
Johnston does impugn, and oppugn : but Mr.
Kares observes, that analogy seeins to re-
impunner only. — The inconsistency here re
marked arises from not attending to the ana-
logy of pronunciation, which requires even-
verbal noun to be pronounced exactly like
the verb, with the mere addition of the ter-
mination : thus, singer is only adding er to
the verb sing, without suffering the g to ar-
ticulate the e, as it does \njinger, and linger,
&c. The same may be observed of a signer,.
one who signs: and as a corroboration of
this doctrine, we may take notice that the
additional er and est, in the comparatives
and superlatives of adjectives, make no al-
teration in the sound of the radical word ;
this is obvious in the words benigner, bcnign-
fst, &c. except younger, longer, and stronger.
See No. 381.
387. But in every other compound where
these letters occur, the n articulates the lat-
ter syllable, and g is heard distinctly in the
former, as, sig-nify, malig-nity, assignation,
&c. Some affected speakers, either ignorant
of the rules for pronouncing English, or over-
complaisant to the French, pronounce physi-
ognomy, cognizajice, and recognizance, without
the g ; but this is a gross violation of the
first principles of spelling. The only words
to keep these speakers in countenance are,
poignant and champignon, not long ago im-
ported from France, and pronounced poiniant,
champinion. The first of these words will
probably be hereafter written without the g ;
while the latter, confined to the kitchen,
may be looked upon as technical, and allow-
ed an exclusive privilege. See COGNIZANCE.
388. Bagnio, seignior, seraglio, intaglio,
and oglio, pronounced ban-yo, seen-yar, seral-
yo, intal-yo, and ole-yo, may be considered as
foreign coxcombs, and treated with civility,
by omitting the g, while they do not pervert
the pronunciation of our native English
words.
GM in the same Syllable.
389. What has been said of gn is applica-
ble to gm. We have but one word in the
language where these letters end a word with
the accent on it, and that is phlegm ; in this
the g is always mute, and the e, according to
analogy, ought to be pronounced long, as if
the word w ere written jle~ne : but a short
pronunciation of the e has generally obtain-
PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS GM, GH, GHT, &c.
53
• ed. and we commonly near it flem ; it is
highly probable Pope pronounced it proper-
ly, where he says —
" OUT Critics take a contrary ertreme ;
" They judge with fury, hut they write with p/,ttgm.'
Ki*ty an Criticism.
Perhaps it would not be difficult to reduce
this word to analogy, as some speakers stil!
pronounce the e long : but in the compounds
of this word, as in those where gn occur, the
vowel is shortened, and the g pronounced as
in phleg-mon, phleg-nwnnus, phlcg-matic, and
p/i/eg-magogues ; though Mr. Sheridan, for no
reason I can conceive, sinks the g in the last
word. When these letters end a syllable not
under the accent, the g is silent, but the pre-
ceding vowel is shortened : thus paradigm,
pnrapegtH, diaphragm, apophthegm, are pro-
nounced, paradim, parajtem, diaphram, apo-
them.
GH.
390. This combination, at the beginning of
a word, drops the h, as in ghost, ghastly,
ghastneiis, gherkin, pronounced gout, rhym-
ing with most ; goodly, gastness, gcrkin : but
when these letters come at the end of a word,
they form some of the greatest anomalies in
our language ; gh, at the end of words, is ge-
nerally silent, and consequent!)' the preced-
ing vowel or diphthong is long, as, high, nigh,
thigh, neigh, weigh, inveigh, eugh, (the obsolete
way of spelling yew, a tree,) bough, dough,
tJiough, although, dough, (a cliff,) plough, fur-
lough, slough, (a miry place,) through, through-
out, thorough, borough, usquebaugh, pugh !
391. Gh is frequently pronounced like^ as
laugh, laughter, cough, chough, dough, (an al-
lowance in weight,) slough, (the cast skin of
a snake or sore,) enough, rough, tough, trough.
392. Gh is sometimes changed into ck, as
hough, shough, lough, pronounced hock, shock,
lock : sometimes we hear only the g sounded,
a* in burgh, burgher, and burghership.
GHT.
393. Gh, in this termination, is always
silent, as fight, night, bought, fought, &c.
The only exception is draught ; which, in
poetry, is most frequently rhymed with
caught, taught, &c. but in prose, is so uni
versally pronounced as if written draft, that
the poetical sound of it grows uncouth, and
i* becoming obsolete. Draughts, the game,
is also pronounced drafts. Drought (dryness)
h vulgarly pronounced drowth: it is even
written so by Milton; but in this he is not
to be imitated, having mistaken the analogy
of this word, as well as that of height, which
he spells heighth, and which is frequently so
pronounced by the vulgar. See the words
and DROUGHT.
394. This letter is no more than breathing
forcibly before the succeeding vowel is pro-
nounced. At the beginning of words, it is
always sounded, except in heir, heiress, hon-
est, honesty, honour, honourable, herb, herbage,
hospital, hostler, hour, humble, humour, hu-
morous, humorsome. Ben Jonson leaves out
the h in host, and classes it in this respect with
honest.
395. H is always silent after r, as rhetoric,
rhapsody, rheum, rheumatism, rhinoceros,
rhomb, rhubarb, myrrh, catarrh, and their
compounds.
396. H final, preceded by a vowel, is always
silent, as, ah ! hah ! oh ! foh ! sirrah, hallelu-
jah, Messiah.
397. This letter is often sunk after iv, par-
ticularly in the Capital, where we do not find
the least distinction of sound between while
and wile, whet and wet, ivhere and wear
Trifling as this difference may appear at fir^t
sight, it tends greatly to weaken and impo-
verish the pronunciation, as well as sometimes
to confound words of a very different mean-
ing. The Saxons, as Dr. Lowth observes,
placed the A before the w, as, hwat: and this
is certainly its true place : for, in the pronun-
ciation of all words beginning with wh, w.e
ought to breathe forcibly before we pronounce
the w, as if the words were written hoo-ai,
hoo-ile, &c. and then we shall avoid that fee-
ble, cockney pronunciation, which is so disa-
greeable to a correct ear.
J.
398. J i* pronounced exactly like soft g,
and is perfectly uniform in its sound, except
in the word hallelujah, where it is pronounced
like y.
K.
399. K has exactly the sound of hard c :
it is always silent before n in the same sylla-
ble, as knee, kneel, knack, knight, know, knuc-
kle, knab, knag, knap, knare, knave, knit, knock,
knot, knoll.
400. It has been a custom within these
twenty years to omit the k at the end of
-word* when preceded by c. This has intro-
duced a novelty into the language, which is
that of ending a word with an unusual letter,
and is not only a blemish in the face of it,
but may possibly produce some irregularity
in future fonnatives ; for mimicking must be
written wkh the k, though to mimic is with-
out it. If we use colic as a verb, which is
not uncommon, we must write colicking and
colicked ; and though physicking and physick-
ed are not the most elegant words, they are
not quite out of the line of formation. Tlu»
PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANT L.
omission of k is, however, too general to be
counteracted, even by the authority of John-
•on : but it is to be hoped it will be confined
to words from the learned languages : and in-
deed, as there is not the same vanity of ap-
pearing learned in the Saxon, as in the La-
tin and Greek, there is no great fear that
thick and stick will lose their k, though they
never had it in the original.
L.
401. Ben Jonson says L melteth in the
sounding, and is therefore called a liquid.
This, however, cannot be the reason that r
is called a liquid ; for no two letters can, in
'this respect, be more opposite. See No. 21.
L is mute in almond, calf, half, calve, halve,
chaldron, falcon, folk, yo'k, (better written yelk,
with the / sounded) fiisil, halser, malmsey,
talmon, salve, talbot (a species of dog). See
.SALVE.
402. L is mute also between a and k in
the same syllable, as balk, chalk, talk, stalk,
walk.
403. L is silent likewise between a and m
in the same syllable, as alms, balm, calm, palm,
psalm, qualm, s/ialm ; but when the m is de-
tached from the / by commencing another
syllable, the /becomes audible. Thus, though
the / is mute in psalm, palm, it is always heard
in psal-mist, psal-mody, and pal-mistry ; but
in balmy, and palmy, where the y is an ad-
jective termination of our own, no alteration
is made in the sound of the substantive which
sinks the /. (386.) Calmer and calmest ought
to have the / mute, as they are only degrees
of comparison ; and palmer and palmer worm
(except in the language of scripture, where
the / in palmerworm ought to be heard) are
only a sort of verbal nouns, which never al-
ter the sound of the original word, and there-
fore ought to have the / mute. But though
/ is sometimes mute in the noun salve, and in
the verb to salve, it is always heard in salver
(a kind of plate). See SALVE.
404. L ought always to be suppressed in
the auxiliary verbs would, coiJd, should : it is
sometimes suppressed in fault ; but this sup-
pression is become vulgar, (see the word). In
soldier, likewise, the / is sometimes suppres-
sed, and the word pronounced so-jer ; but
this is far from being the most correct pro-
nunciation : / ought always to be heard in this
word, and its compounds soldierly, soldiership,
&c.
405. L, preceded by a mute, and followed
by e, in a final syllable, has an imperfect
sound, which does not do much honour to
our language. The /, in this situation, is nei-
ther sounded like el nor lc, but the e final is
suppressed, and the preceding mute articu-
lates the /, without either a preceding or a
succeeding vowel ; so that this sound may h«
called a monster in Grammar — a syllable
without a vowel ! This will easily be per-
ceived in the words able, table, circle, &<:.
which are pronounced as if written abl, tabl,
circl, &.c. and in those still more Gothick and
uncouth abbreviated participial terminations,
peopled, bridled, saddled, trifles, gaffles, Arc.
pronounced pec-pPd, bri-dfd, sad-dl'd, tri'Jiz,
gaf-Jlz, &c. (359) (472).
406. This letter has not only, like/ and ,c,
the privilege of doubling itself at the end of
a word, but it has an exclusive privilege of
being double where they remain single ;
though by what right cannot well be conceiv-
ed. Thus, according to the general rule,
when a verb ends in a single consonant, pre-
ceded by a single vowel, and the accent is on
the last syllable, the consonant is doubled
when a participial termination is added, as ~a-
bet, abetting, beg, begging, begin, beginning, &c.
but when the accent is not on the last sylla-
ble of the verb, the consonant remains single,
as suffered, suffering, benefiting, &c. but the /
is doubled, whether the accent be on the last
syllable or not, as duelling, levelling, victual-
ling, (ravelling, traveller, &c. This gross ir-
regularity, however, would not have been ta-
ken notice of in this place, if it had not sug-
gested an absurdity in pronunciation, occa-
sioned by the omission of /. Though the
latter / is useless in traveller, victualler, &c. it
is not so in controller : for as II is a mark of
the deep broad sound of a in ball, tall, all, Stc.
(84) so the same letters are the sign of the
long open sound of o in boll (a round stalk of
a plant), tojoll, noil, (the head,) knoll, (a little
hill,) poll, clodpoll, roll, scroll, droll, troll,
stroll, toll : for which reason, leaving out one
/ in bethral, catcal, miscal, overfal, forestal,
reinstal, downfal, withal, control, and unrol,
as we find them in Johnson's Dictionary, is
an omission of the utmost importance to the
sound of the words ; for as the pronunciation
sometimes alters the spelling, so the spelling
sometimes alters the pronunciation.* Ac-
cordingly we find some speakers, chiefly the
natives of Ireland, inclined to give the a its
middle sound, to words commencing with at,
followed by another consonant, because they
do not see the // in the all with which these
words are compounded : thus we sometimes
hear Almighty, albeit, so pronounced as to
make their first syllable rhyme with the first
of al-ly, val-lcy, and extol is pronounced by
the Scotch so as to rhyme with coal ; and
with just as much reason as we pronounce
control in the same manner. For though
compounds may, in some cases, be allowed
• Thi« omission of the letter L, I see, has been rectified in the IS.M
quarto edition of Johnson's Dictionary ; and it would haye been weU
if the Kditors had acknowledged their obligations, and extended :h«u
eiiwndaiioru to the word Cudli- and w«ra! other*. .
PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS M AND If.'
to drop such letter&of their simples, as either
are not necessary to the sound, us in Christ-
mas ; or might possibly lead to a wrong one,
as in Reconcileable ; (which see) yet where,
by omitting a letter, the sound may be alter-
ed, the omission is pernicious and absurd (84-).
The same observations might be extended to
the numerous termination full, where, in com-
pounds, one / is omitted, though nothing can
be more certain, than that ful, with a single
/, has not the same sound as when this letter
is doubled ; for who could suppose, without
being used to the absurdity, that fulfil should
stand forful/jUl: but this abbreviation is too
inveterate and extensive to afford any hope,
that the great arbiters of orthography, the
printers, will ever submit to the additional
trouble of putting toother /.
M.
407. M preserves its sound in every word.
except comptroller ; compt and accompt are
now universally written as they are pro-
nounced, count and account ; and though
»t and p are preserved to the eye in the
officer called a comptroller, the word is pro-
nounced exactly like the noun controller, one
who controls.
408. N has two sounds; the one simple
and pure, as in man, net, &c. the other com-
pounded and mixed, as in hang, thank, &c.
The latter sound is heard when it is followed
by the sharp or flat guttural mutes, g hard,
or k ; or its representatives, c hard, qu or x :
but it may be observed, that so prone is our
language to the flat mutes, that when n is
followed by k, or its representatives, the flat
mute g seems interposed between them : thus
thank, banquet, anxiout, are pronounced as if
written, not than-k, ban-quet, an-xious, but
thangk, bangkquct, angkshus. But this coali-
tion of the sound of n and g, or hard c, is
only when the accent is on them ; for when
the g or hard c articulates the accented syl-
lable, the n becomes pure •. thus, though con-
gress and congregate, are pronounced as if
written cong-grcss and cong-gregate, yet the
first syllable of congratulate and congressive,
ought to be pronounced without the ringing
sound of re, and exactly like the same sylla-
ble in contrary. The same difference may
be observed in the words concourse and con-
cur ; the first word, which has the accent on
the first syllable, is pronounced as if written
cong-course ; and the last, which has the ac-
cent on the second syllable, with n pure. It
must, however, be carefully observed, that
the secondary accent has the same power of
melting the n into the succeeding hard g or
r, as the primary (522) : thus congregation
and concremation have the first syllable pro-
nounced as if written cong,
409. It may, perhaps, be worthy of notice,
that when n is followed by k, the k has a
finished or complete sound, as in link, think,
&c. but when n is followed by hard g, the g
has an unfinished or imperfect sound, as in
hang, bang, &c. where we may observe the
tongue to rest upon the palate in the sound
of g; but when this letter is carried off" to ar-
ticulate another syllable, its sound is com-
pleted, as in anger and Bangor (the name of
a town,) where the sound of g may be per-
ceived to be very different from the noun
hanger, (a sword,) and banger (one who beats
or bangs). This perfect sound of g is heard
in all simples, as, anger, angle, finger, linger,
conger, angui-sh, languish, distinguish, extin-
guish, unguent: but in words derived from
verbs or adjectives, ending in ng, the g con-
tinues imperfect, as it was in them. Thus, a
singer (one who sings,) does not finish the g
like finger, but is merely er added to sing :
the same may be observed of sing-ing, bring
ing, and hang-ing. So adjectives, formed by
the additon of y, have the imperfect sound of
g, as in the original word : thus springy,
stringy, dungy, and wingy, are only the sound
of e added to spring, string, dung, and wing ;
but the comparative and superlative adjec-
tives, longer, stronger, and younger ; longest,
strongest, and youngest, have the g hard and
perfectly sounded, as if written long-ger,
strong -ger,young-ger, &c. where theg is hard,
as in finger, linger, &c. And it may be look-
ed upon as a general rule, that nouns, adjec-
tives, or verbs, do not alter their original
sound upon taking an additional syllable. In
these three words, therefore, the Irish pro-
nounce more agreeably to analogy than the
English ; for, if I mistake not, they do not
articulate theg. (381.)
410. Hitherto we have considered these
letters as they are heard under the accent,;
but when they are unaccented in the parti-
cipial termination ing, they are frequently a
cause of embarrassment to speakers who de-
sire to pronounce correctly. We are told,
even by teachers of English, that ing, in the
words singing, bringing, and stringing, must
be pronounced with the ringing sound, which
is heard when the accent is on these letters,
in king, sing, and swing, and not as if written
without the g, as, singin, bringin, switigin.
No one can be a greater advocate than I am
for the strictest adherence to orthography,
as long as the public pronunciation pays the
least attention to it ; but when I find letters
given up by the public, with respect to sound,
I then consider them as cyphers; and, if my
observation do not greatly fail me, I can as-
sert, that our best speakers do not invariably
56 PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS P, PIf, Sic.
pronounce the participial ing, so as to rhyme phthisis, phthisic, and phthisical. In sapphire
with ting, king, and ring. Indeed, a very ob- the first p slides into ph, by an accentual co
vious exception seems to offer itself in those alition of similar letters, very agreeable to a-
verbs that end in these letters, as a repetition naiogy. See EXAGGERATE.
of the ringing sound in successive syllables
would produce a tautophony (see the word,) y>
and have a very had effect on the ear; and 4H. Q has always the sound of k: it is
therefore, instead of singing, bringing, and constantly followed by u, pronounced like w:
flinging, our best speakers are heard to pro- and its general sound is heard in quack, quill,
nounce sing-in, bring-in, and Jiing-in ; and queen, &c. pronounced kivnck, kwifl, kieeen,
for the very same reason that we exclude the &c. That the n subjoined to this letter has
ringing sound in these words, we ought to ad- really the power of w, may be observed in
mit it when the verb ends with in, for if, in- the generality of words where a succeeds ;
stead of sinning, pinning, and beginning, we for we find the vowel go into the broad sound
should pronounce sin-nin, pin-nin, and begin- in quart, quarrel, quantity, &c. as much as in
nin, we should fall into the same disgusting war, warrant, urant, &c. (85.) But it must
repetition as in the former case. The parti- be carefully noted, that this broad sound is
cipial ing, therefore, ought always to have its only heard under the accent; when the a,
ringing sound, except in those words formed preceded by qu, is not accented, it has the
from verbs in this termination ; for writing, sound of every other accented a in the lan-
reading, and speaking, are certainly prefera- gnage. (92.) Thus the a in quarter, quarrel,
ble to writin, readin, and speakin, wherever quadrant, &c. because it has the accent, is
the pronunciation has the least degree of broad : the same may be observed when the
precision or solemnity. accent is secondary only, (522) (527,) as in
411. A' is mute when it ends a syllable, quadragesimal, quadrisyllable, &c. but when
and is preceded by / or m, as, kiln, hymn, the accent is on the succeeding syllable, as
limn, solemn, column, atttumn, condemn, con- \\\ qua-dratick, qua-dr -angular, &c. the a goes
tcmn. In hym-ning, and Itm-ning, the n is into the obscure sound approaching to the
generally pronounced, and sometimes, in very Italian a. (92.)
solemn speaking, in condem-ning and content- \ 415. As a great number of words, derived
•ting ; but, in both cases, contrary to analogy, from the French, have these letters in them,
.which forbids any sound in the participle according to our usual complaisance for that
that was not in the verb. (381.) language, we adopt the French pronuncia-
t p tion : thus in coquet, doquet, etiquette, mas-
querade, harlequin, oblique, antique, opaque,
412. This letter is mute before * and t at pique, piquant, piquet, burlesque, grotesque,
the beginning of words, psalm, psalmist, psai- casque, mosque, quadrille, quatercousin, the qu
modi/, psalmography, psalter, psaltery; the is pronounced like k. Quoif and quoit ought
prefix pseudo, signifying false, as, pseudogra- to be written and pronounced coif, coit. Pa-
phy, pseudology, and the interjection pshaw ! quet,laquey, chequer, and risque^Yiave been very
To these we may add ptisan, ptya/ism, ptys- properly spelled by Johnson as they are pro-
magogue. It is mute in the middle of words be- nounced packet, lackey, checker, and risk.
tween in and t, in empty, sempstress, perempto- Quoth ought to be pronounced with the u, as if
ry, sumptuous, presumptuous, redemption, ex- written kwuth, and therefore is not irregular.
emption,andra»pberry. In cupboardh coales- Liquor and harlequin always lose the u, and
ces with and fells into its flat sound b, as if writ- 'conquer, conquerable, and conqueror, some-
ten cubboard. It is mute in a final syllable times, particularly on the stage. This devia-
betwcen the same letters, as, tempt, attempt, ' tion, however, seems not to have gone be-
contempt, exempt, prompt, accompt. In re- yond recovery ; and conquest is still regular-
rcipt it is mute between i and t, and in the ly pronounced congkwest. Quote and quota-
military corps (a body of troops) both p and tion are perfectly regular, and ought never
* are mute, as custom has acquiesced in the to be pronounced as some do, cote and cota-
Frcnch pronunciation of most military terms. ' tion. Cirque, contracted from circus, and
cinque, cinquefoil, cinque-ports, cinque-sj)otted,
are pronounced sirk and sink : and critique,
PH.
413. Ph is generally pronounced like/, as
when we mean a criticism, to distinguish it
In philosophy, phantom, &c. In nephew' and from criiick, is pronounced criteek, rhyming
Stephen it has the sound of v. In diphthong ' with spcoJc. See QUOIT and QUOTATION.
and triphthong the sound of p only is heard ; „
and the h is mute likewise in naphtha, oj)h-
tltalmick, &c. In apophthegm both letters 416. This letter is never silent,, but its
are dropped. The same may be observed of sound is sometimes transposed. In * final
PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS R AND S.
57
unaccented syllable, terminating with re, the the rough and smooth r. Ben Jonson, in
r is pronounced after the e, as firre, lucre, sa- his Grammar, says it is sounded firm in the
bre, fibre, ochre, eagre, maugre, sepulchre, beginning of words, and more liquid in the
tiieatrc, spectre, metre, petre, mitre, nitre, an-
tre, lustre, accoutre, massacre; to which we
may add, centre and sceptre ; sometimes
written center and s eptcr ; but, in my opi-
nion, very improperly, as this peculiarity is
fixed, and easily understood ; while reducing
meagre to meager disturbs the rule, and adds
another anomaly to our pronunciation, by
making the g hard before e. (98.)
417. The same transposition of r is always
perceived in the pronunciation of apron and
iron / and often in that of citron and saffron,
as if written apurn, iurn, citurn, saffurn ; nor
do I think the two first can be pronounced
otherwise without a disagreeable stiffness ;
but the two last may preserve the r before
the vowel with great propriety. Childrtn
and hundred have slid into this analogy, when
Used colloquially, but preserve the r before
the e in solemn speaking.
418. As this letter is but a jar of the tongue,
sometimes against the roof of the mouth, and
sometimes at the orifice of the throat, it is
the most imperfect of all the consonants ;
and, as its formation is so indefinite, no won-
der, when it is not under the accent, that the
vowels which precede it should be so indefi-
nite in their sounds, as we may perceive in
the words friar, Her, elixir, nadir, mayor,
martyr, which, with respect to sound, might
be written friur, liur, clixur, nadur, mayur,
marlur. (98.) " These inaccuracies in pro-
nunciation," says an ingenious writer, " we
seem to have derived from our Saxon ances-
tors. Dr. Hicks observes in the first chap-
ter of his Saxon Grammar, that ' Compara-
tiva apud eos (Anglo-Saxonas) indifferenter
'exeunt in ar, aer, er, ir, or, ur, yr ; et Super-
lativa in ast, test, cst, ist, ost, ust, yst ; parti-
cipia praesentis temporis in and, and, end, ind,
ond, und, ynd : praeteriti vero in ad, ecd, id,
od, ud, yd ; pro vario scilicet vel £evi vel loci
dialecto.' Upon various other occasions al-
so they used two or more vowels and diph-
thongs indifferently ; and this not always
from difference of age or place, because these
variations are frequently found in the same
page. This will account for the difference
between the spelling and pronunciation ol
such anomalous words as busy and bury, now
pronounced as if written buy and bery (the i
and e having their common short sound), and
formerly spelt indifferently with e, u, or y."
Essay on the Harmony of Language. Rob-
son, 1774.
419. There is a distinction in the sound ol
this letter, scarcely ever noticed by any ol
middle and ends, as in rarer, riper ; and so
n the Latin. The rough r is formed by jar-
•ing the tip of the tongue against the roof of
the mouth near the fore teeth : the smooth
is a vibration of the lower part of the tongue,
near the root, against the inward region of
the palate, near the entrance of the throat.
This letter r is that which marks the pronun-
ciation of England, and the former that of
Ireland. In England, and particularly in
London, the r in lard, bard, card, regard, &c.
is pronounced so much in the throat as to
be little more than the middle or Italian a,
lengthened into load, baad, caad, regaad ;
while in Ireland the r, in these words, is
pronounced with so strong ajar of the tongue
against the fore-part of the palate, and ac-
companied with such an aspiration, or strong
breathing, at the beginning of the letter, as
to produce that harshness we call the Irish
accent. But if this letter is too forcibly pro-
nounced in Ireland, it is often too feebly
sounded in England, and particularly in Lon-
don, where it is sometimes entirely sunk ;
and it may, perhaps, be worthy of observation,
that, provided we avoid a too forcible pro-
nunciation of the r, when it ends a word, or
is followed by a consonant in the same sylla-
ble, we may give as much force as we please
to this letter, at the beginning of a word, with-
out producing any harshness to the ear : thus
Rome, river, rage, may have the r as forcible
as in Ireland ; but bar, bard, card, hard, &c.
must have it nearly as in London.
S.
420. As the former letter was a jar, this is
a hiss ; but a hiss which forms a much more
definite and complete consonant than the
other. This consonant, like the other mutes,
has a sharp and a flat sound ; the sharp sound
is heard in the name of the letter, and in the
words same, sin, this ; the flat sound is that
of z, heard in is, his, was: and these two
sounds, accompanied by the aspirate, or h,
form all the varieties found under this letter
(41.)
421. S has always its sharp hissing sound
at the beginning of words, as, soon, sin, &c.
and when it immediately follows any of the
sharp mutes, f, k,p, t, as, scoffs, blocks, hips,
pits, or when it is added to the mute e after
any of these letters, as, strifes, flakes, pipes,
mites.
422. S is sharp and hissing at the end of
the monosyllables, yes, this, us, thus, gas ; and
at the end of words of two or more syllables,
our writers on the subject, which is in my if it be preceded by any of the vowels but ct
opinion of no small importance i and that is, 'and forms a distinct syllable : thus et mpipct
58
PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANT S.
and nates do not form a distinct syllable ; and
as they are preceded by a sharp mute, the *
is sharp likewise: but in prices these letters
form a syllable, and the * is pronounced like
2, according to the general rule.
4'J3. The only exceptions to this rule are,
the words as, whereas, has, his, was : for bicu,
dowlas, Atlas, metropolis, baxis, chaos, tripos,
pus, chorus, cyprus, &c. have the final * pro-
nounced sharp and hissing.
424. Agreeably to this rule, the numerous
te minations in ous, as, pious, superfluous, Ac.
have the s sharp, and are pronounced exactly
like the pronoun us ; and every double * in
the language is pronounced in the same man-
ner, except in the words dissolve, possess, and
their compounds ; scissors, hussy, and hussar.
425. S in the inseparable preposition dis,
when either the primary or secondary accent
is on it, (522,) is always pronounced sharp
and hissing : the word dismal, which seems
to be an exception, is not so in reality ; for,
in this word dis is not a preposition : thus
dissolute, dissonant, &c. with the primary ac-
cent on dis ; and disability, disagree, &c. with
the secondary accent on the same letters,
have the * sharp and hissing ; but when the
accent is on the second syllable, the * is either
sharp or flat, as it is followed either by a
vowel, or a sharp or flat consonant : thus dis-
able, disaster, disease, disinterested, dishonest,
disorder, disuse, have all of them the * in dis
flat like z, because the accent is not on it,
and a vowel begins the next syllable ; but
discredit, disfavour, diskindness, dispense, dis-
taste, have the s sharp and hissing, because a
sharp consonant begins the succeeding ac-
cented syllable ; and disband, disdain, disgrace,
disjoin, disvalue, have the * flat like z, because
they are succeeded by a flat consonant in the
same situation. (435.)
426. S, in the inseparable preposition mis,
is always sharp and hissing, whether the ac-
cent be on it or not ; or whether it be fol-
lowed either by a vowel, or a sharp or flat
consonant, as miscreant, misaim, misapply,
misorder, misuse, misbegot, misdeem, misgovern,
&c. See the prefix Mis.
427. S, followed by e in the final syllable
of adjectives, is always sharp and hissing, as,
base, obese, precise, concise, globose, verbose,
morbose, pu/icose, ienebricose, corticose, ocose,
oleose, rugose, desidiose, close, siliculose, calcu-
late, tumulose, animose, venenosc, arenose, sili-
ginose, crinose, loose, operose, morose, edema-
tote, comatose, acctose, aquose, siliquosc, actu-
ose, diffuse, profuse, occluse, recluse, abstruse,
obtuse, except wise and otherguise, and the
pronominal adjectives these and those.
428. S, in the adjective termination rive, is
always sharp and hissing, as, suasivc, persua-
sive, assuasive, dissuasive, adtiesive, cohesive,
decisive, precitive, incisive, derisive, cicatrisive,
visive, plaiisive, abusive, diffusive, infuswe, m-
clusive, conclusive, exclusive, elusive, delusive,
prelusive, allusive, illusive, collusive, amusive,
obtrusive, &c.
429. S, in the adjectives ending in sory, is
always sharp and hissing, as, suasory, pcrsua-
sory, derisory, derisory, delusory, &c.
430. The same may be observed of * in
the adjectives ending in some, as, troublesome,
&c. and substantives in osity, generosity, &c.
431. Se, preceded by the liquids /, n, or r,
has the s sharp and hissing, as, pulse, appulse,
dense, tense, intense, sense, verse, adverse, &c.
except cleanse.
S pronounced like Z.
432. S has always its flat buzzing sound,
as it may be called, when it immediately fol-
lows any of the flat mutes, b, d, g hard, or v,
as, ribs, heads, rags, sieves. (24.)
433. S is pronounced like z, when it forms
an additional syllable with e before it, in the
plurals of nouns, and the third person singu-
lar of verbs; even though the singulars and
first persons end in sharp hissing sounds, as,
asses, riches, cages, boxes, &c. thus prices and
prizes, have both the final * flat, though the
preceding mute in the first word is sharp
(422.)
434. As s is hissing, when preceded by a
liquid, and followed by e mute, as, transe,
tense, &c. so when it follows any of the li-
quids without the e, it is pronounced like z,
as, morals, means, seems, hers. In the same
analogy, when * conies before any of the li-
quids, it has the sound of z, as, cosmetic, dis-
mal, pismire, chasm, prism, theism, schism, and
all polysyllables ending in asm, ism, osm, or
ysm, as, enthusiasm, Judaism, microcosm, parox-
ysm, &c.
435 S, in the preposition dis, is either sharp
or flat, as it is accented or unaccented, as ex-
plained above ; but it ought a' ways to be
pronounced like z, when it is not tf.xler the ac-
cent, and is followed by a flat mult, a liquid,
or a vowel, as disable, disease, disorder, disuse,
disband, disdain, disgrace, disvalue, dl'join, dis-
like, dislodge, dismay, dismember, dismount, dis-
miss, disnatured, disrank, disrelish, disrobe.
(425.) Mr. Sheridan, and those orthoepists
who have copied him, seem to have totally
overlooked this tendency in the liquids to
convert the * to z when this letter ends the
first syllable without the accent, and the li-
quids begin the second syllable with it.
43fi. S is pronounced like z, in the mono-
syllables as, is, his, was, these, those, and in
all plurals whose singulars end in a vowel, or
a vowel followed by e mute, as commas, ope-
ras, shoes, aloes, dues, and consequently when
it follows the w or y, in the plurals of nouns,
or the third person singular of verbs, as ways,
betrays, news, vieivs, &r
PRONUNCIATION OF THt CONSONANT S<
grease to grease
close to close
Aiwstf to house
ui.mse to mouse
louse to louse
abuse to nbuse
437. Some verbs ending in se have the
like z, to distinguish them from nouns or ad-
jectives of the same form.
Nouns. Verbs. Nouns. Verbs.
excuse to excuse
refine. to refuse
diffuse to diffuse
use to use
I rise to rite
| piemise to premise
438. Sy and sey, at the end of words, have
the * pronounced like z, if it has a vowel be-
fore it, with the accent on it, as easy, greasy,
queasy, cheesy, daisy, misy, rosy, causey, noisy;
but if the accent is on the antepenultimate
syllable, thesis sharp, as heresy, poesy, &c.
if a sharp mute precede, the s is sharp, as
tricksy, tipsy ; if a liquid precede, and the
accent is on the penultimate syllable, the s is
flat, as palsy, flimsy, clumsy, pansy, tansy,
jifirensy, quinsy, tolsey, whimsey, malmsey, jer-
sey, kersey. Pursy has the s sharp and
hissing from its relation to purse, and min-
strelsey and controversy have the antepenul-
timate and pre-antepenultimate accent : thus
we see why busy, bousy, lousy, and droivsy,
have the s like z, and jealousy, the sharp his-
eing s.
439. S, in the termination sible, when pre-
ceded by a vowel, is pronounced like z, as
pcrsua&ible, risible, visible, divisible, infusible,
conclusible ; but if a liquid consonant pre-
cede the s, the * then becomes sharp and his-
sing, as sensible, responsible, tensible, reversi-
ble, &c.
440. S, in the terminations sary and sory,
is sharp and hissing, as dispensary, adversary,
tuasory, persuasory, decisory, incisory, deriso-
ry, depidsory, compulsory, incensory, compen-
tory, suspensory, sensory, responsory, cursory,
discursory, lusory, elusory, delusory, illusory,
collusory. Rosary and misery, which have
the * like z, are the only exceptions.
441. S, in the termination ue, is pronoun-
ced like z, except in the adjectives before
mentioned, and a few substantives, such as
paradise, anise, rise, grise, verdigrise, mortise,
travise.
442. S, in the termination sal and sel,
when preceded by a vowel, is pronounced
like z, as, nasal, ousel, housel, nousel, reprisal,
proposal, refusal, and sharp and hissing when
preceded by a consonant, as, mensal, univer-
sal, &c.
443. S, in the termination son, sen, and
tin, is pronounced like z, as, reason, season,
treason, cargason, diapason, orison, benison,
venison, denison,foison, poison, prison, damson,
crimson, chosen, resin, rosin, raisin, cousin.
But the s in mason, bason, garrison, capari-
ton, comparison, parson, and person, is sharp
and hissing. (170.)
444. S, after the inseparable prepositions
ftre and pro, is sharp, as in presage, pretide.
presidial, prcseance, prescnsion, prosecute,
prosecution, prosody, prosopopcia ; but flat
like z in presence, president, presidency, pre-
sume, presumptive, presumption: but where
the pre is prefixed to a word which is signi-
ficant when alone, the s is always sharp, as,
pre-suppose, pre-surmisc, &c.
445. S, after the inseparable preposition
re, is almost always pronounced like z, as,
resemble, resent, resentment, reserve, reserva-
tion, reservoir, residue, resident, residentiary,
reside, resign, rcsignment, resignation, resili-
ence, resiliency, resilition, resign, resist, resist-
ance, resolve, resolution, resolute, result, re-
sume, resumption, resurrection.
446. S is sharp after re in resuscitation, re?
supination, &c. and when the word added to
it is significant by itself, as, research, resiege,
reseat, resurvey. Thus to resign, with the s
like z, signifies to yield up ; but to re-sign,
to sign again, has the s sharp, as in sign : so
to resound, to reverberate, has the s like z ;
but to re-sound, to sound again, has the »
sharp and hissing.
447. Thus we see, after pursuing this let-
ter through all its combinations, how difficult
it often is to decide by analogy, when we are
to pronounce it sharp and hissing, and when
flat like z. In many cases it is of no great im-
portance : in others, it is the distinctive mark
of a vulgar or a polite pronunciation. Thus
design is never heard with the s like z, but a-
mong the lowest order of the people ; and yet
there is not the least reason from analogy that
we should not pronounce it in this manner,
as well as in resign; the same may be observed
of preside and desist, which have the s sharp
and hissing; and reside and resist, where the
same letter is pronounced like z. It may,
however, be remarked, that re has the * like
z after it more regularly than any other of
the prefixes.
448. It may, perhaps, be worthy of obser-
vation, that though s becomes sharp or flat,
as it is followed by a sharp or flat consonant,
or a liquid, as, cosmetic, dismal, disband, dis-
turb, &c. yet if it follows a liquid or a flat
consonant, except in the same syllable, it is
generally sharp. Thus the s in tubs, suds,
&c. is like z ; but in subserve, subside, subsist,
it is sharp and hissing : and though it is flat
in absolve, it is sharp in absolute and absolu-
tion ; but if a sharp consonant precede, the *
is always sharp and hissing, as, tipsy, tricksy:
thus in the pronunciation of the word Glas-
gow, as the s is always sharp and hissing, we
find the g invariably slide into its sharp sound
k: and this word is always heard as if writ-
ten Glaskow. We see, therefore, that a pre-
ceding sharp consonant makes the succeed-
ing s sharp, but not inversely.
449. S is always sharp and hissing when
followed by c, except in the word discern.
60
PnoNUNCIATION OK THE CONSON'ANT S.
S aspirated, or founding like sh or zh.
450. S, like its fellow dental /, becomes
aspirated, and goes either into the sharp
sound *//, or the flat sound zh, when the ac-
cent is on the preceding vowel, and it is fol-
lowed by a semi-consonant diphthong, as,
nauseate, or a diphthongal vowel, as, pleasure,
pronounced nausheate and plezhure. (195.)
451. S, in the termination sion, preceded
by a vowel, goes into the flat aspiration zh,
as, evasion, cohesion, decision, confusion, pro-
nounced evazhion, &c. but when it is preceded
by a liquid or another *, it has the sharp as-
piration sh, as, expulsion, dimension, reversion.
pronounced expulshion, &c.
452. The same may be observed of * be-
fore M ; when a vowel precedes the s, with
the accent on it, the * goes into the flat aspir-
ation, as, pleasure, measure, treasure, rnsure,
pronounced plezliure, &c. but when preceded
by a liquid, or another *, it is sounded th, as,
sensual, censure, tonsure, pressure, pronounc-
ed scnshual, censhure, &c.
453. From the clearness of this analogy,
we may perceive the impropriety of pronounc-
•isig Asia with the sharp aspiration, as if writ-
ten A skia ; when by the foregoing rule, it
ought, undoubtedly to be pronounced Azfiia,
rhyming with Arpasia, euthanasia, &c. with
the flat aspiration of z. Th:s is the Scotch
pronunciation of this word, and, unquestion-
ably, the true one : but if I mistake not, Per-
sia is pronounced in Scotland with the same
aspiration of *, and as if written Perzhia ;
which is as contrary to analogy as the other
is agreeable to it.
454. The tendency of the s to aspiration
before a diphthongal sound, has produced se-
veral anomalies in the language, which can
only be detected by recurring to first princi-
ples : for which purpose it may be necessary
to observe, that the accent or stress natural-
ly preserves the letters in their true sound ;
and as feebleness naturally succeeds force, so
the letters immediately after the stress, have
a tendency to slide into different sounds,
which require less exertion of the organs.
Hence the omission of one of the vowels in
the pronunciation of the last syllable of
fountain, mountain, captain, &c. (208) ; hence
the short sound of i in respite, servile, &c. ;
hence the * pronounced like z in disable, where
the accent is on the second syllable ; and like
t sharp and hissing in disability, where there is
a secondary stress on the first syllable ; and
hence the difference between the x in exer-
cifi; anil that in exert : the former having the
accent on it, being pronounced e£*> as if the
Word were written ecksercise: and the latter
without the accent, pronounced gz, as if the
word were written egzert. This analogy
leads us immediately to discover the irre^u-
| larity of sure, sugv, and their compounds,
which are pronounced shure and shugar,
though the accent is on the first syllable, and
ought to preserve the * without aspiration ;
and a want of attending to this analogy has
betrayed Mr. Sheridan into a series of mis •
takes in the sound of * in the words suicide,
presume, resume, &c. as if written skoo-iridt,
prc-zhoom, re-zJioom, &c. but if this is the true
pronunciation of these words, it may be ask-
ed, why is not suit, suitable, pursue, &c. to be
pronounced shoot, shoot-able, pur-shoo ? &c.
If it be answered, Custom ; I own this de-
cides the question at once. Let us only be
assured, that the best speakers pronounce a
like o, and that is the true pronunciation :
but those who see analogy so openly violated,
ought to be assured of the certainty of the
custom before they break through all the
' laws of language to conform to it. (69) (71.)
See SUPF.KABLE.
455. We have seen, in a great variety of
j instances, the versatility of *, how frequently
i it slides into the sound of z : but my obser-
vation greatly fails me if it ever takes the as-
piration, unless it immediately follows the
accent, except in the words sure, sugar, and
their compounds ; and these irregularities
are sufficient, without adding to the numer-
ous catalogue we have already seen unde*
this letter.
456. The analog}' we have just been ob-
serving, directs us in the pronunciation of
usury, usurer, and usurious. 1'he first two
have the accent on the first syllable, which
permits the s to go into aspiration, as if the
words were written uzhury and uzhvrer : but
the accent being on the second u in the last
word, the * is prevented from going into as-
piration, and is pronounced usurious. (479)
(480.)
457. Though the ss in passion, mission, &c.
belong to separate syllables, as if spelt pas-
sion, mis-sion, &c. yet the accent presses the
first into the same aspiration as the last, and
they are both pronounced with the sharp as-
pirated hiss, as if they were but one *. See
EXAGGERATE.
458. S is silent in isle, island, aisle, demesne,
puisne, viscount, and at the end of some
words from the French, as pas, sous, vis-a-vis ;
and in corps the two last letters are silent,
and the word pronounced core. (412.)
T.
459. Tis the sharp sound of J) (41); but
though the latter is often changed into the
former, the former never goes into the lat-
ter. The sound to which this letter is ex-
tremely prone, is that of s. This sound 01
t has greatly multiplied the hissing in our own
language, and has not a little promoted it in
I most modern tongues. That f and bt t and
PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANT T.
61 •
d, ft and g hard, s and z, should slide into each |
other, is not surprising, as they are distinguish-
ed only by a nice shade of sound ; but that t
should alter to s, seems a most violent tran-
sition, till we consider the organic formation
of these letters, and of those vowels which al-
ways occasion it. If we attend to the for-
mation of t, we shall find that it is a stop-,
page of the breath by the application of the
upper part of the tongue, near the end, to
the correspondent part of the palate ; and
that if we just detach the tongue from the
palate, sufficiently to let the breath pass, a
hiss is produced which forms the letter 3.
Now the vowel that occasions this transition
of/ to *, is the squeezed sound of e, as heard
in y consonant, (8) ; which squeezed sound
is a species of hiss, and this hiss, from the
absence of accent, easily slides into the s, and
*.as easily into sh : thus mechanically is gener-
ated that hissing termination turn, which forms
but one syllable, as if written shun. (195.)
460. But it must be carefully remarked,
that this hissing sound, contracted by the t
before certain diphthongs, is never heard but
after the accent : when the accent falls on the
v.owel immediately after the /, this letter, like
» or c in the same situation, preserves its sim-
ple sound : thus the c in social, goes into sh,
l>ecause the accent is on the preceding vowel ;
but it preserves the simple sound of s in so-
ciety, because the accent is on the succeeding
vowel. The same analogy is obvious in sa-
tiaie and satiety ; and is perfectly agreeable
to that difference made by accent in the sound
of other letters. (71.) See SATIETY.
461. As the diphthongs ia, ie, io, or I'M,
wtien coming after the accent, have the power
erf drawing the t into sk, so the diphthongal
vowel u, in the same situation, has a similar
power. If we analyse the M, we shall find it
commence with the squeezed sound of c, e-
qnivalent to the consonant y. (39.) This
letter produces the small hiss before taken
notice of, (459,) and which may be observed
in the pronunciation of nature, and borders
«o closely on natshur, that it is no wonder
Mr. Sheridan adopted this latter mode of
spelling the word to express its sound. The
only fault of Mr. Sheridan in depicting the
iound of this word, seems to be that of mak-
ing the u short, as in bur, cur, &c. as every
correct ear must perceive an elegance in
lengthening the sound of the u, and a vulgari-
ty in shortening it. The true pronunciation
seems to lie between both.
462. But Mr. Sheridan's greatest fault
seems to lie in not attending to the nature
and influence of the accent : and because na-
ture, creature, feature, fortune, misfortune, &c.
have the / pronounced like ch, or tsh, as if
written crea-chure,fea-ti>hure, &c. he has ex
tended this change of / into t<-h, or tsh, to the
word tune, and its compounds, tutor, tutoress,
tutorage, tutelage, tutelar, tutelary, &c. tumult,
tumour, &c. which he spe'ls t*hoon, tslnmn-
able, &c. tskoo-tur, tshoo-lriss, tshoo-tur-idzh,
tshoo-tfl-idzh, tshoo-tel-er, tshoo-tel-er-y, &c.
tshoo-mult, tshoo-mur, &c. Though it is evi-
dent, from the foregoing observations, that
as the u is under the accent, the preceding /
is preserved pure, and that the words ought
to be pronounced as if written tewtor, tetv-
mour, &c. and neither tshootur, tshoomult,
trhoomour, as Mr. Sheridan writes them, nor
tootor, toomult, toomour, as they are often pro-
nounced by vulgar speakers. See SUPER-
ABLE.
463. Here, then, the line is drawn by ana-
logy. Whenever t conies before these vow-
els, and the accent immediately follows it, the
t preserves its simple sound, as in Miltiades,
elephantiasis, satiety, &c. but when the accent
precedes the t, it then goes into sh, tch, or
tsh, as, natshure, or natchure, na-shion, vir-
tshuc or virtchue, patient, &c. or nashion, pa-
shent, &c. 464. In similar circumstances,
the same may be observed of d, as, arduous,
hideous, &c. (293) (294) (376). Nor is this
tendency of t before long u found only when
the accent immediately precedes ; for we hear
the same aspiration of this letter in spiritual,
spirituous, signature, ligature, forfeiture, as if
written spirilshual, spiritthuous, signatshure,
ligatshure,forfeitshure, &c. where the accent
is two syllables before these letters ; and the
only termination which seems to refuse this
tendency of the t to aspiration, is that in
tude, as, latitude, longitude, multitude, &c.
164. This pronunciation of / extends to
every word where the diphthong or diph-
thongal sound commences with t or e, except,
in the terminations of verbs and adjectives,
which preserve the simple in the augment,
without suffering the t to go into the hissing
sound, as, / pity, thou piticst, he pities, or
pitied: mightier, worthier, twentieth, thirtieth,
Ac. This is agreeable to the general rule,
which forbids the adjectives or verbal termi-
nations to alter the sound of the primitive
verb or noun. See No. 381. But in the
words bestial, celestial, frontier, admixtion, &c.
where the s, x, or n, precedes the /, this let-
ter is pronounced like tch or tsh, instead of
sh, (29 !,) as, bcs-tchial, celes-tshiai,fron-t cheer >
admix-tchion, &c. as also when the / is fol-
lowed by eou, whatever letter precede, as,
righteous, piteous, plenteous, &c. pronounced
righ-tcheous, pit-cheous, plen-tcheous, &c. The
same may be observed of t when succeeded
by uou, as, unctuous, presumptuous, &c. pro-
nounced ung-tchuous, presuinp-tchuous, &c.
See the words.
TH.
4(35. This lisping sound, a» it tuny be mil
62 PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS TH, T, £c.
ed, la almost peculiar to the English. (4-l)| noiince the plural of truth, trurnt: but
(50) (469.) The Greek e was certainly not this must be carefully avoided.
the sound we give it : like its principal let-
ter, it has a sharp and a flat sound ; but these
are so little subject to rule, that a catalogue
will, perhaps, be the best guide.
466- Th, at the beginning of words, is
sharp, as in thank, think, &c. except in the
following words : This, that, than, the, thee,
their, them, then, thence, there, these, they,
thine, thither, thote, thou, though, thus, thy,
and their compounds.
467. Th, at the end of words, is sharp, as,
death, breath, &c. except in beneath, booth,
with ; and the verbs to wreath, to loath, to
undoath, to teeth, to smooth, to sooth, to mouth :
all which ought to be written with the e fi-
nal ; not only to distinguish some of them
468. Th is hard in the middle of words,
either when it precedes or follows a conso-
nant, as, panther, nepenthe, orthodox, ortho-
graphy, orthoepy, thwart, athivart, ethnic, mis-
anthrope, philanthropy, &c. except brethren,
farthing, farther, northern, worthy, burthen,
murther, where the th is flat ; but the two
last words are better written burden and
murder.
469. Th, between two vowels, is generally
soft in words purely English, as, father, fea-
ther, heathen, hither, thither, whither, whether,
either, neither, weather, wether, wither, gather,
together, pother, mother.
470. Th, between two vowels, particular-
ly in words from the learned languages, i»
from the nour s, but to show that th is soft ; : generally hard, as, apathy, sympathy, antipa-
for though th when final, is sometimes pro- thy, Athens, atheist, authentick, author, autho-
nounced soft, as in to loath, to mouth, &c.
yet the at the end of words is never pro-
nounced hard. There is as obvious an ana-
logy for this sound of the th in these verbs,
as for the z sound of * in verbs ending in se,
(4-37) ; and why we should write some verbs
with e, and others without it, is inconceiva-
ble. The best way to show the absurdity of
our orthography in this particular, will be
to 'Iraw out the nouns and verbs as they
stand in Johnson's Dictionary.
Adjectives and Nouns. Verbs.
breath, to breathe.
wreath, to wreath, to inwreathe.
loath, to loath--.
cloth, to cluat/ie, to undnalfi.
bath, to bathe.
tni'iolh to smooth.
mouth, to mouth.
swath, to ucathe.
C to tlienlh.
theath, 4 .
(_ to shtalhe.
sooth,., to south.
Surely nothing can be more evident than the
analogy of the language in this case. Is it
not absurd to hesitate a moment at writing
all the verbs with the e final ? This is a de-
parture from our great lexicographer, which
he himself would approve, as nothing but in-
advertency could have led him into this un-
meaning irregularity. — It may not be impro-
per to observe here, that those substantives
which in the singular end with th sharp, ad-
opt the th flat in the plural, as, path, parns:
bath, baTiis, &c. Such a propensity is there
to slide into the flat sound of*, that we fre-
quently hear this sound in the genitive case,
as. My trivc's portion, for my wife's portion.
In the same manner we hear of paying so
much for houze rent and taxes, instead of
house rent and taxes; and shopkeepers tell
as they have goods of all prizes, instead of
ell price*. Nay, ionic go so far as to pro-
rity, athirst, cathartick, cathedral, catholick,
catheter, ether, ethicks, lethargy, Lethe, levia-
than, litharge, lithotomy, mathesis, mathema-
ticks, method, pathetick, plethora, polymathy,
prothonotary, anathema, amethyst, theatre, am-
phitheatre, apothecary, apotheosis.
471. Th is sometimes pronounced like sim-
ple t, as, Thomas, tfiyme, Thames, asthma,
phthisis, phthisick, phthisical, and b silent in
twelfthtide, pronounced twelftide.
T silent.
472. T is silent when preceded by *, and
followed by the abbreviated terminations en
and le, as, hasten, chasten, fasten, listen, glisten,
christen, moisten, which are pronounced as if
written hace'n, chace'n, &c. in bursten, the t
is heard : so castle, nestle, trestle, wrestle,
thistle, whistle, epistle, bristle, gristle, jostle,
apostle, throstle, bustle, justle, rustle, are pro-
nounced as if written cassle, nessle, &c. in
pestle the t is pronounced ; in often, fasten,
and soften, the t is silent, and at the end of
several words from the French, as trait, gout,
(taste) eclat. In the first of these word*
the / begins to be pronounced ; in the last,
it has been sometimes heard ; but in the se-
cond, never. Toupet is more frequentl"
written toupee, and is therefore not irregular
In billet-doux the t is silent, as well as in
hautboy. The same silence of t may be ob
served in the English words, Christmas, chest-
nut, mortgage, ostler, bankruptcy, and ia the
second syllable of mistletoe. In currant and
currants, the t is always mute. See No. 102,
103, 405.
473. V is flat/, and bears the same rela-
tion to it as b does to p, d to t, hard g to k,
and z to *. (41.) It is never irregular; and
if ever silent, it is in the word twelvemonth,
where both thai letter and the e are, in
PnONUNCIATION OP THE CONSONANTS W, JJT, &c.
colloquial pronunciation, generally dropped
as if written IweC month.
W initial.
474. That w at the beginning of a wore;
is a consonant, has been proved already. (9'
(59). It is always silent before r, as in wrack,
wrangle, wrap, wrath, wreak, wreath, wreck,
wren, wrench, wrest, wrestle, wretch, wriggle,
wright, taring, wrinlcle, wrist, write, writhe,
wrong, wrought, wry, awry, bewray ; and be
fore h, and the vowel o, when long, as whole,
who, &c. pronounced hole, hoo, &c.
475. W, before h, is pronounced as if it
were after the h, as hoo-y, why, hoo-en, when,
&c. but in whole, whoop, &c. the single and
double o coalescing with the same sound in
w, this last letter is scarcely perceptible. In
twoon, however, this letter is always heard;
and pronouncing it soon, is vulgar. In sword
and answer it is always silent. In two it
mingles with its kindred sound, and the num-
ber two is pronounced like the adverb too.
In the prepositions toward and towards, the
» is dropped, as if written toard and tonrds,
rhyming with hoard and hoards ; but in the
adjectives and adverbs toward and towardly,
froward and frowardly, the w is heard dis-
tinctly. It is sometimes dropped in the last
syllable of awkward, as if written awkard;
but this pronunciation is vulgar.
X.
476. X is a letter composed of those which
have been already considered, and therefore
will need but little discussion. (48) (51.) It
is flat or sharp like its component letters,
and is subject to the same laws.
477. X has a sharp sound like ks, when it
ends a syllable with the accent upon it, as,
exercise, excellence, &c. or when the accent
is on the next syllable, if it begin with a con-
sonant, as excuse, expense. &c. (71).
478. X has its flat sound like gz, when the
accent is not on it, and the following syllable
having the accent begins with a vowel, t&
exert, example, exist, &c. pronounced egzert,
egzample, egzist, &c. The same sound may
be observed if h follow, as in exhibit, exhale,
&c. pronounced egzhibit, egzhale ; but if the
secondary accent be on the x, in the polysyl-
lable exhibition, exhalation, &c. this letter is
then sharp, as in exercise, (71); but in com-
pound words, where the primitive ends in x,
this letter retains its primitive sound, as^?xa-
tion, taxation, vexation, vexatious, relaxation,
&c. to which we may add the simples in our
language, doxology and proximity; so that
this propensity of x to become egz, seems
confined to the inseparable preposition.
479. X, like *, is aspirated, or takes the
sound of h after it, only when the accent is
before it : hence the difference between lux-
ury and luxurious; anxious and anxiety: in
the true pronunciation of which words, no-
thing will direct us but recurring to first prin-
ciples. It was observed that s is never as-
pirated, or pronounced like sh, but when the
accent is on the preceding syllable, (450);
and that when the accent is on the succeed*
ing vowel, though the s frequently is pro-
nounced like z, it is never sounded zh: from
which premises we may conclude, that luxu-
ry and luxurious ought to be pronounced
luckhsury and Ingzurious, and not lug-zJio*
ryus, as Mr. Sheridan spells it. The same
error runs through his pronunciation of all
the compounds, luxuriance, luxuriant, luxu'
riate, &c. which unquestionably ought to be
pronounced lug-zu-ri-ance, lug-zu-ri-ant, lug-
zu-n-ate, &c. in four syllables, and not in three
only, as they are divided in his Dictionary.
480. The same principles will lead us to
decide in the words anxious and anxiety: as
the accent is before the x in the first word,
it is naturally divisible into angk-shious, and
as naturally pronounced angk-shus ; but as
the accent is after the x in the second word,
and the hissing sound cannot be aspirated,
(456), it must necessarily be pronounced
ang-ziety. But Mr. Sheridan, without any
regard to the component letters of these
words, or the different position of the accent,
has not only spelled them without aspiration,
but without letting the s, in the composition
of the last word, go into z; for thus they
stand in his Dictionary : ank-syus, ank-si-e-
ty. (456).
481. The letter x, at the beginning of
words, goes into z, as Xerxes, Xenophon, &c.
pronounced Zerxes, Zenophon, &c. it is si-
lent at the end of the French billet-doux, and
pronounced like s in beaux; often and bet-
ter written beaus.
Y initial,
482. Y, as a consonant, has always the
same sound; and this has been sufficiently
described in ascertaining its real character,
)) ; when it is a vowel at the end of a word
or syllable with the accent upon it, it is sounded
exactly like the first sound of i, as cy-der, ty-
rant, re-ply, &c. but at the end of a word or
syllable, without the accent, it is pronounced
like the first sound of e, liberty, fury, tender-
Z.
483. Z is the flat s, and bears the same
relation to it as b does to p, d to t, hard g
to k, and v to/. Its common name is izzard,
which Dr. Johnson explains into * hard ; if,
lowever, this be the meaning, it is a gross
misnomer : for the z is not the hard, but the
soft s :* but as it has a less sharp, and there-
Profes«or Ward, spMktng of the reason for douMing the » at t>w
end of words, *ay»t " t doubled retain* k* |>rop«r foie«, whkb »h«n
OF THE NATURE OF ACCENT.
fore not so audible a sound, it is not impos- 1
sible but it may mean t turd. Zed, borrow-
ed from the French, is the more fashionable
name of this letter; but, in my opinion, not
to be admitted, because the names of the let- \
ters ought to have no diversity.
484. Z, like *, goes into aspiration before
a diphthong, or a diphthongal vowel after
the accent, as is heard in vizier, glazier, graz-
»>r,&c. pronounced vizh-i-er,glazh-i-er,grazh-
i-cr, &c. The same may be observed of azure,
razure, &c.
4-85. Z is silent in the French word ren-
dezvous ; and is pronounced in the Italian
manner, as if t were before it, in mfzzotinto,
as if written metzotinto.
Thus have we endeavoured to exhibit a
just idea of the principles of pronunciation,
both with respect to single letters, and their
various combinations into syllables and words.
The attentive reader must have observed
how much the sounds of the letters vary, as
they are differently associated, and how much
the pronunciation of these associations de-
pends upon the position of the accent. This
is a point of the utmost importance, and a
want of attending to it has betrayed several
ingenious men into the grossest absurdities.
This will more fully appear in the observa-
tions on accent, which is the next point to
be considered.
OF THE
NATURE OF ACCENT.
486. The accent of the ancients is the op-
probrium of modern criticism. Nothing can
show more evidently the fallibility of the hu-
man faculties than the total ignorance we are
in at present of the nature of the Latin and
Greek accent.* This would be still more
surprising if a phenomenon of a similar kind
did not daily present itself to our view. The
accent of the English language, which is con-
stantly sounding in our ears, and every mo-
ment open to investigation, seems as much a
mystery as that accent which is removed al-
most two thousand years from our view.
Obscurity, perplexity, and confusion, run
through even- treatise on the subject, and
nothing could be so hopeless as an attempt to
explain it, did not a circumstance present
itself, which at once accounts for the confu-
sion, and affords a clew to lead us out of it.
487. Not one writer on accent has given
us such a definition of the voice as acquaints
wfrf f H* *nd^f W°£K ,U **""' into «• "• *''*• *»'•• <*"<> Dr.
Wallii trlU at, rtiv ,t h almost i-rrtain, when a noun tws < h-ml in
the Ibl «IUbl«, and herons , Terb, that in the V»T£ CM ,1* , li
'' * *°"" '* prooounoed with the liard *. and <° *»wc
"in A«'nt
us with its essential properties : they speak
ol high and low, loud and soft, quick and
slow ; but they never once mention that
striking property which distinguishes speak
in" from singing sounds, and which, from its
sliding from high to low, and from low to
high, may not improperly be called the in-
flection of the voice. No wonder, when
writers left this out of the account, that they
should blunder about the nature of accent :
it was impossible they should do otherwise ;
so partial an idea of the speaking voice must
necessarily lead them into error. But let us
once divide the voice into its rising and fal-
ling inflections, the obscurity vanishes, and
accent becomes as intelligble as any other
part of language.
488. Keeping this distinction in view, let
us compare the accented syllables with others,
and we shall find this general conclusion may
be drawn : " The accented syllable is always
louder than the rest ; but when it has the ris-
ing inflection, it is higher than the preceding,
and lower than the succeeding syllable : and
when it has the falling inflection, it is pro-
nounced higher as well as louder than the
other syllables, either preceding or succeed-
ing." The only exception to this rule is,
" when the accent is on the last syllable of a
word which has no emphasis, and which is
the concluding word of a discourse." Those
who wish to see this clearly demonstrated
may consult Elements of Elocution, second
edition, page 181. On the present occasion
it will be sufficient to observe, that the stress
we call accent is as well understood as is ne-
cessary for the pronunciation of single words,
which is the object of this treatise ; and
therefore, considering accent merely as stress,
we shall proceed to make some remarks on
its proper position in a word, and endeavour
to detect some errors in the use and applica-
tion of it.
The different Positions of the English Accent.
489. Accent, in its very nature, implies a
comparison with other syllables less forcible ;
hence we may conclude that monosyllables,
properly speaking, have no accent: when they
are combined with other monosyllables and
form a phrase, the stress which is laid upon
one, in preference to others, is called empha-
sis. As emphasis evidently points out tl>e
most significant word in a sentence, so, where
other reasons do not forbid, the accent al-
ways dwells with greatest force on that part
of the word which, from its importance, the
hearer has always the greate>t occasion to
observe ; and this is necessarily the root or
body of the word. But as harmony of ter-
mination frequently attracts the accent from
the root to the branches of words, so the first
and most natural law of accentuation teems
ACCF, NT ON DTSSYLL ABIES.
to operate less in fixing the stress than any
of the other. Our own Saxon terminations,
indeed, with perfect uniformity, leave the
principal part of the word in quiet possession
of what seems its lawful property, (501) ; but
Latin and Greek terminations, of which our
language is full, assume a right of preserving
their original accent, and subjecting many of
the words they bestow upon us, to their own
classical laws.
490. Accent, therefore, seems to be regu-
lated, in a great measure, by etymology. In
words from the Saxon, the accent is general-
ly on the root ; in words from the learned
languages, it is generally on the termination ;
and if to these we add the different accent
we lay on some words, to distinguish them
from others, we seem to have the three
great principles of accentuation ; namely, the
radical, the terminational, and the distinc-
tive.
Accent on Dissyllables,
491. Every word of two syllables has ne-
cessarily one of them accented, and but one.
It is true, for the sake of emphasis, we some-
times lay an equal stress upon two successive
syllables, as di-rect, some-times ; but when
these words are pronounced alone, they have
never more than one accent. For want of
attending to this distinction, some writers
have roundly asserted, that many dissyllables
have two accents, such as convoy, concourse,
discord, shipwreck: in which, and similar in-
stances, they confound the distinctness, with
which the latter syllables are necessarily pro-
nounced, with accentual force j though no-
thing can be more different. Let us pro-
nounce the last syllable of the noun torment
as distinctly as we please, it will still be very
different with respect to force, from the same
syllable in the verb to torment, where the ac-
cent is on it ; and if we do but carefully watch
our pronunciation, the same difference will
appear in every word of two syllables
throughout the language. The word Amen
is the only word which is pronounced with
two consecutive accents when alone.
492. There is a peculiarity of accentuation
in certain words of two syllables, which are
both nouns and verbs, that is not unworthy
of notice ; the nouns having the accent on
the first syllable, and the verbs on the last.
This seems an instinctive effort in the lan-
guage (if the expression will be allowed me)
to compensate in some measure for the want
of different terminations for these ditierent
parts of speech.*
* It is not improbable that the verb, by receiving a participial
termination, has inclined us to pronounce that part of speech with an
accent nearer the end than we do the noun : for though -we can with-
out any difficulty pronounce the verb with the accent on the noun, we
cannot so easily pronounce the participle and the adverb formed from
it » ith that accent : thus we can pronounce to tntniperi with the ac-
cent on the first syllable; but not so easily transporting and Irdni.
portingly. This is a solid reason for the distinction, ami ought to in-
duce us, where we can, to observe it. A ttpulchn anil ta ItftlclH*
w*m to require it. S«e the word.
The words which admit of thi« diversity of
accent are the following : —
Nouns. Verbs.
Nouns. Verbs.
abject to abject
descant to descant
absent to absent
digest to digest
abstract to abstract
essay to essay
accent to accent
export to export
affix to affix
Extract to extract
assign to assign
exile to exile
augment to augment
ferment to ferment
bombard to bombard
frequent to frequent
cement to cement
import to import
colleague to colleague
incense to incense
collect to collect
insult to insult
compact to compact
object to object
compound to compound
perfume to perfume
compress to compress
permit to permit
concert to concert
prefix to prefix
concrete to concrete
premise to premise
conduct to conduct
presage to prestige
confine to confine
present to present
conflict to conflict
produce to prodiica
conserve to conserve
project to project
consort to coAaort
protest to protest
contest to contest
rebel to rebel
contract to contract
record to record
contrast to contrast
refuse to refute
convent to convent
subject to subject
converse to converse
survey to survey
convert to convert
torment to torment
convict to convict
trdject to traject
convoy to convoy
transfer to transfer
desert to desert
transport to transport
discount to discount
attribute to attribute
493. To this analogy, some speakers arc
endeavouring to reduce the word contents ;
which, when it signifies the matter contained
in a book, is often heard with the accent on
the first syllable ; but though this pronuncia-
tion serves to distinguish words which are
different in signification, and to give, in some
measure, a difference of form to the noun and
verb, in which our tongue is remarkably de-
ficient, still it is doubtful whether this dis-
tinction be of any real advantage to the lan-
guage. See Bowr,. This diversity of accen-
tuation seems to have place in some compound
verbs. See COUNTERBALANCE and the sub-
sequent words.
494. Sometimes words have a different ac-
cent, as they are adjectives or substantives.
Substantives.
Adjectives.
august, the month
august, noble
compact
compact
champaign, wine
champaign, open
e"xile, banishment
exile, small
gallant, a lover
gallant, bold
instinct,
instinct
invalid
invalid
Levant, a place
levant, eastern
minute of time
minute small
supine in grammar
supine, indolent
49.5. Sometimes the same parts of speech
have a different accent to make a difference
of sinification : —
66
ACCENT ON DISSYLLABLES AND TRISYLLABLES.
buffet, a Mow
lo conjure, to practise 7
magic 5
desert, a wildurnes*
sinister, insidious
buffet, a cupboard
conjure, to entreat
desert, merit
sinister, the left side.
496. In this analogy some speakers pro-
nounce the word concordance with the accent
on the first syllable, when it signifies a dic-
tionary of the Bible ; and with the accent on
the second, when it signifies agreement : but
besides that, there is not the same reason for
distinguishing nouns from each other, as
there is nouns from verbs ; the accent on the
first syllable of the word concordance gives a
harshness and poverty to its sound, which
ought to be avoided.
497. But though the different accentua
tion of nouns and verbs of the same form
does not extend so far as might be expected, it
is certain that in words of two syllables, where
the noun and verb are of different forms,
there is an evident tendency in the language
to place the accent upon the first syllable ol
the noun, and on. the last of the verb. Hence
the nouns outrage, upstart, and uproar, have
the accent on the first syllable ; and the
verbs to uplift, to uphold, and to outstrip, on
the last.
498. This analogy will appear still more
evident if we attend to the accent of those
nouns and verbs which are compounded o
two words. Every dissyllable compoundec
of words which, taken separately, have a
meaning, may be deemed a qualified substan
live; and that word which qualifies or de
scribes the other, is that which most distin
guishes it, and consequently is that whicl
ought to have the accent : accordingly
find that ink/torn, outrage, chairman, free/tola
tand-box, book-case, pen-knife, have the accen
on the first syllable, which is the specifying
part of the word ; while gainsay, foresee, o
vcrlook, undersell, have the accent on the las
syllable, which is the least distinguishing par
of the word. This rule, however, is, eithe
by the caprice of custom, or the love of har
mony, frequently violated, but is sufficientl
extensive to mark the general tendency o
the language. Akenside brings the verb t
comment under this analogy : —
" The sober zeal
" Of ag«, mmmenKng on prodigious things.**
Pttaima tftht Imagination.
And Milton, in the same manner, the ver
to commerce : —
" And tooH omtmrrrfn* with the akic*,
•• Thj rapt soul kitting in thine eje»."
II Pnteron.
499. Something very analogous to this w
find in the nouns we verbalize, by changin
the t sharp of the noun into the t flat, or
. of the verb, (437,) as a use, and to use ; wher
we may remark, that when the word in bot
parts of speech is a monosyllable, and so no
under the laws of accent, the verb, hpweve
claims the privilege of lengthening the soun
f the consonant, when it can, as well as when
cannot, prolong the accentuation ; thus we
ot only find grass altered to graze, brass to
raze, glass to glaze, price to prize, breath to
n-eathe, &c. but the c or t sharp altered to
le * flat in advice to advise, excuse to excuse,
evice to devise, &c. ; the noun adopting the
larp hissing sound, and the verb the soft
uzzing one, without transferring the accent
rom one syllable to another. The vulgar
xtend this analogy to the noun practice and
tie verb to practise, pronouncing the first
with the i short, .and the c like sharp s, as if
written praetiss, and the last with the i long,
nd the * like 2, as if written practize ; but
orrect speakers pronounce the verb like the
loun ; that is, as if written praetiss. The
oun prophecy, and the verb to prophesy,
ollow this analogy, only by writing the noun
with the c, and the verb with the *, and with-
ut any difference of sound, except pronounc-
ng the y in the first like e, and in the last
ike i long ; where we may still discover a
race of the tendency to the barytone pro-
nunciation in the noun, and the pxytone in
he verb. (467.) See the words.
500. This seems to be the favourite ten-
dency of English verbs ; and where we find
t crossed, it is generally in those formed from
nouns, rather than the contrary : agreeably
to this, Dr. Johnson has observed, that though
nouns have often the accent on the latter,
yet verbs have it seldom on the former sylla-
ble ; those nouns which, in the common or-
der of language, must have preceded the
verbs, often transmit this accent to the verbs
they form, and inversely : thus the noun wa-
fer must have preceded the verb to water, as
the verb to correspond must have preceded
the noun correspondent ; and to pursue must
claim priority to pursuit. So that we may
conclude, whenever verbs deviate from this
rule, it is seldom by chance, and generally in
those words only where a superior law of ac-
cent takes place.
Accent on Trisyllables.
501. As words increase in syllables, the
more easily is their accent known. Noun*
sometimes acquire a syllable by becoming
plural ; adjectives increase a syllable by be-
ing compared ; and verbs by altering their
tense, or becoming participles ; adjectives be-
come adverbs, by adding ly to them ; and
prepositions precede nouns or verbs without
altering the accent of the word to which
they are prefixed : so that when once the ac-v
cent of dissyllables is known, those polysylla-
bles, whose terminations are perfectly Eng-
lish, have likewise their accent invariably set-
tled. Thus lion becomes lioness ; poet, poe-
tess ; polite becomes politer, or politely, or
even poKtelier ; mischief, mischievous ; happy,
happiness ; nay, lioness becomes lionesses ;
ACCENT ON POLYSYLLABLES.
67
, mischifvousness ; and service, service-
able, serviceable-ness, serviceably, and unser-
viceafjfy, without disturbing the accent, either
on account of the prepositive un, or the sub-
junctives able, ably, and ableness.
502. Hence we may perceive the glaring
absurdity which prevails even in the first cir-
cles; that of pronouncing the plural of prin-
cess, and even the singular, with the accent
on the second syllable, like success and suc-
cesses ; for we might just as well say, dutch-
ess, and dutchesses, as, princess and princesses;
nor would a correct ear be less hurt with the
tatter than the former.
503. So few verbs of three syllables follow
the analogy observable in those of two, that
of protracting the accent to the last syllable,
that this economy seems peculiar to dissylla-
bles: many verbs, indeed, of three syllables,
are compounded of a preposition of two syl-
lables; and then, according to the primary
law of formation, and not the secondary of
distinction, we may esteem them radical, and
not distinctive : such are contradict, intercede,
supcrcede, contraband, circumscribe, super-
scribe, &c. while the generality of words end-
ing in the verbal terminations ise and ize, re-
tain the accent of the simple, as, criticise, ty-
rannise, modernise, &c. and the whole tribe
of trisyllable verbs in ate, very few excepted,
refuse the accent on the last syllable: but
words of three syllables often take their ac-
cent from the learned languages from which
they are derived; and this makes it necessa-
ry to inquire how far English accent is regu-
lated by that of the Greek and Latin.
Of the Influence of the Greek and Latin Ac-
cent on the. Accent of English Polysyllables.
(a) As our language borrows so largely
from the learned languages, it is not wonder-
ful that its pronunciation should be in some
measure influenced by them. The rule for
placing the Greek accent was, indeed, essen-
tially different from that of the Latin ; but
words from the Greek, coming to us through
the Latin, are often so much latinized as to
lose their original accent, and to fall into
that of the Latin ; and it is the Latin accent
which we must chiefly regard, as that which
influences our own.
(A) The first general rule that may be laid
down is, that when words come to us whole
from the Greek or Latin, the same accent
ought to be preserved as in the original ; thus
horizon, sonorous, decorum, dictator, gladiator,
mediator, delator, spectator, adulator, &c. pre-
serve the penultimate accent of the original ;
and yet the antepenultimate tendency of our
language has placed the accent on the first
syllable of orator, senator, auditor, minuter, i
cicatrlr, pleth ora, &.c. in opposition, to the
Latin pronunciation of these words, and
would have infallibly done the same by abdo-
men, bitumen, and acumen, if the learned had
not stepped in to rescue these classical words
from the invasion of the Gothic accent, and
to preserve the stress inviolably on the se-
cond syllable : nor has even the interposition
of two consonants been always able to keq)
the accent from mounting up to the antepe-
nultimate syllable, as we may see in minister,
sinister, character, magistrate, &c. and this
may be said to be the favourite accent of our
language. See MISCELLANY.
(c) But notwithstanding this prevalence of
the antepenultimate accent, the general rule
still holds good ; and more particularly in
words a little removed from common usage,
such as terms in the arts and sciences : these
are generally of Greek original ; but coming
to us through the Latin, most commonly
contract the Latin accent, when adopted in-
to, our language. This will appear plainly by
the following lists : and first, let us select some
where the Greek and Latin accents coincide.
plethora,
metabasis,
ei*phdsi\,
antupasis,
antith^is.
fttrti/iafi{.
protasis, irgeratrif.
metntliSsis, fttrattns.
epenlh&sis, iritHtns*
aphaerSsis, itpaigtfif.
(d) Another list will show us where the
accents of these languages differ :
antanaclasis,
Cfitac/iresis,
paracenlexis,
avra.vax.Xoif if.
antiptdfis, atriirruffif.
anadi]>losi3, «»a$<Vx &»«•<$.
avxSsis, ttS^rnr.s.
niatliestSt ftafaffif.
exegeais, i%»yn/rts.
hydrophobia, yJgo^«/3i'a.
cyclopaedia, Kux).tx-a.i-!x.
aporja, ifoaia.
prosopopoeia, *rgaff*rowi!*,
epiphonema, t-nfavnftx,
diaphnresis, ^mje^a-is.
diploma, S^VXai^a.
parttgoge, ir^ay^yi?.
apostrophe, u.<roffr£(.q>ri,
In this list we perceive the peculiar ten-
dency of the Latin language to accent the
long penultimate vowel, and that of the
Greek to pay no regard to it if the last vowel
is short, but to place the accent on the an-
tepenultimate. It will, however, be easily
perceived, that in this case we follow the La-
tin analogy : this analogy will appear more
evident by a list of words ending in o&is,
where, though the o in the penultimate syl-
lable is the omega, the GreeK accent is ou
the antepenultimate :
68
ACCENT ON POLYSYLLABLES.
oritf/igxvfis, antfreftu/ris, | three last words. The word alienate depart*
aTe(i*irif, ffutx^aufK,
from the Latin accentuation, by placing the
•ysft/fvnt, l^affuns,
stress on the first syllable, as if derived from
a**'"'??4"r'f' uftavgufif,
the English noun alien. The e in penctro is
ftintpofQaifis, ffutaix.:iufftf,
either long or short in Latin, and in this case
This analogy has led us to accent certain
we generally prefer the short sound to the
lon^ one.
words, formed from the Greek, where the o-
mega was not in the penultimate of the ori-
(ft) Words which have i in the penultimate
syllable :
ginal, in the same manner as those words
where this long vowel was found : such as
acclivous, accftuus.
c.rostosis, formed from U and «Wi«», synneurosis
from ru, and »t5»«y, &c. This tendency there-
declivous, dtclivut.
proclivous, proclluus.
fore has sufficiently formed an analogy j and
mitigant, miilgans.
since rules, however absurdly formed at first,
sibilant, tibtlnns.
are better than no rules at all, it would, in
vigilant, vigilant.
my opinion, be advisable to consider every
fulminant, fulminant.
word of this form as subject to the penulti-
discriminate, ditcrimlno.
mate accent, and to look upon apotheosis and
perspicience, perspir.lent.
metamorjyhotis, as exceptions.
(e) The next rule we may venture to lay
down as a pretty general one, is, that if the
words derived from the learned languages,
though anglicised by altering the termination,
conscience, consclens.
obedience, obedient.
pestilence, pestilent.
supplicate, suppllcans.
explicate, exjilicant.
abdicate, obdlcans.
contain the same number of syllables as in
providence, jrromdent.
the original languages, they are generally to
festinate, festlno.
be pronounced with the same accent : that
habitant, habitant.
is, with the same accent as the first person
beneficent, beneflcm*
present of the indicative mood active voice,
accident, accident.
or as the present participle of the same verb.
The reality of this rule will best appear by a
selection of such classes of words as have an
evident, evident.
indigent, indigetit.
diligent, diligent.
equal number of syllables in both languages.
negligent, negligent.
(/) Words which have a in the penultimate
ii 1 1 *
exigence, exigent.
intelligence, intelligent.
syllable :
deficience, deficient.
prevalent, prevalent.
mendicant, mendicant.
equivalent, (equivalent.
resident, resident.
adjacent, adjacent.
diffidence, diffident.
ligament, ligamen.
confidence, coiifulent.
infamous, infamis.
investigate, investlgo.
propagate, pra/>dgo.
castigate, custlgo.
indagate, indiigo.
extricate, extrlco.
suffragan, suffragans.
irritate, irrlto.
In this small class of words we find all but
profligate, Prlfti80>
the first two have a different accent in Eng-
instigate, msligo.
lish from that of the Latin. The rule for
In the foregoing list of words we find a
placing the accent in that language being the
very general coincidence of the English and
simplest in the world : if the penultimate syl-
Latin accent, except in the last eleven words,
lable is long, the accent is on it ; if short, the
where we depart from the Latin accent on
accent is on the antepenultimate.
the penultimate, and place it on our own fa-
(g) Words which have e in the penultimate
syllable :
vourite syllable the antepenultimate. These
last words must therefore be ranked as ex-
penetrate, penelro.
ceptions.
discrepant, discrepant.
(i) Words which have o in the penultimate
precedent, precedent.
syllable.
Elegant, elegant.
exuperant, exnpSrans.
interrogate, interrogo.
exuberant, exiibSruns.
eminent, cnifncns
arrogant, arrogant.
dissonant, dissonant.
Excellent, excellent.
alienate alleno
redolent, redolent.
insolent, insolent.
benevolent, bmevohis.
delegate, dttego.
condolence, conMlens.
In this class we find the penultimate e ac-
indolence, indolent.
cented in English as in Latin, except in the
armiyotent, armip'&lens.
ACCENT ON POLYSYLLABLES.
oinniptiU'tts.
omnipotent,
innocent,
renovate,
desolate,
dfcorate,
elaborate,
laborant,
ignorant,
suffocate,
In this list the difference of the English
and Latin accent is considerable. The last
six words desert the Latin penultimate for
the English antepenultimate accent, and con-
dolence falls into an accentuation diametrical-
ly opposite.
(£) Words which have u in the penultimate
syllable:
renftuo.
desolo.
decora.
eluboro.
labor ans.
ignoruns.
suffoco.
fabulate,
maculate,
adjuvate,
corrugate,
petulant,
disputant,
impudent,
speculate,
pullulate,
populate,
subjugate,
abducent,
relucent,
imprudent,
adjutant,
peculate,
indurate,
obdurate,
fabulor.
mac&lo.
adju.no.
cvrriign.
petuluns.
disj>uta»s.
impudent,
specular.
pullii/ii.
popiilo,
tubj&gn.
obducens-
relucens.
imprudent.
adjutant.
peciilor.
indiiro.
obduro.
Here we find the general rule obtain, with,
perhaps, fewer exceptions than in any other
class. Adjuvate, peculate, and indurate, are
the only absolute deviations ; for obdurate has
the accent frequently on the second syllable.
See the word.
(I) To these lists, perhaps, might be added
the English words ending in tion, sion, and
ity: for though tion and sion are really pro-
nounced in one syllable, they are by almost
all our orthoepists generally divided into
two ; and consequently •nation, pronunciation,
occasion, evasion, &c. contain the same num-
ber of syllables as natio, pronunciatio, occasio,
evasio, &c. and have the accent, in both Eng-
lish and Latin, on the antepenultimate sylla-
ble. The same may be observed of words
ending in ity, or iety ; as, diversify, variety, &c.
from diversitas, varietas, &c.
ftn) By this selection (which, though not
an exact enumeration of every particular, is
yet a sufficient specimen of the correspond-
ence of Latin and English accent) we may
perceive that there is a general rule running
through both languages, respecting the accent
of polysyllables, which is, that when a single
vowel in the penultimate is followed by a sin-
gle consonant, the accent is on the antepen-
ultimate. This is so agreeable to English a-
nalogy, that in words derived from the Latin,
| where the penultimate vowel, followed by a
single consonant, is long, and consequently
lias the accent, we almost always neglect this
exception, as it may be called, in the Latin
language, and fall into our own general rule
of accenting the antepenultimate. Nor is it
unworthy of being remarked, that when we
neglect the accent of the original, it is almost
always to place it at least a syllable higher ;
as, adjacent and condolence are the only words
in the whole selection, where the accent of the
English word is placed lower than in the La-
tin.
(n) There is, indeed, a remarkable coinci-
dence of accent between Latin verbs of three
syllables, commencing with a preposition, and
the English words of two syllables, derived
from them, by dropping a syllable,* as, excel-
lo, rebe/lo, inquire, con/mo, confuto, consumo,
deslro, exploro, procedo, procldmo, have the ac-
cent in Latin on the second syllable ; and the
English verbs excel, rebel, inquire, confine,
confute, consume, desire, explore, proceed, pro-
claim, have the accent on the same syllable.
This propensity of following the Latin accent
in these words, perhaps, in this, as well as in
other cases, formed a general rule, which at
last neglected the Latin accent, in words of
this kind ; as we find prefer, confer, defer, de-
sert, compare, complete, congeal, divide, dispute,
prepare, have the accent on the second sylla-
ble, though praefero, defero, confero, dcscro,
compare, compleo, congelo, divldo, disputo, pr<e-
paro, have the accent on the first : and this
propensity, perhaps, laid the foundation of
that distinction of accent which is so remark-
able between dissyllable nouns and verbs of
the same form. (492.)
(o) But when English polysyllables are de-
rived from the Latin by dropping a syllable,
scarcely any analogy is more apparent than
the coincidence of the principal accent of the
English word, and the secondary accent, (522,)
we give to the Latin word, in the English
pronunciation of it. Thus parsimony, cere-
mony, matrimony, melancholy, &c. have the
accent on the first syllable, because, in pro-
nouncing the Latin words, parsimonia, c<Ere-
monia, matrimonia, melancholia, &c. we are per-
mitted, and prone, in our English pronuncia-
tion of these word>' to place a secondary ac-
cent on that syllable. See ACADEMY, IRHE-
PARABLE, &C.
ja) With respect to the quantity of the
antepenultimate syllable in polysyllables, it
may be observed, that, regardless of the quan-
tity of the original, we almost, without ex-
ception, follow the analogy of our own lau-
He
'all •
to have had a faint idea of this coincidence,
•bt doming from the Latin, either of the s
ise, hold the accent as It ii tound in the first person present
atin Terlis, as, Ultimo, linimatt, ctlcbro, celtbrat* ; except word«
compounded of facia, as, lii/ue-facio, lii/vtfy ; and of ilatuo, as, runjfc-
ulu, comtitutr." English (irammar Of the extent and juslncw of
hoe observations, th« critical reader will be Ox best judgs.
TERMINATIONAL ACCENT.
guage. This analogy uniformly shortens the
vowel, unless it be u, followed by a single
consonant, or any other vowel followed by a
single consonant, succeeded by a semi-conso-
nant diphthong : thus the first u in dubious
is pronounced long, though short in the La-
tin word dnblus : the same may be observed
of the c and o in medium and emporium: and
the first i in delirium, and the first e in deli-
cole, are pronounced short in English, ac-
cording to our own analogy, (507,) though
these letters are long in the Latin delirium,
and detlcalus. For the quantity of English
•dissyllables derived from the Greek and La-
tin, see SYLLABICATION, Nos. 54-3, 544, &c.
Terminational Accent.
504-. We have seen that the Saxon termi-
nations, regardless of harmony, always leave
the accent where they fonnd it, let the ad-
ventitious syllables be ever so numerous.
The Saxons, attentive chiefly to sense, pre-
served the same simplicity in the accentua-
tion, as in the composition of their words ;
and, if sense were the only object of language,
it must be confessed, that our ancestors were,
in this respect, superior to the Greeks and
Romans. What method could so rigidly
preserve, and so strongly convey, the sense
of words, as that which always left the ac-
cent on the root, where the principal mean-
ing of the word undoubtedly lies? But the
necessities of human nature require that our
thoughts should not only be conveyed with
force, but with ease ; to give language its due
effect, it must be agreeable as well as force-
ful ; and the ear must be addressed while we
are informing the mind. Here, then, termi-
national accent, the music of language, inter-
poses ; corrects flhe discordant, and strengthens
the feeble sounds ; removes the difficulty of
pronunciation which arises from placing the
accent on initial syllables, and brings the force
gently down to the latter part of the word,
where a cadence is formed, on the principles
of harmony and proportion.
505. To form an idea of the influence of
termination upon accent, it will be sufficient
to observe, that words which have ei, ia, ie;
to, eu, coti, in their termination, always have
the accent on the preceding syllable : thus
atheist, alien, regalia, ambrosia*, caduceoux, &c.
the numerous terminations in ion, ian, Sec. qs
gradation, promotion, confusion, logician, phy-
sician, &c. those in ious, as, harmonious, ab-
stemious, &c. those in ecus, as, outrageous, ad-
vantageous, &c. These vowels may not im-
properly be styled semi-consonant diphthongs.
(196.)
506. The only exceptions to this rule are
one word in iac, as, elegiac, which has the ac-
cent on the t, and the following words in ia-
liacal, maniacal, demoniacal, ammoniacal, the-
riacal, paradisiacal, aphrodisiacal. and hypo-
chondriac al ; all which have the accent on
the antepenultimate i, and that long and open,
as in idle, title, &c.
507. Nothing can be more uniform than
the position of the accent in words of these
terminations; and, with very few exceptions,
the quantity of the accented vowel is as regu
lar as the accent ; for when these termina-
tions are preceded by a single consonant, e-
very accented vowel is long, except i; which,
in this situation, is as uniformly short : thus
occasion, adhesion, erosion, and confusion, have
the a, e, o, and u, long; while vision and de-
cision, have the i short. The same may lie
observed of probation, concretion, devotion, ab-
lution, and exhibition. The exceptions are,
impetuous, especial, perpetual, discretion, and
battalion, which last ought to be spelt with
double /, as in the French, from which it is
derived, and then it would follow the general
rule. National and rational form two more
exceptions ; and these are almost the only ir-
regularities to which these numerous classes
of words are subject.
508. Nearly the same uniformity, both of
accent and quantity, we find in words ending
in ic. The accent immediately precedes this
termination, and every vowel under this ac-
cent, but u, is short : thus Satanic, pathetic,
ellii>tic, harmonic, &c. have the accent on the
penultimate, and the vowel short : while tu-
nic, runic, and cubic, have the accented vowel
long.
509. The same may be observed of words
ending in teal, as, fanatical, poetical, levitical,
canonical, &c. which have the accent on the
antepenultimate syllable, and the vowels e, i,
and o, short j but cubical and musical, with
the accent on the same syllable, have the M
long.
510. The only exceptions to this rule are,
arsenic, choleric, ephemeric, turmeric, empiric,
rhetoric, bishopric, (better written bishoprick,
See No. 400.) lunatic, arithmetic, splcnetio,
heretic, politic, and, perhaps, phlegmatic ;
which, though more frequently heard with the
accent on the antepenultimate syllable, ought;
if possible, to be reduced to regularity
Words ending in scence have uniformly the
accent on the penultimate syllable, as quicsr
cence, reminiscence, &c. concupiscence, which
has the accent on the antepenultimate, is the
only exception.
511. In the same manner, if we take a view
of the words ending in ity, we find the accent
invariably placed on the preceding syllable,
as in diversity, congruify, &c. On a closer
inspection we find every vowel in this ante-
penultimate syllable, when no consonant in-
tervenes, pronounced long, as deity, piety, &c.
col, as, prosodiacal, cardincal, Miacal, gcncth- I A nearer- inspection shows us, that, if a coa*-
TERMINAT1ONAI. ACCENT.
71
sonant precede this termination, the preced- ]
ing accented vowel is short, except it be u,
as severity, curiosity, impunity, &c. we find too,
that even u contracts itself before two conso- !
nants, as in curvity, taciturnity, &c. and that
s -arcitij and rarity (signifying uncommonness;
for rarity, thinness, has the a short) are the
only exceptions to this rule throughout the
language. The same observations are appli-
cable to words ending in ify, as justify, clari-
fy, &c. The only words where the antepe-
nultimate accent, in words of this termina-
tion, does not shorten the vowel, are glorify
and notify. The y in these words is always
long, like the first sound of i; and both ac-
cent and quantity are the same when these
words take the additional syllable able, as jus-
tifiable, rarefiable, &c. (183.)
512. To these may be added the numerous
class of words ending in arous, erous, and o-
rous, as barbarous, vociferous, and humorous:
all which have the accent on the antepeuul-
mate syllable, except canorous and sonorous ;
which some unlucky scholar happening to
pronounce with the accent on the penulti-
mate syllable, in order to show their deriva-
tion from the Latin adjectives, canorus and
sonorua, they stand like strangers amidst a
crowd of similar words, and are sure to be-
tray a mere English scholar into a wrong
pronunciation.
To polysyllables in these terminations might
be added those in ative, atory, ctive, &c.
Words ending in ative can never have the ac
cent on the penultimate syllable, if there is a
higher syllable to place it on, except in the
word creative ; and when this is the case, as
it is seldom otherwise, the accent seems to
rest on the root of the word ; or on that syl-
lable which has the accent on the noun, ad-
jective, or verb, with which the word in ative
corresponds : thus copulative, estimative, al-
terative, &c. follow the verbs to copulate, to
estimate, to alter, &c. When derivation does
not operate to fix the accent, a double con-
sonant will attract it to the antepenultimate
syllable, as appellative ; and two consonants
have sometimes this power, in opposition to
derivation, as adversative and argumentative,
ft oil) adverse and argument. Indicative and
interrogative are likewise exceptions, as they
do not follow the verbs to indicate and inter-
rogate: but as they are grammatical terms,
they seem to have taken their accent from
the secondary accent we sometimes give to
the Latin words indicativus and interrogative,
(see the word ACADEMY.) Words ending in
ary, ery, or nry, have generally the accent on
the root of the word ; which, if it consists of
three syllables, must necessarily be accented
on the first, as contrary, treachery, factory,
&c. if of four or five, the accent is generally
on that syllable wliich has the accent on the J
related or kindred words; thus cxpostukitory
has the accent on the same radical syllable as
expostulate ; and congratulatory, as congratu-
late: interrogatory and derogatory are excep-
tions here, as in the termination ative; and
if pacificatory, sacrificatory* significatory, ve-
sicatory, &c. have not the accent on the first
syllable, it seems to arise from the aversion
we seem to have at placing even the secon-
dary accent on the antepenultimate a, (which
we should be very apt to do if the principal
accent were on the first syllable,) and the dif-
ficulty there would be in pronouncing such
long words with so many unaccented syllables
at the end, if we were to lay the accent on
the first. Words ending in ctive have the ac-
cent regularly on the penultimate syllable,
except adjective, which, like indicative, being
a grammatical word, seems to have taken its
accent from the secondary stress of the La-
tin adjectivus, (see ACADEMY,) and every word
ending in tive, preceded by a consonant, has
the accent on the penultimate syllable like-
wise, except substantive; and, perhaps, for
the reason just given. After all, it must be
owned, that words ending in ative and atory
are the most irregular and desultory of any
in the language; as they are generally accent-
ed very far from the end, they are the most dif-
ficult to pronounce ; and therefore, whenever
usage will permit, we should incline the stress
as much as possible to the latter syllable:
thus refractory ought never to have the ac-
cent on the first syllable; but refectory, with the
accent on the first, is a school term, and like
substantive, adjective, indicative, and interro-
gative, must be left in quiet possession of their
Latin secondary accent.
Enclitical Accent.
513. I have ventured to give the name of
enclitical to the accent of certain words,
whose terminations are formed of such words
as seem to lose their own accent, and throw
it back on the last syllable of the word with
which they coalesce, such as theology, ortho-
graphy, &c. The readiness with which these
words take the antepenultimate accent, the
agreeable flow of sound to the ear, and the
unity it preserves in the sense, are sufficient
proofs of the propriety of placing the accent
on this syllable, if custom were ambiguous.
I do not remember to have heard the accent
disputed in any word ending in ology ; but
orthography is not unfrequently pronounced
with the accent on the first syllable, like or-
thodoxy. The temptation we are under to
discover our knowledge of the component
* These words ought certainly to be accented alike ; and accord.
ingly we find Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. B.uclay, and Mr.
Smith, place the accent on the second syllable ; but though Penning
accents lignijimfory in the same manner, he places the accent on th«
antepenultimate of j»rr;/i<Y<(i>ri/; and Kenrick likewise accents the w-
nd syllabic of gignijictilory, hut the first of imcificatvry ; the othet
rds have avoided thet* mcwiMt-
ENCLITICAI. ACCENT.
parts of words, is very apt to draw us into j 515. This tendency in our language to sfm
this pronunciation ; but as those words which plify compounds, is sufficiently evident in that
are derived from the Greek, and are com-
pounded of \tyt(, have universally given in-
to this enclitical accentuation, no good rea-
son appears for preventing a similar pronun-
ciation in those compounded of
as by
placing the accent on the antepenultimate
syllable, the word is much more fluent and
agreeable to the ear. It is certain, however,
that at first sight the most plausible reason-
ing in the world seems to lie against this ac-
centuation. When we place the accent on
the first syllable, say our opponents, we give
a kind of subordinate stress to the third syl-
lable, graph ; by which means the word is di-
vided into its primitives «f&< and y^atfu, and
those distinct ideas it contains are preserved,
which must necessarily be confounded by the
contrary mode; and that pronunciation of
compounds, say they, must certainly be the
best which best preserves the import of the
simples.
5 1 1. Nothing can be more specious than
this reasoning, till we look a little higher than
language, and consider its object; we shall
then discover, that in uniting two words un-
der one accent, so as to form one compound
term, we do but imitate the superior opera-
tions of the mind, which, in order to collect
and convey knowledge, unite several simple
ideas into one complex one.
language," says Mr. Locke,
The end of
is by short
sounds to signify, with ease and despatch,
general conceptions, wherein not only abun-
dance of particulars are contained, but also a
great variety of independent ideas are col-
lected into one complex one, and that which
holds these different parts together in the u-
numerous catalogue of words, where we find
the long vowel of the simple changed into a
short one in the compound, and by this means
losing much of its original import to the ear :
thus, breakfast, shepherd, vineyard, meadoic,
shadow, zealous, hearken, valley, cleanse, clean-
ly, (neat,) j bre/iead, ivilderness, bewilder, kind-
red, hinder, knowledge, darling, fearful, plea-
sant, pleasure, whil&ter ; whitleather, seam-
stress, stealth, wealth, health, -wisdom, wizard,
parentage, lineage, children, pasty, gosling, col-
lier, holiday, Christmas, Michaelmas, windlas,
cripple, hinder, stripling, starling, housewife,
husband, primer, peascod, fiieldfare, birth from
bear, dearth from dear, weary from wear, and
many others, entirely lose the sound of the
simple in their compound or derivative.
516. The long i in white, when a simple, is
almost universally changed into a short one
in proper names, as, Whitchurch, Whitfeld,
Whitbread, W hillock, Wkitaker, &c. for com-
pendiousness and despatch being next in im-
portance to perspicuity, when there is no dan-
ger of mistake, it is no wonder that the or-
gans should fall into the shortest and easiest
sounds.
517. It must, however, be observed, that
this tendency to unite simples into a com-
pound, by placing an accent exactly where
the two words coalesce, is still subservient to
the laws of harmony. The Greek word S«<^,
which signifies to opine, and from which the
last syllables of orthodoxy are derived, was
never a general subjunctive word like
and
and even if it had been so, the
assemblage of consonants in the letter x would
have prevented the ear from admitting an
nky of one complex idea, is the word we an- accent on the syllable immediately preceding,,
nex to it. For," as Mr. Locke continues, ; as the x would, by this means, become diffi-
" men, in framing ideas, seek more the con- J cult to pronounce. Placing the accent, there-
venience of language and quick despatch by , fore, on the first syllable of orthodoxy, gives
short and comprehensive signs, than the true the organs an opportunity of laying a secon-
and precise nature of things ; and therefore, dary stress upon the word, which enables them
he who has made a complex idea of a body with ' to pronounce the whole with distinctness and
life, sense, and motion, with a faculty of rea- fluency : thus galaxy and cachexy, having the
son joined to it, need but use the short mo- [accent on the first syllabte, are very difficult
nosyllable, man, to express all particulars to pronounce ; but this difficulty is removed-
that correspond to that complex idea." So I by placing the accent a syllable higher in the
it may be subjoined, that, in framing words words apoplexy, atarajcy, and anorexy.
for the purpose of immediate communication, 518. But the numerous classes of words
the end of this communication is best an- that so readily adopt this enclitical accent,
swered by such a pronunciation as unites sufficiently prove it to be agreeable to the ge-
simples into one compound, and at the same nius of our pronunciation. This will more evi-
time renders the compound as much a sim-dently appear by adducing examples. Words
pie as possible : but it is evident that this is in the following terminations have always the
done by no mode of accentuation, so well as accent on that syllable where the two parts
that which places the accent on the antepen-
ultimate syllable of the words theology, ortho-
graphy ; and therefore that this accentuation,
without insisting on its superior harmony, must
unite, that is, on the antepenultimate sylla-
ble : in logy, as apology, ambilogy, genealogy,
&c. ; in graphy, as geography, orthography^
historiography, &c. ; in pliagus, as sarcopha-
bcs* answer die great end of language. C328.);giw, ichlkyiyhagus, androghagu*, &.C.; in
ENCLITICAL ACCENT.
<?»///, as, obloquy, soliloquy, ventriloquy, £c. ; in
strophe, as, catastrophe, apostrophe, anastrophe,
&c. ; in meter, as, geometer, barometer, ther-
mometer, &c. ; in gonal, as, diagonal, octagon-
al, polygonal, &c. ; in vorous, as carnivorous,
granivorous, piscivorous, &c ; in fcrous, as,
bacciferous, cocciferous, somniferous, &c. ; in
jiuous, as superfluous, mellifluous, fclliftuous,
73
desert the accent of their Latin originals,
while those in y-sis are accented regularly on
the antepenultimate in Greek, Latin, and
English, as analysis, paralysis, &c. We may
note, too, that every * in all these termina-
tions is sharp and hissing. See the words
EXOSTOSIS and APOTHEOSIS.
521. Words of three syllables ending in
&c. ; in fluent, as, mellifluent, circumfluent, in- for, have the accent on the penultimate, as
terfluent, &c. ; in vomoits, as, ignivomous,Jlain- spectator, collator, delator, &c. except orator,
mivomous, &c. ; in parous, as, viviparous, ovi- j senator, legator and barrator. But words in
parou-s, deiparous, &c. ; in cracy, as, theocracy, this termination, of more than three syllables,
aristocracy, democracy, &c. ; in gony, as, the- though they have generally the accent on the
agony, cosmogony, hexagony, &c. ; in phony, penultimate, are subject to a diversity not
as, symphony, cacoj)h<»iy, colophony, &c. ; in easily reduced to the rule : thus navigator,
machy, as, thcomachy, logomachy, scion/achy,
&.c. ; in nomy, as, economy, astronomy, Deute-
ronomy, &c. ; in tomy, as, anatomy, lithotomy,
arteriotvwy, &c, ; in scopy, as, metoposcopy,
deuteroscopy, aeroscopy, &c. ; in pathy, as, a-
palhy, antipathy, idiopathy, &c. ; in mathy, as,
opsimathy, polymatky, &c. &c. &c.
519. Some of these Greek compounds seem
to refuse the antepenultimate accent, for the
same reason as orthodoxy ; such as necroman-
ctj, c/iiromancy, hydromancy ; and those termi-
nating in archy, as hierarchy, oligarchy, patri-
archy : all of which have the accent on the
first syllable, which gives the organs time to
recover their force upon the third, and to
pronounce the two consonants with much
more ease than if the accent immediately
preceded them ; but periphrasis and anti-
phrasix, besides their claim to the accent of
their originals, readily admit of the accent on
the second syllable, because the consonants
in the two last syllables do not come to-
gether, and are therefore easily pronounced
after the accent. Words of more than two
syllables, ending in ague, as pedagogue, dia-
logue, &c. have the accent on the antepenul-
timate. Orthoepy, having no consonant in
the antepenultimate syllable, naturally throws
its accent on the foregoing. See Moxo-
MACHY.
520. By this view of the enclitical termin-
ations, we may easily perceive haw readily
our language falls into the antepenultimate
accent in these compounded polysyllables;
and that those terminations which seem to re-
fuse this accent, do it rather from a regard to
etymology than analogy : thus words ending
in asis, as periphrasis, apophasis, kypostasis, an-
tiperistasis, &c. have the antepenultimate ac-
cent of their originals. The same may be ob-
served of those ending in csis, as Jn/pothesis,
antithesis, parenthesis, &c. but exegesis, matlic-
ris, auxesis, catachrcsh, paracenlesis, aposiojie-
six, have the accent on the penultimate sylla-
ble, because the vowel in this syllable is long
in Greek and Latin. But all words ending
in osis have the accent on the penultimate,
except metamorphosis and apotheosis, which
propagator, dedicator, &c. are sometimes pro-
nounced with the accent on the first syllable,
and sometimes on the third ; but as these
words may be pronounced with an accent oo
both these syllables, it is of less consequence
on which syllable we place the accent, when
we use only one. (528.) The general rule
certainly inclines to the penultimate accent ;
but as all these words are verbal nouns, and,
though generally derived from Latin words
of the same terminations, have verbs corres-
ponding to them in our own language, it is
very natural to preserve the accent of the
verb in these words, as it gives an emphasis
to the most significant part of them : thus c-
quivocator, prevaricator, dedicator, might be
regularly formed from the verbs to equivocate,
to prevaricate, and to dedicate ; and, agree-
ably to analogy, would have been written e-
quivocater, prevaricater, and dedicafer ; but an
affectation of preferring every analogy to our
own, has given these words a Latin termina-
tion, which answers no purpose but to involve
our language in absurdities : but the ear, in
this case, is not quite so servile as the eye ;
and though we are obliged to write these
words with or, and not er, we generally hear
them pronounced as if they were formed from
our own verbs, and not from Latin nouns in
ator. But when the word has no verb in our
own language to correspond to it, the accent
is then placed with great propriety upon the
a, as in Latin : thus, violator, instigator, navi-
gator, &c. ought to have the accent on the
first syllable ; but emendator, gladiator, aduln-
tor, &c. on the last but one.
SECONDARY ACCENT.
522. Hitherto we have considered that ac-
cent only, which necessarily distinguishes one
syllable in a word from the rest; and which,
with very little diversity, is adopted by ail
who speak the English language.
523. The secondary accent is that s(re<s
we mav occasionally plwcc upon smother M!-
G
74.
SECONDARY ACCENT.
lable, besides that which has the principal ac-
cent, in order to pronounce every part of the
word more distinctly, forcibly, and harmoni- j
ously. Thus this accent may be placed on
the first syllable of conversation, commenda-
tion, &c.
524. There are few authors who have not
taken notice of two accents upon some of the
longer polysyllables, but none have once hint- I
ed that one of these is not essential to the j
sound of the word : they seem to have sup-
posed both accents equally necessary, and
without any other difference than that one
was pronounced more forcibly than the other.
This mistake arose from a want of studying
the speaking voice. A knowledge of this
would have told them, that one accent only
was essential to every word of more than one
syllable, and that the secondary stress might,
or might not, be adopted, as distinctness,
force, or harmony, should require ; thus, com-
plaisant, contraband, caravan, and violin, par-
tisan, artisan, courtesan, metaphysick, have fre-
quently an accent on the first, as well as on
the third syllable, though a somewhat less
forcible one. The same may be observed of
repartee, referee, privateer, domineer, &c. but
it must still be observed, that though an ac-
cent be allowable on the first syllable of these
wopds, it is by no means necessary ; they may
all be pronounced with one accent, and that
on the last syllable, without the least devia-
tion from propriety.
525. In order to give some idea of the na-
ture of the secondary accent, let us suppose,
that, in giving our opinion of an astronomi-
cal argument, we say,
" It is t direct demonstration of the Oopernican system."
In this sentence, as an accent is necessarily
upon the last syllable of direct, we seldom }
lay a stress on the first syllable of demonstra- j
tion, unless we mean to be uncommonly em- 1
phatical ; but in the following sentence,
" It U a demonstration of the Copeinican system. "
Here, as no accented word precedes demon-
stration, the voice finds a rest, and the ear a
force, in placing an accent on the first, as
well as on the third syllable.
526. But though we may, or may not, use
the secondary accent at pleasure, it is by no
means a matter of indifference on what sylla-
ble we place it : this is fixed with as much
certainty as the place of the principal accent
itself; and a wrong position of one would as
much derange the sound of the word, as a
wrong position of the other : and it must be
carefully noted, that though we lay no stress
upon the syllable which may have the second-
ary accent, the consonants and vowels have
exactly the same sound as if the doubtful
-\ liable (as it may be called) were accented.
Thus, though I lay no stress upon the second
syllable of negotiation, pronunciation, ccclesi-
astick, &c. the c and * go into the sound of
sh and zh, as if the secondary accent were
heard on the preceding syllable. (357,) (451,)
(459.)
527. It may be observed, in the first place,
that the secondary accent is always two syl-
lables, at least, distant from the principal ac-
cent : thus in demonstration, lamentation, pro-
vocation, &c. the secondary accent is on the
first syllable, and the principal on the third;
and in arteriolomy, meteorology, and hypo-
chondriacal, the seconder}' accent is on the
first, and the principal on the fourth syllable ;
and in the word indivisibility we may place
two secondary accents, one upon the first,
and the other on the third.
528. In the next place it may be observed,
that though the syllable on which the princi-
pal accent is placed, is fixed and certain, yet
we may, and do frequently make the second-
ary principal, and the principal secondary :
thus, caravan, complaisant, violin, repartee, re-
feree, privateer, domineer, courtfsan, artisan,
charlatan, may all have the greatest stress on
the first, and the least on the last syllable,
without any violent offence to the ear : nay,
it may be asserted, that the principal accent
on the first syllable of these words, and none
at all on the last, though certainly improper
has nothing in it grating or discordant ; but
placing an accent on the second syllable of
these words would entirely derange them, and
produce an intolerable harshness and disso-
nance. The same observations may be ap-
plied to demonstration, lamentation, provoca-
tion, navigator, propagator, alligator, and every
similar word in the language. But, as we
have observed, No. 526, the consonants t, d,
c, and *, after the secondary accent, are ex-
actly under the same predicament as after the
primary; that is, if they are followed by a
diphthong or diphthongal vowel, these con-
sonants are pronounced like sh, tsh, zh, or j,
as, scntentiosity, partiality, &c. (5^6.)
QUANTITY.
529. In treating this part of pronunciation,
it will not be necessary to enter into the na-
ture of that quantity which constitutes poe-
try ; the quantity here considered will be that
which relates to words taken singly ; and this
is nothing more than the length or shortness
of the vowels, either as they stand alone, or
as thej' are differently combined with vowels
or consonants. (63.)
530. Quantity, in this point of view, has
already been fully considered under every
vowel and diphthong in the language. What
remains to be said on this subject is, the quan-
tity of vowels under the secondary accent.
QUANTITY.
75
We have seen that vowels, under the princi-
pal accent, before the diphthongs ia, ie, cou,
iou, are all long except i. (507.) That all
vowels are long before the terminations ity
and ety, as, deity, piety, &c. (511,) that if one
or more consonants precede these termina-
tions, every preceding accented vowel, except
the a in scarcity and rarity, signifying uncom-
monness, is short but u: and that the same
analogy of quantity is found before the ter-
minations ic and ical, and the numerous en-
clitical terminations we have just been point-
ing out. Here we find custom conformable
to analogy ; and that the rules for the accent
and quantity of these words admit of scarce-
ly any exceptions. In other parts of the lan-
guage, where custom is more capricious, we
can still discover general rules; and there
are but very few words in which the quanti-
ty of the vowel under the principal accent is
not ascertained. Those who have but a com-
mon share of education, and are conversant
with the pronunciation of the capital, are sel-
dom at a loss for the quantity of the vowel
under that accent which may be called prin-
cipal ; but the secondary accent in the longer
polysyllables does not seem to decide the
quantity of the vowels so invariably. Mr.
Sheridan divides the words deglutition, depra-
vation, degradation, dereliction, and democra-
tical, into de-glu-ti-tion, de-pra-va-tion, de-gra-
dn-tion, de-re-lic-tion, and de-mo-crat-i-cal ;
while Dr. Kenrick more accurately divides
them into deg-lu-ti-tion, dep-ra-va-tion, deg-
ra-da-tion, and dem-o-crat-i-cal ; but makes
not any distinction between the first o \n pro-
fanation and profane, prodigality and prodi-
gious, prorogation and prorogue, though lie
distinguishes this letter in the first syllable of
progress and that in progression : and though
Mr. Sheridan divides retrograde into ret-ro-
grade, he divides retrogradation, retrogression,
retrospect, retrospection, and retrospective, in-
to re-tro-gra-da-tion, re-tro-gres-.iion, re-tro-
spect, re-tro-spec-tion, and rc-tro-spcc-tive. At
the first sight of these words we are tempted
to prefer the preposition in a distinct syllable,
as supposing that mode to convey more dis-
tinctly each part of the word ; but custom at
large, the best interpreter of nature, soon lets
us see that these prepositions coalesce with
the word they are prefixed to, for reasons
greatly superior to those which present them-
selves at first. (514.) If we observe the ten-
dency of pronunciation, with respect to inse-
parable prepositions, we shall find, that those
compound words which we adopt whole from
other languages, we consider as simples, and
pronounce them without any respect to their
component parts ; but those compounds
which we form ourselves, retain the traces
of their formation, in the distinction which is
observable between the prepositive and radi-
cal part of the word: thus retrograde, retro-
gression, retrospect, and retrospective, coming
compounded to us from the Latin, ought,
when the accent is on the preposition, to
shorten the vowel, and unite it to the root,
as in res-ur-rcc-tion, rec-ol-lec-iion, prep-o-si-
tion, &c. while re-commit, re-convey, &c. being
compounds of our own, must preserve it se-
parate.
531. From what has been observed, arises
this general rule: where the compound re-
tains the primary sense of the simples, and
the parts of the word are the same in every
respect, both in and out of composition, then
the preposition is pronounced in a distinct
syllable ; but when the compound departs
ever so little from the literal sense of the sim-
ples, the same departure is observable in the
pronunciation ; hence the different syllabica-
tion and pronunciation of re-com-mence and
rec-om-mend; the former signifies a repetition
of a commencement, but the latter does not
imply a repetition of a commendation : thus
re-petition would signify to petition again ;
while rep-etition signifies only an iteration of
the same act, be it what it will. The same
may be observed of the words re-create and
rcc-reate, re-formation and ref-ormation.
532. That this is perfectly agreeable to the
nature of the language, appears from the
short pronunciation of the vowel in the first
syllable of preface, prelate, prelude, prologue.
Sec. as if divided into pref-ace, prel-ate, prel-
ude, prol-ogue, &c. It is much to be regret-
ted, however, that this short sound of the pe-
nultimate vowel has so much obtained in our
language, which abounds too much in these
sounds; nor can etymology be always plead-
ed for this pronunciation : for in the forego-
ing words, the first vowel is long in the Latir.
prccfatio, prcelatus, prcefudium, though short
in prologus : for though in words from the
Greek the preposition vfi was short, iti Latin
it was generally long; and why we should
shorten it in progress, project, &c. where it
is long in Latin, can only be accounted for
by the superficial application of a genera!
rule, to the prejudice of the sound of our
language. (543.)
533. It will be necessary, however, to ob-
serve, that in forming a judgment of the pro-
priety of these observations, the nicest care
must be taken not to confound those prepo-
sitions which are under the primary and se-
condary accent, with those which immediate-
ly precede the stress ; for preclude, pretend,
&c. are under a very different predicament
from prologue, preposition, &c. and the very
same law that obliges us to pronounce the
vowel short in the first syllable of prov-i-dence,
prov-o-cation, and prof-a-nation, obliges us to
pronounce the vowel open, and with some de-
gree of length, in pro-vide, pro-voke, and pro
7'.
QUANTITY. SYLLABICATION
fane. The same may be observed of the e in
re-pair and rep-a-ration, re-ply, and rep-li-ca-
tion, re-peat, and rep-e-tition, the accent mak-
ing the whole difference between the quanti-
ty of the vowel in one word and the other.
53-k The only exception to the shortening
power of the secondary accent, is the same
as that which prevents the shortening power
of the primary accent, (503,) namely, the
vowel «, as in lucubration, or when any other
of the vowels are succeeded by a semi-con-
sonant diphthong, (196 :) thus mediator and
mediatorial have the e in the first syllable as
long as in mediate ; deviation has the e in the
first syllable as long as in deviate, notwith-
standing the secondary accent is on it, and
which would infallibly have shortened it, if
it had not been for the succeeding diphthong
ia ; and even this diphthong, in gladiator,
has not the power of preserving the first syl-
lable long, though Mr. Sheridan, by his
marking it, has made it so.
535. From what has been seen of accent
and quantity, it is easy to perceive how prone
our language is to an antepenultimate accent,
and how naturally this accent shortens the
vowel it falls upon : nay, so great a propen-
sity have vowels to shrink under this accent,
that the diphthong itself, in some words, and
analogy in others, are not sufficient to pre-
vent it, as, valiant, retaliate. Thus, by the
subjoining only of al to nation, with the a long,
it becomes national, with the a short, though
contrary to its relation with occasion and
congregation, which do not shorten the a up-
on being made occasional and congregational:
in like manner the acquisition of the same
termination to the word nature, makes it
nnt-u-ral ; but this, it may be presumed, is
derived from the Latin naturalit, and not
from adding ral to the English word, as in
the foregoing instances ; and thus it comes
mider the shortening power of the antepen-
ultimate accent, notwithstanding the semi-
consonant diphthong u.
536. The same shortening power in the
antepenultimate accent may be observed in
rational and ratiocinate, where the first a in the
first word, and the o in the second, are short.
The first a in the second word is short also
by the power of the secondary accent ; though
Mr. Sheridan has, in my opinion, very erro-
neously divided ratiocination into ra-sho-sy-na-
tkun ; that is, into a syllable less than it ought
to have, with the o long instead of short.
537. The accent on the Latin antepenul-
timate seemed to have something of a simi-
lar tendency ; for though the great difference
in the nature of the Latin and English ac-
cent will allow us to argue from one to the
other but in very few circumstances, (503,)
yet we may perceive in that accent, so dif-
•iereiit from ours in general, a great coition!- 1
ence in this particular; namely, its tendency
to shorten an antepenultimate syllable. Bish-
op Hare tells us, that " quze acuunter in ter-
tia ab extrema, interdum acuta corripiunt, SJ
positione sola longa sunt, ut, uptime, scn-itus,
pervelim, Pamphiliis, et pauca alia, quo Crc-
tici mutantur, in Anapestos. Idem factuin
est in neutiquam, licet incipiat diphthongo."
De Metr. Comic, pag. 62. Those words which
have the acute accent on the antepenultimate
syllable, have sometimes that syllable short-
ened, if it was only long by position, as, Up-
time, servitiix, pervelim, Pamp/tiltus, and a few
others, which by this means are changed from
Cretic to Anapestic feet : nay, neutiquam un-
dergoes the same fate, though it begins with
a diphthong.
SYLLABICATION.
538. Dividing words into syllables is a
very different operation, according to the dif-
ferent ends proposed by it. The object of
syllabication may be, either to enable child-
ren to discover the sound of words they are
unacquainted with, or to shew the etymolo-
gy of a word, or to exhibit the exact pro-
nunciation of it.
539. When a child has made certain ad-
vances in reading, but is ignorant of the sound
of many of the longer words, it may not be
improper to lay down the common general
rule to him, that a consonant betwen two
vowels muct go to the latter : and that two
consonants coming together must be divided.
Farther than this, it would be absurd to go
with a child ; for telling him that compounds
must be divided into their simples, and that
such consonants as may begin a word may
begin a syllable, requires a previous know-
ledge of words, which children cannot be
supposed to have ; and which, if they have,
makes the division of words into syllables
unnecessary. Children, therefore, may be
very usefully taught the general rule above
mentioned, as, in many cases, it will lead
them to the exact sound of the word, as in
pro-vi-ded : and in others, it will enable them
to give a good guess at it, as in de-li-cate ,
and this is all that can be expected : for,
when we are to form an unknown compound
sound, out of several known simple sounds,
(which is the case with children, when we
wish them to find out the sound of a word
by spelling it,) this, I say, is the only method
that can be taken.
540. But an etymological division of words
is a different operation ; it is the division of
a person acquainted with the whole word,
and who wishes to convey, by this division,
a knowledge of its constituent parts, as, or
, tlteo-hgy, Ac,
SYLLABICATION.
77
541. In the same manner, a person, who | borrowed from other languages, of two svl-
is pre-acquaintecl with the whole compound lables, with but one consonant m the middle,
sound of a word, and wants to convey the had been left to the general ear the accent on
sound of each part to one unacquainted with the first syllable would have infallibly length-
it, must divide it into such partial sounds
as, when put together again, will exactly
form the whole, as, or-thog-ra-phy, thc-ol-o-
gy, &c. This is the method adopted by those
who would convey the whole sound, by giv-
ing distinctly every part ; and, when this is
the object of syllabication, Dr. Lowth's rule
is certainly to be followed. " The best and
easiest rule," says the learned Bishop, " for
dividing the syllables in spelling, is, to divide
them as they are naturally divided in a right
pronunciation, without regard to the deriv-
ation of words, or the possible combination
of consonants, at the beginning of a syllable."
Introduction to Eng. Gram, page 7.
542. In this view of syllabication, we con-
sider it only as the picture of actual pronun-
ciation ; but may we not consider it as di-
rected likewise by some laws of its own?
laws which arise out of the very nature of
enunciation, and the specific qualities of the
letters? These laws certainly direct us to
separate double consonants, and such as are
uncombinable from the incoalescence of their
sounds : and if such a separation will not
paint the true sound of the word, we may
be certain that such sound is unnatural, and
has arisen from caprice : thus the words
chamber, Cambridge, and cambrick, must be
divided at the letter m, and as this letter, by
terminating the syllable according to the set-
tled rules of pronunciation, shortens the
vowel — the general pronunciation given to
these words must be absurd, and contrary
to the first principles of the language. An-
gel* ancient, danger, manger, and ranger, are
under the same predicament ; but the pau-
city of words of this kind, so far from weak-
ening the general rule, strengthen it. See
CHANGE.
543. By an induction which demonstrates
the shortening power of the antepenultimate
accent, has been shown the propriety of u
niting the consonant to the vowel in the first
syllable of demonstration, lamentation, propa-
gation, &c. we thus decide upon the quantity
of these vowels, which are so uncertain in
our best dictionaries ; and may we not hope,
by a similar induction, and with the first
principles of language in view, to decide the
true, genuine, and analogical sound of some
words of another kind which waver between
different pronunciations ? The antepenul-
timate accent has unquestionably a shorten-
ing power ; and I have not the smallest doubt
that the penultimate accent has a lengthening
power : that is, if our own words, and words
• It is highly probable tha
word was pronouuced as in a
K-. ju>.l of d with art, net, timl
ened the first vowel. A strong presumption
of this arises from our pronunciation of all
Latin dissyllables in this manner, without
any regard to the quantity of the original,
(See DRAMA) and the ancient practice of
doubling the consonant when preceded by a
single vowel in the participial terminations,
as to begin, beginning, to regret, regretted:
and I believe it may be confidently affirm-
:d, that words of two syllables from the La-
in, with but one consonant in the middle,
would always have had the first vowel long,
f a pedantic imitation of Latin quantity
lad not prevented it: (See DRAMA.) Let
an Englishman, with only an English educa-
tion, be put to pronounce zephyr, and he
will, without hesitation, pronounce the e
long, as in zenith : if you tell him the e is
pronounced short in the Latin zephyrus,
which makes it short in English, and he should
happen to ask you the Latin quantity of the
first syllable of comic, mimic, solace, &c. your
answer would be a contradiction to your
rule. — What irrefragably proves this to be
the genuine analogy of English quantity, is
the different quantity we give a Latin word
of two syllables when in the nominative, and
when in an oblique case : thus in the first
syllable of sidus and nomen, which ought to
be long, and of miser and onus, which ought
to be short, we equally use the common long
sound of the vowels : but in the oblique cases,
sidcris, nominis, miseri, oneris, &c. we use
quite another sound, and that a short one •
and this analogy runs through the whole Eng-
lish pronunciation of the learned languages.
(533) (535.)
544. But the small dependence of the Eng-
lish quantity on that of the Latin, will be
best seen by a selection of words of two syl-
lables, with the accent on the first, and but
one consonant in the middle, and comparing
them with the Latin words from which they
are derived.
English Dissyllables which have but one conso-
nant, or a mute and a liquid in the middle,
and have the first syllable accented, con-
trasted with the Latin words from ivhich
they are derived, marked with their respec-
tive quantities.
Words in which the first vowel in both
languages is long : —
pica,
drama,
lubm,
hydra,
era,
strata,
pica.
drama.
\lubra,
l/ui>ra.
hydra.
iron,
stipend,
notice,
pC'iiul,
final.
spinal,
trinal,
itotttia
J'fenalis.
fin at is.
spinaiii
triiim.
78
SYLLABICATION.
hor.il, . horn.
varix.
varix.
rapid,
rapldus.
rSvish,
rujyio.
thoral, (flora.
_ .
C syrinx,
sapid,
sapldus.
corinth,
corinthtts.
flSral, Jtordlis.
syrinx,
i<rv£iy%.
vapid,
vapldus.
epic,
gpictis.
nasal, nasiis.
natal,
nutdlis.
tSpid,
tSpldus.
tonick,
toirfcus.
fatal, fdldlis.
vital,
mtdlis.
nltid.
nittdus.
conick,
conicus.
fragrance, frdgro.
naval,
ndvdlis.
second,
secundus.
topick,
lopicui.
licence, hcentia.
rival,
rlvdlis.
dgcade,
decas.
tropick,
tr'oplcus.
credence, crUdentia.
oval,
ovdlis.
method,
mfthadus.
cynick,
cyincus.
female, famina.
idol,
it 1 nl nm.
palace,
paldtinm.
statick,
stulfcuf.
edile, eedllis.
grecism,
greeclsmus.
amice,
a rule I us.
cntick,
crlllciis.
feline, felinus.
pagan
pdgdnus.
chalice,
calix.
metal,
mSliil/um
rasure, rdsura.
5men,
omen.
m5Iice,
malitta.
rebel,
r&e/h.
C ftbra,
siren,
siren.
anise,
iiulsum.
model,
modulus.
Hore, Ifibra.
.
C fiQei,
Image,
Imago.
cSmel,
cam-'lus.
C melru m,
siphon,
\slphon.
refuge,
r&fugium.
ciifipi'l,
capellfi.
metre, •<
£ mStrum.
C «fcX«»,
adage,
adagium.
novel,
nftvcllui.
nature, natura.
colon,
\ colon.
aloe,
aloe.
Slgil,
sigUliim.
placate, pldcutus.
demon,
desman.
gracile,
griicUis.
vigil,
vlgllia.
primate, prlmalus.
halo,
halo.
docile,
docilis.
steril,
slerilii.
climate, cllma.
solo,
solo.
agile,
ugllis.
rigour,
rigor.
llbrate, fibrdtus.
tyro,
tiro.
fragile.
fragilis.
valour,
valor.
V vlbro,
vibrate, •< v,
I vlbro.
solar,
laz;ir,
solan's.
Idzarus.
febrile,
C fSMlis,
I febnlis.
colour,
relict,
color.
rUliclus.
private, priodtus.
sober,
sobrfus.
globule,
globulits.
prophet,
prophets.
cerate, cSrdlus.
.
Stlgris,
macule,
macula.
tSnor,
t?nor.
finite, flnllus.
tiger,
ittgris.
pfatane,
platanus.
dolour,
dofor.
levite, lenltn.
ether,
eether.
basil,
busi/icum.
honour,
honor.
native, . natti'us.
oker,
£%£*.
cavil,
cavillor.
aloes,
aloes.
motive, motli-us.
mimer,
mlinus.
devil,
diub-ilus.
comet,
cometa.
votive, votlvits.
ciper,
cdpp&res.
atom,
liltinius.
planet,
planeta.
vocal, vocdlis.
viper.
vlpera.
sophism,
stiphlsma,
tenet,
ttnto.
predal, preeda.
pretor,
preetor.
nuuutn,
minus.
tapet,
tapes.
regal, regdlis.
liraous,
llmos'.ts.
alum,
ulumen.
habit,
h&rillui.
legal, legalis.
spinous,
splnosus.
ebon,
Sbi-nus.
column,
column a.
flavour, Jlaviis.
vinous,
vlnosui.
platin,
plalina.
dragon,
draco.
feces, faces.
crebrous,
creber.
robin,
rublcula.
canon,
canon.
manes, manes.
fetus,
foetus.
cumin,
cuminum.
cavern,
cSverna.
iris, Irfs.
secret.
secretus.
latin,
luilnus.
tavern,
taverna.
C zo,-};,
edict,
e dictum.
cavin,
cuvca.
saturn,
saturnus.
crisls' {crbtfc
fthro
$ flora,
savin,
fiU'inn.
vicar,
vtcariiis.
gratis, gratis.
I lure,
\fibra.
rapine,
raplna.
scholar,
scholdris*
egress, egressus.
fragrant,
jragruns.
patine,
patina.
slaver,
saliva.
{ regressvs,
cogent,
cogent.
tribune,
trViuniis.
proper,
propriiti.
i egress, ^ rggressus.
moment,
nioineiitum.
stSture,
sta'tira.
zcpliir,
fejihyrus.
fi(Trpcc 3 ° '
poncnt,
ponens.
refuse,
rSfiisits.
lii,*jor,
Kqmir.
ugitr&s, ^ tYirris
reflux
C rcfluxus,
palate,
paldtum.
vigour,
Vigor.
rebus, rebus.
/ rlffltuctu.
senate,
sSndtus.
placit,
plactliim.
bolus, bolus, bolus
digest, sub. dlgestus.
agate,
achdlfs.
tacit,
tactlus.
piecept, pra-ceptum.
plenist, p'.cnus.
trophy,
t tropheeum,
tribute,
minute,
trtbutio.
mi n u/ us.
adit,
vomit,
adtttts.
vomo.
papist, papa.
chely,
cliele.
statute,
sta/utus.
merit,
nteritifM.
climax, climax.
spiny,
splna.
value,
valor.
talent,
lalentum.
f reflexus,
renox •* *•
chary,
cams.
statue,
sliitua.
patent, sub
pateo.
£ rSfletus.
query,
quecre.
monarch,
moiKirclta.
modest,
•niodcslus.
prefix, jireffirum.
glory,
gloria.
stomach,
stomiichus.
forest,
foreslum.
phenix, phienix.
story,
hlstoria.
epoch,
ei'iocha.
nSphew,
nepos.
matrix, matrix.
polish.
poiitui.
sliuw,
siini<i.
Words in which the same vowel is short
famish,
lensh,
fames.
money,
study,
moneta.
sludium.
in both languages: —
parish,
partichia.
magick, inagiciis.
trugick, trtigicits.
sabino, sSblui.
acid,
placid,
rigid,
aridiis.
placidus.
Words in which the same vowel is long in
English, and short in Latin : —
famine, fumes.
ci'il id,
ciilidus.
tumid,
tumid us.
silence,
silenlium.
logick, Kgica.
valid,
vulfdus.
coma,
com a.
mouade,
ruonas.
colic k coltcus.
gelid,
(ieltdits.
quota.
quota.
trochee,
trochteus.
chronick, chronicut.
olid,
Widtis.
tripod,
tripus.
satire,
saiyra.
Ivrick, IBrlcm.
v, • ,
solid.
SolldtlS.
sequence,
sequentict.
vacate,
fiico.
rabid, rubi/liis.
timid.
tlmidus.
cadence,
cudens.
rilvate,
ca.i'0.
SYLLABICATION.
rigor
(ichor.
sa/>or.
fut'OT*
ilJltive, tlatlvtts. rigor,
triumph, trtiunphus. Ichor,
focal, focus. Ichor,
local, Ifcalis. sapor,
gregal, gregiilis, tepor,
choral, cliorus. favour,
nival, ntvalis, labour,
label, la'tellnm, odour,
libel. Itbellus. tremour,
serum, si! runt. tyrant, tirannns
forum, foritnj. pedal, pUdalis,
lapis, lapis. petal, pilalum.
basis, basis. recent, rtfcens.
phasis, (f"i-i;, decent, dicens,
. _ . C »••£!»•/?, regent, rig-ens.
!S1S' Isctihis. client, cliens.
._. Stifii. silent. silenlium.
"SISl it/tesis. parent, pargns.
tripos, tripos. patent, adj. pateo.
focus, ftdis. latent, lalens.
•crocus, crocus. potent, vvtens.
modus, mtdus. gerent, g&rens.
genus, genus. virent, vlrens.
sinus, sinus. frequent, frequens.
garous, gftrum. sequent, sSquens.
scabrous, scaber. sacrist, sacer.
notus, n'otus. locust, Kcusla.
epact, I'ra.x.ra.i. roset, • rSso,
satan, salnn. vacant, vacans.
hymen, himen. secant, s&cans.
trident, trfdens, vagrant, vagus.
trigon, trtgon, blatant, bliilSrans.
negro, nlgSr. natant, natans.
hero, heros. phalanx, phalanx.
pdlar, poldris. apex, apex.
paper, papyrus. calix, cafix.
vapour, va/>or. helix, 1X1^.
pharynx, Qa(uy%.
larynx, XaouyJ.
fragor, fragor. onyx, T&uyx.
Words in which the same vowel is short
in English, and long in Latin :—
civick, dvicus. c£ruse, ceriis.ta.
inlmick, miruicus. ,v StSpra,
Sthick, MIK.*. " ' l/Sjira.
tabid, tabidus. primer, primilius.
frigid, frigidus. proffer, profero.
squalid, syudlldus, river, rivus.
&crid, deer. s€ver, sep&ro.
firid, aridus, clamour, clamor.
Horid, florldus. ^thicks, nStxd.
rorid, rortdus. crisis, crdsii.
fetid, ffetldus. process, processitf.
livid. llvUus. spirit, spirit us.
vivid, vlvidus. traject, trdjectus.
facund, fUcZndus, project, projectus.
fecund, frecundus. product, prodiictu*,
prebend, prcebSnda. credit, creditus.
solace, xolatium. l«5gate, legdtus.
preface, prafatw. graiiate, grdndtus.
pumice, pumex. grSnite, grdndtus.
penance, pcena. spinach, splndchia.
Hort'iice, fiorentia. radish, radix,
province, provincia. planish, plauus.
produce, productio. vSnish, vaitesco.
flabile, fiCMlis. finish, flnia.
dSbile, dcbllii. punish, punio.
granule, gran&lum, flourish, Jlitrio.
promise, promitto. no irish, nutria.
fever
.
\f#>ris,
Lfebris.
echo,
comick, cSmicus. IStnons, ItmonSt.
coral, corn/Hum, bishop, episcapui.
moral, moralis. profit, prof f do.
trammel, tratun. limit, limttatij.
civil, civitis. spirit, spirltus.
linen, liuum. visit, viilto.
sgven, septZm. pedant, peeddneus.
florin, florentia. clgment, clSmens.
rosin, resinti. cement, ceementurn.
resin, retina. prSsent, pr&sens.
matin, matutinus, protest, protestor.
solemn, solemttis. lily, Wlum.
f51i>n, felonia. filly, fllla.
melon, melo. veVy, vero.
ecAo. city, not las.
*Xu. privy, /)r7ci(*.
545. In this view of the Latin and English
quantity, we see how uncertain it is to argue
from the former to the latter ; for though the
Latin accent is frequently a rule for placing the
English accent, as in words derived whole
from that language, as abdomen, acumen, &c.
(503) or preserving the same number of sylla-
bles, as in impudent, elegant, from impudent
elegans, &c. (503) yet the quantity of the Latin
seems to have no influence on that of the
English. In words of two syllables, where
one consonant comes between two vowels, as
•focus, basis, local, &c. though the vowel in
the first syllable is short in Latin, it is long
in English ; and inversely, florid, frigid, livid,
&c. have the vowels in the first syllable short,
though those vowels are long in floridus. fri-
gidus, lividus, &c. so that if any thing like a
rule can be formed, it is, that when a word
of three syllables in Latin, with the two first
short, is anglicised by dropping the last syl-
lable ; we shorten the first syllable of the
English dissyllable, unless it ends with the
vowel M. (535.) Thus we see the shortening
power of our English antepenultimate accent,
which shortens every antepenultimate vowel
but M in our pronunciation of Latin words ;
as in mimicus, vividus, &c. and continues its
shortening power in the penultimate accent
of these words when anglicised into mimick
and vivid; and hence it is that the short
quantity of the first vowel in dissyllables is
become so prevalent in our language, to the
great detriment of its sound, and the disturb-
ance of its simplicity.
It may be necessary, in the next place, to
take a view of such words as are either of
Saxon or French original, or not so immedi-
ately derived from the Latin, as to be influ-
enced by its quantity.
Dissyllables with but one consonant in the
middle, having the first syllable pronounced
long :—
sofa, asra, lilach, sophi,
a^a, bifold,' triglyph, kali,
epha, dotard, garish, rebeck,
gala, dotnge, zenith, copal,
china. coping, cadi, gabt-l.
80 SYLLAB1CAT1UI*.
hange to the slender,* the difficult conso-
ants to the easier, and the long vowels to
hort on:-s. This, it is imagined, will be found
o be true in all languages as well as our own ;
nd such alteration seems founded in the ua-
ure of man and of society. The next ob-
ect to understanding a language being des-
atch, it is no wonder that short sounds have
»een encroaching on us, and depriving us of
he tune of our words for the sake of gaining
ime. This is apparent in the abbreviation
of simples when compounded, as in know-
ledge, shepherd, &c. (518,) but as it is the
Business of art to correct and regulate the
eccentricities of nature and the excesses of
custom, it should be the care of every philo-
iophic grammarian to keep his eye upon the
original genius and general scope of his ian-
juage, and to suffer custom to depart as lit-
:le from them as possible. But although no
inconsistency or want of analogy can alter
any pronunciation which is once acknow-
ledged and settled, yet, when a pronunciation
is wavering, consistency, analogy, and gene-
ral principles, ought to decide against a great
majority of mere fashion and caprice.
Thus have I endeavoured to give a distinct
view of the correspondence between the ac-
cent and quantity of the learned languages
and our own ; and to rescue a plain English-
man (who, as Ben Jonson says of Shake-
speare, has little Latin and less Greek) from
the supercilious criticism of those Greeklings
and Latinitasters, who are often remarkably
ignorant of their own language, and yet fre-
quently decide upon its accent and quantity,
because they have a smattering of Greek and
Latin. If the question turns upon the ac-
cent of an English word, the Latin word it is
derived from is immediately produced, and
sentence passed without appeal ; and yet if
the Englishman were to ask the rule on which
this decision is founded, the scholar would
in all probability, be at a loss to tell him.
Has every English word, he might say, the
same accent as the Latin word, from which
it is derived ? This the scholar could not
answer in the affirmative, as the least recol-
a great majority of word* where the first ! lection would tell him that parsimony, acri-
vowel is sounded short, and therefore to some mony, &c. cannot be accented after the Latin
inspectors it may seem improbable that the porsimonia, acrimonta, &c. as the Latin is
original tendency of our Saxon language was never accented higher than the antepenulti-
navel. egre,
bdsoin.
gr5yy.
biUel, cipher,
riven,
ivy.
focil, father,
even,
hazy,
evil, saker,
zefhin,
nizy.
acorn, 6k er,
ba->on.
clover,
ma on, stoker,
capon,
sizer,
nudo, taper,
apron,
nlrlir.
ba-^o, to|>er.
iron.
labour.
bravo, water.
g'eby.
wages, ;
t.-ochar, vaver,
holy,
1)0. is,
polar, lever,
zany.
lop! let.
grocer, over.
tiny,
egret,
spider, rig0'.
pony,
roUnt,
cider, token,
crony.
pilot.
wafer, megrim,
tory, .
borax,
wager, be^om.
misy,
baby,
Dissyllables with
but one consonant in the
middle, having the
first syllable
pronounced
short : —
borough, frolick,
fcphoil,
wizard,
seraph, m£dal,
hazard,
lukl ice,
relish, shjlul,
hlgard,
bXlance,
blemish, &mel.
di7.-ird,
vnlance,
banish, chisel,
lizard,
damage.
damask, gavel,
visard,
hSmage,
gravel, peril,
ne'ther,
covet,
bgvil, v^nom,
hi 'her,
fagot,
level, wdinau,
wither,
bigot.
rSvcl, rtven,
thither,
jUgot.
snivel, sloven,
Other,
spigot,
rlvcl, oven,
other,
pivot,
drivel, sStin.
mother,
desart,
swivel, b&vin,
smother,
cSvert,
l)5vel, ravin,
j)5ther,
copist,
grovel, spavin,
slker,
provost,
sh5vel, plSvin,
cleVcr,
gamut,
drazel, covin,
never,
shadow,
manage, flagon,
quiver,
widow,
l>6rage, wagon,
cover,
lioney,
visage, talon.
hover,
c5inely,
luvage, tCnon,
minor,
many.
savage, heron,
cfiract,
cony,
rlvage, baron,
valet.
bury,
travise, sirup,
gCnet,
busy,
trSverse, leVher,
claret.
bevy,
rCfuse, wether,
closet.
ICvy,
frigate, gather,
civet,
tlvy.
sheriff; lather,
trivet,
privy,
travail, raiher,
From the nerns
rivet,
ll of this «*»lf
ptly.
/•finn \\'t* Cf **
to the long quantity of the penultimate vowel.
But as Mr. Nares very judiciously observes.
" the rule is sufficiently general to be ad
milled, and is undoubtedly founded in th*
nature of our pronunciation :" for which
he quote* Dr. Wallis, who says, " Haic vide-
tur ge"uina linguje nostrae "ratio antiqua."
Elements of Orthoepy, page 225.
546. These who have made the progress
of languages their study, will observe, it is
presumed, that the broad sounds of vowels
mate. But perhaps the English word is a-
dopted whole from the Latin. Here is un-
doubtedly a fair pretence for pronouncing it
with the Latin accent ; and yet we see how
many exceptions there are to this rule. (See
No. 503, A.) Or perhaps the Latin word,
Alioqu
, abusus et inveteratm error nohi* obtrudererur.
ticme sonorum niutabantuj et litters : et si quan*
coiuuetudo aljquid tnueasti«tf scribcndi quoque modus statim vTirl-
m apud Enr.ium et Plaulum fimt et .vrrtvi dice.
, posted multis aurium deliciis, o vocili reject*,
iderelur sonus M liltera iubstituta e&t, et sono rx-
Unde
u:ur et icnbere
quod vastiu illiu
preua ; ita ut corum !iro >'i.n/ et Sfrvui prolaturt1. et srriuru
dc.l|ihi MekrrrM Bri* it*. I)e Vn. « Kfrl. 1'rcnun. i jnpi
Coniaicntariu*.
QUANTITY OP TUB UNACCENTED VOWELS.
81
though anglicised, retains the same number
of syllables. This, indeed, may be said to be
a general rule for preserving the Latin accent,
but so general as to be neglected in a thou-
sand instances. (See No. 503, /, g, h, i, k.)
But if the scholar, as is often the case, hud-
dles quantity and accent together, and infers
the English quantity from the Latin ; the
English scholar needs only to refer him to the
selections here given, (No. 544, 545,) to show
the inanity of such a plea. Upon the whole,
therefore. I flatter myself that men of learn-
ing will be gratified to see the subject in a
clearer point of view than any in which it has
ever been exhibited ; and the plain English
scholar will be indebted tome for giving him
as clear and distinct an idea of the connec-
tion between the Greek and Latin accent
and quantity, and the accent and quantity of
his native tongue, as if he had Homer and
Horace by heart ; and for placing him out of
the reach of those pert minor critics, who are
constantly insulting him with their knowledge
of the dead languages.
Of the Quantity of the Unaccented Vowels
not in the same Syllable with Consonants.
547. Accented syllables, as we have be-
fore observed, (179) are so strongly marked
as to be easily comprehended when they are
once settled by custom or analogy ; but those
immediately before or after the accent are in
a state of uncertainty, which some of our
best judges find themselves unable to remove.
Some grammarians have called all the open
vowels before or after the accent short, though
the ear so evidently dictates the contrary in
the « in utility, the o in obedience, &c. Some
have saved themselves the trouble of farther
search by comprehending these vowels under
the epithet obscure : nay, so unfixed do the
sound of these vowels seem, that Dr. Ken-
rick, whose Rhetorical Dictionary shows he
was possessed of very great philological abili-
ties, seems as much at a loss about them as
the meanest grammarian in the kingdom : for
when he comes to mark the sound of the
vowel o in the first syllable of a series ofitn*n8 l)llt 'ts junction with a consonant can
words with the accent on the second, he | snut !t> anj consequently unaccented Towels
makes the o in promulge, proj)el, and prolij, \ not necessarily joined to a consonant are al-
long, as they ought to be; and the same let- wavs °Pen : therefore, without violating the
tcr in proboscis, proceed, and procedure, short, fundamental laws of pronunciation, pinion
Dominion, domestic, donation, and domain, are must necessarily be divided into o-pin-ion,
marked as if pronounced dom-inion, dom-cs- \ aiul not op-»»-»o»> and the o pronounced as
tic, don-ation, and dom-ain, with the o short ;
while the first of docility, potential, and mo-
notony, have die o marked long, as in donor,
potent, and modish ; though it is certain to a
demonstration, that the etymology, accent,
and letters, being the same, the same sound
must be produced, unless where custom has
precisely marked a difference; and that the „,„,„„,,,, &c. „
first syllables of promu/ge, projiel, and proli.et , fJiS.'Sdttel
and those of proboscis, proceed, and proced~
ure, have no such difference, seems too evi-
dent to need proof.*
548. I know it may be demanded, with
great plausibility, how do I know that there
is not this very inconsistency in custom itself?
What right have I to suppose that custom is
not as vague and capricious in these syllables
as in those under the accent ? To which I
answer : If custom has determined the sound
of these vowels, the dispute is at an end. I
implicitly acquiesce in the decision; but if
professors of the art disagree in their opinions,
it is a shrewd sign that custom is not altoge-
ther so clear in its sentence; and I must in-
sist on recurring to principles till custom has
unequivocally decided.
549. Every vowel that is neither shorten-
ed by the accent, nor succeeded by a double
consonant, naturally terminates a syllable;
and this terminating vowel, though not so
properly long as if the accent were on it,
would be very improperly termed short, if by
short, as is often the case, be meant shut. (65)
According to this idea of syllabication, it is
presumed that the word opinion would fall into
three distinct parts, and every part be termi-
nated by a consonant but the first, thus, o-
pin-ion.
550. But it may be demanded, what rea-
son is there in the nature of the thing for
dividing the word in this manner, rather than
into op-in-ion, where a consonant ends every
syllable ? In this, as in many other cases of
delicacy, we may be allowed to prove what
is right, by first proving what is wrong. E-
very ear would be hurt, if the first syllable
of opinion and opulence were pronounced ex-
actly alike, oj)-in-ion would be as different
from o-pin-ion, as o-pu-lence from op-Vrlencc,
and consequently a different syllabication
ought to be adopted; but as opulence is
ightly divided into op-valence, opinion must
je divided into o-pin-ion ; that is, the o must
:>e necessarily separated from the p, as in o-
pen ; for, as was before observed, every vowel
ironounced alone has its open sound, as no-
• 1 am aware that this ingenious writer seems to aroid tlii» Inron-
sttncjr hr premiMng, in his Rhetorical Grammar, page tH, that he
• 100 marked the o in words beginning with a preposition
itorial, and sometimes with the colloquial pronunciation ;
with the <
he first syllable of comma
nto uf as if the word*, wei
he distinction in three exampi
•uou> use of a long and short, i
er. Dr. Kenrick himself, wh
hile the colloquial s
npes the
And for
r open
ot touch the point : here thei
another, and not any promii
nd shut sound of the same le1
rks the o in pro/xwri*, proem
"'*"' ta cot **
QUANTITY OF THE UNACCENTED VOWELS.
in the word open, and not as in opulence:
which was the thing to be proved.
551. If these reasons be valid with respect
to the vowel in question, they have the same
force with respect to every other vowel, not
shut by a consonant, throughout the lan-
guage. That the vowels in this situation are
actually open, we may easily perceive by ob-
serving that vowel, which, from its diphthon-
gal and semi-consonant sound, is less liable to
suffer by obscure pronunciation than any o-
tlier. The letter M, in this situation, always
preserves itself full and open, as we may ob-
serve in utility, lucubration, &c. The o, the
most open or all the simple vowels, has the
same tendency in obedience, opake, position,
&c. the e in the first syllable of event, in the
second of delegate, the first and third of e-
vangelist, in the second of gaiety, nicety, &c.
the a in the first of abate, and the second of
probable, &c. and the i in nullity. This un-
accented letter being no more than e, and
this sound, when long, corresponding exactly
with its short sound, (which is not the case
with any of the other vowels, 65, 66,) the
difference between the long and short, or open
and shut sound of this letter, is less percepti-
ble than in any other : yet we may easily per-
ceive that a delicate pronunciation evidently
leaves it open when unaccented in indivisibi-
lity, as this word would not be justly pro-
nounced if the i in every syllable were closed
by a consonant, as if divided into in-div-is-ib-
il it-y ; the first, third, and fifth syllables
would, indeed, be justly pronounced accord-
ing to this division, as these have all accen-
tual force, which shuts this vowel, and joins
it to the succeeding consonant ; but in the
second, fourth, and sixth syllables, there is
no such force, and consequently must remain
open and unconnected with the consonant :
though, as was before observed, the long and
short sound of this vowel are so near each
other, that the difference is less perceived
than in the rest. Every ear would be dis-
pleased at such a pronunciation as is indicat-
ed by ut-til-lit-y, luc-cub-bration, op-pin-ion,
pos-ition, ev-vent, ev-van-gel-list, ab-bate, prob-
bab-ble, &c. but for exactly the same reasons
that the vowels out of the stress ought to be
kept open in these words, the slender i must
be kept open in the same situation in the word
in-di-v'u-i-bil-i-ty, and every similar word in
the language.*
552. From all this it will necessarily fol-
low, that the custom adopted by the ancients
and moderns of joining the single consonant
• It l< plain that Mr. Sheridan considered the unaccented ToweJ i
ohetlier ending a sellable, or joined to ihe succeeding consonant as
ii.indin*; for tlie same sound ; for we see him sometime* making use
of one dmsion, and sometime* of another : thus he divides the word
A-ver-nJy with the i terminating the penultimate syllable, and u-m-
l**4feft with the same i united to the consonant, the same rarieu
take* |ii*ce In the words rfi-n'j-i-M/-i-lt/ and in-Ji-rif.i-KI-41-y, while
Dr. K«>"rick dirtdea all word* of this termination regultil; in the for.
to the latter vowel in syllabication, when iri-
jvestigating the unknown sound of a word,
. has its foundation in reason and good sense :
1 that the only reason why vowels are short
1 and shut, is their junction with a consonant;
] so those that are not joined to consonants,
when we are not speaking metrically, cannot
be said to be either short or shut : and that
as all accented vowels, when final or pronounc-
ed alone, have their open sound, so those
vowels that are alone or final in a syllable must
necessarily retain their open sound likewise, as
nothing but uniting instantaneously with the
succeeding consonant can shut them : and
though nothing but a delicate ear will direct
us to the degree of openness with which we
must pronounce the first unaccented o in do-
cility, domestic, potential, proceed, monastic,
monotony, &c. we may be assured that it is
exactly under the same predicament, with
respect to sound, in all these words : and as
they can never be pronounced short and shut,
as if written dossility, dommestick, &c. with-
out hurting the dullest ear ; so the e in event,
evangelist, &c. and the i in the third sylla-
ble of utility, and in the second, fourth, and
sixth of indivisibility, can never be sounded
as if joined to the consonant without offend-
ing every delicate ear, and overturning the
first principles of pronunciation.
553. The only considerable exception to
this general rule of syllabication, which de»
termines the sound of the unaccented vowels,
is when e succeeds the accent, and is follow-
ed by r, as in literal, general, misery, &c.
which can never be pronounced lit-e-ral, gen-
e-ral, mis-e-ry, &c. without the appearance of
affectation. In this situation we find the r
corrupt the sound of the e, as it does that of
every other vowel when in a final unaccent-
ed syllable. For this consonant being no-
thing more than a jar, it unavoidably mixes
with the e in this situation, and reduces it to
the obscure sound of short u, (418) a sound
to which the other unaccented vowels before
r have sometimes so evident a tendency.
554. An obscure idea of the principles of
syllabication just laid down, and the contra-
diction to them perceived in this exception,
has made most of our orthoepists extremely
wavering and uncertain in their division of
words into syllables, when the unaccented e
has preceded r, where we not only find them
differing from each other, but sometimes even
from themselves : —
Sheridan. Kenrick. Scott.
••••--««r-.v,
ltir-djtur-y,
rob-bur-y,
fort-jer-y,
•i—t-er-y,
?«r-i/,
- - _- •ri'-ry,
cook-er-y.
mii-er-y,
•ur-gt-ry,
MT-cc-ry,
for-ge-ry,
llu-re-ry,
Icxa-ve-ry,
•WJ/C-W-K,
mil-t-r.i-U,
tur-ge-r,/,
rob-htr-y,
for-ge-ry,
tta-ce-ry,
kna-re-'ry.
Perry.
*.it-c-ry,
rob-be-ry,
forg-e-ry,
,U,-re-ry,
lenar-€-ryt
braT-£-ryt
C*>ifc-#-ry,
QUANTITY OF THE UNACCENTED VOWELS.
83
Sheridan.
tni-miiixh-ry,
Jlum-mur.y,
Kenrick.
im-a-ger-n
Jlum-met -.
Scott
J1wm-m/j-ry,
Perry.
Jlnm-mer-y
muwi-wK-ry
cun-nur-y,
dan-eer-ottt
ro-c\f-f-rou.
aan-ger-otttt
vo-cif-tr-oiti,
itt tom-nif-e r -ou*,
aanr-tr-oust
M^f^!»f
r Pe >
tm-wt-ttr'-tlil,
:::::::
un-ut-ter-tt-ltlf,
ttn-uUcr-a'-i
555. I have been the more copious in my
collection of these varieties, that I might not
appear to have taken the advantage of any
oversight or mistake of the press : nor is it
any wonder when the principles of syllabica-
tion so strongly incline us to leave the vowel
e, like the other vowels, open before a single
consonant, and the ear so decidedly tells us,
that this letter is not always open when pre-
ceded by the accent, and followed by r; it is
no wonder, I say, that a writer should be
perplexed, and that he should sometimes in-
cline to one side, and sometimes to the other.
I am conscious I have not always been free
from this inconsistency myself. The exam-
ples therefore which I have selected, will, I
hope, fully justify me in the syllabication I
have adopted; which is, that of sometimes
separating the e from the r in this situation,
and sometimes not. When solemn and de-
liberate speaking has seemed to admit of
lengthening the <?, I have sometimes made it
end the syllable; when this was not the case,
I have sometimes joined it to the r: thus, as
e in the penultimate syllable of incarcerate,
reverberate, &c. seems, in solemn speaking,
to admit of a small degree of length and dis-
tinctness, it ends a syllable; but as no so-
lemnity of pronunciation seems to admit of
the same length and openness of the e in
tolerate, deliberate, &c. it is united with r,
and sounded in the notation by short u. It
ought, however, to be carefully observed,
that though the e in this situation is some-
times separated from the r, there is no speak-
ing, however deliberate and solemn, that will
not admit of uniting it to r, and pronounc-
ing it like short u, without offending the nic-
est and most critical ear.
556. It must also be noted, that this alter-
ation of the sound of <; before r is only when
it follows the accent, either primary or se-
condary ; (522) (530) for when it is in the
first syllable of a word, though unaccented,
it keeps its true sound : thus, though the e is
pronounced like u in alter, alteration, &c. yet
in perfection, terrific, &c. this letter is as pure
as when the accent is on it in perfect, terri-
ble, &c.
557. Something like the corruption of the
sound of unaccented e before r we may per-
ceive in the colloquial pronunciation of the
vowel o in the same situation ; and accord-
ingly we find our best orthoepists differ in
their notation of this letter : thus memory^
memorable, immcmorable, memorably, memo-
rize, have the o pronounced like short M by
Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Scott ; and memoran-
dum, with the o as in open ; while Dr. Ken-
rick gives the o in all these words the sound
it has in the conjunction or. Mr. Sheridan
marks the unaccented o in corporal, corpor-
ate, and corporation, like the o in open ; but
Mr. Scott pronounces this o in corporal, cor-
porate, and corporation, like short u, and the
same letter in incorporate and incorporation
like Mr. Sheridan ; and Dr. Kenrick, like
the o in the former instances. Mr. Sheridan
and Mr. Scott are uniform in their pronun-
ciation of the same vowel like short « in ar-
mour, armorer, armory, pillory, suasory, per-
suasory, allegory, compulsory, cursory, andpre-
datory ; while Dr. Kenrick pronounces the
o in armour and armory like the o in open, and
the same letterin pillory, allegory, and cursory,
like the o in or, nor, &c. This diversity, a-
mong good judges, can arise from nothing
but the same uncertainty of the sound of this
letter that we have just observed of the e ;
but if we narrowly watch our pronunciation,
we shall find that the unaccented o may be
opened and lengthened, in deliberate speak-
ing, without hurting the ear, which is not al-
ways the case with e ; and this has induced
me generally to separate the o from the suc-
ceeding r, when immediately following the
accent ; though I am sensible that the rapi-
dity of colloquial speaking often reduces it
to short « without offending the ear : but
when the o is removed more than one sylla-
ble from the accent, the most deliberate
speaking generally lets it slide into the other
vowel : for which reason I have commonly
marked it in this manner. See COMMAND.
558. It may, perhaps, appear to some of
my readers, that too much time has been
spent upon these nice distinctions of sound,
in which judges themselves are found to dis-
agree ; but when we consider how many syl-
lables in the language are unaccented, and
that these syllables are those in which the
peculiar delicacy of the pronunciation of na-
tives consists ; when we reflect on the neces-
sity of having as distinct and permanent
sounds as possible, to which we may refer
these fleeting and evanescent ones, we shall
not look upon an attempt to arrest and in-
vestigate them as a useless part of philology.
5.39. A TABLE of the SIMPLE and DIPHTHONGAL VOWELS referred to
by the Figures over the Letters in this Dictionary.
E
1. a.
2. a.
3. a.
4. a.
1. e.
2. &.
1. 1.
2.1.
l. A.
2. 6.
S. A.
4 ,',
;NGI.ISH SOUNDS.
FRENCH SOUNDS.
VMWMnWIUMMI * 1" /<"V €y'*'V.
„,„-„„„„-„/! in /ff/i/f, rttblf-
.^i^sss^jn in we, Cha/i'iif-
,„„,„„„, ,,,,,,r,,r,M in fat, matift,
m^ji^jjiMji in mitre, cpitre,
e in mette, nette.
, squirm a'i in Idinue naif
. / /
Th«> short hrnacl o. as in not. hot. irof. 163 — . . .,,.
— .„„ — o in hotte. cotte.
1. 6. Tlie long diphthongal u, as in tfibe, cu-pid, 171 — ,.~ — -~- — - iou i" Ciaulat, chiourme.
2. u. The short simple M, as in t&b, c6p, s&p, 172 eu in neuf, vettf.
3. &. The middle or obtuse w, as in bill, full, pull, 173 ou in boule, Joule, povic.
61. The long broad 6, and the short 1, as in oil, 299 ,.,..,-,,..o'i in cycloide, hei-oiqve.
ou. The long broad d, and (la- middle obtuse u, as in thou, pound, 318 aou in ^uut.
TA. The acute or sharp th, as in th\n]t, th\n, 466.
TH. The grave or flat TH, as in This, THat, 41. 50. 469.
560. When G is printed in the Roman character, it has its hard sound in get, gone, &c. as go,
give, geese, &c. when it has its soft sound, it is spelled in the notation by the consonant J, as gi-
ant, ginger, ji-ant, jin-ger. The same may be observed of S : the Roman character denotes its
hard sound in sin, sun, &c. as so, sit, sense, &c. its soft sound is spelled by z, as rose, raise, &c.
roze, raze, &c.
l£F In the course of a critical investigation of the powers of the letters in the foregoing prin-
ciples, there is scarcely a word of any difficulty or diversity of sound which has not been notic-
ed, and the true pronunciation, with the reasons and authorities for it, pointed out; so that if
the inspector should not meet with sufficient information in the Dictionary under the word, let
him consult the Principles under the vowel, dijihthong, or consonant, he wishes to be explained,
and it is highly probable he will meet with the satisfaction he requires. Thus to know something
more concerning the g, in the word imjnign, which some speakers pronounce, and others sup-
press, let him look into the Principles under the letter G, No. 386, and he will find additional
observations to those in the Dictionary under the word. It is true that most of these doubtful,
as well as other words, are referred to the Principles; but if this reference should by chance be
omitted, it is hoped that this Advertisement will supply the deficiency.
A CRITICAL
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY,
AND
EXPOSITOR OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
The figures after the words refer to the numbers in the Principles of Pronunciation jtrefLced to this
Dictionary, where the different sounds of the letters are exjilained at large. Thus, 73 reft' * to
tJie first sound of the letter A ; 93 to the first sound of the letter E; and so of the rest.
The figures over the If tiers refer to the vowels in the words at the top of tlie page ; and the index ^5"
before these words, refers to the table of simple and dipthongal sounds, wliere the different sounds
of the vowel* are exhibited at one view. Thus, ^j- 559 refers to the table in the opposite leaf.
A.
fj- 559. FA e 73, I'Jr 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m& 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, move 164,
nor 167, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 299 — pound 313— thin 466— Tuis 469.
A THE first letter of the alphabet, 73. A, An
9 article set before nouns of the singular number,
a man, a tree. Before a word beginning with a vowel,
it is written an, as an ox. A is sometimes a noun, as
great A. A is placed before a participle, or participial
noun ; gone a hunting, come a begging. A has a sig-
nification denoting proportion; the landlord hath a
hundred a year.
IC5" The change of the letter a into an before a vowel
or mute ft for the sske of sound, seems to deserve more
attention than has generally been given to it by any of
our grammarians, and will therefore be considered under
the article An ; which sea
Of tiie Alpliabetical Pronunciation of the
Letter A.
So many profound and ingenious observations have
been made upon this first step to literature, that volumes
might be filled with the erudition that has been lavished
on this letter alone. The priority of place it claims, in
all alphabets, has made it so much the object of attention,
that philologists suppose the foundation of learning but
weakly laid till the natural and civil history of the first
letter be fully settled.
But, however deep have been their researches into the
origin of this letter, we find no author in our language
has hitherto attempted to settle the disputes that have a-
risen between the natives of England, Ireland, and Scot-
land, about the true sound of it, when called by its name.
Instead, therefore, of tracing this character through the
circles of Oomer, the Egyptian Hieroglyphics, the mys-
terious Abraxas, or the Irish Ogum, I shall endeavour" to
obviate a difficulty that frequently arises when it is pro-
nounced in the Hornbook : or, in other words, to inquire
what is the true name of the first letter of the English
alphabet — whether we are to say Aye, B, C; Ah, B, C;
at Aw, B, C.
And first, it will be necessary to consider the nature oi
a vowel; which grammarians are generally agreed in de-
fining to be "a simple articulate sound, formed by the
impulse of the voice only, by the opening of the mouth
in a particular manner." Now, as every vowel by itself
is sounded long, as nothing but its junction with a con-
tonant can make it otherwise, it is natural, when pronounc-
ing this vowel alone, to give it the long open sound; but
ITS this long open sound is threefold, as heard In face, fa-
ther, and water, a question arises, which of these long
«ounds shall we adopt as a common name to the whole
species of this letter ? The English make choice of the a
vafaee, the Irish of that in father, and the Scotch of that
in water. Each party produces words where the letter a
is sounded in the manner they contend for ; but when
we demand why one should have the preference, the con-
iroverejf is commonly at an end ; any farther reasons ar«
either too remote or too insignificant to be produced : and
indeed, if a diversity of names to vowels did not confound
us in our spelling, or declaring to each other the compo-
nent letters of a word, it would be entirely needless tc
enter into so trifling a question as the mere name of a let-
ter j but when we find ourselves unable to convey sign*
to each other on account of this diversity of names, and
that words themselves are endangered by an improper ut-
terance of their component parts, it seems highly incum-
bent on us to attempt a uniformity in this point, which,
insignificant as it may seem, is undoubtedly the founda-
tion of a just and regular pronunciation.
The first rule for naming a letter, when pronounced a-
lone, seems to be this : Whatever sound we give to a let-
ter when terminating a syllable, the same sound ought to
be given to it when pronounced alone ; because, in both
cases, they have their primary, simple sound, uninfluenc-
ed by a succeeding vowel or" consonant ; and therefore,
when" we pronounce a letter alone, it ought to have such
a sound as does not suppose the existence of any other
letter. But wherever a terminates a syllable, with the
accent upon it, (the only state in which it can be said to
be pure,) it has always the English sound of that letter.
The only exceptions to this rule are, the words fa-ther,
nta-stfr, and wa-tcr ; and that these are merely excep-
tions, appears from the uniformity with which the a is
pronounced otherwise in parent, j'tipal, taper, fatal, Isc.
The other vowels have their names exactly similar to the
sound they have in a similar situation, as the e like that
in me-grim, the t like the i in ti-tle, the o as the o in no-
ble, and the u like the u in tu-tor. Thus, as it appears
from the general analogy of pronunciation, that the
sound of the a, which the English adopt, is the only one
that docs not necessarily suppose the existence of any o-
thcr sound, it inevitably follows that theirs only is the
proper appellation of that letter.
But there is another analogy by which we may deter-
mine the true sound of the vowels when pronounced
singly ; and that is, the sound they have when preserved
long and open by the final e. Thus we call the letter e
by the sound it has in thetne, the letter i as it sounds in
time, the letter o as heard in tone, and the u as in tti <e ;
and why the letter a should not be pronounced as he.ird
\nface, cannot lie conceived, as eac'i of the other vowcli
has, like a, a variety of other sounds, as they are united
with letters which, in some measure, alter their quality.
In consequence of entertaining a different idea of the
a, when pronounced in the alphabet, we see the natives
of Ireland very prone to a different pronunciation of the
word* where this letter occurs; ami, indeed, it is quite
consistent with their doctrine of the sound of a, that thr
words parent, papal, taper, and fatal should be pronounc-
ed pah-rent, pah-pal, tah-per, andfa/i-lal. We find the
Scotch likewise inclinable to the samepronm ciation of o,
when in words, as when alone. Thus we hear Sawtan
for Satan, tawcrtd for taered, and law-it)/ for laity; and
thin is perfectly conusttnt with the ID.UIUCT in which
A 2 ABE
559. File 73, fir, 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m<i 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, m3ve 164,
they pronounce the letter a, when alone: there is no me-
dium. If this be not the true pronunciation of these
words, the a is certainly to be sounded as the English do:
for whenever the English give the Italian sound, as it may
be culled, to the a, except in the vmA^falhet and tnaster,
it is always in consequence of its junction with some con-
sonant, which determines it to that sound ; as in mono-
syllables terminating in r, as bar, car, far: but whereit is
not affected by a succeeding consonant, as in the words
parent, papal, natal, fatal, we then hear it pronounced
as the slender English a, both in and out of composition.
It will, perhaps, be objected, that the most frequent
short sound of a, as heard in cat, rat, mat, carry, marry,
parry, is the short sound of the Italian a in Jather, car,
mar, par, and not the short sound of the a in care, marc,
nnd pare; but it may be answered, that this want of cor-
respondence between the name of the letter, and the most
frequent short sound, is common to the rest of the vowels :
for the o, as heard in cot. not, rot, is not the short sound
of the o in coat, note, irrotc, but of the a in water, or of
the diphthongs in caught, naught, and wrought; and if we
ought to call the a, ah, because its short sound corres-
ponds to ah, for the very same reason we ought to call
the o, an ; and a similar alteration must take place with
the rest of the vowels. As therefore, from the variety of
sounds the vowels have, it is impossible to avoid the in-
convenience of sometimes sounding the letter one way in
* syllable, and another way in a word, we must either a-
lopt the simple long sound when we would pronounce the
letter alone, or invent new names for every different sound
In a different word, in order to obviate the difficulty.
It must not be dissembled, however, that the sound of
i, when terminating a syllabic not under the accent,
•eenis more inclined to the Irish than the English a, and
that the ear is less disgusted with the sound of Ah-mer-i-
eah than of Ay-mer-i-cay : but to this it may be answer-
ed, that letters not under the accent, in a thousand instan-
ces, deviate fr:nn their true sound ; that the vowel a, like
several other vowels in a final syllable not accented, has
«n obscure sound, bordering on u ; but if the a, in this si-
ttiatu.n, were pronounced ever so distinctly, and that this
pronunciation were clearly the a in father, it would be
nothing to the purpose : when the a is pronounced alone,
it may be said not only to be a letter, but a distinct cha-
racter, and a noun substantive; and, as such, has the
same force as the letters in an accented syllable. The let-
ter a, therefore, as the first character in the alphabet,
may always be said to have the accent, and ought to
have the same lone open sound, as is given to that let-
ter when accented in a syllable, and not influenced in its
sound by any preceding or succeeding consonant.
We may therefore conclude, that if all vowels, when
pronounced alone, are accented and long, if spelling be
the pronunciation of letters alone, (as it would be absurd
to suppose ourselves acquainted with the different conso-
nants that determine the sound oi the vowels before they
are pronounced,) it follows, that in spelling, or repeating
the component parts of a word, we ought to give those
parts their simple aud uncombined sound : but there is no
uneombined sound of the vowel a, except the slender
sound contended for, unless in the wordsjather and mas-
ter; aud therefore, when we repeat letters singly, in or-
der to declare the sound of a word, we must undoubtedly
give the first letter of the alphabet the sound we ever give
it in the first syllable of the numerous class la-dy, pa-ean,
ma-ton, la-ton, Ac.
Thus, after placing every objection in its strongest light,
ind deducing our arguments from the simplest and clear-
est principles, this Important question seems at last decid-
ed in favour of the English ; who, independent of the ar-
guments in their favour, may be presumed to have a na-
tural right to determine the name of the letter in nues-
uon, though it has been so often litigated by their formi-
3le and learned, though junior, relations. For though,
m some cases, the natires of Ireland and Scotland adhere
iKe letter a, as they pronounce it in the alphabet, is no
•e tnau giving it that simple sound, it ever has, when
unconnected with vowels or consonants that alterits power
ie best usage. In an old ballad, wherethe last svlla-
le is made the accented syllable of America, we find it
rhymed with the first sound of a, or what may be called
Us alphabetical sound.
" Oh may America
Yield to our Monarch'* rwaj,
And no more contend:
M»y they tlieir interest w«,
Witli England to agree,
All that amend.-
ABACUS, ab^a-kus, s. [Lat.] A counting table; the
uppermost member of a column.
ABAFT, 1-baft,' adv. 545. From the fore part of the
ship, towards the stem.
To ABANDON, a bai&ifin, v. a. 166. To give up,
resign, or quit; to desert; to forsake.
ABANDONED, a ban^d&tui, part 362. Given up;
forsaken ; corrupted in the highest degree.
ABANDONMENT, a-ban-d&n-ni£nt, «. The act o*
abandoning.
ABARTICULATION, ab-ar-tlk u>!a-sl,&n, ,<t. 290.
That species of articulation that has manifest motion.
To ABASE, a-base,' t;. a. To cast down, to depress,
to brinp low.
ABASEMENT, a-ba-t-m£nt, *. The state of being
brought low ; depression.
To ABASH, a basli/ v. a. To make a&hamcd.
To ABATE, a-bati-/ t;. a. 545. To lessen, to dimin-
ish.
To ABATE, 4- bate,' v. n. To grow less.
ABATEMENT, 1- batcim&it, s. The act of abating ;
the sum or quantity taken away by the act of abating.
ABATER, a-ba-tftr, *. 98. The agent or cause by
which an abatement is procured.
ABB, ab, *. Ths yarn on a weaver's warp.
ABBACY, ab^ba-s^, s. 452 The rights, j ossesaions,
or privileges of an abbot.
ABBESS, ab-b£ss S. The superior of a nunnery.
ABBEY, or ABBY, ab-b^, i. 270. A monastery o/
religious persons, whether men or women.
ABBOT, ab-b&t, ». I 66. The chief of a convent of
men.
To ABBREVIATE, ab-br^v<*-ate, v. u. 505. To
shorten, to cut short.
ABBREVIATION, ab-br£-v£ a'shuMi, *. The act of
shoitening.
ABBREVIATOR, ab-br£-v£-a-t&r, s. 521. One *lio
abridges.
ABBREVIATURE, ab-br^-v^-a-tch&re, ». 461. A
mark used for shortening.
To ABDICATE, ab^dti-kate, v. a. 503. To give up
riglu, to resign.
ABDICATION, ab-de-ka-sh&n, *. The act of abdi-
cating, resignation.
ABDICATIVE, atA!£-ca-tlve, adj. 512. Thatwhich
causes or implies an abdication.
£^- Dr. Johnson places the accent on the first syllable
of this word, and Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Perry on the se-
cond. The former is in my opinion the most correct.
ABDOMEN, ab-do-n^n, s. 503. 521. A cavity
commonly called the lower venter or belly.
ABDOMINAL, ab-d6m-m£-i;al, 7 /•
ABDOMINOUS, ab dom-in^-nfts, 5 a'^'
the abdomen.
To ABDUCE, ab-d&se, v. a. To draw to a different
part, to withdraw one part from another.
ABDUCENT, Ab-diiisent, adj. Muscle^ abducent
serve to open or pull back divers parts of the body.
ABDUCTION, ab-d&kiili&n, «. The act of drawing
apar' ; taking away.
ABDUCTOR, ab-d&kit&s *. 166. The muscles
which draw back the several members.
ABED, a b£d,' adv. In bed.
ABERRANCE, ab-4riranse,
ABERRANCY, ab ^r-ran-s^
the right way ; an error.
ABERRANT, ab-£r'rant, adj. Wandering from the
right or known way.
ABERRATION, ab-£r-ra-shin, s. The act of deviat-
ing from the common track.
ABERRING, ab-£i-ring, part. 410. Going astiay.
To ABERUNCATK, ab d-r&n-kate, p. a. 91. To
pull up by the roots.
2*o ABET, a-b£t^ v. a. To push forward another,
to support him in his designs by connivance encou
ragcment. Of help.
A deviation from
ABO
ABR
n3r 167, nit 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bfiU 173 — oil 299 — pSfind 313 — t/nn 466 — THIS 469.
The act of ab-
ABETMENT, a-b5tirr)<5nt, 5. The act of abetting.
.ABETTER, or ABETTOR, a-b&^t&r, s. 166. 418.
He that abets; tiie supporter or eneourager of another.
ABEYANCE, a-ba-anse, s. The right of fee simple li-
eth in abeyance, when it is all only in the remem-
brance, intendment. and consideration of the law.
To ABHOR, ftb-h&f t*. a. 168. To hate with acri-
mony ; to loathe.
ABHORRENCE, ab-h5i-r5n.se,
ABHORRENCY, ab-b6i-i£n-se,
hoiring, detestation.
AHHORRENT, ab-hoiir&it, adj. 168. Struck with
abhorrence ; contrary !o, foreign, inconsistent with.
ABHORRENTLY, ab-bori-i£nt-l£, adv. In an ab-
horrent inaiuiCT.
ABHORHER. ab lioi^i&r, s. 28 A hater, detester.
To ABIDE, a- bldi-,' v. n. To dwell in a place, not to
remove ; to bear or support the consequences of a thing :
it is used with the particle with before a person, and at
or in before a place.
ABIDER, a-bl-.]ftr, s. 98. The person that abides or
dwells in a place.
ABIDING, i-bKdlng, s. 410. Continuance.
ABJECT, ab-j(-kt, tidj. 492. Mean or worthless ;
contemptible, or cf no value.
ABJECT, ab-jekt, s. A man without hope; one of
the lowest condition.
To ABJECT, ab-j£kt, v. a. 492. To throw away.
ABJECTEDNESS, ab-j£k-t£d-ne.ss, s. Thcstateofan
abject.
ABJECTION, ab-j£k£sb&n, s. Meanness of mind ;
. servility; baseness.
'ABJECTLY, ab-jekf-14, adv. 452. In an abject
manner, meanly.
AfiJECTNESS, ab-jdkt-n&ss, *. Servility, mealiness.
ABILITY, a blW-t^, s. 482. The power to do any
thing; capxcitv, qualification : when it has the plural
number, iMlitici, it frequently signifies the faculties, or
powers of the mind.
ABJURATION, ab j&-r:t-sh&;i, s. The act of abjur-
inj;; tlio oath taken for that end.
ABOLISHABLK, a-b&l-llsh-a-bl, udj. That whicii
may be abolished.
ABOLISHER, a b&liilsh-fir, *. 91. He (hat abol-
ishes.
ABOLISHMENT, a-b6!-]ish-m£n
4. i n , ,-! f s. The act of a-
ABOLITION, ab- A-lLh-nn, 544.
bolishing.
ABOMINABLE, 4- b5n/e-n4-bl, adj. Hateful, de-
testable.
ABOMINABLENESS, a-b6m-4-ni bl-n3ss, s. 501
The quality of being abominable ; hatefuluess, odious-
ness.
ABOMINABLY, a-b5in^-na-bl£, adv. Most hate-
fully, odiously.
To ABOMINATE, 4-b5mi£-nAte, v. a. To abhor,
detest, hate utterly.
ABOMINATION, a-b5m-£-na-sh&n, s. Hatred, de-
testation.
ABORIGINES, ab-A-rldge^-ndz, s. The earliest in-
habitants of a country.
ABORTION, 4-bot-shin, *. The act of bringing
forth untimely : the produce of an untimely birth.
ABORTIVE, a-bAr-tlv, *. 157'. That which is born
before the due time.
ABORTIVE, a-bor-ilv, adj. Brought forth before
the due time of birth : that which brings f.irth nothing.
ABORTIVELY, a-bor-tlv-lt*, adv. Born without the
due time, immature!}', untimely.
ABORTIVENESS, a-bdr-tlv-niss, s. The state of a-
bortion
ABORTMENT, 4-b3rtimJnt, *. The thing brought
forth out of time; an untimely birth.
ABOVE, a-bfiv,' prep. 165. Higher in place ; high-
er in rank, power, or excellence ; beyond, more lhan ;
too proud for, too high for.
ABOVE, 4-bfrv,' adv. Over-head ; in the regions o/
heaven.
ABOVE-ALL, a-bftv-ail,' In the first place ; chiefly.
ABOVE- BOARD, a bav^bArd, In open sight; with-
out artifice or trick.
i ABOVE-CITED, a Iftv-sl-tdd, Cited before.
To ABJURE, ab-jure,' v. a. To swenr not to do j ABOVE-GROUND, a-bfr\ -ground, An expression
something ; to retract, or recant a position upon oath.
To ABI.ACTATE, ab-lak-;ate, v. a. 91. To wean
from the breast.
ABLACTATION, ab-lak-ta-sbun, ». One of the me-
iliexls of grafting.
Alil.AQUEATlON, ab- la-kw A-aish&n, s. 534. The
practice of opening the ground about the riots of trees.
ABLATION, ab-laishuii, i. The act of taking away.
ABLATIVE, ab-ia tlv, adj. 158. That which takes
away ; the sixth case of the Latin nouns.
ABLE, a-bl, a. 405. Having strong faculties, or great
strength or knowledge, riches, or any other power of
mind, body, or fortune; having power sufficient.
ABLE-BODIED, i-bl-bSd-tlld, adj. 99. strong of
body.
To ABLEGATE, ab^fA-gite, v. a. To send abroad
upon some employment.
ABLEGATION, ab le-ga-^hftn,s. A sending abroad.
ABLENESS, a-bl-n$ss, s. Ability of body, vigour, force.
ASLEPSY, ab-!£|>-;,£, 5. 482. Want of sight.
ABLUENT, ab-l W:it, adj. That which has the power
of cleansing.
ABLUTION, ab-lt^sbCm, .*. The act of cleansing.
To ABNEGATE, ab-: & gate, v. a. 91. To deny.
ABNEGATION, ab-nd ga'sh&n, s. Denial, renuii-
ciation.
ABOARD, a-bArd,' adv. 295. In a ship.
ABODE, 4-bAde/ s. Habitation, dwelling, place of re-
sidence; stay, continuation in a place.
ABOUEMENT, a-bAdu-inSat, s. A secret anticipa-
tion of something future.
2b . \IiOLISH, a-bul-Isli, v. a. To annul; to put an
end to j to dtstroy
used to signify, that a man is alive ; not in the grave.
ABOVE-MENTIONED, a-bfw-m£n-sh&nd.
See Above-cited. t
To ABOUND, a-boum!,' v. n. 545- To have in great
plenty ; to be in great pic nly,
ABOUT, a-b3&!/ jn-ej). 545. Round, surrounding,
encircling ; near to ; concerning, with regard to, re-
lating to; engaged i::, employed upon; appcndant to
the person, as clothes, &c ; relating to the person, as a
servant.
ABOUT, a-boit/ adv. Circularly ; in circuit ; nearly ;
the longest way. in opposition to the short straight
way ; to bring about, to bring to the point or state de-
sired, as, he has brought about his purposes ; to come
about, to come to some certain state or point ; to go a-
bout a thing, to prepare to do it.
ABRACADABRA, ab-ra-ki-dab-ia,*. A superstitious
charm against agues.
To ABRADE, a-bra<k',' v. a. To rub oft", to wear a-
way from the other parts.
ABRASION, a-bra-zban, s. The act of rubbing, a
rubbing off.
ABREAST, a-br^st,' adv. 545. Side by side.
To AEIUDGE, a-bri'ije,' v. a. To make shorter in
words, keeping .still the fame substance; to contract,
to diminish, to cut short ; to deprive of
ABRIDGED OF, a-biidjd-Jv, 359. Deprived of, de-
barred from.
ABRIDGER, a-brld-jfrr, s. He that abridges, a shor-
tener; a writer of compendium) or abridgments.
ABRIDGMENT, i-bi -idje-nidnt, s. The contraction
of a larger work into a small compass ; a diminution : i.
general.
ABROACH, a-brAtsli,' adv- 295. In a posture to run
out ; ill u state of being dilluscd or propagated.
ABS 4
&• 559. File 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81— mi 93,
ABROAD, A-brSwd,' ado. 295. Out of the house, m
another country; without, not within.
7'<> A BROG ATE, Ib^rA-gate, v. a. 9 1 . To take away
from a law its force ; to repeal ; to annul.
ABROGATION, ib-rA-ga-sh&n, s. The act of abro-
gating; the repeal of a law.
ABRUPT, ilb-rftpt,' adj. Broken, craggy ; sudden,
without the customary or proper preparatives.
ABRUPTION, ib-r&pishfin, s. Violent and sudden
separation.
ABRUPTLY, ib-rftptilt*, nf/y. Hastily, without the
due forms of preparation.
ABRUPTNESS, ib-r&pt-n^ss, t. An abrupt man-
ner, haste, suddenness.
ABSCESS, ib^sSss, *. A morbid cavity in the body.
To ABSCIND, Ib-slnd,' v. a. To cut off.
ABSCISSION, ib-slzhi&n, *. The act of cutting off;
the state of being cut off.
Jt5» I have differed from Mr. Sheridan in marking the
a in this word, and, I think, with the best usage on my
side. Though double s is almost always pronounced
sharp and hissing, yet » hen a sharp s precedes, it seems
more agreeable to the ear to pronounce the succeeding i
flat. Thus, though the termination ition is always sharp,
yet because the s in transition is necessarily sharp, the t
goes into the flat sound, as if written translchion, which
«oe.
Fo ABSCOND, Ib sk&nd, v. a. To hide one's self.
ABSCONDER, ib-skon-d&r, *. The person that ab-
sconds.
ABSENCE, ibis&nse, $. The state of being absent,
opposed to pretence; inattention, hecdlessncss, neglect
of the present object.
ABSENT, &t&dnt, adj. 492. Not present ; absent
in mind, inattentive.
To ABSENT, 4b-s4nt/ v. a. To withdraw, to for-
bear to come into presence.
ABSENTEE, Ab-s3n-t£/ s. A word used commonly
with regard to Irishmen living out of their country.
ABSINTHIATED, ib-sini</(£& -t£d, jtart. impreg-
nated wi;h wormwood.
To ABSHT, ib-slst,' v. n. To stand off, to leave off.
To ABSOLVE, 4b-z61v,' v. a. 448. To clear, to ac-
quit of a crime in a judicial sense ; to set free from an
engagement or promise ; to pronounce a sin remitted,
in the ecclesiastical sense.
ABSOLUTE, abisA-I&te, adj. 448. Complete, ap-
plied as well to persons as things ; unconditional, as an
absolute promise ; not relative, as absolute space; not
limited, as absolute power.— Sec Domestic.
ABSOLUTELY, ilAio-lite-li, adv. Completely,
without restriction; without condition; peremptory,
positively.
ABSOLUTENESS, Ab-sA-lftte-n&ss, *. complete-
ness; freedom from dependence, or limits; despotism.
ABSOLUTION, Ab-sA-l6isli5n, s. Acquittal; there-
mission of sins, or of penance.
ABSOLUTORY, 4b-s&|if».i&r-ri, adj. mat which
absolves.
$$• In the first edition of this Dictionary I followed the
accentuation of Johnson and Ash in this word, and placed
the stress upon the first syllable, contrary to what I had
done some years tefore in the Ilhyming Dictionary, where
I had plat-ed the accent on the second, and which was the
accentuation adopted by Mr. Sheridan. Upon a nearer
inspection of the analogies of the language, I find this the
ix-eferable mode of marking it, as words in this termina-
tion, though very irregular, generally follow the stress of
the corresponding noun or verb; and consequently this
word ought to have the same accent as abtoli'c, which is
the more immediate relation of the word in question, and
not the accent of absolute, which is the most distant, 512.
Kenrick, W. Johnston, Fjitick, and Nares, have not in-
serted this woni ; and Mr. Perry very improperly accents
it upon the third syllable.
ABSONANT, ilAA-niut, 544. 7 ,
ABSOXOUS, IbisA- nfts $ "*' Absurd-con-
trary to reason.
To A BSORB, il^s^rb/ v. a. To swallow up ; to luck up.
ABSORBENT, ll>-sSr-b£nt, *. A medicine that
tucks up humours.
ABU
ru3t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — ni 162, move 1(54,
ABSORPT, 4b-sorpt,' part. Swallowed up.
ABSORPTION, &b-s5rpish&n, s. The act of swal.
lowing up.
To ABSTAIN, ib-stAne,' v. n. To forbear, to deny
one's self any gratification.
ABSTEMIOUS, 4b-st6£m£. is, adj. Temperate, so.
ber, abstinent.
ABSTEMIOUSLY, ib-st(?im£-tis-l£, adv. Temper,
ately, soberly, without indulgence.
ABSTEMIOUSNESS, ib-st&-mi.&s-n£ss, j. 534.
The quality of being abstemious.
ABSTENTION, M>-st5u-shfcn, j. The act of hold-
ing off.
To ABSTERGE, ab-sterje, v. a To cleanse by wip.
iag ; to wipe.
ABSTERGKNT, il>-st3rij£nt, adj. Cleansing; hav-
ing a cleansing quality.
To ABSTERSE, ib-sterse,' v. a. To cleanse, to purify.
ABSTERSION, &b-st5r£,li6n, s. The act of cleansing.
ABSTERSIVE, &b-st£r-slT, nclj. 428. That has the
quality of absterging or cleansing.
ABSTINENCE, ib-*t4-!)£lise, *. Forbearance of any
thing; fasting, or forbearance of necessary food.
ABSTINENT, 4lAtd-n5nt, adj. That uses absti-
nence.
To ABSTRACT, Ib-slrikt,' v. a. To take one thing
from another ; to seperate ideas; to reduce to an epi-
tome.
ABSTRACT, 4b-strikt,' adj. Separated from some,
thing else : generally used with relation to mental per-
ceptions.
ABSTRACT, ib^strikt, s. 492. A smaller quantity,
containing the virtue or power of a greater ; an epitome
made by biking out the principal parts.
ABSTRACTED, ib-strik^t^d, p. a. Separated ; re-
fined, abstruse; absent of mind.
ABSTRACTEDLY, ib-strik£t£d-l£, adv. With ab-
straction, simply, separate from all contingent circum-
stances.
ABSTRACTION, &b-strikishftn, s. The act of ab-
stracting ; the state of being abstracted.
ABSTRACTIVE, ib-strikitlv, adj Having the
power or quality of abstracting.
ABSTRACTLY, ib-strikt-I^, adv. In an abstract
manner.
ABSTRUSE, ib-str&se,' adj. 427. Hidden ; difficult,
remote from conception or apprehension.
ABSTRUSELY, ib-strftse^Ie, adv. Obscurely, not
plainly, or obviously.
ABSTRUSENF.SS, 4b-strftse^n£ss, s. Difficulty, ob-
scurity.
ABSTRUSITY, 3.b str{ii*£-t<J, j. 511. Abstruseness ,
that which is abstruse.
To ASSUME, &b-sft:n<^ v. a. To bring to an end by
gradual waste.
ABSURD, ;\b-sfird, adj. Inconsistent; contrary to
reason.
ABSURDITY, &b-s&ridd-t£, s. 511. The quality at
being absurd ; that which is al»urd.
ABSURDLY, ib-»ftrdM£, adv. Improperly, unrca.
sonably.
ABSUKDXESS, Ab s&rd£n£ss, s. The quality o." be-
ing absurd ; injudiciousiiess, impropriety.
ABUNDANCE, i-bftniditisi-, «. Plenty; great num-
bers; a great quantity ; exuberance, more than enough.
ABUNDANT, &-b&n-:tint, adj. Plentiful; exube-
rant; fully stored.
ABUNDANTLY, i-bftnWint-lA, adv. In plt-m.. ;
amply, liberally, more than sufficiently.
To ABUSE, iVb&zv/ v. a. 437. To make an ill UK
of; to deceive, to impose upon ; to treat with rudcnes*.
ABUSE, i -bftsc/ s. 437. The ill use of any tbmg ; a
corrupt practice, bad custom ; scduccment ; unjust cerr
sure, rude reproach.
ABUSER, a-bu-z(ir, s. He that makes an ill use , h«
that deceives; h« that reproaches with rudeness.
AC A
ACC
nor 167, nit 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bflll 173— oil 299— p6find 313— //tin 46G— THis 489.
ABUSIVE, & bu-slv, adj. 428. Practising abuse;
containing abuse; deceitful.
ABUSIVELY, a-bu-slv-le, adv. Improperly, by a
wronc use ; reproachfully.
ABUSJVENESS, a-bfi-slv-n3ss, s. Foulness of lan-
guage
To
der
ABUTMENT
borders upon another.
ABYSS, a-blss,' s. A 4epth without bottom ; a great
depth, a gulf.
ACACIA, £-ka-sh&-a, s. 505. A drug brought from
Egypt.
ACADEMIAL, ak-a-de'm4-al, adj. Relating to an
academy.
... , ne if I go farther, and hazard a supposition
that seems to account for the very common practice of
placing the accent of so many of the loiiger polysyllables
from the Latin on the first or second syllable. Though
in the Latin there never was more than one accent upon
I a word, yet, in our pronunciation of Latin, we commonly
I place an accent on alternate syllables, as in our own
syllable, as
i, ill pronouncing me ui
:urally place an accent
if divided into dc-a-de-
•mi-a ; so that when the
word becomes anglicised into dc-a-de-my, the first syllable
retains the accent it had when the word was Latin. On
the other hand, it may be conjectured with some proba-
bilitv, that a fondness for pronouncing like the 1- rench
has been the occasion of the alteration. As the English
ever suppose the French place the accent on the last syl-
lable, in endeavouring to pronounce this word after their
academy. manner, the stress must naturally fall on the second and
ACADEMIAN, ak-a-de-me-an, S. A scholar of an ! |ast syllables, as if divided into a-cdd-a-mie ; and from an
aeademv or university I imitation of this, it is probable, the present pronuncia-
aeaemv or unversy I , ,
^.r,rwrr.AT Sir 3,l£m'mA t3l nM K»inn<,in<r ! u°n of the word was produced. Thus we have
CADEMICAL, ak-a-oem-me-kai, adj. Belonging < probable reason why ^ many of our jonger wor
to an university. ' the Latin are accented so near the beginning ; as, in this
ACADEMICK, ik-a-dem-lk, s. 5O8. A student of
an university
ACADEMICK, ak-ka-d&nr.ilk, adj. Relating to an
university
ACADEMICIAN, ak kS d^-mish-an, s. The mem-
ber of an academy.
ACADEMIST, a-kad£d£-misf, or, ak-a-d£m-lst, *.
The member of an academy.
ACADEMY, a-ka<t-d£-m£, or, ak£a-d£m-£, s. An
assembly or society of men, uniting for the promotion
of some art ; the place where sciences are taught ; a
,
modeof pronouncing them, they seem to retain one of the
accents of the original. Hence the long train of words,
voluntary, comparable, disputable, admirable, &e. have
the accent on the first syllable; because, in pronouncing
the words voluntarius, comparabilis, disputabUis, admira-
bilis, &c. we commonly lay a stress upon the first, as well
as the third syllable. As to the analogy, as Mr. Sheridan
pretends, of pronouncing this word with the accent on the
second syllable, because words ending in my have the ac-
cent on the antepenultimate, nothing can be more ill-
founded. True it is, that words of this termination never
have the accent on the penultimate ; but that, for this
reason, they must necessarily have the accent on the an
place of education, in contradistinction to the universi- tepenultimate, I cannot well comprehend. \f polygamy,
ties or public schools. eecvtumty, astronomy, &c- 515. have their accent on the
Dr. Johnson tells us, that this word was anciently
antepenultimate, it arises from the nature of the termina
ilirt shall be a little acadtmy,
" Still and contemplative in living arts."
/.«:•?'.! Uibovr>i Loll.
And in Ben Jonson's New Inn we find the same accen-
tuation:
" Every house became
" An academy of honour, and those parts
« We see departed .",
But the accentuation of this word formerly, on the first
syllable, is so generally acknowledged, as not to stand in
need of poetic authority. The question is, whether this
accentuation, or that which places the stress on the second
syllable, is the more proper ? To wave, therefore, the
authority of custom, which precludes all reasoning on
language, and reduces the dispute to a mere matter of
fact, it may be presumed, that whatever is agreeable to
the most general usage of the language in similar words,
is the most proper in this ; and if it appears that general
usage, in similar words, is in favour of the old pronuncia-
tion, it must certainly, for that reason, be allowed to be
the best. And first it may be observed, that as our lan-
guage is almost as averse to the accent on the last sylla-
bic as the Latin, it is a general custom with us, when wo
adnpt a word from the Latin, and abridge it of one or two
of its syllables, to remove the accent at least a syllable
higher than it was in the original language, that the ac-
receiving Greek through the medium of Latin, generally
pronounced Greek words according to the Latin analogy,
and therefore necessarily placed the accent of academia
<>n the third syllable, which, when reduced to academy,
required the accent to be removed higher.
but how, it will be said, does this account for placing
the accent on the first syllable of the English word aca-
rieiny, rather than tho second ? To this it may be answered,
that the numberless instances of preference given by the
accent to the.first syllable in similar words, such as me-
landinly, p-irtimony, dilatory, &c. might 1)6 a sufficient
authority without any other reason. Cut, perlmus it will
saying the word academy ought to have the accent on the
first syllable; though present usage, it must be confessed,
seems to lead to the contrary pronunciation.
ACANTHUS, a-kan-Mu«, s. 470. The herb bears-
foot.
AcATALECTIC, a-kat-a-l&ki-tlk, s. A verse which
has the complete number of syllables.
To ACCEDE, ak-s£de,'t>.n. Tobe added to, tocometo.
To ACCELERATE, ak-s£i-lur-ate, v. a. To make
quick, to hasten, to quicken motion.
ACCELERATION, ak-s£l-lfrr-A-sh&n, s. 555. The
act of quickening motion ; the state of the body acce-
lerated.
To AcCEND, ak-s§nd, v. a. To kindle, to set on fire.
ACCENSION, ak-s£u-shfrn, s. The act of kindling, or
the state of being kindled.
ACCENT, ak-s£nt, s. 486. The manner of speaking
or pronouncing ; the marks made upon syllables to re-
gulate tlicir pronunciation ; a modification of the voice,
expressive of the passions or sentiments.
To ACCENT, ak-s£nt/ v. a. 492. To pronounce, to
.n^m . vim. I.. .TOO i,. M.V, i>.,^nlu. .o..£U«^, ...it*., mv en.- j spe.ik words with particular regard to the grammatica1
cent, when the word is naturalized, may not rest on the | marks or rules ; to write or note the accents,
lait. Thus., of Home'rus vie make Homer ; of Virgilim, \ A *• JL/.-i.Jt *l nlii Acn Holafino
Virgil ; and of Hordtitis, Horace: Ifyacinthus, altered to | AU '*r« <" *•*! auj- ^
HuacirJh, removes the accent two syllables higher; and I toaccents.
ceremonia, become ceremony, docs the same ; and no law | it> J hls word " m no English Dictionary I have met
that I know of, forbids us to accent academia, or if you j w'th : "V1' conceiving its formation to be perfectly agree-
will A*«fcji*;«, when turned into academy, on the first syl- able to the analogy of English adjectives and finding i|
lable, as it was constantly accented by our ancestors, who, "s"1 by several very resi>ectable authors, 1 have ventured
::.:__ r- — i. .i u.i i:...i _<•!-.:_ n.. to insert it. Mr. Foster, in his Essay on Accent and
Quantity, says, " When a high note soccee.is a low one,
or rises above the grave tone of voice, the perception of
it is sudden and instantaneous, before the continuance of
the note is determined one way or the other for long or
short. This I more clearly conceive, than I can perhaps
express. I cull however engage to make it perceptible to
a common English car in any Greek word, according to
its present accentual mark." And Dr. Galley, in his Dis-
sertation against Greek accents, makes use of the same
word, where he says, " for if IlOSni means, according
to Mr. Foster, that oratorical or common discourse difrbrs
H
ACC G
550. Fite73, far, 77, fall 83, fat 81— m£ 93, m£t 95— ]>!ne 105, pin 107— nA 162, m6ve 164,
from music onlv in the number of sounds, I. e. that the
f irmcr has only four or five notoo, but that the latter has
inanv more, than the accentual pronunciation of a Greek
salience will not differ from the singing of the same sen-
tence, when set to four or five corresponding notes in
music, i. e. it will, in both cases, be a song."
To ACCENTUATE, Ms-a&Ashft ate, v. a. 461.
To place the accent properly,
ACCENTUATION, ak-sen-tshu-a—liun, *. Theact
of placing the accent in pronunciation or writing.
To ACCEPT, ak-s^p!.' v. a. To tike with pleasure,
to receive kindly.
ACCEPTABILITY, ak sep-ta-bll-le-te, s. The qua-
lity of being acceptable.
ACCEPTABLE, ak-s£p-ta-bl, adj. Grateful, pleasing.
Jf5» Within these twenty years this word has shifted its
accent from trie second to the first syllable. There are
now few polite speakers who do not pronounce it ac'cept-
nble; and it is much to be regretted that this pronuncia-
tion is become so general; for where consonants of so
different an organ as p and / are near the end of a word,
the word is pronounced with much more difficulty when
the accent is removed higher than when it is arrested by
these letters: for, in this case, the force which accompa-
nies the accent facilitates the organs in their transition
from the formation of the one letter to the other. As
nature, therefore, directs us to place the accent upon these
consonants in all words ending Ui actire, ective, ictive,
active, and uctifc; actible, ect'Me, octiblc, and itctihfe; so
we ought to listen to the same voice in pronouncing ac-
ceptable, rusceptWe, corrupt'Mc, with the accent on the
Kcond syllable. — See Coninx-ndable.
ACCEPTABLENESS, ak-b^p-ta-bUn^ss, s. The qua-
lity of being acceptable.
ACCEPTABLY, ak~£p-ta-bld, adv. In an acceptable
manner.
ACCEPTANCE, ak-s£pitanse, *. Reception with ap-
probation.
ACCEPTATION, ak-s^p-ta^sh&n, s. Reception, whe-
ther gopd or bad : the meaning of a word.
ACCEPTER, ak-sfy-tur, s. 98. The person that ac-
cepts.
ACCEPTION. ak-s£pish&n, *. The received sense of
a word ; the meaning.
ACCESS, ak-s£ss,' ,t. The way by which any thing
may be approached ; the means', or liberty, of approach-
ing "either to things or men ; increase, enlargement, ad-
dition ; the returns or fits of a distemper.
|rt» This word is sometimes heard with the accent on
tliefirst syllable :
" Hall, water-grnel, healing power,
" Of easy acceti to the poor!"
Hut this pronunciation ought to be avoided, as contrary
to analogy, and the general usage of the language ; as
may be seen in Johnson, under the word.
ACCESSARINESS, aki-s£s-i>a-r£-n£ss, s. The state of
being accessary.
ACCESSARY, ak-s£s-sa-r£, s. He that, not being th
ehiet agent in a crime, contributes to iL
ACCESSARY, ak-s£s-sa-r£, adj. Joined to, additior
id, helping forward.
ACCESSIBLE, ak-s3s-s£-bl, adj. That whicli may be
approached.
ACCESSION, ak-s5shi&n, s. Increase by something
added ; the act of coming to, or joining one's self to, as.
accession to a confederacy ; the act of arriving at, as,
the king's accession to the throne,
AcCESSORILY, aki*£s-sA-rd-l£, adv. In the man-
ner of an accessory.
ACCESSORY, akis£s-si-ri, adj. 557. Joined to
other thing, so as to increase it ; additional.
ACCIDENCE, akis4-d£nse, *. The little book con-
taining the first rudiments of grammar, and explaining
the properties of the eight parts of speech.
ACCIDENT, ak£s£-d£nt, 4. The property or quality of
any being which may be separated from it, at least in
thought ; in grammar, the property of a worn j that
which happens unforeseen ; casualty, chance.
CCIDENTAL, UM^-ditMl, s. A property non-
essential.
ACCIDENTAL, ak-s£-d£n£«al, ad). Having the qua-
lity of an acciilent ; non-racutial; casual, fortuitous
MPt^ntruj by cl;rui«j.
ACCIDENTALLY, ak-se-d£niial-l£, adv. Casually,
fortuitously.
AcciDES'TALNESS, ak-s.£-d£n-tal-n£ss, s. The qua-
lity of being accidental.
AcciPlENT, ak-slpip£-£nt, *. A receiver.
To AcciTE, ak-slte/ v. a. To call ; to summon.
ACCLAIM, ak-klame,' *. A shout of praise ; accla-
mation.
ACCLAMATION, ak-kla-ma^sh&n, s. Shout* of ap-
plause
ACCLIVITY, ak-k11viv£-t£, s. 511. The steepncsi
or slope of a line inclining to the horizon, reckoned up-
wards; as, the ascent of a hill is the acclivity, the de-
scent is the declivity.
ACCLIVOUS, ak-klliv&s, adj. 503. (h.) Rising
with a slope.
To AcCLOY, ak-kl5£,' v. a. 329- To fill up, in an
ill sense; to fill to satiety.
To ACCOIL, ak-koil,' v. n. 229. To crowd, to keep
a coil about, to bustle, to be in a hurry.
ACCOLENT, ak-k6-!£nt, s. 544. A borderer.
ACCOMMODABLE, ak-k6m-mi-da-bl, adj. That
which may be fitted.
To ACCOMMODATE, ak-k&mimA-date, v. a. 91.
To supply with conveniences of any kind.
ACCOMMODATE, ak-kom-mo-date, adj. 91. Suit-
able, fit.
ACCOMMODATELY, ak-k&m-mi-date-le. adr. 91
Suitably, fitly.
ACCOMMODATION, ak-kim-mo-daishun, j. Pro-
vision of conveniences; in the plural, conveniences,
things requisite to ease or refreshment ; composition
of a difference, reconciliation, adjustment.
ACCOMPANABLE, ak-k&m-pa-na-bl, adj- Sociable.
AccOMPANlER, ak-k&m-pa-n£-5r, s. The person
that makes part of the company ; companion.
ACCOMPANIMENT, ak-kfrin-pa-ne-m£nt, s. The
adding of one thing to another by way of ornament ;
the instrumental that accompanies the vocal part in mu-
sic. Ash.
To ACCOMPANY, ak-kfrmipa-n£, t>. a. 165. To
be with another as a companion ; to join with.
ACCOMPLICE, ak-k5rr>iplis, s. 1 42. An associate,
a partaker, usually in an ill sense ; a partner, or co-op-
erator.
To ACCOMPLISH, ak-k6m-pllsh, r. a. To com-
plete, to execute fully, as, toaccomplish adesign ; to ful-
fil, as a prophecy ; to adorn, or furnish, either mind or
body.
ACCOMPLISHED, ak-k&m-pllsh-£d, p. a. Com-
plete in some qualification ; elegant, finished in res|>ect
of embellishments.
Act'OMPLISHER, ak-k&mipllsb-&r, *. The person
that accomplishes.
ACCOMPLISHMENT, ak-k&m-pllsh-m£nt, s. Com-
pletion, full performance, perfection ; completion, as of
a prophecy ; embellishment, elegance, ornament of
mind or body.
AccOMFT, ak-k6fint,' s. 407. An account, a reckon-
ing
AccOMPTANT, ak-kouui-tant, s. 412. A reckoner,
computer.
To ACCORD, ak-kSrd,' v. a. To make agree, to ad-
just one thing to another.
To ACCORD, ak-kord/ v. n. To agree, to suit on«
with another.
ACCORD, ak-kortl,' s. A comjiact, an agreement ;
concurrence, union of mind ; harmony, symmetry.
ACCORDANCE, ak-kSri-danse, *. Agreement with
a person ; conformity to something.
ACCORDANT, ak-korkiant, adj. Willing, in good
humour.
ACCORDING TO, ak-kor-dlng tfi, ;>. In a manner
suitable to, agreeable to ; in proportion ; with regard to.
ACCORDINGLY, ak-koriding-l£, ado Agreeably,
suitably, lonformably.
To ACCOST, Ak-ko-t,' v. a. To speak to first, to id-
ilrtw. to snlufo.
ACC
ACQ
167, nit 1 63— tiibe 171, ti'ib 172, bill 173— oil 299— pofind 313— thin 466— TH's 4(59.
ACCUSTOMABLE, ak-k?u-t&m-ma-bl, adj. Done by
long custom or habit
ACCUSTOMABLY, ak-kft-ilfim-a-bli, adv. Accor-
ding to custom.
ACCUSTOMANCE, ak-kus-t&m-manse, s. Custom,
habit, use.
ACCUSTOMARILY, ak-kas-t&m-ma-re-l<*, adv. In
a customary manner.
ACCUSTOMARY, ak-k{i^t&m-ma-r£, adj. 51 2.
Usual, practised.
ACCUSTOMED, ik-kls-,fim-^d, adj. 362. Accor-
ding to custom, frequent, usual.
ACE, ase, *. An unit, a single point on cards or dice ;
a small quantity.
ACERBITY, a-sli-bi-te, s. 51 1. A rough sour taste;
applied to men, sharpness of temper.
To ACERVATE, a-ser-vate, v. a. 91. To heap up.
AcERVATION, as-£r-va-:>h&i), s. 527. Heaping to-
gether.
ACESCENT, a-s£s-s£nt, ai\}. That which has a ten-
dency to sourness or acidity.
ACETOSE, as-£-t6se,' adj. 427. That which has in
it acids.
ACETOSITY, as-£-t6sie-t«*, s. 511. The itate of he-
ing acetose.
ACETOUS, a-sd-t&s, adj. 314. Sour.
ACHE, ake, s. 355. A continued pain.
To ACHK, ake, v. n. To be in pain.
To ACHIEVE, at-tsheve,' v. a. 257. To perform,
to finish.
ACHIEVER, at-tshd-v&r, *. He that performs what
he endeavours.
ACHIEVEMENT, at-tsht*ve£ni£nt, *. The perfor-
mance of an action ; the escutcheon, or ensigns armo-
rial.
ACHING, a-klng, s. Pain, uneasiness.
AcHOR, a-kor, s. 166. A species of the herpes.
AciD, as-slcl, adj. Sour, sharp.
AciD, asMd, s. An acid substance.
ACIDITY, a-sld^dd-t^, s. 5 LI. Sharpness, sourness.
ACIDNESS, a^-sld-n£ss, s. The quality of being acid.
ACIDUL-S;, a-sld-dfJ-!e, S. 199. Medicinal springs
impregnated with sharp particles.
To ACIDULATE, a-s!d-d6-!ate, v. a. 91. To tinge
with acids in a slight degree.
To ACKNOWLEDGE, ak-noMSdj, v. a. 328. To
own the knowledge of, to own any thing or person in
a particular character ; to confess, as, a fault ; to own
as, a benefit.
AcCOSTAJH.E, ak-k&s-ti-bl, a((j. 405. Easy of ac-
cess, familiar.
ACCOUNT, ak-k5&nt,' s. 407. A -o;nputation of
debts or excuses ; the state or result of a computation ;
value or estimation ; a narrative, relation ; the relation
and reasons of a transaction given to a person in autho-
rity ; explanation, assignment of causes.
To ACCOUNT, ak-kSint,' v. a. To esteem, to think,
to hold in opinion ; to reckon, to compute; to Rive an
account, to assign the causes; to make up the reckon-
ing, to answer tor practice ; to hold in esteem.
ACCOUNTABLE, ak-koun-ta-bl, adj. of whom an
account may be required ; who must answer for.
ACCOUNTANT, ak-koun-tant, adj. Accountable
to, responsible for.
ACCOUNTANT, ak-koun-tant, s. A computer, a
man skilled or employed in accounts.
ACCOUNT- BOOK, ak-kount-book, s. A book con-
taining accounts.
To ACCOUPLE, ak-k&p-pl, v. a. 314. To join, to
link together.
To ACCOURT, ak-kirt,' v. a 318. To entertain
with courtship or courtesy.
To ACCOUTRE, ak-kS6-tur, v. a. 31 5. To dress,
to equip.
ACCOUTREMENT, ak-koo-i&r-m^nr, s. Dress,
equipage, trappings, ornaments.
ACCREDITED, ak-kr£d-lMf<J, adj. Of allowed re-
putation, confidential. Mason.
ACCRETION, ak-kr^-shun, s. The act of growing to
another, so as to increase it.
ACCRETIVE, ak-k i <Rt Iv, adj. 158. Growing, that
which by growth is added.
To ACCROACH, ak-krotsh,' v. a, 295. To draw to
one as with a hook.
To ACCRUE, ak-ki-66,' v. n. 339- To accede to, to
be added to ; to be added, a< an advantage or improve-
ment ; in a commercial sense, to be produced, or arise,
as profits.
ACCUBATION, ik-kil-ba-sli&n, s. The ancient pos-
ture of leaning at meals.
To ACCUMB, ak-k&mb,' v. a. 347. To lie at th
table, according to the ancient manner.
To ACCUMULATE, ak-kWmi-late, v. a. 91. To
pile up, to heap together.
ACCUMULATION, ak-kfi-mi-la'sh&n, s. The act
of accumulating ; the state of being accumulated.
ACCUMULATIVE, ak-kiiimfc-la-iiv, adj. 157.
That which accumulates ; that which is accumulated.
ACCUMULATOR, ak-kii-mfi-la-t&r, s. 521. He that
accumulates, a gatherer or heaper together.
ACCURACY, ak^kii-ra-se, s. Exactness, nicety.
ACCURATE, akikh-rate, adj. 91. Exact, as opposed
to negligence or ignorance ; exact, without defect or
failure.
ACCURATELY, akiku-rate-l^, adv. Exactly, with-
out error, nicely.
AccuRATENESS) ak-k6-rate-n4ss, s. Exactness,
nicety.
To ACCURSB, ak-k&rse,' v. a. To doom to misery.
ACCURSED, ak-k6ri-6d, part. adj. 362. That
which is cursed or doomed to misery ; execrable, hate-
ful, detestable.
ACCUSABLE, ak-kfc-zi-bl, adj. 405. That which
may be censured ; blameable; culpable.
ACCUSATION, ak-ki-za-sli&'i, s. The act of accus-
ing ; the charge brought igninst any one.
ACCUSATIVE, ak-ki-za-tiv, adj. A term of gram-
mar, the fourth ca<e of a noun.
ACCUSATORY, ak-k6iza-t&-re, adj. 512. That
which produceth or contained! an accusation.
To ACCUSE, uk-kiiZf,' f a. To charge with a crime ;
to blame or censure.
ACCUSER, ak-k6-zur, s. 98. He that brings a
charge against another.
To ACCUSTOM, ak-kas-;fim, v. a. 1\> hnbituate,
to inure.
ACKNOWLEDGING, ak-nAM£dj-lng, adj. Grateful.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT, ak-n6i!£t!je-m£nt, s. 328.
See Knowledge. Concession of the truth of any position ;
confession of a fault; confession of a benefit received.
ACME, ak-m£, s. The height of any thing; more e-
specially used to denote the height of a distemper.
ilo-thlst, s. 7
, s. 544. $ Ol
ACOLOTHIST, a-k51ilo-thlst, s.
ACOLYTE, akiA-llie, s. 54
order in the Romish church.
of the lowest
.
ACONITE, ak-ko-nite, s. 155. The herb wolfs.
bane. In poetical language, poison in general.
ACORN, a-korn, s. The seed or fru:t borne by the
oak.
AfOUSTICKS, a-ko&istlks, s. 313. The doctrine or
theory of sounds ; medicines to help the hearing.
To ACQUAINT, ak-kwant/ v. a. 202. To make fa.
miliar with ; to inform.
ACQUAINTANCE, ak-kwan-tinse, s. The state of
being acquainted with, familiarity, knowledge ;.fami
liar knowledge; a slight or initial knowledge, short of
friendship; the person with whom we are acquainted,
without the intimacy of friendship.
ACQUAINTED, ak-kwau£t6d, adj. Familiar, well-
known.
ACQUEST, ak-kw^t,' s. Acquisition ; the thing
gained.
ACT 8 ADD
559. Fate 73, fir, 77, fall 83, fit 81— mi 93, m& 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, move 1G4,
To ACQUIESCE, ak-kwd-£ss/ v. n. To rest in, or
remain satisfied.
ACQUIESCENCE, ak-kw&-£ss££nse, *. A silent ap-
pearance of content ; satisfaction, rest, content ; sub-
ini<sion.
ACQUIRABI.E, Ik-kwKriUM, adj. 405. Attain-
able.
Tn ACQUIRE, ak-kwlre,' v. a. To gain by one's la-
bour or power.
ACQUIRED, ak-kwUr£d, jxirt. adj. 362. Gained by
one's self.
ACQUIRER, Jk-kwlirfir, s. 98. The person that ac-
quires ; a gainer.
ACQUIREMENT, ak-kwlre£m£nt, j. That which is
acquired, gain, attainment.
ACQUISITION, ak-kwd-zish-sh&n, s. The act of ac-
quiring ; the thing gained, acquirement.
ACQUISITIVE, ak-kwlziz4-tlv, adj. 157. That
which is acquired.
ACQUIST, ak-kivlst,' s. Acquirement, attainment
To ACQUIT, Ak-kwlt,' v. a. 415. To set f'ee; to
clear from a charge of guilt, to absolve ; as, the jury
acquitted him ; to clear from any obi igation ; as, the man
hath acquitted himself well, he discharged his duty.
ACQUITMF.NT, ik-kwllUMat, s. The state of be-
ing acquitted, or act of acquitting.
ACQUITTAL, ak-kwl&al, s. 157. Is a deliverance
from an offence.
To ACQUITTANCE, ak-kwlt£tanse, v. n. To pro-
cure an acquittance, to acquit
ACQUITTANCE, ak-kwltiianse, *. The act of dis-
charging from a debt ; a writing testifying the receipt
of a debt.
ACRE, a-k&r, s. 98. 416. A quantity of land, con-
taining in length forty perches, and four in breadth, or
4840 square yards.
ACRID, ak-i Id, adj. Of a hot biting taste
ACRIMONIOUS, ak-kr£-mAin4-fis, adj. 314. Shar;>,
corrosive.
ACRIMONY, akikr&-mA-n£,
s. 557- Sharpness,
corrosiveness ; sharpness of temper, severity.— See Do-
mestic.
AcRITUDE, ak-kr£-thde, *. An acrid taste, a bit-
ing heat on the palate.
ACKOAMATICAL, ak-kro-a-maii.td~kal, adj. 509.
Of or pertaining to deep learning.
ACROSPIRE, aki-krA-splre, s. 1 5 1 . A shoot or sprout
from the end of seeds.
ACROSPIRED, aUkrA-spl-r£d, part. adj. 362.
Having sprouts.
ACROSS, i-kr&ss,' adv. Athwart, laid over something
so as to cross it
ACROSTICK, a-kr&ssWk, s. A poem, in which th_
first letter of every line being taken, makes up the name
of the person or thing on which the poem is written.
T» ACT, akt, v. n. To be in action, not to rest
To ACT, akt, v. a. To perform a borrowed charac-
ter, as a stage-player ; to produce effects in some pas-
sive subject
ACT, akt, s. Something done, a deed, an exploit,
whether good or ill ; a part of a play, during which the
action proceeds without interruption ; a decree of par
liament
ACTION, akish&o, *. 290. The quality or state of
acting, opposite to rest ; an act or thing done, a deed :
agency, operation ; the series of events represented in
fable; gesticulation, the accordance of the motions 01
le body with the words spoken ; a term in law.
ACTIONABLE, akish&n-a-bl, adj. 405. That which
admits an action in law, punishable.
ACTION-TAKING, akish&n-taikW adj. Liti
gious.
ACTIVE, ak^tlv, adj. 150. That which has the
power or quality of acting ; that which acts, opposed to
passive; busy, engaging in action, opposed to idle or
•dentary ; nimble, agile, quick ; in grammar, a verb
active is that which signifies action, as, I teach
Ac I IVEI.Y, akitiv-ld, ad,,. Busily, nimbly.
ACTIVENF.SS, ak-tlv-n£>s, i. Quickness, nimbW-
ness.
ACTIVITY, ak-tlvii-ti, j. 515. The quality of be-
ing active.
ACTOR, ak^i&r, ». 93. 418. He that act* or per-
forms any thing; he that personates a character, a
stage-player.
ACTRESS, ak'tr&ss, s. She that perform* any thing ;
a woman that plays on the stage.
ACTUAL, ak-tsh6-al, adj. 461. Realh in act. nol
merely potential ; in act, not purely in speculation.
ACTUALITY, ak-tshii-al-ld-t£, s. The state of be.
ing actual.
ACTUALLY, ak-tshi-al-l£, adv. In act, in effect,
really.
AcTUALNESS, ak-tshfi-al-n£ss, *. The quality of
being actual.
ACTUARY, akitsh£i-a-r£, «. The register or officer
who compiles the minutes of the proceedings of a court
To ACTUATE, akitsh&-ate, v. a. To put into ac-
tion.
AcTUOSE, ak-tfr Ase,' adj. Having the power of ac-
tion. Ash — See the Appendix.
To ACUATE, ak-ii-ate, v. a. 91. To sharpen.
ACULEATE, a-k£i-!e-ite, adj. 9K Prickly, that
which terminates in a sharp point
ACUMEN, a-kfj-m£n, «. 503. (h) A sharp point;
figuratively, quickness of intellects.
ACUMINATED, a-kii-m<i-iia-t£d, part. adj. End.
ing in a point, sharp-pointed.
ACUTE, S-kftte,' adj. Sharp, opposed to blunt ; in.
genious, opposed to stupid ; acute disease, any disease
which is attended with an increased velocity of blood,
and terminates in a few days ; acute accent, that which
raises or sharpens the voice.
ACUTELY, a-k6teM£, adv. After an acute manner
sharply.
ACUTENESS, a-kfttei|i5ss, s. Sharpness ; force of in-
tellects ; violence and speedy crisis of a malady ; sharp-
ness of sound.
ADACTED, a-dak^tid, jmrt. adj. Driven by force.
ADAGE, id-aje, s. 90. A maxim, a proverb.
ADAGIO, a-da-ji-A, s. A term used by musicians,
to mark a slow time.
ADAMANT, ad-a-mant, *. A stone of impenetrable
hardness; the diamond; the load-stone.
ADAMANTEAN, ad-a-man-t^an, adj. Hard **
adamant
ADAMANTINE, ad-a-manitln, adj. 140. Made of
adamant; having the qualities of adamant, as, hardness,
indissolubility.
Jf^" Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Perry, uni-
formly pronounce the last syllable of this word as it it
here marked, and W. Johnston only so as to ryhme
with line.
ADAM'S-APPLE, ad-amz-ap-pl, s. A prominent
part of the throat
To ADAPT, a-dapt,' v. a. To fit, to suit, to propor-
tion.
ADAPTATION, a-dap-taish&n, s. 527. The act of
fitting one thing to another, the fitness of one thing t
another.
ADAPTION, a-dap-sh&n, s. The act of fitting.
To ADD, id, v. a. To join something to that which
was before.
To ADDECIMATE, ad-d^s^-mate, v. a. 91. To
take or ascertain tithes.
To ADDEEM, ad-d^m/ v. a. To esteem,- to ac-
count
ADDENDUM, ad-d^uid&m, s. An addition or arv
pcndix to a work.
ADDER, ad-d&r, s. 98. 418. A serpent, a viper,
a poisonous reptile.
ADDER'S-GRASS, ad^d&rz-grass, 5. A plant
ADDER'S-TONGUE, id^d&rz-t&ng, 7
ADUER'S-WORT, adM&rz-wfirt, $*' B
A DDIBLE, adMe-bl, adj. 405. Possible to be addcA
ADJ
J)
ADM
nir 167, n&t 163— thbe 171, t&b 172, b&ll 173 — 511 299 — pound 313 — lh\n 466— THIS 4G9.
AODIBILITY, ad-d£-bll-l£-t£, *. 511. The possi- ADJACENT, ad-ja^nt, ailj Lying close, bordering
bilily of being added. j upon something.
ADDICE, ad-dU, s. 142. A kind of axe, corruptly , ADJACENT, ad-ja^nt, t- That which lies next
pronounced adz. I another.
To ADDICT, ad-dlkt,' v. a. To devote, to dedicate; ADIAPHOROUS, a-d£-af-'o-ras, adj. Neutral.
it is commonly taken in a bad sense, as, he addicted A DIAPHORY, a-d£-af-fi-rd, s. 534. Neutrality,
himself to vice. indifference.
ADmcTEDNESs,ad-d!kMed-n6ss,j. Th estate of be- ! To ADJECT, ad-j4kt,' v. a. To add to; to put to.
iug addicted. ! ABJECTION, a<l-i£k£.sl]un, s. The act of adjecting,
ADDICTION, ad-dlkish&n, 3. The act of devoting ; or add . 'the J adje(,^j or ai|(le(i
Addition, the
the state of being devoted
ADDITAMENT, ad-dit-a-m&nt,
thing added.
ADDITION, ad-dlsh-shin, s. 459. The act of adding
one thing to another j the thing added ; in arithmetic,
addition is the reduction of two or more numbers of
like kind together into one sum or total.
ADDITIONAL, ad-dlshish&n-al, adj. That which
is added.
AODITORY, ad-d^-ti-n*, adj. 512. That which
has the power of adding.
ADDLE, ad^dl, adj. 40"5. Originally applied to eggs,
and signifying such as produce nothing, thence trans-
ferred to brains that produce nothing.
ADDLE-PATED, ad-dl-pa-t£d, adj. Having barren
brains.
To ADDRESS, ad-dr£ss,' v, a,' To prepare one's self
to enter upon any action ; to apply to another by words.
ADDRESS, ad-dr£ss,' s. Verbal application toany one;
ig; the thing adje
AOJECTITIOUS, ad-j£k-tlsh-&s, adj. Added, thrown
in.
ADJECTIVE, ad£j3k-tlv, s. 512. A word added to
a noun, to signify the addition or separation of some
quality, circumstance, or manner of being ; as, good,
bad.
AoJECTlVELY, ad-j£k-tlv-ld, adv. After the man-
ner of an adjective.
ADIEU, a-di,' adv. 284. Farewell.
To ADJOIN, ad-joln,' v. a. 299. To join to, to unite
to, to put to.
To ADJOIN, ad-jSIn,' v. n. To be contiguous to.
To ADJOURN, ad-jfrrn,' v. a. 314. To put off to
another day, naming the time.
ADJOURNMENT, ad-j&rn-m£nt, s. A putting off
till another day.
AoiPOUS, ad-d^-p&s, adj. 314. Fat
ADIT, ad-it, s. A passage undet ground.
courtship ; manner of addressing another, as, a man of A «, Jci,/ci.j>)n . A rQ TH,,, D,.f .<• „„:„„ ,„
pleasing address ; skill, dexterity ; manner of directing ; ADITION, ad-lsh-shun, s. 459. The aU of going to
a letter. i another.
ADDRESSER, ad-drSsis&r, s. 98. The person that To ADJUDGE, aJ-j&dje,' ». a. To give the thing
addresses. I controverted to one of the parties ; to sentence to a
To ADDUCE, ad-d&se,' v. a. To bring something for- punishment ; simply to judge, to decree.
ward in addition to something already produced. To ADJUDICATE, ad-jfi-dd-kate, v. a. To ad.
j£5" This word, though constantly arising in conversa-
tion, has not yet found its way into any of our Dictiona-
ries. It is, however, legitimately formed, and has a dis-
tinct and specific signification, which distinguishes it from
conduce, induce, produce, and reduce, and nas therefore a
just title to become a part of the language. The proprie-
ty of it is a sufficient authority.
ADDUCENT, ad-dto-s&nt, adj. A word applied to
those muscles that draw together the parts of the body.
To AODULCE, ad-dulse/ v. a. To sweeten.
ADEMPTION, a-d£m-shfin, s. 412. Privation.
ADENOGRAPHY, ad-d£-n&g-gia-f£, s, 518. A
treatise of the glands.
ADEPT, a-d£pt' s. He that is completely skilled in
all the secrets of his art
ADEQUATE, ad-£-kwate, adj. 91. Equal to, pro-
portionate.
ADEQUATELY, adi£-kwate-l£, adv. In an ade-
quate manner ; with exactness of proportion.
ADEQUATENESS, ad^-kwate-ness, s. The state of
being adequate, exactness of proportion.
To ADHERE, ad-h^re^ v. n. To stick to; to remain
firmly fixed to a party, or opinion.
ADHERENCE, ad-b^-r£nse, 7
ADHERENCY, ad-h^r£n-s£, 182,3
of adhering, tenacity; fixedness of mind, attachment,
steadiness.
ADHERENT, ad-h£ir£nt, adj. Sticking to; united
with.
ADHERENT, ad-h£-r£nt, s. A follower, a partisan.
ADHERER, ad-h#r&r, s. 98. He that adheres.
ADHESION, ad-hti-zh&n, s. 451. The actor state
of sticking to something.
ADHESIVE, ad-h^-siv, od». 158. 423. sticking,
tenacious.
To ADHIBIT, ad-hlb-blt, v. a. To apply, to make
use of.
ADHIBITION, ad-hd-blsbish&n, s. 507. Applies.
tion, use.
ADJACENCY, ad-ja^n-si, «, 182. Theilateofly.
ing close to another tiling.
judge.
ADJUDICATION, ad-jfi-d^-kaish&n, s. The act o(
granting something to a litigant
To ADJUGATE, ad-j6-gate, v. a. 91. To yoke to.
ADJUMENT, ad-j&-m£nt, s. Help.
ADJUNCT, ad-jtinkt, s. Something adherent or u-
nited to another.
ADJUNCT, ad-jfinkt, adj. Immediately joined.
ADJUNCTION, ad-jfrnk-shftn, $. The act of ad.
joining ; the thing adjoined.
AOJUNCTIVE, ad-jink-tiv, s. 158. He that joins
that which is joined.
ADJURATION, ad-j&-raishfrn, s. The act of pro-
posing an oath to another ; the form of oath proposed
to another.
To ADJURE, ad-jire,'t>. a. To impose an oath upon
another, prescribing the form.
To ADJUST, ad-jftst,' v. a. To regulate, to put in
order ; to make conformable.
ADJUSTMENT, ad-jist£m£nt, s. Regulation, the act
of putting in method ; the state of being put in me-
thod.
ADJUTANCY, ad£j6-tan-s£, s. The military office
of an adjutant, skilful arrangement Mason,
ADJUTANT, adiji-tant, * 503. (£) An officer
whose duty is to assist the major.
To ADJUTE, ad-jhte/ v. a. To help, to concur.
ADJUTOR, ad-jdit&r, s. 98. 166. A helper.
ADJUTORY, ad^jfi-tir-r^, adj. 512. 557- That
which helps.
ADJUVANT, adfji-vant, adj. Helpful, useful.
To ADJUVATE, adiji-vatf, v.a. 503. (£) To help,
to further.
ADMEASUREMENT, ad-m3zli£fire-m£nt, s. The
act or practice of measuring according to rule.
ADMENSURATION, ad-inen-shi-iaAsh&n, ». 452.
The act of measuring to each his part.
ADMINICLE, ad-niini^-kl. s. 405. Help, suj port.
ADMINICULAR, ad-m^-niki-ii-lar, adj. 418. That
j which gives help.
ADM
10
ADV
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill S3, fit 81 — mi 93, m& 95 — pine 105, pin 107— n6 168, trove 1C4,
To ADMINISTER, id-mlninls-tur, 98. 7 !
To ADMINISTRATE, id-mliiinls-trite, 91. S
To give, to afford, to supply ; to ict as the minister or
igent in anv employment or office ; to perform the of-
fice of an administrator.
ADMINISTRATION, id-niln-nls-tra'sh&n, s. 527.
The act of administering or conducting any employ-
ment; the active or executive part of government; those
to whom the care of public affair.- is committed.
ADMINISTRATIVE, id-mlninls-tra-tlv, adj. 157.
That which administers.
ADMINISTRATOR, id-mln-nls-traitfir, s. 98. 527.
He that has the goods of a man dying intestate com-
mitted to his charge, and is accountable for the same ;
he that officiates in divine rites ; he that conducts the
government.
ADMINISTRATRIX, id-mln-nls-tra£trlks, s. 527.
s-he who administers in consequence of a will.
ADMINISTRATORSHIP, ad-mln-nis-tra-tur-shlp, s.
The office of an administrator.
ADMIRABLE, id-meUri-bl, adj. 405. To be ad-
mired, of power to excite wonder.
ADMIRABLENESS, id-m£-ri-l>l-n£ss, 1
ADMIRABILITY, id-md-ru-bll^-i^, 51 1. 527. J
The quality or state of being admirable.
ADMIRABLY, id-in4-ri-bl£, adv. In an admirable
manner.
ADMIRAL, id^m^-ril, s. An officer or magistrate
that has the government of the king's navy ; the chief
commander of a fleet; the ship which carries the ad-
miral.
ADMIRALSHIP, id^mi-ril-shlp, s. The office of
admiral.
ADMIRALTY, idim<i-ril-t&, s. The power, or of-
ficers, appointed for the administration of naval affairs.
K/" This word is frequently pronounced as if written
admiraUry, with an r in the last syllable ; nor is this mis-
pronunciation, however improper, confined to the lowest
order of the people. The same may be observed of may-
oralty.
ADMIRATION, id-mi-raish&n, s. Wonder, the act
ofadmirmg or wondering.
To ADMIRE, id-mlre,' v o. To regard with won-
der; to regard with love.
ADMIRER, id-mUr&r, s. 98. The person that
wonders, or regards with admiration; a lover.
ADMIRINGLY, id-imiilng-14, adv. With admira-
tion.
ADMISSIBLE, id-mi
may be admitted.
ADMISSION, id-mlsWsh&n, *. The act or practice
of admitting ; the state of being admitted ; admittance,
the power of entering ; the allowance of an argument.
To ADMIT, id-mlt,' v. a. To suffer to enter; to
suffer to enu r upon an office ; to allow an argument or
position ; to allow, or grant in general.
A DMITTABLE, id-mltiti-bl, adj. Which may be
admitted.
ADMITTANCE, id-mltitinse, s. The act of admit-
ting, permission to enter ; the power or right of enter-
ing ; custom ; concession of a position.
To ADMIX, id-mlks,' v. a. To mingle with some-
thing else.
AOMIXTION, i'i-mlksitsh&n, *. The union of one
Ixxly with another.
ADMIXTURE, i I-mlksitshure, j. 461. The body
mingled with another.
Tu ADMONISH, ad-mon-nish, p. a. To warn of a
fault, to reprove gently.
ADMONISHER, i'1-mininish-fir, s. Theperson that
puts another in mind of his faults or duty.
ADMONISHMENT, fcUnfatokb-midt, ,. Admoni-
tion, notice of faults or duties.
ADMONITION, id-mA-nlshiun, s. The hint of a
fault or duty, counsel, gentle reproof.
ADMONITIONER, id-mA-nlsliiftn-&r, s. A general
adviser. A ludicrous term.
ADMONITOR, i.l-m&u£n<l-tir, *. The person that
admonishes.
), adj. 405. That which
The
ADMONITORY, id-m&n-ni-t&r-re, adj. That whi.i
admonishes.— See Domestic.
To AoMOVE, id-m55vt1/ v. a. To bring one thing
to another.
ADMITRMURATION, a<l-in&r-m& la-shftn, s. Tfi«
act of murmuring to another.
ADO, i-rioo,' *. .Trouble, difficulty ; bustle, tumult.
business ; more tumult and show of business than tlK
affair is worth.
ADOLESCENCE, id-6-l£>-s£nse,
ADOLESCF.NCY, id-A-l^st-.^n-si, 510.
age succeeding childhood, and succeeded by puberty.
To ADOPT, A-d6pt/ v. a. To take a son by choice
to make him a son who is not so by birth ; to place
any person or thing in a nearer relation to something
else.
ADOPTEDLY, i-d6p-t3d-I£, ado. After the man
ner of something adopted.
ADOPTER, i-dip-t&r, s. 98. He that gives s>omt
one by choice the rights of a son.
ADOPTION, i-dip-sh&n, s- 459. The act of adoi*
ting ; the state of being adopted
ADOPTIVE, i-d&p-tiv, adj. 157. One that adopt?,
or is adopted by another.
ADORABLE, i-do^ri bl, adj. 405. That which
ought to be adored ; 'worthy of divine honours.
ADORABLENESS, i-do-ri-bl-n£ss, *. The quality
of being adorable.
ADORABLY, i-do^ri-bld, adv. In a manner worthy
of adoration.
ADORATION, id-A-ra^shin, s. The external hom-
age paid to the Divinity ; homage paid to persons in
high place or esteem.
To ADORE, i-dAre,' v. a. To worship with exter-
nal homage.
ADORER, i dA^rfrr, s. 98. He that adores; a wor-
shipper.
To ADORN, i-dorn/ v. a. 167. To dress; to deck
the person with ornaments ; to set out any place or
thing with decorations.
ADORNMENT, i-d<Jrn£inent, *. Ornament, embel-
lishment.
AOOWN, i-d6fin,' adv. 323. Down, on the ground.
ADOWN, i-d6un,' prep. Down, towards the ground.
A DREAD. a-drC-.i,' adv. 234. in a state of fear.
ADRIFT, a-drlft,' adv. Floating at random.
ADROIT, i drol',' adj. 305. Active, skilful
ADROITNESS, i-drdlt'ndss, s. Dexteritj , readiness,
activity.
ADRY, i-dri,' adv. Athirst, thirsty.
ADSCITITIOUS, id-<£-ilsl:£us, adj. 314. That
which is taken in to complete something else.
ADSTRICTION, id-strlkishun, s. The act of binding
together.
To ADVANCE, id-vinse/ v. a. 78. To bring fo»-
ward, in the local sense; to raise to preferment ; tn
aggrandize ; to improve ; to fo: ward ; to accelerate ; to
propose; to offer to the public.
To ADVANCE, id-vinse,' ». n. To come forward ;
to make improvement
ADVANCE, id-vinsi',' s. 79. The act of coming for-
ward ; a tendency to come forward to meet a lover ;
progression ; rise from one point to another; improve-
ment ; progress towards perfection.
ADVANCEMENT, i(l-vinse-m£nt, 5. The act of
coming forward ; the state of being advanced; prefer-
ment; improvement.
ADVANCER, ad-van-s&r, *. 98. A promoter ; *
forwarder.
ADVANTAGE, id-variiiiclje, s. 9O. Superiority j
superiority gainea py stratagem ; gain, profit ; prepon-
dcration on one side of the comparison.
To ADVANTAGE, id-van-iadje, v. a. To benefit;
to promote, to bring fonvard.
ADVANTAGED, id-vinita-j3d, adj. 362. ros*«s.
sed of advantages.
ADVANTAGE GHOL-ND, id-vinitajc-gr3und, «,
ADV
11
ADU
' Wherein he did the king his lord admtitt."- Hia. VllL.
' M.v grief cries louder than ot/rrrtotmnri."— J/ncA Ado, \+
' Oh, then, how qutckl* should tlii> arm of mine,
1 Now pris'iier to the ]«ilsy, chaitiie thee."— Rich. II.
f And chastisement does therefore hide it> head." — J . Cas.
But since that time the verbs advertise and chastise liave
nor 167, n&t 163 — tiube 171, tfib 172, bull 173 — oil 299— pu&nd 313 — tk'tn 4(56 — THIS 4(59.
Ground that gives superiority, and opportunities of an- nunciation of the verb since the noun has been formed
noyance or resistance. advertise and chastise were, in Shakespeare's time, both
ADVANTAGEOUS, ad-van-ta-l&s, adj. Profitable, accented on the penultimate, and therefore advei tistmtnt
•ieful o > ortune J and chastisement were formed regularly from them.
ADVANTAGEOUSLY, ad-van-ta-jus-lt*, adv. Con-
veniently, opportunely, profitably.
ADVANTAGEOUSNESS, a<l-van-ta-j&s-n£ss, s. Pro-
fitableness, usefulness, convenience.
To ADVENE, ld*»Ane/ i>. n. To accede to some-
thing, to be superadded. fallen into an analogy more agreeable to verbs of the same
AnvBkintwv &rUv&.nil-£nt nrli Advenin* su fon"-for 'he verbs to promise, mractise,franthise,mort sf.
IENT, aa-\e-i _nt, aaj. Advening, su- and rftw^ijc, are the only words where the termination i^
peradded. has not the accent either primary or secondary ; and if ar.
ADVENT, ad-vent, s. The name of one of the holy alteration must be made to reconcile the pronunciation of
seasons, signifying the coming; that is, the coming
01 our Saviour, which is made the subject of our devo-
tion during the four weeks before Christmas.
ADVENTINE, ad-v^n-tin, adj. 140. Adventitious,
that which is extrinsically added
ADVENTITIOUS, ad- ve'n-tUh-fis, adj. That which
advene?, extrinsically added.
AOVENTIVE, ad-v&i-tlv, s. 157. The thing or per-
son that comes from without.
ADVENTUAL, ad-v£ni.tshu-al, adj 461. Relating
to the season of Advent.
ADVENTURE, ad-v&nitsbfire, $. 461. An accident,
a chance, a hazard ; an enterprise in which something
must be left to liazard.
To ADVENTURE, ad-ve'i&shtire, v. n. To try the
chance, to dare.
ADVENTURER, ad-v^nitshir-Jir, s. 98. He that
seeks occasions of hazard, he that puts himself in the
hands of chance.
ADVENTUROUS, &d-ve'ii£tsli6r-&s, 1 .
ADVENTURESOME, ad-v£n£tsbfir-s&m, a ^'
that is inclined to adventures, daring, courageous; full
of hazard, dangerous.
ADVENTURESOMENESS, ad-venitsb£ir-sfim-n&;s,
s. 46) . The quality of being adventuresome.
ADVENTUROUSLY, ad-v3o.-tsb£ir-&s-le, adv. Bold-
ly, daringly.
ADVERB, ad-vSrb, J. A word joined to a verb or
adjective, and solelv applied to the use of Qualifying
and restraining the latitude of their signification.
ADVERBIAL, ad-v£i-be-&l, adj. That which has
the quality or structure of an adverb.
ADVERBIALLY, ad-veV-tie al-Id, adv. In the man-
ner of an adverb.
Ain'ERSABLE, ad-v3i-sa-bl, adj. 405. Contrary
to.
ADVERSARY, ad-v£r-sa-r£, s. 512. An opponent,
antagonist, enemy.
ADVERSATIVE, ad-v£r-sa-tlv. adj. 512. A word
whicli makes some opposition or variety.
ADVERSE, adt
directions ; calamitous, afflictive, opposed to pnx-pe-
adj. Acting with contrary
ADVERSELY, ad-\erse-le, ado. Oppositely, unfor-
tunately.
ADVERSITY, ad-vei^-te, *. 51 1. Affliction, ca-
lamity; the cause of our sorrow; misfortune; the state
of unna
lappmess, misery.
To ADVERT, ad-vert/ v. n. To attend to, to regard,
to observe.
ADVERTENCE, ad-v5r£'.£nse, 7
ADVERTENCY, ad-veriten-se, $ *' Attentlon to-
regard to.
2'o ADVERTISE, ad-v3r-tize,' v- a. To inform an-
other, to give intelligence; to give notice of any thing
in public prints.
-^J2-^11' ),. Intel-
-ver-tize^ment, j
ligencc, information ; notice of any thing published in
a paper of intelligence.
Jt^" As nouns ending in ment always follow the accen-
tuation of the verbs from which they are formed, we fre-
quently hear advertisement taxed with the grossest irregu-
larity for having the accent on a different syllable from
advertise. I he origin of this irregularity seems to have
arisen from a change which has taken place in the pro-
thc simple with that of the compound, we should find it
much easier to change adver'liscriwnt and cfias'tisemenl in-
to advertise' ment and chastise" ment, than advertise" and
chastise" into ad vet "tise and chastise; but the irregulari-
ty seems too inveterate to admit of any alteration.
ADVERTISER, ad-ver-ti-z&r, 4. 98. Ho that give*
intelligence or information ; the paper in which adver-
tisements are published.
ADVERTISING, ad-v£r-tUzlng, adj. Active in giv-
ing intelligence, monitory.
To ADVESPEBATE, ad-v£.-'p£-rate, v n. 91. To
draw towards evening.
ADVICE, ad-vice/ s. 499. Counsel, instruction, no-
tice ; intelligence.
ADVICE- BOAT, ad-v5ce'bAte, s. A vessel employed
to bring intelligence.
ADVISABLE, ad-vUza bl, adj. 405. Prudent, fit
to be advised.
ADVISABLENESS, ad-vUza-bl-n^ss, s. The quality
of being advisable.
To ADVISE, id-vize,' v. a. 437. To counsel; to in-
form, to make acquainted.
To ADVISE, ad-vlze,' v. n. 499. To consult, as, he
advised with his companions ; to consider, to deliberate.
ADVISED, ad-viizld,;«zrf. adj. 362. Acting with
deliberation and design ; prudent, wise ; performed
with deliberation, acted with design.
ADVISEDLY, ad-vi-z£d-l£, adv. 364. Deliberately,
purposely, by design, prudently.
ADVISEDNESS, ad-vU/ld-ness, s. 365. Delibera
tion, cool and prudent procedure.
ADVISEMENT, ad-vlze-m£nt, s. Counsel, informa-
tion ; prudence, circumspection.
ADVISER, ad-viiz&r, s. 98. The person that ad-
vifes, a counsellor.
ADULATION, ad-jfi-la-shfin, s. 294. Flattery, high
compliment.
ADULATOR, ad-jfi-lait&r, s. 521. A flatterer.
ADULATORY, a<iij6-Ia-tfir-r£, adj. 512. Flatter-
ing.— See Domestic.
ADULT, a-d&ll,' adj. Grown up, past the age of in-
fancy.
ADULT, a-d&ll,' s- A person above the age of infan-
cy, or grown to some degree of strength.
ADULTNESS, a-dfilliness, s. The state of being a-
dult.
To ADULTER, a-d&lit&r, v. a. 98. 556. To com.
mil adultery with another.
ADULTERANT, a-dfilitir-ant, s. The person or
thing which adulterates.
To ADULTERATE, a-dfilitfir-ate, v. a. 91. To
commit adultery ; to corrupt by some foreign admix-
ture.
ADULTERATE, a-d&lit&r-a'e, adj. 91. Tainted
with the guilt of adultery ; corrupted with some foreign
admixture.
ADULTERATE*! ESS, a-d&litfir-ate-n^ss, $. 91. 99.
559 The quality or state of being adulterate.
ADULTERATION, a-dfil-tfir-aishftn, s. The act of
corrupting by foreign mixture; the state ot being con-
taminated.
ADULTERER, a-d6lit&r-6r, «. 98. The person
guilty of adultery.
ADULTERESS, a-d&l-tur-^ss, s. A woman that com
mils adultery.
AFE
12
AFF
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81— mi 93, mh 95— pine 105, pi" 107— no 162, mSve 164,
ADULTERINE, i-dfil-tfir-ine,*. 149. A child born
of an adulteress.
ADULTEROUS, & d&Ut&r-&s, adj. 314. Guilty of
adultery.
ADULTERY, a-d&litfir-^, «. 556. The act of vio-
lating the bed of a married person.
ADUMBRANT, ad-Qm-br4nt, adj. That which gives
a slight resemblance.
To ADUMBRATE, ad-6mibrate, ». a. 91. To sha.
dow out, to give a slight likeness, to exhibit a faint
resemblance.
ADHMBRATION, ad-im-brai.shfi.n, *. The act of
giving a slight and imperfect representation ; a faint
sketch.
ADUNATION, ad-6-naisho.n, t. The state of being
united, union.
ADUNCITY, a-d&n£s£-te:, *. 511. Crookedness,
hookedness.
ADUNQUE, a-d&nk,' adj. 415. Crooked.
ADVOCACY, ad£vA-ka-s£, s. 546. Vindication, de-
fence, apology.
ADVOCATE, adivi-kate, s. He that pleads the cause
of another in a court of judicature ; he that pleads any
cause, in whatever manner, as a controvertist or vindi-
cator.
ADVOCATION, ad-vA-kaish&n, s- The office of
pleading, plea, apology.
AovOLATION, ad-vo-laish&n, *. Theart of flying
to something.
AOVOLUTIOX, ad-vA-lrjish&n, s. The act of rolling
to something.
ADVOUTRY, ad-vi&itrd, s. 313. Adultery.
ADVOWEE, ud-rSu-^e,' s. He that has the right of
advowson.
AOVOWSON, ir1-vou-z5n, *. 17O. A right to pre-
•>ent to a benefice.
To AOURE, a-d6re/ u. n. To burn up.
ADUST, a-d&st/ adj. Buint up, scorched ; it U ge-
nerally now applied to the humours of the body.
AOUSTED, a-d&<>l££,], adj. Burnt, dried with fire.
ADUSTlBLE,a-d&sit£.bl, adj. 179. That which may
be adusted, or burnt up.
AOUSTION, a-d&stish&n, s. 464. The act of burning
up, or drying.
JEuiLE. See EDILE.
^EGYPTIACUM, A-jip-tUa-c&m, *. 460. An oint-
ment consisting of honey, verdigris, and vinegar.
./EOLIPILE, e'-ftM-plle, *. (From JEolus.) A
hollow ball made of metal, with a small tube or neck,
from which, after the ball has been partly filled with
water, and heated on the fire, a blast of air issues with
great violence. Ash.
AERIAL, 4 e^ri-al, adj. Belonging to the air, as
consisting of it ; inhabiting the air ; placed in the air ;
high, elevated in situation.
AERIE, ^-re1, s. A nest of hawks and other birds of
of prey.
AEROLOGY, a-ur-t>;i|o-j£, *. 556. The doctrine
of the air.
AEROMANCY, aiur-A-man-s^, s. 519. The art of
divining by the air.
AEROMETRY, a &r-imim£-tr£, s. 518. The art of
measuring the air.
AERONAUT, a'&r-o-nawt, t. One who sails through
the air.— Mason.
AEROSCOPY, a-ur-osi-ko-pe, *. 518. Theobserva-
tiou of the air.
./£THIOP'S MINERAL, &M£-&ps-rn]i]iiir-al. s. A
medic lie so called, from its dark colour, made of quick-
silver ai-.d sulphur ground together in a marble mortar.
^TITES, «i-il-iez, * Eagle-stone.
AFAR, i-f ar,' adv. At • great distance ; to a great
distance.
AFKARD, a-ferd,' part, adj Frightened, terrified,
afraid.
AlIR A-fir s. 98. The south-west wind.
AFFABILITY, af-fi-bll-li-te1, i. Easiness of man-
ners; courteousness, civility, condescension.
AFFABLE, aP-f a-bl, adj. 405. Easy of manner*,
courteous, complaisant.
AFFABI.ENESS, af-fa bl n£ss, s. Courtesy, affability
AFFABLY, af-fa-blt^, adv Courteously, civilly.
AFFAEROUS, afifa-br&s, adj. Skilfully made, com.
plete.
AFFAIR, af-fare' *. Business, something to be man-
aged or transacted.
To AFFEAR, af-fere/ ». n. 227. To confirm, to
establish.
AFFECT, if-f£kt,' s. Affection, passion, sensation.
To AFFECT, if-fe'kt,' ». a. To act iu'on» to pro-
duce effects in any other thine ; to move the passions;
to aim at, to aspire to ; to be fond of, to be pleased with,
to love ; to practise the appearance of any thing, with
some degree of hypocrisy ; to imitate in an unnatural
and constrained manner.
AFFECTATION, af-fe'k-ta-sh&n, s. The act of mak-
ing an artificial appearance, awkward imitation.
AFFECTED, af-f£k-t£d, part. adj. Moved, touched
with affection ; studied with over-much care ; in a per-
sonal sense, full of affectation, as, an affected lady.
AFFECTEDLY, af-f£k£t£d-l£, adv. In an affected
manner, hypocritically.
AFFECTEDNESS, af-f£kit£d-n&s, 5. The quality of
being affected.
AFFECTION, af-f£k.isbfin, s. The state of being af-
fected by any cause, or agent ; passion of any kind ;
love, kindness, good-will to some person.
AFFECTIONATE, af-f£k^h&n-ate, adj. Full of af-
fection, warm, zealous; fond, tender.
AFFECTIONATELY, af-f£k-sh&n-ate-!£, adv. 91.
Fondly, tenderly.
4FFECTIONATENESS, af-f£k-shin-ate-ness, *.
Fondness, tenderness, good-will.
AFFECTIONED, af-flkishfmd, adj. 359. Affected,
conceited; inclined, mentally disposed.
AFFECTIOUSLY, af-f§k-sli&s-l<i, adv. In an affect
ing manner.
AFFECTIVE, af-f£kiliv, adj. That which affects,
which strongly touches.
AFFECTCOSTTY, af-fekiuhi-Abisi-te, s. Passion-
ateness.
AFFECTUOUS, af-fek£tshfc-&s, adj. 464. Fuu of
passion.
To AFFERE, af-fe're,' «. a. A law term, signifying
to confirm.
AFFIANCE, af-f i-anse, s. A marriage contract ;
trust in general, confidence ; trust in the divine promises
and protection.
To AFFIANCE, af-f 1-anse, t>. a. To betroth, to bind
any one by promise to marriage; to give confidence.
AFFIANCER, af-fl-an-s&r, j. He that makes a con-
tract of marriage between two panics.
AFFIDATION, af-f^-da-sh&n,
AFFIDATURE, af-fe-da-tshire,
tract, mutual oath of fidelity.
AFFIDAVIT, af-f£-da-vlt, x. A declaration upon oath.
AFF1ED, af-fl^d, part. adj. 362. Joined by con-
tract, affianced.
AFFILIATION, af-fll-le a-sh&n, s. Adoption.
AFFINAGE, afW-naje, *. 9O. The act of refining
metals by the cupel.
AFFINED, af-fi-n£d, adj. 362. Related to another.
AFFINITY, af-flnin^-te, s. 511. Relation by mar-
riage; relation to, connexion with.
To AFFIIiM, af-f^rm,' «. n. 108. To declare, to at-
sert confidently ; opposed to tlje word deny.
AFFIRM, af-ferm,' «. a. To ratify or approve a for-
mer law, or judgment.
AFFIRMABLE, aY-f£r-mA-bl, adj. That which may
be affirmed.
AFFIRMANCE, af-fdr-mlnse, «. Confirmation, op.
posed to repeal.
Mutual can-
AFF
13
AGA
n3r 167, r&t 163 — tibc 171, tfib 172, b&ll 173 — oil 299 — pfl&nd 313— tfi'tn 466— THIS 469.
AFFIRMANT, af-f4r-mant, $. The person that af-
firms.
AFFIRMATION, af-f3r-ma-shfin, s. The act of af-
firm inp or declaring, opposed to negation ; the position
affirmed ; confirmation, exposed to repeal.
AFFIRMATIVE, af-f£r-ma-tiv, adj. 158. That
which affirms, opposed to negative; that which cau or
may be affirmed.
AFFIRMATIVELY, af-f£r£ma-tlv-l£, adv. on the
positive side, not negatively.
AFFIRMER, af-f£i-inur, s. 98. The person that
affirms.
To AFFIX, af-f Ik>.,' v. a. To unite to the end, to
subjoin.
AFFIX, af-flks, *. 492. A particle united to the
end of a word.
AFFIXtON, at'-f ik-v.lmn, s. The act of affixing; the
state of being affixed.
AFFLATION, af-fla-shun, s. The act of breathing
upon any thing.
AFFLATUS, at'-fla-t&s, s. Communication of the
power of prophecy.
To AFFLICT, af-fl!kt,' v- a. To put to pain, to grieve,
to torment.
AFFLICTEDNESS, af-fllkiii£d-ii&is, s. Sorrowful-
i.es;, grief.
AFFUCTER, af-fllk-lir, s. 98 The person that af-
flicts.
AFFLICTION, af-fllk'sh&n, s. The cause of pain or
sorrow, calamity ; the state of sorrowfulness, misery.
AFFLICTIVE, at'-flik-tlv, adj. 158. Painful, tor-
menting.
AFFLUENCE, af-tlfi-ense, 7
i n u • a if*- The act of flowing
AFFLUENCY, al-Hu-en-se, 3
to any place, concourse; exuberance of riches, plenty.
AFFLUENT, af-flh-£nt, adj. Flowing to any part ;
abundant, exuberant, wealthy.
AFFLUENTNESS, at-fl&-&nt-n3ss, s. The quality
of being affluent.
AFFLUX, af-flaks, s. The act of flowing to some
place, affluence ; that which flows to any place.
AFFLUXION, af'-fl&k-sli&n, s. The act of flowing
to a particular place ; that which flows from one place
to another.
To AFFORD, af-fArd,' v. a. To yield, or produce ;
to grant, or confer any thing ; to be able to sell ; to be
able to bear expenses.
To AFFOREST, IF-f&rtrfist, v. a. 109. 168. To
turn ground into fores'.
To AFFRANCHISE, af-fran-tshiz, v. a. 140. To
make free.
7o AFFRAY, af-fra,' v. a. To fright, to terrify.
AFFRAY, af-fni,' s. A tumultuous assault of one or
more persons upon others.
AFFRICTION, af-f'ilkislifrn, s. The act of rubbing
one thing u)K)n another.
To AFFRIGHT, af-fiiie,' v. a. To affect with fear,
to terrify.
AFFRIGHT, af-friie,' s. 393. Terror, fear.
AFFIUGHTFCL, af-l'iitt-ful, adj. Full of affright
or terror, terrible.
AFFRJGHTMENT, af-frlte-m£nt, 5. The impression
of fear, terror; the stale of Tearfulness.
To AFFRONT, af-fr&ni,' v. a. 165. To meet face
to f;i?e, to encounter ; to provoke by an open insult, to
offend avowedly.
AFFRONT, af-i'i&nt,' *. Insult offered to the face;
outrage, act of contempt.
AFFRONTER, af-tVfin-i&r, s. 98. The person that
affronts.
AFFRONTING, fif-fruu-dng, part. adj. That which
has the quality of nfl'miiling.
To AFPUSK, af-ftoze/ v. a To pour one tiling upon
another.
AFFUSION, Af-ffj-zlifin, *. The act of affusing.
To AFFY, af-fl,' v. a. To betroth in order to mar-
To AFFY, af-fl,' v. n. To put confidence in, to put
trust in.
AFIELD, a-fe4ld,' adv. 275. To the field.
AFLAT, it-flat,' adv. Level with the ground.
AFLOAT, a-fiote,' adv. 295. Floating.
AFOOT, a-f&i,' ado. 307. On foot, not on horse-
back ; in action, as, a design is afoot.
AFORE, a-f6re,' prep. Before, nearer in place to any
thing; sooner in time.
AFORE, a-fore/ adv. In time forgone or past; first
in the way ; in front, in the fore part.
AFOREGOING, a-fort-go-Ing, part. adj. Going be-
fore.
ArOREHAND, a-fire-Iiind, adv. By a previous pro-
vision ; pro> ided, prepared ; previously fitted.
AFOREMENTIONED, a-foreim£n-slmnd, adj. 362.
Mentioned before.
AFORENAMED, a-foreina-rn^d, adj. 362. Named
before.
AFORESAID, a-fore^sade, adj. Said before.
AFORETIME, a-fort-tlme, adv. In time past.
AFRAID, i-triidefpart, adj. Struck with fear, ter-
rified, fearful.
AFRESH, a-fi^sh/ adv. Anew, again.
A FRONT, a-fiunt/ atlv. 165. In front, in direct
opposition.
AFT, aft,' adv. Abaft; astern. A sea term : "fore
and aft."
AFTER, if-tur, prep. 98. Following in place; in
pursuit of ; behind; p;sterior in time; according to;
in imitation of.
AFTER, af-t&r, adv. In succeeding time; following
another.
AFTERAGES, af^t&r-a-j£z, s. Succeeding times, po*.
terity.
AFTERALL, atf-tfir-all,' adv. At last, in fine, in con-
clusion.
AFTERBIRTH, afit&r-b£i7/j, s. The ?ecundine.
AFTERCLAP; ai^tur-klap, *. Unexpected event hap-
pening after an affair is supposed to be at an end.
AFTERCOST, atf-t&r-kist, s. The expense incurred
after the original plan is executed.
AFTERCROP, af-l&r-kr&p, s. Second harvest.
AFTERGAME, af-t&r-gaine, 7. Methods taken after
the first turn of affairs.
AFTERHOURS, af-tur-ours, • The hours that suc-
ceed.
AFTERMATH, afifur-ma/A, > Second crop of grasi
mown in Autumn.
AFTERNOON, af-lfir-noonj s. The time from the
meridian to the evening.
AFTERPAINS, af-iur-panz, v Pains after birth.
AFTERPART, af-l&r-part, s The latter part. •
AFTERPIECE, af^tfir-peese, s. A farce, or any
smaller entertainment after this play.
AFTERTASTE, af-t&r-ta-,tr, s. Taste remaining
upon the tongue after the draught.
AFTERTHOUGHT, af-iur-^awt, s. Reflections after
the art, expedients formed too late.
AFTERTIMES, af-s&r-timz, s. Succeeding times.
AFTERWARD, af^tar-ward, adv. 88. In succeed-
ing time.
AFTERWIT, afii&r-wlt, *. Contrivance of expedi-
ents after the occasion of using them is past.
AGAIN, a-gOn/ adv. 206. A second time, once more;
bayk, in restitution ; besides, in any other time or place
twice as much, marking the same "quantity once repeat-
ed ; again and again, with frequent repetition.
Jtj" We find this word written according to ihe general
pronunciation in the Duke of Buckingham's verses ta
Mr. Popet
I AGAINST, a-g<?nst,' ;>rg>. 206. Contrary, opprwite,
' iu general • with contrary motion or tendency, ujed of
AGO
H
AGR
559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fit 81— m<* 93, mil 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 1 62, mire 164,
material action; opposite to, in place; in expecta-
tion of.
AGAPE, a-gape,' adv. 75. Staring w-ti eagerness.
— See Gape.
AGAKICK, i^ii-iik, s. A drug of use in physic, and
the Hying trade.
AC AST, A-^Ast/ adj. Amazed.
AGATE, a^iit, s. 91. A precious stone of the low.
cst class.
AGATT, agii-td, adj. Partaking of the nature of
agate.
To AGAZE, a-gaze,' v. a. To strike with amaze-
ment.
AGE, aje, s. Any period of time attributed to some-
thing, as the whole, or part of its duration ; a succes-
sion or generation of men ; the rime in which any par-
ticular man, or race of men, lived, as, the age of heroes ;
the space of a hundred years ; the latter part of life,
old age. In law, a man of twenty-one years is of the
full age, and a woman at the same age is able to alie-
nate her lands.
AGED, aij£d, adj. 363. Old, stricken in years.
AGEDLY, afj£d-l£, adv. After the manner of an a-
ged jx;rson.
AGEN, a-g£n,' adr. 206. Again, in return.
AGENCY, a£j£n-s£, *. The quality of acting, the
state of being in action ; business performed by an a-
genU
AGENT, aijJnt, adj. Acting upon, active.
AGENT, aij£nt, j. A substitute, a deputy, a factor ;
that which has the power of operating.
AGGENEKATION, Sd-jftn-oir-iWAa, * The state
of growing to another body.
To Ac.GERATE, id-j&r-ate, v. a. To heap up — See
Ejaggerate.
To AGGLOMERATE, ag-gl&mim&r-ate, ». a. To
gather up in a ball, as thread.
AGGLUTINANTS, ag-gl6-t^-nants, s. Those medi-
cine* which have the power of uniting parts together.
To AGGLUTINATE, ag-glh-t&-nate, v. n. To u-
nite one part to another.
AGGLUTINATION, ag-glWt£-na£sb&n, *. Union,
cohesion.
AGGLUTINATIVE, ag-glhi:i-na-tlv, adj. 512.
That which ha* the power of procuring agglutination.
To AGGRANDIZE, agi-gran-dize, t>. a, 159. To
make great, to enlarge, to exalt.
AGGRANDIZEMENT, agigian-dlze-mSnt, 5. The
state of being aggrandized. — See Academy.
AGGRANDIZER, ag-gran-dlze-fir, s. The person
that makes another great.
To AGGRAVATE, agigra-vate, v. a. 91. To make
heavy, in a metaphorical sense, as, to aggravate an ac-
cusation ; to make any thing worse.
AGGRAVATION, ag-gra-va^shfin, s. The act of ag-
gravating ; the circumstances which heighten guilt or
calamity.
AGGREGATE, ag-gr£-gate, adj. 91. Framed by
the collection of particular parts i'nto one mass.
AGGREGATE, ag-gr£-gate, $. The result of the
conjunction of many particulars.
To AGGREGATE, agi-grtj-gate, v. a. To collect to-
gether, to heap many particulars into one mass.
AGGREGATION, a<?-gr£-ga'sh&n, ». Theact of col-
lecting many particulars into one whole; the whole
cnmpowd bv the collection of many particulars ; state
of being collcciej.
To AGGRESS, ag-gr^s,' v. n. To commit the first
act of violence.
AGGRESSION, ag-grfclii&n, j. Commencement of
a quarrel by some act i f iniquity.
AGGRESSOR, ag-<rr£s-s{ir, s, 418. The assaulter
or invader, opi>osej to the defendant.
AGGRIKVAXCE, ag-gr&viose, *. Injury, wrong.
T-J AGGRIEVE, a^-grive,' t,. n 275. To give sor-
row, to vex : to im|x>>e, to hurt in one's right.
To AGGROIT, ug-groOj.,' r. a. To bring together
iuto opt fi^uro.
AGHAST, a- gas',' adj. Struck with horror, as at the
sight of a spectre.
AGILE, aj-il, adj. 140. Nimble, ready, active.
AGILENESS, aj-ll-n&ss,
GILITY
activity
».
, 511
7
f
-5
*• Nimblcness, quickness
.
To AGIST, a-jlst/ v. a. To take in and feed the cat-
tle of strangers in the king's forest, and to gather tha
money.
AGISTMENT, a-j1sl-m£nt, 3. Composition, or mean
rate.
AGITABLE, aji^-ta-bl, adj. Thar which may be
put in motion.
To AGITATE, a')^-late, v. a. 91. To put in mo-
tion ; to actuate, to move ; to affect with perturbation ;
to bandy, to discuss, to controvert.
AGITATION, aj-£-ta^l)&n, 5. The act of moving
anything; the state of being moved ; discussion, con-
troversial examination; perturbation, distuibance of
the thoughts ; deliberation, the state of being consulted
upon.
AGITATOR, aj^-ta t&r, s. 521. He who manages
affairs.
AGLET, Ig'l^t, *. A tag of a point carved into some
representation of an animal ; the pendants at the ends
of the chives of flowers.
AcMINAL, ag^mi-nll, adj. Belonging to a troop.
AGNAIL, ag-nale, *. A whitlow.
AGNATION, ag-na-sh&n, 5. Descent from the same
father, in a direct male line.
AONITION, ag-i,Isl,-&n, *. Acknowledgment
To AGNIZE, ag-nlze/ t>. a. To acknowledge; to
own.
AGNOMINATION, ag-n&m-rn^-na-shun, s. Allu-
sion of one word to another.
AGNUS CASTOS, ag-n&s-ei-A&s, *. The chaste
tree.
AGO, a-ffA,' ndv. Past, as, long ago ; that is, long tima
has passed since.
AGOG, a-g&g/ adv. In a state of desire.
AGOING, a-piilng, jxirt. adj. 410. In action.
AcONE, a-g5n/ adv. Ago, past
AGONISM, ag^A-nlzm, s. 548. Contention for a
prize.
AcONISTES, ag-i-nlsit^z, «. A prize-fighter, on*
that contends at a public solemnity for a prize.
To AGONIZE, ag^A-nize, v. n. To be in excessive
pain.
AGONY, agi&-n£, s. 548. The pangs of death ; any
violent pain of body or mind.
AcOOD, a-gfitl,' adv. In earnest
To AGRACE, a-grace/ v. a. To grant favours to.
AGRARIAN, a-gra-rd-au, adj. Relating to fields or
grounds.
To AOREASE, a-gr^ze/ v. a. To daub, to grease,
To AGREE, l-grW/ v. n. To be in concord; to
yield to ; to settle terms by stipulation ; to settle a price
between buyer and seller ; to be of the same mind or
opinion ; to suit with.
AGREEABLE, a-grieia-bl, adj. Suitable to, consist-
ent with ; pleasing.
AGREEABLENESS, a-gr£«*-a-bl-ness. s. Consisten-
cy with, suitableness to ; the quality of pleasing.
AGREEABLY, a-gre^a-bl£, adv. Consistently with,
in a manner suitable to.
AGREED, a-gr^dd,' part. adj. Settlpd by consent.
AoREEINGNESS, a-gree^Ing-nCss, s. Consistence,
suitableness.
AGREEMENT, a-gr^ei-m^nt, s. Concord ; resem-
blnnce of one thing to another; compact, bargain.
AGRESTIC, a-gr£»illk, adj. (From the Latin agres-
tis.) Belonging to the field, rude, unpolished.
AGRICULTURAL, ag-ni-cu!-uhi-ra!,nrf;'. Relating
to agriculture.
AGRICULTURE ag-r£-cil -tsbiire, j. 462,
husbandry.
AIR
15
ALC
n3r 167, nit 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — dll 299 — pflund 313 — t/t\n 4CO — THIS 469.
AGRICULTURIST, ag-r£-cfllitshu-rlst, s. One skill-
ed in the art of cultivating the ground ; one who stu-
dies agriculture in any of its branches.
AGRIMONY, ag-ie-mun-n£, s. 557. The name of
a plant.
AGROUND, a-grSind/ adv. 313. Stranded, hinder-
ed by the ground from passing farther ; hindered in the
progress of affairs.
AGUE, a-gue, s. 335. An intermitting fever, with
cold fits succeeded by hot.
AGUED, a-gfc-Sd, adj. 362. 359. Struck with the
ague, shivering.
AGUE-FIT, a-gue-f It, .?. The paroxysm of the ague.
AGUE TREK, aighe-trde, s. Sassafras.
AGUISH, a-gi-lsh, adj. Having the qualities of an
ague.
AGUISHNESS, a-gu-lsl»-n£ss, s. The quality of re-
sembling an ague.
AH, a, interj. A word noting sometimes dislike and
censure; most frequently, compassion and complaint.
AHA ! AHA ! i-ha/ interj,
triumph and contempt.
A word intimating
AHEAD, a-h&d/ adv. Further onward than another.
A HEIGHT, a-bite,' adv. Aloft, on high.
To AID, aJe, v. a. 202. To help, to support, to
succour.
AlD, ade, s Help, support ; in law, a subsidy.
AlDANCE, ade-anse, ». Help, support
AlDANT, ade^ant, adj. Helping, helpful
AlD-DE-CAMP, ade-d^-kawng,' *. An officer who
attends the general that has the chief command of the
army, to carry his orders to the inferior officers.
J£J" 1 h's word, like most other military terms from the
French, is universally adopted, but the polite pronuncia-
tion of the nasal vowel in the last syllabic is not to be at-
tained by a mere Englishman. — See Encore.
AIDER, adei&r, s. A helper, an ally.
AIDLESS, ade-l&ss, adj. Helpless, unsupported.
AlGRE, a-gur, s. The impetuous flowing of the
sea.
To AlL, ale, v. a. To pain, to trouble, to give pain ;
to affect hi any manner.
AlL, ale, s. 202. A disease.
AILMENT, ale-m3nt, s. Pain, disease.
AILING, ale^ing, part. adj. Sickly.
To AlM, ame, v. a. 202. To endeavour to strike with
a missile weapon ; to point the view, or direct the steps
towards any tiling ; to endeavour to reach or obtain ; to
(MM
AIM, ame, s.
The direction of a missile weapon ;
the point to which the thing thrown is directed ; an in-
tention, a design ; the object of a design ; conjecture,
guess.
AlR, are, s. 202. The element encompassing the
earth; a gentle gale; music, whether lighter serious;
the mien, or manner, of the person ; an affected or la-
boured manner of gesture; appearance.
To AlH, are, v. a. To expose to the air ; to take the
air ; to warm by the fire.
AlRBLADDER, areiljlad-dur, s. A bladder filled
with air.
AlRBUlLT, art'-bllf, adj. Built in the air.
AlR-DRAWN, ai-eidrawn, adj- Painted in air.
AlRER, are-ur, s. 98. He that exposes to the air.
AlRGUN, areigun, s. A gun charged with air in-
stead of powder.
AIRHOLE, are-hole, s. A hole to admit air.
AIRINESS, are-d-nfiss, s. Exposure to the air ; light-
ness,, gayety, levity.
AlRING, are-ing, s. 41 0. A short jaunt.
AIRLESS, are-l4ss, adj. Without communication
with the free air.
AlRLING, are-ling, s. 410. A >oung gay person.
AiRPUMP, are-pfimp, j. A machine by mean* of
which the air is exlwuotcJ out of proper vessels.
AlRSHAFT, are-shaft, s. A passage for the air Into
mines.
AlRY, arei^, adj. Composed of air; relating to th«
air; high in air; light as air, unsubstantial; without
reality, vain, trifling ; gay, sprightly, full of mirth,
lively, light of heart.
AlSLE, lie, 5. 207. The walk in a church.
AlT, ate, $. 202. A small island in a river.
To AKE, ake, v. n. 335. To feel a lasting pain.
AKIN, a-kin,' adj. Related to, allied to by blood.
ALABASTER, al^A-bas-ior, «. 98. A kind of soft
marble, easier to cut, and less durable, than the other
kinds.
ALABASTER, alia-bas-tur, adj. 413. Made of ala-
baster.
ALACK, a-lak/ interj. Alas, an expression of sor-
row.
ALACKADAY, 2,-lak-a-da/ iiiterj. A word noting
sorrow and melancholy.
ALACRIOUSLY, a-lak-r£-&s-l£, adv. Cheerfully,
without dejection.
ALACRITY, a-lakMcre-t£, s. 511. Cheerfulness,
sprightliness, gayety.
ALAMODE, al-a-m6de,/ adv. According to the fa-
shion.
ALAND, a-land,' adi\ At land, landed.
ALARM, a-larm/ s. A cry by which men are sum-
moned to their arms ; notice of any danger approach-
ing ; a species of clock ; any tumult or disturbance.
To ALARM, a-larm,' v. a. To call to arms ; to sur-
prise with the apprehension of any danger ; to disturb.
ALARMBELL, a-larm£b£ll, s. Thebeii that is rung
to give the alarm.
ALARMING, a-lai-mlng, part. adj. Terrifying,
awakening, surprising.
ALARMPOST, a-larm£post, s. The post appointed
to each body of men to appear at.
ALAS, a-lass/ interj. A word expressing lameuta.
tion ; a word of pity.
ALATE, a-late,' adv. Lately.
ALB, alb, s. A surplice.
ALBEIT, al-b£-it, adv. 84. Although, notwith-
standing.
ALBUGINEOUS, al-bu-jlu^-fis, adj. Resembling an
albugo.
ALBUGO, a! bfr-gA, s. 84. A disease in the eye,
by which the cornea contracts a whiteness.
ALBUM, al^bitn, $. (Lat.) A white paper book in
which to insert autographs, &c.
ALCAHEST, at^ka-hSst, s. 84. An universal dis-
solvent.
ALCAID, al-cade,' s. 84. The government of a cat-
tle ; in Spain, the judge of a city.
ALCANNA, al-kan-na, s. 84. An Egyptian plant
used in dying.
ALCHYMICAL, al-klmime-kal, adj. Relating to
alchymy.
ALCHYMICALLY, al-kim-mi -kal-le, adv. In the
manner of an alchymist.
ALCHYMIST, al-k^-mist, s. 84. One who pursue*
or professes the science of alchymy.
ALCHYMY, al-k(^-n)e, s. 84. The more sublime chy.
mistry, which proposes the transmutation ot metals;
a Kind of mixed metal used for spoons.
ALCOHOL, al-k<i-h6l, s. 84. A high rectified spi-
rit of wine.
ALCOHOLIZATION, al-k6-h5W-za£sh&n, s. The
act of alcoholizing or leetifying spirits.
To ALCOHOLIZE, aUko-iio ll/e, v. a. To rectify
spirits till thev are wholly dqihlegmated.
ALCORAN, al-k(S-ian, s. 84. The bock of the Ma-
hometan precepts, and credunda; now more properly
called the Koran.
ALCOVE, al-k6ve,' s. A recess, or part of a chamber
separated by ail estiade, in which is placed a bed ot
ALT
16
ALL
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall S3, fit 81 — m£ 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, mSve 164,
ALDER, a'Wir, *. 84. A tree having leaves resem-
bling those of the hazel.
A I.OKRMAN, aiidilr-man, *. The same as senator, a
governor or magistrate.
ALDERMANLY, al-dfir-man-ld, adv. Like an al-
derman.
Al.DERN, al-d&rn, adj. 84. 555. Made of alder.
Al.E, ale, t. A liquor made by infusing malt in hot
water, and then fermenting the liquor.
ALEBERRY, ale-b£r-r£, s. A beverage made by
boiling ale with spice and sugar, and sops of bread.
ALEBREWER, ale-brOo-&r, t. One that professes to
brew ale.
ALECONNER, a!eik6n-n&r, s. An officer in the ci-
ty of London to inspect the measures of public houses.
ALECOST, ale-k&st, s. An herb.
ALECTRYOMANCY, a-l£c-tr^-A-man-s£, s. 519.
Divination by a cock.
ALEGAR, a!-le-»fir, s. 98. 418. Sour ale.
Al.EHOOF, aleihAof, *. Ground ivy.
ALEHOUSE, alei-bAuse, s. A tippling-houso.
ALEHOUSEKEEPER, ale-hSuse-k£-p&r, 5. He that
ketps ale publicly to selL
Al.EKNIGHT, ale-nlte, s. A pot companion, a tip-
pler. Obsolete.
ALEMBICK, a-l£m-b!k, s. A vessel used in distil-
ling.
ALENGTH, a-l£ngf/i,' adv. At full length.
ALERT, a-l£rt,' adj. Watchful, vigilant j brisk, pert,
petulant.
ALERTNESS, a-l£rtin£ss, *. The quality of being a-
lert, pertness.
A LEW ASHED, ale-w&sht, adj. 359. Soaked in ale.
ALEWIFE, ale-wife, *. A woman that keeps an ale-
house.
ALEXANDERS, alil£gz-an£d&rz, *. The name of a
plant.
ALEXANDER'S FOOT, alil^gz-anid&rz-fiit, s. 478.
The name of an herb.
ALEXANDRINE, al-l£gz-an-drln, s. 150. A kind
of verse borrowed from the French, first used in a poem
called Alexander. This verse consists of twelve syl-
ables.
Al.EXiPHARMiCK, a-l£k-s£-far£mlk, adj. That
which drives away poison, antidotal.
ALEXITERICAL, a-l6k-s4-t£r-id-kal, 509.
ALF.XITERICK, a-!6k-s^-t£rir1k,
That which drives a'way poison.
Al-GAT^ES, al-gates, adv. On any terms; although.
Obsolete.
ALGEBRA, al-je:-bra, s. 84. A peculiar kind of
arithmetic.
ALGEBRAICAL, a]-j£-bra£4-kal, ? ,.
ALGEJiRAicK, al-ji-brWk, 5ad> Re^ing»°
algebra.
ALGEBRAIST, al-j£-brailst, s. A person that under-
stands or practises the science of algebra.
ALGID, al'jld, adj. 84. Cold, chill
ALGIDITY, a!-jid-d£-t£, s. 511. Chilness, cold.
A I.GI K1C, al-jlf-f Ik, adj. 509. That which produces
cold.
Al.GOR, a!ig5r, s. 418. Extreme cold, chilness.
T-v" The o in the last syllable of this word escapes being
pronounced like u from its being Latin, and seldom used.
ALGORISM, al-gA-rlzm, 557. )
ALGORITHM, a!igA-r]//,m, / *• Arabic words
used to im)>ly the science of numbers.
ALIAS, ai!^ as, adv. A Latin word, signifying o-
ther%vi#e.
ALIBI, alMl-bl, ». (Lat.) Elsewhere.
ALIBLE, al^e-bl, adj. 401. Nutritive, nourishing.
ALIEN, alei\5n, adj. 505. Foreign, or not of the
«ame family or land ; estranged from, not allied to.
AlUtN, ale^vSa, *. 113. 283. A foreigner, not A
pr
he
denison, a stranger ; in law, an alien is one bom in a
strange country, and never enfranchised.
ALIENABLE, ale^ySn-a-bl, adj., That of which the
property may be transferred.
To ALIENATE, alf-y£n-ate, v. a. To transfer the
roperty of any thing to another , to withdraw the
eart or affections.
There is a strong propensity in undisciplined spea-
kers to pronounce this word with 'the accent on e in the
penultimate ; but this cannot be too carefully avoided,
as all the compounds of alien have invariably the accent
on the first syllable. But whether the a in this syllable
be long or sh'ort, is a dispute among our best orthoepistst
Mr. Perry, Mr. Buchanan, W. Johnston, Dr. Kenrick,
and Mr. Elphinstone, join it with the consonant, and make
it short; but Mr. Sheridan separates it from the /, and
makes it long and slender: and though Mr. Elphinstone's
opinion has great weight with me, yet 1 here join with
Mr. Sheridan against them all ; not only because I judge
his pronunciation of this word the most agreeable to the
best usage, but because it is agreeable to an evident rule
which lengthens every vowel with the accent on it, except
{when followed by a single consonant and a diphthong.
See Principles, No. 505, 534.
" O ! alienate from HeaT*n, O spii-t-acciiTst !"
tliUm'i Par. Lett, b. r. 877.
ALIENATE, aleiy^n-ate, adj. Withdrawn from,
stranger to.
ALIENATION, ale-y^n-a-shfin, s. The act of trans-
ferring property ; the state of being alienated ; change
of affection.
To ALIGHT, a-llte/ v. a. To come down ; to fal
upon.
ALIKE, a-Uke/ adv. With resemblance, in the same
manner.
ALIMENT, a!£-l£-m£nt, s. Nourishment, nutriment,
food.
AUMENTAL, al-ld-m§n£ial, adj. That which has
the quality of aliment, that which nourishes.
ALLMENTARINESS, al-l£-m£n-ta-ri-n&>s, s. The
quality of being alimentary.
ALIMENTARY, al-l£-m£n£ta-r£, adj. That whidt
belongs to aliment, or has the power of nourishing.
ALIMENTATION, al-le-m£u-ta£shun, s. The qua.
lity of nourishing.
ALIMONIOUS, al-le-tnoin£-frs, adj. That which
nourishes.
ALIMONY, al-l£-mfrn-n!, s. 556. Legal propor-
tion of the husband's estate, which, by the sentence of
the ecclesiastical court, is allowed to the wife, upon the
account of separation — See Domestic.
ALIQUANT, ali-ld-qwant, adj. Parts of a number,
which will never make up the number exactly; as, 3
is an aliquant of 10, thrice three being 9, four times 3
making 12.
ALIQUOT, al-l£-qw5t, adj. Aliquot parts of any
number or quantity, such as will exaetly measure it
without any remainder : as, 5 is an aliquot part of 12.
AI.ISH, ale-Isb, adj. Resembling ale.
ALIVE, a-live,' adj. In the state of life ; not dead ;
unextinguished, undestroved, active ; cheerful, spright-
ly : if is used to add emphasis; as, the best man alive.
ALKAHEST, al-ka-h£st, S. 84. An universal dU-
solvent, a liquor.
ALKALESCENT, al-ka-l£^s£nt, adj. That which
has a tendency to the properties of an alkali.
ALKALI, al-ka-l£, s. 84. Any substance, which,
when mingled with acid, produces fermentation.
ALKALINE, al'ka-lin, adj. 150. That which ha»
the qualities of alkali.
To ALKALIZATE, a!-kaWd-zate, v. a. To make
alkaline.
ALKALIZATE, al-kal-l^-zate, adj. That which has
the qualities of alkali.
ALKAI.IZATION, ai-ka-l^-za-sh&n, s. The act of
alkalizating.
ALKANET, a!-ka-n£t, *. The name of a plant
ALKEKENGI, al-k£-k£u-j4, s. The winter cherry,
a genus of plants.
ALKF.RMES, al-k£rimdz, $. A confection whereof
the ktrmee berriot are tli< batu.
ALL
17
ALL
nor 167, n6t 163— tiibe 171, tib 172, bill 173—311 299— pofind 313— i/an 466— THIS 469.
ALL, all, adj. 77. The whole number, every one ; ALLEVIATION, a!-l<*-vi* aisliun, ». The act of mak.
the whole quantity, every part.
ALL, ill, s. The whole j every thing.
ALL, all, adv. Quite, completely j altogether, whol-
ly.
ALL-BEARING, all-baMng, adj. Omniparous.
ALL-CHEERING, all-tslx^-rlng, adj. That which
gives gaycty to all.
ALL-CONQUERING, ill-k&nk-k&r-lng, adj. 334.
Subduing every thing.
ALL-DEVOURING, all-dd-vourilng, adj. Eating
up every thing.
ALL-FOURS, all-f6rz/ s. A low game at cards,
played by two.
ALL-HAIL, all-hale? s. All health
ALL-HALLOWN, all-lialilfrn, $. The time about All-
saints day.
ALL-HALLOWTIDE, all-halilo-tlde, s. The term
near All-saints, or the first of November.
ALL-HEAL, all-h^le, s. A species of iron-wort.
ALL-JUDGING, all-j&d-jlng, adj. That which has
the sovereign right of judgment.
ALL-KNOWING, all-noting, adj. Omniscient, all-
wise.
ALL-SEEING, all-s^-lng, adj. That beholds every
th ing.
ALL SOULS DAY, all-solz-da/ s. The day on
which supplications are made for all souls by the church
of Home, the second of November.
ALL-SUFFICIENT, all-sfrf-fislAInt, adj. Sufficient
to any thing.
ALL-WISE, all-wize/ adj. Possest of infinite wis-
dom.
To ALLAY, al-la,' v. a. To mix one metal with ano-
ther, to make it fitter for coinage ; to join any thing to
another, so as to abate Its qualities ; to quiet, to pacify,
to repress.
ALLAY, al-la/ S. 329. The metal of a baser kind
mixed in coins, to harden them, that they may wear less ;
any thing which, being added, abates the predominan
qualities of that with which it is mingled.
ALLAYER, al-la-frr, s. The person or thing which
has the power or quality of allaying.
ALLAYMENT, al-la-m£nt, s. That which has the
power of allaying,
ALLEGATION, al-l£-ga-shin,
Affirmation, de
claration ; the thing alleged or affirmed ; an excuse, a
pica.
To ALLEGE, al-l£dje/ v. a. To affirm, to declare
to maintain ; to plead as an excuse or argument.
ALLEGEABLE, al-ledje-a-bl, adj. That may be al
leged.
ALLEGEMENT, al-l£dje-m£nt, «. The same with
allegation.
ALLEGER, al-l£dje£ur, s. He that alleges.
ALLEGIANCE, al-l^-janse, s. The duty of subject
to the government.
ALLEGIANT, al-lt^-jant, adj. Loyal, conformabl
to the duty of allegiance,
ALLEGORICK, al-lt*-g&i-rik, adj. Not real, not li
teral.
ALLEGORICAL, al-l£-g&r£r£-kal, adj. In the form
of an allegory, not literal.
ALLEGORICALLY, al-le-g&rir£-kal-Iti, adv. Afte
an allegorical manner.
To ALLEGORIZE, al-l£-g6-rize, v. a. To turn int
allegory, to form an allegory.
ALLEGORY, al-li-g&r-r^, s. 557. A figurative dis
course, iu which something is intended that is not con
tained in the words literally taken.
ALLEGRO, al-lt^gi6, s. A word denoting in musi
a sprightly motion. It originally means gay, as in M'
ton.
ALLELUJAH, al-le-lWya, *. A word of spiritual ex
uitation ; Praise God.
To ALLEVIATE, al-leivi-ite, v. a. 91. To mak
light, to ea*e to soften.
ing light ; that by which any pain is eased, or fault ex-
tenuated.
ALLEY, al-ld, s. 270. A walk in a garden ; a pas-
sage in towns, narrower than a street.
ALLIANCE, al-li-anse, s. The state of connexion
with another by confederacy, a league ; relation by mar-
riage ; relation by any form of kindred ; the persons al-
lied to each other.
ALLICIENCY, al-lish£y3n-se, s. 113. The power of
attracting.
To ALLIGATE, al-l^-gate, v. a. 91. To tie ona
thing to another.
ALLIGATION, a!-ld-ga-sh&n, s. The act of tying
together; the arithmetical rule that teaches to adjust
the price of compounds, formed of several ingredients
of different value.
ALLIGATOR, al-l^-ga-t&r, s. 521. The crocodile.
This name is chiefly used for the crocodile of America,
ALLISION, al-l5zh-&n, s. The act of striking one
thing against another.
ALLITERATION, al-llt-5r-a-sl)&n, s. The begin-
ning two or more words with the same letter, to give
them a sort of rhyming consonance somewhat similar tu
the termination of the adjective and substantive iu La-
tin ; and used by the best writers.
" The bookful blockhead, ignorantly read,
" With loads of learned lumber in his head." — Pitpe.
ALLOCATION, al-lo-ka-sh&n, s. The act of putting
one thing to another ; the admission of an article iu
reckoning, and addition of it to the account,
ALLOCUTION, al-16-kii-shiin, s. The act of speak-
ing to another.
ALLODIAL, aL-loidd-al, adj. Not feudal, indepen-
dent.
ALLODIUM, al-lo-d£-&m, s. Possession held in ab-
solute independence, without any acknowledgment of
a lord paramount. There are no allodial lands iu Eng-
land.
ALLONGE, al-l&ndje,' s. 165. A pass or thrust with
a rapier.
TJ ALLOO, al-!o3,' v. a. To set on, to incite.
ALLOQUY, al-16-kw^, s. The act of speaking to an-
other.
To ALLOT, aUSt,' v. a. To distribute by lot ; to
grant; to distribute, to give each his share.
ALLOTMENT, al-lot-mSnt, s. The part, the share.
ALLOTTERY, al-16t-t&r-^, & 555. That which u
granted to any in a distribution.
To ALLOW, al-l6u,' v. a. To admit; to grant, to
yield ; to permit ; to give to ; to pay to ; to make a-
batement.
ALLOWABLE, al-l6uia-b!, adj. That which may
be admitted without contradiction, lawful, not for-
bidden.
ALLOWABLENESS, al-lo&-a-bl-n£ss, *. Lawfulness.
exemption from prohibition.
ALLOWANCE, al-ldu-anse, s. Sanction, licence ; per-
mission ; an appointment for any use, abaten ent from
the strict rigour; a sum granted weekly, or yearly, a*
a stipend.
ALLOY, al-loe,' s. 329. Baser metal mixed in coin.
age ; abatement, diminution.
To ALLUDE, al-lide,'t>. n. To have some reference
to a thing, without the direct mention.
ALLUMINOR, al-luim^-nur, s. One who colours
paints upon paper or parchment.
Tit ALLURE, al-lhre,' v. a To entice to any thintf
ALLUREMENT, al-liireim£nt, *. Enticement, terui>-
tation.
ALLURER, al-luir&r, s. 98. Enticer, inveigler.
ALLURINGLY, ;\l-16-tltig-l4, adv. In an alluring
mamur, enticingly.
ALLURINGNESS, al-!{ir£ing-n&>, 3. Enticement.
temptaticu by propo*ing pleasure.
ALLUSION, al-lti-zhfin, n. A hint, an implication.
ALLUSIVE, il-lu-blv, adj. 158. 428. Hinting at
tomething.
ALO
18
ALT
559. Fate 7S, far 77, &I1 83, fit 81 — m«i 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 169, more 164,
ALLUSIVELY, il-lu-slv-li, adv. In an allusive man-
ner.
ALLUSIVENESS, al-lii~>Iv-n3s, s. The quality of be-
ing allusive.
ALLUVION, al-16-v^-&n, *. The carrying of any
thing to something else by the motion of the water;
the thing carried by water.
To ALLY, al-ll/ v. a. To unite by kindred, friend-
ship, or confederacy ; to make a relation between two
things.
ALLY, al-ll' *. One united to some other by mar.
riage, friendship, or confederacy. — See Survey.
Jtjp* A few years ago there was an affectation of pro-
nouncing this word, v^hen a noun, with the accent on the
first syllable ; and this had an appearance of precision
from the general custom of accenting nouns in tnis man-
ner, when the same word, as a verb, had the accent on the
last, 492 : but a closer inspection into the analogies of the
language shewed this pronunciation to be improper, as it
interfered with an universal rule, which was, to pronounce
the y like e in a final unaccented syllable. But whatever
was the reason of this novelty, it now seems to have sub-
sided ; and this word is now generally pronounced with
the accent on the second syllable, as it is uniformly mark-
by all the Orthoepists in our language.
ALMACANTER, al-ina-kan-t&r, s. A circle drawn
parallel to the horizon.
ALMACANTER'S STAFF, al-ma-kanit&rz-staf/ s.
An instrument used to take observations of the sun, a-
bout the time of its rising and setting.
ALMANACK, al-ma-nik, *. 84. A calendar.
AL.MANDINE,al-man-dlne,s. 149. A ruby, coarser
and lighter than the oriental.
ALMIGHTINESS, a!-mlitA-n£s, s. Omnipotence, one
of the attributes of God.
ALMIGHTY, al-mi-t^, adj. 84. 406. Of unlimited
power, omnipotent.
ALMOND, a-m&nd, *. 401. The nut of the almond
tree.
ALMOND TREE, a-m&nd-tree, .?. It has leaves and
flowers very like those of the peach tree.
ALMONDS, a-m&ndz, s. The two glands of the
throat ; the tonsils.
ALMONER, al-m&n-&r, s. 84. The officer of a
prince, employed in the distribution of charity.
ALMONRY, al-m&n-re, *. The place where alms are
distributed.
ALMOST, alimist, adv. 84. Nearly, well nigh.
Al.MS, amz, s. 403. What is given in relief of the
poor.
ALilSBASKET, amz^bas-klt, s. The basket in which
provisions are put to be given away.
Al.MSDEED, amz£de<kl, s. A charitable gift.
ALMSG1VER, amziglv-&r, s. He that supports o-
thers by his charity.
Al.MSHOUSE, ainzihouse, s. An hospital for the
poor.
ALMSMAN, amziman, s. A man who lives upon
alms.
ALMUG-TREE, alim&g-tr&, s. A tree mentioned
in scripture.
ALNAGER, ilina-j&r, s. 88. A measurer by the
ell; a sworn officer, whose business fonnerly was to in-
spect the assize of woollen cloth.
ALNAGE, al-naje, *. 9O. HI measure.
A LMGHT, alinlte, 3. AInight is a great cake of wax,
with the wick in the midst.
ALOES, :\!-ozo, s. A precious wood used in the east
for perfumes, of which the best sort is of higher price
than gold ; a tree which grows in hot countries; a me-
licirul^uice extracted from the common aloes trees.
lord is divided into three syllables by Mr.
ALOETICAL, al-A-£t^-kal, adj. Consisting chiefly
of aloes.
ALOFT, a-l&ft,' adv. On high, in the air.
ALOFT, &-\l>fi{ ]>rep. Above.
A LOGY, al-i-j^, s. Unreasonableness; absurdity.
ALONE, a-l6ne/arf/. 545. Single; without company,
solitary.
ALONG, a-15n£,' adv. At length ; through an\ space
measured lengthwise ; forward, onward ; in company
with.
ALOOF, a-l6of? adv. At a distance.
ALOUD, a-loud,' udv. Loudly, with a great noise.
ALOW, a-16,' adv. In a low place, not aloft
ALPHA, alifa, «. 84. 545. The first letter in the
Greek alphabet, answering to our A ; therefore used to
signify the first.
ALPHABET, al-fa-b£t, s. The letters, or element!
of speech.
ALPHABETICAL, al-fa-b£t-t£-kal, adj. According
to the series of letters.
ALPHABETICALLY, al-fa-b£t-t£-kal-le, adv. Ac.
cording to the order of the letters.
ALPINK, al-pln, adj. 14O. Belonging to the
Alps.
ALREADY, al-r&l-de, adv. 84. At this present
time ; before the present.
ALS, als, adv. Also.
ALSO, al-s6, adv. 84. In the same manner, like.
wise.
ALTAR, al-t&r, s. 84. 98. The place where offer.
ings to heaven are laid ; the table in Christian churches
where the communion is administered.
ALTARAGE, al-t&r-aje, s. 90. An emolument from
oblations at the altar.
ALTAR-CLOTH, at-t&r-cl&th, j. The cloth thrown
over the altar in churches.
To ALTER, a!-i&r, v. a. 418. To change, to make
otherwise than it is.
To ALTER, al-t&r, v. n. To become otherwise than
it was, to lie changed, to suffer change.
ALTERABLE, al^tir-a-bl, adj. That may be altered
or changed.
ALTERABLENESS, alit&r-a-bl-n£ss, s. The quality
of being alterable.
ALTERABLY, al-tfir-a-bl£, adv. In such a manner
as may be altered.
ALTERANT, al-t&r-ant, adj. 555. That which has
the power of producing changes.
ALTERATION, al-t&r-aishfin, s. The act of alter-
ing or changing ; the change made.
ALTERATIVE, al-t&r-a-tlv, adj. Medicines called
alterative, are such as have no immediate sensible ope-
ration, but gradually gain upon the constitution.
ALTERCATION, al-tur-ka-sh&n, s. 84. Debate,
controversy.
he first syllable of this word, and of the sixteen
that follow it, except although, are subject to a double
pronunciation, between which it is not very easy to de-
cide. 1 here is a general rule in the language, that /, fol-
lowed by another consonant, gives the preceding a its
broad sound, as in salt. This rule is subject to several
exceptions, 84 ; and if we take in these words into the ex-
ceptions, there is some doubt of the exception's becoming
the general rule. But the a in question is now so general-
ly pronounced, as in the first syllable of alley, valley, &c
that we should risk the imputation of inaccuracy to sound
it otherwise. Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Scott,
are uniformly for this fourth sound of a. Mr. Perry
marks all with the same sound, except altercate and alter-
cation; and W. Johnston has only the words altercation
and alternative, which he pronounces with the third
alin three syllables; yet as we have the singular aloe
I two syllables, we out;ht to form the plural according
to our own analogy, and pronounce "it" rn^wo^yli'a'bi'es
likewue. — See Antipodet.
there seems to be a grossness in one sound, and a neat-
ness in the other, which has so decidedly given one of
them the preference.
ALTERN, aUt£rn/ adj. 84. 98. Acting by turn*.
AMA
19
AMB
lity or state of being alternative. — See Altercation.
ALTERNITY, al-iei-n£-t£, s. 98. Reciprocal sue.
cession, vicissitude.
ALTHOUGH, al-THo/ conj. 84. Notwithstanding,
however.
ALTILOQUENCE, al-t!l-lA-kw£nse, s. 98. Pompous
language.
ALTLMETRY, a!-tlm£me-tr£, s. 518. The art of
taking or measuring altitudes or heights.
ALTISONANT, al-tis-so-nant, adj. 518. High
sounding, pompous in sound.
ALTITUDE, a!-te-tide, s. Height of place, space
measured upward ; the elevation ot any of the heavenly
bodies above the horizon ; situation with regard to lower
things; height of excellence ; highest point.
ALTOGETHER, al-t<j-g£th-fir, adv. Completely,
without restriction, without exception.
ALUDEL, ai-u-del, s. Aludels are subliming pots
used in chemistry, fitted into one another without
ing.
ALUM, al-lum, s. A kind of mineral salt, of an a-
cid taste.
ALUM- STONE, al-l&m-stone, «. A stone or calx
used in surgery.
ALUMINOUS, a!-l&-md-nus, adj. Relating to alum,
or consisting of alum.
ALWAYS, a!-waze, adv. 84. Perpetually, through-
out all time ; constantly, without variation.
AM, am. The first person of the verb to be.
AMABILITY, am-a-blW-t£, s. 511. 527. Loveli-
ness.
AMADETTO, am-a-d£t£'6, ?
i /< j< ,-«„ fS- A sort of pear.
AMADOT, am^a d5t, 503-5
AMAIN, a-mane/ adv. With vehemence, with vi-
gour.
AMALGAM, a-mal-gam, 7 CA
* i?/ t « f S- 84. The mixture
AMALGAMA, a-mal-ga-ira, \
of metals procured by amalgamation.
To AMALGAMATE, a-maliga-mate, v. a. To u-
nite metals with quicksilver.
AMALGAMATION, a-mal-ga-ma'-sli&n, s. 84. The
act or practice of amalgamating metals. — See Alteration.
AMANDATION, am-An-da-sh&ii, s. 527. The act
of sending on a message.
AMANUENSIS, A-man.i-^nials, s. A person who
writes what another dictates.
AMARANTH, air.ia-rau//j, s. The name of a plant;
in poetry, an imaginary flower unfading.
AMARANTHINE, am-a-ian^/jln, adj. 150. Con-
sisting of amaranths.
Jj^> Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Perry, pronounce
the I in the last syllable of this word short, as it is here
marked.
AMARITUDE, a-inaiW-'fiJe, s. 81. Bitterness.
To AMASS, a-nias,' v. a. To collect together into
one heap or mass; to add one thing to another.
AMASSMENT, i mas-ui^nt, s. A heap, an accumu-
lation.
nir 167, nit 163— tdbe 171, t&b 172, bfill 173—511 299 — p<S&nd 3 IS — thin 4(56 — Tftis 469.
ALTERNACY, a!-t£rina-si, «. 84. Action perform-
ed by turn".
ALTERNATE, a'.-t^rinate, adj. 91. Being by turns,
reciprocal.
To ALTERNATE, al-t^ri-nate, v. a. 91. Toper-
form alternately; to change one thing for another reci-
, procally.
ALTERNATELY, al-t^i-nate-le, adv. In reciprocal
succession.
ALTERNATENESS, al-t£rinate-n£s, s. The quali-
ty of being alternate.
ALTERNATION, al-tfir-na-sh&n, s. 555. The re-
ciprocal succession of things.
ALTERNATIVE, al-i6fina-tiv, s. 158. The choice
given of two things, so that if one be rejected, the other
must be taken.
ALTERNATIVELY, al-t3r-na-tiv-le, adv. By turns,
reciprocally.
ALTERNATIVENESS, al-t£r-na-tlv-n£s, s. The qua-
lity or state of being alternative. — See Altercation.
is word is spelled with one * by Dr. Johnson,
an t undoubtedly ought to have double s as well as cest-
ment. embossment, and embarrassment.
AMATEUR, am-a-iare,' s. A lover of any particular
art or science ; not a professor.
j£5" As this is a French word, it will be expected that
every polite speaker should give the last syllable the
French sound ; that which I have given, though not the
exact pronunciation, approaches nearest to it.
AMATORIAL, am-a-ti-r^-al, adj. Concerning love.
AMATORY, am-a-t&r-rt*, adj. 512. 555. Relating
to love.
AMAUROSIS, am-au-ro-sls, s. 520. A dimness of
sight, not from any visible defect in the eye, but from
some distemperature in the inner parts, occasioning the
representation of flies and dust floating befoie the eyes.
To AMAZE, a-maze,' v. a. To confuse with terror;
to put into confusion with wonder; to put into per-
plexity.
AMAZE, a-maze/ s. Astonishment, confusion, either
of fear or wonder.
AMAZEDLY, a-ma'zSd-li, adv. 364. Confusedly,
with amazement.
AMAZEDNESS, a-ma-z£d-n&5, s. 365. Thestateof
being amazed, wonder, confusion.
AMAZEMENT, a-maze-m^nt, s. Confused apprehen-
sion, extieme fear, horror; extreme dejection ; height
of admiration ; wonder at an unexpected event.
AMAZING, a-tna-zing, part. adj. Wonderful, as-
tonishing.
AMAZINGLY, a-ma£zlng-!£, adv. To a degree that
may excite astonishment.
AMAZON, am-a-x&n, s. 166. The Amazons were
a race of women famous for valour ; a virago.
J£J" This word has the accent on the first syllable, con-
trary to the Latin original, which has it on the second ;
while the following word jlmbages has the same penulti-
mate accent, as in Latin.
AMBAGES, am-ba-j£z, t. 503. A circuit of words,
a multiplicity of words.
AMBASSADE, am-bas-sadc,' s. Embassy. Not in
use.
AMBASSADOR, am-basisa-dur, s. 418. A person
sent in a public manner from one sovereign power to
another.— -See Honour.
AMBASSADRESS, am-ba>-sa-dr£s, s. The lady of an
ambassador; a woman sent on a message.
AMBASSAGE, ani-bas-saje, s. 90. An embassy.
AMBER, am-bur, s. 98. A yellow transparent sub-
stance of a gummous or bituminous consistence.
AMBER, am^bfir, adj. Consisting of amber.
AMBER-DRINK, amibiir-drink, s. Drink of the co-
lour of amber.
AMBERGRIS, amib&r-greic, s. 112. A fragrant
drug that melts almost like wax, used both as a perfume
and a cordial.
AMEER-SEED, amibur-s^ed, s. Musk-seed; it re-
sembles millet.
AMBER-TREE, amibur-trW, s. A shrub whose
beauty is in its small evergreen leaves.
AMBIDEXTER, am-b£-(l£x-:6r, $. A man who h.i*
equally the use of both his hands ; a man who is equal-
ly ready to act on either side in party disputes.
AMBIDEXTERITY, am-b^-c'£x-;ei£i<i-te, s. The
quality of being able equally to use both hands ; double
dealing.
AMBIDEXTROUS, am-be-d^xitr&s, adj. Having,
with equal facility, the use of either hand ; double deal-
ing, practising on both sides.
AMBIDEXTROUSNESS, am-b^-d5xitr&s-n^s, «. The
quality of being ambidextrous.
AMBIENT, am-be-3iit, adj. Surrounding, encom-
passing.
AMBIGU, am-b^-gft, S. An entertainment consisting
of a medley of dishes.
AMBIGUITY, am-b4-gi^-t£, *. Doubtfulness of
meaning; uncertainty of signification.
AMBIGUOUS, am-blgiu-fis, adj. Doubtful, having
two meanings ; using doubtful expressions.
A ME 20 AMO
539. File 73, fir 77, fill 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, rrSve 154,
AMBIGUOUSLY, am-bl«r-&-u:s-l<i, adv. In an am-
biguous Planner, doubtfully.
AMBIGUOUSNESS, am-big-i-fts-n^s, s. Uncertainty
of meaning; duplicity of signification.
AMBILOGY, ain-bll-io-jt, s. 518. Talk of ambigu-
ous signification.
AMBILOQUOUS, am-bll-l6-kw6s, adj. 518. Using
ambiguous expressions.
AMBILOQUY, am-bil-o-k«£, s. 518. Ambiguity of
expression.
AMBIT, ani^blt, s. The compass or circuit of any
thing.
AMBITION, am-blsl>-&n, s. 507. The desire of pre-
fermeut or honour ; the desire of any thing great or ex-
cellent
AMBITIOUS, am-blshius, adj. 459.
Seized or
touched with ambition, desirous of advancement, aspir-
ing.
AMBITIOUSLY, am-blshi&s-l£, adv. With eager-
ness of advancement or preference.
AMBITIOUSNESS, am-bish-is-ti^s, s. The quality
of being ambitious.
AMBITUDE, ami|>^-t6de, s. 463. Compass, circuit
To AMBLE, am-bl, v. n. 405. To move upon an
amble, to pace; to move easily ; to walk daintily.
AMBLE, am-bl, t. 405. An easy pace
AMBLER, arr.-b!&r, s. 98. A pacer.
AiiBLiNGLY, am-b!lng-ie, adv. With an ambling
movement.
AMBROSIA, am-brAizh^-a, s. 505. The imaginary
' food of the gods ; the name of a plant.
Jf^-- Mr. Sheridan has pronounced this and the follow-
ing word am-bro-sha and am-bro-shal. Dr. Kenrick has
divide.! them into the same number of syllables, but has
given the s the flat aspiration, like tA. That this is the
true sound, see letter S. No. 'lio ; and that these words
ought to be divided into four syllables, see Syllabication,
No. 5-1 i', 543.
AMRROSIAL, am-brdizh^-al, adj. Partaking of the
nature or quality of ambrosia ; delicious.
AMBRY, amibrd, s. The place where alms are dis-
tributed; the place where plate, and utensils for house-
keeping, are kept.
AMBS-ACE, amz-ase,' j. 347. A double ace, aces.
AMBULATION, am-bi-laishin, $. The act of walk,
ing.
AMBULATORY, amibi-la-t&r-r£, adj. 512. Hav-
ing the power or faculty of walking.
AMBUEY, auuibu-re, s. A bloody wart on a horse's
body.
AMBUSCADE, am-bfrs-kade,' s. A private station in
which men lie to surprise others.
AMBUSCADO, am-b&s-ka^di, j. 77. A private
post, in order to surprise.
AMBUSH, amibush, 4. 1 75. The post where soldiers
or assassins are placed in order to fall uucx|>ectedly upon
an enemy ; the act of surprising another, by lying in
wait; the state of lying in wait.
AMBUSHED, amibush-£J, adj. 359. Placed in
ambush.
AMBCSHMENT, amibush-m^nt, s. Ambush, sur-
prise.
AMEUSTION, am-b&s-tsbun, s. 464. A bum, a
scald.
AMEL, amim£l, *. The matter with which the varie-
gated works are overlaid, which we call enamelled.
A.MEN, aim^n,' adv. A term used in devotions, by
which, at the end of a prayer, we mean, so be it ; at the
end of a creed, so it is.
t^f- This Is the only word in the language that has ne-
ecs-arily two consecutive accents — bee Principles, No.
AMENABLE, a-m&na-bl, adj. 405. Responsible,
fubjcct so as to be liable to account
AMENANCE, a-nie-nanse, s. Conduct, behaviour.
To AMEND, a-m^nd,' v. a. To correct, to change
any thing that is wroiiR ; to reform the life ; to restore
msvigc* :n writers which the comers are supposed to
have depraved.
2'o AMEND, a-m3nd,' v. n. To grow better.
AMENDMENT, a-rr£nd-m£nr, s. A change from
bad for the better ; reformation of life ; recovery of
health; in law, the correction of an error committed in
a process.
AMENDER, a-m3nid&r, s. 98. The person that a-
mends any thing.
AMENDS, a-rr.^nds,' s. Recompense, compensation.
AMENITY, a-m£n£n£-t£, s. 51 1. Agreeableness of
situation.
To AMERCE, a-m£rse/ v. a. To punish with a fine
or penal ry.
AMERCER, a-mei-sfir, s. 98. He that sets a fine
upon any misdemeanor.
AMERCEMENT, a-in£rsi£m3nt, s. The pecuniary
punishment of an offender.
AMES-ACE, amz-act-,' s. The two aces thrown at
the samp time on two dice.
AMETHODICAL, a-mti-*ASd£e-ka!, adj. Out of me.
thod, irregular.
AMETHYST, am^-</ilst, s. A precious stone of a
violet colour, bordering on purple.
AMETHYSTINE, am-«i-///i:AIn, adj. 140. Resem-
bling an amethyst.
AMIABLE, a-me-a-bl, adj. 405. Lovely, pleasing,
worthy to be loved; pretending love, showing love.
AMIABLENESS, a£ni£-a-bl-n£s, s. Loveliness,
power of raising love.
AMIABLY, a-nie-a-blt*, ado. In such a manner a*
to excite love.
AMICABLE, am-me-ka-bl, adj. 405. Friendly,
kind.
AMICABLENESS, air.ime-ka-bl-n£s, s. Friendliness,
good-will.
AMICABLY, am^-ka-b!^, adv. In a friendly wny.
AMICE, ani^mls, s. 142. The first or undermost
part of a priest's habit.
AMID, a-mlci,'
AMIDST, a-mid
mingled with, surrounded by; among.
AMISS, a-ifi^s,' ailv. Faultily, criminally ; wrong,
not according to the perfection of the thing; impaiicd
in health.
prep. In the midst, middle;
AMISSION,
s. Loss.
'l66. J
s. The innermost mem-
To AMIT, a mlt,' v. a. To lose.
AMITY, am-m£.t£, s. 511. Friendship.
AMMONIAC, am-mo^n^-ak, s. 505. A gum ; a
salt
AMMONIACAL, ain-mi-nUa-kal, adj. 506. Hav-
ing the nature of ammoniac salt.
AMMUNITION, am-mft-nlsh-fin, «. Military stores.
AMMUNITION-BREAD, am-mii-nlshian-br&l, *.
Bread for the supply of armies.
AMNESTY, am-nCs-t^, *. An act of oblivion.
AMNION, am-ne-6n,
AMMOS,
brane with which the foetus in tne womo is immediate-
ly cove. ed.
AMOEBEAN, am-^-b^^in, adj. Verses alternatively
responsive.
AMOMUM, a-m&mtm, *. A sort of fruit.
AMONG, a-mfini:' 7
AMONGST, a-mftngs,,' [ ^^ 1 65' M'ngled with ;
conjoined with others, so as to make part of the num-
ber.
AMORIST, amio-rlst, $. An inamorato, a gallant
AMOROUS, am-6-rus, adj. 544 Enamoured ; iia-
turally inclineil to love, fond ; belonging to love.
AMOROUSLY, ami«i ifrs-1^, adv. Fondly, lovingly.
AMOROUSNESS, ainio-r&i-nes, s. Fondness, lov.
AMORT, a-morl,' adv. Depressed, spiritless.
AMORTIZATION, a-mor-it*-za--,l,an,|
AMORTIZEMF.XT, a-mor-iiz-in^nt, Is'
e right
or act of Uamtering lanils to mortmain
AN
ANA
nor 167, nit 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—511 299 — pound 313— thin 466— Tills 469.
To AMORTISE, a-mor-liz, t>. n. 140. To alien
lands or tenements to any corporation.
KJ- I have made the last syllable of this word, short,
contrary to Mr. Sheridin's pronunciation of it, not only
because it is so pronounced by Vr. Scott and Dr. Kenrick,
but because it is agreeable to the general rule.
To AMOVE, a-m65ve,' v. a. To remove from a post
or station ; to remove, to move, to alter.
To AMOUNT, a-mofinl,' v. n. To rise to in the ac-
cumulative quality.
AMOUNT, a-mount/ s. The sum total.
AMOUR, a-m65r/ s. An affair of gallantry, an in-
trigue.
AMPHIBIOUS, am-f ib^e-frs, adj. That which can
live in two elements.
AMFHIBIOUSNESS, am-flb£e-5'--peX s. The quali-
ty of being able to live in different elements.
AMPHIBOLOGICAL, am-ie-bi-l&u-je-kal, adj. 509.
Doubtful.
AMPHIBOLOGY, am-fe-b61-6-je, s. Discourse of
uncertain meaning.
AMPHIBOLOUS, am-f Ib-bA-lus, adj. Tossed from
one to another.
AMPHIBRACH, amife-brak, 7
AMPHIBRACHYS, amife-brak-ez, $ s> A foot< con-
sistini; of three syllables, having one syllable long in the
middle, and a short one on each side.
AMPHISBJENA, am-fis-beina, *. 92. A serpent
supposed to have two headj.
AMPHITHEATRE, am-fe-^e-a-t6r, s. 516. A
bui'ding in a circular or oval form, having its area en-
compassed with rows of seats one above another.
AMPLE, amipl, adj. 4O5. Large, wide, extended ;
great in bulk , unlimited, without restriction ; liberal,
large, without parsimony ; diffusive, not contracted.
AMPLENESS, Am-pl-n£s, s. Largeness, liberality.
Ti> AMPLIATE, am-ple-ate, v. a. To enlarge, to
extend.
AMPLIATION, am-ple-a-shu,n, s. Enlargement, ex-
aggeration ; diffuseness.
To AMPLIFICATE, am-pllf£e-kate, v. a. To en-
large, to amplify.
AMPLIFICATION, am-ple-fe-ka-shun, s. Enlarge-
ment, extension ; exaggerated representation.
AMPLIFIER, am-ple-fi-ur, s. 98. One that exag-
gerates.
To AMPLIFY, am-ple-fl, v. a. 183. To enlarge;
to exaggerate any thing ; to improve by new additions.
To AMPLIFY, am'ple-fi, v. n. To lay one's self
out in diffusion: to form pompous representations.
AMPLITUDE, am-ple-tude, s. Largeness, great-
ness ; copiousness, abundance.
AMPLY, am-ple, ado. Largely, liberally; copi-
ously.
To AMPUTATE, am-pu-tate, v. a. To cut off a
limb.
AMPUTATION, am-pu-ta-sli&n, *. The operation of
cutting off a limb or other part of the body.
AMULET, am-u-l£t, s. A charm ; a thing hung a-
bout the neck, for preventing or curing a disease.
To AMUSE, a-muze,' v. a. To entertain the mind
with haimless trifling ; to engage the attention ; to de-
ceive by artful management.
AM USEMENT, a-muzt-ment, s. That which amuses,
entertainment
AM USER, a-mu-zur, s. He that amuses.
AML'SIVE, a-muislv, adj. 158. 4-28. That which
has the power of amusing.
AMYGDALATE, a-mlg-da-late, adj. Made of al-
monds.
stead of it before what is called a vowel, as a useful book
a usual ceremmy, a usurer, &c. ; nor is any' mention
made of its constant usage before h when it is not mute,
if the accent of the won! be on the second syllable, as an
heroic action, an historical account, &c. This want of
accuracy arises from a want of analyzing the vowels, and
not attending sufficiently to the influence of accent on pro-
nunciation. A proper investigation of the power of the
vowels would have informed our Grammarians, that the
letter u, when long, is not so properly a vowel as a semi-
consonant, and perfectly equivalent to commencing y 8 ;
and that a feeling of this has insensibly influenced the
best speakers to prefix a to it in their conversation, while
a confused idea of the general rule arising from an igno-
rance of the nature of the letters has generally induced
them to prefix an to it in writing. The same observa-
tions are applicable to the h. The ear alone tells us, that
before heroic, historical, &c. the an ought invariably to
be used ; but by not discovering that it is the absence of
accent on the h that makes an admissible in these words,
we are apt to prefix an to words where the h is sounded,
as an hor^e, an house, &c. and thus set our spoken and
written language at variance. This seems better to ac-
count for the want of accuracy in this article than a con-
jecture I once heard from Dr. Johnson, that our ancestors,
particularly in the time cf the Spectator, where this mis-
application of the article frequently occurs, did not pro-
nounce the h at the beginning of words so often as we do.
However this may be, it seems necessary, to a correctness
of language, to make our orthography and pronunciation
as consistent as possible : for which purpose it may not lw
useless to attend to the following general rules. The ar-
ticle A must be used before all words beginning with a
consonant, and before the vowel u when long : and the ar-
ticle An must be used before all words beginning with a
vowel, except long u: before words beginning with A
mute, as an hour, an heir, &c. or before words where the
h is not mute, if the accent be on the second syllable, as
an heroic action, an historical account, &c. For the few
words in our language, where the h. is mute, see this let.
ter in the Principles, No. 594 : and for a just idea of the
letter u, and the reason why it admits of an before it when
long, see Principles, No. 8, and the Notes unon it.
ANABAPTIST, an-a-bap-tlst, s. One who allowetfc
of, and maintaineth, re-baptizing.
ANACAMPTICK, an-a-kanAik, adj. Reflecting, 01
reflected.
ANACAMPTICKS, an-a-kanAlks, s. The doctrine
of reflected light, or catoptricks.
ANACATHARTICK, an-a-ka-//«aritlk, s. Any me-
dicine that works upwards.
ANACHORITE, an ik^i-rite, s. 155. A monk, who
leaves the convent for a more austere and solitary life.
ANACHRONISM, an-aki-kro-nizm, s. An error in
computing time.
ANACLATICKS, an-a-klatilks, s. The doctrine of
refracted light ; dioptricks.
ANADIPLOSIS, aii-a-dti-plo-sls, s. Reduplication ;
a figure in rhetorick.
ANAGRAM, an-a-gram, s. A conceit arising from
the letteis of a name transposed so as to form some o-
ther word or sentence.
ANAGRAMMATISM, an-a-gramima-tlzm, s. 434.
The art or practice of making anagrams.
ANAGHAMMATIST, an-a-gramima-tlst, s. A maker
of anagrams.
To ANAGRAMMATIZE, an-a-gramima-tlze, v. n,
159. To n ake anagrams.
ANALEFTICK, an-a-l£p-tlk, adj. Comforting, cor-
roborating.
ANALOGICAL, an-a-loJje^-kil, adj. Used by way
of analogy.
ANALOGICALLY, an-'-lSdjeie-kal-!e, adv. In an
analogical manner . • i an analogous manner.
ANALOGiCALh£S8, an-a.l6dje-e-kal-n£s, s. The
quality of being i.: alogical.
To ANALOGIZE, a-iial^lo-jize, v. a. To explain by
art. One, but with less emphasis; any, or
idj. 314. Having ana-
J18. Resemblance be-
tween things with regard to some circumstances or ef-
^5" This indefinite, and as it may be called, euphonic
article, is said by all our Grammarians to be used before tccts- «,/,. 2
a vowel or It mute; but no notice is taken of using a in- ANALYSIS a-iiul-le-bls, s. 520. A separation of any
ANC
ANG
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81— mi 93, m5t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — ni 162, rvove 164
compound into its several parts; a solution of any
tiling, whether corporal or mental, to its first ele-
ments.
ANALYTICAL, &ii-iUlt-t£-kil, adj. That which
resolves any thing into first principles; that which pro-
ceeds by analysis.
ANALYTICALLY, an-a-lltit^-kal-le, adv. The
manner of resolving compounds into the simple consti-
tuent or component parts.
To ANALYZE, in-a-llze, v. a. To resolve a com-
pound into its first principles.
ANALYZER, an-i-lUzfrr, s. 98. That which has
the power of analyzing.
ANAMORPHOSIS, an-a-m3r-f6^1s, *. Deformation;
perspective projection, so that at one point of view it
shall appear deformed, in another an exact representa-
tion.
ft5» I have accented this word on the penultimate, as
DrTjohnson and Mr. Sheridan have done ; as it is a tech-
nical word, and not naturalised like metamorphosis. — See
Principles, No. 520.
A.NANAS, SUna-nas, ». The pineapple.
ANAPvEST, aniA-p£^t, s. A foot consisting of three
syllables, two short and one long ; the reverse of the
dactyle.
ANAP.SSTIC, an-i-p&'tlk, adj. Belonging to an
anapaest.
ANAPHORA, i-naf-fi-ra, t. 92. A figure when
several clauses of a sentence are begun with the same
word.
ANARCH, an^ark, s. 353. An author of confusion.
ANARCHIAL, a-narik4-al,) .. „
i i i\ 3i f <*d). Confused, withou
ANARCHIC, a-naiiklk, j •
mle.
ANARCHY, aniar-k£, s. Want of government, a
state without magistracy.
ANASARCA, an-a-sarMca, s. 92. A sort of dropsy,
where the whole substance is stuffed with pituitous hu
rnoiirs.
ANASTROPHE, a-nas£trA-fe, s. J18. Afigurewhere-
by words, which should have been precedent, are post-
poned.
ANATHEMA, a-na/A^-ma, s. 92. A curse pro-
nounced by ecclesiastical authority.
ANATHEMATTCAL, an-a-</i§ mat^-kal, adj. 509.
That which has the properties of an anathema.
ANATHEMATICALLY, an-a-tfi£-mat^-kal-l4, adv.
In an .-mathematical manner.
To ANATHEMATIZE, an-a/A^-ma dze, v. a. 159.
To pronounce accursed by ecclesiastical authority.
ANATIFEROUS, an-a-ilf-fe-r&s, adj. 518. Pro-
ducing ducks.
ANATOCISM, a-natit6-slzm, «. The accumulation
of interest upon interest.
ANATOMICAL, an-a-t&m^-kal,ad/. Relatingor be-
longing to anatomy ; proceeding upon principles taught
in anatomy.
ANATOMICALLY, an-a-tSmi^-kal-li, adv. In an
anatomical manner.
ANATOMIST, a-nat^A-mlst, *. He that studies the
structure of animal bodies, by means of dissection.
To ANATOMIZE, a-natit6-mize, v. a. To dissect
an animal ; to lay any thing open distinctly, and by mi-
nute parts.
ANATOMY, a-nai^A-mi*, s. 518. The art of dis-
secting the body ; the doctrine of the structure of the
body; the act of dividing any thing; a skeleton; a thin
meagre person.
ANCESTOR, in^s-tfir, s. 98. One from whom a
person descends.
ANCESTRAL, au£s5s-tr3l, adj. Claimed from ances-
tors.
ANCESTRY, an-s£s-tr4, s. Lineage, a series of an-
ce-tnrs ; the honour of descent, birth.
ANCHENTRY, ane-tsh£n-tre, s. Antiquity of a fa-
mily, properly, anrimtry.
ANCHOK, anki&r, t. 353. 418. A heavy iron, to
hold the ship, by being fixed to the ground ; any thing
which confers stability.
To ANCHOR, ank-ur, v. n. 166. To cast ancho
to lie at anchor ; to stop at, to rest on.
ANCHORAGE, ank-ur-adje, 3. 9O. Ground to an.
chor upon ; the anchors of a ship ; a duty paid for an
choring in a port.
ANCHOR-HOLD, ank'&r-hold, *. The hold or fast
ness of the anchor.
ANCHORED, ank-&r-r£d, part. adj. 353. Held by
the anchor.
ANCHORET, anki<S-r£t,
i i / A i 1^1-
ANCHORITE, Ank-o-rlte, 155.
hermit.
* A recluse, a
erm.
ANCHOVY, an-tsli6-v£, s. A little sea-fish, much
used by wav of sauce, or seasoning.
ANCIENT, ane-tsh£nt, adj. 542. Old, not mo-
dern ; old, that has been of long duration ; past, for-
mer.
ANCIENT, ane-tshSnt, s. The flag or streamer of a
ship.
ANCIENT, ane£tsh£nt, s. The bearer of a flag, now
ensign.
ANCIENTLY, aneifsh£nt-l£, adv. In old times.
ANCIENTNESS, ane-tshent-rAs, *. Antiquity.
ANCIENTRY, ane-tbh£n-tr£, s. The honour of an-
cient lineage.
ANCILLARY, an-sll-a-r£, adj. Subservient as a
handmaid.— See Slaxtllary and Papillary.
•AND, and, canj. The particle by which sentences or
terms are joined.
ANDANTE, an-dan-te, adj. In music : expressive,
distinct, exact.
ANDIRON, and-U&rn, «. 417. Irons at the end of
a tire-grate, in which the spit turns.
ANDROGYNAL, an-dr&dje^-ual, adj. Hennaphro.
ditical ; partaking of both fexcs.
ANDROGYNALLY, an-dr&dje^-nal-l^, adv. With
two sexes.
ANDROGYNUS, an-dr6dje^-n&s, t. 482. An her.
mnphrodite.
ANDHOPHAGUS, an-drSfia-gfts, *. 518. A canni-
bal, a man-eater. Plural Androphagi.
ANECDOTE, an^k-d6te, *. Something yet unpub-
lished ; secret history.
ANECDOTICAL, an-£k-d6ti£-kal, adj. Relative to
anecdotes.
ANEIIOGRAPHY, an-£-m&g-gra-f£, s. 518. Th«
description of the winds.
ANEMOMETER, an-£-m6mim£-t£r, s. 518. An
instrument contrived to measure the wind.
ANEMONE, a-n£miA-n£. s. The wind flower.
ANEMOSCOPE, a-n£mio-skApe, i. A machine in-
vented to foretel the changes of the wind.
ANENT, a-ndnt,' jrrej). A Scotticism. Concerning,
about ; over against, opposite to.
ANEURISM, aniu-rlzm, s. 503. A disease of the
arteries, in which they become excessively dilated.
ANEW, a-nfi/ ado. Over again, another time; newly,
in a new manner.
ANFRACTUOUSNESS, an-frak£tshi-is-n£s, s. 461.
Fulness of windings and turnings.
ANGEL, ane-j£l, s. 542. Originally a messenger; a
spirit employed by God in human affairs : angel is
sometimes used in a bad sense, as, angels of darkness ;
in the style of love, a beautiful person : a piece of an-
cient money. — See Change.
ANGEL-SHOT, ane-j£l-sh6t, *. Chain shot.
ANGELICA, an-j£li<i-ka, s. 92. The name of a plant
ANGELICAL, an-j^l-e-kal, adj. 509. Resembling
angeis; partaking of the nature of angels; belonging
to angels.
ANGELICALNESS, an-j£i-l£-kal-n£s, «. Excellence,
more than human.
ANGELICK, an-j£l-llk, adj. 508. Angelical; a-
bove human.
ANGELOT, an-j^-l&t, s. A musical instrument
somewhat resembling a lute.
ANI
23
ANN
e-slzm, s. An English idiom ;
nor 167, nit 163 — tube 171, t&b 172, b&ll 173—611 299— pflind SIS — thin 466 — THis 469.
ANGER, ar>g-g&r, t. 409. 98. Uneasiness upon
the receipt of any injury ; smart of a sore.
To ANGER, angigur, v. a. To provoke, to enrage.
ANGERLY, ing-gur-1^, adv. In an angry manner.
ANGIOGRAPHY, in-j^-5g-grS-f^, s. A description
of vessels in the human body.
ANGLE, angigl, s. 405. The space intercepted be-
tween two lines intersecting each other.
ANGLE, ang-gl, s. An instrument to take fish, con-
sisting of a rod, a line, and a hook.
To ANGLE, angigl, v. a. To fish with a rod and
hook ; to try to gain by some insinuating artifices.
ANGLE- ROD, ang£gl-r6d, s. The stick to which the
fisher's line and hook are hung.
ANGLER, angiglur, s. 98. He that fishes with an
angle.
ANGLICISM, angig
a mode of speech peculiar to the English.
ANGOBER, ang-g6-b&r, *. 98. A kind of pear.
ANGRILY, ang-gr£-ld, adv. In an angry manner.
ANGRY, ang-gr£, adj. 409- Touched with anger,
having the appearance of anger ; painful, inflamed.
ANGUISH, Sngigvvlsh, s. 340. Excessive pain ei-
ther of mind or body.
ANGUISHED, angigwlsh-£d, adj. 359. Excessive-
ly pained.
ANGULAR, angigi-l&r, adj. 98. Having angles or
corners.
ANGULARITY, ahg-gu-Iaii<*-t£, s. The quality of
being angular.
ANGULARLY, angigft-l&r-te, adv. With angles.
ANGULARNESS, ang-gfr-lfrr-n£s, s. The quality of
being angular.
ANGULATED, angigi-la-t£d, adj. Formed with
angles.
ANGULOUS, ang-gi-l&s, adj. 314. Hooked, angu-
lar.
ANGUST, an-gfrst,' adj. 409. 98. Narrow, strait
ANGUSTATION, an-g&s-ta-sh&n, s. The act of
making nariow ; the state of being narrowed.
A JVH ELATION, an-h£-la-shun, s. The act of pant-
ing.
ANHELOSE, an-h£-lAse,' adj. Out of breath.
ANIENTED, an-£-3n-t£d, adj. Frustrated.
ANIGHTS, a-nltes,' adv. In the night time.
ANIL, an-ll, s. The shrub from whose leaves and
stalks indigo is prepared.
ANILENESS, a-nlle-n£s,
ANILITY, a-nil-I<*-t£,
s. 530. The old age of
AMMABLE, anie-ma-bl, adj. 405. That which
may be put into life.
ANIMADVERSION, an-£-mAd-v£r-shun, s. Reproof;
severe censure ; observation.
ANIMADVERSIVE, an-^-mad-v&isiv, adj. 428.
That has the power of judging.
To ANIMADVERT, an-d-mad-v&t,' v. n. To con-
sider ; to observe ; to pass censures upon.
ANIMADVERTER, an-£-mad-v£r-tur, s. He that
passes censures, or observes upon.
ANIMAL, an-^-mal, S. A living creature, corporeal :
by way of contempt, we say a stupid man is an animal.
ANIMAL, an-e-mal, adj. That belongs or relates
to animals : animal is used in opposition to spiritual.
ANIMALCULE, an-e-mAl-kule, s. A small animal
J£jT» This word is derived from the French, and forms
Its plural by adding s ; but this plural is sometimes ex-
pressed by the Latin word animalcula, which being mis-
taken for ? singular by those who have but a faint memo-
rv of their accidence, is sometimes made plural by the
change of a into <c diphthong : but it ought to be remem-
bered that animalcule in the singular, makes animalcules
in the plural, without any additional syllable; and thai
the singular of animalcula is aiiimalculum.
AMMALlTif, an-e-niai-^-t^, s. The state of anima
existence.
To ANIMATE, ani^-mate, v. a. To quicken, t*
make alive; to give powers to ; to encourage, to incite.
ANIMATE, in-e-mate, adj. 91. Alive, possessing
animal life.
ANIMATED, an££-ma-t£d, part. adj. Lively, vi-
gorous.
ANIMATION, an-£-ma-sli&n, *. The act of animat-
ing or enlivening; that which animates; the state of
being enlivened.
ANIMATIVE, ani£-ma-iiv, adj. 157. That has the
power of giving life.
ANIMATOR, an-^-ma-tfir, s. 521. That which
gives life.
ANIMOSE, an-£-m6se,' adj. 427. Full of spirit, hot.
ANIMOSITY, an-£-m&sit,£-t£, s. Vehemence of ha-
tred ; passionate malignity.
ANISE, atl-nis, s. 140. A species of apium or pars-
ley, with large sweet-scented seeds.
ANKER, ank'&r, s. 98. 409. A liquid measure the
fourth part of the awm.
ANKLE, &nk-kl, S. 405. The joint which joins th«
foot to the leg.
ANKLE-BONE, ankikl-bAne, *. The bone of the
ankle.
ANNALIST, inina-llst, s. A writer of annals.
ANNALS, Sn-nalz, s. Histories digested in the exact
order of time.
ANNATS, an-nats, s. First fruits.
To ANNEAL, an-n&e,' v. a. To heat glass that th«
colours laid on it may pierce through ; to heat any
thing in such a manner as to give it the true temper.
To ANNEX, an-n^ks,' v. a. To unite to at the end ;
to unite a smaller thing to a greater.
ANNEXATION, an-n^k-sa-shfrn, s. Conjunction,
addition ; union, coalition.
ANNEXION, an-n£k£shun, s. The act of annexing.
ANNEXMENT, an-n£ks£m£nt, s. The act of an-
nexing ; the thing annexed.
ANNIHILABLE, an-nUh^-Ia-bl, adj. That which
may be put out of existence.
To ANNIHILATE, an-nKh^-late, v. a. To reduce
to nothing ; to destroy ; to annul.
Jf5" Englishmen who have been bred in foreign semi-
naries, where they pronounce the i in Latin like e, gene-
rally pronounce this word as if written an-nt '-he-late, be-
cause they pronounce the Latin word from which it is de-
rived in the same manner; but Englishmen, educated in
their own country, pronounce the i, when it ends a syl-
lable with the accent on it, both in Latin and English,
as it is here marked.
ANNIHILATION, an-ni-h^-Iaish&n, s. The act of
reducing to nothing, the state of being reduced to no-
thing.
ANNIVERSARY, an-n£-v£risa-r£, s. A day celebrat-
ed as it returns in the course of the year ; the act of ce-
lebration of the anniversary.
ANNIVERSARY, an-n£-v£risa-r£, adj. Returning
with the revolution of the year; annual.
ANNO DOMINI, .aninA-d&m^-ni. In the year of
our Lord.
ANNOL1S, an-no-lis, s. An American animal like a
lizard.
ANNOTATION, an-n6-taishun, j. Explication;
note.
ANNOTATOR, an-tiA-ta-tfcr, s. 521. A writer of
notes, a commentator.
To ANNOUNCE, an-nofinse,' v. a. To publish ; to
proclaim ; to declare by a judiciA sentence.
To ANNOY, an-no^' v. a. 329. To incommode, to
vex.
ANNOY, &n-n5£,' s. Injury, molestation.
ANNOYANCE, an-no^-anse, *. That which annoys ;
the act of annoying.
ANNOYER, an-noei&r, s. 98. The person that an-
noys.
ANNUAL, An-nft-al, adj. That which comes yearly ;
that which is reckoned by the year ; that which lasts
only a yew.
ANT
24
ANT
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — ni«* 93, mh 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — no 162, move 164.
ANTANACLASIS, ant.a-r.ii-klaisis, s. A figure la
rheloricK, when the same word is repeated in a differ-
ent manner, if not in a contrary signification ; it is .-il.-o
a returning to the matter at the end of a long pai en-
thesis.
ANTAPHRODITICK, ant-a-frA-dlt-ik, adj. Effica-
cious against the venereal disease.
ANTAPOPLECTICK, ant-ap-po-pl£kitlk, adj. Good
against an apoplexy.
ANTARCTICA an-tatk-tlk, adj Relating to the
southern pole.
ANTARTHRITICK, ant-ar-«/irlt-]k, adj. Good a-
gainst (he gout.
ANTASTHMATICK, Int-ast-mai-lk, adj. Good a-
gainst the asthma.
AxTEACT, anit£-akt, s. A former act
ANTEAMBULATION, an-t«* am-bft-la-shun, *. A
walking before.
To ANTECEDE, 5.n-t£-s£de,' v. a. To precede ; to go
before.
ANTECEDENCE, an-t£-s.eid3nse, *. The act or state
of going before.
ANTECEDENT, in-t£-s£-t!£nt, adj. Going before,
preceding.
ANTECEDENT, 5n-t4-ve!d£nt, s. That which goc*
before ; in grammar, the noun to which the relative is
subjoined.
ANTECEDENTLY, an-te-s6id5nt-l£, adv. Previously.
ANTECESSOR, an-le-*&>-b&r, $. One who goes be-
fore, or leads another.
ANTECHAMBER, anite-tsliam-bfir, s. The cham-
ber that leads, to the chief apartment — See Chamber.
To ANTEDATE, anile-date, v. a. To date earlier
than the real time ; to date something before the pro-
per time,
ANTEDILUVIAN, an-te'-di-Iiiv^-an, adj. Existing
before the deluge; relating to things existing before
the deluge.
ANTELOPE, an-t£-l6pe, s. A goat with curled or
wreathed horns.
ANTEMERIDIAN, an-t£-tr><*-ridH2-an, adj. 294.
5"6. 507. Being before noon.
ANTEMETICK, ant-£-in<k-Ik, adj. That has th»
power of preventing or stopping vomiting.
ANTEMUNDANE, aii-it*-m&uidane, adj. That
which was belore the world.
ANTEPAST, an-ie-past, s. A foretaste.
ANTEPENULT, au-ti-pd-n<,' «. The last syllabi*
but two.
ANN TALLY, an-nfr-cll-li, adv. Yearly, every year
ANNUITANT, an-nii^-tAut, s. He that possesses or
receives an annuity.
ANNUITY, in-ni^-t£, S. A yearly rent to be paic
fur a term of life or years ; a yearly allowance.
To ANNUL, an-n&l/ v. a. To make void, to nulli
fy : to reduce to nothing.
ANNULAR, an-nto-lar, adj. 98. Having the form
of a ring.
ANNULARY, an^nfi-la-r^, adj. Having the form
of rings.
ANNULET, ani-nfi-lSt, 5. A little ring.
To ANNUMERATE, an-ni-ine-rase, t;. a. 91. To
add to a former number.
ANNUMKRATION, iu-n6-md-ra-sh&n, s. Addition
to a former number.
To ANNUNCIATE, an-n&rAh<*-ate, v. a. 91. 357.
196. To bring tidings.
ANNUNCIATION-DAY, in-n&n-sli£-a'Ui&n.-da, s.
Tha day celebrated bv the church, in memory of the
Angel's salutation of the Blessed Virgin, sole-ranked on
the twenty-fifth of March.
ANODYNE, in^o-dlne, adj. Having the power of
mitigating pain.
To ANOINT, a-nSlnt,' v. a. To rub over with unc-
tuous matter; to consecrate by unction.
ANOINTER, a-n6In-t&r, s. The person that a-
noints.
ANOMALISM, i-nim^i-llzm, s. Anomaly, irregu-
larity.
ANOMALISTICAL, a-n6m-a-lls,it^-kal, adj. 509.
Irregular.
ANOMALOUS, a-n&mia-l&s, adj. Irregular, deviat-
ing from the general method or analogy of things.
ANOMALOUSLY, a-n&mia-l&s-le, adv. Irregu-
larly.
ANOMALY, a-n6mia-li, *. Irregularity, deviation
from rule.
ANOMY, aniA-rn£, s. BrRach of law.
ANON, a-nfin,' adv. Quickly, soon ; now and then.
A NONYMOUS, a-n5ni£-m&s, adj. Wanting a name.
ANONYMOUSLY, a-n6n^-m&s-l«5, adv. Without a
name.
A.N'OREXY, anin6-r£k-s£, s. 517. Inappetency.
ANOTHER, an-&THi&r, adj. 98. Not the same ; one
moie ; any other ; not one's self; widely different.
ANSATED, aii-sa-t^d, adj. Having handles.
To ANSWER, an-s&r, v. n. 475. 98. To speak in
return to a question ; to speak in opposition ; to be ac-
countable for; to give an account; to correspond to,
to suit with ; to be equivalent to ; to satisfy any claim
or petition ; to stand as opposite or correlative to some-
tmngelse; to bear proportion to; to succeed, to pro-
duce the wished event ; to appear to any call or autho-
ritative summons.
ANSWER, an^sur, j. 475. That which is said in
return to a question, or position ; a confutation of a
charge.
ANSWERABLE, anis&r-a-bl, adj. 475. That to
which a reply may be made ; obliged to give an ac-
count; correspondent to ; proportionate to; equal to.
ANSWERABLY, aiA&r-a-ble, adv. In due propor-
tion ; with proper corres
ANSWERABLENESS, aui
lity of being answerable.
dence; suitably.
s. The qua.
ANSWERER, anis&r-&r, s. 554. He that answers ;
he that manages the controversy against oue that has
written first.
ANT, ant, s. An emmet, a pismire.
ANTBEAR, ant-bare, *. An animal that feeds on
ants.
ANT HILL, ilnt-lilll, s. The small protuberance of
eaith in which ants make their nests.
ANTAGONIST, la.iigiA-nUt, s. One who contends
ANTEPILEPTICK, Snt-£p-£-l5p£tik, adj. A medi
cine against convulsions.
To ANTEPONE, iu-ie-p6ue, t;. a. To prefer on*
thing to another.
ANTEPREDICAMENT, an-i£-pr£-dlkia-m£nt, .«.
Something previous to the doctrine of the predicaments.
ANTERIORITY,
state of being before.
s. Priority ; the
with another, an opponent ; contrary to.
ANTERIOUR, an-t£ir£-&r, adj. Going before.
J£5" Now more commonly and better written ^interior.
ANTES, anil^z, *. Pillars of large dimensions thai
support the front of a building.
ANTESTOMACH, an-t^-stfimi&k, *. 166. A cavity
that leads into the stomach.
ANTHELMINTHICK, an-//i£l-mln£;/ak, adj. That
which kills worms.
ANTHEM, an-i/i5m, s. A holy song.
ANTHOLOGY, an-</i5W-je, s. 518. A collection
of flowers; a collection of devotions ; a collection of
poems.
ANTHONY'S FIRE, an-ii-nlz-f ire,' s. A kind of
erysipelas.
ANTHRAX, anoraks, s. A scab or blotch which
burns the skin.
ANTHROPOLOGY, ani//ir6-p&lii-j£, s. The doc-
trine of anatomy.
To con- ANTHROPOPHAGI,
1 cannibals.
Man-eaten,
ANT
25
ANX
n3r 167, not 163— t&be 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — oil 299 — poSnd 313 — thin 466 — THif 469-
ANTHROPOPHAGINIAN, ani//iro-pof^a-ilni<*-an, *.
A ludicrous word, formed by bhakespeare from anthro-
pophagi.
ANTHROPOPHAGY, an-^r6-p6PA-j^, s. The qua-
lity of eating human flesh.
ANTHROFOSOPUK, an^/ji 6-p5sio-f£, s. The know-
le<ige of the nature of man.
ANTHYPNOTICK, antihlp-not^lk, adj. That which
has the power of preventing sleep.
ANTHYPOPHORA, aiW/i^-pof-o-ra, *. The refuta-
tion of an objection by the apposition of a contrary sen-
tence.
ANTIACID, anit£-as-ld, $. Alkali.
ANTICHAMBER, an-ie-tsham-bfir, «. Corruptly
written for antechamber — See Chamber.
ANTICHRISTIAN, an-te-krlst-yan, adj. Opposite
to Christianity,
ANTICHRISTIANISM, an-t^-krlstiyan-izm, s. Op-
position or contrariety to Christianity.
ANTICHRISTIANITY, an-t^-krist-
Contrariety to Christianity.
To ANTICIPATE, an-tls^-pate, v. a. To take
something sooner than another, so as to prevent him ;
to take up before the time; to foretaste, or take an im-
pression of something which is not yet, as if it really
were; to preclude.
ANTICIPATION, anitls-s^-pa-shfin, 5. The act of
taking up something before its time; foretaste.
ANTICK, an-tlk, adj. Odd; ridiculously wild.
ANTICK, an-tlk, s. He that plays anticks, or uses
odd gesticulation ; a buffoon.
ANTICKLY, an-tlk-1^, adv. With odd postures.
ANTICLIMAX, an-t^-kli-maks, s. A sentence in
which the last part is lower than the first; opposite to
a climax.
ANTICONVUI.SIVE, an-t^-con-vil-siv, adj. Good
against convulsions.
ANTICOR, ani-t^-koV, s. 166. A preternatural
swelling in a horse's breast, opposite to his heart.
ANTICOUJITIER, an-t£-cArt-ish&r, s. One that op-
poses the court.
ANTIDOTAL, an-ti-dMtal, adj. Having the power
or quality of counteracting poison.
ANTIDOTE, an-ui-dote, s. A medicine given to ex-
pel poison.
ANTIFEBRILE, an-t£-f£b-r!l, adj. 140. Good a -
gainst fevers.
ANTILOGARJTHM, an-t<*-log'a-ri/Am, s. Thecom-
plement of the logarithm of a sine, tangent, or secant.
ANTIMONARCHICAL, anit£-m6-nar-kd-kal, adj.
Against government by a single person.
ANTI.MONIAL, an-t£-ir.6-n£-al, adj. Made of an-
timony.
ANTIMONY, an£ti-m&n-£, s. 556. Antimony is a
mineral substance, of a metalline nature.
ANTINEPHRITICK, anite-ne-frlt-Ik, adj. Good a-
gainst diseases of the reins and kidneys.
Al.'TiNOMlAN, an-ti-no-me-at), s. The name of a
sect.
ANTINOMY, an-tln£4-md, s. 518. A contradiction
between two laws.
ANTIPARALYTICK, an£t£-par-a-litilk, adj. Effi-
cacious against the palsy.
ANTIPATHETICAL, atA£-pa-</i£.i£-kal, adj. Hav-
ing a natural contrariety to any thing.
ANTIPATHY, an-tlpii-//«i, s. 518. A natural con-
trariety to any thing, so as to shun it involuntarily ; op-
posed to sympathy.
ANTIPKRISTASIS, aii£te-p£-rl-,i!a-sls, *. 520. The
opposition of a contrary quality, by which the quality
it opposes becomes heightened.
ANTIPESTILENTIAL, ani-ie-pfe-td-l^n-shal, adj.
Efficacious against the plague.
ANTIPHON, an£te-f6n. Alternate singing.
ANTIMONY, ) an.tlr_0_ntl ,. An ^
ANTIPHONE, $
tbod of singing by way of response.
ANTIPHRASIS, In-tlf^fra-sls, *. 519. The u«e of
words in a sense opposite to their meaning.
ANTIPODAL, an-tlpio-dal, adj. 518. Relating to
the antipodes.
ANTIPODES, an-tlp^o-dez, *. Those people who,
living on the other side of the globe, have their feet dj-
reetly opposite to ours.
K^ We frequently hear disputes whether this word
should be pronounced in four syllables, as it is here, with
the accent on the second, or in three, as if divided into
an-ti-podes, with the accent on the first syllable, and the
last rvhming with abodes. To solve the difficulty, it
must be observed, that the word is pure Latin ; and that
when we adopt rich words into our own language, we
seldom alter the accent. If, indeed, the singular of this
word were in u-e like tateUitf, 155, then we ought to form
the plural regularly, and pronounce it in three syllables
only ; but as it is always used in the plural, and is perfect
Latin, we ought to pronounce it in four.
" To counterpoise this hero of the mode,
*' Some for renown are singular and odd ;
" What other men dislike is sure lo please,
" Of all mankind, these dear antipnlti ;
" Through pride, not malice, tnej run counter rtlll,
" And birth-days are their days of dressing ill."
Yoiaig't Lui't of Fame.
ANTIPOPE, an£t£-p6pe, s. He that usurps thepopi»-
dom.
ANTIPTOSIS, in-tlp-toisls, s. 520. A figure in
grammar by which one case is put for another.
ANTIQUARY, anit£-kwa-r£, s. A man studious of
antiquity.
To ANTIQUATE, an-td-kwate, v. a. To make ob-
solete.
ANTIQUATEDNESS, anit^-kwa-t^d-nfe, s. Th«
state of being obsolete.
ANTIQUE, an-t££k/ adj. 112. Ancient, not mo.
dern; of genuine antiquity ; of old fashion.
ANTIQUE, 3.n t£ek/s. 112. An antiquity, a remain
of ancient times.
ANTIQUENESS, an-t£3k-n£s, s. The quality of being
antique.
ANTIQUITY, in-t!kikw£-t£, ». Old times ; the an-
cients; remains of old times; old age.
ANTISCOREUTICAL, an-t4-skor-b6-t^-kal, adj.
Good against the scuny.
ANTISPASIS, an-tls-pa-sls, s. The revulsion of any
humour.
ANTISPASMODICK, an-te-spaz-mSd£]k, adj. That
which has the power of relieving the cramp.
ANTISPASTICK, an-t^-spas-tik, adj. Medicines
which cause a revulsion.
ANTISPLENETICK, an-td-spl£-n£t-ik, adj. Efficaci-
ous in disea-.es of the spleen.
ANTISTROPHE, an-tisi.tr6-f£, s. In an ode sung in
parts, the second stanza of every three.
ANTISTRUMATICK, an-t£-stri-mai-lk, adj. Good
against the king's evil.
ANTITHESIS, an.ti^ie-sls, S. Opposition ; contrast
ANTITYPE, anitd tlpe, s. That which is resembled
or shadowed out by the type. A term of theology.
ANTITYPICAL, an-ie-tlp^e-kal, adj. That which
explains the type.
ANCrrVENEREAL, an.»£-v£-rid-r£-al, adj. Good a-
gainst the venereal disease.
ANTLER, anti-lur, s. Branch of a stag's horn.
ANTOECI, an-t^cis.1, s. 296. Those inhabitants of
the earth who live under the same meridian, at the
same distance from the equator ; the one towards the
north, and the other to the south.
ANTONOMASIA, an-t6-no-ma-zhd-a, *. 453. A
form of speech, in which, for a proper name, is put the
name of some dignity. We say the Orator for Ciceio.
ANTRE, an-'&r, s. 416. A cavern, a den.
ANVIL, anivll, s. The iron block on which the smith
lays hi-; metal to be forged ; any tiling on which blows
arc laid.
ANXIETY, Ang-zW-te, s. 479. 480. Trouble of
mind about some future event, solicitude ; deuresiioB.
lowuess of .-pii Us.
APO 26 APO
559. Kite 73, fir, 77 fall 85, fit 81 — ml 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, m3ve 164,
ANXIOUS, ank-shfis, atlj. 480. Disturbed about
tome uncertain event : careful, full of inquietude.
INXIOUSLY, ank^shfis-1^, adv. Solicitously, un-
quietly.
AsxiOUSNESS, ank£sli&s-n£s, s. The quality of be-
ing anxious.
ANY, £u-ii(i, adj. 89. Every, whoever, whatever.
AONIAN, a-i-n^-an, adj. Beltmging to the hill Par-
nassus, the supposed residence of the muses.
AORIST, a^A-rlst, s. Indefinite. A tense in the
Greek language.
AORTA, a-oi-ia, s. 92. The great artery which
rises immediately out of the left ventricle of the heart.
APACE, a-pas»/ adv. Quickly, speedily; hastily.
APART, a-part/ adv. Separately from the rest in
place ; in a state of distinction ; at a distance, retired
from the other company.
APARTMENT, a-pirt-m£nt, s. A room ; a set of
rooms.
APATHY, ap-A-M£, S. Exemption from passion.
APE, ape, *. A kind of monkey ; an imitator.
T i APE, ape, v. a. To imitate, as an ape imitates
human actions.
APEAK, a-p«5ke,' adv. In a posture to pierce the
ground.
APENNINE, ap£p£n-nlne, *. A vast ridge of moun-
tains running through Italy.
APEPSY, ap'-£p-s£, *. 503. A loss of natural con-
coction.
A PER, a-p£r, s. A ridiculous imitator or mimick.
APERIENT, a-p£-r^-£nt, adj. Gently purgative.
APERITIVE, a-p^r-d-tlv, adj. That which has the
quality of opening.
APERT, a-pert,' adj. Open.
APERTION, a-p£r-shfin, s. An opening; a passage,
a gap ; the act of opening.
APFRTLY, &.p£rt-le, adv. Openly.
APERTNESS, a-p£rt-n£s, s. Openness.
APERTURE, api&r-tshure, s. 460. 463. The act of
opening ; an open place.
APETALOUS, a-pSi-a-l&s, adj. 314. Without flower-
leaves.
APEX, aip£ks, s. The tip or point.
APH.ERliSis, i-f6r^-sls, s. 1 24. A figure in gram-
mar that takes away a letter or syllable from the begin-
ning of a word.
APHELION, a-fe-l£-&n, s. That part of the orbit
of a planet in which it is at the point remotest from the
Want of
. Re-
sun.
A PHILANTHROPY,
love to mankind.
APHORISM, af-o-rlzm, s. 503. A maxim, an un-
connected posit ion.
APHORISTICAL, af-6-rl-.if£-kal, adj. Written in se-
parate unconnected sentences.
APHORISTICALLY, af-&-riA&-kal-!£, adv. In the
form of an aphorism.
APHROBISIACAL, alifrA-d^-zi-A-kal, } ..
APHRODISIACK, af-frA-dizhie-ak, 451. \ J'
lating to the venereal disease.
APIARY, a-p»i-a-iti, s. 534. The place where bees
are kept
APIECE, a-p^esc,' adv. To the part or share of
each.
APISH, aipisli, adj. Having the qualities of an ape,
imitative ; foppish, affected ; silly, trifling j wanton,
playful.
APISHLY, a-plsh ]&, adv. In an apish manner.
APISHNESS, a-plsh-nds, j. Mimickry, foppery.
APITPAT, a-plt-pat, adv. With quick palpitation.
APOCALYPSE, a p&k-a-llps, s. Revelation, a word
used only of the sacred writings.
APOCALYPTICAL, a-p&k-a-lipiti-kal, adj. Con-
taining revelation.
APOCOPE, a-pik£A-p£, *. A figure, when the last
letter or syllable is taken away.
APOCHUSTICK, Aj)-6.kr6b-uk, adj. Repelling and
astiingent.
APOCRYPHA, a-pik-r^-fa, s. 92. Books added to
the sacred writings, of doubtful authors.
APOCRYPHAL, a-pok-re-fil, adj. Not canonical,
of uncertain authority; contained in the Apocrypha.
APOCRYPHALLY, a-p&k-rd-fal-l£, adv. Uncer-
tainly.
APOCRYPHALNESS, a-pokir£-fal-n£s, s. Uncer-
tainty.
APODICTICAL, ip-A-dikitti-kll, adj. Demonstra.
live.
APODIXIS, ap-A-dik-sis, s. 527. Demonstration.
A point in the
APOG-ION, ap.<4-j(Kdu, 527.
APOGEE, ap-6-j£,
heavens, in which the sun, or a planet, is at the great-
est distance possible from the earth in its whole rcvolu-
tion.
APOLOGETICAL, ap-p&l 6 .,-._. — , , .
APOLOGETICK, a-pil-o-j^i-Ik,
which is said in defence of any thing,
APOLOGIST, a-pol-o-jlst, 4. One who makes an a-
pology.
To APOLOGIZE, a-p&liA-jize, v. n. To plead hi
favour.
APOLOGUE, ap-A-log, s. 338. 503. Fable, story
contrived to teach some moral truth.
APOLOGY, a-p&fei-je, s. 518. Defence, excuse.
APOMECOMETEY, ap£o-rr,iJ-k5njim£-tr^, s. 527.
The art of measuring things at a distance.
APONEUROSIS, a-p5n-n6-r6-b!s, s. An expansion
of a nerve into a membrane.
APOPHASIS, a-p&fiu-sis, s. 520. A figure by which
the orator seems to wave what he would plainly insi-
nuate.
AropHi.EGMATiCK, ap-A -flSgima.tlk, adj. 510.
Drawing away phlegm.
AFOPHLEGMATISM, ap-6-fiSg^ma-tlzm, s. A me-
dicine to draw phlegm.
APOPHTHEGM, ap-6-//iS'.n, s. 503. A remarkable
saying.
APOPHYGE, a-p&f£&-j£, s. That part of a column
where it begins to spring out of its base ; the spring of
a column.
APOPHYSIS, a-pof'4-sls, s. 520. The prominent
parts of some bones ; the same as process.
Aropi.ECTiCAL.-ap-o-plek-c-kal,
APOPLECTICK, ap-6-pl6k-i!k,
to an apoplexy.
APOPLEXY, ap^A-pl^k-s^, s. 517. A sudden de-
privation of all sensation.
APORIA, a-|io-i£-a, *. 505. 92. A figure by which
the speaker doubts where to begin.
APORRHOEA, ap-p6r-rd-a, *. 92. Effluvium, &.
rnanation.
APOSIOPESIS, a-p&zh-£-6-p&*ls, s. 520. 526. A
form of speech by which the speaker, through some
affection or vehcmency, breaks oft' his speech.
APOSTACY, a-pos^-ta-s^, «. Departure from what
a man has professed ; it is generally applied to reli-
gion.
APOSTATE, a-pSs-tate, s. 91. One that has forsa-
ken his religion.
APOSTATICAL, ap-p5s-tat-&-kal, adj. After the
manner of an apostate.
To APOSTATIZE, a-p&sita-tize, v. n. To forsake
one's religion.
To APOSTEMATE, a-p&site-rr.ate, v. n. 91. To
swell and corrupt into matter.
APOSTEMATION, a-pos-t^-maishun, s. The ga-
thering of a hollow purulent tumour.
APOSTEME, ap^o-stemo, s. 503. A hollow swelling,
an abscess.
APOSTLE, a-poa-sl, s, 472. 405. A person sent
(elating
APP
27
APP
nor 167, nit 163 — t&be 171, lib 172, bfill 173—311 299— pSftnd 313 — tfiin 466 — Tllis 469.
with mandates, particularly applied to them whom our
Saviour deputed to preach the gospel-
Jt^?" This word is sometimes heard In .the pulpit, as if
divided into a-po-stle ; the second syllablelike the first of
po-ct. If Ihe long quantity of the n, in the Latin apo-itolus,
is urged for a similar length in the English apostle, let us
only turn to No. ,i37 of the Principles, and we shall see
the futility of arguing from the Latin quantity to ours.
If these reasons are not satisfactory, it is hoped that those
who are abettors of this singular pronunciation will alter
t-pis-lle into e-pi-stle, the second syllable like pie, and then
iheir reason and practice will be uniform.
APOSTLESHIP, a-pos^sl-sl)Ip, *. The office or dig-
nity of an apostle.
APOSTOLICAL, ap-pos-t&l-e-kal, adj. Delivered
by the ajxistles.
APOSTOLICAI.LY, ap-5s-tolie-kal-le, adv. In the
manner of the apostles.
APOSTOLICK, ap-5s-iil-llk, adj. 509. Taught by
the apostles.
APOSTROPHE, a-p&s£ti6-fe, s. 518. In rhetorick,
a diversion of speech to another person than the speech
appointed did intend or require ; in grammar, the con-
traction of a word by the use of a comma, as tho' for
though.
To APOSTROPHIZE, a-pis^tro-flze, v. a. To ad-
dress by an apostrophe.
APOSTUME, apio-stiime, s. 503. A hollow tumour
filled with purulent matter.
APOTHECARY, a-p<WA;-ka-re, s. 47O. A man
whose employment is to keep medicines for sale.
(£5" There is a corrupt pronunciation of this word, not
confined to the vulgar, as if it were written Apotecary.
APOTHEGM, ap-A-M&n, s. 503. A remarkable
saying.
APOTHEOSIS, ap-A-Me^A-sis, s. Deification.
Jf5» This word, like Metamorpliosii, has deserted its La-
tin accentuation on the penultimate syllable, and return-
ed to its original Greek accent on the antepenultimate.
See Princip'es, No. 5l'3. The other words of this termi-
nation, as Anar/iplosis, Antintosis, &c. retain the Latin
accent, though all these wonts in Greek have the accent
on the antepenultimate, This accentuation on the antepe-
nultimate is so agreeable to the genius of our own tongue,
that it is no wonder it is so prevalent. Johnson, Sheri-
dan, Kenrick, Ash, Scott, Buchanan, Bailey, and Perry,
jiave adopted it as I have done ; and only Smith, Bar-
clay, and Entick, accent the penultimate. So eminent
a poet as Garth approves of the choice I have made, where
he says,
" Allots the prince of his celestial line
" An itpntlitoris, and rites divine."
APOTOME, iUpot-6-me, s. The remainder or differ-
ence of two incommensurable quantities.
APOZEM, Spi<i-z£rn, s. 503. A decoction.
To APPAL, ap-pill,' v. a. 406. To fright, to de-
press.
}£J- Dr. Johnson tells us, that this word might more
properly have been written Appale ; and we find Bacon,
in his history of Henry VII. actually writes theeompound
Appalement. Whether Johnson founds his opinion upon
the pale colour which fear generally produces, or upon
the derivation of the word from the French Aprallr, it
cannot be certainly known ; but this is certain, that this
word has been so often rhymed with all, ball, fall, &e.
that such a change as Dr. Johnson recommends would
be attended with no small inconvenience. It may be oil-
served too, that spelling this word with single I as he has
done, is at variance with its general pronunciation : for
one I, when final, does not broaden the a like that in all,
but leaves it in the sound of that vowel in fal-low, tal-low,
&c. Considering therefore that the pronunciation of this
word is so irrevocably fixed, it is but borrowing an I from
the Latin Pattto to make the sound and the spelling ex-
actly correspond. We are often fond of neglecting the
French for the Latin etymology when there is no neces-
sity,— in the present case such a preference would be com-
mendable.
APPALMENT, ap-pall-metit, s. Depression, impres-
sion of fear.
APPANAGE, apipa-naje, s. 90. 503. Lands set a-
part for the maintenance of younger children.
APPARATUS, ap-pa-ra-tfis, *. Those things which
are provided for the accomplishment of any purpose ;
as, the tools of a trade, the furniture of a house ; equi-
page, show.
APPAREL, ap-par^el, *. Dress, vesture ; external
habiliments.
To APPAREL, ap-pari£l, v. a. To dress, to clothe,
to cover, or deck.
APPARENT, ap-pa-re'nt, adj. Plain, indubitable,
seeming, not real; visible; open, discoverable; cer-
tain, not presumptive.
APPARENTLY, ap-paire'nt-ld, adv. Evidently, o-
penly.
APPARITION, ap-pa-rishi&n, *. Appearance, visi-
bility : a visible object; a spectre, a walking spirit;
something only apparent, not real; the visibility of
some luminary.
APPARITOR, ap-par^e-t&r, *. 98. The lowest offi.
cer of the ecclesiastical court.
To APPAY, ap-pa/ v. a. To satisfy.
To AFPEACH, ap-petsh,' v. a. To accuse ; to cen-
sure, to reproach.
APPEACHMENT, ap-p£tsh£.in£nt, s. Charge exhi-
bited against any man.
To APPEAL, ap-pele,' v. n. To transfer a causa
from one to another ; to call another as witness.
APPEAL, ap-pelt ,' S. A removal of a cause from an
inferior to a superior court ; in the common law, an
accusation ; a call upon any as witness.
APPEALANT, ap-pel-lant, s. He that appeals.
To APPEAR, ap-pere,' v. n. To be in sight, to be
visible; to become visible as a spirit ; to exhibit one'i
self before a court ; to seem, in oppwitiou to reality ;
to be plain beyond dispute.
APPEARANCE, ap-pe-ranse, s. The act of coming
into sight; the thing seen; semblance, not reality;
outside show ; entry into a place or company; exhibi-
tion of the person to a court ; presence, mien ; proba-
bility, likelihood.
APPEARER, ap-pe-r&r, s. 98. The person that ap-
pears.
APPEASABLE, ap-peiza-bl, adj. 405. Reconcileable.
APPEASABLENESS, ap-pe-za-bl-n£s, s. Reconcile-
ablcnes*.
To APPEASF, ap-peze,' v. a. To quiet, to put in a
state of peace ; to pacify, to reconcile.
APPEASEMENT, ip-peze-meut, s. A state of
peace.
APPEASER, ap-pe-z&r, s. 98. He that pacifies, ha
that quiets disturbances.
APPELLANT, ap-peli)ant, s. A challenger; on«
that appeals from a lower to a higher power.
APPELLATE, ap-pel-late, i. 91. The person ap-
pealed against,
APPELLATION, ap-pel-laisl>5n, *. Name.
APPELLATIVE, ap-pel-la-tlv, s. 157. A name
common to all of the same kind or species; as man,
horse.
APPELLATIVELY, ap-pel-la-tlv-le, adv. Accord-
ing to the manner of nouns appellative.
APPELLATORY, ap-pe!ila-tfrr-re, adj. 512. That
which contains an appeal.
APPELLEE, a-p^l-le/ s. One who is accused.
To APPEND, ap-p^nd,' v. a. To hang any thing
upon another ; to add to something as an accessory.
APPENDAGE, ap-pSnidaje, «. 90. Something add-
ed to another thing, without being necc.ssary to its es-
sence.
ApPENDANT, ap-pe'n-dant, adj. Hanging to some,
thing else; annexed, concomitant.
APPENDANT, ap-p^n-dint, s. An accidental or ad-
ventitious part.
To APPENDICATE, ap-penW£-kate, v. a. 91. To
add to another thing.
APPENDICATION, ap-pe'n-de-kaibhun, s. 459.
Annexion.
APPENDIX, ap-p^n^dlks, S. Something appended
or added ; an adjunct or concomitant.
To APPERTAIN, ^p-per-tane,' v. n. To belong to
as of right ; to belong to by nature.
APPERTAINMENT, ap-peV-tane-n £nt, s. That
which belongs to any rank or dignity.
APP
28
APP
559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fat 81— rr.i 93, niSt 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 1 62. rri3v» 1 64,
To APPRAISE, ap-pr«\ze/ v. a. To R.>taprice upon
any thing.
APPRAISEMENT, up-praze-mdnt, t. The act of ap-
praising ; a valuation.
APPRAISER, ap-pra-z&r, s. 98. A person appoint-
ed to set a price on things to be sold.
To APPRECIATE, aj'-preislie-ate, 7. n.
Jt^n- This word is not in Johnson ; and Bailey, who has
it, seems not to have given its present signification, for he
explains it, "to set a high vnlue or esteem upon ary
thing ;" for my recollection fails me, if it has not been
generally used in the sense of the French word it comes
from, Apprecier, to appraise, to rate, to value, to decia.re
the just price of any thing, as nearly synonymous to the
English word to estimate.
APPRECIABLE, ap-pr££sl:e-a-bl, adj.
Jt^f This word is the genuine offspring of the former ;
ancHf we admit the parent, we cannot refuse the child,
especially as the latter seems of more use than theformer ;
for though we may pretty well supply the place of appre-
ciate by estimate, we have not so good a word as appre-
ciable to express the capability of being estimated.
To APPREHEND, ap-pr£-h5nd,' v. a. To lay hold
on ; to seize, in order for trial or punishment ; to con-
ceive by the mind ; to think on with terror, to fear.
APPREHENDER, ap-pre-henitiar, s. One who ap-
prehends.
APPREHENSIBLE, ap-pi£-h£n-se-bl, adj. 160.
That which may be apprehended or conceived.
APPREHENSION, ap-pr£-h£n-sh&n, s. The mete
contemplation of things; opinion, sentiment, conee]>-
tion ; the faculty by which we conceive new ideas ; fear ;
suspicion of something ; seizure.
APPREHENSIVE, ap-pr£-hen-slv, adj. 158. Quick
to understand ; fearful.
APPREHENSIVELY, ap-prd-h£n£siv-l£, adv. In an
apprehensive manner.
APPREHENSIVENESS, ap-pr£-h£n-slv-n£s, s The
quality of being apprehensive.
APPRENTICE, ip-prSnWs, s- 14O. 142. One that
is bound by covenant to serve another man of trade,
upon condition that the tradesman shall, in the mean
time, endeavour to instruct him in his art.
To APPRENTICE, <\p-pi£n-iis, v. a. To put out to
a master as an apprentice.
ArPRENTlCEHOOD, ap-pr£n-tls-hfid, s. The years
of an r.ppreulice'3 servitude.
APPRENTICESHIP, £p-p £.. ids-ship, s. The yean
which an apprentice is to pass under a master.
To APPRIZE, ap-piizi,' v. a. To inform.
To APPROACH, ap-protsh/ v. n. To draw near lo-
cally ; to draw near, as time ; to make a progress to-
wards, mentally.
To APPROACH, ap-pritsh,' v. a. To bring near to.
A PPROACH, ap-p r<itsli,' s. The act of drawing near ;
access ; means of advancing.
APPROACHER, ap-pr^tsb&r, s. 98. The person
that approaches.
APPROACHMENT, ap-protsh£m£nt, s. The act of
coming near.
APPROBATION, ap-pr6 ba-»lifin, s. The act of ap-
proving, or expressing himself pleased ; the liking of
any thing ; attestation, support.
AppROOF, ap-pruOt',' s. Commendation. Obsolete.
To APPROPINQUE, ap-pro-pink,' v. n. To draw
near to. Not in use.
APPROPRIABLE, ap-proipr£-a-bl, adj. That which
may be appropriated.
To APPROPRIATE, ap-proipr^-ate, v. n. 91. To
consign to some particular use or person ; to claim or
exercise an exclusive right; to make peculiar, to an-
nex; in law, to alienate a benefice.
APPROPRIATE, Ap-pr6ipre-ate, adj. 91. Peculiar,
consigned to some particular use or person.
APPROPRIATION, ap-pro pr^-aisl)up,«. Thesppli-
cation of something toaparticular purpose; the claim
of any thing as peculiar; the fixing of a particu,
nification to a word ; in law, a severing of a benefice ec-
clesiastical to the proper and perpetual use of some reli-
gious house, or dean and chapter, bishopriek, or coilt-jje
APPERTENANCE, ap-p4r-t£-nanse, *. That which
belongs to another thiv.g.
APPLRTINENT, ap-p£r-i£-n3nt, ail). Belonging, re-
lating to.
APPETENCE, fP^f"^ J ,. Carna, desire.
APPETENCY, ap-pe-ten-se, \
API-LABILITY, ap-I^Jt-t^-biW-t^, s. The quality
of Ix-ing desirab'e.
APPF.TLBLE, ap-p«*-te-bl, adj. 405. Desirable.
APPETITE, ap-pt-tlte, s. 155. The natural desire
ofgiod; the desire of sensual pleasure; violent long-
ing ; keenness of stomach, hunger.
APPETITION, ip-pd-tlsb&tt, s. 507. Desire.
APPETITIVE, apipe-t£-tlv, adj. That desires.
2'» APPLAUD, ap-plUwd,' u. a. To praise by clapping
the hands ; to praise in general.
Arpl.AUDER, ap-plawi<l&r, s. 98. He that praises
or commends.
A PPLAUSE, ip-pllwz/ s. Approbation loudly express-
ed.
APPLAUSIVE, ap-plawizlv, adj. 428. Applaud-
ing.
APPLE, ip-pl, s. 405. The fruit of the apple-tree ;
the pupil of the eye.
APPLKWOMAN, ipipl-wfim-&n, s. A woman that
sells apples.
APPLIABLE, ap-pll-a-bl, adj. 405. That which
may be applied.
APPLIANCE, ap-pll-anse, s. The act of applying, the
thir.g applied.
APPLICABILITY, apipl^-ki-bll^e-ti, s. The quali-
ty of being fit to be applied.
APPLICABLE, ip-ple-ki-bl, adj. That which may
be applied.
APPI.ICABLKNESS, apipl£-ka-bl-n£s, s. Fitness to
be applied.
APPLICABLY, ap-pl£-ka-b'£, adv. In such manner
as that it may be properly applied.
Al'PLICATE, apipl^-kaie, *. 91. A right line drawn
across a curve, so as to bisect the diameter.
APPLICATION, ip-ple-ka-shfm, s. The act of ap-
plying anv thing to another; the tiling applied; the
act of applying to any person as a petitioner; the em-
ployment of any means for a certain end ; intenscness
ot" thought, cloie study j attention to some particular
affair.
APPLICATIVE, ap-pl£-ka-tlv, adj. 512. Belong-
ing to application.
Apfl.ICATORY, a}>Ve-]<a-tur-£, adj. 512. Be-
longing to the act of applying.
To APPLY, a-pli,' v. a. To put one thing to ano-
ther ; to lay medioarrents upon a wound; to make use
of as relative or suiiable; toput to a certain use; to fix
the mind upon, to study ; to have recourse to, as a pe-
titioner ; to ply, to keep at work.
To APPOINT, ap-p6iiii,' v. a. To fix any thing; to
cstab!i!.li any thing by decree ; to furnish in all points,
to equip.
APPOINTER, ap-polni|&r, s. 98. He that settles
or hxe-.
APPOINTMENT, ap-polntirK^nt, s. Stipulation ; de-
cree, establishment ; direction, order ; equipment, fur-
niture ; an allowance paid to any man.
To APPORTION, Ip-pire^shfin, v.a. To set out in
just proportions.
APPORTIONMENT, ap-p6reish&n-m£nt, *. A di-
viding into portions.
Tit APPOSE, ap-pAze,' 0. a. To put questions to.
APPOSITE, ap-pi-zit, adj. 156. Proper, fit, well
adapted.
APPOSITELY, ap-p6-ztt-l£, adv. Properly, fitly,
suitably.
APPOSITENESS, apipi-zlt-n £s, «. Fitness, propriety,
suitableness.
APPOSITION, ap-pi-zlshi&n, s. The addition of
new matter ; in grammar, the putting of two nouns in
the same uu«.
ARA
29
ARC
n5r 1(57, nit IfiS— tibe 171, t&b 172, bfill 173 — 611 299 — pSftnd 313 — thin 466— THIS 469.
ArpROPRIATOR, ap-pi6-pr£-a-t&r, *. 98. He that
is possessed of an appropriated benefice.
APPROVAELE, ap-proo^va-bl, adj. 405. That
which merits approbation.
APPROVAL, ap-pr6Sival, s. Approbation.
APPROVANCE, ap-proo-vanse, s.
Not in use.
Approbation.
To APPROVE, ap-pr35v/ v. a. To like, to be pleas.
edwith; to express liking; to prove, to show; to ex-
perience; to make worthy of approbation.
APPROVEMENT, ap-proSv'ment, s. Approbation,
liking.
APPROVER, ap-proo^v&r, s. 98. He that approves ;
he that makes trial ; in law, one that, confessing felo-
ny of himself, accuses another.
To APPROXIMATE, ap-pr6ks^-mate, v. n. 91.
To approach, to draw near to.
his word, as a verb, is not In Johnson ; but its
vcrv frequent use among good writers and speakers is a
lufficient authority for its insertion here, without the
trouble of searching for a precedent.
APPROXIMATE, ip-pr&ksie-mate, adj. Near to.
APPROXIMATION, ap-pr&k-sd-maisb&n, s. Ap-
proach to any thing; continual approach nearer still,
and nearer to' the quantity sought.
APPULSE, apip&lse, s. The act of striking against
any thing.
APPURTENANCE, ap-p&r-t4-nanse, *. That which
belongs to something else, which is considered as the
principal.
APRICOT, or APRICOCJC, a-prd-k&t, *. A kind of
wall fruit.
fc$" The latter manner of writing this word Is grown
vulgar.
APIUL, a-pril, s. The fourth month of the year,
January counted first.
APRON, aip&rn, s. 417. A cloth hung before, to
keep the other dress clean, or for ornament.
APRON, a-pfirn, s. 417. A piece of lead which co-
vers the touch-hole of a great gun.
APRONED, aip&i nd, adj. 362. Wearing an apron.
APSIS, ap-sls, s. The higher apsis is denominated
aphelion, or apogee ; the lower, perihelion, or perigee.
APT, apt, adj. Fit; having a tendency to; inclin-
ed to, led to ; ready, quick, as an apt wit ; qualified
for.
To APTATE, ap-tate, v. a. 91. To make fit.
APTITUDE, ap-t^- tide, s. Fitness; tendency; dis-
position.
APTLY, aptil£, adv. Properly, fitly ; justly, perti-
nently ; readily, acutely ; as, he learned his business
very aptly.
APTNESS, apt-n^s, s. Fitness, suitableness ; dispo-
sition to any thing; quickness of apprehension; ten-
dency.
APTOTE, ip-lAte, s. A noun which is not declined
with eases.
AQUA, aikwa, s. 92. Water.
AQUA-FORTIS, ak-kua-f'5ritis, s. A corrosive li-
quor made by distilling purified nitre with calcined vi-
triol.
AQUA-MARINA, ak-kwa-ma-rUna, *. The beryl
ak-k wa-viife, s. Brandy.
AQUATICK, a k«a'-lk, adj. That which inhabits
the water ; that which grows in the water.
AQUATILE, akikwa-tll, adj. 145. 503. That
which inhabits the water.
AQUEDUCT, akikxv^-d&kt, s. A conveyance made
for carrying water.
AQUEOUS, aikw^-Ss, adj. 534. Watery.
AQUEOUSNESS, a-kw^-is-n^s, *. Watcrishness.
AQUILINE, ak£\v£-l]n, adj. 145. Resembling an
eagle ; when applied to the nose, hooked.
AQUOSE, a-kwosi/ adj. Watery.— See Appendix.
AQUOSITY, a-
s. 511. Wateriness.
ARABIC, ar-i-blk, adj. Of Arabia, written in its
language.
ARABLE, ar-a-bl, adj. 405. Fit for tillage.
£$- The a in the first syllable of this word has the short
sound as much as if the r were double. The same may
be observed of every accented a before r, followed by a
vowel, 81, 168.
ARANEOUS, a-ra-n^-fis, adj. Resembling a cobweb.
A RATION, a-ra-sh5n, s. The act or practice of
ploughing.
AHATORY, aria-t&r-r£, adj. 512. That which con-
tributes to tillage.
AHBALIST, Ar^ba-llst, s. 503. A cross bow.
ARBITER, ir-b& t&r, s. 98. A judge appointed by
the parties, to whose determination they voluntarily
submit; a judge.
ARBITRABLE, ar-b^-tra-bl, adj. Arbitrary, depend-
ing upon the will
ARBITRAMENT, ar-bi;itra-m£nt, s. Will, deter-
mination, choice.
ARBITRARILY, aiib£-tra-r&-l£, adv. With no o-
thcr rule than the will ; despotically, absolutely.
ARBITRARINESS, aiib£-tra-r£-nis, s. Despotical-
ness.
ARBITRARIOUS, ar-b£-trair£-is, adj. Arbitrary,
depending on the will.
ARBITRARIOUSLY, ar-b<Urair£-&s-14, adv. Ac-
cording to mere will and pleasure.
ARBITRARY, arib£-tra-r£, adj. Despotick, abso-
lute ; depending on no rule, capricious.
To ARBITRATE, arib^-trate, v. a. 91. To decide,
to determine ; to judge of.
ARBITRATION, ar-be-traish&n, s. The determina-
tion of a cause by a judge mutually agreed on by the
parties.
ARBITRATOR, arib£-tra-t&r, 3. 521. An extraor.
dinary judge between party and party, chosen by their
mutual consent ; a governor ; a president ; he tfiat hat
the power of acting by his own choice ; the determi-
ner.
ARBITREMENT, ar-bltitr£-m£nt, *. Decision, de-
termination ; compromise.
ARBITRESS, arM)4-tr£ss, s. A female arbiter.
ARBORARY, ar-bo-ra-rd, adj. 512. Of or belong-
ing to a tree.
AHBORET, atibA-r£t, s. A small tree or shrub.
ARBORIST, ar^b6-rlst, s. A naturalist who makes
trees his study.
ARBOROUS, aribo-r&s, adj. 314. Belonging to
trees.
ARBOUR, arib&r, s. 314. A bower.
ARBUSCLE, arib&s-sl, s. 351. 405. Any little
shrub.
ARBUTE, ar-b&te,' s. Strawberry tree.
ARC, ark, s. A segment, a part of a circle ; an arch.
ARCADE, ar-kaiie^s. A continued arch.
ARCANUM, ar-ka^nftm, s. 503. (Plural Arcana).
A secret.
ARCH, artsh, s. Part of a circle, not more than the
half; a building in form of a segment of a circle, used
for bridges ; vault of heaven ; a chief.
To ARCH, artsh, v. a. To build arches; to cover
with arches.
ARCH, artsh, adj. Chief, of the first class ; waggish,
mirthful.
ARCHANGEL, ark-aneij£l, *. 354. One of the
highest order of angels. f
JO" The accent is sometimes on the first syllable,
though not so properly.
ARCHANGEL, ark-aneij£l, s. A plant, dcadnettle.
AHCHANGELICK, ark-an-j3lilik, adj. Belonging to
archangels.
ARCHBEACON, artsh- be^kn, *. 170. The chief
place of prospect, or of signal.
ARCHBISHOP, artsh-bUhi&p, s. 354. A bishop of
the first class, who superintends the conduct of other
bishoi« his suffragans.
Ar.CHiiisHOPRiCK, artsh-blshi&p-rik, s. Thestate.
province, or jurisdiction of an archbishop.
K
ARD
30
ARI
559. Fate TS, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — me 93, mSt 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — ni 163, reSve 164,
ARDUITY, ar-dW-t£, *. Height, difficulty.
ARDUOUS, ar-jft is, adj. 293. 376. Lofty, hard
n£s, s. 293. 376. Height,
AhCHCHANTEB, artsh-tshanitir, s The chief chan-
ter.
ARCHDEACON, artsh-d&.kn, s. 170. One that sup.
plies the bishop's place and office.
ARCHDEACONRY, artsh-dt^kn-r£, s. The office or
jurisdiction of an archdeacon.
ARCHDEACONSHIP, artsh-d&kn-shlp, *. The of-
fice of an archdeacon.
ARCHDUKE, artsh-diike,' s. A title given to princes
of Austria and Tuscany.
ARCHDUCHESS, artsh-d&tshi£-i, s. The sister or
daughter of the archduke of Austria.
ARCHPHILOSOFHER, artsh-fe-lii-A-f&r, s. Chief
philosopher.
ARCHPRELATE, artsb-pr&ilate, *. 91. chief pre-
late.
ARCHPRESBYTEB, artsb-pr£sibd-t£r, s. Chief pres-
byter.
ARCHAIOLOGY, ar-ka-Sli6-j<*, s.5lS. A discourse
of antiquity.
.ARCHAIOLOGICK, ar-ka-i-lfidijik, adj. Relating
to a discourse on antiquity.
ARCHAISM, arika-Izm, s. 353. An ancient phrase
ARCHED, dr-tsh^d, part. adj. Bent in the form of
an arch.
ft5- Words of this form are colloquially pronounced in
one syllable; and this syllable is one of the harshest that
ean be imagined, for it sounds as if written artiht, 559.
ARCHER, artshi&r, *. He that shoots with a bow.
ARCHERY, artsh-&r-4, s. The use of the bow; the
act of shooting with the bow ; the art of an archer.
ARCHES COURT, artsh££z-cArr, s. The chief and
most ancient consistory that belongs to the archbishop
or Canterbury, for the debating of spiritual causes.
ARCHETYPE, irMci-tipe, s. 354. The original of
which any resemblance is made.
ARCHETYPAL, ar-ke-tl-pal, adj. Original.
AKCHECS, ar-k&iis, «. 353. A power that preside*
over the animal economy.
ARCHIDIACONAL, ar-k<Udl-ak-6-naI, adj. Be-
longing to an archdeacon.
ARCHIEPISCOPAL, ar-kt^-pls^ko-pal, adj. 354.
Belonging to an arthhishop.
ARCHITECT, arMtd-t£kt, s. 354. A professor of the
art of building ; a builder; the contriver of any thing.
ARCHITECTIVE, ar-k£-t£kitlv, adj. That performs
the woik of architecture.
ARCHITECTONICK, ar-kd-t&-t6ninlk, adj. 509.
That which has the power or skill of an architect.
ARCHITECTURAL, ar-k<U£k-tshu-ral, adj. Be-
longing to architecture.
ARCHITECTURE, £iik£-t£k-tshtare, s. 461. The
art or science of building ; the effect or performance of
the science of building.
ARCHITRAVE, ariktLtrave, i. The part of a co-
lumn which lies immediately upon the capital, and is
the lowest men.ber of the entablature.
ARCHIVES, arikivz, s. 354. The places where re-
cords or ancient writings are kept.
ARCHWISE, aitsh-wize, adj. 354. In the form of
an arch.
AKCTATION, irk-ta-sh&n, s. Confinement.
ARCUCK, arfcitlk, adj. Northern.
ARCUATE, arMti-aus adj. 91. Bent in the form of
an arch.
AUCUATION, ar-ki-a~>h&n, s. The act of bending
any thniij, incurvation ; the state of beine bent curvi-
ty, or crookedness.
ARCUBALISTEH, ar-kfc-baliis-tiir, s. A cross-bow
BUB.
ARDENCY, arid£n-s4, i. Ardour, eagerness.
ARDENT, ar^nt, adj. Hot, burning, fiery; fierce,
vehement ; passionate, affectionate.
ARDENTLY, aiAlc-nt-l^, adv. Eagerly, affectionately.
ARDOUR, ar^i&r, t. S14. Heat; heat of aQection,
at lo\ t, dotir*, courage.
to climb: difficult.
ARUUOUSNESS,
difficulty.
ARE, ar, 75. The plural of the present tense of th«
verb To be.
AREA, a^ri-a, «. 7O. 545. 534. The surface con-
tained between any lines or boundaries ; any open sur-
face.
To A READ, a-reW,' v. a. To advise, to direct
Little used.
AREFACTION, ar-re-fakishin, s. The state of
growing dry, the act of drying.
To AREFY,' iriii-f I, v. a- To dry.
ARENACEOUS, ar-i-naisL&s, 527. ? ,.
ARENOSE, ar-e-n6se/ ^ "'•
— See Appendix.
ARENULOUS, a-i£u-ii-]&s, adj. Full of small sand,
gravelly.
AREOPAGITE, a-re-Sp-a-jlte, s. 156. A judge of
the court of Areopagus in Athens.
AREOTICK, a re-6ti"ik, adj. 534. Such medicinei
as open the pores.
ARGENT, ar-j£nt, adj. Having the white colour
used in the armorial coats of gentlemen, knights, and
baronets; silver, bright like silver.
ARGIL, ar-jll, $. Potter's clay.
ARGILLACEOUS, ar-jil-laish&s, adj. Clayey, con-
sisting of argil, or potter's clay.
ABGILLOUS, ar-jll-lfcs, adj. 314. Consisting of
clay, clayish.
ARGOSY, arigA-s£, s. 503. A large vessel for mer-
chandise, a carrack.
To ARGUE, arigi, ». n. 355. To reason, to offer
reasons; to persuade by argument ; to dispute.
ABGUEB, ai£g6-ir, «. 98. A reasoner, a disputer,
ARGUMENT, ar-g&.-m£nt, s. A reason alleged for
or against any thing ; the subject of any discourse or
writing ; the contents of any work summed up by way
of abstract; controversy.
ARGUMENTAL, ar-gi-me'n-tal, adj. Belonging to
arguments.
ARGUMENTATION, ar-gft-m2n-ta£shin, *. Rea-
soning, the act of reasoning.
ARGUMENTATIVE, ar-gd-mgnita-tiv, adj. 512.
Consisting of argument, containing argument.
ARGUTE, ar-gjjte/ adj. Subtile, witty, sharp, snrill.
ARID, arMd, adj. 81. Dry, parched up. — See Ara-
bU.
ARIDITY, a-rldid^-te1, s. 511. Dryness, siccity; a
kind of insensibility in devotion.
ARIES, a-re-^z, & The ram ; one of the twelve signs
of the zodiack.
To ARIETATE, a-rW-tate, ». n. 91. To butt like
a ram.
Jf^f 1 have, in this word, followed Dr. Johnson, in pla-
cing the accent on the second syllable, and not on the
first, according to Mr. Sheridan, and Dr. Ash; but I do
not very well know for what reason, unless it he that words
of this termination derived from the Latin, generally pre-
serve the accent of the original. See Principles, No. 5(3.
AfilETATION, a-ri-^-taishfin, s. The act of butting
like a ram ; the act of battering with an engine called
a ram.-
ARIETTA, a-rd-e'i-ti, s. 534. A short air, song, or
tune.
ARIGHT, a-rite,' adv. 393. Rightly, without error ;
rightly, without crime; rightly, without failing of the
end designed.
ARIOLATION, a-re~6-la-shfin, s. 534. Sooth-saying.
2'o ARISE, a-rize/ v. n. jiret. arose, part, arisen.
To mount upward as the sun ; to get up as from sleep,
or from rest; to revive from death ; to eiuer upon a
new station; to commence hostility.
ARISTOCRACY, ar-ls-t?<kikra->.e, s. That form at
government which places the supreme power iii LLs no
Dies.
ARM
31
ARR
nor 167, n&t 163— trabe 171, t&b 175, bAll 173—611 299 — pflftnd 313— thin 4C<5— ml* 459.
ARISTOCRATS, ar-ls-t6-crat,' s. A favourer of aris-
tocracy.
K5» In the fury of the French revolution we took up
this word and its op)>osite Jte mocrate ; but if we could
have waited till they had been formed by our own ana-
logy, they would have been Aristocratist and Demncratist.
ARISTOCRATICAL, ar-rls-to-krat-t£ kal, adj. 544.
Relating to aristocracy.
ARISTOCRATICALNESS, ar-rls-td-kraiW-kal-nSs,
s. An aristocratical state.
AaiTHMANCY, a-rto-man-s£, s. A foretelling of
future events by numbers.
ARITHMETICAL, &r-]cft-m£t&id-kil, adj. 527. Ac-
cordins to the rules or methods of arithmetick.
ARITHMETICALLY, ar-7u/i-m<k-t£-kal-lii, adv. In
an arithmetical manner.
ARITHMETICIAN, a-il</j-md-tlsh-an, s. A master
ARITHMETICK, a-rl^-me-tlk, s. The science of num.
bers ; the art of computation.
JC5> There is a small, but a very general deviation from
this word, which lies in giving
accuracy in pronouncing this
the first t the sound of short e,
as if written arethmtt ck.
As this inaccuracy is but trilling, so it may be rectified
without any great'singularity.
ARK, irk, s. — See Art. 77. A vessel to swim
upon the water, usually applied to that in which Noah
was pre erved from the universal deluge ; the reposito-
ry of the covenant of God with the Jews.
ARM, arm, *. — See Art. The limb which reaches
from the hand to the shoulder ; the large bough of a
tree ; an inlet of water from the sea ; power, might, as
the secular ann.
To ARM, arm, v. a. See Art. To furnish with
armour of defence, or weapons of offence; to plate
with any thing that may add strength; to furnish, to
fit up.
To ARM, arm, v. n. — See Art. To take arms, to
provide against.
ARMADA, ar-ma^da, s. An armament for sea.— See
Lumbago.
ARMADILLO, ar-ma-dll-lA, s. A four-footed ani-
mal of Hrasil.
ARMAMENT, arima-m£nt, s. 5O3. A naval force.
ARMATURE, ar-ma-tshi'ire, s. 461. Armour.
ARMENTAL, ar m^n-tal, 1
ARMENTINE, arimSn-tlne, 149. 5 "*' Belon«ing
to a drove or herd of cattle.
ARMGAUNT, armigant, adj. 214. Slender as the
arm ; or rather, slender with want.
ARM-HOLE, arm-hAle, *. The cavity under the
shoulder.
ARM-3EROUS, ar-mld-j&r-r&'s, adj. Bearing arms,
ARM ILI.ARY, ar'-uill-la-re, adj. Resembling a brace-
let.— See Maxillary.
ARMILLATED, ar-mll-la t£d, adj. Wearing brace-
lets.
ARMINGS, arm-lngz, s. The same with waste clothes.
ARMIFOTENCE, ar-ml|>£6-t£nse, s. 518. Power in
war.
ARMIPOTENT, ar-mlp^-t£nt, adj. Mighty in war.
ARMISTICE,
503 142. A short truce.
ARMLET, arm-lit, s. A little arm; a piece of ar-
mour for the arm ; a bracelet for the arm.
ARMONIACK, ar-mo-ne-ak, s. 505. The name of
a salt
ARMORER, ar-m&r-ftr, s. 557. He that makes ar-
mour, or weanons; he that dresses another in armour.
ARMORIAL, ar-in&W-al, adj. Belonging to the
arms or escutcheon of a iamily.
ARMORY, arim&r-d, s. 557. The place in which
arms are deposited for use; annour, arms of defence;
ensigns armorial.
ARMOUR, ar-'.n&r, s. 314. Defensive arms.
ARMOUR-BEARER, aiin:ftr-bare-ur, *. He that
carries the armour of another.
ARMPIT, arm-pit, «.
shoulder.
The hollow plac« under the
ARMS, armz, s. 77. Weapons of offence, orarmouf
of defence; a state of hostility; war in general; ac-
tion, the act of taking arms ; the ensigns armorial of a
family.
ARMY, ar^mi, s. 482. A collection of armed men,
ot4iged to obey their generals ; a great number.
Spicy, fra-
AROMATICAL, ar-6-mat^-ka!,
AROMATICK, ar-6-roat-lk, 527.
grant, strong scented.
AROMATICKS, ar-6-mai-lks, «. 527. Spices.
AROMATIZATION, ar-i-mat-&-za-sl>5n, s. The act
of scenting with spices.
To AROMATIZE, aiirA-ma-tize, v. a. To scent
with spices, to impregnate with spices ; to scent, to per-
fume.
AROSE, a-r6ze^ 554. The preterite of the verb A-
rise.
AROUND, a-roind^ adv. In a circle, on every side.
AROUND, a-round,' prep. 545. About.
To AROUSE, a-rouzc/ v. a. To wake from sleep ;
to raise up, to excite. *
AROW, a-r6,' adv. 545. In a row.
AROYNT, a-rolnt,' adv. Be gone, away.
ARQUEBUSE, ari-kw^-bus, s. A hand gun.
ARQUEBUSIER, ar-kwt*-biis-£er,' s. 275. A sol-
dier armed with an arquebuse.
ARRACK, ar-rak/ s. A spirituous liquor.
To ARRAIGN, ar-rane,' v. a. To set a thing in or-
der, in its place ; a prisoner is said to be arraigned,
when he is brought forth to his trial; to accuse, to
charge with faults in general, as iu controversy or in
satire.
ARRAIGNMENT, ar-rane-m&n, s. The act of ar-
raign ing, a charge.
To ARRANGE, ar-ranje/ v. a. To put in the proper
order for any purpose.
ARRANGEMENT, ar-ranje£m£nf, s. The act of put-
ting in proper order, the state of being put in order.
ARRANT, arrant, adj. 81, 82^ Bad in a high de-
gree.
ARRANTLY, a-irant-!^, adv Corruptly, shamefully
ARRAS, ariras, s. 81, 82. Tapestry.
AftRAUGHT, ar-iawt//>ar£. adj. Seized by violence.
Out of use.
ARRAY, ar-ra/ s. Dress ; order of battle ; in law,
the ranking or setting in order.
To ARRAY, ar-ti/ v. a. To put in order; to deck,
to dress.
AllRAYERS, a-ia-iirs, s. Officers, who anciently had
the care of seeing the soldiers duly appointed in theit
armour.
ARREAR, ar-reei,' s. That which remains behind
unpaid, though due.
ARREARAGE, ar-reeiiaje, s. 90. The remainder of
an account.
ARRENTATION, ar-r£n-ia-bbun, s. The licensing
an owner of lands in the forest to enclose.
ARREPTITIOUS, ar-i £p-;lsh- &S, adj. Snatched a-
way; crept in privily.
ARREST, ar-rest/ s. In law, a stop or stay ; an ar-
rest is a restraint of a man's person ; any caption.
To ARREST,
v. a. To seize by a mandate
from a court; to seize any thing by law ; to seize, to
lay hands on ; to withhold, to hinder ; to stop motion.
ARRIERE, Ir-r^er,' s. The last body of an army.
ARRISION, ar-rlzliian, s. 451. A smiling upon.
ARRIVAL, ar-riival, s. The act of coming to any
place; the attainment of any purpose.
ARRIVANCE, ar-rl-vanse, s. Company coming.
To ARRIVE, ar-iivt-,' v. n. To come to any phca
by water; to reach any place by travelling; to reach
any point; to gain any thing ; Co happen.
To ARRODE, ar-rodt,' v. a. To gnaw, or nibble.
ARROGANCE, ariri-jjansp, 7
ARROC.ANCY, ai-n\ gan-se, \ s' act or *lu*
lily of taking much upon ont'» j»if.
ART
32
ASC
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m& 95— pine 105, pin 1O7— no 162, m6ve 164,
ARROGANT, ariri-gant, adj. 81, 82. Haughty,
proud.
ARROGANTLY, ariri-gint-14, adv. In an arrogant
manner.
ARROGANTNESS, ariri-gant-n£s, s. Arrogance.
To ARROGATK, Sr-r6-gate, v. a. 91. To claim
vainly ; to exhibit unjust claims.
ABROGATION, ir-ri-ga-shfrn, $. A claiming in a
promt manner.
AHROSION, &r-r6izh&n, s. 451. A gnawing.
ARROW, ai-r6, *. 327. The pointed weapon which
is shot from a bow.
ARROWHEAD, ar-ro-l<4d. s. A water plant
ARROWY, ar-iA-£, adj. Consisting of arrows.
ARSE, arse, s. The buttocks.
ARSE-FOOT, £rsifut, s. A kind of (rater-fowl.
ARSE-SMART, arsismart, s. A plant.
ARSENAL, ar-.^-nal, s. A repository of things re-
quisite to war, a magazine.
ARSENICAL, ar-b£ui4-kal, adj. Containing arse-
nick.
ARSENICK, arseiuJk, j. A mineral substance ; a
violent corrosive poison.
ART, art, s. 77. The power of doing something not
taught by nature and instinct; a science, as the liberal
arts; a trade; artfulness, skill, dexterity ; cunning.
55" A& a before r, followed by a vowel, has the short
or fourth sound, so when it is followed by a consonant it
Las the long or second sound. — See Arable, 81. 168.
ARTERIAL, ar-t^-td-al, adj. That which relates to
the artery, that which is contained in the artery.
ARTERIOTOMY, ar-t£-re-6t-ii-m^, s. 518. The
operation of letting blood from the artery ; the cutting
of an artery.
ARTERY, aritfir-^, t. 555. An artery is a conical
canal, conveying the blood from the heart to all parts
of the body.
ARTFUL, arliful, adj. 174. Performed with art ;
artificial, not natural; cunning, skilful, dexterous.
ARTFULLY, artiful-li, adv. With art, skilfully.
ARTFULNESS, artiful-nis, s. Skill, cunning.
ARTHRITICK, ar-/Arlt-ik, 509. 7 ,•
ARTHRITJCAL, aMArW-kal, $ adJ' Gouty' ""
latmg to the gout ; relating to joints.
ARTICHOKE, ar't^-lshike, *. This plant is very
like the thistle, but hath large scaly heads shaped like
the cone of the pine-tree.
ARTICK, ar^tlk, adj. properly ARCTIC. Northern.
ARTICLE, 4ritti-kl, s. 405. A part of speech, as,
tfie, an ; a single clause of an account, a particular part
of any complex thing ; term, stipulation ; point of time,
exact time.
To ARTICLE, ir-ti-kl, v. n. 405. To stipulate, to
make terms.
ARTICULAR, ar-tlk-i-lar, adj. Belonging to the
joints.
ARTICULATE, ar-tlk-i-late, adj. 91. Distinct;
branched out into articles.
To ARTICULATE, ar-tlki&-late,t>.«. 91. To form
words, to speak as a man ; to draw up in articles; to
make terms.
ARTICULATELY, ir-tlki&-!ate-!c*, adv. In an ar-
ticulate voice.
AHTICULATENESS, ar-tlkiu-late-n^s, s. The qua-
lity of being articulate.
ARTICULATION, ar--ik-{i-laishJin, s. The junc-
ture, or joint of bones ; the act of forming words ; in
bouny, the joints in plants.
ARTIFICE, ar-t£-fi«, t. 142. Trick, fraud, strata,
gem ; art, trade.
ARTIFICER, ar-tlf-f^-s&r, 5. 98. An artist, a manu-
facturer, a forger, a contriver; a dexterous or artful
fellow.
ARTIFICIAL, ar-t^-fishial adj. Made by art, not
natural ; fictitious, uot genuine; artful, contrived with
(lull.
ARTIFICIALLY, Ar-t^-flshial-]^, adv. Artfully,
with skill, with good contrivance; bvart, not natutally.
ARTIFICIALNESS, ar-t^-flshial-nls, *. Artfulness.
ARTILLERY, ar-d!il&r-r^, s. 555. Weapons of war ;
cannon, great ordnance.
ARTISAN, ar-t4-zan,' *. .528. Artist, professor of
of an art; manufacturer, low tradesman.
ARTIST, drt-Ist, s. The professor of an art ; a skil-
ful man, not a novice.
ARTLESSLY, artil£s-le, adv. In an artless manner,
naturally, sincerely.
ARTLESS, art-i&s, adj. Unskilful, without fraud,
as an artless maid ; contrived without skill, as an art-
less tale.
To ARTUATE, ar-tslii-ate, v. a. 91. 461. To
tear limb from limb.
ARUNDINACIOUS, a-r&n-de-naish&s, adj. 292.
Of or like reeds.
ARUNDINEOUS, ir-&n-diui4-&s, adj. Abounding
with reeds.
As, az, conj. 423. In the same manner with some-
thing else; like, of the same kind with; in the same
degree with ; as if, in the same manner ; as it were, in
some sort; while, at the same time that ; equally; how,
in what manner ; with, answering to like or same ; in
a reciprocal sense, answering to As ; answering to Such,
having So to answer it, in the conditional sense ; an-
swering to So conditionally : As for, with respect to :
As to, with respect to; As well as, equally with; As
though, as if.
ASAFOETIDA, is-sa-f£t£4-da, s. A gum or resin
brought from the East Indies, of a sharp taste and a
strong offensive smell .
ASARABACCA, as-su-ra-bak-ka, s. The name of a
plant.
ASBESTINE, az-b&Ain, adj. 140. Something in-
combustible.
ASBESTOS, az-b&it&s, s. 166. A sort of native
fossile stone, which may be split into threads and fila-
ments, from one inch to ten inches in length, very fine,
brittle, yet somewhat tractable. It is endued with the
wonderful property of remaining unconsumed in the
fire, which only whitens it.
ASCAKIDKS, as-kar-e-di-z, s. LHU« worms in the
rectum.
To ASCEND, as-f^nd/ v. n. To mount upwards
to proceed from one degree of knowledge to another
to stand higher in genealogy.
To ASCEND, as-send,' v. a. To climb up any thing.
ASCENDANT, as-sen^dant, s. The part of the eclip-
tick at any particular time above the horizon, which
is supposed by astrologers to have great influence;
height, elevation ; superiority, influence; one of the
degrees of kindred reckoned upwards.
ASCENDANT, i!U-s£ni<iant, adj. Superior, predomi-
nant, overpowering; in an astrological sense, above
the horizon.
ASCENDENCY, as-s£n£d£n s£, s. Influence, power.
ASCENSION, as-s£nishfin, s. 451. The act of as-
cending or rising ; the visible elevation of our Saviour
to heaven ; the thing rising or mounting.
ASCENSION DAY, as-s&iish&n-da/ s. The day on
which the ascension of our Saviour is commemorated
commonly called Holy Thursday, the Thursday but
one before Whitsuntide.
AsCENSIVE,as-s,£nis,iv,atf;'. 158. In a state of ascent
ASCENT, is-s&it,' *. Rise, the act of rising ; the way
by which one ascends; an eminence, or high place.
To ASCERTAIN, as-s^r-tane,' v. a. To make cer-
tain, to fix, to establish ; to make confident.
ASCERTAIN ER, as-^r-ta-n&r, s. The person that
proves or establishes.
ASCERTAINMENT, as-s£r-tane-m3nt, s. A settled
rule; a standard.
AsCETICK, as-s£ti]k, a((j. 509. Employed wholly
in exercises of devotion and mortification.
AsCETICK, 4s-s£tiik, s. He that retires to devotiom,
a hermit.
AsciTKS, as-sl-t£z, t. A particular speciei of dropsy.
ASP
S3
ASV
iwr 167, nit 163 — tibe 171, tfib 172, bill 173—611 299— pSftncl SIS — tftln 466— THis 4<T
a swelling of the lower belly, and depending parts, from
an extravasation of water.
...
ad). 507. Dropsical,
*
ASCITICAL,
ASCITICK, is-sit-ik,
hydropical.
AsciTITIOUS, as-s£-tlshius, adj. Supplemental, ad-
ditional.
ASCRIBABLE, as-skriibi-bl, adj. 405. That may
be ascribed.
To ASCRIBE, as-krlbe,' v. a. To attribute to as a
cause ; to attribute to as a possessor.
ASCRIPTION, as-krlpishfin, s. The act of ascrib-
ing.
ASCRIPTITIOUS, as-krlp-tlshi&s, <w(/. That is as-
cribed.
ASH, ash, s. A tree.
ASH-COLOURED, ashikul-urd, adj. 362. Coloured
between brown and gray.
ASHAMED, a-slia£m£d, adj. 359. 362. Touched
with shame.
ASHEN, asliish£n, adj. 103. 359. Wade of ash
wood.
ASHES, ashMz, s. 99. The remains of any thing
burnt ; the remains of the body.
AsH-WEDNESDAY, ash-\v£nzida, s. The first day
of Lent, so called from the ancient custom of sprink-
ling ashes on the head.
ASHLAR, ash-lar, s. Free stones as they come out
of the quarry.
AsHLERING, ashM&r-Ing, * 555. Quartering in
garrets. A term in building.
ASHORE, il-sliAre/ adv. On shore, on the land ; to
the shore, to the land.
AsHWEED, ashAv^dd, s. An herb.
AsHY, ash^, adj. Ash-colouied, pale, inclined to a
whitish gray.
ASIDE, a-stde,' adv. To one side; to another part;
from the company.
AsiNARY, asis^-na-r£, ? ,. ,
./i i , .- > adj. Belonging to an
ASININE, as-se-nlne, 149. i "
ass.
To ASK, ask, v. a. 79 To petition, to beg ; to de-
mand, to claim ; to inquire, to question ; to require.
ASKANCE, ) , , ,
. >• a-skanse,' aat;. 214. Sideways, ob-
ASKAl'NCE, I
liquely.
ASKAUNT, a-skant,' adv. 214. Obliquely, on one
side.
ASKER, ask-Qr, s. 98. Petitioner ; inquirer.
AsKER, ask^&r, s. A water newt
ASKEW, a-sku,' adv. Aside, with contempt, con-
temptuously.
To ASLAKE, a-slake/ v. a. To remit, to slacken.
ASLANT, a-slant,' adv. 78. Obliquely, on one side.
ASLEEP, a-slWp,' adv. Sleeping ; into sleep.
ASLOPE, a-slope/ adv. With declivity, obliquely.
ASP, or AsPICK, asp, or asipik, s. A kind of ser-
pent, whose poison is so dangerous and quick in its o-
peration, that it kills without a possibility of applying
any remedy. Those that are bitten by it, die by sleep
and lethargy.
ASP, asp, s. A -tree.
ASPALATHUS, as~pa!ia-fAus, *. A plant called the
wood of Jerusalem ; the wood of a certain tree.
ASPARAGUS, as-par-a-gus, s. The name of a plant,
is word is vulgarly pronounced Sparrowgrass.
•ords as the vulgar do not
It may be observed, tha
Igarly
t such
kno* how to spell, and which convey no definite idea of
the thing, are frequently changed by them into such words
as they do k
e trcque
now ho
to spell, and which do convey some
definite idea. The word in question is an instance of it ;
and the corruption of this word into Sparrmvgrasi, is so
general, that asparagus has an air of stiffness and pedan-
try— See Lantern.
ASPECT, tU-p£kt, S. Look, air, appearance ; coun-
tenance; glance, view, act of beholding; direction to- ">al
•wards any point, position; disposition of any th'mg to AsPEROUS,
something else, relation; disposition of a planet to o
ther planets.
{f5=- This word, as a noun, was universally pronounced
with the accent on the last syllable till about the middla
of the seventeenth century. It grew antiquated in Mil-
tun's time, and is now entirely obsolete. Dr. Farmer's
observations on this word, in his no less solid than inge-
nious Essay on The Learning of Shakespeare, are so cu-
rious, as well as just, that the reader will, 1 doubt not, ba
obliged to me for quoting them :
" Sometimes a very little matter detects a forgery.
You may remember a play called the Double t alse-
hood, which Mr. Theobald was desirous of palming
upon the world for a posthumous one of Shakespeare :
and I see it is classed as such in the last edition of the
Bodleian catalogue. Mr. Pope himself, after all the
strictures of Scriblerius, in a letter to Aaron Hill, sup-
poses it of that age; but a mistaken accent determines
it to have been written since the middle of the last cen-
tury :
" This late example
" Of base Henrique/., bleeding in me now,
" From each goou tuytct taxes awaj my trust.*
And in another place,
" You hare an aiptct, Sir, of wondrous wisdom.*
" The word aspect, you perceive, is here accented on
' thejirst syllable, which, I am confident, in any sense
' of it, was never the case in the time of Shakespeare ;
' though it may sometimes appear to be so, when we do
' not observe a preceding Elision.
" Some of the professed imitators of our old poets havt
' not attended to this and many other minntia;: I could
' point out to you several performances in the respective
* stylet of Chaucer, Spenser, and Shakespeare, which
' the Imitated bards could not possibly have either read
' or construed.
" This very accent hath troubled the annotators on
' Milton. Dr. Bentley observes it to be a tone different
' from the present use. Mr. Manwaring.Jn his Treatise
' of Harmony and Numbers, very solemnly informs us,
' that this verse is defective both in accent and quantity
" His words here ended ; but his meek aiyect,
14 Silent, yet spake,"
" Here, says he. a syllable is acuted and long, whereas
" it should be ihort and graved .'"
" And a still more extraordinary gentleman, one Green,
" who published a specimen of a new version of the Pa-
" radise Lost, into blank j-erse, ' by which that amazing
" work is brought somewhat nearer 'the summit of pertec-
" tion,* begins with correcting a blunder in the 4th book.
tting sun
id with right
*' Slowly descended,
" Leveli'd his eveni
" Not to in the new version :
" Meanwhile the setting sun descending slow—
« Levell'd with atpecl right his ev'ning rays."
" Enough of such commentators — The celebrated Dr.
" Dee had a spirit, who would sometimes condescend to
" correct him, when peccant in quantity : and it had been
" kind of him to have a little assisted the vig-lits above-
" mentioned. — Milton affected the atitii/ue ; but it may
" seem more extraordinary, that the old accent should
" be adopted in Hudibras.'1
To ASPECT, as-p£kt,' v. a. 492. To behold.
ASPECT/ABLE, as-p^k-ia-bl, adj. 405. Visible.
ASPECTION, as-p4k-shin,'-$. Beholding, view.
ASPEN, asip£n, s. 103. A tree, the leaves of which
always tremble.
ASPEN, as-p£n, adj. Belonging to the asp-tree j
made of aspen wood.
AsPER, a^-p&r, adj. 98. Rough, rugged.
To ASPERATE, is-pd-rate, v. a. 91. To make
rough.
This word, and those that succeed it of the same
b seem to follow the general rule in the sound of
efore r when after the accent ; that is, to preserve it
pure, and in a separate syllable. — See Principles, No. 555.
AsPERATION, as-pd-raishfiri, s. A making rough.
ASPERIFOLIOUS, as-p£r-£-foi|£ us, adj. Plant*,
so called from the roughness of their leaves.
ASPERITY, ls-p£r^-t£, t. Unevenness, roughness
of surface ; roughness of sound ; roughness or rugged-
ness of temper.
ASPERNATION, as-p5r-naish&n, s. Neglect, disro-
family,
s, adj. Rough, uneven.
ASS
34
ASS
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81— mi 93, mil 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, roSve 164,
To ASPERSE, as-p£rse,' v. a. To bespatter with cen-
sure or calumny.
ASPERSION, as-p5r-sh&n, ». A sprinkling; calum-
ny, censure.
ASPHALTICK, as-falMk, adj. 84. Gummy, bitu-
minous.
ASPH ALTOS, is_fji!:fis, s. A bituminous, inflam-
mable substance, resembling pitch, and chiefly found
swimming on the surface of the Lacus Asphaltites, or
Dead Sea, where anciently stood the cities of Sodom
and Gomorrah.
AsrilALTUM, asifal-t&m, s. A bituminous stone
found near the ancient Babylon.
ASPHODEL, Ab-iA-d£l, s. Day. lily.
ASPICK, as-plk, s. The name of a serpent
To ASPIRATE, asipe-i ate, v . a. 91. To pronounce
with full breath, as hoj>e, not ope.
ASPIRATE, asipi-rate, adj. 91. 394. Pronounced
with full breath.
ASPIRATION, as-p^-ra-sh&n, s. A breathing af-
ter, an ardent wish ; the act of aspiring, or desiring
something high ; the pronunciation of a vowel with full
breath.
Tc ASPIRE, aspire,' v. n. To desire with eager-
ness, to pant after something higher ; to rise higher.
AsPORTATlON, as-por-la-shfrn, s. A carrying away.
ASQUINT, a-skwlnt/ adv. Obliquely, not in the
straight line of vision.
Ass, ass, s. An animal of burden ; a stupid, heavy,
dull fellow, a dolt.
TJ ASSAIL, as-sale/ v. a. To attack in a hostile
manner, to assault, to fall upon ; to attack with argu-
ment or censure.
ASSAILABLE, as-saMa-bl, adj. 405. That which
may be attacked.
ASSAILANT, as-sa-!ant, 5. He that attacks.
ASSAILANT, as-sa-lant, adj. Attacking, invading.
AsSAILER, as-sa-lCir, s. 98. One who attacks ano-
ther.
ASSAPANICK, as-sa-pan-nik, *. The flying squir-
rel.
ASSASSIN, as-sasisln, s. A murderer, one that kills
by sudden violence.
To ASSASSINATE, as-sas-sA-nate, v. a. 91. To
murder by violence ; to way-lav, to take by treachery.
ASSASSINATION, as-sas-ie-na-sh&n, s. The act of
assassinating.
ASSASSINATOR, as-sa&ie-na-lir, s. Murderer, man-
killer.
AsSATION, as-sa-sh&n, s. Roasting.
ASSAULT, as-=a!t/ s. storm, opposed to sap or siege ;
violence; invasion, hostility, attack ; in law, a violent
kind of injury offered to a man's person.
To ASSAULT, as-.-a!1,' v. a. To attack, to invade.
ASSAULTER, as-saili&r, s. One who violently as-
saults another.
ASSAY, a-:->.a,' s. Examination ; in law, the exami-
na ion of measures and weights used by the clerk of
the market ; the first entrance upon any thing ; attack
trouble.
To ASSAY, as-sa,' v. a. To make trial of; to apply
to, as the touchstoue in assaying metals ; to try, to en-
deavour.
ASSAYER, as-sai&r, s. 98. An officer of the mint,
for t!iu due trial of silver.
ASSECTATION, as-st-k-ia'shun, s. Attendance.
Assr.CUTlON, is-se-k&^li&n, s. Acquirement.
ASSEMBLAGE, is-h£m3>lAdje, s. 90. A collection ;
a number of individuals brought together.
To ASSEMBLE, as-sem-bl, v. a. 4O5. To bring to-
gether into one place.
7'o ASSEMBLE, as-s^mibl, v. n. To meet together.
ASSEMBLY, as-s&n-ble, ,t. A company met together.
ASSENT, as-s^m/s. The act of agreeing to any thing;
consent, agreement.
To ASS£NT, Is-kOul,' v. n. To concede, to yield to.
ASSENTATION, as-s£n-ta-sh&n, s Compliance with
the opinion of another out of flattery.
AssENTMENT, as-s£tit-in3nt, s. Consent.
To ASSERT, as-s£rt/ v. a. To maintain, to defend
either by words or actions ; to affirm ; to claim, to vin-
dicate a title to.
ASSERTION, as-s&ishfrn, s. The act of asserting.
ASSERTIVE, as-sSr^tiv, adj. 158. Positive, dog-
matical.
AssERTOR, as-s3ritur, s. 98. Maintainer, vindi-
cator, affirmer.
To AssERVE, as-s£rv,' v. a. To serve, help, or se-
cond,
To AiSESS, as-sfis/ v. a. To charge with any cer-
tain SDMI.
ASSESSION, as-s£sh-&n, s. A sitting down by one.
ASSESSMENT, &s-s£>imint, s. The sum levied on
certain property ; the act of assessing.
ASSESSOR, as-s£sisfrr, *. 98. The person that sits
by the judge; he that sits by another as next in dign>
nity ; he that lays taxes.
ASSETS, as-s£ts, *. Goods sufficient to discharge that
burden which is cast upon the executor or heir.
To ASSEVER, as-s£vi&r, 98. ^
To ASSEVERATE, as-s£v^-rate, 91. 555. } v' *
To affirm with great solemnitv, as upon oath.
ASSEVERATION, as-s£v-£-ra£s.hfrn, s. Solemn af-
firmation, as upon oath.
ASSHEAD, asili£d, s. A blockhead.
ASSIDUITY, Hs-sd-drW-t^, s. Diligence.
ASSIDUOUS, as-sld-ji-is, adj. 294. 376. Con-
stant in application.
ASSIDUOUSLY, as-sldiji-is-le, adv. Diligently,
continually.
ASSIENTO, as-s£.?n-t6, s. A contract or conven-
tion between the kings of Spain and other powers, for
furnishing the Spanish dominions in America with
slaves.
To ASSIGN, Ss-sine/ v. a. To mark out, to appoint ;
to fix with regard to quantity or value ; to give a rea-
son for ; in law, to appoint a deputy, or make over a
right to another.
ASSIGNABLE, as-slne-a-bl, adj. That which may
be assigned.
ASSIGNATION, as-slg-naishfin, s. An appointment
to meet, used generally of love appointments ; a mak-
ing over a thing to another.
ASSIGNEE, as-se-ne,' s. He that is appointed or de-
puted by another to do any act, or perform any busi-
ness, or enjoy any commodity.
AssiGNER, as-sJ-nur, 5. 98. He that assigns.
ASSIGNMENT, as-sitiein-.ent, s. Anointment of
one thing with regard to another thing or person ; in
law, the deed by which any thing is tiau&ferred from,
one to another.
ASSIGNS, as-sinz/ s. Thoje persons to whom any
tru-tt is assigned. This is a law term, and always used
in the plural ; as, a legacy is left to a person's heirs,
administrators, or assigns.
ASSIMILABLE, as-slmi£-!a-bl, adj. That which
may be converted to the same nature with something
else.
To ASSIMILATE, is-slm^e-late, v. a. 91. To con-
vert to the same nature with another thing ; to bring
to a likeness, or resemblance.
ASSIMILATENESS, as-slin-me-late-nes, 4. Like-
ness.
ASSIMILATION, ac-s1m-m4-la-sh&n, s. The act of
converting any thing to the na'ure or substance of ano-
ther ; the state of being assimilated ; the act of grow-
ing like some other being.
To ASSIST, as-slsi,' v. a. To help
ASSISTANCE, as-slsitanse, s. Help, furtherance.
ASSISTANT, as-sls^tAnt, adj. Helping, lending aid.
ASSISTANT, as-slb-tant, s. A iierson engaged in an
afiair, not as principal, but as auxiliary' or minis'eriaJ.
ASSIZE, Ui-bUi-,' f. A court of judicature held
AST
35
nor 167, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
twice a year in every county, in which causes are tried
by a judge and jurv ; an ordinance or statute to deter-
mine the weight of bread.
To ASSIZE, as-size,' v. a. To fix the rate of any
thing.
AssiZER, is-sl-zur, s. An officer that has the care
of weights and measures.
AssOCIABLE, as-soishe-J-bl, adj. That which may
be joined to another.
To ASSOCIATE, as-so-she-ate, ». a. 91. To unite
with another as a confederate ; to adopt as a friend up-
on equal terms ; to accompany.
ASSOCIATE, tU-so^she-ate, adj. 91. Confederate.
ASSOCIATE, as-so-sh^-ate, s. A partner, a confede-
rate, a companion.
ASSOCIATION, a^so-^he-a-shun, s. Union, con-
junction, society; confederacy; partnership; connec-
tion— See Pronunciation.
ASSONANCE, as->6-nanse, s. Reference of one
sound to another resembling it
ASSONANT, ab-»6-nant, adj. Resembling another
sound.
To ASSORT, as-sort,' v. a. To range in classes.
To ASSOT, a?-sot,' v. a. To infatuate.
To ASSUAGE, as-swaj>,' v. a. 331. To mitigate,
to soften ; to appease, to pacify ; to ease.
ASSUAGEMENT, as-swajt-m£iit, s. What mitigates,
or softens.
AssUAGER, As-swa-jur, s. 98. One who pacifies
or appeases.
ASSUASIVE, as-swaislv, adj. 158. 428. Softening,
mitigating
To ASSUBJUGATE, as-sub-ju-gate, v. a. 91. To
subject to.
AssUEFACTlON, as-swd-fak^sliun, s. The state of
being accustomed.
ASSUETUDE, i!U-swi-tude, *. 334. Accustomance,
custom.
To ASSUME, is-sume^ v. a. 454. To take; to take
upon one's self ; to arrogate, to claim or seize unjust-
ly : to suppose something without proof; to appropri-
ate.
Jt^» Why Mr. Sheridan should pronounce this word
andthe word consume without the h, and presume and
resume, as if written prezhoom and ratlioum, is not easily
conceived ; the s ought to be aspirated in all or none. —
Fee Principles, 45-1, 478, 479.
AssUMER, is-suiin&r, s. 98. An arrogant man.
ASSUMING, as-suimlng, part. adj. Arrogant,
haughty.
ASSUMPSIT, as-s&irAIt, s. A voluntary promise
made by word, whereby a man taketh upon him to
l>erform or pay any thing to another.
ASSUMPTION, as-i&mish&n, s- The act of taking
any thing to one's self; the supposition of any thing
without farther proof; the thing supposed, a postu-
late : the taking up any person into heaven.
ASSUMPTIVE, as-sum-liv, adj. 157. That which
is assumed.
ASSURANCE, ish-sliu-rSnse, *. Certain expecta-
tion ; secure confidence, trust ; freedom from doubt,
certain knowledge; firmness, undoubting steadiness;
continence, want of modesty ; ground of confidence,
security given ; spirit, intrepidity ; testimony of credit ;
conviction ; insurance.
To ASSURE, ash-sbfcre/ v. a. 175. To give con-
fidence by a firm promise ; to secure another ; to
make confident, to exempt from doubt or fear ; to make
secure.
ASSURED, ash-shuir£d, or ash-shird,' part. adj.
5.i9 Certain, indubitable ; certain, not doubting ; im-
modest, viciously confident.
ASSUREDLY, ash-shuii eJ-le, adv. 364. Certainly,
indubitably.
ASSUREDNESS, asb-shuir£d-n£s, s. 365. The state
of being assured, certainty.
ASSURER, asli-slifrirur, s. He that gives assurance ;
he that gives security to make good any Kiss.
ASTERISK, us-l4-rUk, $. \ mark in printing, a»*.
AsTERISM, is-te-rlzm, 3. A constellation.
AsTERITES, as-t£r-i£iez, j. A precious stone. A
kind of ojinl sparkling like a star.
ASTHMA, asthma, s. 471. A frequent, difficult,
and short respiration, joined with a hissing sound and a
couph.
ASTHMATICAL. ast-rr.afie-kal, 7 ,•
ASTHMA-PICK, ast-matiik, 509. J •* Troublod
with an asthma.
AsTERN, a-s;£rn,' adv. In the hinder part of tha
ship, behind the sh'p.
To AsTERT, a-s'.^ri,' v. a. To terrify, to startle, to
fright.
ASTONIED, aist5r.£e-£d, part. adj. A word some-
times used for astonished.
To ASTONISH, a~tou-i.Kh, v. a. To confound with
fear or wonder, to amaze.
ASTONISHINGXESS, as-t6ui|)lsl)-lng-n£s, S. Quali-
ty to excite astonishment.
ASTONISHMENT, as-t6n-lsh-m£nt, $. Amazement,
confusion of mind.
To ASTOUND, is-tound,' v. a. To astonish, to con-
found with fear or wonder.
ASTRADDLE, a-strad-dl, adv. 405. With one's
legs across any thing.
ASTRAGAL, a^-tra-gal, S. 503. A little round mem-
ber, in the form of a ring, at the tops and bottoms of
columns.
ASTRAL, tU-tral, adj. Starry, relating to the stars.
ASTRAY, a-stra,' ado. Out of the right way.
To AsTRICT, as-trikt/ v. a. To contract by appli-
cation.
AsTRICTION, as-trlk-sh&n, *. The act or power of
contracting the parts of the body.
AsTRICTIVE, as-trlkillv, adj. 138. Styptick, bind-
ing.
ASTRICTORY, as-trlkitur-r^, adj. Astringent
ASTRIDE, i-strkU^ adu. With the legs open.
ASTRIKEROUS, as-trlf^-rus, adj. Bearing, or hav.
ing stars.
To AsTRlNGE, is-trlnjp,' v. a. To make a contrao-
tion, to make the parts draw together.
AsTRINGENCY, Js-trlnijen-se, s. The power of con-
trai'ting the parts of the body.
ASTRINGENT, is-trlu-j£nt, adj. Binding, contract-
ing.
AsTROGRAPHY, as-trog-ia-f<i, s. 518. The science
of describing the stars.
ASTROLABE, as-ti 6--la!>e, s. An instrument chiefly
used for taking the altitude of the pole, the sun, or
stars, at sea.
ASTROLOGER, as-tr6!io-jur, s. One that, supposing
the influence of the stars to have a causal power, pro-
fesses to foretell or discover events.
ASTROLOGIAN, is-tro-lo-j^ an, s. Astrologer.
ASTROLOGICAL, as-tru-l6dije-kal, 509.
ASTKOLOGICK, As-tro-lod-jik,
Relating to astrology, professing nstrology.
ASTROLOGICALLY, as-ti6-lod-je-kAi-ie, adv. In
an astrological manner.
To ASTROLOGIZE, ai-trol^o-jlze, v. n. To practise
astrology.
ASTROLOGY, 43-tro]io-jt^, s. 518. The practice of
foretelling things by the knowledge of the stars.
ASTRONOMER, us-tron-no-mur, s. He that stu-
dies the celestial motions.
ASTRONOMICAL, as-tvo-iiom-e kil, 509. )
ASTRONOMICK, as-tro-HOUl-lk, J "'"'"
Belonging to astronomy.
ASTRONOMICALLY, as-tro-nom^-kal-l£, adv. In
an astronomical manner.
ASTRONOMY, as tuWno-me, .t. 518. A mixed
mathematical science, teai-htnti the kn-iwloige of the
celestial bodies, thrir nut^iiitudcs, motions, disUun.'Cs,
periods, eclipses, and order
T ..
ATO 36 ATT
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81— me 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107— no 162, move 164,
ATOMIST, at-iA-mlst, *. One that holds the atomi-
cal philosophy.
ATOMY, at£6-m£, s. An atom.
To ATONE, a-t6ne£ t-. n. To agree, to accord; to
stand as an equivalent for something ; to answer for.
To ATONE, i-t6ne/ v. a. To expiate.
ATONEMENT, a-toneim&nt, s. Agreement, con.
cord; expiation, expiatory equivalent.
ATOP, a-t&p,' adv. On the top, at the top.
ATUABILARIAN, at-tra-b£-la-re an, adj. 507.
Melancholy.
ATRABILARIOUS, at-tra-b£-]a-re-&s, adj. Melan-
cholick.
ATRABILARIOUSNESS, at-tra-be-la-re-&s-nes, s.
The state of being melancholy.
ATRAMENTAL, at-tra-m^nital, 7 .
ATRAMENTOUS, at-tra-m£n-t&s, $ ^"
black.
ATROCIOUS, a-tro-sh&s, adj. 292. Wicked in a
high degree, enormous.
ATROCIOUSLY, a-troishis-le, adv. In an atroct-
ASTRO-THEOLOGY, as^tri-//j£-&!i<i>-je, *. Divini-
ty founded on the observation of the celestial bodies.
ASUNDER, a-s&nMir, adv. 98. Apart, separately,
not together.
ASYLUM, a-sli'&m, s, A sanctuary, a refuge.
J£5» Nothing can show more plainly the tendency of
our language to an antepenultimate accent than the vul-
gar pronunciation of this word, which generally places the
accent on the first syllable. This is however an unpar-
donable offence to a Latin ear, which insists on preservine
the accent of the original whenever we adopt a Latin word
Into our own language without alteration.— See Princi •
pies, No. 505.
ASYMMETRY, a-slm-me'-tr^, s. Contrariety to sym-
metry, disproportion.
ASYMPTOTE, IU->irn-t6te, j. Asymptotes are right
lines which approach nearer and nearer to some curve,
but which would never meet
J£J» I have preferred Dr. Johnson's accentuation on
thenrst syllable, to Mr. Sheridan's and Dr. Ash's on the
iccoml.
ASYNDETON, a-sln-de-ton, s. A figure in gram-
mar, when a conjunction copulative is omitted.
AT, it, jrrep. At, before a place, notes the nearness
of the place ; as, a man is at the house before he is in
it; At, before a word signifying time, notes the co-ex-
istence of the time with the event ; At, before a su-
perlative adjective, implies in the state, as at most, in
the state of most perfection, &.C. At signifies the par-
ticular condition of the person, as, at peace ; At some-
times marks employment or attention ; as, he is at
work ; At sometimes the fame with furnished with ; as,
a man at arms ; At sometimes notes the place where
any thing is ; as, he is at home ; At sometimes is near-
ly the same as In, noting situation ; At sometimes
seems to signify in the power of, or obedient to ; as, At
your service; At all, in any manner.
ATABAL, at^A-bal, *. A kind of labour used by the
Moors.
ATARAXY, at-ta-rak-s£, *. 517. Exemption from
vexation, tranquillity.
ATHANOR, ai/i-a-nor, *. 1 66,
to keep heat for some time.
A digesting furnace
ATHEISM, a-Me-Izm, s. 505. The disbelief of
God.
ATHEIST, i£th&-l*t, s. One that denies the existence
of Cod.
ATHEISTICAL, a-i/je-isit^-kal, adj. Given to athe-
ism, iinpious.
ATHEISTJCALLY, a-M£-Is-te-kal-le, adv. Inana-
theistical manner.
ATHEISTICALNESS, a-^e-Is-t^-kil-n&, s. The
quality of being atheistical.
ATHEISTICK, i^Ae-1-.-Jk, adj. Given to atheism
ATHEOUS, a^/ie-us, adj. 5O5. Atheistick, god-
less.
ATHEROMA, i//j-e-rAima, s. 527. A species of
wen.
ATHEROMATOUS, a<A-e-r&m-a-ifis, adj. Having
the qualities of an atheroma, or curdy wen.
ATHIRST, a-//t&rst,' adv. 108. Thirsty, in want of
dr nk.
ATHLETICK, a//j-l£iMk, adj. 500. Belonging to
wrestling; strong of body, vigorous, lusty, robust.
ATHWART, a-Mwart,' irrep. Across, transverse to
any thing ; through.
ATILT, a-tilt,' adv. With the action of a man mak-
ing a thrust ; in the posture of a barrel raised or tilted
tvhind.
ATLAS, ai£la«, *.
A collection of map* ; a large
square folio ; sometimes the supporter of a building ; a
rich kind of silk.
ATMOSPHERE, atirrA-sf^re, s. The air that encom-
passes the solid earth on all sides.
ATMOSPHERICAL, aumA-sf'er^-kal, adj. Belong-
ing to the atmosphere.
ATOM, atii&m, *. 166. Such a small particle as
cannot be physically divided ; any thing extremely
email.
ATOMICAL, a-timie-kil, adj. Consisting of atoms ;
relating to atoms.
ous manner.
ATROCIOUSNESS, a-trc£sl>us-n3s, s. The quality of
being enormously criminal.
ATROCITY, a-tr6>-se-te, s. 511. Horrible wicked-
ness.
ATROPHY, atitro-fe*, *. Want of nourishment, a
disease.
To ATTACH, at-titsb,' v. a. To arrest, to take or
apprehend ; to seize ; to lay hold on ; to win ; to gain
over, to enamour; to fix to one's interest.
ATTACHMENT, at-tatsh-m&it, s. Adherence, re-
gard.
To ATTACK, at-tak/ v. a. To assault an enemy;
to begin a contest.
ATTACK, at-tak/ s. An assault
ATTACKER, at-tak'&r, *. 98. The person that at-
tacks.
To ATTAIN, at-tane/ ». a. To gain, to procure; to
overtake ; to come to ; to reach ; to equal.
To ATTAIN, at-tane^ v. n. To come to a certain
state ; to arrive at.
ATTAINABLE, at-taneii-bl, adj. Trwt which may
be obtained, procurable.
ATTAINABLENESS, at-tane^a-bl-ne's, s. The qua-
lity of being attainable.
ATTAINDER, &t-tane'dfir, *. 98. The act of at-
tainting in law ; taint.
ATTAINMENT, at-taneiir>£nt, s. That which is at-
tained, acquisition; the act or power of attaining.
To ATTAINT, at-tant,' v. a. To attaint is particu-
larly used for such as are found guilty of some crime
or offence ; to taint, to corrupt.
ATTAINT, at-tani,' s. Any thing injurious, as ill-
ness, weariness; stain, spot, taint.
ATTAINTURK, at-tant-tshiire, *. 461. Reproach,
imputation.
To ATTAMINATE, at-tam££-nate, v. a. To corrupt.
Not used.
To ATTEMPER, at-i£mip&r, v. a. To mingle, to
weaken by the mixture of something else; to regulate,
to soften ; to mix in just proportions; to fit to some*
thing else.
To ATTEMPERATE, af-t£m£p3-rate, v. a. 555.
To proportion to something.
To ATTEMPT, at-t&mt,' v. a. 412. To attack, to
venture upon ; to try, to endeavour.
ATTEMPT, at-tSmt/ *. 412. An attack, an essay,
an endeavour.
ATTEMPTABLE, at-t3mtiia-bl, adj. Liable to at-
tempts or attacks.
ATTEMPTER, at-t£mtit&r, *. The person that at-
tempts ; an endeavourer.
To ATTEND, at-t^nd/ v. a. To regard, to fix th«
mind upon ; to wait on ; to accompany : to be present
with, upon a summons ; to be appendaiit to ; to be
consequent to ; to stay foe.
ATT
37
AUD
n5r 167, nit 163 — tube 171, lib 172, bull 173—311 299— pSind 813 — tA'in 466 — THIS 46«l.
To ATTEND, it-t5nd/ v. n. To yield attention ; to
stay, to delay.
ATTENDANCE, It-tinidinw, *• The act of wait-
ing on another ; service ; the persons waiting ; a train ;
attention, regard
ATTENDANT, at-'£nidant, s. One that attends ; one
that belongs to the train ; one that waits as a suitor or
agent; one that is present at any thing ; a concomitant,
a consequent.
ATTENDEE, a:-l£n-dur, s. 98. Companion, asso-
ciate.
ATTENT, at-t£nt,' adj. Intent, attentive
ATTENTATES, a<-i£u-tates, s. Proceedings in a
court after an inhibition is decreed.
ATTENTION, it-t^n-shan, s. The act of attending
or heeding.
ATTENTIVE, at-t£n-llv, adj. 158. Heedful, re-
gardful.
ATTENTIVELY, at-t£n£dv-l£, adv. Heedfully, care-
fully.
ATTENTIVENESS, at-t£n£tlv-n3s, *. needfulness,
attention.
ATTENUANT, at-t£niu-ant, adj. Endued with the
power of making thin or slender.
ATTENUATE, at-t£n-ii-ate, adj. 91. Made thin or
slender.
ATTENUATION, at-t<ln-u-a£sh&n, j. The act of
making any thing thin or slender.
ATTER, ititur, s. 98. Corrupt matter.
To ATTEST, at-t^st,' v. a. To bear witness of, to
witness; to call to witness.
ATTESTATION, at-t£s-ta-sh&n, s. Testimony, evi-
dence.
ATTIC, atitlk, adj. Belonging to Attica, belonging
to Athens. In philology, delicate, poignant, just, up-
right. In architecture, belonging to the upper part of
a building ; belonging to an upper story, flat, having
the roof concealed ; ^belonging to a peculiar kind of
base sometimes used in the Ionic and Doric orders.
To ATT1CISE, utilize, v. n. To make use of at-
ticisms.
ATTICISM, atil^-slzin, s. An imitation of the At-
tic style; a concise and elegant mode of expression.
A.TTIGUOUS, autl<r£&-&s, adj. Hard by.
To ATTINGE, at-tlnje,' v. a. To touch slightly.
To ATTIRE, at- lire,' v. a. To dress, to habit, to
array.
ATTIRE, at-tlre,' s. Clothes, dress ; in hunting, the
horns of a buck or stag ; in botany, the flower of a
plant is divided into three parts, the impalement, the
foliation, and the attire.
ATTIRER, at-ti-r&r, *. One that attires another,
a dresser.
ATTITUDE, at-ti-lude, s. A posture, the posture
or action in which a statue or painted figure is placed.
ATTOLLENT, at-t&l-l£nt, adj. That which raises
or lifts up.
ATTORNEY, at-t&rin£, s. 165. Such a person as
by con>ent, com i andment, or request, takes heed to,
sees, and takes upon him the chart e of other men's bu-
siness, in their absence ; one who is appointed or re-
tained to prosecute or defend an acUou at law ; a law-
yer.
ATTORNEYSHIP, at-turin£-ship, *. The office of
an attorney.
ATTORNMENT, at-turnim£nt, s. A yielding of the
tenement to a new lord.
To ATTRACT, at-ti-akt,' v. a. To draw to some-
thing ; to allure, to invite.
ATTRACTATION, at-trak-ta-shun, «. Frequent
handling.
ATTRACTICAL, at-trikittJ-kal, adj. Having the
power to draw.
ATTRACTION, at-trak-sh&n, s. The power of draw-
ing any tiling; the power of alluring or enticing.
ATTRACTIVE, at-trak-tiv, adj. 158. Having the
power to draw any tiling ; inviting, alluring, eutic
mg
ATTRACTIVE, it-trikitlv, *. That which draws or
incites.
ATTRACTIVELY, at-trik-ilv-l^, adv. With th«
power of attracting.
ATTRACTIVENESS, at-trak-tlv-n£s, *. The quality
of being attractive.
ATTRACTOR, at-trikit&r, s. 98. The agent that
attracts.
ATTRAHENT, at-tra-h3nt, s. 503,y. That which
draws.
ATTRIBUTABLE, ai-trlb^i-ta-bl, adj. That which
may be ascril>ed or attributed.
To ATTRIBUTE, at-trlb^hte, v. a. 492. To a*-
cribe, to yield ; to impute, as to a cause.
ATTRIBUTE, at-trt* bute, s. 492. The thing atrri.
buted to another ; quality adherent; a thing belonging
to another, an ap)>endant; reputation, honour.
ATTRIBUTION, at-tr^-bu-sh&n, s. Commendation.
AlTRITE, at-trlte/ adj. Ground, worn by rubbing.
ATTRITENESS, at-trite^n^s, s. The being much
worn.
ATTRITION, at-trlsh-un, s. 5O7. The act of wear,
ing things by rubbing; grief for sin; arising only from
the fear of punishment j the lowest degree of repent-
ance.
To ATTUNE, at-t&ne,' v. a. To make any thing
musical ; to tune one thing to another. — See Tune.
ATWEEN, a-tw^n,' adv. or jrrep. Betwixt, be-
tween.
ATWIXT, a-twlkst/ prep. In the middle of two
things
To AVAIL, a-va!e,' v. a. To profit, to tum to pro.
fit ; to promote, to prosper, to assist.
AVAIL, a- vale,' s. Profit, advantage, benefit.
AVAILABLE, a-va-iA-bl, artj. 405. Profitable, ad-
vantageous ; powerful, having force.
AVAILABLENESS, a-va-la-bl-n^s, *. Power of pro.
moling the end for which it is used.
AVAILABLY, a-va-la-bl£, adu- Powerfully, profi-
tably.
AVAILMENT, a-vale-rn£nt,s. Usefulness, advantage.
To AVALE, a-vale/ v. a. To let fall, to depress.
AvANT GUARD, a-vant-^ard, s. The van.
AVARICE, av-i-rls, s. 142. Covetousness, insatiable
desire.
AVARICIOUS, av-a-r1-,liifas, adj. 292. Covetous.
AVARICIOUSLY, avia-risliius-li, ado. Covetously.
AVARICIOUSNESS, av-a-ikh-us-n£s, S. The quali.
ty of being avaiicious.
AvAUNT, a-vant,' int. 216. A word of abhorrence
by which any one is driven away.
AuBURNE, auibfrrn, adj. Brown, of a tan colour.
AUCTION, awk-s!i&il, s. A manner of sale in which
one person bids after another ; the thing sold by auc-
tion.
AucTIONARY, awk-shun-a-i^, adj. Belonging to
an auction.
AUCTIONEER, £*vk-shun-eer,' s. 275. The person
that manages an auction.
Aut'TIVE, awk'tiv, adj. 158. Of an increasing qua-
lity. Not used.
AUCUPATION, aw-ku-pa-shun, S. Fowling, bird-
catching.
AUDACIOUS, Iw-daishfis, adj. 292. Bold, impu-
dent.
AUDACIOUSLY, aw-da^h&s-!£, adu. Boldly, im-
pudently.
AUDACIOUSNESS, aw-da-ihfrs-n£s, *. Impudence.
AUDACITY, aw-cli^e-te, 5. 511. Spirit, boldness.
AuutBLE, a^Ale-hl, adj. 405. That which may bt
perceived by hearing ; loud enough to Ix heard.
AuDIBLENESS, aw-de-bl-n£s, f. CapaUleness of be.
in,* heard.
AUDIBLY, aw^dd-b!£, adv. In such a manner at to
be heard.
AUG 38 AUR
£5- 559- FAte 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, m3ve 164
AUDIENCE, iwijWnse, s. 293, 294. The act ofj To AUGURATE, aw-gi-rate, v. n. 91. To judge
hearing; the liberty of speaking granted, a hearing; an by augury. _ f i* . m
auditory, jiersons eollec'ed to hear; the reception of
any man who delivers a solemn mes>age.
AUDIT, Swidlt, s. A final account,
To AUDIT, aw^dir, ji. a. To take an account fi-
nally.
AUDITION, iw-eflsh^ftn, s. 507. Hearing.
AUDITOR, a\v£<le-Iur, s. 98. 5O3, *. A bearer ; a
person employed to take an account ultimately; a
king's officer, "who, yearly examining the accounts of
all "under officers accountable, makes up a general
book.
AUDITORY,
power of hearing.
-r^, adj. 557. That has the
AUDITORY, aw-d£-t&r-r£, j. An audience, a col-
lection of persons assembled to hear ; a place where
lectures are to be heard.
A UDITRESS, awid^-trfc, *. The woman that hears.
Ti AVEL, a-v£l,' v. a. To pull away.
AVEMARY, a-vi-ma£r£, s. A form of worship in
honour of the Virgin Mary.
AVENAGE, avt&n-ldje, 4 91. A certain quantity of
oats paid to a landlord.
To AVENGE, a-v£nje/ v. a. To revenge ; to pu-
nish.
AvENGEANCE, a-v2nfjanse, j. 244. Punishment
AVENGEMENT, a-venjt-m£nt, s. Vengeance, re-
venge.
AVENGER, a-v5nijfir, s. Punisher; revenger; ta-
ker of vengeance.
AvENS, av^ns, S. The herb bennet.
AVENTURE, a-v£n-tsl)6re, s. 461. A mischance,
causing a man s death, without felony.
AVENUE, avi^-n6, ». 335. 503. A way by which
any place may be entered ; an alley, or walk of trees
before a house. — See Revenue.
To AVER, a-v£r,' v- a. To declare positively.
AVERAGE, avi&r-ldje, s. 90. 555. That duty or
service which the tenant is to pay to the king ; a me-
dium, a mean proportion.
AVERMENT, a-v£i£m£nt, s. Establishment of any
thing by evidence.
AVERNAT, a-v£i-nat, *. A sort of grape.
To AVERUNCATE, av-3r-r£ng-kate, v. a. 91. 408.
To root up.
AvERSATION, av-5r-sa-s>hin, t. Hatred, abhor-
rence.
AVERSE, a-v£rse,' adj. Malign, not favourable ; not
pleased with, unwilling to.
AVERSELY, a • v£rse-le, adv. Unwillingly ; backward.
'y-
AVERSENESS, a-v£rsei|)5s, s. Unwillingness ; back-
wardness.
AVERSION, a-v3rish&n, s. Hatred, dislike, detes-
tation ; the cause of aversion.
To AVERT, a-v3rt/ «. a. To turn aside, to turn
off, to put by.
AUGFR, awigur, j. 98. 166. A carpenter's tool
to bore holes with.
AUGHT, awt, s. 393. Any thing.
Jf5» This word is not a pronoun, as Dr. Johnson has
m.irked it, but a substantive.
To AUGMKNT, a \\g-m5nt,' v. a. To increase, to
make bigger or more.
To AUGMENT, awg-m^ut,' v. n. To increase, to
grow bigger.
AUGMENT, SwgimSnt, s. 492. Increase; state of
increase.
AUGMENTATION, aw£.m£n-taish&n, s. The act
of increasing or making bigger ; the state of being made
bigger; the thing added, by which another is made
bigger.
AUGUR, awigur, ». 98. 166. One who pretends
to predict by the flight of birds.
To AUGUR, awigur, v. n. To guess, to conjecture
by signs.
AUGURATION, aw-gu-ra-shEin, j. The practice of
augury.
AUGUREK, awiguT-ur, j. 555. The same with
augur.
AUGURIAL, avv-gfi-ie-U, adj. Relating to augury.
AUGURY, a«if>6-r^, s. 179. The act of prognosti-
cating by omens ; the rules observed by augurs ; an o-
men or prediction.
AUGUST, aw-g&si/ adj. 494. Great, grand, royal,
magnificent.
AUGUST, aw-g&st, s. The name of the eighth month
from January inclusive.
AUGUSTNESS, aw-gusl£n£s, *. Elevation of look,
dignity.
AviARY, aiv£-a-r£, s. 505. A place enclosed to
keep birds in.
AVIDITY, a-vld-^-tt*, s. Greediness, eagerness.
Avrrous, av-e-t&s, ndj. 503. 314. Left by a
man's ancestors. Not used.
To AVIZE, a-vizr/ v. a. To counsel; to bethink
himself, to consider.
AuLD, aw Id, adj. Old. Not used.
AULETICK, aw-l£lilk, adj. 509. Belonging to
pipes.
A U LICK, aw'llk, adj. Belonging to the court.
AuLN, awn, s. A French measure of length, an ell
To AuMAIL, aw-malf,' v. a. To variegate.
AUNT, ant, s. 214. A father or mother's sister.
AVOCADO, av 6-ka-dA, s. A plant. — See Lum-
bago.
To AVOCATE, avi-vo-kate, v. a. 91. To call a-
way.
AVOCATION, av-vA ka-sli&n, s. The act of calling
aside ; the business that calls.
To AVOID, a-v6i(!,' i.. a. 299. To shun, to escape ;
to endeavour to shun ; to evacuate, to quit.
To AVOID, a-voul/ v. n. To retire; to become
void or vacant.
AVOIDABLE, a-vilti-l -bl, adj. That which may be
avoided or escaped.
AVOIDANCE, i-void-anse, s. The act of avoiding ;
the course by which any thing is carried off.
AvoiDER, a-\6Idier, s. 98. The person that shuns
anything; the person that carries any thing away ; the
vessel in which things are carried away.
AVOIDLESS, a-voicl-l£s, adj. Inevitable,
AVOIRDUPOIS, av-er-dii-poiz/ adj. 302. A kind
of weight, of which a pound contains sixteen ounces,
and is in proportion to a pound Troy as 17 to 14.
AVOLATION, av-o-la-sh&n, s. The flying away.
To AVOUCH, a-voitsli,' v. a. To affirm, to main-
tain ; to produce in favour of another ; to vindicate, to
justify.
AVOUCH, a-voursh,' s. 313. Declaration, evidence.
AVOUCHABLE, iUvoutsh-a-bl, adj. That may oe
avouched.
AVOUCHER, a-voutsh-fir, s. He that avouches.
To Avow, a-vou,' v. a. To justify, to declare openly.
AVOWABLE, a-vou-a-bl, adj. That which may be
openly declared.
AVOWAL, a-voii-ll, s. Justificatory declaration.
AVOWEDLY, a-v6u-6d-le, adv. 364. In an avowed
manner.
AvOWEE, av-ou-^/ *. He to whom the right of ad-
vowsou of any church belongs.
A TOWER, a-voii-ftr, s. 98. He that avows or jus-
tifies.
AVOWRY,
i. Where one takes a distress,
the taker shall justify for what cause he took it; which
is called his avowry.
AVOWSAL, a-vou-za!, s. 442. A confession.
AVOWTUY, a-vou-(re, *. Adultery.
AuilATE, an irate, 5. A sort of i>eaE.
39
AW A
nor 167, nit 163— tfjbe 171, tfib 172, bill 173—611 299 — p5find 313— thin 466— THIS 469.
AuRELiA, iw-rd-le'-A, ,». 92. A term used for the
first apparent change of the eruca, or maggot of any
species of insects, me chrysalis.
AURICLE, aw-^-kl, *. 4O5. The external ear ; two
appendages of the heart, being two muscular caps co-
vering the two ventricles thereof.
AURICULA, aw-rlk-u-la, s. 92.
tlower.
Bear's ear, a
AURICULAR, aw-rlk-6-lar, adj. Within the sense
or reach of hearing; secret, told in the ear.
AURICULARLY, aw-rlk-i-lar-l^, adv. In a secret
manner.
AURIFEROUS, aw-rlfcfi-ris, adj. 518. That pro-
duces gold.
AURIGATION, aw-r^-ga-bh&n, s. The act of driv-
ing carnages. Not used.
AuRlST, awirlst, s. One who professes to cure dis-
orders of the ear.
AURORA, aw-ro-ra, s. 545. A species of crow-
foot; the gtxldess that opens the gates of day, poetial-
ly the morning.
AUSCULTATION, aws-kil-taisli&n, s. A hearken-
ing or listening to.
AUSPICE, aw-»pls *. 140. 142. The omens of any
future undertaking drawn from birds ; protection, fa-
vour shown ; influence, good derived to others from
the piety of their patron.
AUSPICIAL, aw-splshm, adj. 292. Relating to
prognosticks.
AUSPICIOUS, aw-splshifts, adj. 292. With omens
of success; prospero
propitious; lucky, h
AUSPICIOUSLY, aw-spish-fli-l£, adv. Happily,
prosperously.
ACSPICIOUSNESS, aw-splsii-&s-n3s, s. Prosperity,
happiness.
AUSTERE, aw-st£re,' adj. Severe, harsh, rigid ; sour
of taste, harsh.
AUSTERELY, aw-st£re-l4, adv. Severely, rigidly.
AUSTERENESS, aw--;t<*rein£s, S. Severity, strict-
of success ; prosperous, fortunate ; favourable, kind,
, happy, applied to things,
iw-splsh-ii-)^, adv.
ness, rigour ; roughness in taste.
AUSTERITY,
s. 511. Severity, mor-
tified life, strictness ; cruelty, harsh discipline.
AUSTRAL, iws-tral, )
3 / i , ._ >• adj. Southern.
AUSTRINE, aws-trln, 140. J
AUTHENTICAL, aw-j/j£n-t£-kal, adj. 509. Au-
thentick.
AUTHENTICALLY, aw-tf<e!nit4-kal-l£, adv. With
circumstances requisite to procure authority.
AUTHENTICALNESS, aw-<A£n-te-kal-nes, s. The
quality of being authentick, genuineness.
To AUTHENTICATE, aw-//,j£nitd-kate, v. a. 91.
To establish any thing by authority.
J£5» I have inserted, this word without any precedent
from our other dictionaries; but it is, in my opinion,
sufficiently established by good usage to give it a place in.
all of them.
AUTHENTICITY,
genuineness.
s. Authority,
AUTHENTICK, aw-/A£r>itik, adj. That which has
every thing requisite to give it authority.
AUTHENTICKLY, liw.t/i&ii-tlk-\&, adv. After an
•uulhcntick manner.
AUTHENTICKNESS, aw-*/j4niilk-n£>, s. Authen-
ticity.
AUTHOR, awi-Mftr, s. 98. 418. The first beginner
or mover of any thing; the efficient, he that effects or
produces any tiling; the first writer of any thing; a
writer in general.
AUTHORESS, aw Vj&r-3s, s. A female writer.
AUTHORITATIVE, aw-M6r^-ta-tiv, adj. Having
due authority; having an air of authority.
AUTHORITATIVELY, aw-^Air^-ia-ilv-lii, adv. In
an authoritative manner; with a show of authority ;
with due authority.
AUTHORITATIVENESS, aw-i/joi^-ta-ilv-nes, s.
Authoritative appearance.
AUTHORITY aw-^ir^e-t^, J. Legal power; influ-
ence, credit; power, rule; support, countenance; tes-
timony; credibility.
B5" This word is sometimes pronounced as if written
autority. This affected pronunciation is traced to a gen-
tleman who was one of the greatest ornaments of the law.
as well as one of the politest scholars of the age, and
whose authority has been sufficient to sway the bench and
the bar, thoug'h author, authentic, theatre, theory, &c.
and a thousand similar words where the tli is heard, are
constantly staring them in the face.
The public ear, however, is not so far vitiated as to
acknowledge this innovation ; for though it may with se-
curity, and even approbation, be pronounced in West-
minster Mall, it would not be quite so safe for an actor to
adopt it on the stage.
I know it will be said, that atttoritas is better Latin,
that the purer Latin never had the A ; and that our word,
which is derived from it, ought, on that account, to omit
it. But it may be observed, that, according to the best
Latin critics, the word ought to be written avctoritas,
and that, according to this reasoning, we ought to write
and pronounce auctority and auctor: but this, I presume,
is farther than these innovators would choose to go. The
truth is, such singularities of pronunciation should be lift
to the lower order of critics, who, like coxcombs in dress,
would be utterly unnoticed if they were not distinguished
by petty deviations from the rest of the world.
AUTHORIZATION, aw-*/<A-rd-za-shun, s. Estab-
lishment by authority.
To AUTHORIZE, aw^Ai-rlze, v. a. To give au
thority to any person ; to make any thing legal ; to e-
stablish any thing by authority ; to justify, to prove a
thing to be right ; to give credit to any person or thing
AUTOCRASY, dw-t6k-ri-s4, *_518. Independent
power.
AUTOCRATRICE, iw-t&k^ra-trls, *. A female ab-
solute sovereign.
AUTOGRAPH, iw£t6-graf, *. A particular person's
own writing, the original.
AUTOGRAPHICAL, aw-tA-grifi^-kal, adj. Of
one's own writing.
AUTOMATICAL, aw-ti-mati<i-kal, adj. Having
the power of moving itself.
AUTOMATON, tw-tomia-ton, *. A machine that
hath the power of motion within itself.
AUTOMATOUS, aw-tSm£a-ttls, adj. Having in it-
self the power of motion.
AUTONOMY, aw.t6n-ii6-tn<*, s. 518. The living
accord.ng to one's own mind and prescription. Not in
use.
AUTOPSY, aiviti>p-s4, $. Ocular demonstration.
AUTOPTICAL, aw-t6j-'-:^-kil, adj. Perceived by
one's own eyes.
AUTOPTICALLY, iw-topit^-kil-le, adv. By means
of one's own eyes.
AUTUMN, IwAjbm, s. 41 1. The season of the year
between summer and winter.
AUTUMNAL, uw-tCm.-i.al, adj. Belonging to au-
tumn.
AVULSION, a-vtil^h&n, s. The act of pulling one
thing from another.
AUXESIS, awg-zei»Is, s. 478. 520. Amplifica-
tion.
AUXILIAR, awg-zll-yir, s. 478. Helper, assis-
tant
AUXILIARY, ftwg-zll-y!«rd, adj. Helping, assist-
ing.
AUXILIATION, awg-zlW-a-bh&i), S. Help, aid.
To AWAIT, a-wate,' v. a. To expect, to wait for ;
to attend, to be in store for.
AWAIT, iV-watt,' s. Ambush.
To AWAKE, a-wake,' v. a. To rouse out of sleep ;
to raise from any state resembling sleep ; to put into
new action.
To AWAKE, i-wake,' v. n. To break from sleep, to
cease to sleep.
AWAKE, a-wakt,' adj. Without sleep, not sleeping.
To AWAKEN, a-wa-kn, 103. — See Awoke.
To A\VAH», ?i-uar<),' r. a. To adjudge, to giv«
any thing by a judicial «mence; to juiige, U> dvtur-
mine.
AZU 40 BAG
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — me 93, mil 95 — pine 10 5. pin 107 — n4 1 62, m&re
AWARD, i- wird/ t. Judgment, sentence, determi-
nation.
AWARE, a-warr,' adj. Vigilant, attentive.
To AWARE, a-ware,' v. n. To beware, to be cau-
tious.
AWAY, a-wa/ adv. Absent from any place or per-
son; let us go; begone; out of one's own power.
AWE, 4*, *. Reverential fear, reverence.
To AWE, aw, v. a. To strike with reverence or
fear.
AWEBAND, Sw-bind, *. A check.
AWFUL, iwiffil, adj. 173. 406. That which
strikes with a«e, or fills with reverence; worshipful,
invested with dignity; struck with awe, timorous.
AWFULLY, aw-ful-li, adv. In a reverential man-
ner.
AWFULNESS, Swiffil-n£s, *. The quality of strik-
ing with awe, solemnity; the state of being struck
with awe.
AWHILE, a-whlle,' adv. 397. Some time.
AWKWARD, <t*k-«fira, adj. 475. Inelegant, un-
B
JJAA, bi, s. 77. The cry of a sheep.
To BAA, ba, v. n. To cry like a sheep.
To BABBLE, bab-bl, v. n. 405. To prattle like a
child; to bilk idly ; to tell secret; to talk much.
BABBLE, blb-bl, «. Idle talk, senseless prattle.
BABBLEMENT, bJbibl-m£nt, s. Senseless prate.
BABBLER, blb-bl Cir, s. 98. An idle talker; a tel-
ler of secrets.
BABE, babe, *. An infant.
BABERY, baMjir-re, s. 555. Finery to please a
babe or child.
BABISH, ba-bish, adj. Childish.
BABOON, ba-b66n,' *. A monkey of the largest
kind.
BABY, ba^be, s. vulgarly babi-b£. A child, an in-
fant; a small image in imitation of a child, which girls
play with.
politf, untaught; unready, * unhandy, clumsy; per- , BACCATED, bak-ka-te'd, adj. Beset with pearls ;
verse, untoward.
AWKWARDLY, awk-w&rd-li, adv. Clumsily, un-
readily, inelegantly.
AWKWARDNESS, Iwk'u &rd-n£s, *. Inelegance,
want of gentility, clumsiness.
AWL, all, s. A pointed instrument to bore holes.
AwLESS, awM£s, adj. Without reverence ; without
the power of causing reverence.
AwME, awm, s. A Dutch measure answering to
what in England is called a tierce, or one-sevenlh of
an English ton.
AWN, awn, ». The slender sharp substance growing
to the valves of corn or grass, and frequently called
beard
AWNING, iwinlng, *. 410. A cover spread over
a boat or vessel to keep off the weather.
AwOKE, a-w6ke,' The preterite of Awake.
A WORK, a-w&rk/ adv. 165. On work, in a state
of labour.
AUORKING, a-w&rk-ing, adv. In the state of work-
ing.
AWRY, a-rl,' adv. 474. Not in a straight direction,
obliquely; asquint, with oblique vision; not level,
unevenly; not equally between two points; not in a
right state, perversely.
AXE, aks, s. An instrument consisting of a metal
head, with a sharp edge.
AXILLAR, aksUl-Iar, 478.7
AXILLARY, IksUl-la-re, "4' **»*"» to
th* arm-pit. — See Maxillary.
AXIOM, ak-.hfrm, *. 479. A proposition trident
at first sight.
AXIS, ak-sls, j. The line, real or imaginary, that
passes through any thing on which it may revolve.
AXLE, ak-sl, 405. )
AXI.E-TREE, ikW-tr«. \ *' ™
through the midst of the wheel, on
volutions of the wheel are performed.
AY, at*, adv. 105. Yes.
jfj- Sec Directions to Foreigners prefixed to this Dic-
tionary.
AYE, ae, adv. Always, to eternity, for ever.
AYGREF.N, ae-green, s. The same with houseleek
AYRY, a-re, adj — See Airy.
A/IMUTH, ta&taHttk, ». The azimuth of the sun,
or of a star, is an arch between the meridian of the
place and any given vertical line; magnetical azimuth,
is an arch of the horizon contained between the sun's
a/nnuih circle and the magnetical meridian : azimuth
compass, is an instrument used at sea for finding the
sun's magnetical azimuth.
pin which
hich the circum-
having many berries.
BACCHANALIAN, bik-ka-naMe-an, i. A drunk-
ard.
BACCHANALS, blk-ka-r.ilz, *. The drunken feasU
of Bacchus.
BACCHANTES, blk-kan-t^z, * The mad priests of
Bacchus.
BACCHUS BOLE, bak-kfis-bile, *. A flower, not
tall, but very tull and Ijroad-leaved.
BACCIFEROUS, bak-sitni-i&s, adj. 555. Berry-
bearing
BACHELOR, batshi4-l&r, 5. A man unmarried ; a
man who takes his first degrees ; a knight of the lowest
order.
BACHELOR'S BUTTON, batsh^-l&rz-b&ti-tn,*. 1 70.
Campion, an herb.
BACHELORSHIP, bltsh'e-l&r-shlp, s. The condi-
tion of a bachelor.
BACK, bak, s. The hinder part of the body ; the
outer part of the hand when it is shut ; the rear ; the
place behind ; the part of any thing out of sight ; th«
thick part of any tool, opposed to the edge.
BACK, bak, adj. To the place whence one came ;
backward from the present station ; behind, not coming
forward; toward things past ; again, iu return ; again,
a second time.
To BACK, bak, v. n. To mount a horse ; to break
a horse; to place upon the back; to maintain, to
strengthen; to justify, to support; to second.
To BACKBITE, bakibite, v. a. To censure or re-
proach the absent.
BACKBITER, blk^bi-tur, s. A privy calumniator,
a ccusurer of the absent.
BACKDOOR, bak-dori.-, s. The door behind th«
house.
BACKED, bakt, adj. 359. Having a back.
BACKFRIEND, bak-fie:id, 5. An enemy in secret.
BACKGAMMON, bAk-glmi-m&n, *. 166. A play
or game with dice and tables.
BACKHOUSE, blkihouie, *. The building behind
the chief pait of the house.
BACKPIECE, bik-p^ese, *. The piece of armour
which covers the back.
BACKROOM, bikiroOm, *. A room behind.
BACKSIDE, bak-side, s. The hinder part of any
thing; the hind part of an animal; the yard 01 ground
behind a house.
To BACKSLIDE, bak-slide/ v. n. 497. To fall off.
£5- 1 have in this word preferred Dr. Johnson's ac-
centuation on the second syllable, to Mr. Sheridan's on
the first: for the reasons", see Principles, under the
boily.
*. The mercury of any metallic \ number marked. Dr. Ash, Eutick, Scott, and Perry,
» ' ' or., ,+rt »!*D el,!*} f\f Mr ^*ht.nj(an • and llr. .MWlfMrwi r»»-.^
are on the side of Mr. Sheridan ; and Dr. Johnson and
1» UJL j- AO* I W. Johnston only on that which 1 have chosen ; but Mr.
a-zimre, adj. 484. 461. Blue, faint blu«. j Sheridan and Dr. Aih, by marking the noujj backttidir
BAT
41
BAL
K7, n&t 16S— t6be 171, t&b 172, bfill 173 — 61! 299 — p<5find 313 — t/t'tn 466 — THis 46>.'1
with the accent on the second syllable, as it is always
heard, have betraved their pronunciation of Ihe verb ; for
one of these modes must oe wrong, as the verbal noun
must unquestionably have the same accent as the verb.
BACKSLIDER, bik-slUd&r, s. 98. An apostate.
BACKSTAFF, bik-stif, s. An instrument useful in
taking the sun's altitude at sea.
BACKSTAIRS, bik-siarz, s. The private stairs in a
house.
BACKSTAYS, bik-st&ze, *. Ropes which keep the
mast from pitching forward.
BACKSWORD, bik-sArd, s. A sword with one sharp
edge.
BACKWARDS, bikiw&rdz, adv. 88. With the back
forwards ; towards the back ; on the back ; from the
present station to the place behind ; regressively ; to-
wards something past ; out of the progressive state ;
from a better to a worse state; past, in time past
BACKWARD, bik-w&rd, adj. Unwilling, averse;
hesitating; sluggish, dilatory ; dull, not quick or ap-
prehensive.
BACKWARD, bikiwftrd, arlv. The things past
BACKWARDLY, bik-w&rd-l^, adv. Unwillingly,
aversely.
BACKWARDNESS, bik^w&rd-n^s, s. Dulness. slug-
gishness.
BACON, ba^kn, ». 17O. The flesh of a hog salted
and dried.
BAD, bid, adj. Ill, not good ; vicious, corrupt ; un-
fortunate, unhappy ; hurtful, unwholesome; sick.
BADE, bad, 75. The preterite of Bid.
BADGE, bidje, s. 74. A mark or cognuance worn ;
a token by which one is known; the mark of any
thing.
To BADGE, bidje, v. a. To mark.
BADGER, bidfj&r, j. 98. A brock, »n animal
BADGER, bid-j&r, s. One that buys corn and vic-
tuals in one place, and carries it into another.
BADLY, bid-l£, adv. Not well.
BADNESS, bid-n£s, s. Want of good qualities.
To BAFFLE, bif-fl, v. a. 405. To elude ; to con-
found ; to crush.
BAFFLER, bi£fl&r, «. 98. He that baffles.
BAG, big, s. A sack or pouch ; that part of ani-
mals in which some particular juices are contained, as
the poison of vipers ; an oinameiital purse of silk tied
to men's hair ; a term used to signify quantities, as a
bag of pepper.
To BAG, big, v. a. To put into a bag ; to load
with a bug.
To BAG, big, v. n. To swell like a full l>ag.
BAGATELLE, big-a-te!,' s. A trifle. Not Eng-
lish.
BAGGAGE, bigi^Idje, s. 90. The furniture of an
army ; a worthless woman.
BAGNIO, biniy6, & 388. A house for battling and
sweating.
BAGPIPE, bigiplpe, *. A musical instrument, con-
sisting of a leathern bag, and pipes.
BAGPIPER, big-pi-pur, *. 98. One that plays on
a bagpipe.
BAIL, bale, s. Bail is the freeing or setting at li-
berty one arrested or imprisoned upon action either
civil or criminal, under security taken for his ap|>ear-
ance.
To BAIL, bale, v. a. To give bail for another ; to
admit to bail.
BAILABLE, baili-bl, adj. 4O5. That may be set at
liberty by bail.
BAILIFF, baMif, *. A subordinate officer ; an officer
whose business it is to execute arrests; an under stew-
ard of a manor.
BAILIWICK, ba-l^-wik, /. The |Jace of the juris-
diction of a baililV.
To BAIT, bale, v. a. To put meat to tempt ani-
mals.
TII BA/T, bits, v a To set dog< upon
To BAIT, bate, v. n. To slop at any place for re-
freshment ; to clap the wings, to flutter.
BAIT, bate, s. Meat set to allure animals to a snare ;
a temptation, an enticement ; a refreshment on a jour-
ney.
BAIZE, bfbe, s. A kind of coarse open cloth.
To BAKE, bake, v. a. To heat any thing in a close
place; to dress in an oven; to harden in the fire; to
harden with heat.
To BAKE, bake, v. n. To do the work of bak-
ing.
BAKEHOUSE, bakeihoise, *. A place for baking
bread.
BAKER, ba-kir, t. 98. He whose trade it to
bake.
BALANCE, bil-lAnse, «. A pair of scales; the act
of comparing two things; the overplus of weight ; that
which is wanting to make two parts of an account even ;
equipoise; the beating part of a watch ; in astronomy,
one of the signs, Libra.
To BALANCE, l>a -linse, v. «. To wei-h In a ba-
lance; to counterpoise; to regulate an account; to
pay that which is wanting.
To BALANCE, bal-lansi-, v. n. To hesitate, to fluc-
tuate.
BALANCER, bil-lin-s&r, *. The person that
weighs.
BALASS RUBY, bal^as-ri^, s. A kind of ruby.
BALCONY, bal-kA-ne, s. A frame of wood, or stone,
before the window of a room.
BALD, bawld, adj. Without hair; without natural
covering ; unadorned, inelegant ; stripped, without
dignity.
BALDERDASH, bawlidor-dash, s. Rude mixture.
BALDLY, b&wld-l£, adv. Nakedly, meanly, inele-
gantly.
BALDMONY, bawld-m&n-ne., ». Gentian, a plant.
BALDNESS, bawldin&>, s. The want of hair ; th«
loss of hair ; meanness of writing.
BALDRICK, bawlidrlk, s. A girdle; the zodiack.
BALE, bale, *. A bundle of goods.
BALEFUL, bale-f&l, adj. Sorrowful, sad ; full or
m ischief.
BALEFULLY, baleiful-1^, adv. Sorrowfully, mis-
chievously.
BALK, blwk, *. 402. 84. A great beam.
BALK, bawk, s. A ridge of land left unploughed.
BALK, bawk, s. Disappointment when least ex-
pected.
To BALK, bawk, v. a. 402. To disappoint, to
frustrate ; to miss any thing.
BALKEHS, biwik&rz, *. 98. Men who give a sign
which way the shoal of herrings is.
BALL, biwl, s. 33. 77. Any thing made in s
round fonii ; a round thing to play with ; a glotie ; a
globe boriMt as an ensign of sovereignty ; any part of th«
body that «pproaches to roundness.
BALL, bawl, «. An entertainment of dancing.
BALLAD, bil-lad, s. A song.
BALLAD-SI NGEB, bil-lAd_slng-&r, t. One whose
employment is to sing ballads in the streets.
BALLAST, bit-list, s. 88. Something put at the
bottom of a ship to keep it steady.
BALLETTE, billet, s. A dance.
BALLOON, bAl-lSon,' s. A large round short-necked
vessel used in chemistry ; a ball placed on a pillar; a
ball of pasteboard, stuffed with combustible matter,
which is shot up into the air, and then bursts ; a large
hollow ball of silk filled with g/m, which makes it rise
into the air.
BALLOT, bil-l&t, *. 166. A little ball or ticket
used in giving votes; the act of voting by ballot.
To BALLOT, bi!il&t, »>. w. To choose by ballot.
BALLOTATION, bil-lA-ta-shun, s. The act of vot,
ing by ballot.
BALM, bam, s. 403. The sap or juice of a shrub.
BAN 42 BAR
559. Fate 7S, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, met 95 — p5ne 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 164,
remarkably odoriferous; any valuable or fragrant oint-
ment; anything that soothes or mitigates pain — See
No. 79 in the Note.
BALM, b&m, *. The name of a plant.
BALM OF GILEAD, bam-if-gl)-yad, s. The juice
drawn from the balsam tree ; a plant having a strong
halsamick scent
BANEFCI.NESS, bane-lul-n&s, *. Poisonous,-irs«,
destructiveness.
BANEWORT, bane-wirt, s. 88. Deadly night-
shade.
To BANG, bang, v. a. 409. To beat, to thump ;
to handle roughly.
BANG, bang, s. A blow, a thump.
BALNEATION, bil-n^-a-sli&n, s. The act of bath-
BALNEATORY, bal-n£ a-t&r-r£, adj. 512. 557.
Belonging to a bath.
BALSAM, bawlis&m, s. 88. Ointment, unguent
BALSAM APPLE, b4wli»im-ap-pJ, s. An Indian
plant
BALSAMICAL, bal-samie-kal, 84.
BALSAMIC, bal-sam-ik, 509.
ous, mitigating.
BALUSTRADE, bal-fis-trade,' s. Rows of little pil-
lars called balusters.
J^f* This word is often corrupted into banisters, as, the
banisters of a staircase.
Balustrade means the row of small pillars supporting
the guard of a staircase, taken collectively ; as a colonnade
Unctu-
ees of
means a collection of columns in regular order ; but, be-
tides this collective term, there is the distributive Balus-
ters, meaning either the whole of the balustrade, or any
part of it, as each of the small pillars that compose it may
ue called a baluster.
BAMBOO, bain-bod,' s. An Indian plant of the reed
kind.
To BAMBOOZLE, bam-b6o-zl, r. a. To deceive,
to impose upon. A low wotd.
BAMBOOZLEB, bim-boo-zl&r, s. A cheat.
BAN, ban, *. Public notice given of any thing; a
curse ; excommunication ; interdiction ; Ban of the
Empire, a public censure by which the privilegi
any German prince are suspended.
BANANA TBEE, ba-na-na-tree, s. Plantain.
BAND, band, s. A tic, a bandage ; a chain by which
any animal is kept in restraint ; any union or connex-
ion ; any thing bound round another ; a company of
persons joined together ; a particular kind of neckcloth
worn chiefly by the clergy ; in architecture, any flat
low moulding, fascia, face, or plinth.
To BAND, band, v a. To unite together into one
body or troop ; to bind over with a band.
BANDAGE, ban-didje, s. 9O. Something bound over
another; the fillet or roller wrapped over a wounded
member.
BANDBOX, bandiboks, $. A slight box used for
bands, and other things of small weight
BANDELET, bauide-l&t, «. Any fiat moulding or
fillet
BANDIT, bandit, ?
BANDITTO, ban-dititA, $ fc An outlawea robber'
BANDITTI, ban-dU-(£, *, A company of outlawed
robbers.
BANDOG, blnidog, s. A mastiff.
BANDOLEERS, ban-do leerz, 5. Small wooden cases
covered with leather, each of them containing powder
that is a sufficient charge for a musket.
BANDROL, band-roll, «. A little flag or strea-
mer.
BANDY, b-\nidi, *. A club turned round at bottom
for striking a ball.
To BANDY, banide, v. a. To beat to and fro, or
from one to another ; to give and take reciprocally ; to
agitate, to toss about
BANDYLEG, bangle-leg, s. A crooked leg.
BANDYLEGGED, binide-le^d, adj. 362. Having
crooked legs.
BANK, bane, s. Poison; mischief, ruin.
To BANE, bane, v. n. To |>oison.
BANEFUI, biueilul, adj. Poi»onoui ; destructive.
from his own country.
BANISHMENT, bAn-nVh-m&nt, s. The act of ba.
nishing another; the state of being banished, exile.
BANK, ban»k, 3. 409 The earth rising on
each side of a water; any heap of earth piled up; a
bench of rowers ; a place where money is laid up to be
called for occasionally ; the company of persons con-
cerned in managing a bank.
To BANK, bangk, v. a. To lay up money in a
bank ; to enclose with banks.
BANK-BILL, bangkiblll, s. A note for money laid
up in a bank, at the sight of which the money is paid.
BANKER, bangk-&r, *. 98. One that traffic** in
money.
BANKRUPTCY, bangk-i&p-s£, *. 472. The state
of a man broken, or bankrupt ; the act of declaring
one's self bankrupt
BANKRUPT, bangk-r&pt, adj. In debt beyond the
power of payment.
BANNER, ban-n&r, s. 98. A flag, a standard ; a
streamer borne at the end of a lance.
BANNERET, ban-nfir-et, *. A knight made in tht
field.
BANNEROL, ban-n&r-r6ll, * 555. A little flag or
streamer.
BANNIAN, ban-yan,' s. A man's undress, or morn-
ing gown.
BANNOCK, bininuk, *. 166. A kind of oaten or
pease-meal cake.
BANQUET,.bangkikw£t, s. 408. A feast
To BAXQUET,-bangkikwet, v. n. 409. To feast,
to fair daintily.
BANQUETER, bangk-kw^t-&r, s. A feaster ; one
that lives deliciously ; he that makes feasts.
BANQUET-HOUSE, bangk-kwet-hou^e,
BANQUETING HOUSF., bingk-kwe/t-ing-hoise,
$. A house where banquets are kept
BANQUETTE, bangk-ke,i/ s. A small bank at the
foot of the parapet.
BANSTICLE, ban-stlk-kl, S. 405. A small fish, a
stickleback.
To BANTER, ban^tur, v. o. 98. To play upon, te
rally.
BANTER, ban-lfir, «. Ridicule, raillery.
BANTERER, bin-ltir-&r, s. One that banters.
BANTLING, bantiling, *. A little child.
BAPTISM, bap-tizm, *. Baptism is given by water
and that prescript form of words which the church of
Christ doth use; baptism is often taken in bcnptuie
for sufferings.
BAPTISMAL, bap-tiz-mal, adj. Of or pertaining to
baptism.
BAPTIST, bapitist, $. He that administers bap-
tism.
BAPTISTERY, bapi(ls-t&r-^, & 555. The place
where the sacrament of baptism is administered.
To BAPTIZE, bip-tlzt-,' v. a. To christen, to ad-
minister the sacrament of baptism.
| BAPTIZER. bap-li-z&r, j. 98. One that christens,
one that administers baptism.
BAR, bar, s. 77. A piece of wood laid across a pas-
sage to hinder entrance ; a bolt to fasten a door ; any
obstacle ; a rock or bank at the entrance of a harbour ;
any thing used for prevention ; the place where cmisei
of "law are tried; an enclosed place in a tavern where
the housekeeper sits; in law. a peremptory exception
againtt a demand or plea; any thing by' which th«
BAK
43
BAR
nor 167, n&t 163 — tibe 171, t&b 172, bull 173— oil 299— pound 313 — tlim 466 — Tllis 469.
BARGAINEE, b&r-gln-nee,' *. He or the that ac.
cepts a bargaiii.
BARGAINER, bai-gin-nfir, s. 98- The person who
proffers or makes a bargain.
BAUGE, barje, s. A boat for pleasure; a boat for
burden.
BARGEA, bar-jur, s, 98. The manager of a barge.
BARK, !>a>k, s. The rind or covering of a tree; a
small ship.
To BARK, bark, c. a. To strip trees of their bark.
To BARK, bark, v. n. To make the noise which a
a dog makes; to clamour at.
BARKER, bar-kftr, s. 93 One that barks or cla-
mours; one employed in stripping trees.
BARKY, bai-k<*, adj. Consisting of bark.
BARLEY, bat-1^, s. 270. A grain, of which ma.
is made.
BARLEYBRAKE, barbie-brake, s. A kind of rural
play.
BARLEYCORN, bar'le-kdrn, s. A grain of barley.
BARM, barm, s. Yeast, the ferment put into drink
to make it work.
BARMY, bar-in^, adj. Containing barm.
BARN, barn, s. A place or house for laying up any
sort of grain, hay, or straw.
BARNACLE, bai-na kl, s. 405. A bird like a goose,
fabulously supposed to grow on trees; a species of
shell-fish.
BAROMETER, ba-iomimtMiir, s. 51 8. A machine
for measuring the weight of the atmosphere, and the
variations in it, in order chiefly to determine the
changes of the weather.
BAROMETRICAL, bar-&-m£i£tr£-kal, adj. 5O9
515. Relating to the barometer.
BARON, bar-rfin, s. 166. A degree of nobility
next to a viscount ; barnn is one of the judges in the
cvturt of exchequer; there are also barons of the cinque
ports, that have places in the Icfwer house of parlia-
ment ; baron is used in law for the husband in relation
to his wife.
BARONAGE, baiirfin-adje, *. 90. The dignity of
a baron.
BARONESS, bar-rfin-e's, s. 557. A baron's lady.
BARONET, bar-run-^t, s. 557. The lowest de-
gree of honour that i» hereditary .; it is b. low a baron,
and above a knight.
BARONY, bai -i un-£, s 557. That honour or lord,
ship that gives title to a baron.
BAROSCOPE, bar-ro skope, *. An instrument to
show the weight of the atmosphere.
BARRACAN, barira-kan, s. A strong thick kind o/
camelot.
BARRACK, bar-rak, s. A building to lodge sol-
diers.
BARRATOR, bariri-t&r, *. A wrangler, an cucou-
rager of lawsuits.
BARRATRY, barira-tr^, s. Foul practice in law.
BARREL, bit Ml, s. 99. A round wooden vessel to
be stopped close ; a vessel containing liquor; anything
hollow, as the barrel of a gun ; a cylinder.
To BARREL, bar-ril, v. a. To put any thing in a
barrel.
BARREN, bai-r£n, adj. Not prolifick ; unfruitful,
not fertile, sterile; not copious, scanty ; unmeaning,
uninventive, dull.
structure is held together ; bars in music, are strokes
drawn perpendicularly across the lines of a piece of
music, used to regulate the heating or measure of mu-
sical time.
To BAR, bar, f. a. To fasten or shut ar,y thing
with a bolt or bar; to hinder, to obstruct; to prevent;
to shut out from ; to exclude from a claim ; to prohi-
bit; to except; to hinder a suit.
BARK, Iwrlv, s. Any thing that grows in the place
of the beard ; the points that stand backward in an ar-
row ; the armour for horses.
BARB, barb, s. A Barbary horse.
To BARB, barb, v. a. To shave, to dress out the
beard ; to furnish the horse with armour ; to jag ar-
rows with hooks.
BARB AC AN, bar^ba-kan, s. A fortification placed
before the walls of a town; an opening in the wall
through which the guns arc levelled.
BARBADOES CHERRY, b£r-l>a-dftz-tsb£r-r4, s.
166. A pleasant tart fruit in the West Indies.
BARBARIAN, bar-lut-r^-an, s. A man uncivilized,
a savage ; a foreigner ; a man without pity.
BARBARICK, bar-bir-ik, adj. Foreign, far-fetch-
ed.
BARBARISM, baribA-rlzm, s. A form of speech
contrary to the purity of language; ignorance of arts,
want of learning ; brutality, savagcncss of manners,
incivility ; cruelty, hardness of heart.
BARBARITY, bar-bar^e-t^, s. Savageness, incivili-
ty; cruelty, inhumanity, impurity of speech.
To BARBARIZE, blr-bi-rize, v. a. To make bar-
barous.
BARBAROUS, bariba-r&s, adj. 31 4. Stranger toci-
vilitv, savage, uncivilized; unacquainted with arts;
cruel, inhuman.
BARBAROUSLY, bar^ba-'fis-l^.oA'. Without know-
ledge of arts ; in a manner contrary to the rules of
speech ; cruelly, inhumanly.
BARBAROUSNESS, bariba-r&s-n£s, *. incivility of
•manners; impurity of language; cruelty.
To BARBECUE, bai -be-ku, v. a. A term for dress-
ing a hog whole.
BARBECUE, bar-be- kfi, s. A hog dressed whole.
BARBED, bai-bdd, or barbd, 362. 1-urnLshed with
armour; bearded, jagged with hooks.
BARBEL, bai-bl, s. 102. 405. A kind offish found
in rivers.
BARBER, bar-bur, «. 98. A man who shaves die
beard.
BARBERRY, bariher-r^, s. Pipperidge bush.
BARD, bard, s. 77. A poet.
BARE, bare, adj. Naked, without covering ; unco-
vered in respect; unadorned, plain, simple; detected,
without concealment ; poor, without plenty; mere;
threadbare, much worn; not united with auy thing
else.
To BARE, bare, v. a. To strip.
BARE, bare. Preterite of To Bear. Almost obso-
lete.
BAREBONE, bare-bone, s. A very lean person.
BAREFACED, bare-fast*'/ adj. 359. With the face
naked, not masked; shameless, unreserved.
BAREFACEDLY, bare-fa .tt^le, tula. 364. Openly,
shamelessly, without disguise.
BAREKACEDNESS, bare-faste£n£s, *. 365. Efl'ron-
tery, assurance, audaciousness.
BAREFOOT, barc-fut, 7
i » ir*. i i f (i('). W 'thout shoes.
BAREFOOTED, bare-fut-ed, i •
BAREHEADED, bari>-!i£J-d&l, adj. Uncovered in
respect.
BARELY, barc-li, adu. Nakedly ; merely, only.
BARENESS, barein^s, *. Nakedness; leanness; po-
verty ; meanness of clothes.
BARGAIN, bar-gin, «. 2O8. A contract or agree-
ment concerning sale; the thing bought or sold; sti-
pulation.
To BARGAIN, bai -gin, v. n. To make B contract
for sale.
BARRENLY, barirfin-le, adv. Unfruitful!)-.
BARRENNESS, barir£n-ne\ s. Want of the power
of procreation; unt'ruitfulness, sterility; want of in-
vention; want of matter ; in theology," want of sensi-
bility.
BARRENWORT, barirfn-wfirt, s. A plant
BARRFUL, bariful, adj. Full of obstructions— pro-
pcrly Jtorful.
BARRICADE, bar-r^-ki'irlr,' .•;. A fortification m;xie
to kci p on" an attack ; any stop, bar, obstruction.
To HAIUUCADE, bir-re-kacK,' v. a. to stop up a
pasta**!.
BAS
44
BAT
|5>- 559. FAtt- 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m& 9.5— pine tO5, pin J07— no 162, n 6tel *>'
BARRJCAMO, bar-ri kai*16, *. A fortification, a
bar — See Lumbago.
To BAIUUCAOO, bar-r£-kaidA, v. n. To fortify, to
bar.
BAKUIER. bar-ri ftr, .t. 98. A barricade, an en-
trenchment: a fortification, or strong place: a stop,
*n obstruction ; a bar to mark the limits of any place ;
a boumbrv.
Jrt- I'oi*', by the license of his art, pronounced this
word in two syllables, with the accent on the last, as if
written Imr-rfer.
" T«iii that and reason what a nire »am'«T/
••• for e»er tep'rate yet for ever near."
Bmay an Man, Kf. \. ». SIS. '
And yet in another part of his works he places the ac-
cent on* the tirst syllable, as we always hear it in prose.
BARRISTER, barirls-tftr, s. A person qualified to
to plcacf the causes of cfients in the courts of justice.
BARROW, har-ri, *. Any carriage moved by the
hand, as » hnnrfbarrow.
EARSHOT, bArish&f, ». Two bullets or half bnllets
joined by a bar, and used chiefly at sea to cut down the
masts arid rigging of ships.
To BARTER, bariifir, tr. n. 98. To traffiek by ex-
changing one commodity for another.
To BARTER, bai-lir, v. a. To give any thing in
exchange.
BARTER, l>5rit&r, s. The act or practice of traf-
ficking by exchange.
BA-RTTRER, bar-tir-fer, ». He that traflBckj by
exchange.
BARTERY, bir-l&r-ri, j. 555. Exchange of com-
modities.
BARTRAM, bXrilrSm, ». A plant, pellitory.
BARYTONE, baii£-t6ne, *.
J£5» A word with the grave accent on the last syllable.
If the inspector does not know what is meant "by the
grave accent, it may be necessary to inform him, that
writers on the Greek accent tell us that every syllable
which has not the acute accent has the grave; and as
there could be but one syllable acuted in that language,
the rest must necessarily be grave. What these accents
are has puzzled th<% learned so much, that they seem nei-
ther tn understand each other nor themselves ; but it were
to be wished they had kept this distinction into acute and
grave out of our own language, as it is impossible to an-
nex any clear idea* to it, except we consider the grave
accent merely as the absence of the acute, which reduces
it to no accent at all. If we divide the voice into its two
leading inflections, the rising and falling, and call the
former the acute and the latter the grave, we can annex
distinct ideas to these words: and perhaps it is an igno-
tHiicv of this distinction of sneaking sounds, and con-
founding them with high and low, or loud and soft, that
occasions the confusion we meet with in writers on this
niton* — See- Ktinrnti of K/ocution, page &'. Also Ob-
servation* on the O-eek and Latin Accent and Quantity,
at the cml of the Key to the Ctatricat Pronunciation oj
Creek- and fxi/tn Proper Nante.3.
BASALTES, ba--a|it4z, s. A kind of maibte, never
found in layers, but standing upright.
BASE, base, adj. Mean, vile, worthless j disinge-
irious, illiberal, ungenerous; of low station, of mean
account; lase-born, born out of wedlock; applied to
met 'Is. without value; applied to sounds, deep, grave.
BASK-BORN, b&wtboru. adj. Bom out of wed-
lock.
BASE-COURT, baseik&rt, s. Lower court.
BASE-MINDED, base-tnladi<kl, adj. Mean spirit-
ed.
BASE- VIOL, b&se-vl-fil, *. 166. An instrument
used 111 concerts for the base sound.
BASE. ba*e, *. The bottom of any thing ; the pe-
destal of a statue; the bottom of a cone; stockings;
the place from which racers or titters rim ; the stiuif
thiit cive« a base sound : an old nistick play.
BASKI.Y, I>WM«1, adv. Meanly, dh,honourably ; in
iDwlHidv. :L« basely Ixirn.
BASENESS, basein^-, j. Meanness, rileness j vilc-
uca» ot iiivtal i bactardy ; deepness of sound.
BASHAW, bash-aw,' 3. Among the Turks, the vice.
roy of a province.
BASHtTL, bash-fM, ailj. Modest, shamefaced,
shy.
BASHFULLY, blsliiful-l£, adv. Timorously, mo.
BASHFULSESS, b;\sh-ful-n£s, s. Modesty ; foohsh
or rustic shame.
BASIL, liaz-il, 5. The name of a plant.
BASILICA, ba-zlW-ka, t. The middle vein of th«
arm.
BASILICA. ba-zlW-kl, *. The basihck vein.
BASILICK, ba-zil-.lk, adj. 494. Belonging to the ba-
silica.
B.4SIL1CK, bizMl-Ilk, s. The basilirk vein ; a larg*
hall.
BAS1LICON, ba-zl'^e-kin, 5. AH ointment, called
also tetrapharmacon.
BASILISK. bazit-ll-k, *. A kind of serpent, a cock,
atrice, said to ki'l by looking. He is called tiasili.-k,
or little king, from a comb or crest on his head ; a sj«-
cies of cannon.
BASIN, ba-sn, s. 405- A small vessel to hold wa-
ter for washing, or o^her uses ; a small pond ; a part of
the sea enclosed in rocks; any hollow place capacious
of liquids ; a dock for repairing and building ships ; Ba-
sin; of a Balance, the same with the scales.
BASIS, ba-sls, s. Tl>e foundation of any thing ; the
lowest of the three principal parts of a column; that
on which any thing is raised ; tin: pedestal ; the groundV
work.
To BASK, bask, i>. a. 79. To warm by laying out
in the heat
To BASK, bisk, v. n. To lie in a place to leceire
heat.
BASKET, bas-klt, ». 99. A vessel made of twigs,
rushes, or splinters.
BASKET HILT, ba-'klt-bllt, .«. 99. A hilt of a
weapon so made as to contain the whole hand.
BASKET-WOMAN, ba-yikit-wum-Cm, s. 166. A wo.
man that plies at market with a basket.
BASS, base, adj. properly BASE. In musick,
grave, deep.
BASS-VIOL, base-vW), * 166. See Sase-vtoL
BASS, bas, s. A mat used in churches.
BASS-RELIEF, b£s-r£-l&(? s. Sculpture, the figures
of which do not stand out from the ground in their
full proportion.
BASSET, basislt, S 99. A game at cards.
BASSOON, bas-s56p,' *. A musical instrument of lb«
wind kind, blown with a reed.
BASTARD, bls-:ard, *. 88. A person born of a wo-
man out of wedlock ; any thing spurious.
BASTARD, bas-tard, adj. Begotten out of wedlock;
spurious, supposititious, adulterate.
To BASTARDIZE, ba.sitar.dire, r. a. To convict
of being a bastard ; to beget a bastard.
BASTARDLt, biU-iurd-le, adv. In the manner of
a bastard.
BASTARDY, bus-tHr-dt1. *. An unlawful state of
birth, which disables a child from succeeding to an in-
heritance.
To BASTE, baste, ». a. To beat with a stick j to
drip butter upon meat on the spit; to sew slightly.
BASTILE, b&->-l&l, s. A fortress or castle ; the for-
tilieation of a cnstle.
BASTT.NADE, biVs-ti-radc,'
BASTINADO, bas-t<^na^d4,
ing with a cudgel ; a Turkish punishment of beating
an offender on nis feet.
To BASTINADE, bAs-t£.na
To BASTINADO, biU-t£-ii«itl6, .
— See Lumbago.
BASTION. bA.-AshSn, *. 291. A huge max* of earth.
usual Iv faced with sods, standing out from a rami/aitl
abulw'aik.
BAT, bat, s. A heavy stick.
The act of beat
v- a. To beat.
BAW
45
BEA
n&r 1<57, nit 163— t&be 171, tib 172, bill 173 — ill 299 — noflnd 313 — Mn 466— THii 469.
BAT, bat, *. An animal having the body of a mouse, BA\VD, bawtl, 5. A procurer or procure**,
ami the wings of a bird, not with feathers, but with a fo BAWD, baw tl, i>. n. To procure,
•ort of skin which is extended. It brings forth its „ ,. „ , ... ,JA ,A „,,..
young as mice do, and suckles them.
BAT- FOWLING, batifou-ling, s. Bird-catching in
the night-time.
BATABLE, baita-bl, adj. 405. Disputable. Bata.
ble ground seems to be the ground heretofore in ques-
tion, whether it belonged to England or Scotland.
BATCH, batsh, s. The quantity of bread baked at a
time; any quantity made at once.
BATE, bate, s. Strife, contention.
To BATE, bate, v. a. To lessen any thing, to re-
trench ; to sink the price ; to lessen a demand ; to cut
off.
BATEFUL, bateiful, adj. Contentious.
BATEMENT, bate-m&nt, s. Diminution.
BAWDILY, biw£d&4i, ado. Obscenely.
BAWDINF.SS, baw-ti£-n£s, s. Obsceneness.
BAWDRICK, ba«i,lrlk, s. A belt
BAWDRY, ba\v£<Jr«J, *. A wicked practice of brinf.
ing whores and rogues together ; obscenity.
BAWDY, bawidt*, adj. Obgrrene, unchaste.
BAWDY HOUSE, ba« ^dA-house, *. A house where
traffiek is made by wickedness and debauchery.
To BAWL, bill, v. n. To hoot, to cry outwith great
vehemence ; to cry as a frowanl child.
To BAWL, bill, v. a. To proclaim as a crier.
BAWREL, baw-r ll, s. 99. A kind of hawk.
BAWSIN, baw-sln, a. A badger.
BATH, baiA, *. 78. A bath is either hot or cold, BAY, bi, adj. 220. A colour,
either of art or nature ; a vessel of hot water, in which | BAY, ba, s. An opening in the land,
another is placed that requires a softer heat than the T>.V i ' . m.- . _P ...
naked fire; a sort of Hebrew measure, containing se- BAY' ba> *• ™e 8tate of *"> thlnS surrounded b,
enemies.
JAY, ba, s. In architecture, a term used to signify
the divisions of a barn or other building. Bay* ara
from fourteen to twenty feet long.
3AY, ba, *. A tree.
vcn gallons and four pints.
To BATHE, baTHe, t). o. 467. To wash in a bath ;
to supple or soften by the outward application of warm
liquors; to wash with any thing.
To BATHE, baTHe, v. n. To be in the water.
BATHOS, ba^<//5s s. In poetry, the art of sinking,
in opposition to the sublime,
BATING, baiting, w>. 410.
Except.
BATLET, batMIt, s. A square piece of wood used
in beating linen.
BATOON, ba-t65n,' s. A staff or club ; a truncheon
or marshal's staff.
BATTAILOUS, bat-ti-lis, adj. Warlike, with mi-
litary appearance.
BATTALIA, bat-tilery!, *. 272. The order of bat-
tle.
BATTALION*, bat-taliyfin, s. 272. 507. A divi-
sion of an army, a troop, a body of forces; an army,
T<» BATTEN, bat-tn, v.a. 103. To fatten, to make
fat ; to fertilize.
To BATTEN, batitn, v. n. 103. To grow fat.
To BATTER, batit&r, v. a. 98. To beat, to beat
down; to wear with beating; to wear out with service,
BATTER, bat-t&r, s. A mixture of several ingredi-
ents beaten together.
BATTERER, batit&r-r&r, s. He that batters.
BATTERY, bai-tur-ri, s. 555. The act of batter-
ing ; the instruments with which a town is battered ;
the frame upon whicli cannons are mounted ; in law, a
violent striking of any man.
BATTLE, blt-tl, s. 405. A fight ; an encounter be-
tween opposite armies ; a body of forces ; the main bo-
dy of an army.
To BATTLE, bat^ll, v. n. To contend in fight.
BATTLE-ARRAY, bat-tl-ar-ra,' «. Array, or order
of battle.
BATTLE-AX, bat-tl-aks, *. 405. A weapon, j
bill.
BATTLE-DOOR, bat^tl-dAre, *. An instrumen
with a round handle and a flat blade, to strike a ball o
shuttlecock.
BATTLEMENT, bat-tl-mdnt, *. A wall with open
places to look through, or to annoy an enemy.
BATTOLOGY, bat-to -o-j4, *. The often repeating
one and the same thing.
BATTY, bat-'£, adj. Belonging to a bat.
BAVAROY, lu\v l-ro<k' .?. A kind of cloke.
BAUEEE, baw-bW,' *. In Scotland, a halfpenny.
BAVIN, bav-lii, s. A stick like those bound up in
faggots.
BAWBI.E. MWHri, i. 405. A gewgaw, a triflin
piece of finery.
BAW^UNG, bawibllng, adj. 410. Trifling, con
temptible.
BAWCOCK, buw-kok, t. A flue fellow.
3AY, ba, ». An honorary crown or garland.
To BAY, ba, v. a. To bark as a dog at a thief; to
shut in.
3AY SALT, ba-'alf, *. Salt made of sea water,
which receives its consistence from the heat of the sun,
and is so called from its brown colour.
BAY WINDOW, ba-win^dA, s. A window jutting
outward.— See Bow-window.
BAYARD, ba-yard, s. A bay hor*e.
BATON FT, baiy&n-n&t, s. A short sword fixed at
the end of a musket.
ItJ- This word is very frequently pronounced bagonei,
nit chiefly by the vulgar.
BDELLIUM, d^l-yftm, *. An aromatic gum brought
from the Levant. — See Pncumatick.
To BE, b££, v. n. To have some certain state, con-
dition, quality, as, the man is wise; it is the auxiliary
verb by which the verb passive is formed ; to exist, to
have existence.
BEACH, bWtsh, *. 227. The shore, the strand.
BEACHED, b£itsh.£<kl, adj. Exposed to the wave*.
BEACHY, be£tshi4, adj. Having beaches.
BEACON, b^-kn, s. 170. Something raised on an
eminence to be fired on the approach of an enemy ;
marks erected to direct navigators.
BEAD, btkle, s. 227. Small globes or balls strung
upon a thread, and used bv the Roman Catholicks to
count their prayers; little balls worn about the neck
for ornament ; any globular bodies.
BEAD-TREE, b£de-tr&, 5. The nut of this tree is,
by religious persons, bored through, and strung as
beads, whence it takes its name.
BEADLE, b<&ll, s. 227. 405. A messenger or ser-
vitor belonging to a court ; a petty officer in parishes.-
BEADROLL, bede-rull, a. A catalogue of those who
are to be mentioned at prayers.
BEADSMAN, bWdz-iniin, s. A man employed in
praying for another.
BEAGLE, Ix^-gl, &. 227. 405. A small hound with
which hares are hunted.
BEAK, Ixike, s. 227. The hill or horny mouth of a
bird; a piece of brass like a beak, fixed at the head of
the ancient galleys ; any thing ending in a point like a
b ak.
BEAKED, b£-k6d, or b£kt, adj. 362. Having a
tK'ak.
BEAKER, b^-kfir, j. 98. A cup with a spout in the
form of a bird's beak.
BEAL, b^le, s. 227. A whelk or pimple.
BEAM, b^me, ». 227. The main piece of timber that
sup|H>rts the lofts of a house ; any 1 tri;e and lout; picca
of timber; that part of a balance to the ciui> of wlucte
BKA
BEA
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81— mi 95, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 1G4,
the scales are suspended; a cylindrical piece of wood
h the web is gradually
emitted from some
belonging to the loom, on which t
Tolled as it is wove i the r»y of light
luminous body.
BEAM-TREE. b^meitrie, S. \Vildservice.
BEAMY, b^'me^, adj. Radiant, shining ; emitting
beams; having horns or antlers.
BEAN, bene, s. 227. The common garden bean, the
horse-bean.
BEAN-CAPER, beni4ka-p&r, s. A plant
To BEAR, bare, v. a. 240. To carry as a burden ;
to convey or carry ; to carry as a mark of authority ;
to carry as a mark of distinction ; to support, to keep
from falling; to carry in the mind, as love, hate; to
endure, as pain, without sinking ; to suffer, to under-
go; to proou.*, as fruit; to bring forth, as a child ; to
support any thing good or bad ; to behave ; to impel,
to urge, to push ; to press; to bear in hand, to amuse
with false pretences, to deceive ; to bear off, _to carry
away by force ; to bear out, to support, to maintain.
TV BEAR, bare, v. «. 73. To suffer pain ; to be
patient; to be fruitful or prolifick ; to tend, to be di-
rected to any point; tobeha\e; to be situated with re-
spect to other places ; to bear up, to stand firm without
falling ; to bear with, to endure an unpleasing thing.
BEAR, bare, *. 73. A rough savage animal j the
name of two constellations, called the Greater and Les-
ser Bear: in the tail of the Lesser Bear is the Pole star,
never distant above two degrees from the Pole.
BEAR-BIND, bare-blnd, s. A species of bind-
weed.
BEAR-FLY, bare-fll, *. An insect
BEAR GARDEN, bart-gar-dii, s. A place in which
bears are kept for sport; any place of tumult or mis-
rule.
BEAR'S BREECH, bai z-brltsh, & The name of a
plant.
BEAR'S-EAR, barz^er, *. The name of a plant
The Auricula.
BEAR'S-FOOT, barzifut, *. A species of helle-
bore.
BEAR'S-WORT, barz-w&rt, s. 165. An herb.
BEARD, beerd, *. 288. The hair that grows on the
lip- and chin ; sharp prickles growing upon the ears of
com : a barb on an arrow.
J£5> This woid as, Dr. Kenrick observes, is frequently
pronounced so as to ryhme with herd: but I am of his
opinion that this pronunciation is improper. Mr. Scott
and Mr. Ferry give it both ways. Buchanan sounds it
short, like Mr. Sheridan. YV. Johnston makes it rhyme
with laird, a Scotch lord : but Mr. Elphinston, who is the
most accurate observer of pronunciation i ever met with,
gives it as I have done. The stage has, in mv opinion,
adopted the short sound of the diphthong without good
reason, and in this instance ought not to be followed ; as
the long sound is not only more agreeable to analogy,
but to general usage. 1 am glad to lind my opinion con-
firmed by so good a judge as Mr. Smith ; and though the
jioets so often sacrifice pronunciation to rhyme, that their
authority, in these cases, is not always decisive, yet, as
Khakespeare says on another occasion,
" They ttl'l ma; help to thicken other proof*
" Thai do demonstrate thinly.-— Otkttla.
" Raifd at their rorenant, ami jeer*d
" Their reverend persons to my Uartl." — fitulibrtu.
" Rome thin remains of chastity appear'd
" Er*n under Jor«, out Jove without a bemrj." — DryJ«n.
The impropriety of pronouncing this word as it is heard
oil the stage, will perhaps appear more |>erccptible by car-
rying this pronunciation into the compound*, a.- the false
sound of great may be detected by the phrase, Alexander
UuGreal.Sil.
" Old prophecies fortel onr fall sfhand,
" When beardnt men in floating rastleo land.
" And is young stripling* whip the top for sport,
* The wooden engine flics and whirls about,
" AdmirM with clamours of the btardltu rout-"— Drurfra.
To BEARD, IxWrd, v. a. To take or pluck by the
beard, to oppose to the face.
BEARDED, beerdi<H, adj. Having a beard j hav-
ing sJiarp prickles, a« corn ; barbed or jagged.
BEARDLESS, btt-rd-.fl's, ailj. Without a beard ;
youilifuL
BEARER, bart-ur, s. 98. A carrier of any thing-
one employed in carrying burdens; one who wears
any thing; one who carries the body to the grave-
one who supports the pall at a funeral ; a tree that
yields its produce ; in architecture, a post or brick wa.
raised between the ends of a piece of timber.
BEAUHERD, Iwre-li&rd, s. A man that tends boar*.
BEARING, banking, *. 410. The site or place of
any thing with respect to something else; gesture,
mien, behaviour.
BEARWARD, bareiward, s. A keeper of bears.
BEAST, bet^st, s. 227. An animal distinguished
from birds, insects, fishes, and man ; an irrational ani-
mal, opposed to man ; a brutal savage man.
BEASTLINESS, b^si-le-nes, s. Brutality.
BEASTLY, betW-le, adj. Brutal, contrary to the na-
ture and dignity of man ; having the nature or form
of beasts.
To BEAT, bete, v. a. 227. 233. To strike, to
knock; to punish with stripes; to mark the time in
music; to give repeated blows; to strike ground: to
rouse game ; to mix things by long and frequent agita-
tion ; to batter with engines of war ; to make a path by
treading it; to conquer, to subdue, to vanquish; to
harass, to over-labour ; to depress; to deprive by vio-
lence; to move with fluttering agitation ; to beat down'
to lessen the price demanded ; to beat up ; to attack
suddenly ; to beat the hoof, to walk, to go on foot.
65° The past time of this verb k, by the English, ur,V-
formly pronounced like the present. Nay, except in so-
lemn language, the present, preterit, and participle arc
exactly the same; while the Irish, more agreeably to an-
alogy, as well as utility, pronounce the preterit as the
noun bet, a wager; and" this pronunciation, though con-
trary to English usage, is quite conformable to that pene-
ral tendency observable in the preterits of irregular verbs,
which is to shorten the vowel that is long in the present,
as eat, are, (often pronounced et ;) hear, heard; deal,
dfalt ; mean, meant; dream, djcanit ; Ac.
To BEAT, bete, »'. n. To move in a pulsatory man-
ner ; to dash, as a flood or storm ; lo knock at a door ;
to throb, to be in agitation ; to fluctuate, to be in mo-
tion ; to try in different ways, to search ; to act uj>on
with violence ; to enforce by repetition.
BEAT, Ix^te, s. A stroke, or a striking.
BEATEN, be-tn, jtart. 103. From Seat.
BEATER, b£-lur, s. 98. An instrument with which
any thing is l:eaten ; a person much given to blows.
BEATIFICAL, be-i-tiPe-kil,
BEATIFICK, be-a-tlfilk, .509, _
is used only of heavenly fruition after death.
BFATincAI.LY, b^-a-flW-kal-le., adv. In such a
manner as lo complete happiness.
BEATIFICATION, iHi-at-e-fe-ka-shfin, *. Beatifica.
lion is an acknowledgment made by the Pope, that the
person beatified is in heaven, and therefore may be re-
verenced as blessed.
To BEATIFY, be at^e f 1, v. a. 183. Toblcsswith
the completion of celestial enjoyment.
BEATING, beteiinfr, *. 410. Correction by blows.
BEATITUDE, be-ai^e-t&de, s. Blessedness, felicity
happiness; a declaration of blessedness made by our
Saviour to particular virtues.
BEAU, bo, j. 245. 481. A man of dress.
BEAVER, be£-v&r, «. 227. 98. An animal, other-
wise named the castor, amphibious, and remarkalili- for
his art in building his habitation ; a hat of the best
kind ; the part of a helmet that covers the face.
BEAVERED, b^e-vurd, adj. 362. Covered with a
beaver.
BEAUISH, bo-Ish, adj. 245. Befitting a beau, fop.
pish.
BEAUMONDE, bo-mond,' *. The fashionable world.
BEAUTEOUS, bWtshe-fis, adj. 263. Fair, elegant
in form.
BEAUTEOCSLY, bfritshe-fis-lt*, adv. In a beaut*.
ous manner.
BEAUTEOITSNESS, bfiitslie-fis-nis, «. The state of
being beauteous.
BEAUTIFUL, b&^te-ful, adj. Fair.
? o'lj.
• 5
BED 47 BEE
nor 167, not 163 — tfcbe 171, tfib 172, bill 173— oil 299— pound 313 — thin 466 — THis 469.
BEAUTIFULLY, bWte-ful-le. adv. In a beautiful
manner.
BEAUTIFULNESS, bij-te-ftil-nls, j. The quality of
' being beautiful.
To BEAUTIFY, bi-ie-fl, v. a. 183. To adorn, to
embellish.
BEAUTY,
*. That assemblage of graces
which pleases the eye; a particular grace ; a beautiful
person.
BEAUTY-SPOT, bu-te-?p6t, s. A spot placed to
heighten some beauty.
BECAFICO, b!k-a-f<Uk6, s. 112. *A bird l'ike a
nightingale, a fig pecker.
To BECALM, be-kam,' v. a. 403. To still the elc.
ments ; to keep a ship from motion ; to quiet the
mind.
BECAME, be-kame,' The preterit of Become.
BECAUSE, bl kawz,' conj. For this reason ; for; on
this account.
To BECHANCE, be-tshanse,' v. n. 352. To beful,
to happen to.
To BECK, blk, v. a. To make a sign with the
head.
BECK, bek, s. A sign with the head, a nod ; a nod
of command.
To BECKON, blk-kn, v. n. 1 70. To make a sign.
To BECLIP, be-kllp,' v. a. To embrace.
To BECOME, be-k&m,' v. «. To enter into some
state or condition ; to become of, to be the fate of, to
be the end of.
To BECOME, bl-k&m,' v. a. To appear in a man-
ner suitable to something ; to be suitable to the person ;
to befit.
BECOMING, be-k&mimlng, part. adj. 410. That
pleases by an elegant propriety, graceful.
BECOMINGLY, be-k&m-mlng-le, adv.
After a be-
coming manner.
BECOMINGNESS, be-kumimlng-n£s, s. Elegant
congruity, propriety.
BED, bid, s. Something made (o sleep on ; lodging ;
marriage; bank of earth raised in a garden ; the chan-
nel of a river, or any hollow; the place where any
thing is generated ; a layer, a stratum ; To bring to
Bed, to deliver of a child ; to make the Bed, to put the
bed in order after it has been used.
To BED, bid, v. a. To go to bed with ; to place
in be<l ; to be made partaker of the bed ; to sow or
plant in earth ; to lay in a place of rest ; to lay in or-
der, in strata.
To BED, bid, v. n. To cohabit
To BEDABBLE, be-dab-bl, v. a. To wet, to be-
sprinkle.
To BEDAGGLE, bi-dlg£g), v. a. To bemire.
To BEDASH, bl-diUb,' v. a. To bespatter.
Tn BF.DAWB, bl-dawb,' t>. a. To besmear.
To BEDAZZLE, be-t!iz-zl, v. a. To make the
sight dim by too much lustre.
BEDCHAMBER, bltl-tshatne-b&r, s. The chamber
appropriated to rest.
BEDCLOTHES, bed-cloze, s. Coverlets spiead over
a bed.
BEDDING, bid-ding, s. 1 40. The materials of a
bed.
To BEDECK, be-dek,' v. a. To deck, to adorn.
To BEDEW, be-dii,' v. a. To moisten gently, as
with the fall of dew.
BEDFELLOW, bed-fel-!6, s. One that lies in the
same bed.
To BEDIGHT, be-ditt',' v. a. To adorn, to dress.
To BEDIM, be-dlm,' v. a. To obscure, to cloud, to
darken.
To BEDIZEN, be-dl-zn, t;. a. 103. To dress out.
A low term.
BEDLAM, bld-l&m, *. 88. A madhouse; a mad.
man.
BEDLAMITE, bld-l&m-lte, «. 155. A madnun.
BEDMAKER, bld-ma-k&r, s. A person in the uni-
versifies whose office it is to make the beds.
BEDMATE, bid-mate, s. A bedfellow.
BEDMOULDING, ledimAld-lng, s. A particular
moulding.
BEDPOST, bld-|)6st, * The post at the corner of
the bed, which supports the canopy.
BEDPRESSER, bld-prls-s&r, j. A heavy lazy fel-
low.
To BEDRAGGLE, be-dragigl, v. a. 405. To soi
the clothes.
To BEDRENCH, be-drlnsh,' v. a. To drench, to
soak.
BEDRID, bld-tld, adj. Confined to the bed by age or
sickness.
BEDRITE, bld-ilte, *. The privilege of the mar-
riage bed.
To BEDROP, be-dr5p/ v. a. To besprinkle, to
mark with drops.
BEDSTEAD, bld^stld, s. The frame on which the
bed is placed.
BEDSTBAW, bldistraw, 5. The straw laid under a
bed to make it soft.
BEDSWERVER, bldisvi Ir-v&r, s. One that is false
to the bed.
BEDTIME, bid-time, s. The hour of rest
To BEDUNG, be-dfrng,' v. a. To cover with c'ung.
To BEDUST, be-d&st,' v. a. To sprinkle with dust.
BEDWARD, bid-ward, adv. Toward bed.
To BEDWARF, be- dwarf'/ v. a. To make little, to
stunt.
BEDWORK. bSd-w&rk, s. Work performed without
toil of the hands.
BEE, bee, s. The animal that makes honey ; an in-
dustrious and careful person.
BEE-EATER, bet^e-t&r, s. A bird that feeds upon
bees.
BEE-FLOWER, be|iflou-&r, s. A species of fool-
stones.
BEE-GARDEN, bee-gar-dn, s. 103. A place to set
hives of bees in.
BEE-HIVE, bee-hive, s. The case, or box, in which
bees are kept.
BEE-MASTER, bee-mas-t&r, s. One that keep*
bees.
BEECH, beetsh, s. A tree. >.
BEECHEN, bee-tshn, adj. 103. Consisting of the
wood of the beech.
BEEF, beef, s. The flesh of black cattle prepared
for food; an ox, bull, or cow. It has the plural beeves.
BEEF-EATER, beel-e-i&r, s. A yeoman of the
guard. — Probably a corruption of the French word
Beaufetier, one who attends at the side-board, which
was anciently placed in a Beavfet.
BEEN, bin. The ]iart. pret of To Be.
fcj" This word, in the solemn, as well as the familiar
style, has shared the fate of most of those wor.:s, which,
from their nature, are in the most frequent use It is
scarcely ever heard otherwise than as the noun bin, a re-
pository for corn or wine, and must be placed among those
deviations which language is always liable to in such
words as are auxiliary or subordinate to others; for, as
those parts of bodies which are the most frequently han-
dled grow the soonest smooth by constant friction, so
such words as are in continual use seem to wear oft' their
art iculations, and become more irregular than others. So
low as the age of James the First, 1 have seen this word
."pclled Byn.
BEER, beer, s. Liquor made of malt and hops.
BEET, beet, s. The name of a plant.
BEETLE, bee-tl, s. 405. An insect distinguished
by having hard cases or sheaths, under which lie folds
his wings; a heavy mallet.
BEETI.EBROWED, bee-tl-broud, adj. 362. Having
prominent brows.
BEETLEHEADED, beeitl-lild-ld, adj- Loggerhead-
cd, having a stupid head.
BEG 48 BEL
£5- 559. Fate 73, f:\r77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93, n>4t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mSve 164,
BF.ETLESTOCK, Ix^-ll-st^k, ». The handle of a BEGUN, be-gun/ The part. paw. of Begin.
beetle.
BEKTRAVE,
BKET-RADISH,
BEEVES, bWvz, s. Black cattle, oxen.
To BEFALL, txi-fawl,' v. n. To happen to; to
Beet.
come to pass.
To BEFIT, bi-flt£ v. a. To suit, to be suitable to.
Tt BEFOOL, be-f661,' v. a. To infatuate, to fool.
BEFORE, be-f6re,' Jireji. Further onward in place ;
in the front of, not behind ; in the presence of; under
the cognizance of; preceding in time; in preference
to ; prior to ; superior to.
BEFORE, W-fAre,' adv. Sooner than ; earlier in
BEHALF, l>£-ha>? s. 78. 403. Favour, cause; rin-
dicHiinn, support.
T>> BEHAVE, b^-have/ r. a. To carry, to conduct.
To BEHAVE, b^-have,' v. n. To act, to conduct
one's self.
BEHAVIOUR, be-hdveiyir, «. 294. Manner of be-
having one's self, whether good or bad; external ap-
pearanee; ge-ture, manner of action ; elegance of man-
ners, gracefulness ; conduct, general practice, course of
life; To be upon one's behaviour, a familiar phrase,
noting such a state as requires great caution.
To BEHEAD, be-hed/ v. a. To kill by cutting off
the head.
BEHELD, be-hlld,' Part pass, from Behold.
time; in time past; in some time lately past; previ.; BEHEMOTH, be-h&n&th, «. The hippopotamus, or
ously to ; to this time, hitherto ; further onward in | rJTer norse_
BEFOREHAND, W-f6reihAnd, adv. In a state of BEHEST, J^f*'' /• Command.
anticipation or pre-oceupation ; previously, by way of BEHIND, bfr hind,' jrrej). — See Hind. At the back
preparation ; in a state of accumulation, or so as ihat
more has been received than expended ; at first, before
any thing is done.
BEFORETIME, b^-foreitlme, adv. Formerly.
To BEFORTUNE, bi-foritshtne, v- n, 461. To
.
To BEFOUL, b^-foul^ f. a. To make foul, to soil.
To BEFRIEND, bi-trend,' ». a. To favour; to bo
kind to.
To BEFRINGE, bi-frlnje,' v. a. To decorate as with
fringes.
To BEG, big, v. n. To live upon alms.
To BF.G, b£g, v. a. To ask, to seek by petition ;
to take any thing for granted.
To BEGET, bi-g£t,' v. a. To generate, to procreate ;
to produce, as effects ; to produce, as accidents.
BEGETTER, be-g£t-t&r, s. 98. He that procreate*
i r begets.
EF.GGAR,
i. 418. One who lives upon
alms; a petitioner ; one who assumes what he does not
prove.
To BEGGAR, b£g%?ir, v. a. To reduce to beggary,
to impoverish ; to deprive; to exhaust
BEGGARLINESS, b£g-gftr-ld-n&, «. The state of
being beggarly.
BEGGARLY, b<5gigfir-]^, adj. Mean, poor, indigent
BEGGARY, be'gi-gur i, s. Indigence.
To BEGIN, b^-gln^ v. n. To enter upon something
new; to commence any action or state; to enter upon
existence; to have its original ; to take rise; to come
into act.
To BEGIN, W-gln,' v. a. To do the first act of any
thing ; to trace from any thing as the first ground ; to
begin with, to enter upon.
BEGINNER, bA-glnin&r, s. 95. He that gives the
first cause, or original, to any thing; an unexperienc-
ed attempter.
BEGINNING, be-gln-nlng, s. 410. The first ori-
ginal or cause; the entrance into act or being ; the s' ate
in which any thing fir>t is; the rudiments, or first
grounds; the first part of any thing.
To BEGIRD, be-gerd,' v. a. 160. To bind with a
girdle; to surround, to encircle; to shut in with a
siege ; to beleaguer.
BKGLERBEG, begiler-be'g, «. The chief governor of
a province among the Turks.
To BEGNAW, be-na\v,' v. a. To bite, to eat away.
BEGONE, be-g&n/ inhtrj. Go away, hence, away.
BEGOT, bi-gftt,'
BEGOTTEN, "b^gititn, 103. f ^e part pa«. of
the verb Beget.
To BEGREASE, bi-gr^ze/ v. a. To soil or dawb
with fat matter.
To BEGRIME, b^-grimt-,' v. a. To soil with diit
neep impressed.
To BEGUILE, W-guIli,' ». a. 16O. To impose up.
of another; on the back part; towarHs the back ; fol-
lowing another; remaining after tti^ departure of
something else; remaining after the death of those to
whom it belonged ; at a distance from something going
before; inferior to another.
BEHIND, b^-hlnd,' adv. Backward.
BEHINDHAND, b^-hlndihAnd, adv. In a state in
which rents or profits arc anticipated; not upon equal
terms with regard to forwardness.
To BEHOLD, b£-h61d,' v. a. To view, to «ee.
BEHOLD, b^-hold,' interj. See, lo.
BEHOLDEN, b£-hol^dn, jtart. adj. 103. Bound in
gratitude.
BEHOLDER, b£-h6lid?ir, *. Spectator.
BEHOLDING, bi-h6li<ling, adj. 410. Beholden.
BEHOLDING, be-h6Udlng, part. From the verb
Behold. Seeins, looking upon.
BEHOOF, b£-h66f/ .t. Profit, advantage.
To BEHOOVE, b£-ho6v,' v.n. To be fit, to be meet
Used only impersonally with it, as It behooves.
Jf^> This word is sometimes improperly written brhore,
and corruptly pronounced as rhyming with rove ; but this
is contrary to the analogy of words of this form ; which
preserve the same sound of the vowel, both in the noun
and verb; as proof, prove; wife, wive i thief, thieve
•ML
BF.HOOVEFVL, b<*-h66ve£ffil, adj. Useful, pro-
BEHOOVEFULLY, W-hdiveiful-l^, adv. Profita-
bly, usefully.
To BEHOWL, b^-hofil,' v. a. To howl at
BEING, b^-lng, *. 410. Existence, opposed to non-
entity ; a particular state or condition ; the person ex
isting.
BEING, be-Ing, conj. Since.
BE IT SO, IxWt-sA. A phrase, suppose it to be *o;
la-b&r, v. a. To beat, to thump.
^, j. A friend, an intimate.
let it be so.
To BELABOUR,
BELAMIE, beKa
BELAMOUR, b£l-a-m66r, *. A gallant, consort
BELATED, b£-la-t£d, adj. Benighted.
To BELAY, b^-la/ v. a. To block up, to stop th«
passage ; to place in ambush.
To BELCH, belsh, v. n. To eject the wind from
the stomarh ; to issue out by eructation.
BELCH, b4lsh, *. 352. The action of eructation ; a
cant term for liquor.
BELDAM, be"l^dim, s. 88. An old woman, a hag
To BELEAGUER, be-leigfir, v. a. To besiege, to
block tip a place'
BELEAGUERER, btl l&gfir-fir, *. One that be-
sieges a place.
BELFLOWER, b^l-flou-ftr. *. A plant.
BF.LFOUNDER, b^l-toun-dur. j. He w'note tmde
p „ _ t ,_ It is to found or cast bell*.
on, ui delude; to deceive, to evade; to decs! ve picas- BELFRY, b&\-fr&, I. The place wheie the belU are
<u#ly, to unuse. I rung.
BEL
49
BEN
n3r 167, nit 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bull 173— oil 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THil 469.
To BELIE, be-li/ V. a. To counterfeit, to feign, to BELSWAGGER, b£l-swag-gftr, i. A whoremnster.
mimiek ; to give the lie to, to charge with falsehood;
to calumniate ; to give a false representation of any
thing.
BELIEF, be-leef? s. Credit given to something
which we know not of ourselves ; the theological virtue
of faith, or firm confidence of the truths of religion;
the thing lx;Iieved ; creed, a form containing the arti-
cle's of faith.
BELIEVABLE, be-leeiva-bl. adj. Credible.
To HELIEVE, be-leev,' v. a. To credit upon the
authority of another ; to put confidence in the veracity
of any one.
To BELIEVE, be-leev,' v. n. To have a Prm per-
suasion of any thing ; to exercise the theological virtue
of faith.
BELIEVER, be-lee^vur, s. 98. He that U-iieves or
gives credit ; a professor of Christianity.
BELIEVINGLY, be lee-ving-le, adv. After a be-
lieving manner.
BELT, belt, s. A girdle, a cincture.
BtLWETHtR, bell-weTH-ur, s. A sheep which
leads the flock witli a bell on its neck ; hence, To bear
the bell.
To BEMAD, be- mad/ v. a. To make mad.
To BEMIRE, be-mire,' v. a. To drag, or encum-
ber in the mire.
To BEMOAN, be-mone,' v. a. To lament, to be-
wail.
BEMOANER, be-mo-nur, s. 98. A lamenter.
To BEMOIL, be- moil,' v. a. To bedraggle, to be-
mire.
To BEMONSTER, be-m6nsitur, v. «. To make
monstrous.
BEMUSED, be-muzd,' adj. 359. Overcome with
musing.
BENCH, bensh, s. 352. A seat ; a seat of justice ;
the persons sitting upon a bench.
BELIKE, btUlike,' adv. Probably, likely, perhaps ; j BENCHER, b£n-shur, s 98. The senior members
adj.
sometimes in a sense of irony
BELL, b£ll, s. A vessel, or hollow body of cast me.
tal, formed to make a noise by the act of some instru-
ment striking against it ; it is used for any thing in the
form of a bell, as the cups of flowers.
BELLE, bell, s. A gay young lady.
BELLES LETTRES, bel-la'tur. Polite literature.
BELLIGEROUS, bel-lldjt^e-rus, 314. 518.
BELLIGERANT, bel-lld-jfir-ant, 518.
Waging war.
BKLLIPOTENT, bel-llr/p6-tent,a$. 518. Mighty
in war.
BELLIQUE, bel-leek,' adj. Warlike, martial.
To BELLOW, beWA, v. n. 327. To make a noise
as a bull; to make any violent outcry; to vociferate,
to clamour; to roar as the sea or the wind.
BELLOWS, bel-lus, s. The instrument used to blow
the fire.
5^p The last syllable of this word, like that of Gal-
lows, is corrupted beyond recovery into the sound of
BELLUINE, bel-lu-lne, adj. 149. Beastly, brutal.
BELLY,
s. 182. That part of the human
body which reaches from the breast to the thighs, con-
taining the bowels; the womb; that part of a man
which requires food ; that part of any thing that swells
out into a larger capacity ; any place in which some-
thing is enclosed.
To BELLY, b£l-li, v. n. To hang out, to bulge out
BELLYACHE, b£l-14 ake, s. 355. The coiick.
BELLYBOUND, b^l-lti-bound, adj. Costive.
BELLYFUL, be^le-fil, s. As much food as fills the
belly.
BELLYGOD, bel-l<*-gSd, s. A glutton.
BELMAN, bilUmin, s. 88. He whose business it
is to pioclahn any thing in towns, and to gain attention
by ringing his bell.
BELMETAL, b£ll-rnet-tl, j. 405. The metal of
which bell:! are made.
To BELOCK, be-lok,' v. a. To fasten.
To BELONG, be-long,' v. n. To be the property
of; to be the province or business of; to adhere, or be
appendant to ; to have relation to ; to be the quality or
attribute of.
BELOVED, be-luv^ed, adj. Dear.
J)^" This word, when an adjective, is usually pro-
nounced in three syllables, as a Moved son ; and when a
participle, in two, as, he was much lielov'd.—kee Princi-
ples, No. 362.
BELOW, be-16,' ]>rep. Under in place, not so high ;
in.enor in dignity; inferior in excellence; unworthy
of, unbefitting.
BELOW, be-lo,' adv. In the lower place ; on earth,
in opposition to heaven ; in hell, in the regions of the
deait.
To BKLOWT, be-lotit,' v. a. To treat with oppro-
brious language.
of the society of the inns of court.
To BEND, bend, v. a. To make crooked, to crook ;
to direct to a certain point; to incline; to subdue, to
make submissive.
To BEND, bend, v. n. To be incurvated ; to lean
or jut over ; to be submissive, to bow.
BEND, bdnd, s. Flexure, incurvation ; the crooked
timbers which make the ribs or sides of a ship.
BENDABLE, ben-di-bl, adj. 405. That may be
bent.
BENDER, ben-d&r, s. 98. The person who bends;
the instrument with which any thing is bent.
BENDWITH, bend-wi/A, s. An herb.
BENEAPED, be-nept,' adj. 352. A ship is said to
be beneaped, when the water does not flow high enough
to bring her off the ground.
BENEATH, b£-ne'f He,' prep. Under, lower in place ;
lower in rank, excellence, or dignity ; unworthy of.
BENEATH, be-neTHe,' adv. 467. In a lower place,
under ; below, as opposed to heaven.
BENEDICT, b^n-e-dlkt, adj. Having mild and sa-
lubrious qualities.
BENEDICTION, b^n-nd-dlkishun, s. Blessing, a
decretory pronunciation of happiness; the advantage
conferred by blessing; acknowledgments for blessings
received ; the form of instituting an abbot.
BENEFACTION, b&i-i-f&l&h&n, s. The act of
conferring a benefit ; the benefit conferred.
BENEFACTOR, b^n-e-fikitQr, s. 166. He that
confers a benefit.
BENEFACTRESS, ben-£-f5k£tr£s, s. A woman who
confers a benefit.
BENEFICE, b&i^-fls, s. 142. Advantage confer-
red on another. This word is generally used for all
ecclesiastical livings.
BENEFICED, beiA-flst, adj. 352. Possessed of a
benefice.
BENEFICENCE, bd-n£f^e-s£nse, s. Active good-
ness.
BENEFICENT, b£-n£f^s£nt, adj. Kind, doing
good.
BENEFICIAL, bln-^-flsli^il, adj. Advantageous,
conferring benefits, profitable; helpful, medicinal.
BENEFICIALLY, b£n-e-fish-al-le, adv. Advanta-
geously, helpfully.
BENKFICIALNESS, b^n-^-flsh-il-n^s, s. Useful.
ness, profit.
BENEFICIARY, ben-e-flsh-ya-r£, adj. 113. Hold.
ing something in subordination to another.
BENEFICIARY, ben-e-f'ishiyi-re, s. 113. He that
is in
s-i>>ii ot a benefice.
BENEFIT, b^n-e-flt, *. A kindness, a favour con-
ferred; advantage, pmflt, use.
fcf Benefit of Clergy, in law, is a privilege formerly
allowed, by virtue of which a man convicted of felony 01
manslaughter was put to read in a Latin book of a do-
thick black character; and if the Ordinary of Mcwgau
BES 50 BES
$3- 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — rnd 93, inSt 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m&ve 164,
•aid Legit ut Clericut, \. e. he reads like a clerk, he was f0 BESHREW, bi-shroo/ v. a. To wish a curse to :
only burnt in the hand and set free, otherwise he sufltred to happen ill to.
death for his crime,
To BENEFIT, b^n^-flt, v. a. To do good to.
To BENEFIT, b&l^-flt, V. n. To gain advan-
tage.
To BENET, b£-n£t,' v. a. To ensnare.
BENEVOLENCE, be-n<*v-vA-lense, s. Disposition
to do good, kindness ; the good done, the charity given ;
a kind of tax.
BENEVOLENT, b4-n£vivo-l£nt, adj. Kind, hav-
ing good-will.
BENEVOLENTNESS, be-n£v-vi-l£nt-n£s, *. The
same as benevolence.
BENGAL, b£n-gall,' s. A «ort of thin slight stuff.
BENJAMIN, b£n-ja-m1n, s. The name of a tree.
To BENIGHT, bi-nlte,' ».. a. To surprise with the
coming on of night ; to involve in darkness, to embar-
rass by want of fight.
BENIGN, b^-ninc,' adj. 385. Kind, generous, li-
beral, wholesome, not malignant.
BENIGNITY, be-nlg-ne-te, s. Graciousness, actu-
al kindness ; salubrity, wholesome quality.
BENIGNLY, be-n!ne£le, adv. Favourably, kindly.
BENISON, b£n-e-zn, s. 170. 443. Blessing, bene-
diction.
BENNET, ben-net, s. 99. An herb.
BENT, bent, S. The state of being bent ; degree of
flexure; declivity; utmost power; application of the
mind ; inclination, disposition towards something ; d
termination, fixed purpose ; turn of the temper or dis-
position ; tendency, flexion ; a sort of grass, called the
bent-grass.
BENT, b£nt, part, of the verb To Bend. Made
crooked ; directed to a certain point ; determined upon,
BENTING TIME, be'niting-tlme, s. The time when
pigeons feed on bents before pease are ripe.
To BENUMB, be-n&m,' v. a. To make torpid, to
stupify. — See To Numli.
BENZOIN, b£n-zoin/ s. A. medicinal kind of resin,
imported from the East Indies, and vulgarly called
Benjamin.
To BEPAINT, b^-pant,' v. a. To cover with paint.
To BEPINCH, be-plnsh,' v. a. To mark with
pinches.
To BEQUEATH, b£-k\veTHe,' v. a. 467. To leave
by will to another.
BEQUEST, be-kwest/ *. 334. 414. Something left
by will.
T» BERATTLE, be-ratitl, v. a. To rattle off.
BERBERRY, bariber-re, s. 555. A berry of a sharp
taste, used for pickles.
To BEREAVE, bti-revc,' v. a. To strip of, to de
prive of, tp take away from.
BEREFT, be-re7t,' part. pass, of Bereave.
BERGAMOT, b£r-ga-m6t, s. A sort of pear, com-
monly called Burgamot, and vulgarly called Burgamee ;
a sort of essenc<- or perfume, drawn from a fruit pro
duced by ingrafting a lemon tree on a bergamot pear
stock; a sort of sii'itf.
To BERHYME, bti-rlme,' v. a. To celebrate ir
rhyme or verses.
BERLIN, ber-lln/ s. A coach of a particular form.
BERRY, bfiKre, s. Any small fruit with many
seeds.
To BERRY, berire, v. n. To bear berries.
BERTRAM, b^rUram, *. 88. Bastard pellitory.
BERYL, be'rVil, s. A precious stone.
To BESCREEN, be-skreen/ v. a. To shelter, to
conceal.
To BESEECH, be-seetsh,' v. a. To entreat, to sup-
plicate, to implore ; to beg, to ask.
To BESEEM, be-seem,' v. n. To become, to be fit
To BESET, be.s£t,' v. a. To besiege, to hem in
to embarrass, to perplex; to waylay, to suiround; to
Call upon, to haras*.
e,' 7
es,' $
At the side of ano-
BESIDE, be-side,'
BESIDES, besides
ther, near; over and above ; not according to, though
not contrary ; out of, in a state of deviation fiom.
BESIDE, be-sldt,'
BESIDES, b^-side
adv. Over and above ; not in
this number, beyond thi* class.
To BESIEGE, b^-s&je,' v. a. To beleaguer, to lay
siege to, to beset with armed forces.
BESIEGER, b^-see-j&r, s. 98. One employed in a
siege.
To BESLUBBER, b£-slul/b&r, v. a. To dawb, to
smear.
To BESMEAR, bi-sm&r,' v. a. To bedawb ; to soil,
to foul.
To BESMIRCH, bd-sm£rtsli,' v. a. To soil, to di»-
eolour.
To BESMOKE, b£-sm6ke/ v. a. To foul with
smoke ; to harden or dry in smoke.
To BESMUT, b^-smut,' v. a. To blacken with smoke
or soot.
BESOM, b&z&m, s.
An instrument to sweep with.
To BESORT, be-sort/ v. a. To suit, to fit.
BESORT, b^-sort/ s. Company, attendance, train.
To BESOT, b£-sit,' v. a. To infatuate, to stupify ;
to make to dote.
BESOUGHT, b^-sawt/^art. pass, of Beseech, which
see.
To BESPANGLE, be-spingigl, v. a. To adorn with
spangles, to besprinkle with something shining.
To BESPATTER, b^-spltitur, i/.a. To spot or sprinkle
with dirt or water.
To BESPAWL, bd-spawl/ v. a. To dawb with spit-
tle.
To BESPEAK, b£-sp<*ek,' v. a. To order or intreat
anv thing before hand ; to make way by a previous a-
pology ; to forebode ; to speak to, to address ; to be-
token, to show.
BESPEAKER, b£-spt^-kOr, j. He that bespeaks any
thing.
To BESPECKLE, b£-sp£k-kl, v. a. To mark with
speckles or spots.
To BESPEW, be-sph/ v- a. To dawb with spew or
vomit.
To BESPICE, b£-spice/ v. a. To season with spices.
To BESPIT, be-spit,' u. a. To dawb with spittle.
To BESPOT, bt^-spit/ j>. a. To mark with spots.
To BESPREAD, b^-spr^d,' v. a. To spread over.
To BESPRINKLE, bti-sprluk-kl, v. a. To sprinkle
over.
To BESPUTTER, bd-sput-tcir, v. a. To sputter
over something, to dawb any thing by sputtering.
BEST, b&t, adj. Mo*t ;,ood.
BEST, b&t, adv. In the highest degree of goodness ;
fittest.
To BESTAIN, b^-stane,' v. a. To mark with stains,
to spot.
To BESTEAD, b^-stdd/ v. a. To profit ; to treat, to
accommodate.
BESTIAL, b&'tshe-Al, adj. 464. Belonging to a
beast; brutal, carnal.
Jf5» This word is sometimes improperly pronounced
with the e long, as if written beastial, whereas it come*
directly from the French bestial; and ought to be pro-
nounced as if written best-yal, T\t.
" A hare, who in a civil way,
" Complied with ev'nr thin^, like Gay,
« Was known to all the 6«iw7 train
" Thai haunt Ihe woods or scour the plain." Gay,
BESTIALITY, b& tslie-iW-t^, s. The quality of
beasts.
BESTIALLY, b£sitshd-il-l£, adv. Brutally.
To BESTICK, be-stik,' v. a. To stick over with any
thing.
BEW
51
BID
n5r 167, n&t 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 311 299 — pound 313 — Him 466— THIS 469.
To BESTIR, be-stur,' v. a. 109. To put into vi-
gorous action.
To BESTOW, lii-sti,' v- a. To give, to confer
upon ; to gne as charity ; to give in marriage; to give
as a present; to apply ; to lay out upon ; to lay up, to
stow, to place.
BESTOWER, be-sto-ur, s. 98. Giver, disposer.
BESTRAUGHT, b^-strawt,' part. Distracted, mad.
To BESTREW, be-str6/ v. a. To sprinkle over. —
See Strew.
To BESTRIDE, b&-stridr/ v. a. To stride over any
thing; to have any thing between one's legs; to step
over.
To BESTUD, btJ-st&d/ v. a. To adorn with studs.
BET, b£t, s. A wager.
To BET, b$t, f. a. To wager, stake at a wager.
To BETAKE, be-takt,' v. a. To take, to seize; to
have recourse to.
To BETHINK, b£-thlnk{ v. a. To recall to reflec-
tion.
To BETHRAI., bi-thriUj v. a. 406. To enslave,
to conquer.
To BETHUMP, b^-M&mp,' v. a. To beat.
To BETIDE, b^-tlde,' v. n. To happen to, to befall;
to come to pass, to fall out.
BETIME, be-tlme,' ~) , .
,ii ' >- adv. Seasonably ; early ;
BETIMES, be-timz,' 3
soon, before long time has passed ; early in the day.
To BETOKEN, b^-to-kn, v. a. To signify, to mark,
to represent ; to foieshow, to presignify.
BETONY, b£t-t6-ne, s. A plant.
BETOOK, b£-to6k/ irreg. pret. from Betake.
To BETOSS, b£-t5s/ v. a. To disturb, to agitate.
To BETRAY, b£-tra/ v. a. To give into the hands
of enemies ; to discover that which has been intrusted
to secrecy ; to make liable to something inconvenient ;
to show, to discover.
BETRAYER, bt^-tra-ur, s. He that betrays, a trai-
tor.
To BETRIM, b£-trlm,' v. a. To deck, to dress, to
grace.
To BETROTH, b&-trt>th; v. a. To contract to any
one, to affiance; to nominate to a bisboprick.
To BETRUST, bi-tr&st/ v. a. To intrust, to put
into the power of another.
BETTER, b£t-tur, adj. 98. Having good qualities
in a greater degree than soir.cthing else.
BETTER, b£t-tur, adv. Well in a greater degree.
To BETTER, b£t-tur, v. n. To improve, to melio-
rate ; to surpass, to exceed, to advance.
BETTER, bet-ti'ir, s. Superior in goodness.
BETTOR, bet^tur, s. 166. One that lays bets or
wagers.
BETTY, b<k-te, S. An instrument to break open
doors.
BETWEEN, be-tw^n,' prep. In the intermediate
space ; from one to another ; belonging to two in part-
nership; bearing relation to two ; in separation of one
from the other.
BETWIXT, bl-tifikstf prep- Between.
BEVEL, 7 . , ,-,
,, > bev-ll, S. 99. In masonry and joinery,
a kiml of square, one leg of which is frequently crooked.
BEVERAGE, bSvi&r-idje, s. 90. 555. Drink, li-
quor to be drunk.
BEVY, b£v-£, s. A flock of birds ; a company, an
assembly.
To BEWAIL, be-wale,' v. a. To bemoan, to lament.
To BEWARE, be- warp,' v- n. To regard with cau-
tion, to be s uspicious of danger from.
To BEWEEP, be-w^ep/ v. a. To weep over or upon.
To BLWET, b£-\v£t,' v. a. To wet, to moisten.
To BEWILDER, bd-wil-dur, t>. a. 515. To lose in
paUiicss places, to puzzle.
To BEWITCH, be-wltsh,' v. a. To injuio by witch-
craft; to charm, to please.
BEWITCHERY, be-witshiur-re, s. 555. Fascina-
tion, charm.
BEWITCHMENT, W-wltshimfot, *. Fascination.
To BEWRAY, b^-ra/ v. n. 427. To betray, to dis-
cover perfidiously ; to show, to make visible.
BEWRAY ER, be-ra-ur, s. Betrayer, discoverer.
BEY', ha, S. (From the Turkish.) A governor of a
province, a viceroy.
BEYOND, be-y&nd,' prep. Before, at a distance not
reached; on the farther side of ; farther onward than ;
past, out of the reach of; above, exceeding to a greater
degree than; above in excellence; remote from, not
within the sphere of; To go beyond, is to deceive.
55°" There is a pronunciation of this word so obvi-
ously wrong as scarcely to deserve notice; and that is
sounding the o like a, as if the word were written beyond.
Absurd and corrupt as this pronunciation is, loo n any
of the people of London, and those not entirely unedu-
cated, are guilty of it.
BEZOAR, be-zore, s. A medicinal stone, formerly
in high esteem as an antidote, brought fiom the East
Indies.
BEZOARDICK, bez-6-aridik, adj. Compounded
with be/oar.
BlANGULATED, bl-angigu-la-ted, 7
BIANGULOUS, bUngigu-lus, 116.} *•*'• HaVlng
two corners or angles.
BlAS, bKas, s. 88. The weight lodged on one side
of a bowl, which turns it from the straight line; any
thing which turns a man to a particular course ; pro-
pension, inclination.
To BlAS, bU&s, v. a. To incline to some side.
BlB, bib, s. A small piece of linen put upon the
breasts of children, over their clothes.
BlBAClOUS, bi-baishus, adj. 118. Much addicted
to drinking.
J(5» Perhaps the first syllable of this word may be con-
sidered as an exception to the general rule, 117.
BIBBER, biW-bur, s. 98. A tippler.
BlBLE, bi-bl, s. 405. The sacred volume, in which
are contained the revelations of God.
BIBLIOGRAPHER, b!b-le-6g'gra-fur, 5. A tran-
scriber.
BlBLlOTHECAL, bib-le-5/A-e- kal, adj. Belonging
to a library.
BIBULOUS, bib'u-l&s, adj. 314. That has the
quality of drinking moisture.
BICAPSULAR, bl-kap^shu lar, adj. 118. 552. A
plant whose seed-pouch is divided into two parts.
BlCE, bise, s. A colour for painting.
BICIPITAL, bi-slp£o-tal, 118 ? .. ,
BICIPITOUS, bUipie-t&s, $ adj" Hav'"8 **°
heads ; it is applied to one of the muscles of the arm.
To BICKER, blk-k&r, v. n. 98. To skirmish, to
fight oft' and on ; to quiver, to play backward and for-
ward.
BlCKERER, blk-ur-ur, & 555. A skirmisher.
BiCKERN, bikikurn, s. 98. 418. An iron ending
in a point.
BICORNE, bl-kSrn, US. ) ..
TJ , i , » , i > adt. Having two horns.
BICORNOUS, bl-kor-nus, ) *
BlCORPORAL, bl-koripo-ral, adj. 118. Having
two bodies.
To BID, bid, v. a. To desire, to ask ; to command,
to order ; to ofTcr, to propose ; to pronounce, to de-
clare ; to denounce.
BIDDEN, bid-dn, part. pass. 103. Invited ; com-
manded.
BIDDER, bld'dur, s. 98. One who offers or pro-
poses a price.
BIDDING, bid-ding, s. 410. Command, order.
To BlDE, bide, v. a. To endure, to sutler.
To BlDE, bide, v. n. To dwell, to live, to inhabit ;
to remain in a place.
BlDENTAL, bUden^tal, adj. 118. Having two teeth.
BIL
DIP
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, m& 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, mive 164,
BiDISG, bidding, *. 4 1O. Residence, habitation.
BlKNMAL, bi-£nin£-al, adj. 116. Of the continu-
ance of two years.
BlUARY, bll'va-re, adj. 113. Belonging to the
Bil.tNGSGATE, bil-llngz-gate, „». Ribaldry, foul
BlER, beir, s. i>75. A carriage on which the dead ] language.
are carried to the grave. i BlLIXGL'OL'S, bi-ling-gwCls, adj. 118. Having two
BlESTINGS, biesitiugz, *. 275. The first milk | _.to»fiucs-
given by a cow after calving.
BlFAlllOUS, bi-ta-re-is, adj. Two.fold.
BILIOUS, bll-y&s, adj. 113. Consisting of bile.
To BlLK, oilk, v. a. To cheat, to defraud.
Birr.KOL'S, bifU&ffa, adj. 503. Bearing fruit BlLL, bill, j. The beak of a fowl
twice a vear.
BILL, bill, s. A kind of hatchet with a hooked point
see that the antepenultimate accent on this
n.njj with a cleft.
BlFOLD, bUf6ld, adj. Two-fold, double.
BlFORMED, bl-formd, adj. 362. Compounded of
two Conns.
BIFURCATED, bi farika t£d, adj. 118. Shooting
out into two heads.
BIFURCATION, bUf&r-ka^sh&n, t. Division into
two.
BlG, big, adj. Great in bulk, large; teeming, preg-
. nant ; full of something; distended, swoln; great in f &>, Mr' 5"1"* has. vcry ;"d<ciously corrected a false
air .ind mien, proud ; pekt in spirit, brave. ' ^"tuSfiy leld to a faUe'pronundatlon^' Dr^John'^n
BIGAMIST, blg-ga-mist, *. One that has commit- derives it from ball and yard, or stick, to push it with.
ted bigamy. So Spencer —
BIGAMY, big'ga-m£, s. 535. 503. The crime of
having two wives at once.
BlGBELLIED, big-b£l-lid, adj. 282. Pregnant.
BIGGIN, blgigln, s. A child's cap.
BlGLY, big-ll, adv. Tumidly, haughtily.
BIGNESS, blg-n£s, s. Greatness of quantity; size,
hether greater or smaller.
BlGOT, big-gCit, s. 166. A man devoted to a cer-
tain party
BIGOTED, big-g&t-£d, adj. Blindly prepossessed in
favour of something.
Jf^f* From what oddity I know not, this word is fi»
quently pronounced as if accented on the last syllable but
one, and is generally found written as if it ought to be
so pronounced, the t being doubled, as is usual when a
participle is formed from a verb that has its accent on
the last syllable. Dr. Johnson, indeed, has very judi-
ciously set both orthography and pronunc ation to rights,
and spells the word with one t, though he flnds it with
two in the quotations he gives us from Garth and Swift.
That the former thought it might be pronounced with
the accent on the second syllable, is highly presumable
from the use he makes of it, where he says,
" Bigotted to thu idol, we disclaim
* Rot, health, and ea*e, for nothing but a name."
For if we do not lay the accent on the second syllable,
here the verse will be unpavdonably rugged. This mis-
take must certainly take its rise from supposing a verb
To BlLL, bill, v. a. To publish by an advertisement.
BILLET, bli-llt, s. 99. 47-2. 481. A small paper,
a note ; billet-doiix, or a soft billet, a love letter.
BILLET, Oil-lit, «. 99. A small log of wood for the
chimney.
To BILLET, bil-Ht, «>. a. To direct a soldier where
he is to lodge ; to quarter soldiers.
BILLIARDS, bil-yfirdz, *. 1 13. A kind of play.
••ith cards, with halliard* far unfit,
e-cocks, unseeraing manly wit."
Spencer, says Mr. Nares, was probably misled, as well
as the Lexicographer, by a false notion of the etymology.
The word, as well as the game, is French, biO'uird; and
made by the addition of a common termination, from
btile, the term for the ball used in playing.
BlLLOW, bllil6, s. A wave swollen.
BILLOWY, bil-lo-£, adj. Swelling, turgid.
BIN, bin, i. A place where bread or wine is repcsited.
BINARY, bi'na-r<*, adj. 118. To double.
To BIND, bind, v- a. To confine with bonds, to
enchain; to gird, to enwrap; to fasten to any thing;
to fasten together ; to cover a wound with dressings;
to compel, to constrain ; to oblige by stipulation ; to
confine, to hinder; to make costive; to restrain ; To
bind to, to oblige to serve some one; To bind over, to
oblige to make appearance.
To BIND, bind, v. n. To contract, to grow stiff ;
to be obligatory.
BINDER, bindi-frr. s. 98. A man whose trade it is
to bind books; a man that binds sheaves ; a fillet, a
shred cut to bind with.
BINDING, bind'ing, s. 410. A bandage.
BINDWEED, blnd-weed, s. A plant.
BINNACLE, blnia-kl, «. 405. A sea term, meaning
thecompass box.
,,»-? ' his word ls not ln Jo"11*™ : and Dr. Ash and
Mr- Smlth. wl>° have ]t. pronounce the « in the first syl-
lable short- u Is probably only a corruption of the word
which does not exist, namely, as bigot ; but as this word
is derived from a substantive, it ought to have the same
accent ; thus, though the words ballot and bititt are verbs '
as well as nouns, yet as they have the accent on the first j
syllable, the participial adjectives derived from them •'a<-
have only one t, and both are pronounced with the ac- 1 BlNOCI.K, bin-no-kl, s. 405. A telescope fitted so
cent on the first syllable, as balloted, billeted. Bigoted \ with two tubes, as that a distant object may be seen
therefore ought to have but one t, and to preserve the with both eves.
accent on the first syllable. j j£> -j he same reason appears for pronouncing the j iu
thefirst syllable of this word short as in Bigamy, 553.
BINOCULAR, bi nok-u-lur, adj. 118. 88. 98.
Having two eyes.
BIGOTRY, blg-gut-tre, s. 555. Blind real, pre-
judice; the practice of a bigot.
BlGSWOLN, blgiswAln, adj. Turgid.
I
BlLANDER, bUian-d&r, s. 503.° A small vessel ! BIOGRAPHER, bi 6gigra-fo.r, *. 1 16. A writer of
used for the carriage of goods. lives
BILBERRY, blKblr-ri, *. Whortleberry. BIOGRAPHY, bi-ip^gra-fii, s. 1 16 518. An his-
BlLBO, bll^bd, I. A rapier a sword torical account of the lives of particular men.
~c i JI'KA BlPAROUS, bipipa-rus, adj. 503. Bringing forth
BILBOES, bll-boze, s. 296. A sort of stocks. two at a Ojrtj,
BlI.E, bile, *. A thick, yellow, bitter liquor, separat- £>• This word and Bipedal have the I long in DrJ Ash
ed in the liver, collected in the gall bladder, and dis- andMr. Sheridan ; but Mr. Perry makes the t in the lirst
charged by the common duct. long, and in the la«t short : analogy, however, seems tt>
BlLE, bile, *. A sore angry swelling. Impro ,' decide in favour of the sound 1 have given it For though
» J '" the penultimate accent has a tendency to lengthen the
_ . .... vowel when followed by a single consonant, m> in biped,
lo LiiLGE, blije, v. n. 74. To spring a leak. tripod, die. the antepenultimate accent has a greater tea.
53
BIT
nor 167, not 163— libe 171, tfib 172, bfill 173— oil 299 — pound 313— //(in 466— TH!S 469.
dency to shorten the vowel it falls upon.— '-ee Bigamy \ made to be carried to sea ; a composition of fine Hour,
nnil Tripixi, oOS. | almonds, a«d siip.sr.
BIPARTITE, bip-par-tite, adj. 155. Having two To BISECT, bi-s£kt/ v. a. 118, 119. To divide
The fourth
correspondent parts.
Jf^f Every ortlmepist lias the accent on the first syllable
of this word but Kntick, who places it on the second ;
l>ut a considerable difference is found in the quantity of
the first and last i. Sheridan and Scott have them both
long. Nares the last long, Perry both short, and Buchan-
an and \V. Johnston as I have marked them. The vari-
eties of quantity on this word are the more surprising, as
all those writers that give the sound of the vowels make
the first i in tripartite short, and the 1 st long; and this
uniformity in the pronunciation of one word ou^ht to
have led them to the same pronunciation of the other,
to perfectly similar. The shortening power of the ante-
penultimate accent is evident in both, 503
BlPARTITION, bi-par-tlsb-un, s. The act of di-
viding into two.
BlPED, bl-p£d, s. 118. An animal with two feet
BrPKDAL, blp-pe-dal, adj. 503. Two feet in length.
See BijMrous.
BlPENNATED, bl p£n-na-t£d, adj. 118. Having
two wings.
BlPETALOUS, bi p£t-ta-lus, adj. 118. Consisting
of two flower-leaves.
BIQUADRATE, bl-qwa'drate, 91.
BIQUADRATICS btqwA-drftrf-lk,
power arising from the multiplication of a square by
itself.
BiRCH, burtsh, s. 108. A tree.
BiRCHEN, bUr^tshn, adj. 103. 405. Made of
birch.
jj^- An Englishman may blush at this cluster of con-
sonants for a syllabic ; and yet this is unquestionably the
exact pronunciation of the word ; and that our language is
full of these syllables without vowels — See Principles,
No 103. 40.J.
BIRD, burd, s. 108. A general term for the fea-
thered kind, a fowl.
To BIRD, b&rd, v. n. To catch birds.
BiRDBOLT, bfrrd-bolt, s. A small arrow.
BIRDCATCHER, burdikatsb-ur, *. 89. One that
makes it his employment to take birds.
BlRDER, burd-ur, s. 98. A birdcatcher.
BIRDINGPIECE, burd-lng-p^ese, s. A gun to shoot
birds with.
BIRDLIME, burd-lime, s. A glutinous substance
spread upon twigs, by which the birds that light upon
them are entangled.
BIRDMAN, bfird^-man, s. 88. A birdcatcher.
BIRDSEYE, biirdzil, )
BIRDSFOOT, b&rdzifut, I *• A plant' •
BlRDSNEST, burdzi-n&st, s. An herb.
BlRDSNEST, biirdz-nest, s. The place where a
bird lays her eggs and hatches her young.
BlRDSTONGUE, burdz'tfing, t. An herb.
BiRGANDER, b£r-gan-dur, s. A fowl of the goose
kind.
BlRTH, b&rth, s. 108. The act of coming into life;
extraction, lineage ; rank which is inherited by descent ;
the condition in which any man is bora; thing born ;
the act of bringing forth.
BIRTHDAY, b&rlh'-da, s. The day on which any
one is bom.
BlRTHDOM, bd'rt/;idum, s. Privilege of birth.
BlRTHNIGHT, b£rt;Aiite, s. The night on which
any one is born.
BIRTHPLACE, b£r</j£plase, s. Place where any
one is born.
BIRTHRIGHT. b&rth-ritQ, s. The rights and pri-
vileges to which a man is born ; the right of the first-
born.
BIRTHSTRANGLED, bOrt/<-stran<i-gld, adj. 359.
Strangled in being born. See Birc/ien.
BlRTHWORT, bUrl/i'-wurt, s. 166. The name of a
plant.
BlSCUIT, bls-kit, 3. 341. A kind of hard dry bread.
into two parts
BISECTION, bl-sOkish&n, S. 118. A geometrical
term, signifying the division of any quantity into two
equal parts.
BISHOP, bish-fip, s. 166. One of the head order
of the clergy.
BISHOP, bWh-up, s. A cant word for a mixture of
wine, oranges, and sugar.
BlSHOPRICK, blsb-up-rlk, s. The diocese of a bi-
shop.
BlSHOPWEED, blsht&p-wMd, s. A plant.
BlSK, bisk, s. Soup, broth.
BISMUTH, b\Z-mhth, s. Marcasitc, a hard, white,
brittle, mineral substance, of a metalline nature, found
at Misnia.
BISSEXTILE, bls-s£ks-til, s. 1 40. Leap year.
Jf^- Mr. Scott places the accent on the first syllable of
this word; Pr. Kenrick on the first and last; Mr. Sheri-
dan, Dr. Johnson, \V. Johnston, Dr. Ash, Buchanan,
Perry, Entick, and Bailey, on the second; Mr. Scott,
Dr. Kenrick, and W. Johnston, pronounce the last i Icng,
as in tile. Hut as the accent i^ on the second syllable by
so great a majority, analogy determines the last i to be
short.
BlSSON, blsi-s&n, adj. 166. Blind. Obsolete.
BISTORT, bls-tSrt, *. A plant called snake-weed.
BISTOURY, bls'tur-^, s. 314. A surgeon's instru-
ment used in making incisions.
BlT, bit, s. The iron part of the bridle which is put
into the horse's mouth.
BlT, bit, s. As much meat as is put into the mouth
at once ; a small piece of any thing : a Spanish West
India silver coin, valued at seven-pence half-penny.
To BlT, bit, v. a. To put the bridle upon a horse.
BlTCH, bltsh, s. The female of the dog kind ; a vul-
gar name of reproach for a woman.
To HlTE, bite, v. a. To crush or pierce with the
teeth; to give pain by cold ; to hurt or pain with re-
proach ; to cut, to wo'und ; to make the mouth smart
with an acrid taste ; to cheat, to trick.
BlTE, bite, s. The seizure of any thing by the teeth ;
the act of a fish that takes the bait ; a cheat, a trick ; a
srurper.
BlTER, bl't&r, s. 98. He that bites ; a fish apt to
take the ta t ; a tricker, a deceiver.
BlTTACLE, blt^ta-kl, s. 405. A frame of timber
in the steerage, where the compass is placed. More
commonly Binnacle.
BlTTER, bit-tur, adj. 98. Having a hot, acrid, bi-
ting taste, like wormwood ; sharp, cruel, severe: cala-
mitous, miserable; reproachful, satirical; unpleasing
or hurtful.
BlTTKHGROUND, bltit&r-gJ OUlld, S. A plant.
BITTERLY, b1t£tfir-l<*. adt<. With a bitter taste-
in a biting manner, sorrowfully, calamitously ; sharp-
ly, severely.
BITTERN, blt-t&rn, s. 98. A bird with long legs,
which feeds upon fish.
BITTERNESS, bit-tur-n£s. *. A -bitter taste ; ma-
lice, grudge, hatred, implacability: sharpness, severity
of temper; satire, piquancy, keenness of reproach ;
sorrow, vexation, affliction.
BITTERSWEET, blt-tiV-swWt, *. An apple which
has a compounded taste.
BITUMEN, b^-tu-n^n, s. 118. 5O3. A fat unc-
tuous matter dug out of the earth, or scummed oft
lakes.
j£5> This word, from the propensity of our language
to the antepenultimate accent, is often pronounced with
the stress on the first syllable, as if written ItU'u-men ; and
this last mode of sounding the word may be eons-idem!
as the most common, though not the most learned pro
nunciation. For Dr. Ash is the only orthocpi«t who pla-
ces the accent on the first syllable; but every one who
gives the sound of the unaccented vowels, except Buchan-
an, very improperly makes the t long, as in idle; but if
this sound be lonp, it ought to be slender, as iu the se-
cond syllable ofvitiUe, terrible, <Stc. 117- 551.
M
ULA
BLE
5- 5/59. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fit 81— rr£ 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107— ni> 162, m5ve 164,
BITUMINOUS, l>£-tu-me-nus, adj. 118
pounded of bitumen. I
BIVALVE, bUvalv, adj. 118. Having two valves,'
or -hutters, used of those fish that have two shells, as
oysters. |
' HaV'n '""
Com-
BlXWORT, bU-siw&rt, s. An herb.
BIZANTINE, bUian-tlne, *. 149. A piece of gold
valued at fifteen pounds, which the king offers upon j
high festival days. ]
jtV Perry is the only orthoepist who pronounces the j
last Tin this word short ; and Dr. Johnson remarks, that ,
of Constantinople, anciently called Byzantium.
To BLAB, blab,~v. a. To tell what ought to be kept
secret.
To BLAB, blab, v. n. To tell tale*.
BLAB, blttb, s. A tell-tale.
BLABBER, bla-b&r, s. A tatler.
BLACK, blak adj. Of the colour of night ; dark ;
cloudy of countenance; sullen; horrible, wicked; dis-
mal, mournful.
BLACK-BRYONY, blik-brUi-ne:, s. The name of a
plant.
BLACK-CATTLE, blak-kat-tl, j. Oxen, bulls, and
cows.
BLACK-GUARD, blag-gird, s. 448. A dirty fel-
low, a low term.
BLACK-LEAD, blik-l£d,' s. A mineral found in the
lead mines, much used for pencils.
BLACK-PUDDING, blik-pfld^ding, *. A kind of
food made of blood and grain.
BLACK- ROD, blik-rod/ s. The usher belonging to
the order of the garter ; so called from the black rod
he carries in his hand. He is usher of the parliament.
BLACK, blak, s. A black colour; mourning; a
blackamoor ; that part of the eye which is black.
To BLACK, blak, v. a. To make black, to blacken.
BLACKAMOOR, blak-a-mAre, s. A negro.
BLACKBERRY, blik-ber-ri, s. A species of bram-
ble ; the fruit of it.
BLACKBIRD, blik'burd, s. The name of a bird.
To BLACKEN, blak-kn, «>. a, 103. To make of a
black colour ; to darken, to defame.
To BLACKEN, blak^kn, v. n. To grow black.
BLACKISH, blak-lsh, adj. Somewhat black.
BLACKMOOR, blAkimore, s. A negro.
BLACKNESS, blak-n£s, j. Black colour ; darkness.
BLACKSMITH, blaki-smU/;, ». A smith that works
in iron, so called from being very smutty.
BLACKTAIL, blak-tale, s. The ruff or pope. A
small fish.
BLACKTHORN, blak-rtorn, s. The sloe.
BLADDER, bladid&r, s. 98. That vessel in the
body which contains the urine ; a blister, a pustule.
BLAUDKR-NCT, bladMur-n&t, 7
BLADDER SENNA, hlidid&r-s&iia, $ *' A plant
BLADE, blade, s. The spire of grass, the green shoots
of com.
BLADE, blade, *. The sharp or striking part of a
weapon or instrument; a brisk man, either. fierce or
BLADEBONE, blade-bone, s. The scapula or scapu-
lar bone. Probably corrupted from Platebone. Gr.
B LAI) ED, bla-d£d, adj. Having blades or spires.
HLAIS, Wane, s. A pustule, a blister.
BLAMEABLE, bla-ma-bl, adj. 405. Culpable,
faulty.
BLAMEABLENESS, bla-ma-bl-n£s,-5. Fanlt,
BLAMKABLY, bla-ma-ble., adv. Cuijv.My.
To BLAME, blame v. a. To censure, to charge
with a fault.
BLAME, blame, *. Imputation of a fault; crime,
hurt.
Bl.AMEFUL, blame-fill, adj. Criminal, guilty.
BLAMELESS, blamt-le/s, adj. Guiltless, innocent.
BLAMELESSLY, blaine-l£s-l«i, adv. Innocently.
BLAMELESSNESS, blame-l&*-n£s, s. Innocence.
BLAMER, blaim&r, *. 98. A censurer.
BLAMEWORTHY, blame-w&r-TH^, adj. Culpable,
blameable.
To BLANCH, blansh, v. a. To whiten ; to strip
or peel such things as have husks ; to obliterate, to
pass over.
BLANCHER, blan^sh&r, *. 98. A whitener.
BLAND, blind, adj. Soft, mild, gentle.
To BLANDISH, blanMish, t>. a. To smooth, to
soften. •
BLANDISHMENT, blanWIsh-mfnt, * Act of fond-
ness, expression of tenderness by gesture ; soft words,
kind speeches; kind treatment.
BLANK, blangk, adj. White; unwritten ; confut-
ed ; without rhyme.
BLANK, blangk, s. A void space ; a lot by which
nothing is gained ; a paper unwritten ; the point to
which an arr< w or shot is directed.
BLANKET, blingk-lt, *. 99. A woollen cover, soft,
and loosely woven ; a kind of pear.
To BLANKET, blingkUt, v. a. To cover with a
blanket ; to toss in a blanket.
BLANKLY, blingk-14 adv. In a blank manner,
with paleness, with confusion.
To BLASPHEME, bias-feme,' v. a. To speak in
terms of impious irreverence of God ; to speak evil ot
To BLASPHEME, blis-feme/ v. n. To speak blas-
phemy.
BLASPHEMER, blas-fe^m&r, *. A wretch that
speaks of God in impious and irreverent terms.
BLASPHEMOUS, blis£fe.-mus, adj. Impiously irre-
verent with regard to God.
Jf5=- We sometimes hear this word pronounced with
the accent on the second syllable like blaspheme; and as
the word bbupfiemus in Latin has the second syllable
long, and the English word has the same number of syl-
lables, it has as good a right to the accent on the second
syllable, as Sonorous, Bitumen, Acumen, fee. ; but placing
the accent on the first syllable of blasphemous is by much
the most polite ; as, unfortunately for the other pronun-
ciation, though the learned one, it has been adopted by
the vulgar, 503.
BLASPHEMOUSLY, blis£fe,-m&s-le, adv. Impiously,
with wicked irreverence.
BLASPHEMY, blas-f£-me., s. Blasphemy is an offer-
ing of some indignity unto God himself.
BLAST, blast, $. A gust, or puff of wind ; the
sound made by any instrument of wind musick ; the
stroke of a malignant planet.
To BLAST, blist, v. a. To strike with some sudden
plague ; to make to wither ; to injure, to invalidate ;
to confound, to strike with terror.
j BLASTMENT, blist-m£nt, s. Sudden stroke of in-
fection.
BLATANT, bla-tant, adj. Bellowing as a calf.
To BLATTER, blit-t&r, v. n. To roar.
Bl.A\ , l)la, *. A small whitish river fish ; a bleak.
; BLAZE, blaze, 4. A flame, the light of the flame;
publication ; a white mark upon a horse.
To BLAZE, blaze, v. n. To flame, to be conspi-
cuous.
To BLAZE, blaze, v. a. To publish, to make
known ; to blazon ; to inflame ; to lire.
( Bl.AZEk, bla-zur, s. 98. One that spreads reports.
I To BLAZON, bla-zn, v. a. 170. To explain, in
proper teims, the figures on ensigns armorial; to deck
to embellish ; to display, to set to show; to celebrate
to set out ; to bla/e abo'ut, to make public.
BLAZONRY, bla-zn-re., *. The art of blazoning.
To BLEACH, bleetsh, v. a. To whiten.
, BLEAK, bleke, adj. Pale ; cold, chill. %
BLI
BLO
riAr I6~, not 1 1>3 — lube 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 299— pound 313 — tfi\n 466— THIS 469
BLEAK, blc-ke x. A small river fish.
BLEAKNESS, bleke-n&i, s. Coldness, chilnen.
BLEAKY, bl«^k£, adj. Bleak, cold, chill.
BLEAR. blWr, adj. Dim with rheum or water; dim,
obscure in general.
BLEARF.DNF.SS, bl<kl-r£d-n£s, s. 365. The state
of being dimmed with rheum.
To BLEAT, bl&c, v. n. To cry as a sheep.
BLEAT, bl«ke, s. The cry of a sheep or lamb.
BLEB, bl£b, s. A blister.
To BLEED, bletkl, v. n. To lose blood, to run with
blood ; to drop .is blood.
To BLEED, bleed, v. a. To let blood.
To BLEMISH, bl£m-Ish, v. a. To mark with any
deformity ; to defame, to tarnish, with res|iectto repu-
tation.
BLEMISH, bl£m-lsh, s.
scar ; reproach, disgrace.
To BLENCH, blensh, v.
sUrt back.
A mark of deformity, a
n, 352. To shrink, to
To BLEND, bl<*nd, v. a. To mingle together ; to
confound ; to pollute, to spoil.
BLENT, bl£nt. The obsolete part, of Blend.
To BLESS, bl£s, v. a. To make happy, to prosper,
to wish happiness to another; to praise; to glorify for
benefits received.
BLESSED, bl£s-s>ld, part. adj. 361. Happy, enjoy-
ing heavenly felicity.
BLESSEDLY, bl£sis<kl-1£, adv. Happily.
B LESSEDN ESS, bl£s-s£d-n£s, s. Happiness, felicity,
sanctity ; heavenly felicity ; Divine favour.
BLESSER, blds^sfir, s. 98. He that blesses.
BLESSING, bl£s-slng, s. 410. Benediction; the
means of happiness ; divine favour.
Bt.EST, bl£st, part. adj. 361. Happy.
BLEW, blu. The preterit of Blow.
Bl.fGHT. bllte, s. 393. Mildew, any thing nipping
or blasting.
T-i BLIGHT, blite, v. a. To blast, to hinder from
fertility.
BLIND, blind, adj. Without sight, dark ; intellec-
tually dark ; unsten, private; dark, obscure.
To BLIND, blind, v. a. To make blind, to darken;
to obscure to the eye ; to obscure to the understanding.
BLIND, blind, s. Something to hinder the sight ;
something to mislead.
To BLINDFOLD, blind-fold, v. a. To hinder from
seeing by blinding the eyes.
BLINDFOLD, blind- fold, adj. Having the eyes
covered.
BLINDLY, blindi-1^, adv. Without sight, implicit-
ly, without examination ; without judgment or direc-
tion.
BLINDMAN'S BUFF, blind-mSnz-b&f/ s. A play
in whieh some one is to have his eyes covered, and
hunt out the rest of the company.
BLINDNESS, blind£>n£s, s. Want of sight ; ignor-
ance, intellectual (iarkness.
Bl.INDSIDE, blind-side,' s. Weakness, foible.
BLINDWORM, blind-wtirm, s. A small viper, ve-
nomous.
To BLINK, bllngk, v. n. To wink ; to see obscurely.
}t^- This word has been used for some years, chiefly in
Pail lament, as a verb active; as when a speaker has o-
mitted to take notice of some material point in question,
lie is said to blink the question. It were to be wished
that every wont which finds its way into that house had
as good a title to remain there as the present word. It
combines in its signification an omission and an artful in-
tention to omit; and as this cannot be so handsomely or
so comprehensively expressed by any other word, this
word, in this sense, ought to be received.
BUNKAKD, bllngk-urd, s. 98. One that has bad
eyes ; something twinkling.
BUSS, blis, s. The highest degree of happiness ; the
happiness of blessed souls ; felicity in general.
BLISSFUL, blissful, adj. Happy in the highest de-
gree.
BLISSFULLY, blls'ful-lt*, adv. Happily.
BLISSFULNESS, blls£ful-n&>, *. Happiness.
BLISTER, bllsit&r, s. 98. A pustule formed by rais-
ing the cuticle from the cutis; any swelling made by
the separation of a film or skin from the other parts.
To BLISTER, blls^tur, v. n. To rise in blisters.
To BLISTER, blls-tur, v. a. To raise blisters by
some hurt.
BLITHE, bllTHe, ailj. 467. Gay, airy.
BLITHLY, bllTH-l£, ndo. In a blithe manner.
85* These compounds of the word blithe ought to be
written with the final e, as blithely, blithesome, \e. for as
they stand in Johnson, the t might be pronounced short.—
See Introduction to the Rhyming Dictionary, Orthogra-
phical Aphorism the 8th.
BLITHNESS, bHrn^n^s,
BLITHSOMENESS, bliTH-sum-n^s,
lity of being blithe.
BLITHSOME, bllTHisum, adj. Gay, cheerful.
To BLOAT, blote, t>. a. To swell.
To BLOAT, blote, v. n. To grow turgid.
BLOATEDNESS, blAlt£d-n&, s. Turgidness ; swel-
ling.
BLOBBER, blib^bftr, *. 98. A bubble.
BLOBBERI.IP, blfibiMr-Hp, 5. A thick lip.
7
3*
Having
BLOBBERLIPPED, blobibur-lipt,
BLOBLIPPED, blol/Hpt,
swelled or thick lips.
BLOCK, blSk, s. A short heavy piece of timber; a
rough piece of marble; the wood on which hats are
formed; the wood on which criminals are beheaded;
an obstruction, a stop ; a sea term for a pulley ; a block-
head.
To BLOCK, blok, v. a. To shut up, to enclose.
BLOCK-HOUSE, bl6k-h6use, *. A fortress built to
obstruct or block up a pass.
BLOCK- TIN, b!6k-dn,' s. Tin pure or unmixed.
BLOCKADE, blftk-kade,' *. A siege carried on by
shutting up the place.
To BLOCKADE, blok-kade,' v. a. To shut up.
BLOCKHEAD, blok^h^d, s. A stupid fellow, a dolt,
a man without parts.
BLOCKHEADED, bli
BLOCKISH, bl&k-lsh,
Stupid, dull.
Bl-OCKlSHLY, blok-ish-W, adv. In a stupid man-
ner.
Bl.OCKISHNESS, bloktfsh-nls, s. Stupidity.
BLOOD, blud, s. 308. The red liquor that circu-
lates in the bodies of animals; child; progeny; family,
kindred ; descent, lineage ; birth, high extraction ;
murder, violent death ; temper of mind, state of the
passions : hot spark, man of fire.
To BLOOD, blud, v. a. To stain with blood ; to
inure to blood, as a hound ; to heat, to exasperate.
BI.OOD-BOLTERED, blud^bol-turd, adj. Blood
sprinkled.
BLOODSTONE, blmUstone, ,<t. The bloodstone is
green, spotted with a bright blood-red.
BLOOD-THIRSTY, blfid-<Aurs-t^, adj. Desirous to
shed blood.
BLOOD-FLOWER, blud-flou-fir, s. A plant.
BLOODGUILTINESS, blud-gilt-e-n&>, s. Murder.
BLOOD-HOUND, blud-huund, s. A hound that fol
lows by the scent.
BLOODILY, bKuW-le, adv. Cruelly
BLOODINESS, blCidie-n&, s. The state of being
bloody.
BLOODLESS, blud-13s, adj. Without blood, dead ;
without slaughter.
BLOODSHED, bUulish^d, s. The crime of Mood, or
murder; slaughter.
BLOODSHEDDER, blud-sh£d-dcir, «. Murdeier,
BLTJ 56
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, tn£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — r.o 162, move 164,
103. Fill-
BLOODSHOT, blud^slu't, ) ,.
BLOODSHOTTEN, blud'shot-tn, $ ""
ed with blood bursting from its proper vessels.
BLOODSUCKER, bl&di-suk-ur, s. A letch, a fly,
any thing that sucks blood; a murderer.
BLOODY, blud^i, adj. Stained with blood ; cruel,
murderous.
BLOOM, bl66m, *. A blossom ; the state of imma-
turity.
To BLOOM, bloom, v- n. To bring or yield blos-
coms; to produce, as blossoms; to be in a state of
youth.
BLOOMY, bloomi4, adj. Full of blooms, flowery.
BLOSSOM, blos^sum, t. 166. The flower that
grows on any plant.
To BLOSSOM, blos^sum, v. n. To put forth blos-
soms.
To BLOT, blot, v. a. To obliterate, to make writing
invisible; to efface, to erase; to blur; to disgrace, to
disfigure: to darken.
Bl.OT, blot, s. An obliteration of something writ-
ten ; a blur ; a spot in reputation.
BLOTCH, bluish, s. A spot or pustule upon the
skin.
To BLOTE, blite, v. a. To smoke, or dry by the
smoke.
BLOW, blA, *. 324. A stroke; the fatal stroke; a
single action, a sudden event ; the act of a fly, by which
she lodges ejgs in flesh.
To BLOW, bio, v. n. To move with s current of
jiir : This word is used sometimes impersonally with
It; to
I'knt, t
; To pla
o puff'; to breathe hard ; to sound by being
i| 10 souiiu an iiisirumem 01 wiim music* ; 10 warm
h the breath ; to spread by report ; to infect with
eggs of flies ; To blow out," to extinguish by wind ;
blow up, to raise or swell with breath ; To blow
blown; To play musically by wind; to bloom; to blos-
som ; To blow over, to pass away without effect ; To
blow up, to fly into the air by the force of gun-pow-
der.
To BLOW, bio, v. a. To drive by the force of the
wind ; to inflame with wind ; to swell, to pufT into
size; to sound an instrument of wiim musick ; to warm
with the breath
theei
To
up, to destroy with gunpowder; To blow upon, to
make stale.
BLOWZE, blouze, t. 323. A ruddy fat-faced wench ;
a female whose hair is in disorder.
BLOWZY, blou-ze, adj. Sun-burnt, high-coloured.
BLUBBER, bltibU>ur, s. The pait of a whale that
contains the oil.
To BLUBBER, blub^bur, v. n- To weep in such a
manner as to swell the checks.
BLUDGEON, bludijun, j. 259. A short stick, with
one end loaded.
BlUE, blu, adj. 335. One of the seven original
colours.
BLUEBOTTLE, blu-b&t-tl, s. A flower of the bell
BLUNDERHEAD, blunid&r-hed, t. A stupid feU
Inw.
BLUNT, blunt, adj. Dull on the edge or point, not
sharp; dull in understanding, nut quick; rough, not
delicate; abrupt, not elegant.
To BLUNT, blunt, r. a. To dull the edge or point;
to repress or weaken any appetite.
BLUNTLY, bl&nt-le, adv. Without sharpness ;
coarsely, plainly.
BLUNTNESS, Hmtfob, *. Want of edge or point,
coarseness, roughness of manners.
BLUR, blur, s. A blot, a stain.
To BLUR, blur, t>. a. To blot, to efface, to stain.
To BLURT, blurt, v. a- To let fly without think-
ing.
To BLUSH, blush, v. n. To betray shame or con-
fusion, by a red colour in the cheek ; to carry a red co-
lour.
BCUSH, blush, *. The colour in the cheeks ; a red
or purple colour; sudden appearance.
BLUSHY, blush^, adj. Having the colour of a
blush.
To BLUSTER, blus-tur, v. n. To roar, a» a storm ;
to bully, to puff.
BLUSTER, blus^tur, s. Roar, noise, tumult; boast,
boisterousness.
BLUSTERER, blusitur-ur, «. A swaggerer, a bull*
BLUSTROUS, blus-trus, adj. Tumultuous, noisy.
Bo, bo, itllerj. A word of terror.
BOAR, bore, s. 295. The male swine.
BOARD, bord, s. A piece of wood of more length
and breadth than thickness; a table, at which a coun-
cil c.i counts held; a court of jurisdiction; the deck
or floor of a ship.
To BOARD, bord, v. a. To enter a ship by force ;
to attack, or make the first attempt; to lay or pave
with boards.
To BOARD, bird, r>. n. To live in a house where
a certain rate is paid for eating.
BOARD-WAGES, b6rd-wa-jiz, s. 99. Wages al-
lowed to servants to keep themselves in victuals.
BOARDER, bor-dur, s. One who diets with ano-
ther at a certain rate.
BOAR1SH, bort'-lsli, ailj. Swinish, brutal, cruel.
To BOAST, bost, v • n. To display one's own worth
or actions.
To BOAST, bost, v. a. To brag of; to magnify, to
exalt.
BOAST, b6st, s. A proud speech ; cause of boast-
ing.
BOASTER, bist-ur, *. A bragger.
BOASTFUL, bost-ful, adj. Ostentatious.
BOASTINGLY, bost-lng-1^, adv. Ostentatiously.
BOAT, bote, s. 295. A vessel to pass the water in.
BOATION, bo-aishun, s. Roar, noise.
shape; a fly with a large blue belly.
Bl.U ELY, blu-l£, adv. With a blue colour.
JO" There is an inconsistency in spelling this and simi- •>_ _.. K.U.,'
!.-.r words with the s.lent t, and leaving it out in dwtyand \ BOATMAN, boti-mln / 4 gg H
truly, which shows how much our orthography still wants BOATSM AN, boles-man, ^
regulating, notwithstanding the labour and attention of
Dr. Johnson. My opinion is, that the servile e ought
to be omitted in these words; for my reasons, I must rc-
e that manage*
a boat.
BOATSWAIN, bo^sn, s. An officer on board a ship.
who has charge of all her rigging, ropes, cables, and
anchors.
£5- This word is universally pronounced in common
conversation as it is here marked ; but in reading it would
savour somewhat of vulgarity to contract it to a sound so
very unlike the orthog!aphy. It would be advisable,
therefore, in those who are not of the naval profession,
where it is technical, to pronounce this word, when they
I'cr the inspector to the Introduction to the Rhyming
Dictionary, Aphorism the 8th.
BLUEXESS, blu-n£s, *. The quality of being
blue.
BLUFF, bluf, adj. Big, surly, blustering.
BLUISH, blu-ish, adj. Blue in a small degree.
To BLUNDER, blunXd&r, P.M. 98. To mistake ' read'Tt,"distinctiy as "it is'written.
grossly ; to err very widely ; to flounder, to stumble. To BOB, bob, v. a. To beat, to drub ; to cheat, to
gain by fra'id.
To BOB, bob, v. n. To play backward and forward.
BOB, bob, S. Something that hangs so as to play
loose ; the words repeated at the end of a stanza ; a
blow ; a short wig.
BOBBIN, bib-bin, t. A small pin of wood with a
To BLUNDER, bUini-dur, v. a. To mix foolishly,
or blindly.
BLUNDER, blunM&r, *. A gross or shameful mis-
tike.
BLUNDERBUSS, blunid&r-bus, 5. A gun that is
discharged with many bullets.
BLUNDERER, blunidur-ir, *. A blockhead.
notch.
BOL
57
BON
nor 167, nit IfiS— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
BOBCHFRRV, b5b-tsh£r-re^, s. A play among chil-
dren, in whicB the cherry is hung so as to bob against
the mouth.
BOBTAIL, bol&ale, s. Cut tail.
BOBTAILEU, b&b^tald, adj. 359. Having a tail
cut.
BOBWIG, bob-wig, *. A short w>g.
2\> BODE, bode, v . a. To portend, to be the omen of.
BoDEMENT, bode-me^nt, s. Portent, omen.
To BODGE, b&dje, v. n. To boggle.
BODICE, I 6d-dls, *. 142. Stays, a waistcoat quilted
with whalebone.
BODILESS, b&d-d^-lds, adj. Incorporeal, without a
body.
BODILY,
adj. Corporeal, containing
body ; relating to the body, not the mind ; real, actual.
BODILY, b6d-de-l(i, adv. Corporeally.
BODKIN, bid-kin, s. An instrument with a email
blade and sharp point ; an instrument to draw a thread
or ribbon through a loop ; an instrument to dress the
hair.
BODY, b&d-dd, s. The material substance of an ani-
mal ; matter, opposed to spirit ; a person ; a human be-
in^ ; reality, opposed to representation ; a collective
mass; the main armv, the battle; a corporation ; the
outward condition; the main part; a pandect, a general
collection ; strength, as wine of a good body.
BODY-CLOTHES, bod-de-k!6ze, s. Clothing for
horses that are dieted.
BOG, b5g, S. A marsh, a fen, a morass.
BOG-TROTTER, b&g-tr&fc-tur, s. One that lives in
a b >ggy country.
To BOGGLE, bog'gl, v. n. 405. To start, to fly
back ; to hesitate.
BoGGLER, bog-glur, s. A doubter, a timorous
man.
BOGGY, bog-gd, adj. 283. Marshy, swampy.
BOGHOUSE, bigrhouse, s. A house of office.
BOHEA, bo-he,' s. A species of tea.
To BOIL, boll, v. n. 299. To be agitated by heat
to be hot, to be fervent; to move like boi Hug water
to be in hot liquor.
To BOIL, boll, v, a. To seeth ; to heat by putting
into boiling water ; to dress in boiling water.
BOILER, boll-frr, «. The person that boils any
thing; the vessel in which any thing is boiled.
BOISTEROUS, bols-teV-us, adj. Violent, loud, roar-
ing, stormy ; turbulent, furious ; unwieldy.
BOISTEROUSLY, bois-teV-us-le, adv. Violently, tu-
multuously.
BoiSTEROUSNESS, bSis-t£r-us-n£s, ». Tumultu-
ousness, turbulence.
Boi.ARY, bo-la-r£, adj. Partaking of the nature
of bole.
BOLD, bold, adj. Daring, brave, stout ; executed
with spirit; confident, not scrupulous; impudent,
rude ; licentious, standing out to the view ; To make
bold, to take freedoms.
To BOLDEN, bold^dn, v.a. 103. To make bold.
BOLDFACE, bold-fase, s. Impudence, sauciness.
BOLDFACED, bold-faste, adj. Impudent.
BOLDLY, bAld^le, adv. In a bold manner.
• BOLDNESS, bold-n^s, s. Courage, bravery ; exemp-
tion from caution ; assurance, impudence.
BOLE, b6le, s. The body or trunk of a tree ; a kind
of earth ; a measure of corn con ta ning six bushels.
BOLIS, boUlS, s. Bolis is a great fiery ball, swiftlj
hurried through the air, and generally drawing a tai
after it.
BOLL, bole, s. 406. A round stalk or stern.
BOLSTER, bole-stur. s. Something laid in the bed
to support the head ; a pad, or quilt ; compress for a
wound.
To BOLSTER, boleist&r, v. a. To support the heai
with a bolster ; Jo afford a bed to ; to hold wounds to-
gether with a compress ; to support, to maintain.
BOMB-KETCH, bum-ke'tsh,
BOMB-VESSEL, bum-ves-s£]
.1"
[3OLT, bAlt, s. An arrow, a dart ; a thunderbolt i
Bolt upright, that is, upright as an arrow ; the bar of *
door ; an iron to fasten the legs ; a spot or stain.
To BOLT, bolt, v. a. To shut or fasten with *
bolt; to blurt out; to fetter, to shackle; to sift, or
separate with a sieve; to examine, to try out; to pu-
rity, or purge.
To BOLT, bolt, v. n. To spring out with speed and
suddenness.
BOLTER, bolter, *. A sieve to serrate meal from
bran.
BOLTHEAD, boltihed, «. A long strait.necked
glass vessel ; a matrass, or receiver.
BOLTING HOUSE, bolt-ing house, a. The plac«
where meal is sifted.
BOLTSPRIT, or BOWSPRIT, bowsprit, s. A mast
running out at the head of a ship, not standing upright,
but aslope.
BOLUS, bo-lus, s. A medicine made up into a soft
mass, larger than pills.
BOMB, bum, s. 165. A loud noise; a hollow iron
ball, or shell, filled with gunpowder, and furnished
with a vent for a fusee, or wooden tube, filled with
combustible matter, to be thrown out from a mor-
tar.
J}^" I do not hesitate to follow Dr. Kenrick and Mr.
Nares in this word, and all its compounds, in giving the
o its fourth sound, equivalent to the second sound of u,
though contrary to Air. Sheridan's pronunciation, which
makes it rhyme with Tom, from, &c. Dr. Johnson's de-
rivation of the word to bump, from the same origin as
bomb, makes the pronunciation 1 have given more agree-
able to analogy.
BOMB- CHEST, bum-tshe'st, s. A kind of chest fill-
ed with bombs, placed under ground to blow up in the
air.
A kind of ship,
strongly built, to bear the shock of a mortar.
BOMBARD, bum-bard, s. A great gun ; a barrel
of wine.
To BOMBARD, bum-bard/ v. a. To attack with
bombs.
BOMBARDIER, bum-bar-deer,' s. 275. The engi-
neer, whose employment it is to shoot bombs.
BOMBARDMENT, bum-bird-m£nt, j. An attack
made by throwing bombs.
BOMBASIN, bum-ba-zeen/ s. A slight silken stuff.
BOMBAST, bum-bast/ s. Fustian, big word*.
BOMBAST, bum-bast/ adj. High -sounding.
BOMBASTICK, bum-bas-tik, adj. High-sounding,
pompous.
Jf5" Dr. Ash is the only lexicographer who has inserted
this word ; but 1 think its general usage entitlt-s it to a
place in the language, especially as it has the true adjec-
tive termination, and relieves us from the inconvenience
to which our language is so subject, that of havi-ig the
substantive and adjective of the same form ; and th. ugh,
as bombast stands in Dr. Johnson, the substantive has the
accent on the last syllable, and the adjective on the first,
contrary, I think, to the analogy of accentuation, 494 ;
yet this is but a bungling way of supplying the want of
different words for different parts of speech. — See Sou't.
BOMBULATION, bum-b6-la-shun, s. Sound, noise.
BONAROBA, boina-r(>ba, s. A whore.
BONASUS, bo-na-sus, s. A kind of buffalo.
BONCHRETIEN, bon-kretitsheen, s. A species of
pear.
BOND, bind, s. Cords, or chains, with which any
one is bound ; ligament Uiat holds any thing together ;
union, connexion ; imprisonment, captivity ; cement of
union, cause of union ; a writing of obligation ; law by
which any one is obliged.
BONDAGE, bin-dage, s. 90. Captivity, imprison-
ment.
BONDMAID, bond-made, s. A woman slave.
BONDMAN, bond-man, «. 88. A man slave.
BONDSERVANT, b&nd-ser-vunt, s. A slave.
BONDSERVICE, bond-seY-v!s, s. slavery.
BONDSLAVE, bond-slave, *, A man in slavery.
BOO
58
BOR
559. File 73. fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — me 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 164»
BONDSMAN, bindz-min, t. 38. One bound for
another.
BONDWOMAN, bind'wum-fin, i. A woman slave.
BONE, bone, *. .The solid parts of the body of an
animal ; a fragment of meat, a bone with as much flesh
as adheres to it ; To make no bones, to make no scru-
ple; dice.
To BONE, bAne, v- a. To take out the bones from the
flesh.
BONEI.ACK, bone^lase, ». Flaxen lace.
BONELESS, bAne-lfc, adj. Without bones.
To BONESET, bAn-A£t, v. n. To restore a bone
out of joint, or join a bone broken.
BOVESETTER, bAne^selt-tir, ». One who makes a
practice of setting bones.
BONFIRE, bin-fire, j. A fire made for triumph.
55" Mr. Sheridan pronounces this word bnnefire; Dr.
Kenrick, Mr. Scott, Mr. Hem-, and W. Johnsiou. make
the first syllable rhyme with don ; and though in the first j
edition of this Dictionary I made it rhyme with fun, I ,
no-.v prefer the sound rhyming with don.
BONGRACE, bfin-gras, t. A coveting for the fore-
he-ad.
BONNET, b5ninlt, s. 99. A hat, a cap.
BONNETS, bcm-nlts, s. Small sails set on the
courses of the iv.izzcn, mainsail, and foresail.
BONNILY, bini-ne-1^, adv. Gayly, handsomely.
BoNNINESS, binini-n&, ». Gaiety, handsomeness.
BoNNY, b&nini, adj. Handsome, beautiful ; gay,
merry.
BONNY-CLABBER, bon-ni-klab^b&r, *. Sour
buttermilk.
BOSCM MAGNPM, bAin&m-migin&rn, t. A
great plum.
BONY, bi^-n^adj. Consisting of bones ; full of bones.
BOOBY, l>6oib£, s. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow.
BOOK, book, *. A volume in which we read or
write ; a particular part of a work ; the register in
which a trader keeps an account ; In books, iu kind re-
membrance ; Without book, by memory.
To BOOK, b56k, ii. a. To register in a book.
BOOK-KEEPING, bookik&p-ing, j. The art of
keeping accounts.
BOOKBINDER, bAokJ-bln-dfir, *. A man whose
profession it is to bind books.
BOOKFUL, book-ful, adj. Crowded with undigest-
ed knowledge. •
BOOKISH, bdok-lsh, adj. Given to books.
BOOKISHNESS, b65kMsh-n£s. «. Overstudiousness.
BOOK-LEARNED, booki.l<h-n-£d, adj. Versed in
books.
BOOK-LEARNING, book-tern-lng, s. Skill in liter-
ature ; acquaintance with books.
BOOKMAN, bocMcifnan, s. 88. A man whose pro-
fession is the study of books.
BOOKMATE, booki-mate, s. School-fellow.
BOOKSELLER, bo&k£s£l-l&r, s. A man whose pro-
fession it is to sell books.
BOOKWORM, b65k-wurm, s. A mite that eats
holes in books; a student too closelv fixed upon
books.
BOOM, boom, s. In sea language, a pole used to
spread out the clue of the studilTng sail ; a pole with
bushel or baskets, set vip as a mark to show the sailors
how to steer ; a bar laid across a harbour to keep out
the enemy.
To BOOM, boom, ». n. To rush with violence.
BOON, boon, «. A gift, a grant.
BOON, boon, adj. Gay, merry.
BOOR, b65r, .t. A lout, a clown.
BOORISH, boorish, adj. Clownish, rustick.
BOORISHLY, b66riish-l£, adv. After a clownish
manner.
BooRISHNESS, bSoriish-n&>, $. Coarseness of man- I
nets.
To BOOT, boot, v. a. To profit, to advantage ; t*
enrich, to benefit. •
BOOT, boot, *. Profit, gain, advantage ; To boot.
with advantage, over and above ; booty, or plunder.
BOOT, boot, *. A covering for the leg, used by
horsemen.
BOOT OF A COACH, bo5t, «. The place under th#
coach-box.
BOOT-HOSE, bootihAze, *. Stockings to serve f«r
boots.
BOOT-TREE, bo3t-tr&, *. Wood shaped like a leg.
to be driven into boots for stretching them.
BOOT-CATCHER, bootikitsh-ar, *. The person
whose bussiness at an inn is to pull off the boots of
passengers.
BOOTED, booted, adj. In boots.
BOOTH, booTH, *. A house built of boards or boughs.
BOOTLESS, b&dt-lls, adj. Useless, unavailing ;
without success.
BOOTY, bAoi-te, «. Plunder, pillage ; things gotten
by robbery ; To play booty, to lose by design.
BOPEEP, bA-peep,' *. To play Bopeep, is to look
out, and draw back as if frighted.
BORACHIO, bA-ra&shA, s. A drunkard.
BORABLE, bo^-ra-bl, adj. That may be bored.
BORAGE, b&riidje, *. 90. 1 65. A plant
BORAX, bA-riks, *. An artificial salt, prepared from
sal ammoniac, nitre, calcined tartar, sea salt, and
alum, dissolved in wine.
BoRDEL, boride'l, *. A brothel, a bawdy-house.
BORDER, borid&r, j. 98. The outer part or edge
of any thing ; the edge of a country ; the outer part of
a garment adorned with needle- work ; a bank raised
round a garden, and set with flowers.
To BORDER, bor-dfrr, v. n. To confine upon ; to
approach nearly to.
To BORDER, borid&r, v. a. To adorn with a
border ; to reach, to touch.
BORDERER, borid&r-ur, s. 555. He that dwell*
on the borders.
To BORE, bAre, v. a. To pierce in a hole.
To BORE, bAre, v. n. To make a hole ; to push
forwards to a certain point.
BORE, bAre, s. The hole made by boring ; the in-
strument with which a hole is bored : the size of any hole.
BORE, bAre, *. The preterit of Bear.
BOREAL, bA^ri-al, adj. Northern.
BOREAS, bo^re-is, s. The north wind.
BoREE, bA-ree^' 5. A itep in dancing.
BORN, born. Come into life.
BORNE, borne. Carried, supported.
jf5" Br- Johnson has made no distinction in the sneTl-
inij of the participle of to bear, to bring forth, and ot to
bear, to mpport: They undoubtedly biitn come from the
same common stock, out the necessities of men are na-
turally urging them to make distinctions in language,
when "there is a difference of idea ; and this has produced
the universally adopted difference between these two
words; the former rhvming with scorn, and the latter
with mourn. The same necessity which urged the ear to
the distinction of sound, induced the eye to adopt a dif-
ference in the spelling, and to ailmit of the final e in the
latter participle, and this procedure of custom arose
from an instinctive sense of utility : for without this <!;*-.
tinction in the spelling, nothing can be more puzzling
and disgraceful than the bungling method of distin-
guishing the same word by different sounds, according so
its different meaning. Therefore, though the final e in
borne does not necessarily give the o the first sound of
that letter heard in worn,' yet there is something analo-
gical in making the e a distinctive mark of that sound:
and as such a mark does not in the least endanger e'y-
mology, but prevents confusion in the pronunciation, it
certainly ought to be adopted. To reduce the sound of
born, supported, toborn, brought forth, would be imprac-
ticable, and detrimental to precision ; to let these diffe-
rent sounds be both signified by the same letters, would
oo to perpetuate perplexity ; no better way, therefore,
remains than to spell them differently — See the woitlj
Jiuwl and form.
BOU
59
BOW
167, not 1 63-— tube 171, tfib 172, bull 173 — oil 299— rofind 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
I BOUGH, buu, s. S 1 3. An arm or a large shoot of a
BOROUGH, b&Kro, s. ' A town with a corporation.
To BORROW, bor-ro, v. a. To take something from
another upon credit : to ask of another the use of some-
thing for a time ; to use as one's own, though not be-
longing to one.
BORROWER, b&riro-ur, s. He that borrows ; he
that takes what is another's.
BOSCAGE, bos-kaje, i. 90. Wood, or woodlands.
BOSKY, l>osik£, adj. Woody.
BOSOM, bio-zfim, s. The breast, the heart ; the in-
nermost part of an enclosure; the folds of the dress
that cover the breast; the tender affections; inclina-
tion, desire; in composition, implies intimaey, eonfi-
dence, fomlness, as, my bosom friend.
j£5* This word is pronounced four ways, Bozum, Su»-
sum, and Bootutn, the oo like u in ItvU ; and biiozom, as
ou in bouse. Sheridan and Scott adopt the third sound ;
Perry seems to mark the fourth; Dr. Kcnrick has the
second and fourth, but seems to prefer the former; and
W. Johnston has the second ; and that is, in my opinion,
the most general : but the stage seems to have adopted
the fourth sound, which has given it a currency among
p >lite speakers, and makes it the most fashionable. Mr.
Elphinston, a nice oleerver, as well as a deep investigator,
announces the second, but tells us that the third was the
original pronunciation.
To BOSOM, b66-zum, v. a. To enclose in the bo-
som ; to conceal in privacy.
BOSON, bo^sn, *. 170. 103. Corrupted from Boat-
swain, which see.
BOSS, b5s, *. A stud ; the part rising in the midst
of any thing; a thick body of any kind.
BOSSAGE, bos'saje, s. 90. Any stone that has a
projecture.
BOSVEL, b&z-v£l, j. 448. A species of crowfoot.
BOTANICAL, bo tinie-k.il,} .
u v *\ > 11 C °d)- Relating to herbs,
BOTANICK, bo-taninlk, 3
skilled in herbs.
BOTANIST, botii-nlst, s. 503. b. 543. One skill-
ed in plants.
BoTANOLOGY, bot-in-61io-j£, s. 518. A discourse
upon plants.
BOTCH, botsll, s. 352. A swelling, or eruptive dis-
coloration of the skin ; a part in any work ill finish-
ed; an adventitious part clumsily added.
To BOTCH, b5tsh, t>. a. To mend or patch clothe*
clumsily; to put together unsuitably, or unskilfully;
to mark with botches.
BOTCHY, bot-tshe, adj. Marked with botches.
BOTH, b<V/f, adj. 467. The two.
BOTH, b6(/(, coiij. As well.
BOTS, bits, s. Small worms in the entrails of
horses.
BOTTLE, b&t-tl, s. 4O5. A small vessel of glass,
or other matter; a quantity of wine usually put into
a bottle, a quart ; a quantity of hay or grass bundled
up.
To flOTTLE, bot'-tl, v. a. To enclose in bottles.
BOTTLKFLOWER, bot-tl-flou-ur, s. A plant
BoTTI.ESCREW, botitl-skroo, s. A screw to pull
out the cork.
BOTTOM, bit-turn, $. 166. The lowest part of
any thing ; the ground under the water ; the founda-
tion, the ground-work ; a dale, a valley ; the deepest
part ; bound, limit; the utmost of any man's capacity ;
the last re-ort ; a vessel for navigation ; a chance, or se-
curity ; a ball of thread wound up together.
To BOTTOM, bot-tum, v. a. To build up, to fix
upon as a support; to wind upon something.
To BOTTOM, b&t-tum, v. n. To rest upon as its
support.
BOTTOMED, b&titumd, adj. 359. Having a bot-
tom.
BOTTOMLESS, botAum-lds, adj. Without a bot-
tom, fa' hornless.
BoTTOMKY, bot-tum-n*, s. The act of borrowing
money on a ship's bottom.
BoUD, boud, s. An insect which breeds in malt
To BOUGE, boodje, v. n. 315. To swell out.
BOUGHT, bawt, 3 I 9. pret of To Buy.
To BOUNCE, bouiist1, v. n. To fall or fly against
any thing with great force ; to make a sudden leap ; to
boast, to bully.
BOUNCE, bounse, *. A strong sudden blow; a
sudden crack or nri-*: a boast, a threat.
BOUNCER, boun-sur, s. A boaster, a bully, an
empty threntener; a liar.
BOUND, bound, s. 313. A limit, a boundary ; a
limit by which any excursion is restrained; a leap, a
jump, a spring; a rebound.
To BOUND, bound, v. a. To limit, to terminate,
to restrain, to confine ; to make to bound.
To BOUND, bound, v. n. To jump, to spring ; to
rebound, to fly back.
BOUND, bound, part. pass, of Bind.
BOUND, bound, adj. Destined, intending to come
to any place.
BOUNDARY, bounida-rtl, s. Limit, bound.
BOUNDEN, boun-d£n, part pass, of Bind.
BOUNDING STONE, boun-ding-stone,
BOUND STONE, bound-stone,
stone to play with.
BOUNDLESSNESS, bound'l£s-n£s, s. Exemption
from limits.
BOUNDLESS, bound-l&, adj. Unlimited, uncon-
fined.
BOUNTEOUS, buui&che -us, adj. 263. Liberal,
kind, generous.
BOUNTEOUSLY, boun-tche-us-1^, adv. Liberally,
generously.
BOUNTEOUSNESS, boun-tche-US-n&, s. Munifi-
cence, liberality.
BOUNTIFUL, bdun£t£-ful, adj. Literal, generous,
munificent.
BOUNTIFULLY, bounite-ful-lt*. adv. Liberally.
BOUNTIFULNESS, boun-t^-lui-n£s, * The quality
of being bountiful, generosity
BOUNTIHEAD, boun-t^-h^d,
BOUNTYHOOD, boun^-hud
tue.
BOUNTY, bofinit**, *. Generosity, liberality, muni-
ficence.
To BOURGEON, bfirij&n, v. n. 313 259. T»
sprout, to shoot into branches.
BOURN, borne, s. Abound, a limit; a brook, a
torrent.
ft^- I have differed from Mr. Sheridan and Dr. K»n-
rick in the pronunciation of this word. They make it
sound as if written boarn ; but if my memory fail me not,
it is a rhyme to mourn, upon the stage ; and Mr. Garrick
so pronounced it.
•• That undisooverM country, from whose hourn
" No traveller relurr.s." Sluikrtpeare'i HamM.
I am fortified in this pronunciation by the suffrages of
Mr. Elphinston, Mr Nares, and Mr. Smith.
To BOUSE, booze, v. n. To drink lavishry.
BOUSY, boo-ze, adj. Drunken.
BOUT, bout, s. A turn, as much of an action as ii
performed at one time.
To Bow, bou, v. a. To bend, or inflect ; to bend
the body in token of resptct or submission; to bend,
or incline, in condescension; to depress, tocrn h.
To Bow, bou, v. n To bend, to suffer flexure ; to
make a reverence; to stoop; to sink under pressure.
Bow, bou, s. An act of reverence or submission.
liOW, bo, 5. An instrument of war ; a rainbow ; the
instrument with which string-instruments are pl:r,cd
upon , the doubling of a siring in a slip knot : How of
a ship, that part ot her which begins at the loof, and
enils at the sternmost part of the torccastlu.
To Bow, bo, f. a. To bend sideways.
Jt5" \Vhile some words arc narrowing anil contracting
their original signification, others are dividing and sub-
dividing into a thousand different acceptations. The
verb to bow rhyming with cote might originally signify
BOW
60
BRA
5.09. Fate 75, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 -rn£ 93, mSt 35— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mote 164,
he Greek language had a written accent to distinguish
such words as were pronounced differently to signify dif •
erent things, and tliis is equivalent to a different spel-
ing ; and though the Latin word lego signified either to
read or to tend, according to the quantity with which the
irst syllable was pronounced, it was certainly- an imper
ectioh in that language which ought not to be imitated.
Ideas, and combinations of ideas, will always be more nu-
merous than words ; and therefore the same word will
often stand for very different ideas: but altering the
sound of a word, without altering the spelling, is term-
ing an unwritten language.
To BOWL, b61e, v. a. To play at bowls ; to throw
bowls at anv thing.
BOWLER, bcWur, *. He that plays at bowls.
BOWLINE, boa-fin, s. A rope fastened to the mid-
dle part of the outside of a sail.
BOWLING-GREEN, b&Ang-grUn. *. A level piece
of ground, kept smooth for bowlers.
BOWMAN, bowman, s. 88. An archer.
BOWSPRIT, bowsprit, s Boltsprit ; which see.
BOWSTRING, bo-string, s. The string by which the
bow is kept bent.
Bow -WINDOW, bo-winido, s.
__ • Dr. Johnson derives this word, and, perhaps,
justly, from Bay-window, or a window forming a bay in
the inner part of the room ; but present custom has uni
versally agreed to call these windows bow-windoics, from
the curve, like a bow, which they form by jutting out-
wards. However original and just, therefore, Dr. John-
son's derivation may be, there is little hope of a confor-
mity to it, either in writing or pronunciation, while there
is apparently so good an etymology', both for sense and
sound, to support the present practice.— See To Jioto
BowYER, bo-yiir, t. 98. An archer ; one whose
trade is to make bows.
Box, boks, s. A tree ; the wood of it.
Box, boks, s. A case made of wood, or other mat-
ter, to hold any thing ; the case of the mariner's com-
pass ; the chest into which money given is put ; seat in
the play-house.
To Box, b&ks, v. a. To enclose in a box.
Box, boks, *. A blow on the head given with the
hand.
To Box, boks, v. n. To fight with the fist.
BOXEN, bokisn, adj. 103. Made of box, resem-
bling box.
BOXER, boksi&r, «. A man who fights with his fists.
BOY, bo^, s. 482. A male child, not a girl ; one
in the state of adolescence, older than an infant ; a
word of contempt for young men.
BOYHOOD, boe-hud, *. The state of a boy.
BOYISH, boe-lsh, adj. Belonging to a boy j child-
ish, trifling.
BOYISHLY, boe-ish-le, adv. Childishly, triflinglr.
BOYISHNESS, boeiish-n£s, *. Childishness, trifling-
ness.
BoYISM, bo£Mzm, *. Puerility, childishness.
BRABBLE, brab-bl, s. 405. A clamorous contest,
To BRABBLE, brab-bl, v. n. To contest noisily.
BRABBLER, brab-lur, s. A clamorous noisy fel-
low.
To BRACE, brase, v. a. To bind, to tie close with
bandages ; to strain up.
BRACE, brase, s. Cincture, bandage ; that which
holds any thing tight; Braces of a coach, thick straps
of leather on which it hangs; Braces in printing, a
crooked line enclosing a passage, as in a triplet ; ten-
sion, tightness.
BRACE, brase, s. A pair, a couple.
BRACELET, brasci-l^t, s. An ornament for the arms.
Jt.7/- I have, in the pronunciation of this word, made
the a long and slender, as iu brace, as I find it in Dr.
Kcnrick, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Scott; and
not short .is in brass, as Mr. Sheridan has marked it; arid
which, I believe, is the prevailing pronunciation in Ire-
land : for though many compounds shorten the vowel in
the simple, as is shown at large in the Principles of Pro-
nunciation, 5o8. 515 ; yet I think such words are excep-
tions as are only diminutives, plurals and feminine*.—
See PutroruJt.
flexure every way, ann so serve for that action which
made any thing crooked, let its direction be what it
would ; but it appears certain, that at present it only
means that flexure which is vertical, and which may be
called a botrinff rlotrn, but is by no means so applicable to
that flexure which is sideways or horizontal, and for
which, necessity seems insensibly to have brought the
verb I have Inserted into use. This verb seems accom-
panied by the word oiU as the other is by down, and we
inav say such a thing boirs down, but another thing bout
out', or swells sid. wa\s : the first verb is pronounced so as
to rhvme with cow.'nov, &c. and the last with go, no,
&c. ^1 ilton seems to have used the word with this sound,
where in his Penteroso he says—
•• And love the hiph rmbtnrtd roof,
" \Viih antique pillar*' massy proof."
But as nothing can tend more to the ambiguity of Ian"
Btiape than to have words spelled in the same manner
sounded differently in order to distinguish their meaning
bv their pronunciation, 1 would humbly advise to s|>eil
the word bow (to shoot with), and the verb to low (to
bend sideways), with the final t ; this slight addition will
relieve a reader from the embarrassment he is under at
first sight, where he is not thoroughly acquainted with
the circumstances of a relation, and docs not know how
to pronounce the word till he has read the context. For
the propriety of this additional e, see the words Bon I,
B rne, and form.
I cannot refrain from quoting Mr. Nares on this word,
as his opinion has great .authority : — " A bow for arrows,
•• and to bow, when it signifies merely to bend any
" thins, have ow like o long. This distinction i believe
" to he right, though our great Lexicographer has not
" noticed it. He gives to bow, in every sense, the regu-
" !ar sound of ow, (that is, rhyming with cow}. But of
" this instance the first and fourth appear to be errone-
" ous; the third is doubtful; and in the second, the
" word is used to express an inclination of the body, but
" metaphorically applied, to trees. See the four instan-
" ces from Shakespeare, Dryden, and Locke, under To
" bow. v. a. No. I."
A want of attending to the different ideas the word bow
conveys, as it is ilifTerently sounded, has occasioned the
inconsistent sea-terms: the bow of a ship rhyminp with
coir ; and an anchor, called the best bower, rhyming with
hour ; and bow, in the word bowsprit, rhyming with go,
no, &c.
Bow -BENT, bi^b^nt, adj. Crooked.
BOW-HAND, b&haml, s. The hand that draws the
bow.
Bow-LEGGED. IxWSgd, adj. 359. Having crooked
legs.
BOWELS, boiWlz, s. Intestines, the vessel* and or-
gans within the body; the inner parts of any thing;
temlerness, pom (Mission.
BOWER, bou-Cir, s. 98. An arbour ; it seems to
signify, in Spenser, a blow, a stroke.
BOWER, boB-fir, s. An anchor so called.
BOWERY, l>6uifir-r£, adj. Full of bowers.
BOWL, bole, «. A vessel to hold liquids ; the hol-
low pan of any thing; a basin, a fountain — See the
next word.
BOWL, bole, s. A round mass rolled along the ground
K5" Many respectable speakers pronounce this word
so as to rhyme with howl, the noise made by a dog. Dr.
Johnson, Sir. Clphinston, and Mr. Perry, declare for it;
but Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenriek, and Mr.
Smith, pronounce it as the vessel to hold liquor, rhym-
ing with halt. I remember having been corrected by
Mr Garrick for pronouncing it like howl; and am upon
the whole of opinion, that pronouncing it as I have
marked it Is the preferable mode, though the least analo-
gical. But as the vessel has indisputably this sound, it
is rendering the language still more irregular to give the
ball a different one. The inconvenience of this irregu-
larity is oftc.n perceived in the word bow ; to have the
same word signify different things, is the fate of all lan-
guages; but pronouncing the same word differently to
signify different things, is multiplying difficulties without
necessity ; for though it may be alleged, that a different
pronunciation of the same 'word to signify a ditterenl
thing, is in some measure remedying the poverty anc
mbiguity of language, it may be answered, that it is in
reality increasing the ambiguity by setting the eye anr
ear at variance, and obliging the reader to understand
Oie context before he can pronounce the word. It ma\
be urged, that llie Greek and Latin languages had these
ambiguities in words which were only distinguixhable b\
their quantity or accent. Dut it is highly probable that
BRA 61 BRA
ivir 167, not 163 — tfibe 171, tfib 172, bfill 173— oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 TH:s 469.
BRACER, braisfir, s. 98. A cincture, a bandage.
BHACH, bratsh, s- 252. A bitch hound.
BllACHIAL, brikiyal, adj. 353. Belonging to the
arm.
BRACIIYGRAPHY, bra-klgigra-fU, *. 353. The
art or practice of writing in a short compass.
BRACK, brak, s. A breach.
BRACKET, brak-klt, s. 99. A piece of wood fixed
for the support of something.
BRACKISH, brik-lsh, adj. Salt, something salt.
BitACKrSHNESS, brak-lsh-n&i, s. Saltness.
BRAD, brad. s. A sort of nail to floor rooms with.
To BRAG, brag, v. n. To boast, to display osten-
To BRAND, brand, v. a. To mark with a note of
infamy.
BRANDGOOSE, brand'goos, «. A kind of wild fowl.
To BRANDISH, brandish, v. a. To wave or
shake; to play with, to flourish.
BRANDLING, braml-ling, s. A jarticular worm.
BRANDY, bran-dc, s. A strong liquor distilled from
wine.
BRANGLE, brang-gl, s. 405. Squabble, wrangle.
To BRANGLE, brangigl, v. n. 405. To wrangla
to squabble.
BRANK, brangk, s. Buckwheat.
BRANNY, bran-n^, adj. Having the appearance of
bran.
BRASIER, bra-zhur, ,?. 283. A manufacturer that
a pan to hold coals.
A boast ; a proud expression ; the
thing boasted. I „ _• ~ • — \- ",— ,-;; —
BRAGGADOCIO, brag-ga-doishd 6, s. A puffing, BRASIL, or BRAZIL, bra-ze^l,' s. An American
„„,..:„„ fiiinw wood, commonly supposed to have been thus denomi-
IJM,IM IIIL \VfmrW* »>ofrw4 Vtuni.icu /!»-of Kt ,xi i nVt * *'-.-. m I >„.,... I
A boaster.
ug fello
BRAGG ART, brig^girt, adj. 88. Boastful, vamly
ostentatious.
BRAGGART, brag-gait, s. 7
BRAGGER, brag-g&r, s. 98. \
BRAGLESS, brug-l£s, adj. Without a boast.
BRAGI.Y, brigMe1, adv. Finely.
To BRAID, brade, v. a. To weave together.
BRAID, brade, s. A texture, a knot.
BRAILS, bralz, s. Small ropes reeved through blocks.
BRAIN, brine, s. That collection of vessels and or-
pans in the head, from Which sense aud motion arise;
the understanding.
To BRAIN, brane, V. a. To kill by beating out the
brain.
BRAINISH, brane-lsh, adj. Hot-headed, furious.
BRAINLESS, braneil£s, adj. Silly.
BRAINPAN, brane'pan, s. The skull containing the
brains.
BRAINSICK, brane-slk, adj. Addleheaded, giddy.
BRAINSICKLY, braneislk-l£, adv. Weakly, hcadily.
BRAINSICKNESS, brane-slk-n^s, s. Indiscretion,
giddiness.
BRAKE, brake. The preterite of Break.
BRAKE, brake, s. Fern, brambles.
BRAKE, brake, s. An instrument for dressing hemp
or flax,; the handle of a ship's pump; a baker's knead-
mg trough.
BRAKY, bra-k£, adj. Thorny, prickly, rough.
BRAMBLE, bram-bl, s. 405. Blackberry bush,
dewberry bush, raspberry bush; any rough prickly
shrub.
BRAMBLING, bram^bllng, s. A bird, called also
the mountain chaffinch.
BRAN, bran, s. The husks of corn ground.
BRANCH, bransh, s. 352. 78. The shoot of a tree
from one of the main boughs; any distant article ; any
part that shoots out from the rest ; a smaller river run-
ning into a larger ; any part of a family descending in
a collateral line; the offspring, the descendant; the
antlers or shoots of a stag's horn.
To BRANCH, bransh, IT. n. To spread in branches ;
to spread in separate parts; to speak diffusively; to
have horns shooting out.
To BRANCH, bransh, v. a. To divide as into
branches; to adorn with needlework.
BRANCHFJI, bran-shur, s. One that shoots out in-
to branches ; in falconry, a young hawk.
BRANCHINESS, braii-sh^-nes, s. Fulness of bran-
ches.
BRANCHLESS, branshy£s, adj. Without shoots or
boughs ; naked.
BRANCHY, brin-shd, adj. Full of branches, spread-
ing.
BRAND, brand, *. A stick lighted, or fit to be
lighted ; a sword ; a thunderbolt ; a mark made by
burning with a hot iron.
nated, because first biought from Brasil.
BRASS, bris, s. A yellow metal, made by mixing
copper with lapis calaminaris; impudence.
BliASSlNESS, bris-se-nfis, s. An appearance like
brass.
BRASSY, bras^, adj. Partaking of brass ; hard at
brass; impudent.
BllAT, brat, s. A child, so called in contempt ; the
progeny, the offspring.
BRAVADO, bra-va-do, *. A boast, a brag. — See
Lumbago.
BRAVE, brave, adj. Courageous, daring, bold ;
gallant, having a noble mien; magnificent, grand ; ex-
cellent, noble.
BRAVE, bravf , s. A hector, a man daring beyond
prudence or fitness ; a boast, a challenge
To BKAVE, brave, v. a. To defy, to challenge ; to
carry a boasting appearance.
BRAVELY, brave-le, adv. In a brave manner, cour-
ageously, gallantly.
BRAVERY, bra-vur-ri, s. 555. Courage, magna-
nimity; splendour, magnificence; show, ostentation;
bravado, boast.
BRAVO, brav-v6, s. Spanish. A man who murders
for hire.
To BRAWL, briwl, v. n. To quarrel noisily and
indecently ; to speak loud and indecently ; to make
a noise.
BRAWL, brawl, s. Quarrel, noise, scurrility.
BRAWLER, braw-l&r, S. A wrangler.
BRAWN, brawn, s. The fleshy or mus'culous part of
the body ; the arm, so called 'from its being muscu-
lous ; bulk, muscular strength ; the flesh of a boar ;
a boar.
BRAWNER, braw^n&r, s. A boar killed for the
table.
BRAWNINESS, brSw£n6-n£s, s. Strength, hardness.
BRAWNY, braw-ne, adj. Musculous, fleshy, bulky.
To BRAY, bra, v. a. To pound, or grind small.
To BRAY, bra, v. n. To make a noise as an OM ;
to make an offensive noise.
BRAY, bra, s. Noise, sound.
BRAYER, bra^&r, s. One that brays like an ass ;
with pi inters, an instrument to temper the ink.
To BRAZE, braze, v. a. To solder with brass ; to
harden to impudence.
BRAZEN, bri-zn, adj. 1O3. Made of brass ; pro-
ceeding from brass; impudent.
To BRAZEN, braizn, v. n. To be impudent, to
bully.
BRAZENFACE, braizn-fase, s. An impudent
wretch.
BRAZENFACED, braizn-faste, adj. 359. Impu-
dent, shameless.
BRAZENNESS, bra-zn-n£s, *. Appearance like
brass, impudence.
., brazi.-y&r, s. 283. — See Itrasier.
N
BRE
62
BRE
559. Fate 73, fir 77, f&ll 83, fltSl — rr.£ 93, m£l 95— pine 105, pin 107— n A 162, move 164,
BREACH, br&ksh, s. The act of breaking any thing ;
the state of being broken ; a gap in a fortification made
by a battery ; the violation of a law or contract ; differ-
ence, quarrel ; infraction, injury.
BREAD, br£d, *• Food made of ground corn ; food
in general ; support of life at large.
BKEAD-CHIPPEII, br£d-tshlp-&r, s. A ba '« ser-
vant.
BREAD-CORN, brSdikorn, J. Corn of whicTThread
is made.
BREADTH, br&i/A, *. The measure of any plain
superficies from side to side.
To BREAK, brake, v. a. 240. 242. To burst, or
open by force; to divide; to destroy by violence ; to o-
vercome, to surmount; to batter, to make breaches or
gaps in ; to crush or destroy the strength of the body ;
to sink or appal the spirit; to subdue ; to crush, to dis-
able, to incapacitate ; to weaken the mind ; to tame,
to train to obedience; to make bankrupt; to crack the
skin; to violate a contractor promise; to infringe a
law ; to intercept, to hinder the eflect of ; to interrupt ;
to separate company ; to dissolve any union ; to open
something new ; To break the back, to disable one'i
fortune ; To break ground, toopen trenches ; To break
the heart, to destroy with grief; To break the neck, to
lux, or put out the neck joints ; To break off, to put a
sudden stop; To break off, to dissolve; To break up,
to separate or disband ; To break upon the wheel, to
punish by stretching a criminal upon the wheel, and
breaking his bones with bats j To break wind, to give
vent to wind in the body.
To BREAK, brake, v. n. To part in two; to burst
by dashing, as waves on a rock ; to open and discharge
matter ; to open as the morning ; to burst forth, to ex-
claim ; to become bankrupt ; to decline in health and
strength; to make way with some kind of suddenness
to come to an explanation ; to fall out, to be friends
no longer ; to discard ; to break from, to separate from
with some vehemence; to break in, to enter unexpect-
edly ; to break loose, to escape from captivity ; to break
off, to desist suddenly ; To break off from, to part from
•with violence; To break out, to discover itself in sud-
den effects ; To break out, to have eruptions from the
body; To break out, to become dissolute; To break
up, to cease, to intermit ; To break up, to dissolve it-
self; To break up, to begin holidays; To break with,
to part friendship with any.
BREAK, brake, s. State of being broken, opening ;
a pause, an interruption ; a line drawn, noting that the
sense is suspended.
BREAKER, bra-k&r, ». He that breaks any thing ;
a wave broken by rocks or sand banks.
To BREAKFAST, br£k-fast, v. n. 234. 515. To
eat the first meal in the day.
BREAKFAST, br£k-fast, '«. 88. The first meal in
the day ; the thing eaten at the first meal ; a meal in
general.
BREAKNECK, brakeinek, j. A steep place endan-
gering the neck.
BREAKPROMISE, brakeiprom-ls, s. One that
makes a practice of breaking his promise.
BREAM, breme, A. The name of a fish.
BREAST, br£st, ». The middle part of the human
body, between the neck and the belly; the dugs or
teats rf *-pmen which contain the milk ; the part of a
beast that is under the neck, between the fore-legs ; the
heart; the conscience; the passions.
To BREAST, brest, v. a. To meet in front
BREASTBONE, br&>t4>6ne, *. The bone of the
breast, the sternum.
BREASTHIGH, br£st'hl, adj. Up to the breast,
BREASTHOOKS, brest-hOoks, s. With shipwrights,
the compassing timbers before, that help to strengthen
the stem and all the fore part of the ship.
BREASTKNOT, brestinot, s. A knot or bunch of
' ribands worn by a woman on the breast.
BREASTPLATE, br&tiplatt, s. Armour for the
breast.
BftEASTPLOUGH, br&stiplou, t. A plough used for
paring turf, driven by the brea.;t
BREASTWORK, bresttw&rk, «. Works thrown up
as high as the breast of the defendants.
BRKATH, bit*, j. 437. The air drawn in and e-
jcctedoutof the body; life; respiration; respite, pause,
relaxation; breeze, moving air; a single act; an in-
stant.
To BREATHE, breTHe, v. n. 437. To draw in
and throw out the air by the lungs; to live ; to rest ;
to take breath; to inject by breathing; to eject by
breathing; to exercise; to move or actuate by breal h ;
to utter privately ; to give air or vent to. In" surgery,
to open by a lancet, as, " To breathe a vein ." Dryden.
BREATHER, bni-THur, s. One that breathes or
lives.
BREATHING, br&THlng, s. Aspiration, secret pray-
er; breathing place, vent.
BREATHLESS, br&/<-l£s, adj. Out of breath, spent
with labour; dead.
BRED, br£d. Part. pass, from To Breed.
BREDE, br<kle, s — See Braid.
BREECH, bre&sh, s. 247. The lower part of thfi
body; breeches; the hinder part of a piece cf ord-
nance.
To BREECH, br&tsh, v. a. 247. To put inta
breeches ; to fit any thing with a breech, as, to breech
a gun.
BREECHES, britch'lz, s. 247. 99. The garment
worn by men over the lower part of the body ; to wear
the breeches, is, in a wife, to usurp the authority of the
husband.
To BREED, br££d, v. a. To procreate, to generate ;
to occasion, to cause, to produce: to contrive, to
hatch, to plot; to produce from one's self ; to give birth
to; to educate, to qualify by education ; to bring up,
to take care of.
To BREED, br^d, v. n. To bring young ; to in-
crease by new production; to be produced, to have
birth ; to raise a breed.
BREED, br^d, *. A cast, a kind, a subdivision of
species; progeny, offspring; a number produced at
once, a hatch.
BREEDBATE, br&d-bate, s. One that breeds quar-
rels.
BREEDER, br&idfir, s. 98. That which produce*
any thing; the person who brings up another; a fe-
n ale that is prolifick ; one that takes care to raise a
breed.
BREEDING, breeding, *. Education, instruction ^
qualifications; manners, knowledge f?f ceremony ; uur
ture.
BREESE, brWz, j. A stinging fly.
BREEZE, br&z, «. A gentle gale.
BREEZY, bre«£z£, adj. Fanned with gales.
BRET, br£t, s. A fish of the turbot kind.
BRETHREN, br£rHir£n, s. Plural of Brother.
BREVET, br£-v£t/ *. In the army, rank above the
specific appointment for which pay is received.
BREVIARY, brevtiya-r£, s. 5O7. An abridgment
an epitome ; the book containing the daily service of
the church of Rome,
Jt5" A" our orthoepists but Mr. Perry pronounce the
first syllable of this word long ; but if authority were si- .
lent, analogy would decide for the pronunciation 1 have
given, 534.
BREVIAT, breveiyat, s. 113. A short compen-
dium.
BRKVIATURE, brevt-yi-tshire, s. 465. 1 IS. An
abbreviation.
BREVITY, br£v'e-t£, * 511. Conciseness, short-
ness.
To BREW, broo, v. a. 339. To make liquors by
mixing several ingredients; to prepare by mixing
things together; to contrive, to plot.
To BllEW, broo, v. n. To perform the office of a
brewer.
BRE<V AGE, bro&idje, s. 90. Mixture of various
things.
BIU:\VKR, bro5iur, s. A man whose profession it is
to make beer.
BREWERY, bro6-^-r£, s. The place appropriated to
brewing ale, &c.
BREWHOUSE, br66iho&s. $. A house appropriate*
to brewing
BRI
63
BRI
nor 1C7, nit 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — tli'in 466 — THIS 460
very prone, as falentinr, Cymbeline, lac. are heard on th»
time'n, 7
i, , i , J- s. The attendant
ide-madz, }
BREWING, broo-Ing, s. 410. Quantity of liquor
brewed.
BllEWIS. broo-ls, s. A piece of bread soaked in
boiling fat pottage, made of salted meat.
BRIEF., bribe, s. A reward given to pervert the
judgment.
To 1?R[BE, bribe, t>. a. To give bribes.
BRIBER, bri-bur, s. 98. One that pays for corrupt
practices.
BRIBERY, bri-bur-n*. s. 555. The crime of giving
or taking rewards for bad practices.
BRICK, brlk, s. A mass of burnt clay ; a loaf shap-
ed like a brick.
To BRICK, brlk, v. a. To lay with biicks.
BRICKBAT, brlk-bat, s. A piece of brick.
BRICKCLAY, brik'kla, s. Clay used for making
bricks.
BllICKDUST, brikidust, ». Dust made by pound.
ing bricks.
BRICK-KILN, brik-kll, s. A kiln, a place to burn
bricks in.
BRICKLAYER, brlk-la-ur, s. A brick mason.
BllICKMAKER, brlk-ma kur, s. One whose trade it
is to make bricks.
BRIDAL, bri-dal, adj. Belonging to a wedding, nup-
tial.
BRIDE, bride, s. A woman newly married.
BlUDEBED, bridi'-b£d, s. Marriage bed.
BRIDECAKE, bridtMtake, s. A cake distributed to
the guests at a wedding.
BRIDEGROOM, bridtigroSm, 3. A new-married
man.
BRIDEMEN, bridtime'n,
. i,
BillEDMAiDSt brid
on the bride and bridegroom.
BRIDESTAKE, bridt'istake, *. A post set in the
ground to dance round.
BRIDEWELL, brlde-w£l, s. A house of correction.
BRIDGE, bridje, s. A building raised over water
for the convenience of passage ; (he upper part of the
nose ; the supporter of the strings in stringed instru-
ments of music'k.
To BRIDGE, bridje, v. a. To raise a bridge over
any place.
BRIDLE, brUdl, s. 405. The headstall and reins by
which a horse is restrained and governed ; a restraint,
a curb, a check.
To. BRIDLE, bri-dl, v. a. To guide by a bridle ;
to restrain, to govern.
To BRIDLE, br&ll, v. n. To hold up the head.
BRIDLEHAND bri-dl-liand, s. The hand which
holds the bridle jn riding.
BRIEF, breef, adj. Short, concis* ; contracted, nar-
row.
BRIEF, bre^f, s. A short extract, or epitome ; the
writing given the pleaders, containing the ease; letters
patent, giving license to a charitable collection ; i
musick, a measure of quantity, which contains tw
strokes down in beating time, and as many up.
BRIEFLY, bret^f-le, adv. Concisely, in a few words.
BRIKINESS, br(^ef-nes, s. Conciseness, shortness.
BRIER, brl-ur, s. 98. 418. A plant.
BRIERY, bri-ur-ni, adj. 555. Rough, full of briers
BRIG, brig, s. A light vessel with two masts.
BRIGADE, bre-gadi',' s. 117. A division of forces
a body of men.
BRIGADIER GENERAL, bng-a-d^er-i^n-u-ral, s.
27i. An officer next in order below a major-general.
BIUGANUINE, brlg-ln-dlne, 150. >
BRIGANTINE, brig4n-tlne, \ s' A g
vessel, such as has bi'en formerly used by corsairs o
pirates ; a coat of mail.
R5" All our ortlioepists sound the last i in this WOK
long; and yet my memory fails me if the stage does no
pronounce it short ; a pronunciation to which the stage i
stage as if written Valentin, Cymbdin, \e.
, scarce three years are past,
Duke,
" When in your Manmtu
" The Adriatic wedded uy
" And 1 was with you." Venice Presented.
BRIGHT, brlte, adj. Shining, glittering, full of
light; clear, evident; illustrious, as, a bright reign |
witty, acute, as, a bright genius.
To BRIGHTEN, brKtn, v. a. 103. To make bright,
to make to shine; to make luminous by light from
without; to make gay, or alert; to make illustrious j
to make acute.
To BRIGHTEN, bri-tn, v. n. To grow bright, to
clear up.
BRIGHTLY, brltr-1^, adv. Splendidly, with lustre.
BRIGHTNESS, brite-n^s, s. Lustre, splendour; a*
outeness.
BRILLIANCY, bnl-yan-se, *. Lustre, splendour.
BRILLIANT, bril-yant, adj. 1 13. Shining, spark-
ling.
BRILLIANT, bril-yant, s. A diamond of the finest
cut.
BRILLIANTNESS, brll-yant-n&s, $. Splendour, lus-
tre.
BllIM, brim, s. The edge of any thing ; the upper
edge of any vessel ; the top of any liquor; the bank of
a fountain.
To BRIM, brim, v. a. To fill to the top.
To BRIM, brim, v. n. To be full to the brim.
BRIMFUL, brlm-ful, adj. Full to the top.
BRIMFULNESS, brim-ful-n£s, s. Fulness to the
top.
BRIMMER, brlm-mur, s. A bowl full to the top.
BRIMSTONE, brim-stone, s. Sulphur.
BRIMSTONY, bsim-sto-ne, adj. Full of brimstone.
BRINDED, brln-d£d, adj. Streaked, tabby.
BRINDLE, brln-dl, s. 405. 359. The state of be-
ing brinded.
BRINDLED, brin-dld, adj. 405. Brinded, streaked.
BllINE, brine, s. Water impregnated with salt, the
sea; tears.
BRINEPIT, brine-pit, s. Pit of salt water.
To BRING, bring, v. a. 408. 409. To fetch from
another place; to convey in one's own hand, not to
send ; to cause to come; to attract, to draw along ; to
put into any particular state ; to conduct; to induce,
to prevail upon ; To bring about, to bring to pass, to
effect; To bring forth, to give birth to, to produce; To
bring in, to reclaim ; To bring in, to afford gain; To
bring off, toclear, to procure to beaeqnitted ; To bring
on, to engage in action ; To bring over, to draw to a
new party ; To bring out, to exhibit, to show ; To
bring under, to subdue, to repress; To bring up, to
educate, to instruct ; To bring up, to bring into prac-
tice.
BlUNGER, brlngiur, s. 409. The person that
brings any Ihing.
BRINISH, bri-nlsh, adj. Having the taste of brine,
salt.
BRINISHNESS, brl-nlsh-nls, s. Saltness.
BRINK, brlngk, s. The edge of any place, as of a
precipice or a river.
BRINY, brUne, adj. Salt.
BRISK, brisk, adj. Lively, vivacious, gay ; power-
ful, spirituous; vivid, bright.
BRISKET, bris-klt, s. 99. The breast of an animal.
BRISKLY, brlsk-l£, adv. Actively, vigorously.
BRISKNESS, bmk-n&, s. Liveliness, vigour.-quick-
ness ; gaiety.
BRITTLE, brls-sl, s. 405. 472. The stiff hair of
swine.
To BRISTLE, brls-sl, v. a. To erect in bristles.
To BRIS'TLE, brisks], v. n. To stand erect at
bristles.
BRISTLY, brlb-l£, adj. Thick »et with bristle*.
BRO 64 BRU
559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fat 81 — mi 93, mSt 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — r.A 162, more 164,
To BROOD, brAAd, v. n. To sit on eggs, to hatch
them ; to cover chickens under the wing : to watch, or
consider any thing anxiously; to mature any thing by
care.
To BROOD, br&Ad, p. a. To chcr.sh by care, to
haU-h.
BROOD, brAod, t. Offspring, progeny ; generation ;
a hatch, the nun bcr hatched at once; the act ot cover-
ing the eggs.
BROODY, brAAi<J<*, adj. In a state of sitting on the
BROOK, brAok, *. A running water, a rivulet.
To BROOK, brook, v. a. To bear, to endure.
To BROOK, brook, v. n. To endure, to be content
BROOKLUIE, brook-lime, s. A sort of water ; an
herb.
BROOM, broAm, s. A shrub, a besom so called from
the matter of which it is made.
BROOMLAND, broom-land, S. Land that bears
broom.
BROOMSTAFF, broomAstlf, s. The staff to which
the broom is bound.
BllOOMY, brAoi-m^, adj. Full of broom.
BROTH, bro//l, s. Liquor in which flcah is boiled.
BRISTOL STONE, brls^tfil stone, *. A kind of
•oft diamond found in a nx-k near the city of Llristol.
BRIT, brlt, s. The name of a fish.
BRITTLE, brltitl, adj. 405. Fragile, apt to break.
BRITTLENESS, brlt-tl-n£s, 5. Aptness to break.
Biu /.!•:, brlze, s. The gadfly.
BaOACH, brAtsh, 4. 295, A spit.
To BROACH, brAtsh, v. a. To spit, to piercp as
with a spit ; to pierce a vessel in order to draw the li-
quor : to open any store ; to give out, to utter any
thing.
BROACHER, brotsh-ur, s. A spit ; an opener, or
utterer of any thing.
BROAD, brawd, adj. 295. Wide, extended in
breadth ; large ; clear, open ; gross, coarse ; obscene,
fulsome ; boM, not delicate, not reserved.
BROAD CLOTH, brawd^clAfA, s. A fine kind of
cloth.
To BROADEN, brawidn, v. n. 103. To grow
broad.
BROADLY, brawd-li, adv. In a broad manner.
BROADNESS, brawd-n£s, s. Breadth, extent from
side to Md,1 ; coarseness, fulsomeness.
BROADSIDE, briwd-slde, s. The side of a ship;
the volley of shot fired at once from the side of a ship.
BROADSWORD, brawd-sArd, s. A cutt.ng sword,
with a broad blade.
BROADWISE, brawd^wlze, adv. 140. According
to the direction of the breadth.
BROCADE, brA-kade,' 5. A silken stuff variegated.
BROCADED, brA-ka-de"d, adj. Drest in brocade ;
woven in the manner of brocade.
BROCAGE, brA^kldje, s. 90. The gain gotten by
promoting bargains ; the hire given for any unlawful
office ; the trade of dealing in old things.
BROCCOLI, brok-kA-ld, s. A specie* of cabbage.
BROCK, brok, .<. A badger.
BROCKET, brik'klt, «. 99. A red deer, two years
old.
BROGUE, brAg, s. 337. A kind of shoe j a corrupt
dialect
To BROIDER, brW-dur, v. a. To adorn with fi-
gures of needle-work.
BROIDERY, brAeidur-r£, *. 555. Embroidery,
flower-work.
BROIL, broil, s. A tumult, a quarrel.
To BROIL, broil, v. a. To dress or cook by laying
on the coals.
To BROIL, broil, v. n. To be in the heat.
BROKE, broke. Preterimperfect tense of the verb
To Hreak.
T i BROKE, brAke, v. n. To transact business for
others.
BROKEN, brA'kn, 103. Part. na:«. of Break.
BROKEN-HEARTED, brA^cn-har^d, adj. Having
the spirits crushed by grief or fear.
BROKENLY, brA-kn-li, adv. Without any regular
scries.
BROKER, brA^kur, *. A factor, one that does busi-
ness for another; one who deals in old household
goods ; a pimp, a match-maker.
BROKERAGE, brAMcur-ldje, s. 90. The pay or re-
ward of a broker.
BaoNCHOCELE, bron'kA-sele, *. A tumour of
ihat part of the aspera arteria, called the Bronchos.—
>cc Hijdroccic.
BRONCHIAL, bron-k£-al,
BUONCHICK, broiiMdk,
liiroaL
adj. Belonging to the
S. A bnw-
BROTHEL, broTH-£l,
BROTHEL-HOUSE, broTH^l-house,
dy-house.
BROTHER, br&TH-ur, *. 98. One bom of the same
father or mother ; any one closely united ; any one re-
sembling another in "manner, form, or piofession-;
Brother is used in theological language, for man in ge-
neral.
BROTHERHOOD, bruTH-ur-hud, *. The state or
quality of being a brother; an association of men for
any purpose, a fraternity ; a class of men of the saio/
kind.
BROTHERLY, br&TH-ur-li, adj. Natural to bro-
thers, such as becomes or beseems a brother.
BROUGHT, brawt, 393. Part. pass, of Bring.
BROW, brou, S. The arch of hair over the eye ;
forehead ; the general air of the countenance ; the edge
of any high place.
To BROWBEAT, broi-bite, v. a. To depress with
stern looks.
BROWBOUND, brou-botnd, adj. Crowned.
BROWSICK, brou'slk, adj. Dejected.
BROWN, broun, adj. The name of a colour.
BROWNBILL, broun^bll, s. The ancient weapon of
the English foot.
HROWJVNESS, broim£n£s, ,*. A brown colour.
BKOW.NSTUDY, broun-stud^dtf, 4. Gloomy medita-
tions.
To LiROWSE, brouze, v. a. To eat branches or
shrubs.
To BRUISE, brAoze, v. a. 343. To crush or man-
gle with a heavy blow.
BRUISE, brAoze, s. A hurt with something blunt
and heavy.
BRUISEWORT, brooze-w&rt, s. Comfrey.
BRUIT, broAt, s. 343. Rumour, noise, rejwrt
BRUMAL, brAA-mal, adj. Belonging to the winter.
BRUNETT, brAA-nih,' «. A woman with a brown
complexion.
BRUNT, brunt, f. Shock, violence, blow, stroke.
BRUSH, brush, s. An instrument for rubbing ; a
rude assault, a shock.
To BRUSH, brush, v. a. To sweep or rub with a
brush ; to strike with quickness ; to paint with a brush.
To BRUSH, brush, v. n. To move with haste ; to
fly over, to skim lightly.
BRUSHER, brushi&r, s. He that uses a brush.
BHONCHOTOMY, bron kot£tA-m<*( s. 518. The
operation which opens the windpipe by incision, to pre-
vent suffocation.
BllONZE, brAnze, *. Brass ; a medal. •
BuOOCH, brAtsh, t. A jewel, an ornament of jew-' BRUSHY, brusli^ adj. Rougher thaggy, like a
el- I bruin.
BRUSHWOOD, brush-w id, s. Kough, shrubby thick-
BUG 65 BUL
n6r 1G7, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bill 173— oil 299— pound 313 — tfiin 466 — THis 4f>9.
Tn BauSTI.E, br&s-sl, p. n. 472. To crackle.
BRUTAL, broi^tul, adj. 34:5. That which belongs
to a brute: savage, cruel, inhuman.
Bat.TAI.ITY, bro6-til-ti
lishness.
s. Savageness, chur-
To BRUTALIZE, br55iti llze, «. n. To grow bru-
tal or savage.
BRvfTALLV, broi-tal
manlv.
adu. Churlishly, inhu-
BRUTE, bro3t, adj. 339. Senseless, unconscious ;
savage, irrational; rough, ferocious.
BRUTE, br5ot, s. A creature without reason.
BRUTENESS, brootin£s. .?. Brutality.
71,) BRUTIFY, br65-te-f 1, v. a. To make a man a
brute.
BRUTISH, blfio'tlsh, adj. Bestial, resembling a
beast; rough, savage, ferocious; gro.ss, carnal; igno-
rant, untaught.
BRUTISHLY, brSo-tlsh 1(5, adv. In the manner of a
brute.
BRUTISHNESS, broo-tlsh-n^s, s. Brutality, savage-
ness.
BRYONY, brl-6-n(-, s. A plant.
Bl'B. bub, .?. Strong malt liquor. A low word.
BUBBLE, bub-bl, s. 405. A small bladder of water ;
anv thing which wants solidity and firmness ; a cheat,
a false show ; the person cheated.
To BUBBLE, bub^bl, t>. n. To rise in bubbles j to
run with a gentle noise.
To BUBBLE, buWbl, p. a. To cheat.
BUBBLER, bub^blur, s. 405. A cheat.
BuBBY, bub-bt*, s. A woman's breast. A low
word.
BUBO, bu'bo, *. The groin from the bending of the
thigh to the scrotum : all tumours in that part are call
ed Buboes.
BUBONOCELE, bu-bon-6-sele, s. A rupture, ir
which some part of the intestines breaks down into the
groin. — See Hyilrocelc.
BuCANIERS, buk-a-nWrz,' s. A cant word for the
privateers, or pirates, of America.
BUCK, buk, s. The liquor in which clothes are
washed ; the clothes washed in the liquor,
BUCK, buk, s. The male of the fallow deer, the
male of rabbits and other animals.
2') BUCK, buk, v. a. To wash clothes.
To BUCK, b&k, v. n. To copulate as bucks ana
does.
:CKI
vhich clothes are carried to the wash.
BuCKBEAN, buk-bene, s. A plant, a sort of trefoil.
BUCKET, b&k-klt, s. 99. The vessel in which
water is drawn out of a well ; the vessel in which water
is carried, particularly to quench a tire.
BUCKLE, b&k-kl, s. 405. A link of metal, with a
a tongue or catch made to fasten one thing to another
the state of the hair crisped and curled.
To BUCKLE, buk-kl, v. a. To fasten with a buc-
kle : to confine.
To BUCKLE, b&k-kl, v. n. To bend, to bow
To buckle to, to apply to; To buckle with, to engage
with.
BUCKLER, bukM&r, s. A shield.
BucKMAST, buk-inast, *. The fruit or mast of th
beech tree.
BUCKRAM, b&k-r&m, s. A sort of strong liner
cloth, stiffened with gum.
BUCKSHOUN-PLANTAIN, b&ks-horn-plan-ttn, *
A plant.
BUCKTHORN, bftk^Aorn, s. A tree.
BUCOLICK, l)U-k61'ik, s. A pastoral.
Krom i he tendency we have to remove the accen
Anglici
dropping the last syllable, we sometimes hear this
to the beginning of such Latin words as we Anglicize b'
impropeily accented on the first syllable. — See Acatlem
The authorities for the accent on the second syllable ajc, | ic> \\\ •luen children with.
Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Johnson, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry,
Dr. Kcnrtek, Bailey, Dr. Ash, and Kntick ; Buchanan
lands alone for the accent on the first.
BUD, bid, s. The first shoot ot a plant ; a germ.
To BUD, bud, v. n. To put forth young shoots, or
germs ; to be in the bloom.
To BUD, bad, v. a. To innoculate.
To BUDGE, budje, v. n. To stir.
BUDGE, budje, adj. Stiff, formal.
BUDGER, bud-jur, s. One that stirs.
BUDGET, budget, s. A bag. such as may be easily
carried ; a store, or stock.
BUFF, bllf, s. Leather prepared from the skin of
the buffalo, used for waist belts, pouches, ic. ; ami-
litary coat.
To BUFF, buf, v. n. To strike. A low word.
BUFFALO, buWi-16, s. A kind of wild bull or
cow.
BUFFET, Inif'fit, s. 99. A blow with the fist.
BUFFET, buf fOt,' s. A kind of cupboard.
To BUFFET, buf'if'lt, v. a. 99. To box, to beat.
To BUFFET, b*if^t'it, v. n. To play a boxing
match
BUFFETER, buftflt-t&r, .1. A boxer.
BUFFLE, buftfl, s. 405. The same with Buffalo.
BUFFLF.HEADED, bftfEfl-b&£Sd, adj. Dull, stupid.
BUFFOON, buf-foon,'s. A man whose profession
is to make sport by low jests and antick postures, n
jack-pudding ; a man that practises indecent raillery.
BUFFOONERY, b5f-foon-ur-r<i, s. The practice of
a buffoon ; low jests, scurrile mirth.
BUG, bug, J. A stinking insect, bred in old house-
hold stuff.
BUGBEAR, bug-bare, «. A frightful object, a false
terror.
BUGGINESS, b&g-gi-nfc, s. The state of being in.
fected with bugs.
BUGGY, bugige, adj. 283. Abounding with bugs.
BUGLE, bu-gl, 40.1.
BUGLEHORN, bu^gl-
BUGLE, bu-gl, s. A shining bead of black glass.
BUGLE, bu-gl, s. A plant.
BuGI.OSS, buiglos, s. The herb ox-tongue.
To BuiLD, bild, v. a. 341. To make a fabrick, or
an edifice ; to raise any thing on a support or founda-
tion.
To BuiLD, blld, v. n. To depend on, to rest on.
BUILDER, blld-ur, s. 98. He that builds, an archi-
tect.
BUILDING, blkUIng, s. 410. A fabrick, an edifice.
BuiLT, bllt, s. The form, the structure.
BULB, bulb, s. A round body, or root.
BULBACEOUS, bul-ba-sh&s, adj. The same with
Bulbous.
BULBOUS, b&Kbi'is, adj. 314. Containing bulhs.
To BULGE, bulje, v. n. To take in water, to foun-
der; to jut out.
BULK, bulk, s. Magnitude, size, quantity ; th«
gross, (he majority ; main f,,brick.
BULK, bulk, s. A part of a building jutting out.
BULKHEAD, bulk-lnki,' s. A partition made acrost
a ship with boards.
Bui.KINESS, buUke-n^s, *. Greatness of stature or
size.
BULKY, bul-k£, adj. Of great size or stature.
BULL, bul, *. 173. The male of black cattle: in
the scriptural sen>e, an enemy powerful and violent;
one of the twelve signs of the zodiack; a le'.ter pub-
lished by the Pope; a blunder.
BUJ.I.BAITING, bul-ba-tlng, *. The sport of bait-
ing bulls with dogs.
Bri.I.-HKGGAll, bfil'bOg-ur, *. Something Urrihla
?
m,' J* A
BUN 66 BUR
|S- 5.59. Fate- 73, far 77, .fill 83, fill 81— me 93, m& 35— pine 105, pin 107— r,A 162, rr.5*e 164,
Bul.L-DOG, bul-dAg, I. A dog of a particular form,
remarkable for his courage.
BtT.L Hl'.AI), bul-h£d, s. A stupid fellow, the
name of a fish.
Bui.L-WEED, bul-wikM. .1. Knapweed.
BULL WORT, bul-w&rt, s. Bi.-hops weed.
BULLACE, bul-Ils, s. 99- A wild sour plum.
BULLET, bill-lit, s. 99. A round ball of metal.
BULLION, bul-yun, s. 113. Gold or silver in the
lump unwrotipht.
BuLLlTlON, bul-lishiun, s. 177. The act or state
of boiling.
BULLOCK, bul-luk, * 166. A young bull.
BULLY, bul-le, s. A noisy, blustering, quarrelling
fellow.
BULRUSH, bulrush, s. A large rush.
BULWARK, bul-wurk, s. A fortification, a citadel;
security.
BUM, b&m, s.
used in composition, for
bum-bailiff.
The part on which we sit ; it is
' thing mean or low, as
BUMBAILIFF, bum bai-llf, s. A bailiff of the mean-
est kind, one that is employed in arrests.
BuMBARD, bumibird, s -- See Bombard.
BUMBAST, bum-bJst/ S. A cloth made of ]>atches;
patchwork ; more properly written Bombast, as deriv-
ed by Mr. Stevens from Hombi/rinvs, made of silk.
BUMP, blimp, s. A swelling, a protuberance.
To BUMP, bump, v. a. To make a loud noise. — See
Bomb.
BUMPER, bumip&r, «. 98. A cup filled.
{£*?• There is a plausible derivation of this word from
the French Bnn Pert, which, say the anti-clerical critics,
was the toa<t which the Monks gave to the Pope in a full
lass. The farther a derivation is traced, the better it is
v the common crowd of critics; but Mr. Elphin-
glass.
liked b
ston, who saw farther into English and French etymolo-
gy than any author I have met with, contents fiimself
with deriving this word from the wor! Bump, which, as
a verb, signifies the action of some heavy body that
makes a dense noise, and, as a noun, implies the general
effect of such an action on the animal frame, which is a
Iivotuberance or swelling; and the swelling out of the
iquor when a glass is full, seems the natural offspring of
the substantive Bump.
Dr. Ash, whose etymological knowledge seems very ex-
tensive, gives this word the same derivation, but tells us
that the word Bumpkin is of uncertain etymology ; alit-
tle attention, however, would, I think, have led him to
the same origin of this word as the former ; for the hea-
vy r.iirt protuberant form of the rusticUs, to whom this
word is generally applied, might very naturally generate
the appellation.
BUMFKIN, bumpkin, s. An awkward heavy rustick.
Sec Bumper.
BUMPKINI.Y, b&mikin-lfi, adj. Having the insu-
rer or appearance of a clown.
BUNCH, bunsh, s. 352. A hard lump, a knob ; a
cluster; a number of things tied together: anv thing
bound into a knot.
BUNCHBACKED, bunshAmkt, adj. Having bunches
on the back.
Bu.NTIIY, bCin-sh£, adj. Growing into bunches.
BUNDLE, b&n-dl, 5. 405. A number of things
bound together; any thing rolled up cyhndrically.
To BUNDLE, bun^dl, v a. To tie in a bundle.
BUNG, bung, s. A stopper for a barrel
To BUNG, bung, »>. a. To stop up.
BUNGHOLE, btmgihile, *. The hole at which the
barrel is filled.
T<> BUNGLE, bungig], v. n. 405. To perform
clumsily
To BUNGLE, bfingigl, ». a. To botch, to manage
clumsily.
BUNGLE, bfmg-gl, s. A botch, an awkwardness.
BUNGLER, I'Ung-glur, .?. A bad workman.
BUNGl.INGLY, bungigllng-te, adv. Clunu,ily, awk-
wardly.
BUNN, bun, S. A kind of sweet bread.
BUNT, bunt, S. A swelling part; an increasing ca-
vity ; the bag of a sail, formed to contain more wn.d.
BUNTER, li&n-ttir, s. 98. Any low vulgar woman.
BUNTING, bun-ting, *. The name of a bird.
BUOY, buo£, *. 346. A piece of cork or wood
floating, tied to a weight.
To BUOY, buoe, v. a. To keep afloat.
F UOYANCY, budc-3n-sei, s. Ihe quality of float-
ing.
BUOYANT, buoeiSnt, adj. Which will not sink.
BUR, bur, .s. A rough head of a plant
BURBOT, buribut, s. 166. A fish full of prickles.
BURDELAIS, bur-d^-la/ s. A sort of grape.
BURDEN, bur^dn, s. 103. A load ; something griev.
ous; a birth; the verse repeated in a soi-g.
To BURDEN, b&r-dn, v. a. To load, to encumber.
BURDENER, bur-dn-ur, s. 98 A loader, an op-
pressor.
BuRDENOUS, bur^d n-us, adj. Grievous, oppressive ;
usele-s.
BURDENSOME, bur^dn-sum, adj. Grievous, trou-
blesome.
BuRDENSOMENESS, buridn-sum-n&, s. Weight,
uneasiness.
BURDOCK, bfir-d&k, s — See Dock.
BUREAU, b6-ro,' s. A chest of drawers.
BURG, burg, 5 — See Burrow.
BuRGAGE, bur-gadje, s. 90. A tenure proper to-
cities and towns.
BuRGAMOT, bur-gi-m&t/ s. A species of pear.
BURGANET, or BURGONET, bur-gA-n^t, S A
kii.d of helmet.
BuRGEOlS, b&r-jolce,' s. A citizen, a burgess ; *
type of a particular size.
BURGESS, burij^s, s. A citizen, a freeman of a ci-
ty ; a representative of a town corpora e.
BURGH, burg, s. 392. A corporate town or bo-
rough.
BURGHER, b&rigur, $. One who has a right to
certain privileges in this or that place.
BURGHERSIUF, burigiir-ship, s. The privilege of
a burgher.
BURGLARY, bur-gli-r^, s. Robbing a house by
night, or breaking in with intent to rob.
BURGOMASTER, bur-go m&s-tur, *. One employ-
ed in the government of a eity.
BURIAL, ber^re-Sl, s. 178. The act of burying,
sepulture, interment ; the act of placing any thing un-
der earth; the church service for funerals.
BURIER, be'r-r^-ur, s. He that buries.
BURINE, bu-rln, s. A graving toot
BURLACE, b&rilase, s. A sort of grape.
To BURL, burl, v. a. To dress cloth as fullers do.
BURLESQUE, bfir-lesk/ adj. 415. Jocular, tending
to raise laughter.
BURLESQUE, bur-l£sk,' s. Ludicrous language-
To BURLESQUE, btir-l&k/ v. a. To turn to ridi-
cule.
BURLINESS, bur-l£-n<ls, s. Bulk, bluster.
BURLY, bur-le, adj. Big ol stature.
To BURN, burn, v. a. To consume with fire, to
wound with fire.
To BURN, burn, v. n. To be on fire ; to be in-
flamed with passion; to act as fire.
BURN, burn, s. A hurt caused by fire.
BURNER, bur-nur, $. A person that burns any
thing.
BURNET, bur^nlt, s. 99. A plant. N
BURNING, bur-nlng, s. 410. State of inflamma-
tion.
BURNING-GLASS, b&r-nlng-glAs, s. A gias* which
BUS
67
BUY
nir 167, nit 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173— ill 299 — pound 313— I/tin 466 — THis 469.
collects the rays of the sun into a narrow compass, and BUSYBODY, bIziz<*-W>d-d<*, «. A vain, meddling.
so increases tiicir torce. <•„—....,»: <
To BURNISH, buK-nlsh, v. a. To polish.
To BURNISH, burnish, v. n. To grow bright or
glossy.
BURNISHER, bur-nlsh-ur, s. The person that bur-
nishes or polishes; the tool with which bookbinder
give a gloss to (he leaves of books; it is commonly a
dog's tooth set in a stick.
BURNT, burnt. Part. pass, of Burn.
BURR, bur, s. The lobe or lap of the ear.
BuRREL, buriril, s. 99. A sort of pear.
BURROW, b&r-rA, s. A corporate town, that is, no
a city, but such as sends burgesses to the parliament
a place fenced or fortified ; the holes made in the
ground by conies.
To BURROW, bur-ri, v. n. To mine as conies or
rabbits.
BURSAR, burisir, s. 88. The treasurer of a col-
lege.
BuRSE, burse, S. An exchange where merchants
meet.
To BURST, burst, v. n. To break, or fly open j to
fly asunder ; to break away, to spring ; to come sudden
ly ; to begin an action violently.
To BURST, burst, v. a. To break suddenly, to
make a quick and violent disruption.
BURST, burst, s. A sudden disruption.
BURST, burst, 1 .. .,
i ? / * f Part. adj. 472, 405. Dis-
BURSTEN, bur-stn, $ *
eased with a hernia or rupture.
BuRSTENNESS, burstn-n^s, s. A rupture.
BuRSTWORT, burst-wurt, s. A herb good agains
ruptures.
BuRT, burt, s. A flat fish of the turbot kind.
BURTHEN, buriTHn, s. 4G8 See Burden.
To BURY, b£r-re, v. a. 178. To inter, to put in-
to a grave ; to inter with rites and ceremonies ; to con
ceal, to hide.
BUSH, bash, s. 173. A thick shrub ; a bough of a
tree fixed up at a door, to show that liquors are sole
there.
BUSHEL, bush-H, s. 173. A measure containing
eight gallons, a strike.
BUSHINESS, bubhie-n^s, s. The quality of being
bushy.
BusHMENT, bush£m£nt, s. A thicket.
BUSHY, bush^, adj. Thick, full of small branches ;
full of bushes.
BlTSILESS, b!z-z£-les, adj. 178. At leisure.
BUSILY, blz-ze-l£, adv. With hurry, actively.
BUSINESS, biz-n^s, s. 178. Employment, multipli-
city of affairs ; an affair ; the subject of action ; serious
engagement; right of action; a matter of question ; To
do one's business, to kill, to destroy, or ruin him.
Bl/'SK, busk, s. A piece of steel, or whalebone,
worn by women to strengthen their stays.
BUSKIN, bus-kin, s. A kind of half boot, a shoe
which comes to the mid-leg ; a kind of high shoe worn
by the ancient actors of tragedy.
BusKINEU, bus-kind, adj. 359. Dressed in bus-
kins.
BUSKY, bus-ke, adj. Woody.
Buss, bus, s. A kiss, a salute with lips ; a boat for
fishing.
To Buss, bus, v. a. To kiss. A low word.
BlST, bust, s. A statue representing a man to his
breast.
BUSTARD, bus-turd, s. 88. A wild turkev.
'J\> BUSTLE, bus-si, v. n. 472. To be busy, to stir.
BUSTLE, bus-si, s. A tumult, a hurry.
BUSTLER, bfis-lur, s. 98. An active stirring man.
BUSY, blz-ze, adj. 178. Employed with earnest-
ne.xs; bustling, active, meddling.
1\i BUSY, bU-ze, v. a. To employ, to engage.
fantastical person.
BUT, but, conj. Except ; yet, nevertheless ; the par-
ticle which introduces the minor of a syllogism, now;
only, nothing more than; than; not otherwise than;
by no other means than ; if it were not for this ; how-
ever, howbeit; otherwise than; even, not longer ago
than ; yet it may be objected ; but for, had not this
been.
BuT-END, b&t^nd/ s. Tho blunt end of any thing.
BUTCHER, but'tsbur, s. 175. One that kills ani-
mals to sell their flesh ; one that is delighted with blood.
To BUTCHER, but-tshur, v. a. To kill, to murder.
BuTCHERLlNESS, but-tshur-l<i-n^s, 5. A butcher-
ly manner.
BUTCHERLY, but-tshur-lt*. adj. Bloody, barbarous.
BUTCHERY, but-tshur-ri, s. The trade of a
butcher; murder, cruelty; the place where blood is
shed.
BUTLER, but-lur, s. 98. A servant employed in fur-
nishing the table with wine and other liquors.
BUTMENT, but-m£nt, s. That part of the arch
which joins it to the upright pier.
BUTT, but, s. The place on which the mark to be
shot at is placed ; the point at which the endeavour is
directed ; a man upon whom the company break their
jests.
BUTT, but, s A vessel, a barrel containing one
hundred and twenty-six gallons of wine.
To BUTT, but, v. a. To strike with the head.
BuiTER, but-tur, s. 98. An unctuous substance
made by agitating the cream of milk till the oil separ-
ates from the whey.
To EMITTER, butUfir, p. a. To smear or oil with
butter ; to increase the stakes every throw.
BUTTER-BUMP, butitur-bump, s. A fowl, the bit-
tern.
BUTTERBUR, butitur-bur, s. A plant.
BUTTERFLOWEB, but-tur-fl5u-ur, s. A yellow
flower of May.
BUTTERFLY, bu&ur-fll, s. A beautiful insect.
BuTTERIS, but-tur-ris, s. An instrument of steel
used in paring the foot of a horse.
BUTTERMILK, but-tur-m!lk, s. The whey that is
separated from the cream when butter is made.
BUTTERPRINT, but-tur- print, s. A piece of carv-
ed wood, used to mark butter.
BUTTERTOOTH, but-tur-tdo^/i, & The great broad
foretooth.
BUTTERWOMAN, but-tur-wum-un, s. A woman
that sells butter.
BuTTERWORT, but^tur-wurt, s. A plant, eanicle.
BUTTERY, but-tur- r£, adj. Having the appearance
or qualities of butter.
BUTTERY, b5t'tur-re, s. The room where provi-
sions are laid up.
BUTTOCK, butitiik, s. 166. The rump, the part
near the tail.
BUTTON, b&t-tn, s. 103. 170. Any knob or hall;
the bud of a plant.
To BUTTON, but^tn, v. a. 405. To dress, t»
clothe; to fasten with buttons.
BUTTONHOLE, but'tn-hole, s. The loop in which
the button of the clothes is caught.
BUTTRESS, butitris, s. 99. A prop, a wall built to
support another ; a prop, a support.
To BUTTRESS, but-tris, v. a. To prop.
BUXOM, bukisum, adj. 166. Obedient, obsequi-
ous ; gay, lively, brisk ; wanton, jolly.
BUXOMLY, buk-sum-ltJ, adv. Wantonly, amorous-
BUXOMNESS, buk-sum-n£s, i. Wantonness, amor-
ousness.
To BUY, bl, v. a. To purchase, to acquire by pay-
ing a price ; to manage by money.
To BUY, bl, V. n. To treat about a purchase.
CAB
CAD
c.
CAB,
3, kab, $. A Hebrew measure, containing a-
bout three pints English.
CABAL, k;\-ba!,' s. The secret science of the Hebrew
rabbins; a body of men united in some close design ;
intrigue.
£5- The political signification of this word owes its
original to the five Cabinet Ministers in Charles the Se-
cond reign; Clifford, Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington,
an. I I .audcrdale: this Junto were known by the name of
the fabd; a word which the initial letters of their names
hapjicned to compose.
2o CABAL, ki-bal,' r. n. To form cloee intrigues.
CABALIST, k&l&Ulst, $. One skilled in the tradi-
tion* of the Hebrews.
t$* 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m£ 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 1G2, move 164,
BUYER, bl-ur, t. He that buys, a purchaser.
To Buzz, biz, v. n. To hum, to make a noise
like bees ; to whisper, to prate.
BUZZARD, b&zizfird, s. 88. A degenerateor mean
«pmcs of hawk ; a blockhead, a dunce.
BUZZER, b&z-zfir, j. 98. A secret whisperer.
BY, < ! f jireji. It notes the agent ; it notes
the instrument ; it notes the cause; it notes the means
ov which any thing is performed ; at, or fn, noting
place; it notes the sum of the difference tetween two
things compared; not later than, noting time; beside,
noting passage ; near to, in presence, noting proximity ;
before Himself, it notes the absence of all others; it is
the solemn form of swearing ; at hand ; it is used in
forms of obtesting, by proxy of, noting substitution.
}C5" The general sound of this word is like the verb to
t»ty ; but we not unfreouently hear it pronounced like
the verb to be. This latter sound, however, is only to.
leralile in colloquial pronunciation, a"»d then only when
used as a preposition ; as when we say, Do you travel by
land or by water? Thus in reading these lines of Pope ;
" By land, by water, they renew the charge,
" The; stop the chariot, and they board the barge."
Here we ought to give the word by the sound of the
verb to buy ; so that pronouncing this word like be, is,
If the word will be pardoned me, a coftoyttialisnt.
BY, bl, adt'. Near, at a small distance ; beside, pas-
ting ; in presence.
BY AND BY, bi-and-bl/ adv. In a short time.
BY, bl, *. Something not the direct and immediate
object of regard, as by the by.
BY-CONCERNMENT, by-k6n-s£rn-m£nt, s. Not
the main business.
BY-END, bV4ndf s. Private interest, secret advan-
tage.
BY-GONE, bRgin,' adj. Past.
BY-LAW, bl-law^ s. By-laws are orders made for
the good of those that make them, farther than the
public law binds.
BY-NAME, bKname,' *. A nick. name.
BY PATH, bK-paf//,' i. A private or obscure path.
BY-RESPECT, bl'ri-spSkt,' s. Private end or view.
BY-ROOM, bl-r&5m,' s. A private room within.
BY-SPEECH, bl-spWtsh,' s. An incidental or casual
sj>eech.
BY-STANDER, bl^stinidir, t. A looker on, one
unconcerned.
BY-STREET, bUstr&t,' *. An obscure street.
BY-VIEW, blivo,' j. Private setf-mtercsted purpose.
BY-WALK, biiwdwk,' s. Private walk, not the main
road,
BY-WAY, bl-wa,' s. A private and obscure way.
BY-WEST, W-wgst/ adj. Westward, to the west of.
BY-WORD, b^wlrd,' s. A laying, a proverb ; a term
of reproach.
CABALISTICAL, kib-al-lVte-kal, 7 .. „
CABALIST.CK, kab-AUisklk, $ «4f ****'"•
that has an occult meaning.
CABALLER, ka-bAl-Iar, s. He that engages in close
designs, an intriguer.
CABBAGE, kab^bldje, s. 90. A plant.
To CABBAGE, kab^btdje, v. n. To steal in cutting
clothes.
CABBAGE-TfeEE, kab^bldje-trW, *. A species of
palm-tree;i
CABBAGE-WORM, kab4>!dje-w&rm, .». An insect.
CABIN, kab-bln, s. A small room ; a small cham-
ber in a ship; a cottage, or small house.
To CABIN, kub-bln, v. n. To live in a cabin.
To CABIN, kab-bln, v. a. To confine in a cabin.
CABINED, kib-blnd, adj. 362. Belonging to a t.i-
bin.
CABINET, k5b£in-£t, S. A set of boxes or drawer*
for curiosities; any place in which things of value aie
hid'den; a private room in which consultations are
held.
CABINET COUNCIL, k&b£ln-£t-ko&n-sil, s. A coun.
cil held in a private manner.
CABINET-MAKER, k;\b-ln-£t-rna-k&r, s. One that
makes small nice work in wood.
CABLE, ka-bl, s. 405. The great rope of a ship to
which, the aiichor is fastened.
CACHECTICAL, ka-k^k^te-kAl, 7 ' . ,
/-, ' ' t 4 • 31 / j» f adl. Having an
CACHECTICK, ka-*£k-tlk, 5
ill habit of body.
CACHEXY, kakMc£k-s£*. 517. Such a distempera-
ture of the humours as hinders nutrition, and weakens
the vital and animal functions.
fr5^ Mr. Sheridan is the only orthoepist who accents
this word on the first syllable as I have done ; and yet
every other lexicographer, who has the word, accents
Anitrexy, Ateuey, and Ataraxy, on the first syllable, ex-
cjjjit Mr. Sheridan, who accents Aiuxexy, and Bailey A-
taxy, on the penultimate. Whence this variety and in
consistency should arise, it is not easy to determine. Or-
thodoxy and Apople.ry had sufficiently chalked out the
analogy of accentuation in these words. The termina
lions in axy and exy do not form a species of words which
may be called enclitical, like logy and graphy, 517, but
seem to be exactly under the predicament of those Latin
and Greek words, which, when adopted into English by
rtrojrping their. last syllable, remove the accent at least
two syllables higher — See Academy.
CACHINNATION, kak-kin-nai-sh&n, *. 353. A
loud burhter. , ;
CACKEREL, kaki&r-ll, s. 555. 99. A fish,
To CACKLE, kakikl, v. n, 405. To make a noise
as a goose ; sometimes it is used for the noise of a hen, ;
to laugh, to giggle.
CACKLE, kiSk-kl, i. The voice of a goose or fow>:
figuratively, to giggle.
CACKLER, kakU&r, 3. 98. A fowl that cackles ; a
tell-tale, a tattler.
CACOCHYMICAL, kak-lco klm^-kil, ^ .
CACOCHYMICK, kak-ko-klmiik, 353. 509. ) J'
Having the humours corrupted.
CACOCHYMY, kak-ko-klm m£, s. A depravation
of the humours from a sound state.
Jf^f Johnson and Uailey accent this word Cacocfiym';/,
Sheridan and Buchanan Cacoe/i'ymy, and Dr. Ash C'acit-
cliymy f and this la^t accentuation I have adopted for
reasons given under the word Cae/iejry, which see.
CACOD^EMON, kik-o d^-mon, s. An evil spirit -,
the Devil. — See I'rinciples, No. 50U.
CACOPHONY, ka-k6Po-ni, s. 518. A bad sound
of words.
To CACUMINATE, ka kfj^m^ nate, v. a. To make
sharp or pyramidal.
CADAVEROUS, ka-dAv£4 rfis, ad}. Having the a»~
pearance of a dead carcass.
CADDIS, kad-dis, s. A kind'of tape or ribbon • a
kind of worm or grub.
CADI:, kadi1, ailj. Tame, soft, as a cade lamb,
CADE, kade, t. A barrel.
CAL-
69
nor 167, n&t 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — <//in 466— Tills 4G9.
Ad^nse, 3
Fall, state of sinking,
CADENCE, ka-d£nse,
CADENCY,
decline ; the fall of the voice; the flow of verses, or pe-
riods; the tone or sound.
C A DENT, kaid^nt, adj. Falling down.
CADET, ka-d£t/ s. The younger brother ; the young,
eit brother; a volunteer in the army, who serves in
expectation of a commission.
CADGER, k&d-jur, s. A huckster.
'his word is only used by the vulgar in London,
where it is not applred to 'any particular profession or em-
ployment, but nearly m the same sense a: Curmudgeon,
and is corruptly pronounced as if written Codger.
CADI, ka-d^, *. A magistrate among the Turks.
CADILLACK, ka-dll-lak, s. A. sort of pear.
CADUCEUS, ka-du-she-us, s. 505. The rod or
wand with which Mercury is depicted.
CADUCITY, ka-du-s^-ti, s. 511. Tendency to fall ;
frailty.
C-ffiSURA, s«*-zu£ra, ». 479. 480. A figure in
poetry, by which a short syllable after a complete foot
is made long ; a pause in verse.
CAFTAN, kaf^tan, s. A Persian or Turkish vest
or garment.
CAG, kag, *. A barrel of wooden vessel, containing
four or five gallons.
CAGE, kaje, s. An enclosure of twigs or wire, in
which birds are kept ; a place for wild beasts ; a prison
. for petty malefactors.
To CAGE, kaje, v. n. To enclose in a cage.
CAIMAN, ka-man, s. 88. The American name of
i-" a crocodile.
To CAJOLE, ka-jAle/ v. a. To flatter, to soothe.
CAJOLER, ka-jAMur, s. A flatterer, .a wheedler.
CAJOLERY, kJUjAU&r-ni, *. 555, Flattery.
CAITIFF, ka-tlf, s. A mean villain, a despicable
knave. .
CAKE, kake, i. A kind of delicate bread ; any thing
of a form rather flat than high.
To CAKE, kake, v. n. To harden as dough in the
oven.
CALABASH, kal^A-bash, s. A species of a large
gourd.
CALABASH TREE, kalia-bash-trW, s. A tree, of
which the shells are used by the negroes for cups, as
also for instruments of musick.'
CALAMANCO, kal-a-mang-kA, s. A kind of wool-
len stuff.
CALAMINE, kalii-minc, s. 1 49. A kind of fossile
bituminous earth, which being mixed with copper,
changes it into brass.
CAI.AMINT, kal-a-mlnt,
.?. The name of a plant,
a species of the melissa or haum
CALAMITOUS, ka-lim-i-tus, adj. Miserable, in-
volved in distress, unhappy, wretched.
CALAMITOUSNESS, ka-lami<;-t5s-n£s, «. Misery,
distress,
CALAMITY, ka-lim^-te., i. Misfortune, cause of
misery. <
CALAMUS, kal-a-mus, .v. A sort of reed or sweet-
scented wood, mentioned in Scripture.
CALASH, kA-lasl)^ 3. A small carriage of plea-
sure. L
CAI.CARIOUS, kAl-ka're~us, adj. Partaking of the
nature of calx.
CAI.CEATED, kal-she-a-ted, adj. 450. Shod, fitted
with shoes.
CAI.CEDONIUS, kal-s^-doi-n^-us, *. A kind of pre-
• ' cious stone.
CALCINATION, kal-se-na-sh&n, s,. Such a manage-
ment of bodies by fire as renders them reducible to
powder; chymical pulverization.
CAI.CINATOHY, kal-slii^a-tfir-e, s. A vessel used
in ralrinalion.
£5" Mr- -Sheridan accents this wonl on the first sylla-
ble, and Dr. Johnson ami Mr. I'crr\ i n the second'. I
prefer the same accent as on tike verli Tu canine,
To CALCINE, kal-slnr,' v. a. To burn in the fire
to a nalx 01 substance easily reduced to powder ; to
burn up.
To CALCINE, kll-slne,' v. n. To become a calx by
heat.
To CALCULATE, kal'ku-late, v. a. To compute,
to reckon; to adjust, to project for an) certain end
Neuterly, to make a computation.
CALCULATION, kal-ku-la-shun, s. A practice or
manner of reckoning, the art of numbering; the re-
sult of arithmetical operation.
CALCULATOR, kal-ku-la-tur, *. 521. A com-
puter.
CALCULATORY, kaUku-la-tfir-^, adj. 512. Be-
longing to calculation.
CAI.CULE, kal-kule, s. Reckoning, compute.
Stony, gritty.
CALCULOSE, kal-ku-16s<>/ 7 /•
CALCULOUS, kalik 6-lus, 5 ,"'"•
CALCULUS, kal-ku-lus, s. The stone in the blad-
der. i
CALDRON, kUwKdr&n, s. 166. A pot, a boiler, •
kettle.
CALEFACTION, kal-£-fak£shftn, * The act ol
heating any thing ; the state of being heated.
CALEFACTIVE, kal-£-fak-tlv, adj. That which
makes any thing hot, heating.
CALEFACTORY, kal-£-f ak-tur-«*, adj. That which
heats.
To CALEFY, kal^-fl, v. n. 183. To grow hot, to
be heated.
CALENDAR, kaWn-d&r, s. 88. A register of th«
year, in which the months, and stated times, are maik
ed, as festivals and holidays.
To CALENDER, kali^n-dur, v. a. To dress cloth.
CALENDER, kal^n-dfir, s. 98. A hot press, a
press in which clothiers smooth their cloth.
CALENDERER, kaWn-dur-ur, s. The person who
calenders.
CALENDS, kali£ndz, s. The first day of the month
among the Romans.
CALENTURE, kaWn-tshirp, s. 461 A distemper
in hot climates, wherein they imagine the sea to be
green fields.
CALF, kaf, *. 401. 78. The young of a cow; the
thick, plump, bulbous part of the leg.
CALIBER, kaW-b&r, s. The bore, the diameter o»
the barrel of a gun.
!1f5> Mr. Sheridan accents this word on the second svl-
lable, and gives the i the sound of double e like the French ;
but Johnson, Kenrick, Ash, Buchanan, Perry, and En
tick, consider the word as perfectly anglicised, and place
the accent on the first syllable as I have done.
CALICE, kil-ls, s. A cup, a chalice.
CALICO, kaW-k6, s. An Indian stuff made ol
cotton.
CALID, kal-Id, adj. Hot, burning.
CALIDITY, ka-lidide-t^, s. 511. Heat
A
* A tltle assumcd by tf>e suc-
CLIPH
cessors of Mahomet among the Saracens.
CALIGATION, kal-14-ga'shun, s. Darkness, clou-
diness.
CALIGINOUS, ka-Hdjf-e-n&s, adj. Obscure, dim.
CALIGINOUSNE8S, ka-lldjeie-n&s-n^s, *. Dark-
.
CA LIVER, kiU^e-vSr, s. A handgun, a harquebuse,
an old musket.
To CALK, kawk, v. a. To stop the leaks of a ship.
CALKER, kaw^kur, *. The workman that stops the
leaks of a shin.
To CALL, kawl, v. a. 77. To name; to summon or
invite; to convoke; to summon judicially; in the
theological sense, to inspire with arilours of piety ; to
invoke, to appeal to; to proclaim, to publish: to make
a short visit; to excite, to put in action, to bring into
view ; to stigmatize with some opprobrious denomina-
tion; To call back, to revoke; To cull m, to rts>um«
CAM 70 CAN
559. File 73, fir 77, fall S3, fit 81 — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — r.A 162, m5ve 154,
A truU.
inonev at interest ; To cart I over, to read aloud a list or
muster-roll ; To call out, to challenge.
CALL, kiwi, s. A vocal address ; requisition ; divine
vocation; summons to true religion ; an impulse: au-
thority, command ; a demand, adaim; an instrument
to call' birds; calling, vocation, employment ; a nomi-
nation.
CALTAT, 7 klll
CALI.ET, }
CALLING, kiwi-ling, s. Vocation, profession, trade ;
proper station, or employment ; class of persons united
by the same employment or profession ; divine voca-
tion, invitation to the true religion.
CALLIPERS, kil-li purz, s. 98. Compasses with
b >wed shanks.
CALLOSITY, kal-l&s-se-t£, s. A kind of swelling
without pain.
CALLOUS, kiU-l&s, adj. Hardened, insensible.
CALLOUSNESS, k!l-lfis-n£s, s. Induration of the
fib-es; insensibility.
CALLOW, kaMi, adj. Unfledged, naked, wanting
feathers.
CALLUS, kal-l&s, *. An induration of the fibres ;
the hard substance by which broken bones are uuit-
Cd.
CALM, k&m, adj. 8O. Quiet, serene; undisturbed,
unruffled — See No. 79, in the N'ote.
C'ALM, k&m, s. Serenity, stillness ; quiet, repose.
To CALM, kam, v. a. To still, to quiet ; to pacify,
to appease.
CALMER, kam-nr, s. 403. The person or thing
which has the power of giving quiet.
CALMLY, kam-le, adv. Without storms, or violence ;
with ut passions, quietly.
CALMNESS, kam-nes, s. Tranquillity, serenity ;
mildness, freedom from passion.
CALOMEL, kal-o-m&I, s. Mercury six times su-
blimed.
CALORIFICK, kal-6 rif-ik, adj. That which has
the quality of producing heat.
CALOTTE, fcal-lot,' s. A cap or coif.
CALTROPS, kal-tr&ps, s. An instrument made with
four spikes, so that which way soever it falls to the
pround, one of them points upright; a plant men-
tioned in Virgil's Georgicks, under the name of Tri-
bulus.
To CALVE, kav, v. n. 78. To bring forth a calf,
spoken of a cow.
To CALUMNIATE, ka-lum-ne-ate, v. a. 91. To
slander.
CALUMNIATION, k;Vl&m-n£-a'sliun, s. A mali-
cious and false representation of words or actions.
CALUMNIATOR, ki-l&m-n^-a-tijr, s. 521. A for-
ger of accusation, a slanderer.
CALUMNIOUS, kA-lum-ne-&s, adj. Slanderous,
falsely reproachful.
CALUMNY, kaU-&m-n£, s. Slander, fake charge.
CALX, kalks, s. Any thing rendered reducible to
powder by burning.
CALYCLE, kaW kl, *. 405. A small bud of a
plant.
CAMAIEU, ka-ma-yuo, *. A ftone with various
figures and representations of landscapes, formed by
niture.
CAMJJER, kain-bir, s. A piece of timber cut arch-
wise.
CAMBIST, kamU>lst, s. \ person who deals in
bills of exchange, or who is skilled in the business of
exchange.
542. A kind of fine
CAMBRICK, kamiibrlk,
linen.— See Chamber.
CAME, kame. The preterit of To come.
CAMEL, kam££l, $. 99. A beast of turden.
CAMELOPARD, kA-m^l-li-pard, .«. An
taller than an elephant, but not so thick.
ginally made bv a mixture of silk and camel's hair ; it
is now made with wool and silk.
CAMERA OBSCURA, kam^-ra-ub-skii-ra, s. An
optical machine used in a darkened chamber, so that
the light coming only through a double convex glass,
objects opposite are represented imerted.
CAMERADE. — See Comrade.
CAMERATED, 'k:\mi£r-A-t£d, adj. Arched.
CAMERATION, kam-£r-a-shCm, $. A vaulting or
arching.
CAMISADO, kam-d-sa-d6, *. 77. An attack made
in the dark, on which occasion they put their shirts
outward.
CAMISATED, karate- sa-tAl, ailj. Dressed with the
shirt outward.
CAMLET, kamM£t, » See Camelot.
CAMMOCK, kamim&k, s. 166. An herb, petty
whin, or restharrow.
CAMP, kamp, S. The order of tents placed by ar-
mies when they keep the field.
To CAMP, kamp, v. n. To lodge in tent*.
CAMPAIGN, kam-pane,' s. 385. A large, open,
level tract of ground ; the time for which any auny
keeps the field.
CAMPANIFORM, kam-panin^-form, adj. A term
used of flowers which are in the shape of a bell.
CAMPANULATE, kim-pan^u-late, adj. Campani-
form.
CAMPESTRAL, kam-p£sitral, adj. Growing in
fields.
CAMPHIRE, kam-fir, !>. 140. A kind of resin
produced by a chymical process from the camphirc-
tree.
CAMPHIRE-TREE, kamif ir-tre£, *. The tree from
which camphireis extracted.
CAMPHORATE, kim-fi-rate, arf/. 91. Impregnated
with camphire.
CAMPION, kam'p£-&n, *. 166. A plant.
CAN, kan, *. A cup.
To CAN, k<\n, v. n. To be able, to have power ; it
expresses the potential mood, as, I can do it.
CANAILLE, ka-nali-/ s. The lowest i>eopie.
CANAKIN, kan-i-kln, s. A can ; a small cup.
CANAL, ka-nal/ S. A basin of water in a garden ;
any course of water made by art ; a passage through
which any of the juices of the body flow.
CANAL-COAL. Corrupted into k^n-nll-kole, s. A
fine kind of coal.
CANALICULATED, kanii-llkii!i-la-t£d, adj. Made
like a pipe or gutter.
CANARY, ka-na-r£, t. Wine brought from the
Canaries, sack.
CANARY- BIRD, ka-nair^-b&rd, *. An excellent
singing bird.
To CANCEL, kan-sll, v. n. 99. To cross a writ-
ing; to efface, to obliterate in general.
CANCELLATED, kants£l -la-ted, adj. Cross barred.
CANCELLATION, kan-s£l la-sh&n, s. An expung-
ing or wiping out of an instrument.
CANCER, karAfir, *. 98. A crab-fish ; the sign
of the summer solstice ; a virulent swelling or sore.
To CANCERATE, kanis&r-rate, v. n. 91. To be-
come a cancer.
CANCKRATION, kan-sur-ra'shcin, *. A growing
cancerous.
CANCEROUS, kan-sir-r&s, adj. Having the viru-
lence of a cancer.
CANCEROUSNESS, kan-s&r-r&s-n^s, j. The state
kamMet. s. 99. A kind of stuff ori.
of being cancerous.
CANCRINE, kangikrln, adj. 140. 408. Having
the qualities of a crab.
! CANDENT, kan-d^nt, adj. Hot
ll CANDICANT, kiirfdi-kint, adj. Growing white.
CANDID, kaiAIld,<u//'. White; fair, open, ingenuous.
CANDIDATE, kanWe-date, s. A competitor, on*
] that solicits advancement.
CAN
71
CAP
nir 167, nit lob — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299— pound 313 — tfiln 466 — THis 469.
CANONICALLY, ki-n5n'£-kal 1£, adv. In a man.
nor agreeable to the canon.
CANONICAI.NESS, ka-nin^-kal-n&s, *. Tb«
quality of being canonical.
CANONIST, kaninun nist, s. 166. A professor of
the canon law.
CANONI/ATION, kan-nA-ne-za-shJm, 3. The act
of declaring a saint.
To CANONIZE, kan^no-nlze, v. a. To declare any
one a saint.
CANONRY, kan-un-r£,
CANDIDLY, kan-d1d-l£, adv. Fairly, igermously.
CANDIDNESS, kan-dld-n£s, s. Ingenuousness, open-
ness of temper.
7V) CANDIFY, kinid(^-fl, v. a. To make white.
CANDLE, kail-dl, s. 40.5. A light made of wax or
tallow, surrounding a wick of flax or cotton.
CANDLEBERRY-TREE, kan^dl b£r re-treil, *. A
sp cies of sweet-willow.
CANDLEHOLDER, kan-dl-hold-ur, *. He that
holds the candle.
CANDLELIGHT, kanidl-lite, s. The light of a can-
dle.
CANDLEMAS, kanidl-mus, s. 88. The feast of
the purification of the Blessed Virgin, which was for-
merly celebrated with many lights in churches.
CANDLESTICK, kanWl-stlk, s. The instrument
that holds candles.
CANDLESTUFF, kan-dl-stuf, $. Grease, tallow.
CANDLEWASTER, kan-dl-was-tur, *. A spend-
thrift.
CANDOCK, kan'd?>k, s. A weed that grows in rivers.
CANDOUR, karAliir, s. 314. Sweetness of temper,
purity of mind, ingenuousness.
Ti> CANDY, kanMt*, t>. a. To conserve with sugar ;
to form into congelations.
To CANDY, kln-de, v. n. To grow congealed.
CANE, kane, A. A kind of strong reed ; the plant
which yields the sugar; a lance; a reed.
To CANE, kane, v. a. To beat with a cane or stick.
CANICULAR, ka-nlk-u-Iar, a<(). Belonging to the
dog-star.
CANINE, ka-nlne/ adj. Having the properties of a
dog.
CANISTER, kan-ls-tur. s. 98. A small basket ; a
small vessel in which any thing is laid up.
CANKER, kangikur, s. 409. A worm that preys
upon, and destroys fruits ; a tly that preys upon fruits ;
any thing that corrupts or consumes ; an eating or cor-
roding humour ; corrosion, virulence ; a disease in
tries. 4
To CANKER, kangi-kur, v. n. To grow corrupt.
To CANKER, kangikur, v. a. To corrupt, to cor-
rode; to infect, to pollute.
CANKERBIT, king-kur-blt, part. ado. Bitten with
an envenomed tooth.
CANNABINE, kan-na bine, adj. 149. Hempen.
CANNIBAL, kan-n^-bil, s. A man-eater.
CANNIBALISM, kan-ne-bal-lzm, s. The manners
of a cannibal.
CANMIIALLY, kan-n£-bal-U, adv. In the manner
of a cannibal.
CANNIPERS, kin-n£-purz, s. Callipers.
CANNON, kin-nun, s. 166. A gun larger than can
be managed by the hand.
CANNON-BALL, kan -nun-ba «•],
CANNON-SHOT, kan-nCin-sliot,'
which are shot from great guns.
-To CANNONADE, kAn-mm nAde,' v. a. To play
the great guns ; to attack or batter with cannon.
CANNONIER, kan-nun-net*r,'s. 275. The engineer
that manages the cannon.
CANNOT, kan-n6t, t>. n. of Can and Not. To be
unable.
CANOA, 7 i < »*/
>- kun-noo: s. A boat made by cutting
C ANOE, i
the trunk of a tree into a hollow vessel.
CANON, kan-&n, s. 166. A rule, a law; law-
made by ecclesiastical councils; the lxx>ks of Holy
Scripture, or the great rule; a dignitary in cathedral
churches ; a large sort of printing letter.
CANONESS, kaii-Cm-n£s, s. In Catholic countries,
women living "fter the example of secular canons,
CANONICAL, ka-non-t'-kal, adj. According to the
canon; constituting the canon; regular, stated, fixed
by ecclesiastical laws; spiritual, ecclesiastical.
S. The balls
.1*
!•>•-• i ' f *• An ecclesiastical
CANONSHIP, kan-Qn-ship, \
benefice in some cathedral or collegiate church.
CANOPIED, kan^o-pld, adj. 282. Covered with a
canopy.
CANOPY, kan^i-pi, s. A covering spread over the
head.
To CANOPY, kaniA-pi, v. a. To cover with a
canopy.
CANOROUS, ka-ni^r&s, adj. 51 2. Musical, tuneful.
CANT, kant. s. A corrupt dialect used by beg-
gars and vagabonds ; a form of speaking peculiar to
some certain class or body of men ; a whining preten-
sion to goodness ; barbarous jargon ; auction.
l^> It is scarcely to be credited, that the writer in the
Spectator, signed T. should adopt a derivation of this word
from one A>idiew Cant, a Scotch Presbyterian Minister,
when the Latin cantus, so expressive of the singing of
whining tone of certain preachers, is so obvious an etymo-
logy. The Cant of particular professions is an easy deri-
vation from the same origin, as it means the set phrases,
the routineof professional language, resembling thechim*
of a song. Quaint, from which some derive this word,
is a much less probable etymology.
To CANT, kant, v. n. To talk in the jargon of
particular professions, or in any kind of formal affected
language ; to speak with a particular tone.
To CANT, kant, v. a. To toss or fling away.
CANTATA, kan ta-tA, s. 77. Italian. A song.
CANTATION, kan-ta-sh&n, s. The act of singing.
CANTER, kan-t&r, $. 98. A hypocrite; a shoit
gallop.
CANTHARIDES, kan </jirie-d£z, s. Spanish fliei,
used to raise blisters.
CANTHUS, kan-^Aus, s. The corner of the eye.
CANTICLE, kan-te-kl, s. 405. A song ; the Song
of Solomon.
CANTLE, kan-tl, s- 405 A piece with corners.
GANTLET, kant-l£t, s. 99. A piece, a fragment.
CANTO, kan-tA, s. A book or section of a poem.
CANTON, kan-t&n, s. 166. A small parcel or di.
vision of land; a small community, or clan.
TO CANTON, kanitCin, v. a. To divide into little
parts.
To CANTONIZE, kan-tun-lze, v. a. To parcel out
into small divisions.
CANTONMENT, kan-t6n-rn5nt, s. That distinct si-
tuation, occupied by soldiers, when quartered in va-
rious parts of a town.
CANVASS, kan^vis, s. A kind of cloth woven for
several uses; solicitation upon an election.
To CANVASS, kan-vas, v. a. To sift, to examine ;
to debate, to controvert.
To CANVASS, kan-vas, v. n. To solicit.
CANY, kain£, adj. Full of canes, consisting of
qancs.
CANZONET, kan.zo-n£t,'s. A little song.
CAP, kap, s. The garment that covers the head ;
the ensign of the canlinalate ; the topmast, the high-
est; a reverence made by uncovering the head.
To CAP, kap, v. a. To cover on the top ; to snatch
oft' the rap ; To cap verses, to name alternately verses
beginning with a particular letter.
CAP-A-PIE, kAp-a pe,' adv. From head to foot,
used with the verb Arm.
CAP PAPER, kiip-pa-pCir,i. A sort of coarse brown-
ish paper.
CAP
72
CAR
ft5- 559. Fare 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81— mi 93
CAPABILITY, ka-pA biW-tti, s. Capacity.
CAPABLE, ka-pa-bl, ailj. See Incapable. En-
dued with powers equal to any particular thing ; intelli-
gent, able to understand ; capacious, able to receive ;
susceptible; qualified for ; hollow.
CAPABI.ENESS, ka-pa-bl-n£s, i. The quality or
state of being capable.
CAPACIOUS, ka-pa-sh&s, adj. Wide, large, able to
hold much ; extensive, equal to great designs.
CAPACIOUSNESS, ka-paishas-n£s, *. The power
of holding, largeness.
To CAPACITATE, ki-pasi£-tate, r. a. To enaole,
to qualify.
CAPACITY, ka-pAsW-ti, s. 511. The power of con-
taining; the force or power of the mind : power, abili-
ty ; room, space: sta'e, condition, character.
CAPARISON, ka-par^-sfin, 4. 170. 443. A sort
of cover for a horse.
To CAPARISON, ka-par^-s&n, v. a. To dress in
caparisons ; to dress ixxnpously. ,.
CAPE, kape, *. Headland, promontory ; the neck-
piece of a cloak or coat. •
CAPER, J^a-p&r, s. 98. A leap or jump.
CAPER, kai-pur, s. An acid pickle.
CAPER-BUSH, ka-p&r-bush, s. This plant grows
in the south of France, the buds are pickled for eating.
To CAPER, ka-p&r, v. n. To dance frolicksomely ;
to skip for merriment.
CAPERER, ka-pQr-r&r, *. 555. A dancer.
CAPIAS, ka-p<*-as, s. 88. A writ of two sorts, one
before judgment, called capias ad respondendum : the
, other is a writ of execution, after judgment.
CAPII.LACEOUS, kap-pll-la~shus, adj. The same
. with capillary. ^ >
CAPILLAIRE, kip-pll-lare,' l. Syrup of Maiden-
hair.
CAPILLAMENT, ka-plWa-m£nt, *. Small threads
or hairs which grow up in the midule of a flower.
CAPILLARY, kip-pll-li-re, adj. Resembling hairs,
small, minute. — See Papillary.
CAPILLATION, kap pll-la-sh&n, s. A small raroi-
fication of vessels.
CAPITAL, kapie-tal, adj. 88. Relating to the
head ; criminal in the highest degree ; that which affects
life; chief, principal ; applied to letters, large, such as
are written at the beginning or heads of books ; Capi-
tal Stock, the principal or original stock of a trading
company.
CAPITAL, kipi<J-tal, *. The upper part of a pillar ;
the chief city of a nation.
CAPITALLY, kApie-tal-le, adv. In a capital manner,
so as to affect life, as, capitally convicted.
CAPITATION, kap i-ti-shun, s. Numeration by
heads.
CAPITULAR, ka-pltshiu-lur, *. 88. 463. The
body of the statutes of a chapter ; a member of a chap-
ter.
To CAPITULATE, ka-pltshi& late, v. n. 91. To
draw up any thing in heads or articles ; to yitld or sur-
render on certain stipulations.
CAPITULATION, ka-pitsh-6-lai*hun, *. stipula-
tion, terms, conditions.
CAPIVI THEE, kl-p^vi-trW, s. A balsam tree.
CAPON, kaipn, *. 405. 1 70. A castrated cock.
CAPONNIERE, kap-pon-nWr,' «. A covered lodg-
ment, eneompas.-ed with a little parapet.
CAPOT, ka-p5t,' s. Is when one paity wins all the
tricks of cards at the game of Piquet.
CAPRICE, ka-prWst,' or kap-rWse, *. Freak, fan-
cy, whim.
H& The first manner of pronouncing this word is the
most established ; but the second does not want its pa-
Uoti*. Thus Dr. Young, in his Love of fames
nfer ;
" TU true (Treat fortunes some great
" But often, ei'n in doing ri(>ht the; e
'• Krtim caprice, not from chmce, thei
favour* come;
" The; giTe, but think it toil t
CAPRICIOUS, kl-prlshi&s, adj. Whimsical, fanciful. .
, m3t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 1<M,
CAPRICIOUSLY, ka-prlshifis-M, adv. Whimsically.
CAPIUCIOUSNESS, ka-prishi&s-n^s, *. Huir.our,
whimsicalness.
CAPRICORN, kap£pr£-k6rn, *. One of the signs of
the zodiack, the winter solstice.
CAPRIOLE, kap-re-ole,' *. Caprioles are leaps, such
as horses make in one and the same place, without ad-
vancing forward.
CAPSTAN, kap-stin, *. A cylinder with levers to
wind up any great weight.
CAPSULAR, kap-shu lar, 452. 7 .. .
CAPSL-LARY, kirAhUar-^, J** Hollow Ukt
a chest.
CAPSULATE, k apish &-1 ate, ) ,.
CAPSULATED, kapishUi-t^d, \adJ' Encloscd.«
in a box.
CAPTAIN, kipttln, $. 208. A chief commander;
the commander of a company in a regiment ; the chief
commander of a ship ; Captain General, the general or
commander in chief of an army.
CAPTAINRY, kap-tln-r^, i. The power over a cer-
tain district ; the chieftainship.
CAPTAINSHIP, kapUin-sIilp, s. The rank or post
of a captain ; the condition or post of a chief comman-
der.
CAPTATION, kap-ta^shfin, *. The practice of catch-
ing favour.
CAPTION, kap-shun, s. The act of taking any per-
son.
CAPTIOUS, kap-sh&s, adj. 314. Given to cavils,
eager to object ; insidious, ensnaring.
CAPTIOUSLY, kApishis-M, adv. With an inclina-
tion to object.
CAPTIOUSNESS, kip shfis-n3s, *. Inclination to ob-
ject ; peevishness.
To CAPTIVATE, kap-t^-vate, v. a. To take priso-
ner, to bring into bondage : to charm, to subdue.
CAPTIVATION, kAp-ti-va-shun, s. The act of tak-
ing one captive.
CAPTIVE, kap^tlv, ». 140. One taken in war; one
charmed by beauty.
CAPTIVE, kap^tlv, adj. Made prisoner in war ; in
confinement, imprisoned.
CAPTIVITY, kap-tlv^-ti, ». Subjection by the fat«
of war, bondage; slavery, servitude.
CAPTOR, kap-t&r, s. \ 66. He that takes a priso-
ner, or a prize.
CAPTURE, kar/tshire, *. 461. The act or practice
of taking any thing ; a p ize.
CAPUCHIN, kap 6-slieen,' s. 112. A female gar-
ment, eons sting of a cloak and hood, made in imita-
tion of the diess of capuchin monks.
CAR, kar, s. 78. A small carriage of burden ; a cha-
riot of war.
CARABINE, or CARBINE, kar-blnc,' s. A small
sort of fire-arms. i
£5- Dr. Ash, Bailey, VV. Johnston, Enrick, and Bh-
chanan, accent Carabine on the last syllable, and Dr.
Johnson and Mr. Perry on the first ; whfle Mr. Sheridan,
Dr. Ash, Buchanan, Dr. Johnson, and Bailey, accent
Car bine on the first; but Mr. Scott, Fnt:ck, Perry, and
Kcnrick, more properly on the last. The reason is, that
if we accent Carbine on the first syllable, the last ought,
according to analog)', to have the i short : but as the i is
always long, the accent ought to be on the last syllable.
HO.
CARBINIER, kar-be-ne^r,' s. A sort of light horse-
man.
CARACK, kiu-ak, s- A large ship of burden, gal-
leon.
CARAT, .7 , , ,.
P > kar-at, s. A weight of four grains; •
manner of expressing the fineness of gold.
CARAVAN, kur-a- vat'.,' s. 524. A troop or body ol
merchants or pilgrims.
CARAVANSARY, kar-a vAiAa-re, s. A house built
for the rectpiion of travellers.
CARAWAY, karii-wa, s. A plant.
CAR
73
n3r 167,' nit 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — (Ml 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
CARBONADO, kar-bo-n&dA, s. 92. 77. Meat cut
across, to be broiled.
To CARBONADO, kar-bo-naid6, v. a. To cut or
hack. — See Lumbago,
CARBUNCLE, kar-bungk-kl, s. 405. A jewel shin-
ing in the dark ; red s|xit or pimple.
CARBUNCLKD, kar^bfingk-kld, adj. 362. Set
with carbuncles; spotted, deformed with pimples.
CARBUNCULAR, kar-bung£ku-lur, adj. Red like
a carbuncle.
CABBUNCUI.ATION, kar-b&ng-ku-la-sbun, s. The
blasting of young buds by heat or cold.
CARCANET, karika-n£t, s. A chain or collar of
jewels.
CARCASS, kar-kas, 5. 92. A dead boi'y of an ani-
mal; the decayed parts of any thing; the main parts,
without completion or ornament ; in gunnery, a kind
of bomb.
CARCELAGE, kir-sd-lldje, «. 90. Prison fees.
CARCINOMA, kar-s£-n6ima, s, A kind of cancer ;
a disease in the eye.
CARD, kard, s. 92. A paper painted with figures,
used in games ; the paper on which the several pohfls
of the compass arc marked under the mariner's needle ;
the instrument with which wool is combed.
To CARD, kard, v, a. To comb wool.
CARDAMOMUM. This word is commonly pro-
nounced kar-di-m&m, 5. A medicinal seed.
CARDER, kar-d&r, s. 98. One that cards wool ;
one that plays much at cards.
CARDIACAL, kar-dUA-kal,
CARDJACK, kar^d^-ak,
the ijuality of invigorating.
CARDINAL, kar'de-nil, adj. 88. Principal, chief.
CARDINAL, kar'd^-nal, s. One of the chief gover-
nors of the church.
CARDINALATE, karid£-na-late,
CARDINALSHIP, kar-d^-nS
and rank cf a cardinal.
CARDMATCH, kard-matsh, s. A match made by
dipping a piece of a card in melted sulphur ; a party at
cards.
CARE, kare, t. Solicitude, anxiety, concern ; cau-
tion; regard, charge, heed in order to preservation ;
the object of care, or of love.
To CARE, kare, v- n. To be anxious or soli-
citous ; to be inclined, to be disposed j to be affected
with.
CARECRAZED, kare^krazd, adj. 359. Broken with
care and solicitude.
To CAREEN, ka-r&n/ v. a. To calk, to stop up
leaks.
CAREER, ka-r££r,' t. The grour.d on which a race
is run; a course, a race; full speed, swift motion;
course of action.
To CAKEEH, ka-rd^r,' v, n. To run with a swift
motion.
CAREFUL, kart-ful, adj. Anxious, solicitous, full
} adj.
Cordial, having
a-late, 7
uJ-slilj), y
S. The office
ot concern; provident, diligent, cautious
ful.
walch-
CAKEFULLY, kartiTul-l£, adv. In a manner that
sliews cave ; heedfully, watchfully.
CAREFULNESS, karc-ful-nds, s. Vigilance, cau-
tion.
CARELESSLY, kare-l£s-te, adv. Negligently, heed-
les^ly.
CARELESSNESS, karcilSs-nSs, t. Heedlessness, in-
attention.
CARELESS, kart-l£s, adj. Without care, without
solicitude, unconcerned, negligent, heedless, unmind-
ful, cheerful, undisturbed, uumovtd by, unconcerned
at.
To CARESS, ka-r£s,' v. a. To endear, to fondle.
CARESS, ka-r£s,' s. An act of endearment.
CARET, ka-rGt, s. A note which shows where some-
thing interlined should be rend, as A
CARGO, kar-g6, s. The lading of a ship.
CARIATIDES, ka-nJ-at^-d^z, s. The Cariatides,
in architecture, are an order of pillars resembling wo-
men.
CARICATURE, kar Ik-a-tslifcre,' j. 461.
Jf^- This word, though not in Johnson, I have not
scrupled to insert, from its frequent and legitimate usage.
Baretti tells us, .that the literal sense of this word is certa
quuntila di munizione ctiesi mctte nell' archihuso o altro ;
.vhicn, in English, signifies the charge of a gun : but its
metaphorical signification, and the only one in which the
English use it, is, as he tells us, dicfiesi anche di ritratto
ridicolo In cui sensi grandemcnte accresciule i diff'etti,
when applied to paintings, chiefly portraits, that height-
ening of some features and lowering of others, which we
call in English overcharging, and which will make a very
ugly picture, not unlike a handsome person : « hence any
exaggerated character, which is redundant in some of in
parts, and defective in others, is called a Caricature.
CARIES, ka^rtUz, 99. ?
i > i r n. A.\ ts- Rottenness.
CARIOSITY, ki.rd-o**4-w,y
CARIOUS, ka-re-&s, adj. 314. Rotten.
CARK, kark, s. Care, anxiety.
To CARK, kark, v. n. To be careful, to be anxious.
CARLE, karl, s. A rude, brutal man, a churl.
CAHI.INE THISTLE, karilinc-^lsisl, & A plant.
CARI.INGS, kar-llngz, s. In a ship, timbers lying
fore and aft.
CARMAN, kar-man, s. 88. A man whose employ.
ment it is to drive ears.
CARMELITE, kar-m£-llte, *. 156. A sort of pear-
one of the order of White Friars.
CARMINATIVE, kar-mlnia-tlv, s. Carminatives
are such things as dispel wind, and promote insensible
perspiration.
CARMINATIVE, kar-mln^a-tiv, adj. 157. Belong.
ing to carminatives.
CARMINE, kar-mlne/ s. A powder of a bright red
or crimson colour.
Jf5- Dr. Johnson, Sheridan, Ash, and Smith, accent
this word on the first syllable; but Mr. Nares, Dr. Ken-
rick, Mr. Scott, Perry, Buchanan, and Entick, more pro-
perly on the last : — f r the reason, See Carbine.
CARNAGE, kar^nldje, s. 90. Slaughter, havock ;
heaps of flesh.
CARNAL, kar-nil, adj. 88. Fleshly, not spiritual ;
lustful, lecherous.
CARNALITY, kar-nal-£-td, *. Fleshly lust; gioss-
ness of mind.
CARNALLY, karinal-li, adv. According to the flesh,
not spiritually.
CARNALNESS, kar£nal-n£s, s. Carnality.
CARNATION, kar-naishun, j. The name of the
natural flesh colour.
CAHNELION, kar-n&eiyfin, t. 113. A precious
stone, more commonly written and pronounced Cor-
nelian,
CARNEOUS, kar-n^-fis, adj. Fleshy.
To CARNIFY, karind-fl, v. n. To breed flesh.
CARNIVAL, karine-vil, s. The feast held in Ro-
man Caiholick countries before Lent.
CARNIVOROUS, kar-nlviv6-rus, adj. 518. Flesh.
eating.
CARNOSITY, kar-n&sis£-t£, j. Fleshy excrescence.
CARNOUS, kar-nus, adj. 314. Fleshy.
CAROB, ka-r&li, *. A plant.
CAROL, kar'ru), i. 166. A song of joy and cxuU
tation ; a sonp; of devotion.
To CAROL, kir-rul, v. n. To sing, to warble.
To CAROL, kar-rul, v. a. To praise, to celebrate.
CAROTID, ka-r&t-Sd, s. Two arteties which arise
out of the trunk of the aorta.
CAROUSAL, ka-roui-zal, s. 88. A festival.
To CAROUSE, ka rSuz/ t). n. To drink, to quaff.
To CAROUSE, ka rSuz,' v. a. To drink.
CAROUSER, ka-rou-z&r, s. 98. A drinker, a topet
CARP, karp, s. A pond fish.
To CARP, karp, v. n. To censure, to cavil.
CAR
74
CAS
i^ 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81— m^ 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — rA 162, rr.ove 164,
CARPENTER, karip£n-tfir, s. 98. An artificer in
CARPENTRY, kar-p£n-tr^, s. The trade of a car-
penter.
CARPER, karip&r, 98. A caviller.
CARPET, kar-pit, s. 99. A covering of various co-
lours; ground variegated with flowers; to be on the
carjiet, is to be the subject of consideration.
To CARPET, kar-pit, v. n. To spread with car-
pets.
CARPING, kiriplng, jiart. adj. 410. Captious,
censorious.
CARPINGLY, kariplng-l£, adv. Captiously, censo-
riously.
CARRIAGE, kar-rldje, *. 90. The act of carrying
or transporting; vehicle; the frame upon which can-
non is carried; behaviour, conduct, management.
CARRIER, kari-reUur, s. One who carries something;
one whose trade is to carry goods ; a messenger ; a spe-
cies of pigeons.
CARRION, kar-r£-&n, s. 166. The carcass of some-
thing not prrper for food ; a name of reproach for a
worthless woman ; any flesh so corrupted as not to be
fit for food.
CARRION, karireV&n, ailj. Relating to carcases.
CARROT, kar-rut, *. 166. A garden root.
CARROTINESS, kirir&t-i-n&s, s. Hedness of hair.
CARROTY, kar-rQt-^, adj. Spoken of red hair.
To CARRY, kar-r£, v. a. To convey from a place ;
to bear, to have about one ; to convey by force ; to ef-
fect any thing ; to behave, to conduct ; to bring for-
ward; to imply, to import ; to fetch and bring, as dogs :
To carry off, to kill ; To carry en, to promote, to help
forward : To carry through, to support to the last.
To CARRY, karW, v. n. A horse is said to carry
well, when his neck is arched, and he holds his head
high.
CART, kart, s. 92. A wheel-carriage, used com-
monly for lugpage ; the vehicle in which criminals are
carried to execution.
To CART, kart, v. a. To expose in a cart.
To CART, kart, v. n. To use carts for carriage.
CAUT HORSE, kart-horse, *. A coarse unwieldy
horse.
CART-LOAD, kart-lode,' *. A quantity of any thing
piled on a cart ; a quantity sufficient to lead a cait-
CARTWAY, kartiwa, s. A way through which a
carriage may conveniently travel.
CART BLANCHE, kart-blansh,' s. A blank paper,
a paper to be filled up with such conditions as the per-
son to whom it is sent thinks proper.
CARTEL, kar-t£l/ s. A writing containing stipula-
tions.
CARTER, karti&r, s. 98. The man who drives a
cart.
CARTILAGE, kar^-lidje, $. 90. A smooth and
solid body, softer than a bone, biit harder than a liga-
ment, without cavities for marrow, or nerves for sen-
sation.
CARTILAGINOUS, karitA la-jlnA&s, 113.? .
CARTILAGINOUS, kaKte-ladjeie-nis, 314. $ aj'
Consisting of cartilages.
CARTOON, kar-t66n/ «. A painting or drawing
upon large paper.
CARTOUCH, kar-t56tsh,' s. A case of wood three
inches thick at the bottom, holding balls. It is fired
out of a hobit or small mortar.
CARTRAGE, I, , , , ..
CARTRIDGE, ^kiritrIdJ*. *• 90. A case of paper
or parchment filled with gunpowder, used for the
greater expedition in charging guns.
CARTRUT, kartir&t, «. The track made by a cart
wheel.
CARTULARY, karitshi-li-r^, s. 461. A place
where papers are kept.
CARTWRiGHT,^kartirlte, s. A maker of carts.
7*0 CAKVE, karv, v. a. To cut wood, or stone; to
cut meat at I he table ; to engrave ; to choose one's own
part.
To CARVE, karv, r. n. To exercise the trade of a
sculptor; to pcrfoun at table the office of suppljing
the company.
CARVER, kar^vfrr, s. 98. A sculptor ; he that cuti
up the meat at the table ; he that chonses for himself.
CARVING, kar-vlng, s. 410. Sculpture, figures
carved.
CARL-NCI.E, kar-unk-kl, s. 405. 81. A small
protuberance of f!e>h.
CARYATIDES, ka-re-at^-dez, s. In architecture,
an order of columns or pilasters, under the figures irf
women, dressed in long robes, serving to support enta-
blature*.
CASCADE, kas kade,' $. A cataract, a watcr-fal!.
CASE, kase, s. A covering, a box, a sheath ; the
outer part of a house ; a building unfurnished.
CASE-KNIFE, kastinife, s. A large kitchen knife.
CASE-SHOT, kase-shot, s. Bullets enclosed in a case.
CASE, kase, s. Condition with regard to outward
circumstances ; state of things ; in physick, state of
the body ; condition with regard to leanness, or health ;
contingence; question relating to particular persons or
things ; representation of any question or state of the
body, mind, or affairs ; the variation of nouns ; In case,
if it should happen.
To CASE, kase, v. a- To put in a ca.:e or cover ;
to cover as a ease ; to strip off the covering.
To CASEHARDEN, kase-har-dn, v. a. To harden
on the outside.
CASEMATE, kaseimate, s. A kind of vault or arch
of stone-work.
CASEMENT, kaze-m^nt, «. A window opening upon
hinges.
CASEWORM, kase-wfrrm, s. A grub that makes iu
self a case.
CASH, kash, s. Money, ready money.
CASH -KEEPER, kashi-ke^p-ftr, s. A man entrusted
with the money.
CASHEWNUT, ka-sh66inut, s. A tree.
CASHIER, ki-she^r,' s. 275. He that has cSarge of
the money.
To CASHIER, ki-sh&r/ v. a. To discard, to dis-
miss from a post.
CASK, kask, s. A barrel.
CASQUE, kask, s. 415. A helmet, armour for the
head.
CASKET, kas-klt, s. 99. A small box or chest for
jewels.
To CASSATE, kas'sate, v. a. 91. To vacate, to in-
validate.
CASSATION, kas-sa^sh&n, s. A making null or void.
CASSAVI, kasisa-vi,
CASSADA, kas^sa-da,
CASSIA, kash-sh^-a, s. A sweet spice mentioned by
Moses. 'I he name of a tree.
CASSIOWARY, kashishe-6-wa-r£, *. A large bird
of prey.
CASSOCK, kasis&k, s. 1 66. A close garment ; ge
nerally applied to that which clergymen wear under
their gowns.
CASSWEKD, kasiw^^d, s. Shepherd's pouch.
To CAST, kast, r. a. 79. To throw with the hand ;
to throw away, as useless or noxious; to throw dice, or
lots; to throw in wrestling; to throw a net or snare;
to drive bv violence of weather; to leave behind in a
race ; to shed, to let fall, to moult ; to lay aside, as fit
to be worn no longer ; to overwcigh, to make to pre-
ponderate, to decide by overbalancing; to compute, to
reckon, to calculate; to contri%'C, to plan out; to fix
the parts in a play ; to direct the eye ; to form a mould ;
to model, to form; To cast away, to shipwreck; to
waste in profusion ; to ruin; To cast down, to deject,
to depress the mind ; To cast off, to discard, to disbur-
den one's self ; to leave behind; To oast out, to turn
out of doors; to vent, to s.]>eak ; To cast up, to com-
pute, to calculate; to vomit.
To CAST, kast, v. n. 92. To contrive, to turn tb«
S. An American plant.
CAT
75
CAT
nSr 167, nit 163— t&be 171, tub 172, bull 173—511 299— p5und 313— (Ain 466— THIS 469.
thoughts to ; to admit of a form by casting or melting ; ATAI.OGUE, kat-i-15g, s. 338. An enumeration
to warp, to grow out of form.
fierce
Constable of
CAST, kist, s. The act of casting or throwing, a
throw ; state of any thing cast or thrown ; a stroke, a
touch ; motion of the eye ; the throw oi dice ; chance
from the cast of dice ; a mould, a form ; a shade, or
tendency to any co'our; exterior appearance ; manner,
air, mien ; a fl'ight of hawks.
CASTANET, kasUa-n£t, s- Small shells of ivory, or
hard wood which dancers rattle in their hands.
CASTAWAY, kast-a-wa, s. A person lost, or aban-
doned by Providence
CASTELI.IN, kas-t^Klln, ? f
CASTELLAIN, kas-t£l-lane, J
castle.
CASTER, kas-tur, s. A thrower, he that casts ; a
calculator, a man that calculates fortunes.
To CASTIGATE, kas-t^-gate, v. a. 91. TO chas
tise, to chasten, to punish.
CASTIGATION, kls-t^-ga-shun, *. Penance, dis-
cipline; punishment, correction ; emendation.
CASTIGATORY, kas^-ga-tur-**, adj. 512. Pu
nitive.
CASTILE SOAP, kas-t££l-sope, s. A kind of soap.
CASTING-NET, kas-tlng-n£t, s. A net to be
thrown into the water by hand to catch fish.
CASTLE, kasi-sl, s. 472. A house fortified : Cas
ties in the air, projects without reality.
CASTLED, kas^sld, adj. 405. 472. Furnished with
castles.
CASTLING, kast-llng, S. An abortive.
CASTOR, kisi-tur, s. 98. A beaver.
CASTOREUM, kas-ti-r^-um, s. In pharmacy, a li
quid matter enclosed in bags or purses, near the anu
of the castor, falsely taken lor his testicles.
CASTRAMETATION, kas-tra-m£ ta-shun, s. Th
art or practice of encamping.
To CASTRATE, kisitrate, ». a. To geld ; to tak
away the obscene parts of a writing.
CASTRATION, kas-tra-shun, s. The act of gelding
CASTERIL, I kjsitr|lj $ 99> A mean or degener
CASTREL,
ate kind of hawk.
CASTRENSIAN, kas-tr£nishd-an, adj. Belongin
to a camp.
CASUAL, kazhiu-al, adj. 451. 453. ' Accidenta
aiising from chance.
CASUALLY, k&zh-u-al-l£, adv. Accidentally, with
out design.
CASUALNESS, kazh^u-al-n^s, s. Accidentalness.
CASUALTY, kazh^-u-al t«i, s. Accident, a thin
happening by chance.
CASUIST, kazh-u-ist, s. One that studies and settle
cases of conscience.
CASUISTICAL, kazh-U-ls-tt*-kal, adj. Relating
cases of conscience.
CASUISTRY, kazh£.u-ls-tr<*, *. The science of
casuist.
CAT, kat, s. A domestick animal that catches mic
reckoned the lowest of the leonine genus.
CAT, kat, s. A sort of ship.
CAT-O'-NINE-TAII.S, kat-a-nlne-talz, s. 88.
whip with nine lashes.
CATACHRESIS, kat-a-kr£-sls, 520. The abuse
a trope, when the words are too far wrested from the
native signification; as, a voice beautiful to the ear.
CATACHRESTICAL, kat-a-kr£s-te-kal, adj. For
ed, far-fetched.
CATACLYSM, kat-iL-kllzm, s. A deluge, an inu
dation.
CATACOMBS, kJt-a-kimz, j. Subterraneous cav
ties for the burial of the dead.
CATALECTICK, kat-a-l£k-tik, adj. in Poetr
wanting a syllable.
CATALEPSIS, kat-£-l£p-s!s, s. A disease where
the patient is without sense, and remains in the sai
pouuie iu which the disease seized him.
of particulars, a list.
ATAMOUNTAIN, kat-a-m5un-tln, s.
animal resembling a eat.
ATAPHRACT, kaf-a-frakt, s. A horseman in com-
plete armour.
ATAPLASM, katia-plazm, s. A poultice.
ATAPULT, kat^a-puk, s. 489. An engine used
anciently to throw stones.
ATARACT, kat-a-rikt, s. A fall of water from on
high, a cascade.
IATARACT, kat-a-rakt, s. An inspissation of the
crystalline humour of the eye ; sometimes a pellicle
that hinders the sight.
CATARRH, ka-tar,' s. A deduction of a sharp se-
rum from the glands about the head and throat.
:ATARRHAL, ^tfcttl, 7 R ^ ^
ATARRHOUS, ka-tap-rus, \
catarrh, proceeding from a cafarrh.
CATASTROPHE, ka-tAs-tro K, s. The change or
revolution which produces the conclusion or final e-
vent of a dramatick piece ; a final event, generally un-
happy.
lATCAL, kat-kall, 406. A squeaking instrument,
used in the playhouse to condemn plays.
K5- This word ought undoubtedly to be written with
ouble /. — See Principles of Pronunciation, letter L, and
ntroduction to Uhyming Dictionary, Orthographical
Aphorism xii.
To CATCH, katsh, v. a. 89. To lay hold on with
the hand ; to stop any thing flying ; to seize any thing
by pursuit; to stop, to intercept falling ; to ensnare, to
entangle in a snare; to receive suddenly; to fasten
suddenly upon, to seize; to please, to seize the affec-
tions, to charm ; to receive any contagion or disease.
JC^ This word is almost universally pronounced in th»
capital like the noun ketch : but this deviation from the
rue sound of a is only tolerable in colloquial pronuncia-
ion, and ought, by correct speakers, to be avoided even
n that.
To CATCH, katsh, v. n. To be contagious, to
spread infection.
CATCH, katsh, s. Seizure, the act of seizing; the
act of taking quickly; a song sung in succession;
watch ; the posture of seizing ; an advantage taken,
hold laid on ; the thing caught, profit ; a short interval
of action ; a taint, a slight contagion ; any thing that
catches, as a hook; a small swift-sailing ship.
CATCHER, katsh-ur, j. He that catches ; that in
which any thing is caught
CATCHFLY, katsh-fli, s. A plant, a species of cam.
pion.
CATCHPOLL, katsWpile, s. A sergeant, a bum-
bailiff.
CATCHWORD, katshiwurd, s. Trie word at the
corner of the page under the last line, which is repeated
at the top of the next page.
CATECHETICAL. kat-<i-k«k-ti-kal, adj. Consisting
of questions and answers.
CATECHETJCALLY, kit-e k<h'£-kal-£, adv. In
the way of questions and answers.
To CATECHISE, katW klze, v. a. 160. To In-
struct by asking questions ; to question ; to interrogate,
to examine.
CATECHISER, katA4-ki-zur, s. 160. One who
catechises.
CATECHISM, kut^-klzm, «. A form of instruction
by means of questions and answers concerning religion.
CATECHIST, kat-^-klst, 5. One whose charge is to
question the uninstructed concerning religion.
CATECHUMEN, kat-<^-ku-m£n, s. 503. One who
is yet in the first rudiments of Christianity.
CATECHUMENICAL, kat e-ku -mdn'^-k&l, adj.
509. Belonging to the catechumens.
CATEGORICAL, kat-e-g&r-^-kal, adj. Absolute,
adequate, positive.
CATEGORICALLY, kut-d-gSr^-kal 6, adv. Po-
sitively, expressly.
CATEGORY, kat-^-gSr-^, s. A class, a rank, an
order of ideas, predicament.
CAT 76 CAU
$5- 559. Fate 73, fAr77, fall 83, fit 81 — me 93, met 35— pine 105, pin 1O7— no 162, move 164,
CATENARIAN, kat-e-na-re-in, adj. Relating to a
chain.
To CATENATE, kat^e-nate, v. a. To chain.
CATENATION, kat-e-nai«hun, *. Link, regular
connexion.
To CATER, ka-tfir, v. n. 98. To provide food, to
buy in victuals.
CATER,, ka-tuf, ». The four of cards and dice.
CATER-COUSIN, ka-tiir-kuz-zn, s. A petty favour-
ite, one related by blood or mind.
CATERER, ka-tur-ur, s. A purveyor.
CATER ESS, ka-tur-res, *. A woman employed to
provide victuals.
CATERPILLAR, kat-tur-pll-l&r, *. A worm sus-
tained by leaves and fruits ; a plant.
To CATERWAUL, kat-tur-wawl, r. n. To make a
noise as cats in rutting time ; to make an offensive or
odious noise.
GATES, kates, *. Viands, food, dish of meat.
CATFISH, kit-fish, *. A sea-fish in the West In-
dies.
CATGUT, katig&t, s. A kind of cord or gut of
which fiddle strings are made ; a kind of canvass for
ladies' work.
J£^- Either I have been misinformed, or fiddle strings
are made in Italy of the guts of goats, and therefore ought
properly to be called goatfrut.
CATHARTICAL, ka-Marite-kal,
CATHARTICS, ka-Mar-tlk,
Purgative.
CATHAKTICK, ka-//<aritlk, s. 509. A medicine to
purge downward.
CATHARTICALNESS, ka-</*ar-t£-kal-n£s, «. Purg-
ing quality.
CATHEAD, kitih&d, s. In a ship, a piece of timber
with two shivers at one end, having a rope and a block ;
a kind of fossile.
CATHEDRAL, ki-fAe^dril, adj. Episcopal, con-
taining the see of a bishop ; belonging to an episcopal
church.
CATHEDRAL, ka-/A«&lral, i. 88. The head church
of a diocese.
CATHERINE-PEAR, kA/A-ur-rin-pare,' s. An infe-
rior kind of pear.
Jp5> This proper name ought to be written with an a
in the second syllable instead of e, as it comes from the
Greek Kaflajoj, signifying pur e.
CATHETER, ksU/i^-tur, s. 98. A hollowand eomR-
\vhat crooked instrument to thrust into the bladder, to
assist in bringing away the urine when the passage is
stopped.
CATHOLES, kadholz, s. In a ship, two little holes
astern above the gun-room ports.
CATHOLICISM, ka-*AiW-sizm, s. Adherence to
the Catholick church.
CATHOLJCK, kaM^o-Hk, adj. Universal or general :
used sometimes for true in opposition to heretical.
CATHOLICON, ka-*A6W-kon, *. An universal
medicine.
CATKINS, katiklnz, *. Imperfect fiowers hanging
from tn.es, in manner of a rope or cat's tail.
CATLING, kittling, s. A dismembering knife, used
by surgeons; catgut, fiddle string.
CATMINT, kat-mlnt, *. A plant
CATOPTRICAL, kat-op^-tre-kal, adj. Relating to
catoptricks, or vision by reflection.
CATOPTRICKS, kat-opitrlks, s. That part of opticks
which tieats of vision by reflection.
CATPIPE, kat-plpe, s. CatcaL.
CAT'S-EYE, kaWl, s. A stone,
CAT'S-FOOT, kats-fut, s. Alehoof.
CAT'S-HEAD, kaisMi£d, *. A kind of apple.
CATSILVER, kat-s'U-vur, s. 98. A kind of fossile.
CAT'S TAIL, kats^-tale, c. A long round substance
that grows upon nut tre s> ; a kind of reed
CATSUP, universally pronounced katsh^up, *.
A kind of pickle.
CATTLE, kat-tl, *. 405. Beasts of pasture, not wild
nor domestick.
CAVALCADE, kav^al-kade,' t. 524. A procession
on horseback.
CAVALIER, kav-i-leer,' «. 275. A horseman, a
knight ; a gay, sprightly, military man ; the appella-
tion of the party of King' Charles the First
CAVALIER, kav-a-lder,' adj. Gay, sprightly, wax-
like ; generous, brave ; disdainful, haughty.
CAVALIERLY, kav-a-ldeKle, adv. Haughtily, ar-
rogantly, disdainfully.
CAVALRY, kaviil-re, s. Horse troops.
To CAVATE, ka-vate, v. a. To hollow.
CAVAZION, ka-va-zhun, *. The hollowing of the
earth for cellarage.
CAUDLE, kawidl, *. 405. A mixture of wine and
other ingredients, given to women in childbed.
CAVE, kave, s. A cavern, a den ; a hollow, any
hollow place.
CAVEAT, ka-v£-at, *. A caveat is an intimation
given to some ordinary or eccle*ia.--tiaal judge, no.ify-
mg to him, that he ought to beware how he acts,
CAVERN, kav-urn, *. 555. A hollow place in tb«
ground.
CAVERNED, kavi&rnd, adj. 362. Full of caverns,
hollow, excavated ; inhabiting a cavern.
CAVERNOUS, kav-ur-nus, adj. 557. Full of cav-
erns.
CAVESSON, kavi&-sfrn, s. 98. A sort of noseband
for a horse.
CAUF, kawf, s. A chest with holes, to keep fisn
alive in the water.
CAUGHT, kawt, 213. 393. Part pass, from To
catch.
CAVIARE, ka-vt^r/ s. The eggs of a sturgeon salt-
ed.
{£5^ Either the spelling or the pronunciation of this
word should be altered : we have no instance in the lan-
guage of sounding are, ere: the ancient spelling seems to
have been Caviare; though Buchanan and Bailey, in
compliance with the pronunciation, ?sj>ejl it Cavetr ; and
W. Johnston, Cavear; and Ash, as a less usual spelling,
CatAcr; but the Dictionary De la Crusca spells itCaviate.
To CAVIL, kiv-Il, v. n. 159. To raise captiou*
and frivolous objections.
To CAVIL, kav-11, v. a. To receive or treat with
objections.
CAVIL, kavill, s. A false or frivolous objection.
CAVILLATION, kav-ll-la-shun, s. The disposition
to make captious objections.
CAVILLER, kavivil-ur, s. An unfair adversary, a
captious disputant
CAVILLINGLY, kav-il-llng-li, adv. In a cavilling
manner.
CAVILLOUS, kav-vll-l&s, adj. Full of objections. ^
CAVITY, kav^e-t^, s. 511. Hollowness, hollow.
CAUK, kawk, s. A coarse talky spar.
CAUL, kavvl, s. The net in whiah women cnclosa
their hair, the hinder part of a woman's cap ; any kind
of small net ; the integument in which the guts are en-
closed ; a thin membrane enclosing the head of some
children when Lorn.
CAULIFEROUS, kaw-H£fe-rus, adj. A term for
such plants as have a true stalk.
CAULIFLOWER, k&l-le-flSu-ur, s. A species of cab-
bage.
CAUSABLE, kaw^za-bl, adj. 405. That which may
be caused.
CAUSAL, kaw-zal, adj. Relating to causes.
CAUSALITY, kaw-zalni-ti, s. The agency of a
cause, the quality of causing.
CAUSATION, kaw-za-shua, s. The act or power of
causing.
CAUSATIVE, kaw-za tlv, adj. 157. That expresses
a cause or reason.
CAUSATOR, kaw-za^tur s. 521. 98. _A caueer, MI
author.
CED
77
CEN
n'r 167, nit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—511 299 — pound 313— ///in 466 — THIS 469.
CAUSE, klvwz, s. That which produces or effects any To CEIL, sele, v. a. To cover the inner roof of •
thing, the efficient; the reason, motive to auy thing; building.
' CEILING, staling, s. The inner roof.
CELANDINE, s£l-an-dlne, s. 149. A plant.
CELATURE, s£l-a tsh&re, J. 461. The art of en-
graving.
To CELEBRATE, s&Ule-brate, v. a. 91. To praise,
to commend ; to distinguish by solemn rites ; to men-
tion in a set or solemn manner.
CELEBIIATION, s£l-d-bra-shun, s. Solemn per-
formance, solemn remembrance ; praise, renown, me-
morial.
CELEBRIOUS, sd-W-bre-us, adj. 505. Famous, re-
subject of litipation ; party.
To CAUSE, kawz, v. a. To effect as an agent.
CAUSELESSLY, kawzil&s-ld, adv. Without cause,
without reason.
CAUSELESS, kawz-l&s, adj. Original to itself; with-
out just ground or motive.
CAUSER, ka\v-zur, s. 98. He that causes, the agent
by which an effect is produced.
CAUSEY, kaw-ze,
aftwbt, \
{, kawz-wa, j
s. A way raised and pav-
CAUSEWAY
ed above the rest of the ground.
Jt^;- Dr. Johnson tells us, that this word, by a false no-
•J^' _ .. , i . ... .. .
tmn of its etyn
inolopy, has been lately written causeway. ! CELEBRIOUSLY
It is ilerived'from the French chaui,s'ee. In the scripture ,
adv. In a fa-
we find it written causey.
" To Shuppim the lot came forth
CELEBIUOUSNESS, s£-l^br£.u.s-n&, s. Renown,
fame.
But Milton, Dryden, and Pope, write it causeway: and ! CELEBRITY, sd- llbibrd-t^, s. 511. Celebration,
thes? authorities seem to have fixed the pronunciation. | fame.
This wont, from its mistaken etymology, may rank with CELERIACK, se-leire-ak, s. Turnip rooted celery.
Lantern, — which see.
CAUSTICAL, kawsite-kal,
CAUSTICK, kaws^tik,
Belonging to me.
dicaments which, by their violent activity and heat,
destroy the texture of the part to which they are applied,
and burn it into an eschar.
CAUSTICK, kaws-tlk, s. A caustick or burning ap-
plication.
CAUTEL, kaw^t^l, s. Caution, scruple.
CAUTELOUS, kaw-t^-lus, atlj. Cautious, wary;
«iiy, cunning.
CAUTELOUSLY, kawitd-l&s-ld, adv. Cunningly,
slily, cautiously, warily.
CAUTERIZATION, kaw-tur-rd-zaishun, s. The
act of burning with hot irons.
To CAUTERIZE, kawi-tur-ize, v. a. To burn with
. the cautery.
CAUTERY, kawitur-r^, s. 555. Cautery is either
actual or potential; the first is burning by a hot iron,
and the latter wkh caustick medicines.
CAUTION, kawiih&n, *. Prudence, foresight, wari-
ness; provisionary precept; warning.
To CAUTION, kaw-shin, v. a. To warn, to give
notice of a danger.
CAUTIONARY, kaw£shun-4-r£, adj. Given as a
pledge, or in security.
CAUTIOUS, kawishfrs, adj. 292. Wary, watchful.
CAUTIOUSLY, kaw-shus-le, adv. In a wary atten-
tive manner.
CAUTIOUSNESS, ka\vishus-n&, j. Watchfulness,
vigilance, circumspection.
To CAW, kiw, v.n. To cry as the rook, crow or raven.
CAYMAN, ka-man, *. 88. The American alligator
or crocodile.
To CEASE, s£se, v. n. To leave off, to stop, to
give over ; to fail, to be extinct ; to be at an end.
To CEASE, s£se, v. a. To put a stop to.
CEASE, st*se, *. Extinction, failure. Obsolete.
CEASELESS, s^se-l£s, adj. Incessant, perpetual,
continual.
CECITY, s£s^-t<J, i. 503. Blindness, privation of
sight.
j£V- I have given the e in the first syllable of this word
thesnort sound, notwithstanding the diphthong in the o-
riginal c&citai; being convinced of the shortening |>ower
of the antepenultimate accent of these words, 124. 511.
and of the pre-antepenultimate accent of Cenatory and
Prefatory.
CECUTIENCY, s£-ku£sh£-£n-sd, *. Cloudiness or
dimness of sight.
CEDAR, s&dur, *. 88. A tree ; the wood of the
cedar tree-
To CEDE, sede, v. a. To yield ; to resign ; to give
up to another.
CEDRINE, s&drine, adj. 140. Of or belonging to
the cedar tree.
CELERITY, s£-l£r-re-te, s. Swiftness, speed, velo-
city.
CELERY, s£K£r-r£, s. A species of parsley : cor-
ruptly pronounced Salary.
CELESTIAL, sd-l&-tshal, adj. 272. Heavenly, re-
lating to the superior regions; heavenly, relating to
the blessed state ; heavenly, with respect to excel-
lence.
CELESTIAL, s£-l§s^tshal, *. 464. An inhabitant of
heaven.
CELESTIALLY, s£-l£s'tshal-l£, adv. In a heaven-
ly manner.
To CELESTIFY, s£-l!s£t£-fl, v. a. To give some-
thing of a heavenly nature to any thing.
CELIACK, s^li-ak, adj. Relating to the lower
belly.
/-• ' 'S3,/r, " ' , r S- Single life.
CELIBATE, sel^e-bat, 91. j
CELL, s£ll, & A small cavity or hollow place ; the
cave or little habitation of a religious person ; a small
and close apartment in a prison; any small place or re-
sidence.
CELLAR, s£l-lur, «. 88. A place under ground,
where stores are reposited, or where liquors are kept.
CELLARAGE, s£Mur-ldje, s. 90. The part of the
building which makes the cellars.
CELLARIST, s£l-lur-ist, s. 555. The butler in a
religious house.
CELLULAR, s£l-l&-lar, adj. Consisting of little cells
or cavities.
CELSITUDE, s£Ks^-t6de, s. Height.
CEMENT, s£nrAn£nt, s. 492. The matter with
which two bodies are made to cohere; bond of union
in friendship.
To CEMENT, s£-m£nt,' v. a. To unite by means
of something interposed.
To CEMENT, si-nuhit,' v. n. To come into con-
junction, to cohere.
CEMENTATION, s£m-£n-ta-sh&n, t. The act of
cementing.
CEMETERY, s£minrui-t£r-d, i. A place where the
dead are reposited.
CENATORY, s£nii
to supjier.— See Cecity,
tur-4 *. 5O5. 512. Relating
CENOBITICAL, s£n-ni bltW-kil, adj. 503. Liv-
ing in community.
CENOTAPH, s£nii-taf, t. A monument for one
elsewhere buried.
CENSE, s£nse, s. Public rates.
To CENSE, sdnse, v. a. To perfume with odours.
CENSER, S^nis&r, s. 98. The pan in which incense
is burned.
CENSOR, s^nisir, *. 1 66. An officer of Rome whf
had the power of correcting manners; one who i» girt*
to censure.
o
CEN
78
CES
5.59. FAte 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, met 95— pine 105, pin IO7— nA 1 62, m5ve 1 64,
CF.NSORIAN, s5n so-n*-an, atlj. Relating to the
ecr-sor.
CENSORIOUS, s^n-si^ri us, adj. Addicted tocen.
sure, severe.
CENSORIOUSLY, s£n-so£re-as-le, adv. In a se-
vere reflecting manner.
CENSORIOUSNESS, s£n-si>^r£-&s-nes, s. Disposition
to reproach. ^
CENSORSHIP, s^n^sir-ship, .1. 166. The office of a
censor.
CENSURABLE, s&nishi-ra-bl, adj. Worthy of cen-
sure, culpable.
CENSURABLENESS, s£n£sh&-ra-bl-nes, s Biame-
ableness.
CENSURE, s3n-shfrre, *. 452. Blame, reprimand,
reproach; judgment, opinion; judicial sentence; spi-
ritual punishment.
To CENSURE, s£n£shftre, r. a. To blame, to brand
publickly ; to condemn.
CENSURER, s6nishrar-6r, s. He that blames.
CENT, s£nt, J. A hundred, as, fire per cent. ; that
is, fire in the hundred.
CENTAUR, s&n-tawr, s. A poetical being, suppos-
ed to be compounded of a man and a horse; the archer
in the zodiack.
CF.NTAURY, s&n-taw-r£, s. A plant.
CENTENARY, sln-ti-na-rA, s. The number of a
hundred.
CENTENNIAL, s&i-t£n-n£-al, atlj. Consisting of
a hundred years.
CENTESIMAL, s^n-tls^-mal, adj. 88. Hundredth.
CENTIFOLIOUS, s£n-t£-f(Wi5-fis, adj. Having an
hundred leaves.
CENTIPEDE, s!n-te-p£d, s. A poisonous insect, so
called from its being supposed to have an hundred feet.
%j~ Biped ami Quadruped are spelled in Johnson with-
outthe final e ; while Solipede, Palmipede, Ptumtpede,
Multipedf, and Centipede, retain it. The orthography in
these wonts is of importance to the pronunciation, and
therefore, as they are 9f perfectly similar original, their
spelling and pronunciation ought certainly to be alike.
Biped and Quadruped are the words most in use ; and as
they have omitted the final e, which there does not seem
to be any reason to ictain, we may infer that the silent
and insensible operation of custom directs us to do the
same by the other words, and to pronounce the last syl-
lable cf all of them short.— See Millepedes.
CENTO, s5n-tA, «. A composition formed by joining
scraps from different authors.
CENTRAL, s£nitral, adj. 88. Relating to the
centre.
CENTRE, s£nitftr. s. 416. The middle.
To CENTRE, s^n-t&r, v. a. To place on a centre,
to fix as on a centre.
T(\ CENTRE, s£nitur, v. n. To rest on, to repose
on.; to be placed in the midst or centre.
CEVTRICK s^n— trik 7
o A >t \\ *i f °dj- Placed in tli
v-ENTRlCAL, S6n-trlK-ttij y '
centre.
CENTURY, s£n-tshi»-re, 5. 461. A hundred, usu-
a'ly employed to specify time, as, the spcond century.
CKPHAI.ALGY, s£P-a-lal-j(*, *. The head-ache.
CF.PHALICK, s<* fal-llk, adj. 5O9. That is medi-
cinal to the head.
CERASTES, s£-ras-t£z, $. A serpent having horns.
CERATE, s^-rat, s. 91. A medicine made of wax.
CERATED, s<Rra-t£d, adj. Waxed.
To CERE, sere, t>. a. To wax.
CF.REBEL, ser^-b£l, s. 503. Part of the brain.
CERECLOTH, sere^cto//*, *. Cloth smeared over with
glutinous matter.
CEREMENT, sereiment, *. Cloths dipp«i in melted
wax, with which dead bodies were infolded.
CEREMONIAL, s£r-t^-m6-ne-al, adj. Relating to
ceremony, or outward rite ; formal, observant of old
forms.
CEREMONIAL, ser-e-mo^ne-al, s. Outward form,
external rite ; the order for rites and forms in the Ro-
man church.
CEREMONIALNESS, s&r-e-rnoine-al-nfe, ». The
quality of being ceremonial.
CEREMONIOUS, s£r-e-moin£-&s, adj. Consisting
of outward rites; full of ceremony; attentive to the
outward rites of religion ; civil and formal to a fault.
CEREMONIOUSLY, sdr-^-moin^-fis-le, adv. In »
ceremonious manlier, formally-
CEREMONIOUSXESS, s£r-e-m6-ne-frs-n£s, s. Fond
ness of ceremony.
CEREMONY, ser^-mi-n^, s. 489. Outward rite,
external form in religion ; forms of civility ; outward
forms of state.
CERTAIN, s§r-tln, adj. 2O8. Sure, indubitable;
determined; in an indefinite sense, some, as, a certain
man told me this ; undoubting put past doubt.
CERTAINLY, sSr-tln-1^, adv. Indubitably, without
question ; without fail.
CERTAINTY, seritln-t^, s. Exemption from doubt ;
that which is real and fixed.
CERTES, s<$r-t£z, adv. Certainly, in truth.
CERTIFICATE, s&r-tifte-kit, s. 91. A writing
made in any court, to give notice to another court of
any thing done therein ; any testimony...
To CERTIFY, s&r^te-f i, v. a. To give certain in-
formation of; to give certain assurance of.
CERTIORARI, s^r-she-6-ra-rl, j. A writ issuing
out of the Clwncery, to call up the records of a cause
therein depending.
CERTITUDE, s&r-te-tude, J. Certainty, freedom
from doubt.
CERVICAL, sirive kill, adj. Belonging to the neck.
CERULEAN, se rii-le-an, 7 .•
CERULEOUS, s^-ru-l^-is, 5 ^"
BJue, sky-colour-
or makes a different shade of meaning betweecn words
where no such difference was perceived at first.
CENTRIFUGAL, s&n-trlMi gil, adj. Having the
quality acquired by bodies in motion, of receding from
the centre.
CENTRIPETAL, s^n-trlp^-til, adj. Having a ten-
dency to the centre.
GENTRY, s§n-tr£, s. — See Sentinel.
CENTUPLE, s&nith-pl, adj. 405. A hundredfold.
To CENTUPLICATE, s£n-tu-pl£-kate, v. a. To
make a hundredfold.
To CENTURIATE, s£n-th-r£-ate, v. a. To divide
into hundreds.
CENTURIATOR, s?n-ti-r^-ait&r, j. 521. A name
given to historians, who distinguish times by centuries.
CENTURION, s^n-tu're-un, 5. A military officer,
•bo commanded a hundred men among the Romans.
cd. — See European.
CERULIFICK, s&r-i-llPik, adj. Having the power
to produce a blue colour.
CERUMEN, s^-rii-men, s. The wax of the ear
See Bitumen.
CERUSE, s^-rilse, s. White lead.
J(^> I prefer Dr. Kenripk's, Mr. Perry's, and, as far as
I can guess by their accentuation, Dr. Ash's and bailey's
pronunciation of this word, who mate the first syllable
long, t6 Mr. Sheridan's, Scott's, and Entick's, who make
it short. — See Principles, 5i9.
CESARTAN, sd za^-ni an, adj. The Cesarian section
is, cutting a child out of the womb.
CESS, s£s, s. A levy made upon the inhabitants of a
place, rated according to their property; an assess-
ment ; the act of laying rates.
To CESS, s£s, v. a. To lay charge on, to assess.
CESSATION, s£s-sa-sh&n, s. A stop, a rest, a va-
cation ; a pause of hostility, without peace.
CESSAVIT, s£s-sa-v!t, s. A writ.
CESSIBILITY, s£s-s4-biW-t£, *. The quauty of re.
ceding, or giving way.
CESSIBLE, ses-s^-bl, adj. 405. Easy to give way.
CHA
79
CHA
nAr 167, nSt 163 — t&be 171, tfib 172, bill 173 — oil 299— poind 313 — t/t\n 466 — THIS 469.
CESSION, s£sh'sh5n, s. Retreat, the act of giving CHALICED, tshalMlst, adj. 359. Having a cell 01
way; resignation. | cup.
CESSIONARY, s£sh£shfin-na-r£, adj. Implying a CHAI.K, tshawk, s. 402. A white fossile, usually
resignation. reckoned a stone, but by some ranked among the boles.
CESS.MENT, s£sim3nt, *. An assessment or tax. To CHALK, tshawk, v. a. To rub with chalk ; to
Oy™rtr. <*A./r-&.. a no Ice u« *K«. >*,*tK rt» man lire w! th c'hal k : to mark or trnrf> out. a< wi t h i'h -A \ k .
CESSOR, sds-s&r, s. 98. 1 66. He that ceaseth or
negleeteth so long to perform a duty belonging to him,
as that he incurreth the danger of law.
CESTUS, s&Aus, s. The girdle of Venus.
CETACEOUS, s^-ta-sh&s, adj. 357. Of the whale
kind.
CHAD, shad, s. A sort of fish.
To CHAFE, tshafe, v. a. To warm with rubbing ;
to heat ; to perfume ; to make angry.
To CHAFE, tshafe, i>. n. To rage, to fret, to fume;
to fret against any thing.
CHAFE, tshafe, s. A heat, a rage, a fury.
CHAFE WAX, tshafe^waks, s. An officer belong-
ing to the lord high chancellor, who fits the wax for
the sealing of writs.
CHAFER, tshafe-&r, *. 98. An insect ; a sort of
yellow beetle.
CHAFF, tshaf, s. The husks of com that are sepa-
rated by thrashing and winnowing ; it is used for any
thing worthless.
To CHAFFER, tshaftf Qr, v. n. To haggle, to bar-
gain.
CHAFFERER, tshaf^fur-r&r, s. A buyer, bargainer.
CHAFFINCH, tshaf-f insh, s. A bird so called, be-
cause it delights in chaff.
CHAFFLESS, tshafU£s. adj. Without chaff.
CHAFFWEED, tshaf-wWd, s. Cudweed.
CHAFFY, tshafif^, adj. Like chaff, full of chaff.
CHAFINGDISH, tsha-flng-dlsh, s. A vessel to
make any thing hot in ; a portable grate for coals.
CHAGRIN, sha-grWn,' s. Ill humour, vexation.
To CHAGRIN, sha-gre&i/ v. a. To vex, to put
oiit of tem)>er.
CHAIN, tsliane, s. A series of links fastened one
within another; a bond, a manacle; a fetter; a line of
links with which land is measured : a series linked to-
gether.
To CHAIN, tshane, v. a. To fasten or link with a
chain ; to bring into slavery ; to put on a chain ; to u-
nile.
CHAINPUMP, tsh4ne-p&mp, s. A pump used in
large English vessels, which is double, so that one rises
as the other falls.
CHAINSHOT, tshane-shot, s. Two bullets or half
bullets fastened together by a chain, whieh, when they
fly open, cut away whatever is before them.
CHAINWORK, tshane'wtirk, s. Work with open
spaces.
CHAIR, tshare, s. 52. A moveable seat; a seat of
justice, or of authority ; a vehicle borne by men ; a
sedan.
CHAIRMAN, tshare'man, *. 88. The president of
an a^embly ; one whose trade it is to carry a chair.
CHAISE, shaze, s. A carriage either of pleasure or
expedition.
fcjf- The Vulgar, who are unacquainted with the spel-
ling of this word, and ignorant of its French derivation,
are apt to suppose it a plural, and call a single carriage a
shay ; and the Polite seem sometimes at a loss whether
they should not consider it as both singular and plural ;
but the best usage seems to have determined it to be, in
this respect, tegular, and to make the plural cf.aises.
CHALCOGRAPHER, kil-kog-gra-f&r, s. 353. An
engraver in brass.
CHALCOGRAPHY, kll-kSg-grl-ft*, s. Engraving in
brass.
CHALDRON,
manure with chalk ; to mark or trace out, as with chalk.
CHALK-CUTTER, tshawkik&t-tur, s. A man that
digs chalk.
CHALKY, tshawk^-k^, adj. Consisting of chalk;
white with chalk ; impregnated with chalk.
To CHALLENGE, tshal-l<*nje, v. a. To call ano.
ther to answer for an offence bv combat; to call to a
contest ; to accuse; in law, to object to the impartiality
of any one ; to claim as due ; to call one to the perform
anee of conditions.
CHALLENGE, tshal-l£nje, s. A summons to com
bat ; a demand of something as due : in law, an excep-
tion taken either against persons or things.
CHALLENGER, tshal-l^n-j&r, s. One that desire*
or summons another to combat ; one that claims supe
riority ; a claimant. __
CHALYBEATE, ka-lib-bi-3t, adj. 91. Impregnated
with iron or steel.
CHAMADE, shi-made,' j. The boat of the drum
which declares a surrender.
CHAMBER, tshamt-bur, *-. 542. An apartment in
a house, generally used for those appropriated to lodg-
ing ; any retired room ; any cavity or hollow ; a coui t
of justice; the hollow part of a gun, where the charge
is lodged ; the cavity where the powder is lodged in a
CHAUDRON,
En«llsh
measure of coals, consisting of thirty-six bushels heap-
ed up. The chaldron should weigh two thousand
pounds.
CHALICE, tshlWs, s. 142. A cup, a bowl, the
.
I have in this word departed from Mr. Sheridan
andDr. Kenrick, because I think the best usage has en-
tirely departed from them. About thirty years ago, the
first syllable of Chamber, was universally pronounced so
to rhyme with Palm, Psalm, &LC. but since that time it
has been gradually narrowing to the slender sound of a
in came, fame, &e. and seems now to be fully established
in this sound. This, however, is to be regretted, as it
militates with the laws of syllabication : there are few
words in the language which we cannot so divide into
paits as to shew by this division the quantity of the vow-
els ; this word forms an exception ; for mb, being uncom-
binable consonants, we cannot end the first syllable with
a; and if we join m to it, the a becomes short, and re-
quires another sound. But if two such words as Ca>i
and H ridge could not resist the blind force of custom,
which has for so many years reduced them to Catntlrr idtft .
why should we wonder that Chamber and Cam/trick, Tin-
month and Yarmouth, should yield to the same unreleut
ing tyrant ?
To CHAMBER, tshameib&r, v. n To be wanton,
to intrigue ; to reside as in a chamber.
CHAMBERER, tshame-bfrr-ur, s. A man of intrigue.
CHAMBERFELLOW, tshame-bfir-f£l-16, s. One
that lies in the same chamber.
CHAMBERLAIN, tshame-b&r-lln, s. 208. Lord
great chamberlain of England is the sixth oth'eer of the
crown ; lord chamberlain of the household has the
oversight of all officers belonging to the king's cham-
bers, except the precinct of tht bedchamber ; a servant
who has the care of the chambers.
CHAMBF.RLAINSHIP, tshame-bfrr-lln-shlp, s. The
office of a chamberlain.
CHAMBERMAID, tshameib&r-made, *. A maid
whose business is to dress a lady.
CHAMBRELOF A HORSE, kam'brll, s. The joint 01
bending of the upper part of the hinder leg.
CHAMELEON, ka-me-le-un, s. A kind of lizard,
said to live on air.
CHAMLET, kam-l£t, s See Camel-it.
CHAMOIS, sha-mo<*,' s. An animal of the goat
kind, the skin of which made into leather is calico
Shammy,
CHAMOMILE, kam^i-mile, s. 353. The name ot
an odoriferous plant.
To CHAMP, tsliimp, v. a. To bite with a frequent
action of the teeth ; to devour.
To CHAMP, tshanip, v. n. To perform frequently
the action of biting.
'HAMPAIGN, shain-pane,' s. A kind of wine.
HAI.R K, isnai-is, s. it 2. A cup, a oowi. me - 1/1
somraunion cup, a cup used in acts of worship. j CHAMPAIGN, tshamipane, t. A. flat open country.
80
CHA
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — me 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 164,
CHAMPIGNON, shlm-pln-y&n, *. A kind of
mushroom.
CHAMPION, tshAm-pe-fin, s. A man who under-
takes a cause in single combat i a hero, a stout warrior.
To CHAMPION, tsham-pt* &n, t>. a. To challenge.
CHANCE, tshAnse, *. 78. 79. Fortune, the cause
of fortuitous events; the act of fortune; accident; ca-
sual occurrence, fortuitous event, whether good or bad ;
possibility of any occurrence.
To CHANCE, tshanse, v. n. To happen, to fall
out.
CHANCE MEDLEY, tshanse-m5d-l<*, s. In law,
the ea«ual slaughter of a man, not altogether without
the fault of the slayer.
CHANGEABLE, tshan-sa-bl, adj. Accidental.
CHANCEL, tshan-s£l, S. The eastern part of the
church, in which the altar is placed.
CHANCELLOR, tshanis£l-lur, s. An officer of the
highest power and dignity in the court where he pre-
sides.
CHANCELLORSHIP, tshan-s^l l&r-shlp, *. The
office of chancellor.
CHANCERY, tshan-s&r-^, *. The court of equity
and conscience.
CHANCRE, shank-frr, *. 416. An ulcer usually
arising from venereal maladies.
CHANCROUS, shink^r&s, adj. Ulcerous.
CHANDELEER, shan-cUMt^r/ * A branch for can-
dles.
CHANDLER, tshancM&r, s. An artizan whose trade
is to make candles.
To CHANGE, tshanje, v. a. 74. To put one thing
in the place of another; to resign any thing for the
sake of another ; to discount a larger piece of money
into several smaller; to gire and take reciprocally ; to
alter ; to mend the disposition or mind.
Jf5» This word, with others of the same form, such as
range, strange, mange, &c. are, in the west of England,
pronounced with the short sound of a in ran, man, &c.
Tin; same may be observed of the a in the first syllable ot
aiufd, ancient, &c. which, in that part of the kingdom,
sounds like the article an; and this, though disagreeable
to a London ear, and contrary to the best usage, which
forms the only rule, is more analogical than pronouncing
them as if written chaingt, strainge, aincient, aingel,
&c. for we find every other vowel in this situation short,
as revense, hinge, spunge, &c.
To CHANGE, tshanje, v. n. To undergo change,
to suffer alteration.
CHANGE, tshanje, s. An alteration of the state of
any thing: a succession of one thing in the place of a-
nother ; the time of the moon in which it begins a new
monthly revolution ; novelty ; an alteration of the or-
der in which a set of bells is sounded ; that which
makes a variety ; small money.
CHANGEABLE, tshanje-a-bl, adj. Subject to change,
fickle, inconstant; possible to be changed ; having the
quality of exhibiting different appearances.
CHANGEABLENESS, tshanje-a-bl n£s, s. Suscepti-
bility of change; inconstancy, fickleness.
CHANGEABLY, tshanjeii-ble, adv. inconstantly.
CHANGEFUL, tshanjeiful, adj. Inconstant, uncer-
tain, mutable.
CHANGELING, tshanje-llng, s. A child left or
taken in the place of another ; an idiot, a natural ; one
apt to change.
CHANGER, tshaneij&r, *. One that is employed in
changing or discounting money.
CHANNEL, tshinin£l, s. 99. The hollow bed of
running waters; any cavity drawn longwise; a strait or
narrow sea ; a gut or furrow of a pillar.
To CHANNEL, tshinin£l, v. a. To cut any thing
in channels.
To CHANT, tshant, v. a. To sing ; to celebrate by
song ; to sing in the cathedral service.
To CHANT, tshant, v. n. 78. To sing.
CHANT, tshant, s 79. Song, melody.
CHANTER, tshan-tfir, s, A singer, a songster.
CHANTICLEER, tsh4nite-kleir, *. The cock, from
kit crow.
CHANTRESS, tshin-trds, s. A woman singer.
CHANTRY, tshan-tr^, s. Chantry is a church en-
dowed with revenue for priests, to sing mass for th»
souls of the donors.
CHAOS, ka-os, s. 353. The mass of matter suppos-
ed to be in confusion before it was divided by the cre-
ation into its proper classes and elements ; confusion,
irregular mixture; anything where the parts are un-
distinguished.
CHAOTICK, ka-otitik, adj. Resembling chaos, con-
fu cd.
To CHAP, tshop, V. a. To divide the surface of the
ground by excessive heat; to divide the skin of the
face or hands by excessive cold.
R^- The etymology of this word will not suffer us to
write it chop; and universal usage will not permit us to
pronounce it cliap : so that it must be classed among those
incorrigible words, the pronunciation and orthography of
which must ever be at variance.
CHAP, tshop, S. A cleft, a gaping, a en ink.
CHAP, tshop, s. The upper or under part of a
beast's mouth.
CHAPE, tshape, s. The catch of any thing by which
it is held in its place.
ClIAPEL, tshap^l, s. A chapel is cither adjoining
to a church, as a parcel of the same, or separate, called
a chapel of ea-e.
CHAPE LESS, tshape-lds, adj. Without a ch.ipe.
CHAPELLANY, tshap£p£l-l&n-nii, s. A chapeilany
is founded within some other church.
CHAPELRY, tshap-p£l-re, s. The jurisdiction or
bounds of a chapel.
CHAPERON, tshap-frr Son,' s. A kind of hood or
cap worn by the knights ot' the garter in the habit of
their order.
5^> For the pronunciation of the last syllable, see the
word Encore.
CHAPFALN, tshopifaln, adj. Having the mouth
shrunk.— See Catcal.
CHAPLAIN, tshap-lin, s. 208. He that attends the
king, or other great person, to perform divine ser-
vice.
CHAPLAINSHIP, tshap-lin ship, s. The office or
business of a chaplain ; the possession or revenue of a
chapel.
ClIAPLESS, tsh5p-l£s, adj. Without any fies,h a-
bout the mouth.
CHAPLET, tshAp-]£t, *. A garland or wreath to be
worn about the head; a string of beads used in trie
Roman church ; in architecture, a little moulding carv
ed into round beads.
CHAPMAN, tshap-man, s. 88. A cheapener, one
that offers as a purchaser.
CHAPS, tshops, s. The mouth of a beast of prey ;
the entrance into a channel.
tsllipt> part- pass- Cracked> cleft
APPD,
CHAPTER, tshap-t&r, s. A division of a book ; an
assembly of the clei gy of a cathedral j the place in which
assemblies of the clergy are held.
CHAFTREL, tshap-ti<M, 4. The capitals of pillars,
or pilasters, which support arches.
CHAR, tshar, s. A fish found only in Winamkr-
meer, in Lancashire.
To CHAR, tshar, v. a. To burn wood to a black
cinder.
CHAR, tshare, s. Work done by the day.
To CHAR, tshare, v. u. To work at other*' house*
by the day.
J£j- " As the maid that millci,
" And iioes the meanest chars." Shakeipcare.
'n Ireland they seem to have retained the genuine pro-
nunciation cf this, as well as many other old English
words ; I mean that which is agreeable to the orthngiaphy,
and rhyming with tar In Knglish it is generally hi-afd
like chair, to sit on, and its compound, c>iar-woman, like
chair-woman. Skinner, 1 know, admi:s that the word
may be derived from the Dutch k-eeren, to sweep; and
Junius spells the word chare, and tells us the Saxons liave
the same word spelled cyrre, signifying business or
charge, but lie its derivation what it will, cither tbe o«.
CHA
81
CHA
nor 167, nit 16:3— tube 171, tub 172, bull 17:5—311 299— pouiul 313— I tin 466— TH:s 4G9*
thography or the pronunciation ought to be altered ; for,
as it stands at present, it is a singular and disgraceful a-
nomaly.
CHAR-WOMAN, tshire^wfim-in, s. A woman hir-
ed accidentally for odd work.
ClIARACTF.lt, kar-ak-ttir, s. 3.53. A mark, a stamp,
a representation ; a letter used in writing or printing ;
the hand or manner of writing ; a representation of any
man as to his personal quali'ies; an account of any
thing, as good or bad ; the person with h:s assemblage
of qualities.
To CHARACTER, kir^&k-t&r, v. a. To inscribe, to
engrave.
CllARACTERISTICAL, kar-ak-ti-rlsit£-kal, > ..
CHARACTERISTIC!;, kar-ak-t£-rls£tlk, 509. $ a J'
Constituting or pointing out the true characvr.
CHARACTERISTICAI.NESS, ka-ruk-t<*-rls-t£ kal-
n£s, s. The quality of being peculiar to a chaiac-
ter.
CHARACTERISTIC^ kar ak-te-rlsitlk, «. That
which constitutes the character.
To CHARACTERIZE, kar^ak ti-rlze, v. a. To five
a character or an account of the personal qualities of
any man ; to engrave or imprint; to mark with a par-
ticular stamp or token.
CHARACTERLESS, kar£Ak-tur-l£s, adj. Without a
character.
CHARACTERS', kari;\k-tur-re, s. Impression, mark.
CHARCOAL, tshar-k&le, s. Coal made by burning
wood.
CHARD, tshard, s. Chards of artichokes are the
leaves of fair artichoke plants, tied and wrapped up all
over but the top, in straw; Chards of beet are plants
of white beet transplanted.
To CHARGE, tsharje, V. a. To intrust, to com-
mission for a certain purpose; to impute as a debt; to
impute as a crime; to impose as a task ; to accuse, to
censure; to command ; to fall upon, to attack ; to bur-
den, to load ; to fill ; to load a gun.
CHARGE, tsharje, s. Care, trust, custody; precept;
mandate, command; commission, trust conferred,
office; accusation, imputation; the thing intrusted to
care or management ; expense, cost ; onset, attack ; the
signal to fall upon enemiis; the quantity of powder
and bill put into a gun; a preparation or a sort of
ointment applied to the shoulder-splaits and sprains of
horses.
CHARGEABLE, tsblrija-bl, adj. 405. Expensive,
costly ; imputable as a debt or crime ; subject to charge,
accusable.
CHARGEABLENESS, tsharija-bl-n£s, s. Expense,
cost, costliness.
CHARGEABLY, tsharijii-bld, ado. Expensively.
CHARGER, tsharij&r, s. 98. A large dish ; an
<. dicer's horse.
CHARILY, tsha£r£-l£, adv. Warily, frugally, scru-
pulously.
CHARINESS, tslia-r<5-n£s, *. Caution, nicety.
CHARIOT, tshar-re-ut, s. 543. A carriage of plea-
sure, or state ; a ear in which men of arms were an-
ciently placed.
^f~ If this word is ever heard as if written Cliarrot, it
is only tolerable in the most familiar pronunciation: the
least solemnity, or even precision, must necessarily retain
Ine sound of i, and give it three syllables.
CHARIOTEER, tshar-r^-ut-te^r/ 5. He that drives
the chariot
CHARIOT RACE, tsharird-ut-rase, s. A sport
where chariots were driven for tlie prize.
CHARITABLE, tshar'^-ta -bl, adj. Kind In giving
alms ; kind in judging of others.
CHARITABLY, tsharie-ta-bte, adv. Kindly, liber-
ally ; benevolently.
CHARITY, tshar-e-t£, *. 160 Tenderness, kind-
ness, love; good will, benevolence ; the theological vir-
tue of universal love; liberality to the poor; alms, re-
lief given to the poor.
To CHARK, tshark, v. a. To burn to a black cin-
der ; to char.
CHARLATAN, sharila-tin, s. 528. A quack, a
mountebank.
CHARLATANICAL.sliar-la-tan-^-kal, adj. Quack-
ish, ignorant.
CHARLATANRY, sliarila-tan-rd, s. Wheedling, de-
ceit.
CHARLES's-WAlN, tsharl/.-lz-wanf,' s. The nor-
thern constellation called the Great Bear.
CHARLOCK, tsharilok, s. A weed growing among
the corn wi:h a yellow flower.
CHARM, tsharm, s. Words or philtres, imagined t»
have some occult power ; something of power to gain
the affections.
To CHARM, tsharm, v. a. To fortify with charms
against evil ; to make powerful bv charms; to subdue
by some secret power; to subdue by pleasure.
CHARMER, tshar-mur, s. One that has the power
of charms, or enchantments ; one that captivates the
heart.
CHA-RMING, tsharimlng, purl. adj. Pleasing in
the highest degree.
CHARMINGLY, tshir-mlng le, adv. In, such a
manner as to please exceedingly.
CHARMINGNESS, tshar£mlng-n£s, s. The power
of pleasing.
CHARNEL, tshar^uSl, adj. Containing flesh or car-
casses.
CHARNEL-HOUSE, tshar-mM-liouse, s. The place
where the bones of the dead are reposited.
CHART, kart, or tshart, s. A delineation of coasts.
Jf^r- As this word is perfectly anglicised, by cutting off
the a in the Latin Cliarta, and 'r,< in the Greek %xerr,{, we
ought certainly to naturalize the initial letters by pro-
nouncing them as in charter, charity, Arc. : but such is
our fondness for Latin and Greek originals, that we catch
at the shadow of a reason for pronouncing after these lan-
guages, though in direct opposition to the laws of our
own. Thus we most frequently, if not universally, hear
this word pronounced as Cart, a carriage, and perfectly
like the French Carte.
CHARTER, tshar-tur, s. A charter is a written
evidence; any writing bestowing privileges or rights;
privilege, immunity, exemption.
CHARTER-PARTY, tshar-tur-par-tt^, *. A paper
relating to a contract, of which each party has a copy.
CHARTERED, tshar-turd, udj 359. Privileged.
CHARY, tsha-r^, adj. Careful, cautious.
To CHASE, tsbase, v. a. To hunt ; to pursue at
an enemy ; to drive.
CHASE, tshase, s. Hunting, pursuit of any thing
as game; fitness to be hunted; pursuit of an cnemv;
pursuit of something as desirable; hunting match:
the game hunted: open ground stored with such beasts
as are hunted : the Chase of a gun, is the whole bore or
length of a piece.
CHASE-GUN, tshase-gun, s. Guns in the fore-part
of the ship, fired upon those that are pursued.
CHASER, tsha-sur, s. Hunter, pursuer, driver.
CHASM, kazm, s. 353. A cleft, a gap, an open-
ing; a place unfilled ; a vacuity.
CHASTE, tsbaste. adj. Pure from all commerce of
sexes; pure, uncorrupt, not mixed with barbarous
phrases ; without obscenity ; true to the marriage bed.
To CHASTEN, tshase-tn, v a. 405. To correct,
to punish.
&5» This word is sometimes falsely pronounced with
the a short, so as to rhyme with fasten ; but it is exactly
under the same predicament as tne verb to haste, which,
when formed into what is called an inchoative verb, be-
comes hasten, and with which chasten is a perfect rhyme.
To CHASTISE, tshas-tizi'/ v. a. To punish, to cor-
rect by punKhment ; to reduce to order or obedience.
CHASTISEMENT, tshas-tlz-m£nt, s. Correction,
punishment. — Sec Advertise.
CHASTISER, tshas-ti-zur, s. A punisher, a cor-
rector.
CHASTITY, tshas-t£-t£, s. 511. Purity of th«
body ; freedom from obscenity ; freedom from bad mi»-
ture of any kind.
JJ5" I have in this word departed from Mr. Sheridan,
and sevaral other speakers, in the sound of the a in tfit
first syllable, as no analogy can be clearer than that which
prevail* in words of this termination, where lh« uitep*-
CHE 82 CUE
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m3t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, m<We 164,
ar pronunciation that seems more expressive of the turn
if mind it indicates, than the long open e, which languishes
n the ear, and is not akin to the smartness and vivacity
f the idea. We regret these irregularities, but they are
lot to be entirely prevented ; and as they sometimes a-
ise from an effort of the mind to express' the i.lea more
orcibly, they should not be too studiously avoided ; es-
>ccially when custom has given them considerable cur-
ency ; which 1 take to be the case with the short pro-
nunciation ot the present word. Mr Sheridan and some
ithcr orthoepists seem to adopt the latter pronunciation ;
nd W. Johnston, Dr. Kenriek, and Mr. Henry, the for-
mer; and as this is agreeable to the orthography, and, it
may be added, to the etymology, (which indicates that
tate of mind which arises from being full of good cheer,)
t ought, unless the other has an evident preference in
custom, to be looked upon as the most accurate. 24 1 . 24i.
CHEERFULLY, tsh^r-ful-te, adv. Without dejec-
tion, with gaiety.
CHEERFULNESS, tsh&*riful-n£s, s. Freedom from
dejection, alacrity : freedom from gloominess.
CHEERLESS, tsh<^ril£s, adj. Without gaiety, com-
fort, or gladness.
CHEERLY, tshWr-l£, adj. Gay, cheerful, not gloomy.
CHEERLY, tshWrili, adv. Cheerfully.
CHEERY, tsh£e£re, adj. Gay, sprightly.
CHEESE, tshe^ze, s. A kind of food made by press
ing the curd of milk.
CHEESECAKE, tshe^zt'ikake, s. 247. A cake
made of soft curds, sugar, and butter.
CHEESEMONGER, tsheeze-mfing-gur, s. One who
deals in cheese.
CHEESEVAT, tsh^eze-vat, s. The wooden case in
which the curds are pressed into cheese.
CHEESY, tshe&ze, adj. Having the nature or form
of cheese.
CHELY, k«i-le, s. 353. The claw of a shell fish.
To CHERISH, tsh£r-r!sh, v. a. To support, to shel.
ter, to nurse up
CHERISHER, tsh^r-rish.&r, s. An encourager, a
supporter.
CHEKISHMENT, tsh£rir1sh-m£nt, s. Encourage-
ment, support, comfort.
miltiinate accent always shortens the vowel. I hus,
though the a, e, ami i, arc long in humane, serene, ami
dirhif, they are short in humanity, serenity, and riirini-
t>i ; ami urilrss custom clearly forbids, which I do not be-
lii-vi- is the rase, chastity ought certainly to have the a as
I have marked it.
CHASTI.Y, tsliaste-Iri, adv. Without incontinence,
purely, without contamination.
l£> 'In these words Dr. Johnson has very improperly
omitted the silent e; they ought to be written chastely
and cliaitenas. — ^rc introduction to Rhyming Dictionary,
Orthographical Aphorism the 8th.
CHASTNESS, tshasttin^s, s. Chastity, purity.
Tu CHAT, tshat, a. n. To prate, to talk idly; to
prattle.
CHAT, tshat, s. Idle talk, prate.
CHATELLANY, tshat-t£l-l4n-4, s. The district
under the dominion of a castle.
CHATTEL, tshit-tl, s. 405. Any moveable pos-
session.
T<> CHATTER, tshat-t&r, v. n. To make a noise as
a pie, or other unharmoniotis bird ; to make a noise by
collision of the teeth ; to talk idly or carelessly.
CHATTER, tshilt-t&r, *. Noise like t^at of a pie or
monkey ; idle prate.
CHATTERER, tshit^tSr-rfir, s. An idle talker.
CHATTY, tshat-te, adj. Liberal of conversation ;
loquacious.
CHA VENDER, tsh&vMn-d&r, «. The chub, a fish.
CHAUMONTELLE, shi-mSn-t&l,' s. A sort of pear.
To CHAW, tshaw, v. a. — See To Chew.
CHAWDRON, tshawidr&n, s. Entrails.
CHEAP, tshepe, adj. To be had at a low rate ; easy
to be hadj not res|>ected. ,
To CHEAPEN, tsh^-pn, v. a. 103. To attempt to
purchase, to bid for any thing ; to lessen value.
CHEAPLY, tshepe-le, adv. At a small price, at a
low rate.
CHEAPNESS, tsh^pe'nds, s. Lowness of price.
To CHEAT, tsh^te, v. a. To defraud, to impose up-
on, to trick.
CHEAT, tshete, s. A fraud, a trick, an imposture ;
a person guilty of fraud.
CHEATER, tshe-tar, s. 95. One that practises
fraud. ^
To CHECK, tsh£k, v. a. To repress, to curb; to
reprove, to chine ; to control by a counter reckoning.
To CHECK, tsh«:-k, v. n. To stop, to make a stop ;
to clash, to interfere.
CHECK, tsh£k, s. Repressive, stop, rebuff;
straint, curb, government; reproof, a slight; in fal-
conry, when a hawk forsakes the proper game to follow
other birds ; the cause of restraint, a stop.
T« CHECKER, ) . ,,. .,
To CHEQUER, [ tshdki&r» * "' To w"*8te or
diversify, in the manner of a chess-board, with alternate
colours.
CHECK Ell -WORK, tshSkifir-w&rk, s. Work varied
alternately.
CHECKMATE, tabfkCntAte, s. The movement on
the chess-board, that puts an end to the game.
ClIKEK, tslieek, s. The side of the face below th
eye ; a general name among mechanicks for almost al
those pieces of their machines that are double.
CHEEK-TOOTH, tshe<ik.it6o//j, $. The hinder tooth
or tusk.
CHEER, tsh^er, s. Entertainment, provisions ; invi
tation to gaiety ; gaiety, jollity ; air of the counte-
nance ; temper of mind.
To CHEER, tshei'r, v. a. To incite, to encourage
to inspirit ; to c-omtort, to console, to gladden.
To CHEER, tsheer, v. n. To grow gay or glad
some.
CHEERER, tsheeirur, s. Gladdener, giver of gaiety
CHEERFUL, tsheerUul, or tshfriffll, adj. Gay
full of life, full of mirth ; having an appearance o
gHiety
fc>- This word, like/far/«/, has contracted an irregu
A tree and fruit.
CHERRY,
CHERRY-TREE, tsh£rir£-tre4,
CHERRY, tshdrir^, adj. Resembling a cherry in
colour.
CHERRYBAY, tsh^r^re-ba, s. Laurel
CHERRYCHEEKF.D, tshSrire-tslieekt, adj. Having
ruddy cheeks.
CHF.HRYPIT, tshir'r^-plt, s. A child's play, in
which they throw cherrystones into a small hole.
CHERSONESE, ker-so-n^s, s. 353. A peninsula ;
a tract of land nearly surrounded by the sea.
CHERUB, tsh£r-ub, s. A celestial spirit, which, in
the hierarchy, is placed next in order to the Seraphim.
CHERUBICK, tshe-ru-blk, adj. Angclick, relating
to the Cherubim. . ,
CHERUBIM, tsher-u-blm, s. The Hebrew plural of
Cherub.
}£5" Those who understand no language but their own,
are apt to commit an Unpardonable fault with critics, by
mistaking this word for a singular, and writing the plu-
ral Cherub'tnu. Others are apt to commit a much greater
fault, in speaning, which is that of forming an adjective
from this word; as if written Chervbimical, or Cherubini-
cal, instead of ChenMck. How hard is the fate of an
Englishman, who, to speak and write his own language
properly, must not only understand French, Latin, and
Greek, but Hebrew also'. ^
CHF.RUBIN, tsher-ii bin, adj. Angelical.
CHERVIL, tsh^r-vll, s. An umlxjlliferous plant,
sometimes used as salad.
To CHERUP, tsh^ri-Qp, v. n. To chirp, to use a
cheerful voice.
CHESS, tshds, *. A nice and intricate game in imi-
tation of a battle between two armies.
CHESS- APPLE, tshes-ap-pl, *. Wild service.
CHESS-BOARD, tsh^si-bord, 5. The board or tablt
on which the game of chess is flayed.
CHI
83
CHI
167, nit 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299— pound 313— thin 466 — THUS 469.
CHESS-MAN, tshes-man, s. 88. A puppet for chess ;
a pawn.
CHESSOM, tshes-um, s. 166. Mellow earth.
CHKST, tsh&t, s. A box of wood or other materials.
CHESTED, tshfetSed, adj. Having a chest.
CHESTNUT, tshes^mV, 7
CHESTNUT-TREE, tshdsinut- tre$, \
the fruit of the chestnut-tree ; the name of a brown
colour.
CHEVALIER, sheV-a-leer,' s. 352. A knight.
CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE, shev-6-de-freezt,' *. 352.
A piece of timber traversed with wooden spikes, point- 1 tuning way.
ed with iron, five or six feet long; used in defending a CHILDISHNESS, tshlld-1
passage, a turnpike, or tourniquet.
CHEVEN', tshev-vn, s. 103. A river fish, the same
with chub.
CHEVERIL, tshlvi£r-ll, s. A kid, kidleather.
CHEVRON, tsh^v'run, s. In heraldry it represents
two rafters of a house as they ought to stand.
To CHEW, tshoo, or tshaw, v. a. To grind with
the teeth, to masticate ; to meditate, or ruminate in
the thoughts ; to taste without swallowing.
JVJ- The latter pronunciation is grown vulgar.
To CHEW, tshoo, v. n. To champ upon, to rumi-
.nate.
CHICANE, she-kane,' s. 352. The art of protract-
ing a contest by artifice ; artifice in general.
To CHICANE, she-kane,' v. n. To prolong a con-
, test by tricks.
CHICANER, she-katnur, s. A petty sophister, a
, wrangler.
CHICANERY, she-kainfrr-£, s. Sophistry, wrangle.
CHICK, tshik,
i n fs i~, }•!• The young of a bird,
CHICKEN, tshik-in, 104. |
particularly of a hen, or small bird ; a word of tender-
ness ; a term for a young girl.
CHICKENHEARTED, tshlk-in-har-ted, adj. Cow-
ardly, fearful.
CHICKENPOX, tshlk-ln-poks, s. A pustulous dis-
temper.
CHICKLING, tshlk-llng, s. A small chicken.
CHICKPEAS, tshik-peze, s. An herb.
CHICKWEED, tshikiweed, s. A plant.
To CHIDE, tshlde, v. n. To reprove ; to drive a-
way with reproof; to blame, to reproach.
To CHIDE, tshide, v. n. To clamour, to scold ; to
quarrel with ; to make a noise.
CHIDER, tshi-dfrr, s. 98. A rebuker, a reprover.
CHIEF, tsheef, ndj. Principal, most eminent; emi-
nent, extraordinary ; capital, of the first order.
CHIEF, tsheef, s. 275. A commander, a leader.
CHIEFI.ESS, tsheef-leX adj. Without a head.
CHIEFLY, tsheef-le, adv. Principally, eminently,
more than common.
CHIEFRIE, tsheef-re, s. A small rent paid to the
iord .paramount.
CHIEFTAIN, tsbteF-dn, s. 208. A leader, a com-
mander ; the head of
CHILDED, tshlUded, adj. Furnished with a child.
Little used.
CHILDERMASS-DAY, tshlHder-mAs-da, s. The
day of the week, throughout the year, answering to the
day on which the feast of the Holy Innocents is solem-
nized.
CHILDHOOD, tshlld-hud, s. The state of infants,
the time in which we are children ; the time of life be-
tween infancy and puberty ; the properties of a child.
CHILDISH, tshild-lsh, at/j. Trifling ; becoming only
children; trivial, puerile.
CHILDISHLY, tshild-Ish-le, adv. In a childish
sh-nes, s. Puerility, trif-
limmess; harmlessness.
CHILDLESS, tshild-l£s, adj. Without children.
CHILDLIKE, tshild-like, adj. Becoming or beseem-
ing a child.
CHILIAEDRON, kll-e-a-e-dr5n, s. 553. A figure
of a thousand sides.
is word ought to have the accented e long; iv t
on account of the quantity in the Greek word, but be-
cause, where no rule forbids, we ought to make vowels
accented on the penultimate, long. 542.
CHILIFACTORY, kil e-fak-to-re, adj. Making
chyle. — See Cfiylificatory.
CHILIFACTIVE, kil-e-fakitlv, adj. Making chyle.
—See C It ylif active.
CHII.IFICATION, kll e-fe ka^shun, s. The act o/
making chyle. — *-ee Chylification.
CHILL, tshll, adj. Cold, that which is cold to the
touch; having the sensation of cold ; depressed, deject-
ed, discouraged.
CHILL, tshil, s. Chilness, cold.
To CHILL, tshll, v. a. To make cold ; to depress,
tp deject; tp blast with cold.
CHILLINESS, tshil-le-nes, s. A sensation of shiver-
ing cold. *
CHILLY, tshtlMe, adj. Somewhat cold.
CHILNESS, tshll-nes, s. Coldness, want of warmth.
CHIME, tshime, s. The consonant or harmonick
sound of many corresponding instruments ;. the corres-
pondence of sound ; the sound of bells struck with ham-
mers ; the correspondence of proportion or relation.
To CHIME, tshime, v. n. To soutid in harmony ;
to correspond in relation or proportion ; to agree ; to
suit with,; to jingle.
To ClUME, tshime, r. a. To make to move, or
strike, or sound harmonically ; to strike a bell with a
hammer,
CHIMERA, ke-me-ra, s. 353. 120. A vain and
wild fancy. .
CHIMERICAL, ke-merire-kal, adj. Imaginary,
tautastick.
CHIMERICALLY, ke-me>ire-kal-e, adv. Vainly,
wil.dly.
CHIMNEY, tshlmin^, s The passage through which
the smoke ascends from the fire in the house ; the tire-
place.
CHIMNEY-CORNER, tshlm-ne-kor-nur, s. The
fireside, the place of idlers.
CHIMNEYPIECE, tshimine-peese, s. The orna-
J£5» This word ought undoubtedly to follow captain,
curtain, villain, &c. in the pronunciation of the last syl- ; "mental piece round the fireplace.
weirrUSed'toT'1 " ! less m use' we are not so CHIMNEYSWEEPER, tshiminA-swW-pfir, *. On*
CHIEVANCE, tshee-vanse, s. Traffick, in which
money is extorted, as discount
CHILBLAIN, tshil-blaiif, .9. Sores made by frost.
CHILD, tshlld, s. An infant, or very young person ;
one in the line of filiation, opposed to the parent ; any
thing the product or effect of another; To be with
chilli, to be pregnant.
To CHILD, tshlld, v. n. To bring children. Little
used.
whose trade it is to clean foul chimneys of soot.
CHIN, tshln, s. The part of the face beneath the
under lip.
CHINA, tshaine, or tshl-ni, s. China ware, ports-
la'n, a species of vessels made in China, dimly transpa-
rent.
J{^- What could induce us to so irregular a pronuncia-
tion of this word is scarcely to be conceived. One would
be apt to suppose that the French first imported this
porcelain, and that when we purchased it of them we
bringing a chfld.
CHILDBIRTH, tshildiberi/i, s. Travail, labour.
pronunciation seems only tolerable when we apply it to
the porcelain of China, or the orange*, which are impro-
CHO
84-
CHO
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fa!l 83, fat 81 — mi 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 164,
the cocoa-nut, to be dissolved in hot water ; the liquor
made by a solution of chocolate.
CHOCOLATE- HOUSE, tshok^o- late-house, *. A
house for drinking chocolate.
l*M-ly called China oranges ; but even in the« cases it ,
»eeins a pardonable pedantry to reduce the word to its
trui- -omul.
CHINA-ORANGE, tshain;Vor-lnje, ». The sweet
CHINA-ROOT, tshl-nu-root, s. A medicinal root,
broug'it originally from China.
CHINCOCGH, tshin-kof, s. A violent and convul-
sive cough.
CilINK, tshine, s. The part of the back, in which
the backbone is found ; a piece of the back of an ani-
mal.
To CHINE, tshine, t>. a. To cut into chines.
ClHNK, tshluk, s. A small apeiture long-wise.
To CHINK, tsliink, v. a. To shake so as to make
a sound.
To CHINK, tshlnk, v. n. To sound by striking
each other.
CHINKY, tshlnk^e, adj. Full of holes, gaping.
CHINTS, tshlnts, s. Cloth of cotton made in India.
CHIOPPINE, tshop-peiu,' s. 112. A high shoe
formerly worn by ladies.
To CHIP, tshlp, v. a. To cut into small pieces.
CHIP, tshlp, s. A small piece taken off by a cutting
instrument.
CHIPPING, tshlp-plng, 5. A fragment cut off.
CHIRAGIUCAL, ki rag-gr^-kal, adj. 120. 353.
Having the gout in thi* hand.
CHOUE, tshode. The old preterit from Chide.
Obsolete.
CHOICE, tsholse, s. The act of choosing, election ;
the power of choosing; care in ch;>osing, curiosity of
distinction ; the thug chosen; the best part of any
thing ; several things proposed as objects of election.
CHOICE, tsholse, adj. Select, of extraordinary
value ; chary, frugal, careful.
CHOICF.LESS, tshoisc-les, adj. Without the power
of choosing.
CHOICELY,
adv. Curiously, with exact
choice; valuably, excellently.
CHOICENESS, tshoise-nOs, s. Nicety, particular
value.
CHOIR, kwire, S. 30O. 356. An assembly or band
of singers; the singers in divine worship; the part of
the church where the singers are placed.
To CHOKE, tshoke, n, n. To suffocate ; tostopx-p,
to block up a pass ge ; to hinder by obstruction ; to sup-
press ; to overpower.
CHOKE, tshoke, *. The filamentous or capillary
part of an artichoke.
CHOKE PEAR, tshoke-pare, 4. A rough, harsh,
unpalatable pear ; any sa.casm that stops the mouth.
CHOKER, tsho^kir, s. One that chokes.
ClllROGUAPHER, kl rog^gra-fur, s. He that ex- CHOKY, tsho^ke, adj. That which has. the power
crcises writing. of sufflicatioii.
CHIROGRAFHIST, kl-rogigri-flst, 4. cimogra- CHOLAGOGUES, kol-J-gogz, s. Medicines having
plvr. the power of purging b:l\.-.
CHlROGftAPHY, kl-rogigri fe, j. 5 1 8. The art of CHOLEH, koWar, «. The bile; the humour sup-
writing. .
CHIROMANCER, kir-o-man-sur, s. One that fore-
tels events by inspecting the hand.
CHIROMANCY, kir-io-man-sti, s. 353. 519. Th
irt of foretelling the events of life by inspecting the
hand.
To CHIRP, tsheVp, v. n. To make a cheerful noise,
as birds.
CHIRP, tsherp, *. The voice of birds or insects.
C'HIHPER, tsher-pur, s. 89. One that chirps.
CHIBURGEON, ki-rCir-je-un, s. 353. One that
cures ailments, not by internal medicines, but outward
applications, now written Surgeon; a surgeon.
CHIHURGERY, kl-r&rijd-ri, * The art of curing
by external applications, now written Sutgery.
CHIRUSGICAL,
CHIRURGICK, kUriiijlk, 353. $ "»• Bclonging
to surgery.
CHISEL, tshlz^zll, s. 102. 99. An instrument with
which wcxxl or stone is pared away.
To CHISEL, tshlz-zll, v. a. 102. To cut with a
chisel.
CllIT, tslilt, *. A child, a baby ; the shoot of corn
from the end of the grain.
To CHIT, tslilt, v. n. To sprout
CHITCHAT, tshltitshat, s. Prattle, idle prate.
CHITTERLINGS, tshlt-t&r-Ilngz, *. 555. Theguu
of an eatable animal ; the frill or border at the bosom
of a shirt.
CHITTY, tshlt-t£, adj. Childish, like a baby.
CHIVALROUS, tshlviil-r&s, adj. Relating to chiv-
posed to produce irascibility ; anger, rage.
CHOLERICK, k6Jil&r-rik, adj. Abounding with
choler ; angry, irascible.
CHOI.ERICKNESS, k61-10r-rlk-n£s, s. Anger, iras-
cibility, peevishness.
CHOLICK — See Colick.
To CHOOSE, tshooze, v. a. I chose, I have cho-
sen. To take by way of preference of several things
offered ; to select, to pick out of a number ; to elect for
eternal happiness; a term of theologians.
J£J- This word is sometimes improperly written chusc,
which is a needless departure from its French etymology
in choisir, as well as from our own analogy in the preterit
chose.
To CHOOSE, tsh56ze, v. n. To have the power of
choice.
CHOOSER, tshoo-z&r, s. He that has the power of
choosing, elector.
To CHOP, tshop, v. a. To cut with a quick blow ;
to devour eagerly ; to mince, to cut into small pieces ;
to break into chinks.
To CHOP, tshop, ». n. To do any thing with a
quick motion ; to light or happen upon a thing.
2'o CHOP, tshop, v. a. To purchase, generally by
way of truck ; to put one thing in the place of another ;
to bandy, to altercate.
CHOP, tshop, s. A piece chopped off; a small
piece of meat ; a crack or cleft.
CHOP-HOUSE, tshop^house, s. A mean house of
entertainment.
Kjf Dr. Johnson, in this definition, seems to have
rateaa chop-house too low, and to have had a Coolft
Shop or an Kating-liouse in his mind. Since coffee-hous-
es are become eating-houses and taverns, chop-houses are,
but this was not the case
airy, kmghtlv. warlite. perhaps, a little depreciated ; but
CHIVALRY, tshtv-£l-r4, *• Knighthood, a military till long after Dr. Johnson's Dictionary was published.;
and I think they may still, without any impropriety, b«
dignity ; the qualifications cf a knight, as valour ; the
general system of knighthood.
CHIVES, tshlvz, s. The threads or filaments rising
in Mowers, with seeds at the end ; a species of small
onion.
CHLOROSIS, klo-ri-sls, i. 353. The green sick-
ness.
To CHOAK, tshoke, v. a — See Choke.
CHOCOLATE, tshok-o-lite, s. 91. The nut of the
cocoa Hoc , the mats made by grinding the kernel of
called reputable houses of ready entertainment.
CHOPIN, tsh6 pe^n,' *. 112. A French liquid mea-
sure, containing nearly a pint of Winchester; a term
used in Scotland for a quart of wine measure.
CHOPPING, tshopi-pln, adj. An epithet frequently
applied to infants, by way of commendation ; meaning
large or well grown.
CHOPPING-KNIFE, tshopiplng-nife, «. A knife
used iu chopping.
CHR
85
CHU
nSr 167, nit 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bill 173— ill 299— pound 313— tk\n 466— THIS 469.
CHOPPY, tshj>p'p£, adj. Full of holes or cracks.
CHOPS, tsh&ps, s. The mouth of a beast ; the
mouth of any thing, in familiar language.
CHORAL, kAiril, adj. 353. Sung by a choir; sing-
ing in a choir.
CHORD, kord, S The string of a musical instru-
ment ; a right line, which joins the two ends of any
arch of a circle.
To CHORD, k6rd, v- a. 353. To furnish with strings.
CHORDEE, kor-d&ij s. A contraction of the frscnum
CHORION, ko-r^-6n, S. The outward membrane
that enwraps the foetus.
CHORISTER, kwlrWs-tfir, s. 300. 356. A singer
in the cathedrals, a singing boy ; a singer in a concert.
CHOROGRAPHF.R, kA-rog-gr5-t'&r, s. He that de-
scribes particular regions or countries.
CHOROGRAPHICAr., k&r-r6-gr&f^-k£l, adj. De-
scriptive of particular regions.
CHOROGRAPHICALLY, k5r-r6-gr5f^-kM-l^, ad>>.
In a ehorographieal manner.
CHOROGRAPHY, kA-rAg-gri ft*, s. The art of de-
scribing particular regions.
CHORUS, k&ir&s, s. 353. A number of singers, a
concert ; the persons who are supposed to behold what
passes in the acts of the ancient tragedy ; the son" be-
tween the acts of a tragedy ; vtrses of a song in which
the company join the singer. ,
CHOSE, tshAse. The prefer tense, from To Choose.
CHOSEN, tsho-zn, 103. The participle passive, from
To Choose.
CHOUGH, tsh&f, s. 301. A bird which frequents
the rocks by the sen.
To CHOUSE, tshAfisc, t;. a. To cheat, to trick.
CHOUSE, tshouse, s. A bubble, a tool ; a trick or
sham.
CHRISM, krlzm, s. 353. Unguent, or unction.
To CHRISTEN, krls-sn, v. a. 472. To baptize, to
initiate into Christianity by water ; to name, to deno-
minate.
CHRISTENDOM, krlsisn-d&m, s. 405. The collec-
tive body of Christians.
CHRISTENING, kris-sn-Ing, *. The ceremony of
the first initiation into Christianity.
CHRISTIAN, kristiy&n, s. 291. A professor of the
religion of Christ.
CHRISTIAN, krlst^yan, adj. 113. Professing the
religion of Christ.
CHRISTIAN-NAME, krlst^y fin-name,' s. The name
given at the font, distinct from the surname.
CHRISTIANISM, krist-y&n-lzm, s. The Christian
religion ; the nations professing Christianity.
CHRISTIANITY, krls-tsht*-in-ti-te, s. The religion
of Christians.
To CHRISTIANIZE, krlstiy&n-lze, v. a. To make
Christian.
CHAISTIANLY, krlst£yfin-l£, adv. Like a Christian.
CHRISTMAS, krlsimis, s. 88. 472. The day on
which the nativity of our blessed Saviour is celebrated.
CHRISTMAS-BOX, krls£m£s-b&ks, s. A box in
which little presents are collected at Christmas. The
money so collected.
CHROMATICS krA-miit-ik, adj. Relating to co-
lour ; relating to a certain species of ancient musick.
CHRONICAL, kronie-kil, J ..
../t, > adj. 509. Relating
CHRONICK, kr&n-ik, $ '
to time ; a chronical distemper is of long duration.
CHRONICLE, krftn-^-kl, s. 353. 405. A register
or account of events in order of time ; a history.
To CHRONICLE, kr&n^-kl, v. a. 4O5. To record
in chronicle, or history ; to register, to record.
CHRONICLER, kr5n^-kl&r, s. 98. A writer of
chronicles ; an historian.
CHRONOGRAM, kr&niA-grSm, s. An inscription
including the date of any action.
CHRONOGRAMMATICAL, kr&n-nA-grim-miitW-
kul, adj. Belonging to a chronogram.
CHRONOGRAMMATIST, kr6n-nA-gram-mi-dst, t,
A writer of chronograms.
CHRONOLOGER, krA-nfil-lA-jftr, j. He that studie*
or explains the science of computing past times.
CHRONOLOGICAL, kr&n-no-lSdjt&i-kiU, adj. Re-
lating to the doctrine of time.
CHRONOLOGICALLY, krSn-nA-16djf-£-k;\l-le, adv.
In a chronological manner, according to the exact series
of time.
CHRONOLOGIST, krA-n&UA-jlst, s. One that studies
or explains time.
CHRONOLOGY, krA-niUA-j^, s. The science of com-
puling and adjusting the periods of time.
CHRONOMETER, krA-nftm-m^-t&r, s. An instru-
ment for the exact measuration of time.
CHRYSALIS, kris-sA-Hs, s. 503. Aurelia, or the
first apparent change of the maggot of any species of
insects.
CHRYSOLITE, krls-so-lite, s. 155. A precious
stone of a tlusky green, with a cast of yellow.
CHUB, tsh&b, s. A river fish. The cheven.
CHUBBED, tshub-bld, adj. 99. Big-headed, like a
chub.
To CHUCK, tsh&k, v. n. To make a noise like a
hen.
To CHUCK, tsh&k, v. a. To call as a hen calls her
young; to give a gentle blow under the chin.
CHUCK, tsh&k, s. The voice of a hen ; a word 01
endearment.
CHUCK-FARTHING, tsh&k-fir-THlng, 3. A play,
at which the money falls with a chuck into the hole
beneath.
To CHUCKLE, tsh&k-kl, v. n. 405. To laugh ve-
hemently.
To CHUCKLE, tshik^kl, v. a. To call as a hen ;
to cocker, to fondle.
CHUET, tsh66-!t, s. 99. Forced meat. Obsolete.
CHUFF, tsh&f, s. A blunt clown.
CHUFFILY, tsh&W<*-l(i, adv. Stomachfully.
CHUFFINESS, tsh&f-f£-n£s, s. Clownishness.
CHUFFY, tsh&f-fe, adj. Surly, fat.
CHUM, tshum, s. A chamber fellow.
CHUMP, tsh&mp, s. A thick heavy piece bf wood.
CHURCH, tshartsh, x. The collective body of Chris-
tians ; the body of Christians adhering to one particu-
lar form of worship; the place which Christians con-
secrate to the worship of God.
To CHURCH, tsh&rtsh, t;. a. To perform with any
one the office of returning thanks after any signaJ de-
liverance, as childbirth.
CHURCH- ALE, tsh&rtsh-ale,' s. A wake, or feast,
commemoratory of the dedication of the church.
CHURCH-ATTIRE, tsh&rtsh it-tire,' s. The habit
in which men officiate at divine service.
CHURCHMAN, tsh&rtshimSn, s. 88. An ecclesiastic,
a clergyman ; an adherent to the church of England.
CHURCHWARDENS, tsh&rtsh-wir'dnz, s. 103.
Officers yearly chosen, to look to the church, church-
yards, and such things as belong to both.
CHURCHYARD, tsh&rtsh-yird, s. The ground ad-
joining to the church, in which the dead are buried ;
a cemetery.
CHURL, tsh&rl, s. A rustick, a countrjman ; a
rude, surly, ill-bred man ; a miser, a niggard.
CHURLISH, tsh&rillsh, adj. Rude, bniUil, harsh ;
selfish, avaricious.
CHURLISHLY, tohfatfiafc'!^ adv. Rudely, brutally.
CHURLISHNESS, tsh&rUish-n&s, s. Brutality, rug-
gedncss of manner.
CHUHME, tsh&rm, s. A confused soumi, a noise.
Obsolete.
CHURN, tshurn, s. The vessel in which the buttn
is, by agitation, coagulated.
To CHURN, tsh&rn, v. a. To agitate or shake anj
thing bv a violent motion ; to make butter by agitating
the milk.
86
CTR
t5"559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mt 93, rnSt 15— pine 105, pin 107— nA i«52, m5ve 164,
CHURRWORM, tshir-w&rm, ». An insect that CIDER, slM&r, s. The juice of apples expressed and
turns about nimbly, called also a fancT'cket. | fermented.
CHYLACEOUS, kl-la-shfis, mlj. 186. Belonging ClDERIST, si£d&r-lst, s. 98. A maker cf cider.
to chyle. j ClDERKIN, sl^d&r-kin, s. The liquor made of th«
CHYLE, klle, * 353. The white juice formed in
the stomach by digestion of the aliment.
CHYLITACTION, kil-14-fak-shftn, s. The act or
process of making chyle in the body. t f _^_
CHYLIFACTTVE, kil-14-f aki-tiv, adj. Having the CIMETER, s!mi4-tir, s. 98. A sort of sword, short
power of making chyle. | an(( recurvated.
CHYLIFICATION, kU-l^-ft-kaish&n, «. The act of CINCTURE, slngUtsh&re, *. 461. Something worn
round the body ; an enclosure ; a ring or list at th«
top or bottom of the shaft of a column.
gross matter of apples, after the cider is pressed out.
CILIARY, sll'y& -r£, adj. 1 1 3. Belonging to the
eyelids.
ClLICIOUS, sd-llshi&s, adj. 314 Made of hair.
making chyle.
CHYLIFICATORY, ku-£-f£-k&t6-r£, adj. 512.
Making chyle.
CHYLOUS, kl-l&s, adj. 1 60. Consisting of chyle.
CHYMICAL, kim4-kal, ) ..
> ad). Made by chymistry ;
CHYMICK, klmimik, } •
relating to chymistrv.
CHYMICALLY, kim£m£-kal-l£, adv. In a chyrni-
cal manner.
CHYMIST, kim-mlst, j. A professor of chymistry.
ft5» Scholars have lately discovered, that all the nations
of Europe have, for many centuries past, been erroneous
in spelling this word with a y instead of an e ; that is,
Chymitt instead of Chemist : and if we crave their rea-
•ons, they very gravely tell us, that instead of deriving
the word from yvpts* juice, or from •xut, yfw, or yvu, to
melt, it is more justly derived from the Arabic kema,
black. But Dr. Johnson, who very well understood every
thing that could be urged in favour of the new orthogra-
phy, has very judiciously continued the old ; and indeed,
till we see better reasons than have yet appeared, it seems
rather to savour of an affectation of oriental learning, than
a liberal desire to rectify and improve our language. But
let the word originate in the East or West, among the
Greeks or Arabians, we certainly received it from our
common Lineuaducti, (if the word will be pardoned me,)
the Latin and French, which still retain either the y, or
its substitute i.
Besides, the alteration produces a change in the pro-
nunciation, which, from its being but slight, is the less
likely to to be attended to ; and therefore the probability
is, that, let us write the word as we will, we shall still con-
tinue to pronounce the old way ; for in no English word
throughout the language does the e sound like y, or i
short, when the accent is on it.
This improvement, therefore, in our spelling, would,
In all probability, add a new irregularity to our pronun-
ciation, already mcumbered with too many. Warburton,
in his edition of Pope's works, seems to have been the
first writer of note who adopted this mode of spelling from
Boerhaave, and the German critics ; and he seems to have
been followed by all the inscriptions on the chymists'
shops in the kingdom. But till the voice of the people
nas more decidedly declared itself, it is certainly the most
eligible to follow Dr. Johnson and our established writers
' " " res-s English Orthoe-
see judiciously ex-
posed the folly of altering settled modes of spelling for
the sake of far-fetched and fanciful etyn ologies.
CHYMISTRY, klmimis-tr£, «. The art of process
by which the different substances found in mixt bodies
are separated from each other by means of fire.
ClBARIOUS, sl-bair£-&s, adj. 121. Relating to
food.
CICATRICE, vr CICATRIX, slk^a-trls, s. 142.
The scar remaining after a wound ; a mark, an impres-
in the old orthography — See Mr. Nares"s English Orthoe-
py, page 285, where the reader will
ClNDER, sin^dir, s. 98. Amass of any thing burnt
in the fire, but not reduced to ashes ; a hot coal that
has ceased to flame.
CINDER-WOMAN, sln^d&r-wum &n, )
CINDER-WENCH, sinidir-w£nsh, ' *'
,
ps of a
man whose trade is to rake in heaps of ashes for cin-
ders.
ClNERATlON, sln-^-ra-sh&n, «. The reduction ol
any thing by fire to ashes.
ClNERmous, sln-£-rlsh-5s, adj. Having the form
or state of ashes.
CINERUI.ENT,
adj. 121. Full c»
ClNGLE, slngigl, S. 405. A girth for a horse.
CINNABAR, sln^na-bar, s. 166. Vermilion, a
mineral consisting of mercury and sulphur.
CINNAMON, sln-na-m&n, *. 166. The fragrant
bark of a low tree in the island of Ceylon.
CINQUE, singk, s. 415. A five.
ClNQUE FOIL, slngk'fSll, j. A kind of five-leaved
clover.
ClNQUE-PACE, s>lngk-pase, s. A kind of grave
dance.
ClNQUE-PORTS, singk-ports, *. Those havens that
lie towards France.
CINQUE-SPOTTED, slngkisp6t-t£d, adj. Having
five spots.
ClON, si-un, s. 166. A sprout, a shoot from a plant ;
the slv ot engrafted on a stock.
CIPHER. sUfar, $. 98. An arithmetical character,
by which some number is noted, a figure ; an arithme-
tical mark, which, standing for nothing itself, increases
the value of the other figures ; an intertexture of let-
ters ; a character in general ; a secret or occult manner
of writing, or the key to it.
To CIPHER, slif&r, v. n. To practise arith-
metick.
To CIPHER, sUf&r, v. a. To write in occult cha-
racters.
CIRCLE, s£r-kl, s. 108. 405. A curve line con-
tinued till it ends where it began, having all parts e-
qually distant from a common centre; the space in-
cluded in a circular line; a round body, an orb; com-
pass, enclosure; an assembly surrounding the princi-
pal person ; a company ; any series ending as it begins ;
an inconclusive form of argument, in which the fore-
going proposition is proved by the following, and the
following inferred from the foregoing ; circumlocution.
ng i
To CIRCLE,
regoing ;
t>. a. To move round any
ClCATRISANT, sik-a-trUzant, *. An application
that induces a cicatrice.
ClCATRISIVE, slk-a-tri-siv, adj. 158. 428. Hav-
ing the qualities proper to induce a cicatrice.
CICATRIZATION, slk-a-tri-za-shfrn, s. The act
of healing the wound; the state of being healed or i
skinned over.
To CICATRIZE, slk^A-trlze, ». a. To apply such
medicines to wounds, or ulcers, as skin them.
ClCELY, slsili, «. A sort of herb.
To CICURATE, sik^i-ratf, v. a. 91. 503. To
tame, to reclaim from wildness.
ClCURATION, sik-i-ra-sh&n, *. The act of tam-
ing or reclaiming from wildness.
thing ; to enclose, to surround ; to confine, to keep to-
gether.
To CIRCLE, s£rikl, v. n. To move circularly.
CIRCLED, s^r^kld, adj. 359. Having the form of a
circle, round.
CIRCLET, s£r£klit, j. A little circle
CIRCLING, s^r-kling, part. adj. Circular, round.
CIRCUIT, sSr-klt, s. 341. 108. The act of mov-
ing round any thing; the space enclosed in a circle;
space, extent, measured by travelling round ; a ring,
a diadem ; the visitation of the judges for holding a*
sizes.
To CIRCUIT, s^r^kit, v. n. To move circularly.
ClRCUITER, s£riklt-t£r, *. One that travel* a cir-
cuit.
wa-ciRCmTiON, sSr-kUshi&n, 3. The act of goin.
cm
87
cm
n3r 1(57, nit 163 — t&be 171, lib 172, bill 173 — 511 299— pSund 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
JlRCUMTTlON, s£r-k&m-lsh-&n, s. The act of go-
ing round.
?IRCUMLIGATION, s^r-kfim-lA-ga-shfin, s. The
act of binding round ; the bond with which any thing
is encompassed.
IRCUMLOCUTION, s3r-k&m-l A- ki-sh&n, $. A
circuit or compass of words, periphrasis ; the use of in-
direct expressions.
rour.-1 any thing ; compass, maze of argument, com-
prehension,
CIRCUITOUS, s5r-kM£-t&s, adj. Round about
CIRCULAR, s£rMcu>l&r, adj. 88. 418. Round, like
a circle, circumscribed by a circle; successive to itself,
always returning ; Circular Letter, a letter directed to
several persons, who have the same interest in some
common affair.
CIRCULARITY, s£r- ki-llr^-td, s. A circular form.
CIRCULARLY, s5rikii-l&r-l£, adv. In form of a
circle ; with a circular motion.
To CIRCULATE, s£riki-late, v. n. 91. To move
in a circle.
To CIRCULATE, sSriki-late, t>. a. To r«t about.
CIRCULATION, sSr-kft-la-shun, s. Motion in a
circle ; a series in which the same order is always ob-
served, and things always return to the same state; a
adj. 512. Be-
A chymical
, S. The
ay
reciprocal interchange of meaning.
CIRCULATORY, s^riki-la-tir-^
longing to circulation ; circular.
CIRCULATORY, s4r-kil la-tfrr-e, s.
vessel.
ClRCUMAMBlENCY, s5r-
act of encompassing.
CIRCUMAMBIENT, s3r-k&m-amib£-4nt, adj. Sur-
rounding, encompassing.
To CIRCUMAMBULATE, s£r-k&m-am-b6-late,
v. n. 91. To walk round about.
To CIRCUMCISE, s£i Mi fan-she, v. a. To cut the
prepuce, according to the law given to the Jews.
CIRCUMCISION, s^r-k&m-slzh-fin, s. The rite or
act of cutting off the foreskin
To ClRCUMDUCT, sir-k&m-dftkt,' v. a. To con-
travene ; to nullify.
ClRCUMDUCTION, s£r k&m-d&kish&n, s. Nullifi-
cation, cancellation ; a leading about.
CIRCUMFERENCE, s£r-k&rn-f<£-r£nse, s. The pe-
riphery, the line including and surrounding any thing
the space enclosed in a circle ; the external part of an
orbicular body ; an orb, a circle.
CIRCUMFERENTOR, s£r-kfim-f£-r£nit&r, s. 166.
An instrument used in surveying, for measuring angles
CIRCUMFLEX, s£rik&m-fleks, $. An accent used
to regulate the pronunciation of syllables.
}t^- All our prosodists tell us, that the Circumflex ac
cent is a composition of the grave and the acute; or tha
it is a raising and falling of the voice upon the same syl
(able. If they are desired to exemplify this by actual pro-
nunciation, we find they cannot do it, and only pay u
with words. This accent, therefore, in the ancient as wel
as modern languages, with respect to sound, has no spe-
cific utility. The French, who make use of this Circum
flex in writing, appear, in the usual pronunciation of it
to mean nothing more than long quantity . See Barytone
If the inspector would wish to see a rational account o
this accent, as well as of the grave and acute, let him con
suit a work lately published by the Author of this Die
tionary, called A Rhetorical Grammar, the third edition
or, A Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek am
Latin Proper Namei.
ClRCUMFLUENCE, s£r-k6mifli-3nse, *.
closure of waters.
CIRCUMFLUENT, s£r-kumifl6-£nt, adj. Flowing
round any thing.
CIRCUMFLUOUS, s£r-k&m£fl&-&s, adj. Environing
with waters.
CIRCUMFORANEOUS, s£r-k&m-f(i-ra-n£-frs, adj
314. Wandering from house to house.
To ClRCUMFUSE, s^r-kfrrn-fiize/ v. a. To pou
round.
ClRCUMFUSlLE, s^r-kfim-fiisll, adj. 427. Tha
which may be poured round any thing.
ClRCUMFUSlON, s3r-kuMn-fu>zhu\n, s. The act o
spreading round.
To CIRCUMGIRATE, s&r-kfim£j£-rate, ». n. T
roll round.
CIRCUMGIRATION, sSr-k&m-j^-ra-sh&n, *. Th
act of running round.
ClHCUMJACENT, s£r-k&m-jai«>3nt, adj. Lyin
round any thing.
SRCUMLOCUTORY, s£r-kim-l&k-{i-t6-r£, adj.
512. Depending on circumlocution.
IHCUMMURED, s£r-k&rn-mird,' adj. 359. Wall-
ed round.
CIRCUMNAVIGABLE, s£r-k6m-navie-ga-b], adj.
That which may be sailed round.
To CIRCUMNAVIGATE, s£r-k&m-navie-gate, v- a.
To sail round.
CIRCUMNAVIGATION, s3r-kfrm-nav-£-gaish&n, s.
The act of sailing round.
IRCUMPLTCATION, slr-k&m-pl^-kaishSn, *.
The act of enwrapping on every side j the state of be-
ing enwrapped.
IRCUMPOLAR, s£r-k&m-p6-lar, adj. 418. Round
the pole.
IRCUMPOSITION, s^r-kfrm-pi-zishi&n, 5. The
act of placing any thing circularly.
!?IRCUMRASION, s^r-k&in-ra-zh&n, s. The act of
shaving or paring round.
CiRCUM ROTATION, s^r-k&m-ro-ta-sh&n, s. Th«
act of whirling round like a wheel.
'IRCUMROTATORY, s£r-k&m-r6ita-tA-ni, adj.
512. \V hirling round.
To CIRCUMSCRIBE, s&'-k&m-skrlbe,' v. a. To
enclose in certain lines or boundaries; to bound, to
limit, to confine.
CIRCUMSCRIPTION, s^r-k&m-skHpish&n, *. De-
termination of particular form or magnitude j limita-
tion, confinement.
CIRCUMSCRIPTIVE, slr-kfim-skrlpitlv, adj. En-
closing the superficies.
CIRCUMSPECT, s3r-kfim-sp£kt, adj. Cautious, at-
tentive, watchful.
CIRCUMSPECTION, s3r-k&m-sp5k-shun, *. Watch-
fulness on every side, caution, general attention.
CIRCUMSPECTIVE, s|r-kfrrn-sp£k-tlv, adj. Atten-
tive, vigilant, cautious.
CIRCUMSPECTIVELY, s£r-k&m-sp3k-tiv-l£, adv.
Cautiously, vigilantly.
CIRCUMSPECTLY, s4r-k&m-sp£kt-l£, adv. Watch
fully, vigilantly.
CIRCUMSPECTNESS, s£r-k&m-sp£kt-n£s, s. Cau-
tion, vigilance.
CIRCUMSTANCE, s£r£k&m-stanse, s. Something
appendant or relative to a fact ; accident, something ad-
ventitious; incident, event ; condition, state of affairs.
To CIRCUMSTANCE, s£rikfcm-stanse, v. a. To
place in particular situation, or relation to the things.
CiRCUMSTANT, sSrikum-stant, adj. Surrounding.
CIRCUMSTANTIAL, s^r-k&m-stan^shal, adj. Ac-
cidental, not essential ; incidental, casual ; full of small
events, detailed, minute.
CIRCUMSTANTIALITY, s£r-k&m-stan-sh£-aW-t£,
s. The state of any thing as modified by its several
circumstances.
CIRCUMSTANTIALLY, s£r-k&m-stanishal-l£, adv.
According to circumstances, not essentially ; minutely,
exactly.
To CIRCUMSTANTIATE, s£r-k&m-stan£sh£-ate,
v. a. 91. To place in particular circumstances ; to plac*
in a particular condition.
To CIRCUMVALLATE, s£r-k&.m-val-late, v. a. 91
To enclose round with trenches or fortifications.
CIRCUMVALLATION, s£r-kum-val-la-sh&n, s.
The art or act of casting up fortifications round a place ;
the fortification thrown up round a place besieged.
ClRCUMVECTlON, s3r-k&m-v£k-sh&n, s. The act
of carrying round ; the state of being carried round.
To CIRCUMVENT, s£r-k&m-v£nt,' v. a. To d«
ceive, to cheat.
CLA
86
CLA
63- 559- Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, m5t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, mive l&4f
CIRCUMVENTION, seY-kim-v5n£shin, s. Fraud, To CLACK, klik, v. n. To make a clacking noite-,
imposture, cheat, delusion. j to let the tongue run.
To CiRCUMVEST, se'r-k&m-v^st,' v. a. Tocorer CLAD, klid, part. pret. from Clothe. Clothed, in-
round with a garment ; to surround. | vested, garbed.
ClRCUMVOLATiON, sSr-k&m-vi-la-shin, *. The To CLAIM, klame, v. a. 202. To demand of
act of flying round. right, to require authoritatively.
CrRCUMVOLVE, s3r-kdm-v&lv,/ v. a. To roll round. CLAIM, klame, s. A demand of any thing as due ;
CIRCUMVOLUTION, s£r-k&m-v6-la-shfin, s. The a title to any privilege or possession in the hands of
act of rolling round ; the thing rolled round another. p^elsTon'Sf another? °f *"* **"* ^ * to **
CIRCUS, s£rikus, 1 415 337< An f^ or CLAIMABLE, klaima-bl, adj. That which may be
CIRQUE, serk, j | demanded as due.
area for sports. CLAIMANT, klai-mint, J. He that demands any
ClST, slst, s. A case, a tegument, commonly the thing as uiyustly detained by another.
enclosure of a tumour.
ClSTED, sis^t^d, adj. Enclosed in a cist, or bag.
CLAIMER, kla-m&r, s. 98. He that makes a do
mand.
CISTERN, sis^t&rn, s. 98. A receptacle of water To CLAMBER, klam^bfir, v. n. To climb with dif-
for domestick uses ; a reservoir, an enclosed fountain ; | ficulty
any watery receptacle.
ClSTUS, sls^t&s, s. Rockrose.
ClT, sit, S. An inhabitant of a city ; a word of con-
tempt ; a pert low townsman.
CITADEL, sit^i-d^l, s. A fortress, a castle.
ClTAL, si-til, s. Impeachment ; summons, citation,
To CLAMM, klim, v. n. To clog with any gluti-
nous matter.
B5" This word ought to be written with single m ; both
from its derivation, and from a rule that seems to have
obtained in our language, namely, that monosyllables be-
ginning with a consonant do not double any consonant
at the end, except/, /, and s. The substantive Butt, and
quotation.
uuuiauuu. tne vero to Bua, seem the only exceptions.
CITATION, sl-taish&n, s. The calling a person be. ' CLAMMINESS, klam-mi-nes, *. Viscosity, Tiscidi-
fore the judge ; quotation from another author; the! ty.
passage or words quoted ; enumeration, mention. CLAMMY, klam>me, adj. Viscous, glutinous.
ClTATORY, sKti-tA-r4, adj. 512. Having the CLAMOROUS, klimimfir-&s, adj. 555. Vocife-
power or form of citation. \ rouS) noisy.
To CITE, site, v. a. To summon to answer in a CLAMOUR, klimim&r, * 418. Outcry, noise, ex.-
court ; to enjoin, to call upon another authoritatively; clamation, vociferation.
to quote, ; To CLAMOUR, klimimir, t>. n. To make out-
CTTEH, sUt&r, *. One who cites into a court ; one j crjes> to exclaim> to vodferate.
iio quotes. __ CLAMP, klimp, s. A piece of wood joined to ano-
ther to strengthen it; a piece of iron used to join
stones together ; a quantity of bricks.
ClTESS, sit-t^s,' *. A city woman.
ClTHERN, sl/A'&rn, s. 98. A kind of harp.
CITIZEN, sit^ zn, s. 103. A freeman of a city j To CLAMP, klamp, v. a. To strengthen by meanj
a townsman, not a gentleman ; an inhabitant.
ClTRINE, sit-rin, adj. 140. Lemon-coloured.
of a clamp.
CLAN, klan, j. A family, a race ; a body or sect
CITRINE, sitWn, /. 140. A species of crystal, of" ofpc"0"8-
an extremelv pure, dear, and fine texture. , CLANCULAR, kling-kU&r, *dj. 88. Clandestine,
CITRON, sltitrin, i. 415. A large kind of lemon ; 'secret-
the citron tree. One sort, with a pointed fruit, is in , CLANDESTINE, klan-d^s-tln, adj. 14O. Secret,
great esteem.
CITRON-WATER, sititr&n-waUir, *. Aqua vitje,
distilled with the rind of citrons.
CTTRUL, sit-tr&l, s. A pumpion.
ClTY, slt-ti, *. A large collection of houses and in-
habitants ; a town corporate, that hath a bishop , the in-
habitants of a city.
ClTY, slt^t^, adj. Relating to the city.
CIVET, siviit, s. 99. A perfume from the civet cat.
hidden.
CLANDESTINELY, klin-d£s£tin-l£, adv. SccrcUy,
privately.
CLANG, kling, j. A sharp, shrill noise.
To CLANG, kling, v. n. To clatter, to make a loud
shrill nois*
CLANGOUR, klingigir, s. 314. A loud shr:ii
sound.
CLANGOUS, klingigis, adj. Making a clang.
ClVICK, slv^ik, adj. Relating to civil honours, not CLANK, klingk, s. A loud, shrill, sharp noise.
military.
CIVIL, siv-il, adj. Relating to the community, po-
litical; not foreign, intestine; not ecclesiastical; not
military ; civilized, not barbarous ; complaisant, gentle,
well bred ; relating to the ancient consular or imperial
government, as civil law.
CIVILIAN, si- viliyin, s. 113. One that professes
the knowledge of the old Roman law.
CIVILITY, si-viW-ti, t. 511. Freedom from bar-
barity ; politeness, complaisance, elegance of behavi-
our ; rule of decency, practice of politeness.
CIVILIZATION, siv-^-14-zaishin, s. The state of
being civilized, the art of civilizing.
To CIVILIZE, sivMUze, v. a. To reclaim from
savageness and brutality.
ClVILIZER, slviil-ll-zir, *. He that reclaims others
from a wild and savage life.
ClVlLl.Y, slv-il-li, adv. In a manner relating to
government; politely, complaisantly, without rude-
ness-
CLACK, klik, s. Any thing that makes a lasting
and importunate nnise: the clack of a mill, a bell that
riitfs when more corn is required to be put in.
To CLAP, klip, v. a. To strike together with a
quick motion ; to put one thing to another suddenly ;
to do any thing with a sudden has>ty motion ; to cele-
brate or praise by clapping the hands, to applaud ; to
infect with a venereal poison ; to clap up, to complete
suddenly.
To CLAP, klip, v. n. To move nimbly, with a
noise; to enter with alacrity and briskness upon any
thing ; to strike the hands together in applause.
CLAP, klip, *. A loud noise made by sudden colli-
sion ; a sudden or unexpected act or motion ; an explo-
sion of thunder; an act of applause; a veneieal infec-
tion ; the nether part of the beak of a hawk.
CLAPPER, klipip&r, s. 98. One who claps with his
hands ; the tongue of a bell.
To CLAPPERCLAW, klapi-pir-klaw, D. n. To
tongue-beat, to scold. A low word.
CLARENCEUX, or CLARENCIEUX, kliri£n-sh<!i, «.
The second king at arms : so named from the dutchy
of Clarence.
CLARE-OBSCURE, klirc-ob-skiire,' *. Light .ina
shade in painting.
CLA
89
CLE
D&- 167, nit 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — 611 299 — po&nd 313— thin 466 — THis 469.
CLAYMARL, kla-marl, s. A chalky clay.
CLEAN, kl£ne, adj. 227. Free from dirt or filth ;
chaste, innocent, guiltless ; elegant, neat, not unwieldy ;
not leprous.
CLEAN, klene, adv. Quite, perfectly, fully, com-
pletely.
To CLEAN, kl£ne, v. a. To free from din.
Cl.ARICORD, klari4-k5rd, s. A musical instrument
in form of a spinet.
CLARIFICATION, klar-£-f£-ka£sh&n, s. The act
of making any thinp clear from impurities.
To CLARIFY, klar^-fl, v. a. 511. To purify or
clear ; to brighten, to illuminate.
CLARION, klare-yin, s. 113. 534. A trumpet.
CLARITY, kliri4-t£, s. 511. Brightness, splendour.
CLARY, klair£, s. An herb.
To CtASH, klash, v. n. To make a noise by mu-
tual collision ; to act with opposite power, or contrary
direction ; to contradict, to oppose.
To CLASH, klash, v. a. To strike one thing against
another.
CLASH, klash, s. A noisy collision of two bodies ;
opposition ; contradiction.
CLASP, klisp, *. A hook to hold any tiling close ;
an embrace.
To CLASP, klasp, v. a. To shut with a clasp; to
catch hold by twining ; to enclose between the hands; to
embrace ; to enclose.
CLASPER, klas-p&r, s. The tendrils or threads of
creeping plants.
CLASPKNIFE, klaspinife, $. A knife which folds
into the handle.
CLASS, klas, J. A rank or order of persons ; a num-
ber of boys learning the same lesson ; a set of beings or
things.
To CLASS, klas, v. a. To range according to some
stated method of distribution.
CLASSICAL, klasisi-kal, 7 ,.
CLASSICK, klas^sik, £ «** Rehtine to an'
tique authors; of the first order or rank.
CLASSICK, klas^slk, s. An author of the first
rank.
CLASSIFICATION, klas-sd-te-kaish&n, s. Rang-
ing into classes.
CLASSIS, klas^sls, s. Order, sort, body.
To CLATTER, klatit&r, v. n. To make a noise by
knocking two sonorous bodies frequently together ; to
utter a noise by being struck together; to talk fast and
idly.
To CLATTER, klatit&r, v. a. To strike any thing
so as to make it sound ; to dispute, jar, or clamour.
CLATTER, klatit&r, s. A rattling noise made by
frequent collision of sonorous bodies; any tumultuous
and confused noise.
CLAVATED, klav£a-t£d, adj. Knobbed.
CLAUDENT, klaw-d£nt, adj. Shutting, enclosing.
To CLAUDICATE, kl4w£d£-kate, v. n. To halt.
CLAUDICATION, klaw-d^-ka^sh&n, s. The habit
of halting.
CLAVE, klave. The preterit of Cleave.
CLAVELLATED, klavi^l-la-tdd, adj. Made with
burnt tartar. A chymical term.
CLAVICLE, klavie-kl, s. 405. The collar-bone.
CLAUSE, klawz, *. A sentence, a single part of dis-
course, a subdivision of a larger sentence; an article,
or particular stipulation.
CLAUSTRAL, kliwsitral, adj. Relating to a cloi-
ster.
CLAUSURE, klawizhfrre, s. 452. Confinement.
CLAW, klaw, s. The foot of a beast or bird armed
with sharp nails; a hand, in contempt.
To Cl.AW, kllw, v. a. To tear with nails or claws ;
to tear or scratch in general ; To claw off, to scold.
CLAWBACK, klaw-b&k, s. A flatterer, a wheedler.
CLEANLILY,
adv. 234. in a cleanly
.
CLEANLINESS, kl5n'lA-n3s, *. Freedom from dirt
or filth ; neatness of dress, purity.
CLEANLY, kl£n-l£, adj. 234. Free from dirtines*,
pure in the person ; that makes cleanliness ; pure, im-
maculate ; nice, artful.
CLEANLY, kl<*neil£, adv. 227. Elegantly, neat-
ly-
CLEANNESS, kl^nein&S, s. Neatness, freedom from
filth ; easy exactness, justness ; natural, unlaboured
correctness; purity, innocence.
To CLEANSE, kl£nz, v. a. 515. To free from
filth or dirt ; to purify from guilt ; to free from noxi-
ous humours ; to free from leprosy ; to scour.
CLEANSER, kl4n-z&r, s. 98. That which has the
quality of evacuating foul humours.
CLEAR, kl&re, adj. 227. Bright, pellucid, trans-
parent; serene; perspicuous, not obscure, not ambi-
guous; indisputable, evident, undeniable; apparent,
manifest, not hid; unspotted, guiltless, irreproachable;
free from prosecution, or imputed guilt, guiltless ; free
from deductions or encumbrances ; out of debt; unen-
tangled; at a safe distance from danger; canorous,
sounding distinctly.
CLEAR, kl£re, adv. Clean, quite, completely.
To CLEAR, klch-e, v. a. To make bright, to
brighten ; to free from obscurity ; to purge from the
imputation of guilt, to justify ; tocleanse; to discharge,
to remove any encumbrance ; to free from anything
offensive; to clarify, as to clear liquors; to gain with-
out deduction.
To CLEAR, kl^re, v. n. To grow bright, to reco-
ver transparency ; to be disengaged from incumbrances
or entanglement1;.
CLEARANCE, kleiranse, s. A certificate that a
ship has been cleared at the custom-house.
CLEARER, kl^rti&r, s. Brightencr, purifier, er-
lightener.
CLEARLY, kl^re-le, adv. Brightly, luminously ;
plainly, evidently; with discernment, acutely; with-
out entanglement; without deduction or cost; without
reserve, without subterfuge.
CLEARNESS, kl£rt-n£s, s. Transparency, bright-
ness ; splendour, lustre ; distinctness, perspicuity.
CLEARSIGHTED, kl^retsl t£d, adj. Discerning,
judicious.
To CLEARSTARCH, kldre-startsh, v. a. To stiffen
with starch.
CLEARSTARCHER, kl£re£startsh-ur, s. One who
washes fine linen.
To CLEAVE, kl^ve, v. n. 227. To adhere, to stick,
to hold to ; to unite aptly, to fit ; to unite iu concord ;
to be concomitant.
To CLEAVE, kl(Jve, v. a. To divide with violence,
to split; to divide.
To CLEAVE, kldve, v. n. To part asunder ; to
suffer division.
CLEAVER, kliiiv&r, s. 98. A butcher'e instrument
to cut animals into joints.
CLEF, klif, s. A mark at the beginning of the linei
of a song, which shows the tone or key in which the
piece is to begin.
is trie common fault of Professions, liberal at
CLAWED, kliwd, adj. 359. Furnished or armwlwt11^™^a"^>al\tovi^ateth/lrt^^ira,ltevmfKThus
* . even without tlie plea of brevity, clef is changed by mu
with claws. i . . . . .. ~
CLAY, kla, s. Unctuous and tenacious earth.
To CLAY, kla, v. a. To cover with clay.
CLAY-COLD, klaikold, adj. Cold as the uuani-
roatcd earth.
CLAY-PIT, kla-plt, *. A pit where clay is dug.
CLAYF.Y, kla-t1, adj. Consisting of c'ay.
sieians int
CLEFT, kleft, part. pass, from Cleave. Divided.
CLEFT, kl£ft, s. A space made by the separation
of parts, a crack ; in farriery, clefts are cracks in the
heels of a horse.
To CLEFTGRAFT, kl£ft-graft, v.a. ToengraAbjr
cleaving the stock of a tree.
CLI
90
CLO
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m& 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — 116 162, mdve 164,
CLEMENCY, klern-me'n-si, s. Mercy, remission of
severity.
CLEMENT, kl£m-m£nt, adj. Mild, gentle, merci-
ful.
To CLEPE, klipe, v. a. To call, to name. — See
Ycleped. Obsolete.
CLERGY, klSr'ji, s. The body of men set apart by
due ordination for the service of God,
CLERGYMAN, kl£r-j£-man, s. 88. A man in ho-
ly orders, not a laick.
CLERICAL, kl£r-£-kal, adj. Relating to the clergy.
Cl-ERK, klark, s. 100. A clergyman; a scholar,
a man of letters ; a man employed under another as
a writer; a petty writer in public offices ; the layman
who reads the responses to the congregation in the
church, to direct the rest.
CLERKSHIP, klark-shlp, s. Scholarship ; the office
of a clerk of any kind.
CLEVER, kl£v-&r, adj. 98. Dexterous, skilful ;
just, fit, proper, commodious ; well-shaped, handsome.
CLEVERLY, kl£v-&r-te, adv. liexterousty, fitly,
handsomely.
CLEVERNESS, kl5v-5r-n&>, s. Dexterity, skill.
CLEW, k!6, s. Thread wound upon a bottom ; a
guide, a direction.
To CLEW, kli, v. a. To clew the sails, is to raise
them in order to be furled.
To CLICK, kllk, v. n. To make a sharp, successive
noise.
CLIENT, kll^nt, s. One who applies to an advocate
for counsel and defence ; a dependant.
CLIENTED, kll^n-t&d, part. adj. Supplied with
clients.
CLIENTELE, kll-£n-t£le,' s. The condition or office
of a client
CLIENTSHIP, klU£nt-sh1p, s. The condition of a
client.
steep roc,, a rock.
CLIMACTER, kll-mak-tftr, s. 1 22. A certain pro
gression of years, supposed to end in a dangerous time
of life.
CLIMACTERICK, klIm-ak-t£rMk, 53O.
CLIMACTERICAL, kllm-ak-t£rir<i-kal,
Containing a certain number of years, at the end of
which some great change is supposed to befall the body,
CLIMATE, kllimate, 91. ?
*- 5. A space
>i
CLIMATURE, klKma-tshire, 463
upon the surface of the earth, measured from the equa-
tor to the polar circles ; in each of which spaces the
longest day is half an hour longer than in that nearer the
equator. From the polar circles to the poles, climates
are measured bv the increase of a month ; a region or
tract of land differing from another by the temperature
of the air.
CLIMAX, kll-maks, 5. Gradation, ascent, a figure
in rhetorick, by which the sentence rises gradually.
To CLIMB, klime, v. n. To ascend to any place.
To CLIMB, kllme, v. a. To ascend.
CUMBER, kllimfir, f. One that mounts or scales
any place, a mounter, a riser ; a plant that creeps upon
other supports; the name of a particular herb.
CLIME, kllme, s. Climate, region ; tract of earth.
To CLINCH, kllnsh, v. a. To hold in hand with
the fingers bent ; to contract or double the fingers ; to
bend the point of a nail on the other side; to confirm,
to fix, as, To clinch an argument.
CLINCH, kllnsh, s. A pun, an ambiguity.
CLINCHER, klinshi&r, s. 98. A cramp, a holdfast.
To CLING, kllng, v. n. To hang upon by twining
round; to dry up, to consume.
CLINGY, kllngk, adj. Clinging, adhesive.
CLINICAL, klln^-kal, ? ,.
CLINICK, kllnilk, $ "*• Keeping "*
through sicknes.-.
To CLINK, kllngk, v. n. 405. To utter a
Interrupted noise.
CLINK, kllngk, s. 405. A sharp successive noise.
CLINQUANT, kllngkiint, adj. Shining, glittering.
To CLIP, klip, v. a. To embrace, by throwing the
arms round ; to cut with sheers ; it is particularly used
of those who diminish coin ; to curtail, to cut short ;
to confine, to hold.
CLIPPER, kfip-p&r, I. One that debases coin by
cutting.
CUPPING, klipiplng, s. The part cut or clipped off.
CLOAK, kloke, s. The outer garment ; a conceal-
ment.
To CLOAK, klAke, v. a. To cover with a cloak ;
to hide, to conceal.
CLOAKBAG, k!6ke-bag, s. A portmanteau, a bag
in which clothes are carried.
CLOCK, kl&k, s. The instrument which tells the
hour ; the clock of a stocking, the flowers or inverted
work about the ankle ; a sort of beetle.
CLOCKMAKER, kl&k-ma-kfir, s. An artificer
whose profession is to make clocks.
CLOCKWORK, k!6k£w&rk, s. Movements by weight*
or springs.
CLOD, k!5d, S. A lump of earth or clay ; a turf,
the ground ; any thing vile, base, and earthly ; a dull
fellow, a dolt.
To CLOD, kl&d, v. n. To gather into concretions,
to coagulate.
To CLOD, k!5d, v. a. To pelt with clods.
CLOUDY, k!6d-d£, ailj. Consisting of earth or clods,
earthy; full of clods unbroken.
CLODPATE, klid^pate, s. A stupid fellow, a dolt,
a thickskull.
CLODPATED, kl&d-pa t£d, adj. Doltish, thought-
less.
CLODPOLL, kl&d-pAle, 5. A thickscull, a dolt.
CLOFF, klif, s. Iu commerce, an allowance of two
pounds in every hundred weight. A bag or case in
which goods are carried. — See Claugh.
To CLOG, k!5g, v. a. To load with something that
may hinder motion ; to hinder, to obstruct ; to load,
to burden.
To CLOG, kl&g, v. n- To coalesce, to adhere ; to
be encumbered or impeded.
CLOG, k!5g, *. Any encumbrance hung to hinder
motion; a hinderance, an obstruction; a kind of ad-
ditional shoe worn by women, to keep them from wet ;
a wooden shoe.
CLOGGDJESS, klftgigi nds, s. The state of behig
clogged.
CLOGGY, kligi-ge, adj. 283. That which has tha
power of clogging up.
CLOISTER, kldlsUur, s. A religious retirement ; a
peristile, a piazza.
To CLOISTER, klSIs-t&r, v. a To shut up in a
religious house ; to immure from the world.
CLOISTERAL, klolsit&r-al, adj. 88. Solitary, re-
tired.
CLOISTERED, kldlsit&rd, part. adj. Solitary, »i»-
habiting cloisters ; built with peristiles or piazzas.
CLOISTERESS, klSls-tr£s, s. A nun.
CLOMB, klftm. Preterit of To Climb.
To CLOOM, kl66m, v. a. To shut with viscous
matter.
To CLOSE, klAze, v. a. 437. To shut, to lay to-
gether ; to conclude, to finish ; to enclose, to confine ;
to join ; to unite fractures.
To CLOSE, klAze, v. n. To coalesce, to join its own
parts together; To close upon, to agree upon; To
close with, or, To close in with, to come to an agree-
ment with, to unite with.
CLOSE, klAse, s. A small field enclosed.
CLOSE, klAzc, s. The time of shutting up j a
grapple in wrestling ; a pause or cessation ; a conclu-
sion or end.
CLOSE, klAse, adj. 437. 499. Shut fast ; without
vent, without inlet ; confined ; compact, concise, brief;
immediate, without any interveuing distance or spai*
CLO
91
CLU
n5r 167, nit 163— tibe 171, tub 172, bill 173— oil 299 — poind 313 — thin 466 — THis 469.
joined one to another ; narrow, as a close alley ; ad-
mitting small distance; hidden, secret, not revealed;
having the quality of secrecy, trusty ; reserved, cove-
tous ; cloudy, without wandering, attentive; full to
the point, home ; retired, solitary ; secluded from com-
munication ; dark, cloudy, not clear.
CLOSEBODIED, klAse-bicWd, adj. 99. Made to
fit the body exactly.
CLOSEHANDED, klAse-hlnid£d, adj. Covetous ;
more commonly Closefisted.
CLOSELY, k!6se-l£, adv. Without inlet or outlet ;
without much space intervening, nearly ; secretly, sly-
ly ; without deviation.
CLOSENESS, klAse-n^s, *. The state of being shut ;
narrowness, straitness ; want of air, or ventilation ; com-
pactness, solidity ; recluseness, solitude, retirement ;
secrecy, privacy ; covetousness, sly avarice; connexion,
dependence.
CLOSER, klA^zir, s. A finisher, a concluder.
CLOSESTOOL, klAse-stfiol, s. A chamber imple-
ment.
CLOSET, kl&z-It, j. 99. A small room of privacy
and retirement ; a private repository of curiosities.
To CLOSET, klSzilt, «;. a. To shut up or conceal
in a closet; to take into a closet for a secret interview.
CLOSURE, klA^zhire, s. 452. The act of shutting
up; that by which anything is closed or shut; the
parts enclosing, enclosure ; conclusion, end.
Cl.OT, klit, s. Concretion, grume.
To CLOT, kl&t, v. n. To form clots, to hang to-
gether ; to concrete, to coagulate.
CLOTH, kl&th, s. 467. Any thing woven for dress
or covering; the piece of linen spread upon a table;
the canvass on which pictures are delineated ; in the
plural, dress, habit, garment, vesture. Pronounced
Cloze.
To CLOTHE, klArne, v. a. 467. To invest with
garments, to cover with dress ; to adorn with dress ; to
furnish or provide with clothes.
CLOTHES, klAze, 5. Garments, raiment ; those co-
verings of the body that are made of cloth.
|f5» This word is not in Johnson's vocabulary, though
he has taken notice of it under the word Cloth, and says
it is the plural of that word. With great deference to his
authority, I think it is rather derived from the verb to
clnthe, than from the noun cloth., as this word hag its re-
gular plural cloths, which plural regularly sounds the th
as in this, 469, and not as z, as if written cloze ; which is a
corruption that, in my opinion, is not incurable. I see
no reason why we may not as easily pronounce the th in
this word as in the third person of the verb To clothe.
ClOTHlER, kloTHe^yer, s. 1 13. A maker of cloth.
CLOTHING, kliTHe^ing, s. 410. Dress, vesture,
garments.
( 'l OTHSHEARER, klfo/t- sh££r- ur, s. One who
J rims the cloth.
Cl OTPOLL, kl&tipole, s. Thickskull, blockhead.
To CLOTTER, kl&t-tur, v. n. To concrete, to coa-
gulate.
C LOTTY, kl5t-t£, adj. Full of clots, concreted.
C LOUD, kloud, s. The dark collection of vapours in
the air ; the veins or stains in stones, or other bodies ;
any state of obscurity or darkness.
7 1) CLOUD, kl6fid, v. a. To darken with clouds ;
to obscure, to make less evident ; to variegate with dark
veins.
7'i) CLOUD, kloud, v. n. To grow cloudy.
CLOUDBERRY, kloud-b£r-r£, s. A plant, called
also knotberry.
CLOUDCAPT, kloud-kSpt, adj. Topped with clouds.
CLOUDCOMPELLING, kloud-k&m-peUling, adj.
410. An epithet of Jupiter, by whom clouds were
supposed to be collected.
CLOUDILY, kloud-d^-l£, adv. With clouds, dark-
ly ; obscurely, not perspicuously.
CLOUDINESS, kl6uidd-n^s, s. The state of being
covered with clouds, darkness ; want of brightness.
CLOUDLESS, kloudilds, adj. Clear, unclouded, lu
ruinous.
CLOUDY, kloml-dd, adj. Obscured with cloud* ;
dark, obscure, not intelligible; gloomy of look, not
open, not cheerful ; marked with spots or veins.
CLOUGH, klSi, s. 313. The cleft of a hill, a cliff,
also, a narrow glen or valley.
J£5" This word was formerly used to signify an allow
ance in weight, when it was pronounced as if written Clojf.
Good usage, however, has distinguished these differtir,
significations by a different spelling ; for though it is
highly probable these words have the same root, and that
they both signify a chasm, a gap, or seme excision, yet
to distinguish these different significations by a different
pronunciation only, though a very plausible pretext for
remedying the imperfections of language, is really preg •
nant with the greatest disadvantages to it. — See Bowl.
CLOVE, k!6ve. Preterit of Cleave.
CLOVE, klove, S. A valuable spice brought from
Ternate; the fruit or seed of a very large tree; some
of the parts into which garlick separates.
CLOVE-GILLIFLOWER, kl6ve-jll-l£-flour, j. A
flower smelling like cloves.
CLOVEN, k!6-vn, 103. part, jrret. from Cleave.
CLOVEN-FOOTED, klfiivn-fftt^d, 7 ,.
CLO VEN- HOOFED, kl6ivn-ho6ft,' $ "*' Having
the foot divided into two parts.
CLOVER, klA-v&r, s. A species of trefoil ; To live
in clover, is to live luxuriously.
CLOVERED, klo^vurd, adj. 359. Covered with
clover.
Ct.OUT, klout, s. A cloth for any mean use ; a
patch on a shoe or coat ; anciently the mark of white
cloth at which archers shot; an iron plate to an axle-
tree.
To CLOUT, klout, v. a. To patch, to mend coarse-
ly ; to cover with a cloth ; to join awkwardly together
CLOUTED, klou-t£d, j>art. adj. Congealed, coagu-
lated.
CLOUTERLY, klou-tur-l£, adj. Clumsy, awkward.
CLOWN, kluuu, S. A r us tick, a churl ; a coarse
ill-bred man.
CLOWNERY, klouniur-r£, s. Ill-breeding, chur-
lishness.
CLOWNISH, kloun-ish, adj. Consisting of rusticki
or clowns; uncivil, ill-bred; clumsy, ungainly.
CLOWNISHLY, kl6un£ish-l<J, adv. Coarsely, rudely.
CLOWNISHNESS, kloun£lsh-n£s, s. Rusticity,
coarseness ; incivility, brutality.
CLOWN'S-MUSTARD, kl6unz-mus-turd, s. An
herb.
To CLOY, klo£, «. a. To satiate, to sate, to sur-
feit ; to nail up guns, by striking a spike into the touch-
hole.
CLOYLESS, klo£-13s, adj. That which cannot cause
satiety.
CLOYMENT, klo^-m^nt, s. Satiety, repletion.
CLUB, klftb, s. A heavy stick ; the name of one of
the suits of cards ; the shot or dividend of a reckoning ;
an assembly of good fellows; concurrence, contribution,
joint charge.
To CLUB, klub, v. n. To contribute to a common
expense ; to join to one effect.
To CLUB, klub, V. a. To pay a common reckoning.
CLUBHEADED, klubih£d-£d, adj. Having a thick
head.
CLUB-LAW, kl&b-law, s. The law of arms.
CLUBROOM, klub^room, s. The room in which a
club or company assembles.
To CLUCK, kluk, v. n. To call chickens as a hen.
CLUMP, klSmp, s. A shapeless piece of wood ; •
small cluster of trees.
CLUMPS, klumps, s. A numbscull.
CLUMSILY, klum-z£-l£, adv. Awkwardly.
CLUMSINESS, klum-zd-n£s, 5. Awkwardness, un-
gainliness, want of dexterity.
CLUMSY, klimiz£, adj. Awkward, heavy, un-
handy.
CLUNG, kl&ng. The preterit and participle of Cling.
CLUSTER, kl&s^t&r, s. 98. A bunch, a number
of things of the sains kind growing or joined together ;
COA
cot
559. Fate- 73, far 77, (111 83, fit 1 1 — mt* 93, m5t 95— pine 106, pin 107— nA 162, rrAve 164,
a number of animals gathered together ; a body of peo-
ple collected.
To CLUSTER, klfis-tfir, v. n. To grow in bunches.
To CLUSTER, kl&sit&r, v. a. To collect any thing
into bodies.
CLUSTER-GRAPE, klfisit&r-grape, s. The small
black grape, called the currant.
..CLUSTERY, klfisit6r-r^, adj.
ters.
Growing in clus-
To CLUTCH, kl&tsh, v. a. To hold in the hand ;
to gripe ; to grasp ; to contract, to double the hand.
CLUTCH, klfttsh, s. The gripe, grasp, seizure ; the
paws, the talons.
CLUTTER, kl&tit&r, 5. 98. A noise ; a bustle, a
hurry.
To CLUTTER, kl&t-t&r, v. n. To make a noise or
bustle.
CLYSTER, kllsU&r, s. An injection into the anus.
To COACERVATE, kA^-s&rivate, r. a. 91. 503. b.
To heap up together.
jf^- Every Dictionary but Entick's has the accent on
the penultimate syllable of this word ; and that this is
the true accentuation, we may gather from the tendency
of the accent to rest on the same syllable as in the Latin
word it is derived from, when the same number of sylla-
bles are in both ; as in coacervo and coacervate.—See
Ariftate.
COACERVATION, kA-as-s£r-va£sh&n, s. The act
of heaping.
COACH, kAtsh, j. A carriage of pleasure, or state.
To COACH, kAtsh, v. a. To carry in a coach.
COACH-BOX, kAtshi-bAks, s. The seat on which
the driver of the coach sits.
COACH-HIRE, kAtsh-hire, s. Money paid for the
use of a hired coach.
COACH-MAN, kAtshiman, s. 88. The driver of a
coach.
To CoACT, kA-akt/ v. n. To act together in con-
cert.
COACTION, kA-ak^sh&n, s. Compulsion, force.
COACTIVE, kA ak^tlv, adj. 157. Having the
force of restraining or impelling, compulsory ; acting
in concurrence.
COADJUMENT, kA-ad'ji-me'nt, s. Mutual assist-
ance.
COADJUTANT, kA-ad^jfi-tant, adj. Helping, co-
operating.
COADJUTOR, kA-ad-j&it&r, s. 166. A fellow
helper, an assistant, an associate ; in the canon law,
one who is empowered to perform the duties of ano-
ther.
COADJUVANCY, kA-adij£l-van-s^, s. Help, con-
current help.
COADUNITION, kA-ad-i-nlsh£un, s. The conjunc-
tion of different substances into one mass.
To COAGMENT, kA-ag-m£nt,' v. a. To congre-
gate.
COAGMENTATION, kA-ag.m3n taish&n, s. Coa-
cervation into one mass, union.
COAGULABLE, kA-agii-la-bl, adj. That which is
capable of concretion.
To COAGULATE, kA-agifc-lite, ». a. 91. To force
into concretions.
To COAGULATE, kA-agifc-late, v. n. To run into
concretions.
COAGULATION, kA-ag-&-la-sh&n, *. Concretion,
congelation ; the body formed by coagulation.
COAGULATIVE, kA-agifc-la-tlv, adj. That which
has the power of causing concretion.
Co AGUL ATOR, ki-agiS-la-tur, s. 52 1 . That which
causes coagulation.
COAL, kAle, s. 295. The common fossile fuel ; the
cinder of burnt wood, charcoal.
To COAL, kAle, v. a. To burn wood to charcoal ;
to delineate with a coal.
COAL- MINE, kAl^mlne, S. A mine in which coal«
are dug.
COAL-PIT, kAlei-pIt, s. A pit fc;r digging coals.
COAL-STONE, kolt-istAne, s. A sort of cannel coal.
COAL-WORK, kAk-iwurk, s. A coalery, a piacs
where coals are found.
COALERY, kA^l£r e, s. A place where coals are dug.
To COALESCE, kA-a-l£s^ v. n. To unite in masses ;
to grow together, to join.
COALESCENCE, kA-a-l^s^sense, s. Concretion, u-
nion.
COALITION, kA-a-llsh'&n, t. Union in one mass
or body.
COALY, kAU£, adj. Containing coal.
COAPTATION, kA-ap-ta-sh&n, •*. The adjustment
of parts to each other.
To COARCT, kA-arkt/ v. a. To straiten, to con-
fine ; to contract power.
COARCTATION, kA ark-taish&n, s. Confinement,
restraint to a narrow space ; contraction of any space ;
restraint of liberty.
COARSE, kArse, adj. Not refined ; rude, uncivil ;
gross; inelegant; unaccomplished by education ; meaa,
vile.
COARSELY, kArse^l^, adv. Without fineness, mean.
ly, not elegantly; rudely, not civilly : ineleeantly.
COARSENESS, kArse^nes, s. Impurity, unrefined
state; roughness, want of fineness; grossness, want "of
delicacy ; rudeness of manners ; meanness, want of
nicety.
COAST, kAste, *. The edge or margin of the land
next the sea, the shore ; The coast is clear, the danger
is over.
To COAST, kAste, v. n. To sail by the coast.
To COAST, kAste, v. a. To sail by, or near a place.
COASTER, kAs^t&r, s. He that sails timorously
near the shore. •» •
COAT, kAte, *. The upper garment ; petticoat, the
habit of a boy in his infancy, the lower part of a wo-
man's dress ; vesture, as demonstrative of the office ,
the covering of any animal ; any tegument ; that on
which the ensigns armorial are portrayed.
To COAT, kAte, v. a. To cover, to invest.
COAT- CARD, kAte-kird, s. A card having a coat
on it ; as the King, Queen, or Knave j now corrupted
into Court-Card.
To COAX, kAks, v. a. To wheedle, to flatter.
COAXER, kAksi&r, s. A wheedler, a flatterer.
COB, kAb, s. The head or top.
COB, kAb, s. A sort of sea-fowl.
COBALT, kAb^alt, s. A marcasite plentifully iro
pregnated with arsenick.
To COBBLE, kAb^bl, v. a. 405. To mend any
thing coarsely ; to do or make any thing clumsily.
COBBLER, kAbil&r, s. 98. A mender of old shoes ;
a clumsy workman in general ; any mean person.
COEIRONS, k5b-i-urnz, s. Irons with a knob at tbe
upper end.
COBISHOP, kA-blsh'&p, s. A coadjutant bishop.
COAL-BLACK, kAle'blak, adj. BlacK in the high- I tion of the wind ; a spout to let out water or any othei
est degree 1 liquor at will ; the notch of ai
COBNUT, kol/nut, s. A boy's game.
COBSWAN, kAb^swAn, s. The head or leading
swan.
COBWEB, kibVlb, s. The web or net of a spider ;
any snare or trap.
COCCIFEROUS, kAk-slfif^r-r&s, adj. Plants are so
called that have berries.
COCHINEAL, k&tchiln-^l, s. 165. An insect from
which a red colour is extracted.
COCHLEARY, kAk-ld-a-r£, adj. 353. Screwform.
COCHLEATED, kik-le i-t£d, adj. Of a screwed or
turbinated form.
COCK, kAk, s. The male to the hen ; the male of
any small birds ; the weathercock that shows the dircc-
let out water or any othei
an arrow ; the part of tbe
COD 9$
h6r 167, nit 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bill 173—511 299 — pfl&nd 313— thin 466 — THis 469.
lock of a gun that strikes with the flint ; a cockboat, a
»mall boat ; a small heap of hay ; the form of a hat ;
the sty'e of a dial ; the needle of a balance ; Cock-a-
hoop, triumphant, exulting.
To COCK, k&k, v. a. To set erect, to hold bolt up-
right ; to set up the hat with an air of petulance ; to
mould the form of the hat ; to fix the cock of a gun
for a discharge ; to raise hay in small heaps.
To COCK, k&k, t;. n. To strut, to hold up the head j
to train or use fighting cocks.
COCKADE, k&k-k&de/ 5. A riband worn in the hat.
COCKATRICE, kSk^i-trise, s. 142. A serpent sup-
posed to rise from a cock's egg.
COCKBOAT, k&k-bAte, A-. A small boat belonging
to a ship.
COCKBROTH, k&kibr&fA, s. Broth made by boiling
acock.
COCKCROWING, k&k-krA-Ing, s. The time at
which cocks crow.
To COCKER, kik-kir, v. a. To fondle, to indulge.
COCKER, kik-k&r, s. 98. One who follows the sport
of cock fighting.
COCKEREL, k&kMc&r-ll, *. 555. A young cock.
CoCKET, k&kiklt, *. 99. A seal belonging to the
king's custom-house; likewise a scroll of parchment
delivered by the officers of the custom-house to mer-
chants, as a warrant that their merchandise is entered.
COCKFIGHT, kftkiflte, s. A match of cocks.
COCKHORSE, k5k£h5rse, adj. On horseback, tri-
umphant.
COCKLE, k&k-kl, s. 405. A small shell-fish.
COCKLESTAIRS, k5k-kl-stires, s. Winding or spiral
stairs.
COCKLE, k&k-kl, J. A weed that grows in corn,
corn-rose.
To COCKLE, kik-kl, v. a. To contract into wrin-
kles.
COCKLED, kikMcld, adj. 359. Shelled or turbinated.
COCKLOFT, k&k-15ft, *. The room over the garret
CocKMASTER, kikimls-t&r, s. One that breeds
game cocks.
CoCKMATCH, k&k-mltsh, s. Cockfight for a prize.
COCKNEY, k5kine, s. 270. A native of London j
any effeminate, low citizen.
COCKPIT, k6k-plt, *. The area where cocks fyht j
a place on the lower deck of a man of war.
COCK'S-COMB, k&ksi-kAme, 3, A plant, lousewort.
COCK'S-HEAD, k&ks^h&l, s. A plant, sainfoin.
COCKSPUR, k&kisp&r, s. Virginian hawthorn. A
species of medlar.
COCKSURE, k5k-shAAr,' adj. Confidently, certain.
COCKSWAIN, k&k^sn, s. The officer that has the
command of the cockboat. Corruptly Coxn.— See
Boatswain.
COCKWEED, k&k-wWd, s. A plant, dittander or
pepperwort.
COCOA, kA-kA, *. A species of palm-tree.
COCTH.E, kSkitll, adj. 140. Made by baking.
COCTION, k&k-sh&n, s. The act of boiling.
COD, k6d, •)
CODFISH, k&difish, } '• A sea-fish'
COD, kod, s. Any case or husk in which seeds are
lodged.
To COD, kid, v. a. To enclose in a cod.
CODE, kode, s. A book ; a book of the civil law.
CODICIL, kfid^e-sll, s. An appendage to a will.
CODILLE, kA-dll,' s. A term at ombre and quadrille.
To CODLE, k5d-dl, v. a. 405. To parboil.
ftj* How Dr. Johnson could be guilty of so gross an
oversight as to spell this word and its compounds with one
d is im-onccivable. By the general rule of English pro-
nunciation, as the word stands here, it ought to be pro-
nounced with the o long, the first syllable rhyming with
f'i, no, and so. False and absurd, however, as this spelling
is. the veneration I have for Dr. Johnson's authority for*
Uds me to alter it in thif Dictionary, though I shall never
follow it In practice. Perhaps the same veneration in-
duced Mr. Sheridan to let this word stand as he found it
in Johnson. Dr. Kenrick has ventured to insert another
d in the verb ; but in the substantive, derived from the
present participle Codling, lets it stand with one d. Some
will be apt to think that when d ends a syllable and a con-
sonant follows the d, which begins another, that the busi-
ness is done, and that the quantity of the vowel is suffi-
, .
of orthography is, that, if possible, the letters snouldof
themselves point out the sound of the word, without the
necessity of recurring to etymology to find out the sound
of the letters ; and that we should never have recourse to
etymology, but where fixing the sound would unsettle the
sense. Thus Coddling, a kind of apple, ought to be written
with double d, both because it determine!1 the sound of the
o, and shows its derivation from the verb to Coddle. And
Codling, a small cod-fish, ought to have but one d, because
putting two, in order to fix the sound of o, would confound
it with another word. To write Saddler, therefore, with
one d, as we frequently see it on shops, is an error against
the first principles of spelling ; as, without necessity, it
obliges us to understand the derivation of the word before
we are sure of its sound. The word Stabling and Stabler,
for stable-keeper in Scotland, with the word Fabled in Mil
ton, all present their true sound to the eye without know-
ing their primitives ; and this essential rule has generated
the double consonant in the participles and verbal nouns,
beginning, regretted, complotter, tie. But this rule, ra-
tional and useful as it is, is a thousand times violated by
an affectation of a knowledge of the learned languages, and
an ignorant prejudice against clusters of consonants, as
they are called. Thus couple, trouble, double, treble, and
triple, have single consonants, because their originals in
Latin and French have no more, though double conso-
nants would fix the sound of the preceding vowels, and
be merely double to the eye.
CODLING, k&d-llng, s. An apple generally codled ;
a small codfish.
COEFFICACY, kA-3f-f£-ki-s4, 3. The power of se-
veral things acting together.
COEFFICIENCY, kA-£f-f Ish^n-s4, s. Co-operation,
the state of acting together to some single end.
COEFFICIENT, kA-lf-flsh^nt, s. That which u-
nites its action with the action of another. — SeeKfface.
COEMPTION, kA-3mish&n, s. 412. The act of
buying up the whole quantity of any thing.
COENOBITES, s£niA-bites, s. 156. An order of
monks who had all things in common.
COEQUAL, k6-&qu&l, adj. Equal.
COEQUALITY, kA-^-quil^-te, s. The state of be-
ing equal.
To COERCE, ki-3rse,' v. a. To restrain, to keep
in order by force.
COERCIBLE, kA-Sr£s£-bl, adj. That may be re-
strained ; that ought to be restrained.
COERCION, kA-£rishun, s. Penal restraint, check.
COERCIVE, kA-3r-slv, adj. That which has the
power of laying n-straint ; that which has the authority
of restraining by punishment.
COESSENTIAL, ko-£s-s£nishil, adj. Participating
of the same essence.
COESSENTIAUTY, kA 3s-s§n-sh<*-AM ft*, s. Par-
ticipation of the same essence — See Efface.
CoETANEOUS, kA-£-tain£-frs, adj. Of the *ame
age with another.
COETERNAL, kA-£-t3r-nll, adj. Equally eternal
with another
COETERNALLY, kA £-t£rinJl-li*, adv. In a state
of equal eternity with another.
COETERNITY, kA-4-t£rine-t4, s. Having existence
from eternity, equal with another eternal being.
COEVAL, kA-d-vSl, adj. Of the same age.
COEVAL, kA-i-vil, s. A contemporary.
COEVOUS, kA-^v&S, adj. Of the same age.
To COEXIST, kA-£g-zlst/ v. n. 478. To exist at
the same time.
COEXISTENCE, kA-£g-«lsit£nse, s. Existence at
the same time with another
COEXISTENT, kA-£g-zlsit£nt, adj. Havin
dice at the same time with another.
COG 94 COK
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m«i 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move }r,i,
COGNOSCENCE, k&g-n6s-s£nse, s. Knowledge.
COGNOSCIBLE, k6g-n6s^s£-bl, adj. That may be
known.
To COHABIT, kA-hab^It, v. n. To dwell with ano-
ther in the same place ; to live together as husband and
wife.
COHABITANT, ko-hab^tant, s. An inhabitant of
the same place.
COHABITATION, ki-hab-^-ta^sh&n, j. The state
of inhabiting the same place with another ; the state of
living together as married persons.
COHEIR, ko-are's. One of several among whom an
inheritance is divided.
COHEIRESS, kA-a-r!s, s. 99. A woman who has an
equal share of an inheritance.
To COHERE, kA-h£re,' v. n. To stick together ;
to be well connected ; to suit, to fit ; to agree.
To COEXTEND, k&-£ks-t£nd,' v. a. 477. To ex-
tend to the same space or duration with another.
COEXTF.NSION, ko-£k-st£n-shin, s. The state of
extending to the same space with another.
COFFEE, kftf^fe, s. The berries of the coffee-tree ;
a drink made by the Infusion of those berries in hot
water.
COFFEE-HOUSE, k&fVti hofise, s. A house where
coffee is sold.
COFFEE-MAN, koMe-man, s. 88. One that keeps
a coffee-house.
COFFKE-POT, kifif£-p6t, s. The covered pot in
which coffee is boiled.
COFFER, kS#f&r, i. A chest generally for keeping
money ; in fortification, a hollow lodgment across a dry
moat.
l£f* I have In this word followed the general pronun-
ciation, which I see is confirmed by Dr. Kennck, W.
Johnston, Messrs. Perry, Scott, and Buchanan ; for as it
stands in Mr. Sheridan with the o long, though not with-
out respectable usage on its side, it is a gross irregularity,
which ought, if possible, to be reduced to rule.
To COFFER, kiPfir, v. a. To treasure up in chests.
COFFERER, k&Pf&r-ir, s. 555. A principal officer
of his Majesty's court, next under the comptroller.
COFFIN, kftftfln, s. The chest in which dead bo-
dies are put into the ground ; a mould of paste for a
pie ; Coran of a horse, is the whole hoof of the foot
above the coronet, including the coffin-bone.
To COFFIN, kitf-f In, v. a. To enclose in a coffin.
To COG, k&g, v. a. To flatter, to wheedle ; to ob-
trude by falsehood ; To cog a die. to secure it, so as to
direct its fall ; to fix cogs in a wheel.
To COG, k&g, v. n. To lie, to wheedle.
COG, k&g, s. The tooth of a wheel, by which it
acts upon another wheel.
COGENCY, k6ij£n-s^, s. Force, strength.
COGENT, k6-jlnt, adj. Forcible, resistless, convinc-
ing.
COGENTLY, k&£j5nt-l£, adv. With resistless force,
forcibly.
COGGER, k6g-£ir, * A flatterer, a wheedler.
COGGLESTONE, k&g'gl-stAne, s. A little stone.
COGITABLE, k&djei£-ta-bl, adj. 405. What may
be the subject of thought.
To COGITATE, k6dje£6-tate, v. n. 91. To think.
COGITATION, k6dje-£-ta-sh&n, s. Thought, the
act of thinking ; purpose, reflection previous to action ;
meditation.
COGITATIVE, k&djt-i^-ta-tlv, adj. Having the
power of thought ; given to meditation.
COGNATION, kig-naish&n, *. Kindred, relation,
participation of the same nature.
COGNISEE, k5g-ni-z^' or k&n-£-z<W,' S- He to
whom a fine in lands or tenements is acknowledged. —
See Cognizance-
COGNISOUH, k&g-ni-zor,' or k&n-d-z6r,' s. 314.
He that passeth or acknowledged a fine.
COGNITION, k&g-nlshi&n, s. Knowledge, complete
conviction.
COGNITIVE, k&gind dv, adj. Having the power
of knowing.
COGNIZABLE, k5gint*-zi bl, or k&ni£ zi-bl, adj.
405. That falls under judicial notice; proper to be
tried, judged, or examined.
COGNIZANCE, k5gin£-zanse, or k6ni£-zanse, s.
Judicial notice, trial ; a badge, by which any one is
known.
|Cj- I have in this word and its relatives given the fo-
rensic pronunciation ; but cannot help observing, that it
is so gross a departure from the most obvious rules of the
language, that it is highly incumbent on the gentlemen of
the law to renounce it, and reinstate the excluded g in its
undoubted rights.— See Authority and Cldjf.
COGNOMINAL, k&g-n&mi4-nai, adj. Having the
same name.
COGNOHINATION, kig-n6m-4-na-sh&n, s. A
surname, the name of a family j a name added from
any accident or quality.
S. That state of
COHERENCE,
COHERENCY, ko-h£-r£n
bodies in which their parts are joined together, so that
they icsist sepaiation ; connexion, dependency, the re-
lation of parts or things one to another ; the texture of
a discourse; consistency in reasoning, or relating.
COHERENT, kA-h^rlnt, adj. Sticking together;
suitable to something else, regularly adopted ; consis-
tent, not con trad 'etory.
COHESION, ko-h£-zhun, s. The act of sticking to.
gether ; the state of union ; connexion, dependence.
COHESIVE, ki-h&slv, adj 158.428. That has Ux
power of sticking together.
COHESIVENESS, kA-h&siv-n£s, *. The quality ot
being cohesive.
To COHIBIT, ko-hlb^It, v. a. To restrain, to hinder.
To COHOBATE, kcMio-bate, v. n. 91. To pour
the di-ti ik-d liquor upon the remaining matter, and dis-
til it again.
CoHOBATION, ko-hi-ba-shfin, s. A returning of
any distilled liquor again upon what it was withdrawn
from.
COHORT, k&ih3rt,s. A troop of soldiers, containing
about five hundred foot ; a body of warriors.
COHOHTATION, k6-h6r-ta'sh&n, s. Incitement.
COIF, koif, s. 344. 415. The head-dress, a cap.
See Quoif.
COIFED, kolft, adj. 359. Wearing a coif.
To COIL, koil, v.a. To gather into a narrow compass.
COIL, koll, *. Tumult, turmoil, bustle ; a rope
wound into a ring.
COIN, kSln, s. A corner, called often quoin.
COIN, kuln, s. Money stamped with a legal impres-
sion; payment of any kind.
To COIN, koln, v. a. To mint or stamp metals for
money ; to forge any thing, in an ill sense.
COINAGE, kmniaje, s. 91. The act or practice of
coining money; coin, money; the charges of coining
money ; forgery, invention.
To COINCIDE, kA-in-slde,' t>. n. To fall upon th«
same point ; to concur.
COINCIDENCE, kA-inis^-d^nse, s. The state of
several bodies or lines falling upon the same point ;
concurrence, tendency of things to the same end.
COINCIDENT, ko-ln-s^-ddnt, adj. Falling upon
the same point; concurrent, consistent, equivalent.
COINDICATION, k6-in-de-ka£shun, s. Many symp.
toms betokening the same cause.
COINER, kSinifir, s. 98. A maker of money, a
minter ; a counterfeiter of the king's stamp ; au inven-
tor.
To COJOIN, kA-j31n,' v. n. To join with another.
COISTREL, kolsitrll, s. A coward hawk.
CoiT, kSlt, *. 344. 415. Any thing thrown at a
certain mark. — See Qiwit.
COITION, kA-lshi&n, s. Copulation, the act of
generation ; the act by which two bodies come toge-
ther.
COKE, k6ke, *. Fuel made by burning pit-cool
under earth, and quenching the cinders.
COL
COL
nor 167, not 163 — tiibe 171, tib 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pound 313— /Ain 466 — THis 469.
165. Cabbage.
COLANDER, k&l-lan-d&r, s. 165. A sieve through
which a mixture is poured, and which retains the thick-
er parts.
COLATION, k6 la-shfin, s. The art of filtering or
straining.
COLATURE, koWUtshure, s. 461. The art of
straining, filtration ; the matter strained.
COLBERTINE, kol-bdr-tWn,' s. 112. A kind of
lace worn by women.
COLD, kold, adj. Chill, having the sense of cold ;
having cold qualities, not volatile ; frigid, without pas- 1
sicn; unaffecting, unable to move the passions; re j
served, coy, not affectionate, not cordial; chaste; not,
welcome.
COLD, kold, s. The cause of the sensation of cold, j
the privation of heat; the sensation of cold, chilness; ;
a disease caused by cold, the obstruction of perspira- '
tion. /
COLDLY, kAld-l£, ado. Without heat; without
concern, indifferently, negligently.
COLDNESS, k61d-n£s, S. Want of heat ; unconcern ;
frigidity of temper ; coyness, want of kindness ; chas-
tity.
COLK, kole, )
COLEWORT. kole-w&rt, (
COLICK, kol-lk, *. It strictly is a disorder of the
colon ; but loosely, any disorder of the stomach or !
bowels that is attended with pain.
COLICK, k&l-ik, adj. Affecting the bowels.
To COLLAPSE, k&l-laps,' v. n. To close so as that
one side touches the other ; to fall together.
COLLAPSION, k&l-lap-sh&n, s. The state of ves-
sels closed ; the act of closing or collapsing.
COLLAK, kol-l&r, s. 418. 88. A ring of metal
put round the neck ; the harness fastened about the
horse's neck ; To slip the collar, to disentangle himself
from any engagement or difficulty ; A collar of brawn,
is the quantity bound up in one parcel.
COLLAR-BONE, koWor-bine, s. The clavicle, the
bones on each side of the neck.
To COLLAR, k61-l&r, v. a. To seize by the collar,
to take by the throat ; To collar beef or other meat, to
roll it up, and bind it hard and close with a string or
collar.
To COLLATE, k&l-late' v. a. To compare one
thing of the same kind with another ; to collate books,
to examine if nothing be wanting; to place in an ec-
clesiastical benefice.
COLLATERAL, kol-lat-t£r-al, adj. Side to side ;
running parallel; diffused on either side; those that
stand in equal relation to some ancestor ; not direct,
not immediate; concurrent.
COLLATERALLY, kol-latit£r-al-l<*, adv. Side by
side ; indirectly ; in collateral relation.
COLLATION, k&l-laish&n, s. The act of confer-
ring or bestowing, gift ; comparison of one thing of the
same kind with another ; in law, collation is the be-
stowing of a benefice ; a repast.
COLLATITIOUS, k61-la-tlsh£&s, adj. Done by the
contribution of many.
COLLATOR, k&l-la-tfrr, «. 166. One that compares
copies, or manuscripts ; one who presents to an eccle-
siastical benefice.
To COLLAUD, k&l-liwd,' v. a. To join in prais-
ing.
COLLEAGUE, k&UlWg, I. 492. A partner in office
or employment.
To COLLEAGUE, k61-l££g,' v. a. To unite with.
To COLLECT, kol-l£kt/ v. a. To gather together ,
to draw many units into one sum ; to gain from obser-
vation ; to infer from premises ; To collect himself, to
recover from surprise.
It5- In scarcely any part of the language does the influ-
ence of accent on the sound of the vowels appear more
perceptibly than in the prepositional syllables, Col, Coin,
Con, and Cor. When the accent is on these syllables, in
college, commissary, conclave, corrigible, &c. &c. the o has
distinctly its short sound. The same may be observed of
this o, when the principal accent is on the third syllable,
and the secondary act-on t on the first, 523 ; as in colonnade,
commendation, condescension, correspondent, &c. &c. for
in this case there is a secondary accent on the first syllable,
which preserves tbe o in its true sound, 52?; but when
the accent is on the second syllable, this vowel slides into
a sound like short u, and the words To culled, To commit,
To convince, To corrupt, &c. &c. are heard as if written
cullect, cummit, cunvince, currupt, &c. &c. It is true,
that when these words are pronounced alone with delibe-
ration, energy, and precision, the o in the first syllable
preserves nearly its true sound ; but this seems to slide in-
sensibly into short u the moment we unite these words
with others, and pronounce them without premeditation.
The deliberate and solemn sound is that which I have gi-
ven in this Dictionary : nor have I made any difference
between words where the accent is on the second syllable ;
and why Mr. Sheridan, and those who have followed him,
should in combust, commute, complete, &c. &c. give the
sound of short o in from; and in command, commit, com-
mence, &c. &c. give the same letter the short sound of u
in drum, I cannot conceive ; they are all susceptible of
this sound or none, and therefore should all be marked
alike. If custom be pleaded for this distinction, it may
be observed that this plea is the best in the world when it
is evident, and the worst when obscure. No such cus-
tom ever fell under my observation ; I have always heard
the first syllable of compare and compel, of commence, and
compose, pronounced alike, and have therefore made no
distinction between them in this Dictionary. I have gi-
ven them all the sound of the o in comma; though I am
sensible that, in colloquial pronunciation, they all ap-
proach nearer to the short u, and are similar to the same
syllables in comfort, combat, &c. And it may be laid down
as a general rule, without an exception, " that o in an
initial syllable, immediately before the accent, and suc-
ceeded by two uncombinable consonants, may, in famili-
ar conversation, be pronounced like the same letter in
come, done, &c."
COLLECT, kol-l£kt, s. 492. Any short prayer.
COLLECTANEOUS, kol-l£k- ta-n£-&s, adj. Gather-
ed together.
COLLECTIBLE, kol-l£k-t4-bl, adj. That which
may be gathered from the premises.
COLLECTION, k&l-l^k^shan, s. The act of gather-
ing together; the things gathered together; a consec-
tary, deduced from premises.
COLLECTITIOUS, k61-l£k-tlsh-&s, adj. Gathered
together.
COLLECTIVE, k61-l£k£tlv, adj. Gathered into one
mass, accumulative; employed in deducing consequen-
ces ; a collective noun expresses a multitude, though
itself be singular, as a company.
COLLECTIVELY, kol-l£k-tiv-l£, adv. In a general
mass, in a body, not singly.
COLLECTOR, kol-l£kitftr, s. 166. A gatherer; a
tax-gatherer.
COLLEGATARY, k&l-13g£a-ta-r&, s. A person to
whom is left a legacy in common with one or more.
COLLEGE, k&l-ledje, s. 91. A community; a so-
ciety of men set apart for learning or religion; the
house in which the collegians reside. — See To Collect.
COLLEGIAL, kol-l&j£-al, adj. Relating to a ccJ-
lege.
COLLEGIAN, kftl-l^-jd-an, s. An inhabitant or mem-
ber of a college.
COLLEGIATE, kol-l&jd-ate, adj. 91. Containing a
college, instituted after the manner of a college ; a col-
legiate church, was such as was built at a distance from
the cathedral, wherein a number of Presbyters lived
together.
COLLEGIATE, k&l-l£-j£-ate, s. A member of a
college, an university man.
COLLET, k&l-lit, s. 99. Something that went a-
bout the neck ; that part of a ring in which the stone is
set,
To COLLIDE, k&l-llde/ v. a. To beat, to dash, to
knock together.
COLLIER, k&l-y&r, s. 113. A digger of coals ; a
dealer in coals ; a ship that carries coals.
COLLIERY, k&l-y&r-^, s. 113. The place whert
coals are dug ; the coal trade.
COLLIFLOWER, k61-li-fl6fi-fir, S. A kind of cab-
bage.
COLLIGATION, k&l-l^-gaish&n, s. A binding to*
gether.
COLLIMATION, kol-ld-ma-shun, s. Aim.
COL 9
f^- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93,
COLLINEATION, k61-lln i-a^shin, s. The act of
aiming.
COLLJQUABLE, k&l-llkiwi-bl, adj. Easily dissolved.
CoLLIQUAMENT, kil-llkiwa-me'nt, s. The sub-
stance to which any thing is reduced by being melted.
COLLIQOANT, kil-le-kwant, s. That which has
the power of melting.
To COLUQUATE, k&l-l£-kwate, v. a. 91. To
melt, to dissolve.
COLLIQUATION, k&l-l^-kwaish&n, *. The act of
melting ; a lax or diluted state of the fluids in animal
bodies.
COLLIQUATIVE, k&l-llk-wi-tlv, adj. Melting, dis-
solvent.
COLLIQUEFACTION, k&l-llk-we-fak-sh&n, s. The
act of melting together.
COLLISION, kil-llzhi&n, J. The act of striking
two bodies together ; the state of being struck together,
a clash.
To COLLOCATE, kil-lA-kate, v. a. 91. To place,
to station.
COLLOCATION, kftl-lA-kaish&n, s. The act of
placing ; the state of being placed.
COLLOCUTION, k&l-lA-ki-sh&n, & Conference,
conversation.
To COLLOGUE, kil-lAg,' v. n. 337. To wheedle,
to flatter.
COLLOP, kSUlfip, *. 1 66. A small slice of meat ;
a piece of an animal.
COLLOQUIAL, k51-loikw£-al, adj. Relating to
conversation or talking.
COLLOQUY, k51-lA-kw&, s. Conference, conversa-
tion, talk.
COLLUCTANCY, k51-l&k-tan-sd, s. Opposition of
nature.
COLLUCTATION, kSl-l&k-ta-sli&n, s. Contest, con.
trariety, opposition.
To COLLUDE, k&l-l&de,' v. n. To conspire in a
fraud ; to join in imposing on a person.
COLLUSION, k61-l&-zh&n, ». A deceitful agree-
ment or compact between two or more.
COLLUSIVE, kAl-lii-slv, adj. 158. 428. Fraudu-
lently concerted.
COLLUSIVELY, k&l-l&islv-l£, adv. In a manner
fraudulently concerned.
COLLUSORY, k51-lfi-s&r-£, adj. 557. Carrying on
a fraud by secret concert.
COLLY, k&l-l^, s. The smut of coal.
COLLYRIUM, k61-llrird-&m, s. 113. Anointment
for the eyes.
COLMAH, kAUmJr, *. A sort of pear.
COLON, kAilin, s. A point [:] used to mark a
pause greater than that of a comma, and less than that
of a period ; the greatest and widest of all the intestines.
COLONEL, k&rinel, s. The chief commander of a
regiment.
fc$- This word is among those gross irregularities which
must be given up as incorrigible.
COLONELSHIP, karinSl-ship, s. The office o;
character of colonel.
To COLONISE, kil^A-nlze, v. a. To plant with in
habitants.
COLONNADE, kSUA-nade,' s. A peristile of a circu-
lar figure, or a series of columns disposed in a circle ;
any series or range of pillars.— See To Collect.
COLONY, k&UA-ne, *. A body of people drawn from
the mother-country to inhabit some distant place ; the
country planted, a plantation.
COLOPHONY, kA-lif^A-ni, s. Rosin.
COLOQUINTEDA, kil-lA-kwlnitt^-da, s. The fruit
of a plant of the same name, called bitter apple. It
is a violent purgative.
CoLORATE, kol-A-rate, adj. 91. Coloured, dyed.
COLORATION, k&l A-rai-sh&n, s. The art or prac-
tice of colouring : the state of being coloured
CoLORIFICK, k6l-lA-rlt-lk, adj. That ha* the
power of producing colours.
A itatuc of enorw
8 COM
m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, m5ve 164,
COLOSSE, kA-lis,' 7
COLOSSUS, kA-16s-s&s, $ **
moiis magnitude.
CoLOSSEAN, k51-16s-s&an, adj. Giantlike.— See
European.
COLOUR, k&l-l&r, *. 165. 314. The appearance
of bodies to the eye, hue, dye ; the appearance of blood
in the face; the tint of the 'painter ; the representation
of any thing superficially examined; palliation; ap-
pearance, false sho
sign of war.
how ; in the plural, a standard, an ei>
To COLOUR, k&l-l&r, v. a. To mark with some
hue or dye ; to palliate, to excuse ; to make plausible.
COLOURABLE, k&W&r-a-bl, adj. 405. Speciou*,
plausible.
COLOURABLY, k&Ul&r-a-bl£, adv. Speciously
plausibly.
COLOURED, k&W&rd, part. adj. 359. Streaked,
diversified with hues.
COLOURING, k&l'l&r-Ing, *. 410. The part of the
painter's art which teaches to lay on his colours.
COLOURIST, k&l-l&r-ist, t. A painter who excel*
in giving the proper colours to his designs.
COLOURLESS, k&l-l&r-l£s, adj. Without colour,
transparent.
COLT, kAlt, j. A young horse ; a young foolish
fellow.
To COLT, kilt, v. a. To befool. Obsolete.
COLTS-FOOT, kAltsifut, *. A plant.
COLTS-TOOTH, kAlts-tA&A,' s. An imperfect tooti.
in young horses ; a love of youthful pleasure.
COLTER, kAUtir, s. The sharp iron of a plough.
COLTISH, kAlt-lsh, adj. Wanton.
COLUMBARY, kA-l&m-ba-r£, «. A dove cot,
pigeon-house.
COLUMBINE, kili&m bine, s. 148. A plant with
leaves like the meadow-rue ; the name of a female cha-
racter in a pantomime.
COLUMN, k51il&m, s. 411. A round pillar; any
body pressing vertically upon its base ; the long file or
row of troops ; half a page, when divided into two equal
parts by a line passing through the middle.
COLUMNAR, kA lum-nar, 7 ..
COLUMNARIAN, k61-&m-na^-an, $ "*' F'
in columns.
CoLURES, kA-l&rz,' s. Two great circles supposed
to pass through the poles of the world.
COMA, kAima, a. 91. A lethargy.
COMATE, kA-mate^ s. Companion.
COMATOSE, k6m-a-tAse/ adj. Lethargic. — See
Appendix.
CoMB, kAme, s. 347. An instrument to sqwrate
and adjust the hair ; the top or crest of a cock ; the ca-
vities in which the bees lodge their honey.
To COMB, kAme, v. a. To divide and adjust the
hair ; to lay any thing consisting of filaments smooih,
as to comb wool.
COMB-BRUSH, kAmeibr&sh, s. A brush to clean
comb*.
COMB-MAKER, kAmeima-k&r, j. One whose trade
is to make combs.
To COMBAT, k&mibat, v. n. 165. To fight.
To COMBAT, k&mibat, t;. a. To oppose.— See
To Collect.
COMBAT, kftm^bat, $. 88. Contest, battle, duel.
COMBATANT, kftmiba-tant, *. He that fight* with
another, antagonist ; a champion.
COMBER, kA^m&r, s. He whose trade is to disen-
tangle wool, and lay it smooth for the spinner.
COMBINABLE, k5m-biina-bl, adj. That may be
joined together ; consistent.
COMBINATE, k6m-bd-nate, adj. 91. Betrothed,
promised.
COMBINATION, k&m-be-na-shun, s. Union for
some certain purpose, association, league ; union of bq-
dies, commixture, conjunction j copulation of ideas.
COM
97
COM
flflr 1S7, n&t 163 — lti.be 171, lib 172, bftll 173 — 611 299— p<5find 313 — thin 466 — ttm 469.
To COMBINE, k&m-blne/ v. a. To join together ;
to link in union ; to agree, to accord ; to join together, :
opposed to Analyze.
Tb COMBINE, kftm-blne,' v. n. To coalesce, to u- 1
nite with each other; to unite in friendship or design,
often in a bad sense.
CoMBLESS, k6m£l£s, adj. Wanting a comb or
crest.
COMBUST, kim-b&st/ adj. A planet not above
eight degrees and a half from the sun, is said to be j
Combust — See To Collect.
COMBUSTIBLE, kim-b&s-t^-bl, adj. Susceptible of
fire.
COMBUSTIBLENESS, kSm-b&s£t£ bl-n3s, «. Apt-
ness to take fire.
COMBUSTION, k&m-b&s-tsh&n, s. 291. Confla-
gration, burning, consumption by fire ; tumult, hurry,
nubbub.
To COME, k&m, v. a. To remove from a distant to
a nearer place, opposed to Go ; to draw near, to ad-
vance towards ; to move In any manner towards ano-
ther; to attain any condition ; to happen, to fall out ;
To come about, to come to pass, to fail out, to change,
to come round; To come again, to return ; To come
at, to reach, to obtain, to gain ; To come by, to ob-
tain, to gain, to require; To come in, to enter, to com-
ply, to yield, to become modish ; To come in for, to be
early enough to obtain ; To come in to, to join with,
to bring help; To comply with, to agree to ; To come
near, to approach in excellence ; To come of, to pro-
ceed, as a descendant from ancestors ; to proceed, as
effects from their causes; To co;re off, to deviate, to
depart from a rule, to escape; To come off from, to
leave, to forbear; To come on, to advance, to make
progress; to advance to combat; to thrive, to grow
big ; To come over, to repeat an act ; to revolt ; To
come out, to be made publick, to appear upon trial, to
be discovered ; To come out with, to give vent to ; To
come to, to consent or yield ; to amount to; To come
to himself, to recover his senses; To come to pass, to
be effected, to fall out; To come up, to grow out of
the ground ; to make appearance ; to come into use ;
To come up to, to amount to. to rise to ; To come up
with, to overtake; To come upon, to invade, to at-
tack ; To come, in futurity.
COME, k&m, interjec. Be quick, make no delay.
COME. k&m. A particle of reconciliation.
" Come, come, at all I laugh he laughs no doubt." Pope.
COMEDIAN, k6-m&d£-£n, s. 293. 376. A player
or actor of comick parts ; a player in general, an actress
or actor.
COMEDY, k&mim£-d£, s. A. dramatick representa-
tion of the lighter faults of mankind.
COMELINESS, k&m-l£-n5s, j. Grace, beauty, dig-
nity.
COMELY, k&m-l£, adj. 165. Graceful, decent.
CoMER, k&mimur, s. 98. One that comes.
COMET, k&m-lt, s. 99. A heavenly body in the
planetary regiou appearing suddenly, and again disap-
pearing.
COMETARY, k6m£m£-tAr-£, 512. > ..
COMETICK, ki-mStilk, 509. i a(lj-
to a comet.
COMFIT, k&miflt, s. 165. A kind of sweetmeat
COMFITURE, k&mifi-tshiire, s. 461. Sweetmeat.
To COMFORT, k&mif&rt, v. a. 165. To strength-
en, to enliven, to invigorate; to console, to strengthen
the mind under calamity.
COMFORT, k&m-f&rt, s. 98. Support, assistance;
countenance, consolation, support under calamity; thai
which gives consolation or support — See To Collect.
COMFORTABLE, k&m-f&r-tA-l>l, adj. Receiving
comfort, suceptible of comfort, dispensing comfort.
COMFORTABLY, k&mif&r-ta^bW, adv. With com-
fort, without despair.
COMFORTER, kumif&r-t&r, s. One that adminis-
ters consolation in misfortunes; the title of the third
person in the Holy Trinity ; the paraclete.
COMFORTLESS, k&m-f&rt l£s, adj Without com-
fort.
Relating
COMICAL, kimim£-k51, adj. Raising mirth, mer-
ry, diverting ; relating to comedy, befitting comedy.
COMICALLY, k5mimd-kJl-l£, adv. In such a man.
nor as raises mirth ; in a manner befitting comedy.
COMICALNESS, k&mimii-kSI-nSs, S. Tlve- quality
of being comical.
CoMICK, k&mimik, adj. Relating to comedy ; rais-
ing mirth.
COMING, k&mimlng, s. 410. The act of coming,
approach ; state of being come, arrival.
COMING-IN, k&m-mlng In,' s. Revenue, income.
COMING, k&m-mlng, adj. Forward, ready to come ;
future, to come.
COMING, k&m-mlng, part. adj. Moving from some
other to this place ; ready to come.
COMITIAL, kA-mlshiil, adj. Relating to the as-
semblies of the people.
COMITY, k6m^-te, s. Courtesy, civility.
COMMA, k6mimi, s. 92. The point which denotes
the distinction of clauses, marked thus [ , ].
To COMMAND, k&m-mlnd,' v. a. 79. To govern,
to give orders to ; to order, to direct to be done ; to
overlook ; to have so subject as that it may be seen.
To COMMAND, k&m-m&nd,' v- n. To have the
supreme authority.
COMMAND, k&m-m&nd,' s. 79. The right of com-
manding, power, supreme authority; cogent autho-
rity, despotism ; the act of commanding, order.— See
To Collect.
^f The propensity of the unaccented o to fall into the
sound of short « is nowhere more perceptible than in
:he first syllables of words beginning with col, com, con,
or cor, when the accent is on the second syllable. Thus
:he o in to collect and college} in commend and comment ;
in connect and conrul; in correct and corner, cannot be
considered as exactly the same in all : the o in the first
word of each of these pairs has certainly a different sound
from the same letter in the second ; and if we appreci,ue
this sound, we shall find it coincide with that which is the
most nearly related to it, namely, the short v. 1 have
not, however, ventured to substitute this u, not that I
think it incompatible with the most correct and solemn
pronunciation, but because where there is a possibility of
reducing letters to their radical sound without hurting
the ear, this radical sound ought to be the model ; and the
[reater or less departure from it, left to the solemnity or
:amiliarity of the occasion. To foreigners, however, it
may not be improper to remark, that it would be always
better for them to adopt the u instead of o; this will se-
cure them from the smallest impropriety, for only natives
can seize such nice distinctions as sometimes divide even
judges themselves. Iflr. Sheridan was certainly of opi-
nion that this unaccented o might be pronounced like u,
as he has so marked it in command, commence, commission,
and commend, though not in commender ; and in com-
pare, though not in comparative; but in almost every o-
ther word where this o occurs, he has given it the sound
it has in constant. Mr. Scott has exactly followed Mr.
^hevidan in these words, and Dr. Kenrick has uniformly
marked them all with the short sound of o. Why Mr.
Sheridan and Mr. Scott should make any difference in
the first syllables of these words, where the letters ai«J
accents are exactly the same, I cannot conceive : these
syllables may be called a species ; and, if the occasion
were not too trifling for such a comparison, it might ho
observed, that as nature varies in individuals, but is uni-
form in the species, so custom is sometimes varied in ac-
cented syllables, which are definitely and strongly mark-
ed, but commonly more regular in unaccented syllables,
by being left, as it were, to the common operation of the
organs of pronunciation. — See the words Collect and Do-
mestick
COMMANDER, k&rn-minidir, s. He that has the
supreme authority, a chief; a paving beetle, or a very
great wooden mallet.
COMMANDERY, k&m-mdnid&r-r^, s. A body cf
the knights of Malta, belonging to the same nation.
COMMANDMENT, kSm-miind-m£nt, s. Mandate,
command, order, precept; authority, power; byway
of eminence, the precepts of the Decalogue given by
God to Moses.
COMMANDRESS, k&m mSn^dr^s, *. A woman
vested with supreme authority.
COMMATERIAL, k5m-ml -t^re-Al, adj. Consist-
ing of the same mutter with another.
COM
98
COM
559- Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81— mi 93, m3t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 1G4,
C kom£m£n-da-bl,
' £ kom-m£n-da-bl,
COMMATERIALITY, kom-ma-t£-r£-iW-t£, s. Re-
semblance to something in its matter.
COMMEMORABLE, kom-m£mim6.ra-bl, adj. De-
serving to be mentioned with honour.
To COMMEMORATE, kom-m-Jmimo-rate, ». a. 91
To preserve the memory by some publick act.
COMMEMORATION, korn-m£m-m6-raish&n, *.
An act of publick celebration.
COMMEMORATIVE, kom-m3m-mo-ra-tlv, adj.
157. Tending to preserve the memory of any thing.
To COMMENCE, kom-m^nse,' v. n. To begin, to
make beginning; to take a new character. — See To
Collect.
To COMMENCE, k&m-m£nse,' ». a. To begin, to
make a beginning of, as, to commence a suit.
COMMENCEMENT, kim-m^nse-m^nt, s. Begin-
ning, date; the time when degrees are taken in a uni-
versity.
To COMMEND, kom-m&id,' w. a. To represent as
worthy of notice, to recommend ; to mention with ap-
probation ; to recommend to remembrance.
COMMENDABLE
Laudable, worthy of praise.
£5» This word, like Acceptable, has, since Johnson
wrote his Dictionary, shifted its accent from the second
to the first syllable. The sound of the language certainly
suffers by these transitions of accent. However, when
custom has once decided, we may complain, but must
still acquiesce. The accent on the second syllable of this
word is grown vulgar, and there needs no "other reason
for banishing it from polite pronunciation.
CoMMENDABLY, kom-m£n-da-bld, adv. Lauda-
bly, in a manner worthy of commendation.
CoMMENDAM, kom-mgnidam, s. A benefice,
which, being void, is commended to the charge of some
sufficient clerk to be supplied until it be provided with
a pastor.
COMMENDATARY, k6m-mt!rAla-ta-r&, s. 512.
One who holds a living in commendam.
COMMENDATION, kom-m^n-da-shfrn, 5. Recom-
mendation, favourable representation ; praise, declare
. tion of esteem. — See To Culled.
COMMENDATORY, k5m-m£n-da-t&r-r£, adj. 512.
Favourably representative ; containing praise.
COMMENDER, kom-m^n^d&r, s. Praiser.
COMMENSALITY, kom-m4n-sal^ te, s. Fellow-
ship of table.
COMMENSURABILITY, k6m-mt5n-shu ra-bll^e-te,
*. Capacity of being compared with another as to the
measure, or of being measured by another.
COMMENSURABLE, k5m-m£n-shu-ra-bl, adj. 452.
Reducible to some common measure, as a yard and
foot are measured by an inch.
COMMENSURABLENESS, k6m-m£n-shu-ra-bl-n£s,
t. Commensurability, proportion.
To COMMENSURATE, k&m-men-shi-rate, v. a.
9 1 . To reduce to some common measure.
COMMENSURATE, k6m-m£nishiWate, adj. 91.
Reducible to some common measure; equal, propor-
tionable to each other.
COMMENSURATELY, kom-mln-shii rate-l£, adv.
With the capacity of measuring, or being measured by
some other thing.
CoMJfENSURATION,
Reduction of some things to some common mea
sure.
To COMMENT, kom-m£nt, v. 7*. To annotate, to
write notes, to expound.
COMMENT, kSmJ-m^nt, j. 498. Annotations on
an author, notes, exposition.
COMMENTARY, kom'm^n ta-n*, *. An exposi
tion, annotation, remark ; a memoir ; narrative in fa
miliar manner.
COMMENTATOR, k&m-m&i ta't&r, s. 521. Expo
si tor, annotator.
COMMENTER, k6m-m£n-t£ir, s. An explainer
an annotator.
CoMMENTmous, k&m-men-tlshius, adj. In-
vvnted, imaginary.
COMMERCE, k6mim£rse, s. Exchange of one thing
for another, trade, traffick.
To COMMERCE, kom-m^rse,' v. n. To hold inter-
course.
Jf^> Milt >n has, by the license of his art, accented this
verb according to the analogy of dissyllable nouns and
verbs of the same form, 492.
" And looks commercing with the skies,
" Thy wrapt soul sitting in thy eyes." PenKrato.
But this verb, like To Comment, would, in prose, require
the accent on the first syllable as in th* noun. Though
Akenside has taken the same liberty with this word as
Milton had done with that —
" the sober zeal
" Of age commenting on prodigious things.**
Plcoiurct »f Imagination.
COMMERCIAL, kSm-m£r-shal, adj. Relating to
commerce or traffick.
COMMERE, k&m-mare,' *. French. A common
mother. Not used.
To COMMIGRATE, kom-m^-grate, v. n. To re-
move by consent, from one country to another.
COMMIGRATION, kom-mt*-graishtin, s. A remov-
al of a people from one country to another.
COMMINATION, k6m-meU na^shun, t. A threat,
a denunciation of punishment; the recital of God's
threatenings on stated days.
COMMINATORY, kom-mlnini-t&r-i, adj. 512.
Denuncidtory, threatening. ^
To COMMINGLE, kom-ming-gl, v. a. To mix
into one mass, to mix, to blend.
To COMMINGLE, k&m-mlngigl, v. n. To unite
with another thing.
COMMINUJBLE, k&m-miniu>£-bl, adj. Frangible,
reducible to powder.
To COMMINUTE, kom-m£.nijte,/ t>. a. To grind,
to pulverise.
COMMINUTION, k&m-me-ni-sh&n, *. The act of
grinding into small parts, pulverization.
COMMISKKABLE, k6m-mlz££r-a-bl, adj. Worthy
of compassion, pitiable.
To COMMISERATE, kim-mlz^r-ate, e. a. 91
To pity, to compassionate.
COMMISERATION, k&m-mlz-£r-a-sh&n, *. Pity,
compassion, tenderness.
COMMISSARY, k6m-m!s-sar-£, s. An officer made
occasionally, a delegate, a deputy ; such as exercise
spiritual jurisdiction in places of the diocese far dUtaut
from the chief city ; an officer who draws up lists of an
army, and regulates the procuration of provision.— See
To Collect.
COMMISSAKISHIP, kimi-mls sar-^-shlp, s. Th«
office of a commissary.
COMMISSION, kSm-mlshi&n, 4. The act of in-
trusting any thing ; a trust, a warrant by which any
trust is held ; a warrant by which a military office is
constituted ; a charge, a mandate, office ; act of com
mitting a crime ; sins of commission are distinguished
from sins of omission ; a number of people joined in a
trust or office ; the state of that which is intrusted to a
number of joint officers, as the broad seal was put into
commission ; the order by which a factor trades for a-
nother person.
To COMMISSION, k&m-mlshifin, v. a. To em-
power, to appoint.
COMMISSIONER, kom-Tnlshi&n-&r, «. 98. One
included in a warrant of authority.
COMMISSURE, kom-mlsh-iire, s. Joint, a place
where one part is joined to another.
To COMMIT, k&m-mlt,' v. a. To intrust, to give
in trust ; to put in any place to be kept safe ; to send to
prison, to imprison ; to perpetrate, to do a fault. — See
ro Collect.
fcf This word was first used in Junius's Letters in a
sense unknown to our former English writers ; namely, to
expose, to venture, to hazard. This sense is borrowed
from the French, and has been generally adopted by sub-
sequent writers.
COMMITMENT, k&m-mitiirn?nt, *. Act of sending
to prison ; an order for sending to prison.
COMMITTEE, k&m-mltk^, s. Those to whom th«
consideration or ordering of any matter is referred,
99
COM
167, n5t 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — p6&nd 313 — tltm 466— THis 469.
either by some court to whom it belongs, or by consent
of parties.
Jf5> This word is often pronounced improperly with
the accent on the first or last syllable.
CoMMITTER, kftm-mlt-t&r, s. Perpetrator, he that
commits.
COMMITTABLE, k6m-mlt-ta-bl, adj. Liable to be
committed.
To COMMIX, k&m-mlks/ v. a.
blend.
To mingle, to
COMMIXION, or COMMIXTION, kSm-mlkishin, s
Mixture, incorporation.
COMMIXTURE, k6m-mlks£tshure, s. 291. The
act of mingling, the state of being mingled ; the mass
formed by mingling different things, compound.
COMMODE, k6m-m6de,' s. The head-dress of a
woman.
COMMODIOUS, kSm-m6M£-&s, or k5m-miij<*-&s,
adj. 295, 294. 376. Convenient, suitable, accommo-
date ; useful, suited to wants or necessities.
COMMODIOUSLY, k&m-mA£d£-&s-l£, adv. Con-
veniently; without distress ; suitably to a certain pur-
pose.
COMMODIOUSNESS, k&m-rn&£d<i-&s-n£s, s. Con-
venience, advantage.
COMMODITY, k5m-m&d££-t£, s. Interest, advan-
tage, profit; convenience of time or place; wares, mer-
chandise.
COMMODORE, k6m-mA-d6re,/ s. The captain who
commands a squadron of ships.
Jt5- This is one of those words which may have the ac-
cent either on the first or last syllable, according to its
position in the sentence. Thus we say, " The voyage was
made by Commodore Anson ; for though he was made an
admiral afterwards, he went out as Commodore" 524.528.
COMMON, k&m-mfrn, adj. 166. Belonging equal-
ly to more than one ; having no possessor or owner ;
vulgar, mean, easy to be had, not scarce; publick, ge-
neral ; mean, without birth or descent ; frequent, use-
ful, ordinary ; prostitute.
COMMON, k6mim&n, s. An open ground equally
used by many persons.
To COMMON, k&m-m&n, v. n. To have a joint
right with others in some common ground.
COMMON LAW, kim-m&n-law,' 5. Customs which
have by long prescription obtained the force of laws,
distinguished from the Statute Law, which owes its au-
thority to acts of parliament.
COMMON PLEAS, k6m-m&n-pld£z,/ s. The king's
court now held in Westminster Hall, but anciently
moveable.
CoMMONABLE, k&m-mun-a-bl, adj. What is held
in common.
COMMONAGE, kftm-m&n-aje, s. 90. The right of
feeding on a common.
COMMONALTY, k&m-m&n-al-td, s. The common
people ; the bulk of mankind.
COMMONER, kim'&n-&r, s. 98. One of the com-
mon people ; a man not noble ; a member of the house
of commons; one who has a joint right in common
ground ; a student of the second rank at the university
of Oxford ; a prostitute.
COMMONITION, k<jm-mA-nish-&n, s. Advice,
warning.
COMMONLY, k6m£m&n-l£, adv. Frequently, usu-
ally.
COMMONNESS, kSm-m&n-nSs, s. Equal participa-
tion among many ; frequent occurrence, frequency.
To COMMONPLACE, k&m-mfrn-plase,' v. a. To
reduce to general heads.
COMMONPLACE BOOK, k&m-m&n-plast-boSk, s.
A book in which things to be remembered are ranged
under general heads.
COMMON-PLACE, k&mim&n-plase, adj. Ordinary ;
not uncommon.
COMMONS, k&mim&nz, s. 1 66. The vulgar, the
)ower people; the lower house of parliament, by which
the people are represented ; food, fare, diet.
COMMONWEAL, k&m-m&n-wWl,' 528. ?
COMMONWEALTH, kimimfin-w£UA, $
polity, an ectabli&hed form of civil life ; the publick, the
general body of the people ; a government in which th«
supreme power is lodged in the people, a republick.
Jf^f These words have the accent either on the first or
!ast syllable ; but the former is accented more frequently
on the last, and the latter on the first. — See Commudore.
COMMORANCE, kftm-m6-ranse, )
COMMORANCY, k&m-mA-ran-s£, $
habitation, residence.
COMMORANT, k&m£m6-rant, adj. Resident,
dwelling.
COMMOTION, kSm-mi-sh&n, *. Tumult, disturb*
ance, combustion ; perturbation, disorder of mind, agi-
tation.
COMMOTIONER, k&m-m&-sh&n-&r, s. A disturber
of the peace.
To COMMOVE, kSm-m&Sve,' v. a. To disturb, to
unsettle.
To COMMUNE, k&m-m&ne/ v. n. To converse, to
impart sentiments mutually.
COMMUNICABILITY, k6m-m&-n£.ka-b11-£-t£, s.
The quality of being communicated.
COMMUNICABLE, k6m-mii-n£-ka-bl, adj. That
which may become the common possession of more than
one ; that which may be imparted or recounted.
COMMUNICANT, k5m-mh-n£-kant, s. One who
is present, as a worshipper, at the celebration of the
Lord's Supper.
To COMMUNICATE, kSm-mft-n^-kate, v. a. To
impart to others what is in our own power; to reveal,
to impart knowledge. — See To Command.
To COMMUNICATE, k&m-mi-n£-kate, v. n. 91.
To partake of the blessed sacrament ; to have something
in common with another, as, The houses communi-
cate.
COMMUNICATION, kSm-mft-n£-kaish&n, s. The
act of imparting benefits or knowledge ; common boun-
dary or inlet ; interchange of knowledge ; conference,
conversation.
COMMUNICATIVE, k5m-m&-n£-ka-tlv, a(0. In-
clined to make advantages common, liberal of know
ledge, not selfish.
COMMUNICATIVENESS, kSm-rm'i-n£-ka-tIv-n£s, *.
The quality of being communicative.
COMMUNION, k6m-rjnime£yun,s. 1 13. Intercourse,
fellowship, common possession ; the common or public
celebration of the Lord's Supper ; a common or public
act ; union in the common worship of any church.
COMMUNITY, k&m-mh-ni-t£, s. The common-
wealth, the body politick ; common possession ; fre-
quency, commonness.
COMMUTABILITY, kSm-mfc-ta-blUe-ti, s. The
quality of being capable of exchange.
CoMMUTABLE, k&m-m6-ta-bl, adj. That may be
exchanged for something else.
COMMUTATION, k6m-mi-taish&n, s. Change, al-
teration; exchange, the act of giving one thing for
another ; ransom, the act of exchanging a corporal for
a pecuniary punishment.
COMMUTATIVE, k&m-m6-ta-tiv, adj. 1 57. Kela-
tive to exchange.
To COMMUTE, kftm-mtitf1,' v. a. To exchange, to
put one thing in the place of another ; to buy off, or
ransom one obligation by another. — See To Collect-
To COMMUTE, k5m-mfjte,/ v. n. To atone, to bar-
gain for exemption.
COMMUTUAL, kSm-mfcitshh al, adj. 461. Mu-
tual, reciprocal.
COMPACT, k&mipakt, s. 492. A contract, an ac-
cord, an agreement.
To COMPACT, k&m-pakt,' v. a. To join together
with firmness, to consolidate ; to make out of some-
thing ; to league with ; to join together, to bring into a
system.
COMPACT, k&m-pakt,' adj. 494. Firm, solid, close,
dense ; brief, as, acompact discourse.
COMPACTEDNESS, k6na-pak£t£d-n£s, s. Firmness,
density.
COMPACTLY, kSm-pakt-l£, adv. Closely, densely ;
with neat'joining.
COMPACTNESS, k&m-pakt-n£s, t. Firmnttnj close-
COM
100
COM
5.59. Fate 73, fAr77, fall 83, fat 81— md 93, m& 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mdve 161,
COMPACTURE, kSm-pak^tshire, s. 461. Struc-
ture, compagination.
COMPAGES, k&m-pa'j£s, s. A system of many
parts united.
COMPAGINATION, kom-pad j^-na'shfin, s. Union,
structure.
COMPANION, k&m-pan-y&n. s. 113. One with
whom a man frequently converses, a partner, an associ-
ate ; a familiar term of contempt, a fellow.
COMPANIONABLE, kim-pan^y&n-a-bl, adj. Fit
for good fellowship, social.
COMPANIOXABLY, k&m-paniy&n-a-bli, adv. In
a companionable manner.
COMPANIONSHIP, k&m-paniy&n-shlp, *. Com-
pany, train, fellowship, association.
COMPANY, k&mipa-n^. s. 165. Persons assembled
together; an assembly of pleasure; persons considered
as capable of conversation ; fellowship ; a number of
persons united for the execution of any thing, a band ;
persons united in a joint trade or partnership ; a body
corporate, a corporation ; a subdivision of a regiment
of foot; To bear company, to associate with, to be a
companion to ; To keep company, to frequent houses
of entertainment.
7'o COMPANY, kfim£pa-n£, v. a. To accompany,
to be associated with. Obsolete.
To COMPANY, k&m-pa-n£, v. n. To associate
one's self with. Not used.
COMPARABLE, k6m-pa-ra-bl, adj. Worthy to be
compared, of equal regard. — See Academy, Acceptable,
Commendable, and Incomparable.
COMPARABLY, k&m-pa-ra-bld, adv. In a manner
worthy to be compared.
COMPARATIVE, k&m-par-a-tlv, adj. Estimated by
comparison, not absolute; having the power of compar-
ing; in grammar, the comparative degree expresses
more of any quantity in one thing than in another, as,
the right hand is the stronger.
COMPARATIVELY, k&m-paria-tlv-li, adv. In a
state of comparison, according to estimate made by
comparison.
To COMPARE, k5m-pare/ v. a. To make one
thing the measure of another, to estimate the relative
goodness or badness. — See To Collect.
COMPARE, k&m-pare/ *. Comparative estimate,
comparison ; simile, similitude. — See To Command.
COMPARISON, k&m-pari^-s&n, s. The act of com-
paring ; the state of being compared ; a comparative es-
timate ; a simile in writing or speaking ; in grammar,
the formation of an adjective through Its various de-
grees of signification, as strong, stronger, strongest.
j£5« I have inserted the vowel in the last syllable of
this word, because, in solemn pronunciation, some speak-
ers may think it proper to preserve it ; but in common
and unpremeditated speaking, I am convinced it falls in-
to the general analogy, and is sunk as much as in Beaton,
Seaion, Prison, &c. 103. 170 — See To Collect.
Tn COMPART, kirn-part/ v. a. To divide.
COMPARTIMENT, kSm-part^ m5nt, t. A divi-
sion of a picture, or design.
COMPARTITION, k&m-par-tlshi&n, s. The act of
comimrting or dividing ; the parts marked out or sepa-
rated, a separate part
COMPARTMENT, k6m-part£m£nt, s. Division.
To COMPASS, k&m-p&s, v. a. 165. To encircle,
to environ, to surround ; to obtain, to procure, to at-
tain ; to take measures preparatory to any thing, as, to
compass the death of the king.
COMPASS, k&m-p&s, *. 88. 165. Circle, round ;
space, room, limits ; enclosure, circumference ; a de-
parture from the right line, an indirect advance ; mode-
rate space, moderation, due limits ; the power of the
voice to express the notes of musick; the instruments
with which circles are drawn ; the instrument compos?
ed of a needle and card, whereby mariners steer.
COMPASSION, kim-pash-fin, s. Pity, commisera-
tion, painful sympathy.
To COMPASSION, k6m-pashi&n, v. a. To pity.
Nor used.
COMPASSIONATE, kSm-pash-in-Atc-,ae{;'. 91. in.
dined to pity, merciful, tender.
To COMPASSIONATE, kom-pash-fin-ate, v. a. 91
To pity, to commiserate.
COMPASSIONATELY, k&m-pashiun-ate-l^, ado*
Mercifully, tenderly.
COMPATERNITY, k6m-pa-t<5rin£-te, s. The state
of being a godfather.
COMPATIBILITY, kom-pat-^-blW-t£, s. Consi*.
tency, the power of co-existing with something else
agreement.
COMPATIBLE, k6m-pit^-bl, adj Suitable to, fit
for, consistent with ; consistent, agreeable.
fc5» Mr. Nares observes, that this word ought to be
written compatible, because it comes from the Latin coin-
peto.
COMPATIBLENESS, kSm-pat^-bl-n£s, *. Consis-
tency ; the quality of agreeing with.
COMPATIBLY, k&m-pat^-bl£, adv. Fitly, suita-
bly.
COMPATIENT, k&m-pa^sh£nt, ndj. Suffering to-
gether.
COMPATRIOT, k&m-paitr<*-it, s. 166. One of the
same country.
COMPEER, k&m-p££r/ *. Equal, companion, col-
league.
To COMPEER, k&m-pMr/ ». a. To be equal with,
to mate. Not used.
To COMPEL, k&m-p^l/ t>. a. To force to some act,
to oblige, to constrain ; to take by force or violence.
See To Collect.
COMPELLABLE, k&m-p£l-IA-bl, adj. That may be
forced.
COMPELLATION, kim-p^l-la^sh&n, * The style
of address, as, Sir, Madam, &c-
COMPELLER, k&m-p&ilur, *. He that forces ano-
ther.
COMPEND, k&m-p£nd, t. Abridgment, summary,
epitome.
COMPENDIARIOUS, k&m-p£n-j£ Mr£-&s, adj. 294.
Short, contracted.
COMPENDIOSITY, k&m-pin-ji Ss^-tt*, s. 294.
Shortness.
COMPENDIOUS, k&m-p£nij£-us, adj. Short, sum-
mary, abridged, comprehensive.
COMPENDIOUSLY, k6m-p£nij£-&s-l£, adv. 294.
Shortly, summarily.
COMPENDIOUSNESS, k6m-p£n-j£ fis-n^s, ». 294.
Shortness, brevity.
COMPENDIUM, kom-p£nij£-&m, ». Abridgment,
summary, breviate.
COMPENSABLE, k&m-p&iisa-bl, adj. That which
may be recompensed.
To COMPENSATE, kfim-pSntsate, v. a. 91. To
recompense, to counterbalance, to countervail.
COMPENSATION, k&m-p^n-saish&n, s. Recom-
pense, something equivalent.
COMPENSATIVE, k&m-p£n-sa-tiv, adj. That which
compensates.
To COMPENSK, k5m-p£nse/ v. a. To compensate,
to countei balance, to recompense.
COMPETENCE, k&m-p£-t£nse, 7
/-• I » / x .1 \ t *• Such a quan-
COMPETENCY, kom-pe-ten-se, ^
tity of any thing as is sufficient; a fortune equal to the
necessities of life; the power or capacity of a judge or
court.
COMPETENT, k5m'p^-t5nt, adj. Suitable, fit, ade-
quate, proportionate; without defect or .superfluity;
reasonable, moderate; qualified, fit; consistent with.
COMPETENTLY, k&m-p£-t£nt-l£, adv. Reasona-
bly, moderately; adequately, properly.
CoMPETiBLE, k6m-p5t£6-bl, adj. Suitable to, con.
sistent with.
COMPETIBLENESS, k5m-p£t^-bl-n£s, *. Suita-
bleness, fitness.
COMPETITION, k5m-p£-tlsh£Sin, *. Rivalry, con-
test ; claim of more than one to one thing.
COMPETITOR, k6m-p4t^-t&r, t. A -ival, an op-
ponent.
COM
101
COM
n5r 167, n&t 163— tibe 171, tib 172, bill 173 — 611 299— pSund 313— thin 466— TJtit 469.
COMPILATION, kftm-pi laish&n, s. A collection To COMPLICATE, k&mipl^-kate, v. a. To entangfc
from various authors ; an assemblage, a coaeervation
To COMPILE, k&m-plle£ v. a. To draw up from
various authors ; to write, to compose.
COMPILEMENT, k&m-pile-m^nt, s. The act of
heaping up.
COMPILER, k&m-pl'l&r, s. A collector, one who
frames a composition from various authors.
COMPLACENCE k&m-pl4^nse i p]
COMPLACENCY, kom-pla-sen-se, )
satisfaction, gratification ; civility, complaisance.
COMPLACENT, k&m-pla-s£nt, adj. Civil, affable,
mild.
To COMPLAIN, kSm-plane,' v. «• To mention
with sorrow, to lament ; to inform against.
COMPLAINANT, k6m-pla-nant, s. One who urges
suit against another.
COMPLAINER, k6m plaAn&r, f. One who com-
plains, a lamenter.
COMPLAINT, kftm-plant/ s. Representation of
pains or injuries ; the cause or subject of complaint; a
malady, a disease ; remonstrance against.
COMPLAISANCE, kSm-pld-zanse/ s. Civility, de-
sire of pleasing, act of adulation.
COMPLAISANT, kfim-pld-zant/ adj. Civil, desirous
to please.
COMPLAISANTLY, k6m-pl£-zantU£, adv. Civilly,
with desire to please, ceremoniously.
COMPLAISANTNESS, k6m-ple-zantin5s, *. Civility.
To COMPLANATE, k&m-pla-nate, 503. \
To CoMPLANE, k5m. plane,' j
To level, to reduce to a flat surface.
COMPLEMENT, k&m-pl£-m£nt, s. Perfection, ful-
ness, completion; complete set, complete provision,
the full quantity.
COMPLETE, k&m-plitf,' adj. Perfect, full, with-
out any defects; finished, ended, concluded. — See To
Collect.
To COMPLETE, k&m-plite/ v. a. To perfect, to
finish.
COMPLETELY, k5m-pl£te-l£, adv. Fully, per-
fectly.
COMPLETEMENT, k&m-pl^te-mdnt, *. The act of
completing.
COMPLETENESS, k&m-pl£te£n§s, s. Perfection.
COMPLETION, k5m-pl£-shfrn, s. Accomplishment,
act of fulfilling ; utmost height, perfect state.
COMPLEX, k&m-pl£ks, adj Composite, of many
parts, not simple.
COMPLEXEDNESS, kfim pl£k-s3d-n£s, s. 365.
Complication, involution of many particular parts in
one integral.
COMPLEXION, k6m-pl£k£sh&n, s. involution of
one thing in another; the colour of the external parts
of any body; the temperature of the body.
CoMPLEXJONAL, k&m-pl&kish&n-al, adj. De-
pending on the complexion or temperament of the bo
dy.
COMPLEXION ALLY, k6m-pl£k£shim al-l£, adv.
By complexion.
COMPLEXITY, k&m pl£ks£e-t£, 5. state of being
complex.
COMPLEXLY, k&m£pl£ks-l£, adv. In a complex
manner, not simply.
COMPLEXNESS, kjm-pl£ks n£s, s. The state o
being complex.
COMPLEXURE, k6m-pl3kishire, s. 452. The in-
volution of one thing with others,
ft^- The * in the composition of x in this word, agree-
ablyto analogy, goes into the sharp aspiration sh, as it is
preceded by the sharp consonant £ ; in the same manne
as the s in pleasure goes into the flat aspiration zfi, as it is
preceded by a vowel. 479.
COMPLIANCE, k6m-plUanse, S. The act of yield-
ing, accord, submission; a disposition to yield to o
thers.
COMPLIANT, k6m-pll£ant, adj. Yielding, bending
civil, complaisant.
one with another, to join ; to unite by involution of
parts ; to form by complication ; to form by the union
of several parts into one integral.
COMPLICATE, k&m-pl^-kate, adj, 91. Compound-
ed of a multiplicity of parts.
COMPLICATENESS, k6m-ple-kate-n3s, s. The state
of being complicated, intricacy.
COMPLICATION, kftm-pl^-ka-sh&n, s. The act of
involving one thing in another; the integral consisting
of many things involved.
OMPLICE, k&m-plls, s. One who is united with
others in an ill design, a confederate.
J£5" This word is only in use among the lowest vulgar
as a contraction of Accomplice.
DOMPLIER, kim-pll-frr, s. A man of an easy tem-
per.
COMPLIMENT, k&m-pl£-m5nt, *. An act or ex-
pression of civility, usually understood to mean less
than it declares.
To COMPLIMENT, k&m£pl£-m£nt, v. a. To sooth
with expressions of respect, to flatter.
COMPLIMENTAL, k5m-ple-m£n.ital, adj. Expres-
sive of respect or civility.
COMPLIMENTALLY, k&m-pl£-mln£tal-l£, adv. In
the nature of a compliment, civilly.
CoMPLiMENTER, k6mipl£-m£n-tuT, s. One given
to compliments, a flatterer.
To CoMPLORE, k&m-plore,' v. n. To make la-
mentation together.
CoMPLOT, kom-pl&t, S. A confederacy in some se-
cret crime, a plot.
Jj^f* I have in this word followed Mr. Sheridan's accen
tuation, as more agreeable to analogy than Dr. Johnson's,
and have differed from both in the noun comport, for the
same reason. 492.
To COMPLOT, k&m-plSt/ v. a. To form a plot, to
conspire.
CoMPLOTTER, k&m-plitit&r, s. A conspirator,
one joined in a plot.
To COMPLY, k&m-pll,' v. n. To yield to, to be ob-
sequious to.
COMPONENT, k&m-pi-n£nt, adj. That constitute
a compound body.
To COMPORT, kSm-port,' v. n. To agree, to suit
To COMPORT, k&m-pirt/ v. a. To bear, to en-
dure.
COMPORT, k5m-port, s. 492. Behaviour, con-
duct.
COMFORTABLE, k&m-p6r£ta-bl, adj. Consistent.
CoMPORTANCE, k&m-p6ritanse, 7
i« ii» i ^ f S, Behaviour.
COMPORTMENT, k6m-portiment,$
To COMPOSE, k&m-pAze/ v. a. To form a mas«
by joining different things together ; to place any thing
in its proper form and method; to dispose, to put in
the proper state ; to put together adiscourse or sentence ;
to constitute by being parts of a whole ; to calm, to
quiet; to adjust the mind to any business; to adjust,
to settle, as, to compose a difference ; with printers, to
arrange the letters ; in musick, to form a tune from the
different musical notes. — See To Collect.
COMPOSED, k6m-p6zd/ part. adj. Calm, serious,
even, sober.
COMPOSEDLY, k&nr)-p6izdd-l(£, adv. 364. Calmly,
seriously.
COMPOSEDNESS, k&m-p6^z3d-n£s, s. 365. Sedate-
ness, calmness.
COMPOSER, k6m-p&iz&r, j. An author, a writer ;
he that adapts the musick to words.
COMPOSITE, kSm-pftz^It, adj, 140. The Compos-
ite order in architecture is the last of the five orders, so
named because its capital is composed out of those of
the other orders; it is also called the Roman and Ital-
ick order.
COMPOSITION, k&m-po-zlshi&n, s. The act of
forming an integral of various dissimilar parts; tl>«
act of bringing simple ideas into complication, opposed
to analysis; a mass formed by mingling different in
gredients ; the state of being compounded, union, con
junction ; the arrangement of various figures in a pie-
COM
102
CON
> S. On
e that
559. File 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, m5ve 164,
COMPRESSURE, kSm-pr^sh^shire, s. 452. Theaci
or force of one body pressing against another.
To COMPRINT, kom-pHnt,' v. a. To print toge-
ther ; to print another's copy, to the prejudice of the
rightful proprietor.
To COMPRISE, k&m-prlze/ v. a. To contain, to
include.
COMPROBATION, k&m-pr6-ba£sh&n, s. Proof, at-
testation.
COMPROMISE, k&miprA-mlze, $. A mutual pro-
mise of parties at difference, to refer their controversies
to arbitrators ; an adjustment of a difference of parties
by mutual concession?.
To COMPROMISE, k&mipri-mize, v. a. To ad-
just a compact by mutual concessions, to accord, to a-
gree.
COMPROMISSORIAL, k&m-pr6 nils-soire al, adj.
Relating to compromise.
COMPROVINCIAL, kSm-pr&-vin-shal, adj. Be-
longing to the same province.
COMFT, kount, *. 407. Account, computation,
reckoning. Not used.
To COMPT, kount, v. a. To compute, to number.
We now use To Count.
COMPTIBLE, k5un-t£ bl, adj. Accountable, ready
to give account. Obsolete.
To COMFTROLL, k&n-troll/ v. a. 84. 406. To
control, to over-rule, lo oppose.
COMPTROLLER, k5n-troUilr, s. Director, super-
visor.
COMPTROLLERSHIP, kSn-triilir-shlp, s. Super-
intendence.
COMPULSATIVELY, k5m pulisa-tlv-l£, adv. By
constraint
COMPULSATORY, k&m p&l-sa-t&r-i*, adj. 512.
Having the force of compelling — Sec Domestic!*:
COMPULSION, kSm-p&Ushun, s. The act of com-
pelling to something, force ; the state of being con-.-
pelled.
COMPULSIVE, k&m pil^slv, adj. Having the power
to compel, forcible.
COMPULSIVELY, kftm pulislv-l^, adv. By force,
by violence.
COMPULSIVENESS, kSm-pulislv-nes, s. Force,
compulsion.
COMPULSORILY, k&m-p&l-S&-r£ !£, adv. In a
compulsory or forcible manner, by violence.
COMPULSORY, kim-p&Us&r-£, adj. 512. Having
the power of compelling.j-See Domestic!?.
COMPUNCTION, kim-p&ng-shun, *. The power
of pricking, stimulation; repentance, contrition.
COMPUNCTIOUS, k&m-pungish&s, adj. Repentant.
COMPUNCTIVE, k&m-p&ng'tlv, adj. Causing re-
morse ; causing sorrow from conscious guilt.
COMFURGATION, k&m pur- ga^sh&n, s. The prac-
tice of justifying any man's veracity by the testimony
of another.
COMPURGATOR, kom-p&r ga-tur, *. One who
bears his testimony to the credibility of another.
COMPUTABLE, k5m-pu-td-bl, adj. Capable of be-
ing numbered.
COMPUTATION, k6m-p&-ta£shun, s. The act of
reckoning, calculation ; the sum collected or settled by
calculation.
To COMPUTE, kim-pfite/ v. a. To reckon, to cal-
culate, to count.
COMPUTER, k&m-pu-tur, s. Reckoner, accountant.
COMPUTIST, kim-pil tlst, t. Calculator, one skill,
ed in computation.
COMRADE, kum-rade, *. 16.5. One who dwells in
the same house or chamber ; a companion, a partner.
CON, k&n. A Latin inseparable preposition, which,
at the beginning of words, signifies union, as con-
course, a running together.
CON, k&n, adv. An abbreviation of Contra On the
opposite side, against another, as, to dispute pro ana
con. — \em. con. for Dentine coniradicente ; used when
a motion u passed without any opposition.
hire ; written work ; the act of discharging a debt by
paying part ; consistency, congruity ; in grammar, the
joining words together;' a certain method of demon-
stration in mathematicks, which is the reverse of the
analytical method, or of resolution.
COMPOSITIVE, kom-pizi^-tlv, adj. Compounded,
or having the power of compounding.
COMPOSITOR, k&ra-p5z^-tfir, s. He that ranges
and adjusts the types in printing.
COMPOST, kim-pist, s. Manure.
COMPOSTURE, kftm-p&s-tshire, *. 461. Soil, ma-
nure. Not used.
COMPOSURE, k5m-p6izhire, s. 452. The act of
composing or inditing ; arrangement, combination, or-
der ; the form arising from the disposition of the va-
rious parts ; frame, make ; relative adjustment'; com-
pnsition, framed discourse ; seuateness, calmness, tran-
quillity ; agreement, composition, settlement of differ-
ences.
COMPUTATION, kim-pA-taishin, *. The act of
drinking together
COMPOTATOR, k5m-pA taitfir,
COMPOTOR, kim-pA^t&r,
drinks with another.
JfJ- I have not found either of these words in any of
ourDictionaries, and have ventured to place them here
only as conversation words : the former as the more usu-
al, the latter as more correct. They are neater expres-
sions than any in our language, and convey a m uch less of-
fensive idea than a pot companion, a good fallow, Ac. &c.
To COMPOUND, kim-p6undV v. a. To mingle
many ingredients together ; to form one word from one,
two, or more words ; to adjust a difference, by recession
from the rigour of claims ; to discharge a debt, by pay-
ing only part.
To COMPOUND, k&m-pound,' v. n. To come to
terms of agreement, by abating something ; to bargain
in the lump.
COMPOUND, k&m£p<J&nd, adj. 492. Formed out
of many ingredients, not single ; composed of two or
more words.
COMPOUND, kSmip&ftnd, i. 492. The mass formed
by the union of many ingredients.
COMPOUNDABLE, k5m-p6un^da-bl, adj. Capable
of being compounded.
COMPOUNDER, k6m-p5fin£d&r, s. One who en-
deavours to bring parties to terms of agreement; a
ming'er, one who mixes bodies.
To COMPREHEND, k&m-pr^-h^nd,' v. a. To com-
prise, to include; to contain in the mind, to con-
ceive.
COMPREHENSIBLE, k&m-pr£-h£nis«Ujl, adj. In-
telligible, conceivable.
COMPREHENSIBLY, kim pre-hlnis^-ble, adv.
With great power of signification or understanding.
COMPREHENSION, kSm-pr£-h2nish&n, s. The act
or quality of comprising or containing, inclusion ;
summary, epitome, compendium ; knowledge, capacity,
power of the mind to admit ideas.
COMPREHENSIVE, k6m-pr4-hdnislv, adj. Having
the power to comprehend or understand ; having the
quality of comprising much.
COMPREHENSIVELY, k&m-prd-h£n£slv-ld, adv.
In a comprehensive manner.
COMPREHENSIVENESS, k&ra-pre-hen-siv-n£s, s.
The quality of including much in a few words or nar-
row compass.
To COMPRESS, k&m-pr&,' v. a. To force into a
narrow compass ; to embrace.
COMPRESS, kim-prSs, s. 492. Bolsters of linen
' rags.
COMPRESSIBILITY, kim-pr£s-s£-blW£-t<*, s. The
quality of admitting to be brought by force into a nar-
rower compass.
COMPRESSIBLE, k5m-pr£s£s(*-bl, adj. Yielding to
pressure, so as that one part is brought nearer to an-
other.
COMPRESSIBLENESB, k&m-pr&^se-bl n&, s. Ca-
pability of being pressed close.
COMPRESSION, kinvprfchiun, s. The act of bring,
ing the parts of any body more near to each other by
violence.
CON
103
CON
lowness.
To CONCEAL, k5n-sele,' v. a.
secret, not to divulge.
To hide, to keep
CONCEALABLE, k6n-s^la-bl, adj. Capable of be-
ing concealed.
CONCEALEDNESS, kftn-S&l&l-nds, s. Privity, ob-
scurity.
CONCEALER, k5n-s<Miir, j. He that conceals any
thing.
CONCEALMENT, kon-s41eim3nt, s. The act of
hiding, secrecy ; the state of being hid, privacy ; hiding
place, retreat.
To CONCEDE, k6n-s£de/ v. a.
grant.
To admit, to
CONCEIT, kon-s&e,' s. Conception, thought, idea ;
understanding, readiness of apprehension ; fancy, fan-
tastical notion ; a fond opinion of one's self; a pleasant
fancy ; Out of conceit with, no longer fond of.
To CONCEIT, kfin-s£te£ v. a. To imagine, to be-
lieve.
CONCEITED, k&n-sd£t§d, part. adj. Endowed with
fancy; proud, fond of himself ; opinionative.
CONCEITEDLY, k&n-sd't£d-l£, adv. Fancifully,
whimsically.
CONCEITEDNESS, k6n-S&t£d-n£s, s. Pride, fond-
ness of himself.
CONCEITLESS, k&n-s£te-l5s, adj. Stupid, without
thought.
CONCEIVABLE, k&n-s&va-bl, adj. That may be
imagined or thought ; that may be understood or be-
lieved.
CONCEIVABLENESS, k&n-S^vl-bl-nes, n. The qua-
lity of being conceivable.
CONCEIVABLY, k&n-s£-va-bl£, adv In a conceiv-
able manner.
To CONCEIVE, k5n-s<*ve,' v. a. To admit into the
womb ; to form in the mind ; to comprehend, to un-
derstand ; to think, to be of opinion.
To CONCEIVE, k6n-sdvc/ v. n. To think, to have
an idea of; to become pregnant.
CoNCEIVER, kin-stRvir, s. One that understands
or apprehends.
CONCENT, k&n-s^nt/ s. Concert of voices, harmo-
ny ; consistency.
To CONCENTRATE, kin-s3n-trate, v. a. 91. To
drive into a narrow compass ; to drive towards the cen-
tre.
CONCENTRATION, kin-s3rutra-sliun, 5. Collec-
tion into a narrower space round the centre.
To CONCENTRE, k6n-sdi\it&r, v. n. 416. To tend
to one common centre.
To CONCENTRE, kftn-sdni'ttir, v. a. To direct qr
contract towards one centre.
n&r 167 nit 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
To CON, kin, v. a. To know ; to study ; to fix in
the memory.
To CONCAMERATE, kin-kam-^-rate, v. a. 91.
408. To arch over, to vault.
To CONCATENATE, kin-kat-e nate, v. a. 91. To
link together.
CONCATENATION, kin-kat-£-naishan, s. A se-
ries of links.
CONCAVATION, king-ka-va£shun, s. The act of
making concave.
Jt^p As the secondary accent is on the first syllable of
this word, and the n comes before hard c, it has the ring-
ing sound as much as if the principal accent were upon
it. 408, 409, 432.
CONCAVE, kingikave, adj. 408, 409, 432 Hoi-
low, opposed to convex.
CONCAVENESS, king-kave-n&, 5. Hollowness.
CONCAVITY, kin-kav^-tc*, s. Internal surface of
a hollow spherical or spheroidical body.
CONCAVO CONCAVE, kin kaiv6-kongikave, adj.
408. Concave or hollow on both sides.
CONCAVO CONVEX, kin kaivo-kiiA-eks, adj.
Concave one way, and convex the other.
CoNCAVOUS, kin-ka^vis, adj. Concave.
CONCAVOUSLY, kin-ka-vus-14, adj. With hol-
CONCENTRICAL, kin-s£n-trt£-kal, 1 .. ,
, . 3t.i, f adj. Having
I nvf ' WTR IPV Knn ^on-irlk 1 ~
^yWjNCljiN 1 IviljA., IW.U1I— 3t.ll LI A1V, y
one common centre.
CONCEPTACLE, kin.sepita-kl, s. 405. That in
which any thing is contained, a vessel.
CONCEPTIBLE, kin sep-t(i-bl, adj. Intelligible,
capable to be understood.
CONCEPTION, kin-s£p-shun, s. The act of con-
ceiving, qr quickening with pregnancy ; the state of be-
ing conceived ; notion, idea ; sentiment, purpose ; aj>-
prehension, knowledge ; conceit, sentiment, pointed
thought.
CONCEPTIOUS, kin-s^pish&s, adj. Apt to conceive, '
pregnant.
CONCEPTIVE, kin-S§p-t!v, adj. Capable to coi>-
ceive.
To CONCERN, kin-s£rn/ v. a. To relate to ; to
belong to ; to affect with some passion ; to interest, to
engage by interest ; to disturb, to make uneasy. «
CONCERN, kin-s£rn,' s. Business, affair ; interest,
engagement, importance, moment ; passion, affection,
regard.
CONCERNING, kin-sSr-ning, prep. Relating to,
with relation to.
CONCERNMENT, kin-s3rnimint, s. The thing in
which we are concerned or interested, business, inter-
est; intercourse, importance; interposition, meddling;
passion, emotion of mind.
To CONCERT, kin-s£rt/ v. a. To settle any thing
in private, by mutual communication ; to settle, to
contrive, to adjust.
CONCERT, kin -slrt, *. Communication of designs ;
a symphony, many performers playing the same tune.
CONCERTATION, kin-ser-taishun, s. Strife, con-
tention.
CONCERTATIVE, kin.s£rita-:Iv, adj. Contenti-
ous.
CONCESSION, kin-s£s£shun, $. The act of yield-
ing; a giant, the thing yielded.
CONCESSIONARY, kin-s£s-shun-aj>4, adj. Given
by indulgence.
CONCESSIVE, kin-sls-slv, adj. Yielded by way at
concession.
CONCESSIVELY, kin-s£sisiv-l£, adv. By way of
concession.
CONCH, kingk, s. 408. A sheJl, a sea shell.
CONCHOID, kingikold, s. The name of a curve,
the property of which is to approach perpetually near-
er to a line, without ever being able to touch it.
To CONCILIATE, kin-sll-} ate, v. a. 91. 113
To gain over, to reconcile.
CONCILIATION, kin-sll e-a-shun, s. The act o/
gaining or reconciling.
CONCILIATOR, kin-sll-e-a-tur, s. One that make*
peace between others.
CONCILIATORY, kin-sllid-a-t&r.4, adj. Relating
to reconciliation. — See Domestick.
^f Mr. Sheridan places the accent upon the a in
this word, but all our other oithoepUts place it more pro
perly upon the second syllable. 312.
CONCINNITY, kun-sln-ne-te, s. Decency, fitness.
CONCINNOUS, kin-sln-nus, adj. Becoming, plea-
sant.
CONCISE, kin-slse/ adj. Brief, short.
CONCISELY, kin-siseil£, adv. Briefly, shortly. . '
CONCISENESS, kin-sist-n^s, s. Brevity, shortness.
CONCISION, kin-slzh-shun, s. Cutting off, excision.
CONCITATION, kin-s£-taishun, s. The act of stir-
ring up.
CONCLAMATION, king-kla-mai-shun, s. 408 An
outcry.
CONCLAVE, king-klave, s. 408. Private apart,
ment; the room in which the cardinals meet, or the
assembly of the cardinals; a close assembly. — See Ta
Collect.
To CONCLUDE, kin-kludc/ v. a. To collect by
ratiocination; to decide, to determine; to end, to fin-
ish.
CON
104
CON
fc$> 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81— m£ 93,m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nil 62, move 164,
To CONCLUDE, k&n-kl&de/ v. n. To perform the CONCRETE, k&ngikrete, «. 408. A mass formed
last act of ratiocination, to determine; to settle opi- , by concretion.
nion ; finally to determine; to end. j CONCRETELY, kon-kr£te-ld, adv. In a manner
CONCLUDENCY, k&n-klu:id£n-s£, S. Consequence,; including the subject with the predicate.
regular proof. ' CONCRETENESS, kon-kr£tein£s, *. Coagulation,
CONCLUDEN T, kon-kla-dent, adj. Decisive. collection of fluids into a solid mass.
CONCLUSIBLE, kSn-kli-ze-bl, adj. 439. Deter- CONCRETION, k&n-kr^sh&n, s. The act of con-
minable.
CONCLUSION, kSn-kl6-?jfmn, s.
Determination,
creting, coalition ; the mass formed by a coalition of
separate particles.
LJJXV^ljUalVH1!, ».v*l»— I\1W— //V11AU, o. i^cl.c» IlltllalliJII, r ,. „
final decision ; collection from propositions premised, ! CONCHETIVE, k6n-kre-tlv, adj. Coagulative.
consequence; the close; the event of experiment ; the
end, the upshot
CONCLUSIVE, kon-klWslv, adj. 158. 428. De-
cisive, giving the last determination ; regularly conse-
quential.
CONCLUSIVELY, kon-kl&£slv-l£, adv. Decisively.
COLLUSIVENESS, kon-klh-slv-n£s, s. Power of
determining the opinion.
To CONCOAGULATE, k&ng-k6-ag%6-late, v. a.
408. To congeal one thing with another.
CONCOAGULATION, k6ng-k6-ag-g&-latshftn, s.
A coagulation by which different bodies are joined in
one mass.
To CONCOCT, kon-k&kt,' v. a. To digest by the
stomach ; to purify by heat.
CONCOCTION, k&n-kik-sh&n, *. Digestion in the
stomach, maturation by heat.
CONCOLOUR, kon-k&lilir, adj. Of one colour.
CONCOMITANCE, k&n-k6m££-tAnse,
CONCOMITANCY, kon-komi£-tan-s«3
enee together with another thing.
CONCOMITANT, k6n-k6mie-tant, adj. Conjoined
with, concurrent with.
CONCOMITANT, k6n-kSm££-tant, s. Companion,
person or thing collaterally connected.
CONCOMITANTLY, kon-kSmi4-tant-l£, adv. In
company with others.
To CONCOMITATE, k&n-k6m^-tate, v. n. To
be connected with any thing.
CONCORD, k5ng-k6rd, s. 408. Agreement be-
tween persons and things, peace, union, harmony, con-
Subsist-
CONCRETURE, kSn-kr4-tshure, a. 461. A mass
form< d by coagulation.
CONCUBINAGE, k&n-kWb^-nage, *. 91. The act
of living with a woman not married.
CONCUBINE, kSng-kii-bJne, s 408. A woman
kept in fornication, a whore.
|f^" Anciently this word signified a woman who was
married, but who had no legal claim to any part of the
husband's property.
To CONCULCATE, k&n-k&l-kate, v. a. To bead
or trample under foot.
CoNCULCATlON,k5ng-k&l-kaish&n, s. 408. Tram.
pling with the feet.
CONCUPISCENCE, k&n-k6ip£-sSnse, *. 510. Ir-
regular desire, libidinous wish.
CONCUPISCENT, k&n-kfi-pe-s£nt, adj. Libidinous,
lecherous.
CONCUPISCENTIAL, k6n-ki-pd-s£nishal, adj Re-
lating to concupiscence.
CONCUPISCLBI.E, k5n-k&ip£-s£-bl, adj. impress-
ing desire.
To CONCUR, k&n-k&r,' v. n. 408. To meet in one
point ; to agree, to join in one action ; to be united
with, to be conjoined ; to contribute to one common
event.
CONCURRENCE, kSn-k&r^re'nse,
^re'nse, 7
/ i i r *• union,
irfin-s^, \
CONCORDANCE, k5n-koridanse, s. 496. Agree-
ment ; a book which shows in how many texts of scrip-
ture any word occurs.
J£5" Johnson, Sheridan, Ash, Scott, Nares, Perry, Bai-
leyYEntick, W. Johnston, Buchanan, and Kenrick, all
concur in placing the accent on the second syllable of this
word in both its senses ; and every plea of distinction is
trifling against all these authorities, and the discordance
of the accent on the first syllable.— -See Bowl.
CONCORDANT, k&n-koridant, adj. Agreeable, a-
greeing.
CONCORDATS, kin-korMate, s. 91. A compact,
a convention.
CONCORPORAL, kon-koripi-ral, adj. Of the same
body.
To CONCORPORATE, kon-k&-ip6-rate, v. a. 91.
To unite in one mass or substance.
CONCORPORATION, kon-k6r-po-ra-sh&n, *. Union
in one mass.
CONCOURSE, kongMc6rse, s. 408. The confluence
of many persons or things ; the point of junction or in-
tersection of two bodies.
COXCREMATION, k&ng-kr£.ma-shfin, s. The act
of burning together.
CoNCRKMENT, k&ngikrd-m&nt, s. 408. The mass
formed by concretion.
CONCRESCENCE, k6n-kr£sise!nse, s. The act or
quality of growing by the union of separate particles.
To CONCRETE, k&n-kr&te,' v. n. To coalesce into
one mass.
To CONCRETE, k&n-krete/ v. a. To form by con-
cretion.
CONCRETE, kon-krete,' adj. 408. Formed by con-
cretion ; in logick, not abstract, applied to a subject.
See Dltcreie.
CONCURRENCY, kfl
sociation, conjunction ; combination of many agent)
or circumstances ; assistance, help ; joint right, com-
mon claim.
CONCURRENT, kon-k&rir£nt, adj. Acting in con-
junction, concomitant in agency.
CONCURRENT, k&n-k&r-r^nt, s. That which con-
curs.
CONCUSSION, k5n-k&shifin, s. The act of shaking,
tremefaction.
CONCUSSIVE, k&n-k&s'slv, adj. Having the power
or quality of shaking.
To CONDEMN, kon-de'm/ v. a. To find guilty, to
doom to punishment ; to censure, to blame.
CONDEMNABLE, kon-de/m-na-bl, atij. BlameabJe,
culpable.
CONDEMNATION, kon-d£m-na-shfrn, s. The sen-
tence by which any one is doomed to punishment.
CONDEMNATORY, kon-dem£na-t&r-4, adj. 512.
Passing a sentence of condemnation. — See Domestick.
CONDEMNER, k&n-d^m-nir, s. 411. A blamer,
a censurer.
CoND»NSABLE, kon-d£ni-si-bl, adj. That which
is capable of condensation.
To CONDENSATE, k6n-d£nisate, v. a. 91. To
make thicker.
To CONDENSATE, k&n-d£nisate, v. n. To grow
thick.
CONDENSATE, k6n-d£n-sate, adj 91. Made thick,
compressed into less space.
CONDENSATION, kon-d£n-sa-sh&n, s. The act of
thickening any body ; opposite to rarefaction.
To CONDENSE, kon-d^nse,' v. a. To make any
body more thick, close, and weighty.
To CONDENSE, kon-d£nse/ v. n. To grow ck>s«
and weighty.
CONDENSE, k&n-d£nse/ adj. Thick, dense.
CONDENSER, kon-d£n-sfrr, ». A vessel, wherein
to crowd the air.
CONDENSITY, k6n-denise-t£, *. The state of being
condensed.
CON
105
CON
n6r 167, n5t 163— lb.be 171, tfib 172, bill J73— 511 299— p6und 313 — C/iin 466- Tills 469.
To CONDESCEND, k6n-di-s5nd/ v. n. To depart ] CON DUPLICATION, k&n-dh-pte-ka-sh&n, t. A
from the privileges of superiority ; to consent to do doubling, a duplicate.
CONE, kdne, s. A solid body, of which the base i»
a circle, and which ends in a point.
To CONFABULATE, k5n-fab-&-late, v. n. To
more than mere justice can require ; to stoop, to bend,
to yield.
CONDESCENDENCE, kSn-d£-s£n-<13nse, *. Vo-
luntary submission.
CONDESCENDINGLY, k&n-d&-s6ndilng-l£, adv.
By way of voluntary humiliation, by way of kind con-
cession.
CONDESCENSION, k6n-dd-s3n-shun, s. Volun-
tary humiliation, descent from superiority. — See To
Collect.
CONDESCENSIVE, kin-d£ sSn-slv, adj. Courteous ;
affable.
CONDIGN, kSn-dlne/ adj. 385. Suitable, deserved,
merited.
CONDIGNNESS, kun-dine^nls, s. Suitableness, a-
greeabimess to deserts.
CoNDlGNLY, k&n-dlnei.l£, adv. Deservedly, ac-
cording to merit.
CONDIMENT, k5n-d£-m5nt, j. Seasoning, sauce.
CONDISCIPLE, k&n-dls- si-pi, s. A school-fellow.
To CoNDlTE, kfin-dite/ v. a. To pickle, to preserve
by salts.
CONDITION, k&n-dlsW&n, j. Quality, that by
which any thing is denominated good or bad ; natural
quality of the mind, temper, temperament; state, cir-
the mind, temper, temperame;
s; rank; stipulation, terms of
compact.
CONDITIONAL, k5n-dlsh£&n -al, adj. By way of
stipulation, not absolute.
CONDITIONALITY, kSn-dlsh-£-6-nal-A-t£, s. Li-
mitation by certain terms.
CONDITIONALLY, k6n-dIsh-&n-al-£, adv. With
certain limitations, on particular terms.
CONDITIONARY, kSn-dish-fin-a-r£, adj. Stipu-
lated.
CONDITIONATE, k&n-dlshi&n-ate, adj. Establish-
ed on certain terms.
CONDITIONED, k6n-dlsh-&nd, adj. Having qua-
lities or properties good or bad.
To CONDOLE, k&n-ddlf,' v. n. To lament with
those that are in misfortune.
To CONDOLE, k&n-d61e,' v. a. To bewail with an-
other.
CONDOLEMENT, k5n-dAle-m£nt, s. Grief, sorrow.
CONDOLENCE, kftn-dW^nse, $. Grief for the sor-
rows of another.
CoNDOLEa, kSn-d<W&r, s. One that laments with
another upon his misfortunes.
CONDONATION, k5n-d6-na-sh&n, s. A pardoning,
a forgiving.
To CONDUCE, kin-dflse,' v. n. To promote an end,
to contribute to.
CONDUCIBLE, k6n-dil-s^ bl, adj. Having the power
of conducing.
CONDUCIBLENESS, k&n-du-s£-bl-n5s, s. The qua-
lity of contributing to any end.
CONDUCIVE, k&n-du^slv, adj. That which may
contribute to any end.
CONDUCIVENESS, k&n-dWslv -n£s, S. The quality
of conducing.
CONDUCT, k&n^d&kt, s. 492. Management, econo-
my ; the act of leading troops ; convoy ; a warrant by
which a convoy is appointed ; exact behaviour, regular
life.
To CONDUCT, k&n-d&kt/ v. a. To lead, to direct, to
accompany in order to show the way ; to attend in civili-
ty ; to manage, as, to conduct an affair ; to head an army.
CONDUCTITIOUS, k5n-d&k-tlsh-&s, adj. Hired.
CONDUCTOR, kftn-d&k-t&r, s. 418. A leader, one
who shows another the way by accompanying him ; a
chief, a general ; a manager, a director ; an instrument
to direct the knife in cutting for the stone.
CONDUCTRESS, k&n-dik-trds, s. A woman that
directs.
CONDUIT, k&rAllt, *. 165. 341. A canal of pipes
for the conveyance of waters ; the pipcor cock at which
water is drawn.
talk easily together, to chat.
CONFABULATION, k&n-fab-6-la-sh&n, 3.
conversation.
Easy
CONFABULATORY, k&n.fab-&-la-tfir-£, adj. 512.
Belonging to talk.— See Domestick.
CONFARREATION, k6n-far rd-aish&n, s. The so-
lemnization of marriage by eating bread together.
To CONFECT, k5n-f£kt,' v. a. To make up into
sweetmeats.
CONFECT, k5n£f£kt, s. 492. A sweetmeat.
CONFECTION, k&n-f§k-sh&n, s. A preparation of
fruit with sugar, sweetmeat ; a composition, a mixture.
CONFECTIONARY, k&n-f£kishiin-a-r£, s. The
place where sweetmeats are made or sold.
CONFECTIONER, k&n-f&k-sh&n-frr, s. One whose
trade is to make sweetmeats.
CONFEDERACY, k5n-f£d-£r-a-s£, s. League, union,
engagement.
To CONFEDERATE, k&n-fdd^r-ate, v. a. 91. To
join in a league, to unite, to ally.
To CONFEDERATE, kSn-f£di3r-ate, v. n. To
league, to unite in a league.
CONFEDERATE, k&n-fed^r-ate, adj. 91. United
in a. league.
CONFEDERATE, k&n-f?di£r-ate, s. One who en-
gages to support another, an all
Alli-
gages to support another, an ally.
CONFEDERATION, k5n- f£d-er-a-sh&n,
ance; league; union for mutual assistance.
To CONFER, k6n-f£r,' v. n. To discourse with an-
other upon a stated subject, to conduce to.
To CONFER, k&n-f5r/ v. a. To compare ; to give,
to bestow.
CONFERENCE, k5n-f£r-£nse, s. 533. Formal dis-
course, oral discussion of any question ; an appointed
meeting for discussing some point; comparison. In
this last sense little used.
CoNFERRER, k6n-f§ri&r, 5. He that confers j h«
that bestows.
To CONFES.8, kin-f^s,' v. a. To acknowledge •
crime; to disclose the state of the conscience to the
priest ; to hear the confession of a penitent, as a priest ;
to own, to avow ; to grant.
To CONFESS, k&n-fds,' v. n. To make confession,
as, he is gone to the priest to confess.
CONFESSEDLY, k6n-f£sis£d-l£, adv. 364. Avow-
edly, indisputably.
CONFESSION, k6n-f<?shi&n, 5. The acknowledg-
ment of a crime; the act of disburdening the con-
science to a priest ; a formulary in which the articles of
faith are comprised.
CONFESSIONAL, k&n-fdsh-fin-al, s. The seat in
which the confessor sits.
CONFESSIONARY, k6n-f£sh-fi.n-a-r£, s. The teat
where the priest sits to hear confessions.
CONFESSOR, k6n-f£s-s&r, s. One who makes pro-
fession of his faith in the face of danger ; he that hears
confessions, and prescribes penance ; he who confesses
his crimes.
r. Kenrick says, this word is sometimes, but im-
properly, accented on the first syllable ; but it may bo
observed, that this impropriety is become so universal,
that not one who has the least pretension to politeness
dares to pronounce it otherwise. It is, indeed, to be re-
gretted, that we are so fond of Latin originals as entirely
to neglect our own ; for this word can now have the ac-
cent on the second syllable, only when it means one who
confesses his crimes ; a sense in which it is scarcely ever
used. Mr. Sheridan and Entick have the accent on the
first syllable of this word ; Mr. Scott on the first and se-
cond ; Dr. Johnson, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, W. Johnston,
Ash, Bailey, and Smith, on the second ; but notwithstand-
ing this weight of authority, the best usage is certainly on
the other side.
CONFEST, k&n-f^st,' adj. Open, known, not con.
cealed.
KJ- Dr, Kenrick telU us, that thi* U a poetical word
CON 106 CON
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81— mi 93, m& 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, m6ve 1 64,
for Confined: and, indeed, we frequently find it so writ- CONFIRMATORY, k&n-f£rm-a-t&r-<*, a(jjf 5)2.
Giving additional testimony — See Do'aesiiclc.
CONFIRMEDNESS, k5n-f6rm^d-nds, s. Confirm.
ten by Pope and others :
" This clue thus found unravels all the rwt ;
" The prospect clears, and Clodio s-tands confeil."
But that this is a mere compliance with the prejudices of
the eye, and that there is not the least necessity for de-
parting from the common spelling, see Principles of Eng-
lish Pronunciation, No. 360.
CONFESTLY,
properly Confessedly.
^ld, adv. 364. Indisputably,
CONFIDANT, k&n-f^-dant,' s. A person trusted
with private affairs.
ȣ> This word, very unlike most others from the same
source, has been made to alter its French orthography, in
order to approach a little nearer to the English pronun-
ciation of it. Some affected speakers on the stage pro-
nounce the first syllable like cone, as it is markecl in the
first edition of Mr. Sheridan's Dictionary ; and this is per-
fectly of a piece with the affectation which has altered the
spelling of the last. By Dryden and South, as quoted by
Dr. Jonnson, we find this word spelled like the adjective
confident ; and it is more than probable that its French
pronunciation is but of late date ; but so universal is its
use at present, that a greater mark of rusticity cannot be
given than to place the accent on the first syllable, and to
pronounce the last dent instead of dant.
To CONFIDE, k6n-f Ide,' v. n. To trust in.
CONFIDENCE, k&n£f<4-d£nse, s. Firm belief of an-
other ; trust in his own abilities or fortune ; vi tious
boldness, opposed to modesty ; honest boldne.s, firm-
ness of integrity ; trust in the goodness of another.
CONFIDENT, k6ni££-d£nt, adj. Ass-irtd beyond
doubt; positive, dogmatical j secure of success; with-
out suspicion, trusting without limits; bold to a vice,
impudent.
CONFIDENT, k&n-f£-d£nt, s. One trusted with se-
crets. — See Confidant.
CONFIDENTIAL, k6n-fd-d£n-shal, adj. Worthy
of confidence.
CONFIDENTIALLY, kSn-f&-d3n-shal-ld, adv. In a
confidential manner.
CONFIDENTLY, kin£f£-d£nt-l£, adv. Without
doubt, without fear ; with firm trust; positively, dog-
matically.
CONFIDENTNESS, k&n-f(*-d£nt-n£s, s. Assurance.
CONFIGURATION, kSn-flg-6-ra-sh&n, *. The
form of the various parts, adapted to each other j the
face of the horoscope.
To CONFIGURE, k&n-f Ig-ire, ». o. To dispose
into any form.
CONFINE, kSnifine, *. 140. 492.
boundary, border, edge.
J£5* Dr. Johnson tells us, that the substanti
Common,
ve confine
was formerly pronounced with the accent on the last syl-
lable. The examples, however, which he gives us from
the poets, prove only that it was accented both ways.
But, indeed, it is highly probable that this was the case ;
for instances are numerous of the propensity of latter
pronunciation to place the accent higher than formerly;
and when by this accentuation a noun is distinguished
from a verb, it is supposed to have its use. — See Bowl-
To CONFINE, kin-fine, v. n. To border upon,
to touch on different territories.
To CONFINE, k&n-f hie,' v. a. To limit ; to impri-
son ; to restrain, to tie up to.
CONFINELESS, k6il-f lne-l£s, adj. Boundless, un-
limited.
CONFINEMENT, k&n-flne-m£nt, s. Imprisonment,
restraint of liberty.
CoNFINER, k&n-f iin&r, j. A borderer, one that
lives upon confines ; one that touches upon two differ-
ent regions.
CONFINITY, kftn-fln^ te, 3. Nearness.
To CONFIRM, kin-fenn,' r. a. 108. To put past
doubt by new evidence; to settle, to establish; to
strengthen by new solemnities or ties ; to admit to the
full privileges of a Christian, by imposition of hands.
CONFIRMABLE, k&n-f£rima-bl, adj. That which
is capable of incontestable evidence.
CONFIRMATION, k&n-f£r-ma-sh&n, s. The act of
establishing any thing or person, evidence, addition
al proof; an ecclesiastical rite.
CONFIRMATOR, k&n-f£r-ma-tfir, s. An attester,
he tint puts a matter past doubt.
ed state.
I£> This word ought to bt added to those taken no-
tice of.— Prin. No. 36.5.
CONFIRMER, k5n-f§rrn'&r, J. One that confirms,
an attester, an establisher.
CONFISCABLE, k&n-f ls-ka-bl, adj. Liable to fur.
feiture.
To CONFISCATE, k&n-fls^kate, v. a. To transfer
private property to the public, by way of penalty.
CONFISCATE, k&n-fls^kate, adj. Transferred to
the public as forfeit.
tf^f Dr. Kenrick blames Dr. Johnson for accenting
thisword on the second syllabic, when the example he
jrings from Shakespeare accents it on the first ; but it
may be observed, that as the verb ought to have the ac-
cent on the second syllable, the adjective, which is deriv-
ed from it, ought to have the accent on the same syllable
ikewise; and the example from Shakespeare must be
ooked upon as a poetical license.
CONFISCATION, k&n-fls-kaish&n, *. The act of
transferring the forfeited goods of criminals to public
use.
CONFITENT, k&n-f£-t£nt, s. One confessing.
CONFITURE, k&n-fi-tshfire, *. 461. A sweet-
meat, a confection.
To CONFIX, k&n-flks,' v. a. To fix down.
CONFLAGRANT, kin- flaigrant, adj. Involved In
a general fire.
CONFLAGRATION, k&n-fla-gra-sh&n, s. A general
fire; it is taken for the fire which shali consume this
world at the consummation.
CONFLATION, kSn-fla-shfin, s. The act of blow-
ing many instruments together ; a casting or melting of
metal.
CONFLEXURE, k&n-fl£kishure, s. 452. A bending.
To CONFLICT, k&n-flikt/ v. n. To contest, to
struggle.
CONFLICT, k&nifllkt, s.492. A violent collision, or op-
position, a combat, strife, contention; struggle, agony.
CONFLUENCE, k&n'flri £nse, s. The junction 01
union of several streams ; the act of crowding to a
place; a concourse ; a multitude.
CONFLUENT, k&n-flh-£nt, adj. Running one intc
another, meeting.
CONFLUX, k&n-fl&ks, i. The union of severs.
currents ; crowd, multitude collected.
CONFORM, k&n-form/ adj. Assuming the same
form, resembling.
To CONFORM, k&n-f6rm,' v. a. To reduce to the
like appearance with something else.
To CONFORM, k&n-fSrm,' v. n To comply with.
CONFORMABLE, k&n-forima-bl, at\j. Having the
same form, similar; agreeable, suitable; compliant,
obsequious.
CONFORMABLY, k&n-forima-bte, adv. With con-
formity, suitably.
CONFORMATION, k&n-for-ma-shfin, *. The form
of things as relating to each other; the act of produc-
ing suitableness, or conformity.
CONFORMIST, k&n-fSr-mlst, s. One that compile*
with the worship of the Church of England.
CONFORMITY, k&n-for-md-t^, s. Similitude, re-
semblance ; consistency.
To CONFOUND, k&n-fSfind,' v. a. To mii^ie
things ; to perplex ; to throw into consternation ; tn as-
tonish, to stupify ; to destroy.
CONFOUNDED, k6n-f<54u-d£d, part. adj. Hateful,
detestable.
CONFOUNDEDLY, k5n-f3uniddd-le, adv. Hate-
fully, shamefully.
CONFOUNDER, kin-founW&r, S. He who disturbs,
perplexes, or destroys.
CONFRATERNITY, k6n-fra-t£r£n<J-te, s. A u*iy
of men united for some religious purpose.
CONFRICATION, k&n-fre-ki-bha!:, S. The act of
j rubbing against any thing.
CON
n5r 167, n5t 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173— -ill 299— p5&r.J 313— thin 463 — THIS 469.'
To CONFRONT, k&n-frSnt/ v. a. To stand against CoNGLOBATlON, kong-glA liaishun, s. 408. A
another in full view ; to stand face to face, in opposi- round body.
tion to another ; to oppose one evidence to another in
oen court ; to compare one thing with another. |
In colloquial pronunciation this word has its last
fo CONGLOBE, kin-glib* ,' v. a. To gather into
rnimH ma««
In colloquial pronunciaton ts wor as ts ast ~a 7, "T ,. ,,. .
syllable sounded like the last of affront, but the second To CONGLOBE, kdn-gldbe,' v. n. To coalesce into
syllable of confrontation ought never to be so pronounc- ; a round mass.
To CONGLOMERATE, k&n-g]5mi£r-ate, v. a. Tc
gather into a ball, like a ball of thread.
CONGLOMERATE, k6n-gl6m^r-atf, adj. 9 1 . G:i.
thered into a round ball, so as that the fibres aie dis-
tinct ; collected, twisted together.
CONGLOMERATION, k&n-glSm-£r-aishun, .«.
Collection of matter into a loose ball; intertcxture,
CONFRONTATION, kon-fron-taishun, S. The act
of bringing two evidences face to face.
To CONFUSE, kin-fuze,' v. a. To disorder, to dis-
perse irregularly ; to perplex, to obscure ; to hurry the I
mind.
CONFUSEDLY, k6n-fu£zed-l£, adv. 364. In
mixed mass, without separation ; indistinctly, one
CONFUSION, ktaJ&ohfin, s. Irregular mixture, ! CONGLUTINATION, k6n-gl&-t<*-naishun, s.
tumultuous medley; tumult; indistinct combination ; j act of uniting wounded bodies
overthrow, destruction; astonishment, distraction of CoNGLUT1N°TIVE) kftn-gl&itA-ni tlv, adj. Hav-
mind.
CONFUTABLE, kin-fuita-bl, adj. Possible to be
disproved.
CONFUTATION, k&n-fu-ta-shun, s. The act of
confuting, disproof.
To CONFUTE, k&n-fute,' v. a. To convict of error,
to disprove.
CONGE, or CONGEE, k6n-j££/ J. Act of reverence,
bow, courtesy j leave, farewell.
To CONGEE, k6n-j££/ v. a. To take leave.
CONGE- D'ELIRE, k6n-j£-d<*-!Wr,' s. The king's
permission-royal to a dean and chapter, in time of va-
cancy, to choose a bishop.
To CONGEAL, k6n-j£el,' v. a. To turn, by frost,
from a fluid to a solid state; to bind or fix, as by
cold.
To CONGEAL, k&n-j££l,' v. n. To concrete by cold.
CONGEALABLE, k&n-j££l!&.bl, adj. Susceptible of
congelation.
CO»GEALMENT, k&n-j&l-mSnt, s. The clot form.
ed by congelation.
CONGELATION, k6n-j£-laishun, s. state of being
congealed, or made solid.
CONGENER, k&n-j&n&r, s. 98. Of the same kind
or nature.
CONGENEROUS, k&n j^n^r-ris, ai\j Of the same
kind.
CONGENEROUSNESS, k&n-j^n^r.r&s-nls, 3. The
quality of being from the same original.
CONGENIAL, k&n-j£in£-al, adj. Partaking of the
same genius, cognate.
CONGENIALITY, k6n-j^-n^-aW-ti, 7
CONGENIALNESS, kSn-j&nd-al-n&s,
nation of mind.
CONGENITE, k&n-j3ninlt, adj. 140. 154. Of the
same birth, connate.
CONGER, kftngigur, s. 409. The sea-eel.
CONGERIES, k5n-j^r£-£z, s. A mass of small bo-
dies heaped up together.
Tc CONGEST, k6n-j£st,' v. a. To heap up.
CONGESTIBLE, k&n-j£st-ti-bl, a<tf. That may be
heaped up.
CONGESTION, kfin-j&stiy&n, *. 464. A collection
of matter as in abscesses.
CONGIARY, k&nijd a-r£, s. A gift distributed to
the Roman people or soldiery.
To CONGLACIATE, k&n-gla-shi-ate, v. n. 461.
To turn to ice.
CONGLACIATION, k6ng-gla-sh(*-aishun, s. 408.
Act of changing into ice.
To CONGLOBATE, k&n-gl^bate, v. a. To gather
into a hard firm ball.
CONGLOBATE, k&n-gl<i-bate, adj. 91. Moulded
into a firm ball.
CONGLOBATELY, kSn-gl6-biU'-li, ado. In a
spherical form.
ing the power of uniting wounds,
CONGLUTINATOR, kftn-glu-t£-na-tur, s. 520. 166.
That which has the power of uniting wounds.
CONGRATULANT, kin-gratshi-u-lant, adj. 461.
Rejoicing in participation.
To CONGRATULATE, kin gratshiu-late, v. a.
461. To compliment upon any happy event.
To CONGRATULATE, kin-gratsnJ-u-late, v. n.
461. To rejoice in participation.
CONGRATULATION, kin-gratsh-u-la£shim, s.
462. The act of professing joy for the happiness or
success of another ; the form in which joy is professed.
CONGRATULATORY, kin-gratshiu-la-tfir-e, adj.
512. Expressing joy for the good of another.
To CONCRETE, kin-gr&t,' v. n. To salute reci-
procally.
To CONGREGATE, k&ngigr^-gate, v- a. 408 Tt>
collect, to assemble, to bring into one place.
To CONGREGATE, king£gr£-gate, v. n. To as*
semble, to meet.
CONGREGATE, king£gr£-gate, adj. 91. Collected,
compact.
CONGREGATION, king grd-gaishun, s. 408. A
collection, a mass of various matters brought together ;
an assembly met to worship God in publick.
CONGREGATIONAL, king-gri-gaishfin-nul, adj.
88. Publick, pertaining to a congregation.
CONGRESS, king-gr£s, s. 408. A meeting, a
shock, a conflict; an appointed meeting for settlement
of affairs between different nations.
CONGRESSIVE, kin-gr&s-slv, adj. Meeting, en-
countering.
CONGRUENCE, king£gru-<?nse, s. 408. Agree-
ment, suitableness of one thing to another.
CONGRUENT, king-gru-£nt, adj. Agreeing, cor-
respondent.
CONGRUITY, kin-gru^-t£, s. 408. Suitableness,
agreeableness ; fitness; consistency.
CONGRUMENT, king-gru-m3nt, s. Fitness, adap-
tation.
CONGRUOUS, kingigru-us, adj. Agreeable to,
consistent with ; suitable to.
CONGRUOUSLY, king^gru-fis-lii, adv. Suitably,
pertinently.
CONICAL, kirAi-kal, 7 /• c
, . ,7, f ad}. 509. Having the
CONICK, k&oQi, 5 •
form of a cone.
J£J- The o in the first syllable of this word is pronounced
short, though it is long In its primitive cone, if we may
be allowed to call cone its primitive, and i;ot the Latin Co-
nus and Greek HSna in both which the o is long; but
Conicvs, or Kon*w, whence the learned oblige us to de-
rive our Conic, or Conical, have the o as short as in the
English words, and serve to corroborate the opinion of
Bishop Hare with respect to the shortening power of tha
Latin antepenultimate accent, 537.
CONICALLY, k5n£<J-kal-£, adv.
cone.
In form of
CON
108
CON
559. File 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107— no 1 62, move 1 64,
That
CONICALNESS, k6ni<*-kal-n5s, *. The state or
quality of being conical.
COXICK SECTIONS, kSn-ik-s^k^shunz, I
COMCKS, k&n-lks, |
part of geometry which considers the cone, and the
curves arising from its sections.
To CoNJECT, k6n-j3kt,' v. n. To guess, to con-
jecture. Not used.
CONJECTOR, kon-j£k-t&r, *. 166. A guesser, a
conjecturer.
CONJECTURABLE, k6n-j£kitsh&-ri-bl, adj. 461.
Possible to be guessed.
CONJECTURAL, kon-j£kitshi-ril, adj. Depend-
ing on conjecture.
CONJECTUKALTTY, koll-j£k-tsh£l-riW-t£, S. That
which depends upon guess.
CONJECTURALLY, k6n-j£k-tshi-ril-4, adv. By
guess, by conjecture.
CONJECTURE, k5n-j5k-tshiire, t. 461. Guess,
imperfect knowledge.
To CONJECTURE, kon-j£k'tshure, v. a. To guess,
to judge by guess.
CONJECTURER, kon-j&k-tshJir-fir, s. A guesser.
CONIFEROUS, ko-nlW-r&s, ad,). Such trees are
coniferous as bear a fruit, of a woody substance, and a
figure approaching to that of a cone. Of this kind are,
fir, pine.
To CONJOIN, kon-jiln/ v. a. To unite, to con-
solidate into one ; to unite in marriage ; to associate,
to connect.
To CONJOIN, kin-join,' v. n. To league, to unite.
CONJOINT, kin-joint,' adj. United, connected.
CONJOINTLY, k&n-j&inty^, adv. In union, together.
CONJUGAL, k&nijh-gil, nrf/'. Matrimonial, belong-
ing to marriage.
CONJUGALLY, k5t)ij&-gil-4, adv. Matrimonially,
connubially.
To CONJUGATE, koniji-gate, v. a. 91. To join,
to join in marriage, to unite; to inflect verbs.
CONJUGATION, k6n-jh-ga-shu.ii, 5. The act of
uniting or compiling things together ; the form of in-
flecting verbs; union, assemblage.
CONJUNCT, kon-jfrnkt/ adj. Conjoined, concurrent,
united.
CONJUNCTION, kon-jOmk-shCin, s. Union, associa-
tion, league; the congress of two planets in the same
degree of the zodiack ; one of the parts of speech,
whose use is to join words or sentences together.
CONJUNCTIVE, kon-jink-tlv, adj. Closely united ;
in grammar, the mood of a verb.
CONJUNCTIVELY, k6n-j&nk-tlv-l£, adv. In union.
CONJUNCTIVENESS, kon-j&nkitlv-nSs, ». The
quality of joining or uniting.
CONJUNCTLY, k&n-j6nktil£, arlv. Jointly, to-
gether.
CONJUNCTURE, k&n-j&nkitshire, *. Combination
of many circumstances ; occasion, critical time.
CONJURATION, k&n jfl-raish&n, *. The form or
act of summoning another in some sacred name ; an
incantation, an enchantment ; a plot, a conspiracy.
To CONJURE, k&n-j&re/ ». n. To summon in a
sacred name ; to conspire.
To CONJURE, k&nij&r, v. n. 495. To practise
charms or enchantments.
CONJURER, k&nij&r-ur, *. 165. An impostor who
pretends to secret arts, a cunning man ; a man of
shrewd conjecture.
CONJUREMENT, k&n-j&rc£m£nt, «. Serious in-
junction.
CONNASCENCE, k&n-nas-s£nsc, *. Common birth,
community of birth.
CONNATE, kftn-nate,' adj. 91. Born with another.
CONNATURAL, kon-nitshi&-ril, adj. 461. Suit-
able to nature ; connected by nature ; participation of
the same nature.
CONNATURALITY, kon-nAtsh-6-raW-t<J, f. 462.
Participation of the same nature.
CONNATURALLY, kin-natshift-ral-i, adv. By
the act of nature, originally.
CONNATURALNESS, k&n-nitsh-fl-ril-n£s, 5. Par-
ticipation of the same nature, natural union.
To CONNECT, k5n-n£kt,' v. a. To join, to link ;
to unite, as a cement; to join in a just series of thought,
as, the author connects his reasons well.
To CONNECT, kin-n^kt/ v. n. To cohere, to have
just relation to things precedent and subsequent.
CONNECTIVELY, k6n-n£kitiv-l£, adv. In con-
junction, in union.
To CONVEX, kin-nSks,' v. a. To join or link to-
gether.
CONNEXION, k5n-n£kish&n, $. Union, junction ;
just relation to something precedent or subsequent.
CoNNEXIVE, kon-neks-lv, adj. Having the force
of connexion.
CONNIVANCE, kon-nl-vanse, s. Voluntary blind-
ness, pretended ignorance, forbearance.
To CONNIVE, k6n-nive/ v. n. To wink ; to pre-
tend blindness or ignorance.
CONNOISSEUR, ko.n£s-sare/ *. A judge, a critick.
55- This word is perfectly French, and, though in very
general use, is not naturalized. The pronunciation of it
given here is but a very awkward one, but, perhaps, as
good a one as we have letters in our language to express
it ; for the French eu is not to be found among any of our
English vowel or dipthongal sounds.
To CONNOTATE, k6nAno-tate, v. a. To designate
something besides itself.
CONNOTATION, k&n-no-ta-shftn, s. Implication
of something besides itself.
To CONNOTE, k&n-nite,' v. a. To imply, to be.
token, to include.
CONNUBIAL, k6n-nWl>£-il, adj. Matrimonial, nup
tial, conjugal.
CONOID, ko^-nold, s. A figure partaking of a cone.
Co.NOIDICAL, k6-nol-d£-kil, a$. Approaching tv
aconickform.
To CONQUASSATE, k&n-kwis-sate, v. a. To
shake, to agitate.
CONQUASSATION, kong-kwis-sa^shin, *. 408.
Agitation, concussion.
To CONQUER, k&ngki&r, or k&ngikw&r, v. a.
415. To gain by conquest, to win; to overcome, to
subdue; to surmount.
K>- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Nares, and YV.
Johnston, have adopted the first pronunciation of this
word ; but as it is a wanton departure from our own ana-
logy to that of the French, and is a much harsher sound
than the second, it were to be wished it could be reclaim-
ed ; but as it is in full possession of the stage, there is but
little hope of a change.
To CONQUER, kingkiir, v. n. To get the Tictory,
to overcome.
CONQUERABLE, k&ngk-fir-i-bl, adj. Possible to
be overcome.
CONQUEROR, k&ngWir-ir, s. 415. A man that
has obtained a victory, a victor ; one that subdues and
ruins countries.
CONQUEST, kongMcwSst, *. 408. 415. The act of
conquering, subjection ; acquisition by victory, thing
gained ; victory, success in arms.
CONSANGUINEOUS, k5n-sing-g\vln£n£-&s, adj.
Near of kin, related by birth, not affined by marriage.
CONSANGUINITY, k5n-sing-gwlni<5-t£, s. Rela-
tion by blood.
CONSARCINATION, kon-sir-s^-na-shuu, *. Th«
act of patching together.
CONSCIENCE, k&nish£nse, s. 357. The know-
ledge or faculty by which we judge of the goodness or
wickedness of ourselves ; justice, the estimate of con-
science ; real sentiment, private thought ; scruple,
difficulty.
CONSCIENTIOUS, k&n-sh£-£n-sh&s, adj. Scru
pulous, exactly just.
Ky" From an ignorance of the principles of pronuncia
lion, we not unfrequently hear the second syllable of tha
word sounded se, without the aspiration; but this is the
same incorrectness we sometimes (ear in the word JYo-
nunciation, which see.
€ON
10'9
CON
167, n&t 163— tibe 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299 — pound 313— thin 466— THls 4G9.
CONSCIENTIOUSLY, k&n-sh£-£n£sh&s-l<*, ado.
According to the direction of conscience.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, k6n-sh«i-£n-sh&s-n£s, s.
Exactness of justice.
CONSCIONABLE, k6n£sh&n-a-bl, adj. Reasonable,
just.
CONSCIONABLENESS, k&n-sh&n-a -bl-nes, s. E-
quity, reasonableness.
CONSCIONABLY, k&n-sh&n-a-blc*, adv. Reasonably,
justly.
CONSCIOUS, k&nish&s, adj. 357. Endowed with
the power of knowing one's own thought* and actions ;
knowing from memory ; admitted to the knowledge of
any thing.
CONSCIOUSLY, k&n£shus-l£, ado. With knowledge
of one's own actions.
CONSCIOUSNESS, k&nishfis-n£s, 5. The perception
of what passes in a man's own mind ; internal seuse of
guilt, or innocence.
CONSCRIPT, k&n-skrlpt, adj. Registered, enrolled ;
a term used in speaking of the Roman senators, who
were called Patres conscript!.
CONSCRIPTION, k&n-skripishun, *. An enroll-
ing.
To CONSECRATE, K&n-s^-krate, v. a. To make
sacred, to appropriate to sacred uses ; to dedicate invio-
lably to some particular purpose ; to canonize.
CONSECRATE, kSn-si-krate, adj. 91. Consecrat-
ed, sacred.
CoNSECRATER, kftn£s£-kra-t&r, s. One that per-
forms the rites by which any thing is devoted to sacred
purposes.
CONSECRATION, k&n-se-kriish&n, s. A rite of
dedicating to the service of God ; the act of declaring
one holy.
CONSECTARY, k&n-sek-ta-r£, adj. Consequent,
consequential.
CONSECTARY, k&n£s3k-ti-re, s 512. Deduction
from premises, corollary.
CONSECUTION, k5n-se-ki-shftn, j. Train of con-
sequences, chain of deductions ; succession ; in astrono-
my, the month of consecution, is the space between
one conjunction of the moon with the sun unto ano-
ther.
CONSECUTIVE, k&n-s3k£kd tlv, adj. Following in
train ; consequential, regularly succeeding.
To CONSEMINATE, k&n-s£m£^-nate, v. a. To sow
different seeds together.
CONSENSION, k&n-s^n^sh&n, s. Agreement, ac-
cord.
CONSENT, k&n-s^nt/ A The act of yielding or con-
senting; concord, agreement ; coherence with, corres-
pondence; tendency to one point; the perception one
part has of another, by means of some fibies and nerves
common to them both.
To CONSENT, k&n-s^nt/ v. n. To agree to ; to
co-operate with.
CONSENTANEOUS, k&n-s£n-ta'n^-&s, adj. Agree-
able to, consistent with.
CONSENTANEOUSLY, kSn-s<?n-ta-n£-&s-lti, adt.
Agreeably, consistently, suitably.
CONSENTANEOUSNESS, k6n-sen-ta'n<i-us-n£s, s.
Agreement, consistence.
CONSENTIENT, k&n-s£n£sh£-ent, adj. Agreeing,
united in opinion.
CONSEQUENCE, k5nis^-kw£nse, s. That which
follows from any cause or principle; deduction, eon-
elusion; concatenation of causes and effects ; import-
ance, moment.
CONSEQUENT, kinisd-k\v£nt, adj. Following by
rational deduction ; following as the effect of a cause.
CONSEQUENT, k&n-s^-kw£nt, s. Consequence,
that which follows from previous propositions ; effect,
that which follows an acting cause.
CONSEQUENTIAL, k6n-s£-kw£n-shal, adj\ Pro-
duced by the necessary concatenation of effects to
causes; conclusive.
CONSEQUENTIALLY, k&n-s£-kw£nishal-li*, adv.
With just deduction of consequence* ; by consequence,
eventually; in a regular series'.
CONSEQUENTIALNESS, k&n se-kwSn^shal-nes, t.
Regular consecution of discourse.
CONSEQUENTLY, k&n-s^-kw3nt-ltS, adv. By con-
sequence, necessarily; inconsequence, pursuant ly.
CONSEQUENTNESS, kin-se-kw£nt-n£s, s. Regu-
lar connexion.
CONSERVABLE, k&n-serivi-bl, adj. Capable of
being kept,
CONSERVANCY, k&n-s£rivan-s£, s. Courts held by
the Lord Mayor of London for the preservation of the
fishery.
CONSERVATION, k5n-s£r-va-sh&n, s. The act of
preserving, continuance; protection ; preservation from
corruption.
CONSERVATIVE, k&n-s£r£va-tlv, adj. Having the
power of opposing diminution or injury.
CONSERVATOR, kin-ser-va-tik, s. 4 1 8. Preserv-
er.
CONSERVATORY, k&n-s£riva-t&r-£, s. 512. A
place where any thing is kept
CONSERVATORY, k&n-s&riva-t&r-^, adj. 512.
Having a preservative quality.
To CONSERVE, k&n-serv/ v. a. To preserve with-
out loss or detriment ; to candy or jiickle fruit.
CONSERVE, k&n-s£rv, s. 492. A sweetmeat made
of the juices of fruit boiled with sugar.
CONSERVER, kt>n-s£riv&r, s. A layer up, a repo-
sitor ; a preparer of conserves.
CONSESSION, kSn-s£sh£shun, s. A sitting together.
CONSESSOR, k&n-s£s's5r, s. 418. One that sits
with others.
To CONSIDER, k&n-sld-ur, v. a. 418. To think
upon with care, to ponder ; to have regard to ; to ru-
quite, to reward one for his trouble.
To CONSIDER, k&n-sld-frr, v. n. To think ma-
turely ; to deliberate, to work in the mind.
CONSIDERABLE, k6n-sld£6r-a-bl, adj. Worthy of
consideration ; respectable ; important, valuable ; more
than a little, a middle sense between little and great.
CONSIDERABLENESS, k&n-sld'&r.a-bl-n^s, s.555.
Importance, value, a claim to notice.
CONSIDERABLY, kon-sldi&r-a-bh*, adv. In a de-
gree deserving notice ; importantly.
CONSIDERANCE, k&n-sld-ir-anse, t. Considera-
tion, reflection.
CONSIDERATE, k&n-sidiir-ate, adj. 91. Serious,
prudent ; naving respect to, regardful ; moderate.
CONSIDERATELY, k&n-sldiur-ate-l£, adv. Caim-
ly, coolly.
CONSIDERATENESS, k5n-sld£&r-ate-u£s, 5. 555.
Prudence.
CONSIDERATION, k6n-bld-&r-a£sh&n, s. The act
of considering, regard, notice ; mature thought ; medi-
tation ; importance, claim to notice; equivalent, com-
pensation; motive of action, influence; reason, ground
of concluding ; in law, Consideration is the material
cause of a contract, without which no contract buidetru
CONSIDERER, k&tl-sldifrr-ur, S. 98. A man uf
reflection,
To CONSIGN, k&n-slnr/ v. a. 385. To give to
another any thing ; to appropriate; to make over; to
transfer ; to commit, to intrust.
To CONSIGN, k6n-sim>/ v. n. To yield, to sign, to
consent to. Obsolete.
CONSIGNATION, k6n-slg-na-shun, s. The act of
consigning.
CONSIGNMENT, kon-slntiment, s. The act of
consigning ; the writing by which any thing is consign-
ed.
CONSIMII.AR, k&n-slmie-lur, adj. 88. Haying
one common resemblance.
To CONSIST, k&n-slst/ v. n. To continue fixed,
without dissipation ; to be comprised, to be containuU
in ; to be composed of; to agree.
CONSISTENCE, k6n-sisk£nse, 7
CONSISTENCY, k&n dstt&i-si, $ *' State Wlth re"
spect to material existence ; degree of deriscncss or ra-
rity ; substance, form ; agreement with itself, or with
any oilier thing.
CON
110
CON
K>- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93,
CONSISTENT, k5n-slsit£nt, adj. Not contradictory,
not opposed ; firm, not fluid.
CONSISTENTLY, kin-sis^tSnt-W, adv. Without
contradiction, agreeably.
CONSISTORIAL, k&n-sls-tiiri-al, adj. Relating to
the ecclesiastical court.
CONSISTORY, k&n-s1sWir-<*, s. 512. The place of
justice iu the ecclesiastical court ; the assembly of car-
dinals ; any solemn assembly.
CONSOCIATE, k&n-si^shi-ate, 5. An accomplice, a
confederate, a partner.
To CONSOCIATE. kin-s&sh£-ate, v. a. To unite,
to join.
To CONSOCIATE, kSn-s6ish£-ate, v. n. To coa-
lesce, to unite.
CONSOCIATION, k6n-s6-sh£-aish&n, s. Alliance;
union, intimacy, companionship. — See Pronunciation.
CONSOLABLE, k&n-s&la-bl, adj. That which
admits comfort.
To CONSOLATE, k&n-si-late, v. a. 91. To com-
fort, to console. Little used.
CONSOLATION, k&n-s6-laish{m, j. Comfort, al-
leviation of misery.
CONSOLATOR, k&nis6-la-t&r, 4. 521. A com-
forter.
CONSOLATORY, k&n-s&l-li t&r-i, *. 512. A
speech or writing containing topicks of comfort.
5^- I have given the n in the second syllable of this
word the short sound, as heard in solid; as it seems more
agreeable to the analogy of words in this termination than
the long n which M r. Sheridan has given ; for by inspect-
ing the Rhyming Dictionary we shall see that every
vowel, but u in the preantepenultimate syllable in these
» ords, is short. Dr. Kenrick and W. Johnston give the o
the same sound as I have done.
CONSOLATORY, k&n-s&l-la-t&r-e, adj. Tending
to give comfort.
To CONSOLE, k&n-sile,' v. a. To comfort, to
cheer.
CONSOLE, k&n-s61e,' s. 492. In architecture, a
part or member projecting in manner of a bracket.
CONSOLER, k&n-sW&r, 5. 98. One that gives
comfort.
CONSOLIDANT, k&n s&W-dAnt, adj. That which
has the quality of uniting wounds.
ToCoNSOLiDATE, k&n-s&W-date, v. a. To form
into a compact and solid body ; to harden ; to combine
two parliamentary bills, or two benefices, into one.
To CONSOLIDATE, k&n-sftW-date, v. n. To
grow firm, hard, or solid.
CONSOLIDATION, k&n-s&l-£ daishfin, *. The act
of uniting into a solid mass ; the annexing of one bill
in parliament to another ; the combining two benefices
into one.
CONSONANCE, k&n'si-nanse, )
CONSONANCY, k&nisd-nan s4, J S> Accordof
sound ; consistency, congruence ; agreement, concord.
CONSONANT, k&n-s6-nant, adj. 503. Agreeable,
according, consistent.
CONSONANT, k&n-so nant, s. A letter which can-
not be sounded by itself.
CONSONANTLY, kSiA6-nant-l<J, adv. Consistent-
ly, agreeably.
CONSONANTNESS, k&nisA-nant-nfc, j. Agreo-
ab'eness, consistency.
CONSONOt'S, k&nisi-n&s, adj. 503. Agreeing in
sound, symphonious.
CONSOCIATION, k&n-isA-p^-aishan, s. The act
of laying to sleep.
CONSORT, k&nisirt, j. 492. Companion, partner ;
a number of instruments playing together, more pro-
perly written Concert ; concurrence, union.
To CONSORT, k&n-sSrt,' v. n. To associate with.
To CONSORT, k&n-sSrt,' v. a. To join, to mix, to
marry. He with his consorted Eve. To accompany.
CoNSORTABLE, k&ii-sir^ta bl, adj. To be com-
pared with, suitable.
CONSORTIQN, kin-sorish&n, ,. Partncwhip, to-
ciely.
mil 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 1 69, mive 164,
CONSPECTABLE, k&n-sp£k£ta-bl, adj. Easy to be
seen.
CONSPECTUITY, k&n-sp£k-ti^-t£, * Sense el
seeing. Not used.
CONSPERSION, k6n-sp£risb.&n, t. A jprinkling a-
bout.
CONSPICUITY, k&n-sp£-ku^-t£, *. Brightness,
obviousness to the sight.
CONSPICUOUS, k&n-spIk-6-&s, adj. Obvious to the
sight, seen at a distance ; eminent, distinguished.
CONSPICUOUSLY, kon-splk-ft-fis-le, adv. Obvi-
ously to the view ; eminently, remarkably.
CONSPICUOUSNESS, k&n-splk-ti-fis-n&s, 5. Expo-
sure to the view ; eminence, celebrity.
CONSPIRACY, k&n-splria-s£, s. 109. A plot, a
concerted treason ; an agreement of men to do any
thing, in an evil sense ; tendency of many causes to
one event.
CONSPIRANT, k&n-spl-rant, adj. Engaged in a
conspiracy, plotting.
CONSPIRATION, k6n-sp&-rai«htin, j. A plot.
CONSPIRATOR, k&n-spiria-tOr, s. 110. A man
engaged in a plot, a plotter.
To CONSPIRE, k&n-spire,' v. n. To concert a
crime, to plot ; to agree together, as, all things con-
spire to make him happy.
CONSPIRER, k&n -spl-rAr, s. A conspirator, a plotter
CONSTABLE, kfinistA-bl, s. 1 65. A peace officer,
formerly one of the officers of the state.
CONSTABLESHIP, k&n-sta-bl-shlp, s. The office
of a constable.
CONSTANCY, k&ni«tan-s£, s. Unalterable continu-
ance; consistency, unvaried state; resolution, steadi-
ness ; lasting affection.
CONSTANT, k&n^st&nt, adj. Firm, not fluid ; un-
varied, unchanged; firm, resolute, free from change
of affection ; certain, not various.
CONSTANTLY, k&nistant-li, adv. Unvariably, per-
petually, certainly, steadily.
To CONSTELLATE, k&n-st£l-late, v- n. To shin*
with one general light.
To CONSTELLATE, k&n-st&ilate, v. a. To unite
several shining bodies in one splendour.
CONSTELLATION, k&n-st£l la-sh&n, *. A cluster
of fixed stars; an assemblage of splendours or exceW
lencies.
CONSTERNATION, k5n-st!r-na-sh&n, s. Astonish-
ment, amazement, terror, dread.
To CONSTIPATE, k&n^st^-pate, v. a. To crowd
together into a narrow room ; to thicken, to condense;
to stop by filling up the passages ; to make costive.
CONSTIPATION, k&n st^-pai.sh&n. 5. The act of
crowding any thing into less room ; stoppage, obstruc-
tion by plenitude.
CONSTITUENT, k&n-stltsh-i-£nt, adj. 461. Ele-
mental, essential, that of which any thing consists.
CONSTITUENT. k&n-stltsWfi-ent, s. The person
or thing which constitutes or settles any tiling; that
which is necessary to the subsistence of any thing ; Ite
that deputes another.
To CONSTITUTE, k&nist^-tite, v. a. To produce,
to appoint ; to erect, to establish ; to depute.
CONSTITUTER, k&uist«Uu-tiir, s. He that con-
stitutes or appoints.
CONSTITUTION, k5n-st£-tuish&n, s. The act of
constituting, enacting, establishing ; state of being, na-
tural qualities; corporeal frame; temper of body, with
respect to health ; temper of mind ; established form
of government, system of laws and customs ; particular
law, establishment, institution.
CONSTITUTIONAL, k&n-st^-t6-sh&n-al, adj. Bred
in the constitution, radical ; consistent -vith the con-
stitution, legal
CONSTITUTIVE, kin-st^-tu-tlv, adj. Elemental,
essential, productive; having the power to enact or
establish.
To CONSTRAIN, k&n-strane,' v. a. To compel, tc
force to some action ; to hinder by force ; to necessi-
tate ; to oonfine, to press.
CON
111
CON
suits or asks counsel.
nor 1C7, nit 163— tibe 171, tfib 172, b&H 173— oil 299— pofind 313— l/tln 466— THIS 463
CONSTRAIN ABLE, k6n-str&-ni-bl, adj. Liable to CoNSULTER, k&n s&Ht&r, s. 98. One that coii-
constraint.
CONSTRAINER, k&n-strain&r, *. He that con-
strains.
CONSTRAINT, kin-strant,' s. Compulsion, violence,
confinement.
To CONSTRICT, kon-strikt,' v. a. To bind, to
cramp ; to contract, to cause to shrink.
CONSTRICTION, kin-strik-shfrn, s. Contraction,
compression.
CONSTRICTOR, k&n-strikit&r, s. 166. That which
compresses or contracts.
To CONSTRINGE, kSn-strlnje,' v. a. To compress,
to contract, to bind.
CONSTRINGENT, kfin-strinijent, adj. Having the
quality of binding or compressing.
To CONSTRUCT, k5n-stru.kt,' v. a. To build, to
form.
CONSTRUCTION, kftn-str&k-sh&n, s. The act of
building; the form of building, structure ; the putting
of words together in such a manner as to convey a com-
plete sense ; the act of interpreting, explanation ; the
sense, the meaning ; the manner of describing a figure
in geometry.
CONSTRUCTIVE, k6n-str&k-tlv, adj. Tending to
or capable of construction.
CONSTRUCTURE, k&n-str&k'tshfrre, s. 461. Pile,
edifice, fabrick.
To CONSTRUE, kfinistrfi, or k&nist&r, v. a. To
interpret, to explain.
Jf^f It is a scandal to seminaries of learning that the
latter pronunciation of this word should prevail there.
Those who ought to be the guardians of propriety are often
the pervertors of it. Hence Accidence for Accidents, Pre-
pastor for Prepotitor, and Constur for Construe! for it
must be carefully noted, that this last word is under a dif-
ferent predicament from those which end with r and mute
t ; here the vowel u must have its long sound, as in the
word true; this letter cannot be sunk or transposed like
e in Centre, Sceptre, <fcc.
To CONSTUPRATE, k5ni.st&-prate, o. a. To vio-
late, to debauch, to defile.
CONSTUPRATION, kftn-sti-praish&n, s. Violation,
defilement.
CoNSUBSTANTIAL, k6n-S&b-stanishal, ad;. Hav-
ing the same essence or substance ; being of the same
kind or nature.
CONSUBSTANTIALITY, kon-s&b-stan-shd-aW-t4,
i. Existence of more than one in the same substance.
To CONSUBSTANTIATE, k&n-s&b-stanishd-ate,
v. a. To unite in one common substance or nature.
CONSUBSTANTIATION, k&n-s&b-staii-sh^-aishftn,
i. The union of the body of our Blessed Saviour with
the sacramental elements, according to the Lutherans.
CONSUETUDE, k6n-sw£-t&de, s. Custom, usage.
CONSUL, kftn^sfil, S. The chief magistrate in the
Roman republick ; an officer commissioned in fo-
reign parts to judge between the merchants of his na-
tion
CONSULAR, k&n-shu-lar, adj. 452. Relating to
the consul.
CONSULATE, konishfr-late, 91.
CONSULSHIP, kSn^sil-sliip,
consul.
s. The office of
To CONSULT, k&n-sult/ v. n. To take counsel to-
gether.
To CONSULT, k&n-s<,' v. a. To ask advice of,
as, he consulted his friends ; to regard, to act with view
or respect to ; to search into, to examine, as, to consult
an author.
CONSULT, k&nis<, or k&n-sfilt,' *. The act of
consulting; the effect of consulting, determination; a
council, a number of persons assembled in deliberation.
am much mistaken if this word does not incline
to the general analogy of accent in dissyllable nouns and
verbs, like insult. Poets have used it both ways ; but the
ace. nt on the first syllable seems the most usual, at well
as the most legitimate pronunciation. 492.
CONSULTATION, k6n-s&l-ta-shfrn, s. The act of
consulting, secret deliberation ; number of persons con-
tnjted together.
CONSUMABLE, k5n-s6ima-W, adj. Susceptible of
destruction.
To CONSUME, kftn-s&me/ v. a. 454. To waste,
to spend, to destroy.
5^- The reason why the s in this word ig pure, and in
Consular it takes the aspiration, is, that in one the accent
is on the syllable beginning with this letter; and in the
other, on the preceding syllable. 450.
To CONSUME, kSn-sume/ v. n. To waste away, to
be exhausted.
CONSUMER, kSn-su£m&r, 5. One that spends,
wastes, or destroys any thing.
To CONSUMMATE, k6n-sam-mate, v. a. 91. To
complete, to perfect.
CONSUMMATE, kin-s&mimate, adj. Complete}
perfect.
ft5" The propensity of our language to an antepenulti-
mate accentuation of simple words of three syllables makes
us sometimes hear the accent on the first syllable of thi*
word ; but by no correct speakers.
CONSUMMATION, k6n-s&m-ma£sh&n, s. Comple-
tion, perfection, end ; the end of the present system of
things ; death, end of life.
CONSUMPTION, kan-sfrmish&n, s. 412. The act
of consuming, waste; the state of wasting or perishing:
a waste of muscular flesh, attended with a hectick fever.
CONSUMPTIVE, k6n-sfi.m-tiv, adj. Destructive,
wasting, exhausting ; diseased with a consumption.
CoNSUMPTIVENESS, kftn-s&mitlv-n£s, 5. Tenden-
cy to a consumption.
CONSUTILE, kAn-sb-tll, adj. 140. Sewed or stitch-
ed together.
To CONTABULATE, kftn-taWfc-late, v. a. To
floor with boards.
CONTACT, kfinitakt, s. Touch, close union.
CONTACTION, k6ii-tak-shfrn, s. The act of touch-
ing.
CONTAGION, k&n-taij4-&n, s. 542. The emission
from body to body, by which diseases are commiinii-at-
ed ; infection, propagation of mischief; pestilence,
venomous emanations.
CONTAGIOUS, k6n-taij£-&s, adj. 542. Infectious,
caught by approach.
CONTAGIOUSNESS, kSn-ta-je-frs-nls, s. The qua-
lity of being contagious.
To CONTAIN, k&n-tane,' v. a. To hold, as a ves-
sel ; to comprise as a writing ; to restrain, to with-
hold.
To CONTAIN, k6n-tane,' v. n. To live in conti-
nence.
CONTAINABLE, k5n-taina-bl, adj. Possible to be
contained.
To CONTAMINATE, k6n-tam-£-nate, v. a. To
defile, to corrupt by base mixture.
CONTAMINATE, kSn-tam-£-nate, adj. 91. Pol-
luted, defiled.
CONTAMINATION, kin-tam-^-naish&n, s. Pol
lution, defilement.
To CONTEMN, k&n-t&n,' v. a. 411. To despise,
to scorn, to neglect.
CONTEMNER, k6n-t^min&r, s. 41 1. One that con
tcmns, a despiser.
To CONTEMPER, k5n-t§m£pftr, v. a. To moderate.
CONTEMPERAMENT, k6n-t£m-p&r-a-m5nt, *.
Degree of any quality, as tempered to others.
To CONTEMPERATE, k&n-t£m£par-ate, v. a. To
moderate, to temper.
CONTEMPERATION, kSn-t^m-p&r-a-shun, s. The
act of moderating or tempering ; proportionate mixture,
proportion.
To CONTEMPLATE, kSn-t3m£plate, v. a. To
study, to meditate.
ft^* There is a very prevailing propensity to pronounce
this word with the accent on the first syllable; a projtn-
sity which ought to be checked by every lover of the har-
mony of language. That very singular analogy in cur
tongue, of placing the accent on the last syllable of the
verb, and the firit of the noun, 132. wcins to have taken
CON
CON
5.?9. Fate 73, fAr 77, fill 83, fat 81— mi 93, m& 35— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, n,5ve 1 04,
place chiefly for the convenience of forming participles,
adverbs, and verbal nouns; which would be inharmonious
and difficult to pronounce, if the verb had the accent on
the first syllable. This analogy should teach us to avoid
placing trie accent on the first syllable of this and similar
verbs, however we may pronounce nouns and adjectives ;
for though to c6ntemp)ale with the accent on the first syl-
lable is not of very difficult pronunciation, yet c6ntem-
jiMing and cuntcmplatingly are almost unpronouncea-
ble.
To CONTEMPLATE, k5n-t£m-plate, v. n. To
muse, to think studiously with long attention.
CONTEMPLATION, k&n-t&n-pla-shfrn, s. Medita-
tion, studious thought on any subject; holy medita-
tion ; study, opposed to action.
CONTEMPLATIVE, k&n-t£m-pla-tlv, adj. Given
to thought, studious, employed in study ; having the
power of thought.
CONTEMPLATIVELY, k&n-t£mipla-tiv-le,
Thoughtfully, attentively.
adv.
, .
CoXTEMPLATOR, k&n-t£mipla-t&r, s. 521. One
employed in study.
CONTEMPORARY, k6n-t£m-p6-ra-r4, adj. Living
in the same age ; born at the same time ; existing at the
same point of time.
CONTEMPORARY, k5n-t£mip&-ra-r<*, s. 512. One
who lives at the same time with another.
To CONTEMPORISE, k&n-t£m-p6-rlze, v. a. 153.
To make contemporary.
CONTEMPT, k5n-t£mt,' s. 412. The act of despis-
ing others, scorn ; the state of being despised, vileness.
CONTEMPTIBLE, k&n-t£m-t£-bl, adj. Worthy of
contempt, deserving scorn ; despised, scorned, neglect-
ed.
CONTEMPTIBLENESS, k&n-t£m-t£-bl-n£«, s. The
state of being contemptible ; vileness, cheapness.
CONTEMPTIBLY, k&n-t£m-t£-blti, adv. Meanly,
in a manner deserving contempt.
CONTEMPTUOUS, k5n-t£m-tshii-us, adj. 461.
Scornful, apt to despise.
CONTEMPTUOUSLY, k6n-temitshi-fis-l£, adv.
With scorn, with despite.
CONTEMPTUOUSNESS, k&n-t£in£tshi-&s-n£s, s.
Disposition to contempt.
To CONTEND, kin-tend,' ». n. To strive, to strug-
gle in opposition ; to vie, to act in emulation.
To CONTEND, k&n-t&nd/ t>. a. To dispute any
*. Antagonist, op
thing, to contest
(,'ONTENDENT, k&n
ponent.
CONTENDER, k5n-t5n^dur, j. Combatant, cham-
pion.
CONTENT, kSn-t£nt,' adj. Satisfied so as not to
repine, easy.
To CONTENT, kin-tJnt,' v. a. To satisfy so as to
stop complaint; to please, to gratify.
CONTENT, kin-t^nt,' s. 493. Moderate happiness ;
acquiescence; that which is contained, or included in
any thing ; the power of containing, extent, capacity ;
that which is comprised in a writing; in this sense used
only in the plural, and then it is sometimes accented
on the first syllable.
CONTENTED, k&ii-t£n-ted, part. adj. Satisfied, at
quiet, not repining.
CONTENTION, k&n-t£u£sh&n, j.
Strife, debate,
contest ; emulation, endeavour to excel.
CONTENTIOUS, k6n-t£nishus, adj. Quarrelsome,
given to debate, perverse.
CONTENTIOUSLV, k6n-t£n-shus-le, adv. Per.
versely, quarrelsomely.
CONTENTIOUSNESS, k6n t£n-shus-nes, s. Prone-
ness to contest.
CONTENTLESS, k&n-t£ntU5s, adj. Discontented,
dissatisfied, uneasy.
CONTENTMENT, kin-tSntimSnt, s. Acquiescence
without plenary satisfaction, gratification.
CONTERMINOUS, k5n-t£rime-nus, adj. Bordering
upon.
To CONTEST, k5n t&t/ v. a. 492. To dispute, to
controvert, to litigate.
To CONTEST, kin-t&st,' v. n. To strive, to con-
tend ; to vie, to emulate.
CONTEST, k&u-t&t, s. 492. Dispute, difference,
debate.
CONTESTABLE, k&n-t&s-ta-bl, adj. Disputable
controvertible.
CONTESTABLENESS, k5n-tes£ta-bl-n£s, *. Possi.
bility of contest.
To CONTEXT, k6n-t£kst/ v. a. To weave toge-
ther.
CONTEXT, kin^tekst, s. 494. The general scriw
of a discourse.
CONTEXT, k&n-t^kst/ adj. Knit together, firm.
CONTEXTURE, kin-tlks-tshfire, ». 461. The dis-
position of parts one among another, the system, the
constitution.
CONTIGNATION, k&n tlg-Tia^shin, S. A frame of
beams or boards Joined together ; the act of framing
or joining a fabrick.
CONTIGUITY, k6n
nearness of situation.
s. Actual contact,
CONTIGUOUS, k6n-tlgifr-&s, adj. Meeting so as t«
touch; bordering upon.
CONTIGUOUSLY, k5n-dg-6-as-l^, adv. Without
any intervening space.
CONTIGUOUSNESS, k&n-tlg-u-&s-n3s, ». Close
connexion.
CONTINENCE, k6n-t<*-n£nse,
CONTINENCY, k&n-t**-n£n- s^ , _
command of one's self; chastity in general ; forbear-
ance of lawful pleasure; moderation in lawful plea-
sures.
CONTINENT, k&n-t^-nlnt, adj. Chaste, abstemi.
ous in lawful pleasures ; restrained, moderate, temper-
ate.
CONTINENT, k&n-te-n5nt, *. Land not disjoined
by the sea from other lands; that which contains any
thing.
CONTINENTAL, k&n t£ n£nt-a1, adj. Relating to
the continent.
To CONTINGE, k&n-tinge,' v. a. -To touch, to
reach.
CONTINGENCE, k&n-tlnij£nse, >
/• S Tlifi ouMitt
CONTINGENCY, k&n-t!nij<5n-s£, \ '
of being fortuitous ; accidental possibility.
CONTINGENT, k&n-tln-j£nt, adj. Falling out by
chance, accidental.
CONTINGENT, k&n-tlnij£nt, *. A thing in the
hands of chance ; a proportion that falls to any person
upon a division.
CONTINGENTLY, k6n-tlni.j£nt-l£, adv. Acciden-
tally ; without any settled rule.
CONTINGENTNESS, k6n-tln-j$nt-n£s, s. Acciden-
talness.
CONTINUAL, k&n-tln-i-il, adj. Incessant, pro-
ceeding without interruption ; in law, a continual claim
is made from time to time, within every year and
day.
CONTINUALLY,
adv. Without
pau^e, without interruption ; without ceasing.
CONTINUANCE, k&n-tln-6-anse, s. Succession
u' interrupted ; permanence in one state; abode in a
place; duration, lastingness; perseverance.
CONTINUATE, kin-tin-fr ate, adj. 91. Immedi-
ately united ; uninterrupted, unbroken.
CONTINUATION, kin-tln-u-a-shun, t. Protrac-
tion, or succession, uninterrupted.
CONTINUATIVE, k&n-tlniu-a-tlv, 5. An expres-
sion noting permanence or duration.
CONTINUATOR, k&n-tln-h-ait&r, s- 521. He that
continues or keeps up the scries of succession.
To CONTINUE, k6n-tln-6, v. n. To remain in the
same state ; to last, to be durable ; to persevere.
upm. To CONTINUE, k5n-tln'il, v. a. To protract, ot
CONTERRANF.OUS, k&n-t5r-ra-n£-&s, adj. Of llie repeat without interruption ; to unite without achaMn.
lame count™ ' or intervening substance.
CON
113
CON
167, not 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pSfind 313— thin 466 — THIS 469,
CONTINUEDLY, kon-tinia-ed-le, adv. Without
interruption, without ceasing.
CONTINUER, kon-tin-h-&r, s. One that has the
power of perseverance.
CONTINUITY, k6n-t^-nfe-&-te, s. Connexion, un-
interrupted cohesion ; the texture or cohesion of the
parts of an animal body.
CONTINUOUS, kon-tlni&-&s, adj. Joined together,
without the intervention of anj space.
To CONTORT, kon-tSrt,' v. a. To twist, to writhe.
CONTORTION, kfin-tor-sh&n, S. Twist, wry mo-
tion, flexure.
CONTOUR, kon-toor,' s. The outline, the line by
which any figure is defined or terminated.
CONTRABAND, kftn-tra-band, adj. 524. Prohi-
bited, illegal, unlawful.
To CONTRACT, k&n-trakt,' v. a. To draw together,
to shorten; to bring two parties together, to make a
bargain; to betroth, to affiance; to get a habit of ; to
abridge, to epitomise.
To CONTRACT, k&n-trakt/ v. n. To shrink up ;
to grow short ; to bargain, as, to contract for a quantity
of provisions.
CONTRACT, kon-trakt, s. 492. A bargain, a com-
pact ; an act whereby a man and woman are betrothed
to one another ; a writing in which the terms of a bar-
gain are included.
55" Mr. Nares, in his English Orthoepy, page 338,
has very properly criticised Dr. Johnson's observation on
this word, where he says, " Dr. Johnson has accented
this word on the last syllable, and has subjoined this re-
mark, • anciently accented on the first," It is evident,"
»ays Mr. Nares, " that the whole article should be revers-
ed : the word should stand with the accent on the first,
and the remark should be, ' anciently accented on the
last.'" The justness of these observations will appear
from the quotations :
" This is the hand which, with a vow'd conirdct,
" Was fast belock'd in thine."— Shakeipcarc.
" I did ; and his cmtrdcl with lady LUCT,
" And his conlrdct bj deputy in France."— Ibid.
But that the accent should now be placed on the first
syllable, needs no proof but the general ear, and the ge-
neral analogy of dissyllable nouns and verbs of the same
form. 492.
CONTRACTEDNESS, kon-trak£t£d-n£s, *. The
state of being contracted.
CONTRACTIBILITY, k&n-trak-t£-b!W-t£, «. Pos-
sibility of being contracted.
CONTRACTIBLE, kon-trakit£-bt, adj. Capable of
contraction.
CONTRACTIBLENESS, kon-trak-ti-bl-nSs, s. The
quality of suffering contraction.
CONTRACTILE, kSn-trakitil, adj. 145. 140. Hav-
ing the power of shortening itself.
CONTRACTION, k6n-trakish&n, s. The act of con-
tracting or shortening ; the act of shrinking or shrivel-
ling ; the state of being contracted, drawn into a nar-
row compass ; in grammar, the reduction of two vowels
or syllables to one ; abbreviation, as, the writing is full
of contractions.
CONTRACTOR, kon-trakU&r, s. One of the parties
to a contract or bargain.
To CONTRADICT, kSn-tra-dlkt,' v. a. To oppose
verbally, to deny ; to be contrary to.
CONTRADICTER, kftn-tra-dlkit&r, s. One that
contradicts, an opposer.
CONTRADICTION, kon-tra-dlkisb&n, *. Verbal
opposition, controversial assertion ; opposition ; incon-
sistency, incongruity; contrariety, in thought or effect.
CONTRADICTIOUS, kon-tra-dlk-sh&s, adj. Filled
with contradictions, inconsistent; inclined to contra-
dict.
CONTRADICTIOUSNESS, k6n -tra-dlk£sh&s-n£s, s.
Inconsistency.
CONTRADICTORILY, kin-tri-dlkit&r-^-le, adv.
InconsistentlyjR'ith himself; oppositely toothers.
CONTRADICTORY, k6n-tri dlk-t&r e, adj Op-
posite to, inconsistent with ; in logick, that which is in
the fullest opposition.
CONTRADICTORY, kSn-tra-dlkkur-^, s. A pro-
position which opposes another in all its terms, incon-
sistency.
CONTRADISTINCTION, k6n-tra-dls-tlng£sh&n, s.
408. Distinction by opposite qualities.
To CONTRADISTINGUISH, k6n - tra - dis - tlngi
gwlsh, v. a. To distinguish by opposite qualities.
CONTRAFISSURE, k&n-tra-fishishiire, s. 450.
432. A crack of the scull, where the blow was inflict-
ed, is called fissure; but on the contrary part, contra
fissure.
To CONTRAINDICATE, k6n-tra-ln£d£-kate, v. a.
To point out some peculiar symptom contrary to the
general tenour of the malady.
CONTRAINDICATION, kin-tra-ln-d<Lkaish&n, 5.
An indication or symptom, which forbids that to be
done which the main scope of a disease points out at
first.
CoNTRAMURE, k&n-tra mire/ s. An outwall
built about the main wall of a city.
CoNTRANlTENCY, k6n-tra-nl-t£n-s£, 5. Re-action,
a resistance against pressure.
CONTRAPOSITION, k&n-tra-pi-zlshiun, s. A
placing over against.
CONTRAREGULARITY, k5n-tra-r£g- i-liri4-te, i.
Contrariety to rale.
CONTRARIANT, k&n-tra-r£-ant, adj. Inconsist-
ent, contradictory.
CONTRARIES, k&nitrJ rlz, s. 99. Things of op-
posite natures or qualities; in logick, propositions
which destroy each other.
CONTRARIETY, kin-tra-rW-t£, s. Repugnance,
opposition ; inconsistency, quality or position destruc-
tive of it opposite.
CONTRARILY, k&n-tra-r£-l£, adv. In a manner
contrary ; different ways, in opposite directions. Lit-
tle used.
55" 1 n's ar|d the following word are by Dr. Johnson
accented on the second syllable ; no doubt from the harsh-
ness that must necessarily arise from placing the accent
on the first, when so many unaccented syllables are to
succeed. But if harmony were to take place, we should
never suffer the stress on the first syllable of contrary,
from which these words are formed; but that once ad-
mitted, as it invariably is by the best speakers, we should
cross the most uniform analogy of our language, if we ac-
cented the adverb differently from the substantive and
the adjective ; and therefore, however harsh they may
sound, these words must necessarily have the accent on
the first syllable.— See Contrary.
CONTRARINESS, k&n£tra-r4-n&, s. Contrariety,
opposition.
CONTRARIOUS, kon-tra-rd-&s, adj. Opposite, re-
pugnant.
CONTHARIOUSLY, k6n-tra-r£-fts-le, adv. Oppo-
sitely.
CONTRARIWISE, k&n-trair£-wlze, adv. Converse-
ly ; on the contrary.
CONTRARY, k6n-tra-r£, adj. Opposite, contradis-
tory ; inconsistent, disagreeing ; adverse, in an oppo-
site direction.
55" The accent is invariably placed on the first syllab'e
of this word by all correct speakers, and as constantly re-
moved to the second by the illiterate and vulgar. When
common ears refuse a sound, it is a strong presumption
that sound is not agreeable to the general harmony of thw
language. The learned often vitiate the natural taste for
their own language by an affected veneration for others;
while the illiterate, by a kind of vernacular instinct, fall
into the most analogical pronunciation, and such as is
most suitable to the general turn of the language. An
ciently, this word, as appears by the poets, was most com-
monly pronounced by the learned, as it is now by the vul-
gar, with the accent on the second syllable ; but nothing
can be now more firmly established than the accent on
the first syllable, and the other pronunciation must be
scrupulously avoided. — See Contrarily,
CONTRARY, k6nitra-r£, s. A thing of opposite
qualities ; a proposition contrary to some other ; in op-
position, on the other side ; to a contrary purpose.
CONTRAST, k6n-trast, s. Opposition and dissimili-
tude of figures, by which one contributes to the visibl
lity or effect of another.
To CONTRAST, k5n-trast,' v. a. To place in o\f
ofcition ; to shew another figure to advantage..
CON
114
CON
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — me: 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 1O7 — n6 162, mSre 164,
CONTRAVALI.ATION, kin-tra-vil-laish&n, j.
The fortification thrown up, to hinder the sallies of
the garrison.
CoNTRAVENE, kin-tra-vdne,' ». a. To oppose, to
obstruct, to baffle.
C'ONTRAVENER, kin-tra-v^n&r, 5. He who op-
poses another.
CONTRAVENTION, kin-tri-v£nish&n, s. Opposi-
tion.
CONTRECTATION, kin-tr£k-ta-sh5n, s. A. touch-
ing.
CONTRIBUTARY, kin-trlbii-ta-r£, adj. Paying
tribute to the same sovereign.
To CONTRIBUTE, kin-tribyite, v. a. To give to
some common stock.
To CONTRIBUTE, kin-trlbiute, ». n. To bear a
part, to have a share in any act or effect.
CONTRIBUTION, kin-tri-bWsh&n, *. The act of
promoting some design in conjunction with other per-
sons ; that which is given by several hands for some
common purpose ; that which is paid for the support
of an army lying in a country.
CONTRIBUTIVE, kSn-trlb^u-tlv, adj. That has the
power or quality of promoting any purpose in concur-
rence with other motives.
CONTRIBUTOR, k&n-trlb^i-t&r, s. 166. One that
bears a part in some common design.
CONTRIBUTORY, kin-tribi&-tar-£, adj. 512.
Promoting the same end, bringing assistance to some
joint design.
To CONTRISTATE, kin-trlsitate, v. a. To sadden,
to make sorrowful. Not used.
CoNTRISTATlON, kin-trls-ta-sh&n, s. The act of
making sad, the state of being made sad. Not used.
CONTRITE, kin-trite, adj. 14O. Bruised, much
worn ; worn with sorrow, harassed with the sense of
guiltjpenitent.
JtJ" This word ought to have the accent on the last syl-
lable, both as it is an adjective, from which is formed the
abstract substantive contritcnest, and as the accent on the
first syllable has a tendency to shorten the i in the last MO.
Accordingly Dr. Johnson, Mr. Scott, and Bailey, place
the accent on the last syllable; but Mr. Sheridan, Mr.
Nares, Mr. Elphinstone, Dr. Ash, W. Johnston, Perry,
Buchanan, and Entick, place it on the first, with unques-
tionably the best usage on their side.
CONTRITELY, kin-trite-l£, adj. Penitently.
Jf5" As the adjective contrite, though contrary to ana-
logy, seems to prefer the accent on the first syllable ; con-
tiitely and contritenets must necessarily have the accent
on the same sy liable.— See Contrarily.
CONTRITENESS, kinitrite-n£s, $. Contrition, re-
pen tance-
CONTRITION, kin-trlshi&n, s. The act of grinding
or rubbing to powder; penitence, sorrow for sin.
CONTRIVABLE, k&n-tri'va-bl, adj. Possible to be
planned by the mind.
CONTRIVANCE, kin-tri-vAnse, s. The act of con-
triving; schume, plan ; a plot, an artifice.
To CONTRIVE, kin-trlve,' v. a. To plan out j to
find out means.
To CONTRIVE, kin-trlve/ ». n. To form or de-
sign, to plan.
CONTRIVEMENT, kin-trive-mSut, *. Invention.
CONTRIVER, kin trliyQr, s. 98. An inventor.
CONTROL, kin-trill,' s. 406. A register, or ac-
count kept by ano'her officer, that each may be ex-
amined by the other ; check, restraint ; power, autho-
rity, superintendence.
To CONTROL, kin-tr6ll,' v. a. 406. To keep
under check by a counter reckoning ; to govern, to re-
strain ; to confute.
CONTROLLABLE, kin-trilUa-bl, adj. Subject to
control, subject to be over-ruled.
CONTROLLER, kin-trilHfir, s. One that has the
power of governing or restraining.
CONTROLLERSHIP, kin-troll-fir-shlp, s. The
office of a controller.
CONTROLMENT, kin-trolUm^nt, s. The power or
act of superintending or restraining, restraint: oppo-
sition, confuUtiou,
CONTROVERSIAL, kin-tri-v3ri-shal, adj. Relating
to disputes, disputations.
CONTROVERSY, kinitri-v&r-se, s. Dispute, de-
bate ; a suit in law ; a quarrel.
To CONTROVERT, kin-tri-v£rt, v. a. To debate,
to dispute any thing in writing.
CONTROVERTIBLE, kin-tri-v£rt^-bl, adj. Dis-
putable.
CONTROVERTIST, k?>n-trA-v£r-tlst, 5. Disputant,
chiefly on religious subjects.
ItC^- It is with some surprise I have frequently observ-
ed those profound philologist?, the Monthly Reviewers,
write this word Controveriialat. " He appears to be a
sensible, ingenious, and candid Controversialist ; one who
writes from a regard to truth, and with the full conviction
of his own mind." M. R. November, 1794, p. 346. But
nothing is more evident than that every verbal noun ought
to be formed from the verb, and consequently that to con-
trovert ought to form controvertut. Dr Johnson has only
produced the authority of Tillotson ; to which I will beg
leave to add a much better from the Idler, No. 12. " It
is common for controvert Ms, in the heat of disputation,
to add one position to another till they reach the extrerni-
ties of knowledge, where truth and falsehood lose their
distinction."
CONTUMACIOUS, kin-ti-ma4shas, adj. Obstinate,
perverse, stubborn.
CONTUMACIOUSLY, kin-t6-ma£shfrs-li, adv. Ob-
stinately, inflexibly, perversely.
CONTUMACIOUSNESS, kiu-ti-ma-sh&s-n£s, j. Ob-
stinacy, perversene-s.
CONTUMACY, kinit&-ma-s£, j. Obstinacy, per-
verseness ; in law, a wilful contempt and disobedience
to any lawful summons or judicial order.
CONTUMELIOUS, kin-t6-m&-l£-&s, adj. Reproach-
ful, sarcastick ; inclined to utter reproach ; productive
of reproach, shameful.
CONTUMELIOUSLY, kin-t6-m£il£-&s-l£, adv.
Reproachfully, contemptuously.
CONTUMELIOUSNESS, kin-til m£il£-&s-n3s, *.
Rudeness, reproach.
CONTUMELY, kc>i)-tu-me-l<K s. Contemptuousncs*.
bitterness of language, reproach.
To CONTUSE, kin-thze/ v. a. 437. To beat to-
gether, to bruise ; to bruise the flesh without a breach
of the continuity.
CONTUSION, kin-t&'zhin, t. The act of beating
or bruising ; the state of being beaten or bruised ; a
bruise.
CONVALESCENCE, kin-va-lfe-s£nse, 7 r]f>
CONVALESCENCY kin-VA-l^S-S^n-S^ C "
Renewal of health, recovery from a disease.
CONVALESCENT, kin-va-l£sis£nt, adj. Recover
ing.
To CONVENE, kin-vine/ v. n. To come together,
to assemble-
To CONVENE, kin-v£ne,' v. a. To call together,
to assemble, to convoke ; to summon judicially.
CONVENIENCE, kin-v&ne-£nse, 7
CONVENIENCE kin-v&n£-5n-s£, $
ccmmodiousness, cause of ease, accommodation ; fit-
ness of time or place.
CONVENIENT, kin-v£in£-£nt, adj. Fit, suitable,
proper.
CONVENIENTLY, kin-v£ind-£nt-le, adv. Com-
modiously, fitly.
CONVENT, kin^v^nt, $. An assembly of religious
persons; a religious house, a monastery, a nunnery.
To CONVENT, kin-v&nt,' v. a. 492. To call be-
fore a judge or judicature. Not in use.
CONVENTICLE, kin-v£n't£-kl, *. An assembly, a
meeting ; an assembly for worship ; a secret assembly.
%*?* In the first edition of this Dictionary I followed
Mr. Sheridan's accentuation of this word upon the first
syllable, as I apprehended it was more agreeable to polite
usage, though less agreeable to the ear than the accent on
the second ; but from a farther inquiry.'and a review of
the authorities for both, I am strongly persuaded in favour
of the latter accentuation. For the former we have Sheri
dan, Ash, W. Johnston, and Entick ; and for the latter,
Dr. Johnson, Kenrick, Nares, Scott, Perrv, Buchanan,
and Bailey. The other accentuation seems chiefly auuuteJ
CON
115
CON
nr3r 167, nit 163— t6be 171, lib 172, bull 173—511 299 — p5ind 313 — //tin 468 — THi's 469-
by the poets, who should not be deprived of their privilege
of altering the accents of some words to accommodate
them to the verse :
" For 'twere a sin to rob them of their mite."— Pope.
CoNVENTlCLER, k6n-v£n-tlk-l&r, s. One that
supports or frequents private and unlawful assemblies.
CONVENTION, k&n-v&nish&n, s. The act of com-
ing together, union, coalition; an assembly ; a contract
agreement for a time.
CONVENTIONAL, k&n-v£nishfrn-al, adj. Stipulat
ed, agreed on by compact.
CoNVENTlONARY, k5n-v3n£shin-a-re, adj. Act-
ing upon contract.
CONVENTUAL, k&n-v£n£tshi-il, adj. Belonging
to a convent, monastick.
CONVENTUAL, k&n-v£n£tsh&-al, s. A monk,
nun, one that lives in a convent.
To CONVERGE, k&n-v£rje,' v. n. To tend to on
point from different places.
CONVERGENT, k&n-v^nt, I
CONVERGING, k&n-verijmg, )
one point from different places.
CONVERSABLE, k5n-v5risa-bl, adj. Qualified for
conversation, fit for company.
CONVERSABLENESS, kon-v3risa-bl-n£s, *. The
quality of being a pleasing companion.
CONVERSABLY, k&n-vdr-sa-bli, adv. In a con-
versable manner.
_,
CONVERSANT,
Ac<>uamted
with, familiar ; having intercourse with any, acquaint-
ed ; relating to, concerning.
J55* There are such considerable authorities for each
of these pronunciations as render a decision on that ground
somewhat difficult. Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick,
Mr. Perry, Buchanan, and Bailey, place the accent on the
second syllable ; and Mr. Nares, W. Johnston, and En-
tick, accent the first. Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Scott place it
on both, and consequently leave it undecided. Analogy
seems to demand the stress on the second syllable ; per-
baps not so much from the relation the word bears to the
verb to convinc, since it may possibly be derived from
the noun cdnveric, 492. as from the very general rule of
accenting words of three syllables, that are not simples in
our language, on the second syllable when two conso-
nants occur in the middle. This rule, however, is fre-
quently violated in favour of the antepenultimate accent
(the favourite accent of our language) as in Aggrandize,
amnesty, chdracter, cdnvertite, ancestor, magistrate, pr&-
if slant, &c. and where there is but one consonant in the
middle, nothing is more common than to find the accent
of the dissyllable verb neglected, and the trisyllable noun
adopting the antepenultimate accent. Thus the words
confident, presideiu, provident, &c. are not accented like
the verbs, confide, preside, &c. &c. but are considered as
simples, and follow the general rule ; which is, that all
simples of three syllables, with but one consonant in the
middle, have the accent on the first, and that the vowel
in this syllable is short, 503. Upon the whole, therefore,
since authorities are so equal, and analogy so precarious,
usage must be the umpire ; and my observation fails me,
if that which may be called the best usage does not de-
cide in favour of the accent on the first syllable.
CONVERSATION, k6n-v£r-sa-sh6n, s. Familiar
discourse, chat, easy talk, a particular act of discours-
ing upon any subject; commerce, intercourse ; famili-
arity ; behaviour, manner of acting in common life.
To CONVERSE, k&n-v^rse/ v. n. To cohabit with,
to hold intercourse with ; to be acquainted with ; to
discourse familiarly upon any subject; to have com-
merce with a different sex.
CONVERSE, k&n£v3rse, s. 592. Manner of dis-
coursing in familiar life; acquaintance, cohabitation,
familiarity; with geometricians it means the contrary.
fcf- It is highly probable that this substantive waian-
eiently pronounced like the verb, with the accent on the
second syllable; but nothing is now better established
than the accent on the first. Even the line of Pope,
" Generous cfaeertc : a soul exempt from pride,"
however rugged with the accent on the first syllable of
tliis word, cannot with propriety be read otherwise.
CONVERSELY, k6n-v6rse-l£, adv. With change
of order, reciprocally.
CONVERSION, k6n-v3r-sh&n, s. Change from one
state into another, transmutation ; change from repro.
nation to grace ; change from one religion to another.
CONVERSIVE, k&n-v£r-slv, adj. Conversable, so-
ciable.
To CONVERT, k5n-v£rt,' v. a. To change into a-
nother substance, to transmute ; to change from one
religion to another ; to turn from a bad to a good life ;
to apply to any use, to appropriate.
To CONVERT, kSn-v^rt,' v. n. To undergo a change,
to be transmuted.
CONVERT, k6n£v3rt, s. 492. A person converted
from one opinion to another.
CONVERTER, k6n-v3r£t&r, j. One that makes con-
verts.
CONVERTIBILITY, k6n-v3r-t<*-blW-t4, s. TIMS
quality of being possible to be converted.
CONVERTIBLE, k&n-v£r-t£-bl, adj. Susceptible of
change, transmutable ; so much alike as that one may
be used for the other.
CONVERTIBLY, k5n-vgrit<U>l£, adv. Reciprocally.
CONVERTITE, k6n.-v£r-tite, s. 156. 503. A con-
vert.
CONVEX, konivdks, adj. Rising in a circular
form, opposite to concave.
CONVEX, k&n£v£ks, s. A convex body.
CONVEXED, k6n-v£kst/ part. 359. Protuberant
in a circular form.
CONVEXEDLY, kin-vSk^s^d-ld, 364. In a con-
vex form.
CONVEXITY, k&n-v£ks^-t£, * Protuberance in a
circular form.
CONVEXLY, k&n-v^ksild, adv. In a convex form.
CONVEXNESS, k&n-v£ks-n£s, s. Spheroidical pro-
tuberance, convexity.
CONVEXO-CONCAVE, k5n-v£ks£6-k6ngMcave, adj.
Having the hollow on the inside, corresponding to the
external protuberance.
To CONVEY, k6n-va/ v. a. 269. To carry, to
transport from one place to another ; to hand from one
to another ; to mo ve secretly ; to transmit, to transfer,
to deliver to another ; to impart.
CONVEYANCE, k6n-va-anse, s. The act of remov.
ing any thing ; way for carriage or transportation ; the
method of removing secretly ; the means by which any
thing is conveyed ; delivery, from one to another ; act
of transferring property ; writing by which property is
transferred.
CONVEYANCER, k6n-va-an-s&r, s. A lawyer,
who draws writings by which property is transferred,
CONVEYER, k6n-vaiur, s. One who carries or
transmits any thing.
To CONVICT, k6n-vikt/ v. a. To prove guilty, to
detect in guilt ; to confute, to discover to be false.
CONVICT, kfin-vikt,' adj. Convicted, detected in
guilt.
CONVICT, k&nMkt, *. 492. A person cast at tn*
bar.
CONVICTION, k&n-vikish&n, s. Detection of guilt
the act of convincing, confutation.
CONVICTIVE, kin-vlkitlv, adj. 157. Having the
power of convincing.
To CONVINCE, k6n-vlnse,' v. a. To force another
to acknowledge a contested position ; to convict. — See
To Collect.
CONVINCEMENT, kin-vlnseim£nt, s. Conviction.
CONVINCIBLE, k&n-vlnise-bl, adj. Capable of
conviction ; capable of being evidently disproved.
CONVINCINGLY, k&n-vln-slng-l£, adv. In such a
manner as to leave no room for doubt.
CONVINCINGNESS, k6n-vln£sing-n£s, s. The
power of convincing.
To CONVIVE, kSn-vlve,' v. a. To entertain, to feast.
Obsolete.
CONVIVAL, kfin-vlival,
CONVIVIAL, kfin-viviyal,
to an entertainment, festal, social.
CONUNDRUM, ko-n&iiidr&m, s. A low jest, a
quibble.
coo
116
559. File 73, fa* 77, £11 83, fat 81 — m£ 93, mSt 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — ni 1 62, mSve TG4,
To CONVOCATE, k5n-vA kite, v. a. To call toge- j
thcr.
CONVOCATION, k&n-vA-ka-sh?in, s. The act of]
calling to an assembly ; an assembly ; an assembly of '
the clergy for consultation upon matters ecclesiastical.
To CONVOKE, k&n-vAke,' u. a. To call together,
to summon to an assembly.
To CONVOLVE, k5n-v51v,' v. a. To roll together,
to roll one part upon another.
CONVOLUTED, k&n-vA-lii-t&d, part adj. Twisted,
rolled upon itself.
CONVOLUTION, kSn-vA-l&'sh&n, *. The act of
rolling any thing upon itself; the state Of rolling toge-
ther in company.
To CONVOY, kAn-v3(*,' v. a. To accompany by
land or sea, for the sake of defence.
CONVOY, kinivA^, s. 492. Attendance at sea or
on the road by way of defence ; the act of attending as
a defence.
CONUSANCE, k&nifi-sanse, s. Cognizance, notice.
A law term.— See Cognizance.
Jf^» Perhaps it may be pleaded by the gentlemen of the
law, that this is the word they use instead of Cognisance,
and consequently, that the charge against them of muti-
lating that word falls to the ground. But it may be an-
swered, that the second syllables of these words arc so dif-
ferent as to leave us in no doubt which they make use of ;
and that the words cognizable, cognizor, and cognizte, be-
ing pronounced by them without the g, are sufficient
proofs of the justness of the accusation.
To CONVULSE, k5n-v&lse/ v . a. To give an ir-
regular and involuntary motion to the parts of any-
body.
CONVULSION, kAn-v&l-sh&n, 5. A convulsion is
an invol atary contraction of the fibres an .1 m uscles ; an
irreguU »nd violent motion, commotion.
CONVUU.VE, k&n-v&lislv, adj. 158. 428. Giv-
ing twitches or spasms.
CONY, L&nind, s. A rabbit, an animal that bur*
rows in the ground.
CONY-BURROW, k&nin£-b&r-A, s. A place where
rabbits make their holes in the ground.
To COO, kAA, v. n. 10. To cry as a dove or pi-
gem.*
COOK, koAk, 5. 306. One whose profession is to
dress and prepare victuals for the table.
COOK-MAID, kAAk-rtoade, s. A maid that dressBs
provisions.
COOK-ROOM, kAAkirAAm, s. A room in which
provisions are prepared for the ship's crew.
To COOK, kAAk, v. a. To prepare victuals for the
table.
COOKERY, kA6k-&r-£, s. 555. The art of dress-
ing victuals.
COOL, kAAl, adj. 306. Somewhat cold, approaching
to cold ; not zealous, not fond.
COOL, kOol, 5. Freedom from heat
To COOL, kAol, v. a. To make cool, to allay heat ;
to quiet passion, to calm anger.
To COOL, kAAl, v. n. To grow less hot ; to grow
less warm with regard to passion.
COOLER, kAAJi&r, s. That which has the power of
cooling the body ; a vessel in which any thing is made
cool.
COOLLY, k5AlM£, adv. Without heat, or sharp
cold ; without passion.
COOLNESS, kCiOlines, s. Gentle cold, a soft or
mild degree of cold ; want of affection, disinclination ;
freedom from passion.
COOM, kAAm, s. 306. Soot that gathers over an
oven's mouth; that matter that works out of the
wheels of carriages.
COOMB, kAAm, s. A measure of corn containing four
bushels.
COOP, kAAp, $. A cage, a pen for animals, as poul-
try or sheep.
To COOP, k5Ap, v. a. To shut up in a narrow
com pass, to cage.
CeorEE, kOo-pde,' s. A motion in dancing.
COOPER, kA&ipur, *. 98. One that makes coops
or barrels.
COOPERAGE, kAo^p&r-ldje, s. 90. The price paid
for coopers' work.
To CO-OPERATE, kA-ip^r-ate, v. n. To labour
jointly with another to the same end ; to concur in ilie
same effect.
Co-OPERATiON, kA-ip-gr-a-sh&n, s. The act of
contributing or concurring to the same end.
Co OPERATIVE, kA ip^r-a-tiv, adj. Promoting
the same end jointly.
CO-OPERATOR, kd-&p££r-a-tur, s. 521. He that,
by joint endeavours, promotes the same end with o-
thers.
CO-OPTATION, kA-6p ta-sh&n, s. Adoption, as-
sumption.
Co ORDINATE, kA-or£d<J-nAte, adj. 91. Hold-
ing the same rank.
CO-ORDINATELY, kA-irid£-nate-lt*, adv. In the
same rank.
Co ORDINATENES3, kA-5r-d£-nate-n£s, 3. The
state of being co-ordinate.
CO-ORDINATION, kA-6r-d£-nai.sh&n, s. The state
of holding the same rank, collateral ness.
COOT, k&Ot, s. 306. A small black water-fowl.
COP, k&p, s. The head, the top of any thing.
COPARCENARY, kA-par£s£-ni-rc, 5. Joint succes-
sion to any inheritance.
COPARCENER, kA-paris£-nur, s. Coparceners are
such as have equal portion in the inheritance of the an-
cestor.
CoPARCENY, kA-par£s£-n£, s. An equal share of
coparceners.
COPARTNER, kA-partin&r, s. 98. One that has a
share in some common stock or affair. •»
COPARTNERSHIP, kA-part-n&r-shlp, s. The state
of bearing an equal part, or possessing an equal share.
CoPATAIN, kfipia-tln, adj. 208. High raisui,
pointed. Obsolete.
COPAYVA, kA-pa-va, s. 92. A gum which distils
from a tree in lirasil.
COPE, kApe, i. Any thing with which the head is
covered ; a sacerdotal cloak, worn in sacred ministra-
tion ; any thing which is spread over the head.
To COPE, kApe, v. a. To cove*, as with a cope ;
to contend with, to oppose.
To COPE, kApe, v. n. To contend, to struggle, t»
strive.
COPIER, k&pip£-fir, s. One that copies, a tran-
scriber ; a plagiary, an imitator.
COPING, kA^-pIng, s. The upper tier of masonry
which covers the wall.
COPIOUS, kA^p£-&s, adj. Plentiful, abundant, »-
bounding hi words or images.
COPIOUSLY, k6£p£-&s-le, adv. Plentifully, abun-
dantly, in great quantities; at large, diffusely.
COPIOUSNESS, k6^p£-&s-n£s, i. Plenty, abundance ;
exuberance of style.
COPLAND, k&p-land, s. A piece of ground whieh
terminates with an acute angle.
COPPED, k&pipM, or kipt, adj. 366. Rising to
a top or head.
CoPPEL, k5p£p&, *. An instrument used in chy-
mistry. Its use is to try and purify gold and silver.
COPPER, k&pipOr, s. 98. One of the six primitive
metals.
COPPER, kip-p&r, s. A boiler larger than a
moveable pot.
COPPER-NOSE, k&p-p&r-nAse, s. A red nose.
COPPER-PLATE, k&p-pur-plate,' s. A plate on
which pictures are engraven.
COPPER- WORK, k&pipfrr-w&rk, s. A place where
copper is manufactured.
COPPERAS, k6pip&r-3.S, S. A kind of vitriol.
COPPERSMITH, k&pipur-snalth, j. One that nwau-
factuies copper.
COR
117
COR
n&r 167, nJit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299— pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
Copp^RWORM, k6p-pur-w&rm, s. A little worm
in ships ; a worm breeding in one's hand.
COPPERY, kSp-pur-£, adj. Containing copper.
COPPICE, kip-pis, s. 142. Low woods cut at stat-
ed times for fuel.
CoPPLE-DUST, kip-pi-dust, S. Powder used in
purifying metals.
COPPLED, kipipld, adj. 359. Rising in a conick
form.
COPSE, kops, s. Short wood.
To COPSE, k5ps, v. a. To preserve underwood.
COPULA, k&p-u-la, s. 92. The word which unites
the subject and predicate of a proposition.
To COPULATE, k&p^u-late, v. a. To unite, to con-
join.
To COPULATE, kop-u-late, v. n. To come toge-
ther as different sexes.
COPULATION', k&p-u-laishun, s. The congress or
embrace of the two sexes.
COPULATIVE, kop-u-la-dv, adj. 157. A term of
grammar.
COPY, kop-p£, s. 482. A transcript from the ar-
chetype or original ; an individual book, as a good and
fair copy ; the original, the archetype ; a picture drawn
from another picture.
COPY BOOK, k5p-p£-l>6ok, s. A book in which
copies are written for learners to imitate.
COPYHOLD, kop-p£-hAld, s. A tenure, for which
the tenant hath nothing to shew but the copy of the
rolls made by the steward of h;s lord's court.
COPYHOLDER, k&p-p£-hAl-dur, s. One that is
possessed of land in copyhold.
To COPY, kop-pi, v. a. To transcribe, to write
after an original ; to imitate, to propose to imitation.
To COPY, k6p-p£, v. n. To do any thing in imi-
tation of something else,
COPYER, kip-pi-ur, >
COPYIST, kopipd-lst, { * One who copies wntings
or pictures.
To COQUET, kA-k£t,' v. a. 415. To treat with an
appearance of amorous tenderness.
COQUETRY, k6-kSt^rd, s. Affectation of amorous
advances.
COQUETTE, kA-k&t,' S. A gay, airy girl, who en-
deavours to attract notice.
CORACLE, k&r-a-kl, s. 405. A boat used in Wales
by fishers.
CORAL, kSrial, J. Red coral is a plant of great
hardness and stony nature while growing in the water,
as it is after long exposure to the air ; the piece of coral
' which children use as a plaything.
J£5- We sometimes hear this word pronounced Curral;
but [his is contrary to all our Pronouncing Dictionaries,
and ought to be avoided.
CORALLINE, korial-m, adj. 150. Consisting of
coral.
CORALLINE, kor-al-ln, s. Coralline is a sea-plant
used in medicine.
CORALLOTD, or CORAI.LOIDAL, kor-al-loid, or
kir-al-lold^al, adj. Resembling coral.
COR A NT, kA-rant,' s. A nimble sprightly dance.
CORBAN, k6r-ban, s. 168. An alms basket, a gift,
an alms.
CORBEILS, kor-belz, s. Little baskets used in forti-
fication, filled with earth.
CORBEL, k6rib£l, s. In architecture, the represen-
tation of a basket.
CORD, k5rd, s. A rope, a string ; a quantity of
wood for fuel ; a pile eight feet long, four high, and
four broad.
CORD-MAKER, kordima-kur, s. One whose trade
is to make ropes, a rope-maker.
CORD-WOOD, kord-wud, *. Wood piled up for
fuel.
To CORD, kord, v. a. To bind with ropes.
CORDAGE, kor-dldje, j. 90. A quantity of cords.
CORDED, kSr-d^d, adj. Made of ropes.
CORDELIER, kor-d£-lWr,' s. 275. A franciscan
friar, so named from the cord which serves him for a
cincture.
CORDIAL, kor£j£-al, s. 294. 376. A medicine
that increases the force of the heart, or quickens the
circulation ; any medicine that increases strength ; any
thing that comforts, gladdens, and exhilarates.
85" There is certainly a tendency in the das well as in
theTto slide into a soft hissing sound when preceded by
the accent, and followed by a diphthong or a diphthongal
vowel, commencing with the sound of e. This is evident
by the current pronunciation of immerliate, verdure, <fec.
as if written immejlate, verjure, &c. 294 ; and this pro-
nunciation is so agreeable to the genius of our language,
that the organs slide into it insensibly. Mr. Sheridan,
in order to mark this sound, has adopted the y, and
spelled the word Cor-dy-al : and if y is here articulated
as a consonant, as is intended, its connexion with d pro-
duces a sound so near the hiss in Cor-je-al, as to be with
difficulty distinguished from it.
CORDIAL, kor-j^-al, adj. Reviving, invigorating ;
sincere, hearty.
CORDIALITY, k5r-j£-4U«i-t£, s. Relation to the
heart ; sincerity.
CORDIALLY, korijd-al-l£, adv. Sincerely, heartily.
CORE, kore, S. The heart ; the inner part of any
thing ; the inner part of a fruit, which contains the
kernel ; the matter contained in a bile or sore.
CoRHCEOUS, kA-rd-aAshus, adj. Consisting of
leather ; of a substance resembling leather.
CORIANDER, ko-r£ an'dur, s. 98. A plant.
CORINTH, kur-rAn, s. A small fruit commonly
called currant, which see.
CORINTHIAN, ko rln-f/j4-an, adj. Is generally
reckoned the fourth of the five orders of architecture.
CORK, kork, s. A glandiferous tree, in all respccU
like the ilex, excepting the bark ; the bark of the cork-
tree used for stopples ; the stopple of a bottle.
To CORK, k5rk, v. a. To put corks into bottles.
CORKING-FIN, kdr-klng-pln/ s. A pin of the
largest size.
CORKY, k6r-k£, adj. Consisting of coik.
CORMORANT, kor-mo-rant s. A bird that preys
upon fish ; a glutton.
CORN, kSrn, s. The seeds which grow in ears, not
in pods ; grain unreaped ; grain in the ear, yet un-
thrashed ; an excrescence on the foot, hard and pain-
ful.
To CORN, korn, v. a. To salt, to sprinkle with
salt ; to form into small grains.
CORN-FIELD, kdrn-fe&d, s. A field where com it
growing.
CORN-FLAG, k5rn-fl£g, s. A plant ; the leaves are
like those of the fleur-de-lis.
CORN-FLOOR, korn-flore, s. The floor where corn
is stored.
CORN FLOWER, kAVn-flou-ur, s. The blue-bottle.
CORN- LAND, kdrniland, s. Land appropriated to
the production of grain.
CORN-MILL, korn-mil, s. A mill to grind corn
into meal.
CORN-PIPE, kSrn-pipe, s. A pipe made by slitting
the joint of a green stalk of corn.
CORNCHANDLER, kdrn-tshand-lur, s. One that
retails corn.
CORNCUTTER, kornikut-tur, s. A man whose pro-
fession it is to extirpate corns from the foot.
CORNEL, kor-n£l,
CORNELIAN-TREE, kSr-n4-le-an-tr££,
Cornel-tree beareth the fruit commonly called the cor-
nelian cherry.
CORNEOUS, k5r-n£-us, adj. Horny, of a substance
resembling horn.
CORNER, kor-nur, s. 98. An angle ; a secret or
remote place ; the extremities, the utmost limit.
CORNER-STONE, korinur-stAne, s. The stone that
unites the two walls at the corner.
COB.NERWISE, korinfir-wizi-, ado. Diagonally.
.1"
The
COR
118
COR
559- FAte 73, fir 77, &H8S,fat81— m& 93, m£t95— pine 105, pin 107— nAl62, rr.&ve 164,
CORSET, kor-n^t, *. 99. A musical instrument j
blown with the mouth ; a company or troop of horse, ,
in this sense obsolete; the officer that bears the stand- 1
ard of a troop ; Comet of a horse, is the lowest part of
his pastern that runs round the coffin.
CORNETCY, kAr-n£t-s£, s. The post of a cornet in
the army.
CORNICE, kAr-nls, s. 142. The highest projection
of a wall or column.
CORNICLE, kArinlk-kl, s. 405. A little hom.
CORNIGEROUS, kdr-nldj«.^-r&s, adj. Horned,
having horns.
CORNUCOPIA, k5r-nu-kA-pi-£, s. The horn of
plenty.
To CORNUTE, kAr-nuie,' v. a. To bestow horns,
to cuckold.
CoRNUTED, kAr-nh'tSd, adj. Grafted with horns,
cuckolded.
CORNUTO, kor-n6'tA, s. A man horned, a cuc-
kold.
CORNY, korin£, adj. Strong or hard like horn,
homy ; producing grain or corn.
COROLLARY, kor^A-lar-£, s. 168. The conclu-
sion ; an inference.
fcf- Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ash, W. John-
ston, Buchanan, Entick, and Smith, accent this word on
the first, and Dr. Kenrick, Scott, Perry, and Bailey, on
the second syllable. The weight of authority is certainly
for the accentuation I have adopted, and analogy seems
1 1 confirm this authority. For as the word is derived
from Corollarium, with the accent on the antepenulti-
mate, our pronunciation of this word generally lays an
additional accent on the first syllable, which, when the
jrord is shortened by dropping a syllable in Corollery,
oecomes the principal accent, as in a thousand other in-
stances.— See Academy.
CORONAL, kAriA-nal, *. 168. A crown, a gar-
land.
CORONAL, kAr^A-nal, adj. Belonging to the top
of the head.
CORONARY, kAr^A-nar-^, adj. Relating to a crown ;
it is applied in anatomy to arteries fancied to encom-
pass the heart in the manner of a garland.
CORONATION, kAr-A-naishun, s. The act or so-
lemnity of crowning a king ; the pomp or assembly
present at a coronation.
CORONER, kAr^A-nfir, s. An officer whose duty it
is to inquire how any violent death was occasioned.
CORONET, kAr£A-n£t, s. An inferior crown worn
by the nobility.
CORPORAL, kor-pA-ral, *. 168. The lowest offi-
cer of the infantry ; a low sea-officer.
CORPORAL, k6r£pA-ril, adj. Relating to the body,
belonging to the body ; material, not spiritual.
COHPORALITY, k5r-pA-ral'£-t£, s. The quality
of being embodied.
CORPORALLY, kAripA-ril £, adv. Bodily.
CORPORATE, kAripA-rate, adj. 91. United in a
body or community.
CORPORATION, kor-pA-raish&n, *. A body poll-
tick.
CORPOREAL, kAr-pA-r£-al, adj. Having a body,
not immaterial.
CORPOREITY, kAr-pA-nW-t.*, t. Materiality, bodi-
liness.
CORPS, kAre, s. Plural kArz. A body of force*.
thing
more frightful to an elegant ear than the sound it lias
from the mouth of those who are wholly unacquainted
with iU fashionable and military usage.
CORPSE, kArps, s. 168. A carcase, a dead body,
a corse.
CORPULENCE, k5rip6-l<?nse, 7
CORPULENCY, k&ipUSn-sA, J '' Bulkine» of
body, fleshiness.
CORPULENT, korip6-l5nt, adj. Fleshy, bulky.
CORPUSCLE, korip&s-sl, i. 351. 405. A small
body, iii atom.
CORPUSCULAR, kAr-pis-kfi-lar, ?
CORPUSCULARIAN, k5r-pfls-k6-lair<Uan, 5
Relating to bodies, comprising bodies.
To CORRADE, kAr-rade/ v. a. 1 68. To hoard, to
scrape together.
CORRADIATION, kAr-ra-d£ a-sh&n, s. A conjunc-
tion of rays into one point.
To CORRECT, k&r-r3kt/ v. a. To punish, to chaj-
tise ; to amend ; to obviate the qualities of one ingre-
dient by another.
CORRECT, kAr-r£kt,' adj. Revised or finished with
exactness.
CORRECTION, kAr-rSk^sh&n, s. Punishment, dis-
cipline; amendment; that which is substituted in the
place of any thing wrone ; reprehension ; abatement of
noxious qualities, by the addition of something con-
trary.
CORRECTIONER, kAr-r3k-shin-&r, s. A jail-bird.
Obsolete.
CORRECTIVE, kAr-r£k-tlv, adj. 157. Having the
power to alter or obviate any bad qualities.
CORRECTIVE, kAr-r£k-tlv, *. That which has the
power of altering or obviating any thing amiss ; limiu
tion, restriction.
CORRECTLY, kAr-r3ktil£, adv. Accurately, exactly.
CORRECTNESS, kAr-r£kt-n£s, $. Accuracy, exact-
ness.
CORRECTOR, kAr-rgkit&r, s. 98. He that amends,
or alters, by punishment ; he that revises any thing to
free it from faults ; such an ingredient in a composition
as guards against or abates the force of another.
To CORRELATE, kAr-r£.late/ v. n. To have a re-
ciprocal relation, as father and son. — See Counterbalance.
CORRELATE, kAr-^-late,' *. One that stands in
the opposite relation.
CORRELATIVE, kAr-r£Ua-t!v, adj. Having a re-
ciprocal relation.
COURELATIVENESS, kAr-r31-a-tlv.n£s, j. The
state of being correlative.
COKREPTION, kAr-r£pishfrn, s. Chiding, repre-
hension, reproof.
To CORRESPOND, kAr-r4-spAnd/ v. n. To suit,
to answer, to fit ; to keep up commerce with another
by alternate letters.
CORRESPONDENCE, kAr-rd.spAn£d3nse,
CORRESPONDENCY, kAr-r£-spAnid£n-s^,
Relation, reciprocal adaptation of one thing to ano-
ther; intercourse, reciprocal intelligence; friendship,
interchange of offices or civilities.
CORRESPONDENT, kAr-r£-spAnid£nt, adj. Suita-
ble, adapted, answerable.— See To Collect.
CORRESPONDENT, kor-ri*-spAnid£nt, s. One with
whom intelligence or commerce is kept up by mutual
messages or letters.
CoRRESPONSlVE, kAr-re-spAn-slv, adj. Answera-
ble, adapted to any thing.
CORRIDOR, k&r-ri-dAre,' s. The covert way lying
round a fortification ; a gallery or long isle round about
a building.
CORRIGIBLE, kSrird-jd-bl, adj. 405. That may
be alterai or amended ; corrective, or having the power
of amending ; punishable. — See To Collect.
CORRIVAL, k&r-riival, s. Rival, competitor.
COHRIVALRY, kir-rRval-rd, s. Comi>etition.
CORROBORANT, k&r-rSb-A-rint, adj. Having th«
power to give strength.
To CORROBORATE, k&r-rib'A-rate, r. a. To
confirm, to establish ; to strengthen, to make strong.
CORROBORATION, k&r-r6b-6-ra£shini, *. The act
of strengthening or confirming.
CORROBORATIVE, k&r-ribiA-ri-tlv, adj. Having
the power of increasing strength.
To CORRODE, kir-rode,' v. a. To eat away by de
grees, to wear away gradually.
CORRODENT, k&r-ro-d^nt, adj. Having the power
of corroding or wasting.
COKRODIBLE, k5r-ro-dt*-bl, aty. 405. Possible to
be consumed.
COR
119
COU
nor 1ST, n&t 163 — t&be 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 299— pSund 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
CORROSIBILITY, k6r-rA-s£-b11-e-ttJ, s. Possibility CORUSCATION, k&r-us-ka-sh&n, s. Flash, quick
to be consumed by a menstruum. j vibration of light.
CORROSIBLE, k6r-rA-s£-bl, adj. 405. Possible to
be consumed by a menstruum.
CORROSIBLENESS, kSr-rA-sd-bl-nSs, 5. Suscepti-
bility of corrosion.
CORROSION, k5r-rAizhun, *. 451. The power of
eating or wearing away by degrees.
CORROSIVE, k5r-r4islv, adj. 428.' Having the
power of wearing away ; having the quality to fret or
vex.
CORROSIVE, kSr-roislv, s. 140. That which has
the quality of wasting any thing away ; that which has
the power of giving pain.
CORROSIVELY, kftr-rA£slv-l£, adj. Like a cor-
rosive ; with the power of corrosion.
CORROSIVENESS, k&r-rAisIv-n5s, s. The quality
of corroding or eating away, acrimony.
CORRUGANT, k&r-ru-gant, adj. 503.
the power of contracting into wrinkles.
CORYMBIATED, kA-rlm£b£-a-t£d, adj. Garnished
with branches of berries.
CORYMBIFEROUS, kSr-lm-blf-£r-6s, adj. 518.
Having j
To CORRUGATE, k&r-ru-gate, v. a. 91. To wrin-
kle or purse up.
CORRUGATION, k5r-ri-ga-sh&n, *. Contraction
into wrinkles.
To CORRUPT, kftr-r&pt/ v. a. To turn from a
sound to a putrescent state, to infect, to deprave, to
destroy integrity, to vitiate.
To CORRUPT, k5r-r&pt,' v. n. To become putrid,
to grow rotten — See To Collect.
CORRUPT, kSr-rfrpt/ adj. Vicious, tainted with
wickedness.
CORRUPTER, kSr-r&pitur, s. He that taints or vi-
tiates.
CORRUPTIBILITY, k5r-rup-td-bll-i-t£, $. Possi-
bility to be corrupted.
CORRUPTIBLE, kAr-r&pit^-bl, adj. 405. Suscep-
tibility of corruption ; possible to be vitiated.
l£jp- Some affected speakers have done all m their
power to remove the accent of this word from the second
to the first syllable ; thanks to the difficulty of pronoun-
cing It in this manner, they have not yet effected their
purpose. — Those who have the least regard for the sound
of their language, ought to resist this novelty with all
their might ; for if it once gain ground, it is sure to tri-
umph. The difficulty of pronouncing it, and the ill
sound it produces, will recommend it to the fashionable
world, who are as proud to distinguish themselves by an
oddity in language as in dress. — See Incomparable.
CoilRUPTlBLENESS, k6r-r5p£t£-bl-n&s, s. Sus-
ceptibility of corruption.
CORRUPTIBLY, k&r-r&pitd-bl^, adv. In such a
manner as to be corrupted.
CORRUPTION, kir-rfipish&n, s. The principle by
which bodies tend to the separation of their parts;
wickedness, perversion of principles; putrescence; mat-
ter or pus in a sore; the means by which any thing is
vitiated, depravation.
CORRUPTIVE, kSr-r&pitlv, adj. Having the qua-
lity of tainting or vitiating.
CoRRUPTLESS, kir-raptf-lls, adj. Insusceptible of
corruption, undecaying.
CORRUPTLY, k6r-ruptil<i, adv. With corruption,
with taint; viciously, contrary to purity.
CORRUPTNESS, k&r-r&pt-nes, s. The quality of
corruption, putrescence, vice.
CORSAIR, kor^sare, s. 168. A pirate.
CORSE, kirse, S. Poetically, a dead body, a car-
cass.
Bearing fruit or berries in bunches.
CoRYMBUS, kA-rhn-bus, s. Amongst ancient bo-
tanists, clusters of berries ; amongst modem botanists,
a compounded discous flower ; such are the flowers of
daisies and common marigolds.
COSIER, ko-zhd-ur, s. A botcher. Obsolete
COSMETICK, kSz-m£t-Ik, adj. Beautifying.
COSMICAL, k&Z-m£-k&l, adj. Relating to the world ;
rising or setting with the sun.
CosMlCALLY, k&z£m&-kal-£, adv. With the sun.
COSMOGONY, k6z-m5gigA-n<*, s. 518. The rise
or birth of the world, the creation.
! CoSMOGRAPHER, k&z-m&gigra-f&r, s. 518. One
who writes a description of the world.
COSMOGRAPHICAL, k&z mo-graW-kal, adj. 509.
Relating to a general description of the world.
COSMOGRAPHICALLY, k&z-mA-graf-£-kal-£, adv.
In a manner relating to the structure of the world.
COSMOGRAPHY, kdz-mSg'gra-fi, s. 518. The
science of the general system of the world ; a general
description of the universe.
COSMOPOLITAN, k6z-mo-F^.-v.-v«.,, ,
COSMOPOLITE, kAz-mSpiA-lite, *<**««• A
citizen of the world, one who is at home in every plai-c.
COST, k5st, s. The price of any thing ; charge,
expense ; loss, detriment.
To COST, k&st, v. n. To be bought for, to be had
at a price.
COSTAL, k&s^tal, adj. Belonging to the ribs.
COSTARD, k&s-tard, s. A head, an apple round and
bulky like the head.
COSTIVE, k&s^tlv, adj. 157. Bound in the body;
close, unperm cable.
CosTlVENESS, k&sitlv-n^s, s. The state of the bo-
dy in which excretion is obstructed.
COSTLINESS, kSstil£.n&>, s. Sumptuousness, «-
pensiveness.
COSTLY, k&st-l£, adj. Sumptuous, expensive.
COSTUME, k&s-tume,' s. In painting, the proper
character ; the correspondence of the several parts and
1 gures. Chiefly the correspondence of dress to its re-
spective ages or nations.
CoT, kot, s. A small house, a hut.
COTANGENT, kA-tlnijgnt, s. The tangent of an
arch which is the complement of another to ninety de-
grees.
COTEMPORARY, kA-t£mipA-ra-r<*, adj. Living at
the same time, coetaneous.
COTERIE, kA-tur-r^ s. A club, a society.
COTILLON, kA-dl-yAng, s. A kind of French
dance. — See Encore.
COTLAND, k&tiland, s. Land appendant to a cot-
tage.
COTQUEAN, kAt-kw£n«, s. A man who busies
himself with women's affairs.
COTTAGE, k&t-taje, s. 90. A hut, a mean habita-
tion.
COTTAGER, k&t-ti-jur, s. One who lives in a hut
or cottage; one who lives in the common, without
paying rent.
COTTIER, k5t-y5r, s. 113. One who inhabits a
CoRSLET, kors^Wt, t. A light armour for the fore-
part of the body.
CORTICAL, k6rit£-kal, adj. Barky, belonging to ! COTTON, kfit^tn, s. 1 70. The down of the cotton,
the rind. j tree ; a plant.
CORTICATED, koritd-ka-t£d, adj. Resembling the | COTTON, kfititn, s. Cloth or stuff made of cottun.
bark of a tree.
CORTICOSE, k5r-tti-kAse,' adj. Full of bark. — See
Appendix.
CORVETTO, kor-v£t£tA, s. The curvet.
CORUSCANT, kA-rus-kant, adj. Glittering by
flashes, Hashing.
To COTTON, kit-tn, t;. n. To rise with a nap ; to
cement, to unite with.
To COUCH, kofitsh, v. n. 313. To lie down in a
place of repose ; to lie down on the knees, as a beast to
rest ; to lie down, iu ambush ; to stoop or bend down
in fear, in pauu
cov
120
cou
.59. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, mh 95— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, move 1 64,
COUGH, kif, J. 321. A convulsion of the lungs.
To COUGH, k5f, V. n. To have the lungs convuls-
ed, to make a noise in endeavouring to evacuate the
peccant trailer from the lungs.
To COUGH, k&f, v. a. 391. To eject by a cough.
COUGHER, k&f^fir, s. 98. One that coughs.
CoVIN, kiv-ln, 5. A fraudulent agreement between
two or more persons to the injury of another.
COVING, ki^vlng, s. A term in building, used of
houses that project over the ground plot; a particular
form of ceiling.
COULD, k&d, 320. The imperfect preterite of Can.
— See the word Been.
COULTER, kile-tfir, *. 318. The sharp iron of the
plough which cuts the earth.
COUNCIL, kouni-sll, s. 313. An assembly of per-
sons met together in consultation ; persons called to-
gether to be consulted ; the body of privy counsellors.
COUNCIL-BOARD, kSinisil-bArd. a. Council-table,
table where matters of state are deliberated.
COUNSEL, k6in£s£l, s. 99. Advice, direction ;
deliberation ; prudence ; secrecy, the secrets intrusted
in consulting ; scheme, purpose, design ; those that
plead a cause, the counsellors.
JtJ- The difference of Council and Counsel is, in cur-
sory speaking, almost undistinguishable.
To COUNSEL, kiun-s£l, v. a. 99. To give advice
or counsel to any person ; to advise any thing.
COUNSELLABLE, koimis£l-a-bl, adj. Willing to
receive and follow advice.
COUNSELLOR, kounis£l l&r, ». One that gives ad-
riee ; confidant, bosom friend ; one whose province is
to deliberate and advise upon publick affairs; one that
is consulted in a case of law.
COUNSELLORSHIP, k6un£s£l-lir-shlp, s. Th«
office or post of privy counsellor.
To COUNT, kSunt, v. a. To number, to tell ; to
reckon, to account, to consider as having a certain cha-
racter ; to impute to, to charge to.
To COUNT, kSunt, v. n. 313. To lay a scheme ;
to depend on.
COUNT, kount, s. Number, reckoning.
COUNT, kount, s. A title of foreign nobility, an
earl.
COUNTABLE, koun-ti-bl, adj. That may be num-
bered.
COUNTENANCE, k3un-t£ nanse, *. The form of the
face, the system of the features, air, look ; confidence
of mien, aspect of assurance ; affectation or ill will, at
it appears upon the face ; patronage, support.
To COUNTENANCE, koun-te-ninse, v. a. To sup-
port, to patronise, to make a show of, to encourage.
CoUNTENANCER, kS&n't^-nan-sur, s. One that
countenances or supports another.
COUNTER, kiun-tur, s. 98. A false piece of money
used as a moans of reckoning ; the form on which good*
are viewed and money told in a shop.
COUNTER, koun-tur, adv. Contrary to, in opposi-
tion to ; the wrong wav ; contrary ways.
To COUNTERACT, ki&n-t&r-akt/ v. a. To hin-
der any thing from its effect by contrary agency.
To COUNTERBALANCE, koun-t&r-bal-lanse, v. a.
To act against with an opposite weight.
J£5- We may observe, in words compounded of coun-
ter, an evident tendency to that distinction that < btaini
between the noun and the verb in dissyllables. Thus the
verb to counterbalance has the accent or the third syllable,
and the noun of the same form on the first, and so of the
rest. 492.
COUNTERBALANCE, koun-tur-bal-lanse, *. Op-
posite weight.
To COUNTEHBUFF, kJun-tir-b&f/ v. a. To im-
pel ; to strike back.
COUNTERBUFF, kSun-ttir-buf, s. A stroke that
produces a recoil.
COUNTERCASTER, k5unit&r-kas-tur, s. A book-
keeper, a caster of accounts, a reckoner. Not used.
COUNTERCHANGE kSunitur-tshanje, s. Exc.v-a".g«.
reciprocation.
To COUCH, k&itsh, v. a. To lay on a place of re-
note ; to lay down any thing in a stratum ; to bed, to
hide in another body ; to include secretly, to hide ; to
fix the spear in the rest ; to depress the film that over-
spreads the pupil of the eye.
COUCH, kiutsh, s. A seat of repose ; a layer, a
stratum.
COUCHANT, kSitshiant, at//. Lying down, squat-
ting.
CouCHEE, k65-shW, s. Bed-time, the time of visit-
ing late at night ; opposite to Levee.
COUCHER, koutsh-ir, s. He that couches or de-
presses cataracts.
COUCHFELLOW, kS&tsh£f£l-l&, t. Bed fellow, com-
panion.
Coi'CHGRASS, k5&tshigri«, s. A weed.
COVE, k6ve, s. A small creek or bay ; a shelter,
a cover.
COVENANT, kiv^-nant, *. 1 65. 503. A contract,
a stipulation ; a compact ; a writing containing the
terms of agreement.
To COVENANT, k&v£4-nant, v. n. To bargain, to
stipulate.
COVENANTED kiv-3-nan te<V J. A party to a
covenant, a stipulator, a bargainer.
COVENANTER, kftvti-nan-tir, s. One who takes
a covenant. A word introduced in the civil wars.
To COVER, k&v-iir, v. a. 165. To overspread any
thing with something else; to conceal under something
laid over; to hide by superficial appearances ; to over-
whelm, to bury ; to shelter, to conceal from harm ; to
brood on ; to copulate with the other sex, applied to
horses ; to wear the hat.
COVER, k&v-ftr, t. 98. Any thing that is laid over
another; a concealment, a screen, a veil; shelter, de-
fence.
COVERING, k&v'&r-lng, *. Dress, vesture.
COVERLET, kiviir-13t, j. 99. The outermost of
the bed-clothes.
COVERT, k&vi&rt, s. 98. A shelter, a defence ; a
thicket, or hiding-place,
COVERT, kfrv-urt, adj. Sheltered, secret, hidden,
insidious.
COVERT-WAY, k&v£irt-wa,' *. A space of ground
level with the field, three or four fathoms broad, rang-
ing quite round the half moons or other works toward
the country.
COVERTLY, kiviirt-14, adv. Secretly, closely.
COVERTNESS, k&vJ.&rt-n£s, s. Secrecy, privacy.
COVERTURE, kuvi&r-tshire, s. 461. Shelter, de-
fence ; in law, the state and condition of a married
woman.
To COVET, k&vi4t, v. a. 99. To desire inordi-
nately, to desire beyond due bounds ; to desire earnestly.
To COVET, k&vifit, v. n. To have a strong desire.
COVETABLE, k&v^t-a-bl, adj. To be wished for.
COVETOUS, kivii-t&s, adj. Inordinately desirous ;
inordinately eager of money, avaricious.
fc^F" In the pronunciation of this word and its compound?,
Mr. Sheridan has adopted a vulgarism, of which one could
scarcely have suspected him : but pronouncing covetshut
for covetout is not only a vulgarism, but contrary to ana-
logy. All those diphthongs and diphthongal vowels which
draw the preceding consonants to aspiration, are such as
commence with the sound of e ; which from its nearness
to the sound of double e , and the nearness of this sound
to the commencing sound of y, approaches to the hissing
sound of t, t, and soft c, and in the absence of accent
coalesces with them. T and D being formed in the same
seat of sound as the s, z, and soft c, when the accent is be-
fore them, easily slide into the same sound before the
vowels and diphthongs before-mentioned, but never be-
fore any other : for we might with as much propriety pro-
nounce calamitous and necessitous, calamitshus and neccs-
tttshus, a* covetous, covetsfiiu. 439.
COVETOUSLY, k&v^-t&s-W, adv. Avariciously,
eagerly.
COVETOUSNESS, kuvivt*-t&S-n£s, s. Avarice, ea-
gerness of gain.
COVEY, kiv-v£, *. 165. A hatch, an old bird with
her young ones ; a number of birds together
cou
121
COU
nSr 167, nit 163— tibe 171, tub 172, bill 173 — 511 299— po&nd 313— thin 466— THIS 469
To COUNTERCHANGE, koun-t&r-tshanje,' v. a.
To give and receive.
COUNTERCHAHM, kounitur-tsharm, s. That by
which a rharm is dissolved.
To COUNTERCHARM, k3un-tur-tsharm,' v. a. To
destroy the effect of an enchantment.
To COUNTERCHECK, kSun-t&r-tsh£k,' v. a. To
oppose.
COUNTERCHECK, k6unit&r-tsh5k, s. stop, re-
buke.
To CoUNTERDRAW, kMn -tar-draw,' v. a. To
copy a design by means of an oiled paper, whereon the
strokes appearing through, are traced with a pencil.
COUNTEREVIDENCE, koun- t&r-4v^-d£nse, s.
Testimony by which the deposition of some former
witness is opposed.
To COUNTERFEIT, k5finit&r-flt, v. a. To copy
with an intent to pass the copy for an original ; to imi-
tate, to resemble.
COUNTERFEIT, k6anitar-flt, adj. Forged, ficti-
tious; deceitful, hypocritical.
COUNTERFEIT, k6finitttr-flt. s. One who perso-
nates another, an impostor ; something made in imita-
tion of another ; a forgery.
COUNTERFEITER, koiuit&r-flt-Ur, s. A forger.
COUNTERFEITLY, koun-tur-f It-le, adv. Falsely,
with forgery.
CouNTERFERMENT, k6un-tur-f£r-m3nt, s. Fer-
ment opposed to ferment.
COUNTERFORT, kounitur-fort, * Counterforts
are pillars serving to support walls subject to bulge.
COUNTERGAGE, koun-tur-gaje, s. A method used
to measure the joints by transferring the breadth of a
mortise to the place where the tenon is to be.
COUNTERGUARD, k5un£tur-gard, s. 92. A smaU
rampart with parapet and ditch.
To COUNTERMAND, koun-t&r-mand,' v. a. 79.
To order the contrary to what was ordered before ; to
contradict the orders of another.
COUNTERMAND, kSun-t&r- mind, *. Repeal of a
former order.
To COUNTERMARCH, kSSn-tfir-marfsh/ v. n.
See Counterbalance. To march backwards.
COUNTERMARCH, kofinitfrr-martsh, s. Rctroces-
«ion, march backward ; a change of measures ; altera-
tion of conduct.
COUNTERMARK, kofin-tur-mark, s. A second or
third mark put on a bale of goods; the mark of the
Goldsmith's Company.
COUNTERMINE, kMn-t&r-mlne, s. A well or hole
sunk into the ground, from which a gallery or branch
runs out under ground, to seek out thr enemy's mine;
means of opposition ; a stratagem by v.hich any contri-
vance is defeated.
To COUNTERMINE, ko&n-t&r-mlne/ v. n. To
delve a passage into an enemy's mine ; to counterwork,
to defeat by secret measures.
COUNTERMOTION, k6un-tfrr-m6-shun, s. Con-
trary motion.
COUNTERMURE, k&mitor mire, s. A wall built
up behind another wall.
COUNTERNATURAL, kfl&n-tfrr-nutshii-ril, adj.
Contrary to nature.
COUNTERNOISE, k6un't&r-nueze, s. A sound by
which any other noise is overpowered.
COUNTKROPENING, k6un-tur-6-pn-Ing, s. An
aperture on the contrary side.
COUNTERPACE, k6&nit&r-pase, s. Contrary mea-
sure.
COUNTERPANE, kourA&r-pane, s. A coverlet for
a bed, or any thing else woven in squares.
COUNTERPART, kSunit&r-part, s. The correspon-
dent part.
COUNTERPLEA, kounit&r-pld, s. In law, a repli-
cation.
To COUNTERPLOT, kofin-t&r-plot,' ».. a. TO op-
pose one machination to another.
COUNTERPLOT, kSan-tur-plut, s. An artifice op-
posed to an -uti/ice.
COUNTERPOINT, kSunUur-poInt, s. A coverlet
woven in squares. A species of music.
To COUNTERPOISE, koin-t&r-po^zc'/ v. a. To
counterbalance, to be equiponderant to ; to produce -
contrary action by an equal weight ; to act with equal
power against any person or cause.
COUNTERPOISE, k6in-tur-p5£ze, s. Equiponder-
ance, equivalence of weight ; the state of being placed
in the opposite scale of the balance; equipollence,
equivalence of power.
COUNTERPOISON, kS&n-t&r-po^zn, g. Antidote.
COUNTERPRESSURE, kSun-t&r-pr&hi&re, s. Op-
posite force.
COUNTERPROJECT, koun-t&r-pridij£kt, S. Cor-
respondent part of a scheme.
COUNTERSCARP, k5in-tur-skarp, s. That side of
the ditch which is next the camp.
To COUNTERSIGN, kMn-t&r-slne/ v. a. To sign
an order or patent of a superior in quality of secretary,
to render the thing more authentick.
COUNTERTENOR, kSan-tir-t^n^nur, j. One of
the mean or middle parts of musick, so called, as it
were, opposite to the tenor.
COUNTERTIDE, kMn^t&r-tlde, J. Contrary tide.
CouNTERTlME, k6unitur-time, s. Defence, opi>o-
sition.
COUNTERTURN, kSun^tir-tfirn, s. The height
and full growth of the play, we may call properly the
Countertum, which destroys expectation.
To COUNTERVAIL, kdun-t&r-vale/ v. a. To be
equivalent to, to have equal force or value, to act a-
gainst with equal power.
COUNTERVAIL, k6&n-t&r-vale, s. Equal weight;
that which has equal weight or value.
COUNTERVIEW, kfl&n-t&r-vfc, s. Opposition, a pos-
ture in which two persons front each other; contrast.
To COUNTERWORK, k6un-t&r-w&rk,' ». a. u'o
counteract, to hinder by contrary operations.
COUNTESS, kSun-t£s, s. The lady of an earl or
count.
COUNTING-HOUSE, k5initing-h5use, s. The room
appropriated by _traders to their books and accounts.
Innumerable, with-
out number.
COUNTRY, kun£tr£, s. A tract of land, a region ;
rural parts ; the place of one's birth, the native soil ;
the inhabitants of any region.
COUNTRY, k&n-tr^, adj. Rustick, rural ; remote
from cities or courts; peculiar to a region or people j
rude, ignorant, untaught.
COUNTRYMAN, kfrn£tr£-man, s. 88. One born in
the same country ; a rustick, one that inhabits the ru-
ral parts; a farmer, a husbandman.
COUNTY, kounit^, s. A shire ; that is, a circuit or
portion of the realm, into which the whole land is di-
vided ; a count, a lord. Obsolete in this last sense.
COUPEE, k56-p££,' s. A motion in dancing.
COUPLE, k&pipl, s. 314. A chain or tie thai
holds dogs together ; two, a brace ; a male and his fe-
male— See To Codle.
To COUPLE, kfrpipl, v. a. 405. To chain toge-
ther ; to join to one another ; to marry, to wed.
To COUPLE, k&pipl, v. n. To join embraces.
COUPLE-BEGGAR, kupipl bdg &r, s. one that
makes it his business to marry beggars to each oihtr.
COUPLET, k&p-l^t, s. Two verses, a pair of
rhymes ; a pair, as of doves.
COURAGE, kurirldje, s. 90. Bravery, active forti
tude.
COURAGEOUS, k&r-ra-jd &s, a£: Brave, daring,
bold.
COURAGEOUSLY, k&r ra-j^-us-1^, adu. Bravely
stoutly, boldly.
COURAGEOUSNESS, k&r-ra-j^ frs-n£s, «. Bravery
appropriated by traders to the
COUNTLESS, koint-l£s, adj.
boldness, spirit, courage.
COURANT, k&r-rant,'
COURANTO, kur-ran^tA,
any thing that spreads quick, as a paper of news.
s. A nii: ble dance '
cou
122
CRA
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fat 81 — ml 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m&ve 164.
rally related more remotely than a brother or a sister;
a title given by the king to a nobleman, particularly to
those of the council.
COM', kAu, *. 323. The female of the bull.
To Cow, kiu, v. a. To depress with fear.
COW-HERD, kou-h£rd, i. One whose occupation is
to tend cows.
Cow-HOUSE, kSi-hoise, s. The house in which
kine are kept.
COW -LEECH, kA&'l^tsh, s. One who professes to
cure distempered cows.
COW- WEED, kAu-wdde, *. A species of chervil.
COW-WHEAT, kouiwhdte, s. A plant.
COWARD, kou-ird, s. 88. 323. A poltroon, a
wretch whose predominant passion is fear; it is some-
times used in the manner of an adjective.
COWARDICE, kAui&r-dls, *. 142. Fear, habitual
timidity, want of courage.
COWARDLINESS, k5u-urd-l£-n£s, 5. Timidity,
cowardice.
COWARDLY, kSfi-&rd-l£, adj. Fearful, timorous,
pusillanimous ; mean, befitting a coward.
COWARDLY, koi-5rd-l£, adv. In the manner of
a co ward.
To COWER, kou-&r, v. n. 223. To sink by bend-
ing the knees, to stoop, to shrink.
COWISH, kAu-lsh, adj. Timorous, fearful. Not us«d
COWKEEPER, kou-k£-p&r, s. One whose busines*
is to keep cows.
COWL, koul, s. 323. A monk's hood ; a vessel in
which water is carried on a pole between two.
COWL-STAFF, koul-staf, s. The staff on which a
vessel is supported between two men.
Cow-POCK, kAti-pSk, t. An eruption from the teati
of a cow, found to be a preservative from the small-pox.
COWSLIP, kou-sllp, *. Cowslip is also called pagil,
and is a species of primrose.
COXCOMB, kAksikome, s. The lop of the head ;
the comb resembling that of a cock, which licensed
fools wore formerly in their caps ; a flower ; a fop ; a
superficial pretender.
COXCOMBLT, k6ksikAm-li, adj. or adv. Con-
ceited ; like a coxcomb.
COXCOMBRY, k&ksikAm-r^, *. Foppishness.
COXCOMICAL, kAks-kAm^lk-al, adj. Foppish, con-
ceited.
COY, kA"£, adj. Modest, decent ; reserved, not ac-
cessible.
To COY, kte, v. n. 329. To behave with reserve,
to reject familiarity ; not to condescend willingly.
COYLY, kA&l£, ado. With reserve.
COYNESS, k5^-n5s, s. Reserve, unwillingness to
become familiar.
COZ, k&z, s. A cant or familiar word, contracted
from cousin.
To COZEN, k&z^zn, v. a. 159. 314. To cheat, to
trick, to defraud.
COZENAGE, kuz-zn-aje, $. 90. Fraud, deceit,
trick, cheat.
COZENER, k&zizn-fir, *. 98. A cheater, a de-
frauder.
CRAB, krab, s. A shell-fish ; a wild apple, the tree
that bears a wild apple; a peevish, morose person; a
wooden engine with three claws for launching of ships ;
a sign of the zodiack.
CRABBED, krabib£d, adj. 366. Peevish, morose ;
harsh, unpleasing ; difficult, perplexing.
CRABBEDLY, krab^b£d-l£, adv. Peevishly.
CRABBEDNESS, kribM)M-n£s, *. Sourness of taste ;
sourness of countenance, asperity of manners; diiii-
culty.
CRABER, kraMjfir, j. The water-rat.
CRABS-EYES, krabsUze, *. Small whitish bodies
found in the common crawfish, resembling the eye;, of
a crab.
CRACK, krak, j. A sudden disruption; chink,
To COUBB, kCArb, v. n. To bend, to bow. Obso-
lete.
COURIER, k&A-rWr,' J. 259. A messenger sent in
haste.
ft^- This word is perfectly French, and often makes a
plain Englishman the object of laughter to the polite
world, by pronouncing it like Currier, a dresser of lea-
ther.
COURSE, kArse, s. 318. Race, career; passage,
from place to place ; tilt, act of running in the lists ;
ground on which a race is run ; track or line in which
a ship sails; sails, means by which the course is per-
formed ; order of succession ; series of successive and
methodical procedure ; the elements of an art exhibit-
ed and explained in a methodical series ; method of
life, train of actions ; natural bent, uncontrolled will ;
catamenia; number of dishes set on at once upon the
table ; empty form.
To COURSE, kArse, w. a. To hunt, to pursue ; to
pursue with dogs that hunt in view; to put to speed,
to force to run.
To COURSE, kArse, v. n. To run, to rove about.
COURSER, kAr^s&r, s. A swift horse, a war horse ;
one who pursues the sport of coursing hares.
COURT, kArte, *. 318. The place where the prince
resides, the palace ; the hall or chamber where justice
is administered ; open space before a house ; a small
opening enclosed with houses and paved with broad
stones ; persons who compose the retinue of a prince ;
persons who are assembled for the administration of
justice; any jurisdiction, military, civil, or ecclesiasti-
cal ; the art of pleasing, the art of insinuation.
To COURT, kArte, v. a. To woo, to solicit a wo-
man ; to solicit, to seek ; to flatter, to endeavour to
please.
COURT-CHAPLAIN, korte-tship-lln, s. One who
attends the king to celebrate the holy offices.
COURT- DAY, kArte-da/ s. Day on which justice is
solemnly administered.
COURT FAVOUR, kArte-fa-vir, j. Favours or be-
nefits bestowed by princes.
COURT HAND, kArteihand, *. The hand or man-
ner of writing used in records and judicial proceed-
ings.
COURT-LADY, kArte-laidi, s. A lady conversant in
court.
COURTEOUS, kfiritshi-is, adj. 314. Elegant of
manners, well-bred.
COURTEOUSLY, kftritsh<*-us-l£, adv. Respectfully,
civilly, complaisantly.
COURTEOUSNESS, kirJ-tshd-is-ngs, s. Civility,
complaisance.
COURTESAN, 7i *. ^i * ,
n>' •• 523. A woman of
COURTEZAN,
the town; a prostitute, a strumpet.
COURTESY, k&rit^-s^, s. Elegance of manners, ci-
vility, complaisance ; an act of civility or respect ; a
tenure, not of right, but by the favour of others.
COURTESY, k6rt^s£, i. The reverence made by wo-
men.
fcj- This word, when it signifies an act of reverence, is
not only deprived of one of its syllables by all speakers,
but by the vulgar has its last syllable changed into che or
Uhe, as if written curt-the ; this impropriety, however,
seems daily to lose ground even among the lower orders
of the people, who begin to restore the * to its pure
sound.
To COURTESY, k&rt^, v. n. To perform an act
of reverence ; to make a reverence in the manner ol
ladies.
COURTIER, kArteiyfir, s. 1 1 3. One that frequents
or attends the courts of princes ; one that courts or so-
licits the favour of another.
COURTLIKE, kArte-like, adj. Elegant, polite.
COURTLINESS, kArtil^-n6s, s. Elegance of man-
ners, complaisance, civility.
COURTLY, kArte^li, adj. Relating or appertaining
to the court, elegant, soft, flattering.
COURTSHIP, kArte^shlp, j. The act of soliciting
favour ; the solicitation of a woman to marriage.
COUSIN, kAz^zn, s. 314. 159. Any one collate-
CRA
123
CRE
167, n&t 163— t&be 171, tfib 172, bull 173— Sll 299 — p5ind 313— thin 466 — THis 469.
fissure, narrow breach ; the sound of any body bursting
or falling; any sudden and quick sound ; any breach,
Injury, or diminution, a flaw ; craziness of intellect ;
a man crazed ; a whore ; a boast ; a boaster. These
last are low and vulgar uses of the word.
To CRACK, krak, v. a. To break into chinks ; to
break, to split ; to do any thing with quickness or
smartness ; to break or destroy any thing ; to craze,
to weaken the intellect.
To CRACK, krak, v. n. To burst, to open in chinks ;
to fall to ruin ; to utter a loud and sudden sound ; to
boast, with Of.
CRACK-BRAINED, krak-brand,' adj. 359. Crazy,
without right reason.
CRACK-HEMP, krak-hSmp, s. A wretch fated to
the gallows. A low word.
CRACKER, krak^ur, s. A noisy boasting fellow ; a
quantity of gunpowder confined so as to burst with
great noise.
To CRACKLE, krakikl, v. n. 4O5. To make slight
cracks, to make small and frequent sharp sounds.
CRADLE, kra-dl, s. 405. A moveable bed, on which
children or sick persons are agitated with a smooth
motion ; infancy, or the first part of life ; with surgeons,
* a case for a broken bone ; with shipwrights, a frame of
timber raised along the outside of a ship.
To CRADLE, kra-dl, v. a. To lay in a cradle.
CRADLE-CLOTHES, kraidl-klAze, s. Bedclothes
belonging to a cradle.
CRAFT, kraft, s. 79. Manual art, trade ; fraud,
cunning ; small sailing vessels.
To CRAFT, kraft, v. n. To play tricks. Obsolete.
CRAFTILY, kraf£t<U£, adv. Cunningly, artfully.
CRAFTINESS, kra£t£-n£s, s. Cunning, stratagem.
CRAFTSMAN, krafts^man, *. An artificer, a manu-
facturer.
CRAFTSMASTER, krafts-mas-tur, s. A man skill-
ed in his trade.
CRAFTY, kra£t£, adj. Cunning, artful.
CRAG, krag, s. A rough steep rock ; the rugged
protuberances of rocks; the neck.
CRAGGED, krag-g£d, adj. 366. Full of inequali-
ties and prominences.
CRAGGEDNESS, krag-g£d n£s, s. Fulness of crags
or prominent rocks.
CRAGGINESS, krag-g£-n£s, s. The state of being
craggy.
CRAGGY, krag-ge, adj. 383. Rugged, full of pro.
minences, rough.
To CRAM, kram, v. a. To stuff, to fill with more
than can conveniently be helil ; to fill with food be-
yond satiety ; to thrust in by force.
To CRAM, kram, v. n. To cat beyond satiety.
CRAMBO, kram-b6, s. A play in which one gives
a word, to which another finds a rhyme.
CRAMP, kramp, s. A spasm or contraction of the
limbs; a restriction, a confinement; a piece of iron
bent at each end, by which two bodies are held to-
gether.
CRAMP, kramp, adj. Difficult, knotty, a low term.
To CRAMP, kramp, v. a. To pain with cramps or
twitches ; to restrain, to confine ; to bind with cramp-
irons.
CRAMP-FISH, krampiflsh, s. The torpedo, which
benumbs the hands of those that touch it.
CRAMPIRON, krampU-urn, 5 — See Cramp.
CRANAGE, kra-nldje, s. 90. A liberty to use a
crane for drawing up wares from the vessel.
CRANE, krane, s. A bird with a long beak ; an
instrument made with ropes, pulleys, and hooks, by
which great weights are raised ; acrooked pipe for draw-
ing liquors out of a cask.
CRANE'S BILL, kranz-bll, s. An herb ; a pair of
pincers terminating in a point, used by surgeons.
CRANIUM, krain^-frm, s. 507. The scull.
CRANK, krangk, i. 408. A crank is the end of an
iron axis turned square down, and again turned square
to the h'rjt turning down ; any bending or winding pas-
sage; any conceit formed by twisting or changing a
word.
CRANK, krangk, adj. Healthy, sprightly ; among
sailors, a ship is said to be crank when loaded near to
be overset.
To CRANKLE, krang-kl, v. n. 405. To run in
and out.
To CRANKLE, krang-kl, v. a. To break into un-
equal surfaces.
CRANKNESS, krangk-n£s, s. Health, vigour ; dis-
position to overset.
CRANNIED, kran-ne-£d, adj. Full of chinks or
crevices.
CRANNY, kran-ne, s. A chink, a cleft, a crevice.
CRAPE, krape, s. A thin stuff loosely woven.
To CRASH, krash, v. n. To make a loud complicat-
ed noise, as of many things falling.
To CRASH, krash, v. a. To break, to bruise.
CRASH, krash, s. A loud mixed sound.
CRASS, kras, adj. Gross, coarse, not subtile.
CRASSITUDE, kras£s&-tude, s. Crossness, coarseness.
CRASTINATION, kras-t^-naish&n, s. Delay.
CRATCH, kratsh, 5. The pallisaded frame in which
hay is put for cattle.
CRAVAT, kra-vat/ s. A neckcloth.
$5- Dr. .Johnson tells us this word is of uncertain ety-
mology. It is certain, however, that it comes from the
French ; and Menage tells us, it arose among them from
the Croats, who being in alliance with France against
the Emperor, came to Paris, and were remarked for the
linen they wore about their necks. This soon became a
fashion, and was called after the original wearers Croat,
which, by a small alteration, became Cravat. This word
is sometimes, but improperly, pronounced with the ac-
cent on the first syllable. This pronunciation is adopted
only by Dr. Ash and Buchan.in, while Dr. Johnson, Mr.
Elphinston, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, W.
Johnston, Kenrick, Entick, and Baiiey, are uniformly
for the accent on the last syllable.
To CHAVE, krave, v. a. To ask with earnestness,
to ask with submission ; to ask insatiably ; to long, to
wish unreasonably ; to call for impoitunately.
CRAVEN, kra-vn, *. 103. A cock conquered and
dispirited ; a coward, a recreant.
To CRAVEN, kra-vn, v. a. To make recreant or
cowardly.
To CRAUNCH, krantsh, v. a. 214. To crush in
the mouth.
CRAW, kraw, s. The crop or first stomach of birds.
CRAWFISH, krawif Ish, s. A small shell-fish found
in brooks.
To CRAWL, krawl, v. n. To creep, to move with
a slow motion; to move without rising from the
ground, as a worm ; to move weakly and slowly.
CRAWLER, kraw^lur, s. A creeper, any thing that
creeps.
CRAYFISH, kraw^flsh, s. The river lobster. — See
CRAYON, kraifin, s. A kind of pencil, -a roll o/
paste to draw lines with ; a drawing done with a era) un.
To CRAZE, kraze, v. a. To break, to crush, to
weaken ; to crack the brain, to impair the intellect.
CRAZEDNESS, kraiz£d-n<5s, s. 365. Decrepitude,
brokenness.
CRAZINESS, kra-z£-n£s, s. State of being crazy,
imbecility, weakness.
CRAZY, kra-ze, adj. Broken, decrepit; broken-
wilted, shattered in the intellect ; weak, shattered.
To CREAK, kr£ke, v. n. To make a harsh noise.
CREAM, kr£me, s. The unctuous or oily part of
milk.
To CREAM, kr£me, t>. n. To gather cream ; to
mantle or froth.
CREAM-FACED, kr£me-faste, adj. Pale, coward-
looking.
CREAMY, kre£m£, adj. Full of cream.
CREASE, kr^se, s. 427. A mark made by doubling
any thing.
CRE 124. CHI
559. File 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81— m^ 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107— nil 62, m5ve 164,
thing, to cause to exist ; to pn
occasion of; to beget; to in
To CREASE, kr^se, v . a. To mark any thing by
doubling it, so as to leave the impression.
'o CREATE, kre ate,' v. a. To form out of no-
oduce, to cause, to be the
vest with any new cha-
CREATION, kre-a-sh&n, s. The act of creating or
conferring existence; the act of investing with new
character; the things created, the universe ; any tiling
produced, or caused.
CREATIVE, kr£-a-tlv, adj. 157. Having the power
to create ; exerting the act of creation.
CREATOR, kr£ a-tir, s. 166. The being that be-
stows existence.
CREATURE, kr^tshi*ire, *. 461, 462.
A being
created ; an animal not human ; a word of contempt
for a human being ; a word of petty tenderness ; a per-
son who owes his rise or his fortune to another.
CREATURELY, kr&tshire-ld, adj. Having the
qualities of a creature,
CREDENCE, kr£-d£nse, *. Belief, credit; that
which gives a claim to credit or belief.
CREDENDA, kr£-d£n-dA, s. 92. Lot. Things to be
believed, articles of faith.
CREDENT, kr£-d£nt, adj. Believing, easy of be-
lief; having credit, not to be questioned.
CREDENTIAL, krd-d£n^sbal, s. That which gives
a title to credit
CREDIBILITY, kr£d-£-l)il'e-t£, .«. Claim to credit,
possibility of obtaining belief, probability.
CREDIBLE, kr^d^-bl, culj. 4O5. Worthy of cred-
it; having a ju-t claim to belief.
CREDIBLENESS, kr5d-«i-bl-n£s, s. Credibility, wor-
thiness of belief, just claim to belief.
CREDIBLY, kr§d^-b!4, atlv. In a manner that
claims belief.
CREDIT, kr3d-lt, i. Belief; honour, reputation,
good opinion ; faith, testimony , trust reposed ; promise
given; influence, power, not compulsive.
To CREDIT, krgd^lt, v. a. To believe ; to pro-
cure credit or honour to any thing ; to trust, to confide
in ; to admit as a debtor.
CREDITABLE, kr£d-lt-a-bl, adj. Reputable, above
contempt; estimable.
CREDITABLENESS, kr§d-lt-a-bl-n£s, s.
tion, estimation
Reputa-
CREDITABLY, kr£d-lt-a-ble, adv. Reputably, with-
out disgrace.
CREDITOR, krldiit-ftr, s. 1 66. He to whom a
debt is owed, he that gives credit, correlative to debt-
or.
CREDULITY, fcr^-diMe-te, s. Easiness of belief.
CREDULOUS, kr&Uji-His, adj. 367. 293. Apt to
believe, unsuspecting, easily deceived.
CREDULOUSNESS, kr^dijti l&s-n&, s. Aptness to
believe, credulity.
CREED, krWd, s. A form of words in which the
articles of faith are comprehended ; any solemn pro-
fession of principles or opinion.
To CREEK, kreik, v. a. To make a harsh noise.
CREEK, knielk, s. 246. A prominence or jut in a
winding coast ; a small port, a bay, a cove.
CREEKY, kr&-k£, adj. Full of creeks, unequal,
winding.
To CREEP, krWp, v. n. 246. To move -with the
bcHy to the ground without legs; to grow along the
ground, or on other supports; to move forward with-
out bounds or leaps, as insects ; to move slowly and
feebly ; to move timorously, without soaring, or ven-
turing ; to behave with servility, to fawn, to bend.
CREEPER, kr<l&p6r, s. 98. A plant that supports
itse'f by means of some stronger body ; an iron used to
slide along the grate in kitchens; a kind of patten or
clog worn by women.
CREEPHOLE, kr&pMi&le, s. A hole into which
any animal may creep to escape danger ; a subterfuce
»n excuse.
CREEPINGLY, kr^piing-W, adv. Slowly, after
the manner of a reptile.
To CREPITATE, kr£p^-tate, v. n. 91. To make
a small crackling noise.
CREPITATION, krep-^-ta-sh&n, j. A small crack,
ling noise.
CREPT, kr5pt Part from Creep.
CREPUSCULE, kr^-p&s-kdile, $. Twilight.
CREPUSCULOUS, kr£-pfrs-k(i-l&s, adj. Glimmer-
ing, in a state between light and darkness.
CRESCENT, kr£s-s£nt, adj. Increasing, growing.
CRESCENT, kr£s^s£nt, S. The moon in her state ol
increase ; any similitude of the moon increasing.
CRESCIVE, kres^siv, adj. 158. Increasing, grow-
ing.
CRESS, kres, *. An herb.
CRESSET, kr£si-s£t, s. 99. A great light ret upon a
beacon, light-house, or watch-tower.
CREST, krest, *. The plume of feathers on the top
of the helmet ; the ornament of the helmet in heral-
dry; any tuft or ornament of the head; pride, spirit,
fire.
CRESTED, krSs^tld, adj. Adorned with a plume or
crest ; wearing a comb.
CREST-FALLEN, kr&tifiln, adj. Dejected, sunk,
heartless, spiritless.
CRESTLESS, kr5st£l£s, adj. Not dignified with
coat armour.
CRETACEOUS, kr^-ta^sh&s, adj. Abounding with
chalk, chalky.
CRETATED, kr£-ta-t£d, adj. Rubbed with chalk.
CREVICE, kr^v-ls, *. 140. A crack, a cleft.
CREW, kr5&, s. 339. A company of people asso-
ciated for any purpose; the company of a ship. It
is now generally used in a bad sense.
The preterit of Crow.
*. 99. Yarn twisted and wound
CHEW, kr65.
CREWEL,
on a knot or ball.
CRIB, krib, S. The rack or manger of a stable ;
the stall or cabin of an ox ; a small habitation, a cot-
tage.
To CRIB, krlb, v. a. To shut up in a narrow ha-
bitation, to cage ; to steal. A low phrase.
CRIBBAGE, kriW>Idje. s. 90. A game at cards.
CRIBRATION, krl-braish&n, s. 123. The act of
sifting.
CRICK, krlk, *. The noise of a door ; a painful
stiffness in the neck.
CRICKET, krlkiklt, s. 99. An insect that squeaks
or chirps about ovens and fire-places ; a sport, at which
the contenders drive a ball with sticks ; a low seat or
stool.
CRIER, krlifrr, s. 98. The officer whose business
is to cry or make proclamation.
CRIME, krime, s. An act contrary to right ; an of-
fence, a great fault
CRIMKFUL, krime-ful, adj. Wicked, criminal.
CRIMELESS, krlmeil&, adj. innocent, without
crime.
CRIMINAL, krlm-4-nil, adj. 88. Faulty, contrary
to right, contrary to duty; guilty, tainted with crime ;
not civil, as, a criminal prosecution.
CRIMINAL, krlm^-n&l, *. A man accused of a
crime ; a man guilty of a crime.
CRIMINALLY, krlm^-nM-l<i, adv. Wickedly, guil.
tily.
CfiBlINALNESfi, krlm£d-nal-n£s, s. Guiltiness.
CRIMINATION, krlm-^-naishSm, s. The act of ac-
cusing, arraignment, charge.
CRIMINATORY, krlm^-na-t&r-r£, adj. 512. Re-
lating to accusation, accusing.
CRIMTNOUS, krlni^-nfis, adj. Wicked, iniquitous.
CRIMINOUSLY,
^, adv. Very wickedly.
CRIMINOUSNESS, krlm£^-n&s-n6s, s. Wickedness,
guilt, crime.
CRIMP, krimp, adj. Crisp, brittle, easily crum-
bled.
CRO
125
CRO
n5r 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 173, bull 173 — 611 299 — pfl&nd 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
To CftlMPLE, krlm-pl, v. a. 405. To contract, to
cause to shrink, to curl.
CRIMSON, krlm-zn, s. 170. Red, somewhat darken-
ed with blue ; red in general.
To CRIMSON, krlm-zn, v. a. To dye with crim-
son.
CRINCUM, krlngk-um, s. A cramp, whimsy. A
cant word.
CRINGE, krlnje, S. Bow, servile civility,
To CRINGE, krlnje, v. a.
contract. Little used.
To tlraw together, to
To CRINGE, krlnje, t>. n. To bow, to pay court,
to fawn, to flatter.
CRINIGEROUS, krl-nld-jd-r&s, adj. 123. Hairy,
overgrown with hair.
CR1NITE, kri-nlte, adj. 140. 154. Seemingly hav-
ing a tail of long hair.
To CRINKLE, krlng-kl, v. n. To go in and out,
to run in flexures. Obsolete.
CRINOSE, krl-nAse/ adj. Hairy, full of hair. See
Appendix.
CRIPPLE, krlp-pl, s. 4O5. A lame man.
To CRIPPLE, krlpipl, v. a. To lame, to make
lame.
CRIPPLENESS, krlp-pl-n£s, s. Lameness.
CRISIS, krl-sls, *. The point in which the disease
kills, or changes to the better; the point of time at
which any affair comes to the height.
CRISP, krlsp, adj. Curled j indented, winding;
brittle, friable.
To CRISP, krlsp, v. a. To curl, to contract into
knots; to twist; to indent; to run in and out.
CuiSPATlON, krls-pa-shftn, s. The act of curling ;
the state of being curled.
CRISPING-PIN, krls-plng-pln, s. A curling iron.
CRISPNESS, krlsp-n£s, s. Curledness.
CRISPY, krls-p^, adj- Curled.
CRITERION, krl-t£-re-&n, s. 123. A mark by
which any thing is judged of, with regard to its good-
ness or badness.
&5" The plural of this word, like phenomena and a few
others, seems to be established by the prevailing propen-
sity of appearing learned in Greek and Latin ; ana an
Englishman who should, in the simplicity of his heart,
write or pronounce criterion* for criteria, would be piti-
ed or despised. Till lately, however, there was a reluc-
tance at offending our own analogy ; and though criteria
was used, it was generally shown to be an alien by print-
ing it in a different character; but pedantry has at last so
far prevailed as to associate it without distinction, and by
tliis means to add to the disgraces of our language.
CRITICK, krlt-lk, s. A man skilled in the art of
judging of literature ; a censurer, a man apt to mid
fault.
CRITICK, krlt-lk, adj. Critical, relating to criti-
cism.
CRITICK, krlt£lk, s. A critical examination, critical
remarks; science of criticism.
CRITICAL, krlt-i-k&l, adj. Exact, nicely judici-
ous, accurate ; relating to criticism ; captious, inclined
to find fault; comprising the time at which a great e-
vent is determined.
CRITICALLY, krit^-klll e, adv. In a critical man-
ner, exactly, curiously.
CRITICALNESS, krltU-kil-n^s, j. Exactness, ac-
curacy.
To CRITICISE, krlt'e-slze, v. n. 1 53. To play the
critick, to judge ; to animadvert upon as faulty.
To CRITICISE, krit^-size, v. a. To censure, to
pass judgment upon.
CRITICISM, krlt^-slzm, s. Criticism is a standard
of judging well ; remark, animadversion, critical ob-
servations.
To CROAK, krAke, v. n. To make a hoarse low
noise like a frog ; to caw or cry as a raven or crow.
CKOAK, krAke, S. The cry or voice of a frog or
CROCK, krfik, *. A cup, any vessel made of earth.
CROCKERY, kr&k£&r-£, s. 555. Earthen ware.
CROCODILE, krokiA-dll, s. 145. An amphibioiu
voracious animal, in shape resembling a lizard, antl
found in Egypt and the Indies.
r. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston,
and Perry, make the t in the last syllable short, as I have
done; and Buchanan is the only one who makes it
long.
CROCUS, krA^kfis, s. An early flower.
CROFT, kr5ft, s. A little close joining to a house,
that is used for corn or pasture.
CROISADE, kr6£-sad,' s. A holy war. — See Cru-
sade.
CROISES, kr5£-s£z, s. Pilgrims who carry a cross ;
soldiers who fight against infidels.
CRONE, krone, s. An old ewe ; in contempt, an.
old woman.
CRONY, krAin£, s. An old acquaintance.
CROOK, kr$6k, s. Any crooked or bent instrument ;
a sheep-hook ; any thing bent.
To CROOK, kr66k, v. a. To bend, to turn into a
hook ; to pervert from rectitude.
CROOKBACK, kr66k-b£k, s. A man that has gib-
bous shoulders.
CROOKBACKED, krudk-b£kt, adj. 359. Having
bent shoulders.
CROOKED, kr66ki^d, adj. 366. Bent, not straight,
curved; winding, oblique; perverse, untoward, with-
out rectitude of mind.
CROOKEDLY, kr6Ak-£d-le, adv. Not in a straight
line; untowardly, not compliantly.
CROOKEDNESS, kr66k^d-nds, s. Deviation from
straightness, curvity ; deformity, of a gibbous body.
CROP, kr5p, S. The craw of a bird,
CROPFULL, kr&pifil, adj. Satiated, with a full
belly.
CllOPSICK, krip-slk, adj. Sick with excess and de-
bauchery.
CROP, kr5p, s. The harvest, the corn gathered off
the field, any thing cut off.
To CROP, kr&p, v. a. To cut off the ends of any
thing, to mow, to reap ; to cut off the ears,
To CHOP, kr&p, v. n. To yield harvest. Not
used.
CROPPER, krSp-puT, s. A kind of pigeon with a
large crop.
CROSIEE, krAizhe-gr, j. 451. 453. The pastora.
99. A small cross.
One straight body laid at right
„--.
staff of a bishop.
CROSLET, kr6s-
CROSS, kr5s, s.
angles over another ; the ensign of the Christian re-
ligion ; a monument with a cross upon it to excite de-
votion, such as were anciently set in market places ; a
line drawn through another ; any thing that thwarts or
obstructs, misfortune, hinderance, vexation, opposi-
tion, misadventure, trial of patience; money so called,
because marked with a cross.
CROSS, kr&S, adj. Transverse, falling athwart some-
thing else; adverse, opposite; perverse, untractable;
peevish, fretful, ill-humoured ; contrary, contradictory ;
contrary to wish, unfortunate.
CROSS, kr5s, prep. Athwart, so as to intersect any
thing; over, from side to side.
To CROSS, kr5s, v. a. To lay one body, or draw-
one line athwart ansther; to sign with the cross; to
mark out, to cancel, as, to cross an article; to pas*
over; to thwart, to interpose obstruction; to counter-
act ; to contravene, to hinder by authority ; to contra-
dict; to be inconsistent.
CROSS-BAR-SHOT, krisibUr sh&t, *. A round
shot, a great bullet, with a bar of iron put through it.
To CROSS-EXAMINE, kros^gz-ini-in, v. a. To
try the faith of evidence by captious questions of the
contrary party.
CROSS- STAFF, kr5s-stAf, s. An instrument com-
monly called the fore-staff, used by seamen to take th»
meridian altitude of the sun or stars.
j. A deception, a chuoU.
CRO
126
CRU
& 559. Fate 73, fir 77, till 83, fat 81 — in £93, mSt 35— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, m6»e 164,
To CaOSSBlTE, kr&s^blte, v. a. To contravene by
deception.
CROSS-BOW, kris-bA, *. A missive weapon formed
by placing a bow athwart a stock.
CROSSGRAINED, kr6s-grand/ adj. 359. Having
the fibres transverse or irregular ; perverse, trouble-
some, vexatious.
CROSSLY, krisMi, adv. Athwart, so as to intersect
something else ; oppositely, adversely, in opposition
to ; unfortunately.
CROSSNESS, kris-n5s, *. Transversenes*, intersec-
tion ; perverseness, peevishness.
CHOSSROW, kris-ri,' s. Alphabet, so named because
a cross is placed at the beginning, to show that the end
of learning is piety.
CROSSWIND, kr&siwlnd, s. Wind blowing from
the right or left.— See Wind.
CROSSWAY, krfts-wa, s. A small obscure path in-
tersecting the chief road.
CROSSWORT, krSs^wfrrt, s. 166. A plant.
CROTCH, krfitsh, s. A hook.
CROTCHET, krfttsb.i£t, s. 99. In musick, one of
the notes or characters of time, equal to half a minim ;
* a piece of wood fitted into another to support a build-
ing ; in printing, hooks in which words are included
Ltnus] ; a perverse conceit, an odd fancy.
TJ CROUCH, krSitsh, v. n. 3 1 3. To stoop low, to
lie close to the ground ; to fawn, to bend servilely.
GROUP, krA&p, s. 315. The rump of a fowlj the
buttocks of ahorse.
CROUPADES, kr66-padz/ s. Are higher leaps than
those of curvets.
Ciiow, kr6, j. 324. A large bUek bird that feeds
upon the carcasses of beasts ; a piece of iron used as a
lever ; the voice of a cock, or the noise which be makes
in his gaiety.
CROWFOOT, krWit, $. A flower.
To CROW, kr6, v. n. Fret. Crew or Crowed. To
make the noise which a cock makes ; to boast, to bully,
to vapour.
CROWD, kr6ud, s. 323. A multitude confusedly
pressed together ; a promiscuous medley ; the vulgar,
the populace ; a fiddle.
To CROWD, kroid, v. a. To fiH with confused
multitudes ; to press close together ; to incumber by
multitudes; To crowd sail, a sea phrase, to spread wide
the sails upon the yards.
To CROWD, krofid, v. n. To swarm, to be numer-
ous and confused ; to thrust among a multitude.
CHOWDER, krS&id&r, s. A fiddler.
CROWKEEPER, kr&kti-pir, s. A scarecrow,
CROWN, krifin, s. 324. The ornament of the head
which denotes imperial and regal dignity ; a garland ;
a reward, honorary distinction ; regal power, royalty ;
the top of the head ; the top of any tiling, as of a moun-
tain ; part of the hat that covers the head ; a piece ol
money ; honour, ornament, decoration ; completion,
accomplishment.
CROWN-IMPERIAL, kr<5dn-im-p£ir£-il, s. A plant
To CROWN, krSun, v. a. To invest with the crown
or regal ornament ; to cover, as with a crown ; to dig
nify, to adorn, to make illustrious j to reward, to re-
compense j to complete, to perfect ; to terminate, to
finish.
CROWNGLABS, krSftn-glas, s. The finest sort o
window glass.
CROWN-POST, krdinip6st, s. A post, which, in
some buildings, stands upright in the middle, between
two principal rafters.
CROWNSCAB, krStln-skab, S. A stinking filthy scab
round a horse's hoof.
CROWNWHEEL, krS&niwh&le, s. The upper whee
of a watch.
CROWNWORKS, krS&niw'irks, s. In fortification
bulwarks advanced towards the field to gain some hil
or rising ground.
CRQWNET, kr65n^t, j. The same with coronet
chief end, last purpose.
CHOYLSTONE, krollistAne, s. Crystallized cauk,
CRUCIAL, kr6o-sh£-al, adj. 357. Transverse, in-
tersecting one another.
To CRUCIATE, kr66^she-ate, v. a. To torture, to
torment, Uvexeruciate.
RUCIBLE, kr66^s£-ljl, *. A chymist's melting-iiot
made of earth.
^RUCIFEHOUS, kr66-slfi<*-r&s. adj. 518. Bearing
the cross.
RUCIFIER, kr66-s£-fl &r, j. He that inflicts the
punishment of crucifixion.
RUCIFIX, kr66^s£-flks, s. A representation in
picture or statuary of our Lord's passion.
CRUCIFIXION, kr66-s£-flkishan, s. The pnnUh-
ment of nailing to a cross.
RUCIFORSI, kr65is£-f<Jrm, adj. Having the form
of across.
To CRUCIFY, kr55£s£-fi, v. a. 183- To put to
death by nailing the hands and feet to a cross set up-
right.
CRUDE, kr55d, adj. 339. Raw, not subdued by
fire ; not changed by any process or preparation ; harsh,
unripe; unconnected; not well digested ; not brought
to perfection, immature ; having indigested notions.
CRUDELY, kr66d-li, adv. Unripely, without du«
preparation.
CRUDENESS, kr66d-n£s, s. Unripeness, indigestion.
CRUDITY, kr66M£-t£, s. Indigestion, inconcoction,
unripeness, want of maturity.
CRUEL, kr66i.ll, adj. 339. 99. Pleased with hurt-
ing others, inhuman, hard-hearted, barbarous, bloody,
mischievous, destructive.
CRUELLY, kr66-ll 1£, ado. In a cruel manner,
inhumanly, barbarously.
CRUELNESS, kr66£ll-n£s, s. Inhumanity, cruelty.
CRUELTY, kr66-ll-t£, *. Inhumanity, savagencss,
barbarity.
CRUENTATE, kr66^n-tate, adj. 91. Smeared with
blood.
CRUET, kr66-lt, S. 99. A phial for vinegar or oil.
CRUISE, kr66s, s. 339. A small cup.
CRUISE, kr66z, s. A voyage in search of plunder.
To CRUISE, kr66z, v. n. 441. To rove over the
sea in search of plunder ; to wander on the sea without
any certain course.
CRUISER, kr66iz6r, s. One that roves upon the sea
in search of plunder.
L. 1 ' I krfim, s. The soft part of bread, not the
CRUMB, S
crust; a small particle or fragment of bread.
To CRUMBLE, kr&mibl, v. a. 4O5. To break into
small pieces, to comminute.
To CRUMBLE, krfrm-bl, v. n. To fall into small
pieces.
CRUMMY, kr&m-mi, adj. Soft.
CRUMP, krfrmp, adj. Crooked in the back.
To CRUMPLE, kr&mipl, v. a. To draw into wrin-
kles.
CRUMPLING, krimpMlng, *. A small degenerate
apple.
CRUPPER, krfipip&r, 5. 98. That part of the horse'*
furniture that reaches from the saddle to the tail.
CRURAL, kr66-ral, adj. Belonging to the leg.
CRUSADE, kr66-sade,'
CRUSADO, kr66-sa-d6
the infidels ; a coin stamped with a cross.
CRUSET, kr66£slt, s. 99. A goldsmith's melting
pot.
To CRUSH, kr&sb, v. a. To press between two op-
posite bodies, to squeeze ; to press with violence ; to
overwhelm, to beat down ; to subdue, to depress, to
dispirit.
CRUSH, kr&sh, *. A collision.
CRUST, krfrst, s. Any shell, or external coat ; an
incrustation, collection of matter into a hard body ; the
case of a pic nude of meal, and baked ; the outer hard
part of bread ; a waste piece of bread.
s. An expedition against
CUB m CUD
nit 167, n&t 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bull 173—611 299 — pSund 313— t/i'm 466 — THis 469.
To CRUST, kr&st, v. a. To envelop, to cover with
a hard case ; to foul with concretions.
To CRUST, kr&st, v. n. To gather or contract a
crust.
CRUSTACEOUS, kr&s-taish&s, s. 357. Shelly, with
joints ; not testaceous.
CRUSTACEOUSNESS, kr&s-ta-sh&s-u3s, 5. The
quality of having jointed shells.
CRUSTILY, kr&s-t£-lt^, adv. Peevishly, snappishly.
CRUSTINESS, kr&s-td n3s, s. The quality of a
crust ; peevishness, morosencss.
CRUSTY, kr&sit^, adj. Covered with a crust ; sturdy,
morose, snappish.
CRUTCH, krutsh, s. A support used by cripples.
To CRUTCH, kr&tsh, v. a. To support on crutches
as a cripple.
To CRY, krl, v. n. So speak with vehemence and
loudness ; to call importunately ; to proclaim, to make
jiublick ; to exclaim ; to utter lamentation ; to squall,
as an infant; to weep, to shed tears, to utter an inar-
ticulate voice, as an animal ; to yelp, as a hound on a
scent
To CRY, krl, v. a. To proclaim publickly some-
thing lost or found.
To CRY DOWN, krl d<S&n,' v. a. To blame, to de-
preciate, to decry ; to prohibit ; to overbear.
To CRY OUT, kri 5ut,' v. n. To exclaim, to scream,
to clamour; to complain loudly; to blame, to censure;
to declare aloud ; to be in labour.
To CRY UP, krl &p,' v. a. To applaud, to exalt,
to praise ; to raise the price by proclamation.
CRY, krl, s. Lamenting, shriek, scream ; weeping,
mourning ; clamour, outcry ; exclamation of triumph
or wonder ; proclamation ; the hawkers' proclamation
of wares, as the cries of London ; acclamation, popular
favour; voice, utterance, manner of vocal expression ;
importunate call; yelping of dogs; yell, inarticulate
noise ; a pack of dogs.
CRYAL, krKal, s. The heron.
CRYER, kri'&r, s. 166. The falcon gentle.
CUYPTICAL, krip-tt*-kal, J
CRYPTICK, krlpiUk, J
occult.
CRYPTICALLY, krlpit<*-kal l£, adv. Occultly, se-
cretly.
CRYPTOGRAPHY, krlp-t5gigra-f£, *. 518. The
act of writing secret characters; secret characters, ci-
phers.
CRYPTOLOGY, krlp-tolUA-j£, s, 518. ^Enigmati-
cal language.
CRYSTAL, krls-tal, *. Crystals are hard, pellucid,
and naturally colourless bodies, of regularly angular
figures ; Crystal is also used for a factitious body cast
iu the glass-houses, called also crystal glass, which is
carried to a degree of perfection beyond the common
glass ; Crystals, in chymistry, express salts or other
matters shot or congealed in manner of crystal.
CRYSTAL, krls-tal, adj. Consisting of crystal ;
bright, clear, transparent ; lucid, pellucid.
CRYSTALLINE, \ gjgjf | adj. 148. 149
Consisting of crystal ; bright, clear, pellucid, transpa-
rent.
CRYSTALLINE HUMOUR, krlsital-llne, or krlsi
tal-Hn-ft-m&r, s. The second humour of the eye,
that lies immediately next to the aqueous, behind the
uvca.
CRYSTALLIZATION, krls-tal-l^-zi-sh&n, s. Con-
gelation into crystals. The mass formed by congela-
tion or concretion.
To CRYSTALLIZE, krls^til-llze, v. a. To cause
to congeal or concrete in crystals.
To CRYSTALLIZE, krls-tal-llze, v. n. 159. To
coagulate, congeal, concrete, or shoot into crystals.
CUB, kut), s. The young of a beast, generally of a
bear or fox ; the young of a whale ; in reproach, a bov
or girl.
2b CUB, k5b, v. a. To bring forth. Little iued.
H*lden' socret>
CUBATION, kil-baish&n, s. The act of lying down.
CUBATORY, k&-ba-t&r-£, adj. 512. Recumbent.
CUBATURE, k&-ba-tshure, s. 461. The finding
exactly the solid content of any proposed body.
CUBE, k&be, *. A regular solid body, consisting of
six square and equal faces or sides, and the angles all
right, and therefore equal.
CUBE ROOT, k&be-roSt, 7
CUBICK ROOT, kWblk-r&5t, ys'
cubick number, or a number by the multiplicatinn
of which into itself, and again into the product, any
given number is formed. Thus two is the cube root
of eight
CUBICAL, k&'b^-kal, 7 ,.
CUBICK, k&iblk, $ adJ' 509' Havin* tlie
form or properties of a cube ; it is applied to numbers ;
the number of four multiplied into itself, produces the
square number of sixteen, and that again multiplied by
four, produceth the cubk'k number of sixty-four.
CUBICALNESS, k&-b£-kal-n£s, s. The state or
quality of being cubical.
CuBICULARY, k&-blk-ki-lar-4, adj. Fitted for the
posture of lying down.
CUBIFORM, ki-bti-form, adj. Of the shape of a
cube.
CUBIT, ki-blt, s- A measure in use among the an-
cients, which was originally the distance from the t-1-
bow, bending inwards, to the extremity of- the middle
finger.
CUBITAL* k&ibe-tal, adj. Containing only the
length of a cubit
CUCKOLD, kuk-k&ld, s. 166. One that is married
to an adulteress.
To CUCKOLD, k&kMc&ld, v. a. To rob a man uf
his wife's fidelity ; to wrong a husband by unchastity.
CUCKOLDLY, k&kik&ld-te, adj. Having the qua*
lities of a cuckold, poor, mean.
CUCKOLD-MAKER, k&k-k&ld maik&r, *. Out
that makes a practice of corrupting wives.
CUCKOLDOM, kuk-k&l-d&m, s. The act of adul-
tery ; the state of a cuckold.
CUCKOO, kuk-k66, «. 174. A bird which appear*
in the spring, and is said to suck the eggs of other
birds, and lay her own to be hatched iu their place; a
name of contempt
CUCKOO BUD, kuk-kiS-b&d,
CUCKOO-FLOWER, kikik66-fl5u &r
of a flower.
CUCKOO-SPITTLE, kik-k55-splt-tl, s. A spumous
dew found upon plants, with a little insect in it.
U
s. The name
Hoodett,
CUCULLATE, kii-kuWate, 91.
CUCULLATED, k&-k&Wa-t£d,
covered, as with a hood or cowl;" having the resem-
blance or shape of a hood.
CUCUMBER, kSu-k&m-b&r, s. 159. The name of
a plant, and fruit of that plant.
|pp- In some counties of England, especially in the
west, this word is pronounced as if written Cooeumber :
this, though rather nearer to the orthography than C0u*
cumber, is yet faulty, in adopting the obtuse u heard in
bull, rather than the open u neard in Cucumis, the Latin
word whence Cucumber is derived ; though, from the a-
doption of the b, I should rather suppose we took it from
the French Concombre. But however this may be, it
seems too firmly fixed in its sound of Cowcumber to be
altered, and must be classed with its irregular fellow es-
culent Asparagus, which see.
CucuRfeiTACEOUS, k&-kfir-b<*-ta-shiis, s. 357.
Cucurbitaceous plants are those which resemble a
gourd, such as the pooipion and melon.
CUCURBITE, k&k&r bit, s. 156. A chymical ves-
sel, commonly called a Body.
CUD, k&d, s. That food which is reposited in the
first stomach, in order to be chewed again.
CUDDEN, k&d^dn,;
CUDDY,
n, ?
, J*
103< A t!<)wn> a stu')id low
To CUDDLE, kud-dl, v. n. 405. To lie close, r«
squat.
CUL
128
CUP
K5- S53. Fate 73, far 77, 811 83, fat 81— mi 93,
CUDGEL, kfid-jll, s. 99. A stick to strike with.
To CUDGEL, kftd-jll, v. a. To beat with a stick.
CUDGEL-PROOF, kfid-jll-proAf, adj. Able to re-
sist a stick.
CUDWEED, kfidiw£de, s. A plant.
CUE, k&, s. The tail or end of any thing ; the last
words of a speech in acting, to be answered by another ;
a hint, an intimation, a short direction ; humour, tem-
per of mind.
CuERPO, kw£rip6, s. To be in cuerpo, Is to be
without the upper coat,
Cut'F, k&f, s. A blow vrith the fist, a box, a stroke.
To CUFF, kfif, v. n. To fight, to scuffle.
To CUFF, k&f, v. a. To strike with the fist ; to
strike with talons.
Cl'FF, kuf, ». Part of the sleeve.
CuiBAS, kw£-ras/ s. 340. A breastplate.
CUIRASSIER, kw£-ras-s£er,' s. 275. A man of
arms, a soldier in armour.
CuiSH, kwls, s. 340. The armour that covers the
thighs.
$*f- 1 have followed Dr. Johnson's spelling in this
word, though I think it not so correct as cuisse, the ori-
ginal French, and which he has himself followed in his
Edition of Shakespeare, and his notes upon the word in
the first part of Henry the Fourth. But whatever may
be the spelling, the pronunciation is certainly that which
I have given.
CULDEES, k&l- dize/ s. Monks in Scotland.
CULINARY, kfc-l£-nar-£, adj. 512. Belating to
the kitchen.
To CuLL, kfil, v. a. To select from others.
CutLER, kuW&r, ». 98. One who picks or chooses.
CuLLlON, kfrl-y&n, s. 113. A scoundrel, a mean
wretch.
CULLIONLY, k&liy&n-W, adj. Having the quali-
ties of a cullion, mean, base.
CULLY, kfrW£, S. A man deceived or imposed
upon.
To CULLY, kOl-l&, v. a. To befool, to cheat, to im-
pose upon.
CULMIFEROUS, kM-mififi-ris, adj. 518. Culmi-
ferous plants are such as have a smooth jointed stalk,
" and their seeds are contained in chaffy husks.
To CULMINATE, k&l-m^-nate, v. n. To be ver-
tical, to be in the meridian.
CULMINATION, k&l-mi-naish&n, j. The transit
of a planet through the meridian.
CULPABILITY, kul-pa-bil-£-t£, s. Biameable-
ness.
CULPABLE, kul-pa-bl, adj. 405. Criminal, blame,
able, blameworthy.
CuLPABLENESS, k&l-pa-bl-n£s, s. Blame, guilt.
CULPABLY, k&l-pa-bl£, adv. Blameably, crimi-
nally.
CULPRIT, kfil-prit, s. A man arraigned before his
judge.
CuLfER, k&l-t&r, s. The iron of the plough per
pendicular to the share. — See Coulter.
To CULTIVATE, kiUti-vate, v. a. To forward or
improve the product of the earth by manual industry ;
to improve, to meliorate.
CULTIVATION, k&l-td-vaishfin, 3. The art or
practice of improving soils, and forwarding or melio-
rating vegetables; improvement in general, meliora-
tion.
CULTIVATOR, kfil-t^-va-tir, s. 521. One who
improves, promotes, or meliorates.
CULTURE, k&litshfire, s, 461. The act of culti-
vation ; art of improvement and melioration.
To CULTURE, kuUtsh&re, v. a. To cultivate, to
till. Not used.
CULVER, kuli^&r, s. 98. A pigeon. Obsolete
word.
Ci-'LVERIN, kftl'vd-rin, s. A species of ordnance :
originally a hawk.
CULVERKEY, kul-v£r-k£, a. A ipcciw of flower.
m£t 9? — pine 105, pin 107 — nAl62, move 164,
To CUMBER, k&m-b&r, v. a. 98. To embarrass,
to entangle, to obstruct; to crowd or load with some-
thing useless ; to involve in difficulties and dangers, to
distress ; to busy, to distract with multiplicity of cares ;
to be troublesome in any place.
CUMBER, k&mib&r, s. Vexation, embarrassment.
Not used.
CUMBERSOME, k&mib&r-s&m, adj. Troublesome,
vexatious; burdensome, embarrassing, unwieldy, un-
manageable.
CUMBERSOMELY, k&mib&r-sum-l£, adv. In a
troublesome manner.
CUMBERSOMENESS, kfimib&r-s&m-nfe, *. In-
cumbrance, hinderanee, obstruction.
CuMBRANCE, k&mi-br arise, s. Burden, hinderanee,
impediment.
CUMBROUS, k&mibr&s, adj. Troublesome, vexa-
tious, disturbing; oppressive, burdensome; jumbled,
obstructing each other.
CUMFREY, khm-M, t. A medicinal plant. — See
Comfrey.
CUMIN, k&m-mln, «. A plant.
^f This word, before Dr. Johnson's Dictionary alter-
ed it, was, I believe, universally spelled with double in.
Our ancestors were homebred enough to think, that if we
received a word from the Latin, and conformed to the
quantity of that language, it was necessary to show that
conformity by a specific orthography of our own. Thus,
the first v in Cuminum being snort, they doubled the m to
indicate that shortness ; as the analogy of our language
would infallibly pronounce the u long, if the consonant
were single in the same manner as in Cubic, Cupid, &c.
See Drama.
To CUMULATE, ki-mfr-late, v. a. To heap toge-
ther.
CUMULATION, kfunfc-la^sh&n, «. The act of
heaping together.
CUMULATIVE, ki-mfi-la-dv, adj. Consisting of
diverse matter put together.
CUNCTATION, k&nk-ta-shin, t. Delay, procras-
tination, dilatoriness.
CCNCTATOR, k&nk-ta-t&r, «. One given to delay,
a lingerer.
CUNEAL, ki-n^-al, adj. Relating to a wedge, hav-
ing the form of a wedge.
CuNEATED, ki-n£-a-t£d, adj. Made In form of a
wedge.
CUNEIFORM, kfi-n^-firm, adj. Having the form
of a wedge.
CuNNER, k&n^n&r, s. A kind of fish lets than an
oyster, that sticks close to the rocks.
CUNNING, k&n-nlng, adj. 410. Skilful, knowing,
learned ; performed with skill, artful ; artfully deceit-
ful, trickish, subtle, crafty.
CUNNING, k&n-nlng, s. Artifice, deceit, sliuess,
sleight, fraudulent dexterity; art, skill, knowledge.
CUNNINGLY, k&n-nlng-14, adv. Artfully, shyly,
craftily.
CUNNING-MAN, kfin-ning-man/ s. A man wh*
pretends to tell fortunes, or teach how to recover stolen
goods.
CUVNINGNESS, k&n£nlng-n£s, *. Deceitftilncss,
sliness.
CuP, k&p, s. A small vessel to drink out of; tlie
liquor contained in the cup, the draught ; social enter-
tainment, merry bout ; any thing hollow like a cup,
as, the husk of an aeoru ; Cup and Can, familiar com-
panions.
To Cup, k&p, f. a. To supply with cups — obso-
lete ; to draw blood by applying cupping glasses.
CUPBEARER, k&p-ba ror, s. An officer of. the king's
household ; an attendant to give wine at a feast.
CUPBOARD, kub-burd, *. 4 12. A case with shelves,
in which victuals or earthen ware is placed.
CUPIDITY, ku-pidi<J-t^, s. 511. Concupiscence,
unlawful longing.
CuFOI.A, ku^pA-la, s. 92. A dome, the hernisphe-
rical summit of a building
CUPPER, k&pi-pfrr, t. One who applies cupping
glasses, a scarifier.
129
CUR
n<5r 167, n&t 163— tibe 171, tfib 172, b&ll 173 — 511 299 — p54nd 313 — thin 469 — THIS 469.
CuPPINa-GLASS, k&piplng-glas, *. A glass used
by scarifiers to draw out the blood by rarefying the air.
CUPREOUS, kWpre-is, adj. Coppery, comisting of
copper.
CUR, k&r, 5. A worthless degenerate dog ; a term
of reproach for a man.
CURABLE, kWri-bl, adj. 405. That admits of a
remedy.
CuRABLENESS, kWra-bl-n5s, s. Possibility to be
healed.
CURACY, kfcira s£, 7
i<./i. i-i r *• Employment of a
CURATESHIP, ku-rate-ship, }
curate ; employment which a hired clergyman holds
under the beneficiary.
CURATE, kWrate, s. 91. A clergyman hired to
perform the duties of another ; a parish priest
CURATIVE, kfi-ra-tlv, adj. 157. Relating to the
cure of diseases, not preservative.
CURATOR, kfr-raitfir, s. 521. One that ha» the
care and superintendence of any thing.
CURB, kiirb, s. A curb is an iron chain, made fast
to the upper part of the branches of the bridle, running
over the beard of the horse ; restraint, inhibition, op-
position.
CURB-STONE, k&rl/st6ne, s. A thick kind of stone
placed at the edge of a stone pavement.
To CURB, kfrrb, v a. To guide a horse with a
curb, to restrain, to inhibit, to check.
CURD, kfrrd, s. The coagulation of milk.
To CURD, kfird, v. a. To turn to curds, to cause
to coagulate.
To CURDLE, k&ridl, v. n. 405. To coagulate, to
concrete.
To CURDLE, kfirWl, v. a. To cause to coagulate.
CURDY, kfir^d^, adj. Coagulated, concreted, full of
curds, curdled.
CURE, kire, S. Remedy, restorative ; act of healing ;
the benefice or employment of a curate or clergyman.
To CURE, kire, v. a. To heal, to restore to health,
to remedy, to prepare in any manner, so as to be pre-
served from corruption.
CURELESS, kfire-Ws, adj. Without cure, without
remedy.
CuRER, kh-rfrr, s. 98. A healer, a physician.
CURFEW, k&rifi, *. An evening peal, by which the
Conqueror willed, that every man should rake up his
fire, and put out his light; a cover for a fire, a fire-
plate.
CuRlALlTY, ki-r£-al-d~te, i. The privileges or re-
tinue of a court
CURIOSITY, k6-r&-&s-d-td, $. Inquisitiveness, in-
clination to inquiry ; nicety, delicacy ; accuracy, exact-
ness ; an act ot curiosity, nice experiment, an object of
curiosity, rarity.
CURIOUS, ki-r£-5s, adj. 314. Inquisitive, desir-
ous of information ; attentive to, diligent about ; accu-
rate, careful not to mistake ; difficult to please, solici-
tous of perfection ; exact, nice, subtile ; elegant, neat,
laboured, finished.
CURIOUSLY, kii-r&-&s-l£, adj. Inquisitively, atten-
tively, studiously; elegantly, neatly ; artfully, exactly.
CURL, ku\rl, s. A ringlet of hair; undulation, wave,
sinuosity, flexure.
To CURL, kfrrl, v. a. To turn the hair in ring-
lets; to writhe, to twist; to dress with curls ; to raise
in waves, undulations, or sinuosities.
To CURL, k&rl, v. n. To shrink into ringlets ; to
rise in undulation ; to twist itself.
CURLEW, kSr^lft, s. A kind of water fowl ; a bird
larger than a partridge, with longer legs.
CURMUDGEON, kur-mud-jfin, s. 259. An ava-
ricious churlish fellow, a miser, a niggard, a griper.
CURMUDGEONLY, k&r-m&dy&n-l^, adj. 259
Avaricious, covetous, churlish, niggardly.
CURRANT, k&r-ran, s. The tree ; a small dried
grape, properly written Corinth, from the place it came
from.
CURRENCY, k&Krin-sd, s. Circulation, power of,
passing from hand to hand ; general reception ; fluen-
cy, readiness of utterance ; continuance, constant flow ;
general esteem, the rate at which any thing is vulgarly
valued ; the papers stamped in the English colonies by
authority, and passing for money.
CURRENT, k&rir£nt, adj. Circulatory, passing from
hand to hand ; generally received, uncontradicted, au-
thoritative; common, general; popular, such as is es-
tablished by vulgar estimation ; fashion;ible, popular :
passable, such as may be allowed or admitted ; what is
now passing, as, the current year.
CURRENT, k&r-r^nt, a. A running stream ; cur-
rents are certain progressive motions of the water of
the sea in several places.
CURRENTLY, k&rir£nt-l£, adv. In a constant mo-
tion ; without opposition ; popularly, fashionably, ge-
nerally ; without ceasing.
CuRRENTNESS, k&r£r£nt-n£s, s. Circulation ; ge-
neral reception ; easiness of pronunciation.
CURRICLE, k&rW-kl, s. 405. An open two- wheel-
ed chaise, made to be drawn by two horses abreast
CURRIER, kir£r£-&r, s. One who dresses and parei
leather for those who make shoes, or other things.
CURRISH, k&r-rish, adj. Having the qualities of a
degenerate dog, brutal, sour, quarrelsome.
To CURRY, k&r-r£, v. a. To dress leather, to beat,
to drub ; to rub a horse with a scratching instrument,
so as to smooth his coat ; To curry favour, to become
a favourite by petty ofliciousness, slight kindnesses, or
flattery.
CURRYCOMB, k&r-r^-kome, s. An iron instrument
used for currying horses.
To CURSE, kfrrse, v. a. To wish evil to, to ex-
ecrate, to devote ; to afHict, to torment
To CURSE, k&rse, v. n. To imprecate.
CURSE, k&rse, s. Malediction, wish of evil to an-
other ; affliction, torment, vexation.
CURSED, kfrris£d, part. adj. 362. Under a curse,
hateful, detestable; unholy, unsanctified ; vexatious,
troublesome.
CURSEDLY, k&r£s£d.l£, adv. 364. Miserably,
shamefully.
CuRSEDNESS, kir-s5d-n£s, S. The state of being
under a curse.
CuRSHIP, k&rishlp, s. Dogship, meanness.
CURSITOR, kur-s^-t&r, s. An officer or clerk be-
longing to the Chancery, that makes out original writs.
CURSORARY, k&r£s6-ri-r£, adj. Cursory, hasty
careless.
CURSORILY, k&r-si-rd-ld, adv. Hastily, without
care.
CURSORINESS, kurisA-r£-n£s, S. Slight attention.
CURSORY, k&r-s6-r£, adj. Hasty, quick, inatten-
tive, careless.
CURST, kfrrst, adj. Froward, peevish, malignant,
malicious, snarling.
CuRSTNESS, k5rst-n3s, s. Peevishness, frowardness,
malignity.
CURT, kurt, adj. Short.
To CURTAIL, kfrr-tale,' v. a. To cut off, to cut
short, to shorten.
Jt^» This word is said to be derived from the obligation.
peasants were under, in the feudal times, of cutting of the
tails of their dogs ; as only gentlemen were allowed to
have dogs with their tails on. This Dr. Johnson has
shewn to be a vulgar error; the word being formerly
written Curtal, from the Latin curto.
CURTAIN, k&ritln, s. 208. A cloth contracted or
expanded at pleasure ; To draw the curtain, to close
so as to shut out the light, to open it so as to discern Mie
objects ; in fortification, that part of the wall or rain-
part that lies between two bastions.
CURTAIN-LECTURE, k&r-tin-l^k-tshdrG, s. A re-
. proof given by a wife to her husband in bed.
To CURTAIN, k&rUln, v. a. To enclose with cur-
tains.
CURTATE DISTANCE, k&ritate-dls-tanse, *. In
astronomy, the distance of a planet's place from the sun,
reduced to the ecliptic.
CURTATION, kuT-ta-shun, j. The interval between
CUT
130
CYC
fc5" 559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m<i 93, met 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n& 163, m6ve 164.
• planet's distance from the sun and the curtate dis-
tance.
CORTSY, kfirt's^, *. See Courtesy.
CuRVATED, k&r^va t£d, adj. Bent.
CURVATION, k&r-va^sh&n, *. The act of bending
or crooking.
CURVATURE, k&r^va tsh&re, j. 461. Crookedness,
inflexion, manner of bending.
CURVE, k&rv, adj. Crooked, bent, inflected.
CURVE, k&rv, *. Any thing bent, a flexure or
crookedness.
To CURVE, k&rv, v. o. To bend, to crook, to in-
flect.
To CURVET, k&r-v^t,' v. n. To leap, to bound ;
to frisk, to be licentious.
CURVET, k&r-v3t/ s. A leap, a bound, a frolick, a
prank.
CURVILINEAR, k&r-v£-lln£yar, adj. Consisting of
a crooked line; composed of crooked lines.
CfRVITY, k&riv£-t£, S. Crookedness.
CURULE, k&ir&le, adj. The epithet given to the
chair in which the chief Roman magistrates were carri-
ed.
CUSHION, kishMn, or kish^un, s. 289. A pil
low for the seat, a soft pad placed upon a chair.
JC5- I have given this word two sounds; not that I
think they are equally in use. I am convinced the first
is the more general ; but because the other is but a trif-
ling departure from it, and does not contradict the uni-
versal rule of pronouncing woids of this termination.
CUSHIONED, k&sh-ind, ad;'. 359. Seated a
cushion.
Cusp, k&sp, S. A term used to express the points
or horns of the moon, or other luminary.
CUSPATED, k&s-pa-t&l, I ,• ~ ..
r, . i i I "7 1 .1, > adj. Ending in a
CUSPIDATED, kusipd-da-ted, $
point, having the leaves of a flower ending in a point.
CUSTARD, k&s-t&rd, s. 88. A kind of sweet-meat
made by boiling eggs with milk and sugar.
CUSTODY, k&sitA-d£, s. Imprisonment, restraint
of liberty ; care, preservation, security.
CUSTOM, k&sit&tn, s. 166. Habit, habitual prac-
tice ; fashion, common way of acting ; established man-
ner ; practice of buying of certain persons ; application
from ouyers, as, this trader has good custom ; in law, a
law, or right, not written, which, being estaolished by
lone use, and the eonsrnt of ancestors, has been, and is,
daily practised ; tribute, tax paid for goods imported
or exported.
CUSTOM-HOUSE, ktisitum hoise, *. The house
where the taxes upon goods, imported or exported,
are collected.
CUSTOMABLE, k&sit&m-a-bl, adj. Common, ha-
bitual, frequent.
CL-STOMABLENESS, k&sit&m-a-bl-nSs, s. Fre.
quency, habit ; conformity to custom.
CuSTOMABLY, k&si-turn-a-bW, adv. According to
custom.
CUSTOMARILY, k&sit&m-ar-^-l^, adv. Habitually,
commonly.
CUSTOMARINESS, k&situm-ar-^-u^s, j. Frequen-
cy.
CUSTOMARY, k&si.tmn-ar-£, adj. Conformable to
established custom, according to prescription ; habitu-
al ; usual, wonted.
CuSTOMED, k&sit&md, adj. 359. Usual, common.
CUSTOMER, k&s-t&m-fir, s. Ont who frequents
any place of sale for the sake of purehasjig
CusTREL, k&s^tr^l, *. A buckler-bearer •. a vessel
for holding wine.
To CUT, k&t, jiret. CUT, jtart. jxus. Cuu To
penetrate with an edged instrument ; to hew; to carve,
to make by sculpture; to form any thing by cutting;
to pierce with any uneasy sensation ; to divide packs of
cards ; to intersect, to cross, as, one line cuts another :
To cut down, to fell, to hew down ; to excel, to over-
power ; To cut off, to separate from the other parts,
to destroy, to extirpate, to put to death untimely ; to
rescind., to intercept, to hinder from union, to put an
end to, to take away, to withhold, to preclude, to in-
terrupt, to silence, to apostrophise, to abbreviate ; To
cut out, to shape, to form, to scheme, to contrive ; to
adapt, to debar ; to excel, to outdo ; To cut short, to
hinder from proceeding by sudden interruption, to
abridge, as, the soldiers were cut short of their pay ;
To cut up, to divide an animal into convenient pieces,
to eradicate.
To CUT, kit, v. n. To make its way by dividing
obstructions; to perform the operation of cutting for
the stone.
CUT, kit, part. adj. Prepared for use.
CUT, kit, *. The action of a sharp or edged instru-
ment ; the impression or separation of continuity, made
by an edge ; a wound made by cutting ; a channel made
by art; a part cut off from the rest ; a small particle, a
shred ; a lot cut off a stick ; a near passage, by which
some angle is cut off; a picture cut or carved upon a
stamp of wood or copper, and impressed from it ; the
actor practice of dividing a pack of cards; fashion,
form, shape, manner of cutting into shape ; a fool or
cully ; Cut and long tail, men of all kinds.
CUTANEOUS, kfi.taind is, adj. Relating to the
skin.
CUTICLE, ki^te-kl, s. 405. The first and outer,
most covering of the body, commonly called the scarf-
skin ; thin skin formed on the surface' of any liquor.
CUTICULAR, k6-tikifl-l&r, adj. Belonging to the
skin.
CUTLASS, k&t^las, s. A broad cutting sword.
CUTLER, k&t'l&r, s. 98. One who makes or sclk
knives.
CUTPURSE, k&tip&rse, s. One who steals by the
method of cutting purses; a thief, a robber.
CuTTER, k&t-t&r, s. 98. An agent or instrument
that cuts any thing ; a nimble boat that cuts the water
the teeth that cut the meat ; an officer in the exche-
quer that provides wood for the tallies, and cuts the
sum paid upon them.
CuT-THROAT, kfit-<Ar6te, *. A ruffian, a murderer,
an assassin.
CUT-THROAT, k&t-*Ar6te, adj. Cruel, inhuman,
barbarous.
It5» This adjective is frequently used very absurdly,
(and not always by the lowest of the people,) when it is
applied to a house of entertainment that charges an ex-
orbitant price ; such a house is not uncommonly, though
very improperly, called a Cut-tfiroat-ftoute. T'his sense,
I see, has been adopted by Entick ; though it ought not
to have a -place in any Dictionary.
CUTTING, kittling, ». A piece cut off, a chop.
CUTTLE, k&t-tl, i. 405. A fish, which, when he u
pursued by a fish of prey, throws out a black liquor.
CUTTLE, k&t-tl, S. A foul mouthed fellow.
CYCLE, sl-kl, s. 405. A circle ; a round of time,
a space in which the same revolution begins again, a
periodical space of time ; a method, or account of a
method, continued till the same course begins again ;
imaginary orbs, a circle in the heavens.
CY'CLOID, sJ-k!6ld, s. A geometrical curve,
j£5« Sheridan and Buchanan pronounce the y in thii
word short ; and Ash, Kenrick, and W. Johnston, long.
CYCLOIDAL, se-kl6ld-al, adj. 180. Relating to a
cycloid.
CYCLOPAEDIA, sl-kli-p&d£ a, *. A circle of know-
ledge, a course of the sciences.
Jf^p I have in this word differed from Mr. Sheridan and
DrTjohnson, by placing the accent on the antepenulti-
mate syllable instead of the penultimate. I know that
Greek words of this termination have the accent on the
penultimate syllable; but the antepenultimate accentua-
tion is more agreeable to the genius of our tongue, and
seems to have prevailed. For though Dr. Johnson hai
given this word the penultimate accent, he has placed the
accent on the antepenultimate syllable of Ambrosia, Eu-
thanasia, and Hydrophobia, though these have all the
accent on the penultimate in the Greek. It is true the i
in the last syllable but one of Cyclopaedia is u diphthong in
the original; and this will induce those who are fond ot
showing their Greek learning to lay the accent on the pe-
nultimate, as its opposition to general usage will be an
additional reason with them for preferring it. The pro-
nunciation I have adopted I see is supported by Dr. Ken
rick, Entick, Scott, Perry, and Buchanan, which abun-
dantly shows the general current of •custom.
DAD 131 DAM
n5r 167, nit 163— tibe 171, tfib 173, bfill 173—611 299— pSfind 313 — thin 466— THu 469
To these observations may be added, that if the i be ac-
cented, it must necessarily have the long open sound, as in
Klegiac, and not the sound of e, as Mr. Sheridan has
marked it
CYGNET, slg-n^t, s. A young swan.
CYLINDER, sll-ln-d&r, s. A body having two flat
surfaces and one circular.
CYLINDRICAL, sd-lln£dr£-kal,
CYLINDRICK,
Partaking of
the nature of a cylinder, having the form of a cylinder.
CYMAR, sd-mar,' «. 180. A slight covering, a
scarf.
CYMBAL, slm-bal, s. A musical instrument.
CYNANTHROPY, sS-nanitArA p£, s. A species of
madness, in which men have the qualities of dogs.
CYNEGETICKS, sln-nt*-j3t-iks, s. The art of hunt-
ing.
CYNICAL, slnilk-al, 7 ..
CYNICK, slnilk, S J' Havin8 t"e qualities
of a dog, churlish, biutal, snarling, satirical.
CYNICK, sln-ik, s. A philosopher of the snarling or
currish sort, a follower of Diogenes ; a snarler, a mis-
anthrope.
CYNOSURE, slnid-shire, or si-nA-sh&re, *. 463.
The star near the north pole, by which sailors steer.
ft5» 1 have, in the first syllable of this word, contrary
to Mr. Sheridan, preferred the short to the long sound o'f
y. My first reason is, that this letter in Greek is the same
as in Cynic and Cylinder; both which have the y short.
The next reason is, the very general rule in our language
of pronouncing the vowel short in all simples which have
the accent on the antepenultimate syllable. 535, 537, 503.
I am not certain, however, that the best usage is not a-
f»inst me. Scott has the first sound, and Sheridan and
ntick the second; the rest of the Dictionaries either
have not the word, or do not mark the quantity of the
vowels.
CYPRESS-TREE, sUpr£s-tr&, «. A tall strait tree ;
its fruit is of no use, its leaves are bitter, and the very
smell and shade of it are dangerous ; it is the emblem
of mourning.
CYPRUS, si-pr&s, s. A thin transparent black stuff.
CYST, sist, 7
CYStTIS, sls^tls J A g contailu"8 sorae mor-
bid matter.
CYSTICK, sls-tlk, adj. Contained in a bag.
CYSTOTOMY, sls-tit^tA-me, s. 513. The act or
practice of opening incysted tumours.
CZAR, zar, s. The title of the Emperor of Russia.
CZARINA, za-r&na, s. The Empress of Russia.
D.
To
DAB, dab, v. a.
something soft or moist.
To strike gently with
DAB, dab, 4. A small lump of any thing; a blow
with something moist or soft; something moist or
slimy thrown upon one; in low language, an artist; a
kind of small flatfish.
DAB-CHICK, dab-tshik, s. A water-fowl.
To DABBLE, daWbl, v. a. 4O5. To smear, to
daub, to wet.
To DABBLE, d&b-bl, v. n. To play in water, to
move in water or mud ; to do any thing in a slight
manner, to tamper.
DABBLER, dabilfir, s. One that plays in water ;
one that meddles without mastery, a superficial med-
dler.
DACE, dase, s. A small river fish, resembling a
roach.
DACTYLS, dakitll, s. 145. A poetical foot, con-
sisting of one long syllable and two short ones.
DAD, dAd,
DADDY,
uig father
The child's wajr of express-
DAFFODIL, dafV6-dll, ;
DAFFODILLY, daf-fA-diW4, C s.
DAFFODOWNDILLY, daf-f6-d3un-dllM<i, )
This plant hath a lily-flower, consisting of one leaf,
which is bell-shaped.
To DAFT, daft, v. a. To toss aside, to throw away
slightly. Obsolete.
DAG, dig, *. A dagger ; a hand-gun, a pistol.
DAGGER, dagiftr, s. 98. 381. A short sword, a
poniard ; a blunt blade of iron with a basket hilt, used
For defence; the obelisk, as ft].
DAGGERSDRAWING, dag-urz- draw-ing, s. The
act of drawing daggers, approach to open violence.
To DAGGLE, d3g-gl, v. a. 405. To dip negli.
gently in mire or water.
To DAGGLE, dig-gl, v. n. To be in the mire.
DAGGLETAIL, dagigl-tale, adj. Bcmired, bespat-
tered.
DAILY, da-1^, adj. Happening every day, quotidian.
DAILY,
adv. Every day, very often.
DAINTILY, dane-t£-l£, adv. Elegantly, delicately,
deliciously, pleasantly.
DAINTINESS, daneit£-n&s, * Delicacy, softness ;
elegance, nicety ; squeamishness, fastidiousness.
DAINTY, dane-t£, adj. Pleasing to the palate;
delicate, nice, squeamish ; scrupulous ; elegant ; aflcct-
ed.
DAINTY, dane-t£, s. Something nice or delicate,
a delicacy ; a word of fondness formerly in use.
DAIRY, da-r£, *. The place where milk is kept,
and butter or cheese made.
DAIRYMAID, da-rd-made, s. The woman servan
whose business is to manage the milk.
DAISY, daiz£, s. 438. A spring flower.
DALE, dale, s. A vate, a valley.
DALLIANCE, dAl-l^-anse, s. Interchange of
acts of fondness; conjugal conversation; delay, pro-
crastination.
DALLIER, dal-l£-5r, s. A trifler, a fondler.
To DALLY, dal-1^, v. n. To trifle, to play trre
fool ; to exchange caresses, to fondle ; to sport, to play
to frolick ; to delay.
DAM, dam, s. The mother.
DAM, dam, s. A mole or bank to confine water.
To DAM, dam, v. a. To confine, to shut up water
by moles or dams.
DAMAGE, damimldje, s. 90. Mischief, detriment;
loss; the value of mischief done; reparation of dam-
age, retribution ; in law, any hurt or hinderance that
a man taketh in his estate.
To DAMAGE, dam-ldje, v. a. 90. To mischief, to
injure, or impair.
To DAMAGE, damUdje, v. n. To take damage.
DAMAGEABLE, dam-idje-a-bl, adj. Susceptible of
hurt, as, damageable goods ; mischievous, pernicious.
DAMASCENE, dara-zn, s. 1 70. A small black
plum, a damson.
DAMASK, dami&sk, s. 88. Linen or silk woven-
in a manner invented at Damascus, by which part rises
above the rest in flowers.
To DAMASK, dam-frsk, v. a. 88. To form flower*
upon stuffs ; to variegate, to diversify.
DAMASK-ROSE, dam-&sk rose, s. A red rose.
DAME, dame, s. A lady, the title of honour for-
merly given to women j mUtress of a low family ; wo-
man in general.
DAMES- VIOLET, damz -vUi l£t, s. Queen's gilly-
flower.
7> DAMN, dam, v, a. 411. To doom to eternal
torments in a future state ; to procure or cause to be
eternally condemned ; to condemn ; to hoot or hiss any
public performance, to explode.
DAMNABLE, dam-ni-bl, adj. Deserving damna».
tion.
DAMNABLY, damina-ble, adj. In such a manner
as to incur eternal punishment,
DAN 132 DAS
»> 559. File 73, fir 77,.fill 83, fit 81— me 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nAl62, mive 164,
DAMNATION, dim-niish&n, s. Exclusion from
divine mercy, condemnation to eternal punishment.
DAMNATORY, dimini-tur-^, adj. 5 1 2. Contain-
ing a sentence of condemnation.
DAMNED, dammd, or diminM, part. adj. Hate-
ful, detestable.
his word, in familiar language, is scarcely ever
nsed as an adjective, and pronounced in one syllable, but
by the lowest vulgar and profane ; in serious speaking it
ought always, like cursed, to be pronounced in two. 36i.
Thus in Shakespeare —
But oh what dammd minute* tells he o'er,
Who doats vet doubts — suspects, jet strongly lo
and quivering ; to hang upon any one, to be an hum-
ble follower.
DANGLER, dingigl&r, ». A man that hangs about
women.
DANK, dingk, adj. 408. Damp, moist.
DANKISH, dingk-lsh, adj. Somewhat damp.
DAPPER, dip-pir, adj. 98. Little and active, live-
ly without bulk.
DAPPERLING, dApip&r-llng, s. A dwarf.
DAPPLE, dipipl, adj. 405. Marked with various
colours, variegated.
To DAPPLE, dip-pi, v. a. To streak, to vary.
There is a very singular usage of this word, as a verb or , T) . R (JJr 73
tiarticiple, when it signifies the condemnation of a play ; 1 ,,'
but this application of it, though authorized by the po- •
litest speakers, has an unhallowed harshness in it to pious
ears, and an affectation of force to judicious ones. It is,
at least, the figure called Catac/iresis.
DAMNIFICK, dim-nlPlk, adj. Procuring loss, mis-
chievous.
To DAMNIFY, dimineUf \, v. a. To endamage, to
injure; to hurt, to impair.
DAMNINGNESS, dam-ning-n3s, s.
procure damnation.
Tendency to
DAMP, dimp, adj. Moist, inclining to wet ; deject-
ed, sunk, depressed.
DAMP, dimp, *. Fog, moist air, moisture ; a
noxious vapour exhaled from the earth ; dejection, de-
pression of spirit.
T-J DAMP, dimp, v. a. To wet, to moisten ; to de-
press, to deject, to chill, to weaken, to abandon.
DAMPISHNESS, dimpiish-n£s, «. Tendency to wet-
ness, moisture.
DAMPNESS, dimpines, s. Moisture.
DAMPY, dimp^i, adj. Dejected, gloomy, sorrow-
ful.
DAMSEL, darnel, *. 102. A young gentlewo-
man ; an attendant of the better rank ; a wench, a
country lass.
DAMSON, dim-zn, *. 170. A small black plum.
DAN, din, s. The old term of honour for men.
To DANCE, dinse, t>. n. 78. 79. To move in
measure.
To DANCE Attendance, dinse, v. a. To wait
with suppleness and obsequiousness.
To DANCE, dinse, v. a. To make to dance, to put
into a lively motion.
DANCE, dinse, j. 78. 79. A motion of one or
many in concert.
DANCER, din-sir, *. One that practises the art of
dancing.
DANCINGMASTER, din^slng-mis t&r, *. One who
teaches the art of dancing.
DANCINGSCHOOL, dinislng-skool, *. The school
where the art of dancing is taught.
DANDELION, din-dWUun, s. The name of a
plant, so called from its likeness to the tooth of a
lion.
To DANDLE, din^dl, v. a. 405. To shake a child
on the knee ; to fondle, to treat like a child.
DANDLER, dind-l&r, s. He that dandles or fon-
dles children.
DANDRUFF, din^dr&f, j. Scurf in the head,
DANEWORT, dineiw&rt, *. A species of elder, call-
ed also dwarf-elder, or wall-wort.
DANGER, daneij&r, s. 98. Risk, hazard, peril.
Tn DANGER, dineij&r, n. a. To put in hazard,
to endanger. Not in use.
DANGERLESS, dane^jir-l£s, adj. Without hazard,
without risk.
DANGEROUS, danefjfir-&s, adj. 543. Hazardous,
perilous.
DANGEROUSLY, dineij&r-&s-l^, adv. Hazardously,
perilously, with danger.
DANGEROUSNESS, daneijur-us-n^s,
ha/^rd, peril.
Danger,
TV DANGLE, dinjigl, v. n, 405. To hang loose
r s. A fish found in the Severn.
DART, dirt, $
To DARE, dare, v. n. pret. 1 durst j part. I have
dared. To have courage for any purpose, to be ad ven-
turous.
Jt5" If I am n°t mistaken, there is a prevailing pronun-
ciation of this word in Ireland, which makes it a perfect
rhyme to far, bar, &c. That this is contrary to universal
usage in England, and to the most general rule in the lan-
ruage, needs not be insisted on ; the onlv word of a simi-
ar form which is so pronounced, is the first person plural
of the verb to be. But this, it must be remembered, is an
auxiliary verb; and theauxiliary verbs, being as irregu lar
in their pronunciation as in their form, are but indifferent
models by which to regulate the rest of the language.
To DARE, dare, v. a. To challenge, to defy,
n this sense, this verb is regular.
To DARE LARKS, dare larks, v. n. To catch
them by means of a looking-glass.
DARE, dare, s. Defiance, challenge. Not in use.
DAREFUL, dareif fil, adj. Full of defiance.
DARING, da-ring, adj. Bold, adventurous, fearless.
DARINGLY, diirlng-le1, adv. Boldly, courageously
DARINGNESS, da-rlng-n^s. s. Boldness.
DARK, dirk, adj. Without light ; not of a showy
or vivid colour ; blind, opaque ; obscure ; ignorant ;
gloomy.
To DARK, dirk, v. a. To darken, to obscure.
To DARKEN, dir^kn, v. a. 405. To make dark ;
to perplex ; to sully.
To DARKEN, dir^kn, v. n* To grow dark.
DARKLING, dirkMlng, part. adj. Being in the
dark.
DARKLY, d5rk-le, adv. In a situation void of
light, obscurely, blindly.
DARKNESS, dirk-n£s, *. Absence of light ; opaque-
ness; obscurity; wickedness; the empire of Satan.
DARKSOME, dirk's&m, adj. Gloomy, obscuie.
DARLING, dialing, adj. 515. Favourite, dear
beloved. A contraction of dearling, or little dear.
DARLING, darkling, s. A favourite, one much be-
loved.
To DARN, dirn, v. a. To mend hole* by imitating
the texture of the stuff.
DARNEL, dir-nll, s. 99. A weed growing in the
fields.
DART, dirt, s. A missile weapon thrown by the
hand.
To DART, dirt, v. a. To throw offensively ; to
throw, to emit
To DART, dirt, v- n. To fly as a dart,
To DASH, dish, t>. a. To throw any thing sud-
denly against something ; to break by collision ; to
throw water in flashes ; to bespatter, to besprinkle ; to
mingle, to change by some small admixture; to form
or paint in haste ; to obliterate, to cross out ; to con.
found, to make ashamed suddenly.
To DASH, dish, v. n. To fly o.T the surface ; to
fly in flashes with a loud noise ; to rush through water
so as to make it fly.
DASH, dAsh, 5. Collision ; infusion ; a mark in
writing, a line ; stroke, blow.
DASH, dish, adv. An expression of the sound of
water dashed.
DASTARD, dis-tird, s. 88. A coward, a poltroo.
183
DEA
nor 167, nit 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
To BASTARDIZE, dAs-tAr-dize, v. a. To intimi-
date ; to deject with cowardice.
DASTARDLY, das-tard-ie, adj. Cowardly, raean,
timorous.
DASTARDY, dAsUAr-de, s. Cowardliness.
DATE, date, s. The time at which a letter is writ
ten, marked at the end or the beginning ; the time at
which any event happened ; the time stipulated when
any thing should be done; end, conclusion; duration,
continuance ; the fruit o. the date-tree.
DATE- TREE, date-tree, s. A species of palm.
To DATE, date, v. a. To note with the time at
whicli any thing is written or done.
DATELESS, datf-lds, adj. Without any fixed term.
DATIVE, da-tlv, adj. 157. In grammar, the case
' that signifies the person to whom any thing is given.
To DAUB, dawb, y. a. 213. Tosmear with some-
' tiling adhesive ; to paint coarsely ; to lay on any thing
gaudily or ostentatiously; to flatter grossly.
DAUBER, daw-bur, s. 98. A coarse low painter.
DAUBY, dawMjti, adj. Viscous, glutinous, adhesive.
DAUGHTER, daw-tar, s. 218. The female off-
" spring of a man or woman ; in poetry, any descendant ;
the female penitent of a confessor.
To DAUNT, daiit, v. a. 214. To discourage, to
fright.
DAUNTLESS, dant-les, adj. Fearless, not dejected.
DAUNTLESSNESS, dant-les-nds, s. Fearlessness.
DAUPHIN, dawifin, s. The heir apparent to the
crown of France.
DAW, daw, s. The name of a bird.
To DAWN, dawn, v. n. fa begin to grow light ;
to glimmer obscurely ; to begin, yet faintly, to give
some promises of lustre.
DAWN, dawn, s. The time between the first ap-
pearance of lightatid the sun's rise; beginning, first rise.
DAY, da, s. 2i!0. The time between the rising and
setting of the sun ; the time from noon to noon ; light,
sunshine; the day of contest, the battle; an appointed
Or fixed time ; a day appointed for some commemora-
tion ; from day to day, without a certainty or continu-
ance.
DAYBED, da-b£d, s. A bed used for idleness.
DAYBOOK, da-b56k, s. A tradesman's journal.
DAYBREAK, da-brake, *. The dawn, the first ap
pearance of light.
DAYLABOUR, da-la bur, *. Labour by the day.
DAYLABOURER, da-laibur-frr, «. One that works
by i he day.
DAYLIGHT, da-lite, s. The light of the day, as op-
posed to that of the moon; or a taper.
DAYI.ILY, daUe-1^, s. The same with asphodel.
DAYSPIUNG, da^spring, 3. The rise of the day, the
" dawn.
DAYSTAR, da-star, s. The morning star.
DAYTIME, da-time, 4. The time in which there is
light, opposed to night.
DAYWORK, datwurk, *. Work imposed by the day,
day -labour.
DAXIED, da-zld, adj. 282. Besprinkled with
daisies.
To DAZZLE, daz-zl, v. a. 405. To overpower
with light.
To DAZZLE, dJz-zl, v. n. To be overpowered with
light.
DEACON, de-kn, s. 170. 227. One of the lowest
order of the clergy.
DEACONESS, de-kn-nes, s. A female officer in the
ancient church.
DEACONRY, de-kn-re,
DEACONSHIP, de-kn-shlp,
nity of a deacon.
DEAD, ded, adj. 234. Deprived of life ; inani-
mate ; senseless ; motionless i empty ; useless ; dull,
gloomy; frigid ; va;>id; spiritless; uninhabited ; with-
*. The office or dig-
out the power of vegetation; in theology, lying undet
the power of sin.
To DEADEN, dM-dn, v. a. 405. To deprive of
any kind of force or sensation ; to make vapid, or spi-
UC!
DEAD-DOING, dM-do5-lng, part. adj. Destruc-
tive, killing, mischievous.
DEAD- LIFT, ded lift,' s. Hopeless exigence.
DEADLY, ded-le, adj. Destructive, mortal, impla-
cable.
DEADLY, d£d-ld, adv. In a manner resembling tin
dead ; mortally ; implacably, irreconcilably.
DEADNESS, d£d-nes, *. Want of warmth ; weak-
ness of the vital powers ; vapidncssof liquors, lc&> of
spirit.
DEADNETTLE, d£d-n&t-tl, *. A weed, the same
with archangel.
DEAD-RECKONING, d^d-r^k-nlng, s. That esti-
mation or conjecture which the seamen make of the
place where a ship is, by keeping an account of her
way by the log.
DEAF, dOf, adj. 234. Wanting the sense of hear-
ing; deprived of the power of hearing; obscurely heard.
To DEAFEN, defifn, v. a. 405. To deprive of the
power of hearing.
DEAFLY, def-le, adv. Without sense of sounds ;
obscurely to the ear.
DEAFNESS, def-n£s, s. Want of the power of hear-
ing ; unwillingness to hear.
DEAL, dele, s. 227. Great part ; quantity, degree
of moie or less ; the art or practice of dealing cards ; "fir-
wood, the wood of pines. ;
To DEAL, dele, v. a. To dispose to different per-
sons ; to distribute cards ; to scatter, to throw about ; to
give gradually, or one after another.
To DEAL, dele, t>. n. To traffick, to transact busi-
ness ; to act between two persons, to intervene ; to be-
have well or ill in any transaction; to act in any man
ner; To deal by, to treat well or ill; To deal in, to
have to do with, to be engaged in, to practise; To deal
with, to treat in any manner, to use well or ill, to eon-
tend with.
To DEALBATE, de-al-bate, v. a. To whiten, to
bleach.
DEAI.BATION, de-al-bA-sh&n, s. Tbe act at
bleaching.
DEALER, de-lur, s. 98. Oue that has to do with
any thing ; a trader or trafficker ; a person who deals
the cards.
DEALING, deifing, s. Practice ; action ; intercourse ;
measures of treatment ; traffick, business.
DEAMBULATION, de am-bu-la-shun, s. The act
of walking abroad.
DEAMBULATORY, de-amibi la-tur-e, adj. Re-
lating to the practice of walking abroad.
DEAN, dene, s. 227. The second dignitary of a dio-
cese.
DEANERY, d^-u&r re, s. 98. The office of a dean ;
the revenue of a dean ; the house of a dean.
DfiANSHIP, dene-ship, s. The office and rank of a
'dean.
DEAR, dere, adj. 227. Beloved, darling ; valuable,
costly ; scarce ; sad, hateful, grievous. In this hist
sense obsolete,
DEAR, d^re, *. A word of endearment.
DEARBOUGHT, dere-bawt, adj. Purchased at a
high price.
DEARLY, dere^le, adv. With great fondness ; at a
high price.
To DEARN, darn, v. a. To mend clothes See
Darn.
DEARNESS, derc-n£s, ». Fondness, kindness, love ;
scarcity, high price.
DEARTH, der//i, s. 234. Scarcity which makes food
dear; want, famine; barrenness.
To DEARTICULATE, de-ar-tikiu-late, v. a. To
disjoint, to dismember.
deZ/», s. 234. The extinction of lift ; mor-
DEC
134
DEC
%$• 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81— m^ 93
tality ; the state of the dead ; the manner of dying ; the
image of mortality represented by a skeleton ; in theo-
logy, damnation, eternal torments.
DEATH-BED, d&th'-b&d, s. The bed to which a
man is confined by mortal sickness.
DEATHFUL, d&th-ful, adj. Full of slaughter, de-
structive, murderous.
DEATHLESS, d&/i-l£s, adj. Immortal, never-dying.
DEATHLIKE, d&A-llke, adj. Resembling death,
still.
DEATH'8-DOOR, dei/t's-dire/ S. A near approach
to death.
DEATHSMAN, dl/As^man, s. 88. Executioner,
hangman, headsman.
DEATHWATCH, d&A-witsh, *. An insect that
makes a ticking noise, superstitiously imagined to prog-
nosticate death.
To DEBARK, di-bark,' v. a. To disembark.
To DEBAR, d^-bar/ v. a. To exclude, to pre-
clude.
To DEBASE, d^-base,' v. a. To reduce from a higher
to a lower state; to sink into meanness; to adulterate,
to lessen in value by base admixtures.
DEBASEMENT, d£-base'm£nt, s. The act of de-
basing or degrading.
DEBASER, de'-ba-sfir, s. 98. He that debases, he
that adulterates, he that degrades another.
DEBATABLE, d^-bate-a-bl, adj. Disputable.
DEBATE, de-bate,' s. A personal dispute, a con-
troversy ; a quarrel, a contest.
To DEBATE, debate/ v. a. To controvert, to dis-
pute, to contest.
To DEBATE, dii-bate,' v. n. To deliberate ; to dis-
pute.
DEBATEFUL, de-bate-ful, adj. Quarrelsome, con-
tention-.
DEBATEMENT, d£-bate-m£nt, s. Contest, con-
troversy.
DEBATER, d£-ba-t&r, s. 98. A disputant, a con-
trovertist.
To DEBAUCH, di-bawtsh,' v. a. 213. To corrupt
by lewdness; to corrupt by intemperance.
DEBAUCH, d^-bawtsh/ s. A fit of intemperance,
lewdness.
DEBAUCHEE, d£b-6-shee,' s. A lecher, a drunk-
ard.
DEBAUCHER, d4-bawtsh-ur, s. One who seduces
others to intemperance or lewdness.
DEBAUCHF.RY, dd-bawtsh-frr-rc*, s. The practice
of excess, lewdness.
DEBAUCHMENT, di-bawtsh-me'nt, s. The act of
debauching or vitiating, corruption.
To DEBEL, de-bSl,' 7
To DEBELLATE, de-beUlate, f *•*
quer, to overcome in war.
DEBELI.ATION, d£b-b£l-la-sh&n, s. The act of
conquering in war.
DEBENTURE, de'-be'nitshfire, s. A writ or note, by
which a debt is claimed.
DEBILE, d£b£ll, adj. 140. 145. Feeble, languid.
To DEBILITATE, d£-biW-tate, v. a. To make
faint, to enfeeble.
DEBILITATION, de-bil-4-taishun, s. The act of
weakening.
DEBILITY, de-bll-d-t£, s. Weakness, feebleness.
DEBONAIR, d£b-<S-nare,' adj. Elegant, civil, well-
bred.
DEBONAIRLY, d^b-i-nart-l^, adv. Elegantly.
DEBT, d£t, *. 347. That which one man owes to
another; that which any one is obliged to do or suffer.
DEBTED, d£t-ted, part. adj. Indebted, obliged to.
DEBTOR, d&t^t&r, s. 98. He that owes something
to another ; one that owes money ; one side of an ac-
count book.
DKCACUMINATED, de.ka-ku-me-na-t3d, adj.
Having the top cut off.
, mil 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 164,
DECADE, d£k-ad, 5. 529. The «um of ten.
DECADENCY, d£-ka£d£u-s£, i. Decay, fall.
DECAGON, d£k-a-g5n, s. 503. A plain figure la
geometry.
DECALOGUE, dek^a-lSg, s. 338. The ten com-
mandments given by God to Moses.
To DECAMP, dti-kamp,' v. a. To shift the camp,
to move off.
DECAMPMENT, de'-kampim£nt, s. The act oi
shifting the camp.
To DECANT, di-kant/ v. a. To pour off gently,
so as to leave the sediment behind.
DECANTATION, dek-an-ta'shun, s. The act ol
decanting.
DECANTER, d^-kan^t&r, s. 98. A glass vessel
that contains the liquor after it has been poured off clear.
To DECAPITATE, de-kap-e-tate, v. a. To behead.
To DECAY, d£-ka,' v. n. 220. To lose excel-
lence, to decline.
DECAY, d^-ka/ *. Decline from the state of per-
fection; declension from prosperity ; consumption.
DECAYER, d^-ka-ur, s. 98. That which causes de-
cay.
DECEASE, d£-sese/ s. 227. Death, departure from
life.
To DECEASE, de-s£se/ v. n. To die, to depart
from life.
DECEIT, de-s&e/ s. 250. Fraud, a cheat, a fal-
lacy; stratagem, artifice.
DECEITFUL, de s^tt-lfil, adj. Fraudulent, full of
deceit.
DECEITFULLY, d£-s£u-ful l£, adv. Fraudulently.
DECEITrULNESS, d£-s£te-iul-n&, S. Tendency to
deceive.
DECEIVABLE, dd-se-va-bl, adj. Subject to fraud,
exposed to imposture.
DECEIVABLENESS, d£-seiva-bl-n&, .*. Liable-
ness to be deceived.
To DECEIVE, d£-s£ve/ v. a. 250. To bring into
error ; to delude by stratagem.
DECEIVER, d^-se'-v&r, s. One that leads another
into error.
DECEMBER, de-s3mM)&r, j. 98. The last month
of the year.
DECEMPEDAL, d£-s3m-p«*-dal, adj. Having ten
feet in length.
DECEMVIRATE, di s3m£v£-rate, s. 91. The dig-
nity and oftice of the ten governors of Home.
DECEMVIRI, de-sdm-ve-ri, s. Ten supreme magi-
strates of ancient Rome, chosen to make laws and go-
vern for a certain time. • This word is Anglicised into
Decemvirs, the plural of Decemv ir.
DECENCY, d^-se'n-s^, s. Propriety of form, becom-
ing ceremony ; suitableness of character, propriety ;
modesty.
DECENNIAL, d£-s£n£n£-al, adj. 113. What con-
tinues for the space of ten years.
DECENT, de-sent, adj. Becoming, fit, suitable.
DECENTLY, d^-s&nt-le, adv. In a proper man-
ner, with suitable behaviour.
DECEPTIBILITY, de-sep-te-bil-e-t^, s. Liablenc**
to be deceived.
DECEPTIBLE, de-s£pit& bl, adj. 405. Liable to
be deceived.
DECEPTION, d£-s!p-shun, s- The act or means of
deceiving, cheat, fraud ; the state of being deceived.
DECEPTIOUS, d6-sep-shas, adj. 314. Deceitful.
DECEPTIVE, de-s£p-tiv, adj. 157. Having the
power of deceiving.
DECEPTORY, des-^p-t&r-^, adj. Containing means
of deceit— See Receptory.
DKCERFT, d£-sfirpt/ adj. Diminished, taken oil.
DECERPTIBLE, d^-s£rp-t(^-bl, adj. That may be
taken off.
DECF.RPTION, d(* s£rp-shun, s. The act of les-
sening, or taking off.
DEC
135
DEC
nor 167, nit 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bull 17
DECESSION, d»i-s£sh-&n, J. A departure.
To DKCHARM, d^-tsMnn/ v. a. To counteract a
charm, to disenchant.
To DECIDE, dd-slde,' v. a. To fix the event of,
to determine ; to determine a question or dispute.
DECIDENCK, d£s-<*-d£nse, s. 503. The quality of
being shed, or of falling off; the act of falling away.
DECIDER, d4-sUd&r, s. 98. One who determines
causes ; one who determines quarrels.
DECIDUOUS, d^-sid-i-fis, or d& sld-ji-&s, adj.
233. Falling, not perennial.
DECIMAL, des^-mal, adj. Numbered by ten.
To DECIMATE, dds^e-mate, v. a. 91. To tithe,
to take the tenth ; to punish every tenth soldier by lot.
DECIMATION, d& se-maish&n, *. A tithing, a se-
lection of every tenth ; a selection by lot of every tenth
soldier for punishment.
To DECIPHER, d^-sl-f&r, v. a. To explain that
which is written in ciphers ; to mark down in charac-
ters ; to stamp, to mark ; to unfold, to unravel.
DECIPHERER, di-si-fur-ur, s. One who explains
writings in cipher.
DECISION, d^-slzh'&n, s. Determination of a dif-
ference; determination of an event.
DECISIVE, di-siislv, adj. 158. 428. Having the
power of determining any difference ; having the power
of settling any event.
DECISIVELY, de si-slv-l£, ado. In a conclusive
manner.
DECISIVENESS, d£-sl-siv-n2s, s. The power of ter-
minating any difference, or settling an event.
DECISORY, d£-sKsA r£, adj. 429. 557. Able to
determine or decide.
To DECK, d£k, v. a. To overspread ; to dress ; to:
adorn.
DECK d£k, s. The floor of a ship ; pack of cards
piled regularly on each other.
DECKER, d^k-k&r, s. A dresser.
TJ DECLAIM, d^-klame,' v. n. To harangue, to
speak set orations.
DECI.AIMER, d^-kla-mlr, s. One who makes
speeches with intent to move the passions.
DECLAMATION, ddk-l<\-ma-sh5n, s. 5:30. A
discourse addressed to the passions, an harangue.
DECLAMATOR, d£k-la-ma-t&r, s. 521. A de-
claimer, an orator.
DECLAMATORY, dd-klamima-t&r £, adj. 512.
Relating 10 the practice of declaiming; appealing to
the passions. ^
DECLARABLE, d£-kla-ra-hl, adj. Capable of proof.
DECLARATION, d£k-kla-ra-shiin, s- 530. A pro-
clamation or affirmation, publication ; an explanation
of something doubtful ; in law, declaration is the snow-
ing forth of an action personal in any suit, though it is
used sometimes for real actions.
DECLARATIVE, de-klar-i-tlv, adj. 157. Making
declaration, explanatory; making proclamation.
DECLARATORILY, d£-klaria-tur-e-lt*, adv. in
the form of a declaration, not in a decretory form.
DECLARATORY, de-klaria-tur-e, adj. 512. Af-
firmative, expressive.
To DECLARE, de klare,' v. a. To make known,
to tell evidently and openly ; to publish, to proclaim ;
to show in open view.
To DECLARE, de-klare,' v. n. To make a declaration.
DECLAREMENT, de-klare-m<5nt, s. Discovery, de-
claration, testimony.
DECLARER, de-kla-ritr, s. 98. One that makes
any thing known.
DECLENSION, di-kldn-shun, S Tendency from a
greater to a less degree of excellence ; declination, des-
cent ; inflexion, manner of changing nouns.
DECLINABLE, d£-kli-na-bl, adj. 405. Having
variety of terminations.
DECLINATION, ddk-kl^-na-sh&n, s. Descent,
change from a better to a worse state, iteeay ; the act of
bending down ; variation from rectitude, oblique mo-,
3 — oil 299 — poind 313— t/i\n 4C6 — THIS 469
tion, obliquity; variation from a fixed point; in navi.
§ation, the variation of the needle from the true meri-
ian of any place to the East or West ; in astronomy,
the declination of a star, we call its shortest distance
from the equator.
DECLINATOR, d^k-l^-na-t&r, 521. ?
DECLINATORY, d^kllnia-t&r. 4, C*
strument in dialing. See Inclinatory.
To DECLINE, d£-kllru>/ v. n. To lean downwards,
to deviate, to run into obliquities; to shun, to refuse,
to avoid any thing ; to be impaired, to decay.
To DECLINE, di-kline,' v. a. To bend downward?,
to bring down ; to shun, to refuse, to be cautious of ;
to modify a word by various terminations.
DECLINE, d^-kllne,' s. The state of tendencj to the
worse, diminution, decay.
DECLIVITY, d<^-kllvi^ ti, s. 511. Inclination, or
obliquity reckoned downwards, gradual descent.
DECLIVOUS, d^-kll-vus, adj. 503. Gradually de-
scending, not precipitous.
To DECOCT, d^-kokt/ v. a. To prepare by boiling
for any use, to digest in hot water; to digest by the
heat of the stomach ; to boil up to a consistence.
DECOCTIBLE, d£-k5kit£-bl, adj. That may be
boiled, or prepared by boiling.
DECOCTION, d£-kt>k-shftn, s. The act of boiling
any thing; a preparation made by boiling in water
DECOCTURE, de-k6k-tshire, s. 461. A substance
drawn by decoction.
DECOLLATION, d£k-k<M-la-sh&n, s. The act of
beheading.
To DECOMPOSE, d£-k5m-p6ze/ v. a. (Decom-
poser, French.) To dissolve or resolve a mixed body.
fc*f This word is neither in Johnson's Dictionary, nor
any other I have seen, but is of such frequent use as to
deserve a place in all. To Decompound is frequently used
in this sense, but improperly ; for that word signifies to
mix compounded things together, while to Decompose
means to unmix or analyze things.
DECOMPOSITE, de-k&m-poz-lt, adj. 154. Com-
pounded a second time.
DECOMPOSITION, dt^-kom-po-zlsh'&n, s. The act
of compounding things already compounded.
To DECOMPOUND, d^-kftm-pSund,' v. a. To com.
pose of things already eompoundexl.
DECOMPOUND, di^-kftm-pound,' adj. Composed of
things or words already compounded.
To DECORATE, dek^ki-rate, v. a. 91. To adorn,
to embellish, to beautify.
DECORATION, d£k-kA-ra-sh&n, s. Ornament,
added beauty.
DECORATOR, d£kik6 ra-t&r, s. 521. An adorner
DECOROUS, d^-k&r&s, adj. 503. Decent, suitabl*
to a character.
Jf5" An uneducated English speaker is very apt to pro-
nounce this word with the accent on the first syllable, ac-
cording to the analogy of his own language ; but a learned
ear would be as much shocked at such a departure from
classical propriety, as in the words tmorVutfaA canorous,
512. When once the mere English scholar is set right in
this word, he will l>e sure to pronounce Dedecorous with
the accent on the penultimate likewise; and when he is
told that this is wrong, because that syllable in the Latin
word is short, he will not fail to pronounce Indecorous
with the antepenultimate accent; but what will be hii
surprise when he is informed that this too is wrong, be-
cause the penultimate syllable in Latin is long. — See In-
decorous.
To DECORTICATE, d£-k3r-td-kate, v. a. To di-
vest of the bark or husk.
DECORTICATION, de-k6r-t£-ka-sh&n, s. The act
of stripping the bark or husk.
DECORUM, de-kA-rftm, s. Decency, behaviour
contrary to licentiousness, seemliness.
To DECOY, de-koe,' v. a. 329. To lure into a
oa^e, to entrap.
DECOY, dt*-ko£,' s. Allurement to mischief.
DECOYDUCK, dd-koe-d&k, s. A duck that lurei
others.
To DECREASE, d<* kr£se,' v. n. 227. To grow
less, to be diminished.
DED
136
DEF
The last
fcj- 559. Fate 73, fur 77, ftll 83, fat 81 — mi 93, mSt 95— pln« 105, pin 107— no 162, m5ve 164,
DEDICATE, d£di£-kate, adj. Consecrate, devoted,
di-dic-atcd.
DEDICATION, d£d-£-ka-sh£in, * The act of dedi-
cating to any being or purpose, consecration ; an ad-
dress to a patron.
DEDICATOR., d&W-ka-t&r, «. 521. One who in-
scribes his work to a patron.
DEDICATORY, d&W-ka tiW, adj. 503. Com-
prising a dedication — See Dome^tici:
DEDITION, dtS -dlshi&n, *. The act of yielding up
any thing.
To DEDUCE, d4-diise,' v. a. To draw in a regular
connected series ; to form a regular chain of consequen-
tial propositions; to lay down in regular order.
DEDUCEMENT, d£.dusei-m£nt, s. The thing de-
duced, consequential proposition.
DEDUCIBLE, d£-duis<*-bl, adj. Collectible hj reason.
DEDUCIVE, d<i-du^slv, adj. Performing the act of
deduction.
To DEDUCT, d£-dukt/ v. a To subtract, to take
away.
DEDUCTION, d^-d&k^sh&n, s. Consequential col-
lection, consequence; that which is deducted.
DEDUCTIVE, dd-dukitiv, adj. Deducible.
DEDUCTIVELY, d£-d&k-tlv-l£, adv. Consequen-
tially, by regular deduction.
DEED, d^d, *. Action, whether good or bad ; ex-
ploit; power of action; written evidence of any legal
act ; fact, reality.
DEEDLESS, d£ed-l£s, adj. Unactive.
To DEEM, dWm, v. n. part. Dompt, or Deemed,
To judge, to conclude upon consideration.
DEEM, dWm, *. Judgment, opinion. Obsolete.
DEEP, d^p, adj. Measured from the surface down-
ward ; entering far, piercing a great way ; far from the
outer part ; not superficial, not obvious ; sagacious, pe-
netrating ; full of contrivance, politick, insidious;
grave, solemn ; dark coloured ; having a great degree of
stillness or gloom ; bass, grave in sound.
DEEP, d£4p, s. The sea, the main ; the most so-
lemn or still part.
To DEEPEN, de&pn, v. a. 359. To make deep, to
sink far below the surface; to darken, to cloud, to
make dark ; to make sad or gloomy.
DEF.PMOUTHED, d&nimouTHd, adj. Having a
hoarse and loud voice.
DEEPMUSING, d£4p-mii'zlng, adj. Contemplative,
lost in thought.
DEEPLY, deipM£, adv. To a great depth, far be-
low the surface ; with great study or sagacity; sorrow-
fully, solemnly! witha tendency todarkness" of colour;
in a high degree.
DEEPNESS, dt^p-n£s, *. Entrance far below UM
surface, profundity ; depth.
DEEU, (leer, 5, That class of animals which is bunt-
ed for venison.
To DEFACE, d£-fase,' v. a. To destroy, to rase, to
disfigure.
DEFACEMENT, de-fase-m^nt, «. Violation, injury,
erasement.
DEFACER, di-fa^sir, s. 28. Destroyer, abolisher,
violator.
DEFAILANCE, dd-fa-lanse, ». Failure.
To DEFALCATE, d£ fil-kate, v. a. To cut off, to
lop, to take away part.
8^- The a in this word does not go into the broad
German a in fall, not only because the consonant that fol-
lows the I is carried offtc the succeeding syllable, but be-
cause the word is derived from the Latin; and it must be
carefully ob-erved, that words from the learned languages
preserve the a before/, and another consonant in the ^hoit
middle sound of that vowel ; in the same manner as u in
fulminate preserves the short sound of that letter, and U
not pronounced like the same vowel hi full. 84. 177.
DEFALCATION, d£f-fal-kaish&n, s. 530. Dimi-
nution.
DEFAMATORY, mmntmLm**, adj. Calumni-
ous, unjustly censorious, libellous.
To DECREASE, d£-kr4se,' v. a. To make less, to
diminish.
DECREASE, d£ kr£se,' s. The state of growing less,
decay ; the wane of the moon.
To DECREE, d£-krti<*,' v. n. To make an edict, to
appoint by edict.
To DECREE, d^-kr^,' v. a. To doom, to assign by
a decree.
DECREE, d£-kr£4,' *. An edict, a law ; an estab-
lished rile; a determination of a suit.
DECREMENT, d£ki-kri-m£nt, s. 503. Decrease,
the state of growing less, the quantity lost by. decreas-
ing.
DECREPIT, di-kr^pi-It, adj. Wasted or worn out
with age.
85- This word is frequently mispronounced, as if spelt
dtcrepid.
To DECREPITATE, d£-kr£pn*-tate, v. a. To cal-
cine salt till it has ceased to crackle in the fire.
DECREPITATION, d4-kr5p-^-ta-shun, s. The
crackling noise which salt makes over the fire.
DECREPITNESS, de kr£p-It-n3s,
DECREPITUDE, d£-kr£p£^-ttide,
stage of decay, the last effects of old age.
DECRESCENT, d£ kr£sis5nt, adj. Growing les*.
DECRETAL, di-kri-tAl, adj. Appertaining to a
decree, containing a decree.
DECRETAL, di kr^til, or d^kir^-tal. A book
of decrees or edicts ; the collection of the Pope's decrees.
Jf5» All our lexicographers, except Dr. Johnson, place
the accent on the second syllable of this word ; and this
accentuation, it must be confessed, is agreeable to the
tx-st usage. But Dr. Johnson's accentuation on the first
syllable is unquestionably the most agreeable to English
analogy; first, because it is a trisyllable and a simple,
5G.>; next, because it is derived from the latter Latin
Decretalis ; which, in our pronunciation of it, has an ac-
cent on the first and third syllable ; and therefore, when
adopted into our language, by dropping the last syllable,
tikes the accent on the first. See Jicadrmy. That this
is the general analogy of accenting words from the Latin
which drop the last syllable, is evident from the words
Decrement, Increment, Interval, <Stc.
DECRETIST, di-kr&tist, j. One that studies the
decretals.
DECRETORY, d5kikr£-t&r-£, adj. 557. 512. Ju-
dicial, definitive.
DECRIAL, de-krl-al, t. Clamorous censure, hasty
or noisy condemnation.
To DECRY, d^-krl/ v. a. To censure, to blame
clamorously, to clamour against.
DECUMBENCE, d^-k&m-bense,
DECUMBEXCY, d&-k&m-b£n-si,
lying down, the posture of lying down.
DECUMBITURE, d£-k5m-bi-tshure, *. 463. The
time at which a man takes to his bed in a disease.
DECUPLE, d£ki&-pl. adj. 405. Tenfold.
DECURION, d4-kh-r£-6n, *. A commander over
ten.
DECISION, di-k&rish&n, *. The act of running
down.
DECURTATION, dek-k&r-taiih&n, *. 530. The
act of cutting short.
To DECUSSATE, di-k&sisate, v. a. To intersect at
acute angles.
DECUSSATION, d£k-k&s-sa-shfin, s. 530. The
act of crossing, state of being crossed at unequal angles.
To DEDECORATE, di-d£kikA-rate, v. a. To dis-
grace, to bring a reproach upon.
DEDECORATION, de-dek-kA-ra-shfrn, *. The act
of disgracing.
DEDECOROUS, d^-dikikA ris, adj. Disgraceful,
reproachful — See Decorous.
DE DENTITION, d£d-£n-tisb.i&n, *. 530. Loss or
shedding of the teeth.
To DEDICATE, d&W-kAte, v. a. To devote to
some divine power; to app-opriate solemnly to any
person or purpose ; to inscriue to a patron.
i. The act it
DEF
137
DEF
n6r 167, nit 163— tibe 171, tub 172, bill 173— ol! 299 — pofind 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
To DEFAME, de-fame,' v. a. To censure faUely in
publick, to dishonour by reports.
DEFAMER, de-fa-m&r, s. One that injures the re-
putation of another.
To DEFATIGATE, de-fat£<* gate, v. a. To weary.
DEFATIGATION, de-fat-e-ga-shun, s. Weariness.
DEFAULT, d£-fawlt,' s. Omission of that which we
ought to do, neglect; crime, failure, fault; defect,
want; in law, non-appearance in court at a day as-
signed.— See Fault.
DEFAULTER, de-fawlli&r, «. One who is defi-
cient in duty ; a peculator.
DEFEASANCE, de-fe^zanse, 5. The act of annul-
ling or abrogating any contract ; the writing in which
a defeasance is contained.
DEFEASIBLE, de-fe-ze-bl, adj. 405. That may
be annulled.
DEFEAT, dt*-fete,' s. The overthrow of an army;
act of destruction, deprivation.
To DEFEAT, di-fete,' v. a. To overthrow; to
frustrate.
DEFEATURE, de-fe'tshhre, s. 461.
Change of
feature, alteration of countenance. Not in use.
To DEFECATE, defifi-kate, v. a. 503. To purge,
to cleanse ; to purify from any extraneous or noxious
mixture.
DEFECATE, d££fe-kate, adj. Purged from lees or
foulness.
DEFECATION, d3f-fe-ka£shun, s. Purification.
DEFECT, de-fe'kt,' s. Want, absence of something
necessary; failing; a fault, a blemish.
DEFECTIBILITY, 'd&f§k-te-bll-e-td, s. The state
of failing, imperfection.
DEFECTIBLE, de-feki-te-bl, adj. Imperfect, defi-
cient.
DEFECTION, de-fekishun, s. A falling away, a-
postacy ; an abandoning of a king or state ; revolt
DEFECTIVE, de-fek-tlv, adj. 157. Full of de-
fects, imperfect, not sufficient ; faulty, blameable.
DEFECTIVENESS, de-f£k-tlv-nes, s. Want, fauiti-
uess.
DEFENCE, d^-fe'nse/ s. Guard, protection; vindi-
cation, justification, apology; prohibition; resistance;
in law, the defendant's reply after declaration produc-
ed ; in fortification, the part that flanks another work.
DEFENCELESS, de-f&nsti-l^s, adj. Naked, un-
armed, unguarded ; impotent,
To DEFEND, <f£-f£nd,' v. a. To stand in defence
of, to protect ; to vindicate, to uphold, to fortify ; to
prohibit ; to maintain a place, or cause.
DEFENDABLE, de feu-da-bl, adj. That maybe
defended.
DEFENDANT, de-fSn-darit, adj. Defensive, fit for
defence.
DEFENDANT, de-fe'nidant, s. He that defends a-
gainst assailants ; in law, the person accused or sued.
DEFENDER, de-f<§n£diir, s. 98. One that defends,
a champion ; an a&sertor, a vindicator ; iu law, an ad-
vocate.
DEFENSATIVE, d£-f£n-sa tlv, s. Guard, de-
fence; in surgery, a bandage, plaster, or the like.
DEFENSIBLE, dfi-f&AA-bl, adj. That may be de-
fended ; j ustifiable, capable of vindication.
DEFENSIVE, de-fenislv, adj. 428. That serves to
defend, proper for defence ; in a state or posture of de-
fence.
DEFENSIVE, dd-f£n£slv, s. 158. Safeguard; state
of defence.
DEFENSIVELY, de-f3n£slv-l£, adv. In a defensive
manner.
To DEFER, d^-fer,' t>. n. To put off, to delay to
act ; to pay deference or regard to another's opinion.
To DEFER, de-fer,' v. a. To withhold, to delay;
10 refer to, to leave to another's judgment.
DEFERENCE, defter-ease, s. 503. Regard, re-
complaisance, condescension, submission.
DEFICIENCE, d£-flsh-£nse,
DEFICIENCY,
:i-ense, 7
:i^n-s^, ^
tation to fight ; a challenge to make any impeachment
good ; expression of abhorrence or contempt.
S. Defect, failing,
imperfectii-n ; want, something less than is necessary.
DEFICIENT, de-f IslAInt, adj. Tailing, wanting, de-
fective.
DEFIER, d£-f 1-ur, s. A challenger, a contemner.
To DEFILE, d^ file,' v a. To make foul or impure ;
to pollute; to corrupt chastity, to violate; to Uint, to
vitiate.
To DEFILE, de-file/ v. n. To go off; file by file.
DEFILE, de-file,' s. A narrow passage.
ft^f- Some military coxcombs have endeavoured to In-
troauce the French pronunciation of this word DefiU, as
if written Dejf-fe-lay ; others have endeavoured to bring
it nearer to our own analojry, by pronouncing it in three
syllables, as if written Dejf'-fe-le. I am sorry to find Mr.
Sheridan has adopted this pronunciation : he is followed
only by Bailey and Ash ; the first of whom has it both
ways, and the last gives it only as an uncommon pronun-
ciation. Dr. Johnson and the rest are decidedly for the
general pronunciation, which is the same as the verb to
defile : and if this were urged as a reason to alter the pro-
nunciation of the substantive, it may be answered, that
the remedy would be worse than the disease See Howl.
To these observations it may be added, that if we pro-
nounce this word exactly like the French, because it is a
military term, we ought to pronounce a File of mus-
quetcers, a Feel of musqueteers.
DEFILEMENT, de^file-ment, $. The state of be-
ing defiled, pollution, corruption.
DEFILER, de-fi-l&r, s. 98. One that defiles, a
corrupter.
DEFINABLE, de-f lneia-bl, adj. Capable of defini-
tion ; .that may be ascertained.
To DEFINE, de-fine,' v. a To give the defini-
tion, to explain a thing by its qualities ; to circum-
scribe, to mark the limit.
To DEFINE, de- 1 ine,' v. ». To determine, to decide.
DEFINER, de-fi-nur, « On« that descr.bes a thing
by its qualities.
DEFINITE, de#e nit, adj. 503. 1 54. Certain, li-
mited; exact, precise.
DEFINITE, defie-nlt, «. 156. Thing explained or
defined.
DEFINITELY, def^e-nlt-le, adv. Precisely, in a
definite manner.
DEFINITENESS, d3£e-nlt-ngs, s. Certainty, li.
mitedness.
DEFINITION, def-e-nlsh-un, j. A short descrip-
tion of any thing by its properties; in logick, the ex-
lication of the essence of a thing by
i logic
its kin
d and dii-
Elica
:rer
DEFINITIVE, de-flnie-tlv, adj. Determinate, po-
sitive, express.
DEFINITIVELY, de-finie-tlv-l(J, adv. Positively,
decisively, expressly.
DEFINITIVENESS, de-flnie-tlv-ne's. s. Decisiveness.
DEFLAGRABILITY, def-fla-gra-bll-e-te, s. Com-
bustibility.
DEFLAGRABLE, de-fla-gra-bl, adj. Having the
quality of wasting away wholly in fire.
DEFLAGRATION, d^f-fla-gra-shin, s. Setting fire
to several things in their preparation.
To DEFLECT, de-flekt,' v. n. To turn aside, to
deviate from a true course.
DEFLECTION, de-flek-sh&n, s. Deviation, the act
of turning aside ; a turning aside, or out of the way.
DEFLEXURE, de-rfekishire, s. 479. A bending
down, a turning aside, or out of the way.
DEFLORATION, det'-fl6 ra-shfin, s. 53O. The ait
of deflouring ; the selection of that which is most va-
luable.
To DEFLOUR, dd-flour,' v. a. To ravish, to take
away a woman's virginity ; to take away the beauty and
grace of any thing.
DEFLOURER, de-flS&ir&r, *. 98. A ravisher.
DEFIANCE, de-fl^anse, s. A challenge, an invi- DKJ-I.L-OUS, def-flu-us, adj. That flows down;
Uiut taUs off.
DEG
DEL
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi 93, me't 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nil 62, m3ve 164,
To DEHORT, di hort,' v. a. To dissuade.
DKFLUXION, deUflSk'sh&n, j. The flowing down
of humours.
DKFI.Y, deY-li, adv. Dexterously, skilfully. Pro-
perly Deftly. Obsolete.
DEFJEDATION, d£l'-fii-da-sh&n, *. The act of
making filthy, pollution.
DEFORCEMENT, dt*-f6rseim£nt, s. A withholding
of lands ami-Tenements by force.
To DEFORM, de-firm/ v. a. To disfigure, to
make ugly ; to dishonour, to make ungraceful.
DEFORM, de-form,' adj. Ugly, disfigured.
DEFORMATION, def-f6r-ma-shin, s. 530. A de-
facing.
DEFORMEDLY, d£-fSr-m£d-li, adv. 364. In an
ugly manner.
DEFORMEDNESS, de-fSr-m&l-n&s, s. Ugliness.
DEFORMITY, d^-lor-mi-ti, 5. Ugliness, ill-favour-
eilness: irregularity.
DEFORSOR, de-l'6risur, s. 1 66. One that over-
comes and ca-ts out bv force. A law terra.
To DEFRAUD, de-frawd/ v. a. To rob, or deprive
by a wile or trick.
DEFRAUDER, de fraw-d&r, s- A deceiver.
To DEFRAY, d£ fra,' v. a. To bear the charges of.
DEFRAY ER, de.-fra-&r, t. 98. One that discharges
expense*.
DEFRAYMENT, di-fra-m&nt, *. The payment of
expenses.
DEFT, d£ft, adj. Neat, proper, dexterous. Ob-
solete.
DEFTLY, deTt-le, ado. Neatly, dexterously ; in a
skilful manner. Obsolete.
DEFl'NCT, de-fankt,' ailj. Dead, deceased.
DEFUNCT, de-f'Cmkt/ s. One that is deceased, a
dead man or woman.
DISFUNCTION, dd fungk-sh&n, s. 408. Death.
To DEFY, de-fl/ v. a. To call to combat, to chal-
lenge; to treat with contempt, to slight.
DEFY, d£ (1^ s. A challenge, an invitation to fight.
Not in use.
DEFIER, d^-fi-&r, s. A challenger, one that in-
vites to fight.
DEGENERACY, de-jSn-er-a-se;, s. A departing from
the virtue of our ancestors ; a forsaking of that which
is good ; meanness.
To DEGENERATE, d<*-j£ni&--ate, v. n. 91. To
fall from the virtue of our ancestors ; to fall from a
more noble to a base state; to fall from its kind, to
grow wild or base.
DEGENERATE, ci£ j£a-£r-ate, adj. Unlike his an-
cestors; unworthy, base.
DEGENERATENESS, ilt^-j£ni£r ate-nes, ». De-
generacy, state of being grown wild, or out of kind.
DEGENERATION, d£ jln-£r-a^shun, s. A devia-
tion from the virtue of one's ancestors; a falling from
a more excellent state to one of less worth ; the thing
changed from its primitive state.
DEGENEROUS, ile j&i^r-us, adj. Degenerated,
fallen from virtue; vile, base, infamous, unworthy.
DEGENEROUSLY, de-j4u^r-us-le, adv. In a de-
generate manner, basely, meanly.
DEGLUTITION, d^g-glii-tlshi-in, *. 530. The act
or power of swallowing.
DEGRADATION, d£g-gra da^shfin, s. 530. A de-
privation of an office or dignity ; degeneracy, baseness.
To DEGRADE, degrade/ v. a. To put one from
his degree ; to lessen, to diminish the value of.
DEGREE, d^-grei,' * Quality, rank, station ; the
state and condition in which a thing is ; a step or pre-
paration to any thing ; order of lineage, descent of
family ; measure, proportion ; in geometry, the three-
hundred ami-sixtieth part of the circumference of a cir-
cle ; in rnu-ick, the intervals of sounds.
By DEGREES, bi d£ grttez/ adv. Gradually, by
little ami little.
Df.GUSTATION, deg gus ta-shun, s. 430. A tast-
ing.
DEHORTATION, de-hir-ta^shin, s. Dissuasion,
a counselling to the contrary.
DEHORTATORY, de-lioritA-t&r-^, adj. 5!iJ. Be-
longing to dissuasion.
DF.HORTER, d£-hor-t&r, s. A dissuadcr, an adviser
to the contrary.
DEICIDE, de^-slde, *. 143. The death of our
U leased Saviour.
To DEJECT, d£-j£kt,' v. a. To cast down, to afflict,
to grieve ; to make to look sad.
DEJECT, de-j&kt,' adj. Cast down, afflicted, low-
spin ed.
DEJECTEDLY. d£-j!k-t3J-l£, adv. In a dejected
manner, afflictedly.
DEJECTEDNESS, d£-j&k-t£J-nds, *. Lowncss of
spirits.
DEJECTION, d^-jSkishftn, S. A lownes* of spirits,
nelancholy; weakness, inability ; a stool
DEJECTURE, de.-j£k-tshure, *. 461. The excre-
ment.
DEJERATION, d&Uj^-ra-shin, s. 530. A taking
of a solemn oath.
DEIFICATION, d£-£ fe-kaish&n, s. The act ol
deifying, or mak;ng a god.
DEIFORM, d^-fiJrm, adj. Of a godlike form.
To DEIFY, de^-fl, v. a. To make a god of, to a-
dore as God ; to praise excessively.
To DEIGN, dane, v. n. To vouchsafe, to think
worthy.
To DEIGN, dane, ». a. 249. To grant, to permit.
Not in use.
To DEINTEGRATE, de-In'ti grate, p. a. Todi-
minish.
DEIPAROUS, de-lpipa-rfis, adj. 518. That biingi
forth a God, the epithet applied to the Dlessed \
DEISM, de-izm, s. The opinion of those that oi.'.y
acknowledge one God, without the reception of any rt-
vealed religion.
DEIST, demist, S. A man who follows no particular
religion, but only acknowledges the existence of Go I.
DEISTICAL, dti-is^te-kal, adj. Belonging to the
heresy of the deists.
DEITY, dt^-t£, «. Divinity, the nature and essence
of God ; a fabulous god ; the supposed divinity of a
heathen god.
DELACF.RATION, de-lis s£r a'sh&n, *. A teaiing
in pieces.
DELACRYMATION, d^-lik-kre-ma^sh&n, s. The
waterishness of the eyes.
DEI.ACTATION, del-ik-ta-sh&n, s. 530. A wean-
ing from the breast.
DELAPSED, di-lapst/ adj. 359. Bearing or fulling
down.
To DELATE, delate,' v. a. To carry, to convey.
Not in use.
DELATION, d^-la-shun, s. A carrying, co,nvc-y-
ance; an accusation, an impeachment.
DELATOR, de-la-t&r, s. 166. An accuser, an in-
former.
To DELAY, de-la/ r. a. To defer, to put off; to
hinder, to frustrate.
To DELAY, d^-la,' v. n. To stop, to cease from
action.
DELAY, de-la/ $. A deferring, procrastin.itio.-j ;
I stay, stop,
: DELAYER, d4 li-&r, s. One that defers.
; DELECTABLE, de-ldk-ti-bl, adj. 405. Hearing,
I tflightfuL
DELECTABLENESS, d4-lekita-!)l-ne^s, «. Dfiifht.
| fulness, pleasantness.
I DELECTABLY, d^-l^k-tA bli. adv. Delightfully,
: pleasantly.
i DELECTATION, del-l^k ta-shun, *. Pleasure, tie-
) 1'ghL
I To DELEGATE, d£W4-gatr, v. a. 91. To »enj
DEL
139
DEM
n8r 167, n5t 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — 311 299— pSind 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
upon an embassy ; to intrust, to commit to another; to
appoint judges to a particular cause,
DELEGATE, d£l-ld-gate, *. 91. A deputy, a com-
missioner, a vicar ; in law, Delegates are persons dele-
gated or appointed by the king's commission to sit, upon
an appeal to him, in the Court of Chancery.
DELEGATE, d£l-ld-gate, adj. 503. Deputed.
DELEGATES, Court of, d£W£-gates, s. A court
wherein all causes of appeal, from either of the arch-
bishops, are decided.
DELEGATION, d£l-l£-ga-sh&n, *. A sending a-
way ; a putting into commission ; the assignment of a
debt to another.
To DELETE, d&-l£te,' t>. a. To blot out.
DELETERIOUS, d5l-£-td-r<i &s, adj. 530. Deadly,
destructive.
DELETERY, d£W-t£r £, adj. Destructive, deadly.
DELETION, d^-l^-sh&n, s. Act of raising or blot-
ting out ; a destruction.
' £d£lf, S. A mine, a quarry ; earthen ware,
counterfeit china ware.
To DELIBERATE, d£-llb£4r-ate, t>. *. 91. To
think in order to choice, to hesitate.
DELIBERATE, d^-llb^r ate, adj. 91. Circum-
spect, wary ; slow.
DELIBERATELY, dd-llb^r-ate-ld, adv. Circum-
spectly, advisedly.
DELIBERATENESS, d£-flbi&r-ate n£s, *. circum-
spection, wariness.
DELIBERATION, dd-llb-£r-a£sh&n, s. The act of
deliberating, thought in order to choice.
DELIBERATIVE, dd-Hb^r-a-tlv, adj. Pertaining
to deliberation, apt to consider.
DELIBERATIVE, d£-lll/£r-a-tlv, t. The discourse
in which a question is deliberated.
DELICACY, d£l-£-ka-sd, i. Daintiness, niceness in
eating; any thing highly pleasing to the senses; soft-
ness ; nicety ; politeness ; indulgence ; tenderness, scru-
pulousness ; weakness of constitution.
DELICATE, d£W-kate, adj. 91. 503. Fine, con-
sisting of small parts; pleasing to the eye; nice, pleas-
ing to the taste ; dainty, choice, select ; gentle of man-
ners ; soft, effeminate ; pure, clear.
DELICATELY, d£l-d-kate-l£, adv. Beautifully ;
finely; daintily; choicely; politely; effeminately.
DELICATENESS, d£l-£-kat<;-n5s, s. The state of
being delicate.
DKLICATES, d£W-kites, s. Niceties, rarities.
DELICIOUS, d£.l]sh-us, adj. 507. Sweet, delicate,
that affords delight.
DELICIOUSLY, d(i-llsh-us-le, ado. Sweetly, plea-
santly, delightfully.
DELICIOUSNESS, d£-l!shias-n3s, s. Delight, plea-
sure, joy.
DELIGATION, d^l-le-ga^sh&n, s. A binding up.
DELIGHT, de-Hte,' s. 393. Joy, pleasure, satisfac-
tion; that which gives delight.
To DELIGHT, de lite/ v. a. To please, to content,
to satisfy.
To DELIGHT, d£-lltc,' v. n. To have delight or
pleasure in.
DELIGHTFUL, di-lite-ful, adj. Pleasant, charm-
ing.
DELIGHTFULLY, d£-liteiful-l<i, adv. Pleasantly,
charmingly, with delight.
DELIGHTFULNESS, d£-lite-ful.n£s, *. Pleasant-
ness, satisfaction.
DELIGHTSOME, dd-llte-s&m, adj. Pleasant, d
lightful.
DELIGHTSOMELY, d£-HU'is&m-le, adv. Pleasant-
ly, in a delighttul manner.
DELIGHTSOMENESS, d&Bb&ftm-nds, *. plea-
santness, delightfulness.
To DELINEATE, d^-lin-£-au>, v. a. To draw the
first draught of a thing ; to design ; to paint in colours
to represent a true likeness ; to 'lescribe.
DELINEATION, dd-lln-d-a'sh&n, *. The first
draught of a thing.
DELINQUENCY, d<*-llng-kw£n-s£, *. A fault, fail-
ure in duty.
DELINQUENT, d£-llng-kw£nt, *. An offender.
To DELIQUATE, ddl-l£-kwate, v. w. 503. To
melt, to be dissolved.
DELIQUATION, d£l-ld-kwa£shCm, $. A melting, a
dissolving.
DELIQUIUM, d4-lik-kwt*-&rn, *. A distillation by
the force of fire.
DELIRIOUS, de-llr-^ -&s, adj. 507. Light headed,
raving, doating.
DELIRIUM, dd-llr-d-im, j. Alienation of mind,
dotage.
To DELIVER, dd-llv-ur, v. a. To give, to yield ;
to cast away ; to surrender, to put into one's hands ; to
save, to rescue; to relate, to utter; to disburden a wo-
man of a child ; to deliver over, to put into another's
hands, to give from hand to hand; To deliver up, to
surrender, to give up
DELIVERANCE, dd-llviir-anse, s. The act of de-
livering a thing to another ; the act of freeing from
captivity or any oppression, rescue; the act of speak
ing, utterance ; the act of bringing children.
DELIVERER, dd-llv-&r-ur, s. A saver, a rescuer,
a preserver; a relater, one that communicates some-
thing.
DELIVERY, dd-llv'&r-d, s. The act of delivering,
or giving ; release, rescue, saving ; a surrender, giving
up ; utterance, pronunciation ; child-birth.
DELL, d£l, s. A pit, a valley.
DELPH, dSlf, *. A fine sort of earthen ware.
DELUDABLE, d£-lh-da-bl, adj. 405. Liable to be
deceived.
To DELUDE, di-lude/ v. a. To beguile, to cheat,
to deceive.
DELUDER, dd-li&l&r, t. A beguiler, a deceiver,
an impostor.
To DELVE, d&lv, v. a. To dig, to open the ground
with a spade ; to fathom, to sift.
DELVE, delv, s. A. ditch, a pitfal, a den.
DELVER, d&iv&r, s. 98. A digger.
DELUGE, d^l-Utje, «. A general inundation ; an
overflowing of the natural bounds of a river ; any sud-
den a id resistless calamity.
To DELUGE, ddl-lilje, i/. a. To drown, to lay to-
tally under water ; to overwhelm.
DELUSION, d4-lu-zh&n, s. A cheat, guile ; a false
representation, illusion, error.
DELUSIVE, dd-lfi-slv, 158. 428. 7 adj. Apt to
7 adj. Apt t
. y deceive.
DELUSORY, d£-lh-s&r4, 557. 429,
DEMAGOGUE, d&n-a-gftg, s. 338. A ringleader
of the rabble.
DEMAIN, \ dd-mine/ s. Thailand which a man
DEMESNE, |
holds originally of himself. It is sometimes used also
for a distinction between those lands that the lord of
the manor has in his own hands, or in the hands of his
lessee, and such other lands appertaining to the said
manor as belong to free or copyholders.
DEMAND, d^-mand,' s. 79. A claim, a challeng-
ing; a question, an interrogation; a calling for a thing
in order to purchase it ; in law, the asking of what it
due.
To DEMAND, de-mand,' t>. a. To claim, to ask
for with authority.
DEMANDABLE, d^-man^da-bl, adj. That may be
demanded, asked for.
DF.MANDANT, de-manidaut, s. He who is actor or
plaintiff in a real action.
DEMANDER, d^-man-d&r, *. One that requires a
thing with authority ; one that asks for a thing in order
to purchase it.
DEMEAN, d^-mine/ s. A mien, presence, carriage.
Obsolete.
To DEMEAN, dd-m^no,' t>. a. To behave, to carrj
one's self; to lessen, to dcbasa.
DE.M 140 DEX
»5- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall S3, fat 81 — m£ D3, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin IO7— nA 162, m5ve 164,
DEMEANOUR, di-m&n&r, *, 314. Carriage, be-
di.m&,
An estate In lands.
To DEMUR, d^-m&r; D. a. To doubt of.
DEMUR, d^-m&r,' t. Doubt, hesitation.
DEMURE, demure,' adj. Sober, decent; grave,
haviour.
DEMEANS, 7
DEMESNES, J | affectedly mcxi&st.
DEMERIT, d^ m£rilt, *. The opposite to merit, DEMURELY, d&-m&re-l£, adv. With affected nio-
ilUdeserving. I desty, solemnly.
DEMI, d5ir»W, insejHtrnbk particle. Half, as, derm- DEMURESESS, d£-m&re£n£s, 3. Modesty, sober .
god, that is, half human and half divine. | ness, gravity of aspect; affected modesty.
DEMI-CANNON, d3mi£ kAn-n&n, s. A great gun. DEMURRER, dti rnftr-iir, t. 98. A kind of paus«
DOII-CULYERIN, d^m^-t&liv £r-tn, *. A small «P°» * P"int ditfli-ulty in an action.
cannon. j DEMY, de-mi,'
DEMI DEVIL, d&m'-i-A£v-\-l, s. 405. Half a devil. I Ie3e. Oxford >
DEMI-GOD, d&n^-&d s. Partakin of divine DEMY, de-rm,' adj. A kind of paper.
nature, half a god
S]tear.
d3m££-lanse, s. A light lance, a
DEMI-MAV, d£m^-man, s. Half a man.
DEMI- WOLF, d£mri-w&lf, *. Haifa wotf.
DEMISE, di-mlzi-,' s. Death, decease.
To DEMISE, dA-mlze^ v. a. To grant at one's
death, to bequeath.
DEMISSION, d£-mlsh£&n, 5. Degradation, dimi-
nution of dignity.
To DEMIT, d«5-rhlt,' v. a. To depress.
DEMOCRACY, di-mok-kra-si. s. One of the three
forms of government, that in which the sovereign power
is lodged in the body of the people.
DEMOCRATS, d£m-i-krat, *. A new-coined word
from democracy ; a friend to popular go\ eminent.
See Aristocrate.
A half fellow of Magdalen CoU
DEN, den, 5. A carern or hollow running hori-
DEMOCRATICAL, c'&n-A-krat^-kal, adj. 530.
Pertaining to a popular government, popular.
To DEMOLISH, d4-m&Ulsh, v. a. To throw down
buildings, to raze, to destroy.
DEMOLISHER, d£-m61-lish-&r, j. One that throws
down buildings ; a destroyer.
DEMOLITION, d&n 6-Hsh-5n, A 530. The act of
overthrowing buildings ; destruction.
DEMON, de-uion, 5. A spirit, generally an evil
spirit.
DEMONIACAL, d^in-6-nKa kal,
DKMONIAGK,
506. Be-
longing to the Devil, devilish ; influenced by the devil.
DEMONIACK, d£-moin£-£k, s. 505. One possess-
e.l by the devil.
DLMONIAN, d*-m5in^-5n, adj. Devilish.
DuMONOLOGY, d5m 6-nol-6-je, s. 53O. Discourse
of the nature of devils.
DEMONSTRABLE, de-ministru bl, adj. That may
be provetl beyond doubt or contradiction.
DEMONSTRABLE, d^-ministri-ble, adv. in such
a manner as admits of certain proor'.
To DEMONSTRATE, d^-mfin-str^te, v. a. 91. To
prove with the highest degree of certainty,
DEMONSTRATION, dthn-mon-stra^hun, s. 53O.
The highest degree of deducible or argumer.tal evidence;
indubitable evidence of the senses or reason.
DEMONSTRATIVE, de-m&n^stri-tlv, adj. Having
the power of demonstration, invincibly conclusive;
having the power of expressing clearly.
DEMONSTRATIVELY, d£-m<!>n-stri-tlv-l»i, adv.
With evidence not to be opposed «r doubted ; clearly,
plainly, with certain knowledge.
DEMONSTRATOR, d£in-m&n-stra-t&r, s. One that
proves, one that teaches,
J^?- The accent on the penultimate syllable of this
word seems appropriated to one whose oih'ee it is to de-
monstrate or exhibit any part of philosophy; when it
merely means one who demonstrates any thing in general,
the .lecent is on the same syllable as the verb. 521.
DK \JONSTKATOUY, dd-muns-tr;Y-tar-«J, adj. 512.
.ving the tendency to demonstrate.
DEMULCENT, de-rn&l-s^nt, adj. Softening, molli-
t'jvng, assuasive.
T<> DEMUR, de-m&r,' v. n, T.> iVlay a process in
la-v by doubts and objectious; to cuuOt» to ha\e scru-
zon tally ; the cave of a wild beast ; Den may signify
either a valley, or a woody place.
DENAY, di-na,' S. Denial, refusal. Obsolete.
DENDROLOGY, d£n-dr&l-l<i.j£, *. 518. The na-
tural history of trees.
DENDROMETER, ddn dr&m^-t&r, s. The name
of an instrument for measuring trees.
DENIABLE, d£-nU£ bl, adj. That may be denied.
DENIAL, de-ni-al, s. Negation, refusal.
DENIER, de-ni'&r, S. 98. A contradictor, an op-
ponent ; one that does not own or acknowledge; a re-
fuser, one that refuses.
DENIER, d£-n&v£ s. A small denomination of
French money.
To DENIGRATE, d&i^-grate, or d4-ni-grate,
v. a. To blacken.
our lexicographers, except Dr. Johnson, ac-
cent thi$.w.ord on. the second syllable. Placing the accent
on the first, is undoubtedly conformable to a very pre-
vailing analogy of our language, 5U3. But all words de-
rived from Latin words, retaining the same number of
syllables, seem to retain the accent of their original, 503,
e. Thus to Denigrate has the accent on », because that
letter is long, and has the accent in Denigro ; and to im-
migrate has the accent on the first syllable, because in K-
MiffTO the same letter is short, and the accent is en the
antepenult! mate — See Arietate and Caactrvate.
In a fbrrnri edition of this Dictionary, I followed th9
general voice t,J .ill our orthoepists, except Dr. Johnson,
without recoiieetmg thst the i in the Latin rfrni^romi^ht
be nrunounttvi either long <rr short ^ and that when thi$
is the case, v»? generally adopt the short sound in word*
derived from tnat language; and as thi» short sound is
more agreeable to the analogy of our awn language, [)r
Jtthnstjn's accentuation seems to be the preferable, 503, 545.
DENIGRATION, d^n-i-gra^shfin, s. A blacken-
ing, or making black.
DENIZATION, d4n-£-za£sh&n, 5. The act of en-
franchising.
DENIZEN, ? d&n'-£-zn, s. 1O3, 17O. A freemarr,
DEN 1 SON, S one enfranchised.
To DENOMINATE, d£-n5mie-nate, r. a. To
name, to give a name to.
DENOMINATION, d^-n&m-i-na-shun, $. A name
given to a thing.
DENOMINATIVE,
adj. Thai
(fives a name; that obtains a distinct appellation.
DENOMINATOR, di-nim^.iia-t&r, s. 520. The
givtr of a name.
DENOTATION, d^n-^-ta-shfin, *. The act of de-
noting.
To DENOTE, d^-n6te,' v. a. To mark, to be »
sign of, to betoken.
To DENOUNCE, d£-n3unse/ v. a. To threaten by
proclamation.
DENOUNCEMENT, de-nouase-m£nt, *. The ar.t
of proclaiming any menace.
DENOUNCER, de-nouii-sir, s. One that declares
some menaee.
DENSE, dense, ad/. Close, compact, approarhir.g to
solidity.
DENSITY, d£n-s«*-t<*, s. Closeness, compactness.
DENTAL, deni-tal, adj. Belonging or relating fa
the teeth ; in grammar, such letters as are
principally by the agency of the teeth.
DEP
141
DEP
nor 167, not Ifi3— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — piund 313 — tfi\n 466 — THIS 469
DEPENDANT, de-penidant, adj. In the power at
DENTELLI, den-teWe, *. Modillons. A kind of
brackets.
DENTICUI.ATION, den-tik-u-la-shun, *. The state
of being set with small teeth.
DENTICULATED, den-tlk-u-la-te'd, adj. Set with
small teeth.
DENTIFRICE, den-te-fls, s. 142. A powder made
to scour the teeth.
DENTIST, den-tlst, S. A surgeon who confines his
practice, to the teeth
DENTITION, d£n-tlsh-5n, s. The act of breeding
the teeth ; the time at which children's teeth are bred.
To DKNUDATE, de-nu-date, v. a. To divest, to
strip — See To Denigrate.
DENUDATION, d£n-nu-da£shun, j. 527. The act
of stripping.
To DENUDE, de-n6de,' v. a. To strip, to make
naked.
DENUNCIATION, d^-nun-she a-shun, 5. The act
of denouncing, a publick menace.
DENUNCIATOR, de-nun-she-a-t&r, s. He that
proclaims any threat ; he that lays an information a-
gainst another.
To DENY, de-nl' u. a. To contradict an accusation ;
to refuse, not to grant ; to disown ; to renounce, to dis-
regard.
To DEOBSTRUCT, de-5b-strukt,' v. a. To clear
.from impediments.
DEOBSTRUENT, de-6bistru-5nt, s. A. medicine
that has the power to resolve viscidities.
DEODAND, de-6-dand, s. A thing given or for-
feited to God for pacifying his wr.ath,,in case of any
misfortune, by which any Christian comes to a violent
end, without th,e fault of any reasonable creature.
To DEOPPILATE, de &pipe-late, v. a. To deob-
struct, to clear a passage.
DEOPPILATION, de-Sp-pe-la^shun, s. The act of
clearing obstruction.
DEOPPILATIVE, de-5p-p£-la-tlv, adj. Deobstruent
I)EOSCULATION, de-os-ku-la-shun, s. The act of
kissing.
To DEPAINT, de-pant,' v. a. To picture, to de-
scribe by colours ; to describe.
T<) DEPART, de-part,' v. n. To go away from a
place ; to desist from a practice ; to be lost ; to desert,
to apostatize ; to desist from a resolution or opinion ; to
die; to decease, to leave the world.
To DEPART, de-part,' v. a. To quit, to leave, to
retire from.
To DEPART, de-part,' v. a. To divide, to separ-
ate.
DEPART, de part,' s. The act of going away ; death ;
with chymists, an operation so named, beeausethepar-
, -tides of silver are departed or divided from gold.
DEPARTER, de-par-tur, s. One that refines metals
by separation.
DEPARTMENT, de-part-ment, s. Separate allot-
ment, business assigned to a particular person.
DEPARTURE, de-paritshure, s. 461. A going a-
way; death, decease; a forsaking, an abandoning.
DEPASCENT, d^-pas^sent, adj. Feeding greedily.
To DEPASTURE, de-pas-tshure, v. a. To eat up,
to consume by feeding upon it.
To DEPAUPERATE, de pawiper-ate, v. a. To
make poor.
DEPECTIBLE, de-pek-te-bl, adj. Tough, clammy.
2'o DEPEND, de-p^nd,' t>. n. To hang from ; to
be in a state of servitude or expectation ; to be in sus-
pense ; to depend upon, to rely on, to trust to ; to be
In a state of dependauce ; to rest upon any thing as its
cause.
DEPENDANCE, de-penMinse, , g ^
DKPENDANCY, d£ penklan-se, $
hanging down from a supporter ; something hanging
A thing or
V. a. To
upon another ; concatenation, connexion, relation of
one thing to another ; state of being at the disposal of \
another.
DEPENDANT, de penidant, s. One who lives in
subjection, or at the discretion of another.
DEPENDENCE, de-pen-dense,
DEPENDENCY, de-pen-den-s&
person at the disposal or discretion of another; state of
being .subordinate, or subject ; that which is not princi-
pal, that which is subordinate; concatenation, crn-
nexion ; relation of any thing to another ; trust, reli-
ance, confidence.
DEPENDENT, d£-p£n£d£nt, adj. Hanging down.
DEPENDENT, de-p£n-d£nt, S. One subordinate.
DEFENDER, de-p£n-dur, s. 98. A dependant, one
that reposes on the kindness of another.
DEPERDITION, dep-er-dish-un, s. 527. Loss, de-
struction.
DEPHLEGMATION, def-fleg-ma£3hun, s. 530. An
operation which takes awav from the phlegm auy
spirituous fluid by repeated distillation.
To DEPHLEGM, de-flem,' 389. ,
To DEPHLEGMATE, de-fleg-mate, 91,
clear from phlegm, or aqueous insipid, matter.
DEPHLEGMEDNESS, de-fleini£d nes, s. The qua-
lity of being freed from phlegm.
To DEPICT, de-plkt,' v. n. To paint, to portray ;
to describe to the mind.
DEPICTURE, de-plk-tshure, v. a. To represent
in painting.
DEPILATORY, de-pll-li t&r-e, s. An application
used to take away hair.
DEPILOUS, de pl-l&S, adj. Without hair.
DEPLANTATION, d£p-lan-ta-sh5n, s. The act of
taking plants up from the bed.
DEPLETION, de-pleish&n, s. The act of emptying.
DEPLORABLE, de-plo-ra-bl, adj. Lamentable, sad,
calamitous, despicable.
DEPLORABLENESS, de-pl6-ra-bl-nes, s. The state
of being deplorable.
DEPLORABLY, de-plo-ra-ble, adv. Lamentably,
miserably.
DEFLORATE, de-plo^rate, adj. 91. Lamentable,
hopeless. — See To Denigrate.
DEFLORATION, dep-16-ra-shun, s. 530. The act
of deploring.
To DEPLORE, d<l-pl6re/ v. a. To lament, to be-
wail, to bemoan.
DEPLORER, de-pl6-r&r, s. A lam'enter, a mourner.
DEPLUMATION, dep-lu-ma-shun, .?. 527. Pluck-
ing off the feathers ; in surgery, a swelling of the eye-
lids, accompanied with the fall of the hairs.
To DEPLUME, de-plume,' v. a. To strip of its
feathers.
To DEPONE, d^-p6ne,' v. a. To lay down as a
pledge or security ; to risk upon the success of an ad-
venture.
DEPONENT, de-p&nlnt, s. 5O3. One that depose/
his testimony in a court of justice ; in grammar, such
verbs as have no active voice are called deponents.
To DEPOPULATE, de-p6piu-late, v. a. To un-
people, to lay waste.
DEPOPULATION, de pSp-u-lai-shun, s. The act of
unpeopling, havock, waste.
DEPOPULATOR, de-p&piu-la-tur, s. 521. A dis-
peopler, a destroyer of mankind.
To DEPORT, de-p6rt/ v. a. To carry, to demean.
DEPORT, de-port,' s. Demeanour, behaviour.
DEPORTATION, dep-or-ta-shun, s. Transportation,
exile into a remote part of the dominion ; exile in go
ncral.
DEPORTMENT, de-pirt-mdnt, s. 512. Conduct,
management, demeanour, behaviour.
To DEPOSE, de-pozt,' v- a. To lay down ; .to tic-
grade from a throne; to take away, to divest ; to ;iv
- i testimony, to aUest.
another; the things or persons of which any man has — DFPOSF d^ 11070' « n To bear
the dominion ; reliance, trust, confidence. I -fo **«K*«» ue-poze, f. n. io Dear
DEP 142 DES
|£>- 5.59. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fAt 81— me* 93, mSt 15— pine 105, pi" 107— ni 162, rr.Sve 164.
DEPOSITARY, di-pizi£-tar-4 ». 512. One with
whom any thing is lodged in trust
To DEPOSITE, d4-p5zilt, t. a. To lay up, to lodge
in any place ; to lay up as a pledge or security ; to lay
aside.
DEPOSITS, d<*-piz-lt, S. 154. Any thing commit-
ted to the trust and care of another ; a pledge, a pawn,
the state of a thing pawned or pledged.
DEPOSITION, d&p pA-zlsh-&n, s. The act of giv-
ing publick testimony ; the act of degrading a prince
from sovereignty.
s. 512. The place
DEPOSITORY,
where any thing is lodged.
DEPRAVATION, d£p-ra-vaish&n, s. 530. The
act of making any thing bad ; degeneracy, depravity.
To DEPRAVE, dd-prave/ v. a. T< violate, to cor-
rupt.
DEPRAVEDNESS, d£ pravdin£s, s. Corruption,
taint, vitiated state.
DEPRAVEMENT, di-praveim^nt, *. A vitiated state.
DEPRAVER, di-pra^v&r, s. A corrupter.
DEPRAVITY, de-prAvi<i-t£, s. 511. Corruption.
To DEPRECATE, d£p-pr£-kate, v. a. 91. To im-
plore mercy oft to beg off; to pray deliverance from.
Prayer a-
512.
DEPRECATION, d£p-pre ka-sh&n, s.
gainst evil.
DEPRECATIVE, dJpi-pre-ka-tlv, 1
DEPRECATORY, d£p-pre-ka-t&r-£, J
That serves to deprecate.
To DEPRECIATE, d£-pr££she ate, v. «. 91. To
bring a thing down to a lower price; to undervalue.
To DEPREDATE, d£pipre-date, v. n. 91. To rob,
to pillage ; to spoil, to devour.
DEPREDATION, d£p-pr£ da-sh&n, s. A robbing,
a spoiling; voracity, waste.
DEPREDATOR, d£p-pre>da-t&r, s. 521. A robber,
a devourer.
To DEPREHEND, d£p-pre-h£nd/ v. a. To catch
one, to take unawares ; to discover, to find out a thing.
' Little used.
DEPREHENSIBLE, de'p-pre-h^iA^-bl, adj. That
may be caught ; that may be understood.
DEPREHENSIBLENESS, d£p-prd-h£n- ^e-bl n£s,
Capableness of being caught ; intelligibleuess.
DEPREHENSION, d£p pre-h£iAh&n, s. A catch-
ing, or taking unawares; a discovery.
To DEPRESS, de pr£s,' v. a. To press or thrust
down; to let fall, to let down ; to humble, to deject, to
sink.
DEPRESSION, d£-pr£sh£frn, S. The act of pressing
down ; the sinking or falling in of a surface ; the act
of humbling, abasement
DEPRESSOR, de-pr£s^s&r, s. 166. He that keeps
or presses down.
DEPRIVATION, d£p-pn*-vaishfrn, *. 530. The
act of depriving or taking away from ; in law, is when
a clergyman, as a bishop, parson, vicar, or prebend, is
deposed from his preferment.
To DEPRIVE, de-prive,' v. a. To bereave one of a
thing; to put out of an office.
DEPTH, d&pth, s. Deepness, the measure of any
thing fiom the surface downwards; deep place, not a
shoal , the abyss, a gulf of infinite profundity ; the mid-
dle or height of a season ; abstruseness, obscurity.
To DEPTHEN, dfaffita, v. a. 103 To deepen.
DEPULSION, d^-pul-sh&n, t. 177. A beating or
thrusting away.
DEPULSORY, dd-p&Us&r-d, adj. 440. Putting or
driving away.
To DEPURATE, d£p^(!i-rate, i>. a. 91. To purify
to cleanse.
DEPURATE, d£pifi-rate, adj. 5O3. Cleansed, freed
from dregs ; pure, not contaminated.
DEPURATION, dep-ii ra^sh&n, *. The act of se-
parating the pure from the impure part of any thing.
To DEPURE, d^-piire, v. a. To free from iiunuri-
tus i to purge.
DEPUTATION, d£p-{i-ta-shfin, s. The act of de-
puting, or sending with a special commission ; vice-
gerency.
To DEPUTE, d^-puto/ v- a. To send with a spe-
cial commission, to empower one to transact instead of
another.
DEPUTY, d5p'fl-t£, s. A lieutenant, a viceroy ; any
one that transacts business for another.
g^> This word is frequently mispronounced even by
food speaker*. There is a proneness in the p to slide into
t- nearest relation b, which inaku us often hear this
word as if written debbuty.
To DEQUANTITATE, dt*-kw&nit£-tate, v. a To
diminish the quantity of.
To DERACINATE, d^-ras^s£-nate, v. a. To i luck
or tear up by the roots.
To UERAIGN, 7 d^-rane,' v. a. To prove, to jus-
To DERAIN, $ tify.
To DERANGE, dd-ranje,' v. a. To disorder, to dii.
arrange.
DERAY, d^-ra,' s. Tumult, disorder, noise.
DERELICT, d^ri^-llkt, s. Any thing which '»» re.
linquishcd by the owner.
DERELICTION, d£r-£-lik-shun, *. An utter for-
saking or leaving.
To DERIDE, d^-rlde/ ». a. To laugh at, to mock,
to turn to ridicule.
DERIDER, dt^-rVd&r, s. 98. A mocker, a scoffer.
DERISION, d6-rlzh-&n, *. The act of deriding or
laughing at ; contempt, scorn, a laughing-stock.
DERISIVE, d^-ri-slv, adj. 428. Mocking, scoffing.
DERISORY, d£-ri-sir-£, adj. 429. 512. Mocking,
ridiculing.
DERIVABLE, d£-rUvi-bl, adj. Atta«iable by right
of descent or derivation,
DERIVATION, d5r-^.va-sh&n, *. 530. The tracing
of a word from its original ; the tracing of any thing
from its source ; in medicine, the drawing of a humour
from one part of the body to another.
DERIVATIVE, dd-r!v-i-tlv, adj. Derived or taken
from another.
DERIVATIVE, dd-rlv-ii dv, *. 157. The thing or
word derived or taken from another.
DERIVATIVELY, de-riv-a-tiv-le, adv. In a deriv.
ative manner.
To DERIVE, dd-rlvr/ v. a. To turn the course of
anything; to deduce from its original; to communi-
cate to another, as from the origin and source; in
grammar, to trace a word from its origin.
To DERIVE, dtUrlve,' r. n. To come from, to owe
its origin to; to descend from.
DERIVER, de-rlve^ttr, s. One that draws or feuhe*
from the original.
DERNIER, dirn-yare,' adj. Last.
To DEROGATE, d£r-o-gate, v. a. To lessen the
worih of any person or thing, to disparage.
To DEROGATE, d£rio gate, v. n. To retract.
DEROGATE, d£rio gate, 'adj. 91. Lessened in va-
lue.
DEROGATION, d£r-i-ga'shun, s. 530. A dispa-
raging, lessening or taking away the worth of an> |.er-
son or thing.
DEROGATIVE, d£-r6g-a-tlv, adj. Derogating, les-
sening the value.
DEROGATORILY, d£-r5gii t&r-£-lt5, adv. in a
detracting manner.
DEROGATORINESS, de-r5gia-t&r-£ n3s, s. The
act of derogating.
DEROGATORY, de-r&gii-tur-£, adj. 512. That
lessens the value of.
DERVIS, d^r-vls, S. A Turkish priest.
DESCANT, d&Ucint, S. 492. A song or tune; a
discourse, a disputation, a disquisition branched out
into several divisions or heads.
To DESCANT, d£s-kant/ v. n. TO harangue, t/j
discourse at large.
To DESCEND, d4-s3nd,' v. n. To oome from a
DES
143
DES
167, nil 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 311 299— p3und 313— Him 466 — THis 469.
" Th's Latin word is now so much in use as to re-
quire a place iu an English Dictionary ; and it were to b«
wished it were so far anglicised as to form its plural by
3, and not preserve its Latin plural Desiderata, as we al-
most always hear it.
DE8ID1OSE, de-sld-j£-6se,' adj. 376. Idle, lazy,
heavy. — See Appendix.
To DESIGN, de-sine,' v. a. 447. To purpose ; to
form or order with a particular purpose ; to devote in-
tentionally ; to plan, to project; to mark out.
Jf5» I have differed from Mr. Sheridan, by preserving
the s, in this word and its compounds, pure. I am sup-
thin
mai
higher place to a lower; to come down ; to come sud-
denly, to fall upon as an enemy ; to make an invasion ;
to proceed from an original ; to fall in order of inherit-
ance to a successor ; to extend a discourse from general
to particular considerations.
To DESCEND, de-s5nd,' v. a. To walk downward
upon any place.
DESCENDANT, de s^n-dant, *. The offspring of
an ancestor.
DESCENDENT, de s£u£dent, adj. Falling, sinking,
coining down ; proceeding from another as an original
or ancestor.
DESCENDIBLE, de-sen^de-bl, adj. Such as may be
descended ; transmissible by inheritance.
DESCENSION, de sen-shun, *. The act of falling
or sinking, descent ; a declension, a degradation.
DESCENT, de-s6nt/ s. The act of passing from a
higher place; progress downwards; invasion, hostile
entrance into a kingdom ; transmission of any thing by
succession and inheritance ; the stateof proceeding from
an original or progenitor ; birth, extraction, process of
lineage, offspring, inheritors ; a single step in the scale
of genealogy ; a rank in the scale or order of being.
To DESCRIBE, de-skrlbe/ v. a. To mark out any
ng by the mention of its properties ; to delineate, to
rk out, as a torch waved about the head describes a
circle ; to distribute into proper heads or divisions ; to
define in a lax manner.
DESCRIBE!*, de-skrl-bur, s. He that describes.
DESCRIER, de-skri-ur, s. 98. A discoverer, a de-
tecter.
DESCRIPTION, de-skrlpishun, s. The act of de-
scribing or making out any person or thing by percepti-
ble properties; the sentence or passage in which any
thing is described ; a lax definition ; the qualities ex-
pressed in a description.
DESCRIPTIVE, de-skrlpitlv, adj. 1 57. Describing.
To DESCRY, dd-skri,' v. a. To spy out, to exam-
ine at a distance ; to discover, to perceive by the eye,
to see any thing distant or absent.
DESCRY, d^-skri,' *. Discovery, thing discovered.
Not hi use.
To DESECRATE, des^se-krate, v. a. To divert
from the purpose to which any thing is consecrated.
DESECRATION, d&-se-kra-shun, * The abolition
of consecration.
DESERT, d^z^rt, s. Wilderness, waste country, un-
inhabited place.
DESERT, t)£z-ert, adj. Wild, waste, solitary,
To DESERT, de-zeYt,' v. a. To forsake ; to fall a-
way from, to quit meanly or treacherously ; to leave,
to abandon ; to quit the army, or regiment, in which
one is enlisted.
DESERT, d^-z^rt/ s. Qualities or conduct considered
with respect to lewards or punishments, degree of me-
rit or demerit; excellence, right to reward, virtue.
DESERTER, cli-zCritur, s. 98. He that lias for-
saken his cause or his post; he that leaves the army in
which he is enlisted ; he that forsakes another.
DESERTION, de zer-shuu, s. The act of forsaking
or abandoning a cause or post.
DKSERTLESS, de-zCrt-les, adj. Without merit.
To DESERVE, de-z^rv,' v. a. To be worthy of either
good or ill ; to be worthy of reward.
DESERVEDLY, de-zer-ved-le, adv. 364. Worthily,
a. cording to desert.
DESMRVER, d4-z£r£.vur, s. 98. A man who me-
rits rewards.
DESICCANTS, de-sik-kants, s. Applications that
dry up the flow of sores, driers.
To DESICCATE, de-sik-kate, v. a. 503. To dry
up.
DESICCATION, d£s-ik-kaish&n, s. The act of
making dry.
DESICCATIVE, de-slk-ki-tlv, adj. That has the
power of drying.
To DESIDERATE, de-sld-er-ate, v. a. To want
to miss. Not in use.
DESIDERATUM, de-sld-e-ra-tum, t. Some desirable
thing which is wanted.
ported in this by Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Per-
1 have always loo"
ee Principles, 447-
ry, and have always looked upon To Deugn as vul-
DESIGN, dd-sine/ s. An intention, a purpose ; a
scheme, a plan of action ; a scheme formed to the de-
triment of another ; the idea which an artist endeavours
to execute or express.
DESIGNABLE, de sme£a-bl, adj. Distinguishable,
capable to be particularly marked out.
DESIGNATION, d&>-sig-na-shun, ». The act of
pointing or marking out; appointment, directions;
import, intention.
To DESIGNATE, des-slg-nate, v. a. 503. To
point out or mark by some particular token.
DESIGNEDLY, de signed I'
intentionally.
le, adv. 364. Purposely,
DESIGNER, de-si-nur, s. 98. A plotter, a contriv-
er ; one that forms the idea of any thing in painting or
sculpture.
DESIGNING, d£-sl-nlng, part. adj. Insidious,
treacherous, deceitful.
DESIGNLESS, de-slne-l^s, adj. Unknowing, inad-
vertent.
DESIGNLESSLY, de-sine-les-le, adv. Without in-
tention, ignorantly, inadvertently.
DESIGNMENT, de sine-m£nt, *. A plot, a mali-
cious intention ; the idea, or sketch of a work.
DESIRABLE, de-zl-ra bl, adj. Pleasing, delightful ;
that is to be wished with earnestness.
DESIRE, de-zire/ s. Wish, eagerness to obtain or
enjoy.
To DESIRE, d£-zlre/ v. a. To wish, to long for ;
to express wishes, to iong ; to ask, to entreat.
DESIRER, de-zi-rur, s. 98. One that is eager af-
ter any thing.
DESIROUS, de-zi-rus, adj. 314. Full of desire,
eager, longing after.
DESIROUSNESS, de-zl-rus-n£s, *. Fullness of de-
sire.
DESIROUSLY, de'-zl-rus-li*, adv. Eagerly, with de-
sire.
To DESIST, dd-stst,' v. n. 447. To cease from any
thing, to stop.
Jt5" I navc preserved the s pure in this word, contrary
to Mr. S-hendan, who spells it dezist. Dr. Kenrick and
Mr. Perry are of my opinion, and 1 cannot see any rea-
son, either from custom or analogy, to alter it. -H7.
DESISTANCE, de-sis-tinse, s. The act of desisting,
cessation.
DESISTIVE, de-sls^tlv, ac/j. 157. Ending, conclud-
ing.
DESK, d£sk, s. An inclining table for the use of
writers or readers.
DESOLATE, d5s-sA-late, adj. 91. Without inha-
bitants, uninhabited ; deprived of inhabitants, laid
waste ; solitary, without society.
To DESOLATE, des-so-late, v. a. To depiive of
inhabitants.
DESOLATELY, de's'si late-It^, adv. In a desolate
manner.
DESOLATION, d£s-s6- la-shim, s. Destruction of
inhabitants; gloominess, melancholy; a place was;ed
and forsaken.
DESPAIR, de-spare/ s. Hojielessness, despondence
that which causes despair, that of which there i» iu
hope; in theology, loss of confidence in the mercy o
God.
To DESPAIR, de-spare,' v, n. To be without hope
to dvsi>oiKt
DES
144
DET
r>- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81— m^ 93,
DESPAIRER, d«*-spare-ir, *. One without hope.
DESPAIRINGLY, de-spairlng-l<*, adv. In a man-
ner betokening hopelessness.
To DESPATCH, dt^pitsh,' v. a. To send away
hastily ; to send out of the world, to put to death ; to
perform a business quickly ; to conclude an affair with
another.
JC>- There is a general rule in pronunciation, viz. when
a vowel ends a syllable immediately before the accent, that
yowel has a tendency to lengthen, and is often, particularly
in solemn speaking, pronounced as open as if the accent
were on it. See To Collect. 541.— This general tendency
inclines us to divide words, in such a manner as to make
the vowel end the unaccented syllable : and if the two
luceeedine consonants are eombinable, to carry them both
to that syllable which has the accent. When the e is thus
left to finish the syllable before the accent in de-spair, de-
x/M/cA, &c. it inclines to its open slender sound, which
being rapidly pronounced, falls into the short i, which is
exactly its short sound, 105. 107 ; for when the e is short
by being closed with a consonant, like other vowels, itgoes
into a different sound from the long one, 344. Thus the
word despatch, till Dr. Johnson corrected it, was always
written with an i ; and now it is corrected, wedo not find
the least difference in the pronunciation.
DESPATCH, di-spat^h,' s. Hasty execution; ex-
press, hasty messenger or message.
DESPATCHFUL, d4-spatsh-ful, adj. Bent on haste.
DESPERATE, d£s-p£.rate, adj. 91. Without hope ;
without care of safety, rash; irretrievable; mad, hot-
brained, furious.
DESPERATELY, d£sip£-rite-l<*, adv. Furiously,
madly ; in a great degree : this sense is ludicrous.
DESPERATENESS, dlsipd-rate-nls, s. Madness,
fury, precipitance.
DESPERATION, dSs-pe-riish&n, s. Hopelessness,
despair.
DESPICABLE, d3s^p4 ka-bl, adj. Contemptible,
mean, worthless.
DESPICABLENESS, d£sip£ ki bl-n3s, s Meanness,
vileness.
DESPICABLY, d&ipi-ka-bM, adv. Meanly, sor-
didly.
DESPISABLE, d£-spUza-bl, adj. Contemptible, re-
garded with contempt.
To DESPISE, dtUsplzf,' v. a. To scorn, to contemn.
DESPISER, d^-splizur, s. Contemner, scorner.
DESPITE, d£- spite/ s. Malice, anger, defiance; act
of malice.
DESPITEFUL, di-spiteiful, adj. Malicious, full of
spleen.
DESPITEFULLY, d£-splteiful-lt*, adv. Maliciously,
malignantly.
DESPITEFULNESS, d<*-spittif4l-n&, s. Malice,
hate, malignity.
Tn DESPOIL, d£-sp511,' v. a. To rob, to deprive.
DESPOLIATION, d^s-pA-lti-aish&n, s. 53O. The
act of despoiling or stripping.
To DESPOND, tUJ-sp&nd,' v. n. To despair, to lose
hope; in theology, to lose hope of the Divine mercy.
DESPONDENCY, d^-sp6nid4n-s«i, s. Despair, hope-
lessness.
DESPONDENT, di-sp5nAl3nt, adj. Despairing,
hopeless.
T> DESPONSATE, dd-sp5nisate, v a. To betroth,
to affiance.
DESPONSATION, d£s-p&n-sa'shun, s. 530. The
betrothing persons to each other.
DESPOT, des-p&t, s. An absolute prince.
DESPOTICAL, dti-sp6ti<i kll, ?
DESPOTICK, di-spitMk, 5 acv' •Absolute in
power, unlimited in authority.
DESPOTICALNESS, d£ sputi<i-kal-n&>, s. Absolute
authority.
DESPOTISM, d£sipA-tlzm, ». Absolute power.
DESSERT, d£z-z3rt,' s. The last course of an enter-
tainment.
To DESTINATE, d&iuJ-nate, v. a. TO design for
any particular cod.
n&t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, rnive 164,
DESTINATION, d£s-tt*-na-shun, s. The purpose
for which any thing is appointed.
To DESTINE, d^s-tln, v. a. 140. To doom, to ap-
point unalterably to any state ; to appoint to any use or
purpose ; to devote, to doom to punishment or misery ;
to fix unalterably.
DESTINY, dds-tt*-ne, s. The power that spins the
life, and determines the fate ; fate, invincible necessity,
doom, condition in future time.
DESTITUTE, d£sit£-tute, adj. Forsaken, abandon-
ed ; in want of.
DESTITUTION, d£s-t£ tu'shun, s. Wmt, the state
in which something is wanted.
To DESTROY, de-strut^ ?'. a. To overturn a city,
to raze a building, to lay waste, to make desolate ; to
kill ; to put an end to, to bring to nought.
DESTROYER, de-strS&ur, s. 98. The person that
destroys.
DESTRUCTIBLE, d£-strfrcit£-bl, adj. Liable to do-
struct ion.
DESTRUCTION, d^-strukishun, $. The act of de-
stroying, waste ; murder, massacre ; the state of being
destroyed ; in theplogy, eternal death.
DESTRUCTIVE, di-strakitlv, adj. That destroys,
wasteful, causing ruin and devastation.
DESTRUCTIVELY, d£-str&k-tiv-lt*, adv. Ruinou*.
ly, mischievously.
DESTRUCTIVENESS d£-strfik-tlv-n£s, *. The qua-
lity of destroying or ruining.
DESTRUCTOR, d^-strak-tor, ». 166. Destroyer,
consumer.
DESUDATION, d& ti-daishun, s. A profuse and
inordinate sweating.
DESUETUDE, d£s-sw£-tude, s. 334. Cessation
from being accustomed.
DESULTORY, d&i-ul-tur-^, 512. 7 ,•
' adj. Remov-
DESULTOREOUS, d£s-ul-t
ing from thing to thing, unsettled, unmethodical. — See
Subsidiary.
To DESUilE, di-sime/ v. a. To take from any
thing. (
To DETACH, di-tatsh,' v. a. To separate, to dis-
engage ; to send out part of a greater body of men on
an expedition.
DETACHMENT, d£-tatsh-m£nt, s. A body of
troops sent out from the main army.
To DETAIL, de-tale,' v. a. To relate particuLjly,
to particularize.
DETAIL, dt^-talt,' s. A minute and particular ac-
count.
To DETAIN, d^-tane/ ». a. To keep that which
belongs to another ; to withhold, to keep back ; to re-
strain from departure ; to hold in custody.
DETAINDER, de-taneidur, s. 98. The name of a
writ for holding one in custody.
DETAINER, d^-ta-nir, s. He that holds back anj
one's right, he that detains.
To DETECT, d^-t^kt,' v. a. To discover, to find
out any crime or artifice.
DETECTER, de-tekitfir, *. A discoverer, one that
finds out what another desires to hide.
DETECTION, d^-t^k-shun, s. Discovery of guih
or fraud ; discovery of any thing hidden.
DETENTION, di-t&i-shun, s. The act of keeping
what belongs to another; confinement, restraint.
To DETER, de-ter,' v. a. To discourage from any
thing.
DETERMENT, d£-t3riin£nt, s. Cause of discourag&-
ment.
To DETERGE, d£-t£rjt',' v. a. To cleanse a sore.
DETERGENT, d<i-tfir-j£nt, adj. Having the powet
of cleansing.
DEtERiORATlON, de-te-re-i-ra'sli&n, *. The act
of making any thing worse.
DETERMINABLE, dti-ter-m£-na-bl, adj. That may
be certainly decided.
DETERMINATE, c!<i-t£riiri£ nate, adj. 91.
ed> tsuOjlUhed; conclusive; fixed, iiAululc.
H5
DEV
167, nit 163 — tube 171, tfib 172, bull 173 — 311 299 — p5und 313— thin 466 — THIS 469,
To DEVELOP, di-veUi'ip, v. a. To disengage from
something that enfolds
DEVERGENCE, d£-v3r-j£nse, $. Declivity, declina-
tion.
To DEVEST, de-v£st/ v. a. To strip, to deprive of
' clofties ; to take away any thing good ; to free frorp
any thing bad.
DEVEX, dd-v^ks,' arf;'. Bending down, declivous.
Df.VF.XlTY, d£-v£k-s£ t£, s. Incurvation down-
wards.
To DEVIATE, de-ve-ate, t>. n. 542. To wander
from the right or common way ; to go astray, to err,
to sin.
DEVIATION, A&-V.& a-sh&n, s. The act of quit-
ting the right way, error ; variation from established
rule; offence, obliquity of conduct.
DEVICE, dd-vlct-/ S. A contrivance, a stratagem ;
a design, a scheme formed ; the emblem mi a shield j
invention, genius.
DEVIL, d£v-vl, s. 159. 405. A fallen angel, the
tempter and spiritual enemy of mankind.
DEVILISH, d5v-vl-Ish, adj. Partaking of the qua-
lities of the devil; an epithet of abhorrence or con
tempt.
DEVILISHLY, d£vivl-lsh-l£, adv. In a manner
suiting the devil.
DEVIOUS, deiv£-5s, adj, 542. Out of the com-
mon track ; wandering, roving, rambling ; erring, go-
ing astray from rectitude.
To DEVISE, de-vlze,' v a. 347. To contrive, to
invent; to grant by will.
To DEVISE, d^-vize,' v. n. To consider, to con-
trive.
DEVISE, di-vlze/ s. The act of giving or bequeath-
ing by will.
DEVISE, di-vlse,' *. 347 Contrivance. Properl)
Device
DEVISER, dd-vi-zur, s. A contriver, an inventor.
DEVITABLE, d£v£4-ta-bl, adj. Possible to be a-
voided.
DEVITATION, d3v-d ta-sh&n, s. The act of e-
scaping.
DEVOID, d^-vold/ adj. Empty, vacant; without
any thing, whether good or evil.
DEVOIR, dti-vwor,' s. Service ; act of civility or
obsequiousness.
To DEVOLVE, d£ vMv,' v. a. To roll down ; to
move from one hand to another.
To DEVOLVE, d£-v51v/ v. n. To fall in succes-
sion into new hands.
DEVOLUTION, d£v-6 Ui'sh&n, s. The act of roi-
ling down ; removal from hand to hand.
To DEVOTE, di-vAti',' v. a. To dedicate, to con-
secrate; to addict, to give up to ill ; to curse ; to exe-
crate.
DEVOTEDNESS, d£-v6it£d-n&, ». The state of be-
ing devoted or dedicated.
DEVOTEE, ddv-vA-tW,' s. One erroneously or su-
perstitiously religious, a bigot.
DEVOTION, dd-vAish&n, «. Piety, acts of religion ;
an act of external worship ; prayer, expression ot" de-
votion ; the state of the mind under a strong sense of
dependence upon God; an act of reverence, respect,
or ceremony ; strong affection, ardent love ; disposal,
powei.
DEVOTIONAL, d£.v6-sh{in-al, adj. Pertaining to
devotion.
DEVOTIONALIST, d^-vA-sh&n-al 1st, j. A man
zealous without knowledge.
To DEVOUR, d^-vofir^ v. a. To eat up ravenous-
ly ; to destroy or consume with rapidity and violence ;
to swallow up, to annihilate.
DEVOURER, de-vou-r&r, s. 98. A consumer, h«
that devours.
DEVOUT, d£-v5ut' adj. Pious, religious, devote**
to holy duties ; filled with pious thoughts ; expressive
of devotion or piety.
DEVOUTLY, de-v6fi.tild, adv. Piously, with arcent
devotion, religiously.
DETERMINATELY, d<* t£r£m£-nate-l£, adv. Re-
solutely, with fixed resolve.
DETERMINATION, d£-t£r-m<J-naish&n, *• Abso-
lute direction to a certain end; the result of delibera-
tion, judicial decision.
DETERMINATIVE, d^-t§r-m£ na-tlv, adj. That
uncontrollably directs to a certain end ; that makes a
limitation.
DETERMINATOR, d^-t^r-me-na-tUr, s. 521. One
who determines.
To DETERMINE, d£-t£rimin, v. a. 14,0. To fix,
to settle; to fix ultimately; to adjust, to limit ; to in-
fluence the choice ; to resolve ; to decide, to put an
end to, to destroy.
To DETERMINE, d£-t3rirriin, v. n. To conclude;
to end ; to come to a decision ; to resolve concerning
any thing.
DETERRATION, d£-t3r-ra-sh&n, $. Discovery of
any thing by removal of the earth.
DETERSION, dd- t£rish&n, s. The act of cleansing
a sore.
DETERSIVE, d£-t3r-slv, adj. 158. Having the
power to cleanse.
Dt-'TERSIVE, d«i-t5r-slv, s. 428. An application
that has the power of cleansing wounds.
To DETEST, d£-t£st,' v. a. To hate, to abhor.
DETESTABLE, d£-t£s-tA-bl. adj. Hateful, abhorred.
DETESTABLY, d^-tds^ta-ble, adv. Hatefully, a-
bominably.
DETESTATION, d£t-£s ta-sh&n, j. 530. Hatred,
abhorrence, abomination
DETESTER, de-t£s'uV, s. 98. One that hates.
To DETHRONE, d^ thritnvf v. a. To divest of re-
gality, to throw down from the throne.
DETINU, dti-tlnih, s. 503. A writ that lies against
him, who, having goods or chattels delivered him to
keep, refuses to deliver them again.
DETONATION. d£t-6-na-shan, s. A noise, some-
what more forcible than the ordinary orackling of salts
in calcination, as in the going off of the pulvisor aurum
fulminans, or the like.
To DETONIZE, d<h-tA-nize, v. a. To calcine with
detonation.
To DETORT, d£-t3rt/ v. a. To wrest from the
original import.
To DETRACT, d4-trakt/ v. a. To derogate, to take
away by envy and calumny.
DETKACTER, d^-trakitur, s. One that takes away
another's reputation.
DETRACTION, de-trak-sh&n, s. The act of taking
off from any thing ; scandal.
DETRACTORY, de-traki-tfir-£, adj, 557. Defama-
tory by denial of desert, derogatory.
DF.TR ACTRESS, d^-trik-tr^s, ». A censoiious wo-
man.
DETRIMENT, d4tUr£-m3nt, s. Loss, damage, mis-
chief.
DETRIMENTAL, d^t-tr^-m^n-tal, adj. Mischiev-
ous, harmful, causing loss.
To DETRUDE, de tr66d, r. a. To thrust down,
to force into a lower pla?e.
DETRITION, d£-trlsh-&n, s. 507. The act of
wearing away.
To DETRUNCATE, di-tr&ngikate, v. a. To lop,
to cut, to shorten.
DETIVUNCATION, d£t rfrng-kaish&n, *. The act
of lopping.
DETRUSION, d^-tr6i-zh&n, s. The act of thrust-
in,' down.
To DEVA.ST, dd-vast/ r. a. To waste or destroy,
to plunder.
" The country, though deluged and devasted, was not
utterly put beyond the power of restoration "—Hannah
Store's Strictures on Female Education. Vol. I. page 58.
To DEVASTATE, d4-vas-tate, v. a. To lay waste,
to plunder.
DEVASTATION, dlv-as-ta-sh&n, *. Wa»te, havock.
DEUCE, dtise, *. Two.
DIA
146
DIG
559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m& 93, m£t ^5— pine 105, pin 107— no 162, m5ve 1 64,
DEUSE, d6se. *. The Devil
DEUTEROGAMY, du-t£r-6g-a-m£, *. 518. A se-
cond marriage.
DEUTERONOMY, dfi tSr-iniA -m&, s. 518. The
second book of the Law, being tlie fifth book of Moses.
DEUTEROSCOPY, dt'i-tcr-osUi&-p£, 5. The second
intention, a meaning beyond the literal sense.
DEW, di, i. The moisture upon the ground.
fo DEW, dh, v. a. To wet a.* with dew, to moisten.
DEWBERRY, diiib£r-r£, s. The fruit of a species of
bramble.
DEWBESPRENT, du-b£ -sprSnt,' part. Sprinkled
with dew.
DEWDROP, dl'i-drjp, s. A drop of dew which spar-
kles at sun-rise.
DEWLAP, du'lAp, s. The flesh that hangs down
from the throat of oxen.
DEWLAPT, dh-lApt, adj. Furnished with dewlaps.
DEWWORM, dfr-wfrrm, s. A worm found in dew.
DEWY, du^e, adj. Resembling dew, partaking of
dew ; moist with dew.
DtXTER, d£ks-t£r, 7 <«#• The right, not the
DEXTRAL, d£ksitral, J left
DEXTERITY, d3ks-t£r^-t£, s. Readiness of limbs,
activity, readiness to obtain skill ; readiness of contri-
vance.
DEXTEROUS, d£ks-t5r-us, adj. Expert at any ma-
nual employment, active, ready; expert in manage-
ment, subtle, full of expedients.
DEXTEROUSLY, d6ks-t£r-&s-li, adv. Expertly,
skilfully, artfully.
DEXTRALITY, d<5ks-traW-t£, «. The state of be-
ing on the right side.
DEY, da, *. The supreme governor in some of the
Barbary States.
DIABETES, di-i-b£-t£s, s. A morbid copiousness
of urine.
DIABOLICAL, di-a-buW-kal, 7 ..
DiABOLiCK, dUUbftWk, 509. J "*' Devihsh'
partaking of the qualities of the devil.
DlACODlUM, di-a-kokle-um, s. The syrup of pop-
pics.
DlACOUSTICS, dl-a-kouistlks, s. The doctrine of
sounds.
DlADEM, di-i-dem, s. A tiara, an ensign of roy-
alty bound about the head of eastern monarchs ; the
mark of royalty worn on the head, the crown.
DIADEMED, dKa-d£md, adj. 359. Adorned with
a diadem.
DlADROM, di-a-dr&m, s. 16.6. The time in which
any motion is performed.
Dl.SRESIS, di-£ri<l-sls, s. 124. The separation or
disjunction of syllables.
8^» Mr. Sheridan has given the long sound of e to the
second syllable of this word, contrary to the general
practice, which is s'ipported-by the most general rule in
pronunciation. The antepenultimate accent, unless suc-
ceeded by a diphthong, always shortens the vowel it falls
upon, 534. Nor docs the diphthong in this word prevent
the shortening power of the accent any more lhau in Cac-
tarta, 124.
DIAGNOSTICS, dl-ag.nos-ti1-, s. A symptom by
which a disease is distinguished from others.
DIAGONAL, dl-JgiA-nal, adj. 116. Reaching from
one angle to another.
DIAGONAL, d) ag^A-nal, j. A line drawn from
angle to angle.
DIAGONALLY, dl-agii-nll-(*, adv. In a diagonal
direction.
DIAGRAM. dKa-gram, s. A delineation of geome-
trical figures, a mathematical scheme.
DIAL, di-al, *. 88. A plate marked with lines,
where a hand 01 shadow shows the hour. "
DIAL- PLATE, dUul-plat'.', s. That on which hours
or lines arc marked.
DIALECT, dl-u.lCkt, *. The subdivision of a lan-
guage; style, manner of expression ; language, sj>eech.
DIALECTICAL, dl-a-l£k-t^-kal, adj. Logical, ar-
gumcntnl.
DlALECTICK, dl-1 l^kitik, s. Logick, the art of
reasoning.
DIALLING, dl-al-llng, s. The art of making dials ;
the knowledge of shadows.
DlALLIST, dl-al-llst, s. A constructor of dials.
DlALOGIST, dl-al-16 jlst, s. 116. A speaker in a
dialogue or conference.
DIALOGUE, di^Ulig, s. 338. A conference, a
conversation between two or more.
DIALYSIS, dl-aW-sls, *. 115. The figure in rbe-
torick by which syllables or words are divided.
DIAMETER, di-am-«*-tiir, j 1 16. The line wl ich,
passing through the centre of a circle, or other curvi-
linear figure, divides it into equal parts.
DIAMETRAL, dl-am-m4-tral, adj. Describing the
diameter.
DIAMETRALL Y, dl-amim£-tia]-£, adv. Accord-
ing to the diiection of a diameter.
DIAMETRICAL, cii a-m(h-tre-kal, adj. Describ-
ing a diameter ; observing the direction of a diameter.
DIAMETRICALLY, dl-l-m^t'tre-kal-e, adv. In a
diametrical direction ; directly.
DIAMOND, dUa-mund, s. The most valuable and
hardest of all the gems.
DIAPASON, di-a-pa-z5n, s. A term in musick;
an octave, the most perfect concord.
DIAPER, di-i pfir, s. 98. Linen cloth woven in
figures ; a napkin.
To DlAPER, di-i pur, v. a. To variegate, to di-
versify ; to draw flowers upon clothes.
DIAPHANEITY, di.a-l'i-neie-t^, *. Transparency,
pellucidness.
DlAPHANICK, dl-a-fan3k,of/;'. 509. Transparent,
pellucid.
DIAPHANOUS, dl-afVa-n&s, adj. 518. Transpa-
rent, clear.
DIAPHORESIS, di-af-6-r£isls, «. 116. A bearing
through ; the expulsion of humours through the pores
of the skin.
DlAPHORETICK, dl af-6 r^t^lk, adj. Sudorifick,
promoting perspiration.
DIAPHRAGM, diij-fram, s. 395. The midriff,
which divides the upper cavity of the body from the
lower ; any division or partition which divides a hol-
low body.
DIARRHOEA, di-ar-re^A, s. A flux of the belly.
DIARRHOETICK, di-ir ret-Ik, adj. Promoting the
flux of the belly, solutive, purgative.
DlARY, di-a-r£, s. An account of every day, a
journal.
DIASTOLE, di-as-t6 1£, *. 116. A figure in rhe-
torick, by which a short syllable is made long; the di-
latation of the heart.
DlASTYI.E, dUAs-tile, s. An intercolumniation of
three diameters.
}£j» The reason why this word is pronounced in three
.syllables, anil Diastole in four, is, that the latter is perfect
Greek &jx?reA>j, ami the former is a compound of our own,
formed from <jii and fTvXos, a pillar. The same reason
holds good for pronouncing Apocope, as divided into A~
poc-o-pe ; and Osleocopc into Os-te-u cope. And thouph
Johnson, Ash, H'.ichanan, and Barclay, accent DlastyU
on the second syllable, I have no hesitation in differing
from them by placing the accent on the first, — See Aca
ilcmy.
DlATESSERON, dl-a-tds^se-rSn, s. An interval in
musick.
DlBBLE, dlb-hl, j. 405. A small spade. +
DiBSTONE, dlbistone, i. A little stone which
children throw at another stone.
DlCACITY, dt^-kasi-st^ t<S, *. 124. Pertness, sauci-
ncss.
DICE, disc, 5. The plural of Die See Die.
DlCE- BOX, dlseib&ks, s. The box from which the
dice arc thrown.
DlCER, di-sur, t. 98. A player at dice, a gameste*
DIP
117
DIG
nir 167, not 163— lb.be 171, tab 172, bull 173—511 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
1\> DICTATE, dlk-tate, v. a. 91. To deliver to an. DIFFERENT, dlWur-3nt, adj. Distinct, not the
other with authority. | same; of many contrary qualities; unlike, dissimilar.
DICTATE, dik-tate, s. 91. Rule or maxim delivered DIFFERENTLY, dlftfur-^nt-lt*, adv. In a diffe-
wiih authority. | rent manner.
DICTATION, dlk-taish&n, s. The act or practice of DlFFICIL, dil-f4-sll, adj. Difficult, hard, not easy ;
dictating.
scrupulous. Not in use.
DICTATOR, dlk-ta-tur, s. 521. 166. A magistrate DIFFICULT, dlfifti-kalt, adj. Hard, not easy;
of Rome made in times of exigence, and invested with I troublesome, vexatious; hard to please, peevish,
absolute authority ; one invested with absolute autho- DIFFICULTLY, dlf-f£-kiilt-l«L adv. Hardly, with
rity ; one whose credit or authority enables him to di- '
rect the conduct or opinion of others.
DICTATORIAL, dlk-tA-t6-ri.il, adj. Authoritative,
confident, dogmatical.
DICTATORSHIP, dik-taitur ship, s. The office of
a dictator; authority, insolent confidence.
DiCTATURE, dik-ta-tshure, s. The office of a dic-
tator.
DICTION, dlk-sh&n, s. Style, language, expression.
DICTIONARY, dlk-sh&n-a-re, s. A book contain-
ing the words of any language, a vocabulary, a word-
book
JJ^» A few years ago this word was universally pro-
nounced as if written Ducnary, and a person would have
been thought a pedant if he had pronounced it according
to its orthography ; but such has been the taste for im-
provement in speaking, that now a person would risk the
imputation of vulgarity should he pronounce it otherwise
than it is written.
DID, did. The preterit of Do; the sign of the pre-
terimperfect tense.
DIDACTICAL, de-dakit£-kal,l adj. 124. Precep-
DlDACTICK, de-dak-tlk, j live, giving precepts.
DlDAPPER, dld-ap-pur, s. A bird that dives into
the water.
DIDASCALICK, did-as-kil-lk, adj. 125. 509.
Preceptive, didactick.
DlDST, didst- The second person of the preter tense
of Do.— See Did.
To DlE, di, v. a. To tinge, to colour.
DlE, dl, s. Colour, tincture, stain, hue acquired.
To DlE, di, v. n. To lose life, to expire, to pass
into another state of existence; to perish, to come to
nothing; in theology, to perish everlastingly ; to lan-
guish with pleasure or tenderness ; to wither as a vege-
table; to grow vapid, as liquor.
DlE, di, s. plural, DlCE, dise. A small cube,
marked on its faces with numbers from one to six,
which gamesters throw in play ; hazard, chance ; any
cubick body.
DlE, di, s. plural, DlES, dize. The stamp used in
coinage.
DlER, dl-ur, s. 98. One who follows the trade of
dying.
DlET, dU£t, s. Food, victuals ; food regulated by
the rules of medicine.
To DlET, di-et, v. a. To give food to; to board,
to supply with diet.
To DlET, di-£t, v. n. To eat by rules of physick;
to eat, to feed.
DlET, di-£t, s. An assembly of princes or estates.
DlET-DRINK, di-6t-drlnk, s Medicated liquors.
DIETARY, di-£t-a.-re, adj. Pertaining to the rules
of diet.
DlETER, di-^t-ur, s. 98. One who prescribes rules
for eating.
DlETETICAL, (Tl-£-tch-e-kal,
difficulty.
DIFFICULTY,
*. Hardness, contra-
riety to easiness ; that which is hard to accomplish ;
distress, opposition ; perplexity in affairs ; objection,
cavil.
To DlFFIDE, dlf-fide^ v- n. To distrust, to have
no confidence in.
DIFFIDENCE, dlf^fe-d^nse, s. Distrust, want of
confidence.
DIFFIDENT, d!Md-d£nt, adj. Not confident, no*
certain.
To DlFFIND, dlf-flnd' v. a. To cleave in two.
DlFFISION, dlf-flshiuMl, s. The act of cleaving.
— See Abscission.
DiFFLATiON, dlf-fla-shun, s. The act of scatter-
ing with a blast of wind.
DlFFLUENCE, dlf-flu-^lSe, ? ^ rf
DIFFLUENCY, dififlu-en-se, j
falling away on all sides.
DIFFLUENT, dlf-flii-dnt, ac//. 518. Flowing every
way, not fixed.
DlFFORM, dip-form, adj. Contrary to uniform,
having parts of different structure, as, a difform flower,
one of which the leaves are unlike each other.
DlFFORMITY, dlf-f<5rim£-t£, s. Diversity of form,
irregularity, dissimilitude.
To DIFFUSE, dif-fuze,' v. a. To pour out upon a
DIETETICK,
adj. Relating to
diet, belonging to the medicinal cautions about the use
of food.
To DIFFER, dlfifur, v. n. 98. To be distinguish-
ed from, to have properties and qualitiesnot thesame
with those of another ; to contend, to be at variance ;
to be of a contrary opinion.
DIFFERENCE, dififur-£nse, s. 555. state of being
distinct from something; the qualities by which one
differs from another ; the disproportion between one
thing and another ; dispute, debate, quarrel; distinc-
tion; point in question, ground of controversy ; a logi
cal distinction.
plane ; to spread, to scatter.
DIFFUSE, dit'-fusej adj.
Scattered, widely spread ;
copious, not concise.
Jf^- This adjective is distinguished from the verb in
the pronunciation of 3, in the same manner as the noun
use is from the verb to use, and abuse from to abuse, &c.
499. This analogy is very prevalent, and seems the rea-
son why adjectives ending in sive have the * pure -128.
DIFFUSED, dif-fuzd,' part. adj. 359. Wild, un-
couth, irregular.
DIFFUSEDLY, dif-fuiz£d-l£, adv. 364. Widely,
dispersedly.
DIFFUSEDNESS, dlf-fu£z£d-n&5, s. 365. The state
of being diffused, dispersion.
DIFFUSELY, dlf- fuse-It*, ado. Widely, extensively,
copiously.
DIFFUSION, dlf-ft-shun, S. Dispersion, the state
of being scattered every way ; copiousness, exuberance
of style.
DIFFUSIVE, dlf-fu-slv, adj. 428. Having the
quality of scattering any thing every way ; scattered,
dispersed ; extended, in full extension.
DIFFUSIVELY, dif-fu-slv-l£, adv. Widely, exten-
sively.
DIFFUSIVENESS, dif-fu-siv-n^s, s. Extension, dis-
persion ; want of conciseness.
To DIG, dig, v. a.pieterit Dug or Digged, part,
pass. Dug or Digged. To pierce with a spade ;
to cultivate the ground by turning it with a spade; to
pierce wiih a sharp point.
To DlG, dig, v. n. To work with a spade.
DIGEST, di-jest, s. 492. The pandect of the civil law.
To DIGEST, de-j£st/ v. a. 124. To distribute
into various classes or repositories, to range methodi-
cally ; to concoct in the stomach ; to soften hy luai, .,»
in a boiler, a chymical term ; to range methodically in
the mind ; to reduce to any plan, scheme, or method ; in
chirurgery, to dispose a wound to generate pus in order
to a cure.
To DIGEST, de-j5st,' v. n. To generate matter as
a wound.
DIGESTER, d^-jes-t&r, s. He that digests 01 ecu-
DIL
DIN
tS-559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fatSl — me 93, mSt 9.5 — pine 105, p\n 107 — n6 162,movel64,
cocts his food ; a strong vessel, wherein to boil, with a DILIGENCE, diW-jense, *. Industry, assiduity.
very strong heat, any bonv substance, so as to reduce T^ «,» i .j . .. _
it into a fluid state; that Which causes or strengthens DILIGENT, dll-e jfat, ad^ Constant in application ;
the concoct ive power.
DiGKSTiiiLE, dejes^te-bl, adj. Capable of being
digested.
DIGESTION, de-jls-tsh&n, s. The act of concoct-
ing food; the preparation of matter by a chymical
heat ; reduction to a plan ; the act of disposing a wound
to generate matter.
DIGESTIVE, d£-j£s-tlv, adj. Having the power to
cause digestion ; capable by heat to soften and subdue ;
disposing, methodising.
DIGESTIVE, d^-je^-uv, *. An application which
disposes a wound to generate matter.
DIGGER, dig-g&r, *. 98. One that opens the
ground with a spade.
To DlGHT, dite, q. a. 393. To dress, to deck, to
adorn. Not in use.
DlG.IT, dld-jlt, «. The measure of length containing
three fourths of an inch ; the twelfth part of the dia-
meter of the sun and moon ; any of the numbers ex-
pressed by single figures.'
DIGITATED, did-je-ta-t&d, adj. Branched out into
assiduous; constantly applied, prosecuted with activity.
DILIGENTLY, dlW-jent-le, adv. With assiduity,
divisions like fingers.
DiGLADlATlON, di-gla-de-a^shin, $ 125. A
combat with swords, any quarrel.
DIGNIFIED, dig-ne-fide, adj. 282. Invested with
some dignity. the act of vision, not luminous.
DIGNIFICATION, dlg-ne-fe-kaish&n, s. Exalta- To DIM, dim, v. a. To cloud, to darken ; to make
tjon> less bright, to obscure.
To DIGNIFY, dlgine-fl, v. a. 183. To advance, ! DIMENSION, d^-menish&n, s. 124. Space con-
with heed and perseverance.
DlLL, dil, s. An herb.
DlLUCID, de-lu-sid, adj. 124. Clear, not opaque ;
clear, not obscure.
To DILUCIDATE, de-l&ise-date, v. a. To make
clear or plain, to explain.
DlLUClDATlON, de-ldi-se-da-shun, s. The act of
making clear.
DjLUENT, dil-lii-lnt, adj. Having the power to
thin other matter.
D'LUEN'T, dil-lii-ent, s. That which thins other
matter.
To DILUTE, de-l&te,' v. a. 124. To make thin ;
' to make weak.
DlLUTER, de-li-tir, *. That which makes any
thing else thin.
DILUTION, de-lu^sh&n, s. The act of making any
thing thin or weak".
DlLUVlAN, de-ldi-ve-an, adj. 124. Relating 10
the deluge.
DlM, dim, adj. Not having a quick sight ; dull of
apprehension ; not clearly seen, obscure ; obstructing
the act of vision, not luminous.
to pre;'er, to exalt; to honour, to adorn,
DlGNITARY, dlg^ne-ta-re, *. A clergyman ad-
vanced to some dignity, to some rank above that of a
parochial priest.
DIGNITY, dig-ne-te, s. Rank of elevation ; gran-
deur of mien ; advancement, preferment, high place ;
among ecclesiasticks, that promotion or preferment to
which any jurisdiction is annexed.
To DIGRESS, de-gr£s/ v. n. 124. To depart/rom
the main design ; to wander, to expatiate.
DIGRESSION, de-gresh-&n, s. A passage deviating
from the main tenor; deviation.
DlJUDICATION, di-jfi-de-kaisb&n, s, 125. Judi- aca>- the same sound.-S
cial distinction.
DIKE, dike, s. A channel to receive water; a
mound to hinder inundations.
To DiLACERATE, de las^se-rate, «. a. 124. To
tear, to rend.
Di LACERATION, de-las-se-raish&n, R The act of
rendine in two.
To DILANIATE, de-la-ne-ate, v. a. 124. To ruin,
to throw down.
DILAPIDATION, de-lap-e-da-sh&n, s. 124. The
incumbent's suffering any edifices of his ecclesiastical
living to go to ruin or decay.
DILAT ABILITY, de-la-ta-blW-te, *. The quality of
admitting extension.
DILATABLE, de-la-ta-bl, adj. 405. Canabhj of
extension.
DILATATION, dil-la-taish&n, *. 530. The act of
extending into greater space ; the state of being extend-
ed.
tamed in any thing, bulk, extent, capacity.
DIMESSIONLESS, d£-men-shun-l&s, adj. Without
any definite bulk.
DlMENSIVE, d£-m£nislv, adj. That marks the
boundaries or outlines.
DIMIDIATION, d(*-mid-d^-a-shun, s. The act of
1 halving.
To DIMINISH, d£-mln-!sh, ». a. 124. To make
less by any abscission or destruction of any part ; to im-
pair, to lessen, to degrade; to take any thing irom that
to which it belongs, the contrary to add.
Jf5» What has been observed of the e ending a syllable
before the accent is applicable to the t : they are boih ex-
To DILATE, d^-late,' v. a. 1 24. To extend, to
spread out; to relate at large, to tell diffusely and co-
piously.
To DILATE, d<* late,' v. n. To widen, to grow
wide ; to speak largely and copiously.
DILATOR, de-la-tOr, t. 166. That which widens
or extends.
DILATORINESS, diUU- t&r-4*nds, t. Slowness,
sluggishness.
DILATORY, dlJia-t&r-4, adj. 512. Tardy, slow,
sluggish — See DometUck.
DtLBCTKW, d£-l£k-shfrn, «. 1 24. The act of loving.
DILEMMA,
«. 119. An argument e-
qually conclusive by contrary suppositions ; a difficult
or doubtful choice.
To DIMINISH, d^-min-ish, t>. n. 124. To grow
less, to be impaired.
DI.MIMSHINGI.Y, d£-mln.iish-lng-l(i, adv. In a
manner tending to vilify.
DIMINUTION, dim-m^-nt-sh&n, *. The act of
making less ; the state of growing less ; discredit ; in
architecture, the contraction of the diameter of a co-
lumn, as it ascends.
DIMINUTIVE, d<i mlnini-tlv, adj. Small, little.
DIMINUTIVE, d£ m!ninfi-tlv, *. A word formed
to express littleness, as manikin, in English, a liuie
man ; a small thing.
DIMINUTIVELY, d£-mln-ni-tlv-l£, adv. In a di-
minutive manner.
D.IMINUTIVENESS, d£-mln£n£i-tlv-n£s, *. Small-
ness, littleness, pettiness.
DlMlSH, dlm-lsh, adj. Somewhat dim.
DlMlssORY, dim-Is- s&r-r^, adj. That by which a
man is dismissed to another jurisdiction.
U^- I have followed Dr. Johnson's accentuation of this
word, as more agreeable to analogy than Mr. Sheridan's
— See Rhyming Dictionary, under the word.
DlMITY, dlm^-t^, s. A fine kind of. fustian, or
cloth of cotton.
DlMLY, dim-Id, adj. Not with a quick sight ; not
with a clear perception ; not brightly, not luminously.
DIMNESS, dlm-n£s, s. Dulness of sight; want of
apprehension, stupidity.
DIMPLE, dlm-pl, s. 405. Cavity or depression in
the cheek or chin.
To DIMPLE, dlm-pl, v. n. To sink in small ca.
vities.
DIMPLED, dlm-pld, adj. 405. Set with dimples.
| DIMPLY, dlm-pl^, adj. Full of dimple*
DIR
149
DIS
nor 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 611 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — Tills 4f,g.
DiN. dill, S. A loud noise,
sound.
To DiN, din, v. a. To stun with noise ; to impress
with violent and continued noise.
To DlNE, dine, v. n. To eat the chief meal a-
bout the middle of the day.
To DlNE, dine, v. a. To give a dinner to, to feed.
U, adj. 124. Whirling
violent and continued DlRECTER, <lt^ r£k-tur, s. One that directs; an
instrument that serves to guide any manual operation.
To dash with violence ; to
To bluster, to bounce, to
DIRECTION, de-r£kishun, s. Aim at a certain
point; motion impressed by a certain impulse; order,
command, prescription.
DIRECTIVE, d^-r£k^tlv, adj. Having the power of
direction ; informing, showing the way.
DIRECTLY, d£-r£kt-l£, adv. In a straight line,
DINETICAL, de-neti-e
round, vertiginous.
To DING, ding, v. a
impress with force.
To DING, ding, v. 1
».. j? j* / , ., sation we give this letter the sound of e, according to ana-
DlNG-DONG, ding-dong/ s. A word by which the j iogv 117. 124.
DIRECTNESS, de-rikt-ne's, s. Straightnes», tcn-
rectilineally ; immediately, apparently, without cir-
cumlocution.
85" In this word we have an instance of a different
pronunciation in the emphatical and colloquial use ot li.
If we wish to be very distinct or forceful, we frequently
pronounce the i long, as in dial ; but in common conver-
sound of bells is imitated.
DlNGLE, dlng-gl, s. 405. A hollow between hills.
DINING-ROOM, dl-ning-rS6m, s. The principal
apartment of the house.
DINNER, iTin-nur, s. 98. The chief meal, the
meal caien about the middle of the day.
DINNER-TIME, din-nur-tim£, s. The time of din-
ing.
DlNT, dint, s. A blow, a stroke ; the mark made
by a blow ; violence, force, power.
To DlNT, dint, v. a. To mark with a cavity by
a blow.
DINUMERATION, dl-na-mer a-shun, s. 125. The
act of numbering out singly.
DlOCESAN, di-6s-se-s4n, s. 1 16. A bishop as he
stands related to his o^n clergy or flock.
DlOCESS, di'6-s£s, i. The circuit of every bishop's
jurisdiction.
DIOPTRICAL, di 5pitr«LkAl,
ji i i "i 11-
DIOPTUICK, di-opitrik, 116.
..
ad). Affording
*
a medium for the sight, assisting the sight in the view
of distant objects.
DlOPTRICKS, di-op-triks, s. 509. A part of op-
ticks, treating of the different refractions of the light.
DlORTHROSIS, di or
520. An opera-
tion by which crooked members are made even.
To DIP, dip, v- a. To immerge, to put into any
liquor; to moisten, to wet ; to engage in any affair; to
engage as a pledge.
To DlP, dip, v. n. To immerge ; to pierce ; to
enter slightly into anything; to drop by chance into
any mass, to choose by chance.
DlPCHICK, dip-tslnk, s. The name of a bird.
DlFETALOUS, dl-p£t-a-lus, adj. 119. Having
two flower leaves.
DIPHTHONG, dlp-iA&ng, s. 413. A coalition of
two vowels to form one sound.
DIPLOMA, de-plA^mA, s. 124. A letter or writ-
ing conferring some privilege.
DIPLOMACY, dIp-16-ma-st* *. The state of acting
by a diploma.
DIPLOMATIC, dlp-16-mlt-ik, adj.
a diploma.
Relating to
DlPl'ER, dlp-p&r, *. 98. One that dips. Gene-
rally applied to one who baptizes by plunging into the
water.
DIPPING-NEEDLE, dlp-plng-iu^e-dl, $. A device
which shews a particular property of the magnetick
needle.
DlPSAS, dlp^sAs, i. A serpent whose bite produces
unquenchable thirst.
DlPTOTE, dip-t6te, s. A noun consisting of two
cases only.
DlPTICK, dlpitik, s. A register of bishops and
martyrs.
DlRE, dire, adj. Dreadful, diemal, horrible.
DIRECT, d^-rtkt,' adj. 124. Straight, not crooked ;
not oblique ; not collateral ; apparently tending to
some end ; open, not ambiguous ; plain, express.
To DIRECT, d^-r^kt,' v. a. 117. To aim in a
straight line; to point against as a mark ; to regulate,
to adjust ; to prescribe certain measure, to mark out a
certain course ; to order, to command.
dency to any point, the nearest way,
DIRECTOR, de-rekitur, s. 166. One that has au-
thority over others, a superintendant ; a rule, an ordi-
nance ; an instructor ; one who is consulted in cases of
conscience ; an instrument in surgery, by which the
hand is guided in its operation.
DIRECTORY, de-rek-tur-e, *. 512. The hook
which the factious preachers published in the rebellion
for the direction of their sect in acts of worship.
DIREFUL, dire-ful, adj. Dire, dreadful.
DlRENESS, dlreinSs, *. Dismalness, horror, hei-
nousness.
DiREPTlON, dl-r£p-shun, s. 125. The act of
plundering.
DlRGE, dirje, s. A mournful ditty, a song of la-
mentation.
DlRK, durk, s. A kind of dagger.
DIET, durt, * 108. Mud, filth, mire; meanness,
soHiilness.
To DlRT, durt, v. a. To foul, to bemire.
DlRTPlE, durt-pi/ s. Forms of clay moulded by
children.
DIRTILY, durt-e-le, adv. Nastily ; meanly, sor
didly.
DIRTINESS, dfirt-e-ne's, *. Nastiness, filthincss, foul-
ness ; meanness, baseness, sordidness.
DlRTY, durt^e, adj. Foul, nasty ; mean, despicable.
To DlRTY, d&rt^, v. a. To foul, to soil ; to dis-
grace, to scandalize.
DlRUPTlON, di rupishan, *. 125. The act 01
bursting, or breaking ; the state of bursting or breaking.
DlS, dis, or diz, 425. 435. An inseparable par-
ticle used in composition, implying commonly a pri-
vative or negative signification of the word to which it
is joined ; as, to arm, to disarm ; to join, to disjoin, &c.
85" When the accent, either primary or secondary, is
on this inseparable pre|>osition, the s is always sharp and
hissing, 41 ; but when the accent is on the second sylla-
ble,
the
mute, as p, t, &c. succeed, the preceding s must be pro-
pounced sharp and hissing, as dispose, distaste, &c. but
if a flat mute, as b, d. &c. or a vowel or a liquid begin
the next syllable, the foregoing j must be sounded like >,
as disburse, disdain, &c. but if the secondary accent be 0:1
this insepau
retains its pi
be an objection to the first part of this rule, is in reality
a confirmation of it ; for the first syllable in this word is
not a preposition, but a contraction of the Latin woul
dies; and dismal is evidently derived from dies nialue.
For want of this clue, Mr. Sheridan has given the / pure
to disgrace, disguise, &c.
DISABILITY, dis-a-bil-e-t£, *. 454. Want of
power to do any thing, weakness ; want of proper qua-
lifications for any purpose ; legal impediment.
To DISABLE, dlz-a-bl, v. a. 454. To deprive ot
natural force ; to deprive of usefulness or efficacy ; to
exclude as wanting proper qualifications.
To DISABUSE, dls-a-b/jze,' t;. a. To set free from
a mistake, to set right, to undeceive.
DISACCOMMODATION, dis ak-k5m-inA-daishnr»
*. The state of being unfit or unprepared.
To DISACCUSTOM, dis-ak-kfoi-tum, t,. a. To de-
stroy the force of habit by disuse or contrary practice
the s will be either hissing or buzzing, according tc
nature of the consecutive letter. That is, if a sharp
is inseparable preposition, 523. as in disbelief, &c. the 5
tains its pure hissing sound. Ditmal, which seems to
DIS
150
DIS
559- File 73, far 77, fa!! 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m5t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, move 164,
DlSACQtTAINTANCE, dis-ik-kwan-tanse, S. Dis-
use of fairiliarity.
DISADVANTAGE, dls-ad-vanitaje, s. 9O. Loss,
injury to interest; diminution of any thing desirable ;
a state not prepared for defence.
DlSADVANTAGEABLE, dlS-ad-V;\n-ta-ja-bl, adj.
M.'t. Contrary to profit, producing loss.
DISADVANTAGEOUS, dls-ad-van taijfis, adj. Con-
trary to interest, contrary to convenience.
DISADVANTAGEOUS!/):, dls-ad van-ta'j&s-l^, adv.
In a manner contrary to interest or profit.
DISADVANTAGEOUSNESS, d1s-ad-van-taijus-n£s,
Contrariety to profit, inconvenience.
DISADVENTUROUS, dls-ad-v<hiitsl) u-r&s,
Unhappy, unprosperous.
adj.
To DlSAFFECT, dls-af-f2kt/ v. a. To fill with dis-
content.
DISAFFECTED, dis-af-f(lk£t£d, part. adj. Not dis-
posed to z-al or affection.
DiSAFFECTEDLY, dls-af-f£kit£d l£, adv. After a
disaffected manner.
DISAFFECTEDNESS, dls-af-f £k-t£d-n£s, ». The
quality of being disaffected.
DISAFFECTION, dls-af-f£kishin, s. Want of zeal
for the reigning prince.
DiSAFFiRMANCE, dis-af-f?r-manse, 5. Confuta-
tion, negation.
T:> DISAFFOREST, dls-af-f&r£r5st, v. a. To throw
open to common purposes, from the privileges of a
tiirest.
To DISAGREE, dls a-grW,' t>. n. To differ, not to
l>c of the same opinion ; to be in a state of opposition.
DISAGREEABLE, dls4L-gr£&a-bl, adj. Contrary,
unsuitable ; unpleaSing, offensive.
DISAGREEABLENESS, dls-a-grWi-a-bl-nfe, 5. Un-
suitableness, contrariety ; unpleasantness ; offensive-
ness.
DISAGREEABLY, dls-a-gr^eii-bW, adv. In a dis-
ngreeable manner.
DISAGREEMENT, dls-a-gr£t^m£nt, ». Difference,
tii similitude; difference of opinion.
To DISALLOW, dls-al-lou/ v. a. To deny autho-
r.ty to any; to consider as unlawful ; to censure by
some posterior act.
To DISALLOW, dls al-lSu,' v. n. To refuse per-
ynUsion, not to grant
DlSALLOWABLE, dls-al-lou'a-bl, adj. Not allow-
able.
DISALLOWANCE, dls-al-lou-anse, *. Prohibition.
To DiSANCHOR, dlz-lngk-k&r, v. a. 454. To
deprive a ship of its anchor.
To DISANIMATK, diz-ani4-mate, v. a. 454. 91.
To deprive of life ; to discourage, to deject.
DlSANIMATION, diz-an-£ ma^hCm, s. Privation
of life.
To DISANNUL, dls-an-nul/ v. a. To annul, to de-
iirive of authority, to vacate.
DI--ANNULMENT, dls an-n&l'm^nt, s. The act of
making void.
To DISAPPEAR, dls-ap-p^rc,' v. n. To be lost to
view, to vanish out of sight.
T<> DISAPPOINT, dis-ap-polnt,' v. a. To defeat of
e\l>ectation, to balk.
DISAPPOINTMENT, dls-ap polntim£nt, «. Defeat
01 hopes, miscarriage of expectations.
DISAPPROBATION, dls-ap-pri-bi-shar., s. Cen-
sure, condemnation.
To DISAPPROVE, dls-ap-pioov,' v. a. To dislike,
to censure.
T.I DISARM, dlz-ann,' v. a. 454. To spoil or divest
of arms.
To DISARRANGE, dls-ar-ranji-,' v. a. To put out
of order ; to derange.
To DISARRAY, dls-ar-ra,' V. a. To undress any
one.
DISARRAY, dls ar ri,' j. Disorder, confusion ;
DISASTER, dlz-asitZir, s. 454. The blast or strok*
of an unfavourable planet ; misfortune, grief, mishap,
misery.
To DISASTER, dlz-as'tlir, v . a. To blast by aa
unfavourable star ; to afflict, to mischief.
DISASTROUS, dlz-ls^trus, adj. Unlucky, unhappy,
calamitous ; gloomy, threatening misfortune.
DISASTROUSLY, dlz-as^trus-le, adv. In a distuai
manner.
DlSASTROUSNESS, dlz-asitr&s-nfe, 3. Unluckiness,
unfortunateness.
To DlSA VOUCH, dls a-vi'itsh,' v. a. To retract
profession, to disown.
To DISAVOW, dls-i vou/ v. a. To dUown, to deny
knowledge of.
DISAVOWAL, dls-a-v3u-al,
DISAVOWMENT, dls £-v
To DISAUTHORISE, dlz- Hw^/i6-rlze, ». a. 454.
To deprive of credit or authority.
To DISBAND, dlz-bind,' v. «. 435. To dismiss
from military- sen-ice.
To DISBAND, dlz-band,' v. n. To retire from mili-
tary service ; to separate.
To DlSBARK, dlz-bark,' v. a. To land from a ship.
,1
S. Den 'ml.
DISBELIEF,
denial of belief.
s. 425. Refusal of credit,
To DISBELIEVE, dis.be-lWv/ v. a. Not to credft,
not to hold true.
DISBELIEVER, dls be-l^-v&r, *. One who refuses
belief.
To Dl&BENCH, dlz-b£nsh/ v. a. To drive from a
seat.
To DISBRANCH, dlz-brJnsh/ v. a. To separate,
to break off.
To DISBUD, dlz-bfl:!,' v. n. To take away the
sprigs newly put forth.
To DISBURDEN', dlzifiridn, v. a. To unload, to
disencumber; to throw off a burden.
To DISBURDEN, dlz buri-dn, v. n. To ease the
mind.
To DISBURSE, dlz-bftrse/ v. a. To spend or fay
out money.
DISBURSEMENT, dlz-b&rsirn^nt, s. A disbursing
or laying out.
DlSBURSER, dlz-bSr^sur, s. One that disburses.
DisCALCEATED, dls-kal-she a-t&d, adj. 357.
Stripped of shoe*.
DISCALCEATION, dls kal-sh£-a-sh&n, *. S5-7.
The act of pulling off the shoes.
To DlSCANDY, dls-kan^de, v. n. To dissolve, to
melt.
To DISCARD, dls-k&rti,' v. a. To throw out of the
hand such cards as are useless ; to discharge or eject
from seiviee or employment
DISCARKA.TE, dls-kariuate, adj. 91. Stripped ci
ft*esh.
To DlSCASE, dls-kase/ v. a. To strip, to undress.
To DISCERN, diz-z£rn,' v. a. 351. To descry ;
to see ; to judge, to have knowledge of; to distin-
guish ; to make the difference between.
To DISCERN, dlz-z£rn/ v. n. To make distinction.
DlSCERNER, dlz-z&rin&r, s. 98. Discoverer, he
that descries ; judge, one that has the power of ilis-
tinguishing.
DISCERNIBLE, dlz-z£rin§-bl, adj. Discoverable,
perceptible, distinguishable, apparent.
DlSCERNIBLENESS, diz-z£rrii<i-bl-n&;, s. Visible-
DlSCERNIBLY,
apparently.
adv. Perceptibly,
DISCERNING, diz-z5r-nlng, part. adj. Judicious,
knowing.
DISCERNINGLY, dlz-z£r-nlng-l^, adv. Judicious-
ly, rationally, acutely.
DISCERNMENT, diz-z5rn-tn£nt, s. Judgment, power
of distinguishing.
DIS
151
DIS
nor 167, n&t 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bull 173— oil 299— pfiund 313— */»in 466— THis 469.
To DlSCERP, dls-s5rp/ v a. To tear in pieces.
DlSCERPTlBLE, dls-s£rp-td -bl, adj. Frangible, se-
parable.
DlSCERPTIBILITY, d!s-s£rp-t<i-blUe t£, S. Lia-
bleness to be destroyed by disunion of parts.
DISCERPTION, dis-sdrp-shfrn, s. Thcactofpul-
ling to pieces.
To DISCHARGE, dis-tsharjf,' v. a. To disburden ;
to disembark ; to give vent to any thing, to let fly ; to
let on* a gun ; to clear a debt by payment ; to set free
from obligation ; to absolve; to perform, to execute;
to put away, to obliterate; to divest of any office or
employment; to dismiss, to release
To DISCHARGE, dis-tsharje,' v. n. To dismiss it-
self, to break up.
DISCHARGE, dls-tsharjc,' s. Vent, explosion, emis-
sion; matter vented; dismission from an olh'ce; re-
lease from an obligation or penalty ; performance, ex-
ecution ; an acquittance from a debt.
DISCHARGER, dls-tshar-jtir, s. He that discharges
in any manner ; he that fires a gun.
DlSCINCT, dls-slnkt/ adj. Ungirded, loosely dres-
sed.
To DlsclND, dis-slnd,' v. a. To divide, to cut in
pieces.
DISCIPLE, dis-si^pl, s. 405. A scholar.
DisciPLESHIP, dis-si-pl-ship, 4\ 'J he state or func-
tion of a disciple.
DISCIPLINABLE, dls-s£-pHn-a-bl, adj. Capable
of instruction.
DlSCIPLINABLENESS, dlsis^-plitJ-i-bl-nes. S. Ca-
pacity of instruction.
DISCIPLINARIAN, dls-sd-plin-a-rti an, adj. Per-
taining to discipline.
DISCIPLINARIAN, dis-s^-plln-a-r^-an, s. One
who rules or teaches with great strictness ; a follower
of the Hresbyteriau sect, so coiled from their clamour
about discipline.
DISCIPLINARY, dlsise-pliii-i-r£, adj. 512. Per-
taining to discipline.
DISCIPLINE, dls-s<i-plln, s. 150. Education, in-
struction; rule of government, outer; military regula-
tion, state of subjection ; chastisement, correction.
To DISCIPLINE, dis^se-plln, v. a. To educate, to
instruct ; to keep in order ; to correct, to chastise ; to re-
form.
To DISCLAIM, dls-klame,' v. a. To disown, to deny
any knowledge of.
DISCLAIMER, dis-klaAm&i-, s. 98. One that dis-
claim:-, disowns, or renounces.
To DisCLOSS, dls-kldzr/ v. n. To uncover, to
produce from a hidden sUte to open view; to open ; to
reveal, to tell. ^
DlSCLOSER, dis-klo-zfrr, 4-. One that reveals or
discovers.
DISCLOSURE, dls-klo-zh&rt-, s. 452. Discovery,
production into view ; act ot revealing any secret.
DISCOLORATION, dis-kil-o-ri-shun, «. The act
of changing the colour ; the act o; staining ; change of
colour, stain, die.
To DISCOLOUR, dls-kul-lur, v. a. To change
from the natural hue, to s:nin.
To DISCOMFIT, dis-kum-l'it, v. a. To defeat, to
vanquish.
DISCOMFIT, dls-k&m-flt, s. Defeat, overthrow.
DISCOMFITURE, dls-kcau-f It-) arc, .$. Defeat,
rout, overthiow.
DISCOMFORT, dls-kfimMurt, s. 166. Uneasiness,
melancholy, gloom.
To DlSCO.Ml'ORT, dls-ktim-l urt, v. a. To grieve,
to sadden, to deject.
DISCOMFORTABLE, dls-kumifur-tu-bl, adj. One
that is melancholy and refuses comfort; that causes
sadness.
To DISCOMMEND, dls-koin-rueud,' v. a. To
blame, to censure.
DISCOMMENDABLE, dls-ko:n-in£n-da-bl,
iiUmcablc, censurable.— See CuiumcnualtU.
adj.
DISCOMMENDABLENESS, dls-kom-m&i-da.bl-
n£s, s. Blameableness, liableness to censure.
DISCOMMENDATION, dls-kim-m^n-da-shun, s.
Blanie, censure.
DiscoMMENDER, dls- k5m-m£n-dur,' s. One that
discommends.
To DISCOMMODE, dls-kom-mAdc,' v. a. To put
to inconvenience, to molest.
DISCOMMODIOUS, uis-k&m-mA'd<i-us, or dis-kjnn-
ino-jA-ils, adj. Inconvenient, troublesome. — See
C'Qmmodious.
DISCOMMODITY, dls-k&m-modi4-t£, *. Inconve-
nience, disadvantage, hurt.
To DISCOMPOSE, dls-kom pozi,' v. a. To disor-
der, to unsettle ; torufile; to disturb the temper; to
offend ; to displace.
DISCOMPOSURE, dis-k&m-pt^zhure, t. Disorder,
perturbation.
To DISCONCERT, dls-k5ii-hert/ v. a. To unsettle
the mind, to discompose.
DlSCONFORMlTY, dls-kin-for-m(j-t£, S. Wanto/
agreement.
DlSCONGRUlTY, dls-k&n-gru-e-te, s. Disagree-
ment, inconsisteucv.
DISCONSOLATE, dls-k&n-sA-late, adj. 91. With-
out comfort, hoi>e.ess, sorrowful,
DISCONSOLATELY, dis-kon-so-late-le, adv. In a
disconsolate manner, comfoiilessly.
DISCONSOLATENESS, dls-koii-ao Iate-n6s, s. The
stale of being disconsolate.
DISCONTENT, dis-k6n-t£ut,' s. Want of content,
uneasiness at the present state.
DISCONTENT, dls-kin-tent,' adj. Uneasy at tb«
present staie, dissatisfied.
To DISCONTENT, dis-kin-teut,' v. a. To dissatis-
fy, to make uneasy.
DISCONTENTED, dis-k&n-t5n't&l,;>ar*. adj. Un-
easy, dissatisfied.
DISCONTENTEDNESS, dis-kin-teu-t^J-iies, s. Va-
easiness, (lis.satisfaction.
DISCONTENTMENT, dis-kin-t£nt£m£nt, s. The
state of discontent.
DISCONTINUANCE, dls kon-tln-lj-ansf, 4. Wani
of cohesion ot parts ; a breaking off; cessation, imer-
mission.
DISCONTINUATION, dls-kin-tln-u-a-sltfin, s.
Disruption of continuity, separation.
To DISCONTINUE, dls-kon tin-u, v. n. To los«
the cohesion of parts; to lose an established or p;e-
scripuve custom.
2'u DISCONTINUE, dls-k6n-tln-6, v. a. To leave
, off, to cease any practice or habit.
DISCONTINUITY, dis-kiti-te-nuie-tti, s. Disunity
O' parts, want of cohesion.
DlSCONVENJENCE, dis-k&n-V^-nWnse, s. In-
congruity, disagreement.
DISCORD, dis^kord, s. 492. Disagreement, oppo-
sition, mutual animosity ; difference, or eontraiiety of
qualities; in muskk, sounds not of themselves pleas-
ing, but necessary t> be mixed with o.hcrs.
To DISCORD, dls-kSru,' v. «. 49V. To disagree,
not to suit with.
DISCORDANCE, dis-kor-dir...~,
*• • Disagree-
anse, 7
DISCORDANCY, dis-koridun-sc, i
men,, opposition, inconsistency.
DISCORDANT, dis kor-dint, adj. Inconsistent, at
\aii.inee with itself; opposite, eoiituuious.
DISCORDANTLY, dis-koriddiit-lc, adv. InronsUt-
eiitly, in disagreement with itself; ill disagreement
with another.
To DISCOVER, dis-kuvi-i'ir, v. a. To disclose, to
bring to light ; to make known ; to find out, to c>py.
DISCOVERABLE, dih-k£iv-Cir-?.-bl, adj. 7'hat may
be found out; apparent, exposed to view.
DISCOVERER, ctis-kav-ur-Cir, s. One that find*
any thing not KIIOWU before; a scout, otic who is put
to descry the enemy.
DIS
152
DIS
15-559 Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nf> 162, move ]<M,
DISCOVERY, dls-k&v-fir-^, *. 555. The act of
finding any thing hidden ; the act of revealing or dis-
closing any secret.
DISCOUNT, dlsAofint, *. 313. 492. The sum re-
funded in a bargain.
To DISCOUNT, dls-koint/ v. a. To count back,
to pay back again.
To DISCOUNTENANCE, dls-kofin£t£-nanse, »>. a.
To discourage by cold treatment ; to abash ; to put to
shamc.
DISCOUNTENANCE, dls-k5un-t£-nanse,
treatment, unfriendly regard.
DISCOUNTKNANCER, dls-k6unit^-nln-s&r, s. 98.
One that discourages by cold treatment.
To DISCOURAGE, dis-kfiriidje, ». a. 314. To
depress ; to deprive of confidence ; to deter, to fright
from any attempt.
knowledge to govern or direct one's self; liberty of act-
ing at pleasure, uncontrolled and unconditional power.
DISCRETIONARY, dIs-kr£sh-un-ar-«J, adj. ix-n
at large, unlimited, unrestrained.
DlsCRETIYE, dis-kr&-tlv, adj. The same as Dis-
crete.
DISCRIMINABLE, clls-krlm^-na-bl, adj. Dis-
tinguishable by outward marks or tokens.
To DISCRIMINATE, dls-krim^ nate,
To
mark with noies of difference; to select or separate from
Cold others.
DISCRIMINATENESS, dls-krUn^-nate-n^s, j. 91
Distinctness.
DISCRIMINATION, dls-krlm-£-naish?in, s. The
state of being distinguished from other persons or
things ; the act of distinguishing one from another, dis-
tinction ; the marks of distinction.
DISCOURAGER, dls-kurirldje-&r, *. One that im-
presses diffidence a:id terror.
DISCOURAGEMENT, dls-k&r-rldje-m£nt, s. 9O.
The act of deterring, or depressing hope; the cause of
depression, or fear.
DISCOURSE, dls kArs",' s. 318. The act of the
understanding, by which it passes from premises to con-
sequences; conversation, mutual intercourse of lan-
guage, talk ; treatise, a dissertation either written or
uttered.
To DISCOURSE, dls-kArse^ v. n. To converse, to
talk, to relate; to treat upon in a solemn or set man-
ner; to reason, to pass from premises to consequences.
DISCOURSER, dls-kor-s&r, s. A speaker, an ha-
ranguer ; a writer on any subject.
DlSCOURSIVE, dls-kifislv, adj. Passing by inter-
mediate steps from premises to consequences; con-
taining dialogue, interlocutory.
DISCOURTEOUS, dls kur^tshSs, adj. Uncivil, un-
complaisant.
DISCOURTEOUSLY, dls-k&r-tsh&s-li, adv. Unci-
villy, rudely
DISCOURTESY, dls-k&rit^ s£, *. Incivility, rude-
ness.
DlSCOUS, dis-kus, adj. Broad, flat, wide.
DISCREDIT, dls-kr£il-it, *. Ignominy, reproach,
disgrace ; want of trust.
To DISCREDIT, dls kr&i-lt, v. a. To deprive of
credibility ; to disgrace, to shame.
DISCREET, dis-krWt/ adj. Prudent, cautious, so-
ber ; modest, not forward.
DISCREETLY, dis-kre£til4, adv.
tiously.
Prudently, cau-
DlSCREETNESS, dls-krWt-n£s, *. The quality of
being discreet.
DISCREPANCE, dlsi-kri pinse, s. Difference, con-
trariety.
DISCREPANT, dis-kr^-pant,
agreeing.
Different, dis-
DISCRIMINATIVE, dls-krlmie.na-tiv, adj. 157.
That makes the mark of distinction, charactcristicai ;
that observes distinction.
DISCRIMINOUS, dis-krlm^-n&s, adj. Dangerous,
hazardous.
DiSCUBlTORY, dis
to the posture of leaning.
-^, adj. 512. Fitted
DiscUMBENCY, dls-k&m-b£n-s£, *. The act of
leaning at meat.
To DiSCUMBER, dis-kfimibftr, v. a. To disengage
from any troublesome weight or bulk.
DISCURSIVE, dis-kfirislv, adj. 158. Moving here
and there, roving ; proceeding by regular gradation
from premises to consequences.
DISCURSIVELY, dls-kurislv.l^, adv. By due gra-
dation of argument.
DiscURSOKY, dls-k&ris&r-£, adj. Argumcnt.il.
For the o, see Domestici:
DISCUS, dis^k&s, s. A quoit.
To DISCUSS, dis-k&->/ v. a. To examine; to dis-
perse any humour or swelling.
DISCUSSER, dls-k&s^s&r, *. 98. He that discusses.
DISCUSSION, dls-k&s'sll&n, s. Disquisition, exa-
mination.
DISCUSSIVE, dls k&sislv, adj. 428. Having the
power to discuss.
DiscUTIENT, dls-k6ish£nt, s. A medicine that
has power to repel.
To DISDAIN, dlz-dane,' r. a. To scorn, to consi
der as unworthy of one's character — See Dis.
DlSDAIN, dlz.dane/ s- Scorn, contemptuous anger.
DISDAINFUL, diz dane-ful, adj. Haughty, scorn-
ful, indignant.
DISDAINFULLY, dlz-dane-f&l-^, adv. With haugh.
ty scorn.
DISDAINFULNESS, dlz-daneiful-n^s, «. Haughty
scorn.
DISEASE, dlz-£ze/ *. Distemper, malady, sickness.
To DISEASE, dlz-^ze,' v. a. To afflict with dUeate,
to torment with sickness ; to pain, to make uneasy.
, *. 365. Sicknesi,
DISCRETE, dis-kr£te/ adj. Distinct, not continuous ;
disjunctive.
Jt^» 1 his word and its companion Concrete one would
have supposed should have the same accentuation in all
our Pronouncing Dictionaries, and yet scarcely any two
words are more differently accented. The accent is p'laced
em the last syllable of Concrete by Dr. Ash, Buchanan,
Perry, Entick, and Bailey; and on the first by Sheridan,
Dr. Johnson, Smith, Wl Johnston, and Dr. Kenrick —
Scott accents the last syllable of Concrete when an adjec-
tive, and the first when a substantive, a distinction very go on land,
agreeable to analogy, -194 ; but Entick, directly contrary ~
to this analogy, reverses this order. Discrete is always
used as an adjective, but has scarcely less diversity of ac-
centuation than Concrete. Dr. Johnson, Dr. Kenrick, Mr.
Nares, Mr. Scott, Perry, and Entick, accent it on the last
syllable ; and Dr. Ash, Mr. Sheridan, and Bailey, on the
first. When I wrote the Rhyming Dictionary, I accented I _„„,. out at tne mouth of a river,
both these words on the first syllable ; but this accentua- „/ r»,ci:«i>™-riv ^ic £m h
tion I imagine arose from contrasting them, which often To UlSEMBOGLE, dls 6m-b
places tiie accent on the opposing parts, as in itt'ternal and j a vent, to flow.
tx'ternalf but upon maturer consideration I apprehend DISEMBOWELLED, dls em-bi
the accent ought to be placed on the first syllable of Cox- j ^en from out of the bowels.
To DISEMBROIL, dls £m.bi
tangle, to free from perplexity
DlSEASEDNESS, diz
malady.
DiSEDGED, d!z-£ !jd,' adj. 359. Blunted, dulled.
To DISEMBARK, dls-£m-bark^ v. a. To carry to
land.
To DISEMBARK, dls-im-bark/ v- n. To land ; to
To DISF.MBITTER, d!s-£m.bltAt&r, v. a. To sweet-
en, to free from bitterness.
DISEMBODIED, dls-£m-bid-id, adj. Dive»tcu of
the body.
To DISEMBOGUE, dls £m-bAguf,' v. a. 337. To
* n To mm
r. n. lo gsm
.^Xir*. adj. T»-
DISCRETION,
* 507. Prudence,
DIS
153
DIS
n8r 167, nit 163— ti'ibe 171, tub 172, bull 173 — <5l! 299 — pound 313 — //*in 466— Tills 469.
To DISENABLE, dls-3n-a-bl, v. a • To deprive of
power.
To DISENCHANT, dls-5n-tshant,' v. a. To free
from the force of an enchantment.
To DISENCUMBER, dls-£n-kum-l>ur, v. a. To
discharge from encumbrances, to disburden ; to free
from obstruction of anv kind.
DISENCUMBRANCE, dls-£n-kum-branse, s. Free-
dom from encumbrance.
To DISENGAGE, dls-£n-gajc,' v. a. To separate
from any thing with which it is in union : to disen-
tangle, to clear from impediments or difficulties ; to free
from any thing that powerfully seizes the attention.
To DISENGAGE, dis £n-gajf,' v. n. To set one's
self free from.
DISENGAGED, dls £n-gajd,' part. adj. 359. Va-
cant, at leisure.
DlSENGAGEDNESS, dls-^n-fjajd-n^s, s. The qua-
lity of being disengaged, vacuity of attention.
DISENGAGEMENT, dls £n-<>:ij im£nt, s. Release u the stomach, to distaste; to strike wi
from any engagement or obligation ; freedom of atten- °ffend '• t(> produce aversion,
tion, vacancy. DISGUSTFUL, diz-gust-ful, adj. Nan
To DISENTANGLE, dls-en ting-gl, v. a. To set
free from impediments, to clear from perplexity or dif-
ficulty; to unfold the parts of any thing interwoven ;
to disengage, to separate.
To DlSENTERRE, dis-£n-t£r,' v. a. To unbury.
To DISENTHRAL, dls-£n-{/irawl,' v. a. 406. To
set free, to restore to liberty, to rescue from slavery.
To DlSENTHRONE, dls-£iW//r6ne/ v. a. To de-
| pose from sovereignty.
To DISENTRANCE, dls-£n transe/ v. a. To a-
waken from a trance, or deep sleep.
To DISESPOUSE, dis-£-spouzeJ v. a. To separate
after faith plighted.
DlSESTEEM, dls-e-stWm/ s. Slight, dislike.
To DlSESTEEM, dls-e-st^m/ v. a. To slight, to
dislike.
DiSESTiM AXIOM, d's £s.t<*-ma-shun,s. Disrespect,
discs teem.
DISFAVOUR, dls-fa-v&r, s. Discountenance ; a
state of ungraciousness, or unacceptableness ; want of
beauty.
To DISFAVOUR, dls-faiv&r, v. a. To discounte-
nance, to withhold or withdraw kindness.
DISFIGURATION, dis f ig-u ra-shun, s. The act of
disfiguring ; the state of being disligured ; deformity.
To DISFIGURE, dls-flg-ure, v. a. To change any
thing to a worse form, to deform, to mangle.
DISFIGUREMENT, dls-flgiure-m£nt, $. Deface-
ment of beauty, change of a better form to a worse
DISFOREST, dls-f&r-rSst, v. a. To reduce land
from the privileges of a forest to the slate of common
land.
To DISFRANCHISE, dls- fran-tshlz, v. a. 152. To
deprive of privileges or immunities.
DISFRANCHISEMENT, dls-f'ran-tshlz-m£nt, s. The
act of depriving of privileges.
To DiSFURNlSH, dls-f Qr-nlsh, v. a. To unfurnish,
to strip.
To DlSGARNlSH, dlz-garinlsh, r. a. 425. To
strip of ornament ; to take guns from a fortress.
To DlSGLOKIFY, dlz-gl(iire-fl, v. a. To deprive
of glory, to treat with indignity.
To DISGORGE, dlz-gSrji',' v. a. To discharge by
the mouth ; to pour out with violence.
DISGRACE, dlz-grasr,' s. 425. Shame, ignominy,
dishonour; state of dishonour; state of being out of
favour.
To DISGRACE, dlzigrase/ v. a. To bring a re-
proach upon, to dishonour ; to put out of favour.
DISGRACEFUL, dlz grastiful, adj. Shameful, ig-
nominious.
DISGRACEFULLY, dlz-graseifil-4, adv. In dis-
grace, with indignity, ignominiou^ly.
DisGRACEFULNESS, dlz-grase-lul-n3s, s. Igno-
miny.
DlSGRACER, dlz-gra-s&r, s. 98. One that cx]x>sci
to shame.
DlSGRACIOUS, dlz-gra-shus, adj. Unkind, un-
favourable.
To DISGUISE, dlzg-yize,' v. a. 92. 160. To con-
ceal by an unusual dress; to hide by a counterfeit a]>-
pearanee ; to disfigure, to change the form ; to dvi'o: ;n
by liquor.
DISGUISE, dlsg-ylzc,' s. 16O. A dress contrived to
conceal the person that wears it ; a counterfeit *hnw.
DlSGUISEMENT, dlzg-J lze-m£llt, S. Dress of con-
cealment.
DlSGUlSER, dlzg-yi-zur, s. 160. One that puts on
a disguise; one that conceals another by adisgiu.se, one
that disfigures.
DISGUST, dlz-gust/ s. 435. Aversion of the palate
thing ; ill-humour, malevolence, oflente
To DlSGUST, dlz-gust/ v. a To raise aversion in
ith dUike, to
from
con re i
any
ved.
DlSH, dish, s. A broad wide vessel, in which solid
food is served up at the table ; a deep hollow vessel for
liquid food ; the meat served in a dish, any particulai
kind of food.
To DlSH, dish, v. a. To serve in a dish.
DlSH-CLOUT, dlsh-klout, s. The cloth with which
the maids rub their di hes.
DISH-WASHER, dlsh-w6sh-ur, s. The name of a
bird.
DISHABILLE, dls-a bll,' s. Undress, loose dress.
To DiSHABlT, dls-hab-lt, ». a. To throw out of
place.
To DISHEARTEN, dls-blritn, ». a. 130. To dis-
courage, to deject, to terrify.
DISHERISON, dls-h&ri^-zn, S. 170- The act of de-
barring from inheritance.
To DlSHERIT, dls-hdrilt, v. a. To cut off from
hereditary succession.
To DISHEVEL, dish-sh£v£v£l, v. a. To spread the
hair disorderly.
DISHONEST, dlz-ftn-lst, adj. 99. Void of probity,
void of faith; disgraceful, ignominious.
DISHONESTLY, diz-6n-lst-lt*, adv. Without faith,
without probity ; um-hastely.
DISHONESTY, dlz &n-nls-td, s. Want of probity,
faithlessness; unchastity.
DISHONOUR, dlz-6n-nur, s. Reproach, disgrace,
ignominy ; reproach uttered, censure.
To DISHONOUR, dlz-5n-nur, v. a. To disgrace,
to bring shame upon, to blast with infamy; to violaie
chastity ; to treat with indignity.
DISHONOURABLE, dlz-&n-uur-a bl, adj. Shame-
ful, reproachful, ignominious.
DlgHONOL'RER, diz-&n-nur-&r, s. One that treats
another with ind^nity ; a violator of chastity.
To DISHORN, dls- horn,' v. a. To strip of horns.
DlSHUMOUR, dls-u-mur, s. Peevishness, ill hu-
mour.
DlSIMPROVEMENT, dls-lm-pr3ov-m£nt, *. Re-
duction of a better to a worse s'ate
To DISINCARCERATE, dls-lii-karise-rate, v. a.
To set at liberty.
DISINCLINATION, dls ln-kl£-na-shun, *. Warn
of affection slight dislike.
To DISINCLINE, dls-ln-kllm,' v. a. To r reduce
dislike to, to make disaffected, to alienate atUvu.-n
from.
DlSINGENUITY, dls ln-j£-nu^-t£, S. Meanness (.f
artifice, unfairness.
DISINGENUOUS, dls-ln-j3niu-&s, adj. Unfair,
meanly artful, illiberal.
DISINGENUOUSLY, dls-ln-j^n-u-us-li, adv. In a
disingenuous manner.
DlsiNGENlWSNtss, cils-ln-j3n-ii &s-n£s, s. mean
lublilty, low craft.
DIS
fe^- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81— mi 93,
DISINHERISON, dls-In-h?r^-zn, *. The act of ,
cutting off from any hereditary succession ; the state of
being cut off from anv hereditary right
To DISINHERIT, dts-In-hdr-it, v. a. To cut off
from an hereditary right.
To DISINTER, dis-ln-ter/ v. a. To unbury, to take
out of the grave.
DlSlNTERESSED, dlz-lniter-es-sed, adj. Without
regard to private advantage, impartial. . Not used.
DlSINTERESSMENT, diz4nit£r-es-ment, *. Disre-
gard to private advantage, disinterest, disinterested-
ness. Not used.
DISINTEREST, dlz-ln£t3r-est, *. What is contrary
to one's wish or prosperity ; indifference to profit
DISINTERESTED, dlz-lnit£r-es-ted, adj. Superior
to regard of private advantage, not influenced by pri-
vate profit ; without any concern in an affair. »
DISINTERESTEDLY, diz-In-t£r-es ted-le, adv. In
a disinterested manner.
DISINTERESTEDNESS, dlz-In-ter-£s-ted-n£s, s.
Contempt of private interest.
To DisiNTRICATE, dlz-ln-tre-kate, v. a. To dis-
entangle
To DlSINVITE, dls-ln-vite/ v. a. To retract an in-
vitation.
To DISJOIN, dlz-jrjln/ v. a. To separate, to part
from each other, to sunder.
To DISJOINT, dlz-j51nt/ v a. To put out of joint ;
to break at junctures, to separate at the part where
there is a cement ; to carve a fowl ; to make incoheient
To DISJOINT, diz-jdint/ v. n. To fall in pieces;
to separate.
DISJUNCT, dlz-j&ngkt/ adj. 408. Disjointed, se-
parate.
DISJUNCTION, diz-j&ngk-sh&n, s. Disunion, se-
paration, parting.
DISJUNCTIVE, dlz-j&ngKtlv, adj. Incapable of
union ; that marks separation or opposition.
DISJUNCTIVELY, dlz-jungkitlv-l<^ adv. Distinct-
ly, separately.
DISK, disk, s. The face of the sun or planet, as it
appears to the eye ; a broad piece of iron thrown in the
ancient sports, a quoit
DISKINDNESS, disk-y Indies, s. 160. Want of
kindness, want of affection; ill-turn, injury.
DISLIKE, dlz-llke,' s. 435. Disinclination, absence
of affection, disgust, disagreement
To DISLIKE, dlz-like,' v. a. To disapprove, to re-
gard without affection.
DlSLIKEFUL, diz-likt-ful, adj. Disaffected, ma-
lign.
To DISLIKEN, dlz-]Ukn, v. a. To make unlike.
DlSLIKENESS, dlZ-likt-l>eS, S. Dissimilitude, un-
likeness.
DlSLIKER, dlz-li-k&r, s. A disapprover, one that
is not pleased.
To DISLIMB, dlz-llrn,' v. a. To tear limb from
limb.
To DISLIAIN, dlz-Hm,' v. a. 435. To unpaiut.
Not used.
To DISLOCATE, dlsilo-kate, v. a. To put out of
the proj>cr place ; to put out of joint
DISLOCATION, dis-16-ka-shun, *. The act of
shifting the places of things ; the state of being dis-
placed ; a joint put out
To DISLODGE, dlz-16dje,' t>. a. To remove from a
place; to remove.from an habitation ; to drive an ene-
my from a station ; to remove an army to other quar-
ters.
To DISLODGE, dlz-lodje/ v. n. To go away to
another place.
DISLOYAL, diz-loe-al, adj. 435. Not true to al-
legiance, faithless ; not true to the marriage bed ; false
in love, not constant
DISLOYALLY, dlz-loe-il-le, ado. Not faithfully,
disobediently.
DISLOYALTY, dlzMoe-al-te, s. Want of fidelity to
the sovereign ; want of fidelity in love.
154 DIS
35— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, move 164,
DlSMAL, diz-mal, adj. 425. Sorrowful, uncom-
fortable, unhappy.
DISMALLY, diz-mal-l£, adv. Horribly, sorrowfully.
DiSMALNESS, dizimal-n£s, J. Horror, sorrow.
To DISMANTLE, diz-man-tl, v. a. To throw off a
dress, to strip; to loose; to strip a town of its out-
works ; to break down any thing external.
To DlSMASK, diz-mask,' v. a. To divest of a mask.
To DISMAY, dlz-ma/ v. a. 425. To terrify, to
discourage, to affright
DISMAY, dlz-ma/ s. 435. Fall of courage, terror
felt, desertion of mind.
DISMAYEDNESS, diz-maied-n£s, s. Dejection of
courage, dispiritedness.
To DISMEMBER, dlz-memibiir, v. a. To divida
member from member, to cut in pieces.
To DISMISS, diz-mis/ v. a. 435. To send away ;
to discard.
DISMISSION, dlz-mlsh-un, s. Act of sending away ;
deprivation, obligation to leave any post or place.
To DISMOUTGAGE, diz-mor-gaje, v. a. To re-
deem from mortgage.
To DISMOUNT, diz-mount/ v. a. To throw any
one from on h. rseback ; to throw a cannon from its
carriage.
To DISMOUNT, dlz-mofint/ v. n. To alight from
a horse; to descend from an elevation.
To DENATURALIZE, dlz-natsh-u-ra-lize, v. a.
To alienate, to make alien.
DlSNATURED, dlz-na-tsh&rd, adj. 435. Unnatu-
ral, wanting natural tenderness.
DISOBEDIENCE, dis-6-be£de-£nse, s. Violation of
lawful commands or prohibition, breach of duty due
to superiors ; incompliance. — See Obedience.
DISOBEDIENT, dis-6-beide £nt, adj. Not obsetv-
aut of lawful authority.
To DISOBEY, dls-o-ba/ V. a. To break commands
or transgress prohibitions.
DISOBLIGATION, dls-ob-le-ga^shuni s. Offence,
cause of disgust.
To DISOBLIGE, ] SHf"!^ ,? v. a. 111. To
t dls-o-bleeji'/ 3
offend, disgust, to give offence to.
DISOBLIGING, dls-o-bli^jlng, part. adj. 111.
Disgusting, unpleas ng, offensive.
DISOBLIGINGLY, dls-6 billing le, adv. In a dis-
gusting or offensive manner, without attention to
please.
DISOBLIGINGNESS, dls-6-blKjlng-n^s, s. offen-
sivcness, readiness to disgust
DISORBED, dlz-orbd/ adj. 359. Thrown out °*
the proper orbit
DISORDER, dSz-or'dur, s. Irregularity, confusion ;
tumult, disturbance; neglect of rule; sickness, distern-
per; discomposure of mind.
To DISORDER, diz-oi-^d&r, v. a. To throw into
confusion, to disturb, to ruffle ; to make sick.
DISORDERED, diz-or^durd, adj. 359. Irregular,
vicious, loose, diseased.
DISORDERLY, dlz-oi^dur-le, adj Confused, ir-
regular, tumultuous ; contrary to law, vicious.
DISORDERLY, dlz-oridur-le, adv. Irregularly,
confusedly ; without law, inordinately.
DlSORDINATE, diz-oridti- natt, adj. 91. Not liv-
ing by the rules of virtue.
DISORDINATELY, dlz-oride nate- le, adv. Inordv.
nately, viciously.
To DISOWN, diz-one/ v. a. To deny, to renounce.
To DISPARAGE, dis-pir-rldje, v. a. 90. To match
unequally, to injure by union with something inferior
in excellence ; to injure by comparison with something
of less value.
DISPARAGEMENT, dls-parildje-ment, s. Injuri-
ous union or comparison with something of iiUerioi
excellence.
DISPARAGER, dls plrirldje-&r, s. One tint di*.
graces.
DIS
155
DIS
nor 167, not 163 — tube 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — oil 299— pS&nd 313— thin 46G — THIS 469
DISPARITY, dts-par^-t£, s. 511. Inequality, dif-
ference iu degree, either of rank or excellence; dissi-
militude, unhkeness.
To DlSPARK, dis-park,' v. a. To throw open a
]>ark ; to set at large without enclosure.
To DISPART, dls-part/ v. a. To divide into two,
to separate, to break.
DisPASSION, dis-pishiCin, s. Freedom from men-
tal perturbation.
DISPASSIONATE, dls-pashi&n-ate, adj. 91. Cool,
calm, temperate.
To DlSPEL, dls-p§l/ v. a. To drive by scattering,
dissipate.
DISPENSARY, dls-p3n-sa-r£, s. The place where
medicines are dispensed.
DISPENSATION, dls-p£n-sa-sh&n, s. Distribution,
the act of dealing out any thing ; the dealing of God
with his creatures, method of Providence ; an exemp-
tion from some la*.
DlSPENSATOR. dls p£n-s^t&r, s. One employed
in dealing out any thing, a distributer.
DISPENSATORY, dls-p3n-sat&r-ti, s. 512. A
book in which the com|K>sition of inedic'nes is describ-
ed and directed, a pharmacopoeia.
To DISPENSE, dre-p^nwj v. a. To deal out, to
distribute; To dispense with, to excuse to grant dis-
. pensation for.
DISPENSE, dls-pSnsr/ s. Dispensation, exemption.
DISPENSER, dls-p^n-s&r, s. 98. One that dis-
penses, a distributer.
To DISPEOPLE, dls-p&pl, v. a. To depopulate,
to empty of people.
DlSPEOPLER, dls-pe'pl-ur, s. A dei>op-ilator.
To DlSPERGE, cfis-plrdjf,' v. a. To sj.rinkle.
To DISPERSE, dls-p£rse/ v. a. To scatter, to
drive to different parts ; to dissipate.
DiSPERSEDLY, dls-p£r-s£d-!e, ado S64. In a
, dispersed manner.
DiSPERSEDNESS, dls-p^r^d n3s, s. Thinness,
seatteredness.
DisPERSER, dls-p^ris&r, s. 98. A soatterer, a
spreader.
DISPERSION, dls-plr^shfin, s. The act of scatter-
ing or spreading ; the state of being scattered.
To DISPIRIT, dis-pir-lt, v. a. 109. To discou-
rage, to depress, to damp; to exhaust the spirits.
DISPIRITEDNESS, dls-plrilt-4d-n&, s. Want of
vigour.
To DISPLACE, dls-plasc,' v. a.
To put out of
place ; to put out of any state, condition, or dignity ;
to disorder.
DlSPLACENCY, dls-pla£s£n-s£, s. Incivility, dis-
oblUation; any thing unpleasing.
To DlSPLANT, dls-plant/ v. a. To remove a
plant; to drive a people from the place in which they
have fixed.
DlSPLANTATION, dls-plin-ta-sh&n, s. The re-
moval of a plant ; the ejection of a people.
To DISPLAY, dls-pla,' v. a. To spread wide ; to «.x-
hibit to the sight or mind ; to set out ostentatiously to
view.
DISPLAY, dls-pla/ s. An exhibition of any thing to
view.
DlSPLEASANT, dls-pl£zi;\nt, adj. Unpleasing, of-
fensive.
To DISPLEASE, dls-pleze,' v. a. To oflend, to
make angry ; to disgust, to raise aversion.
DISPLEASINGNESS, dls-ple-zlng-nds, s. Offen-
siveness, quality of offending.
DISPLEASURE, dls-pl^zh-ure, s. Uneasiness, pain
received; offence, pain given; anger, indignation;
state of disgrace.
To DISPLEASURE, dls-pl3zh-6re, v. a. To dis-
please, not to gain favour.
To DlSPLODE, dls-plAde,' v. a. To disperse with
a louil noise, to vent with violence.
DISPORT, dls-port/ s. Play, sport, pastime.
To DISPORT, dls-pArt,' v. a. To divert.
To DISPORT, dls pArt/ v. n. TQ play, to toy, to
wanton.
DISPOSAL, dls-pA^zal, S. The act of disposing or
regulating any thing, regulation, distribution ; the
power of distribution, the right of bestowing.
To DISPOSE, dls-pAze/ »>. a. To give, to place, to
bestow; to adapt, to form for any purpose; to frame
the mind ; to regulate, to adjust; To dispose of, to ap-
ply to any purpose, to transfer to any person, to give
away, to sell ; to place in any condition.
DISPOSE, dls-pAze/ S. Power, management, dis-
posal ; cast of mind, inclination.
DISPOSER, dls-pA-zur, s. 98. Distributer, giver,
bestower ; governor, regulator.
DISPOSITION, dls-pA-zlshi&n, s. Order, method,
distribution ; natural fitness, quality ; tendency to any
act or state; temper of mind ; affection of kindness or
ill-will; predominant inclination.
DISPOSITIVE, dls-poz-£-tlv, adj. That implies dis-
posal of any property.
DlSPOSITIVELY, dls-p&Z^-tlv-ll^, adv. Distribu-
tive! y.
To DISPOSSESS, dls-p6z-z£s,' v. a. To put out of
possession, to deprive, to disseize.
DlSPOSURE, dls-po-zhure, s. Disposal, govern-
ment, management ; state, posture.
DISPRAISE, dls-praze' s. Blame, censure.
To DISPRAISE, dls-praze,' v. a. To blame, to cen-
sure.
DISPRAISER, dls-praiz&r, s. 98. A censurer.
DISPRAISIBLE, dls-pra-zti-bl, adj. Unworthy of
commendation.
DlSPRAlSINGLY, dls-pra-zlng-li, adv. With blame.
To DlSPREAD, dls-spr£J,' v. a. To spread differ-
ent ways.
DISPROOF, dls pr5of/ s. Confutation, conviction
of error or falsehood.
DISPROPORTION, dls-prA-pArishfin,s. Unsuitable-
ness in quantity of one thing to another, want of sym-
metry.
To DISPROPORTION, dis-prd-pArish&n, v. a. To
mismatch, to join things unsuitably.
DISPROPORTIONABLE, dls-prA-pArishun-a-bl,a$.
Unsuitable in quantity.
DisPROFORTiONABLENESS, dls-prA-pArish&n-J-
bl-n$s, s. Unsuitableness to something else.
DISPROPORTIONABLY, dls-prA-por-shun-a-blt*,
adv. Unsuitably, not symmetrically.
DISPROPORTIONAL, dls-pro porish&ii-al, adj.
Disproportionate, not symmetrical.
D ^PROPORTIONALLY, dis-pr6-pArish?in-aI-l<$,
adv. Unsuitably with respect to quantity or value.
DISPROPORTIONATE, dis pro-pAr-shhn-ate, adj.
91. Unsymmetrical, unsuitable to something else.
DISPROPORTIONATELY, dls-pro p6rish&ii-ati.-l(i,
adv. Unsuitably, unsymmetrically.
DISPHOPORTIONATENESS, dls-pro-porish&n-ate-
n£s, s. Unsuitableness in bulk or value.
To DISPROVE, dls-prS3ve,' v. a. To confute an
assertion, to conviet of error or falsehood.
DISPROVES, dls-pr&d-vur, s. 98. One that con-
futes.
DISPUNISHABLE, dls-punilsh-i-bl, adj. Without
penal restraint.
DISPUTABLE, dls£p6-ta-bl, or dls-p&'ta-bl, adj.
Liable to contest, controvertiblc ; lawful to be contested.
r. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, VV. Johnston,
Mr. bmith, Perry, and Bailey, are for the second pronun-
ciation of this word ; and Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Bu-
chanan, and Entick, for the first : and this, notwithstand-
ing the majority of suffrages against it, is, in my opinion,
decidedly most agreeable to the best usage. It were un-
doubtedly to be wished that words of this form preserved
I the accent of the verb to which they correspond ; but thU
)I6PLOSION, dls-plo-zh&n, s. The act of displod- ! «Hrre»pondence we find entirely set aside "in lamentajbl':.
ing, a sudden burst with noise. ' comparable, admirable, and many others, with which Di*
DIS
156
DIS
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, n>& 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 164,
pntable mus! certainly class. Mr. Scott gives bcth modes
of accenting this word ; but by his placing the word with
the accent on the first syllable first, we may presume he
prefers this pronunciation. — See Indisputable.
DISPUTANT, disipfc-tant, s. 503. Controvertist,
an arguer, a reasoner.
DISPUTANT, disiph-tint, adj. Disputing, engaged
in controversy.
DISPUTATION, dls-pi'j-ta-shfm, s. The skill of
controversy, argumentation ; controversy, argumental
contest.
DISPUTATIOUS, dls-pii-taish&s, adj. Inclined to
dispute, cavilling.
DISPUTATIVE, d'is-p6-ta-tlv, adj. 512. Disposed
to (febate.
To DISPUTE, dls-p&te/ v. n. To contend by argu.
mcnt, to debate, to controvert.
To DISPUTE, dls-piite/ v. a. To contend for ; to
oppose, to question ; to discuss.
DISPUTE, dls-pfite,' *. Contest, controversy.
DlSPUTELESS, dls-pfiteil£s, adj. Undisputed, un-
comrovertible.
DlSPUTER, dls-pi-t&r, s. A controvertist, one given
to argument.
DISQUALIFICATION, dls-kw61-£-f£-ka-shin, «.
That which disqualifies.
To DISQUALIFY, dls-kw&litj-fi, ». a. To make
unfit, to disable by some natural or legal impediment ;
to depri ve of a right or claim by some positive restriction.
DISQUIET, dls-kwU£t, *. Uneasiness, restlessness ;
vexation, anxiety.
To DISQUIET, dls-kwWt, v. a. To disturb, to
make uneasy, to vex, to fret.
DISQUIETER, dls-kwU£t-&r, *. A disturber, a ha-
rasser.
DISQUIETLY, dls-kwU£t-l£, adv. Without rest,
anxiously.
DISQUIETNESS, dls-kwWt-nfe, *. Uneasiness,
restlessness, anxiety.
DISQUIETUDE, dls-kwW-t&de, *. Uneasiness,
anxiety.
DISQUISITION, dls kwd-zlshi&n, ». Examination,
disputativc inquiry.
DISREGARD, dls-r£ gird/ *. Slight notice, ne-
glect.
To DISREGARD, dls-r^-gard/ v. a. To flight, to
contemn.
DisnEGAROFUL, dls-r^-gard-fil, adj. Negligent,
contemptuous.
DiSREGARDFULLY, dls-rd-gird-ful-ld, ado. Con-
temptuously.
DISRELISH, dlz r£l'l^h, s. 435. Bad taste, nau-
seous iess; dUlike, equeamishness.
To DISRELISH, diz-r£l-lsh, t;. a. To infect with
an unpleasant taste ; to want a taste of.
DISREPUTATION, dls-r£p-ii-ta£sh&n,s. Disgrace,
dishonour.
DISREPUTE, dls ri-pite/ t. Ill character, dishon-
our, want of reputation.
DISRESPECT, dls-r£-sp£kt,' *. Incivility, want of
reverence, rudeness.
DISRESPECTFUL, dls-r£ sp^ktiful, adj. Irreverent,
uncivil.
DISRESPECTFULLY, dls-reUsp£kt£ful-lt*, adv. Ir-
reverently.
To DISROBE, dlz-r5be/ v.na. 435. To undress, to
uncover.
DISRUPTION, dlz-rfipish&n, «. 435. The act of
breaking asunder, breach, rent.
DISSATISFACTION, dls sat Is f ak'shun, $. The
state of Ik ing dissatisfied, discontent.
DISSATISFACTORINESS, dls-sat-ls-fakit&r-i-n£s,
*. Inability to give content.
DISSATISFACTORY, dls sat-k-fakit&r-i, adj. 557.
Unable to give content.
To DISSATISFY, dis-s>atiis-fi, v. a. To discontent,
to displease.
To DISSECT, dls-sSkt,' v. a. 424. To cut in pieces ;
to divide and examine minutely.
DISSECTION, dls-s£k-shfin, s. The aci of separat-
ing the parts of animal bodies, anatomy.
DISSEISIN, dls-sdizin, s. An unlawful dispossessing
a man of his land.
To DISSEIZE, dis-s^ze/ v. a. To dispossess, to de-
prive.
DlSSEIZOR, dls s&zor, *. 166. He that dispos-
sesses another.
To DISSEMBLE, dls-s£mibl, v. a. To hide und r
false appearance, to pretend that not to be which really
is ; to pretend that to be which is not
To DISSEMBLE, dls-s&n^bl, v. n. To play tr.e
hypocrite.
DISSEMBLER, d!s-s<*mib!&r, j. A hypocrite, a man
who conceals his true disposition.
DISSEMBLINGLY, dis-semibllng -W, adv. With
dissimulation, hypocritically*
To DISSEMINATE, dls-s^m^-nate, v. a. To
scatter as seed, to spread every way.
DISSEMINATION, dls-s£m-e-na£sh&n, s. The act
of scattering like seed.
DISSEMINATOR, dls-s^m^-nA-t&r, s. 521. He
that scatters, a spreader.
DISSENSION, dls-s^n^sh&n, *. Disagreement, strife,
contention, breach of union.
DISSENSIOUS, dls-s^n'sh&s, adj. Disposed to dis-
cord, contentious.
To DISSENT, dls-s3nt/ j». n. To disagree in opi-
nion ; tc differ, to be of a contrary nature.
DISSENT, dls-s£nt/ *. Disagreement, difference of
opinion, declaration of difference of opinion.
DISSENTANEOUS, dls-s£n-ta-n£-Os, adj. Disa-
greeable, inconsistent, contrary.
DISSENTER, dls-sdn^t&r, s. 98. One that disa-
grees, or declares his disagreement, from an opinion ;
one who, for whatever reasons, refuses the communion
of the English church.
DISSENTIENT, dis-s^nishSnt, adj. Declaring dis-
sent.
DISSERTATION, dls-s£r-ta-sh&n, *. A discourse.
To DISSERVE, dls-s&nr/ v. a. 424. To do injury
to, to harm.
DISSERVICE, dls-s£rMs, .». Injun, mischief.
DlSSERVICEABLE, dls-s£rivls-a-bl, adj. Injurious,
mischievous.
DISSERVICEABLENESS, dls-s^rivls-i-bl nes, t.
Injury, harm, hurt.
To DlSSETTLE, dls-s&itl, v. a 4O5. To unsettle.
To DISSEVER, dls-s£v-&r, v. a. To cut in two, to
break, to divide, to disunite.
DissiDENCE, dis£-s^-d£nse, s. Discord, disagree-
ment.
DissiLlENCE, dls-sll-ydnse, «. 113. The act of
starting asunder.
DlSSILIENT, dls-sll-y£nt, adj. Starting asunder,
bursting in two.
DlSSILITION, dls-sll-lshi&n, *. The act of burst-
ing in two, of starting different ways; the opposite tn
Coalition.
DISSIMILAR, dls-slrai4 l&r, adj. 88. Unlike, he-
terogeneous.
DISSIMILARITY, dls-slm-4-lari4-t£, *. Uniikeness,
dissimilitude.
DISSIMILITUDE, dls-slm-mll^-tide, *. Uniike-
ness, want of resemblance.
DISSIMULATION, dls sim-fc-laish&n, *. The ait
of dissembling, hypocrisy.
DlSSIPABLE, dls^s^ pa-bl, adj. Easily scattered.
To DISSIPATE, dlsis^-pate, v. a. 91. To >cattei
every where, to disperse; to scatter the attention ; to
spend a fortune.
DISSIPATION, dls-si-pa-sh&n, s. The act of dis-
persion; the state of being dispersed; scattered a::en-
DIS
157
DIS
nor 167, not 163— t&be 171, tJib 172, bfill 173—511 299 — pound 313— thin 466— THls 469-
To DISSOCIATE, dls-s6-sh^-ate, v. a. To separ-
ate, to disunite, to part.
DISSOLVABLE, dlz-zol-vi-bl, adj. Capable of dis-
solution.
DISSOLUBLE, dlsis6-l&-bl, adj. Capable of separ-
ation o< one part from another.
ffj- The accent is invariably placed on the first syllable
of this word, as it comes from the Latin disxolulii/is, which
seems to confirm tl>e observations on the word lucuin/xn-
able. Dissolvable is a compound of our own, and there-
fore retains the accent of the verb from which ii is form-
ed, 501. — See Academy, Disputable, and Resoluble.
DISSOLUBILITY, dls-sol-li bil-eM<i, s. Liableness
to suffer a disunion of p irts.
To DISSOLVE, dlz-z&lv,' v. a. 424. To destroy
the form of any thing by disuniting the parts; to loose,
to break the lies of any thing ; to break up assemblies ;
to break an enchantment.
To DISSOLVE, dlz-zulv,' v. n. To be melted; to
fall to nothing ; to melt away in pleasure.
DISSOLVENT, d!z-z61-v£nt, adj. Having the power
of dissolving or melting.
DISSOLVENT, diz-z51- v£nt, S. The power of dis-
uniting the parts of any thing.
DISSOLVES,, diz-z51-vur, s. That which has the
power of dissolving.
DisSOLViBLE, dlz-zoUv^-bl, adj. Liable to per-
ish by dissolution
KJ" If this word and its etymon must be written Dis-
toMble and Solvible, and not Dissolvable and Solvable,
because Solvo and its compounds in Latin are of the third
conjugation, and form their personal and temporal varia-
tions by assuming i, there is no reason why Resolvable
should "be written with a, as it stands in Johnson, who,
notwithstanding he writes Uissolmble here with an i, yet
in his explanation of the etymology of Ituliaolvable, tells
us it is formed from in, ana Dissolvable with an a.
DISSOLUTE, dis-so -lute, adj. Loose, wanton, de-
bauched.
DISSOLUTELY, dls^sA.ldite-l£, adv. Loosely, in
debauchery.
DISSOLUTENESS, dls-si-liite-n^s, s. Looseness,
laxity of manners, debauchery.
DISSOLUTION, dls-s6-lii-sbAn, *. The act of li-
quifying by heat or moisture; the state of being liqui-
iied ; destruction of any thing by the separation of its
parts ; death, the resolution of the body into its consti-
tuent elements ; destruction ; the act ot breaking up an
assembly i looseness of manners.
DISSONANCE, dls-s6-nanse, *. A mixture of harsh,
(inharmonious sounds.
DISSONANT, dis-so-nant, adj. Harsh, unhanno-
nious ; incongruous, disagreeing.
To DISSUADE, xlls-swadi.-,' v. a. 331. To diveit
by reason or importunity from any thing.
DlSSUADER, dis-s\vu-dtir, s. 98. He that dis-
suades.
DISSUASION, dls swaizh&n, *. 451. Urgency of
reason or importunity against any thing.
DISSUASIVE, dls-swa-slv, adj. 428. Dehortatory,
tending to persuade against.
DISSUASIVE, dis-swa'slv, *. Argument to turn the
mind oft" from any purpose.
DISSYLLABLE, dlsisil-la-bl, s. A word of two
syllables.
DISTAFF, disitAf, s. The staff from which the flax
is drawn in spinning ; it is used as an emblem of the
female sex.
To DlSTAIN, dls-tane,' v. a. To stain, to tinge;
to blot, to sully with infamy.
DISTANCE, dlsitanse, s.
Distance is space consi-
dered between any two beings; remoteness in place ;
the space kept between two antagonists in fencing; a
space marked en the course where horses run ; space
of time ; remoteness in time ; respect, distant behavi-
our ; retraction of kindness, reserve.
To DISTANCE, dls-tinse, v. a. To place remotely,
to throw off from the view ; to leave behind at a race
the length of a distance.
DISTANT, dls'tant, adj. Remote in place ; remote
in time cither past or future ; reserved ; not obvious*
DISTASTE, dls-taste,' s. Disgust, dislike ; aliena-
tion of affection.
To DiaTASTE, dls taste,' ». a. To fill the mouth
with nauseousness ; to dislike, to loathe ; to offend, to
disgust.
DISTASTEFUL, dis-tasteiful, adj. Nauseous to the
palate, disgusting; offensive, unplcasing.
DlSTEMPEft, dis t£m'pur, s. A disease, a malady ;
bad constitution of mind, depravity of inclination ; un-
easiness.
To DISTEMPER, dls-t£mipfir, v. a. To disease, to
disorder ; to disturb ; to destroy temper or moderation.
DlSTEMPERATE, dls-t<*m£p&r-ate, adj. 91. Im-
moderate.
DISTEMPEBATUBE, dls-t&nip&r-a-tshure, s. In.
temperateness, excess of heat or cold; perturbation of
the mind.
To DISTEND, dls-t£nd/ v. a. To stretch out in
breadth.
DISTENT, dls-t£nt,' s. The space through which
any thing is spread.
DETENTION, dls terAhun, s. The act of stretch-
ing in breadth ; breadth, space occupied.
DISTICH, dis^-tlk, s. 353. A couplet, a couple of
lines.
To DlSTIL, dls-tll,' v. n. To drop, to fall by drop* ;
to Mow gently and silently ; to use a still.
To DlSTIL, dls-tll/ v. a. To let fall in drops ; to
draw by distillation.
DISTILLATION, dls-til-U-sb&n, s. The act of
dropping or falling in drops ; the act of pouring out in
drops; that which tails in drops ; the act of distilling by
fire ; the substance drawn by the still,
DlSTILLATOttY, dls-tll-la-t&r-^, adj. 512. Belong-
ing to distillation.
DISTILLER, dis-tll-l&r, «. One who practises the
trade of distilling ; one who makes pernicious intlam.
matory spirits.
DjSTILMENT, dls Ul-m^nt, 5. That which is drawn
by distillation.
DISTINCT, dls-tlngkt/ adj. 408. Different; apart ;
clear, unconfused , marked out, specified.
DISTINCTION, dls-tlngk'sh&n, s. Note of differ-
ence; honourable note of superiority; that by which
one differs from another ; division into different parts ;
notation of difference between things seemingly the
same.
DISTINCTIVE, dls tlngk^tlv, adj. That makes dis-
tinction or difference ; having the power to distin-
guish.
DISTINCTIVELY, dls-tlngkitlv-W, adv. In right
order, not confusedly.
DISTINCTLY, dls-tlngkt£l£, adv. Not confusedly ;
plainly, clearly.
DISTINCTNESS, dis-tlngktin^s, s. Nice observa-
tion of the difference between things ; such separation
of things as makes them easy to be observed.
To DISTINGUISH, dls tlng-gwlsh, v. a. 340. To
note the diversity of things; to separate from others by
some mark of honour; to divide by proper notes of
diversity ; to know one from another by any mark ;
to discern critically, to judge; to constitute difference;
to specificate ; to make known or eminent.
To DISTINGUISH, dls-tlng-gwlsh, v. n. To make
distinction, to find or show the difference.
DISTINGUISHABLE, dls-tlng-gwish-a-bl, auj
Capable of being distinguished ; worthy of note, wor-
thy of regard.
DISTINGUISHED, dls-tlng^gwlsht, part. adj. 359.
Eminent, extraordinary.
DISTINGUISHES, dis-tlngigwlsb-ir, *. A judi-
cious observer, one that accurately discerns one thing
from another ; he that separates one thing from ano-
ther by proper marks of diversity.
DISTINGUISHINGLY, dls tlng-gwlsh-lng-li, adv.
With distinction.
DJSTINGUISHMENT, dls-tlng-gwlsh-m^nt, s. Dis-
tiiu-tion, observation of difference.
To DISTORT, dls tort,' v. a. To writhe, to twikt,
DIS
ir>8
DIV
15- 559. File 73, fJr 77, fall 83, f3t 81— mi 93, mtH 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 1 62, m5ve ! 64.
to deform by irregular motions ; to put out of the true
direction or posture; to wrest from the true meaning.
DISTORTION, dls-tor-shfm, *. Irregular motion,
by which the face is writhed, or the parts disordered.
To DlSTKACT, dls-trakt,' v. a. part. pass. Dis-
tracted, anciently Distraught. To pull different ways
at once; to separate, to divide; to perplex ; to make
mad.
DISTRACTEDLY, dls-trakit3d-l4, adv. Madly,
frantickJy.
DlSTRACTEDNESS, dls-trikit£d-n&, s. The state
of being distracted, madness.
DISTRACTION, dls-trik-shin, s. Confusion, state
in which the attention is called different ways ; pertur-
bation of mind ; frantickness, loss of wits ; tumult, dif-
ference of sentiments.
To DISTRAIN, dls-trane,' v. a. To seize.
To DISTRAIN, dls-trane,' v. n. To make seizure.
DlSTKAlNER, dls tra-n&r, s. 98. He that seizes.
DISTRAINT, dls-trant,' s. Seizure.
DISTRAUGHT, dls-triwt,' part. adj. Distracted.
Little used.
DISTRESS, dls-tr£s,' s. The act of making a legal
seizure; a compulsion, by which a man is assured to
appear in court or to pay a debt ; the thing seized by
law ; calamity, misery, misfortune.
To DISTRESS, dls ti4s,' v. a. To prosecute by law
to a seizure; to harass, to make miserable.
DISTRESSFUL, dls-tres-ful, adj. Full of trouble,
full of misery.
To DISTRIBUTE, dls-tr1b-6te, v. a. To divide a-
mongst more than two, to deal out.
DISTRIBUTION, dis-tn*-bii-shun, s. The act of
distributing or dealing out to others ; act of giving in
charity.
DISTRIBUTIVE, dls-trlb^i-tlv, adj. Assigning to
others their proper portions.
DlSTRIBUTIVELY, dls trlb-i-tlv-W, adv. By dis-
tribution ; singly, particularly.
DISTRICT, dis-trlkt, s. The circuit within which
a man may be compelled to appearance ; circuit of au-
thority, province ; region, country, territory.
To DISTRUST, dls-tr&st,' v. a. To regard with
diffidence, not to trust,
DISTRUST, dls-tr&st,' s. Loss of credit, loss of
confidence, suspicion.
DISTRUSTFUL, dls-tr&st-ful, adj. Apt to distrust,
suspicious ; diflident of himself, timorous.
DISTRUSTFULLY, dls-trust-ful-le, adv. In a dis-
trustful manner.
DlSTRUSTFULNESS, dls-tr&st-ful-n^s, $. The state
of being distrustful, want of confidence.
DlSTRUSTLESS, dls tristilfc, adj. Void of distrust.
To DISTURB, dls-tftrb,' v. a. To perplex, to dis-
quiet ; to put into irregular motions ; to interrupt, to
hinder.
DISTURBANCE, dls-t&ribanse, s. Interruption of
tranquillity; confusion, disorder, tumult.
DISTURBER, dls-t&jib&r, s. A violator of peace, he
mat causes tumults ; he that causes perturbation of mind.
To DlSTURN, dls-turn,' v. a. To turn off. Not used
DEVALUATION, dlz-val-Ji-a-shQn, s. Disgrace,
diminution of reputation.
To DisVALUE, dlz-val-i, v. a. To undervalue.
DISUNION, dls-ii^nd-ftn, s. Separation, disjunction
breach of concord.
If^f* Some curious inspector may, perhaps, wonder whj
I have given disunion, disuse, Sic. the pure s and not the
z, since I have laid it down as a general rule under the
prepositive particle Dis, that the s immediately before thr
accent, when a vowel begins the next syllable, is alway
flat; but it must be remembered, that long « in these
words is not a pure vowel, 8 ; not that I think the z, in i
this case, would be palpably wrong ; for, though long u I
may be called a semi-consonant, it is sufficiently vocal to
make the j, or x, sound, in these words, perfectly indiffer- :
ent. — .See Dis.
To DISUNITE, dls-u-nite,' v . a. To separate, to di-
viae ; to part friends.
To DISUNITE, dls-fi-nlte,' v. n. To fall asunder,
to become separate.
DISUNITY, dis-fi-nA-ti, s. A state of actual separ-
ation.
DlSUSAGE, dls-u-zaje, s. 90. The gradual cessa-
tion of use or custom.
DlaUSE, dls 6si',' s. 437. Cessation of use, want
of practice; cessation of custom.
To DISUSE, dls-t'ize,' v. a. To cease to make use
of; to disaccustom.
To DISVOUCH, diz-vo&tsh/ v. a. To destroy the
credit of, to contradict.
DlTCH, dltsh, x. A trench cut in the ground usu-
ally between fields; any long narrow receptacle of wa-
ter; the moat with which a town is surrounded.
To DlTCH, dltsh, v. a. To make a ditch.
DITCHER, ditsh-ur, s. One who digs ditches.
DiTHYRAMBlCK, du/i-t^-ram-blk, s. A song in
honour of Bacchus ; any poem written with wildness.
DITTANY, dlt-tl-n£, s. An herb.
DlTTIED, dlt-tld, udj. 282. Sung, adapted to mu-
sick.
DlTTY, dlt-t£, s. A poem to be sung, a song.
DlVAN, di-van/ *. 1 24. The council of the Ori-
ental Princes; any council assembled.
To DIVARICATE, di-var^e-kate, v. n. 125. To
be parted into two.
DIVARICATION, di-var-^-ka-sh&n, s. Partition
into two; division of opinions.
To DlVE, dive, v. n. To sink voluntarily under
water ; to go deep into any question, or science.
DlVER, di-vur, s. One that sinks voluntarily under
water; one that goes under water to search for any
thing; he that enters deep into knowledge or study.
To DIVERGE, di-v£rje,' v. n, 124. To tend va-
rious ways from one point.
DIVERGENT, d£ vdrijSnt, adj. 124. Tending to
various parts from one point.
DlVERS, di-v£rz, adj. Several, sundry, more than
one.
DIVERSE, di-vlrse, adj. Different from another ;
different from itself, multiform; in different directions.
DIVERSIFICATION, d£-v£r •s£-f£-ka-slmn, s. The
act of changing forms or qualities; variation, variega-
tion ; variety of forms, multiformity ; change, altera-
tion.
To DIVERSIFY, d£-v£r-s£.fl, v. a. To make dif-
ferent from another, to distinguish ; to make different
from itself, to variegate.
DIVERSION, de-vdr-sh&n, s. 124. The act of
turning any thing off from its course; the cause by
which any thing is turned from its proper course or ten-
dency; sport, something that unbends the mind ; in
war, "the act or purpose of drawing the enemy off from
some design, by threatening or attacking a distant part.
DIVERSITY, de-v£r-s£-t£, s. Difference, dissimili-
tude, variety.
DlVERSLY, di-V§rs-l£, adv. In different ways, va-
riously.
To DIVERT, dd-vlrt/ v. a. 124. To turn off from
any direction or course; to draw forces to a different
part; to withdraw the mind; to please, to exhilarate.
DlVERTER, de-v£rit&r, s. Any thing that diverts
or alleviates.
To DIVERTISE, d6-vdr-tlz, v. n. To sport, to a-
muse, to divert.
K'f' Dr. Johnson seems to have accented this word on
the last syllable, in compliance with the verb advertise,
which is exactly of the same form, and therefore he
thought ought to be accented in the same manner. But
bv making divertise conform in accentuation to advertise,
we make the general rule stoop to the exception, rather
than the exception to the general rule. For in all verbs
of three or more syllables, where the termination ite is
only the verbal formation, and does not belong to the
root, we never find the accent on it; as criticise, exercise,
epitomise, &C. See Advertisement.
DiVERTiSEMENT, dd-v£r-tlz-m£nt, s. Diversion,
delight.
DIU
159
DOD
n«5r 167, n&t 163— t&be 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299 — pSund 313 — //tin 466 — THIS 469.
DlVERTIVE, d£-vdr-tlv, adj. Recreative, amusive.
To DIVEST, d^-v3st,' v. a. 124. To strip, to make
naked.
DlVESTURE, dt^-v&'tshfire, s. The act of putting off.
DjviDABLE, du-vi-d&-bl, adj. That may be sepa-
rated.
DlVIDANT, de-vl^dint, adj. Different, separate.
Not used.
To DIVIDE, divide,' v. a. 124. To part one
whole into diflV rent pieces ; to separate ; to disunite by
discord ; to deal out, to give in shares.
To DlVIDE, de-vide/ v- n. To part, to sunder, to
break friendship.
DIVIDEND, dlv-4-d£nd, s. A share, the part allot-
ted in division ; dividend is the number given to be
parted or divided.
DIVIDER, de-vl-dur, s. 98. That which parts any
thing into pieces ; a distributer, he who deals out to
each his share ; a disuniter ; a particular kind of com-
passes.
DIVIDUAL, d£.vld'u-;\l, or d£-vld-jft41, adj.
233. 376. Divided, shared or participated in common
with others.
DIVINATION, d!v-£-na-shun, *. 530. Prediction
or foretelling of future things.
DIVINE, d^-vine,' adj. 124. Partaking of the na-
ture of God ; proceeding from God, not natural, not
human ; excellent in a supreme degree ; presageful.
DlVlNE, de-vine/ s. A minister of the gospel, a
priest, a clergyman ; a man skilled in divinity, a theo-
lognn-
To DIVINE, di-vlne/ u. a. To foretel, to fore-
know.
Tu DIVINE, dd-vine,' v. n. To utter prognostica-
tion ; to feel presages ; to conjecture, to guess.
DIVINELY, d£-vlne-l£, adv. By the agency or in-
fluence of God; excellently, in the supreme degree;
in a manner noting a deity.
DlVlNENESS, de-vlne-nfe, s. Divinity, participa-
tion of the Divine nature; excellence in the supreme
degree.
DlVINER, dd-vUnur, s. 98. One that professes di-
vination, or the art of revealing occult tilings by super-
natural means ; conjecturer, guesser.
DlVlNEttESS, d4-vine-r£s, s. A prophetess.
DIVINITY, de-vln.ie-t£, s. 511. Participation of
the nature and excellence of God, deity, godhead ; the
Deity, the Supreme Being ; celestial being ; the science
of divine things, theology.
DIVISIBLE, de-vlz-e-bl, adj. 124. Capable of be-
ing divided into parts, separable.
DIVISIBILITY, de-v!z-£-bil-£ t&, s. The quality of
admitting division
DlVISlBLENESS, d4-vlz-£-bl-n£s, s. Divisibility.
DIVISION, d£-v!sh-un, s. The act of dividing any
thing into parts ; the state of being divided ; that by
which any thing is kept apart, partition ; the part
which is separated from the rest by dividing ; disunion,
difference; parts into which a discourse is distributed;
space between the notes of musick, just time ; in arith-
metick, the separation or parting of any number or
quantity given, info any parts assigned.
DlVISOK, de-vliz&r, s. 166. The number given, by
which the dividend is divided.
DIVORCE, d£-v6rsc,' s. 124. The legal separation
of husband and wife ; separation, disunion ; the sen-
tence by which a marriage is dissolved.
To DIVORCE, d^-vorst-,' v. a. To separate a hus-
band or wife from the other ; to force asunder, to se-
parate by violence.
DIVORCEMENT, d£-vorse£mlnt, s. Divorce, se-
paration of marriage.
DlVORCER, d^-vor-sur, s. The person or cause
which produces divorce or separation.
DlURETICK, di-i-reti-Ik, adj. Having the power
to provoke urine.
DlURNAL, dl-fri-iniU, adj. 116. Relating to the
day ; constituting the day ; performed in a day, daily.
DlURNAL, dl-ur-m\l, s. A journal, a day-book.
DlURNALLY, dl-ur-ni-1^, ado. Daily, every day.
DlUTURNITY, di-ii-t&r-ne t<J, i. Length of dura-
tion.
To DIVULGE, dd-vulje/ v- a. To publish, to make
publick ; to proclaim.
DrvitLGER, de-vfrl-jur, s. 98. A publisher.
DlVULSION, d^-V&l-shun, s. The act of plucking
away.
To DlZEN, di-zn, v. a. 103. To dress, to deck.
DlZZAUD, diz-zurd, s. A blockhead, a fool.
DIZZINESS, diz-Z(i-n£s, s. Giddiness.
DlZZY, dlz-z£, adj. G.ddy, causing giddiness ,
thoughtless.
2'0 DlZZY, dlz^z^, v. a. To whirl round, to make
- giddy.
To Do, dod, w. a. 164. To practise or act any
thing good or bad ; to perform, to achieve ; to execute,
to discharge ; to finish, to end ; to conclude, to settle.
To Do, do5, v. n. To act or behave in any man-
ner well or ill : to make an end, to conclude ; to cease
to be concerned with, to cease to care about; to fare,
to be with regard to sickness or health, as, How do you
do ? To ao :s used for any verb to save the repetit'iou
of the word ; as, I shall come ; but if I do not, go a-
way ; that is, if I come not. Do is a word of vehement
command, or earnest request ; as, Help me, do ! Make
haste, do !
DociBLE, d5s£4-bl, adj 405. Tractable, docile,
easy to be taught.
DOCIBLENESS, d&s^-bl-n£s, s. Teachableness, do-
cility.
DOCILE, dSs-sll, adj. 140. Teachable, easily in-
structed, tractable.
Jt^> Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Mr. Smith,
anuMr. Perry, make the first syllable of this word short,
and Buchanan only makes it long. — See Indocil.
DOCILITY, do-sllil^ t£, s. Aptness to be taught,
readiness to learn.
DOCK, d&k, s. An herb.
DOCK, d&k, s. The stump of the tail, which remains
after docking.
DOCK, d6k, s. A place where water is let in or out
at pleasure, where ships are built or laid up.
To DOCK, d&k, v. a. To cut off a tail ; to cut any
thing short ; to cut off a reckoning ; to lay a ship in a
dock.
DOCKET, d&k-lt, s. 99. A direction tied upon goods,
a summary of a larger writing.
To DOCKET, d&k-H, v. a. To mark with a docket.
DOCTOR, d&k-tur, s. 166. One that has taken the
highest degree in the faculties of divinity, law, or phy-
sick ; in some universities they have doctors of mu-
siek ; a physician, one who undertakes the cure of dis-
eases.
To DOCTOR, d&kitfir, v. a. To physick, to cure.
DOCTORAL, d&k-t6-r£l, adj. Relating to the de-
gree of a doctor.
DOCTORALLY, d&kito-ril-£, adv. In manner of a
doctor.
DOCTORSHIP, dSk-tur-shlp, s. The rank of a doc-
tor.
DOCTRINAL, d5k£tr£ nil, adj. Containing doc-
trine; pertaining to the act or means of teaching.
DOCTRINALLY, d&k-tr^-niW, adv. In the form
of doctrine, positively.
DOCTRINE, d&kitrln, s. 140. The principles or
positions of any sect or master ; the act of teaching.
DOCUMENT, d&k-u-m£nt, s. Precept, instruction,
direction.
DODDER, d&didftr, s. 98. A plant which winds
itself about other plants, and draws the chief part of its
nourishment from them.
DODECAGON, ti6-d£k£ii-g&n, s. A figure of twelve
sides.
To DODGE, d&dje, v. n. To use craft ; to shin
place as another approaches ; to play fast and loose ; to
raise expectations and disappoint them.
DoDMAN, d&d-min, s. 88. The name of a fish.
DOG
160-
DOM
K5- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81— mi 93
DOE, do, s. A she deer, the female of a buck.
DOER, dfjo-fir, «. 296. One that does any thing
good or bad.
DOES, d&z, 296 The third person from Do, fami-
liarly used for Doth, which is now grown solemn and
almost obsolete.
To DOFF, dif, v a. To strip, to put away, to get
rid of; to delay, to refer to another time. Obsolete.
DOG, dig, s. A domcstick animal remarkably va-
rious in his species; a constellation called Sirius, or
Canicula, rising and setting with the sun during the dog-
days ; a reproachful name for a man.
To DOG, dig, v. a. To follow any one, watching
him with an insidious design.
DOG-TEETH, dig-tcel/t, s. The teeth in the hu-
man head next to the grinders, the eye teeth.
DOG-TRICK, dig-trik, s. An ill turn, surly or bru-
tal treatment.
DOG-BANE, digibane, s. An herb.
DOG-BRIAR, dig-bii-ur, j. The briar that bears
the hip.
DOG-CHEAP, digitsh&p, adj. Cheap as dog's
meat.
DOG DAYS, digidaze, *. The days in which the
dog-star rises and sets with the sun.
DoGE, dije, *. The title of the chief magistrate
of Venice and Genoa.
DOGFISH, dig-fish, s. A shark.
DOGFLY'i dig-Hi, s. A voracious biting fly.
DOGGED, dig-g£d, adj. 366. Sullen, sour, mo-
rose, ill-humoured, gloomy.
DOGGEDLY, di^ged-li, adv. Sullenly, gloomily.
DOGGEDNESS, dig-g£d- n£s, i. Gloom of mind,
sullenncss.
DOGGER, digigur, t. 98. A small ship with one
mast.
DoGGREL, digigrll, s. Mean, worthless verses.
DOGGISH, digiglsh, adj. Currish, brutal
DOG HEARTED, digiblr-t£d, adj. Cruel, pitiless,
malicious.
DOGHOLE, dig^hole, *. A vile hole.
DOGKENNEL, dig-k£n-n£l, s. A little hut or
house for dogs.
DOGLOUSE, digilouse, s. An insect that har-
bours on dogs.
DOGMA, dig-ma, *. Established principle, settled
notion.
J£5« This word, unlike many of its Greek and Latin
relations, seems to have deigned to pluralize itself by
Dogmas : Dogmata is indeed sometimes used, but, like
Memoranda, is growing pedantick.
DOGMATISM, dig-ma-tlzm, s. Dogmatical asser-
tion.
DOGMATICAL, dig matie-kal,
DOGMATICK, dig-matilk, 509.
tative, magisterial, positive.
DOGMATICALLY, dig-mat^-kal-i, adv. Magis
terially, positively.
DOGMATICALNESS, dig-mat^e-kal- lie's, s. Ma-
gisterialness, mock authority.
DOGMATIST, digima-tLt, ». A magisterial teach.
er, a bold advancer of principles.
To DOGMATISE, digiiniV-tlze, v. n. To assert po-
sitively ; to teach magisterially.
DOGMATISLR, dogima-ti-zur, *. An assertor, a
magisterial teacher.
DOGROSE, dig-roze, s. The flower of the hip.
DOGSLEEP, digisle^p, S. Pretended sleep.
DOGSMEAT, digz-mete, s. Refuse, vile stuff.
DOGSTAR, dig-star, s. The star which gives name
to the dog-days.
DOGSTOOTH, digzUuolA, *. A plant.
DOGTROT, dig^trit, s. A gentle trot like that of
a dog.
DOGW&ARY, dig-we-re, adj. Tired u a dog.
Author!-
- _
— pine 105, pin 107 — ni 162, move 164,
DOGWOOD, digiwud, s — See Cornelian Cherry.
DoiLY, doe-Ie, s. A species of woollen stuff.
DOINGS, dooi-lngz, s. Things done, events, trans-
actions ; feats, actions good or bad ; stir, bustle, tu-
mult.
DOIT, dolt, 5. A small piece of money.
DOLE, dole, s. The act of distributing or dealing j
any thing dealt out or distributed; provisions or
money distributed in charity ; grief, sorrow, misery.
To DOLE, dole, v. a. To deal, to distribute.
DOLEFUL, dole-ful. adj. Sorrowful, expressing
grief; melancholy, afflicted, feeling grief.
DOLEFULLY, dile-ful-li, adv. In a doleful man-
ner.
DOLEFUI.NESS, dok'iful-nls, S. Sorrow, melan-
choly; dismalness.
DoLESOME, dole-sum, adj. Melancholy, gloomy,
dismal.
DOLESOMELY, dik^sfim 1£, adv. In a dolesome
manner.
DoLESOMEN'ESS, doltisum-nls, 5. Gloom, melan-
choly.
DOLICHURUS, di-Hkifi-r&s, adj. In poetry, hav-
ing a syllable too much at the end.
DOLL, dol, s. A little girl's puppet.
J£j~ This word ought to be written with one I only ;
for the reasons, see Principles, 41)6.
DOLLAR, d&l-l&r, s. 418. A Dutch and German
coin of different value, from about two shillings and
six-pence to four and six-pence.
DOI.ORIFICK, dil-i-rlfMk, adj. 530. That cause*
grief or pain.
DOLOROUS, dil^i-rus, adj. 503. Sorrowful, dole-
ful, dismal ; painful.
DOLOUR, doM&r, s. 314. Grief, sorrow ; lamenta-
tion, complaint.
Jtjf Mr. Nares, W. Johnston, Buchanan, F.lphinston,
anuEntick, make the first o in this word short, as in
Dollar ; and Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Fern-, and
Dr. Ash, long, as in Donor : the latter is, in my opinion,
the most analogical.
DOLPHIN, dil-fin, s. A fish.
DOLT, dolt, *. A heavy stupid fellow.
DOLTISH, diltAIsh, adj. Stupid, blockish.
DOMAIN, do-mane/ *. Dominion, empire j posses-
sion, estate.
DOME, dime, s. A building, a house, a fabrick ;
an hemispherical arch, a cupola.
which give the sound of the vowels, and ought not to be
suffered to add to the already loo numerous exceptions to
the general sound of o.
DOMESTICAL, di-me's^-kal, ?
DOMESTICK, di-mesWk, J adJ' ™°»V»*
to the house, not relating to things publick ; private,
not open ; inhabiting the house, not wild ; not foreign,
Intestine.
J£f" Dr Johnson observes, that of English, as of all
living tongues, there is a double pronunciation, one cur-
sory and colloquial, the other regular and solemn. He
gives no instances of this double pronunciation ; and it is
at first a little difficult to conceive what are the words in
which this observation is verified. Solemn speaking
stems to have no effect upon the accented vowels; for,
let us pronounce them as rapidly or as solemnly as we
will, we certainly do not make any change in the' quan-
tity or quality of them. The only part of the language
in which Dr. Johnson's observation seems true, is some
of the vowels when unaccented ; and of these the oseemc
to undergo the greatest change in consequence of solem-
nity or rapidity. Thus the o in obeyh, in solemn speak-
ing, pronounced as long and full Mtn the first syllabic of
open, but in rapid and cursory shaking, as short as the
o in oven. This latter sound, however, must not b«
given as a model ; for, let the pronunciation be ever so
rapid and familiar, there is a certain elegance in giving
the o, in this situation, its full, open sound, approaching
to that which it has when under the accent ; and thougn
nothing but a delicacy of ear will direct us to the degre*
of openness with which we must pronounce the unaccent-
ed o in Domtftick, Docility, Potential, Procteti, Munuf-
DOG
161
DOU
u, 312, 557 — See Command.
To DOMESTICATE, dA-me's-te'-kate, v. a. To
make domestick, to withdraw from the publick.
DOMICILIARY, d&m-e'-sIl-yS r£, adj. 113. In-
truding into private houses under pretence of searching
for enemies or c ntraband goods.
DOMINANT, dominant, adj. Predominant, pre-
siding, ascendant.
To DOMINATE, dimi^-nate, v. a. To predomi-
nate, to prevail over the rest.
DOMINATION, d6m-£ na-shun, s. Power, domi
nion ; tyranny, insolent authority ; one highly exalted
in power, used of angelick beings.
DOMINATOR, domAe-na-t5r, s. 521. The presid-
ing power.
To DOMINEER, dom-e-nddr,' v. n. To rule with
insolence, to act without control.
DOMINICAL, d6 mln^-kil, adj. That which notes
the Lord's day, or Sunday.
DOMINION, do-mlniy&n, *. 113. Sovereign au-
thority ; right of possession or use, without being ac-
countable; territory; region, district ; predominance,
ascendant ; an order of angels.
DON, don, s. The Spanish title for a gentleman.
T'> DON, d5n, v. a. To put on. Little used.
DoNAR Y, dA-na- rd, s. A thing given to sacred uses.
DONATION, do-na-shun, s. The act of giving any
thing; the grant by which any thing is given.
DONATIVE, don^-a-llv, s. 503. A gift, a largess,
a present; in law, a benefice merely given and collated
by the patron to a man, without institution or induc-
tion.
55- I have differed from Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W.
Johnston, and Entick, in the quantity of the vowel in the
first syllable of this word, not only as I think it contrary
to the best usage, but as it is at variance with the analogy
of words in this termination. Let not the long quantity
of the Latin o in Donatfo be pleaded against me; for (wa-
ving the utter uncertainty of arguing from the Latin
quantity to ours, 54i), this would prove that the a and r
in the first sy liable of Sanative and Lenitire ought to be
long likewise. Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, and Mr. Perry, are
on my side.
DONE, dun, part. pass, of the verb Do.
DONE, dun, interj. The word by which a wager is
concluded ; when a wager is offered, he that accepts
says it is Done.
DONOR, dA-nor, s. A giver, a bestower.
DOODLE, doo'dl, s. 4O5- A trifler, an idler. A
low word.
To DOOM, do5m, v. a. To condemn to any pu-
nishment, to sentence; to command judicially or au-
thoritatively ; to destine, to command by uncontrol-
lable authority.
DOOM, doom, s. Judicial sentence, judgment ; con-
demnation ; determination declared ; the state to which
one is de-tined ; ruin, destruction.
DOOMSDAY, doomz-da, s. The day of final and
universal judgment; the last, the great day; the day
of sentence or condemnation.
DOOMSDAY-BOOK, d6omzidi-l>o5k, s. A book
marie by order of William the Conqueror, in which the
estates of the kingdom were rfgistered.
DOOR, dire, s. 310. The gate of a house, that
which opens to yield entrance; entrance, portal; pas-
sage, avenue, means of approach ; Out of doors, no
more to be found, fairly sent away : At the door of any
one, imnutable, chaigeablc upou him; Next door 10,
approaching to, near W.
cn Jonson, in his Grammar, has a quotation
from Gower, where this word is spelled Dore as it is pro-
nounced at this day, and this was probably the old pro-
nunciation.
e, there is no spark,
ire, which may chark — Cotrrr, lib. 4.
nor 167, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 511 299— pound 313— Min 466 — THis 469.
tick, monotony, &c. we may be assured that these vow-
els are exactly under the same predicament ; and can
never be pronounced short and shut, as if written Doin-
nestick, Dosxility, Pottential, &c. without hurting the
ears of every good speaker, and overturning the first
principles of pronunciation, 547, 548.
The same observations seem to hold good of the unac-
cented o in every word ending in ory ; as transitory, di-
latory, &c. The o in rapid speaking certainly goes into
short u, as if written transitury, dilatury, &c. but in so-
lemn pronunciation approaches to the accented, open
sound of o in glory, story, -Stc. but as the o in these ter-
minatious never admits of being pronounced quite so
open as when ending a syllable before the accent, I have,
like Mr. Sheridan, given it the colloquial sound of short
DOORCASE, dore-kase, «. The frame in which thn
door is enclosed.
DooiiKEKPER, doriMce^piur, s. Porter, one that
keeps the entrance of a house.
DOQUET, dAkilt, s. 99. 415. A paper containing
a warrant
DoRICK, dAr-lk, adj. Relating to the Dorick ar-
chitecture; a species of architecture invented by the
Dorians, the inhabitants of Dona, a province or district
in ancient Greece.
DORMANT, dor-mint, adj. Sleeping; in a sleep-
ing posture; concealed, not divulged.
DORMITORY, dorim^-tur-e, s. 551. A p!ace to
sleep in, a room with many beds ; a burial-place.
DORMOUSE, dormouse, s. A small animal which
passes a large part of the winter in sleep.
DORN, dArn, s. The name of a fish.
DoRR, dor, s. A kind of flying insect, the hedge-
chaffer.
DORSEL, dirisll, )
DORSER, dArisur, | * A P3""'"' a basket or ""•
one of which hangs on either side of a beast of burden.
DORSIFEROUS, dor-slfife rus, ) .
DORSIPAROUS, dor slpipa-rus., \adJ-51*- Hav-
ing the property of bearing or bringing forth on the
back ; used of plants that have the seeds on the back of
their leaves, as fern.
DoSE, dAse, 3. So much of any medicine as is
taken at one time ; as much of any thing as falls to a
man's lot ; the utmost quantity of strong liquor that a
man can swallow.
To DOSE, dAse, v. a. To proportion a medicine
properly to the patient or disease.
DOSSIL, disisll, s. A pledget, a nodule or lump of lint.
DOST, d&st. The second person of Do.
DOT, dot, 5. A small point or spot made to mark
any place in a writing.
To DOT, dot, v. a. To make dots or spots.
DOTAGE, do^tadje, s. 9O. Loss of understanding,
imbecility of mind ; excessive fondness.
DoTAL, dAitil, adj 88. Relating to the portion
of a woman, constituting her portion.
DOTARD, dA-tard, s. 88, A man whose age has
impaired his intellects.
To DOTE, dote, v. n. To have the intellects im-
paired by age or passion ; to be in love to extremity ;
to dote upon, to regard with excessive fondness.
DOTER, do-tur, s. 98. One whose understanding
is impaired bv years, a dotard ; a man fondly, weakly,
and excessively in love.
DOTH, d(it/i. The third person of Do.
DOTINGLY, do-ting-le, adv. Fondly.
DOTTARD, dot-tard, *. 88. A tree kept low by
cutting.
DOTTEREL, dot-tur-ll, s. 99. The name of a bird
DOUBLE, d&b-bl, adj 314. 405. Two of a sort,
one corresponding to the other ; twice as much, con-
taining the same quantity repeated : twofold, of two
kinds, two in number; having twice the effect or influ-
ence; deceitful, acting two parts — See Codte.
DOUBLE-PLEA, daW-hl-ple5, s> That in which the
defendant alleges for himself two several matters,
whereof either i< sufficient to effect his desire in debar-
ring the plaintiff.
DOUBLE-BITING, dub-bl-bUting, adj. Biting or
cutting on either side.
DOUBLE BUTTONED, dub-bl-butitnd, adj. 170.
35y. Having two rows of buttons.
DOUBLE-DEALER, dub-bl-de^lur, j. A deceitful,
subtle, insidious fellow, one who says one thing and
thinks another.
DOUBLE-DEALING, dub-bl-tieMing, *. Artifice,
u..v>nuulation, low or wicked cunning.
DOW
DRA
£5- 559. FAte73, far 77, fill 83, Qt 81 — mi 93, met 95 — pine 1O5, pin 107 — no 162, move 164,
To DOUBLE-DIE, dubibl-dl,' v. a. To die twice
DOUBLE HEADED, dub-hl-h&Ued, adj. Having
the flowers growing one to another.
To DOUBLE-LOCK, dub-bl-lok,' v. a. To shoot
the lock twice.
DOUBLE-MINDED, dub-bl-mlnd-ed, adj. Deceit-
ful, insidious.
DOUBLE-TONGUED, dub bl-tungd,' adj. 359.
Deceitful, giving contrary accounts of the same thing.
To DOUBLE, dubi-bl, v. a. To enlarge any quanti-
ty by addition of the same quantity ; to contain twice
the quantity ; to add one to another in the same order
or pirallel ;'to fold ; to pass round a headland.
To DOUBLE, d&b^bl, v. n. To increase to twice
the quantity ; to enlarge the stake to twice the sum in
play ; to wind in running.
DOUBLE, dub^-bl, *. Twice the quantity or num-
ber; strong beer of twice the common strength; a
trick, a shift, an artifice.
DOUBLENESS, dulA>l-n&, s. The state of being
double.
DoUBLER, dub-bl-ur, s. He that doubles any thing.
DOUBLET, dub-bl-&t, s. 99. The inner garment
of a man, the waistcoat; two, a pair.
DOUBLON, dub-bl-A6n,' s. A Spanish coin, con-
taining the value of two pistoles. — See Encore.
DOUBLY, d&b^bl-e, adv. In twice the quantity, to
twice Ihe degree.
To DOUBT, dout, v. a. 313. To question, to be
in uncertainty ; to fear ; to suspect ; to hesitate.
To DOUBT, dout, v. n. To hold questionable, to
think uncertain ; to fear, to suspect, to distrust.
DOUBT, d6ut, s. Uncertainty of mind, suspense ;
question, point unsettled; scruple, perplexity; suspi-
cion, apprehension of ill ; difficulty objected.
DOUBTER, dou-tur, *. 98. One who entertains
scruples.
DOUBTFUL, doutiful, adj. Dubious ; ambiguous ;
questionable, uncertain ; not secure, not confident.
DOUBTFULLY, dout-ful e, adv. Dubiously, irre-
solutely; ambiguously, with uncertainty of meaning.
DOUBTFULNESS, dout-ful- ues, s. Dubiousness,
ambiguity.
DOUBTINGLY, d5ut-lng-l£. adv. In a doubting
manner, dubiously.
DOUBTLESS, dout-les, adj. Without fear, without
apprehension of danger.
DOUBTLESS, ddut-les, adv. Without doubt, un-
questionably.
DOVE, d&v, s. 165. A wild pigeon, a pigeon.
DOVECOT, duvMcot, *. A small building in which
pigeons are bred and kept.
DOVEHOUSE, d&vihouse, *. A house for pigeons.
DOVETAIL, duv^tale, s. A form of joining two
bodies together, where that which is inserted has the
form of a wedge reversed.
DOUGH, dA, *. 318. The paste of bread or pies yet
unbaked.
DOUGHTY, dofiite, adj. 313. Brave, illustrious,
eminent Now used only ironically.
DOUGHY, dl>'-&, adj. Unsound, soft, tinhardened.
To DOUSE, douse, v. a. 313. To put over head
suddenly in the water.
To DOUSE, douse, v. n. To fall suddenly into the
water.
DOWAGER, d5u-a-jur, * 223. A widow with a
jointure; the title given to ladies who survive their
husbands.
DOWDY, dou-de, *. 223. An awkward, ill-dressed,
inelegant woman.
DOWER, dou-ur, 223.
DOWEIIY, douiur-e
bringfth to her husband in marriage; that which the
widuw possesses; the gifts of a husband for a wife;
endowment, gift
DOWKUED, douiurd, adj. 359. Portioned, suppli-
ed with a portion.
!23. ?
*, J
which the w5fe
DoWERLESS, d5u-ur-l5s, adj. Without a fortune.
DOWLAS, dou-las, s. 223. A coarse kind of linen.
DOWN, doun, s. 223. Soft feathers j any tiling that
soothes or mollifies; soft wool, or tender hair ; the soft
fibres of plants which wing the seeds.
DOWN, doun, s. A large open plain or valley.
DOWN, doun, jrrep. Along a descent, from a higher
place to a lower ; towards the mouth of a river.
DOWN, doun, adv. On the ground, from a higher
to a lower situation ; tending towards the ground ; out
of sight, below the horizon ; to a total subjection ; into
disgrace, into declining reputation ; Up and down,
here and there.
DOWN, doun, interj. An exhortation to destruc-
tion or demolition.
DOWNCAST, doun-kast, adj. Bent down, directed
to the ground.
DOWNFAL, duun-f&ll, s. 406. Ruin, fall from
state; a body of things falling ; destruction of fabricks.
DOWNFALLEN, dounif&ln, part. adj. Ruined,
fallen.
DOWNHILL, dounib.il, 5. Declivity, descent— See
DunghUL
DOWNLOOKED, doun-l&okt, adj. Having a de-
jected countenance, fallen, melancholy.
DOWNI.YING. doun-li-Ing, adj. About to be in tra-
vail of childbirth.
DOWNRIGHT, doun-rlte,' adv. Straight or right
down ; in plain terms ; completely, without stopping
short
DOWNRIGHT, doun-rite, adj. Plain, open, undis-
guised; directly tending to the point ; unceremouious,
honestly surly ; plain, without palliation.
DowNSITTING, doun-slt-ting, *. Rest, repose.
DOWNWARD, doun-wurd, 88. 7
, 1 1 , * , > adv. Towards
DOWNWARDS, doun-wurdz, \
the centre from a higher situation to a lower ; in a
course of successive 01 lineal descent.
DOWNWARD, doun-wurd, adj. Moving on a de-
clivity ; declivous, bending; depressed, dejected.
DOWNY, dou'nti, adj. Covered with down or nap,
made of down or soft feathers ; soft, tender, soothing.
DOWHE, d6ur, 223. >
j«»/ A / s. A portion given with a
DOWRY, dou-re, $
wife ; a reward paid for a wife.
DoxOLOGY, dik sol-6-je, «. 518. A form of
giving glory to God.
DOXY, dok-s£, s. A whore, a loose wench,
To DoZE, doze, v. n. To slumber, to be half asleep.
To DOZE, dAze, t/. a. To stupify, to dull.
DOZEN, duzizn, s. 103. The number of twelve.
DOZINESS, dA^-zi-ne's, s. Sleepiness, drowsiness.
DOZY, dt^-ze^, adj. Sleepy, drowsy, sluggish.
DRAB, drib, s. A whore, a strumpet
DRACHM, dram, s. An old Roman coin ; the
eighth part of an ounce
DRACHMA, drak-ma, «. The drachm. The name
of an old Roman coin.
DRAFF, drif, s. Any thing thrown away.
DRAFFY, drl:ife. adj Worthless, dreggy.
DRAFT, draft, adj. Corrupted from draught
To DRAG, drag, v. a. To pull along the ground
by main force; to draw any thing burthensome; to
draw contemptuously along;' to pull about with vio-
lence and ignominy ;" to pull roughly and forcibly.
To DRAG, dnlg, v. n. To hang so low as to trail
or grate upon the ground.
DRAG, drag, s. A net drawn along the bottom of
the water; an instrument with hooks to catch hold of
things under water ; a kind of car drawn by the hand.
DRAGNET, drag-n£t, s. A net which ii drawn a-
long the bottO'ii of the water.
To DRAGGLE, drag-gl, v. a. 405. To make dirty
by dragging on the ground.
To DRAGGLE, dragigl, v. n. To grow dirty br
I being drawn along the ground
DRA
163
DRA
nSr 167, n&t 163— tibe 171, lib 172, bfill 173—511 299 — pofind 313— thin 466 — Tills 469.
DRAGON, dragon, ,. 166. A winged serpent , a EJJ^.1^^* ^r^^lTwS fy^
fierce violent man or woman ; a constellation near the el . in tWg ^^ [he fiKt vowd <s in variabiy long . and why
North Pole.
DRAGONET, drag-in-St, *. A little dragon.
DRAGONFLY, drlg'fin fll, s. A fierce stinging fly.
DRAGONISH, drag-&n-ish, adj. Having the form
of a dragon.
DRAGONLIKE, drag-in- like, adj. Furious, fiery.
DRAGONSBLOOD, drag-unz-blad, *. A kind of
resin.
DRAGONSHEAD, dragi&nz-hW, s. A plant.
DRAGONTREE, drlg-in-tre^, s. Palm-tree.
DRAGOON, dra-g55n' s. A kind of soldier that
serves indifferently either on foot or on horseback — See
Encore.
To DRAGOON, dra-gS5n/ v. a. To persecute by
abandoning a place to the rage of soldiers.
To DRAIN, drane, v. a. To draw off gradually ;
to empty by drawing gradually away what it contains;
to make quite dry.
DRAIN, drane, s. The channel through which li-
quids are gradually drawn
DRAKE, drake, s. The male of the duck ; a small
piece of artillery,
DRAM, dram, s. In weight the eighth part of an
ounce ; a small quantity ; such a quantity of distilled
spirits as is usually drank at once ; spirits, distilled li-
quors.
To DRAM, dram, v. n. To drink distilled spirits.
DRAMA, dra-nia, or dram^ma, s. A poem accom-
modated to action, a poem in which the action is nol
related, but represented ; play, a comedy, a tragedy.
Z^f The last mode of pronouncing this word is thai
which was universally current till within these few years ;
but the first has insensibly stolen into use, as we may ob-
serve from the several dictionaries which have adopted it.
Mr. Sheridan, W. Johnston, Mr. Nares, and, as far as we
can judge by the position of the accent, Entick, anil
Bailey, pronounce it with the first a long ; and Dr. Ken-
rick, Buchanan, and, if we may guess at Dr. Ash by his
accent, with the same letter short. Mr. Scott gives it
both ways; but, by placing the sound with the long a
first, seems to prefer it. The authorities are certainly on
the side I have adopted ; but I wish also to establish it by
analogy.
And first it may be observed, that if any argument can
be drawn from the Latin quantity to the English, it is
certainly in favour of the first pronunciation : for in a La-
tin word of two syllables, where a consonant comes be-
tween two vowels, the consonant always goes to the last,
and the first vowel is pronounced long, without the leas
regard to the quantity. Thus Crates, the philosopher,
and crates, a hurdle ; decus, honour, and dedo, to give
6i'o, to triumph, and ovum, an egg ; N&IHO, the legisla
tor, and Numen, the divinity, have the first vowels al
ways sounded long by an English speaker, although in
the Latin the first vowel in the first word of each of these
}>airs is short. From this universal manner of pronouuc
ng Latin words, though contrary to Latin quantity, it i
no wonder, when we adopt words from that languagi
without any alteration, we should pronounce them in tni
same manner ; and it may be fairly concluded, that thi
uniform pronunciation of the Latin arises from the ge
nius of our own tongue; which always inclines us to
lengthen the accented vowel before a single consonant in
words of two syllables; otherwise, what reason can we
assign for the rule laid down by our ancestors for doub
ling the consonants in verbs, verbal nouns, and partici
pies, where a single vowel was preceded by a single con
sonant in them ? But an affectation of Latinity seems tc
have disturbed the general pronunciation of our own Ian
guage, as much as our own pronunciation has disturbet
the Latin quantity : for, though we neglect the quantit
of Latin dissyllables, when we are pronouncing that Ian
Cage, yet in dissyllables of our own, formed from th
tin, and anglicised, we seem to be, in some measure
guided by the Latin quantity. To what else can we at
tribute the short sound of the first vowel in magic, pla
cid, tepid, 'tigil, novel, Inc. i and to what but the genu
ine force of vernacular pronunciation can we ascribe th
long sound of u in this situation, let the quantity of th
Latin original be what it will. Thus, though epic, topic
cynic, and tonic, have 'he first vowel short, tunic, stupid
tumid, &c. have the u long, though always snor
in the Laun words from which they are derived. Bu
however this may be in words anglicised from the Latin
he word in question should be the only exception, can-
not easily be accounted for. AVe have no words origi-
nally English of this form ; but those we adopt from o-
her languages sufficiently show the analogy of pronun
iation : thus, Gala, Coma, China, Era, Strata, Quota,
!"ico, Dado, Sago, Bravo, Tyro, Bero, Negro, &c. &c.
ave all the first syllable long ; and why Drama should
ot fall into the same analogy, I cannot conceive. A
corroboration of this is the pronunciation of Lama, Bra
ma, Zama, and Zara, and all proper names of the samo
brm from the Greek and Latin, as Cata, Plato, Strata,
7rito, Draco, &c. ; and 1 think it may be with confidence
asserted, that an Englishman, who had never heard the
word Drama pronounced, would naturally place the ac-
cent upon the first syllable, and pronounce the vowel in
hat syllable long and slender, 544, 515.
DRAMATICAL, dra-mati4.kal, 7 adj. Represent-
DRAMATICK, dri-mat-ik, 509- 3 ed by action.
DRAMATICALLY, dra-mat-4-kal-£, adv. Repre-
sentatively, by representation.
DRAMATIST, dramatist, s. 503. The author of
dramatick compositions.
DRANK, drank. The preterit of Drink.
DRAPER, dra-p&r, *. 98. One who sells cloth.
DRAPERY, dra-p&r-e1, s. Cloth woik, the trade of
making cloth ; cloth, stuffs of wool ; the dress of a pic-
ture or statue.
DRAUGH, drif, *. 331. Refuse, swilL
DEAUGHT, draft, *. 215. 393. The act of drink-
ing; a quantity of liquor drank at once; the act of
drawing or pulling carriages ; the quality of being
drawn ; delineation, sketch ; a picture drawn ; the act
of sweeping with a net ; the quantity of fishes taken by
once drawing the net ; forces drawn off from the main
army, a detachment ; a sink, drain ; the depth which a
vessel draws, or sinks into the water ; a bill drawn for
the payment of money.
DRAUGHTHOUSE, draft-h6use, s. A house in
which filth is deposited.
To DRAW, draw, v. a. Pret. Drew, Part. pass.
Drawn. To pull along, to pull forcibly ; to drag; to
suck ; to attract ; to inhale ; to take from a cask ; to
pull a sword from the sheath ; to let out any liquid ; to
take bread out of the oven ; to unclose or slide back
curtains ; to close or spread curtains ; to extract ; to
protract, to lengthen ; to represent by picture; to form
a representation ; to deduce as from postulates ; to al-
lure, to entice ; to persuade to follow ; to induce ; ro
win, to gain ; to extort, to force ; to wrest, to distort ;
to compose, to form in writing; to eviscerate, to em-
bowel; to draw in, to contract, to pull back, to in-
veigle, to entice ; to draw off, to extract by distillation,
to withdraw, to abstract; to draw on, to occasion ; to
invite, to cause by degrees; to draw over ; to persuade
to revolt; to draw out, to protract, to lengthen, to
pump out by insinuation, to call to action, to detach
tor service, to range in battle, to draw up, to form in
order of battle, to form in writing.
To DRAW, draw, v. n. To perform the office of a
beast of draught; to act as a weight; to contract, to
shrink ; to advance, to move; to unsheath a weapon;
to practise the art of delineation ; to take a card out of
the pack, to take a lot ; to make a sore run by attrac-
tion ; to draw off, to retire, to retreat j to draw on, to
advance, to approach.
DRAWBACK, draw-bak, i. Money given back for
ready payment.
DRAWBRIDGE, draw-brldje, s. A bridge made to
be lifted up, to hinder or admit communication at
pleasure.
DRAWER, draw-fir, f. One employed in procuring
water from the well ; one whose business is to draw li-
quors from the cask; that which has the power of at-
traction.
DRAWER, drawbar, s. A box in a case, out of
brawn at pleasure ;
man's dress worn under the breeches.
DRAWING, draw-Ing, s. Delineation, representation.
DRAWING-ROOM, driwMng-rWrn, i. The room
in which con pany assemble at court; the company as-
sembled there.
*nd euding in a "consonant, perhajB, in nothing is our)
DRAWN, drawn, part, from Draw. Equal, whert
.cs his own stake ; with a sword unslicalh
.
To DRAWL, drawl, v. n. To utter any thing in a
slow way.
DRAY, dra, 1 s: The car on which beer
DRAYCART, draikart, J it carried.
DRAYHORSE, dra-horaej- t. A horse which draws
a dray.
DRAYMAN, draiminy- $. 88. One that attends a
draj
DRAZET drlzizl, s. 102. 405. A low, mean,
worthlws wretch. Not used.
D'IF.A:., arid. *. 234. Fear, terror; awe; trie per-
son or thing feared.
DllEAD, dr£d, adj. Terrible,- frightful ; awful, vene-
rable in the highest degree.
To DREAD, dr5d, v. a. To fear in an excessive
degree.
To DREAD, dr&l, v. K. To be in fear.
DREADER, dr&i'&r, *. 98. One that lives in fear.
DREADFUL, drddiful, adj. Terrible, frightful.
DREADFULNESS, dr&Wul-n£s, A. Terribieness,
frightfulncss.
DKKADFULLY, dr&Uful-&, adv. Terribly, fright-
fully.
DllEADLKSSNE9S, dr£d-l£s n&5-, $. Fearlessness,
intrepidity.
DREADLKSS, dr^d-tes, adj. Fearless, unaffrigh-ted,
intrepid.
DREAM, dr^me, s. 227. A phantasm of sleep, fJie
thoughts of a sleeping man ; an title faulty.
To DREAM, dr^me, v. n. To have the representa-
tion of something in sleep; to think, to imagine; to
think idly; to be sluggish ; to idle.
Tn DREAM, dr£me, v. a. To see in a dream.
DREAMER, dr&m&r, *v 98. One who has dreams ;
an idle fanciful man ; a mope, a man lost in wild im-
agination ; a sluggard, an idler.
DREAMLESS, dr&ne-Ms, adj. Wifhoaf dreams.
DREAR, drire, ad?. 227. Mournful, dismah
DREARY, dr&ri, adj. Sorrowful, distressful ;
gloomy, dismal, horrid.
DREDGE, dr£dje, *« A kind of net
To DREDGF,, dr&lje, v. a. To gather with a dredge.
DREDGER, drtM-jur, s. One who fishes with a
dredge.
DREGGINESS, dr&gigd n£s, *. Fulness of dregs or
lees, feculence.
DREGGISH, dr£g-glsh, adj. Foul with lees, fecu-
lent.
DREGGY, dr£g£g£, adj. 382. Containing dregs,
(•insisting of dregs, feculent.
DREGS, dr£gz, s. The sediment of liquors-, the lees,
the grounds; any thing by which purity is corrupted;
dross, sweepings, refuse.
To I) REIN, drum-, v. a. 249. To empty ; better
written Drain.
To DRENCH, drSnsh, ». n. To soak, to steep; to
saturate with ilrink or moisture ; to physick by violence.
DRENCH, dr£nsh, s. A diaught, swill; physick
for a brute; physick that must be given by violence.
DRENCHER, dr&nsh-ur, s. One that dips or steeps
any thing ; one that gives physick by force.
To DRESS, dr&s, v. a. To clothe ; to adorn, to em-
bellish; to cover a wound with medicaments; tocurrv,
to rub; to prepare for any purpose; to trim, to fil
»\iy thing for ready use ; to prepare victuals for the
t; i)lc.
Dl'.F.ss, drSs, s. Clothes, ganneots; the skill of ad-
juring dress
DRESSER, dr6s-s&r, *. One employed in putting
on the clothes of another; one en ; 'nycd in regulating
or adjusting any thing; the bench a. A Kitchen on which
neat it dressed.
559. fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 8 1 — wi 93, mSt 95 — pine 1 05, p*n 107— nA 1 62, more 1 64,
eii; open, put aside or unclosed; eviscerated ; induced DRESSING, dr£s-sing, r. The application made to *
as from some motive. S()re
DRAWWELL, dztw'-*tt, f. A deep well, a well out DRESSING ROOM, dr&isW-roum, *. The room
[Irawn by a long cord.— See IXing- -m „ hich p]l)thes are put on
DRESSY, dr&'se, adj. Showy in dress.
DuF.ST, dr£st, part, from Dress, properly dressed.
jf^r- Tliis is one of those words which, for the sike of
rhyming to the eye, as it may be called, poets have con-
tracted into- ah irregular form ; But how unnecessarily
inay be seen, Principles, No. oCO.
To DRIB, drib, V. a. To crop, fo cut off. A cant
word.
To DRIBBLE, drlbibl, »». n. 405. To fall in drops ;
to fall weakly and slowly ; to slaver as a child or idiot.
To DRIBBLE, dr1bM>l, v. a. To throw down in drops.
DRIBLET, drib-let, 3. A small sum, odd money in
a sum — Seo Codle.
Dai>iu, drWir, s. That which has the quality 01
absorbing moisture.
DKIFT, drift, s. Force impellent, impulse; vio>-
lence, course ; any thing driven at random ; any thing
driven or brne along in a body ; n storm, a sh'ower ; a
heap or stratum of any matter thrown together by the
wind ; tendency, or aim of action ; scope of a discourse.
7*0 DRIFT, drift, v. a. To drive, to urge along ; fo
throw together in heaps.
To DRILL, drll, n. a. To pierce any thing with a
drill; to perforate, to borcy to pierce ; to make a hole;
to delay, to put oli'; to teach recruits their exercise.
DRILL, dril, $s An instrument with which hole*
are bored ; an ape, a baboon.
ToDRiNK. drink, v. n. jrrel. Drank or Drunk ;
part. pass. Drunk, or Drunken. To swallow lupmis,
to qiiench thirst ; to lie entertained with liquors ; to be
an habitual drunkard ; To drink to, to salute in drink-
ing.
To DRINK, drink, t/. a. To swallow, applied to li-
quids ; to suck up, to absorb.
DRINK, drink, s. Liquor to be swallowed, opposed
to meat; liquor of any particular kind.
DRINKMONEY, drInk-i»un-«^ ». Money given to
buy liquor.
DRfNKABLE, d¥lllk-£.bl, adj. That may be drunfe.
DRINKER, drlnki&r, s. 98. One that drinks to
excess, a drunkaffd.
To DRIP, drip, v. n. To faH in drops ; to have
drops falling from it.
To DRIP, drip, v.- a. To let fall in drops ; to droo
fat in roasting.
DRIP, drip. *. That which falls m drops.
DRIPPING, drlp-lng, *. The £at which house-
wives gather from roast meat.
DRIPPING PAN, drip-lng-pan, s. The pan in
which the fat of roast meat is caught.
To DRIVE, drive, v. a. jrret. Drove, anciently
Drave; part. pass. Driven, or Drove. To force along
by impetuous pressure; to expel by force from any
place; to force or urge in any direction ; to guide and
regulate a carriage; to make animals march along un-
der guidance i to dear any place by forcing away wliai
is in it; to force, U> compel; to carry on, to drive out,
to expel.
To DRIVE, drive, v. n. To g» as impelled by an
external agent ; to rush with violence ; to pass in a car-
riage; to tend to, to consider as the scope and ultimate
design ; to aim, to strike at with fury.
To DftlVEL, driv-vl, v- n 10*2. To slaver, to let
the spittle fall in drops ; to be weak or foolish, to dote.
DlUVEL, d»lv4vl, i. Slaver, moisture shed from the
mouth ; a fool, an idiot, a driveller.
DRIVELLER, drlv^vl-QT, s. A fool, an idiot.
DRIVEN, driven, 1O3. Participle- of Drive.
DRIVER, tiri-v&r, s. The person or instrument whs
gives any motion by violence; one who drives beast*,
one who drives a carriage.
To DRIZZLE, driz-zl, v. a. 405. To shed in small
slow dr<>|«.
To DRIZZLE, drlz-zl, v. n. To fall in short slow
DRO
165
DRU
n3r 167, nit 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bill 173—511 299 — pound 313 — thin 466— THi's 469.
DRIZZLY, drlzizl-«*, adj. Shedding small rain.
DROLL, drAIe, *. 406. One whose business is to
raise mirth by petty tricks, a jester, a buffoon ; a farce,
something exhibited to raise mirth.
Jt$" When this wont is used to signify a farce, it is pro1
nounecd so as to rhyme with doll, toll, &c. 40G. tf this
Wiinted proof, we might quote Swift, who was too scru-
pulous to rhyme it with extol, if it had not been so pro-
nounced.
" Some as ji'stly fam* extols
« tor loflj linn in Smithfield drolls.*
This double pronunciation of the same word to signify
different things is a gross perversion of language. Either
the orthography or the pronunciation ought to be altered.
Droll, when signifying a farce, ought either to be pro-
nounced so as to rhyme with hole, or to be written with
only one £ — See Bmvl.
DUOLL, drole, adj. Comic, farcical.
To DllOLL, drole, v. n. To jest, to play the buf-
foon.
DROLLERY, dri-l&r-£, *. Idle Jokes ; buffoonery.
DROMEDARY, dr&mi<i di-r£, s. 165. A sort of
camel.
5^» I have in the sound of the o in Dromedary follow-
ed Mr. Nares rather than Mr. .Sheridan, and 1 think with
the best usage on my side.
DRONE, drine, *. The bee which makes no honey;
a pipe of a bagpipe; a sluggard, an idler; the hum, or
instiumentof humming.
To DllONE, drtW, v. n. To live idly.
DRONIsH, dro-nish, adj. Idle, sluggish.
To DROOP, dr65p, v. n. To languish with sorrow;
to faint, to grow weak.
DROP, drip, 5. A globule of moisture, as much
liquor as falls at pnce when there is not a Continual
stream ; diamond hanging in the ear.
DROP-SERENE, drip si-r£ne,' *. A disease of the
eye.
To DROP, drip, v. a. To pour in drops or single
globules ; to let fall ; to let go, to dismiss from the
hand, or the possession ; to utter slightly or casually ;
to insert indirectly, or by way of digression ! to inter-
rHit, to cease ; to let go a dependent, or companion j to
suffer to vanish, to come to nothing ; to bedrop, to be-
speckle, to variegate.
To DllOP, drip, v. n. To fall In drops or single
globules j to let drops fall; to fall, to come from a
higher place; to fall spontaneously; to fall in death,
to die suddenly ; to sink into silence, to vanish) to come
to nothing ; to come unexpectedly.
DROPPING, dropping, j. That which falls in
drops ; that which drops when the continuous stream
ceases.
DROPLET, dripM£t, *. A little drop.
DROPSTONE, drip-st6ne, s. Spar formed into the
shape of drops
DROPSICAL, drip£s£-k£l, larlj. Diseased with a
DROPSIED, drip-sid, 282-3 dropsy.
DROPSY, dr5p-S(i, s. A collection of water in the
body.
DROPWORT, dripiw &rt, s. A plant.
DllOSS, dris, *. The recrement or scum of metals ;
rust, incrustation upon metal; refuse, leavings, sweep-
ings, feculence, corruption.
DuossiNESS, dris-s<i-n£s, s. Foulness, feculence,
rust.
DROSSY, drisih>t*, adj. Full of dross; worthless,
foul, feculent.
DROVE, drove, s. A body or number of cattle ; a
number of sheep driven; any collection of animals; a
crowd, a tumult.
DROVE, drove. IVt, of Drive.
DROVEN, dro^vn, part. adj. from Drive. Not in
use.
DROVER, ilro-vur, s. One that fats oxen for sale,
and drives them to market.
DROUGHT, drotit, *. 313. 393. Dry weather,
want of rain , thirst, Wiint of drink.
J£J> This word is often pronounced as if written drouth,
IjUt improperly. When these abstracts take^ in their
composition, and this e i» preceded by a vowel, the
does not precede the h, but follows it ; as weigh, weight .
fly, flight ; no, nought, ftc.
DROUGHTINESS, dr5u-te-n£s, *. The state of
wanting rain.
DROUGHTY, dro&ite1, adj. Wanting rain, sultry;
thirsty, dry with thir-t.
To DROWN, droun, v. a. 323. To suffocate in
water; to overwhelm in water ; to overflow, to bury
in an inundation ; to immcrge.
To DROWN, droun, v. n. To be suffocated by
water.
To DROWSE, drouz, v. a. 323. To make heavy
with sleep.
To DROWSE, drouz, Vi n« To slumber, to grow
heavy with sleep; to look heavy, not cheerful.
DllOWSILY, drou-zi-h*, adv. Sleepily, heavily ;
sluggishly, slothfully.
DROWSINESS, drou-z&-n£s, s. Sleepiness, heaviness
with sleep.
DROWSIHEAD, drou-z£-h$J, *. Sleepiness, incli-
nation to sleep.
DROWSY, drofiiz£, adj. Sleepy, heavy with sleep,
lethargick ; lulling, causing sleep; stupid, dull.
To DRUB, drub, v. a. To thrash, to beat, to bang.
DRUB, dr&b, s. A thump, a blow;
To DRUDGE, dr&dje, v. n. To labour in mean
offices, to toil without honour or dignity.
DRUDGE, dr&dje, *. One employed in mean labour
DRUDGER, dr&dje'&r, j* A mean labourer ; the
box out of which flour is thrown on roast meat.
DRUDGERY, dr&dje-&r-£, s. Mean labour, ignobU
toil.
DRUDGING-BOX, dr&djeMng-biks, «. The bos
out of which floui is sprinkled upon roast meat.
DRUDGINGLY, dr&dje-lng-l£, adv. Laboriously
toilsomely.
DRUG, dr&g, s. An ingredient used in physick,
a medicinal simple; any thing without worth or value,
any thing for which no purchaser can be found.
To DRUG, dr&g, v. a. To season With medicinal
ingredients; to tincture with something offensive.
DRUGGET, dr&g-glt, s. 99. A coafse kind ol
woollen cloth.
DRUGGIST, dr&g-glst, s. 382. One who sells phy-
sical drugs.
DRUGSTER, drugist&r, "s. One who sells physical
simples. This word is only used by the vulgar.
DRUID, dru-ld, s. A priest and philosopher of the
ancient Britons.
DRUM, dr&m, s. An instrument of military mu.
sick ; the tympanum of the ear.
To DRUM, dr&m, v. n. To beat a drum, to beat a
tune on a drum; to beat with a pulsatory motion.
To DRUMBLE, dr&m-bl, v. n. 405. To drone, to
be sluggish. Obsolete.
DRUMFISH, dr&miilsh, *. The name of a fish.
DRUMMAJOR, dr&m-maij&r, s. The chief drum-
mer of a regiment.
DRUMMAKEK, dr&m-rna-k&r, *. He who deals in
drums.
DRUMMER, dr&mim&r, $. He whose office is to
beat the drum.
DRUMSTICK, dr&mistlk, s. The stick with which
a drum is beaten.
DRUNK, dr&ngk, adj. Intoxicated with strong li-
quor, inebriated ; drenched or saturated with moisture.
DRUNKARD, dr&ngki&rd, s. 88. One given to
excessive use of strong liquors.
DRUNKEN, dr&ng^kn, adj. 103. Intoxicated with
liquor, inebriated ; given to habitual ebriety ; saturat-
ed with moisture ; done in a state of inebriation.
DRUNKENLY, dr&ng-kn-li, adv. In a drunken
manner.
DRUNKENNESS, dr&ngikn-n^s, s. Intoxication with
strong liquor; habitual ebriety; intoxication or in
ebruuon of any kind, a disorder of the faculties.
DUD
166
DUM
559- Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — me 93, roSt 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 164,
weeping
DRYLY, drW£, adv.
', dri, adj. Arid, not wet, not moist ; without
rain; not succulent, not juicy ; without tears ; thirsty,
athirst; jejune, barren, unembellished.
Tn DRY, dri, v. a. To free from moisture ; to ex-
hale moisture; to wipe away moisture; to scorch with
thirst; to drain, to exhaust.
To DRY, dri, r. n. To grow dry, to lose moisture.
DRYAD, drl-Ad, s. A wood nymph.
DRVADS, dri-ads, s. The English plural of
Dryad.
DRYADES, dri^i dez, *. The Latin plural of
the same word.
DRYER, dri'ur, «. 98. That which has the quality
of absorbing moisture.
DRVEYED, dri-ide, adj. Without tears, without
Without moisture ; coldly,
without affection : jejunely, barrenly.
DRYNESS, dri-n£s, s. Want of moisture, want of
succulence ; want of embellishment, want of pathos,
want of sensibility in devotion.
DRY NURSE, drUriurse, i. A woman who brings
up and feeds a child without the breast ; one who takes
care of another.
To DRYNURSE, drUnurse, v. a. To feed without
the breast.
DRYSHOD, drUshod, adj- Without wet feet, with-
out trading above the shoes in water.
DUAL, du'al, adj. Expressing the number two.
To DUB, d?lb, t). a. To make a man a knight; to
confer any kind of dignity.
DUB, dub, J. A blow, a knock. Not in use.
DUBIOUS, du-bi-us, adj. 542. Doubtful, not set.
tied in an opinion ; uncertain, that of which the truth
is not fully known; not plain, not clear.
DUBIOUSLY, duibi-us-W, adv. Uncertainly, with-
out any determination.
DUBIOUSNESS, du-be-us-n&, *. Uncertainty,
doubtfulness.
DUBITABLE, du-b£-ta-bl, adj. Doubtful, uncer-
tain.
DuBlTATlON, du-be1 • ta-sh&n, s. The act of doubt-
ing, doubt.
DuCAL, du-kal, adj. Pertaining to a duke.
DUCAT, d&kMt, s. 90. A coin struck by dukes ;
in silver valued at about four shillings and sixpence, in
gold at nine shillings and si:
DUE, di, adj. Owed, that one hai a right to de-
mand; proper, fit, appropriate; exact, without devia-
tion.
DUE, du, adv. Exactly, directly, duly.
DUE, du, *. That which belongs to one, that which
may be justly claimed ; right, just title; whatever cus-
tom or law requires to be done ; custom, tribute.
DUEL, dii-il, s. 99. A combat between two, a sin-
gle fight.
To DUEL, du-11, v. n. To fight a single combat.
DUELLER, du-ll-lur, t. 99. A single combatant.
DUELLING, di-ll-ling, s. 410. The act of fight-
ing a duel.
DUELLIST, du-ll-llst, *. A single combatant ; one
who professes to live by rules of honour.
DUELLO, du-£l-lo, *. The duel, the rule of duelling.
DUENNA, du-£nini, s. An old woman kept to
guard a younger.
DlrG, dug, s. A pap, a nipple, a teat
DUG, dug, pret. and part. pass, of Dig.
DUKE, duke, ». 376. One of the highest order ot
nobility in England.
' There is a slight deviation often heard in the pro-
nunciation of this word, as if written Dottk ; but this
borders on vulgarity; the true sound of the u must be
carefully preserved, as if written Dfick. There is ano-
ther impropriety in pronouncing this word, as if written
Jook ; this is not so vulgar as the former, and arises from
an ignorance of the influence of accent — See Principles,
No. 462.
DUKEDOM, duke^d&m, *. The possession of a
duke ; the title or quality of duke.
DuLBRAlNED, dul-brand, adj. Stupid, doltish,
foolish.
DULCET, d&UsSt, adj. 99. Sweet to the taste, lu-
scious ; sweet to the ear, harmonious.
DuLCIFICATION, dul-s^-f£-ka-shun, *. The act
of sweetening, the act of freeing from acidity, saline-si,
or acrimony.
To DULCIFY, duKsi fl v. a. 183. To sweeten,
to set free from acidity.
DULCIMER, dul-s£-mur, *. 98. A musical instru-
ment played by striking the brass wire with little sticks.
To DULCORATE, dul-k6-rate, v. a. 91. To
sweeten, to make less acrimonious.
DuLCORATlON, dul kA-ra-shun, s. The act of
sweetening.
DULHEAD, dul-h£d, ». A blockhead, a wretch
DuCK, d&k, t. The water fowl, both wild and j fr,oiish and stupid.
tame; a word of endearment, or fondness; a declina- j)ULIA Jui.l^.i s 93 A kind of inferior worship;
tion of the head ; a stone thrown obliquely on the wa- jnferior adOratiou.-See
To DUCK, d&k, v. n. To dive under water as a
duck ; to drop down the head, as a duck ; to bow low,
to cringe.
JV> DUCK, d&k, v. a. To put under water.
DuCKER, d&k'&r, s. 98. A diver, a cringer.
DUCKING-STOOL, d&k-klng-st&31. s. A chair in
which scolds are tied, and put under water.
DUCK-LEGGED, duk-l£gd, adj. 359. Short-legged.
DUCKLING, d&k-lmg, «. A young duc-k.
DucKMEAT, d&k-mete, s. A common plant grow-
ing in standing w.iters.
DUCKS-FOOT, dukstfut, 3. Black snake-root, or
May-apple.
DUCKWEED, d&k-\vede, s. Duckmeat.
DUCT, dukt,
th
DULL, dul, adj. Stupid, doltish, blockish, unappre-
hensive ; blunt, obtuse ; sad, melancholy ; sluggish,
heavy, slow of motion ; not bright ; drowsy, sleepy.
To DULL, dul, v. a. To stupify, to infatuate ; to
blunt; to sad.ien, to make melancholy; to damp, to
clog; to make weary or slow of motion; to sully
brightness.
DULLARD, duWird, *. A blockhead, a dolt, a ttu-
pid fellow.
DULLY, dul-14 adv. Stupidly ; sluggishly; not vi-
gorously, not gayly, not brightly, not keenly.
DULNESS, dul-n^s, s. Stupidity, weakness of in.
tellect, indocility ; drowsiness, inclination to sleep ;
sluggishness of motion ; dimness, want of lustre.
DULY, diiili, adv. Properly, fitly ; regularly, ex-
actly.
,"CT, dukt, s. Guidance, direction; a passage DUMB, d&m, adj. 347. Mute, ir.capable of speech ;
hrough which any thing is conducted. | deprived of speech ; mute, not using words ; silent, re-
UCTILE, duk-tll, adj. 1 40. Flexible, pliable ; fusing to speak.
DUCTILE, WUIV-HI, "**/> i"IV« nCAIUIC, \HlmjlC ) anting n* d|n,un.
easy to be drawn out into length; tractable, obsequi- DUMBLY, dum-le, adv. Mutely, silently,
ous, complying. •• • « - .. .
DUCTILENESS, duk-tll tie's, *.
lity.
DUCTILITY, d&k-tlW-te, *. Quality of suffering
extension, flexibility; obsequiousness, compliance.
Di-'UGEON, d&d-j&n, s. 259. A small dagger ; ma-
lice, sullenness, ill-will.
i DUMBNESS, dum-n^s, ». Incapacity to speak;
Flexibility, ducti- omission of speech, muteness ; refusal to speak, silence.
To DuMFOUND, dum-fdund, v. a. To confuse, to
strike dumb.
DUMP, dump, s. Sorrow, melancholy, sadness. A
low word, used generally in the plural ; as, to be in ih*
dumpi.
DUR
167
DYI
nor 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
DuMPISH, dump-lsh, adj. Sad, melancholy, sor- DURING, d&irlng, prep. For the time of the con-
rowful.
DUMPLING, dumpillng, s. A sort of pudding.
DuN, dun, adj. A colour partaking of brown and
black ; dark, gloomy.
To DUN, dun, v. a. To claim a debt with vehe-
mence and importunity.
DUN, d&n, s. A clamorous, troublesome creditor.
DUNCE, dunse, s. A dullard, a dolt, a thickskull.
DUNG, d&ng, s. The excrement of animals used to
fatten ground.
To DUNG, d&ng, v. a. To fatten with dung.
DUNGEON, dun-j&n, s. 259. A close prison, ge-
nerally spoke of a prison subterraneous.
DUNGFORK, ding-fork, s. A fork to toss out dung
from stables.
DUNGHIL, d&ng-hll, 5. A heap or accumulation of
dung; any mean or vile abode; any situation of mean-
ness; a term of reproach for a man meanly born.
Jf5> Leaving out one / in the last syllable of this word
is, perhaps, agreeable to the laws printers have laid down
for themselves ; but there is no eye that is not hurt at
the different appearance of hill when alone, and when
joined to another word. That double letters may be, in
gome cases, spared, is not to be denied ; but where either
the sense or sound is endangered by the omission of a let-
ter, there to spare the letter is to injure the language. A
secret conviction of this has made all our lexicographers
waver greatly in spelling these words, as may be seen at
large in the Preliminary Observations to the Rhyming
Dictionary, page xv.
DUNGHIL, d&ng-hll, adj. 406. Sprung from the
dunghil, mean, low.
DUNGY, d&ng^, adj. 409. Full of dung, mean,
vile, base.
DUNGYARD, d&ng-yard, ». The place of the
dunghil.
DUNNER, d&n-n&r, s. 98. Ont employed in so-
liciting petty debts.
DUODECIMO, dii-o-d&-se~m6, s. A book in which
one sheet of paper makes twelve leaves.
DuODECUPLE, du-6 d£k-ku-pl, adj. Consisting of
twelves.
DUPE, dupe, s. A credulous man, a man easily
tricked.
To DUPE, dupe, v. a. To trick, to cheat.
To DUPLICATE, du-ple. kate, ». a. 91. To dou-
ble, to enlarge by the repetition of the first number or
quantity ; to fold together.
DUPLICATE, du'ple-kate, s- 91. Another corre-
spondent to the first, a second thing of the same kind,
as a transcript of a paper.
DUPLICATION, du-ple-ka-sh&n. S. The act of
doubling ; the act of folding together ; a fold, a doub-
ling.
Dupl.ICATURE, du-ple-ka-tshure, S. A fold, any
tiling doubled.
DUPLICITY, du-pHs^-te1, s. Doubleness; deceit,
doubleness of heart.
DURABILITY , du-ra-bil-£.t£, s. The power of last-
ing, endurance.
DURABLE, du-ra-bl, adj. 405. Lasting, having the
quality of long continuance; having successive exist-
ence.
DI/RABLENESS, du-ra-bl-nSs, s. Power of lasting.
DURABLY, du-n\ ble, adv. In a lasting manner.
DURANCE, dti-ranse, s. Imprisonment ; the cus-
tody or power of a jailor; endurance, continuance, du-
DuRATION, du-raishun, s. Continuance of time ;
|>ower of continuance; length of continuance.
To DURE, dure, v. n. To last, to continue. Not
in use.
DUREFUL, durtiful, adj. Lasting, of long conti-
nuance.
DURKLESS, durt-l£s, adj. Without continuance,
fading.
DURESSE, du-res, s. Imprisonment, constraint.
tinuance.
DURITY, du-re-ti, s. Hardness, firmness.
DURST, durst. The prct. of Dare, to venture.
DUSK, dusk, (HJj. Tending to darkness; tending to
blackness, dark coloured.
DUSK, dusk, s. Tendency to darkness j darkness of
colour,
To DUSK, dusk, v. a. To make duskish.
To DUSK, dusk, v. n. To grow dark, to begin to
lose light.
DUSKILY, dfiskie-le, adv. With a tendency to
darkness.
DUSKISH, duskilsh, adj. Inclining to darkness,
tending to obscurity ; tending to blackness.
DfSKISHLY, duskMsh-Ie, adv. Cloudily, darkly.
DUSKY, d&sk^, adj. Tending to darkness, obscure ;
tending to blackness, dark coloured; gloomy, sad, in-
tellectually clouded.
DUST, d&st, s. Earth or other matter reduced to
small particles; the grave, the state of dissolution ;
mean and dejected state.
To DUST, dust, v. a. To free from dust, to sprin-
kle with dust.
DUSTMAN, dustman, *. 88. One whose employ-
ment is to carry away the dust.
DUSTY, d&s-te., adj. Filled with dust, clouded
with dust ; covered or scattered with dust.
DuTCHESS, dutsh££s, «. The lady of a duke ; a
lady who has the sovereignty of a dukedom.
DuTCHY, dutsh^e, s. A territory which gives titl*
to a duke.
DuTCHYCOURT, dutshi£-kort, *. A court where-
in all matters appertaining to the dutchy of Lancaster
are decided.
DUTEOUS, dft-t^-us, or du-tsh4-6s, adj. 263.
294. Obedient, obsequious ; enjoined by duty.
DUTIFUL, du-t<*-ful, adj. Obedient, submissive to
natural or legal superiors; expressive of respect, reve-
rential.
DUTIFULLY, du-te-ful £, adv. Obediently, sub-
missively; reverently, respectfully.
DuTIFULNESS, dii-te ful-n£s, s. Obedience, sub-
mission to just authority ; reverence, respect.
DUTY, dh-te, s. That to which a man is by any
natural or legal obligation bound ; acts of forbearances
required by religion or morality ; obedience or submis
sion due to parents, governors, or superiors ; act of re-
verence or respect; the business of a soldier on guard ,
tax, impost, custom, toll.
DWARF, dworf, *. 85. A man below the common
size of men ; any animal or plant below its natural
bulk : an attendant on a Indy or knight in romances :
it is often used in composition, as, dwarf elder, dwarf
honey -suckle.
To DWARF, dwSrf, v. a. To hinder from growing
to the natural bulk.
DWARFISH, dworf-ish, adj. Below the natural
bulk, low, little.
DWARFISH LY, dworfMsh-lt*, ndv. Like a dwarf.
DWARFISHNKSS, dworf-ish-n£s, 5. Minuteness of
stature, littleness.
To DWELL, dwel, v. -n. Preterit, Dwelt or
Dwelled. To inhabit, to live in a place, to reside, to
have an habitation ; to lie in any state or condition ; to
be suspended with attention ; to fix the mind upon ; to
continue long speaking.
DWELLER, dwel-lur, s. 98. An inhabitant.
DWELLING, dwSKllng, s. Habitation, abode ; state
of life, mode of living.
DWELLING-HOUSE, dwSKlliig-house, *. Th«
house at which one lives.
2'o DWINDLE, dwlnd-dl, v. n. 405. To shrink,
to lose bulk, to grow little ; to degenerate, to sink ; to
wear away, to lose health, to grow feeble ; to fall away,
to moulder oft'.
DYING, di-Ing, the part of Die. Expiring, givinj
up the ghost ; tinging, giving a new colour.
EAR
163
EAS
%$• 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m£ 93, m£t 05— pine 105, pin 107— no 162, m5ve 164,
DYNASTY, dl-nls-ti, or din-as t£, s. Govern-
ment, sovereignty.
ft^- All our orlhoepists, except Mr. Elphirston and En-
tlcK/ adopt the first pronunciation; but analogy is, in my
opinion, clearly for the last, 503.
DYSCRASY, dls-kra-s^, s. An unequal mixture of
elements in the blood or nervous juice, a distempera-
ture.
DYSENTERY, d1;£s£ri-t£r-£, s. A looseness* where-
in very ill humours flow off by stool, and are also some-
times attended with blood.
|£5" Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, and Buchan-
an, accent this word on the second syllable ; and Mr. She-
ridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Perry, Entick,
and Bailey, on the first. That this is in possession of the
best usage, I have not the least doubt ; and that it is a-
greeable to the analogv of accenting words from the learn-
ed languages which we naturalize by dropping a syllable,
is evident from the numerous class of words of the same
kind.— See Academy, Incomparable, *c. A collateral
proof too that this is the true pronunciation is, that 3te-
sentery, a word of the same form, is by all the above-
mentioned lexicographers who have the word, except
Bailey, accented on the first syllable.
DvsPEPSY, dls-p£p-s^, s. A difficulty of digestion.
DYSPHONY, (Iis-f6-n£, *. A difficulty in speaking.
DYSPNOEA, dlsp^niia, *. 9V. A difficulty of
breathing.
DYSUUY, dizhiu-r£, $. 450, 451, 452. A diffi-
culty in making urine.
Jt^-' The s in this word has the flat aspiration, for the
lame reason as the s in Treasury .-^See Disunion.
J1.ACH, 4tsh, pram. 98. 227. Either of two;
every one of any number, taken separately.
EAGER, eig&r, adj. 227. Struck with desire, ar-
denMy wishing ; h«t of disposition, vehement, ardent ;
quick', busy; sharp, sour, aciid.
EAGERLY, Mg€ir-l4, udv. Atdently, hotly ; keenly,
sharply.
EAGERNESS, £-gfir-n£s, *. Ardour of inclination ;
impetuosity, vehemence, violence.
EAGLE £-gl, s 227; 405. A bird of prey, said to
be extremely sharp-sighted ; the standard of the an-
citnt Romans.
EAGLE- EYED, >4de, adj. 282. Sharp-sighted
as an eagle.
EAGLESTONE, £%l-st6ne, *. A stone said to be
found at the entrance of the holes in which the eagles
make their nests.
EAGLET, £-gl£t, x. A young eagle.
EAR, 4ir, s. 227. The whole organ of audition or
hearing ; that part of the ear that stands prominent ;
power of judging of harmony; the spike of corn, that
part which contains the seeds? To fall together by the
ears, to fight, to scuttle? To set by the ears, to make
strife, to make to quarrel.
EARLESS, &ri|(?s, adj. Without any ears.
EAR RING, Wr-rlng, s. Jewels set in a ring, and
worn at the ears.
EAR-SHOT, eer-shftt, s. Reach of the ear.
EAHWAX, Wr-waks, s. The cerumen, or exuda-
tion which smears the inside of the ear.
EARWIG, Periwig, s. A Sheath- winged insect; a
whisperer.
EAHWITNESS, liif-'wWn&S *. One who attests,
can attest any thing as heard by himself.
To EAR, &k, v. a. 246. To plow, to till.
To EAR, Wr, v. n. To shoot into ears.
EARED, Wrd, adj. 359. Having ears or organs of
hearing ; having cars, or ripe corn.
EARL, 4rl, s. 234. 237. A title of nobility, an-
ciently the highest of this nation, now the thirdi
EARL-MARSHAL, £rl-m&r£shal, s. He that has
the thief care of military solemnities.
EARLDOM, 5rl-d&m, *. 166. The seigniory of an
arl.
EARLINESS, £r-l£-n£s, *. Quickness of any action
with respect to something else.
EARLY, £r-l£, adj. 234. Soon with respect to some-
thing else,
EARLY, &r'-\&, adv. Soon, betimes.
To EAUN, £rn, v. a. 234. 371. To gain a tho
reward or wa^es of labour ; to gain, to obtain.
EARNEST, £r-n£st, adj 234. Ardent in any af-
fection, warm, zealous; intent, fixed, eager.
EARNEST, £r-n£st, j. Seriousness, a serious event,
not a jest ; the money which is given in token that a
bargain is ratified.
EARNESTLY, 3r-n£st-14, adv. Warmly, affection-
ately, zealously, importunately ; eagerly, desirously.
EARNESTNESS, £r'n£st-n£s, s. Eagerness, warmth,
vehemence ; solicitude.
EARTH, &rth, s. 234. 237. The element distinct
from air, fire, or water; the terraqueous globe, the world.
f5" This word is liable to a coarse, vulgar pronuncia-
tion, as if written Orth. ; there is, indeed, but a delicate
difference between this and the true sound, but quite su£'
ficient to distinguish a common from a polite speaker.
To EARTH, &rt/i, t;. a. To hide in earth ; to cover
with earth.
To EARTH, ilrtA, v. n. To retire under ground.
EARTHBOARU, £r//iM>6rd, s. The board of th«
plough that shakes off the earth.
EARTHBORN, drZA-bdrn, ad;. Born of the earth ;
meanly born.
EARTHBOUND, Srt/iibo&nd, adj. Fastened by the
pressure of the earth.
EARTHEN, Zr'-tkn, adj. 103. Made of earth, made
of clay.
EARTHFLAX, £r//i-flAks, *. A kind of fibrous
fossil.
EARTHINESS, &rth'-& n£s, s. The quality of con-
taining earth, grossness.
EARTHLING, ertft-ftag} ». An inhabitant of the
earth, a poor frail creature.
EARTHLY, £r^'le, adj. Not heavenly, vile, mean,
sordid ; belonging only to our present state, not spiri-
tual.
EARTHNUT, &rth'-nht, s. A pignut, a root in shape
and size like a nut.
EARTHQUAKE, 6r</Awake, s. Tremor or convul-
sion of the earth.
EARTHSHAKING, &v/i-sha-king, adj. Having
power to shake :he «ar h, or to raise earthquakes.
EARTHWORM, £rt/zi\vurm, s. A worm bred umler
ground ; a mean sordid wretch.
EARTHY, &rt/l'-e, adj. Consisting of earth ; inha.
biting the earth, terrestrial ; relating to earth, not
mental ; gross, not refined.
EASE, <5ze, *. 227. Quiet, rest, undisturbed tran-
quillity; freedom from pain ; facility; unconstraint,
freedom from harshness, forced behaviour> or conceits.
To EASE, ^ze, v. a. To free from pain ; to relieve ;
to assuage, to mitigate; to relieve from labour; to set
free from any thing that offends.
EASEFUL, ezt-ful. adj. Quiet, peaceable.
EASEMENT, ^zt-m£nt, s. Assistance, support.
EASILY, e-ze le, vdv. Without difficulty ; without
pain, without disturbance; readily, without reluctance.
EASINESS, «^-ze-]i£s, s. Freedom from difficulty;
flexibility; readiness; freedom from constraint ; rest,
tranquillity.
EAST, eest, s. 227. 246. The quarter where th«
sun rises ; the regions in the eastern part of the world.
EASTER, t^is-tur, s. 98. The ilay on which the
Christian Church commemorates our Saviour's resur-
rection.
EASTERLY, ^s^tSr 1^, adj. Coming from the parts
towards the East ; lying towards the East ; looking to
wanis the East.
EASTERN, ctsit&rn, adj. Dwelling or found in the
East, oriental ; going or looking towards the East*
ECL
169
EDI
n8r 167, nit 163— tfibe 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — 511 299 — pofind 313 — t/i\n 466— THIS 469.
EASTWARD,
, adj. 88. Towards the East
EASY, &•/£, adj. Not difficult ; quiet, at rest, not
harassed ; complying, unresisting, credulous ; free
from pain; without want of more; without constraint,
without formality.
To EAT, dte, v. a. 227. 229. Preterit, Ate or
Eat ; part. Eat or Eaten. To devour with the mouth ;
to consume, to corrode ; to retract.
To EAT, £te, v. n. To go to meals, to take meals,
to feed ; to take food ; to be maintained in food ; to
make way by eorro ion.
EATABLE, t£ta bl, S. 405. Any thing that may be
eaten.
EATER, ^-tur, s. 98. One that eats any thing ; a
corrosive.
EATING HOUSE, il-t!ng-hoise, s. A house where
provisions are sold ready dressed.
EAVES, £vz, s. 227. The edges of the roof which
overhang the houses.
To EAVESDROP, ^vzidr&p, v. n. To catch what
comes from the eaves, to listen under windows.
EAVESDROPPER, 6vzidr&p-p&r, s. A listener un-
der windows.
EBB, £b, s. The reflux of the tide towards the sea ;
decline, decay, waste.
To EBB, £b, i<. n. To flow back towards the sea ;
to decline, to decay, to waste.
EBEN,
EBON, £b-&n,
EBONY, &>io-n«i,
s. A hard, heavy, black, va-
luable wood.
I a('J-
Deviating
EBRIETY, e-brW-td, *. Drunkenness, intoxication
by strong liquors.
EBttlOSITY, £-bre-Ssi^-t£, *. Habif-ial drunken-
ness.
EBULLITION, £b ul-lish'&n, j. 177. The act of
boiling up with heat; any intestine motion; efferves-
cence.
ECCENTRICAL, £k-s!nitr£-kal,
EcCENTRICK, ek.s£n-trik,
from the centre; irregular, anomalous.
ECCENTRICITY, 3k-s3n-trlsie-t«i, *. Deviation
from a centre; excursion from the proper orb.
ECCHYMOSIS, ^k-kti-moisls, *. 520. Livid spots or
blotches in the skin.
ECCLESIASTICAL, £k-k
ECCLESIASTICK, £k-kl<i-zhe-as-tik,
Relating to the church, not civil.
ECCLESIASTICK, £k klti-zh^-asitlk, «. A person
dedicated to the ministries of religion.
j£J- I have given these words the flat s aspirated, as I
am convinced it is quite agreeable to the analogy of pro-
nunciation; for the third syllable coming after the secon-
dary accent, is exactly under the same predicament as the
penultimate syllable in Ambrosial, Ephcrian, Gtodtzsian,
&c. See Principles, No. 451.
} adj.
ECHINUS, e-ki-n&s, s. 503. A hedge-hog; a shell-
fish set with prickles; with botanists, the prickly head
of any plant ; in architecture, a member or ornament
taking its name from the roughness of the carving.
ECHO, ek-kA, s. The return or repercussion of any
sound ; the sound returned.
To ECHO, £k-ko, v. n. To resound, to give the
repercussion of a voice ; to be sounded baek.
To ECHO, d-k-ko, v. a. To send back a voice.
ECLAIRCISSEMENT, £k-klart-SlZ-ment, S. Ex-
planation, the act of clearing up an affair.
Jf^f This word, though long in use, is not yet natural-
ized. Every syllable but the last may be pe'rfectly pro-
nounced bv an Englishman who does not speak French;
but this syllable having a nasal vowel, not followed by
hard c or g (See Encoic), is an insuperable difficulty :
the nearest sound to it would jierhaps be to make it rhyme
with lonff and strong. But a S|>eaker would, perhaps,
risk less by pronouncing it like an English word at once,
than to imitate the French sound awkwardly.
ECLAT, 4-kldw,' s. 472. Fr. Splendour, show,
lustre.
ECLECTICK, £k-l£kitik, adj. Selecting, choosing at
will.
ECLIPSE, £-kllps,' s. An obscuration of the lumi-
naries of heaven ; darkness, obscuration.
To ECLIPSE, ^-klips,' v. a. To darken a luminary;
to extinguish ; to cloud ; to obscure ; to disgrace.
EcLIPTICK, i-kllp-tik, s. A great circle of the
sphere.
ECLOGUE, £k-15g, *. 338. A pastoral poem.
ECONOMY, i-k6ll'6-m^, i. 296. 518. The ma-
nagement of a family ; frugality, discretion of expense ;
disposition of things, regulation ; the disposition or ar-
rangement of any work.
ECONOMICS, £k-k6-n6miik, 530.
ECONOMICAL, £k-k6-n&m^-kal,
taining to the regulation of a household; frugal.
ECSTACY, £ksi-ta-s4, j. Any passion by which the
thoughts are absorbed, and in which the mind is for a
time lost; excessive joy, rapture; enthusiasm, exces-
sive elevation of the mind ; madness, distraction.
ECSTASIED, £ksiti-sid, adj. 282. Ravished, en-
raptured.
ECSTATICAL, 2ks-tatie-kil,
Per-
ECSTATICK, £ks-tatiik, 509-
Ravished,
raptured, elevated to ecstacy ; in the highest degree of
joy.
EDACIOUS, £-da-shus, adj. Bating, voracious, ra-
venous, greedy.
EDACITY, e-dis^-t£, s. Voraciousness, ravenous.
ness.
EDDER, £dtdur, s. 98. Such fencewood as is com-
monly put upon the top of fences.
EDDY,
S. The water that, by some reper-
cussion, or opposite wind, runs contrary to the main
stream ; whirlpool, circular motion.
•di. Full of hu-
EDEMATOSE, £-dem-a-tdst,'
EDEMATOUS, e-d£m-a-ttis,
mours.— See Appendix.
EDENTATED, e-den-ta-t^d, adj. Deprived of
teeth.
EDGE, 5dje, s. The thin or cutting part of a blade;
a narrow part rising from a broader ; keenness, acri-
mony ; To set the teeth on edge, to cause a tingling
pain in the teeth.
To EDGE, £dje, v- a. To sharpen, to enable to cut ;
to furnish with an edge; to border with any thing, to
fringe ; to exasperate, to imbitter.
To EDGE, £dje, t>. n. To move against any jx>wer.
EDGED, £djd, or £d-j£d, part. adj. 359. Sharp,
not blunt.
EDGING, £d-j!ng, *. What is added to any thing
by way of ornament ; a narrow lace.
EDGELESS, (Sdje-lOs, adj. Blunt, obtuse, unable to
cut.
EDGETOOL, C-dju-tOOl, s. A tool made sharp to cut.
EDGEWISE, £dje-wlze, adv. With the edge put in-
to any particular direction.
EDIBLE, 3uie-bl, adj. 503. Fit to be eaten.
EDICT, i>dikt, s. A proclamation of command or
prohibition.
£5* Good speakers seem divided about the quantity of
the \owel in the first syllable of this word. Kcnrick,
Perry, and Buchanan, make it short ; and Sheridan,
Nsires, Etitick, Ash, Scott, and W. Johnston, long. This
majority has induced me to make it long likewise, and
not any length of the same letter in the La'in edictum ;
for though the Latin accent is frequently a rule for the
placing of our's, the quantity of Latin has almost as little
to do with our quantity as it has with that of the Chinese
or Hebrew. — See Introduction to Rhyming Dictionary,
page xix.
EDIFICATION, £d-£-fe-ka-shfin, s. Tie act of
building up man in the faith, improvement in holiness ;
improvement, instruction.
EDIFICE, fidie-fL, *. 1 42. A fabrick, a building.
EDIFIEK, £d£<*-fi-&r, s. One that improves or in-
structs another.
To EDIFY, &W-fi, v. a. To build; to instruct,
to improve ; to teach, to persuade.
EFF
170
EGO
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — me. 93, rnSt 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, m6ve 164,
Emi.E, ^idlle, *. 140. Tlie title of a magistrate in
old Rome.
EDITION, e1 dlslii&n, s. Publication of any thing,
particularly of a book ; republication, with revisal.
EDITOR, 3tW-tur, s. 166. Publisher, he that re-
vises or prepares any work for publication.
To EDUCATE, Sdiju-kate, v. a. 91. To breed, to
bring up.
$5* This pronunciation may seem odd to those who
are not acquainted with the nature of the letters ; but it
is not only the most polite, but, in reality, the most a-
greeable to rule. — See Principles, No. 294. 376.
EDUCATION, Sd-ju-kaishun, s. Formation of man-
ners in youth.
To EDUCE, e^-dfise/ v. a. To bring out, to extract.
EDUCTION, 3-dukishun, s. The act of bringing
any thing into view.
To EDULCORATE, 3.dulik6 rate, v. a. To swee-
ten.
EDULCORATION, 3-dul-k6-raishun, s. The act
of sweetening.
T<> EEK, eek, v. a. To make bigger by the addition
of another piece; to supply any deficiency See Eke.
EEL, e^el, s. A serpentine slimy fish, that lurks in
mud.
E'EN, Wn, adv. Contracted from Even.
EFFABLE, 3fifa-bl, adj. 405. Expressive, utter-
able.
To EFFACE, 3f-fase/ v a. To destroy any form
painted or carved ; to blot out ; to destroy, to wear
away.
55" The strong tendency of the vowel to open, when
it terminates a syllable immediately before the accent,
makes us frequently hear the e in these words, when the
accent is on the second syllable, pronounced as open as if
there were but one/. The same may be observed of the
o in occasion, uffenee, official, &.c. This is certainly a de-
viation from rule ; but it is so general, and so agreeable
to the ear, as to be a distinguishing mark of elegant pro-
nunciation.
EFFECT, Sf-fSkt,' S. 98. That which is produced
by an operating cause; consequence, event; reality,
not mere appearance; in the plural, goods, moveables.
To EFFECT, Sf-fSkt,' v. a. To bring to pass, to at-
tempt with success, to achieve; to produce as a cause.
EFFECTIRLE, eit-fekite.bl, adj Performable, prac-
ticable.
EFFECTIVE, Sf.fekitlv, adj. Having the power to
produce effects ; operative, active ; efficient.
EFFECTIVELY, -Sf-fSk-tlv-ld, adv. Powerfully,
with real operation.
EFFECTLESS, Sf-fSk&Ss, adj. Without effect, im-
potent, useless.
EFFECTOR, Sf-fSUtur, s. 166. He that produces
any effect.
EFFECTUAL, 3f-fekitshu-al, adj. 463. Productive
of effects powerful to a degree, adequate to the occa-
sion, efficacious.
EFFECTUALLY, Sf-fekitshu-al-13, adv. In a
manner productive of the consequence intended, effica-
ciously.
To EFFECTUATE, 3f-f3kitshu-ate, v. a. To bring
to pass, to fulfil.
EFFEMINACY, Sf-fSmiS na-sd, s. Admission of
the qualities of a woman, softness, unmanly delicacy;
lasciviousncss, loose pleasure.
EFFEMINATE, Sf-fSmiu-nate, adj. 91. Having the
qualities of a woman, womanish, voluptuous, tender.
To EFFEMINATE, Sf-fSm^nate, v. a. 91. 98.
To make womanish, to emasculate, to unman.
To EFFEMINATE, Sf-f3mi£-nate, v. n. To soften,
to melt into weakness.
EFFEMINATION, 3f-fem-e-naishun, s. The state
of one grown womanish, the state of one emasculated
or unmanned.
To EFFERVESCE, Sf-fSr-ySs,' v. n. To generate
heat by intestine motion.
EFFERVESCENCE, Sf-feV-vSsise'nse, s. 51O. The
act of growing hot, production of heat by intestine
motion.
98. The act'
EFFICACIOUS, Sf-fe-kaish&s, adj. Productive of
effects, powerful to produce the consequence intended.
EFFICACIOUSLY, 3f-te-kaishus-le, adv. Effec-
tually.
EFFICACY, 3fif£-ka-s£, s. Production of the con-
sequence intended.
EFFICIENCE, £f-f1shiye!nse,
EFFICIENCY, eT-flbhiye'n-se,
of producing effects, agency.
EFFICIENT, ef-flshiyeVt, s. The cause which
makes effects ; he that makes, the effector.
EFFICIENT, 3f-flshiy3nt, adj. 113. Causing ef-
fects.
EFFIGIES, 3f-fldije^s, } *. Resemblance, image in
EFFIGY, Sfi'e'-je^, $ painting or sculpture.
EFFLORESCENCE, Sf-fl6-rSsis3i .se, 1
EFFLORESCENCY, Sf-fl6.resisen-se, f *
Production of flowers; excrescences in the form of
flowers ; in ph j sick, the breaking out of some humours
in the skin.
EFFLORESCENT, Sf-fl6-r3sis3nt, adj. Shooting
out in form of flowers.
EFFLUENCE, Sfiflu-e'nse, 5. That which issues
from some other principle.
EFFLUVIA, e7-fluive.-a, the plural of
EFFLUVIUM, e'f-fluivi^-um, s. Those small particles
which are continually flying off from bodies.
EFFLUX, efiflfiks, s. 492. The act of flowing out ;
effusion ; that which flows from something else, ema-
nation.
To EFFLUX, Sf fluks/ v- n. 98. To run out.
EFFLUXION, 3f-flukishun, s. The act of flowing
out ; that which flows out, effluvium, emanation.
EFFORT, efifort, s. Struggle, laborious endeavour.
EFFOSSION, Sf.f5sb.ifin, s. The act of digging up
from the ground.
EFFRONTERY, Sf-fr&nitSr-e1, s. Impudence, shame-
Icssness.
EFFULGENCE, Sf-ffilijSnse, s. 98. 177. Lustre,
brightness, splendour.
EFFULGENT, Sf-fulijSnt, adj. Shining, bright, lu-
minous.
EFFUMABILITY, Sf-fi-ma-bllie-te, s. The quality
of flying away in fumes.
To EFFUSE, 3f-fuze/ v. a. 437 To pour out, to
spill.
EFFUSION, Sf-ffr-zh&n, s. 98. The act of pouring
out; waste, the act of spilling or shedding ; the thing
poured out.
EFFUSIVE, 3f-fuislv, adj. 499. 428. Pouring out,
dispersing.
EFT, 3ft, s. A newt, an evet.
EFTSOONS, Sft-soonz,' adv. Soon afterwards.
To EGEST, e'-jSst^ v. a. To throw out food at the
natural vents.
EGESTION, eUjSs^tshun, s. 464. The act of throw-
ing out the digested food.
EGG, £g, s. That which is laid by feathered ani-
mals, from which their young is produced ; the spawn
or sperm of creatures ; any thing fashioned in the bhapc
of an egg.
To EGG, £g, v. a. To incite, to instigate.
EGLANTINE, egMan tin, s. 150. A species of rose ;
sweetbriar.
EGOTISM, e'igi^tlzm, s. Too frequent mention of
a man's self.
JS5» Contrary to my own judgment, I have made the e
in the first syllable 01 this word long, because I see it is
uniformly so marked by all the Dictionaries I have seen :
but I am much mistaken if analogy does not in time re-
cover her rights, and shorten this vowel by joining it to
the g; as if written eg-o-tism; not because" this vowel is
short in the Latin ego, (for the English quantity has very
little to do with the Latin,) but because the word may be
looked upon as a simple in our language, and the accent
is on the antepenultimate syllable. Mr Elphinston,
whose opinion in this point is of the greatest weight, makei
the first vowel short. See Principles, No. 511. 530. 5,16.
ELA
171
ELE
nor 167, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299 — pound 313— thin 466— TH;s 469.
EGOTIST, i'go-tlst, s. One that is always talking j ELABORATELY, £-lab-6-rate l&, adv. Laboriou*.
of himself.
To EGOTIZE, ^g6-tlze, v. n. To talk much of
one's self.
EGREGIOUS, £-greij£-us, adj. Eminent, remark-
able, extraordinary; eminently bad, remarkably vi-
udv. Eminently,
C10US.
EGREGIOUSLY,
shamefully.
EGRESS, e-gr&3, j. The act of going out of any
pJaee, departure.
EGRESSION, e-gr3sh-un, s. The act of going out.
EGRET, £'gr£t, s. A fowl of the heron kind.
EGRIOT, ^igr^-&t, s. A species of cherry.
To EJACULATE, tJ-jakiii-iate, v. a. To throw, to
shoot out.
EJACULATION, £ jak-u-la-shfm, s. A short prayer
darted out occasionally ; the act of darting or throw-
iu la-t&r-£, adj. Suddenly
ing out.
EJACUI.ATORY,
darted out, sudden, hasty
To EJECT, ^-j£kt,' v. a. To throw out, to cast
forth, to void ; to throw out or expel from an office or
possession.
EJECTION, £-j£k£sh&n, s. The act of casting out,
expulsion.
EJECTMENT, £-j£kt£mlnt, *. A legal writ by
which any inhabitant of a house, or tenant of an estate,
is commanded to depart.
EIGHT, ayt, adj. Twice four. A word of number.
ft^- The genuine sound of the diphthong in this word
ancfits compounds does not seem to be that of the first
sound of a, which Mr. Sheridan has given it tinder the
second sound of e, but a combination of the first sound
of a and e pronounced as closely together as possible. But
as this distinction is very delicate, and may not be more
easily apprehended than that beetween meat and meet,
246, I have given the diphthong the same sound as Mr.
Sheridan has done.
EIGHTH, kyttti, adj. Next in order to the seventh.
JK5" This word, as it is written, by no means conveys
the sound annexed to it in speaking : for the abstract ter-
mination t/i being a perfect lisp, is quite distinct fro.n the
final t of eight, and can never coalesce with it without de-
priving the word of one of its letters. The only sound
conveyed by the letters of this word, as now spelt, is as if
written ayth : and if we would spell this souna as we pro-
nounce it, and as the analogy pi' formation certainly re-
quires, we must necessarily write it eightth. This would
have an unusual appearance to the eye; and this would
be a sufficient reason with the multitude for opposing it :
but men of sense ought to consider, that the credit of the
language is concerned in rectifying this radical fault in its
orthography.
EIGHTEEN, ay-t&dn, adj. Twice nine.
EIGHTEENTH, ayitutimA, adj. The next in order
to the seventeenth.
EIGHTFOLD, aytifold, adj. Eight times the num-
ber or quantity.
ElGHTHLY, ayt/A^le, adv. In the eighth place.
EIGHTIETH, ayite-^A, adj. The next in order to
the seventy-ninth, eighth tenth.
ElGHTSCORE, ayt-skire, adj. Eight times twenty.
EIGHTY, ay-tt^, adj. Eight times ten.
ElSEL, e-sil, s. Vinegar, verjuice.
EITHER, e-xufrr, pron. distrib. Whichsoever of
the two, whether one or the other ; each, both.
EITHER, £-TH&r, conj. 252. A distributive con-
junction, answered by Or; either the one or the other.
EJULATION, dd-jii-la-shun, s. Outcry, lamenta-
tion, moan, wailing.
EKE, (ike, adv. Also, likewise, besides.
To EKE, £ke, v. a. To increase ; to supply, to fill
up deficiencies ; to protract, to lengthen ; to spin out
by useless additions.
To ELABORATE, £-]ab-6-rate, v. a. To produce
with labour; to heighten and improve by successive
operations.
ELABORATE, £-lab-o-rate, adj. 91. Finished with
great diligence.
f adj. Havin
g the power
ly, diligently, with great study
ELABORATION, £-lab-A-ra-shun, s. Improvement
by successive operations.
To ELANCE, £-lanse/ v. a. To throw out, to dart.
To ELAPSE, 4-lapse/ V. «. To pass away, to glide
away.
ELASTICAL, & las-t^-kil,
ELASTICK, i-las-tlk,
of returning to the form from which it is distorted,
springy.
ELASTICITY, e-las-tis^e te, *. Force in bodies, by
which they endeavour to restore themselves.
ELATE, £-late£ adj. Flushed with success, lofty,
haughty.
To ELATE, 4-late/ v. a. To puff up with prosperi-
ty ; to exalt, to heighten.
ELATION, e-la-shun, 5. Haughtiness proceeding
from success.
ELBOW, £l-bo, S. 827. The next joint or curvature
of the arm below the shoulder ; any flexure or angle.
ELBOWCHAIR, £l-bA-tshare,' s. A chair with arms.
ELBOWROOM, £l-bo-r65m, s. Room to stretch out
the elbows, freedom from confinement.
To ELBOW, £l-b6, v. a. To push with the elbow ;
to push, to drive to a distance.
To ELBOW, 31-bA, v. n. To jut out in angles.
ELD, £ld, s. Old age, decrepitude ; old people, per-
sons worn out with years.
ELDER, £l-dur, adj. 98. Surpassing another in
years.
ELDERS, 51-durz, s. Persons whose age gives them
reverence; ancestors; those who are older than others;
among the Jews, rulers of the people; in the New
Testament, ecelesiasticks ; among Presbyterians, lay
men introduced into the kirk polity.
ELDER, £l-dur, s. 98. The name of a tree.
ELDERLY,
-l£, adj. No longer young.
ELDERSHIP, el-d5r-ship, *. Seniority, primogeni-
ture.
ELDEST, el-dest, adj. Oldest ; that has the right
of primogeniture; that has lived most years.
ELECAMPANE, 31-4-kam-paiK',' s. A plant, named
also starwort.
To ELECT,
t/ a(lj. Chosen, taken by preference
v. a. To choose for any office
or use; in theology, to select as an object of eternal
mercy.
ELECT,
from among others; chosen to an office, not yet in pos-
session ; chosen as an object of eternal mercy.
ELECTARY, £-l£kUa re, s. A. form of medicine
made of conserves and powders, of the consistence of
honey.
ft^f This is an alteration of the word Electuary, which
has taken place within these few years; ami, it must be
owned, is an alteration for the better : for as there is nou
in the Latin Elcctarium, there can be no reason for insert-
ing it in our English word, which is derived from it.
ELECTION, £-l£k-sh£tn, s. The act of choosing one
or more from a greater number; the power of choice ;
voluntary preference; the determination of God, by
which any were selected for eternal life ; the ceremony
of a publick choice.
ELECTIONEERING, £-l£k-shfrn-&r-lng, s. Con-
cern in parliamentary elections.
ELECTIVE, ^-Ifikitlv, adj. Exerting the power of
choice.
ELECTIVELY, ^-l^k-tlv-14, adv. By choice, with
preference of one to another.
ELECTOR, ^-lek-t&r, s. 98. He that has a vote in
the choice of any officer ; a prince who has a voice in
the choice of the German -emperor-
ELECTORAL, ^-lCk-t(i-ral adj. Having the dig-
nity of an elector.
ELECTORATE, ^-l£k't6-rate, s. 91. The territory
of an elector.
ELECTHE, 4 lek-tfir, s. 98. 416. Amber; a mixed
metal.
ELI
172
ELY
$3- 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fAt 81 — me 9'J, mh 95 — pine 1 05, pin 1O7 — n<!> 1 62, move ! 64,
ELECTRICAL, <*-l£kitre'-kal, ) .
i ,2, . j, > cull. Attractive
ELECTKICK, il£k-tnk, \
without magnetism ; produced by an electrick body.
ELECTRICITY, i-l£k-trls^-t«i, s. A property in
bodies, whereby, when rubbed, they draw substances,
and emit fire.
ELECTROMETER, 4-l£k-tromie-ter, *. 518. An
instrument to measure the power of attraction.
ELECTUARY, t*-lSk£tshu--ar-4, s. — See Electary.
ELEEMOSYNARY, £l-£-m6z^e uar-^, adj. Living
upon alms, depending upon charity ; given in charity.
ELEGANCE, ^W-gause, 7*. Beauty without gran-
ELEGANCY, £W-gan-s4 $ deur.
ELEGANT, eW gant, adj. Pleasing with minuter
beauties; nice, not coarse, not gross.
ELEGANTLY, £W-gant-li, adv. In such a man-
ner as to please without elevation.
ELEGIACK, ^l-^ji^ak, adj. Used in elegies ; mourn-
ful, sorrowful.
ft^" Our own analogy would lead us to place the ac-
cent upon the second syllable of this word ; but its deri-
vation from the Latin elegiacut, and the Greek i'.i-/tix.-
Kct, (in both which the antepenultimate is long), obliges
us, under pain of appearing grossly illiterate, to place
the accent on the same letter. But it mav be observed,
that we have scarcely an instance in the whole language
of adopting a Latin or Greek word, and curtailing it of a
syllable, without removing the accent higher on the
English word. — See Academy.
El-EGIST, 6 W-jIst, *. A writer of elegies.
ELEGY, el-e-je, s. A mournful song ; a funeral
song ; a short poem, with points or turns.
ELEMENT, eW-m£nt, *. The first or constituent
principle of any thing ; the four elements, usually so
called, are earth, air, fire, water, of which our world
is composed ; the proper habitation or sphere of any
tiling ; an ingredient, a constituent part ; the letters of
any language ; the lowest or first rudiments of litera-
ture or science.
ELEMENTAL, £l-£-m£n£tal, adj. Produced by
some of the four elements ; arising from first princi-
ples.
ELEMENTARITY, £l-£-m£n- tari4-t£, *. simplicity
of nature, absence of composition.
ELEMENTARY, £l-£ m£nitar-£, adj. Uncompound-
ed, having only one principle.
ELEPHANT, iW-fant, *. The largest of all quad-
rupeds.
ELEPHANTINE, Sl-^-fanidn, adj. 140. Pertain-
ing to the elephant.
To ELEVATE, &4 v&te, v. a. 91. To raise up
aloft ; to exalt, to dignify ; to raise the mind with great
conceptions.
ELEVATE, £W-vate, part. adj. 91. Exalted, rais-
ed aloft.
ELEVATION, £1 £-vaish&n, *. The act of raising
aloft ; exaltation, dignity ; exaltation of the mind by
noble conceptions ; the height of any heavenly body
with icspect to the horizon.
ELEVATOR, £W-va-t&r, s. 521. 166. A raiser
o; lifter up.
ELEVEN, (USvivn, adj. 103. Ten and one.
ELEVENTH, e-lev-vrw/j, adj. The next in order to
the tenth.
ELF, £lf, *. ]>lural Elves. A wandering spirit,
supposed to be seen in wild places ; a devil.
ELFLOCK, &filok, *. Knots of hair twisted by
eivcs.
To ELICIT, d-lls^slt, v. a. To strike out, to fetch
out by labour.
ELICIT, d-llsi-slt, adj. Brought into action. '
E LICIT ATION, & lis-s^-ta-shUn, *. A deducing
the power of the will into act.
To ELIDE, d-lide/ v. a. To break in pieces.
ELIGIBILITY, ^1-d-ji-blW-ti, s. Worthiness to be
chosen.
ELIGIBLE, SW-ji-bl, adj. 405. Fit to be chosen,
preferable.
ELIGIBLENESS, £W-j«i-bl-n£s, s. Worthiness to
be chosen, preferableness.
ELIMINATION, e-llm-e-na-shuii, s. The act of
banishing, rejection.
ELISION, ^-lizll-un, *. The act of cutting off; di-
vision, separation of oarts.
ELIXATION, ^l-ik-sa^-shun, *. 533. 530. The act
of boiling.
ELIXIR, ^-llk-s&r, s. 4 1 8. A medicine made b»
strong infusion, where the ingredients are almost dis-
solved in the menstruum ; the liquor with which chy-
mists transmute metals; the extract or quinte >eiice of
any thing ; any cordial.
j£^- There is a corrupt pronunciation of this word,
even among the upper ranks of jieople, which change*
the t in the second syllable into e, as if written Etexir.
The t is never pronounced in this manner when the ac-
cent is on it, except when followed by r and another i oii-
sonant, 108.
ELK, elk, s. The elk is a large and stately animal
of the stag kind.
ELL, el, :. A measure containing a yard and a
quarter.
ELLIPSIS, £l-llpisls, s. A figure of rhetorick, by
which something is left out ; in geometry, an oval fi-
gure generated from the section of a coiic. — Sec Kf
idj. Having the
ELLIPTICAL, 21 flpk^Ul,
ELLIPTICK, el-llpitik,
form of an ellipsis.
ELM, elm, s. The name of a tree.
ELOCUTION, ^l-A-kii^shun, a. The power of fluent
speech ; eloquence, flow of language ; the power of ex-
pression or diction.
J^» This word originally, both among the Greeks and
Romans, signified the choice and order of words ; and
Dryden and other moderns have used it in the same
sense ; it is now scarcely ever used but to signify p enun-
ciation. The French seem to have been the fiist who
used it in this sense: Addison has followed them ; and ,is
it is perfectly agreeable to the Latin original c and l&juur,
and serves to distinguish oratorical pronunciation from
pronunciation in general, the alteration is not without id
use.
ELOGY, el-6-j£, «. 503. Praise, panegyric.
To ELONGATE, e-16ng-gate, v. a. To lengthen,
to draw out.
To ELONGATE, e-15ngigate, t;. n. To go off to
a distance from any thing.
ELONGATION, el-6ng-ga-shun, s. 530. 533. The
act of stretching or lengthening itself; the state of be-
ing stretched; distance; space it which one thing Is
distant from another ; departure, removal.
To ELOPE, e- lope/ v. a. To run away, to break
loose, to escape.
ELOPEMENT, e-lope^ment, s. Departure from just
restraint.
ELOPS, e^-lops, s. A fish, reckoned by Milton a-
mong the serpents.
ELOQUENCE, eU6-kwense, 4. The power of speak,
ing with fluency and elegance ; elegant language utter-
ed with fluency.
ELOQUENT, eUA-kw&it, adj. Having the power
of oratory.
ELSE, else, jrranaun. Other, one besides.
ELSE, else, adv. Otherwise; besides, except
ELSEWHERE, elst-whare, ado. 397. In any other
place ; in other places, in some other place.
To ELUCIDATE, e-lu-se date, v. a. To explain,
to clear.
ELUCIDATION, e-15-se-daishun, s. Explanation,
exposition.
ELUCIDATOR, e-luise-da-tur, s. 521. Explainer,
expositor, commentator.
To ELUDE, e-lude/ v. a. To escape by stratagem,
to avoid by artifice.
ELUDIBLE, e-luAle-bl, adj. Possible to be eluded.
ELVES, elvz, s- The plural of Elf.
ELVELOCK, elv-lok, t. Knot* in the hair.
EMB
173
EMB
n8r 167, nit 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 299 — pound 313— thin 465—THls 469.
ELVISH, £Uvlsh, adj. Relating to elves, or wander- To EMBASE, £m-base,' v. a. To vitiate; to de-
ing spirits. | grade, to vilify.
ELUMBATED, ^-lumiba-ted, adj. Weakened in EMBASEMKNT, em-basc'ment, s. Depravation,
the loins. j EMBASSADOR, £m-bis-sa-dur, ». 98. One sent
ELUSION, d-lu-zhfin, $• An escape from inquiry or • on a ymblick message.
examination, an artifice.
El.USlVE, £-!u-slv, adj. 158. 428. Practising e-
iusion, using arts to escape.
.
EjIBASSAUUESS, ein-bas^sa-drSs, «. A
A pubhck
sent on a public message.
„ . EJIBASSAGE, £m-bas-saje, 90.
ELUSORY, <i lu-sur-i, adj. 429. 512. Tending EMBASSY, £m-bas-s<$,
message ; any solemn message.
To EMBATTLE, Im-bat-tl, v. a. 405. To range
in order or array of battle.
To EMBAY, £m-ba,' v. a. 98. To bathe, to wet, to
to elude, tending to deceive, fraudulent.
To ELUTE, £-luU>,' v. a. To wash off.
To ELUTRIATE, £-luitr£-ate, v. a. 91. To de-
ash ; to enclose in a bay, to land-lock.
o EMBELLISH, £m-bel-llsh, v. a. To adorn, to
Hot
cant, to strain out.
ELYSIAN, £-lizh-£-an, adj. 542. Deliciously soft
and soothing, exceedingly delightful.
ELYSIUM, e-llzh^-um, s. The place assigned by beautify.
the heathens to happy souls; any place exquisitely1 EMBELLISHMENT, 3m-b£M!sh m£nt, *.
pleasant. | raent, adventitious beauty, decoration.
To EMACIATE, d-m<Vsh<i ate, t>. a. 542. To j EMBERS, £mMnirz, s. without a singular.
waste, to deprive of flesh. cinders, ashes not yet extinguished.
To EMACIATE, 6-ma-shd-ate, v. n. To lose flesh, i EMBER- WEEK, em-bur-wWk, s. A week in which
to pine. | all ember day falls. The ember days at the four sea-
EMACIATION, e-ma-sbe-aishun, s. The act of
making lean ; the state of one grown lean.
EMACULATION, ^-mak-u-la-shom. s. The act of
freeing any thing from spots or foulness.
EMANANT, Smii-riant, adj. Issuing from some-
thing else.
To EMANATE, em^a-nate, v. n 91. To issue or
flow from something else.
EMANATION, £m-ma-na-shun, s. 530.* The act
of issuing or proceeding from any other substance ; that
which issues from another substance.
EMANATIVE, £m^an-a-tiv, acy. 91. Issuing from
another.
To EMANCIPATE, £-man's4-pate, v, a. To set
free from servitude.
EMANCIPATION, i-man-s^-pa'shun, s. The act
of setting free, deliverance from slavery.
To EMARGINATE, £-mar£j£-nate, v. a. To take
away the margin or edge of any thing.
To EMASCULATE, i-mas-ku-late, v. a. To cas-
trate, to deprive of virility; to effeminate; to vitiate by
unmanly softness.
EMASCULATION, £-mas-ku-la-shun, s. Castra-
tion; effeminacy, womanish qualities.
To EMBALE, £m-bale/ v. a. To vnake up into a
bundle; to bind up, to enclose.
To EMBALM, £m-bam/ v. a. 403. To impreg-
nate a body with aromaticks, that it may resist putre-
faction.
HZf The affinity between the long e and the short t,
when immediately followed by the accent, has been ob-
served under the word Despatch. But this affinity is no
where more remarkable than in those words where the e
is followed by TO or n. This has induced Mr. Sheridan to
spell embrace, endow, &c. imbrace, indow, &c. and this
spelling may, perhaps, sufficiently convey the cursory or
colloquial pronunciation ; but my observation greatly
fails me if correct public speaking does not preserve the e
in its true sound, when followed by m or it. The differ-
ence is delicate, but, in my opinion, real.
EMBALMEK, £m-bam£ir, *. 409. One thai prac-
tises the art of embalming and preserving bodies.
To EMBAR, ^m-bar/ v. a. To shut, to enclose; to
stop, to hinder by prohibition, to block up.
EMBARKATION, em-bar-kaishun, s. The act of
nutting on shipboard; the act of going on ship-
board.
EMBARGO, Sm-barig6, s. 98. A prohibition to
pass, a stop put to trade.
To EMBARK, £m-bark/ v. a. To put on shipboard;
to engage another in any affair.
To EMBARK, £m-bark,' v. n. To go on shipboard ;
to engage in any affair.
To EMBARRASS, £m-bariras, v. a. To perplex, to
distress, to entangle.
EMBARRASSMENT, £m-bariras-m&it, s. Perplexi-
ty, entanglement.
sons are the Wednesday, Friday, and :^aturday, after
the first Sunday in Lent, the feast of Pentecost, Sep-
tember fourteenth, December thirteenth.
To EMBEZZLE, &m-b£z-zl, v. a- 405. To appro-
priate by breach of trust; to waste, to swallow up in
riot.
EMBEZZLEMENT, £m-b£z-zl-m£nt, s. The act of
appropriating to himself that which is received in trust
for another ; appropriation.
To EMBLAZE, £m-blaze^ t>. a. To adorn with
glittering embellishments ; to blazon, to paint with en-
signs armorial.
To EMBLAZON, £m-bla-zn, v. a. To adorn with
figures of heraldry ; to deck in glaring colours.
EMBLEM, £m-bl<lm, s. Inlay, enamel ; an cccult
representation, an allusive picture.
To EMBLEM, £m-bl£m, v. a. To represent in an
occult or allusive manner.
EMBLEMATICAL, £m-bl£-mat^-kal, 509.
EMBLKMATICK, £m-bl£.mattlk,
Comprising an emblem, allusive, occultly representa-
tive; dealing in emblems, using emblems,
EMBLEMATICALLY, £m-bl<i-mat£e kal-£, adv.
In the manner of emblems, allusively.
EMBLEMATIST, £m-blerpia-tist, *. Writer or in-
ventor of emblems.
EMBOLISM, emibA-llzm, s. Intercalation, inser-
tion of days or years to produce regularity and equa-
tion of time ; the time inserted, intercalatory time.
EMBOLUS, £m-b6-lus, s. Any thing inserted ami
acting in another, as the sucker in a pump.
To EMBOSS, £m-bfts,' v. a. To form with protu-
berances; to engrave with relief, or rising work ; toeu-
close, to include, to cover.
EMBOSSMENT, £m.b&s-rn«*nt, s. Any thing stand-
ing out from the rest, jut, eminence; relief, rising
work.
To EMBOTTLE, £m-b5t-tl, v. a. To include in bot-
tles, to bottle.
To EMBOWEL, £m-bou-£l, v. a. To deprive of the
entrails.
To EMBRACE, £m-brase,' v. a. To hold fondly
in the arms, to squeeze in kindness; to seize ardently
or eagerly, to lay hold on, to welcome ; to comprehend,
to take in, to encircle ; to comprise, to enclosei to con-
tain.
To EMBRACE, £m-brase^ v. n. To join in an em-
brace.
EMBRACE, £m brase/ J. Clasp, fond pressure in
the arms, hug.
r, ^m-braseirn^nt, s. Cla?p in the
arms, hug, embrace; state of being contained, enclo-
sure; conjugal endearment.
EMBKACER, £m-bra-sur, *. The person embracing.
EMBRASURE, £m-bra'zhure, *. An aperture in
the wall, battlement.
EMI 174 EMP
559. Fate 73, fir77, fall 83, fit 81 — m& 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107— r.i '.62, n.A>; 164,
To EMBROCATE, £m-bri-kate, v. a. 91. To rub
any diseased part with medicinal liquors.
;.MBROCATION, £m-bri-kalsh&n, s.
The act of
rubbing any diseased part with medicinal liquors; the
lotion with which any diseased part is washed.
To EMBROIDER, £m-br&-dur, v. a. To border
with ornaments, to decorate with figured works.
EMBROIDERER, ^m-broi^dfir-fir, s. One that a-
doms clothes with needle-work.
EMBROIDERY, £m-broeM&r £, s. Figures raised
upon a ground, variegated needle-work ; variegation,
diversity of colours.
To EMBROIL, £m-br6]l/ v. a. To disturb, to con-
fuse, to distract.
To EMBROTHEL, £m-br&TH^l, v. a. To enclose
in a brothel.
EMBRYO, *mlte*,\ J ne offsprmft ye{ „.
EMBRYON, em-bre-on, \
finished in the womb : the state of any thing yet not
fit for production, yet unfinished;
EMENDABLE, i-mlln^di-bl, adj. Capable of emen-
dation, corrigible.
EMENDATION, 3m-5n-da-sh&n, s. 530. Correc-
tion, alteration of any thing from worse to better ; an
alteration made in the text by verbal criticism.
EMENDATOR, Sm-£n -da-ten-, s. 521. A corrector,
an improver.
EMERALD, 5m^-rald, «. A green precious stone.
To EMERGE, £-m5rje,' v. n. To rise out of any
thing in which it is covered ; to rise, to mount from a
state of depression or obscurity.
EMERGENCE, e m£r-j£nse,
EMERGENCY,
r-j£nse, 7
rij3n-s4, }
*. The act of ris-
, ? adj. Having the quali
$ ty of provoking vomits
To EMIT, £-m1t,' v. a. To send forth ; to let fly,
to dart ; to issue out juridically.
EMMENAGOGUE, &n-m£niiUg5g, *. A medicine
to pron ote circulation in females.
EMMET, £m-m!t, s. 99. An ant, a pismire.
To EMMEW, dm-mft' v. a. To mew or coop up.
EMOLLIENT, £ m61-y£nt, adj. liS. Softening,
suppling.
EMOLLIENTS, £-m6Ky£nts, s. Such things a»
sheathe and soften the asperities of the humours, and
relax and supple the solids.
EMOLLITION, £m-m51-llsh-un, •. The act of
softening.
EMOLUMENT, ^--mftl-fif-m^nf, s. Profit, advantage.
EMOTION, d-m6^shun, s. Disturbance of mind,
vehemence of passion.
To EMPALE, em--pale/ v. a. To fence with a pale ;
to fortify ; to enclose, to shut in ; to put to death by
spitting on a stake fixed upright.
EMPANNEL, £m-panin£l,- s. The Writing or en-
tcring the names of a: jury into a schedule by the sheriff,
which he has summoned to appear.
To EMPANNEL, £fn-panlhet, v. a. To summon
to serve on a jury.
To EMPASSION, ^m-pashiun, v. a. To move with
passion, to affect strongly.
To EMPEOFLE, ^m-p^pl, t>. a. To form inttf a
people or community.
EMPEBESS, &m-p£r-£s, 5. A woman invested with
imperial power ; the queen of an emperor.
EMPERdR, &m-p£r-ur, s. 166. A monarch of
ing out of any fluid by which it is covered ; the act of
rising into view ; any sudden occasion, unexpected
casualty ; pressing necessity.
EMERGENT, t*-m£r-j£Ht, adj. Rising out of that
which overwhelmsand obscures it ; rising into view or
notice; proceeding or issuing from any thing; sudden,
unexpectedly casual.
EMERITED, £-m&r-lt-5d, adj. Allowed to have
done sufficient public service.
EMEROIDS, 5m^4r-oldz, s. Painful sweHmgs of the
hemorrhoidal veins, piles, properly Hemorrhoids.
EMERSION, e-m^rishtln, s. The time when a star,
having been obscured by its too near approach to the
sun, appears again.
EMERY, &mi£r-4, *. Emery rs an iron ore. It
prepared by grinding in mills. It is useful in cleaning
and polishing steel.
EMETICAL, e-
EMETICK, £-m£t-ik,
EMETICALLY, £-m£t^-kaI-£, ado. in such a
manner as to provoke to vomit.
EMICATION, dm-u-kaishun, *. 530. Sparkling,
flying off in small particles.
EMICTION, ^-mlki-shun. & Urine.
EMIGRANT, ikn^-grant, s. One that emigrates.
To EMIGRATE, £m-m£-grite, v. n. To remove
from one place to another.
EMIGRATION,
of habitation.
EMINENCE, £n
EMINEXCY,
-£ gra-shun, s. 53O. Change
• s. Loftiness, height ;
summit, highest part; exaltation, conspicuousness,
reputation, celebrity ; supreme degree ; notice, distinc-
tion ; a title given to cardinals.
EMINENT, £m-e-n£nt, adj. High, lofty ; dignified,
exalted ; conspicuous, remarkable
EMINENTLY, £m^ n£nt-l£, culv.
Conspicuously
in a manner that attracts observation ; in a high de-
gree.
EMISSARY, £m-is-sar-n*, *. One sent out on pri-
vate messages ; a spy, a secret agent ; one that emits or
sends out.
EMISSION, £-rn1sh-&n, J. The act of sending out,
vent.
title and dignity superior to a king.
EMPERY,
command.
503.
A word out of use.
Empire, sovereign
rong,
EMPHASIS, £m-fa-sls, S. A remarkable stress laid
Hj)on a word or sentence.
EMPHATICAL, <kn-fatiik-al, ladj. Forcible, sti
EMPHATICK, £m-fat-lk, 5 staking.
EMPHATICALLY, £m-fati£-kal-6, adv. Strongly,
forcibly, in a striking manner.
To EMPIERCE, £m-perse/' v. a. 250. To pierce
into, to enter into by violent appulse. — See Pierce.
EMPIRE, £mipire, s. 14O. Imperial power, su-
preme dominion ; the region over which dominion it
extended ; command over any thing.
Jf5» I have differed from Mr. Sheridan and Buchanan
in the pronunciation of the last syHaMe of this word, as
I think the long sound of f is more agreeable to the ear,
as well as to the best usage, though 1 confess not so analo-
gical as the short i Dr. Kenrick, Scott, W. Johnston,
and Perry, pronounce the t long as I have done. — See
Umpire.
EMPIRICK, £mip£-rlk, or em-plr-ik, ». A triei
or experimenter, such persons as venture upon obsci va-
tion only ; a quack.
Jt^- Dr. Johnson tells us, the first accentuation is a-
dopted by Dryden, and the last by Milton ; and this he
prefers. There is indeed a strong analogy for the la-st, as
the word ends in iek, .509 ; but this analogy is sometimes
violated in favour of the substantives, as in Lunaticl;
Heretick, &c. and that this is the case in the word in ques-
tion, may be gathered from the majorky of votes in its
favour; for though Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Mr.
Nates, and W. Johnston, are for The latter ; Dr. Ken-
rick, Dr. Ash, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, Entick,
Bailey, and Barclay, are for the former. This word
classes too with those that almost always adopt the ante-
penultimate accent, 505 ; but the adjective has more pro-
perly the accent en the second syllable.
adj. Versed in ex-
periments, practised only by rote.
EMPIRICALLY, em-plri^-kal-Ii, adv. Experimen-
tally, without rational grounds ; in the manner of a
quack.
EMPIRICISM, £m piKe-sizm, s. Dependence on
experience without knowledge or art ; quackery.
EMPLASTER, £m-plas-tCir, s. An application to a
sore of an oleaginous or viscous substance spread uj>ou
cloth.
EMPIRICAL, £m-plri4-kal,
EMPIRICK, £m-piriik,
BMP
175
ENC
t»Ar 167 nit 163— tibe 171, tfib 172, bill 173—511 299— pSfind 313— thin 466— THIS 469.
To EMPLASTER, Sm-plasit&r, t;. o. to cover with , $J- This w°rd J}as *e accent on the penultimate syl-
lable in Sheridan, Kennck, Barclay, Nares, and Bailey;
a plaster.
EMFLASTICK, £m-plasitik, adj. Viscous, glutin-
ous.
To EMPI.EAD, 3m pl^de,' v. a. To endict, to pre-
fer a charge against.
To EMPLOY, £m-plu£,' v. a. To busy, to keep at
work, to exercise : to use as an instrument ; to com-
mission, to intrust with the management of any affairs ;
. to fill up with business; or to spend in business.
EMPLOY, £m-pl6(*/ s. Business, object of industry ;
publick office.
EMPLOYABLE, Jm-ploe-i-bl, adj. Capable to be
used, proper for use.
EMPLOYER, £m-pl3»*-&r, s. One that uses, or
causes to be used.
EMPLOYMENT, £m-plS4'm(lnt, $. Business, ob-
ject of industry ; the state of being employed ; office,
. post of business.
To EMPOISON, £m-po£-zn, v. a. To destroy by
poison, to destroy by venomous food or drugs ; to en-
. venom.
EMPOISONER, £m-p5£-zn-fir, s. One who destroys
another by poison.
EMPOISONMENT, 5m-po&zn-m£nt, s. The practice
of destroying by p< ison.
EMPORETICK, £m-p6-r£t-!k, adj. That is used at
markets, or in merchandise.
EMPORIUM, £m-p6-r£-0m, s.
chandise, a commercial city.
A place of mer-
To EMPOVERISH, em-p5v-£r-lsh, v. a. To make
E", to lessen fertility.
This word, before Dr. Johnson's Dictionary was
led, was always written impoverish; nor since he
has reformed the orthography. do we find any considera-
ble difference in the sound of the first syllable, except in
solemn speaking ; in this case we must undoubtedly pre-
serve the e in its true sound. — See Embalm.
EMPOVERISHER, £m-pov££r-lsh-ur, *. One that
makes others poor ; that which impairs fertility.
EMPOVERISHMENT, 4m-p<W-Cr-Ish-m£nt, s. Di-
minution, waste.
To EMPOWER, £m-p5u-ur, v. a. To authorize, to
commission ; to enable.
EMPRESS, Im-prds, s. The queen of an emperor ;
a female invested with imperial dignity, a female sove-
reign ; properly Kmperess.
EMPRISE, £m- prize/ s. Attempt of danger, under-
taking of hazard, enterprise.
EMPTIER, finite- ur, s. One that empties, one that
makes void.
EMPTINESS. 3mit<*-n£s, s. The state of being emp-
ty, a void space, vacuity; unsatisfactoriness, inability
to fill the desires ; vacuity of head, want of knowledge.
, £m-sh5n, s. A purchasing.
EMPTY, &n-t£, adj. 412. Void, having nothing in
it, not full; unsatisfactory, unable to fill the mind or
desires ; without any thing to carry, unburthened ; va-
cant of head, ignorant, unskilful; without substance,
without solidity, vain
To EMPTY,
v. a. To evacuate, to exhaust.
EMPYREUM, em-plr-r£-&m,
To EMPURPLE, em-pur-pl, v. a. To make of a
purple colour.
To EM PUZZLE, &n p&zizl, v. a. To perplex, to
put to a stand.
EMPYEMA, £m-pl-£-ma, s. 92. A collection of
purulent matter in any part whatsoever, generally used
to signify that in the cavity of the breast only.
55" 1 have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the sound of
the y in the second syllable of this word, merely from the
disagreeable effect it has on the ear, to pronounce two
vowels of exactly the same sound in immediate succes-
lion. This sameness is, in some measure, avoided by
giving y the long diphthongal sound of i; and the sam
reason has induced me to the same notation in the won
Empyrean. If good usage is against me, 1 submit.
EMPYREAL, £m-p!r-£-al, adj. Formed of fire, re-
fiaed beyond aerial.
EMPVREAN, £m-pi-r£ian, or £m-p1r£4-an. s.
The highest heaven, where ihe pure element of fire is
supposed to subsist. — See Etitpyema.
and on the antepenultimate in A'sh, Buchanan, Perry,
and Entick : and this last accentuation is, in my opinion,
the most correct ; for as the penultimate is short, there is
the same reason for placing the accent on the antepenul-
timate as in Cerulean ; though Poets, with their usual
license, generally accent the penultimate — See European.
, s. The burning of
EMPYREUMA, em-pe-m-ma, \
any matter in boiling or distillation.
EMPYUEUMATICAL, £m-p£-rh-mat££-kal, adj.
Having the smell or taste of burnt substances.
EM PYROSIS, em-pd-r6-sis, s. 520. Conflagration,
general fire.
To EMULATE, £m£&-late, V. a. To rival ; to imi-
tate with hope of equality, or supeiior excellence ; to
be equal to; to rise to equality with.
EMULATION, £m-fi-laish&n. s. Rivalry, desire of
superiority ; contest.
EMULATIVE, £m-6-la-tlv, adj. Inclined to emu-
lation, rivalling.
EMULATOR, em-i-la-t&r, s. 166. 521. A rival, a
competitor.
To EMULGE, £-m&lje,' v. a. To milk out.
EMULGENT, d-mfrl-j£nt, adj. Milking or draining
out.
EMULOUS, &m'-h-lhs, adj. 314. Rivalling ; engag-
ed in competition; desirous of superiority, desirous to
rise above another, desirous of any excellence posses-
sed by another.
EMULOUSLY, 6m-i-l&s 1£, adv. With desire of
excelling or outgoing another.
EMULSION, e-mfil-shun, s. A form of medicine,
by bruising oily seeds and kernels.
EMUNCTORIES, e-m&ngkitur-lz, s. 557. 99.
Those parts of the body where any thing excrememi-
tious is separated and collected.
To ENABLE, £n-aibl, v. a. 405. To make able,
to confer power.
To ENACT, £n-ikt,' v. a. To establish, to decree ;
to represent by action.
£5» The same observations hold good in words begin-
ning with en as in those with em. — See Embalm and En-
comium.
ENACTOR, Sn-akitur, s. 1 66. One that forms de-
crees, or establishes laws ; one who practises or performs
any thing.
ENALLAGE, £n-alMa-ji, s. A figure in grammar,
whereby there is a change either of a pronoun, as when
a possessive is put for a relative, or when one mood or
tense of a verb is put for another.
To ENAMBUSH, en-am^bush, v. a. To hide in
ambush, to hide with hostile intention.
To ENAMEL, £n-ami£l, v. a. 99. To inlay, to
variegate with colours.
To ENAMEL, £n-am-£l, v. n. To practise the use
of enamel.
ENAMEL, £n am-£l, S. Any thing enamelled, or
variegated with colours inlaid ; the substance inlaid in
other things.
ENAMELLER, £n-ami£l-l&r, s. One that practises
the art of enamelling.
To ENAMOUR, £n-amiur, v. a. 314. To inflame
with love ; to make fond.
ENARRATION, ^n-nar-ra-sh&n, *• Explanation.
ENARTHROSIS, £n-ar-//jru£sis, s. 520. The inser-
tion of one bone into another to form a joint.
ENATATION, ^-uS-ta-slmn, s. The act of swim-
ming out.
To ENCAGE, £n-k&je,' v. a. To shut up as in a
cage ; to coop up, to confine.
To ENCAMP, £n-kuinp,' v. n. To pitch tents; to
sit down for a time in a march.
To ENCAMP, en-kamp,' v. a. To form an army
into a regular camp.
ENCAMPMENT, £n-kimp'm£nt, *. The act of en-
camping or pitching tents; a camp, tents pitched in
order.
To ENCAVE, £n-kave,' v. a. To hides* in acav*
E\C
176
END
r5" 559. Fate 73, fdr 77, fill 83, &t 81 — ml 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m6ve 164,
To ENCHAFE, £n-tshafe, v. a. To enrage, to irri-
tate, to prmvke.
To EXCHAIN, £n-tshane,' t». a. To fasten with a
chain, to hold in chains, to bind.
To ENCHANT, &o-ub&iu,' r. a. 79. To subdue
by charms or spells ; to delight in a high degree
ENCHANTER, £n-tshAn-tar, *-. 98. A magician, a
sorcerer.
ENCHANTINGLY, £n-tshSn£ting-le, adv. With
the force or enchantment.
ENCHANTMENT, £n-tsh&nt£m£nt, s. Magical
charms, spells, incantation ; irresistible influence, over-
powering delight.
ENCHANTRESS, £n-tsh5nitr3s, s. A sorceress, a
woman versed in magical arts; a woman whose beauty
or excellence gives irresistible influence.
To ENCHASE, £n-tshase,' v. a. To infix, to en-
close into any other body so as to be held fast, but not
concealed.
To ENCIRCLE, £n-s5rikl, v. a. To surround, to
environ, to enclose in a ring or circle.
ENCIRCLET, £n-*£rkM5t, s. A circle, a ring.
ENCLITICAL, ^n-kllt^-kal, adj. Relating to en-
cliticks.
ENOLITICKS, £n kllt-lks, s. Particles which throw
back the accent upon the last syllable of the foregoing
word.
To ENCLOSE, £n-kloze,' v. a. To part from things
or grounds common by a fence; to environ, to encir-
cle, to surround.
ENCI.OSER, £n-kl6-zfir, s. One that encloses or
separates common fields into several distinct proper-
ties ; anv thing in which another is enclosed.
ENCLOSURE, &i-kl6-zh&re, *. The act of enclos-
ing or environing any thing; the separation of com-
mon grounds into distinct possessions ; the appropria-
tion of things common ; state of being shut up in any
place; the space enclosed.
ENCOMIAST, £n-kAime-ist, s. A panegyrist, a
praiser.
ENCOMIASTICAL,
ENCOMIASTICK, £
negyrical, containing praise, bestowing praise.
ENCOMIUM, taMfmt-um, S. Panegyrick, praise,
elo<:y.
%$• Though in cursory speaking we frequently hear the
e confounded with the short t in the first syllable of en-
camp, enc/iant, &e. without any great offence to the ear,
ye- such an interchange in encomium, encomiast, &c. is
not only a departure from propriety, but from politeness ;
and it is not a little surprising that Mr. Sheridan should
have adopted it. The truth is, preserving the e pure in
all words of this form, whether in rapid or deliberate
speaking, is a correctness well worthy of attention.
To ENCOMPASS, £n-k&m-pis, v. a. To enclose;
to encircle ; to go round any place.
ENCOMPASSMENT, £n-k&m-pSs-m£nt, s. Circum-
locution, remote tendency of talk
UNCORK, &ng-kore,' adv. Again, once more.
J£y» This word is perfectly French, and, as usual, we
have adopted it with the original pronunciation. In other
words which we have received from the Fnnch, where the
na.Ml vowel has occurred, we have substituted an awkward
pronunciation in imitation of it, which has at once shown
our fondness for foreign modes of speaking, and our in-
capacity of acquiring them : thus Caisson has been turn-
el into CVucoon, BMon into Balloon, Dragon into Dra-
goon, and Chnmont (a character in the Orphan) into Sha-
vwon ; but in the word before us, this nasal sound is fol-
lowed by c hard, which after n always involves hard g, 408 ;
ami this is precisely an English sound. An Englishman,
therefore, docs not find the difficulty in pronouncing the
nasal sound in this word, which he would in another that
dirt's not admit of the succeeding hard c and g ; as enten-
deinent, altentif, &c. ; for if in pronouncing the en in
Uiese words the tongue should once touch the roof of the
mouth, the French nasal sound would be ruined. No
wonder then that a mere English speaker should pro-
nounce this French word so well, and the rest of the na-
sal vowels so ill. It does not arise from the habit they
contract at theatres, (where it would be the most barbar-
ous and ill-bred pronunciation in the world to call for the
repetition of an English song in plain English.) It does
not, 1 say, arise from custom, but from coincidence. The
sound, in the word before us, is common to both nations
and though the French may give it a somewhat lighter
sound than the English, they are both radically the same.
Adopting this word, however, in the theatre, does tha
English no manner of credit. Every language ought to
be sufficient for all its purposes. A foreigner who under-
stood our language, but who had never been present at
our dramatic performances, would suppose we had no
equivalents in English, should he hear us cry out Encore,
Bravo, and Sravissimo, when we only wish to haveasona'
repeated, or to applaud the agility of a dancer.
ENCOUNTER, £n-koun-tur, s. 313. Duel, single
fi«ht, conflict; battle, fight in which enemies rush a
gainst each other ; sudden meeting ; casual incident.
To ENCOUNTER, en.koun-tur, v. a. To meet face
to face ;. to meet in a hostile manner, to rush against
in conflict ; to attack ; to oppose ; to meet by accident.
To ENCOUNTER, £n-koun-t&r, v- n. To rush to.
gether in a hostile manner, to conflict ; to engage, to
fight ; to meet face to face ; to come together by chance.
ENCOUNTERER, £n-koun£t&r-&r, s. Opponent,
antagonist, enemy ; one that loves to accost others.
To ENCOURAGE, In-k&r^rldje, v. a. 90. To ani-
mate, to incite to any thing ; to give courage to, to
support the spirits, to embolden ; to raise confidence.
ENCOURAGEMENT, £n.kur£ridje-ment, 5. incite,
ment to any" action or practice, incentive ; favour,
countenance, support.
ENCOURAGER, ^n-k&rirldje-fir, s. 314. One that
supplies incitements to any thing, a favourer.
To ENCROACH, &i-kr6tsh/ v. n. 295. To make
invasions upon the right of another ; to advance gradu-
ally and by stealth upon that to which one has no right.
ENCROACHER, £n-kr6tsh-ur, s. One who seizet
the possession of another by gradual and silent means ;
one who makes slow and gradual advances beyond his
rights.
ENCROACHMENT, 2n-kr&tsh-m£nt, s. An unlaw-
ful gathering in upon another man; advance into the
territories or rights of another.
To ENCUMBER, £n-k&m-bur, v. a. To clog, to
load, to impede; to load with debts.
ENCUMBRANCE, ^n-kum-brinse, j. clog, load,
impediment; burden upon an estate.
ENCYCLICAL, £n-slk-le-k£l, adj. 535. Circular
sent round through a large region.
ENCYCLOPEDIA, £n-sl-kl6-pu-d£ £, s. The circle
of sciences, the lound of learning. — See Cyclopedia.
ENCYSTED, £n-s]sit£d, adj. Enclosed in a vesicle
or bag.
END, end, s. The extremity of any thing ; the con-
clusion or cessation of any thing ; the concision or
last part of any thing ; ultimate state, final doom ; final
determination', conclusion of debate or deliberation ;
death ; abolition, total loss ; fragment, broken piece ;
purpose, intention; thing intended, final design; an
end, erect, as, his hair stands an end.
To END, £nd, v. a. To terminate, to conclude, to
finish ; to destroy, to put to death.
To END, £nd, v. n. To come to an end; to con-
clude, to cease.
To ENDAMAGE, £n-dlrnildje, v. a. 99. To mis-
chief, to prejudice, to harm.
To ENDANGER, £n-dan-j&r, v. a. To put into
hazard, to bring into peril ; to incur the danger of, to
hazard.
To ENDEAR, £n-d£er/ v. a. 227. To make dear,
to make beloved.
ENDEARMENT, dn-dWrimlnt, s. The cause of
love, means by which any thing is endeared ; the state
of being tndeared, the state of being loved.
ENDEAVOUR, £n-dOvi&r, s. 234. Labour direct-
ed to some certain end.
To ENDEAVOUR, £n-d£v-ur, v. n. To labour to
a certain purpose.
To ENDEAVOUR, £n-ddv-fir, v. a. To attempt, to
try.
ENDEAVOURER, £n-ddvi&r-&r, *. One who la-
bours to a certain end.
ENDECAGON, £n d£k-l-g6n, s. A plain figure ot
eleven sides and angles.
KNE
177
ENG
n<5i 167, n5t 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pound 313 — lV\n 466 — THis 469.
To ENFEEBLE, Sn-f&bl, v. a. 4O5. To weaken,
1 > £n-dlte' v- a* To charge any man
E.sDEMIAL, 3n-dti-m**-al, ^
ENDEMICAL, £n-dem^-kal, C adj. Peculiar to
ENDEMICK, £n-dem-ik, )
a country, used of any disease that affects several peo-
ple together in the same country, proceeding from some
cause peculiar to the country where it reigns.
To ENDENIZE. £n-d<Jn-lz, v. a, 159. To make
free, to enfranchise.
To ENDENIZEN, £n-d3n^-zn, v. a. 103. 234.
To naturalize.
To ENDICT,
To ENDITE
by a written accusation before a court of justice, as, he
was endicted for felony ; to draw up, to compose ; to
dictate.
J5^?- Before Johnson published his Dictionary, these
words were universally spelt indict and indite. That
great reformer of our language seems to have considered,
that as the Latin indicere came to us through the French
rnditer, we ought to adopt the French rather than the
Latin preposition, especially as we have conformed to the
French in the sound of the latter part of this word. But
notwithstanding his authority, to indict, signifying to
charge, stands its ground, and to indite is used only when
we mean to draw up or compose ; in this sense, perhaps,
it may not be improper to spell it eiulite, as it may serve
to distinguish it from the other word, so different in sig-
nification.
or de.
ENDICTMENT, 7
ENDITEMENT, \
claration made in form of law, for the benefit of the
commonwealth.
ENDIVE, tln-div, S. An herb, succory.
ENDLESS, £nd-l£s, adj. Without end, without con-
elusion or termination ; infinite in duration, perpetual ;
incessant, continual.
ENDLESSLY, &nd£lia-l&,adv. Incessantly, perpetu-
ally ; without termination of length.
ENDLESSNESS, £nd-les-n£s, s. Perpetuity, endless
duration ; the quality of being round without an end.
ENDLONG, &id-long, adv. In a straight line.
ENDMOST, ind-m6st, adj. Remotest, furthest, at
the further end.
To ENDORSE, 4n-durse/ v. a. To register on the
back of a writing, to superscribe ; to cover on the back.
ENDORSEMENT,
to superset
Sn- dorse-
e-mdnt, s. Subscription,
writing on the back ; ratification.
To ENDOW, io-d^A/v. a. 313. To enrich with
a portion ; to supply with any external goods ; to en-
rich with any excellence.
ENDOWMENT, fa-dWmJfit, s. Wealth bestowed
to any person or use ; the bestowing or assuring a dower,
the setting forth or severing a sufficient portion for per-
petual maintenance ; gifts of nature.
To ENDUE, £n-du/ v. a. To supply with mental
excellencies.
ENDURANCE, £n-duiranse, s. Continuance, last-
iiignesg.
To ENDURE, 3n-d6re/ v. a. To bear, to undergo,
to sustain, to support.
To ENDURE, £n-di'ire,' v. n. To last, to remain,
to continue ; to brook, to bear.
ENDURER, £n-du-rur, s. 98, One that can bear
or endure, sustainer, sufferer; continuer, laster.
ENDWISE, £nd-wlze, adv. Erectly, on end.
ENEMY, £nie-me, s. A publick foe ; a private
opponent, an antagonist ; one that dislikes ; in theo-
logy, the fiend, the devil.
ENERGETICS, £n er-j<h-Ik, adj. 530. Forcible,
active, vigorous, efficacious.
To ENERGIZE, &n'-&r jize, v. n. To act with energy.
ENERGY, £ii^r-je, s. 5O3. Power ; force, vigour,
eflicacy ; faculty, operation.
To ENERVATE, d-n£r-vate, v. a. 91. To weaken,
to deprive of force.
ENERVATION, £n-£r-va-shun, s. 53O. The act of
weakening ; the state of being weakened, cdem'macy.
To ENERVE, »J-ndrv/ v. a. To weaken, to break
the force of, to crush.
to enervate.
To EN FEOFF, i3n-f<Mf/ v. a. 256. To invest with
any dignities or possessions. A law term.
ENFEOFFMENT, £n f££f?.m£nt, »-. The act of en-
feoffing ; the instrument or deed by which one is in-
vested with possessions.
To ENFETTER, £n-f£tit&r, v. a. To bind in fet-
ters, to enchain.
ENFILADE, £n-f£ ladV,' *. A strait passage.
To ENFORCE, £n-f6rse,' v. a. To strengthen, to
invigorate; to put in act by violence; to urge with
energy ; to compel, to constrain.
ENFORCEDLY, <Jn-f6ri-s£d-lti, adv. 364. By vio-
lence, not voluntarily, not spontaneously
ENFORCEMENT, en-forse-m£nt, s. An act of vio-
lence, compulsion, force offered ; sanction, that which
gives force to a law; pressing exigence.
ENFORCER, tln-foris&r, s. 98. Compeller, one who
eU'eets by violence.
To ENFRANCHISE, £n-franitsh1z, v. a. 159. To
admit to the privileges of a freeman ; to set free from
slavery ; to free or release from custody ; to denizen.
ENFRANCHISEMENT, en-frani-tshlz-m£nt, s. In-
vestiture of the privileges of a denizen ; release from
prison, or from slavery.
ENFROZEN, 6n-fr6^zn,
th cold.
part. 103. Congealed
To ENGAGE, <5n-gaje,' v. a. To impawn, to stake ;
to enlist, to bring into a party ; to embark in an affair,
to enter in an undertaking ; to unite, to attack ; to in
duce, to win by pleasing means, to gain ; to bind by
any appointment or contract ; to seize by the attention ;
to employ, to hold in business ; to encounter, to figu..
To ENGAGE, £n-gaje, v. n. To conflict, to fight;
to embark in any business, to enlist in any i>arty
ENGAGEMENT, *Jn-gaje-m£nt, s. The act of en-
gaging, impawning, or making liable to debt ; obliga-
tion by contract ; adherence to a party or cause, partia-
lity ; employment of the attention; fight, conflict, bat-
tle; obligation, motive.
To ENGAOL, £n-jale/ v. a. To imprison, to con-
fine.
To ENGARRISON, £n-garir£-sn, v. a. 170. To
protect by a garrison.
To ENGENDER, £n-j<Jn-d&r, v. a. To beget be-
tween different sexes ; to produce, to form j to excite,
to cause, to produce ; to bring forth.
To ENGENDER, en-j3n-citir, v. n. 98. To be
caused, to be produced.
ENGINE, £nijln, s. 140. Any mechanical compli-
cation, in which various movements and parts concur
to one effect; a military machine; an instrument to
throw water upon burning houses; any means used to
bring to pass ; an agent for another.
Jf^f* Pronouncing this word as if written ingine, though
very common, is very improper, and savours strongly of
vulgarity.
ENGINEER, £n-j£-n£*ir/ s. One who manages en-
gines, one who d'irects the artillery of an army.
ENGINERY, en-jin-rti, s. The act of managing ar-
tillery ; engines of war, artillety.
T» ENGIRD, £n-gerd/ v. a. 382. To encircle, to
surround.
ENGLE, engigl, s. 405. A gull, a put, a bubble.
ENGLISH, Ing-glish, adj. 10 J. Belonging to Eng-
land.
To ENGLUT, £n-gl&t/ v. a. To swallow up ; to
glut, to pamper.
To ENGORGE, ^n-gorjt,' v. a. To swallow, to de-
vour, to gorge.
To ENGORGE, ^ii-gdrji-/ v. n. To devour, to feed
with eagerness and voracity.
To ENGRAIN, £n grant*/ v. a. To die deep, to
die in grain.
To ENG it APPLE, £n-grap-pl, t'.n. 405. TO cU#»
with, to contend with, to hold on each other.
To ENGRASP, ^n -grasp/ v. a. To seize, to liuki
fast in the hand.
ENL
178
ENS
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi gs.me't 95— pine 105, pin 107 — 116 162,mSve 164,
To ENGRAVE, £n-grave,' v. a. pret. Engraved ;
part. past. Engraved or Engraven. To picture by in-
cisions in any matter ; to mark wood or stone ; to im-
press deeply," to imprint ; to bury, to inter.
ENGRAVER, 3n-graivir, s. A cutter in stone or
other matter.
To ENGROSS, £n grAse^ »>. a. 162. To thicken,
to make thick ; to increase in bulk ; to fatten, to plump
up; to seize in the gross; to purchase the whole of any
commodity for the sake of selling it at a high price ; to
copy in a large hand; — See Gross.
ENGROSSER, e'n-grosisur, *. 98. He that pur-
chases large quantities of any commodity in order to
sell it at a nigh price.
ENGROSSMENT; £n-gr6s-me'nt, j. Appropriation
of things in the gross, exorbitant acquisition.
To ENGUARO, 4n-g&rd,' v. a. 92. 332. To pro-
tect, to defend.
To ENHANCE, 3n-halise,' v. a. 79. To raise, to
advance in price ; to raise in esteem ; to aggravate.
ENHANCEMENT, e^n-hanse-me^nt, s. Augmen-
tation of value ; aggravation of ill.
ENIGMA, e'-nlg'nii, s. 92. A riddle, an obscure
question.
ENIGMATICAL, £n fg-mat^-kal, adj. 530. Ob-
scure, ambiguously or darkly expressed.
ENIGMATICALLY, ^n-lg-mat^-kal-e1, adv. In a
sense different from that which the words in their fami-
liar acceptation imply.
ENIGMATIST, 4-nlg-ma-tlst, 5. One who deals
in obscure and ambiguous matters.
To ENJOIN, e'n-jolu,' v. a. 299. To direct, to or-
der, to prescribe.
ENJOINEH, £n-j6in£fcr, s. One who gives injunc-
. tions.
ENJOINMENT, Sn-jolnime'nt, *. Direction, com-
mand.
To ENJOY, e'n-jAeY v. a. 329. To feel or perceive
with pleasure; to obtain possession or fruition of ; to
please, to gladden.
To ENJOY, 5n-j5<^ v. n. To live in happiness.
ENJOY ER, 5n-jo<*-ir, s. 98. One that has fruition.
ENJOYMENT, £n-joe-m£nt, *. Happiness, fruition.
Tu ENKINDLE, £n-kin-dl, v. a. 405. T6 set on
fire, to inflame; to rouse passion; to incite to any act
or hope.
To ENLARGE, e'n-llrje,' v. a. To make greater in
quantity or appearance; to dilate, to expand ; to am-
plify, to release from confinement; to diffuse in elo-
quence.
To ENLARGE, £n-larje/ v. n. To expatiate, to
speak in many words.
ENLARGEMENT, £n-large-meru, jt. Increase, aug.
mentation, farther extension ; release from confine-
ment or servitude ; magnifying representation ; expa-
tiating speech, copious discourse.
ENLARGER, e'n-lar-j&r, *. 98. Amplifier.
To EN LIGHT, £n-llte,' v. a. To illuminate, to sup-
ply with light.
To ENLIGHTEN, e"n-llitn, v. a. 103. To illumi-
nate, to supply wilh light; to instruct, to furnish with
Increase of knowledge ; to supply with sight
ENLIGHTENER, £n-li-tn-&r, i. One that gives
light; instructor.
To ENLINK, £n-llnk,' v. a. To chain to, to bind.
To ENLIST, dn-list/ v. a. To enter into military
service.
(£5* This word is not in Johnson's Vocabulary, but he
has .used it to explain the word to list ; Ash has the word
to inlist, which, as the word is derived from the French
lltte, a catalogue, is not so properly compounded as with
the inseparable preposition en.
To ENLIVEN, ^n-H-vn, v. a. 103. To make quick,
to make alive, to animate ; to make vigorous or active ;
to make sprightly; to make gay.
ENLIVENER, £n-li-vn-&r, s. That which animates,
that which invigorates.
To ENLUMINE, £n li-mln, v. a. 140. To illu-
mine, to illuminate.
To ENMARBLE, £ii-maribl, v. a. 405. To turn
to marble.
To ENMESH, 4n-m£sh,' v. a. To net, to entangle.
ENMITY, £n'm£ t£, s. Unfriendly disposition, ma-
levolence, aversion ; state of opposition ; malice, mis-
chievous attempts.
To ENNOBLE, £n-n6-bl, t> a. 405. To raise from
commonalty to nobility ; to dignify, to aggrandize j to
elevate; to make famous or illustrious.
ENNOBLEMENT, £n n6-bl-m£nt, s. The act of
raising to the rank of nobility ; exaltation, elevation,
. dignity.
ENODATION, e'n A-daishfin, s. 53O. The act of
untying a knot ; solution of a difficulty.
ENORMITY, ^-nor-m^-te1, s. Deviation from rule;
deviation from right ; atrocious crime, flagitious vil-
lany.
ENORMOUS, e-no'rim&s, adj. 314. Irregular, out
of rule; wicked beyond the common measure; exceed*
ing in bulk the common measure.
ENORMOUSLY, e-nor-mus-le, adv. Beyond mea-
sure.
ENORMOUSNESS, £-nor-m&s-n£s, i. Immeasurable
wickedness.
ENOUGH, £-n&f? adj. 314, 391. Being in a su*.
ficieut measure, such as may satisfy.
ENOUGH, i-nfif/ *. Something sufficient in great-
ness or excellence.
ENOUGH, e-nuf/ adv. In a sufficient degree, in
a degree that gives satisfaction ; an exclamation noting
fulness or satiety.
ENOW, ^-nou,' adj. 322. The plural of Enough.
A sufficient number.
JfjT- This word is growing obsolete, but is not quite so
much out of date as the word Sin, signifying a greater
number. We still hear some speakers talk of having ink
enough and pent enuu< ; but the greater part seem now to
use enough both for quantity and number; as more has
been so used for s me centuries.
To ENRAGE, £n-raje/ i). a. To irritate, to pro-
voke, to make furious.
To ENHANCE, £n-ranje,' v. a. To place regularly,
to put into order.
To ENRANK, £n-rank,' v. a. To place in orderly
ranks.
To ENRAFT, £n-r3pt,' v. a. To throw into an ec-
stacy, to transport into enthusiasm.
To ENRAPTURE, £n-rap-tshure, v. a. To trans-
port wi'.h pleasure.
To ENRAVISH, £n-rAv-Ish, v. a. To throw into
ecstacy.
ENRAVISHMENT, Jn-rav-ish m^nt, s. Ecstacy of
delight.
To ENRICH, £n-rltsh/ «. a. To make wealthy, te.
make opulent; to fertilize, to make fruitful ; to store,
to supply with augmentation of any thing desirable.
ENRICHMENT, £n ritsh-m£nt, s. Augmentation of
wealih ; improvement by addition.
To ENRIDGE, e'n-ridje,' v. a. To form with lon-
gitudinal protuberances or ridges.
To ENRING, £n-rlng£ t). n. To bind round, 01
encircle.
To EN RIPEN, £n-ri£pn, v. a. 103. To ripen, to
mature.
To ENROBE, £n-r6be/ v. a. To dress, to clothe.
To ENROL, £n-roh-/ v. a. 406. To insert in a roU
or legister ; to record ; to invohe, to inwrap.
ENROLLER, £n-rol-l&r, 3. He that enrols, he that
registers.
ENROLMENT, ^n-rol-m^nt, j. Register; writing
in which any thing is recorded.
To ENROOT, £n-rSot,' v. a. 306. To fix by the
root.
To ENROUND, 5n-round/ v. a. 312 To environ,
to surround, to enclose.
ENS, £nz, s. Any being or existence.
To ENSANGUINE, en-sangigwln, v. a. 340. To
smear with fore, to suffuse with blood. „
ENT
179
ENt
ti&r 167, not 163— tibe 171, t&h 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — po&nd 313— </jin 4G<7 — THIS 469V
To ENSCHEDULE, £n-s5tl-ule, v. a. To insert in To ENTER, £n-teV, t». n. To come in, to go in ;
a schedule or writing. — See Schedule. I to penetrate mentally, to make intellectual entrances
To ENSCONCE, en-skinse/ v. a. To cover a* with to "'gage in ; to be initiated in.
a forti j ENTERING, en-ter-ing, s. Entrance, passage into
To ENSEAM, <?n-st*me,' v. a. 227. To sew tip, to' a place.
To ENTERLACE, en ter-lasp,' v. a. To intermix.
enclose by a seam.
To ENSEAR, en-sire,' v. a. 227. To cauterize, to
stanch or stop with fiie.
To ENSHIELD, en-she<Hd,' v. a. 275. To cover.
To ENSHRINE, ^n-shrine,' v. a. To enclose in
a chest or cabinet ; to preserve as a thing sacred.
ENSIFORM, e'n-se-form, adj. Having the shape of
a sword.
ENSIGN, e"n-s'ine, s 385. The flag or standard of
a regiment ; badge, or mark of distinction ; the officer
of foot who carries the ting.
5^- I have given the last syllable of this word the long
gouiul, as I am convinced it is the most correct, though I
am of opinion that, in the military profession, it is oftener
pronounced short, as if written eitsin. Some reasons from
analogy plight be produced in favour of this latter pronun-
ciation, 141; but they do not seem sufficient to outweigh
tile more general usage which declares for the former.
ENSIGNBEARER, en-sine-ba-rur, s. He that car-
ries the I.'ag.
ENSIGNCY, e"n£sln-se, s. The office of an ensign.
J£f I have not met with this word in any of pur Dic-
tionaries, but, from its very frequent use in the polite
world, am persuaded it deserves a place there, and parti-
culary in a Pronouncing Dictionary ; as it must be re-
marked, that though the second syllabic of ensign is gene-
rally and more correctly pronounced with the i long, the
iarne letter in the same syllable ofensigncy is always shurt.
To ENSLAVE, £n-slave/ v. a. To reduce tb servi-
tude, to deprive of liberty ; to make over to another as
his slave.
ENSLAVEMENT, e'n-alave-me'nt, *. The state of
servitude, slavery.
ENSLAVER, en-sla-Vur, s. He that reduces others
to a state of servitude.
To ENSNARE. See Insnare.
To ENSUE, e'n-sii,' v. a. To follow, to pursue.
To ENSUE, e'n-sil,' V. n. To follow as a consequence
to premises ; to succeed in a train of events, or course
of time.
ENSUHANCE, e'n-shu-ranse, s. Exemption from
hazard, obtained by the payment of a certain sum ; the
sum paid for security.
ENSURANCER, e'n-shuiran-s&r, 5. He who under-
takes to exempt from hazard.
To ENSURE, en-sb£ire,' v. a. To ascertain, to make
certain, te secure ; to exempt anything from hazard
by paying a certain sum, on condition of being reim-
bursed for miscarriage.
Jf^f As this word and its compounds come from the
word sure* they all retain the aspirated pronunciation of
the » in that word, 454 ; and It is not a little surprising
that Mr. Sheridan has omitted to mark it.
ENSURER, £n-shu£rfrr, s. One who makes con-
tracts of ensu ranee.
ENTABLATURE, en-tabila-tshu-re,l
ENTABLEMENT, dn-ta'bl-me'nt, f *'
ENTEROCELE, £n-ter^o-sele, s. A tumour formed
by the prolapsion of the intestines into the scrotum. —
See Hydrocele.
ENTEROLOGY, e'n-te-rSl-A-je, s. The anatomical
account of the bowels and internal parts.
ENTERPRISE, 4n-ter- prize, *. An undertaking of
hazard, an arduous attempt.
To ENTERPRISE, en-tlr-prlze, v. a. To under-
take, to attempt, to essay.
ENTERPRISER, £niter-pri-zur, *. A man of en-
terpriz?, one who undertakes great things.
To ENTERTAIN, e'n.teV-taiie,' v. a. To converse
with, to talk with ; to treat at the table ; to receive hos-
pitably; to keep in one's service; to reserve in the
mind; to please, to amuse, to divert; to admit with
satisfaction.
ENTERTAINER, 3n-tei.tain&r, s. He that keept
others in his service ; he that treats others at his table ;
he that pleases, diverts, or amuses.
ENTERTAINMENT, §n-te>-tane-me'nt, *; Conver-
sation ; treatment at the table ; hospitable reception ;
payment of soldiers or servants ; amusement; diversion ;
dramatick performance, the lower comedy.
ENTERTISSUED, en-t£r-dshiude, adj. Interwoven
or intermixed with various colours or substances.
To ENTHRONE, £n-</jrAne,' v. a. To place on a
regal seat ; to invest with sovereign authority.
ENTHUSIASM, Sn-Mfi-zhe-azm, s. A vain belie/
of private revelation, a vain confidence of divine fav-
our ; heat of imagination ; elevation of fancy, exalta-
tion of ideas.
JtS" For the pronunciation of the third syllable of this
andthe three following words, sec Eccleiiastteki and Prin-
ciples, No. 451.
ENTHUSIAST, e'n-t/mizhe'-ast, *. One who vainly
imagines a private revelation, one who has a vain con-
fidence of his intercourse with God ; one of a hot ima
gination ; one of elevated fancy, or exalted ideas.
ENTHUSIASTICAL, e"n-j/iu--zhe-as-te-kal,
ENTHUSIASTIC*, ^w/ifr-zheUasidk
Persuaded of some communication with the" Deity
vehemently hot in any cause ; elevated in fancy, ex
alted in ideas.
ENTHYMEME, &n-th& mime, S. An argument con-
sisting only of an antecedent and consequential propo-
sition.
To ENTICE, £n-tlse,x v. a. To allure, to attract, to
draw by blandishment or hopes.
ENTICEMENT, e'n-tise-me'nt, s. The act or prac-
tice of alluring to ill r the means by which one is allur-
ed to ill ; allurement.
ENTICER, e'n.ti-s&r, s. 98. One that allures to ill.
ENTICINGLY, 3n-ti-slng-le, adu. Charmingly, in a
winning manner.
ENTIERTY, e'n-tlreite', *. Completeness.
\adj.
lecture, the architrave, frieze, and cornice of a pillar, j asftfs apt Vo induce us ito pronounce the lasVf in a distmct
E.NTAIL, e'n-tak',' s. 202. The estate entailed or syllable, as in sobriety, variety, &e. but as this word is a
settled, with regard to the rule of its descent ; the rule I formation of our own, we must be careful to pronounce
of descent settled for any estate. it in three syllables.
To ENTAIL, e'n-tale,' v. a. To settle the descent
of any estate so that it cannot be, by any subsequent
possessor, bequeathed at pleasure.
To ENTAME, en-tame,' v. a. To tame, to subju-
gate.
To ENTANGLE, en-tangigl, v. a. 405. To in-
wrap or insnare with something not easily extrieable ;
to twist or confuse ; to involve in dilliculties, to perplex.
ENTANGLEMENT, en-tang-gl-ment, s. Intricacy,
perplexity, puzzle.
ENTANGLEH, £n-tang£glur, s. One that entangles.
To ENTER, un-ter, v. n. 98. To go or come into
any place; to initiate in a business, method, or society ;
to set down in a writing.
ENTIRE, In-tire,' adj. Whole, undivided ; unbroken,
complete in its parts ; full, complete ; in full strength.
ENTIRELY, Sn-tireMe, adv. in the whole, without
division; completely, fully.
ENTIRENESS, en-tireines, s. Completeness, fulness.
To ENTITLE, en-ti-tl, v. a. 405. To grace or dig-
nify with a title or honourable appellation ; to super-
scribe or prefix as a title ; to give a claim to any thing ;
ch really is, »
to grant any thing as claimed by a title.
ENTITY, Sn-te-te, s. Something whi>
real being ; a particular species of being.
To ENTOIL, en-toli,' v. a. To insnare,
to bring into toils or nets.
to entangle,
To ENTOMB, en-tOOm/ v. a. To put into a tomb.
ENV
180
EPI
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m& 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — ni 162,
164,
ENTRAILS, £n-trlls, s. 208. The intestines, the
bowels, the guts ; the internal parts, recesses, caverns.
ENTRANCE, £n-transe, s. The power of entering
into a place ; the act of entering ; the passage by which
a place is entered, avenue ; init lation, commencement ;
tlie act of taking possession of an office or dignity ; the
beginning of any thine.
To ENTRANCE, £n-transe.' v. a. 91. To put into
a trance, to withdraw rne soui wholly to other reli-
gions : to put into an ecstacy.
To ENTRAP, £n-trap,' p. a. To insnare, to catch
in a trap; to involve unexpectedly in difficulties; to
take advantage of.
To ENTREAT, £n-trete,' t». a. 227.
To petition,
to solicit, to importune ; to prevail upon by solieita
tion ; to treat or use well or ill.
To ENTREAT, £n-tr£tr< v. n. To offer a treaty or
compact; to treat, to discourse ; to make a petition.
ENTREATANCE, en-tr^-tanse, s. Petition, solicita-
tion.
ENTREATY, £n-tn^t£, S. Petition, prayer, solicita-
tion.
ENTRY, £n-tre. s. The passage by which any one
enters a house ; the act of entrance, ingress ; the act of
taking possession of any estate j the act of registering
or setting down in writing ; the act of entering publick-
ly into any city.
To ENUBILATE, £-nh-be-late, v. a. To clear from
clouds.
To ENUCLEATE, £-n6ikle-ate, v. a. To solve, to
clear.
To ENVELOP, £n- v£l-&p, t; a. To inwrap, to cover ;
to hide, to surround ; to line, to cover on the inside.
ENVELOPE, 5n-vd-l6pe/ s. A wrapper, an outward
case.
jf^=- This word, signifying the outward case of a letter,
is always pronouneedin the French manner by those who
can pronounce French, and by those who cannot the ini-
tial e is changed into an o. Sometimes a mere English-
man attempts to give the nasal vowel the French sound,
and exposes himself to laughter by pronouncing g after
it, as if written, ongvelope. This is as ridiculous to a po
liie ear as if he pronounced it, as it ought to be pronounc
ed, like the verb to envelop.
To ENVENOM, £n-veni5m, v. a. 166. To poison ;
to make odious ; to enrage.
ENVIABLE, £niv£4Ubl, adj. 405. Deserving enry.
ENVIER,
a maligner.
s. 98. One that envies another,
vest.
ENVIRONS,
ENVIOUS, £n-v£-&s, adj. 314. Infected with envy.
ENVIOUSLY, 3n-v£-&s-l£, adv. With envy, with
malignity, with ill-will.
To ENVIRON, £n-vi-r&n, v. a. 166. To surround;
to envelop ; to besiege, to hem in ; to enclose, to in-
in-v£ r&nz/ or ^n-vUr&ns, s. 166.
The neighbourhood or neighbouring places round a-
bout the country.
|C5" i his word is in general use, and ought to be pro-
nounced like the English verb to environ : but the vanity
of appealing polite keeps it still in the French pronuncia-
tion ; and as the nasal vowels in the first and last syllable
are not followed by hard c or g, it is impossible for a
n ere Englishman to pronounce it fashionably. — See En-
core.
To ENUMERATE, £-n6im£-rate, ». a. To reckon
up singly, to count over distinctly.
ENUMERATION, e-nfc-m«*-ra-sh&n, s. The act of
numbering or counting over.
To ENUNCIATE, d-nunish^-ate, v. a. To declare,
to proclaim.
ENUNCIATION, £-n&n sh^-aish&n, s. Declaration,
publick attestation; intelligence, information.
E.NUNCIATIVE, d-n&rAhe-a-tlv, adj. Declarative,
adv. De-
expressive.
ENUNCIATIVELY, £-n&nish£ a-tlv
clarativel. — See Pronunciation.
ENVOY, In-voe, s. A publick minister sent from
one power to another; a publick messenger, in dignity
below an ambassador ; 4 messenger.
To ENVY, In'vi, v. a. To hate another for excel-
lence or success ; to grieve at any qualities of excellence
in another ; to grudge. — See Appendix.
J£5- The ancient pronunciation of this word was with
the accent on the last syllable, and the y sounded as in
eye, as the Scotch pronounce it at this day.
To ENVY, £r>£v«*, v. n. To feel en?y, to feel pain
at the sight of excellence or felicity.
ENVY, In^-v^. s. 182- Pain felt and malignity con-
ceived at the sight of excellence or happiness ; rivalry,
competition; malice.
To ENWHEEL, £n-whWI/ v. a. To encompass, u>
encircle.
To ENWOMB,
v. a. To make pregnant ;
? adj.
•} *
to bury, to hide.
EPACT e-pakt, s. A number whereby we note '..ie
excess of the common solar year above the lunar, and
thereby may fir.d out the age of the moon every year.
EPAULET, fip-aw-let, s. A military shouldei orna-
ment.
EPAULMENT, e pawl£m£nt, 5. In fortification, a
sidework made either of earth thrown up, of bags of
earth, gabions, or of fascines and earth.
EPKNTHESis, £-p3n-i/i£-sls, s. 503- c. The addi-
tion of a vowel or consonant in the middle of a word.
EPHEMERA, e-fem£e-ra, s. 92. A fever that ter-
minates in one day; an insect that lives only one
day.
{£$» I was much surprised when I found Mr. Sheridan
had given ihe long open sound of e to the second syllable
of Ephemera, E]:Kemeris, &.C. If it was in compliment
to the Greek eta, the same reason should have induced him
to give the sound of long e to the first syllable of Hemi-
stick, Demagogue, and Rheturick.
EPHEMERAL, e-fem'e ral, 88. , ,.
i r? 1 1 n « r cuti. Diurnal.
EPHLMERICK, e-feraie-nk, 510, f
beginning and ending in a day,
EPHEMERIS, ^-f^m^e-rls, s. A journal, an account
of daily transaction* ; an account of the daily motion*
and situations of the planets.
EPHEMERIST, 4-f£mi<;-r!st, $. One who consult
the planets, one who studies astrology.
EPHOD, ef-od, or e^fod, *. An ornament worn bj
the Hebrew priests.
j£5» Scott, Buchanan, W. Johnston, Nares, and Ash,
adopt the fiist; F.ntick aud Kenrick the last, which, in
my opinion, is the best.
EPICK, £p-lk, adj. Comprising narrations, not acted,
not rehearsed. It is usually supposed to be heroick.
EPICEDIUM, £p-£-s^-d£ fim, s. An elegy, a poem
upon a funeral.
EPICURE, £p£<Ukfire, s. A man given wholly to
luxury.
EPICUREAN, £p-£-k{i-r£-an, s. One who holds the
principles of Epicurus. — See European.
EPICUREAN, £p-e-ku-re-aii, adj. Luxurious, con-
tributing to luxury.
EPICURISM, ^p^e-ki-rlzm, s. Luxury, sensual
enjoyment, gross pleasure.
EPICURISM, ^p^-ku-rlzrn, s. The principles of
Epicurus.
Mr Mason tells us that this
;ord should have the
accent on the third syllable. For my own part, I think
that accentuation of the word as faulty as the explanation.
It seems to me that Epicureanism is ;in anachment to the
doctrines of Epicurus ; and that Epicurism is tbrmeii from
the word Epicure, which signifies a sensu ..list, and parti-
cularly in eating, or rather delicacy in eating. A lady
once told Mr. Hume, that she had heard he was a great
Epicure ; No, Madam, said he, I am only a glutton.
EPICYCLE, £p^-si-kl, s. 405. A little circle whose
centre is in the circumference of a greater, or a small
orb dependant on a greater, as the moon on the earth.
EPICYCLOID, £p-£-si-kloicl, S. A curve generated
by the revolution of the periphery of a circle along th«
convex or concave part of another circle.
EPIDEMICAL,
EPIDEMICK, 4p <*-d<hn-lk, 509.
That falis
at once upon great numbers of people, as a plapue
generally prevailing, affecting great numbers; general,
EPO
1S1
EQU
nor 167, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pound 313— //tin 4C6— THis> 469
EPIDERMIS, £p ei-ddr-mls, *. The scarf-skin of a EPULATION, Sp-u-la-shun, s. A feast.
man's body. ' El'ULOTICK, ^p-6-lot^Ik, s. A cicatrising mcdica-
EPIGRAM, ep^e-gram, *. A short poem terminal- ' ment.
ing ill a point. EQUABILITY, 4-kwa-blW-t^, J. Equality to itself,
EPIGRAMMATICAL, <Jp-e-gram-mat-c-kal, 1 evenness, uniformity.
EPIGRAMMATIC*, £p-e gram-niatUk, 509. $ | EQUABLK, &kwa l»l, adj. 405. Equal to itself,
even, unifoim.
EQUABLY, ^-kwi-blti, arf;. Uniformly, evenly, e-
qually to itself.
EQUAL, £-kwal, adj. 36. 88. Like another in
bulk, or any quality that admits comparison ; adequate
to any purpose; even, uniform; in just proportion;
impartial, neutral ; indifferent ; equitable: advantage-
ous alike to both parties; upon Die same terms.
Dealing in epigrams, writing epigrams; suitable to epi-
grams, belonging to epigrams.
EPIGRAMMATIST, e'p-^-gramiini-tlst, *. One who
writes or deals in epigrarns.
EPILEPSY, £pi<Ul4p s«K s. A convulsive motion of
the whole body, or of some of its parts, with a loss of
sense.
Ef ILEPTICK, £p-4-l£p£tik, adj. 5O9. Convulsed,
EPILOGUE, £p^-16
at the end of a play.
, *. 338. The poem or speech
EPINICIOV, £p-«i-nlsh£4-5n, s. A song for victory ;
a festival to commemorate a victory, (from. the Greek
IT/, upon, and ttx-r,, a victory.)
EPIPHANY, £-p!f-£a-n£, «. A church festival, cele-
brated on the twelfth day after Christmas iu comme-
moration of our Saviour's being manifested to the world,
by the appearance of a miraculous blazing star.
EPIPHQNEMA, £p-e:-fA-n£-ma, s. 92. An excla.
mation, a conclusive sentence not closely connected
with the words foregoing.
EPIPHORA, d-pil-fi-ra, j. 92. An inflammation
of any part.
EPIPHYSIS, £-p!W-s1s
parts added by accretion
s. 520. Accretion, the
EPISCOPACY, i-plsiko-pi-s^, s. The government
of bishops, established by the apostles.
EPISCOPAL, £-pls£k&-pal, adj. Belonging to a bi-
shop ; vested iti a bi>hnp.
EPISCOPATE, £ pk-kA pate, & 91. A bishoprick.
EPISODE, £p-£-sode, ». An incidental narrative,
or digression in a poem, separable from the main sub-
ject.
EPISODICAL, £p-4-s5die-kal, 7 adj. Contained in
KPISODICK, £p £-s5d-ik, .509. y an episode.
EPISPASTICK, £p -£-spas£tlk, adj. LVawing; blis-
tering.
EPISTLE, £-pis£sl, s. 472. A letter. — See 4j>ostle.
EPISTOLARY, £ p!sit6-lir-<*, adj. Eclating to let-
teis, suitable. tp letters; transacted by letters.
EPISTLUR, ^-pls-lur, *. 98. A scribbler of letters.
EPITAPH, £p^-taf, s. An inscription upon a tomb-
stone.
EPITHALAMIUM, £p-4
tial song upon marriage.
EPITHEM,
tern, illy applied.
-me-am, s A nuj>-
S. A liquid medicament CX-
EPITHET, ep^£./Alt, *. An adjective denoting any
i|uality good or bad.
EPITOME,
ture.
*. Abridgment, abbrevia-
T<> EPITOMISE, £-plti6-mlze, v. a. To abstract,
to contract into a narrow space ; to diminish, to curtail.
EPITOMISEH, 4-plt-o-ml-zur, 9*. An abridger, an
EPITOMIST, A-pIt^o-mist, $ alj tracter.
EPOCH, £pi6k, or iJ-pok, J
•r< \ fl'i . > *. 545. The time at
t,POCHA, ep-o-ki, J
which a new computation is begun, from which dates
are numbered.
Jt^» As the last of these words is Latin, from the Greek
i-rc'^r,, the Latin accent and quantity on the antepenulti-
mate syllable is preserved by polite speakers ; anil the first
being anglicised, and containing only two syllables, falls
into the quantity of fhe original. Sheridan, Buchanan,
Nares, and Ash, make the first syllable of epoch short; but
Perry and Kenrick, in my opinion, make it more properly
long.
EPODE, £p'ode, or ££pode, *. The stanza after the
strophe and antistrophe.
fcf~ Sheridan, Kntick, Scott, Perry, W. Johnston,
Nares, and Ash, make the first e short; but Kenrick
makes it long, as, in my opinion, it ought to be-, 5 lo.
EPOPEE, £p o-p(J,' t. An epic or hcroiik iiotin.
EQUAL, £-kwal, $. One nut inferior or superior to
another ; one of the same age.
To EQUAL, £-kwal, v. a. To make one thing or
person equal to another ; to rise to the same state with
another person; to recompense fully.
To EQUALISE, ^-kwal-ize, », a. To make even ;
to be equal to.
EQUALITY, e-kwal'£ t4, *• 86. Likeness with re.
gar<l to any quantities compared ; the same degree of
dignity ; evenness, uniformity, equability.
EQUALLY, ^-kwal-lti, adv. In the same degree
with another; evenly, equably, uniforml\ ; impartially
EQUANGULAR, 4-kwang-gu-lar, adj. Consisting
of equal angles.
EQUANIMITY, £-kwa-nlmie-t£, *. Evenness of
mind, neither elated nor depressed.
EQUANIMOUS, £-kwan-^-mus, adj. Even, not de-
jected.
EQUATION, ^-kwa-shjEm, s< The investigation of a
mean proportion collected from tlie extremities of ex-
cess and defect ; in algebra, an expiessjon of the same
quantity in two dissimilar terms, but of equal value;
in astronomy, the difference between the time marked
by the sun's apparent motion, and that measured by its
motion.
EQUATOR, £-kwaitfir, s,. 166. A great circle, whose
poles are the poles of the world. It divides the globe
into two equal parts, the northern and southern hemi-
spheres.
EQUATORIAL, 4-kwa to^e-al, adj. Pertaining to
the equator.
'. Appearing on
belonging to the
EQUESTRIAN, £-kw£s£tre-an, at
horseback ; skilled in horsemanship
second rank in Home.
EQUERY, £-kw£ri£, *. Master of the horse.
EQUICRUKAL, ^-kw4-kr56-rAl, adj. Having the
legs of an equal length.
EQUIDISTANT, e-kwe-dls^tant, adj. At the same
distance.
EQUIUISTANTLY, e-kw^-dls-tint-le, adu. At the
same distance.
EQUIFORMITY, £-kw£ for-m£-t£, *. Uniform e-
quality.
EQUILATERAL, d-kw^-lit^r-al, adj. Having all
sides equal.
To EQUILIBRATE, d-kW-lUbrate, t». a. To ba-
lance equally.
EQUILIBRATION, £-kwe*-li-braishun, *. Equi-
poise.
EQUILIBRIUM,
llbiri-um, *. Equipoise, e-
quality of weight ; equality of evidence, motives or
powers.
EQUINECESSAUY., ^-kw^-n^s4s-sar-^, adj. Need-
ful in the same degree.
EQUlliOCTJAL, (Ukwii-n&kishil, i. 88. The line
that encompasses the world at an equal distance irom
either pole, to which circle when the sun comes, he
makes equal days and nights all over the globe.
EQUINOCTIAL, «i-kw£ n&k-slliU, qdj. Pertain-
ing to the equinox; happening about the time of the
equinoxes; being near the equinoctial line.
EQUINOCTIALLY, e-kwe-n6k-sjial-e, adv. in
tlie direction of the equinoctial.
EQUINOX, £-k\v«i-n6ks, s Equjnoxes are the pre-
cise times in which the sun cjitcr* into the first j^iint of
z
ERA
182
ERR
J5-559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, mSt 15— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mite I 64,
Aries an.1 Libra; for then moving exactly under the ERASEMENT, i-rase^mSnt, *. Destruction. deva«-
equinoctial, he makes our days and n.ghts equal; equi- ^ti(m. expunction, abolition.
ERASTIANISM, £-rast-y&n-lzm, s. The doctrine
or principles of Erastus, a physician of Switzerland
who held that excommunication in a Christian state wjj
lodged in the hands of the civil magistrate.
ERE, are, adv. 94. Before, sooner than.
ERELONG, are-l&ng,' adv. Before a long time had
elapsed.
ERENOW, are-nou,' adv. Before this time.
EREWHILE, are hwile,' ) adv. Some time ago, be-
EHEWHILES, ire-hwllz,' \ fore a little while.
To ERECT, £-r£kt,' v. a. To place perpendicularly
to the horizon ; to raise, to build ; to elevate, to exalt ;
to animate, to encourage.
To ERECT, £-r£kt,' v- n. To raise upright.
ERECT, &-r£kt/ adj. Upright ; directed upwards ;
bold, confident, vigorous.
ERECTION, i-r£k-shin, s. The act of raising, or
state of being raised upward; the act of building or
raising edifices.
ERECTNESS, £-r£kt£n£s, J. Uprightness of posture.
EREMITE, 5ri£-mite, j. 155. One who lives in a
wilderness, a hermit.
EREMITICAL, £r-£-mlti£-kal, adj. Religiously
solitary.
EREPTATION, £-r£p-taish&n, j. A creeping forth.
EREPTION, i-r^p^-shin, s. A snatching or taking
away by force.
ERGOT, £r-g&t, s. 166. A sort of stub, like a
piece of horn, placed behind and below the pastern joint
ERINGO, ^-ring-go, s. Sea-holly, a plant
ERISTICAL, ^rls^ti-kal, adj. Controversial, relat-
ing to dispute.
ERMINE, £rimln, *. 140. An animal that is found
in cold countries, and which very nearly resembles a
weasel in shape ; having a white pile, and the tip of the
tail black, and furnishing a choice and valuable fur.
ERMINED, £rimind, adj. 362. Clothed with er-
mine.
To ERODE, £-rAde,' v. a. To canker, to eat away.
EROGATION, £r-r6-ga-shin, s. The act of giving
or bestowing.
EROSION, £ ri^zh&n, *. 451. The act of eating
away ; the state of being eaten away.
To ERR, £r, v. n. To wander, to ramble, to miss
the right way ; to stray ; to deviate from any purpose ;
to commit errors, to mistake.
ERRAND, ar-rand, s. A message, something to be
told or done by a messenger.
fcf- This word is generally pronounced as it is marked ;
but might, perhaps, without pedantry, be more properly
pronounced as it is written.
ERRABLE, £r-ra-bl, adj. 405. Liable to err.
ERRABLENESS, 5r-ra-bl-n£s, s. Liableness to err.
ERRANT, ^r^rant, adj. Wandering, roving, ramb-
ling ; vile, abandoned, completely bad.
Jgj~ This word is generally pronounced exactly likear-
rant, when it has the same signification ; but when ap-
plied to a Knight, it is more correctly pronounced regu-
larly as it is marked.
ERRANTRY, £rirint r£, s. An errant state, the
condition of a wanderer ; the employment of a knight
errant
ERRATA, £r-ra^ta. The plural of ERRATUM.
'1 he faults of the printer or author inserted in the be-
ginning or end of the book.
ERRATICK, dr-rit-lk, adj. Wandering, uncertain,
keeping no certain order ; irregular, changeable.
ERRATICALLY, £r-rat^-kal-<^, adv. Without ruls^
without method.
ERRONEOUS, 5r-roin£-&s, adj. Wandering, un-
settled ; mistaking, misled by error.
ERRONEOUSLY, 6r-rA-n£-us-l£, adv. By mistake,
not rightly.
ERRONEOUSNESS, £r-rA-nt*-is-n£s, *. Physical
falsehood, inconformity to trutlu
noctial wind.
EQUINUMERANT, 4-kwd-nWm^-rlnt, adj. Hav-
ing the same number.
To EQUIP, bkwlpf v. a. To furnish for a horse-
man; to furnish, to accoutre, to fit out
EQUIPAGE, £k-kw£-paje, s. 90. Furniture for a
horseman; carriage of state, vehicle; attendance, reti-
nue; accoutrements, furniture.
EQUIPENDENCY, i-kwi p£nA15n-s£, s. The act
of hanging in equipoise.
EQUIPMENT, £-kwlpim£nt, «. The act of equip-
ping or accoutering ; accoutrement, equipage.
EQUIPOISE, &kwti-poize, s. Equality of weight,
equilibration.
EQUIPOLLENCE, i-kwi-pAUldnse, *. Equality of
force or power.
$^f The strong tendency of pur language to an encliti-
cal pronunciation, 515, would induce me to give the an-
tepenultimate accent to this and the following word, in
Apposition to Mr. Sheridan and others; as no good rea-
son can be given to the ear why they should not have this
accent, as well as equivalent, equivocal, &c- But as JEyui-
vcdeiu and JE-juivocus have the accent on the antepenul-
timate in Latin, and .f/jniaolUta on the penultimate,
and the number of syllable* being the same in both lan-
guages, the accent is generally on the same syllable, 503.
EQUIPOLLENT, £-kwd-pol-l3nt, adj. Having e-
qual power or force.
EQUIPONDERANCE, d-kwi-p5n£d£r-anse, 7
EQUIPONDERANCY, &-kw£-p6i»id£r an-s4, 3 *"
Equality of weight.
EQUIPONDERANT, £-kw£-p5iA!5r-lnt, attj. Be-
ing of the same weight.
To EQUIPONDERATE, kkw£-p&n-ddr-ate, v. n.
To weigh equal to any thing.
EQUIPONDIOUS, £-kw£-p6n-dd-&s, adj. Equilibrat-
ed, equal on either part.
EQUITABLE, 3k£kwt5-ta-bl, adj. 405. Just, due to
justice; loving justice, candid, impartial.
EQUITABLY, lk-kw£-ta-blt*, ado. Justly, impar-
tially.
EQUITY, £k-kwd-t£, s. Juttice, right, honesty ;
impartiality ; in law, the rules of decision observed by
the Court of Chancery.
EQUIVALENCE, £-kwIviva-15nse, 7
EQUIVALENCY, £-kwlviva-lSn-s<i, 5 *
of power or worth.
EQUIVALENT, i-kwlv- va-15nt, adj. Equal in value ;
equal in excellence; of the same import or meaning.
EQUIVALENT, d-kw1viva-l£nt, t. A thing of the
same weight, dignity, or value.
EQUIVOCAL, £-kwlv-vA-kal,a4/. Of doubtful signi-
fication, meaning different things ; uncertain, doubtful.
EQUIVOCALLY, d-kwlvivA-kaW, adv. Ambi-
guously, in a doubtful or double sense ; by uncertain or
irregular birth, by generation out of the stated order.
EQUIVOCALNESS, e-kwiv-vA-kal-n£s, $. Ambi-
guity, double meaning.
To EQUIVOCATE, 4-kwIv-ivA-kate, t;. n. To use
words of double meaning, to use ambiguous expressions.
EQUIVOCATION, t*-kwiv-vA-ka-sh&n, s. Ambi-
guity of speech, double meaning.
EQUIVOCATOR, & kwlv-v&ka-t&r, *. 521. One
who uses ambiguous language.
ERA, £-ra, t. The account of time from any parti-
cular date or er- och.
ER VDIATION, £-ra-d£ a-shin, *. 534. Emission
of radiance.
To ERADICATE, £-racW-kate, v. a. To pull up
by the root ; to destroy, to end.
ERADICATION, ^-rad-4-ka-sliin, *. The act of
tearing up by the root, destruction ; the state of being
torn up by the roots.
ERADICATIVE, i-rad^-ka-tlv, adj. 512. That
cures radically.
To ERASE, £-rase/ v. a. To destroy, to rub out ;
to expunge.— See To Rait.
Equallty
ESC
18:*
EST
nir 167, n&t 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, b&ll 173 — 511 299 — polnd 313 — tfi'm 466 — THis 469.
s. 510. The
ERROUR, £r-r&r, s. 314. Mistake, involuntary
deviation from truth ; a blunder, a mistake commit-
ted ; roving excursion, irregular course. Better written
error.
ERST, £rst, adv. First ; at first, in the beginning ;
once, when time was; formerly, lung ago; before,
till then, till now.
ERUBESCENCE, £r-rf«-b£s-s£nse, 7
ERUBESCENCY, £r-r{i-b£s£s£a s£,$
act of growing red, redness.
ERUBESCENT, £r-r6 b£s-s€nt, adj. Reddish, some-
what red.
To ERUCT, i-r&kt,' t». a. To belch, to break wind
from the stomach.
ERUCTATION, £-r&k-ta-sh&n, j. The act of belch-
ing ; belch, the matter vented.
ERUDITE, £r-i-dltt-,' adj. Learned.
ERUDITION, 5r-6-dlsh-iin, s. Learning, knowledge.
ERUGINOUS, eWh-je-n&s, adj. Partaking of the
nature of copper.
ERUPTION, i-r&p-shfin, *. The art of breaking or
bursting forth; burst, emission ; sudden excursion of a
hostile kind; efflorescence, pustules.
ERUPTIVE, i-r&pitlv, adj. Bursting forth.
ERYSIPELAS, 3r-4.slp^-las, s. An eruption of a
hot acrid humour.
ESCALADE, £s-ki-lade,' *. The act of scaling the
ESCUAGE, SsMtdi-aje, *. 90. A kind of knight's
service.
ESCULENT, £s-k6-l<*nt, adj. Good for food, eatable.
ESCULENT, £sMch-l£nt, S. Something fit for food.
ESCUTCHEON, 3s-k&tsh-ln, s. 259. The «hieid of
the family, the picture of the ensigns armorial.
ESPALIER, £s-paliy3r, s. 113. Trees planted aud
cut so as to join.
ESPECIAL, £-spish£al, adj. Principal, chief.
walls.
ESCALOP, sk&W&p,
indented.
i. A shell fish, whose shell is
To ESCAPE, £-skape,' v. a. To fly, to avoid ; to
pass unobserved.
To ESCAPE, 4-skape,' v. n. To fly, to get out of
danger.
ESCAPE, 4-skape/ s. Flight, the act of getting out
of danger ; in law, violent or privy evasion out of law
ful restraint ; oversight, mistake.
ESCHALOT, shil-ldt,' s. A plant.
ESCHAR, £s-kdr, s. 353. A hard crust or scar
made by hot applications.
ESCHAROTICK, £s-ki-rot-Ik, adj. Caustick, having
the power to sear or bum the flesh.
ESCHEAT, £s-tsh£te,' *. Any lands, or other profits,
that fall to a lord within his manor by forfeiture, or
the death of his tenant, dying without heir general or
especial.
ft^» This, and the three following words, not being
derived from the learned languages, have the cA pro-
nounced in the English manner.
To ESCHEAT, 3s-tbhdte,' v. a. To fall to the lord
of the manor by forfeiture.
ESCHEATOR, £s-tshtiit&r, s. 166. An officer that
observes the escheats of the king in the county where-
of he is escheator.
To ESCHEW, &-tsh5S,' v. a. To fly, to avoid, to
shun.
|£5» This word, from its being almost antiquated, has
escaped the criticism of all our orthoepiste, except Mr.
Elphinston, who contends that it ought to be pronouncec
as if written et/cew. " No wonder etk-ew, (he savs,) often
falsely articulated because falsely exhibited etc/iew, was
ocularly traced from the old tcheoir (afterwards echoir
to devolve or escheat, rather than from aquiver, to parry
avoid, or eskew, by those to whom the body of the chile
and the soul of the parent were equally unknown." The
etymological abilities of this gentleman in the French am
English languages are unquestionable; but the pronun
ciation of this word seems fixed to its orthography ; am
beyond the reach of etymology to alter. Words, like
laud, have a limitation to their rights. When an ortho-
graphy and pronunciation have obtained for a long time
though by a false title, it is perhaps better to leave then;
in quiet possession, than to disturb the language by an
ancient, though perhaps better claim.
ESCORT, £s^kort, s. 492. Convoy, guard from place
to place.
To ESCORT, £s-kort/ v. a. To convoy, to guard
from place to place.
ESCRITOIR, ^s-krii-tire,' s. A box with all the
implements necessary for writing.
ESPECIALLY,
, adv. Principally, chiefly.
EsPERANCE, ^s-pi-ransi-,' s. French. Hope.
ESPIAL, ^-spi-al, s. A spy, a scout.
ESPIONAGE.
A perfect French word, signifying the practice of
a spy. This woid has been of late much introduced into
xjliiical publications, when, perhaps, there was never less
ise for it. That our language is without this woril, is a
compliment to our government ; but if we must have a
useless word, let it be one in our own analogy, and call it
espiery.
ESPLANADE, 3s-pla-nade/ s. The empty space be-
tween the glacis of a citadel and the first houses of the
town.
ESPOUSALS, ^-spou^zals, s. (without a singular.)
The act of contracting or affiancing a man and woman
to each other.
ESPOUSAL, £-sp6u£zal, adj. Used in the act of es-
pousing or betrothing.
-To ESPOUSE, d-spouze/ v. a. To contract or be-
troth to another ; to marry, to wed ; to maintain, to de-
fend.
To ESPY, d-SpV v. a. To see a thing at a distance ;
to discover a thing intended to be hid ; to see unexpect-
edly ; to discover as a spy.
ESQUIRE, ^-skwlre/ s. The armour-bearer or at-
tendant on a knight ; a title of dignity, and next in iU--
gree below a knight.
To ESSAY, Ss-sa/ v. a. To attempt, to try, to en-
deavour; to make experiments of; to try the value and
puiity of metals.
ESSAY, 3s-sa, s. 492. Attempt, endeavour ; a loose
performance; an irregular indigested piece; an easy,
free kind of composition ; a trial, an experiment,
ESSAYIST, £s- si-lst, s. One who makes essays.
ESSENCE, ds£s£nse, s. Existence, the quality of be-
ing; constituent substance; the cause of existence; the
very nature of any being ; in medicine, the chief pro-
perties or virtues of any simple, or composition, col-
lected in a narrow compass ; perfume, odour, scent.
To ESSENCE, £sis£nse, v. a. To perfume, to scent.
ESSENTIAL, £s-s£n-shal, adj. Necessary to the
constitution or existence of any thine ; important in
the highest degree, principal ; pure, Highly rectified,
subtilely, elaborated.
J£°?= What has been observed of the word efface is ap-
plicable to this word : the same reasons have induced n;e
to differ from Mr. Sheridan in the division of etpeciai,
espousal, establish, ts.c. as I have no doubt, in words of
this form, where the two first consonants are combmable,
that they both go to the second syllabic, and leave the
vowel in the first long and open.
ESSENTIAL, £s-s£n-shal, *. Existence; first or
constituent principles ; the chief point.
ESSENTIALLY, £s-s£nishal-l£, adv. By the con-
stitution of nature.
EssoiNE, 6s-s51n/ s. Allegcment of an excuse for
him that is summoned, or sought tor, to appear ; ex-
cuse, exemption.
To ESTABLISH, «*-stib-llsh, v. a. To settle firm-
ly; to fix unalterably; to found, to build firmly, to iix
immoveably ; to make settlement of any inheritance.
ESTABLISHMENT, £-stil)£lisli-nic5iit, s. Settle-
ment, fixed state ; settled regulation, form, model ; aU
lowance, income, salary.
ESTATE, <J- state,' 4. The general interest, the pub-
lick ; condition of life ; fortune, possession in laud.
To ESTEEM, i-stt^m,' v. a. To set a value,
whether high or low, upon ai.y thing : to prize to rats
high ; to huld in opinion, to think, to imagine,
ESTEEM, (J-stcem,' s. High value, reverential ieg-rd,
ETH
184
EVA
$$• 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall S3, fiU 81 — mi 9:4, mh 95— pine 105, pin 1O7 — n6 1 62, m5ve 1 64,
ESTEEMER, •*. st^emi&r, i. One that highly values,
one that sits a high rale upon any thing.
ESTIMABLE, £sW-m4-bl, adj. 4O5. Valuable,
worth a large price ; worthy of esteem, worthy of ho-
EsTIMABLENESS, £sU<* ma-bl-n£s, S. The quality
of deserving regard.
To ESTIMATE, &>-t(*-mate, v. a. To rate, to ad-
just the value of; to judge of any thing by its propor-
tion to something else; to calculate, to compute.
ESTIMATE, ^t^-mate, s. 91. Computation, cal-
culation ; value ; valuation, assignment of proportioned
value ; opinion, judgment ; esteem, regard, honour.
ESTIMATION, fe-ti-maishfin, s. The act of ad-
justing proportioned value; calculation, computation;
opinion, judgment; esteem, regard, honour.
ESTIMATIVE, £siti-rna-tiv, adj. 5 1 2. Having the
power of comparing and adjusting the preference.
ESTIMATOR, fe^ti- ma-tor, 3. 521. A Better of
.rates.
EsTIVAL, festival, adj. 88. Pertaining to the
summer; continuing for the summer.
To ESTRANGE, ^-stranje,' v. a. To keep at a distance,
to withdraw; to alienate from affection.
ESTRANGEMENT, d-stranjtim£nt, s. Alienation,
distance, removal.
ESTRAPADE, £s-tHUpade,' s. The defence of a
horse that will not obey, but rises before, and yerks fu-
riously with his hind legs.
EsTREPEMENT, £-stret*pim5nt, *. Spoil made by
the tenant for term of life upon any lands or woods.
EsTRICH, £sitrltsfi, *. The larger of birds ; pro-
perly Ostrich.
ESTUARY, £s£tsh&-a-n*, s. 461. An ann of the
*ca, the mouth of a lake or river in which the tide ebbs
and Hows.
To EsTUATE, 3s£tshu-ate, v. a 91. To swell and
(all reciprocally, to boil.
EsTUATION, £s-tsh(l aishun, i. The state of boil-
in", reciprocation of rise and fall.
ESURIENT, £-zu.'r£-5nt, adj. 479. Hungry, TO-
r-ieious.
EsuiUNE, £zh-Ll-rlne, adj. 479. Corroding, eating.
Ere. £t-s£rA*.ra, &c. A contraction of the Latin
words Kt catrra, which signifies, And to oftlie re*t.
T i E'TCH, etsli, v. a. A way used in making of
prints, by drawing with a proper needle upon a copper-
plate.
ETCHING, Stsh-ing, s. An impression of a copper-
plate ; cited from Harris by Johnson, under the word
Ktcli.
ETERNAL, £-t£r-nal, adj. Without beginning or
end ; unchangeable.
ETERNAL, i teKnal, t. One of the appellations
of the Godhead.
ETERNALIST, £ t3rinal-llst, s. One th?t holds the
past existence of the world infinite.
To ETERNALIZE, £-t£rinal-lize, v. a. To make
eternal.
ETERNALLY, £-t£r£nal-l(*, ndu. Without begin-
ning or end; unchangeably, invariably.
ETERNE, £ t^rn,' adj. Eternal, perpetual.
ETERNITY, i-t£rind-t*i, s. Duration without be-
gining or end ; duration without end.
To ETERNIZE, i-t£r-nlze, v. a. To make endless,
to perpetuate ; to make for ever famous, to immor-
talize.
ETHER, if-th&r, s. An element more fine and subtile
th.m air, air refined or sublimed ; the matter of the
highest regions above ; a chymiual preparation.
ETHEREAL, Arfft&e-il, adj. 88. Formed of e-
ther ; celestial, heavenly.
ETHEREOUS, d-jA&nU&s, atlj. Formed of ether ;
heavenly.
ETHICAL, &/|££-kal, adj. 88. Mora!, treating on
morality.
ETHICALLY, £//A*-kal-4, adv. According to the
duel ruie* of morality.
ETHICK, &th-lk, adj. Moral, delivering precepu of
morality.
ETHICKS, &A-lks, *. (without the singular.)
The doctrine of morality, a system of morality.
ETHNICK, £//i-nlk, adj. Heathen, Pagan, not Jew-
ish, not Christian.
ETHNICKS, £//(inlks, *. Heathens.
ETHOLOGICAL, &/i-A lidji^kal, adj. 530. Treat-
ing of morality.
ETIOLOGY, ^-t£-61£6-j£, S. An account of tht
causes of any thing, generally of a distemper.
ETIQUETTE, £t-£-ket£ s. 415. The polite form or
manner of doing any thing ; the ceremonial of good
manner*.
Jt5" This word crept into use some years after Johnson
wrote his Dictionary, nor have 1 found it in any other I
have consulted. I have ventured, however, to insert it
here, as it seems to be established; and as it is m re
spccifirk than ceremonial, it is certainly of use. Bourdelot
and Mr. Huet derive it from 2r<x^> ftifl"", stic/ictut,
stichctta, Etiquette : and this etymology seems natural.
ETUI, £t-w£j s. French. A case for tweezers and
such instruments.
ETYMOLOGICAL, £t 4-mA-16dji^-kal, adj. Re-
lating to etymology.
ETYMOLOGIST, £t-£-m&l-6-jlst, s. One who searches
out the original of words.
ETYMOLOGY, ^t-i-mol^A-j^, *. The descent or de-
rivation of a word from its original, the deduction of
formations from the radical word ; the part of grammar
which delivers the inflections of nouns and verbs.
To EVACATE, 4-vaikate, t>. a. To empty out, to
throw out.
To EVACUATE, A-vakiu-ate, v. a. To make emp-
ty, to clear ; to void by any of the excretory passages ;
to quit, to withdraw from out of a place.
EVACUANT, A-vikia-ant, s. Medicine that pro-
cures evacuation by any passage.
EVACUATION, £-vak-&-a'shun, *. Such emissions
as leave a vacancy ; discharge ; the practice of emptying
the body by physick : discharges of the body by "any
vent, natural or artificial.
To EVADE, e-vade,' v. a. To elude, to avoid ; to
escape or elude by sophistry.
To EVADE, £-vade/ v. n. To escape, to slip away ;
to practise sophistry or evasion.
EVAGATTON, £v-a-ga-sliu.n, *. The act of wander-
ing, deviation.
JO" I am well aware that this and the two following
words are often, by good speakers, pronounced with the
e in the first syllable long and open, but I think contrary
to that correctness which arises from general analogy,
•WO.
EVANESCENT, £v-a-n&is£nt, adj. Vanishing, im-
perceptible.
EVANGELICAL, ^v-Sn-j^l^e-kal, adj. Agreeable to
gospel, consonant to the Christian law revealed in the
holy gospel ; contained in the gospel.
EVANGELISM, ^-vanije-llzin, j. The promulga-
tion of the blessed gospel.
EVANGELIST, ^-van-je-llst, s. A writer of the
his:ory of our Lord Jesus ; a promulgator of the Chris-
tian laws.
To EVANGELIZE, £-vanijd lize, v. a. To instruct
in the gospel, or law of Jesus.
EVA.NID, e van-Id, adj. Faint, weak, evanescent
EVAPORABLE, i vap-A-ra-bl, adj. 405. Easily
dissipated in fumes or vapours
To EVAPORATE, ^-vap^o-rate, v. n. 91. To fly
away in fumes or vapours.
To EVAPORATE, ^-vap^A-rate, v a. To drive a-
way iii fumes; to give vent to; to let out in ebullition
or sallies.
EVAPORATION, £-vap-A-ra£sh&n, 5. The act of
flying away in fumes and vapours ; the act of attrnua
ti'ng matter, so as to make it name away ; in pharmacy,
an operation by which liquids are spent or driven away
in steams, so as to leave some part stronger than before.
EVASION, e-vaizli&ll, *. 49. Excuse, subterfuge^
scphistr , arutioe.
EVE 85 EUP
nJr 167, nit 163— tibe 171, tub 172, bull 173—511 299— pound 313— thin 46*7— Tms 469.
EVASIVE, e-va-slv, ad}. 158. 428. Practising eva-
sion, elusive ; containing an evasion, sophistical.
EUCHARIST, yh-ka-rist, s. 353. The act of giving
thanks, the sacramental act in which the death of our
Redeemer is commemorated with a thankful remem-
brance: the sacrament of the Lord's Supper.
EUCHARISTICAL, yu-ka ris-t^-kal, adj. Contain-
ing acts of thanksgiving ; relating to the sacrament of
the rfupper of the Lord.
EUCHOLOGY, yi k61-6-j<5, * A formulary of
prayers.
EuCRASY, yu-kra-s£, *. An agreeable, well-propor-
tioned mixture, whereby a body is in health.
EVE, ive, 7 J. The close of the day ; the vigil or
EVEN, £'vn, \
fast to be observed before a holiday
EVEN, £-vn, adj. 103. Level, not rugged j uni-
form, smooth ; equal on both sides ; without any thing
owed ; calm, not subject to elevation or depression ;
cap-ible to be divided into equal parts.
To EVEN, e-vn, ;;. a. To make even; to make
out of debt ; to make level.
EVEN, d-vn, adii. A word of strong assertion,
verily; supposing that ; notwithstanding.
EVEN HANDED, &vn-hanid£d, adj. Impartial,
equitable.
EVENING, ^vn-lng, s. The close of the day, the
beginning of night.
EVENLY, e£vn-£i, adv. Equally, uniformly ; smooth-
ly ; impartially, without favour or enmity.
EVENNESS, &vn-n$s, s. State of being even ; uni-
formity, regularity; equality of surface, levelness;
freedom from inclination to either side; calmness,
freedom from perturbation.
EVENTIDE, £-vn-tide, s. The time of evening.
EVENT, £-v£nt/ s. An incident, any thing that
happens ; the consequence of an action.
To EVENTERATE, 4-ven-td rate, v. a. To rip up,
to open the belly.
EVENTFUL, £ v£ntiful, adj. Full of incidents.
To EVENTILATE, t* v£nUe-late, v. a. To winnow,
to sift out; to examine, to discuss.
EVENTUAL, £-v£nitsh&-al, adj. Happening in
consequence of any thing, consequential.
EVENTUALLY, £-v£ni;shu-al-14, ado. In the e-
vent, in the last result.
EVER, &v'-iir, ado. 98. At any time ; at all times ;
forever; a word of enforcement, As soon as ever he
had done it ; it is often contracted into E'er.
Ev'ERBUBBLING, ^v-ur-bub-bling, adj. Boiling
up with perpetual murmurs.
EVERBURNING, 3v-ir-b&r-ning, adj. Unextin-
Ruished
EVERDURING, 6v-ur-du-rlng, adj. Eternal, en-
during without end.
EVERGREEN, dv-ur-grWn, adj. Verdant through-
out the year.
EVERGREEN, £vi&r-gn*tln, s. A plant that retains
its verdure through all the seasons.
Ev'ERHONdUREt), 6v ur-oiiinurd, adj. Always
held in honour.
EVERLASTING, 4 v-&r- lasting, adj. Lasting or
enduring without end, perpetual, imm >rtal.
EVERLASTING, dv-ur-las-tlng, s. Eternity.
EVERLASTINGLY, £v-&r-las-ting-le, adv. Eter-
nally, without end.
EVERLASTINGNESS, £v-ur-Ias-ting-n&, s. Eter-
nity, perpetuity
EVERLIVING, ev-&r-llvMng, adj. Living without
end.
EVERMORE, dv-fir-more,' adv. Always, eternally.
To E VERSE, ^-vdrse,' v- a. To overthrow, to sub-
vert.
To EVERT, e-vert/ v. a. To destroy.
EVERY, £viur-d, adj. Each one of all.
EVERYDAY, ^yiur-^-da, adj. U.ual, happening
every day.
EvESDROPPER, £vz- drop-pftr, s. Some mean fel-
low that skulks about the house in the night to listen.
To EvESTIGATE, £-vSs-ti-gate, v. a. To search
out.
EUGH, )65, s. A tree.
To EVICT, <*-v!kt,' v. a. To take away by a sen-
tence of law ; to prove.
EVICTION, £-vlk-sh&n, s. Dispossession or depri-
vation of a definitive sentence of a court of judicature ;
proof, evidence.
EVIDENCE, &v'-& ddnse, s. The state of being evi-
dent, clearness ; testimony, proof ; witness, one that
gives evidence.
2'o EVIDENCE, £v-4-d3i>se, r. a. To prove, to
nr-ike discovery of.
EVIDENT, £v-e-ddnt, adj. Plain, apparent, no-
torious,
EVIDENTLY, &v'-& d3nt-lt*, adv. Apparently, cer-
tainly.
EviL, e-vl, adj. 159. Having bad qualities of any
kind; wicked, corrupt; miserable; mischievous, de-
structive.
EviL, (*-vl, s. Wickedness, a crime ; injury, mis-
chief, malignity, corruption ; misfortune, calamity ;
malady, disease.
EviL, £-vl, adv. Not well in whatever respect ;
injuriously, not kindly..
EVILAFFECTED, £-vl-Sf-fgkit3d, adj. Not kind,
not disposed to kindness.
EVILDOER, e-vl-dS-ur, s. Malefactor.
EviLFAVOURED, i-vl-fa-v&rd, adj. Ill-counte-
nanced.
EviLFAVOUREDNESS, ^-vl-fa^v&rd-n^s, s. De-
formity.
EviLMINDED, e-vl-mind^d, adj. Malicious, mis-
chievous.
EviLNESS, <*'vl-n§s, s. Contrariety to goodness,
badness of wha ever kind.
EviLSPEAKING, £-vl spiking, *. Defamation,
calumny.
EviLwiSHING, £-vl .wishing, ttelj. Wishing evil
to, having no good will.
EviLWORKER, e-vl-wurk-ur, s. One who does ill.
To EVINCE, e-vinse,' v. a. To prove, to show.
EVINCIBLE, e-vlu-ie-bl, adj. Capable of proof,
demonstrable-
EviNCIBLY, ^-vln-se-ble, adv. In such a man-
ner as to force conviction.
To EVISCERATE, e-vis'sd-rate, v. a. Toembowel,
to deprive of the entrails.
EviTABLE, &v'-e ta-bl, adj. 405. Avoidable, that
may be escaped or shunned.
To EviTATE, £v-£-tate, v. a. To avoid, to shun.
EVITATION, ^v-^-ta^shun, s. 530. The act of a-
voidlng.
EULOGJUM, vu-lo-je &m,)
EULOGY, yiUA-j^ \ s- Praise' encomium.
EUNUCH, y6-nuk, i. One that is castrated.
EVOCATION, <5v-A-ka-sh&n, s. The act of calling out
EVOLATION, 3v-6-la'shun, s. 530. The act of
flying away.
To EVOLVE, e-vMv,' v. a. To unfold, to disentangle.
To EVOLVE, e-volv/ v. n. To open itself, to dis-
close iLself.
EVOLUTION, 5v-6-lu-shun, $. 530. The act of
unrolling or unfolding ; the series of things unrolled or
unfolded : in tacticks, the motion made by a. body of
men in changing their posture, or form of drawing up.
EVOMITION, £v 6-mlsli-&n, *. 530. The act of
omiting out.
EUPEPSY, yu-p£p-s£, *. A good concoction, an
easy digestion.
EUPEPTIC, yi-pOp-tik, adj. Easy of digestion.
EUPHONICAL, y&-f6u-ti-kal, a(tf. Sounding agree-
ably.
EXA
186
EXA
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81— mi 93, tnSt 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, more 164,
An
EUPHONY, yi-fii-ni, *. An agreeable sound, the
contrary to liarshmM.
Eu'PHORBiUM, yii-for-b£-&m, s. A plant, a gum.
EUPHRASY, yuifra-s£, s. 92. The herb Eyebright.
EURIPUS, yi-rl-p&s, ». (From Eurijnu Euboi-
cvt, that ebbs and flows seven times in a day.) Perpe-
tual fluctuation.
Et'ROCLYDON, yii-r&k-li-djn, j. A wind which
blows between East and North, very dangerous in the
Mediterranean.
EUROPEAN, yii-r6-p£-an, adj. Belonging to Eu-
rope.
5J> This word, according to the analogy of our own
language, ought certainly to have the accent on the se-
cond syllable; and this is the pronunciation which un-
lettered speakers constantly adopt ; but the learned, a-
shamed of the analogies of their own tongue, always place
the accent on the third syllable, because Eurcpaus, has
the penultimate long, and is therefore accented in Latin.
Epicurean has the accent on the same syllable by the same
rule ; while Herculean and Cerulean submit to English
analogy, and have the accent on the second syllable, be-
cause their penultimate in Latin is short.
EURUS, yu-rils, s. The east wind.
EUUYTHMY, yb-r\th-m&, s. Harmony, regular and
symmetrical measure.
EUTHANASIA, yii </ian-a-zh£-a,
EUTHANASY, y&'l/ian^&.s^, 92. 453.
easy death.
fcjf Of the accent of the first of these words, there can
be no dispute ; but as the last is anglicised, its accent ad-
mits of some diversity of opinion. Mr. Sheridan, Dr.
Keurick, Dr. Ash, Entick, Barclay, Bailey, and the first
editions of Dr. Johnson, accent the last of these word: on
the antepenultimate, but the quarto edition of Johnson
on the penultimate: I suspect, however, if we were strict-
ly to follow our own analogy, that we ought to place the
accent on the first syllable; for as this termination is not
enclitical, M", it seems to be under the same predicament
as Academy, Irreparable, &c. which see.
EVULGATION, £v-ul-ga^shin, «. The act of di-
vulging.
EVULSION, & vul-sh&n, *. The act of plucking out.
EWE, yu, s. 268. The she sheep.
JC5* There is a vulgar pronunciation of this word, a* i:
written yoe, which must be carefully avoided.
EWER, yu-ur, s. 98. A vessel in which water is
brought for washing the hands.
EWRY, yu-re, 3. An office in the king's household
where they take care of the linen for the king's table.
Ex, 3ks, or dgz. A Latin preposition often prc
fixed to compound words : sometimes meaning out, a
ejcliaust, to draw out.
&5* The or in this inseparable preposition is, with re-
spect to sound, under the same predicament as the * in
Dls ; which see, 42.5.
To EXACERBATE, £gz-as££r-bate, v. a. To 1m
bitter, to exasperate.
EXACERBATION, £gz-as-£r-ba-shun, s. Increase
of malignity, augmented force or severity.
ExACERVATION, &gz-as-s£r-va^shun, j. The ac
cf heaping up.
EXACT, £gz-akt,' adj. 478. Nice; methodical ; ac
curate ; honest, strict, punctual.
To EXACT, Sgz-ikt,' V. a. To require authorita
lively ; to demand of right.
To EXACT, £gz-akt,' v. n. To practise extortion.
ExACTER, £gz-ak-t&r, 5. 98. Extortioner, on
who claims more than his due ; one who is severe i
his injunctions or his demands.
EXACTION, £gz-akt-shun, $. Extortion, unjust de
mand ; a toll, a tribute severely levied.
EXACTLY, £gz-akt-lti, adv. Accurately, nicely.
EXACTNESS, £gz-aktin5s, s. Accuracy, nicety
regularity of conduct, strictness of manners.
To EXAGGERATE, £gz-adjt£4-rate, v. a. T
heighten by representation.
{£5» This word is sometimes heard with the double =
ham, as in dagger ; but every one who has a scrap of LJ
ti-i knows, that exaggerate conies from exag^era, an
that all words from tlutt language have tlief toll before
nd i ; the third syllable, therefore, must have the^- soft,
ut it will be said, that, according to the laws of pronun
ation, the first g ought to be hard, as the first c is in
acrid, liccUy, &c. To whieh it may be answered, that,
ric-tly sneaking, it ought to be so ; but polite usage has
o fixed the first as well as the last £• in the soft sound,
lat none but a confirmed pedant would have the bold-
ess to pronounce them differently.
This usage too we find is not without all foundation in
nalogy. Wherever there is a considerable difficulty in
eeping sounds separate, they will infallibly run into
ach other. This is observable in the sound of t, which,
irhen final, always adopts the sound of * when a flat con-
onant precedes, 434 ; the first * likewise in the termina-
ons teuton, mission, &c. necessarily runs into the sound
t' ifi like the last 3; but it may be said that the first g in
xaggeratt has no such relation to the second as i has to
A ; and that this very difference between the two cpnso-
ants makes us preserve the first c in Jlaccid and ticcity
n its hard sound of k, which is perfectly distinct from the
ther sound of c, which is nothing more than t. To this
t can only be replied by way of mitigation, that hard g
nd soft g or j are formed nearer together in the mouth
ban hard c or k and soft c or t ; and therefore, as they
re more liable to coalesce, their coalescence is more ex-
usable.
EXAGGERATION, 5gz-adje-£-ra£shun, $. The act
of heaping together ; hyperbolical amplification.
To EXAGITATE. £gz-adjt^-tate, v. a. To shake,
to put in motion.
EXAGIT ATION, £gz-adje-4-ta£shun, 5. The act ol
shaking.
To EXALT, £gz-alt/ v. a. To raise on high ; to
elevate to power, wealth, or dignity ; to elevate to joy
or confidence; to praise, to extol, to magnify ; to ele-
vate in diction or sentiment.
EXALTATION, £gz al-ta^sh&n, s. The act of rais-
ing on high ; elevation in power or dignity ; most ele-
vated state, state of greatness or dignity.
EXAMEN, igz-a-m&n, S. 5O3. Examination, dis-
quisition.
EXAMINATE, 2gz ain^d-nate, s. The person ex-
amined.
EXAMINATION, £gz-am-£ na-shfin, s. The act ol
examining by questions, or experiment.
EXAAIINATOE, £gz-am^-na-tuT, s. 521. An ex-
aminer, an inquirer.
To EXAMINE, £gz-am-ln, v. a. 140. To try a
person accused or suspected by interrogatories ; to in-
terrogate a witness ; to try the truth or falsehood of any
proposition ; to try by experiment, to narrowly sift, U)
scan ; to make inquiry into, to search into, to scruti-
nize.
EXAMINER, £gz-am^-n&r, f. One who interro-
gates a criminal or evidence ; one who searches or tries
any thing.
EXAMPLE, £gz-am£pl, *. 478. Copy or pattern,
that which is proposed to be resembled; precedent,
former instance of the like ; a person fit to be proposed
as a pattern ; one punished for the admonition of fl-
itters ; instance in which a rule is illustrated by an ap-
plication.
EXANGUIOUS, £k-sangigw£-&s, adj. Having no
blood. — See Exiecate.
EXANIMATE, £gz an-£-mate, adj. Lifeless, dead ;
spiritless, depressed.
EXANIMATION, £gz-an-£-ma-shfrn, s. Depriva-
tion of life.
EXANIMOUS, £gz-ani£-mus, adj. Lifeless, dead,
killed.
EXANTHEMATA, £ks-an-//t3mia-ta, s. Eruptions,
pustules.
EXANTHEMATOUS, £ks-an-//j£mia-t&s, adj. Pus-
tulous, eruptive.
To EXANTLATE, 5gz-antilate, v. a. To draw
out ; to exhaust, to waste away.
EXANTLATION, £ks-ant-la-sh&n, *. The act of
drawing out.
EXARTICL'LATION, £ks-ar-tlk-fi-laishun, s. Th«
dislocation of a joint.
To EXASPERATE, £gz-asip£r-ate, v. a. To pro-
voke, toen;age, to irritate; to heighten a different*
to aggravate, 10 imbiitwr.
EXC
187
EXC
167, nit 163 — tfcbe 171, tfib 172, bfill 173 — oil 299 — pflfind 313 — th'm 466 — THii 469.
EXASPERATER, £gz-asip£r-a tur, j. He that ex-
asperates or provokes.
EXASPERATION, £gz-as-p4 riisli&n, s. Aggra-
vation, malignant representation ; provocation, irrita-
tion.
To EXAUCTORATE, Sgz-awk-t6-rate, v. a. To
dismiss from service j to deprive of a benefice.
EXAUCTORATION, £gz-awk-to-raish(ln, s. Dis-
mission from service; deprivation, degradation.
EXCANDESCENCE, £ks-kan-d£s-s£nse, 510. 7
EXCANDESCKNCY, 5ks kan-d£s£s£n-sd, $
Heat, the state of growing hot ; anger, the state of
growing angry.
EXCANTATION, £ks-kan-taish&n, S. Disenchant-
ment by a counter charm.
To EXCARNATE, £ks-karinate, v. a.
from flesh.
To EXCHANGE, 5ks-tshanje,' v, a. To give or
quit one tiling for the sake of gaining another; to give
and take reciprocally.
EXCHANGE, £ks-tshanje,' s. The act of giving
and receiving reciprocally; barter; the balance of the
money of different nations; the place where the mer-
chants meet to negotiate their affairs.
EXCHANGER, £ks-tshan-j&r, *. One who practises
exchange.
EXCHEQUER, £ks tsh£k-&r, s. The court to which
are brought all the revenues belonging to the crown.
EXCISE, £k-slze/ s. A fax levied upon commodi-
ties.
To EXCISE, £k-slze/ v. a. To levy excise upon a
person or thing.
_: EXCISEMAN, ek-size-man, s. 88. An officer who
lo clear
ms|>ects commodities, and rates their excise.
EXCARNIFICATJON, 3ks-kar-n£-f£-kaish&n, ».
The act of taking away the flesh.
To EXCAVATE, 2ksika-vate, v. a. To hollow, to
cut into hollows.
EXCAVATION, 3ks ka-va->li&n, *. The act of cut-
ting into hollows; the hollow formed, the cavity.
To EXCEED, £k-s«^d,' v. a. To go beyond, to out-
go ; to excel, to surpass.
To EXCEED, £k-se£d/ v. n. To go too far, to
pass the bounds of fitness ; to go beyond any limits ; to
bear the greater proportion.
EXCEEDING, £k-se<yding, part. a<g. Great in
quantity, extent, or duration.
EXCEEDINGLY, £k-s£&ding-l£, adv. To a great
degree.
To EXCEL, 2k-s£l,' v. a. To outgo in good quali-
ties, to surpass.
To EXCEL, 3k-s£l/ v. n. To have good qualities
in a great degree.
EXCELLENCE, 3kis£l-l£nse,
EXCELLENCY, £k£s£l-l£n-s£,
Dignity, high
rank; the state of excelling in any thing; that in which
one excels ; a title of honour, usually applied to ambas-
sadors and governors.
EXCELLENT, £k£s4l-l£nt, adj. Of great virtue, of
great worth, of great dignity ; eminent in any good
quality.
EXCELLENTLY, ik£s£l-l£nt-l£, adv. Well in a
high degree ; to an eminent degree.
To EXCEPT, 5k-s£pt,' v. a. To leave out, and
specify as left out of a general precept or position.
To EXCEPT, £k-S§pt^ V. n. To object, to make ob-
jections.
EXCEPT, £k-s£pt,' prep. Exclusively of, without
inclusion of; unless.
EXCEPTING, £k-sdp-tlng, prey}. Without inclu-
sion of, with exception of.
EXCEPTION, £k-s£pish&n, ». Exclusive from the
things comprehended in a precept or position ; thing
executed, or specified in exception ; objection, cavil ;
peevish dislike, offence taken.
EXCEPTIONABLE, £k-s3p-shfrn-a-bl, adj. Liable
to objection.
ExcEPTIOUS, £k s£p£sh&s, adj. Peevish, froward,
EXCEPTIVE, £k-s£pi-tlv, adj. Including an excep-
tion.
EXCEPTLESS, £k-s£pt-l£s, adj. Omitting or ne-
glecting all exceptions.
EXCKPTOR, 5k-s£p-t&r, s. 166. Objector.
To ExcERN, £k-s£rn/ v. a. To strain out, to se-
EXCISION, £k-slzhi&n, s. 451. Extirpation, de-
struction.
EXCITATION, £k-s£-ta£sh&n, s. The act of excit-
ing or putting into motion.
To EXCITE, Ik-site/ v. at To rouse, to animate,
to stir up, to encourage.
EXCITEMENT, Ik-sitt-im^nt, s. The motive b>
which one is stirred up.
EXCITER, £k-sl-t&r, s. One that stirs up others,
or puts them in motion.
To EXCLAIM, 5ks-klame/ v. n. To cry out with
vehemence, to make an outcry.
EXCLAMATION, £ks-kla-rna£sh&n, s. Vehement
outcry, clamour, outrageous vociferation ; an empha-
tical utterance; a note by which a pathetical sentence
is marked, thus (!)
EXCLAIMER, £ks-kla-m&r, s. One that makes ve-
hement outcries.
EXCLAMATORY, &ks-klam£a-t&r-£, adj. 51 2, 557.
Practising exclamation ; containing exclamation.
To EXCLUDE, £ks-klhdc£ v. a. To shut out ; to
debar, to hinder from participation ; to except.
EXCLUSION, £ks-kl&£sh&n, s. The act of shut-
ting out ; the act of debarring from any privilege ; ex«
ception; the dismission of the young from the egg or
womb.
EXCLUSIVE, £ks-klWslv, adj. 1 58. 428. Having
the power of excluding or denying admission; debar-
ring from participation ; not taking into any account
or number, excepting
EXCLUSIVELY, £ks.klft-s!v-l£, adv. Without ad-
mission of another to participation ; without compre-
hension in any account or number.
To EXCOCT, ^ks-k&kt/ r. a. To boil up.
To EXCOGITATE, £ks-k&dje£<*-tate, v. a. To in-
vent, to strike out by thinking.
To EXCOMMUNICATE, £ks kim-rnWn^-kate, v. a,
To eject from the communion of the visible church by
an ecclesiastical censure.
Some smatterers in elocution are trying to pro-
parate or emit by strainers.
EXCERPTION, 5k-s£rp-sh&n,
s. The act of glean-
ing, selecting ; the thing gleaned or selected
EXCESS, £k-s£s,' s. More than enough, superfluity ;
intemperance, unreasonable indulgence ; transgression
of due limit*.
EXCESSIVE, 3k-s&>£slv, adj. Beyond the common
proportion of quantity or bulk ; vehement beyond mea-
sure in kindness or dislike.
EXCESSIVELY, 4k s^s^sIv-14, adv. Exceedingly,
eminently.
nounce this word with the accent on the second syllable,
and thus leave the three last syllables unaccented ; as if
harshness and difficulty of pronunciation were the tests of
propriety. The next word will admit of the accent on
this syllable, as another must be placed on the fifth ; but
if a secondary accent be necessary, it ought to be rather
on the first syllable, 522.
EXCOMMUNICATION, £ks-k&m-miu-n£-ka-3h&n,
I. An ecclesiastical interdict, exclusion from the fel-
lowship of the church.
To EXCORIATE, £ks-koir^-ate, t>. a. To flay, to
strip off the skin.
EXCORIATION, £ks-kA-r£-a-sh(in, s. Lou of skin,
privation of skin, the art of flaying.
EXCORTICAT.W, £ks kor-t^-ka'sh&n, s. Pull-
ing the bark off any thing.
EXCREMENT, 2ks£kr4-rn£nt, S. That which i«
thrown nut as useless from the natural passages of the
body.
EXCREMENTAL, £ks-kr£-m£nital, adj. That U
voided as excrement.
EXCREMENTITIOUS, £ks-kr£-m£n-t1sh-&s, atlj.
« mtaining excrements, consisting of matter excreted
*n>m the body.
EXE
rss
EXH
13- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fat 81— m^ 93,
EXCRESCENCE, £ks-kr&>is£nse, ^ L
EXCRESCENCY, £ks-kr£s£s£n-s£, }
what growing out of another without use, and contrary
to the common order of pnxlurtion.
EXCRESCENT, &ks-krfeis£nt, odj. That grows out
of another with preternaturaf superfluity.
EXCRETION, £ks-kre£shfrn, S. Separation of ani-
mal substance.
EXCRETIVE, eksi-kri-tlv, adj. Having the power
of ejec< ing excrements.
EXCRETORY, £ksikp<*-t&r.£, adj. Having the
quality of separating and" ejecting superfluous parts.—
For o, see Domestick.
EXCRUCTABLE, £ks-kr33ish£ a-bl, adj. ijabte to
torment.
To EXCRUCIATE, ^ks-kroo^shi ate, v. a. 542.
To torture, to torment.
EXCUBATION, eks-ku-ba^shfin, s. The act of
watching all night
To EXCULPATE, £ks-kul-|>ate, v. a. To clear
from the imputation of a fault.
EXCURSION, ^ks-kfir^sJiun, *. The act of deviat-
ing from the stated or settled path ; an expedition into
some distant part ; digresswm.
EXCURSIVE, eks-k&r^slv, 'adj. 157. Rambling,
wandering, deviating.
EXCUSABLE, £ks-ki-za-bl, adj. Pardonable.
EXCUSABLF.NESS, eks-fcft-za bl-nefe, 5. Pardon-
nbleness, capability to oe excuse*!.
EXCUSATION, £ks-ku-zaishun, 3. Excuse, plea,
apology.
EXCUSATORY, £ks-ku-za-tfrr-£, adj. 512. Plead-
ing excuse, apologet ical. — For the o, see Domestick.
To EXCUSE, eks kiize^ v. a. 437. To extenuate
bv apology; to disenpage from an obligation ; to remit,
not to exact ; to pardon by allowing an apology ; to
throw ofF imputation by a feigned apology.
EXCUSE, £ks ku3e,' *. Plea offered io extenuation,
apology ; the act of excusing ; cause for which one is
excused.
EXCUSELESS, eks-k6aey£s, adj. That for which
no excuse can lie piven.
EXCUSER, eks-ki>£zur, s. One who pleads for an-
other; one who forghes anoth r.
To EXCUSS, &ks-k&s^ v. a. To seize and detain by taw.
EXCUSSION, £ks ku^hi&n, *, Seizure by law.
EXECRABLE, &is£-krtl bt, adj. 4O5. Hateful,
detestable, accursed.
EXECRABLY, ek^se-kra-bl^, adv. Cursedly, a-
bominably.
To EXECRATE, Ik^se-krate, v. a. To curse, to
imprecate ill upon.
EXECRATION, ek-s£-kra£sh&n, 4. Curse, impreca-
tion of evil.
To EXECUTE, ek^-kfite, r. a. To put Into act,
to do what is planned ; to put to death according to
form of justice.
EXECUTION, &k -se-kuishftn, s. Performance, prac-
tice ; the last act of the law in civil causes, by which
possession is given of body or goods; capital punish
men t ; death inflicted by forms of law ; destruction,
slaughter.
EXECUTIONER, £k-s£-kuish&n 6r, *. He that
puts in act, or executes ; he that inflicts capital punish-
ment
EXECUTIVE, e<rz-ek-ii tlv, adj. 478. Having the
quality of executing or performing; active, not deli-
berative, not legislative, having ihe power to put in act
the laws.
EXECUTOR, egz-^k-u-t&r, s. 166. He that is m-
tru-tcd to perform the will of a testator.
J^r- When this word signifies one who performs any
thmn in general, the accent is on the same syllabic as oil
t> ••• vib to Kxecttte.
Lx; cuTORY, &gz-£k'u-to-re, adj. Performing
ntl.cia) duties.
EXKCUTORSHIP, £gz-£k£u t&r ship, s. The office
of him that is appointed to perform ilie will of the de-
funct.
m5t *>5 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, mo»e 164,
EXECUTRIX, £gz-C'kift-triks, j A woman instruct-
ed to perfonji the will of the testator.
EXEGESIS, £ks e-.je'-sis, 3. 478. 52O. An explana-
tion.
ExE&ETICAL, ^ks-e-j&t^e-kal, adj. Explanatory,
expository.
EXEMPLAR, §gz-&niplar, ». 88. A pattern, a*
example to be imitated.
EXEMPLARII.Y, £gz££m-plir e-lt*, adv. In such
a manner as deserves imitation; in such a manner as
may warn others.
EXEMPLARINESS, £gzi£in-pla.r-i.n!s, * State of
standing as a pattern to be copied.
EXEMPLARY, egziifm-pfar-e, adj. Such as may
deserve to be proposed to irritation ; such as may give
warning to others.
JC5» I have given the first syllable of this word, and tlie
substantive and adverb formed from it, the flat sound of
x, directly contrary to analogy, because I think it agreeabte
to the best usage; and in thisease, analogy must be silent,
though 1 think it ought to b»a silence of complaisance
rather than of consent, 42.i. 478.
EXEMPLIFICATION, £gz ^m-ple-fti-ki-sh&n, &
A copy, a transcript ; an illustration by example
To EXEMPLIFY, £gz £m-pte -fl, v. a. 183. T»
illustrate by example ; to transcribe, to copy.
To EXEMPT, £gz-£mt^ v. a. 412. To privilege,
to grant immunity from.
EXEMPT, £gz-§mt? adj. Free by privilege ; not
. subject, not liable to.
EXEMPTION, £gz-£rn-sh&n, j. immunity, prifi-
, lege, freedom from imposts.
EXEMPTITIOUS, £gz-£m-t1sh'&s, adj. Separable,
that may be taken from another.
To EXENTERATE, £gz-4n-t£r ate, v. a. To cm-
, bowel ; to deprive of the entrails.
EXENTERATION, igz-£ii-t£r-aisrran, 3. The act
of taking out the bowels, embowt f in«.
EXEQUIAL, $gz-&kwi al, adj. Relating to fyne»-
rals.
EXEQUIES, ^ks^-kwlz, ». (without a singular.)
Funeral rites, the ceremony of 'burial.
EXEKCENT, £gz-£r^s&nt, adj. Practising, follow-
ing any calling.
EXERCISE, ^ks^r-slse, * 478. Labour of the
body for health or amusement ; preparatory practice in
order to skill : practice, outward performance ; t;.AT
that which one rs appomteti to perfortn ; act of di\ m&
worship, whether publick or private.
To EXERCISE, £ksi£r-size, v. a. To employ ; to
train by use to any act ; to task, to keep employed as a
penal injunction ; to practise or use in order to Habitual
skill.
To EXERCISE, £ks^£r-size, v. n. To use exercise,
to labour for health.
EXERCISER, eks^r-sl-z&r, s. He that directs or
uses exercise.
EXERCITATION, ^gz-^r-se-ta-sli&n, s. Exercise ;
practice, use.
To EXERT, £gz ^rt^ v. a. 4'iS. To use with an
effort ; to put forth, to perform.
EXERTION, egz-erishan, s. The act of exerting,
effort.
EXESION, egz-e-zhvin, s. The art of eating through.
EXESTUATION, ^gz-^s-tshu a-shtin, s. The state
of boiling.
To EXFOLIATE, £ks-f6Me ate, »-. n. To shell OB;
as a corrupt bone from the sound part.
EXFOLIATION, £ks-fo-le-a^shun, a. The process
by which the corrupted part of the bone separate* i',om
the sound.
EXFOLIATIVE, ^ks f(We-a-tlv, adj. That ha*
power of procuring exfoliation.
ExHALABLE, ^gz-ha-la-bl, adj. 405. That ir.aj
be evaporated.
EXHALATION, £ks-ha-la-shun, s. The act of ex-
haling or sending out in vapours ; the state of ovapot-
ating ot fljir.g out in vapours; that which rises m v*.
pours.
EXI
189
EXO
nor lf>7, not 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — oil 299 — po&nd 313 — thin 466— THIS 469.
To EXHALE, Sgz-hali',' t>. a. 478. to send or
draw out vapours or fumes.
JCj" Though the ablest grammarians (Beaumie Gram-
maire Generate, torn, 1. p. t'6.) have determined H to be
k consonant, they have not decided whether it belongs to
the flat or sharp class. If we consult our ear when we
•place an unaccented x before it, we shall judge it belongs
to the former, as the x in this situation generally slides
. into gz.
EXHALEMENT, 3gz-haleim£nt, s. Matter exhaled,
vapour.
To EXHAUST, £gz-hawst/ v. a. 425. To drain,
to dimmish ; to draw out totally, to draw out till no-
thing is left.
EXHAUSTION, £gz-haws-tsh?m, j. 464. The act
of drawing out, or draining. .
EXHAUSTLESS, £gz-blwst-lSs, a'dj. Not to be
emptied, inexhaustible.
To EXHIBIT, £gz-hlb-!t, v. a. 478. To offer to
view or use, to offer or propose; to show, to display.
ExHIBITER, £gz-lilb9t-ur, s. He that offers any
thing.
EXHIBITION, &ks-ii4-blsh-&n, i. The act of exhi-
biting, display, setting forth; an allowance in universi-
ties for the maintenance of scholars who are not upon
the foundation.
To EXHILARATE, £gz hllia-rate, v. a. To make
cheerful, to fill with mirth.
EXHILARATION, &gz hll-a-raifehfm, s. The act of
giving gaiety ; the state of being enlivened.
To EXHORT, £gz-hort,' v. a. To incite by words
to any good action.
EXHORTATION, £ks-hor-ta-sh&n, j. The act of
exhorting, incitement to good ; the form of words by
which one is exhorted.
EXHORTATIVE, £gz-liSr-ta-t1v, adj. Tending to
exhortation, containing exhortation.
EXHORT ATORY, £gz horitA-ttir-^, adj. 512.
Tending to exhort — For the last «, see Domcstick.
EXHORTER, £gz-h6r-t&r, 5. One who exhorts.
To EXiCCATE, £k-s^k-kate, v. a. To 'dry.
fcf The first syllable of this word (strictly speaking)
ought to be pronounced according to the rule laid down
•under the preposition Kx: but in this pronunciation we
totally lose the sha:
ticco, to dry ; of
s which commences the Latin word
ich this word is compounded ; and
thus the sound of the word is radically injured, and its
etymology lost. But it will be said, the Latins made the
same excision of the radical t on account of the coinci-
dence which the s contained in the x of the preposition,
and wrote the word exicco. It is allowed these corrup-
tions obtained amongst them, as amongst us; though it is
doubtful whether the same inconvenience arose amongst
them in this word as with us ; for Vossius makes it high-
ly probable that the Latins never gave the flat sound egz
to the letter x ; and the best manuscripts inform us, that
writing this word with an *, as exsicco, and thus preserv-
ing the composition distinct and perfect, is the most ac-
curate orthography.
EXICCATION, £k-slk- kaislv&n, s. Act of drying
up, state of being dried up.
ExiCCATIVE, £k-sikika-tlv, adj. 512. Drying in
quality.
EXIGENCE, §kis£-j£nse, )
T^ ji r A -i A f *• Demand, want,
EXIGENCY, ek-se-jen-se, }
need; pressing necessity, distress, sudden occasion.
EXIGENT, £k£se-j£nt, s. Pressing business, occa-
sion that requires immediate help.
EXIGUITY,
tiveness.
EXIGUOUS,
little.
EXILE, £ks-lle, s. Banishment, state of being ban-
ished; the person banished.
ft5* This word, as a substantive, nas the accent always
on the first syllable ; as a verb, it was formerly accented
on either syllable ; but it is now, as Mr. Nares observes,
universally accented as the noun.
EXILE, eg-zile,' adj. 478. Small, slender, not full.
<$. Sraallncss, diminu-
-Ig-i us, adj. Small, diminutive,
his word, as an adjective, derived from the La-
tin exilis, is by Nares, Sheridan, Ash, and Kntiuk, ac-
dented on the la*t syllable. Til's third edition of John-
son's folio edition has the accent on the last also ; but th«
quarto edition has it on the first. Authority is i-ertainly
on the side of the ultimate accent ; but it may be ques-
tioned whether it is not contrary to a>ialopy, for the )ie-
nultimate t being long in Latin has no fecessary influ-
ence on the English word, any more than it has on hos-
tile, servile, &c. See Principles, No. 140
To EXILE, £g-zlk,' v. a. 492. To banish, to drive
from a country.
EXILEMENT, £g z1k'rfl5nt, s. Banishment.
EklLITION, £k$-d-iish-Cm, s. Slenderness, small.
ness.
ExiMIOUS, &g-zlrrW-us, adj. Famous, eminent.
To EXIST, £g zlst,' v. n. 478. To be, to have a
being.
EXISTENCE, £2- zlb-t£ns
•EXISTENCY, 4^^,,-
actual possession of being.
'EXISTENT, £g-zls-t5rit, adj. In being, in posses-
sion of being.
EXISTIMATION, £g-zls-t£.ma<sh!&n, s. Opinion ;
esteem.
EXIT, £ks-It, s. The terfri set in the margin of
plays to mark the time at which the player goes oft';
de|iarturc, act of quitting the theatre of life.
ExiTIAL, £gz-lsh-yal, 113. 7 adj. Destructive,
ExiTIOUS, Igz-lsh-y&s, 5 *»tal» mortal.
EXODUS, £ks-6-d&s, ?
EXODY,
place ; the second Ixxik of Moses is so called, because
it describes the journey of the Israelites from Egypt.
EXOLETE, 3ks-6-l£te, adj. Obsolete, out of use.
To EXOLVE, £gz-ilv,' t>. a. To loose, unbind ; to
free Irom a debt.
EXOMPHALOS, £gz-omi.fa-16s, 5. A navel rup-
ture.
To EXONERATE, £gz-&ni£r-ate, v. a. To unload,
to disburden.
EXONERATION, %z-5n '&r-!-sh'ftn, s. The act o«
disburdening.
EXCITABLE, £gz-opUa-bl, adj. Desirable, to be
sought with eagerness or desire.
EXORABLE, £ks-6-ri-bl, adj. 405. To*be moved
by entreaty.
EXORBITANCE, 5gz-orib£-tanse, 7
EXORBITANCY, £g7.-Srib«Uan-s(i, $ * Enormity»
gross deviation from rule or right; extravagant de-
mand ; boundless depravity.
EXORBITANT, £gz-6r-bi^-tant, adj. Enormous,
beyond due proportion, excessive.
To EXORCISE, £ks4>r- size, v. a. To adjure by
some holy name; to drive away bv certain forms of ad-
juration; to purify from the influence of malignant
. spirits.
EXORCISER, 3ks£Sr-sl-zfrr, 4. One who practises to
drive away evil spirits.
EXORCISM, £ksior-slzm, s. The form of adjura-
tion, or religious ceremony, by which evil and malig-
nant spirits are driven away.
EXORCIST, £ks^or-skt, s. One who by adjurations,
prajers, or religious acts, drives away malignant spirits.
EXORDIUM, ijgZ-dltcU4mi, s. A formal preface,
the proemial part of a composition.
EXOUNATION, 3ks-or-nAishfrn, s. Ornament, de-
coration, embellishment.
EXOSSATED, £gz-6s£sa-t&l, adj. Deprived of bone*.
ExossEOUS, £gz-6sh-she-&s, adj. Wanting bones,
boneless.
EXOSTOSIS, £ks-os-tiisls, S. 520. Any protuber-
ance ot a bone that is not natural.
Jf^> 1 have in the accentuation of this word differed
from Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, and Dr. A>h, and have
adhered to a Medical Dictionary, which places the accent
regularly on the penultimate.
ExoTERICK, eks-A-t^ri-ik, adj. Belonging to the
lectures of Aristotle on rhetorlck, and the more super-
ficial parts of learning, which any one had liberty to
hear ; as opposed to the more serious parts of doctrine
EXP
190
EXP
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fAtSl — m49S,m£t95 — pine 105, pin 107 -nA 16S,mArr, 1M(
and instructions, to which none but his friends were ad-
mitted.
ExOTICK, £gz-&t-lk, adj. Foreign, not produced
in our own country.
To EXPAND, £k-S|>and,' v. a. To spread, to Jay
open as a net or sheet; to dilate, to spread out every
way.
EXPANSE, £k spinse,' s. A body widely extended
without inequalities.
EXPANSIBILITY, £k-span-s£-blW-t£, s. Capacity
of extension, possibility to be expanded.
EXSPANSIBLE, £k-span-se bl, adj. Capable to be
extended.
EXPANSION, £ks-panish&n, s. The ftate of being
expanded into a wider surface ; the act of spreading
out; extent; pure space.
EXPANSIVE, eks-pan^slv, adj. 428. Having the
power to spread into a wider surface.
To EXPATIATE, £k-spa£sh^-ate, ». n. 542.
range at large ; to enlarge upon in language.
To EXPECT, £k-sp£kt,' v. a. To have a previous
To
apprehension of either good or evil ; to wait for, to at-
tend the coming.
EXPECTABLE, ek-sp£kUA-bl, adj. To be expected.
EXPECTANCE, ik-spgkitanse, 7
EXPECTANCY, ac.spakitln.s4, $ fc Tbe act °r
state of expecting ; something expected ; hope.
EXPECTANT, £k-spfik-tint, adj. Waiting in ex-
pectation.
EXPECTANT, ?k-sp£kitant, s. One who waiu in
expectation of any thing.
EXPECTATION, £k-spek-taish&n, s. The act of
expecting; the state of expecting either with hope or
fear, prospect of any thing good to come; a state in
which something excellent is expected from us.
ExPECTER, £k-spd-k£tur, .T. One who has hopes
of something ; one who waits for another.
To EXPECTORATE, £ks-p£kitA-rate, v. a. To
ject from the breast.
EXPECTORATION, £ks.p£k-t6-ra-sh&n, *. The
act of discharging from the breast ; the discharge which
is made by coughing.
EXPECTORATIVE, £ks-p£k£tA-ra-tlv, adj. 512.
Fit
ness, propriety, suitableness to an end ; expedition, ad-
venture ; haste, despatch.
EXPEDIENT, Iks- peidi4nt, or ^x-p&jA^nt, adj.
293. Proper, fit, convenient, suitable; quick, expe-
ditious.
EXPEDIENT, £ks-p£id£-£nt, *. That which helps
forward, as means to an end ; a shift, means to an end
contrived in an exigence.
EXPEDIENTLY, £ks-p4id<l.3nt-l£, adv. Fitly, suit-
ably, conveniently ; hastily, quickly.
To EXPEDITE, £ks£p4-dlte, v. n. To facilitate, to
free from impediment ; to hasten, to quicken ; to de-
spatch, to issue from a publick office.
EXPEDITE, 3ks£p4-dlte, adj. Quick, hasty, soon
performed ; easy, disencumbered, clear ; nimble, ac-
tive, agile; light armed.
EXPEIMTELY, £ks£p£-dite.lA, adv. With quick-
ness, readiness, haste.
EXPEDITION, 3ks p4-dlsh-&n, *. Haste, speed,
activity; a march or voyage with martial intention*.
EXPEDITIOUS, £ks p^-tllshi&s, ai(j. Sj«edy, quick,
swift.
To EXPEL, 3ks-p£V v. a. To drive out, to force
away ; to banish, to drive from the place of residence.
EXPELLER, eks-pel-lur, t. One that expels or
drives away.
To EXPEND, £ks-p£nd,' v. a. To lay out, to spend.
EXPENSE, £ks-p£nse,' *. Cost, charges, money ex-
pended
EXPENSEFUL, 3ks-p£nseifl&l, ai\j. Costly, charge
able
EXPENSIVE, £ks-p£n£slv, adj. 428. Given toe«-
pense, extravagant, luxurious ; costly, requiring ex
pense.
EXTENSIVELY, £ks-pln£slv-l£, adv. With great
expense.
EXPENSIVENESS, £ks-p3nislv-n£s, *. Addiction
to expense, extravagance ; costliness.
EXPERIENCE, £ks-p£ir£-£nse, s. Practice, fre-
quent trial ; knowledge gained by trial and practice.
To EXPERIENCE, £ks-p&r&-4nse, v. a. To try,
to practise ; to know by practice.
EXPERIENCED, Iks-p^ni-^nst, part. adj. Made
skilful by experience; wise by long practice.
EXPERIENCER. £ks-p&r£-£rt-sfir, s. One who
makes trial ; a practiser of experiments.
EXPERIMENT, £ks-p5ri4.m£nt, j. Trial of any
thing, something done in order to discover an uncertain
or unknown effect.
EXPERIMENTAL, 5ks-p£r £-m$nitll, adj. Per-
taining to experiment ; built upon experiment; known
by experiment or trial.
EXPERIMENTALLY, £ks-p£r-£-m£nitAl-£, adv. By
experience, by trial.
EXPERIMENTER, £ks-p5r^e-m£n-tir, «. one who
makes experiments.
EXPERT, 4ks-p£rt,' adj. Skilful, ready, dexterous.
EXPERTLY, £ks-p4rt-l£, adv. In a skilful leady
manner.
EXPERTNESS, £ks-p£rt-n£s, *. Skill, readiness.
EXPIABLE, 2ksip£-a-bl, adj. 405. Capable to be
expiated.
To EXPIATE, £ks-p£-ate, v. a. 9O- To annul the
puilt of a crime by sulwcqucnt nets of piety, to atoiw
for ; to avert the threats of prodigies.
EXPIATION, £ks p^ a^sh&n, $. The act of expiat-
ing or atoning for any crime ; the means by which we
atone for crimes, atonement ; piactiees by which omi-
nous prodigies were averted.
EXPIATORY, £ksi|>£-a-t&r-£, adj. 512. Having
the power of expiation. — For the o, see Dometliclc.
ExPILATION, £ks-pWaishun, *. Rohbcry.
EXPIRATION, Sks-pi-ra'sh&n, s. The act of res-
piration which thrusts the air out of the lungs ; the last
emission of breath, death ; evaporation, act of fuming
out; vapour, matter expired; the conclusion of any
limited time.
To EXPIRE, £k spire,7 v. a. To breathe out; to
exhale ; to send out in exhalations.
To EXPIRE, £k- spirt/ v. n. To die, to breathe the
last ; to conclude, to come to an end.
To EXPLAIN, eks-plane/ v. a. To expound, to il-
lustrate, to clear.
EXPLAINABLE, £ks-plane£a-bl, «<(/'. Capable o/
being explained.
EXPLAINER, £ks-planeiur, t. Expositor, interprc.
ter, commentator.
EXPLANATION, £ks pla.naish&n, *. The act of
explaining or interpreting ; the sense given by an ex-
plainer or interpreter.
EXPLANATORY, £ks-planta-t&r-£, adj. Contain-
ing explanations.— For the o, see Donieslii'k, and Prin-
ciples, No. 557.
EXPLETIVE, £ksipli-tlv, s. 157. Something used
only to take up room.
EXPLICABLE, eks^ple-ka-bl, adj. Explainable, po».
sJble to be explained.
To EXPLICATE, £ks£pl£-kate, v. a. To unfold, to
expand ; to explain, to clear.
EXPLICATION, £ks-pl«Uka£sl>un, *. The act of
opening, unfolding, or expanding ; the act of explain-
ing, interpretation, explanation ; the sense given Dy an
explainer.
EXPLICATIVE, £ks-ple-ka-tlv, adj. Having a ten-
: dn icy to explain.
I ^5" I have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the accentua-
tion of this word. He has placed the accent on the second
syllable, with the authority of every Dictionary, and of
every good speaker, against him. In the first edition of
llXPKNSELESS, eks-penseiles, adj. Without cost, this 'Dictionary, wheu I supposed Mr. Sheridan's a»veti-
EXP
191
EXT
n*r 16-7. nit 163— tfcbe 171, tfib 173, b&ll 173—511 299— ptSftnc. 313— thin 466— THIS 469.
uttered or declared ; that may be drawn by squeezing
or expression.
EXPRESSION, §ks-pr£sh-in, * The act or power
of representing any thing ; the form or cast of lan-
guage in which any thoughts are uttered ; a phrase, a
mode of speech ; the act of squeezing or forcing ou.
any thing by a press.
2XPRESS1VE, 5ks-pr£sislv, adj. Having the power
of utterance or representation.
EXPRESSIVELY, eks-pr&islv-ld, adv. In a clear
and representative way.
.XPRESSIVENES8, £ks-pr£s-slv-n£s, s. The power
of expression, or representation by words.
EXPRESSLY, £ks-pr&>y£, adv. In direct terms, not
by implication ; plainly ; positively.
SXPRESSURE, 5ks-presh-ire, s. 452. Expression,
utterance; the form, the likeness represented; the
mark, the impression.
To EXPROBRATE, Sks-pr&ibrate, v. a 503, n.
To charge upon with reproach, to impute openly with
blame, to upbraid.
ExPROERATION, £ks-prA-bra£shfin, s. Scornful
charge, reproachful accusation.
EXPROBRATIVE, Sks-pro-bra-tlv, adj. Upbraid-
ing.
To EXPROPRIATE, £ks-pr6-pr£-ate, & a. To re-
linquish one's property.
To EXPUGN, feks-pfane,' v. a. 385, S86. To con-
quer, to take by assault.
EXPUGNATION, Sks-p&g-naish&n, *. Conquest,
the act of taking by assault.
To ExPULSE, £ks-pfilse/ ». a. To drive out, to
force away.
EXPULSION, £ks-p&Ush&n, s. The act of cxpeli-
ing or diiving out ; the state of being driven out.
EXPULSIVE, £ks-p&l£s!v, adj. 158. 428. Hav-
ing the power of expulsion.
ExPUNCTION, 3ks-p&ngk-sh&n, s. Absolution.
ii ExPlTNGE, Sks-p&nje,' v. a. To blot out, to
rub out ; to efface, to annihilate.
EXPURGATION, £ks-p&r-gaish&n, s. The act of
purging or cleansing ; purification from bad mixture,
as of error or falsehood.
EXPURGATORY, £ks-pfir-ga-tfir-d, adj. Employ-
ed in purging away what is noxious.
EXQUISITE, 6ksikwi-zlt, adj. Excellent, consum-
mate, complete.
EXQUISITELY, £ksikw£-zfa-l£, adv. Perfectly,
completely.
EXQUISITENESS, £ks-kw£-zit-n5s, j. Nicety, per-
fection.
EXSCRIPT, JkiskrJpt, S. A copy, writing copied
from another.
ExsiCCANT, £k-slk-kint, adj. Drying, having the
power to dry up.
To EXSICCATE, ek.slk-kate, v. a. To dry. — See
Eiiccate.
EXSICCATION, £k-s!k-ka-sh&n, s. The act of dry-
ing.
ExsiCCATlVE, £k slkika-tlv, adj. Having the
power of drying.
ExspurriON, £k-spft-!sh-&n, *. A discharge by
spitting.
ExsuCTlON, Sk-s&k-sh&n, s. The act of sucking
out.
EXSUDATION, £k-s&-da-sh&n, s. A «weating, an
extillation.
EXSUFFLATION, Sk-sfrf-flaishun, j. A blast work.
ing underneath.
To EXSUFFOLATE, ^k-s&f^fA-late, v. a. To whis-
per, to buzz in the ear.
To EXSUSCITATE, £k-sfisis£-tate, t>. o. To rouse
up, to stir up.
EXTANCY, 6k'stan-s£, 5. Parts rising up above the
rest.
EXTANT, Jkistant, adj. Standing out to view
standing above the rest ; now in being.
tuation of this word agreeable to analogy, I did not recol-
lect the verb to explicate, whence it is derived, and which, I
in my opinion, might to determine its accentuation. See
PrincipU-s, No. 518. Dr. Johnson, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry,
Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Entick, and Barclay, place the ac-
cent on the first syllable, as I have done.
EXPLICATO*, 3ks-pl£-ka-tfir, s. Expounder, in-
cerpreter, explainer.
EXPLICIT, £ks-pllsilt, adj. Unfolded, plain, clear,
not merely by inference.
EXPLICITLY, £ks-pHsMt-ld, adv. Plainly, directly,
not merely by inference.
To EXPLODE, £ks plode,' v. a. To drive out dis-
gracefully with some noise of contempt ; to drive out
with noise and violence.
EXPLODER, £ks-pliidfir, s. A hisser, one who
drives out with open contempt.
EXPLOIT, Sks-pl5ty s. A design accomplished, an
achievement, a successful attempt.
To ExPLORATE, £ks-pl6£rate, v. a. To search out.
EXPLORATION, Sks plA-ra-sh&n, s. Search, ex-
amination.
EXPLORATOR, £ks-plo-ra£tfir, s. One who search-
es ; an examiner.
EXPLORATORY, £ks-pl5ria-t&r-£, adj. Searching,
examining.
{rt5" '" tn's word, as in Declaratory, we may perceive
the_snortening power of the pre-antepenultimite accent ;
which, like the antepenultimate, when not followed by a
diphthong, shortens every vowel but u, 51 1. 535.
To EXPLORE, £ks-plArf,' v. a. 503, n. To try,
to search into, to examine by trial.
ExpLOREMENT, £ks-plAreim£nt, s. Search, trial.
EXPLOSION, 3ks-pl6izhfin, s. The act of driving
out any thing with noise and violence.
EXPLOSIVE, &ks-pl&is!v, adj. 158. 428. Driving
out with noise and violence.
To EXPORT, £ks-pArt/ v. a. To carry out of a
country.
EXPORT, Jks'pArt, j. 492. Commodity carried out
in traffick.
EXPORTATION, 3ks-pAr-ta-sh&n, s. The act or
practice of carrying out commodities into other coun-
tries.
To EXPOSE, 5ks-pAzp/ v. a. To lay open, to make
liable to ; to lay open, to make bare ; to lay O|>en to
censure or ridicule; to put in danger; to cast out to
chance.
EXPOSITION, £ks-pA-zlsh'&n, s. The situation in
which any thing is placed with respect to the sun or air
explanation, interpretation.
EXPOSITOR, £ks-p6zi^-t&r, s. Explainer, expoun-
der, interpreter.
To EXPOSTULATE, £ks-pis-tshfi-late, v. n. 463
To canvass with another, to debate ; to remonstrate in
a friendly manner.
EXPOSTULATION, 3ks-p5s-tshi-laishftn, *. De-
bate, discussion of an affair ; charge, accusation.
EXPOSTULATOR, £ks-p&sitsh6-la-t&r, *. 521
One that debates with another without open rupture.
EXPOSTULATORY, &ks-p5sitsh6-la-t&r-d, adj
465. 512. Containing expostulation.
EXPOSURE, £ks-p6^zhftre, s. The act of exposing
the state of being exposed ; the state of being in dan
per ; situation as to sun and air.
To EXPOUND, &ks-p6&nd/ v. a. To explain, to
clear, to interpret.
EXPOUNDER, £ks p5fin-d&r, ». Explainer, inter
prefer.
To EXPRESS, £ks-pr£s,' v. a. To represent by an
of the imitative arts as poetry, sculpture, painting
to represent in words; to utter,' to declare ; to denote
to squeeze out ; to force out by compression.
EXPRESS, 6ks-pr&£ adj. Copied, resembling, ex
actly like ; plain, apparent, in direct terms ; on pur
pose, for a particular end.
EXPRESS, £ks-pr£s/ *. A messenger sent on pur
nose ; a message sent.
EJU-RESSIBLE, dks-pr&is&.bl, adj. That may be
EX1
192
EXT
t5" M9- FAte 73> ftr 77> fi" 83» fjt 81 — m^ 93
EXTATICAL, 5k-stat^-kal, ) ,.
EXTATICK, Sk-statiik, 509. \ adj- ****"
EXTEMPORAL. £ks-t£mipi ral, adj. Uttered with-
out premeditation, quick, ready, sud !en.
EXTEMPORALI.Y, eks-t£m-piWal-£, adv. Quick,
without premeditation.
EXTEMPORANEOUS, £ks-t£m-p6-r&in£-'"&s, adj.
Without premeditation, sudden.
EXTEMPORARY, §ks-t£m£p6 rar-d, adj. Uttered
or performed without premedi ation, sudden, quick.
EXTEMPORE, £ks-t£m-po-r£, adv. Without pre-
meditation, suddenly, readily.
EXTEMPORINESS, 3ks-t3rn-p6 r£-n5s, s. The fa-
culty of speaking oracling without premeditation.
To EXTEMPORIZE, £ks-t£mipA-rlze, v.n. To speak
extempore, or without premeditation.
To EXTEND, £ks-Wnd,' v a. To stretch out ; to
spread abroad ; to enlarge ; to increase in force or du-
ration ; to impart, to communicate ; to seize by a course
of law.
EXTENDER, Sks-tenid&r, s. 98. The person or in-
strument by which any thing is extended.
ExTENDIBLE, £ks -teiiidti-bl, adj. 'Capable of ex-
tension.
"ExTENDLESSNESS, eks-t5ndM£s-nls, s. Unlimit-
ed extension.
EXTENSIBILITY, £ks tln-s£-blW-t£, s. The qua-
lity of being extensible.
"EXTENSIBLE, Iks-t^n-s^-bl, adj. Capable of being
stretched into length or breadth ; capable of being ex-
. tended to a larger comprehension.
EXTENSIBLENKSS, £ks-t£ll-se-bl-n£s, S. Capacity
of being extended
EXTENSION, £ks-t£n-sh&n, s. The act of extend-
ing: the state of being extended.
EXTENSIVE, £ks-t£nis!v, adj. 158. 428. Wide,
large.
.EXTENSIVELY, £ks-t£nislv-l<i, Widely, largely.
EXTENSIVENESS, £ks-t!n-slv-n£s, s. Largeness,
diffusiveness, wideness ; possibility to be extended.
EXTENSOR, £ks t£n-sor, s. 166. The muscle by
which any limb is extended.
-EXTENT, £ks-t£nt/ s. Space or degree to which any
thing is extended ; communication, distribution, exe-
cution, seizure.
To EXTENUATE, £ks-t$n£fr-ate, P. a. To lessen,
to make small ; to palliate ; to make loan.
EXTENUATION, 3ks-t£n-u>a-shuri, *. The act of
representing things less ill than ihey are, pailiation;
mitigation, alleviation of punishment ; a general decay
in the muscular flesh of the whole body.
EXTERIOR, £ks-t<i-rti-uM-, adj. Outward, external,
not intrinsick.
EXTERIORLY, Sks-t£-r£-ur-l£, adv. Outwardly,
externally.
Ta EXTERMINATE, £ks-t£rim£.nate, 'v. a. To
root out, to tear up, to drive awayi to destroy.
EXTERMINATION, ^ks-^t2r-in(i-naibh&n, s. De-
struction, excision.
EXTERMINATOR, 3ks-t5r'm£-na-t&r, j. 521. The
person or instrument bv which any thing is destroyed.
EXTERMINATORY, !ks-terim<*-na-tur-4 adj.
Tending to extermination.
T<> EXTERMINE, £ks-t£rimln, v. a. 140. To ex-
terminate.
" EXTERN, £ks-t3rn' adj. External, outward, visi-
ble; without itself, not inherent, not intrinsick.
EXTERNAL. £ks-t£r-nal, adj. Outward, not pro-
ceeding from itself, opposite to internal ; having the
outward appearance.
EXTERNALLY, £ks-t£rinal-£, adv. Outwardly.
To EXTIL, 5k-Stll,' v. n. To drop or distil from.
EXTILLATION, £k-stil-laishun, s. The act of fall.
inn in drops.
To EXTIMULATE, £k-stlm-u-lite, r. a. To prick,
to iitcite by stimulation.
m£t "iS— pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, m&ve 16*
EXTIMULATION, £k stTin-fj-la-shfm, «. Pungen-
cy, power of exciting motion or sensation.
EXTINCT, £k-stlngkt,' adj. 408. Extinguished,
quenched, put out ; without succession ; abolished, out
of force.
EXTINCTION, £k.stlngk£sh&n, s. 408. The act of
quenching or extinguishing ; the state of being quench-
ed; destruction ; excision, suppression.
To EXTINGUISH, £k stlng-gwlsh, v. a- To put
out, to quench ; to suppress, to destroy.
EXTINGUISHABLB, Ik-stlng-gwlsli-a-bl, adj. 405.
That may be quenched or destroved.
EXTINGUISHER, 3k-stlng-gw!sh-&r, s. A hollow
cone put upon a candle to quench it.
EXTINGUISHMENT, £k-sting£.gw!sh-m3nt, s. Ex-
tinction, suppression, act of quenching ; abolition, nul-
lification : termination of a family or succession.
To EXTIRP, £k-st£rp/ v.'a. 108. To eradicate, to
root out.
To EXTIRPATE, £k-st£r-pate, t/. a. To root out,
to exscind.
EXTIRPATION, £k-st£r-paish&n, s. The act of
rooting out, excision.
EXTIRPATOR, £k-st6r-pa-tQr, s. 166. 521. One
who roots out, a destroyer.
To EXTOL, £k-st51,' v. a. 406. To praise, to mag-
nify, to celebrate.
EXTOLLEK, £ks-"t&l-luT, S. A praiser, a magnifier
EXTORSIVE, 3ks-tor-slv, adj. 158. 428. Having
the duality of drawing by violent means.
EXTORSIVELY, 3ks-torislv-l£, adv. In an exto.
sive manner, by violence.
To EXTORT, £ks-tort,' v. a. To draw by force, U
force away, to wrest, to wring from one ; to gain by
violence or oppression.
To EXTORT, £k&-tort,' v. n. To practise oppres
sion and violence.
EXTORTER, £ks-toritur, s. 98. One who practises
oppression. .
EXTORTION, £ks-tor-shfin, s. The act or practice
of gaining by violence and rapacity ; force by which any
thing is unjustly taken away.
EXTORTIONER, ^ks-tor-shfin-fir, *. One who
practises extortion.
To EXTRACT, Iks-trakt,' v. a. To draw out of
something; to draw by chymical operation; to take
from something ; to select and abstract f torn a lai ger
treatise.
EXTRACT, ^ks^trakt, s. 492. The substance ex-
tracted, the chief parts drawn from any thing ; the
chief heads drawn from a book.
EXTRACTION, £ks trak^shun, s. The act of draw-
ing one part out of a compound ; derivation from 'ait
original ; lineage, descent.
EXTRACTOR, eks-trakitur, s. The person or in-
strument by which any thing is extracted.
EXTRAJUDIOIAL, ^ks-tri-jiWIsh-al, adj. Out of
the regular course of legal procedure.
EXTHAJUDICIALXY, 6ks-tra ji-dlshi-il 4, adv.
In a manner different from the oroinary course of le-
gal procedure.
EXTRAMISSION, £ks-tra-mlsh-&n, s. The act of
emitting outwards.
EXTRAMUNDANE, £ks-tra-munyane, adj. Be-
yond the verge of the material world.
EXTRANEOUS, £ks-tra-ne-is, adj. Belonging to a
different substance ; foreign.
EXTRAORDINARILY, eks troride-nar-^-le, ado.
374. In a manner out of tne common method and or-
der ; uncommonly, particularly, eminently.
EXTRAORDINARINESS, £ks-tror-de-nar-£-n£s, «.
Uncommonness, eminence, remarkableness.
EXTRAORDINARY, £ks-trSri<ie-nar-£, adj. Dif-
ferent from common order and method ; eminent, re-
markable, more than common.
|fj?- There is a vulgar pronunciation of this word,
wlucn sinks the a, d, and i, and reduces the word to four
syllables, as if written extruwuiry. There isa better j>ro-
EXU
193
EYE
nir .67, nit 163— tube 17-1, t&b 177, bull 173—611 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
EXUDATION, £k-su-daishun, *. The act of emit-
min flat ion which preserves the rf, as if written trtrord
*ary i but sotemn speaking certainly demands the resto-
ration of the i, and requires the word to be heard with five
tyllables, 374.
EXTRAPAROCHIAL, £ks-tra-par-<!A4 al, adj. Not
comprehended within any parish.
EXTRAPROVINCIAL, 5ks-tra-pr6-vlnishal, adj.
Not within the same province.
EXTRAREGULAR, £ks-tra-r£giu-lar, adj.
eompreheniled within a rule.
EXTRAVAGANCE, 5ks-trav£a-ganse,
Not
EXTRAVAGANCY, Sks-trav^-gan-s^ , *• **
gion or sally beyond prescribed limits; irregularity,
wildncss ; waste, vain and superfluous expense.
ETXRAVAGANT, £ks-tr'ivia-gant, adj. Wander-
Ing out of his bounds; roving beyond just limits or
prescribed methods ; irregular, wild; wasteful, prodigal,
vainly expensive.
EXTRAVAGANTLY, £ks trivia gant-l«K adv. In
an extravagant manner, wildly; expensively, luxuri-
ously, wastefully.
EXTRA VAGANTNESS, £ks-travia-gant-n£s, s. Ex.
cess excursion beyond limits.
To EXTRAV AGATE, £ks- tri via-gate, v. n. To
wander out of limits.
EXTRA VASATED, £k6-trav-va-sa-t£d, adj. Forced
'«it of the proper containing vessels.
EXTRAVASATION, £ks-tra-va-saish5n, a. The
act of forcing, or state of being forced out of the pro-
per containing vessels.
EXTRAVENATE, £ks-trav^-nate, adj. Let out of
the veins.
EXTRAVERSION, £ks-tra-v£rish&n, s. The act of
throwing out.
ExTRAUGHT, £ks-trawt/ part. Extracted.
EXTREME, £ks-tr£m»,' adj. Greatest, of the high-
est degree; utmost; last, that beyond which there is
noi hing ; pressing to the utmost degree.
EXTREME, £ks-trime,' s. Utmost point, highest
degree of any thing; points at the greatest distance
from each other, extremity.
EXTREMELY, &ks-tr^meil£, adv. In the utmost
degree ; very much, greatly.
EXTREMITY, £ks-ti4m^-t£, *. The utmost point,
the highest degree; the points in the utmost degree of
opposition; remotest parts, parts at the greatest dis-
tance; the utmost violence, rigour, or distress.
To EXTRICATE, £ks-tr«i kate, v. a. To disembar-
rass, to set tree any one in a state of perplexity.
EXTRICATION', 5ks-tr£-ka-shun, *. The act of dis-
entangling.
EXTRINSICAL, £ks-trln-s£ kal, adj. External, out-
ward ; not intrinsick.
EXTRINSICALLY, £ks-trlnis4-kal-<i, adv. From
without.
EXTRINSICK, £ks trln^slk, adj. Outward, external.
To ExTRUCT, £k-strukt,' v. a. To build, to raise,
to form into a structure.
EXTRUCTOR, £k-Struk-tur, 4. A builder, a fab-
ricator.
To EXTRUDE, 3ks-tr56<!/ v. a. To thrust off.
EXTRUSION, £ks.tr&&zhun, $. The act of thrust-
Tu EXUDATE, £k-su£date,
To EXUDE, £k-sude,'
7 v . n. To s
J to issue b
ting ill sweat; the matter issuing out by sweat from
anyjjody.
iweat out,
by sweat.
EXULCERATE, £gz.uKs£-rate, v. a. To make soru
with an ulcer ; to corrode, to enrage.
EXULCEHATION, £ks-ul-s£-ra-shun, j. The be-
ginning erosion, which forms an ulcer; exacerbation,
corrosion.
EXULCERATORY, £gz.&Us£-ra-tur-<*, adj. 519.
Having a tendency to cause ulcers
To EXULT, £gz-ult/ r. n. To rejoice above mea-
sure, to triumph.
Ex.ULTANCE, £gz-ul-tjnse, *. Transporf, joy, tri-
umph.
EXULTATION, 4ks-ul-taishuii, s. joy, triumph,
rapturous delight.
To EXUNDATE, £gz-un£date, t>. n. To overflow.
EXUNDATION, £ks-5n da^shun, s. Overflow, a.
bundance.
EXUPERABLE, 3k su-p£r-i-bl, adj. Conquerable,
superable, vincible.
EXUPERANCE, £k-su£p£-ranse, s, Over-balance,
greater proportion.
EXUPERANT, £k-suip£-rint, adj. Over- balancing.
having greater proportion.
To ExusciTATE, £k-susis<*-tate, v. a. To stir up,
to rouse.
EXUSTION, ^gz-fts-tshun, *. The act of burning
up, consumption by fire.
EXUVLS, 6gz-uiv£-£, *. Cast sk.in, cast. shells,
whatever is shed by animals.
EYAS, 1-as, s. A young hawk just taken from the nest.
EYASMUSKET, Uas-mus-k£t, i. A young unfledg-
ed male musket hawk ; a raw young fellow.
EYE, I, s. 8. The obsolete plural Eyrte ; now
Eyes. The organ of vision ; aspect, regard ; notice, at-
tention, observation ; sight, view ; any thing formed
like an eye; any small perforation ; a small catch into
which a hook goes; bud of a plant ; a small shade of
colour.
To EYE, 1, V. a. To watch, to keep in vjcw.
To EYE, i, t>. n. To appear, to show, to bear an
appearance.
EYEBALL, '-bawl, s. The apple of the eye.
EYEBRIGHT, iibrlte, s. An herb.
EYEBROW, Ubr6u, s. The hairy arch over the eye.
EYEDROP, Udr&p, 5. A tear.
EYEG LANCE, 1-glanse, «. Quick notice of the eye.
EYEGLASS, 1-glis, $. Spectacles, glass to assist tlit
sight
EYELESS, Ulls, adj. Without eyes, sightless, de-
prived of sight
EYELET, i-l£r, s. A hole through wliich light may
enter ; any small perforation.
EYELID, i-lld, s. The membrane that shuts over the
eye.
EYESERVANT, Ks^r-vant, *. A servant that work*
ng or driving out only while watched.
EXTUBERANCE, Sks-tuM^-ranse, s. Kuobs, or EYESERVICE, i-sSr-vIs, 5. Service performed only
parts protuberant. under inspection.
EXUBERANCE, ^gz-aib^-ranse, 5. Overgrowth, EYKSHOT, 1-shot, s. Sight, glance, view.
superfluous abundance, luxuriance. i EYESIGHT, l-slte, s. Sight of the eye.
EXUBERANT, &gz-ui-b4-rant, adj. 479. Over-| EYESORE, 1-sore, s. Something offensive to the
abundant, superfluously plenteous ; abounding in the I sight,
utmost degree.
EXUBERANTLY, ^gz-6ib(i-rant-]^, adv.
dantly ; to a superfluous ifegree.
To EXUBERATE, £gz-u-b£-rate. v. n. To abound
in the highest degree. neja OR ^ ^ to ^
EXUCCOC8, ek-sakikus, adj. Without juice, dry. EYEWINK liwlnwfc s
KJ- This word and the three following, with exuiter- f; u tl
tide, exvpcrance, and ejeusrilate, bv servilely following x-YKWITNESS, 1-wlt-r
title, exvperance, and ejeusrilate, by servilely following
an erroneous Latin orthography, arc liable to ah improper
pronunciation.— See Exiixatc.
EVESPOTTED, Uspit-5d, adj. Marked with spot*
like eyes
EYESTRING, listrlng, f. The string of the eye.
EYETOOTH, Lrt66//j, s. The tooth on the upper jaw
next on eaeh side to the grinders, the fang.
A wink, as a hint or token.
s, s. An ocular evidence,
»!io gives testimony of facts seen with his own
eyes.
FAC
194
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, far 81 — mi 93, niSt 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — ni 162, mire
EYRE, are, *. 269. The court of justices itinerants.
EvuY, a^ri, *. 269. The place where birds of prey
build their nests and hatch.
F
i-ba-she-us, adj. 357. Hav-
ing the nature of a bean.
FABLE, fa-bl, «. 405. A feigned story intended to
enforce some moral precept; a fiction in general ; the
series or contexture of events which constitute a poem ;
a lie.
To FABLE, faU>l, v. n. To feijn, to write not
truth but fiction ; to tell falsehoods.
To FABLE, taibl, V. a. To feign, to tell a falsity.
FABLED, fa-bid, adj. 359. Celebrated in fables.
FABLER, fa-bl-&r, s. A dealer in fiction.
To FABRICATE, fabW-kate, v. a. To build, to con-
struct ; to forge, to devise falsely.
FABRICATION, fab re-ka-slmn, t. The act of
building.
FA BRICK, faWrlk, or faibrlk, s. A building, an
edifice; any system or compages of matter.
J£5« The a in this word seems floating between long anil
short quantity, as it was in the Latin Fabrica. I nave,
like Mr. Sheridan, made it short; for though Latin words
of two syllables, when adopted into English, always have
the accent on the first, and the vowel generally long, as
basis, focus, quota, ic.; yet when words of three syllables
in Latin, with but one consonant in the middle, are angli-
cised by reducing them to two syllables; as the penulti-
mate in such Latin words is generally short, and the accent
of consequence antepenultimate, so the first vowel in the
English word is generally short, from the shortening power
of the antepenultimate accent in pur pronunciation of the
Latin word from whence it is derived ; thus the Latin Sli-
micus, reduced to the English Mimic, has the first vowe
short, though long in Latin, because we make it short ir
our pronunciation of Latin : the same may be observed o
the words Jlorid, viiid, and Kind, from the Lalinjtoriduj
vividtu, and lividus. Thus, though Fobrica might have
the first vowel long in Latin, yet as we always pronounce
it short in the English pronunciation of that language, so
when it is reduced to the English Fabric, it seems agree-
able to this usage to make the first syllable short.
Authority seems likewise to favour this pronunciation
for Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott
Mr. Perry, and, as far as we can judge by the position o
the accent, Bailey, are for the a short ; and Buchanan
W. Johnston, and, if we can guess by accent, Dr. Ash an(
Entick, for the long a — See Principles, No. 5-14.
To FABRICK, fabMk, v. a. To build, to form, U
construct.
FABULIST, fabif\-llst, s. A writer of fables.
FABULOSITY, fab-d-16si£-t£, s. Lyingness, fulnesi
of stories.
FABULOUS, fibifi-l&s, adj. Feigned, full of fables
FABULOUSLY, fab^&-l&s-l£, adv. In fiction.
FACE, fase, s. The visage ; the countenance ; th
surface of any thing ; the front or forepart of an y thing
state of affairs; appearance; confidence, boldness
distortion of the face ; Face to Face, when both partie
are present ; without the interposition of other bodies
To FACE, fase, v. n. To carry a false appearance
to turn the face, to come in front.
To FACE, fase, v. a. To meet in front, to oppos
with confidence ; to oppose with impudence ; to stan
opposite to; to cover with an additional superficies.
FACELESS, fase-l£s, adj. Without a face.
FACEPAINTEB, fase-pane-tur, *. A drawer of por
traits.
FACEPAINTING, fise-pane-tlng, t. The art o
drawing portraits.
FACETIOUS, fa-s&sh&s, adj. 292. Gay, cheerfu
lively.
FACETIOUSLY, fa-9e^hus-l£, adv. Gayly, cheei
fully.
FACUTIOCSNESS, fi-s&sh&s-nSs, s. Cheeiful wi
mirth.
•"AGILE, f:\sisll, adj. 140. Easy, performable with
little lalwur ; pliant, flexible, easily persuaded.
"o FACILITATE, fa-siW-tate, v. a. To mak*
ea*y, to free from difficulty.
ACILITY, fa-sIW-tA, *. Easiness to be performed,
freedom from ilifficulty ; readiness in performing, dex-
terity ; vicious ductil'ity, easiness to be persuaded,
easiness of access, affability.
•"ACINERIOUS, fas-i-ni-ri-us, adj. Wicked.
^ACING, fa-sing, s. An ornamental covering.
'ACINOROUS, fa-sIn^A-r&s, adj. Wicked, attroci-
ous, detestably bad. — See Svnorotu.
""ACINOROUSNESS, fa-sinio-rus-n£s, s. Wicked-
ness in a high degree.
ACT, fakt, s. A thing done ; reJity, not supposi-
tion ; action, deed.
•"ACTION, f akish&n, s. A party in a state ; tu-
mult, discord, dissension.
ACTIONARY, flkish&n-ar-^, *. A party man.
"ACTIOUS, fik^sh&s, adj. 292. Given to faction,
loud and violent in a party.
?ACTIOUSLY, fak-shus-li, adv. In a manner cri-
minally dissensions.
FACTIOUSNESS, fikish&s-nSs, s. Inclination to
publick dissension.
FACTITIOUS, fak-tlsh-is, adj. Made by art, in
oppositon to what is made by nature.
FACTOR, f ak-tur, j. 1 66. An agent for another,
a substitute.
FACTORY, fak-t&r-£, s. 557. A house or district
inhabited by traders in a distant country ; the traders
embodied in one place.
FACTOTUM, fak-t6i-t&in, *. A sen-ant employed
alike in all kinds of business.
FACTUKE, f ak-tsh&re, s. 463. The act or manner
of making any thing.
FACULTY, f ak-&l-t£, s. The power of doing any
thing, ability ; powers of the mind, imagination, rea-
son, memory; a knack, dexterity ; power, authority;
privilege, right to do any thing ; faculty, in an univer-
sity, denotes the masters and professors of the several
sciences.
FACUND, f ak-&nd, adj. 544. Eloquent.
t5» Dr. Johnson has placed the accent on the last sylla-
ble both of this word and Jocund ; in which he is consist-
ent, but contrary both to custom and to English analogy.
Mr. Sheridan places the accent on the first syllable of
Jocund, and on the last of this word. The reasons are the
same for accenting both ; they both come from the Latin
racundus andjocundus ; and there is scarcely a more inva-
riable rule in our language than that of removing the
accent higher when we adopt a word from the Latin, and
abridge it of its latter syllables. — See Academy.
To PADDLE, fad-dlj v. n. 405. To trifle, to toy,
to play.
To FADE, fade, v. n. 75. To tend from greater to
less vigour ; to tend from a brighter to a weaker colour ;
to wither as a vegetable ; to die away gradually ; to be
naturally not durable, to be transient.
To FADE, fade, v. a. To wear away ; to reduce to
languor.
To FADGE, fadje, v. n. To suit, to fit ; to agree,
not to quarrel ; to succeed, to hit.
F^CES, fa^se.z, s. 88. Excrements, lees, sediments
and settlings.
To FAG, tag, v. a. To grow weary, to faint with
weariness.
FAGEND, f ag-£nd,' s. The end of a web of cloth ;
the refuse or meaner part of any thing.
FAGOT, fag'&t, s. 88. 166. A bundle of sticks
bound together for the fire ; a soldier numbered in the
muster roll, but not really exisiing.
To FAGOT, fag^Cit, v. a. To tie up, to bundle.
To FAIL, fale, v. n. 202. To be deticient, to
cease from former plenty, to full short; to be extinct,
to cease to be produced ;" to perUh, to be losl ; to decay,
to decline, to languish ; to miss, nut to p-.odnce iu cl>
feet ; to miss, not to succeed in a design ; to be defici-
ent in duty.
To FAIL, fale, v. a. To desert, not to continue to
FAI
195
FAL
167, nit IflS— tbbe 171, tfib 172, bill 173— ill 299— pMnd 313— thin 466— THIS 469.
FAITHFULLY, fa//jifil-W, adv. With firm belief ii
issist or supply ; not to assist, to neglect ; to omit, not
to perform ; to be wanting to.
FAIL, file, }. Miscarriage ; omission ; deficiencc,
want.
FAILING, fa-ling, *. Deficiency, imperfection, lapse.
FAILURE, faleiyure, s. 113. Dcticience, cessation ;
omission, non- performance, slip; a lapse, a slight fault.
FAIN, fane, adj. 202. Glad, merry, cheerful, fond ;
forced, obliged, compelled.
FAIN, fane, adv. Gladly, very desirously.
To FAINT, fant, t>. n. 202. To lose the animal
functions, to sink motionless ; to grow feeble ; to sink
into dejection.
To FAINT, fant, r. a.
enfeeble.
To deject, to depress, to
FAINT, fant, adj. Languid ; not bright ; not loud ;
feeble of body ; cowardly ; depiessed ; not vigorous, not
active.
FAINTHEARTED, fant-harti&l, adj. Cowardly,
timorous.
FAINTHEARTEDLY, fant-blrt££d-l£, adv. Ti-
morously, cowardly.
FAINTHEARTEDNESS, fant-hart£&l-n3s, *. Cow-
ardice, timorousness.
FAINTING, fanning, *. DcUquium, temporary loss
of animal motion.
FAINTISHNESS, fanttlsh n£s, ». Weakness in a
slight degree ; incipient debility.
FAINTLING, fanning, adj. Timorous, feeble-
minded.
FAINTLY, fantMi*, adv. Feebly, languidly ; timo-
rously, with dejection, without spirit.
FAINTNESS, fantine's, s. Languor, feebleness, want
of strength; inactivity, want of vigour, timorousness,
dejection.
FAINT Y, fant^, adj. Weak, feeble, languid.
ft5" This word is much in use in the West of England,
»nd is merely provincial.
FAIR, fare, adj. 202. Beautiful, handsome; not
black, not brown, white in the complexion ; clear, not
cloudy, not foul, not tempestuous; favourable, pros-
perous; likely to succeed; equal, just; not effected by
any insidious or unlawful methods; not practising any
fraudulent or insidious arts ; open, direct; gentle, not
compulsory ; mild, not severe; equitable, not injurious.
FAIR, fare, adv. Gently, decently ; civilly ; success-
fully ; on good terms.
FAIR, fare, s. A beauty, elliptic-ally a fair woman ;
honesty, just dealing.
FAIR, fare, s. An annual or stated meeting of buy-
ers and sellers.
FAIRING, fare-Ing, s. Something bought for a pre-
sent at a fair.
FAIRLY, farcil£, adv. Beautifully ; commodiously,
conveniently ; honestly, justly ; ingenuously, plainly,
openly; candidly, without sinistrous interpretations ;
without blots; completely, without any deficiency.
FAIRNESS, fare-ne's, s. Beauty, elegance of form j
honesty, candour, ingenuity.
FAIRSPOKEN, fareispo-kn, adj. 103. Civil in
language and address.
FAIRY, fa-r£, *. A kind of fabled being supposed
to appear in a diminutive human form ; an elf, a fay ;
enchantress.
FAIRY, fa-r£, adj. Given by fairies ; belonging to
fairies.
F \IRY STONE, fa-re-st6ne, s. A stone found in
gravel pits.
FAITH, fa/A, *. Belief of the revealed truths of re.
ligion; the system of revealed truths held by the Chris-
tian church ; trust in God ; teuet held ; trust in the
honesty or veracity of another ; fidelity, unshaken ad-
herence; honour; social confidence; sincerity; hones-
ty, veracity ; promise given.
FAITHBREACH, fa//(-bretsh, *. Breach of fidelity,
perfidy.
FAITHFUL, fa//i-ful, adj. Firm in adherence to
the truth of religion; of true fidelity, loyal, true to al-
legiance; honest, upright, withou* fraud'; observwitof
compact or promise.
religion ; with full confidence in God; with strict ait her-
ence to duty ; sincerely, honestly, confidently, steadily.
FAITHFULNESS, fa/A-fil-ne's, «. Honesty, veraci-
ty ; adherence to duty, loyalty.
FAITHLESS, fa//j-l£s, adj. Without belief in the
revealed truths of religion, "•unconverted ; perfidious,
disloyal, not true to dutv.
FAITHLESSNESS, faf/jilis-n£s, t. Treachery, perfidy ;
unbelief as to revealed religion.
FALCADE, fal-kade,' .?. 84. A horse is said to mak«
falcades when he throws himself upon his haunche*
two or three times, as in very quick curvets.
FALCATED, fal-ka-t£d, adj. 84. Hooked, beat
like a scythe.
FALCATION, fAl-ki-sh&n, s. 84. Crookedness.
FALCHION, fal-sh&n, s. 84. A short crooked
sword, a ci meter.
FALCON, fawikn, s. 84. 170. A hawk trained for
sport ; a sort of cannon.
FALCONER, faw-kn.&r, s. 98. One who breeds anJ
trains hawks.
FALCONET, fal-ko-n$t, *. A sort of ordnance.
FALDSTOOL, fald-st5Sl, s. A kind of stool placed
at the south side of the altar, at which the kings of
England kneel at their coronation.
To FALL, fill, v. n. pret. I fell. Compound
prtt. I have fallen or fain. To drop from a higher
Slace to drop from an erect to « prone posture ; to
top ripe from the tree ; to pass at the outlet, as a ri-
ver ; to apostatize, to depart from faith or goodness ; to
die by violence ; to be degraded from a nigh station ;
to enter into any state worse than the former ; to de-
crease in value, to bear less price ; to happen, to be-
fall ; to come by chance, to light on ; to come by any
mischance to any new possessor , to become the pro-
perty of any one by 1 t, chance, inheritance ; to be
born, to be yeaned; to fall away, to grow levin, tore-
volt, to change allegiance ; to fail back, to fail of a pro-
mise or purpose, to recede, to give way ; to fall down,
to prostrate himself in adoration ; to sink, not to stand,
to bend as a suppliant; to fall from, to revolt, to de-
part from adherence ; to fall in, to concur, to coincide ;
to comply, to yield to ; to fall of, to separate, to apos
tatize ; to fall on, to begin eagerly to do any thing, to
make an assault; to fall over, to revolt, to uesei t from
one side to the other; to fall out, to quarrel, to jar, to
happen, to befall ; to fall to, to begin eagerly to eat ;
to apply himself to ; to fall under, to be subject to ; to
be ranged with , to fall upon, to attack, to attempt, to
rush against
To FALL, fall, v. a. To drop, to let fall ; to sink,
to depress ; to diminish in value, to let sink in price ;
to cut down, to fell ; to yean, to bring forth.
FALL, fall, s. The act of dropping from on high ;
the act of tumbling from an erect posture; death,
overthrow; ruin, dissolution ; downfal, loss of great-
ness, declension from eminence, degradation; diminu-
tion, decrease of price ; declination or diminution of
sound, close to musick ; declivity, steep descent ; cata-
ract, cascade; the outlet of a current inti) any water;
autumn, the fall of the leaf, any thing that falls in
great quantities ; the act of felling or cutting down.
FALLACIOUS, fal-laish&s, adj. 314. Producing
mistakes; sophistical, deceitful, mocking expectation.
FALLACIOUSLY,
with purpose to deceive.
^, adv. Sophisticaiiy,
FALLACIOUSNESS, fal-la-sh&s-nes, s. Tendency to
deceive.
FALLACY, falUa-se, ». Sophism, logical artifice,
deceitful argument.
FALLIBILITY, fal-l4-bll-e-t<i, *. Liabieness to be
deceived.
FALLIBLE,
l, adj. 405. Liable to error.
FALLINGSICKNESS, fal ling-sik-n^s, s. The epi-
lepsy, a disease in which th? patient is without any
warning deprived at once of his senses, and falls dov. u.
FALLOW, fil-16, adj. Pale red, or pale yellow ; un»
sowed, left to rest after the years of tillage; plowed,
but not sowed ; unplowed, uncultivated; unoccupied)
neglected.
FALLOW, faUld, s. 327. Ground plowed tn ante*
to be plowed again ; ground lying at real.
FAM
196.
FAR
559. FAte 73, fir 77, fill 83, fftt 81 — m& 93,m£t 95 — pine 105, pin !07 — nA 1652, mive 164,
To FALLOW, faWA, D. n. To plow in order to a se-
cond plowing.
FAI.I.OWNESS, fal-lA-n£s, *. Barrenness, the state
of being fallow.
FALSE, false, adj. Not morally true, expressing that
which is not thought ; not physically true', conceiving
that which does not exist ; treacherous, perfidious, trai-
torous; counterfeit, hypocritical, not reaU
FALSEHEARTED, false-hart-£d, adj. Treacherous,
perfidious, deceitful, hollow.
FALSEHOOD, false^hfid, s. Want of truth, want
of veracity; want of honesty, treachery; a lie, a false
assertion. •
j£$- This word, by the parsimony of Printers, is often
i|>elt without the e. They may allege, that spel ling the
word with e makes it liable to be pronounced in three syl-
lables by those who do not know the composition of the
word ; and it may be answered, that spelling it without
the e makes it liable to a mispronunciation, by joining the
i and A together ; if, therefore, the composition must be
understood before the word can be pronounced with secu-
rity, let it, at least, be presented to the eye, and the chance
of a mistake will be less. — See Household and Hogshead.
FALSELY, falst^le, adv. Contrarily to truth, not
truly ; erroneously, by mistake ; perfidiously, treache-
rously.
FALSENESS, fJlse-n?S, J. Contrariety to truth ;
want of veracity ; violation of promise ; duplicity, de-
ceit; treachery, perfidy, traitorousness.
FALSIFIABLE, faUse-fi-a-bl, adj. 183. Liable to
be counterfeited.
FALSIFICATION, fHl-s£-f<i-ka£sh&n, s. The act of
counterfeiting any thing so as to make it appear what
it is not,
FALSIFIER, fal-s£-f l-&r, j. One that counterfeits,
one that makes any thing to seem what it is not ; a liar.
To FALSIFY, fa!-se- t i, v. a. To counter/tit, or forge ;
'to confute, or prove false ; to violate by treachery.
To FALSIFY, fal-s^-ft, v. r*. 183. To tell lies.
FALSITY, flUsi-td, j. Falsehood, contrariety to
truth ; a lie, an error.
To FALTER, faKt&r, v. n. To hesitate in the ut-
terance of words ; to fail.
FALTERINGLY, fal-t&r.Ing 14, adv. With hesita-
tion, with difficulty.
FAME, fame, s. Celebrity, renown ; report, rumour.
FAMED, timd, adj. 359. Renowned, celebrated,
much talked of.
FAMELESS, fameil£s, adj. Without fame.
FAMILIAR, fa-mll-yar, adj. 113. Dymestick, re-
lating to a family; affable, easy^ in. conversation ; well
known ; well acquainted with, accustomed ; uncon-
strained.
FAMILIAR, fa-mil£yar, t. An intimate, one long
acquainted.
FAMILIARITY, fa-rnU-yi-ar^-tt*, s, Easiness of
conversation, omission of ceremony; acquaintance,
habitude ; easy intercourse.
To FAMILIARIZE, fa-mi 1-yar-ize, «. a. Tp make
easy by habitude; to bring down from a slate of distant
superiority.
FAMILIARLY, fl-mlliyar-lt*,<i(/w. Unceremoniously,
with freedom; easily, without formality.
FAMILLE, fa-mWl/ adv. In a family way.
JtJ" This word is perfect French, and is never used
wiihout en before it.
'• Deluded mortal* whom the preat,.
" Choose for companions tete-a-iete ;
" W!io it their dinners rn famillr,
" Get lean to (it whene'er jou will." Sir{/L
FAMILY, fami^-li, s. Those who live in the same
house, household ; those that descend from one com-
mon progenitor, a race, a generation ; a class, a tribe,
a, species.
FAMINE, fam3n, s. 140. Scarcity of food, dearth.
To FAMISH, fain-ish, t>. a. To kill with hunger,
to starve ; to kill by deprivation of any thing necessary.
To FAMISH, fam-isli, v. n. To die of hunger.
FAMISHMENT, fani£]sh-m£nt, s. Want of food,
FAMOSITY, i'i-mus^-t^, j. Reuown.
FAMOUS, faimus, adj. 314. Renowned, celebrated.
FAMOUSLY, fa-m?is-l£, adv. With celebrity, with
great fame.
FAN, 'an, s. An instrument used by ladies to move
the air and cool themselves; any thing spread out like
a woman's fan ; the instrument by which the chaff is
blown away ; any thing by which the air is moved ; an
instrument" to raise the fire.
To FAN, fan, v. a. To cool or recreate with a fan ;
to ventilate, to affect by air.put in motion ; to separate,
as by winnowing.
FANATICISM, fa-nat^e-slzm, *. Enthusiasm, reli-
gious frenzy.
FANATICK, fa natilk, adj. 509. Enthusiasts k,
superstitious.
FANATICK, fa-nat'Ik, s. An enthusiast, a man mad
with wild notions.
FANCIFUL, fanis^-f&l, adj. Imaginative, rather
guided by imagination than reason; directed by the
imagination, not the reason.
FANCIFULLY, fanis^-fil-£, adv. Accoiding to the
wjldness of imagination.
FANCIFULNF.SS, fan-si-fil-nls, *. Addiction to
the pleasures of imagination.
FANCY, f an-sd, s. Imagination, the power by which
the mind forms to itself, images and representations ;
an opinion bred rather by the imagii ation than the
reason; inclination, liking; caprice, humour, whim;
frolick, idle scheme, vagary.
To FANCY, fan^s^, v. n. To imagine, to believe
without being able to prove.
To FANCY, fail's^, v. a. To portray in the mind,
to imagine ; to like, to be pleased with.
FANCYMONGER, fan's^-mdng-gir, *, One wh
deals in tricks of imagination.
FANCYSIC.K, fan^-sik, adj. One whose distemper
is in his own mind.
FANE, fane, *. A temple consecrated to religion.
FANFARON, fan-fa-ron,' s. French. A bully, a
Hector ; a blusterer, a boaster of more than he can per-
form.— See Encore.
FANFARONADE, fan-far-6-nade,' *. A bluster, a
tun our of fictitious dignity.
Z'o FANG, fang, v. a. To seize, to gripe, to clutch.
FANG, fing, f. The long tusks of a boar, or other
animal; the nails, the talons; anything like a long
tooth,
FANGEO, fangd, adj. 359. Furnished with fangi
or long teeth, furnished with any instrument in imita-
tion of fangs.
FANGLE, t'ang-gl, «. 405. Silly attempt, Hiding
scheme.
TANGLED, fang-gld, adj. 359. It is scarcely used.
but in new-fangled, vainly fond of novelty.
FANGLESS, fang-l&, ailj. Toothless, without teeth.
FLANNEL, fan-n£l, S. A sort of ornament like a
scarf, worn about the left arm of a mass-priest.
FANNER, fin-nur, $. One that plays a fan.
FANTASIED, faniti-sld, adj. 283. Filled with
fancies.
FANTASM, fanitazm, * — See Phantasm,
FANTASTICAL, fan-tasit^ kal, 1 ..
ft » / 11 •,•.« f ailj. Irrational,
FANTASTICK, fan-tas-tik, 509. J •
bred only in the imagination ; subsisting only in the
fancy, imaginary ; capricious, humorous, unsteady ;
whimsical, fanciful.
FANTASTICALLY, fan-tasft£-kal £, adv. By the
power of imagination ; capriciously, humorously ;
whimsically.
FANTASTICALNESS, fan-tas£tt*-kal-nSs,
FANTASTICKNESS, fan-tasit]k-n£s,
morousness, mere compliance with fancy; whimsical'
ness, unreasonableness; caprice, unsteadiness.
FANTASY, fan-ta-s^, s. Fancy, imagination, the
power of imagining ; idea, image of the mind ; hu-
mour, inclination
FAP, tap, adj. Fuddled, drunk. An old cant word,
i FAR, f'4r, udu. 77. 78. To great extent ; to a great
I t. Hu-
FAR 107 FAS
nr5r 167, nit 163— tfibe 171, tfib 172, bill 173— oil 299— pound 313— thin 466— THIS 469
distance; remotely, at a great distance; In a great
part, in a great proportion ; to a great height ; to a
certain degree.
FAR-FETCH, far-f5tsli,' s. A deep stratagem.
FAR-FETCHED, far-fetslit,' adj. 359. Brought from
places remote ; studiously sought ; elaborately strained.
FAR-PIERCING, far-pWrisIug, adj. Striking, or
penetrating a great way.
FAR-SHOOTING, far-shoot-lng, adj. Shooting to
a great distance.
FA II, far, adj. Distant, remote ; from far, from a
remote place.
To FARCE, farse, v. a. To stuff, to fill with ming-
led ingredients ; to extend, to swell out.
FARCE, farse, s. A dramatick representation written
without regularity, generally stuffed with ribaldry and
nonsense.
FARCICAL, ttrfw*lt«, adj. Belonging to a farce.
FARCY, farisi, s. The leprosy of horses.
FARDEL, fari<i£l, s. A bundle, a little pack.
To FARE, fare, V. n. To go, to pass, to travel ; to
be in any state pood or bad ; to happen to any one
well or ill ; to feed, to cat, to be entertained.
FARE, fare, *. Price of passage in a vehicle by land
or by water ; food prepared for the table, provisions.
( fare-w^l, or fare-w£l,'l
,
FAREWELL, } flrtwait or fir
• the table, provisi
fare-xv£l,'l
Ir-wfl,' | fc
HARNESS, farinas, *. Distance, rcmotcne**.
FARRAGINOUS, far-radjeie-n&s, adj. Formed of
different. materials.
FARRAGO, far.ratgA, s. 77. A mass formed con-
fusedly of several ingredients, a medley.
FARRIER, faKre-&r, ». A shocr of horses ; one who
professes the medicine of horses.
FARROW, fai^ro, *. 327. A little pig.
To FARROW, far^ro, v. a. To Ulng pig*.
FART, fart, s. Wind from behind.
To FART, fart, v. a. To break wind behind.
FARTHER, fAriTHer, rtrfy. At a greater distance ; la
a greater distance, more remotely — Sec Furltit-r.
FARTHER, far^TH^r, adj. 98. More remote; longer,
tending to greater distance.
FARTHKRANCE, fari'rH^r-anse, s. Encouragement,
proportion.
FARTHERMORE, far-TH3r-m6re/ adv. Beside*, '
over and above, likewise.
To FARTHER, far-rn^r, v. a. To promote, to fa-
cilitate, to advance.
FARTHEST, far-TH&t, adv. At the greatest dis-
tance ; to the greatest distance.
FARTHEST, far^THest, adj. Most distant, remotest.
FARTHING, fariTHing, *. The fourth of a penny ;
eoppcr money.
FARTHINGALE, fAr^inlng-gal, s. A hoop, used to
spread the petticoat.
FARTHINGSWORTH, fariTHlngz-wfirth, *. A*
much as is sold for a farthing.
FASCES, fas-sez, s. Hods anciently carried before
the consuls.
FASCIA, fashie-a, s. 92. A fillet, a bandage.
FASCIATED, fasli-e-a-t3d, adj. Bound with fillets.
FASCIATION-, fash-^-aishfin, s. 3.56. Bandage.
To FASCINATE, fas-se-nate, v. a. To bewitch, to
enchant, to influence in some wicked and secret man-
ner.
FASCINATION, fas-se-n:\islifin, s. The power of
act of bewitching, enchantment.
FASCINE, fas-seni',' s. 112. A fagot.
FASCINOL'S, fas-s«i-n&s, adj. Caused or acting by
witchcraft.
FASHION, fishi'in, s. Form, make, state of any
thing with regard to appearance; the make or cut of
clothes ; manner, sort, way ; custom operating upon
dress, or any domcstick ornaments : custom, general
practice ; manner imitated from another, way establish
e<l by precedent; general approbation, mode; rank,
condition above the vulgar.
To FASHION, f&sh-ftn, v. a. To form, to mould,
to figure ; to fit, to adapt, to accotmmxlatc ; to cast into
external appearance ; to make according to the rule
prescribed by custom.
FASHIONABLE, flslii&n-a-bl, adj. Amoved by
custom, established by custom, made according to tho
mode ; observant of mode ; having rank above the vul-
gar, and below nobility.
FASHIONABLENESS, fush-&n-£-bl-n£s, s. M<v.;.-h
elegance.
FASHIONABLY, fash-&n-a.bl£, ado. In a manner
conformable to custom, with modish elegance.
FASHIONIST, fashi&n-lst, s. A. follower of the
mode, a coxcomb.
To FAST, fist, v. n. 79. *To abstain from food ; to
mortify the body by religious abstinence.
FAST, fast, s. Abstinence from food ; religious mor-
tification by abstinence.
FARM, fArm, s. Ground let to a tenant; the state FAST, fast, adj. Firm, Irnnioveablc ; firm in ad-
of lands let out to the culture of tenants. I hcrcncc ; speedy, quick, swilt ; fast and loose, miecr-
To FARM, fArm, v. a. To let out to tenants at a' tain- variable, inconstant.
certain rent ; to take at a certain rate ; to cultivate i FAST> fist' adv- Firmly, immorcably ; closely,
land. | nearly; swiftly, nimbly; frequently.
FARMER, farim&r, «. One who cultivates hired To FASTEN, fas^sn, v. a. 405. To make fa«t, to
The
parting compliment, adieu ; it is sometimes used only
as an expression of separation without kindness.
K^f To all these different pronunciations is this word
subject. The accentuation, cither on the first or last
syllable, depends much on the rhythm of the sentence.
Sec Commodore and Commnnu<ealth.
When it is used as a substantive, without an adjective
before it, the accent is generally on the first syllable ; as,
" See how the morning oj>es her golden pates,
" And takes \wrfanirell of the glorious sun." S'takap.
Or, if the adjective follow the substantive, as,
« Kchance the radiant sun with/i'rm-c// sweet
« Extend his evening lienm, the fields revive,
" The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds
" Attest their joy, that hill and rallcj ring." Uilloo.
But if the adjective precede the substantive, the accent
generally placet! on the last syllabic; as,
«• Treading the vath to nobler end*,
" A long fartH-M to love J gave. If/iffrr.
" As ir. this grove I took my last/urni*//." nry.le*.
Or when it is governed by a verb, as, " 1 bade \\\m fare-
veil," or, " I bade farewell to him."
When it is used as an adjective, the accent is always on
the first syllabic; as, " AJiirevfU sermon."
Hut when it is used as an interjection, (for with grcai
deference to Dr. Johnson I cannot think it an adverb) the
accent is cither on the first or second syllable, as the
rhythm of pronunciation seems to require.
" KM f<irttrttt, king; silh thus them wilt a|i|iear,
" Freedom lives hence, and banishment is here." Shttkap.
•ttrflli be still possest
ice, blessing still antl blest." P»fe.
With respect to the pronunciation of a in the first sylla
ble of this word, Mr. Sheridan savs, that in England the
first syllabic is pronounced like. far, and in Ireland like
fare. But if this be really the case, the two nations seem
to have changed dialects ; for nothing can be more cvidcn
to the most superficial observer, than the tendency in Ire
land to pronounce the a like that in far, and in Knglaiu
like that tn fare. Not that I think the pronunciation of
the first syllabic offitreirell, like far, either vicious or vul
gar: I am convinced many good speakers so pronounce
it; but the other pronunciation I think more analogical
as well as more general ; Dr. Kcnrick and Mr. Scott pro-
nounce it with the second sound of a, and W. Johnstoi
and Mr. Perry with the first.
FAREWELL, fare-\v£l,' s. Leave, act of departure.
FARINACEOUS, fAr-4 na-slius, adj. Mealy, tasting
ground; one who cultivates ground.
AUMOST, fariinist, aili. Most distant.
make firm; U> hold together, to cement, to link , to
"m*« «°«>njoin.
To FASTEN, fas^sn, v. n. 472, To fi* himtcld
2 A
FAT
193
FAV
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81— me1 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7— ni 1C2, move 164,
l-'A.STENER, fis£sn-&r, 4. One that makes fast or
firm.
FASTER, fist-ur, s. 98. He who abstains from
food.
FASTHANDKD, fast-hand- &d, adj. Avaricious,
closehamled, covetou*.
FASTIDK)SITY, fis-tld-£-6si£-t£. J. Disdainfulness.
FASTIDIOUS, fas tld-^-fts, or fas-tldij^-fis. adj.
293, 294. Disdainful, squeamish, delicate to a vice.
FASTIDIOUSLY, fas-tld^-is Iti. or fas tidij£-us-
!£, adv. 293, 294. Disdainfully, squeamishly.
FASTING-DAY, fast-lng-da, s. Day of mortifica-
tion by abstinence.
FASTNESS, fast-n£s, S. Firmiless, firm adherence ;
strength, security ; a strong place ; a place not easily
f reed.
FASTUOUS, fis^tshh-fis, adj. 464. Proud, haugh-
ty-
FAT, fat, adj. Full-fed, plump, fleshy ; coarse, gross,
dull ; wealthy, rich.
FAT, fat, s. The unctuous part of animal flesh.
FAT, fat, *. A vessel in which any thing is put to
ferment or be soaked.
To FAT, fit, t). a. To make fat, to fatten.
To FAT, fat, v. n. To grow fat, togrow full- fleshed.
FATAL, fa-til, adj. Deadly, mortal, destructive,
causing destruction ; proceeding by destiny, inevitable,
necessary ; appointed by destiny.
FATALIST, fa-til-llst, i. Ode who maintains that
all things happen by invincible necessity.
FATALITY, fa.til£&-t£, S. Predestination, predeter-
mined order of series of things and events ; decree of
fate ; tendency to danger.
FATALLY, faUil-lt*, adv. Mortally, destructively,
even to death ; by the decree of fate.
FATALNESS, fa-til n£s, s. Invincible necessity.
FATE, fate, 5. Destiny, an eternal series of succes-
sive causes; event predetermined ; death, destruction,
cause of death.
FATED, fa-t£d, adj. Decreed by fate ; determined
in any manner by fate.
FATHER, fa-THer, s. 34. 78. 98: 76. He by whom
the son or daughter is begotten ; the first ancestor ; the
appellation of an old man ; the title of any man reve-
rent ; the ecclesiastical writers of the first eenturjai ; the
title of a popish confessor ; the title of a senator of old
Home; the appellation of the first person of the adora-
ble Trinity.
FATHER-IN-LAW, faiTHeV-ln -law, 4. The father
of one's husband or wife.
To FATHER, fa-THeV, v. a To take as a son or
daughter; to supply with a father; to adopt a compo-
sition ; to ascribe to any one as his offspring or produc-
tion.
FATHERHOOD, fa-THe'r-hud, *. The character of
a father.
FATHERLESS, fa-THe'r-lik, adj. Without a father.
FATHERLINESS, fa^TH^r-li-nes, f. The tenderness
of a father.
FATHERLY, fjUTHe'r-lt*, adj. Paternal, like a fa-
ther.
FATHERLY, faiTHeV-li, adv. In the manner of a
father.
FATHOM, faTH-fim, *. 1 66. A measure of lengtl
containing six feet; reach, penetration, depth of con-
tri vancc.
To FATHOM, faTH-ftm, t>. a. To encompass with
the arms ; to sound, to try with respect to the depth ;
to penetrate into, to fiiui the bottom; as, I cannot
fathom his desipn.
FATHOMLESS, fiTH-&m-l5s, adj. That of which
no bottom can be found ; that of which the circumfe-
rence cannot be embraced.
FATIDICAL, fa-tid-e-kal, adj. Prophetick, having
the power to foretell.
FATIFKROUS, fi-tlfife-rfis, adj. Deadly, mortal
FATIGABLE, fat-<^-ga-bl, adj. Easily wearied.
To FATIGATE, fat^-gate, v. a. 91. To weary, to
fatigue.
FATIGUE, fi-tWg,' s. 337. Weariness, lassitude ;
the cause of weariness, labour, toil.
To FATIGUE, fi-te^g," v. a. 112. To tire, to
weary.
FATKIDNEYED, fit-kid. nld, adj. 283. Fat
FATLING, fat-ling, *. A young animal led fat fof
the slaughter.
FATNER, fit-tn-fir, ». more properly Fnltener.
That which gives fatness.
JJ^J- It is not a little surprising that Pr. Johnson shouU
let the vulgar spelling of this word have a place in hfs
vocabulary. Partner and Vintner have no e between tiie
f and n, because we have no verb to parten or to ri«/< •%
bvAfattener, from the word In fatten, as necessarily re-
quires the e as hearkener, uhltener, listener, &c. The
same may be observed of the word toftner, which see.
FATNESS, fat-He's, s. The quality of being fat,
plump; fat, grease; unctuous or greasy matter; ferti-
lity ; that which causes fertility.
To FATTEN, fit-tn, v. a 405. To feed up, tb
make fleshy; to make fruitful; to feed grossly, to in-
crease.
To FATTEN, fit-tn, v. n. To grow fat, to be
pam pered.
FATUOUS, fitsWu-fis, adj. 461. Stupid, foolish,
feeble of mind ; impotent, without force.
FATUITY, fi tu-e t£, s. Foolishness, weakness of
mind.
j£5> for the second syllable of this word, see Futurity.
FATWITTED, fit-wk-^d, adj. Heavy, dull.
FATTY, fat-id, adj. Unctuous, oleaginous, greasy.
FAUCET, or FAUSET, fawis£t, adj. A pj|« in.-en-
ed into a vessel to give vent to the liquor, and stopper)
up by a peg or spigot.
FAUCHION, fal-shfln, j. A crooked sword.
FAVII.LOUS, fi-vll-l&s, adj. Consisting of ashes.
FAULCON, favrikn, $. See Falcon.
FAULT, fait,' s. 4O4. Offence, slight crime, soine-
what liable to censure; defect, want ; puzzle, difficulty.
J£j- Dr. Johnson tells us, that the / in this word is
sometimes sounded and sometimes mute, and that in con-
versation it is generally suppressed. To this Dr. Kenrh'fc
adds, that it is needlessly suppressed. None of our lexi-
cographers have marked this letter mute but Mr. Sheri-
dan. Mr. Nares says, the word is pronounced both ways,;
and leaves it undetermined ; but Mr. Elphinston decides
positively against retaining the I even in writing: his rea-
sons are, that as the French have left out the / in their
antiquated favlte, we ought to leave it out of our English
word, which was derived from tlieir ancient one. This
reasoning, however, I think is not conclusive. If after
deriving words from their living languages, and using
them for centuries, we were to alter them as their present
language happens to alter, our own language would have
no stability. The truth is, the French language is much
more altered withm the last two centuries than the Eng-
lish, and is greatly enfeebled, by dropping its consonants.
Its nasal vowels too have added to its weakness, by ren-
dering both vowels and consonants less distinct. 'The •
in question has nothing harsh or uncommon in itssouml,
and, if it were mute, would desert its relation to the La-
tin falritai, and form a disgraceful exception ; and if
poets have sometimes dismi-sed it, to rhyme the won!
with thought, sou;fit, &c. they have as readily admitted
it to rhyme with »cut, talt, and as>aiUt.
" \\Tuch of our thrum-capp'd ancestors found fault,
" For want of sugar-tongs, or s}x.on* fur salt f &''"£.
FAULTFINDER, fJltifJnd-&r, s. A censure/.
FAULTILY, fal-te-1^, ado- Not rightly, improperly.
FAULTINESS, fal-te-n&s, s. iJadness, viciousness ;
delinquency.
FAULTLESS, faltil£s, adj. Without fault, perfect.
FAULTY, fal-t£, adj. Guiity of a fault, blaineablc,
erroneous, defective.
FAUN, fawn, s. A kind of rural deity.
To FAVOUR, fa-vCir, v. a. To support, to regard
with kindness; to assist with advantages or convent
enees ; to resemble in feature ; to conduce to, to cur.-
tribute.
FEA
199
FEC
*»5r 167, nftt 163 — tube 171, t&b 172, b&ll 173 — oil 299— poGnd 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
FAVOUR, fa-v&r, 5.314. Countenance, kindness ; fimorousness, habitual timidity; state of being afraid,
support, defence; kindness granted; lenity, mitigation awe> dread.
of punishment; leave, good will, pardon ; object of fa- rEARLESSLY, feri'-les-le, adv. Without terror.
ladVSo^b^wom^'wfv^ FEARLESSNESS, f<ktil£s-lies, S. Exemption from
benignity.
FAVOURABLY, faivur-a-ble, adv.
favour.
feature, countenance.
FAVOURABLE, fa-v&r-a bl, adj. Kind, propitious,
affectionate; palliative, tender, averse from censure ;
conducive to, contributing to ; accommodate, conve-
nient; beautiful, well-favoured.
FAVOURABLENESS, fa-v&r- i-bl-n£s, s. Kindness,
Kindly, with
FAVOURED, fa^v&rd, part. cut). Regarded with
kindness; featured, with well or ill.
FAVOUREDLY, fa-v&rd-te, adu. With well or ill,
in a fair or foul way.
FAVOURER, fa-vur-fir, s. One who favours ; one
*ho regards with kindness or tenderness.
FAVOURITE, faiv&r-lt, *. 156. A person or thin*
beloved, one regarded with favour; one chosen as a
companion by his superior.
FAVOURLESS, fa-vur-l£s, adj Unfavoured, not re-
garded with kindness; unfavouring, unpropilious.
FACTOR, flwitir, s. 166. Favourer, countenances
FAUTRESS, fawitr£s, i. A woman that favours or
shows countenance.
FAWN, fawn, s. A young deer.
To FAWN, fawn, v. n. To bring forth a young
deer ; to court by frisking before one, as a dog ; to court
servilely.
FAWNER, fawin&r, s. One that fawns, one that
trays servile courtship.
FAWNINGLY, fawinlng-1^, adv. In a cringing ser-
vile way.
FAY, fa, s. A fairy, an elf; faith.
To FEAGUE., f^eg, v. a. 337. To whip, to chastise.
FEALTY, ft*-al-t£, s. Duty due to a su]>erior lord.
, KS" Hr. Kenrick, Mr. Sheridan, Mr Scott, Buchanan,
VV. Johnston, and, if we may judge by the position of the
accent, Entick, make only two syllables of tliis word;
Mr. 1'erry, Mr. Nares, and, by the position of the accent,
Dr. Ash, three. I do not hesitate a moment to pronounce
the last division the best: not only as it is immediately
derived from a French. word of three syllables, feaulte, but
as Ihis is generally its quantity in Milton and Shakespeare,
I Am !n parliament ptedge for his truth,
And kftfaf jtaty to the new-made king."
f j
- Let i
Shakctp.
elrfe
•eign
i, nay, all my tons,
and love."
" As pledges of my fealty
" ————— Man disobeying,
«' Disloyal, breaks hitjeatly, and sins
" Against the high supremacy of heav'n." tlillan.
" — Each bird and beast behold
" After their kinds ! I bring them to receive
" From thee their names ; and pay thee fealtv
" With low subjection. 3 tbid.
" Whether his first design t>e to withdraw
" Our fealty to God, or to disturb
" Conjugal love." nu.
In these quotations from Johnson we see the first onlv
tnak.es fealty two syllables: and even here it may be pre-
sumed there is a poetical license exactly like that which
i oung uses in the word really ;
" Why really sixty-five is somewhat old."
FEAR, f£re, *. 227. Dread, horror, apprehension
of danger; awe, dejection of mind : anxiety, solicitude;
that which causes fear; something hung up to scare
deer.
To FEAR, fere, v. a. To dread, to consider with
apprehensions of terror ; to fright, to terrify, to make
afraid.
To FEAR, tere, v.' n. To live in horror ; to be a-
•fraid; to be anxious.
FEARFUL, fireiffil, or f^riffil, adj. 23O. Timo-
rous ; afraid ; awful ; terrible, dreadful.— See Fierce.
FEARFULLY, teru-ful-14, or fi-riful-14, adv. Ti-
morously, in fear; terribly, dreadfully.
FEAUFUUNESS, feixif&l-nes, or i£riffil-n&, s.
fear.
FEARLESS, A*reil£s, adj. Free from fear, intrepid.
FEASIBILITY, fe-ze-bll-^-le, s. A thing practicable.
FEASIBLE, f^ze-bl, adj. 227. Practicable, that
may be effected.
FEASIBLY, f£'-z£-b\£, adv. Practicably.
FEAST, fWst, S. 227. An entertainment of the ta-
ble, a sumptuous treat of great numbers ; an anniver-
sary day of rejoicing ; something delicious to the palate.
To FEAST, feest, v. n. To eat sumptuously.
To FEAST, fWst, v. a. To entertain sumptuously ,
to delight, to pamper.
FEASTER, ftlestiQr, s. One that fares deliciously ;
one that entertains magnificently.
FEASTFUL, feest-f&l, adj. Festive, joyful ; luxuri-
ous, riotous.
FEASTRITE, f^estWte, s. Custom observed in en-
tertainments.
FEAT, fcte, s. 227. Act, deed, action, exploit ; a
trick, a ludicrous performance.
FEAT, fthe, adj. Ready, skilful, ingenious ; nice,
neat.
FEATEOUS, f^-te fis, or fe-tshe fis, adj. 263.
Neat, dexterous.
FEATEOUSLY, fe-te-&s-l£, adv. Neatly, dexterously.
FEATHER. f£rni&r, s. 98. 234. The plume of
birds; an ornament, an empty title; upon a horse, a
. sort of natural frizzling hair. »
To FEATHER, fth-H-ur, v. a. To dress in feathers;
to fit with fia' hers ; to tread as a cock; to enrich, to
adorn ; to feather one's .nest, to get riches together.
FEATHERBED, fih-H-iir b£d, s. A bed stuffed with
feathers.
FEATHERDRIVER, f^TH'&r-drl-v&r, 5. One who
cleanses feathers.
FEATHERED, f^THifird, adj. 359. Clothed with
featheis, filled with feathers, carrying feathers.
FEAIHF.REDGE, f&rH-&r &lje, s. Boards or planks
that have one edge thinner than anothei, are called
featheredge stuff.
FEATHEREDGKD, f^TH-fir-ddjd, adj. Belonging
to a fi atheredge.
FEATHERFEW, te
FEATHERLESS, f^
thers.
FEATHERSELLER,
sells feathers.
FEATHERY, feru'-hr-l, adj. Clothed with feathers.
FEATLY, f^tiil^, adi>. Neatly, nimbly.
FEATNF.SS, fett-in^s, «. Neatness, dexterity.
FEATURE, f^-tshure, i. 462. The cast or make of
the face ; any lineament or single part of the face.
To FEAZE, ftize, v. a. To untwist the end of a
rope ; to beat.
FEBRIFUGE, feb^re-fuje, s. Any medicine service-
able in a fever.
FEBRILE, f£biril, adj. 140. Constituting a fever j
proceeding from a fever.
FEBRUARY, ftWn'i a-
cond month in the jear
FECES,
, s. A plant.
l^s, adj. Without Tea.
i&r s5l-&r, s. One who
a-r^, s. The name of the se-
s. Dregs, lees, sediment, subsidence ;
.
FECULENCE, f£kA'i lense,
FECULENCY,
, 7
, $
*' Mudllincss-
,
lity of abounding with lees or sediment ; lees, feces, se-
diment, dregs.
FECULENT, tekifi ISnt, adj. Foul, dreggy, excrp-
mentitious.
FECUND, f^k-&nd, adj. Fruitful, prolifick __ See
Facvnd.
FECUNDATION,
making prohh'i:k.
s. The act of
FEL
200
FEN
*j- 5.59. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93, mil ^5— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, mite IflH,
T" FKCUNDIFY, fe-k&nide-f 1, v. a. To make fruit.
ful.
FECUNDITY, fi-kfin^di-ti, *. Fruitfulness, quality
of producing or bringing forth.
FFD, fid, preti-rit and part. i>ass. of To feed.
FEDARY, f&l-i-ri, *. A partner, or a dependant.
FEDERAL, fid^ir-il, adj. Relating to a league or
contract.
FEUERARY, fiiliir-A-ri, t. A confederate, an ac-
complice.
FEDERATE, f&ttir-ate, adj. 91. Leagued.
FEE, fee, *. 246. All lands and tenement* that
are held by any acknowledgment of superiority to a
higher lord ; recompense ; payments occasionally claim-
ed by persons in office; reward paid to physicians or
law\ ere.
To FEE, fee1, v. a. To reward, to pay; to bribe,
to keep in hire.
FKKBI.E, fee'bl, adj. 4O5. Weakly, debilitated,
sickly.
FEEBLEMINDED, fi-bl-mlnd^id, tulj. Weak of
mind.
FEEBLENESS, fe^bl-nes, *. Weakness, Imbecility,
infirmity.
FEEBLY, feeble, adv. Weakly, without strength.
Ti FEED, feed, v. a. 246. To supply with food ;
to graie, to consume by cattle; to nourish, to cherish;
to Keep in hope or expectation ; to delight, to entertain.
To FEED, feid, v. n. To take food ; to prey, to
live by eating ; to grow fat or plump.
FEED, feid, s. Food, that which is eaten ; pasture.
FEEDER, fiid-fir, J. One that gives food ; an ex-
citer, an encourager ; one that eats, one that eats nicely.
FEEFARM, fee-firm, 3. Tenure by which lands are
helil of a sup- rior lord.
To FEEL, feel, v. n. pret. Felt, part. pats. F«lt.
To have perception of things by the touch; to search
by feeling ; to have a quick sensibility of good or evil;
to appear to the touch.
To FEEL, feel, t>. a. 246. To perceive by the
touch ; to try, to sound ; to have sense of pain or plea-
sure ; to be affected by ; to know, to be acquainted
with.
FEEL, feel, s. The sense of feeling, the touch.
FEELER, feil-ur, s. One that feels ; the horns or
antennae of insects.
PEEUNS, fiil-lng, part. adj. Expressive of great
sensibility ; sensibly felt.
FEELING, feel-Ing, *. The sense of touch ; sensi-
bility, tenderness perception.
FEELINGLY, feeUlng-li, adv. With expression of
great sensibility ; so as to be sensibly felt.
^EET, feet, *. 246. The plural of Foot.
FEETLESS, feetMes, adj. Without feet.
To FEIGN, fane, v. a. 249. 385. To invent; to
make a show of, to do upon some false pretences ; to
di--.«cmble, to conceal.
To FEIGN, fane, p. n. To relate falsely, to Image
from the invention.
FEIGNEDLY, faneied-li, adv. 364. In fiction,
n rt truly.
FEIGNER, faneifir, s. In venter, contriver of fiction.
FEINT, fant, s. 249. A false appearance; a mock
assault
To FELICITATE, fe-llsie-tate, v. a. To make
happy; to congratulate.
FELICITATION, fe-Hs-e-ta^sh&n, *. Congratulation.
FELICITOUS, fe-llsie-t&s, adj. Happy.
FELICITY, fe-llsie-te, s. Happiness, prosperity,
blissfulness.
FKLINE, feline, adj. 14O. Like a cat, pertaining
to a cat.
FELL, fil, adj. Cruel, barbarous, Inhuman j savage,
ravenous, bloody.
FilLL, fel, i. The skin, the hide.
To FELL, fel, u. a. To knock down, to bring to
the ground ; to hew down, to cut down.
FELL, fel. The preterit of To fall.
FELLER, fil-lur, s. One that hews down.
FELLIFLUOUS, fil-ll£fli-&s, adj. 518. Flowing
with gal 1.
FELLMONGER, fil-mfing gfir, s. 381. A dealer in
hides.
FELLNESS, fil-nis, s. Cruelty, savageries*.
FELLOE, fel-16, *. 296. The circumference of
wheel, the outward part.
FELLOW, fel-lA, *. 327. An associate, one united
in the same affair ; one of the same kind ; one thing
suited to another, one of a pair ; a familiar appellation
used sometimes with fondness, sometimes with eon-
tempt ; mean wretch, sorry rascal ; a member of a
college that shares its revenue.
To FELLOW, feM6, v. a. To suit with, to pair
with.
FELLOW-COMMONER, fil-lA-kom-&n-&r, s. A
commoner at Cambridge of the higher order, who dines
with the fellows.
FtlLOW- CREATURE, fil-lo-kri^tshure, *. One
that has the same Creator.
FELT.OW-HEIR, fil-16-are/ s. Coheir.
FELLOW- HELPER, fil lo-hilpi&r, s. Coadjutor.
FELLOW -LABOURER, fil -lo-la-b&r &r, &. One -*ho
labours in the same design.
FELLOW-SERVANT, fel-li-sirivant, s. One that
has the same master.
FELLOW- SOLDIER, fil-li-s6lij6r, *, One who ftghu
under the same commander.
FELLOW-STUDENT, fel-lo-stiidint, ». One who
studies in company with another.
FELLOW-SUFFERER, fel-lo s&f^&r-ur, j. One who
shares the same evils.
FELLOW-FEELING, fel-lo-feeillng, s. Sympathy ;
combination, joint Interest
FELLOWLIKE, fil-lo-llke, 7 adj. Like a companion,
FELLOW LY, f§l-lo-li, 3 on equal terms.
FELLOWSHIP, fil-lo-shlp, s. Companionship, asso-
ciation ; equality > partnership ; frequency of inter-
course, social pleasure; fitness and fontlness fur festal
entertainments ; an establishment in the college wi:h
share in its revenue.
FELLY, fil-li, adv. Cruelly, inbumanry, savagely.
FELO-DE-SE, fe-16-de-se,' s. In law, he that coia-
mitteth felony by murdering himself.
FELON, fil-&n, s. 1 66. One who has committed a
capital crime ; a whitlow, tumour, formed between the
bone and its investing membrane.
FELON, fil-frn, adj. Cruel, traitorous, inhuman.
FELONIOUS, fi 16-ni-&s, adj. Wicked, traitorouc,
villanous, malignant.
FELONIOUSLY, fe-lAini-fis-li, adv. In a fekmiou*
way.
FELONY, fil-in-i, 5. A crime denounced capital
by the law.
FELT, felt The preterit of Feel.
FELT, filt, *. Cloth made of wool united without
weaving ; a hide or skin.
FELUCCA, fe-16kia, *. A small open boat with six
oars.
FEMALE, f&male, l. A the, one of the §ex which
brings young.
FEMALE, female, adj. Not masculine, belonging
to a she.
FEMINALITY, fim-i-niW-te, j. Female nature.
FEMININE, fimAe-uln, adj. 150. Of the sex that
brings young, female; soft, tender, delicate ; effemin-
ate, emasculated.
FEMORAL, fimio-i&l, adj. Belonging to the thigh
FEN, fin, 5. A marsh ; low, flat, and moist grouiitl
a moor, a bog.
FENBEIIRY, fia-bir-ri, *. A kiu
FER
201
FES
n5r 167, nit 163— tibe 171, tftb 172, bull 173—oH 299 — pSfind 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
FENCE, f£nse, S. Guard, security, outwork, dffence ;
enclosure, mound, hedge; the art of fencing, defence;
skill in defence.
To FENCE, f£nse, v- a. To enclose, to secure by
an enclosure or hedge ; to guard.
To FENCE, fins-, v. n. To practise the arts of
manual defence ; to guard against, to act on the defen-
sive ; to tight according to art.
FENCELESS, fdns«-l£s, adj. Without enclosure, open.
FENCER, f£n-s&r, *. One who teaches or practises
the use of weapons.
FENCIBLE, fdn-s^ bl, adj. 405. Capable of defence.
FENCING-MASTER, fen.£slng-mas-t&r, ». One who
teaches the use of weapons.
FENCING-SCHOOL, f£n-sing-sk6ol, *. A place in
which the use of weapons is taught.
Tit FEND, f&id, v. a. To keep off, to shut out.
To FEND, feud, v. n. To dispute, to shift off a
charge.
FENDER, f5nirl&r, s. A plate of metal laid before
the five to hinder coals that fall from rolling forward to
a ship
ing forw
the floor; any thing laid or hung at the side of
to keep off violence.
FENERATION, f£n-£r-a£sh&n, s. Usury, the gain
of interest.
FENNEL, f3n-n£l, s. 99. A plant of strong scent.
FENNY, f&i-ni, adj. Marshy, boggy ; inhabiting
the marsh.
FENNYSTONES, f?n-n£-st&nz, s. A plant
FENSUCKEO, fon-sukt, adj. Sucked out of marshes.
FEOD, fiide, *. Fee, tenure.
FEODAL, fdi-dil, adj. Held of another.
FEODARY, f£l^da-rd, 5. One who holds his estate
under the tenure of suit and service to a superior lord.
To FEOFF, f&f, v. a. 256. To put in possession, to
invest with right.
ft^T- 1 had always supposed that the diphthong in this
word and in its compound enfeqff" was pronounced like
the long open e, but upon inquiry into its actual pronun-
ciation by the gentlemen of the law, found I had been in
an error; and though Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Scott mark
'ith the short e, they are in the same error respect-
FERMENTATIVE, f3r-m£n-ta-tlv, adj. Causing
fermentation.
FERN, f£rn, t. A plant.
FERNY, f£rn£i, adj. Overgrown with fern.
FEROCIOUS, te-r6-slu*is, adj. 357. Savage, fierce.
FEROCITY', fi-r&si^-t^, s. Savageness, fierceness.
FERREOUS, ter-ri-is, adj. Consisting of iron, be-
longing to iron.
FERRET, f^r'-rlt, s. 99. A quadruped of the wea-
sel kind, used to catch rabbits ; a kind of narrow lib-
band.
To FKRRET, f&r-r\t, v. a. 99. To drive out of
lurking places.
FERRETER, f£r£r1t-&r, j. One that hunts another
in his privacies.
FERRIAGE, fSriri-idje, *. 90. The fare paid at a
ferry.
FERRUGINOUS, f5r-ri-jln-&s, adj. Partaking of
the particles and qualities of iron.
FERRULE, f£r-ril, s. An iron ring put round any
thing to keep it from cracking.
To FERRY, l'£rir^, v- a. To carry over in a boat.
FERRY, f£rir£, s. A vessel of carriage ; the pas-
sage over which the ferryboat passes.
FERRYMAN, f£rir£-man, *. 88. One who keeps a
ferry, one who for hire transports goods and passengers.
FERTILE, f£ritll, adj. 140. Fruitful, abundant.
FERTILENESS, f&r£i!l-n£s, s. Fruitfulncss, fecun-
dity.
FERTILITY, f3r-t!Ui-t£, s. Abundance, fruitfu1-
ne-s.
To FERTILIZE, fSritll-llze, t/. a. To make fruit-
ful, to make plenteous, to make productive.
FERTILY, ftr-til-e, adv. Properly Fertilely.
Fruitfully, pleuteously.
FERVENCY, fer£v£n-s£, s. Heat of mind, ardour ;
flame of devotion, zeaL
FERVENT, f3r-v£nt, adj. Hot, boiling ; hot in tem-
per, vehement ; ardour in piety, warm in zeal.
FEKVENTLY, f£ri-v£nt-lti, adv. Eagerly, veheaienU
/•o/7'with the short e, they are in the same error respect- , . ith _(„„. ardour
logtnfroff; »htch they mark with the long e. Dr. Ken- T,ly> wlln ?5r, ft j. „ .
rick and Nlr. Barclay are under the iame mistake mfrff. *EBVID, leiMd, adj. Hot, burnmg, boiling ; v
by pronouncing the diphthong long ; and Mr. Nares is | hement, eager, zealous.
wrong also in pronouncing enfeuff in the same manner, j FERVIDITY, f^r-vld-i-te, s. Heat, zeal, ardour.
Mr. Perry is the only one who is right in pronouncing the
diphthong short in both. So much, however, had my
ear been used to the long sound of this diphthong, that
it escaped me in the words enfe^(fa.nd enfeoffment ; which,
to be consistent, I ought certainly to Have marked with
the short sound, as in feoff 'and feoffee.
FEOFFEE, f&f-f<W, s. One put in possession.
FEOFFER, f£fifir, ». One who gives possession of
any thing.
FEOFFMENT, f3f-m3nt, s. The act of granting
possession.
FERACITY, f^-rAs^-t^, s. Fruitfulness, fertility.
FERAL, fd-ril, adj. Funeral, mournful.
FERIATION, W-r^-atsh&n, *. 534. The act of
keeping holiday.
FERINE, fd-rlne, adj. 140. Wild, savage.
FERINENESS, f£-rlne-n3s, s. Barbarity, savageness.
FERITY, f£ri£-t£, s. Barbarity, cruelty, wild ness.
To FERMENT, f&r-m&ntf v a. To exalt or rarefy
by intestine motion of parts.
T,> FERMENT, f$r-m£nt/ v. n. To have the parts
put into intestine motion.
FERMENT, f&r-m&nt, s. 492. That which causes
intestine motion; the intestine motion, tumult.
FERMENTABLE, f£r-m5nt-i-bl, adj. Cajwiile of
fermentation.
FERMENT AL, fi?r-m3nt-ll, adj. Having the power
to cause fermentation.
FERMENTATION, f£r-m3n-ta-sh&n, s. A slow-
motion of the intestine particles of a mixed body, ans- ' FESTUCINE, fes-tfc sin, adj. 140. Straw colour.
ins. usual'v from the operation of borne active acid mat- . pESTUCOUS, ffis-til-k&S, adj. Made of straw,
ter.
FEHVIDNESS, l^r-vid-n^s, s. Ardour of micd, zeal.
FERULA, i'^riil-13., s. An instrument with which
young scholars are beaten on the hand.
FERVOUR, f^r-vir, s. 314. Heat, warmth j heal
of mi: d, zeal.
FESCENNINE, f6s-s£n-nlne, adj. Belonging to a
kind of wanton obscure poetry sung by the aucieut Ko-
maut at weddings.
FESCUE, f^s^kfi, s- A small wire by which those
who teach to read point out the .etters.
FESTAL, f£s-til, adj. Belonging to a feast ; fes-
tive, joyous.
To FESTER, f<§s£t&r, v. n. To rankle, to corrupt,
to grow virulent.
FESTINATE, f.5s-t&-uate, adj. Hasty, hurried,
FESTINATELY, f&>it£-uate-lti,ac/t;. Hastily, speed-
FESTINATION, f5s-t^-na-sh6n, s. Haste, hurry.
FESTIVAL, f&>£tti-val, adj. Pertaining to feasts,
joyous.
FESTIVAL, f£s£t£-vAl, s. Time of feast, anniversa-
ry day of civil or religious joy.
FESTIVE, f£sitiv, adj. 140. Joyous, gay.
FESTIVITY, f<ls-tlvJ4-t£, i. Festival, time of rejoic-
ing ; gaiety, joylulness.
FESTOON, fes-t66n/ s. In architecture, an orna-
ment <.'f carved work in the form of a wreath or garland
of flowers, or leaves twisted togeiher.
FIC
FIE
559. FAte 73, far 77, fSH S3, fAt 81 — m«* 93, nigt 95 — pine 105, pin i07 — 1>6 1 62, mSrc 164,
To FETCH, f^tsh, v. a. To go and bring ; to strike
at a distance; to produce by some kind of force; to
. reach, to arrive at ; to obtain as its price.
To FETCH, f£tsh, ». n. To move with a quick re-
turn.
FETCH, f£tsh, *. A stratagem by which any thing
.is indirectly performed, a trick, an artifice.
FETCHER, f^tsli'&r, j. One that fetches.
FETID, f£t-id, adj. 296. Stinking, rancid. — See
Fetus.
FETIDNESS, f£tUd-n£s, *. The quality of stinking.
FETLOCK, f<h-16k, *. A tuft of hair that grows be-
hind the pastern joint.
FETTER, f^t-tur, s. It is commonly used in the
plural, Fetters. Chains for the feet,
To FETTER, fh-tiir, v. a. To bind, to enchain, to
shackle, to tie.
To FETTLE, fh-tl, V. a. 405. To do trifling busi-
ness, to bustle.
FETUS, fe-t&s, *. 296. 489. Any animal in em-
bryo, any thing yet in the womb.
Jt^> Whence can arise the different quantity of the e in
Fetus, ami Fetid V Till a better reason appear, let us sup-
pose the following : Fetiu, except the diphthong, retains
its Latin form, and therefore is naturally pronounced with
its first syllable long. Fetiil is anglicised ; and as most of
these anglicised words of two syllables are derived from
Latin words of three, where the first, be it short or long,
is in our English-Latin pronounced short, the same sylla-
ble in the English words is generally short likewise. This
has established something like a rule; and this rule has
shortened the first syllable of Fetid, though long in the
Latin Fistidus.—Sce Drama.
FEUD, fude, *. 264. Quarrel, contention.
FEUDAL, fdi-dAl, adj. Pertaining to fees or tenures
by which lands are held of a superior lord.
FEUDAL, fu-dAl, s. A dependence, something held
by tenure.
FEUDATORY, f&idA-t&i--^, «. One who holds not
in chief, but by some conditional tenure. — For the o,
see Domtstick.
FEVER, te-vftr, *. A disease in which the body is
violently heated, and the pulse quickened, or in which
heat and cold prevail by turns. It is sometimes con-
tinual, sometimes intermittent. —
FEVERET, f^-vftr-^t,' s. A slight fever, fcbricula.
FEVERFEW, fe-vur-fi, s. A herk
FEVERISH, fe-vur-1sh, adj. Troubled with a fever ;
tending to a fever; uncertain, inconstant, now hot,
now cold ; hot, burning.
FEVERISHNESS, feivur-lsh-n?s, s. A slight disor
der of the feverish kind.
FEVEROUS, f&v5r-fts,. adj. Troubled with a fever
or ague; having the nature of a fever; having a ten-
dency to produce fevers.
FEVERY, l&vir-4, adj. Diseased with a fever.
FEW, fh, adj. Not many, not a great number.
FEW EL, ffWl, S. 99. Combustible matter, as fire-
wood, coal.
FEWNESS, fu^n^s, s. Smallness of number.
FlB, fib, *. A lie, a falsehood.
To FlB, fib, t>. n. To lie, to tell lies.
FlBBER, fib^bur, s. A teller of fibs,
FIBRE, fi-bfir. s. 416. A small thread or string.
FlBUIL, fibril, s. A small fibre or string.
FIBROUS, fii-br&s, a(lj, 314. Composed of fibres or
stamina.
FlBULA, flbifi-lA, $. The outer and lesser bone of
the leg, much smaller than the tibia.
FlCKLE, fikikl, adj. 405. Changeable, inconstant,
unsteady ; not fixed, subject to vicissitude.
FICKLENESS, flkikl-n£s, s. Inconstancy, uncer-
tainty, unsteadiness.
FlCKI.Y, fik-kl-1^, adv. Without certainty or sta-
bility.
FICTILE, flk-tll, adj. I 40. Manufactured by the
potter.
FICTION, flk-slifin, *. The act of feigning 01
inventing ; the thing feigned or invented ; a falsehood,
a lie.
FlCTIOUS, fik-shus, adj. 292. Fictitious, imagi-
nary.
FICTITIOUS, fik-tlsh-us, adj. Counterfeit, not ge-
, nuine; feigned; not real, not true.
FICTITIOUSLY, flk-tishius-le, adv. Falsely, coun-
terffitly.
FlDDLE, fld^l, $. A stringed instrument of musick,
a violin.
To FlDDLE, fld-dl, »>. n. 405. To play upon the
fiddle; to trifle, to shift the hands often, and do no-
thing.
FlDDLEFADDLE, fld-dl fid'dl, *. Trifles. A
cant word.
FIDDLER, fldWl-&r, s. A musician, one that plays
upon the fiddle.
FIDDLESTICK, fldMl-S'lk. *. The bow and hair
which a fiddler draws o\er the strings of a fiddle.
FlDDI.ESTRlNG, fid-dl-strlng, s. The string of a
fiddle.
FIDELITY, f£-d£W-t£, s. 126. Honesty, faithful
adherence.
To FIDGE, fldje, 7
To FIDGET, rfdj4t, 99. { * "" To move nimlll-v
and irregularly. A cant word.
FlDUCIAL, f^-duishal, adj. 126. 357. Confident,
undoubting.
Itj- For the impropriety of pronouncing the second
syllable of this and the two following words, as if written
)oo, as Mr. Sheridan has marked them, see Principles, No.
376, and 472. ....
FIDUCIARY, f£.du-sh|l- A- !•£,.*• One who holds any
thiiijg in trust ; one who depends on faith without works.
FIDUCIARY, ft^du-shd-A-ri, adj. Confident, stea-
• dy, undoubting.
FlEF, fedf, s. A fee, a manor, a possession held liy
some tenure of a superior.
FlEI.D, f&ld, *. 275. Ground not inhabited, not
built on ; cultivated tract of ground } the open coun-
try, opposed to quarters ; the ground of battle,; the
ground occupied by an army i a wide expanse ; space,
compass, extent ; in heraldry, the surface of a shit-Id.
FIELDED, fWl^dikl, adj. Being in a field of lottle.
FlELD-BASli., ft!'eld-baz-ll, s. A plant.
FlELDBED, f&ld-b&l, s. A bed contrived to be set
up easily in the field.
FIELDFARE, f<Hifare, s. 515. A bird.
FlELDMARSHAL, fWld .m&r-shAl, s. Commander
of an army in the field.
FlELDXIOUSE, fWldfmo&se, s. A mouse that bur.
rows in banks.
FlELDOFFICER, fe£ld-6f-f^-s&r, s. An officer
whose command in the field extends to a whole regi-
ment, as the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major.
FlELDPIECE, leeld-peest', s. Small cannon used
in battles, but not in .Mc-ges.
FlEND, f^end, *. "75. An enemy, the great ene-
my of mankind, .Satan ; any infernal being.
FlLRCE, feerse, or I'^rse, adj. Savage, ravenous ;
vehement; outrageous; angry, 1'uiious; strong, for-
cible.
jt^" The first mode of pronouncing this word is the
most general; the second is heard chielly on the stage.
Actors, who have such continual occasion to express the
passions, feel a propiiety in giving a short vowel sound to
a word denoting a rapid and violent emotion ; and there-
fore, though this pronunciation may be said to be gram-
matically improper, it is philosophically right — See Clieel-
fvL
FIERCELY, Kerse^l^ or f^rse-le, adv. Violently,
rurioudv.
FIERCENESS, fe^rse'n^s, or ferst-n^s, * Ferocity,
savageness ; violence, outrageous passion.
FlF.KlFACIAS, li tl-re-fa-sh6s, s. 88. In law, a
judicial writ from him that has recovered in .in action
of debt or damages, to the sherift", to command him to
levy the debt, or the damages.
FIL
203
FIN
-ftor 167, nJh 163— tube 171, lib 172, bill 17.1— ill 299— pSund 313— thin 466 — THis 469,
FlERINESS, fWr £ n£s, s. Hot qualifies • neat, a- FILAMENT, ftUtWn<, s. A slender thread, a
crimony ; heat of temper, intellectual ardour. | body slender and long like a thread.
FlERY, f l^r <*, adj. Consisting of fire ; hot like FlI.BEUT, flU-bart, s. 98. A fine hazel nut with a
fire; vehement, ardent, active; passionate, outrage- ! thin shell,
ous, easily provoked ; unrestrained, fierce; heated by To FlLCH, fllsh, v. n. To rtcal, to pilfer.
FlLCHER, f llsh-ur, s. 98. A thief, a petty robber.
FlLE, file, $. A thread ; a line on which papers
are trung ; a catalogue, roll ; a line of soldiers ranged
one behind another ; an instrument to smooth ir.eul*.
FlI.ECUTTEtt, flk'-kat-&r, «. A maker of files.
To FtLE, file, v. a. To string upon a thread or
; wire; to cut with a file ; to foul, to sully, to pollute.
fire.
FlFE, fife, *. A pipe blown to the drum.
FIFTEEN, f lf-teen, adj. Five and ten.
FIFTEENTH, f\C-tti^nth, adj. The fifth after the
tenth.
FIFTH, f\''th, adj. The next to the fourth.
FIFTHLY, lIl//4-le, ado. In the fifth place.
FIFTIETH, fllW &th, aiij. 279. The next to the
forty-ninth.
FIFTY, f\?-t&, adj. Five tens.
FlG, fig, s. A tree that bears figs; the fruit of the
fig-tree.
FlGAPPLE, flg-Ap-pl, s. 405. A fruit.
FlGMARIGOLD, f ig-mar£e-g6ld, s. A plant.
To FIGHT, flte, v. n. Prefer. Fought. Part. pass.
Fought. To contend in battle, to make war ; to con-
tend in single fight ; to contend.
To FlGHT, flte, v. a. To war against, to combat
against.
FlGHT, fite, *. Battle ; combat, duel ; something
to screen the combatants in ships.
FIGHTER, fi-tftr, s. Warriour, duellist
FIGHTING, fitting, part. adj. Qualified for war, fit
for battle; occupied by war.
FlGMENT, flgim&it, s. An invention, a fiction, the
idea feigned.
FlGPECKER, flgiplk-&r, s. A bird.
FlG U LATE, fig-h-late, adj. 91. Made of potter's
clay.
FlGURABLE, flgiu-ri-bl, adj. Capable of being
brought to a certain form, and retained in it. Thus
lead is figurable, but not water.
FlGURABILITY, fig u-ri-blW t£, s. The quality
of being capable of a certain and stable form.
FlGURAL, flg-u ril, adj. .Belonging to a figure.
FlGURATE, flg-u-rate, adj. 91. Of a certain and
determinate form; resembling any thing of a determi-
nate form.
FIGURATION, flg-u-raishun, s. Determination to
a certain form ; the act of giving a certain form.
FIGURATIVE, f ig-ii-r5 tlv, adj. Representing some-
thing else, typical; not literal ; full of rhetorical exor-
nations.
FIGURATIVELY, flgiu-rA-tlv-le, adv. By a figure,
;
To FlLE, file, v. n. To march in file, not abreast,
j but one behind another.
I FlLEMOT, f il-e-mot, s. A brown or yellow brown
I colour.
FILER, f'lilur, i. 98. One who files, one who uses
the file in cutting metals.
FILIAL, fll-yal, adj. 113. Pertaining to a son, be.
fitting a son ; bearing the character or relation of a son.
FILIATION, fll-4 a-sh&n, s. The relation of a son
to a father, correlative to paternity.
FlLlNdS, fl-llngs, j. Fragments rubbed offby the file.
To FILL, ftl, v. a. To store till no more can be
admitted ; to |>our liquor into a vessel till it reaches
the top ; to satisfy, to content ; to glut, to surfeit ; to
fill out, to pour out liquor for drink, to extend by some.
thing contained ; to fill up, to make full, to supply, to
occupy by bulk.
To FlLL, f II, v. n. To give to drink ; to grow full •
to glut, to satiate.
FlLL, f ll, s. As much as may produce complete
satisfaction ; .the place between the shafts of a carriage.
FILLER, fll'l&r, s. Any thing that fills up room
without use; one whose employment is to fill vessels of
carriage.
FlLLET, flWlt, s. 99. A band tied round the head
or other part; the fleshy part of the thigh, applied
commonly to veal ; meat rolled together and tied
round; in archi'ecture, a little member which appears
in the ornaments and mouldings, and is otherwise call-
ed listel.
To FILLET, fllMlt, v. a. To bind with a bandage
or fillet ; to adorn with an astragal.
To FlLLIP, fll-llp, n. a- To strike with the nail
of the finger by a sudden spring.
FlLLlP, fll-llp, 5. A jerk of the finger let go from
in a sense different from that which
jn ply.
.
vords originally
FIGURE, figure, s. The figure of any thing as ter-
•minated by the outlines; shape; person, external form,
appearance, mean or grand; distinguished appearance,
eminence, remarkable character; a statue, an image;
representations in painting ; a character denoting a
number ; the Horoscope, the diagram of the aspecis of
the astrological houses ; in theology, type, representa-
tive ; in rnetorick, any mode of speaking in which
words are detortcd from ihcir literal and primitive sense;
in grammar; any deviation from the rules of analogy
Or syntax.
IfJ- There is a coarse and a delicate pronunciation of
this, word and its compound*. The first is such a pro-
nunciation as makes the u short and shut, as if written
figgur : the last preserves the sound of u open, as if y
were prefixed, Af-yare. That this is the true sound of
open «, see Principles, No. 8.
To FIGURE, Cig-uro, v. a. To form into any de-
termined shape; to cover or adorn with figures ; to di-
versify ; to represent by a typical or aginative resem-
blance; to Image in the mind; to form figuratively,
to use in a sense not literal.
FlGWORT, flg-\vCtrt, s. A plant.
FILACEOUS, fe-laislitis, adj. 357. Consisting of
threads.
FlLACEU, flUA-sfir, .?. 98. An officer in the Com-
mon ljleaj, so called because he files those writs where
oil he makes process.
the thumb.
FlLLY, f 11-1£, s.
pr young Horse
A young mare ; opposed to a colt
FlLM, film, s. A pellicle or thin sRin.
To FILM, f ilm, v. a. To cover with a pellicle or
thin skin.
FlLMY, fil-mi, adj. Composed of thin membranes
or pellicles.
To FILTER, flUtur, v. a. To clear by drawing off
liquor by depending threads ; to strain, to percolate.
FILTER, fll-tul-, s. A twist of thread, of wliich one
end is dipped in the liquor to be cleared, and the other
hangs below the bottom of the vessel, so that the liquor
drips from it ; a strainer.
FlLTH, filth, s. Dirt, nastiness ; corruption, pol-
FlLTHJLY, (lltk'-t-U, adv. Nastily, foully, grossly.
FlLTHINESS, fll//i-t*-n£s, s. Nastiness, foulness,
dirtiness; corruption, pollution.
FILTHY, t'Ml/i'-e, adj. Nasty, f<
polluted.
foul, dirty ; gross,
To FILTRATE, fll-trate, »>. a. 91. To strain, to
percolate.
FILTRATION, fll tra-sh&n, s. A metho.1 by which
liquors are procured fine and clear.
FiMBRlATED, flm-bre-a- ted, adj. Fringed, edged
round, jagged.
FlN, fin, i'. The wing of a fish.
FiX-FOOTEU, fm-f&t-Od, ndj- Having feet with
membranes between the toot.
FIN
204
FIR
559. FAte7S, fir 77, fill S3, fit 81— me. 93, rn5t 95— pine 105, pin 1O7— ni 162, mftve 164.
FINABLE, fi-nJ-bl, adj. 405. That admits a fine.
FINAL, fi-nal, adj. 88. Ultimate, last ; conclusive ;
mortal ; respecting the end or motive.
FINALLY, fl-nal-e;, adv. Ultimately, in conclusion,
completely, without recovery.
FINANCE, fd-nanse/ s. Revenue, income, profit.
FINANCIAL, X$-nanishal, adj. Relative to finance.
FINANCIER, fln-nan-se^r,' s. 357. One who col-
lects or farms the pubiick revenue.
FlNARY, fi-na-re, s. The second forge at the iron
mills.
FlNCH, flnsh, S. A small bird ; of which we have
three kinds, the goldfinch, the chaffinch, and bulfinch.
To FIND, find, e. a. To obtain by searching or
seeking: to obtain something lost ; to meet with, to
fall upon; to know by experience ; to discover by stu-
dy ; to discover what is hidden ; to hit on by chance, to
perceive by accident; to detect, todeprehend, to catch;
to determine by judicial verdict ; to supply, to furnish,
as he finds me in money ; in law, to approve, as to find
a bill ; to find himself; to fare with regard to ease or
pain ; to find out, to unriddle, to solve ; to discover
something hidden, to obtain the knowledge of ; coin
vent
FINDER, finder, *.
One that meets or falls upon
any thing ; one that nicks up any thing lost.
FlNDFACLT, flnd-falt, ». A censurer, a caviller.
FlNE, fine, orf/'. Refined, pure, free from dross ;
subtile, thin, as, the fine spirits evaporate ; refined ;
keen, smoothly sharp ; clear, pellucid, as, the wine is
fine; nice, delicate; artful, dexterous; elegant, with
elevation ; beautiful, with dignity ; accomplished, ele-
gant of manners ; showy, splendid.
FlNE, fine, & A mulct, a pecuniary punishment ;
penalty ; forfeit, money paid for any exemption,
liberty ; the end, conclusion.
To FINE, fine, c. a. To refine, to purify : to make
transparent; to punish with pecuniary penalty.
To FINE, fine, v. n. To pay a fine.
To FINEDRAW, fine^draw, v. a. To sew up a
rent with so much nicety that it is not perceived.
FlNEDRAWER, finei<lraw-5r, $. One whose busi-
ness is to sew up rents.
FlNEFlNGERED, fineiflng-gJird, adj. Nice, art-
ful, exquisite.
FINELY, fiue-l£, adv. Beautifully, elegantly ; keen,
ly, sharply ; in small parts; wretchedly [ironically.]
FINENESS, flne^n^s, s. Elegance, delicacy ; show,
splendour ; artfulness, ingenuity ; purity, freedom from
dross or base mixtures.
FlNERY, fl-n&r-£, S. 557. Show, splendour of ap-
pearance.
FINESSE, fe-nes/ * 126. Artifice, stratagem.
FINER, fi-nur, *. 98. One who purifies metals.
FlNE-SPOKEN, flne^spo-kn, adj. Affectedly polite.
" Dear madam, be HOT he's a Jint-tpokm man.
FlNGER, flngig&r, s. 381. The flexible member
of the hand by which men catch and hold; a small
measure of extension ; the hand, the instrument of
work.
To FINGER, flng-gJir, v. a. To touch lightly, to
toy with; to touch unseasonably or thievishly; to
touch an instrument of musick; to perform any work
exquisitely with the finders.
FINGLEFANGLE, flng-gl-fingigL, *. A trifle.
FINICAL, flnie~kal, adj. Nice, foppish.
FlNICALLY, fln^e-kal-t*, adv. Foppishly.
FlNirALNESS, fln££-kal-n£s, s. Sui>ernuous nicety.
To FINISH, f In-Ish, v. a. To bring to the end
proposed, to perfect, to polish to the excellency in-
tended.
FINISHER, f In-lsh- &r, s. One that finishes.
FINITE, finite, adj. 126. Limited, bounded.
FlNlTEI.ESS, flinlte-l£s, adj. Without bound*, un-
limited.
FINITELY, fUnlte-le, adv. fc"ith certain limits, to
a certain degree.
FINITENESS, fi-nlte-n£s,
FINITUDE, flnie-tude,
». Limitation, con-
finement within certain boundaries.
FlNLESS, fln-l&s, adj. Without fins.
FlNLIKE, fin-like, adj. Formed in imitation of fins.
FlNNED, find. adj. 362, Having broad edges
spread out on either side.
FlNNY, flu-ne:, adj. Fuinished with fins, formed
for the element of water.
FlNTOED, fin-tide, adj. Having a membrane be-
tween the toes.
FlNOCHiO, fe-n6^she-&, s. Fennel
FlR, fer, s. 109. The tree of which deal-boards an;
made.
FlRE, fire, s. The element that burns ; any thing
burning ; a conflagration of towns or countries ; the
punishment of the damned ; any thing that inflames
the passions ; ardour of temper; liveliness of imagina-
tion, vigour of fancy, spirit of sentiment; the }>avion
of love ; eruptions or imposthumatious, as, St. Antho-
ny's fire.
FIREARMS, flreiarmz, s. Arms which owe their
efficacy to fire, guns.
FIREBALL, fire-ball, s. Grenado, ball filled witi
combustibles, and bursting where it is thrown.
FlREBRUSH, fire-br&sh, *. The brush which hangs
by the fireside to sweep the hearth.
FlREDRAKE, fireAlrake, s. A 8ery serpent.
FlRENEW, flrtinii, adj. New from the forge, new
from the melting house.
FlRER, firei&r, 4. 98, An incendiary.
FIRESIDE, fire-side/ s. The hearth, the chimney.
FiRESTICK, flreistlk, s. A lighted stick or brand.
FIREWORKS, firt-w&rks, *. Preparations of gun-
powder to be exhibited for show or pubiick rejoicing.
To FlRE, fire, v. a To set on fire, to kindle; to
inflame the passions, to animate.
To FlRE, fire, v. n. To take fire, to be kindled ;
to be influenced with passion ; to discharge any fire-
arms.
FIREBRAND, fln-ibrind, s. A piece of wood kin-
dled ; an incendiary, one who inflames factions
FlRECROSS, fireikris, s. A token in Scotland for
the nation to take arms.
FlRELOCK, fire-15k, 5. A soldier's gun, a gun dis-
charged by striking steel with a flint.
FIREMAN, fire^min, *. 88. One who is employed
to extinguish burning houses.
FlREPAN, flreip;\n, s. A pan for holding orcarryii>g
Bre ; in a gun, the receptacle for the priming powder.
FlRESHIP, fire-ship, 4. A ship filled with combus-
tible matter, to fire the vessels of the enemy.
FlRESHOVEL, fli-tishuv-vl, * The instrument with
which the hot coals are thrown.
FIRESTONE, firt-istone, s. A hearth stone, stooe
that will bear the fire, the pyrites.
FIREWOOD, fire-wud, s. Wood to bum, fuel.
FIRING, fi-rlng, *• Fuel.
To FlRK, ferk, v. a. To whip, to beat.
FlRKIN, fe^r'-kln, *. A vessel containing nine gaj.
Ions ; a small vessel.
FIRM, f£rm, adj. 1O8. Strong, not easily pierced
or shaken; hard, opposed to soft; constant, steady,
resolute, fixed, unshaken ; the name or names under
which any house or trade is established; a commercial
word.
To FIRM, f£rm, v. a. To settle, to confirm, to es-
tablish, to fix; to fix without wandering.
FIRMAMENT, ferima-ment, c. The skj, the
heavens.
FlRMAMENTAL, fer-ma-mSnitil, adj. Celestial,
of the upper regions.
FIRMLY, ferm-l£, ado. Strongly, impenetrably ;
immoveably ; steadily, constantly.
FIRMNESS, ferm-nes, s. Stability, compactness •
steadiness constancy, resolution.
FIT
205
FLA
167, n&t 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bill 173— ill 299— p5und 313— thin 466— THIS 469.
The eld-
FIRST, ffirst, adj. 108. The ordinal of one ; ear-
liest in time; highest in dignity; great, excellent.
FlRST, ffirst, ailv. Before any thing else, earli-
est ; before any other consideration ; at the beginning,
at first.
FIRST GOT, ffirst-git,
FIRST-BEGOTTEN, ffirstib^-git-tn,
est of children.
FlRST-FRUITS, f&rst-fr<S5ts, $. What the season
first produces or matures of any kind ; the first profits
of any thing ; the earliest effects of any thing.
FIRSTLING, f&rst-llng, s. The first produce or off-
spring ; the thing first thought or done.
FlSC, flsk, s- Publick treasury.
FISCAL, fls-kal, S. 88. Exchequer, revenue.
FlSH, fish, s. An animal that inhabits the water.
To FlSH, fish, v. n. To be employed in catching
fish ; to endeavour at any thing by artifice.
To FlSH, fish, v. a. To search water in quest of fish.
FlSH -HOOK, flsh-h66k, s. A hook for catching fish.
FisHPOND, fish-pSnd, s. A small pool for fish.
FISHER, fisher, s. 98.
catching fish.
One who is employed in
FisHERBOAT, flsh-UT-bote, s. A boat employed
in catching fish.
FISHERMAN, flsh'&r-man, s. 88. One whose em-
ployment and livelihood is to catch fish.
FISHERY, flsh-ur-^, s. The business of catching
fish.
FlSHFUL, fishiful, adj. Abounding with fish.
To FiSHiFY, llsh^-fi, v. a. To turn to fish.
FiSHING, flsh-lng, s. Commodity of taking fish.
FlSHKETTLE, flsh-k£t-tl, s. 405. A caldron
made long for the fish to be boiled without bending.
FlSHMEAL, flshirnile, & Diet of fish.
FISHMONGER, fish-m&ng-gur, s. A dealer in fish.
FlSHY, fish-£, adj. Consisting of fish ; having the
qualities of fish.
FISSILE, fis-sll, adj. 140. Having the grain in
a certain direction, so as to be cleft.
FlSSILITY, fls-sll^e-te, s.' The quality of admitting
to be cloven.
FISSURE, flshisfiure, s. 452.
A cleft, a narrow
chasm where a breach has been made.
FlST, fist, s. The hand clenched with the fingers
doubled down.
FISTICUFFS, flsit^-k&fs, s. Battle with the fist.
FlSTULA, fls-tshu-la, s. 461. A sinuous ulcer cal-
lous within.
FlSTULAR, fls-tshii-lar, adj. 88. Hollow like a
pipe.
FlSTULOUS, flsitslitulus, adj. Having the nature
of a fistula.
FlT, fit, s. A paroxysm of any intermittent distem-
pers any short return after intermission; disorder,
distemperature; the hysterical disorders of women, and
the convulsions of children.
FlT, fit, adj. Qualified, proper ; convenient, meet,
right.
To FlT, fit, t;. a. To suit one tiling to another ; to
accommodate a perso.i with any thing; to-be adapted
to, to suit anything; to fit out, to furnish, to equip;
to fit up, to furnish, to make proper for use.
To FlT, fit, v. n. To be proper, to be fit.
FlTCH, fltsh, s. A small kind of wild pea.
FlTCHAT, fitsMIt, 7
\ S *'
A stinking little beast,
FITCHEW, flt-tshSd,
that robs the henroost and warren.
FlTFUL, flt-f&l, adj. Varied by paroxysmi.
FlTI.Y, f lt-1^, adv. Properly, justly, reasonably ;
eommodiously, meetly.
FlTNESS, fltin£s, J. Propriety, mectncss, just-
ness, reasonableness; convenience, commodity, the state
of being fit.
FITMENT, flt-m^nt, s. Something adapted to *
particular purpose.
FITTER, fit-tar, s. The person or thing that rc-n-
fers fitness for any thing.
FlVE, five, adj. Four and one, half of ten.
FlVELEAVED Grass, flveilWvd, 4. Cinquefoil, a
species of clover.
FIVES, fivz, s. A kind of play with a ball j a dis-
ease of horses.
To Fix, flks, v. a. To make fast ; to settle ; to di-
rect without variation ; to deprive of volatility ; to
transfix; to withhold from motion.
To Fix, flks, v. n. To determine the resolution;
forest, to cease to wander ; to lose volatility, so as to
be malleable.
FIXATION, flk-sa-shuil, s. Stability, firmnesc ;
confinement; want of volatility; reduction from flu-
idity to firmness.
FIXEDLY, fik£s£d-]d, adj. 364. Certainly, firmly.
FIXEDNESS, flkis£d-n£s, s. 365. Stability ; want
or loss of volatility ; steadiness, settled opinion or reso-
lution.
«• <1lr <-?,I^A »A •}
Coherence of parts.
FIXTURE, flksitshfire, s. 463 Firmness, stable
state; a piece of furniture fixed to a house.
FlXURE, flUshure, s. 479. Firmness, stable state.
FlZGIG, flz-glg, s. A kind of dart or harpoon, with
which seamen strike fish.
FLABBY, HalA>£, adj. Soft, not firm.
FLABILE, flab^ll, adj. 14O. Subject to be Mown,
airy.
FLACCID, flakisld, adj. We»k, limber, not stiff;
lax, not tense. — See Exaggerate.
FLACCIDITY, flak-sldie-t^, s. Laxity,
want of tension.
FlXIDITY,
FIXITY,
To FLAG,
V. n. To hang loose without stiff-
ness or tension ; to grow spiritless or dejected ; to grow
feeble, to lose vigour.
To FLAG, flag, v. a. To let fall, to suffer to droop ;
to lay with broad stones.
FLAG, flag, s. A water-plant with a broad-bladed
leaf and yellow flower ; the colours or ensign of a ship
or land forces ; a species of stoue used for smooth pa\ e-
ment.
FLAG-BROOM, flag-br33m, s. A broom for sweep-
ing flags or pavements.
FLAG-OFFICER, flagi5f-f£-sfir, 5. A commander «f
a squadron.
FLAG-SHIP, flag-ship, s. The ship in which the
commander of a fleet is.
FLAG-WORM, flagiw&rm, s. A grub bred in wa-
tery places among flags or sedge.
FLAGELET, fladj£-^-l£t, s. A small flute.
FLAGELLATION, fladje-£l-la-shfin, s. The use c«
the scourge.
FLAGGINESS, flag£g<*-n£s, s. Laxity, limberncs*.
FLAGGY, flag'g?, adj. 383, Weak, lax, limbtr ;
insipid.
FLAGITIOUS, fla-jlshifis, a<>j. Wicked, villancuv,
atrocious.
FLAGITIOUSNESS, fla-jfshtfis-nes, s. Wickedncs*,
villany.
FLAGON, fljg-fin, s. 166. A vessel of drink with
a narrow mouth
FLAGRANCY, fla^gran-si, s. Burning heat, fire.
FLAGRANT, flaigrant, adj. Ardent, burning, ea-
ger; glowing; red; notorious, flaming.
Fl.AGRATiON, fla-gra-shtin, s. Burning.
FLAGSTAFF, flagistlf, S. The staff on which the
Hag is fixed.
FLAIL, flale, *. 202. The instrument with which
grain is beaten out of the ear.
Fl.AKE, flake, S. Any thing that appears loosely hri.
together ; a stratum, layer, a lock of wool drawn out. •
2B
FLA
206
FLA
|> 5.59. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 —mi 93, m.5t 95— pine 105, pin 1 07— nA 1 62, m&vc 194
FLAKY, fla-k£, adj. Loosely hanging together ; ly-
ing in layers or strata, broken into lamina.
FLAM, film, s. A falsehood, a lie, an illusory pre
text.
To FLAM, flim, v. a. To deceive with a lie.
FLAMBEAU, fliin-l>6, s. 245. A lighted torch.
Plural Flambeaux.
FLAME, flame, s. Light emitted from fire ; a stream
of fire ; ardour of temper or imagination, brightness of
fancy; ardour of inclination ; passion of love.
To FLAME, flame, v. n. To shine as fire, to burn
witli emission of light ; to blaze ; to break out in vio-
lence of passion.
FLAME-COLOURED, flameikul-lurd, adj. 362. Of
a bright yellow colour.
FLAMEN, fla-m£n, s. 503. A priest in ancient
times, one that olficiated in solemn offices.
JfJ- If there be any case in which we are to take our
Eiujfish quantity from the Latin, it is in words of two
syllables which retain their Latin form, and have the
vowel in the first syllable long. — See Drama.
FLAMMATION, flam-ma-shcm, s. The act of set-
ting on flame.
FLAMMABIUTY, flim-mi-bil-£-t£, s. The quality
of admitting to be set on fire.
FLAMMEOUS, flarrAn£-us, adj. Consisting of
flames.
FLAMMIFEROUS, flam-mlfie-rus, adj. 518. Bring-
ing flame.
FLAMMIVOMOUS, flim-m!v£A-mus, adj. 528. Vo
miting out flame.
FLAMY, fla-m£, adj. Inflamed, burning ; having
the nature of flame.
FLANK, flingk, *. The part of the side of a quad
ruped near the hinder thigh ; in men, the latter part o
the lower belly ; the side of an army or fleet; in fortifi
cation, that part of the bastion which reaches from the
curtain to the fare.
2'o FLANK, flingk, v. a. To attack the side of
battalion or fleet ; to be posted so as to overlook or com
mand any pass on the side, to be on the side.
FLANKER, flingk-ar, s. A fortification jutting ou
so as to command the side, of a body marching to th
assault
FLANNEL, fl£u-n£l, s. 99, A soft nappy stuff o
wool.
Ff.AP, flap, s. Any thing that hangs broad an
loose; the motion of any thing broad and loose; th
noise made by that motion ; a disease in horses.
To FLAP, flip, v. a To beat with a flap, as flie
are beaten ; to move with a flap or noise.
To FLAP, flap, v- it. To ply the wings with noise
to fall with flaps or broad parts depending.
FLAPDRAGON, flip-drig-&n, s. A play in whic
they catch raisins out of burning brandy ; the thi
eaten at flapdragon.
FLAPEARED, flip-^rd, adj. 362. Having loos
and broad ears.
To FLARE, flare, v. n. To flutter with a splendi
show; to glitter with transient lustre; to glitter oflei
sively ; to be in too much light.
FLASH, flash, s. A sudden, quick, transitory blaze
sudden burst of wit or merriment ; a short transiei
vtate ; a body of water driven by violence.
To FLASH, flash, v. H. To glitter with a quick an
transient flame ; to burst out into any kind of violent
to break out into wit, merriment, or bright thought.
To FLASH, Hash, t/. a. To strike up large bodi
of water.
FLASHER, flAsh'&r, S. A nun of more appearan
of wit than reality.
FLASHILY, flash^e-le, adv. With empty show.
FLASHY, flash^, adj. Empty, not solid ; show
without substance ; insipid, without force or spirit.
FLASK, flask, s. A bottle, a vessel ; a powder nor
FLASKET, flask-It, A'. A vessel in which viands a
servvd.
VC, flit, artf. Horizontally level ; smooth, wit!
out protuberances ; without elevation ; level with tht
ground; lying horizontally prostrate, lying alonj; ; in
painting, without relief, without prominence of the fi-
gures ; tasteless, insipid ; duli, unanimated ; spiritless,
dejected; peremptory, absolute, downright; not sharp
in sound.
LAT, flit, s. A level, an extended plane ; even
ground, not mountainous ; a smooth low ground ex
posed to inundations ; shallow strand, place in the sea
where the water is not deep ; the broad side of a blade ;
depression of thought or language ; a mark or charac-
ter in musick.
'o FLAT, flit, v. a. To level, to depress, to make
broad and smooth ; to make vapid.
Ta FLAT, flat, v. n. To <,T«W flat, opposed to swell :
to become unanimated or vapid.
LATLONG, flit-ling, adv. With the flat down-
wards, not edgewise.
LATLY, flit-1^, ado. Horizontally, without incli-
nation; without prominence or elevation; without
spirit, dully, frigidly; peremptorily, downright.
'LATNESS, flit-n^s, s. Evenness, level extension ;
want of relief or prominence; deadness, insipidity,
vapidness; dejection of state ; dejection of mind, want
of life; dulness, insipidity, frigidity; the contrary to
shrillness or acuteness of sound,
"u FLATTEN, flit£tn, v. a. 405. To make even
or level, without prominence or elevation ; to b?.it down
to the ground ; to make vapid ; to deject, to depress,
to dispirit.
To FLATTEN fliti-tn, v. n. To grow even or level ;
to grow dull and insipid.
'LATTER, flit-tfir, s. 98. The workman or in-
strument by which bodies are flattened.
To FLATTER, flit^tur, v. a. To soothe with prais-
es, to please with blandishments ; to praise falsely ; to
raise false hopes.
'LATTERER, flit-tar-r&r, s. One who flatters, a
fawner, a wheedler.
^LATTERY, flit-t&r-e, S. 557. False praise, art
ful obsequiousness.
?LATTISH, flat-tlsh, adj. Somewhat flat, approach-
ing to flatness.
FLATULENCY, flitsh-h-l£n-s4, s. 461. Windi-
ness, turgidness ; emptiness ; vanity.
FLATULENT, flitsh-u l£ut, adj. Turgid with air,
windy ; empty, vain, big without substance or reality,
puffy.
FLATUOSITY, flitsh-ii.&s^ tt£, s. Windiness, ful-
ness of air.
FLATUOUS, flitsh'u-as, adj. Windy, full of wind.
FLATUS, fla-ttlS, 3. Wind gatheied in any cavities
of the body.
FLATWISE, flit-wlze, adv. With the flat down-
wards, not the edge.
To FLAUNT, flint, v. n. 214. To make a flut-
tering show in apparel; to be hung with something
loose and flying.
FLAUNT, flant, s. Any thing loose and airy.
FLAVOUR, fla-vnr, s. 314. Power of pleasing the
taste ; sweetness to the smell, odour, fragrance.
FLAVOUROUS, fla-vur-fcs, adj. 557. Delightful to
the palate ; fragrant, odorous.
FLAW, flaw, s. A crack or breach in any thing ; a
fault, a defect; a sudden gust; a violent blast; a tu-
mult, a tempestuous uproar ; a sudden commotion of
mind.
To FLAW, flaw, v. a. To break, to crack, to da-
mage with fissure.
FLAWLESS, fliwU^s, adj. Without cracks, without
defects.
FLAWY, flawed, adj. Full of flaws.
FLAX, fliks, s. The fibrous plant of which the
finest thread is made; the fibres of llaK cleansed and
combed for the spinner.
FLAXCOMB, <liks-k6in, s. The inst-ument with
which the fibres of tlax are cleansed from the brittle
parts.
FLAXDRESSF.II, fliks-drui-sCir, s. He that pre-
pares tliix for the spinner.
FLE
207
FLI
r»3r 167, not 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bill 173—61! 299 — p6und 313— thin 466— Tills
FLAXEN, flAWsn, adj. 103. Made of flax ; fair,
long, ami flowing.
Fr.AXWEED, fliks^we^d, s. A plant.
To FLAY, fla, v. a. 221. To strip off the skin ; to
take oft' the skin or surface of any thing.
JO" There is a common pronunciation of this word as
If spelled Jlea, rhyming with sia, which is every day grow-
ing more vulgar.
FLAYER, fla-ur, s. He that strips the skin off any
thing.
FLEA, fle1, s.
A small insect remarkable for its agi-
Red marks caused
lity in leaping
To FLEA, fie, v. a. To clean from fleas.
FLEABANE, fle-bane, s. A plant.
FLEABITE, fle'bite,
FLEABITING, fle-bi-tlng,
by fleas ; a small hurt or pain like that caused by the
sting of a flea.
FLEABITTEN, fleiblt-tn, adj. 103. stung by fleas;
mean, worthless.
FLEAK, fl^ke, s. A small lock, thread, or twist
To FLEAK, fleke, v. a. To spot, to streak, to stripe,
to dapple.
FLEAM, fleme, *. An instrument used to bleed
cattle.
FLEAWORT, fleiw&rt, s. A plant.
To FLECKER, flek^ur, v. a. To spot, to mark with
strokes or touches.
FLED, fl£d. The pret. and jxirl, of Flee.
FLEDGE, flldje, adj. Full-feathered, able to fly.
To FLEDGE, fle'dje, v. a. To furnish with wings, to
supply with feathers.
To FLEE, flei, v. n. pret. Fled. To run from
danger, to have recourse to shelter.
FLEECE, fl^ese, s. As much wool as is shorn from
one sheep.
To FLEECE, fleeSsp, v. a. To clip the fleece of a
sheep ; to strip, to plunder, as a sheep is robbed of its
WOOL
FLEECED, finest, adj. 359. Having fleeces of wool
Stripped or plundered.
Fl.EECY, flee^se", adj. Woolly, covered with wool.
To FLEER, fle^er, v. n. To mock, to gibe, to jest
with insojpnce and contempt ; to leer, to grin with an
air of civility.
FLEER, fle'er, s. Mockery expressed cither in words
or looks; a deceitful grin of civility.
FLEERER, fle^r-ur, s. 98. A mocker, a fawner.
FLEET, fle'et, *. A company of ships, a navy.
FLEET, fleet, 5. A creek, an inlet of water.
FLEET, fle^t, adj. Swift of pace, quirk, nimblo, ac-
tive ; skimming the surface.
To FLEET, fleet, v. n. To fly swiftly, to vanish ;
to be in a transient state.
To FLEET, fleet, v. a. To skim the water ; to live
merrily, or pass time away lightly.
FLEETLY, fleetile, adv. Swiftly, nimbly, with swift
pace.
FLEETNESS, fl^e" t-r.e's, s. Swiftness of course, nim-
bleness, celerity.
FLESH, fl£sh, s.
The body distinguished from the
soul ; the muscles distinguished from the skin, bones,
tendons; animal food distinguished from vegetable;
the body of beasts or Birds used in food, distinct from
fishes; animal nature; carnality, corporal appetites;
near relation ; the outward or literal sense. The Ori-
entals termed the immediate or literal signification of
any precept or type The Flesh, and the remote or typi-
cal meaning, The Spirit. This is frequent in St. Paul.
To FLESH, fl£sh, v. a. To initiate ; to harden, to
to establish in any practice ; to glut, to satiate.
FLESHCOLOUR, fl&h-kul-ur, «. The colour of flesh.
FLESHLESS, fl£sbil£s, adj. Without flesh.
FLESHLINESS, fl&h-le-ne's, s. Carnal passions or
appetites.
FLESHLY, fl£sb.ile, adj. Corporeal ; carnal ; animal
not vegetable.
FLESHMEAT, fl£shimete, s. Animal food, tie
flesh of animals prepared for food.
FLESHMENT, fS&ktmtat, s. Eagerness gained ! »
a successful initiation.
FLESHMONGER, fl£shim&ng-gur, s. One w!*>
deals in flesh, a pimp.
FLESHPOT, fle'shipSt, «. A vessel in which flesh
is cooked, thence plenty of flesh.
FLESHQUAKE, fl£shik wake, s. A tremor of the body.
FLESHY, fl^sh^e", adj. Plump, full of flesh ; pulpous.
FLEW, fid, 265. The pret. of To fly.
FLEW, flu, s. The large chaps of a deep-mouthed
hound.
FLEWED, flude, adj. 362. Chapped, mouthed.
FLEXANIMOUS, fleks-anie-m&s, adj. Having
power to change the disposition of the mind.
FLEXIBILITY, fl£ks e-blW-te, t. The quality of
admitting to be bent, pliancy ; easiness to be persuaded,
compliance.
FLEXIBLE, fle'ksie'-bl, *. 405. Possible to be bent,
pliant; complying, obsequious; ductile, manageable;
that may be accommodated to various forms ami pur-
poses.
FLEXIBLENESS, fl£ksi£ bl-ne's, 5. Possibility to be
bent, easiness to be bent ; obsequiousness, compliance ;
ductility, manageablencss.
FLEXILE, fl^ksill, adj. 140. Pliant, easily bent,
obsequious to any power or impulse.
FLEXION, fl£kishun, t. The act of bending ; a dou-
ble, a bending ; a turn towards any part or quarter.
FLEXOR, fl£ ks^or, *. 1 66. The general name of
the muscles which act in contracting the joints.
FLEXUOUS, fl^kishu-fis, adj. 452. Winding, tor-
tuous ; variable, not steady.
FLEXURE, fllk-shure, s. The form or direction In
which any thing is bent; the act of bending; the part
bent, the joint; obsequious or servile cringe.
To FLICKER, fllki&r, v. a. To flutter, to play the
wings.
FLIER, fi\-hr, s. 98. A fugitive, a runaway ; that
part of a machine which, by being put into a more ra-
pid motion than the other parts, equalizes and regulates
the motion of the rest,
FLIGHT, flite, *. 393. The act of flying or run-
ning from danger ; the act of using wings ; removal from
place to place by means of wings ; a flock of birds flying
together, the birds produced in the same season, as the
harvest (light of pigeons ; a volley, a shower ; the space
passed by flying ; heat of imagination, sally of the soul.
FLIGHTY, flKte, adj. Fleeting, swift ; wild, full of
imagination.
FLIMSY, flimize1, adj. Weak, feeble; mean, spirit-
less, without force.
To FLINCH, fllnsh, v. n. To shrink from any suf-
fering or undertaking.
FLINCHER, fllnsh-ur, *. He who shrinks or fail*
in any matter.
To FLING, fling, v. a. pret. Flung; part. Flung
or Flong. To cast from the hand, to throw ; to dart,
to cast with violence; to scatter; to drive by violeno* ;
to cast reproach ; to fling down, to demolish, to ruin ;
to fling on, to baffle in the chase.
To FLING, fling, v. n. To flounce, to wince, to
fly into violent motions; to fling out, to grow unruly
or outrageous.
FLING, fling, s. A throw, a cast ; a gibe, a sneer,
a contemptuous remark.
FLINGER, fllng-frr, s. 409. He who throws.
FLESHFLY, fl£sh-fll, *. A fly that feeds upon flesh,
and deposits her eggs in it.
FLESHHOOK, fleV "
from the caldron.
FLINT, flint, s. A kind of stone used in firelocks ;
any thing eminently or proverbially hard.
A hook to draw flesh *^*£&P *" "***?* ^
FLO
208
FLO
559. File 73, fir 77, fill S3, fac 81 — ml 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 164,
Fl-IP, flip, *. A liquor much used in ships, made by
mixing beer with spirits and sugar. A cant word.
Fl.IPPANCY, fllp-pin-si, S. Talkativeness, loqua-
city.
FLIPPANT, fllpipint, adj. Nimble, moveable : it is
used only of the act of speech ; pert, talkative.
FLIPPANTLY, fllp-pint-l£, adv. In a flowing,
prating way.
To FLIRT, fl&rt, v. a. 108. To throw any thing
with a quick elastick motion ; to move with quickness.
To FLIRT, fl&rt, v. n. To jeer, to gibe one ; to
run about perpetually, to be unsteady and fluttering ;
to coquet with men.
FLIRT, fl&rt, $. A quick elastick motion ; a sudden
trick ; a port hussey ; a coquette.
FLIRTATION, fl&r-taiihun, s. A quick sprightly
motion ; coquetry.
To FLIT, flit, v. n. To fly away ; to remove, to
flutter ; to be flux or unstable.
FLITCH, flltsh, s. The side of a hog salted and
cured.
FLITTERMOUSE, flltit&r- mouse, s. The bat.
FLITTING, flit-ting, *. An offence, a fault, a flying
away.
FLIX, fllks, s. Down, fur, soft hair.
To FLOAT, flAte, v. n. 295. To swim on thesur-
face of the water ; to pass with a light irregular course.
To FLOAT, flAte, v. a. To cover with water.
FLOAT, flAte, s. The act of flowing ; any body so
contrived or formed as to swim on the water ; the cork
or qui'.l by which the angler discovers the bite.
FLOATY, flA^ti, adj. Buoyant and swimming a- top.
FLOCK, flok, s. A company of birds or beasts ; a
company of sheep, distinguished from herds, \v hieh are
of oxen ; a body of men j a lock of wool.
Tii Fl.OCK, flok, v. n. To gather in crowds or
large numbers.
To Fl.OG, flog, v. a. To lash, to whip.
FLOOD, fliVl, s. 308. A body of water, a deluge,
an inundation ; flow, flux, not ebb ; catamenia.
To Fl.OOD, flud, v. a. To deluge, to cover with
waters.
FLOODGATE, flad^gate, s. Gate or shutter by
which the watercourse is closed or opened at pleasure.
FLOOR, flAok, «. 306. The broad part of the an
chor which takes hold of the ground ; a flounder.
FLOOR, flAre, s. 310. The pavement; the part of
a room on which we tread ; a story, a flight of rooms.
To FLOOR, flAre, v». a. To cover the bottom with
a floor.
FLOORING, flAirlng, «. Bottom, floor.
To FLOP, flip, V. a. To clap the wings with noise.
Fl.ORAL, flA^ril, adj. Relating to Flora, or to
flowers.
FLORENCE, flori£nse, *. A kind of cloth ; a kind
of wine.
FLORET. flu-rJt, *. A small imperfect flower.
Fi-OillD, florMd, adj. 544. Productive of flowers,
covered with flowers j bright in colour, flushed with
red; embellished, splendid.
FtORIDITY, flA-ild^e-t4, *. Freshness of colour.
Fl.ORIDNESS, flir-ld n£s, *. Freshness of colour ;
embellishment, -\mbitious elegance. ,
FLORIFEUOUS, flA-rif-le-rus, adj. 5 1 8. Productive
of flowers.
Fl.ORIN, fl5rMn, s. A coin first made by the Flor-
entines. That of Germany is four shillings and six-
pence, that of Spain four shillings and four-pence half-
penny, that of Palermo and Sicily two shillings and
six-pence, that of Holland two shillings.
Fl.ORIST, floirlst, s. A cultivator of flowers.
£5- Why we should pronounce Jlorist m&Jlorct with
the long o, and Jlorid and Jlorin with the short sound ol
UuU letter, cannot easily be guessed. They are all from
the same original, are all anglicised, and consist but ol
t .ro syllables ; and the only thing ll-.at can be gatherec
from them is, the uncertainty of arguing from the Lai in
quantity to ours. — See Drama and Principles, No. 544.
FLORULENT, fl6riu-l£nt, adj. Flowery, blossom*
ing.
Fl.OSCULOUS, flos^ku-lus, adj. Composed of flow-
ers.
To FLOTE, flAte, v. a. To skim.
To FLOUNCE, flSunse, v. n. 312. To move with
violence in the water or mire ; to move with weight
and tumult ; to move with passionate agitation.
To FLOUNCE, flounse, t;. a. To deck with flounce*.
FLOUNCE, flo&nse, s. Any thing sewed to the gar-
ment, and hanging loose, so as to swell and shake ; a
furbelow
FLOUNDER, flouny&r, s. 312. The name of a
small flat fish ; called also a (look.
To FLOUNDER, flounid&r, v. n. To struggle with
violent and irregular motions.
FLOUR, flSur, s. The edible part of corn, or any
grain reducible to powder.
Jf5" This word, spelled in this manner, is not in John-
son, though nothing seems better settled by custom than
this distinction in the spelling between this word and the
Jlower of a plant. That words written alike ought not
;o be sounded differently in order to signify different
:hings, has been proved, it is presumed, under the word
Bonds but that words signifying different things, though
sounded alike, ought to be written differently, seems
evident from the necessity there is of making words,
which are the signs of ideas, as different as the ideas them-
selves. In the former case we do not know how lo pro-
nounce the word bum, till we have its meaning fixed by
what follows; in the latter, though the ear is not sure of
the idea till it has heard the context, the eye in reading
is at no loss for the meaning of the word, nor are the or-
zans in suspense how to pronounce it. The want of n
different sound to express a different idea, is an imperfec-
tion of the language in both cases; but the want of a dif-
ferent mark to express difference of idea to the eye, would
be a double imperfection.
To FLOURISH, flOr-rlsh, v. n. 314. To be in vi.
gour ; not to fade ; to be in a prosperous state ; to use
florid language ; to describe various figures by inter-
secting lines; to boast, to brag; in musick, to play
some prelude.
To FLOURISH, flurMsh, v. a. To adorn with ve-
getable beauty ; to adorn with figures of needle-work ;
to move any thing in quick cirt-les or vibrations ; to a-
dorn with embellishments of language.
FLOURISH, flur-rlsh, s. Bravery, beauty; an os-
tentatious embellishment, ambitious copiousness ; fi-
gures formed by lines curiously or wantonly drawn.
FLOURISHER, flftrirlsh-ur, s. One that is in prime
or in prosperity.
To FLOUT, flout, v. a. 312. To mock, to insult,
to treat with mockery and contempt.
To FLOUT, flout, v. n. To practise mockery, to
behave with contempt.
FLOUT, flout, s. A mock, an insult.
FLOUTER, flou-t&r, s. One who jeers,
To FLOW, flA, v. it. 324. To run or spread as
water ; to run, opposed to standing waters ; to rise, not
to ebb; to melt; to proceed, to issue; to glide smooih-
ly, as a flowing period; to write smoothly, to speak
volubly ; to be copious, to be full ; to hang loose aitd
waving.
To FLOW, flA, v. a. To overflow, to deluge.
Fl.OW, flA. s. The rise of water, not the ebb ; a sud-
den plenty or abundance; a stream of diction.
FLOWER, flSu-ur, *. 98. 323. The part of a plant
which contains the seeds; an ornament, an embcll.sh-
nient ; the prime, the flourishing part ; the edible j-a t
of corn, the meal ; the most excellent or valuable part
of any thing.
FLOWER-DE-LUCE, flSu-ur-de-luse,' s. A buiixm*
iris.
To FLOWER, flou-ur, V. n. To be in flowei, to
be in blossom ; to be in the prime, to flourish ; to froth,
to ferment, to mantle ; to come as cream from the sur-
face.
To FLOWER, flou-5r, v. a. To adorn with ficti-
tious or i.nitated flower*.
FLU
209
FOI
n5r 1ST, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 4C6 — THis 469
FLOWERET, flouiur-^t, j. A flower, a small flower.
FLOWER-GARDEN, flouiur-gAr-dn, s. A garden
in which flowers are principally cultivated.
VLOWERINESS, flou-ur-£-n£s, s. The state of a-
bounding in flowers ; floridness of sj>eech.
FLOWERING-BUSH, flou-ur-ing-liush, 5. A plant.
FLOWERY, flou-ur-^, adj. Full of flowers, adorned
with flowers real or fictitious.
FLOWINGLY, flo-ing-le, adj. With volubility, with
abundance.
FLOWK, fluke, *. A flounder.
FLOWN, flonc, part, of Fly, or Flee. Gone a-
way, escaped, puffed up, elated.
FLUCTUANT, fluk-tshu-4nt, adj. 461. Wavering,
uncertain.
To FLUCTUATE, flukitshu-ate, v. n. To roll to
and again as water in agitation, to float backward and
forward; to move with uncertain and hasty motion ; to
be in an uncertain state, to be irresolute.
FLUCTUATION, fluk-tshu-a-shun, s. The alter-
nate motion of the water, uncertainty, indetennination.
FLUE, flu, s. 335. A small pipe or chimney to
convey air ; soft down or fur.
FLUENCY, flu££n-s£, s. The quality of flowing,
smoothness, readiness, copiousness, volubility.
FLUENT, flu-fint, adj. Liquid, flowing, in motion,
in flux; ready, copious, voluble.
FLUENT, fluient, s. Stream, running water.
FLUID, flu-id, adj. Having parts easily separable,
not solid.
FLUID, flu-id, *. In physick, an animal juice ; any
thing that flows.
FLUIDITY, flu-idi4-t£, s. The quality in bodies op-
posite to solidity.
FLUIDNESS, tWid-n^s, «. That quality in bodies
opposite to stability.
FLUMMERY, flum-ur-^, s. A kind of food made
l>y coagulation of wheat-flour or oatmeal.
FLUNG, flung, Part, and Pret. of Fling.
FLUOR, flu-or, s. 1 66. A fluid state, catamenia.
FLURRY, fluKr^, s. A gust or storm of wind, a
hasty blast ; "lurry.
To FLUSH, fl&sh, v. n. To flow witn violence; to
come in haste ; to glow in the skin.
To FLUSH, flush, v. a. To coloui, to redden ; to
elate, to elevate.
FLUSH, flush,' adj. Fresh, full of vigour ; affluent,
abounding.
FLUSH, flush, s. Afflux, sudden impulse, vio-
lent flow ; cards all of a sort.
Ta FLUSTER, flus^tur, v. a. To make hot and rosy
with drinking.
FLUTE, flute, *.
A musical pipe, a pipe with stops
for the fingers ; a channel or furrow in a pillar.
To FLUTE, flute, v. a. To cut columns into hollows.
To FLUTTER, flut-t&r, v. n- 98. To take short
flights with great agitation of the wings ; to move with
great show and bustle ; to be moved with quick vibra-
tions or undulations ; to move irregularly.
To FLUTTER, flutitiir, v. a. To drive in disorder,
like a flock of birds suddenly roused ; to hurry the
mind; to disorder the position of any thing.
FLUTTER, flutit&r, *. Hurry, tumult, disorder of
mind, confusion, irregularity.
FLUVIATICK, flu-v£ it-Ik, adj. Belonging to rivers.
FLUX, flfiks, s. The act of flowing; any flow or is-
*ue of matter ; dysentery, disease in which the bowels
are excoriated and bleed, bloody flux ; concourse, in-
fluence ; the state of being melted ; that which ming-
led with a body makes it melt.
FLUX, fluks, adj. Unconstant, not durable, main-
tained by a constant succession of parts.
To FLUX, fluks, v, a. To melt, to salivate, to eva-
cuate by spitting.
FLUXJLITY, tiuks-iW-te, $. Easlnes* of separation
of part*.
FLUXION, fluki-sh&n, s. The act of flowing, the maf.
ter that flows; in mathematieks, the arithmetic* or
analysis of infinitely small variable quantities.
To FLY, fli, v. n. Pret. Flew or Fltd. Part.
Fled or Flown. To move through the air with wingi ;
to }>a-s through the air ; to pass away, to pass swiftly ;
to fly at, to spring with violence, to fall on suddenly ;
to move with rapidity ; to burst asunder with a sudden
explosion ; to break, to shiver ; to run away, to at-
tempt to escape; to fly in the face, to insult, to act in
defiance; to fly off, to revolt; to fly out, to burst into
passion; to break out into license, to start violently
from any direction ; to let fly, to discharge.
To FLY, fli, v. a. To shun, to avoid, to decline ;
to refuse association with ; to quit by flight ; to attack
by a bird of prey.
FLY, fli, S. A small winged insect ; that part of a
machine which, being put into a quick motion, regu
lates the rest ; Fly, in a compass, that which points
how the wind blows.
To FLYBLOW, fli-b!6, v. a. To taint with flies, to
fill with maggots.
FLYBOAT, fli-b6te, *. A kind of vessel nimble
and light for sailing.
FLYCATCHER, fll-kitsh-ur, *. One that hunts flies.
FLYER, fli-ur, s. 98. One that flies or runs away
one that uses wings ; the fly of a jack.
To FLYFJSH, fll-fish, v. n. To angle with a hoot
baited with a fly.
FOAL, file, s. 295. The offspring of a mare, or o-
ther beast of burden.
To FOAL, fole, v. a. To bring forth a foal.
FOALBIT, foleibit, s. A plant.
FOAM, fome, s. 295. The white substance whU-h
agitation or fermentation gathers on the top of liquors;,
froth, spume.
To FOAM, fAme, v. n. To froth, to gather foam ;
to be in rage, to be violently agitated.
FOAMY, f6-me, adj. Covered with foam, frothy.
FOB, fob, s. A small pocket.
To FOB, fob, v. a. To cheat, to trick, to defraud f
to fob off, so shift off, to put aside with an artifice.
FOCAL, lO^k^l, adj. 88. Belonging to the focus.
FOCUS, fo-k&s, *. The point where the rays arc
collected by a burning glass ; the point in the axis of a
lens, where the rays meet and cross each other ; a cer-
tain point in the axis of a curve.
FODDER, fid-dur, s. Dry food stored up for canto
against winter.
To FODDER, fid-d&r, v. a. To feed with dry food.
FoDDEREE, fodid&r-ur, s. He who fodders cattle.
FOE, (6, s. 296. An enemy in war ; a persecutor,
an enemy in common life ; an opponent, an ill-wisher.
FOEMAN, fo-inin, s. Enemy in war.
FOETUS, fi^tus, s. 296. The child in the womb
after it is perfectly formed.
FOG, fog, .?. A thick mist, a moist dense vapour
near the surface of the land or water ; aftergrass.
FOGGILY, f6g£gt*-le, adv. 383. Mistily, darkly,
cloudily.
FOGGINESS, fogige-n£s, s. The »tatc of being dark
or misty, cloudiness, mistiness.
FOGGY, f&g%4, adj. 383. Misty, cloudy, dark ;
cloudy in understanding, dull.
FOH, fill ! interjec. An interjection of abhorrence.
FOIBLE, fo&bl, s. 299. 405. A weak side, a blind
side.
To FOIL, foil, v. a. To put to the worst, to defeat.
FOIL, foil, s. 299. A defeat, a miscarriage; leaf
gilding; something of another colour near which jew-
els are set to raise their lustre; a blunt sword u^ed in
fencivg.
FoiLER, foil-ur, s. One who has gained advantage
over another.
To FoiN, foin, t». n. 299. To push in fencing.
FOISON, foeizn, s. 170. Plenty, abundance.
To FOIST, foist, v. a. 299. To insert by forgery.
FOO 210 FOR
j5- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m<J 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 164,
FOLD, f6ld, i. The ground in which sheep are con-
fined ; the place where sheep are housed : the flock of
sheep; a limit, a boundary; a double, a complication,
one part added to another; from the foregoing sign ifi-
cation is derived the use of Fold in composition. Fold
signifies the same quantity added, as twenty fold, twen-
ty times repeated.
TV FOLD, fold, v. a- To shut sheep in the fold ;
to double, to complicate; to enclose, to include, to shut.
Ta FOLD, fold, v. n. To close over another of the
-.line kind.
FOLIACEOUS, fo-l^-aish&s, adj. Consisting of la-
mina or leaves.
FOLIAGE, f6-l£-adje, s. 90. Leaves, tufts of leaves.
To FOLIATE, fo^l^-ite, v. a. To beat into lamina
or leaves.
FOLIATION', f6-l£-a-shin, s. The act of beating
into thin leaves ; the flower of a plant
FOLIATURE, fo-l^-a-tshire, s. The state of being
hammered into leaves.
FOLIO, f6-le-6, s. A large book, of which the pages
are formed by a sheet of paper once doubled.
FOLK, foke, S. People, in familiar language ; na-
tions, mankind.
J£^» Notwithstanding this word is originally plural
our language is so little used to a plural without 3, that
t'M-s may now be accounted the best orthography, as it
is certainly the only current pronunciation.
FOLLICLE, fSl-le-kl, s. 405. A cavity in any body
with strong coats; a capsula, a seed-vessel.
To FOLLOW, fol-16, v. a. 327. To go after, not
before, or side by side; to attend as a dependant; to
pursue ; to succeed in order of time ; to be consequen-
tial, as effects ; to imitate, to copy ; to obey, to observe ;
to attend to, to be busied with.
To FOLLOW, f&l-lA, W. n. To come after another ;
to be posterior in time ; to be consequential ; to conti-
nue endeavours.
FOLLOWER, fol-16-ir, s. One who comes after an.
other, not before him, or side by side ; a dependant ; an
attendant ; an associate ; an imitator, a cop.er.
FoLLY, f61-le, s. Want of understanding, weakness
of intellect ; criminal weakness, depravity of mind ;
act of negligence or passion unbecoming wisdom.
To FOMENT, fo-ment,' v. a. To cherish with heat
to bathe with warm lotions ; to encourage, to support
to cherish.
FOMENTATION, fo-m£n-ta-sh&n, *. A fomenta-
tion is partial bathing, called also stuping; the lotion
prepared to foment the parts.
FOMENTER, fo-m&nUur, s. An encourager, a sup-
porter.
FOHD, fond, adj. Foolish, silly ; foolishly tender
injudiciously indulgent ; pleased in too great a degree
foolishly delighted.
To FONDLE, f&nidl, v. a. 405. To treat with
great indulgence, to caress, to cocker.
FONDLER, fouidl-ir, s. One who fondles.
FONDLING, fou^dl-lng, s. A person or thing much
fondled or caressed ; something regarded with great ai
fection.
FONDLY, fondil£, adv. Foolishly, weakly ; with
great or extreme tenderness.
FONDNESS, fond-n£s, s. Foolishness, weakness
foolish tenderness ; tender passion ; unreasonable liking
FONT, font, s. A stone vessel in which the wate
for holy baptism is contained in the church.
FOOD, food, s. 10. 306. Victuals, provision fo
the mouth ; any thing that nourishes.
FOODFUL, fodd-f&l, adj. Fruitful, full of food.
FOOL, f&61, s. 306. One to whom nature has de-
nied reason, a natural, an idiot ; in Scripture, a wickec
man ; a term of indignity and reproach ; one who
counterfeits folly, a buffoon, a jester.
To FOOL, fool, v. n. To trifle, to play.
To FOOL, fool, v. a. To treat with contempt, to
disappoint, to frustrate; to infatuate; to cheat.
l-'OOLBORN, foolibo'rn, adj. Foolish from the birth.
FOOLERY, fo61iur-£, s. 557. Habitual fdly ; an
act of folly, trilling practice; object of folly.
^OOLHARDINESS, f66l-hArid£-n£s, s. Mad rash-
ness.
'OOLHARDY, fool-har^di, adj. Daring without
judgment, madly adventurous.
'OOLTRAP, f&Sl-trap, s. A snare to catch fools in.
'OOLISH, fool-lsh, adj. Void of understanding,
weak of intellect; imprudent, indiscreet; in Scripture,
wicked, sinful.
FOOLISHLY, fS6l-lsh-l£, adv. Weakly, without un-
derstanding ; in Scripture, wickedly.
FOOLISHNESS, f§ol-lsh-n£s, *. Folly, want of un-
derstanding ; foolish practice, actual deviation from the
right.
?OOT, fit, s. plur. Feet, S07. The part upon
which we stand ; that by which any thing is supported ;
the lower part, the base ; infantry ; state, character,
condition ; scheme, plan, settlement ; a certain number
of syllables constituting a distinct part of a verse ; a
measure containing twelve inches; step.
To FOOT, f'&t, v. n. 3O7. To dance, to tread wan-
tonly, to trip; to walk, not ride.
To FOOT, fut, v. a. To spurn, to kick ; to tread.
FOOTBALL, ) fit-bill, s. A ball driven-by the foot.
FOOTBOY, f&t'b&i, S. A low menial, an attendant
in livery.
FOOTBRIDGE, ffit-brldje, 5. A bridge on which
passengers walk.
FOOTCLOTH, (iit-klbtk, s. A gumpter cloth.
FOOTHOLD, f&t-hold, s. Space to hold the foot.
FOOTING, f&titlng, 3. Ground for the foot ; foun-
dation, basis, support ; tread, walk ; dance ; entrance,
beginning, establishment ; state, condition, settlement.
FOOTLICKEB, fut-lik-fir, s. A slave, a humbl*
fawner.
FOOTMAN, fut^man, s. 88. A soldier that marches
and fights on foot ; a low menial servant in livery ; oii«
who practises to walk or run.
FOOTMANSHIP, fit£man-sh5p, s. The ait or fa-
culty of a runner.
FOOTPACE, fut-pase, s. Part of a pair of stairs,
whereon, after four or five steps, you arrive at a broad
place; a pace no faster than a slow walk.
FOOTPAD, fit-pad, S. A highwayman that robs on
foot,
FOOTPATH, fit^pJUA, s. Narrow way which will
not admit horses.
FOOTPOST, f&t^pist, i. A post or messenger that
travels on foot
FOOTSTALL, f&tistall, s. 406. A woman's stirrup.
FOOTSTEP, ffit^st£p, s. Trace, track, impression
left by the foot ; token, mark ; example.
FOOTSTOOL, fut^-st&ol, s. Stool on which he that
sits places his feet
FOP, fop, S. A coxcomb, a man of small under-
standing and much ostentation, one fond of dress.
FOPPERY, f&p-fir-£, s. 557. Folly, impertinence ;
affectation of show or importance, showy folly ; foiut-
ness of dress.
FOPPISH, fop-pish, adj. Foolish, idle, vain ; vain
in show, vain of dress.
FOPPISHLY, f&p-plsh-li, adv. Vainly, ostenta-
tiously.
FOPPISHNESS, fip-plsh-n&s, s. Vanity, showy va-
nity.
FOPPLING, f Spiling, S. A petty fop.— See To Co-
die.
FOR, fSr, prep. 167. Because of, with respect to ;
considered as, in the place of; for the sake of; in com-
parative respect ; after Oh, an expression of desire; on
account of, in solution of ; inducting to as a motive ;
in reinedy of i in exchange for; in the place of, instead
of ; in supply of, to serve in the place of ; through a cer-
tain duration ; in search of, in quest of; in favour of,
on the part of; with intention ot ; notwithstanding; to
the use of; in conseqwnce of; in recompense of.
FOR, for, conj. The word by which the reason is gi-
ven of somuhing advanced before; because, on (hi*
account that ; for us much, in regard that, in coniicic*-
atiou of.
FOR
Sll
FOR
nor 167, not 16S — tfibe 171, tib 172, bill 173 — oil 299 — po&nd SIS— Him 466 — THIS 469.
To FORAGE, fbr'-aje, v. n. 1 6'8. To wander in
search of provisions ; to ravage, to feed on spoil.
To FOIIAGE, fir-aje, v. a. To plunder, to strip.
FORAGE, foriaje, s. 90. Search of provisions, the
act of feeding abroad ; provisions sought abroad ; pro-
visions in general.
FORAMINOUS, fA-ram£4-nfis, adj. Full of holes.
To FORBEAR, fur-bare,' v. n. pret. I forbore,
anciently Forbare ; part. Forborn. To cease from any
thing, to intermit; to pause, to delay; to omit volun-
tarily; to abstain; to restrain any violence of temper,
to be patient.
fol
flowed
The o in these words preceding the accent and
d by a consonant, is under the same predicament
as the same letter in Command, Collect, &e. which see.
To FORBEAR, for-bare< i>. a. 240. To decline, to
omit voluntarily; to spare, to treat with clemency; to
withhold.
FORBEARANCE, for-bareianse, s. The care of a-
voiding or shunning any thing ; intermission of some-
thing ; command of temper j lenity, delay of punish-
ment, mildness.
FORBEARER, for-bair&r, 5. An intermitter, inter-
cepter of any thing.
To FORBID, for-bld/ v. a. pret. I forbade ; part.
Forbidden or Forbid. To prohibit ; to oppose, to hinder.
FoRBlDDANCE, for-blcUdanse, s. Prohibition.
FORBTDDENLY, for-bid^dn-le, adv. In an unlaw-
ful manner.
FORBIDDER, for-bldid&r, s. One that prohibits.
FORBIDDING, for-bld-ding, part, adj.
abhorrence.
Raising
FORCE, fArse, s. Strength, vigour, might ; vio-
lence; virtue, efficacy; validness, power of law; ar-
mament, warlike preparation ; destiny, necessity, fatal
compulsion.
To FORCE, fArse, v. a. To compel, to constrain ;
to overpower; to impel; to enforce; to drive by vio-
lence or power; to storm, to take or enter by violence;
to ravish, to violate by force ; to force out, to extort.
FORCEDLY, fAr-se'd-le, adv. 364. Violently, con-
strainedly.
FORCEFUL, forseif&l, adj. Violent, strong, impe-
tuous.
FORCEFULLY, forseiful-W, adv. Violently, impe-
tuously. •
FORCELESS, fArse-l£s, adj. Without force, weak,
feeble.
FORCEPS, forisips, s. Forceps properly signifies a
pair of tongs, but is used for an instrument in chirur-
gery to extract any thing out of wounds.
FORCER, fAre^s&r, «. That which forces, drives,
or constrains ; the embolus of a pump working by pul-
gion.
FORCIBLE, fAre-f^-bl, adj. 405. Strong, mighty ;
violent, impetuous; efficacious, powerful; prevalent
of great influence; done by force; valid, binding.
FORCIBLENESS, fAre-s£ bl-n^s, *. Force, violence.
FORCIBLY, fAre-se;-bl£, adv. Strongly, powerfully ;
impetuously ; by violence, by force.
FORCIPATED, f6rise'-pa-t£d, adj. Like a pair of
pincers to open and enclose.
FORD, fArd, s. A shallow part of a river ; the stream,
the current.
To FoRD, fArd, t». a. To pass without swimming.
FoRDABLE, fArd-a-bl, adj. 405. Passable without
swimming.
FORE, fAre, adj.
progressive ir.oiion.
FORE, f'Are, adv.
much used in composition, to mark priority of time.
To FOREARM, fAre-arm/ v. a. To provide for an
attack or resistance before the time of need.
To FOREBODE, fAre-bAde,' v. n. To prognosticate,
to foretell ; to foreknow
FoREBODER, fAre-bAdt-ur, s. A prognosticator, a
soothsayer ; a foreknower.
Ta FORECAST, fAre-kist,' v. a. 492. To scheme,
Anteriour, that comes first in a
Anteriourly : Fore is a word
to plnn before execution; to adjust, to contrive; to
foresee, to provide against.
To FORECAST, I'ore-kast,' v. n. To form schemes,
to contrive beforehand.
FORECAST, fAreikast, s. 492. Contrivance before-
hand, antecedent policy.
FORECASTER, fore-kast'&r, s. One who contrives
beforehand.
FORECASTLE, fAreMtast-sl, s. 405. In a ship, that
part where the foremast stands.
FORECHOSEN, fAre-tshA'zn, part. 103. Pre-
elected.
FORECITED, fAre-sl-te'd, part. Quoted before.
To FORECLOSE, fAre-kloze,' v. a. To shut up, t»
preclude, to prevent ; to foreclose a mortgage, is to cut
off the power of redemption.
FoREDECK, fAre-d£k, s. The anteriour part of th»
ship.
To FOREDESIGN, fAre-d^-sh)/ r. a. To plan be-
forehand.
To FoREDO, fAre-d66,' v. a. To ruin, to destroy ;
to overdo, to wearv, to harass.
To FOREDOOM, fAre-doom,' v. a. To predestinate,
to determine beforehand.
FORE-END, fAre^nd, s. The anteriour part.
FOREFATHER, fore-fa^A6r, s. Ancestor, one who
in any degree of ascending genealogy precedes ano-
ther.
To FoREFEND, fAre-fSnd,' v. a. To prohibit, to
avert ; to provide for, to secure.
FOREFINGER, fAreif ing-gfir, s. The finger next to
the thumb, the index.
FOREFOOT, f Areifut, *. Plural Forefeet. Tl>«
anteriour foot of a quadruped.
To FOREGO, fAre-gA/ v. a. To quit, to give up, to
go before, to be past.
FoREGOER, fore-goi&r, s. Ancestor, progenitor,
predecessor.
FOREGROUND, -fAre%r6und, s. The part of the
field or expanse of a picture which seems to lie before
the figures.
FOREHAND, fAreihand, s. The part of a horse
which is before the rider ; the chief part.
FOREHAND, fAre^hand, adj. Done too soon, or be-
fore the regular order.
FOREHANDED, f Are-hand- ^d, adj. Early, timely ;
formed in the foreparts.
FOREHEAD, fArih£d, s. 515. That part of the
face which reaches fiom the eyes towards to the hair ,
impudence, confidence, assurance.
FOREHOLDING, fArc-hAld-lng, s. Predictions, omi-
nous accounts.
FOREIGN, foriln, adj. Not of this country, not do.
mestick; alien, remote, not allied; excluded, extra-
neous.
FOREIGNER, forMn-fir, *. A man that comes from
another country, a stranger.
FoRElGNNESS, f6ririn-n£s, it Remoteness, want
of relation to something.
To FOREIMAGINE, fAre-!m-madijln, v. a. 1»
conceive or fancy before proof.
To FOREJUDGE, fore-j&dje,' v. a. To judge be-
forehand, to be prepossessed.
7*0 FOREKNOW, fore-no,' v. a. To have prescience
of, to foresee.
FOREKNOWABLE, fore-nA-a bl, adj. Capable of
being foreknown.
FOREKNOWLEDGE, fAre-nol-idje, *. Prescience,
knowledge of that which has not yet happened.
FORELAND, fAre-land, s. A promontory, head-
land, high land juttine into the sea, a cape.
To FORELAY, fAre-la,' v. a. To lay wait for, to en-
trap by ambush.
To FORELIFT, fore-lift,' v. a. To raise aloft any
anteriour part.
FORELOCK, fAre-lok, s. The hair that grow* from
the forepart of the hend.
FOR
212
FOR
l*T 559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fit 81— me1 93;
FOREMAN, fAre^man, *. 99. The first or chief
person on a jury ; the first servant in a shop.
FoREMENTIONED, fAre-me'li-sh&nd, adj. Men-
tioned or recited before.
FOREMOST, fAre^mAst, adj. First in place; first in
dignity.
FoRENAMED, fAre-namd/ adj. Nominated before.
FORENOON, fore-nAAn, *. The time of day reckoned
from the middle point between the dawn and the me-
ridian, to the meridian.
FOREXOTICE, fAre-nA-tls, j. Information of an e-
vent before it happens.
FORENSICK, fo-ren-slk, adj. Belonging to courts
of judicature.
To FOREORDAIN, fAre-or-danc,' ». a. To predes-
tinate, to predetermine, to preordain.
FOREPART, fAre-part, j. The anteriour part.
FOREPAST, fAre-past,' adj. Past, beyond a certain
time.
FoREPOSSESSED, f Are-piz- z&t,' adj. Pre-occu-
pied, prepossessed, pre-engaged.
FORERANK, fAre-rangk, s. 408. First rank, front
FoREREClTED, fAre-rd-si-t£d, adj. Mentioned or
enumerated before.
7'c FORERUN, fAre-r&n,' v. a. To come before as
an earnest of something following ; to precede, to have
the start of.
FORERUNNER, fAre-r&n-n&r, i. A harbinger, a
messenger sent before, to give notice of the approach
of those thai follow ; a prognostic);, a sign foreshowing
any thing.
To FORESAY, fAre-si,' V. a. To predict, to pro-
phesy.
To FORESEE, fAre-se«V v. a. To see beforehand,
to see what has not yet happened.
To FORESHAME, fAre-shame/ v. a. To shame,
to bring reproach upon.
FORESHIP, fAreishlp, s. The anteriour part of the
ship.
To FORESHORTEN, fAre-shor-tn, v. a. To shorten
the forepart.
To FORESHOW, fAre-shA,' v. a. To predict ; to re-
present before it comes.
FORESIGHT, fAre-slte, s. Foreknowledge: provi-
dent care of futurity.
FottESIGHTFUL, fore-siteiful, adj. Prescient, pro-
vident.
To FORESIGNIFY, fAre-slg-nA-fl, v. a. To betoken
beforehand, to foreshow.
FORESKIN, fore-skin, s. The prepuce.
FoRESKIRT, fAru^skdrt, s. The loose part of the
coat before.
To FOBESLOW, fAre-slo/ v. a. To delay, to hin-
der ; to neglect, to omit.
rj\> FoRESPEAK, fAre-spdke/ v. n. To predict, to
foresay ; to forbid.
FORESPENT, fore-sp£nt,' adj. Wasted, tired, spent ;
forepassed, past ; bestowed before.
FORESPURRER, fore-spuKur, j. One that rides
before.
FOREST, forest, s. A wiM uncultivated tract of
ground, with wood.
To FORESTALL, fAre-stawl,' v. a. 406. To anti-
cipate, to take up beforehand ; to hinder by pre-occuna-
tion or prevention ; to seize or gain possession of before
another.
FORESTALLED fAre-stawl'&r, *. One that antici-
l>ates the market, one that purchases before others to
raise the price.
FoRESTBORN, f&r-rest-born, adj. Bom in a wild.
FORESTER, forir&s-t&r, *. An officer of the forest ;
an inhabitant of the wild country.
To FORETASTE, fAre-taste,' v. a. To have ante-
past of, to have prescience of; to taste before another.
FORETASTE, fire-taste, s. 492. Anticipation of.
'J\i FORETELL, fore-te%' v. a. 406. To predict, to
prophesy, to foreshow.
m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m&fe I<54
FORETELLER, fAre-t&l-l&r, j. Predictor, fore-shower.
To FORETHINK, fAre-t/ilngk,' v. a. To anticipate
in the mind, to have prescience of.
To FOHETHINK, fAre-i/fingk,' v. n. To contrive
beforehand.
FORETHOUGHT, fAre-Mawt,' j>art. jtret. of the
verb Forethink.
FORETHOUGHT, fAre'/Aawt, s. 492. Prescience,
anticipation ; provident care.
To FORETOKEN, (Are-toUm, v. a. To foreshow,
to prognosticate as a sign.
FORETOKEN, fore-toMtn, $. 103. Prevenient sign,
prognostick.
FORETOOTH, fAre-tAoM, *. Th« tooth in the aii«
teriour part of the mouth, one of the incisors.
FOHETOP, fAre-top, *. That part of a woman**
head-dress that is forward, or the top of a periwig.
FOREVOUCHED, fore-voutsh^d, jtart. 359. Af-
firmed before, formerly told.
FOREWARD, fAre^ward. *. The ran, the front.
To FOREWARN, fAre-warn/ v. a. To admonish be-
forehand ; to inform previously of any future event ; to
caution against any thing beforehand.
To FOREWISH, fire-wish/ v. a. To desire before-
hand.
FOEEWORN, fAre-wArn/ part. Worn out, wasted
by time or use.
FORFEIT, for-flt, s. 255, Something lost by Uie
commission of a crime, a fine, a mulct.
To FORFEIT, forif it, v. a. To lose by some breach
of condition, to lose by some offence.
FORFEIT, for-flt, adj. Liable to penal seizure, alr-
enated by a crime.
FORFEITABLE, fAY-fU-a-bl, adj. Possessed on con-
ditions, by the breach of which any thing may be lost.
FORFEITURE, f&tflfc-yfac, f The act of forfeit-
ing ; the thing forfeited, a mulct, a fine.
To FORFEND, for-f£nd/ V. a. To prevent, to tot.
bid.
FORGAVE, fAr-gave,7 The preterit of Forgive.
FoftGE, fArje, s. The place where iron is beate«
into form ; any place where any thing is made or sha|>ed.
To FOBGE, fArje, v. a. To form by the hamuner;
to make by any means ; to counterfeit, to falsify.
FORGER, fAre-j&r, s. One who makes or forms ;
one who counterfeits any thing.
|£*?- This word is sometimes, but without the least
foundation in analogy, written forgerer. If it should be
urged that the word comes from the French verb forger,
and therefore, like fruiterer from frvtier, we add an cr to
make it a verbal noun ; it may be' answered, that we have
the word to forge, in the same sense as the French, but
we have no verb to fruit, and therefore there is an excuse
for adding er in the last word which has no place in the
former.
FORGERY, fAre-j&r-^, s. The crime of falsification ;
smith's work, the act of the forge.
To FORGET, for-g&t,' v. a. Preter. Forgot; Part.
Forgotten or Forgot. To lose memory of, to let go
from the remembrance; not to attend, to neglect.
Jj^p-The o in this and similar words is like that in for-
bear — which see.
FORGETFUL, f6r-g£t-fftl, adj. Not retaining the
memory of; oblivious, inattentive, negligent.
FORGETFULNESS, for-g£t-fu)-n£s , S. Oblivion,
loss of memory ; negligent*, inattention.
FORGETTER, for-g^t-t&r, S. One thai forgeU ; a
careless person.
To FORGIVE, fSr-glv,' v. a. 1 57. pret. Forgave.
fart. past. Forgiven. To pardon ; to remit, not to ex
act deut or penalty.
FORGIVENESS, for-glvi-neX *. The act of forgiving,
pardon ; tenderness, willingness to pardon ; remission
of a fine or penalty.
FoRGIVER, fdr-glvi&r, s. One who pardons.
FORGOT, iSr-got; > f F
FORGOTTEN, for-gotitn.lOS. \*
get. Not remembered.
FOR
213
FOR
nSr 167, nf>t 163— tiibe 171, t&b 172, bill 173—61! 299 — pSund 313— thta 466 — THIS 469.
FoaK, fork, s. An instrument divided at the ends FORNICATBESS, f6Vin£-ka-tr3s, s. A woman who,
into two or more points or prongs ; a point.
To FORK, fork, v. n. To shoot into blades, as corn
does out of the around.
FoiiKED, fSriked, adj. 366. Opening into two or
more parts.
Fo»KEDLY> f5rik£d-l£, adv. In a forked form.
FoRKEDNESS, for-k£d-n(5s, s. The quality of o-
pening into two parts.
FORKHEAD, fork-h£d, *. Point of an arrow.
FORKY, for£k£, adj. Forked, opening into two parts.
FORLORN, for- lorn,' adj. Deserted, destitute, for-
saken, wretched, helpless ; lost, desperate, small, des-
picable.
$5- This word is sometimes, but improperly, pronounc-
ed so as to rhvme with mourn. Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ken-
rick, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, and W. Johnston, make it
rhyme with corn.
FoRLORNNESS, for-lornin3s, s. Misery, solitude.
FORM, form, or firm, s. The external appearance
of any thing, shape ; particular model or modification ;
beauty, elegance of appearance ; ceremony, formality,
order ; external appearance without the essential qua-
without marriage, cohabits with a man.
To FORSAKE, tOr-titkf( v. a. yret. Forsook, part,
pass. Forsook or Forsaken. To leave in resentment
or dislike ; to leave, to go away from ; to desert, to fail.
FORSAKER, f5r-sa-k&r, s. 98. Deserter, one that
forsakes.
FORSOOTH, for-s56«A,' adv. In truth, certainty,
very well ; an old word of honour in address to women.
To FORSWEAR, fir-swart,' v. a. jrrct. Forswore.
part. Forsworn. To renounce upon oath, to deny upoc
oath ; with the reciprocal pronoun, as, to forswear him
self, to be perjured, to swear falsely.
To FORSWEAR, f6r-sware,' v. n. To swear false-
ly, to commit perjury.
FORSWEARER, for-swar-ur, s. One who is per-
jured.
FORT, fort, s. A fortified house, a castle.
FoRTED, forti^d, adj. Furnished or guarded by
forts.
FORTH, fortA, adv. Forward, onward; abroad, out
of doors; out into publick view ; on to the end.
FORTH, fortA, jrrej). Out of.
lilies, empty show j external rites; stated method, e-l f? ' ei ., , i ,1 ..
FORTHCOMING, fortA-kumMng, adj. Ready to ap.
stablished practice ; a long seat ; a class, a rank of stu-
dents ; the seat or bed of a hare.
55" When this word signifies a long seat, or a class of
students, it is universally pronounced with the o, as in
four, more, Ac. It is not a little surprising that none of
our Dictionaries, except Mr. Smith's and Mr. Nares', take
any notice of this distinction in the sound of the o when
the word signifies a seat or class. It were to be wished,
indeed, that we had fewer of these ambiguously sounding
words, which, while they distinguish to the ear, confuse
and puzzle the eye.— See Iloui.
To FORM, fSrm, v. a. To make; to model, to
scheme, to plan ; to arrange, to adjust; to contrive, to
join ; to model by education.
FORMAL, formal, adj. 89. Ceremonious, solemn,
precise j regular, methodical, external, having the ap-
pearance, but not the essence ; depending upon esta-
blishment or custom.
FORMALIST, forimal-lst, t.
pearance to reality.
FORMALITY, i'Sr-maW-t£, s.
One who .fpfrrs ap-
Cerrn..*/, esta-
blished mode of behaviour; solemn order, habit, or
dress.
To FORMALIZE, fSrima-Hze, v. a. To model, to
modify ; to affect formality.
FORMALLY, f3r£mal-l£, adv. According to esta-
blished rules ; ceremoniously, stiffly, precisely ; in o-
peu appearance; essentially, characteristically.
FORMATION, for-inaish&n, *. The act of forming
or generating ; the manner in which a thing is formed.
FORMATIVE, forima-tiv, adj. 157. Having the
power of giving form, plaslick.
FORMER, firmer, s. 166. He that forms, maker,
contriver, planner.
FORMER, for-m&r, adj. 98. Before anothei in time ;
mentioned before another ; past.
FORMERLY, f6r-m&r-l<*, adv. In times past
FORMIDABLE, fdr-m^-da-bl, adj. 405. Terrible,
dreadful, tremendous.
FORMIDABLENESS, f3r-m«i-da-bl-n£s, s. The qua-
lity of exciting terror or dread ; the thing causing dread.
FORMIDABLY, fSr-m£-da-bl<*, adv. In a terrible
manner.
FORMLESS, formil^s, adj. Shapeless, without re-
gularity of form.
FORMULA, forim&-Ia, s. 91. A prescribed form.
FORMULARY, forimh-lar-i, s. A book containing
stated and prescribed models.
FORMULE, foiim&le, s. A set or prescribed model.
To FORNICATE, for-nti-kate, v. n. To commit
lewdness.
FORNICATION, for-n^-kaish&n, *. Concubinage
or commerce with an unmarried woman ; in Scripture,
sometimes idolatry.
FORNICATOR, forin^-ka.t&r, s. 166. 521. One
that has commerce with unmarried women.
pear, nc-t absconding.
FORTHISSUING, f6rtA-lsb.£shfi-1ng, adj. Comir/g
out, coming forward from a covert.
FORTHRIGHT, f6rtA-rite,' adv. Straight forward,
without flexions.
FORTHWITH, forfA-wl/A/arft;. Immediately, with-
out delay, at once, straight.
JtJ- Th in with, at the end of this word is pronounced
with the sharp sound, as in thin, contrary to the sound of
those letters in the same word when single. The same
may be observed of the/ in u hereof, 377.
FORTIETH, firit£-&A, adj. 279. The fourth tenth.
FORTIFIABLE, t'&r-t£-f 1-a-bl, adj. That may t«
fortified.
FORTIFICATION, f6r-t£-te-kaishun, s. The sci-
ence of milita»v architecture ; a place built for strength.
FORTIFIER, fdr-t^-fl-fir, s. One who erects work*
for defence ; one who supports or secures.
To FORTIFY, ffirtti-fl, v. a. To strengthen against
attacks by walls or works ; to confirm, to encourage ;
to fix, to establish in resolution.
FORTIN, fArt^in, s. A little fort.
FORTITUDE, for-t(^.tfide, *. Courage, bravery,
magnanimity; strength, force.
FORTNIGHT, finite, s. 144. The space of twu
weeks
FORTRESS, fSritr^s, s. A strong hold, a fortified
p'ace.
FORTUITOUS, fir-tu^-t&s, adj. 463. Accidental,
casual.
e reason that the t in this word and its com-
pounds does not take the hissing sound, as it docs in for-
tune, is, because the accent is after it, 463.
FORTUITOUSLY, f6r-tui£-t&s-l<i, adv. Accidentally,
casually.
FORTUITOUSNESS, fSr-ti&U&s-n&s, s. Accident,
chance.
FORTUNATE, foV-tshi-nate, adj. Lucky, happy,
successful.
FORTUNATELY, for-tshu-nate-1^, adu. Happily
successfully.
FoRTUNATENESS, f6r-tsh&-nate-n&>, 3. Happi-
ness, good luck, success.
FORTUNE, foritsb&ne, 5. 461. The power suprxw-
ed to distribute the lots of life according to her ov.u
humour ; the good or ill that befalls man ; the chanc«
of life, means of living; event, success good or bad ;
estate, possessions ; the portion of a man or woman.
To FORTUNE, foritshhne, v. n. To befall, to hap-
pen, to come casually to pass.
FORTUNED, fdritshind, adj. 359. Supplied by for-
tune.
FoRTUNEBOOK, tfKtsh un-b6ok *. A book con-
sulted to know fortune.
FOU
214
FRA
15- 559. FiteTS, far 77, fall 83, fit 81— m£ 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m5ve 164,
FORTUNEHUNTER, foritsliun-hun-tur, *. A man to give birth °T original to ; to raise upon, as on a rrm-
whose employment is to inquire after women with great , _«*!* or f^ft '", fix firm'
portions, to enrich himself by marrying them, i To tOUND, found, v. a. To form by melting and
FORTUNETELLER, toritshun-teriur, s. One who ; pouring into moul Is, to cast.
cheats common people by pretending to the knowledge ; FOUNDATION, foun-da-shun, s. The basis or
lower part of an edifice ; the act of fixing the basis ; the
principles or ground on which any notion is raised
original, rise ; a revenue settled and established for any
A court of jus- purpose, particularly charity; establishment, settle-
ment.
of futurity.
FORTY, tor-ti, adj. 182. Four times ten.
FORUM, fo-rum, s. 544. Latin.
tice ; a market ; any publick place.
FORWARD, for-ward, adv. 88. Towards, onward,
progressively.
FORWARD, forward, adj. Warm, earnest ; ardent,
eager ; confident, presumptuous j premature, early, ripe ;
quick, ready, hasty.
To FORWARD, forward, v. a. To hasten, to
quicken ; to patronise, to advance.
FORWARDER, foriwar-dur, s. He who promotes
any thing.
FORWARDLY, f6r£ward-!£, adv. Eagerly, hastily.
FORWARDNESS, for-ward-n£s, s. Readiness to
act; quickness, earliness, early ripeness; confidence,
assurance.
FORWARDS, fSr'wlrdz, adv. Straight before, pro-
gressively.
FOSSE, fos, s. A ditch, a moat.
FOSSEWAY, 1'osiwa, s. One of the great Roman
roads through England, so called from the ditches on
each side.
FOSSIL, fos-sll, adj. Dug out of the earth.
FOSSIL, f6s-sll, *. That which is dug out of the
bowels of the earth.
To FOSTER, fos^tur, v. a. 98. To nurse, to feed,
to support; to pamper, to encourage, to cherish, to
forward.
FOSTERAGE, f6sitfir-ldje, s. 90. The charge of
nursing.
FOSTERBROTHER, ffisit&r.br&TH-ftr, t. One bred
at the same pap.
FOSTERCHILD, fosit&r-tshlld, s. A child nursed
by a woman not the mother , or bred by a man not the
father.
FOSTERDAM, f6s-tur-dam, s.
performs the office of a mother.
A nurse, one that
FOSTEREARTH, f&s'tur-£rtA, *. Earth by which
the plant is nourished, though it did not grow first in
it.
FOSTERER, fos-t&r-ur, s. A nurse, one who gives
food in the place of a parent.
FOSTERFATHER, f&s^tur-fa-THur, s. One who
trains up the child of another as if it were his own.
FOSTERMOTHER, f 6s-tur- m&TH -Ur, S. A nurse.
FOSTERSON, f5sit&r-sun, s. One fed and educated
as a child, though not the son by nature.
FOUGHT, flwt, 393. 319. The jrret. and part.
of Fight.
FOUGHTEN, fawitn, 103.
Fight.
The pass. part, of
FOUL, foul, adj. 313. Not clean, filthy ; impure,
d luted ; wicked, detestable; unjust, co-arse, gross;
I of gross humours, wanting purgation, cloudy,
stormy; not bright, not serene
ing purg
; with ro
gh force, with
unseasonable violence; among seamen, entangled, as,
a rope is foul of the anchor.
To FOUL, foul, v. a. To daub, to bemire, to make
filthy.
FoULFACED, foul-faste, adj. 359. Having an ugly
or hateful visage.
FOULLY, foul-It^, adv. Filthily, nastily, odiously.
FOULMOUTHED, Joul-mouTHd, adj. Scurrilous,
habituated to the use of opprobrious terms.
FOULNESS, foul-n£s, s. Filthiness, nastiness ; pol-
lution, impurity ; hatefulness ; injustice ; ugliness ; dis-
honesty
FOUNT, fount, 313,
FOUNTAIN, foun-tln, 208
.1
FOUNDER, founidSr, *. 98. A builder, one who
raises an edifice : one who establishes a revenue for any
purpose; one from whom any thing has its original or
beginning ; a caster, one who forms figures by casting
melted matter into moulds.
To FOUNDER, f6un-dur, v. a. 313. To cause
such a soreness and tenderness in a horse's foot, that
ne is unable to set it to the ground.
T\. FOUNDER, loun-dur, v. n. To sink to the
bottom ; to fail, to miscarry.
FOUNDLING, found-ling, s. A child exposed to
chance, a child found without any parent or owner.
FOUNDRESS, f6un-dres, s. A woman that founds,
builds, establishes, or begins any thing; a woman that
establishes any charitable revenue.
FOUNDRY, fo'&nWri, *. A place where figures are
formed of melted metal, a casting house.
S. A well, a spring ;
a small basin of springing water; a jet, a spout of wa-
ter ; the head or spring of a river ; original, first prin-
ciple, first cause.
FOUNTAINLESS, foun-tln-lSs, adj. Without a
fountain,
FouNTFUL, fount^ful, adj. Full of springs.
FOUR, f'6re, adj. 318. Twice two.
FOURBE, foorb, i. 315. French. A cheat, a trick-
ing fellow.
FOURFOLD, for enfold, adj. Four times told.
FouRFOOTED, f6re-lut-ld, adj. Quadruped.
FOURSCORE, f6n/-sk6iv, adj. Four times twenty,
eighty ; it is used eliiplically for fourscore years.
FOURSQUARE, fore-skware, adj. Quadrangular.
FOURTEEN, fore-t££n, adj. Four and ten.
FOURTEENTH, f6re-tet*n</», adj. The ordinal of
fourteen, the fourth after the tenth.
FOURTH, forth, adj. The ordinal of four, the first
after the third.
FOURTHLY, forth-\£, adv. In the fourth place.
FOURWHEELED, fore-whe^ld, adj. Running upon
twice two wheels.
FOWL,
«• 223. A winged animal, a bird.
To FOWL, foul, v. n. To kill birds for food or game.
FOWLER, foul-ur, s. 98. A sportsman who pursue*
birds.
FOWLJNGPIECE, foul -Ing- pd^se, S. A gun for birds.
Fox, fSks, «. A wild animal of the dog kind, re-
markable for his cunning ; a knave or cunning fellow.
FOXCASE, fiks^-kase, s. A fox's skin.
FOXCHASE, fiks-tshase, s. The pursuit of the fox
with hounds. _
FOXGLOVES, f5ksigl&vz, s. A plant.
FoXHUNTER foks-hunt-ur, s. A man whose chief
ambition is to show his bravery in hunting foxes.
FOXSHIP, fiks-shlp, s. The character or qualitie*
of a fox, cunning.
FoXTKAP, toksitrip, s. A gin or snare to catch
foxes.
To FRACT, frakt, v. a. To break, to violate, to in-
fringe.
FRACTION, frak^shun, *. The act of breaking, the
state of being broken ; a broken part of an integral.
„ -3 j . ,,,, . HUILL* Ul ULIIIg uiur.ctl , rt ul ulvl.il |»ttll. VI all UfMKHM.
FOUND, found, 313. The jn-et. and part. pass. FRACTIONAL, frakishun-11, adj. 88. BelongiuS
A, /•? » j I to a broken number.
To FOUND, found, v. a. 313. To lay the basis of FRACTITRE, frakUsliure, s 461. Broach, sqanu
any building ; to build, to raise ; to establish, to erect; J bon of ^^^^ ,,aru ; the breaking of a boue.
FRA
215
FRE
167, nit 163— t&be 171, t&b 1-72, bfill 173— oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469
FRAUD, frawd, s. 213. Deceit, cheat, trick, artifice.
FRAUDFUL, frawd-ffil, adj. Treacherous, artful,
trick ish.
FRAUDFULLY, frawd-f&I-l£, adv. Deceitfully, art-
To FRACTURE, frak^tshfire, v. a. To break a bone.
FRAGILE, fiadj-Il, adj. 140. Brittle, easily snapped
or broken ; weak, uncertain, frail.
$*f" All our urthocpists are uniform in the pronuncia-
tion of this word with the a short.
FRAGILITY, tra-jll-£-t£, s. Brittleness, weakness ;
frailty, liableness to fault.
FRAGMENT, frag£m£nt, s. A part broken from the
whole, an imperfect piece.
FRAGMENTARY, frag-m£n-tar-4 adj. Composed
of fragments.
FRAGOR, fra-goV, s. 1 66. 544. A noise, a crack,
a crash. — See Drama.
FRAGRANCE, fraigranse, ") s. Sweetness of smell,
FRAGRANCY, fra-gran-s^, \ pleasing scent.
FRAGRANT, fra-graiit, adj. 544. Odorous, sweet
of smell.
Jt^» This word is sometimes, but improperly, heard
withthe a in the first syllable pronounced short. — See
Drama.
FRAGRANTLY, fra-grant-l£, adv. With sweet scent
FRAIL, frale, s. 202. A basket made of rushes ; a
rush for weaving baskets.
FRAIL, frale, adj. Weak, easily destroyed ; weak
of resolution, liable to error or seduction.
FRAILNESS, fraleinJs, s. Weakness, instability.
FRAILTY, frale£t4 s. Weakness of resolution, in-
stability of mind ; fault proceeding from weakness, sins
of infirmity.
FRAISE, fraze, s. 102. A pancake with bacon in it.
To FRAME, frame, v. a. To form ; to fit one
thing to another ; to make, to compose ; to regulate, to
adjust ; to plan ; to invent.
FRAME, frame, s. Any thing made so as to enclose
or admit something else ; order, regularity ; scheme,
contrivance; mechanical construction; shape, form,
proportion.
FRAMER, framei&r, s. 98. Maker, former, contri-
ver, schemer.
FRANCHISE, fran-tshlz, s. 140. Exemption from
any onerous duty ; privilege, immunity, rightgranted;
district, extent of jurisdiction.
To FRANCHISE, fran-tshiz, v. a. To enfranchise,
to make free.
FRANGIBLE, fran£j£ bl, adj. 405. Fragile, brittle,
easily broken.
FRANK, frAngk, adj. 408. Liberal, generous j o-
pen, ingenuous, sincere, not reserved ; without condi-
tion, without payment; not restrained.
FRANK, frangk, s. A place to feed hogs in, a sty ;
a letter that pays no postage ; a French coin.
To FRANK, frangk, v. a. To shut up in a frank or
sty; to feed high, to fat, to cram; to exempt letters
from postage.
FRANKINCENSE, frangk^ln-s^nse, A. An odorife-
rous kind of resin.
FRANKLIN, frangkilln, s. A steward ; a bailiff of
land.
FRANKLY, frangUte, adv. Liberally, freely, kind-
ly, readily.
FRANKNESS, frangk-nls, $. Plainness of speech,
openness, ingenuousness; liberality, bounteousntss.
FRANTICK, fran^tik, adj. Mad, deprived of un-
derstanding by violent madness, outrageously and tur-
FRANTICKNESS, franitik-n&s, s. Madness, fury of
passion.
FRATERNAL, fra-t£rinal, adj. 88. Brotherly,
pertaining to brothers, becoming brothers.
FRATERNALLY, fra-t£rinal-£, adv. In a brother-
ly manner.
FRATERNITY, fra- t£r£n£-t<i, 3. The state or qua-
lity of a brother; body of men united, corporation,
society ; men of the same clas« or character.
FRATRICIDE, fratiri-slde, j 143. The murder of
a brother.
,
bulently mad ; transported by violence of passion.
FRANTICKLY, franitlk-1^, adv. Madly, outrageo
Deceitful-
fully.
FRAUDULENCE, frawidi-l^nse,
FRAUDULENCY, fraw-du-l£n-s^,
ness, trickishness, proneness to artifice.
Jfj- For the propriety of pronouncing the d in these
words likcj, see Principles, No. t'93. 376.
FRAUDULENT, fraw-di-l£nt, adj. Full of artifice,
trkkish, deceitful.
FRAUDULENTLY, fraw£du-l£nt-l<*, adv. By fraud,
by artifice, deceitfully.
FP AUGHT, f'rawt, part. pass. 393. Laden, charged ;
filled, stored, thronged.
FRAY, fra, s. 220. A broil, a battle, a combat.
To FRAY, fra, v. u. To rub, to wear away by rub-
bing ; to fright.
FREAK, fr^ke, s. 227. A sudden fancy, a whim, a
capricious prank.
To FREAK, fr^ke, v. a. To variegate.
FREAKISH, freke-5sh, adj. Capricious, humoursome.
FREAKISHLY, fr£kt-ish-l£, adv. Capriciously, hu-
moursomcly.
FREAKISHNESS, frt'ke-lsh-nes, s. Capriciousnes;:,
whimsicalness.
FRECKLE, frekMd, s. 405. A spot raised in the
skin by the sun ; any small spot or discoloration.
FRECKLED, fr£k-kld, adj. 359. Spotted, maculated.
FRECKLY, fr£k-kl4, adj. Full of freckles.
FREE, fr££, adj. 246. At lilxrty; uncompelled,
unrestrained; permitted; conversing without reserve-,
liberal; frank; guiltless; exempt ; invested with fran-
chises, possessing any thii g without vassalage ; without
expense.
To FREE, fr££, v. a. To set at liberty ; to rid from,
to clear from any thing ill ; to exempt.
FREEBOOTER, fr&J-bd6-tur, 6. A robber, a plun-
derer.
FREEBOOTING, fr££-b66itlng, s. Robbery, plunder.
FREEBORN, fr<5£-bSrn, adj. Inheriting liberty.
FREECHAPEL, fr^-tshap-£l, s. A chapel of the
king's foundation.
FREECOST, fr£d-k6st, j. Without expense.
FREEDMAN, fr44d-man, s. A slave manumitted.
FREEDOM, fr^id&m, s. 166. Liberty, indepo,
dence; privilege, franchises, immunities; unrestraint;
ined in
, ,
ease or facility in doing or showing any thing.
FREEFOOTED, fr££-fiit'<ld, adj. Not restrai
the march.
FREEHEARTED, fr«^-harit£d, adj. Liberal, un-
restrained.
FREEHOLD, frWihold, s. That land or tenement
which a man holdeth in fee, fee-tail, or for term of life.
FREEHOLDER, fr^^-hol-d&r, *. One who has a
freehold.
FREELY, fr^-l£, adv. At liberty ; without restraint ;
without reserve, without impediment; frankly, libe-
rally ; spontaneously, of its own accord.
a vassal ; one partaking of rights, privileges, or immu-
nities.
FREEMASON, fr^-maisn, s. 170. One of a nu-
merous society who proiesses having a secret to keep.
FREEMINDED, frW minded, adj. Unconstrained,
without load of care.
FREENESS, fr££-n£s, s. The state or quality of be-
ing free; openness, unreservedness, liberality.
FREESCHOOL, fret*-skfi<M, s. A school in which
learning is given without pay.
FREESPOKEN, fre^-sp&kn, adj. 103. Accustomed
to speak without reserve.
FRF.ESTONE, fre&stAtif, t. Stone commonly used
in building.
FRE 216 FRI
<rV- 569. Fate 73, fAr 77, fill 83, ftt 81— m& 93, m& 95— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, mftve 1 64.
FREETHINKER, fr&UAlngk'&r, *. A libertine, a
contemner of religion.
FREEWILL, frW-wUl/ 5. The power of directing
our own actions without restraint by necessity or fate;
voluntariness.
FttEEWOMAN, frW-w&m-&n, s. A woman not en-
slaved.
To FREEZE, frWze, v. n. 246. To be congealed
with cold ; to be of that degree of cold by which water
is congealed.
To FREEZE, frWze, v. a. pret. Froze; part.
Frozen or Froze. To congeal with cold ; to kill by
cold ; to chill by the loss of power or motion.
To FREIGHT, frite, v. a. 249. 393. pret.
Freighted ; part. Fraught, Freighted. To load a ship
or vessel of carriage with goods for transportation ; to
load with a burden.
FREIGHT, frate, 4. 249. Any thing with which a
ship is loaded ; the money due for transportation of
goods. — See Eight.
FREIGHTER, frate^ftr, s. He who freights a vessel.
FRENCH CHALK, fr£nsh-tsha\vk,' s. An indurat-
ed clay.
To FRENCHIFY, fr3nshie-fJ, v. a. To infect with
the manner of France, to make a coxcomb.
FRENETICK, fre-n£t-ik, or fr£nie-tik, adj. Mad,
distracted.— See Phrenetick.
FRENZY, fre'n-zd. S. Madness, distraction of mind.
FREQUENCE, fre-kw^nse, s. 544. Crowd, con-
course, assembly.
1£V Some speakers, and those not vulgar ones, pro-
nounce the e in the first syllable of this and the following
words, when the accent is on it, short; as if written frelc-
vense, frek-voently , &c. They have undoubtedly the
sliort e in the Latin frequens to plead ; and though Latin
quantity is sometimes found to operate in anglicised
words of two syllables, with the accent on the first : yet
usage, in these words, seems decidedly against this pro-
nunciation. Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Elphin-
rton, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, Mr. Smith, W. Johnston,
and, if we may judge from the position of the accent,
Dr. Ash and Entick, are for the e long in the first sylla-
ble; and Buchanan only marks it with the short e. The
verb to frequent having the accent on the second syllable,
is under a different predicament. — See Drama.
FREQUENCY, fr&kw^n-s^, s. Common occurrence,
the condition of being often seen, often occurring ; used
often to practise any thing ; concourse, full assembly.
FREQUENT, fre-kw£nt, adj. 492. Often done, of-
ten seen, often occurring; used often to practise any
thing ; full of concourse.
To FREQUENT, frd-kw§nt,' v. a. 492. To visit
often, to be much in any place.
FREQUENTABLE, fr£-kw3nt-a-bl, adj. Conversa-
ble, accessible.
FREQUENT ATION, frd-kw^n-Uiisb&n, t. Habit 01
frequenting.
FREQUENTATIVE, frd-kw£nita-tlv, adj. A gram-
matical term applied to verbs signifying the frequen
repetition of an action.
FREQUENTER, fr£-kw£ntiur, *. One who often
resorts to any place.
FREQUENTLY, fr^-kw^nt-l^, adv. Often, common
ly, not rarely.
FRESCO, fres^kA, J. Coolness, shade, duskiness ; a
picture not drawn in glaring light, but in dusk.
FRESH, fr£sh, adj. Cool ; not salt ; new, not im
paired by time; recent, newly come; repaired from
any loss or diminution; florid, vigorous; healthy ii
countenance ; ruddy ; free from saltness ; sweet, opposei
to stale or stinking.
To FRESHEN, frlsli^shn, v.a. 103. To make fresh
To FRESHEN, fr£sb£shn, v. n. To grow fresh.
FRESHET, fr£shi4t, s. 99. A pool of fresh water.
FnESHLY, fr&sh-le1, adv. Coolly ; newly, in the for
mer state renewed ; with a healthy look, ruddily.
FRESHNESS, fr£sh-n£s, &. The state of being fresh
FKET, fr&t, s. A frith or strait of the sea ; any ag
tation of liquors by fermentation or other cause; tha
(top of the musical instrument which causes or regu
lates the vibrations of the string ; work rising in pro-
tuberance ; agitation of mind, commotion of the tem-
per, passion.
"o FRET, fr£t, v. a. To wear away by rubbing ;
to form into raised work ; to variegate, to diversify ; to
make angry, to vex.
"o FRET, fr&t, v. n. To be in commotion, to be
agitated ; to be worn away ; to be angry, to be peevish.
RETFUL, fr^t-f&l, adj. Angry, peevish.
FRETFULLY, fr£tiful-4, adv. Peevishly.
RETFULNES8, fr£t-ffil-n5s, s. Peevishness.
RKTTY, fi&t-t&, adj. Adorned with raised work.
RIABILITY, fri-a-bi&J-td, s. Capacity of being
reduced to powder.
"HIABLE, fri-a-bl, adj. 405. Easily ciunibled,
easily reduced to powder.
'RIAK, fri-&r, s. 88. 418. A religious, a brother
of some regular order.
^RIARLIKE, fri^iir-like, adj. Monastick, unskilled
in the world.
?RIARLY, fri-fir-1^, adv. Like a friar, or man un-
taught in life.
?RIARY, tr'l-hr-£, s. A monastery or convent at
friars.
To FRIBBLE, frlb^bl, v. n. 405. To trifle.
DRIBBLER, frlb-bl-6r, s. A trifler.
?RICASSEE, frik-a-s^e/ s. A dish made by cutting
chickens or othir small things in pieces, and dressing
them with strong sauce.
IRRIGATION, fri-kaishun, s. The act of rubbing
one thing against another.
FRICTION, frik-shfrn, s. The act of rubbing two
bodies together ; the resistance in machines caused by
the motion of one body upon another ; medical rubbing
with the flesh-brush or cloths.
FRIDAY, friida, s. 223. The sixth day of the
week, so named of Freya, a Saxon deity.
FRIEND, fr£nd, s. 278. One joined to another in
mutual benevolence and intimacy, opposed to foe or
enemy ; one reconciled to another ; a companion ; £a-
vourer; one propitious; a familiar eompellation.
FRIENDLESS, fr£nd-14s, adj. Wanting friend*.
wanting support.
FRIENDLINESS, fr£nd-]t*-n£s, *. A disposition to
friendship ; exertion of benevolence.
FRIENDLY, (rend-1^, adj. Having the temper and
disposition of a friend, kind, favourable ; disposed to
union; salutary.
FRIENDSHIP, fiSnd-shlp, s. The state of minds
united by mutual benevolence; highest degree of inti-
macy ; favour, personal kindness ; assistance, help.
FRIEZE, freeze, s. 278. A coarse warm cloth.
FRIEZE,
FRIZE, freeze, 112.
flat member which separates the architrave from the
cornice.
FRIGATE, frlg-at, i. 91.544. A small ship; a
ship of war ; any vessel on the water.
FRIGEFACTION, frld-j^-fakish&n, ». 530. The
act of making cold.
To FRIGHT, frite, v. a. 393. To terrify, to dis-
turb with fear.
FRIGHT, frite, s. A sudden terror.
To FRIGHTEN, frl-tn, v. a. 103. To terrify, to
shock with dread.
FRIGHTFUL, frlte^ful, adj. Terrible, dreadful,
full of terror.
FRIGHTFULLY, frite-ful-4, adv. Dreadfully, hor-
ribly.
FRIGHTFULNESS, frite-ful-nis, s. The power oi
impressing terror.
FRIGID, frid-jid, adj. 544. Cold ; without warmth
of affection ; impotent, without warmth of body ; dull,
without fire of fancy.
FRIGIDITY, fr^-jliW-ti*, S. Coldness, want of
warmth ; dulness, want of intellectual fire ; want of cor-
poreal warmth ; coldness of affection,
In
FRO
217
FRO
n5r 167, n&t 163— t6be 171, t&b 172, bull 173—511 299— pSind 313 — Him 466— THIS 469
FRIGIDLY, frldijld-l£, adv. Coldly, dully, without IO Mr. Sheridan marks this word in the second man
affection. j tier only ; but I am much mistaken if custom does not al
!-„,- , F t jfi j n r, ,. most universally adopt the first. If the second is evci
FRIGIDNESS, frld-jid-nSs, *. Coldness, dulness, j used) it seems tf, be |n f and that of the most M).
want of aftection. | iemn kina. Dr. Kenrick, W. Johnston, and Mr. Perry.
pRIGORIFlCK, frl-go-rlf-lk, adj. Causing cold.
To FRILL, frll, v. n. To quake or shiver with cold.
Used of a hawk, as, the hawk Frills.
FRINGE, frinje, s. Ornamental appendages added to
dress or furniture.
To FRINGE, frinje, v. a. To adorn with fringes, to
decorate with ornainental appendages.
FRIPPERY, frlpi£r-£, s. The place where old clothes
are sold ; old clothes, cast dresses, tattered rags.
FHISEUR, fr^-zure/ s. A hair dresser.
To FRISK, frisk, v. n. To leap, to skip ; to dance
in frolick or gaiety.
FRISK, frisk, s. A frolick, a fit of wanton gaiety.
FRISKER, frisk-fir, s. A wanton, one not constant
or settled.
FRISKINESS, fr!sk£4-n5s, s. Gaiety, liveliness.
FRISKY, frlskie, adj. Gay, airy.
FRIT, frit, s. Among chymists, ashes or salt.
FRITH, frl//j, s. A strait of the sea ; a kind of net.
FRITTER, frlt-tfir, s. A small piece cut to be fried ;
a fragment ; a cheesecake.
To FRITTER, frltit&r, v. a. To cut meat into small
pieces to be fried ; to break into small particles or frag-
ments.
FRIVOLITY, fr£-v6W-t£, s. Insignificancy.
FRIVOLOUS, frlv'o-l&S, adj. Slight, trifling, of no
moment.
FRIVOLOUSNESS, frlv-6-lfis-n^s, s. Want of im-
portance, triflingness.
-l^, adv. Triflingly, with-
FRIVOLOUSLY,
out weight.
To FRIZLE, frlzizl, ». a.
like nap of frieze. — See Codle.
To curl in short cuils,
FRIZLER, frlz-zl-&r, s. One that makes short curls,
properly Frizzier.
FRO
>perly frizzle
, fro, adv.
Backward, regressively ; to and fro,
backward and forward.
FROCK, fr&k, *. A dress, a coat for children; a
kind of close coat for men.
FROG, frog, s. A small animal with four feet, of
the amphibious kind ; the hollow part of the horse's
hoof.
FaOGBIT, frfigiblt, s. An herb
FROGFISH, frog-fish, s. A kind of fish.
FROGGRASS, frog-grJs, s. A kind of herb.
FROGLETTUCE, frog-let-tls, s. A plant.
FROLICK, fr51-lk, adj. Gay, full of levity.
FROLICK, frol-lk, .?. A wild prank, a flight of whim.
To FROLICK, frol-lk, v. n. To play wild pranks.
FnOLICKLY, fr&l-lk le, adv. Gayly, wildly.
FROLICKSOME, frol-ik-sam, adj. Full of wild
gaiety.
FROLICKSOMENESS, fr6iyk-s&m-n£s, ». Wildness
<>f gaiety, pranks.
FROLICKSOMELY, frol-ik-s&m-l£, adv. With wild
gaiety.
FROM, from, prep. Away, noting privation ; noting
reception ; noting procession ; descent or birth ; out
of ; noting progress from premises to inferences ; noting
the place or person from whom a message is brought ;
because of; not near to; noting separation; noting
exemption or deliverance ; at a distance ; contrary to;
noting removal ; From is very frequently joined by an
ellipsis with adverbs, as, from' above, from the parts a-
bove ; from afar ; from behind : from high.
pronounce it in the first manner; and Mr. Sherulau and
Mr. Smith in the last. Mr. Scott gives it both ways, but
seems to prefer the last ; Mr. Nares gives it the first man-
ner, but says it is sometimes pronounced regularly.
To FRONT, f'r&nt, v. a. To oppose directly, or face
to face ; to stand opposed or over-against any place or
thing.
To FRONT, frfint, v. n. To stand foremost.
P"HONTAL, frontal, s. 88. Any external form of
medicine to be applied to ihe forehead.
FRONTATED, fron-ta-ted, adj. The frontated leaf
of a flower grows broader and broader, and at last, pi r-
haps terminates in a right line ; used in opposition to
cuspatcd.
FRONTBOX, frfrnt-boks, s. The box in the play-
house from which there is a direct view to the stage.
FRONTED, fr&m-£d, adj. Formed with a front.
FRONTIER, fr6nitshe£r, or rr&nt-yeer, j. 113.
The marches, the limit, the utmost verge of any terri-
tory.
FRONTIER, fron-tsh^r, or front-ye£r, adj. 459.
461. Bordering.
FRONTISPIECE, frin-tls-pdese, *. That part of any
building or other body that directly meets the eye.
FRONT LESS, frfrnt-les, adj. Without blushes, with-
out shame.
FRONTLET, front£l£t, s. A bandage worn upon the
forehead.
FRONTROOM, fifint-room, s. An apartment in the
forepart of the house.
FRORE, frore, adj. Frozen. .
FROST, fr&st, t. The last effect of cold, the power
or act of congelation.
FROSTBITTEN, fr6stiblt-tn, adj. 103. Nipped or
withered by the frost.
FROSTED, fr5s£t£d, adj. Laid on in inequalities
like those of the hoar frost upon plants.
FROSTILY, fr&si-ti-l^, adv. With frost, with exces-
sive cold.
FROSTINESS, fr6s£t£-n£s, *. Cold, freezing cold.
FROSTNAIL, frost-nale, s. A nail with a prominent
head driven into the horse's shoes, that it may pierce
the ice.
FROSTWORK, fr5st-wfirk, s. Work in which the
substance is laid on with inequalities, like the dew con-
gealed upon shrubs.
FROSTY, fris^t^, adj. Having the power of conge-
lation, excessive cold ; chill in affection ; hoary, gray-
haired, resembling frost.
FROTH, frbth, s. 163. Spume, foam, the bubbles
caused in liquors by agitation ; any empty or senseless
show of wit or eloquence ; any thing not hard, solid, or
substantial.
To FROTH, hbth, v. n. To foam, to throw out
spume.
FROTHILY, frt>th'-&-\£, adv. With foam, with spume;
in any empty trifling manner.
FROTHY, frbt/i'-t, adj. Full of froth or spume ; soft,
not solid, wasting; vain, empty, trifling.
FROUNCE, fro&nse, s. 313. A distemper in which
spittle gathers about the hawk's bill
To FROUNCE, frounse, v. a. To frizzle or curl the
hair.
FROUZY, fr6&-7^, adj. 313. Dim, cloudy; fetid,
musty. A- cant word.
FKOWARD, fro-wdrd, adj. 88. Peevish, ungovern-
able, perverse.
FROWARDLY, fioi-ward-1^, adv. Peevishly, pcr-
FllONDIFEHOUS, frSn-dlfcfe-rCis.arf;'. Bearing leaves. versely
FRONT, fr&nt, or front, s. 165. The face; thej FROWARDNESS, fro-wfird-n^s, 5. Peevishness, per-
I'nce, ayopposed to an enemy ; the part or place opposed | verseness.
to the fuce; the van of an army; the forepart of any | -po FROWN, frouu, v. a. 323. To express displea-
a i±uaenc£ing ' *" mOSt C°"SP'CUOUS ')art : I sure by contracting the face to wrinkles.
FRU 218 FUL
c5- 559. File 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit SI— me1 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, m5ve 164,
FRUSTUM, fr&s-t&m, *. A piece cut off from a
regular figure. A term of science.
FRY, frl, S. The swarm of little fishes just produced
TROWN, fro&n, s. A wicked look, a look of <'.is-
pleasure.
FROZEN, frA-zn, 103. part. pass, of Freeze.
FRUCTIFEROUS, fruk-tlftf3r-&s, adj. Bearing fruit
To FRUCTIFY, fr&kit^-fl, v. a. 183. To make
fruitful, to fertilize.
To FRUCTIFY, fr&kit^-fl, v. n. To bear fruit
FRUCTIFICATION, fr&k-t£-f£-ka£sh&n, s. The
act of causing or of bearing fruit, fertility.
FRUCTUOUS, frukitshu-us, adj. 463. Fruitful,
fertile, impregnating with fertility.
FRUGAL, fru-gal, adj. 88. Thrifty, sparing, par-
simonious.
FRUGALITY, fru-gal^~t£, s. Thrift, parsimony,
good husbandry.
FRUGALLY, fru-gal-^, adv. Parsimoniously, spar-
ingly.
FRUGIFEROUS, fru-jlPfCr-us, s. Bearing fruit.
FRUIT, frAot, s. 343. The product of a tree or
plant in which the seeds are contained ; that part of a
plant which is taken for food ; production ; the offspi ing
' of the womb ; advantage gained by any enterprise or
conduct ; the effect or consequence of any action.
FRUITAGE, frAAt-ldje, s. 90. Fruit collectively,
various fruits.
FRUITBEARER, frAAt-bar-ur, s. That which pr
duces fruit
FRUITBEARING, frAAtibar-Ing, a<lj. Having the
quality of producing fruit
FRUITERER, froot^r-ur, *. One who trades in
fruit— See Forger.
FfiUITERY, frAot^r-£, s. Fruit collectively taken
a fruit loft, a repository for fruit.
FRUITFUL, frAAt-ful, adj. Fertile, abundantly pro-
ductive ; actually bearing fruit ; prolifick, child bear
ing; plenteous, abounding in any thing.
FRUITFULLY, fr&At'ful-e, adv. In such a manner
.t, to be prolifick ; plcnteously, abundantly.
FRUrTFULNESS, froAt-fu!-n£s, s. Fertility, plen
tiful production; the quality of being prolifick.
FRUITGROVES, frAAt-grAvz, 5. shades, or close
plantations of fruit trees.
FRUITION, fru-lsh-un, s. Enjoyment, possession
pleasure given by possession or use,
FRUITIVE, frui<i-tlv, adj. Enjoying, possessing
having the power of enjoyment.
FRUITLESS, frAAt-les, adj. Barren of fruit ; vain
idle, unprofitable ; without offspring.
FRUITLESSLY, frAAt-l£s-le, adv. Vainly, idly, un
profitably.
FRUIT-TIME, frAAt-tlme, s. The Autumn.
FRUIT- TREE, frAAt-treti, s. A. tree of that kind whose
principal value arises from the fiuit produced by it.
FRUMENTACIOUS, fru-m£n-ta-shus, adj. Made
of grain.
FRUMENTY, fru£m£n-te, s. Food made of wheat
boiled in milk.
85" This word is almost universally corrupted into
furmenty, if not sometimes into fur-me-te : and 1 believe
it is seldom found that words employed in the concerns
of cookery are ever recovered from irregularity..— See As-
paragus and Cucumber.
To FRUMP, frump, v. a. To mock, to browbeat.
To FRUSH, frush, v. a. To break, bruise, or crush.
FRUSTRANEOUS, fr&s-tri-ne-us, adj. Vain, use-
less, unprofitable.
To FRUSTRATE, frustrate, v. n. 91. To defeat,
to disappoint, to balk ; to make null.
FRUSTRATE, frustrate, part. adj. Vain, ineffec-
tual, useless, unprofitable, null, void.
FRUSTRATION, frus-tra-shun, s. Disappointment,
defeat
FRUSTRATTVE, fr&sitra-tlv, adj. 512. Fallacious,
disappointing.
FUUSTRATORY, fr&s-tra-tur-e, ai'j. 512 That
makes any procedure void.
For the o, see ~
from the spawn ; any swarm of animals, or young peo-
ple in contempt.
To FRY, frl, v. a. To dress food by roasting it in a
)-an on the fire.
To FRY, fri, t'. n. To be roasted in a pan on the
fire ; to suffer the action of fire; to melt with heat ; to
be agitated like liquor in the pan on the fire.
FRY, fri, S. A dish of things fried.
FRYTNGPAN, frUIng-pan, s. The vessel in which
meat is roasted on the fire.
FRVTH, frith, s. (Not so common a spelling.)
A frith, a wood ; a plain between woods.
To FUB, fub, v. a. To put off.
85» This word is more usually written Fob.
FuB, fub, S. A plump chubby boy.
FUCATED, fi-ka-t&d, adj. Painted, disguised with
paint ; disguised by false show.
FUCUS, fil-kus, s. Paint for the face.
To FUDDLE, fudMl, v. a. To make drunk.
To FUDDLE, fud-dl, v. n. 405. To drink to ex.
cess.
FUEL, fu-ll, S. 99. The matter or aliment of fire.
FUGACIOUS, fu-ga^shus, adj. 292. 357. Volatile,
fleeting.
FUGACIOUSNESS, fu-ga-shus-n£s, s. Volatility,
the quality of flying away.
FUGACITY, fu-gas-i-te, S. Volatility, quality of
flying away ; uncertainty, instability.
FUGITIVE, fa-j£-tlv, adj. Not tenable ; unsteady ;
volatile, apt to fly away ; flying, running from danger ;
flying from duty, falling off; wandering, vagabond.
FUGITIVE, fu-je-tlv, s. One who runs from his
station or duty ; one who takes shelter under another
power from punishment.
FUGITIVENESS, fu-j£-tiv-n£s, *. Volatility, insta-
bility, uncertainty.
FUGUE, f&vrg, s. 337. Flying musick.
FULCIMENT, fal-s£-m£nt, s. 177. That on which
a body rests.
To FULFIL, ful-fll,' r. a. To fill till there is no
room for more ; to answer any prophecy or promise by
performance ; to answer any desire by compliance or
gratification ; to answer any law by obedience.
FULFILMENT, ful-fllim£nt, s. An accomplishment,
a fulfilling.
FuLFRAUGHT, ful-frawt,' adj. Full-stored.
FULGENCY, ful'j3n-s£, *. 177. Splendour.
FULGENT, fulij^nt, * ^ ^.^
FULGID, fal-jid,
FULGIDITY, ful-jldii-te, *. Splendour.
FuLGOUR, f&l-gftr, s. 314. Splendour, dazzling
brightness.
FULGURATION, fal-gi-raishun, j. The act of
lightening.
FULIGINOUS, fi-lldfjln-&s, adj. Sooty, smoky.
FULL, ful, adj. 1 74. Replete, without any sjwce
void ; abounding in any quality good or bad ; stored
with any thine ; well supplied with any thing ; plump,
fat; saturated, sated; crowded in the imagination or
memory; complete, such as that nothing farther is
wanted ; containing the whole matter, expressing much ;
mature, perfect; applied to Ihe moon, complete in its
orb.
FULL, ful, ». Complete measure ; the highest state
or degree ; the whole, the total ; the state of being full ;
applied to the moon, the time in which the moon makes
a perfect orb.
FULL, ful, adv. Without abatement ; with the
whole effect; quite; exactly; very sufficiently; directly.
FULL-BLOWN, ful-blone, adj. Spread to the ut-
most extent; stretched by the wind to the utmost ex
tent
FULL-BOTTOMED, ful-b6t-t&md, 0$. Having *
large bottom.
FUM
219
FUR
n3r 167, nSt 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, b&ll 173—611 299 — pound SI 3— thin 466 — THIS 469.
) ..
( °*'
FULL-EARED, ful Wrd,' adj. 362. Having the FUMOUS, fu-mus, 314. .
heads full of grain ! FUSIY, fftimA, C**":
FULL-EYED, ful-ide,' adj. Having large prominent FuN f& ,. g t h, h merriment>
eyes.
FuLL-FED, ful-f£d,' adj. Sated, fat, saturated.
FULL- LADEN, ful-la-dn, adj- 103. Laden till
there can be no more.
FULL-SPREAD, f&l-sprdd/ adj. Spread to the ut-
most extent.
FULL-SUMMED, ful-s&md,' adj. Complete in all its
parts.
To FULL, ful, v. a. To cleanse cloth from its oil
or grease.
FULLAGE, fuUlaje, s 90. The money paid for ful-
ling or cleansing cloth.
FULLER, fuUliir, s. 98. One whose trade is to
cleanse cloth.
J£5- This word, though derived from the Latin FiiUo,
hasueviated into the sound of the English word full, and
is an exception to the rule laid down in the Principles,
No. 17".
FULLER'S EARTH, ful-l&rz- &•</*,' s. A kind of marl
or clay used in fulling.
FULLERY, fulM?ir-r£, s. The place where the trade
of a fuller is exercised.
FULLING-MILL, fuWlng-mll, ,?. A mill where ham-
mers beat the cloth till it be cleansed.
FULLY, ful-le, adv. Without vacuity ; completely,
without lack.
FULMINANT", f?ilim£-nant, adj. 111. Thunder-
ing, making a noise like thunder.
To FULMINATE, f&l-md-nate, v. n. 91. To thun-
der ; to make a loud noise or crack ; to issue out eccle-
siastical censures.
FULMINATION, ful-m£-na-shun, s. The act of
thundering ; denunciation of censures.
FULMINATORY, f51-m£-na-tur-£, adj. 512. Thun.
deting, striking horror.
FULNESS, ful-n£s, *. The state of being full ; co-
piousness, plenty ; repletion, satiety ; struggling per-
turbation, swelling in the mind ; force of sound, such
' as fills the ear.
FULSOME, ful-s&m, adj. 177. Nauseous, offensive ;
of a rank odious smell ; tending to obscenity.
FuLSOMELY, fulisum-ld, adv. Nauseously, rankly,
obscenely.
FuLSOMENESS, ful-s&m-n5s, s. Nauseousness, rank
smell; obscenity.
FuMAGE, fu'maje, s. 90. Hearth-money.
FuMATORY, f£i-ma-t&r-£, s. 512. 534. An herb.
To FUMBLE, fum^bl, v. n. 405. To attempt any
thing awkwardly or ungainly ; to puzzle, to strain in
perplexity; to play childishly.
FUMBLER, fumU)l-ur, s. One who acts awkwardly.
FUMBLINGLY, fum-bllng-U, adv. In an awkward
manner.
FUME, {time, s.
Smoke, vapour, any volatile parts
flying away; exhalation from the stomach; heat of
mind, passion ; any thing unsubstantial, idle conceit,
vain imagination.
To FuME, firne, v. n. To smoke ; to yield exha-
lations ; to pass away in vapours ; to be in a rage.
To FUME, ffime, v. a. To smoke, to dry in the
smoke ; to perfume with odours in the fire j to disperse
in vapours.
FuMETTE, lu-m£t,' 5. The stink of meat
FuMID, fti'mld, adj. Smoky, vajwrous.
FUMIDITY, fil-mld-»i-t^, s. Smokiuess, tendency to
smoke.
To FUMIGATE, f6-me gate, v. n. To smoke, to
perfume by smoke or vapour ; to medicate or heal by
vapours.
FUMIGATION, fi-m^-ga-sh&n, s. Scents raised
by fire; the application of medicines to the body in
fumes.
FuMINGLY, f(i-mlng-l£, adv. Angrily, in a rage.
FuMiTtR, fu-me-t&r, j. 98. — See Fumalory.
ith great deference to Dr. Johnson, I think Fun
ought rather to be styled low merriment.
FUNCTION, ffingkish&n, s. Discharge, perform-
ance ; employment, office ; single act of any office ;
trade, occupation ; office of any particular part of tlie
body ; power, faculty.
FUND, ffind, s. Stock, capital, that by which any
expense is supported ; stock or bank of money.
FUNDAMENT, ffkntdft-mfat, *. The back part of
the body ; the aperture from which the excrements are
ejected.
FUNDAMENTAL, f?in-tla-m£nital, adj Serving for
the foundation, essential, not merely accidental.
FUNDAMENTAL, fun-di-m£n£tal, s. Leading pro-
position ; that part on which the rest is built.
FUNDAMENTALLY, ftin-da-m£n-tal-4, adv. Es-
sentially, originally.
FUNERAL, fft-n^r-al, s. 88. The solemnization of
a burial, the payment of the lust honours to the dead,
obsequies ; the pomp or procession with which the dead
are carried ; burial, interment.
FUNERAL, fb-n£r-al, adj. Used at the ceremony of
interring the dead.
FUNEREAL, fi-neir£-al, adj. Suiting a funeral,
dark, dismal.
FUNGOSITY, fung-g6si<*-t£, s. Unsolid excrescence.
FUNGOUS, f&ng-gfts, adj. 314. Excrescent, spongy.
FUNGUS, fung'g&s, s. Strictly a mushroom; a
word used to express such excrescences of flesh as grow
out upon the lips of wounds, or any other excrescence
from trees or plants not naturally belonging to them.
FUNICLE, f6'n4-kl, s 405. 534. A small cord.
FUNICULAR, fu-nlk-h-lar, adj. 88. Consisting of a
small cord or fibre.
FUNK, f&ngk, s. A stink.
FUNNEL, f&n-nll, s. 99. An inverted hollow cone
with a pipe descending from it, through which liquors
are poured into vessels; a pipe or passage of commu-
nication.
FUR, f&r, j. Skin with soft hair, with which gar-
ments are lined for warmth ; soft hair of beasts found
in cold countries, hair in general ; any moisture exhal-
ed to such a degree as that the remainder sticks in the
part.
To FUR, f&r, v. a. To line or cover with skins that
have soft hair ; to cover with soft matter.
FUR WROUGHT, f&r-rawt, adj. Made of fur.
FURACIOUS, fft-ra-sh&s, adj. Thievish.
FURACITY, fh-r<\S-(*-t^, s. Disposition to theft.
FURBELOW, f&ribi-16, *. Fur or fringe sewed on
the lower part of the garment ; an ornament of dress.
To FURBELOW, ffrr-b<i-l6, v. a. To adorn with
ornamental appendages.
To FURBISH, fiir-blsh, t;. a. To burnish, to polish,
to rub up.
FuRBISHER, fiiribish-&r, s. One who polishes any
thing.
FURCATION, fur-kaishfin, s. Forkiness, the state
of shooting two ways like the blades of a fork.
FURFUR, f&r-f&r, s. Husk or chaff, scurf or dan-
driff.
FURFURACEOUS, f&r-fh-ra-sh&s, adj 357. Husky,
branny, scaly.
FURIOUS, fi-r£-&s, adj. Mad, phrenctick ; raging,
transported by passion beyond reason.
FURIOUSLY, fh-re-CiS-ld, adv. Madly, violently, vehe-
mently.
FuRlOUSNFSS, fft-r£-is-n£s, s. Frenzy, madnesi,
transport of passion.
To FURL, f&rl, ». a. To draw up, to contract.
FURLONG, f&r-l&ng, s, A measure of length, th.»
eighth part of a mile.
FURLOUGH, f&r-lA, *. 318. 390. A temporary dis-
FUS
220
GAB
559. Fite73, fAr 77, ftll 83, fit 81 — m& 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nd 162, mSve 164,
mission from a military service ; leave of absence to a
soldier for a limited time.
FuHMENTY, f&r-m£n-t£, i. Food made by boiling
wheat in milk.— See Frumenty.
FURNACE, firinls, s. 91. An enclosed fireplace.
To FlIRNISH, f&r-nlsh, v. a. To supply with what
is necessary ; to fit up ; to equip ; to decorate, to adorn.
FURNISHER, firinlsh -ir, s. One who supplies or
•"USEE,
fits out.
FURNITURE, fftrin^-tsh&re, s. 463.
Moveables,
yon
Far
goods put in a house for use or ornament ; appendages ;
equipage, embellishments, decorations.
FURRIER, furi£-&r, s. A dealer in furs.
FURROW, furirA, s. 324. 327. A small trench
made by the plough for the reception of seed ; any long
trench or hollow.
FURROW-WEED, f&r£rA-w££d, j. A weed that
grows in furrowed land.
To FURROW, f&rirA, v a. To cut in furrows ; to
divide into long hollows; to make by cutting.
FURRY, fir^re, adj. Covered with fur, dressed in
fur ; consisting of fur.
FURTHER, fir-TH&r, adj. 98. Forth, Further,
Furthest At a great distance ; beyond this.
£5» Dr. Johnson has proved beyond dispute that far-
ther ADA farthest are not the comparative and superlative
of far, but corruptions of the comparative and superla-
tive of forth. However true this discovery may be, it
does not seem a sufficient reason for altering the beaten
path which custom had foimed in the usage of farther
and farthest. It is probable, indeed, that far, fore, and
form, arise from the same original root : extending be-
"'oiid some other object seems to be the leading idea in all.
Tar seems to intimate extension beyond an indefinite ob-
ject; fore, only such extension as gives priority to the ex-
tended object ; and forth, from its form, seems to relate
to the abstract of such priority of extension, or the vcn
act of extending or issuing out If, therefore, forth ant
far have different ideas annexed to them, the same com-
parative and superlative cannot possibly suit with both ;
and as almost immemorial usage has borrowed the com-
parative and superlative of forth to form the comparative
and superlative of far, their sense is now fixed to the lat-
ter ad verb; and forth, inasmuch as it differs from far
seems entirely to have lost its comparison. Notwith-
standing, therefore, that farther and farthest are veri
irregular branches of far, they are grafted on it by use"
and cannot be altered without diverting the plain ten
dency of the language Such, however, has been tin
force of Dr. Johnson's criticism, that, since his time
every writer and painter, unless by mistake, has usei
further and furl/test for farther and fartltest ; by which
means we have revived the comparative and superlative
of an adverb which had lost its comparison, and have los
the comparative and superlative of an adverb, which ha
been compared for these two hundred years. But though
further passes very well for farther, when far is out o
sight, we feel the utmost repugnance at saying, " Thu
far shall thou go, and no further."
" Some dream that they can silence when they will
" The storm of passion, and say, Ptate, be rtill ;
" But • Tktufar and nofartlur,' when address'd
" To the wild wave, or wilder human b-eoit,
" Implie^ authority, that never can,
" That nerer ought to be the lot of man."
Corrper't Progrut Iff Error.
FURTHER, furilHur, adv. To a greater distance.
To FURTHER, fur-TH&r, v. a. To put onward, t
forward, to promote, to assist
FURTHERER, fur-THuT-ir, s Promoter, advancer
FURTHERMORE, fur-THur-m6re, adu. Moreover
besides.
FURTIVE, fhr-t\v, adj. Stolen, gotten by theft.
FURUNCLE, fii^r&ngk-kl, s. 405. 534. A bile
an angry pustule.
FURY, fi-r£, s. Madness ; rage, passion of anger
enthusiasm, exaltation ot" fancy ; a turbulent, ragin
woman ; one of the infernal deit'ics, supposed to be err
ployed in tormenting wicked spirits in the other work
FURZE, f&rz, *. Gorse, goss.
FURZY, furizi, adj. Overgrown with furze, full o
gor*e.
FVSCATION, f&s-ka^sliun, *. The act of darkening
To FUSE, flue, v. a. To melt, to put into fuiion.
To FUSE, fftze, v. n. To be melted.
s- The cone, round which is wound
the cord or chain of a clock or watch ; a firelock,
small neat musket ; Fusee of a bomb or grenado shol I ,
is that which makes the whole powder or composition
in the shell take fire, to do the designed execution.
?USIBLE, fil^si-bl, adj. 405. Capable of being
melted.
FUSIBILITY, f&-s£-b1W-te, s. Capacity of being
melted, quality of growing liquid by heat
FUSIL, fu-zll, adj. Capable of being melted, lique-
fiable by heat ; running by the force of heat
J£5* As this word is derived from the French fusile and
heLatin futilis, it ought certainly to be written with the
final e, futile.
FusiL, f&-zi£' J. A firelock, a small neat musket ;
in heraldry, something like a spindle.
FUSILIER, fh-zil-l&r,' s. 275. A soldier armed
with a fusil.
FUSION, fi'zh&n, s. 451. The act of melting ; th«
state of being melted.
FUSS, f&s, s. A tumult, a bustle. A low cant word
FUST, f&st, *. The trunk or body of a column ; a
strong smell, as that of a mouldy barrel.
FUSTIAN, fis-tshin, t. 291. A kind of cloth made
of linen and cotton ; a high swelling kind of writing
made up of heterogeneous parts, bombast
FUSTIAN, f&sUshin, adj. Made of fustian ;
ling, unnaturally pompous, ridiculously tumid.
FUSTICK, f&s-tik, s. A sort of wood brough
the West Indies.
ght from
To FUSTIGATE, fhs-t& gate, v. a. To beat with
a stick.
FUSTILARIAN, fiis-td la'n*-Sn, s. A low fellow,
a stinkard.
FUSTINESS, f&sU£-n£s, s. Mouldiness, stink.
FUSTY, f&s-t£, adj. Smelling mouldy.
FUTILE, fh-tll, adj. 140. Talkative, loquacious ;
trifling, worthless.
FUTILITY, fh tiW-te, s. Talkativeness, loquacity ;
triflingness, want of weight, want of solidity.
FUTTOCKS, fut-t&ks, s. The lower timbers that
hold the ship together.
FUTURE, fu-tshire, adj. 461. That will be here-
after, to come.
FUTURE, f6-tsh&re, s. Time to come.
FuTURELY, fuitsh&re-lt*, adv. In time to come.
FUTURITION, fu tshi-rlsh-fin, j. The state of tie-
ing to be.
FUTURITY, ffi-tfi-r^-t^, *. Time to come ; events
to come ; the state of being to be, futurition. — See For-
tuitous.
$£F The reason why future has the / aspirated, and
futurity preserves that letter pure, is, that the accent is
before the * in the former word, and after it in the latter,
4&5.
To FUZZ, ffiz, v. n. To fly out in small particles.
FUZZBALL, f iz-ball, s. A kind of fungus, which,
when pressed, bursts and scatters dust in the eyes.
FY, fl, interject. Implying blame or disapprobation.
GABARDINE,
frock.
To GABBLE, g&Ubl, v. n. 405. To make an in-
articulate noise; to prate loudly without meaning.
GABBLE, glr/bl, s Inarticulate noise like that of
brute animals ; loud talk without meaning.
GABBLER, gil/bl-ar, s. A prater, a chattering
fellow.
GABEL, g&£b£l, *. An excise, a tax.
GABION, ga-b^-&n, *. 507. A wicker basket which
is rilled with earth to make a fortification or entrench-
ment.
GAL
221
n6r 167, nit 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — 811 299 — p6ftnd 313 — thin 4G6 — THIS 469.
GAB'-P, gaibl, *. 405. The sloping roof of a build-
ing.
GAD, gM, *. A wedge or ingot of steel ; a style
or graver.
To GAD, g-M, V. n. To ramble about without any
settled purpose.
GADUER, gad^dftr, s. A rambler, one that runs
much abroad without business.
GADDINGLY, gad^dlng-le, adv. In a rambling
manner.
GADFLY, gadifll, s. A fly that, when he stings the
cattle, makes them gad or run madly about.
GAFF, gaf, s. A harpoon or large hook.
GAFFER, gafifur, s. 98. A word of respect, now
obsolete.
GAFFLES,
'af-flz, s. 405. Artificial spurs upon
cocks ; a steel contrivance to bend cross-bows.
To GAG, gig, v, n. To stop the mouth.
GAG, gag, .«. Something put into the mouth to hin-
der speech or eating.
GAGE, gadje, *• A pledge, a pawn, a caution.
To GAGE, gidje, t>. a. To depone as a wager, to
impawn ; to measure, to take the contents of any vessel
of liquids.
GAGGLE, g&g-gl, v. n. 405. To make a noise like
a goose.
GAIETY, ga^-ti, s. — See Gayely
GAILY, ga-l£, adv. Airily, cheerfully ; splendidly,
pompously.— -See Gayly.
GAIN, gane, ». 73. 202. Profit, advantage ; inter-
est, lucrative views ; overplus in a comparative com-
putation.
To GAIN, gane, v. a. To obtain as profit or ad-
vantage ; to have the overplus In comparative compu-
tation; to obtain, to procure ; to win; to draw into any
interest or party ; to reach, to attain ; to gain over, to
draw to another party or interest.
To GAIN, gane, v. n. To encroach, to come for-
ward by degrees ; to get round, to prevail against ; to
obtain influence with.
GAINER, gAnd'&r, s. One who receives profit or
advantage.
GAINFUL, ganeifi'il, adj. Advantageous, profitable ;
lucrative, productive of money.
GAINFULLY, ganeifil-^, adv. Profitably, advanta-
geously.
GAINFULNESS, gane-f&!-n5s, s. Lucrativeness.
GAINGIVING, ganeiglviing, s. The same as mis-
giving, a giving against.
GAINTLESS, ganeife, adj. Unprofitable.
GAINLESSNESS, gane£l£s-n£s, s. Unprofitableness.
CAINLY, gane-l(^, adv. Handily, readily.
To GAINSAY, gane-sa,' v. a. To contradict, to op-
pose, to controvert with.
GAINSAYER, gane-sa'&r, s. Opponent, adversary.
'GAINST, g^nst, prep. 206. Poetically for against.
GAiaiSH, gairlsh, ailj. 202. Gaudy, showy ; ex-
travagantly gay, flighty.
GAIRISHNESS, gairlslune's, *. Finery, flaunting
gaudiness ; flighty or extravagant joy.
GAIT, gate, s. March, walk ; the manner and air of
walking.
GALA, gu-la, s. A grand entertainment; splendid a-
musement.
£5" I have given this Italian word a place in this Dic-
tionary, as I think, it has been sufficiently received to
make part of the language. It is a good sounding word ;
and as we ha»e not an equivalent for it, we ought to give
it the same welcome we do to a rich foreigner who comes
to settle among us.
GALAXY, gaWak-si, s. 517. The milky way.
GALBANUM, gali-ba-num, s. 503. A kind of gum.
A wind not tempestuous, yet stronger
GALE,
than a breeze.
GAI.EAS, gal-yas, j. A heavy tow-built vessel, with
both iuili and o.irs.
GALEATED, gi-le-a-t£d, adj. 507. Covered »*
with a helmet ; in botany, such plants as bear a tlowei
resembling a helmet, as the monkshood.
GAUOT, gal-y&t, s. A little galley or sort of bri-
gantine, built very slight, and fit for chase.
GALL, giwl, s. The bile, an animal juice remark-
able for its supposed bitterness ; the part which con-
tains the bile; any thing extremely bitter; rancour,
malignity; a slight hurt by fretting off the skin; anyer,
bitterness of mind.
To GALL, giwl, v. a. To hurt by fretting the
skin ; to impair, to wear away ; to tease, to fret, to vex ,
to harass, to mischief.
To GALL, gawl, v. n. To fret.
GALLANT, gaWant, adj. Gay, well-dressed ; brave,
high-spirited ; fine, noble, specious
GALLANT, gal-lant/ adj. Inclined to courtship.
GALLANT, gal-lant/ s. A gay, sprightly, splendid
man ; one who caresses women to debauch them ; a
wooer, one who courts a woman for marriage.
Jf^ The difference of accent in English answers the
same purpose as the different position of the adjective in
French. Thus un gallant homme signifies a gallant man,
and un homme gallant, a gallant man.
GALLANTLY, gal-lant-W, adv. Gayly, splendidly ,
bravely, nobly, generously.
GALLANTLY, gal-lant-li, adv. Like a wooer, or
one who makes love.
GALLANTRY, gaUlan-tr5, 3. Splendour of ap|>ear-
ance, show ; bravery, generosity ; courtship, refined ail-
dress to women ; vicious love, lewdness.
GALLERY, gal-l&r-d, s. 557. A kind of walk a-
long the floor of a house, into wjiich the doors of tlie
apartments open ; the upper seats in a church ; the teats
in a playhouse above the pit, in which the meaner peo-
ple sit.
GALLEY, galil£, s. A vessel driven with oars.
GALLEY-SLAVE, gal-le-slave, s. A man condemned
for some crime to row in the galleys.
GALLIARD, gal-yard, s. A gay, brisk, lively man ;
a fine fellow ; an active, nimble, sprightly dance.
GALLIABDISE, galiyir-dlse, s. Merriment, exube-
rant gayety.
GALLICISM, gal-le.-slzm, s. A mode of speech pe-
culiar to the French language.
GALLIGASKINS, gal-i^-gasiklns, s. Large open
hose.
GALLIMATIA, gal-l^-ma^sha, s.
without meaning.
Nonsense, talk
GALLIMAUFRY, gal-l<*-mawifr<*, 3. A hotch-potch,
or hash of several sorts of broken meat, a medley ; an
Inconsistent or ridiculous medley.
GALLIPOT, gal-ld-p&t, *. A pot painted and glazed.
GALLON, gal-l&n, *. A liquid measure of four
quarts.
GALLOON, gal-lo5n,' s. A kind of close lace, nude
of gold or silver, or of silk alone.
To GALLOP, galil&p, v. n. To move forward by
leaps, so that all the feet are off the ground at once : :•»
ride at the pace which is performed by leaps ; to move
very fast.
GALLOP, gaWfip, s. The motion of a horse when he
A horse that ga
runs at full speed.
GALLOPER, gaWnp-&r, j.
a man that rides fast.
GALLOWAY, gal-li-wa, s. A horse not more th:«n
fourteen hands high, much used in the north.
To CALLOW, gaUIo, v. a. To terrify, to fright.
GALLOWS, gal-lus, s. Beam laid over two poatj,
on which malefactors are hanged.
GALOCHE, ga-loshe,' jilur. Ga-lA-shiz, s. A
kind of wooden shoe, worn by the common people in
France.
f^f I have found this word in no Dictionary in OMI
language but Ash's; who quotes Chaucer for it, and marks
it as obsolete. But however obsolete this word may U-,
as signifying a wooden shoe, it is certainly in use, 'as it
signifies a larger shoe, worn over a common one to pre-
vent damp or dirt in walking. This shoe was most \-nt-
bably of leather in England, since we find in Edward tli2
2 C
GAN
222
K>- 359. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m5t 95 — pine 106, pin 107 — n& 162, mAre 1 64
Fourth's time, the king in Parliament enacted, "That no fc^- The former of these words is tire most proj>er,
Cordwainer or Cobler within the citty of London, or with- but the latter is most in u»e.
<>i any person, any shoots, hiueans, or Galoches, upon rr.nrFR ;AlP'nr . v«.i»r of a nriwn he io
pain of forfeiture or loss of 20 shillings, as often as any , <JAOLF.R, jaK-Qr, 4. Keeper a prison, ne N
person shall do contrary to this ordinance." whose care the prisoners are committed.
Ueylin's Hist, of the Sabbath, part 2, chap. 7, page 231. ' GAP, gap, s. An opening in a broken fence, a breach ;
GALVANISM, gal-van-lzm, s. A term used to de- | a hole, a deficiency ; any interstice, a vacuity.
note the system of electricity discovered by Dr Galvani, GAP-TOOTHED, gap-t6d</it, adj. 359. Havirg
an Italian, in which it is found, that by placing thin . in'erttices between ibe teeth,
plates of metal together in a pile, and putting between T<> GAPE? g^pt „_ n ?5 9^ 241. To open the
mouth wide, to yawn ; to open the mouth for food, M
a young bird ; to desire earnestly, to crave ; to open tu
fissures or holes ; to stare with hope or expectation ; to
stare with wonder ; to stare irreverently.
them thin leaves of wet paper, several electrical pheno-
mena are produced.
" \A.-./ 1
s. In the plural, Spat-
G. \MBADB, gam-bade,' 7
a-d6, 5
J^> The irregularity in the pronunciation of this word
seems to arise from the greater similitude of the Italian -
GAMBADO, gam-ba-d6
terdashes, a kind of boots. 8cemS to arise from the greater similitude of the Italian <i
GAMBLER, gam-bl-ur, «. A knave whose practice w tne actlon signified, tfian of the slender English a.-***
is to invite the unwary to game, and cheat them. I cheerful, Fierce, ic.
GAMBOGE, gam-b66dje,' i. A concreted vegetable! GAPEB, ga-p&r, s. 98. Orie who opens his mouth ;
juice, partly of a gummy, partly of a resinous nature. | one wno stares foolishly ; one who longs or craves.
To GAMBOL, gam-bul, v. n, 166. To dance, to GARB, garb, s. Dress, clothes ; exterior appearance.
skip, to frisk. j GARBAGE, gar^bldje, *. 90. The bowels, the otr.ii.
P J°y>
GARBEL, gar^bll, *. 99. The plank next the
, garibldje, s. 9O. Corrupted from Gai-
To GARBLE, gar'bl, v. n. 405. To sift, to part,
• bad.
He who separates oit«
CAMBREL, g&m^bril, s. 99. The hind leg of a
horse.
GAME, game, s. Sport of any kind ; jest, opposed
to earnest ; insolent merriment, sportive insult ; a sin- . .. - . ,
gle match at play ; field sports. M the chase; animals j to separate the good from the bad.
pursued in the field ; solemn contests exhibited as spec- . GARBLER, gar-bl-Cir, s.
taeles to the people. part from another.
To GAME, game, v. n. To play at any sport ; to GARBOIL, gari-bSll, *. Disorder, tumult, uproar,
play wantonly and extravagantly for money.
GAMECOCK, gameikSk, 5. A cock bred to fight.
GAMEEGG, gamei^g, s. An egg from which fight-
ing cocks are bred.
GAMEKEEPER, game-k&p-&r, t. A person who
looks after game, and sees it is not destroyed.
GAMESOME, gamt-stim, adj
sportive.
Frolicksome, gay,
GAMESOMENESS, gamcis&m-n^s, s. Sportiveness,
merriment.
GAMESOMELY, game-s&m It*, adv. Merrily.
GAMESTER, gameist&r, i. One who is viciously ad-
dicted to play ; one who is engaged at play : a merry,
frolicksome person ; a prostitute.
GAMMER, gim-mur, s, The compeUation of a wo-
man corresponding to Gaffer.
GAMMON, gSmimfin, s. 156. The buttock of a hog
salted and dried ; a term at back-gammon {M winning
the ganK-
GAMUT, gam-ut, *. The scale of musical notes.
'GAN, gin. Poetically for Began, as 'Gin for Be-
gin.
GANDER, gail^dur, j. 98. The male of the goose.
To GANG, gang, v. n. To go, to walk ; an old
word not now used, except ludicrously.
GANG, gang, s. A number hanging together, a
troop, a company, a tribe.
GANGLION, gangigle-ftn, s. 166. A tumour in
the tendinous and nervous parts.
GANGRENE, gangigrine, *. 408. A mortification,
a stoppage of circulation followed by putrefaction.
To GANGRENE, gingigr^ne, v. a. To corrupt to
mortification : neuterh/, to become mortified.
GANGRENOUS, gang-gr<i-nQs, at(j. Mortified, or
betokening mortification.
GANGWAY, gangiwa, S. In a ship, the several
ways or passages from one part of it to the other.
GANGWEEK, gangiwiek, s. Rogation week.
G ANTELOPE, gant-16pe, 7
GANTLET,
A military punish-
ment, in which the criminal running between the ranks
t a lash from uwii uiau.
SARD, gartl, s. Wardship, custody.
GARDEN, giridn, s. 92. 103. A piece of ground
enclosed and cultivated, planted with herbs or fiuits ; &
place particularly fruitful or delightful : Garden i& of-
ten used in composition, to signify, belonging to a gar-
den ; as, ^-ardrn-tillage, garden-ware.
£5- When the a in this and similar words is preceded
jy C, G, or K, polite speakers interpose a sound like ilw
consonant y, which coalesces with both, and gives u n;ei-
:owness to the sound ; thus, a Garden pronounced in ihis
manner is nearly similar to the words Egg and Yamtn
united into eg. yarden, and a Guard is almost like t'gjf
yard — See Guard.
GARDEN-WARE, gar^ln-ware, t. The produce o(
gardens.
GARDENER, gir^dn-ur, s. He that attends or cul-
tivates gardens.
GARDENING, g&r-dn-Ing, j. The act of cultivating
or planning gardens.
GARGARISM, gar^ga-rlzm, s. A liquid form o)
medicine to wash the- mouth with.
To GARGAUIZE, gar^ga rlze, v. a. . To wash th«
m<>uth with medicated liquors.
To GARGLE, gar-gl, v. a. 405. To wash the
throat with some liquor not suffered immediate!) u>
descend ; to warble, to play in the throat.
GARGLE, g&r^gl, S. A liquor with which thethioat
is washed.
GARLAND, gar-land, t. A wreath or branches- ol
fiowers.
GARLICK, gar-lik, *. A plant.
GARUCKEATER, garillk-e-tflr, s. A mean fellow.
GARMENT, gar-m^nt, s. Any thing by which tne
body is covered.
GARNER, garin&r, *. A place in which thrashcJ
com is stored up.
To GARNER, gar-n6x, v. a. To store as la gn-
ners
GARNET, gar^n^t, s. 177. A gem.
To GARNISH, gar-nisli, v. a. To decorate with LT-
namental appendages ; to embellish a dUh. with some-
thing laid round it ; to fit with fetters.
GARNISH, gar-nlsh, *. Ornament, decoration, ein-
t ; things strewed round a dish ; in gaol* tet.
GAU
223
GEL
n3r 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299— p<5und 313— thin 469 — THIS 469.
To GAUDE, gawd, v. n. To exult, to rejoice at
any thing.
GAUDERy, gawi-d^r-4, j. Finery, ostentatious lux-
ury of dress.
GAUDILY, gdw-de-li, adv. Showily.
GAUDINESS, gaw-d4-n£s, s. Showiness, tinsel ap-
ters ; an acknowledgment in money when first a pri-
soner goes into gaol. A cant terra.
GARNISHMENT, gar-nlsh-m£nt, *. Ornament, em-
bellishment
GARNITURE, garine-tshure, s. Furniture, orna-
ment.
GAROUS, ga-rfis, ad;'. Resembling the pickle made
of fish.
GARRAK, gar^run, s. 81. A small horse, a hobby,
a wretched horse.
GARRET, gar-r£t, s. 81. A room on the highest
floor of the house.
GARRETTEER, gar-r^t-teer/ *. An inhabitant of a
garret.
GARRISON, gari.r«*-sn, ». 170. Soldiers placed in a
fortified town or castle to defend it; fortified place
stored with soldiers.
To GARRISON, garird-sn, v. a. To secure by for-
tresses.
GARRULITY, gar-ru'le-t^, *. Incontinence of tongue;
talkativeness.
GARRULOUS, gar-ru-lis, adj. Prattling, talkative,
loquacious.
GARTER, gar-tur, s. 98. A string or ribband by
which the stocking is held upon the leg ; the mark of
the order of the garter, the highest order of English
knighthood; the principal king at aims.
To GARTER, gar-tur, v. a. To bind with a garter.
GARTH, g&rlA, properly Girth, s. The bulk of
the body measured by the girdle.
G AS, gas, s. A spirit not capable of being coagulated.
GASCONADE, gas-k6-nade/ s. A boast, a bravado.
To GASH, gash, v. a. To cut deep, so as to make
a gaping wound.
GASH, gash, s. A deep and wide wound ; the mark
of a wound.
GASKINS, gis-kinz, s. Wide hose, wide breeches.
To GAS?, gasp, v. n. To open the mouth wide to
catch breath; to emit breath by opening the mouth
«i>nvulsively ; to long for.
frj- The a in this word has sometimes, and not impro-
perly, the same sound as in gape, and for the same reason,
—See Gape.
GASP, gasp, 5. The act of opening the mouth to
catch breath ; the short ca'ch of the breath in the last
agonies.
To GAST, gist, v. a. To make aghast, to fright,
to shock.
GASTRICK, gas-trlk, adj. Belonging to the belly.
GASTRILOQUIST, gas-trll'6-kwist, s. One who
speaks from the belly.
GASTRII.OQUY, gas-triliA-kw<$, s. Speaking from
the belly.
GASTROTOMY, gas-trot^o-me, s. 518. The act
of cutting open the belly.
GAT, git. The preterit of Get. Obsolete.
GATE, gate, s. The door of a city, a castle, palace,
or large building ; a frame of timber upon hinges to
give a passage into enclosed grounds.
GATEVEIN, gateivane, .?. The vena porUe ; tho
great vein which conveys the blood to the liver.
GATEWAY, gate-wa, s. A way through gates of
enclosed grounds.
To GATHER, g&tt&lr, v. a. To collect, to brin
into one place; to pick up, to glean, to pluck, to crop
to assemble; to heap up, to accumulate; to collect
charitable contributions ; to bring into one body or in
tcrest ; to pucker needle-work.
To GATHER, gaTH-Cir, v. n. To be condensed ; to
grow larger by the accretion of similar matter ; to as-
semble ; to generate pus or matter.
GATHER, gaTH-ur, *. 98. Pucker, cloth drawn to-
gether in wrinkles.
GATHERER, garH-ur-rur, *. One that gathers, a
collector; one that gets in a crop of any kind.
GATHERING, gaTH-ur-ing, s. Collection of chari-
table contributions.
GAL UK, giiwd & An oi^menl, a fine living.-
pearance.
GAUDY, gawid£, adj. 213. Showy, splendid, os-
tentatiously fine.
GAUDY, gaw^W, s. A feast, a festival.
GAVE, gave. The preterit of Give.
GAVEL, gav-ll, s. 177. A provincial word for
ground.
GAVELKIND, ga"v-5l-klnd, 5. In law, a custom
whereby the lands of the father are equally divided at
his death among all his sons.
To GAUGE, gadje, v. a. 217. To measure with
respect to the contents of a vessel ; to measure with re-
gard to any proportion.
GAUGE, gadje, s. A measure, a standard.
GAUGF.R, ga-jur, s. One whose business is to mea-
sure vessels or quantities.
GAUNT, gant, adj. 214. Thin, slender, lean,
meager.
GAUNTLY, gant-li, adv. Leanly, slenderly, mca-
gerly.
GAUNTLET, gant-let, s. An iron glove used tor
defence, and thrown down in challenges.
GAUZE, gawz, s. A kind of thin transparent silk.
GAUNTREE, ganitree, $.214. A wooden frame
on which beer casks are set when tunned.
GAWK, gawk, s. 219. A cuckow, a foolish fellow.
GAY, ga, adj. 220. Airy, cheerful, merry, frolick-
some ; fine, showy.
GAYETY, ga-^-te, s Cheerfulness, airiness, merri-
ment; acts of juvenile pleasure; finery, show.
GAYLY, ga£-l£, adu. Merrily, cheerful!}, showily.
GAYNESS, ga£n£s, s. Gayety, finery.
To GAZE, gaze, v. n. To look intent and ear-
nestly, to look with eagerness.
J£5» Ben Jonson says in his Grammar, that in the e d
of " many English words (where the letter z is only pro-
perly used) it seems to sound as s, as in maze, guxe ; as, on
the contrary, words writ with s sound like z, as mutr,
hose, nose, &c. :" By which we may observe the difference
of pronunciation in two centuries, and that the alteratii :i
has been in favour of analogy.
GAZE, gaze, s. Intent regard, look of eagerness or
wonder, fixed look ; the object gazed on.
GAZER, ga-zur, s. He that gazes, one that lookj
intently with eagerness or admiration.
GAZEFUL, gaze-fill, adj. Looking intently.
GAZEHOUND, gazeihound, s. A hound that pur-
sues not by the scent, but by the eye.
GAZET, gi-zet,' s. A small Venetian coin ; the price
of a newspaper, whence probably arose the natne of
Gazette.
GAZETTE, ga-z£t/ s. A paper of news, a papei of
publick intelligence.
GAZETTEER, gaz-4t teer,' s. A writer of news.
GAZINGSTOCK, ga-zing-st6k, s. A person gazed
at with scorn or abhorrence.
GAZON, gaz oOn,' s. In fortification, pieces of frc-h
earth covered with grass, cut in form of a wedge — i>ce
Kncore.
GEAR, gWr, *• 560. Furniture, aecotrtremeiiN,
dress, habit, ornaments ; the traces by which hor*e> or
oxen draw; stuff.
GECK, gt'k, s. 381. One easily imposed upon j a
bubble.
£5- This word, like several other old English wont*, 1s
preserved among, the lower order of people in Ireland,
and pronounced gag, though totally obsolete in England.
GEESE, ge^se, s. 560. The plural of Goose.
GELABLE, j^l-a-bl, adj. That may be congealed.
fcf* I have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the quantity
of the first syllable of this word, not so much from Uia
GEN
22 *
GEN
fc> 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 31 — m4 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107— ni 162, m5ve 164
Extreme cold.
ihort e in the Latin qclabU'S, whence it is derived, as from
the analogy of English pronunciation. The antepenul-
timate accent generally shortens every vowel but ?(, un-
less followed by a diphthong.— See Principles, No. 503.
5-5. 536.
GELATINE, j£l-a-tlne, 149. ~)adj. Formed into a
GELATINOUS, j<i-Mt-ln-&s, £ jelly.
To GELD, g51d, v, a. 560.pret. Gelded or Gelt;
part. past. Gelded or Gelt. To castrate, to deprive of
the power of generation ; to deprive of any essential
part.
G ELDER, g£ld-&r, s. One that performs the act of
castration.
G ELDER-ROSE, g£Ud5r-r6ze, *. A plant
GELDING, g£l'dlng, *. 560. Any animal castrat-
ed, particularly a horse.
GELID, jSl-ld, adj. Extremely cold.
GKLIDITY, j£-lld-£-t£, 7
GELIDNESS.j&Md-nSs, $ *'
GELLY, j£l-l£, s. Any viscous body, viscidity, glue,
gluey substance.
GELT, gelt, part. pass, of Geld.
GEM, j£m, *. A jewel, a precious stone of whatever
kind ; the first bud.
TV GEM, j£m, v. a. To adorn as with jewels orbuds.
To GEM, jlm, v. n. To put forth the first buds.
GEMELLIPAROUS, jSm-mll-lip-pa.-rus, adj. 518.
Bearing twins.
To GEMINATE, j5m'mA-nate, v. a. 91. To double.
GEMINATION, j£m-m&-naCshfrn, j. Repetition,
reduplication.
GEMINI, j&n^-ni, s. The twins, the third sign in
the Zodiack.
GEMINY, j£mim£-n£, s. Twins, a pair, a brace.
GEMINOUS, j£m-md-nfts, adj. Double.
GEMMAR, j£m-mar, adj. Pertaining to gems or
jewels.
GF.MMEOUS, j£m-m<*-&s, aifj. Tending to gems 5
resembling gems.
GENDER, j&nid&r, ». A kind, a sort, a sex ; a dis-
tinction of nouns in grammar.
To GENDER, jenidur, v. a. To beget ; to produce,
to cause.
To GENDER, j£nid&r, v. n. To copulate, to breed.
GENEALOGICAL, j£-ni-a-l5djeie-kal, adj. Per-
taining to descents or families.
GENEALOGIST, j^-ni-al^o-jlst, s. He who traces
descents.
GENEALOGY, ji-n^-aW-j^, *. 5 18. History of
the succession of families.
ft5» Common speakers, and those Hoc of the lower
order, are apt to pronounce this word as if written Genea-
logy ; but those who are ever so little attentive to proprie-
ty, preserve the a in its fourth sound.
GENERABLE, j^n^r-A bl, adj. That may be pro-
duced or begotten.
GENERAL, j^n^r-al, adj. 88. Comprehending
many species or individuals, not special ; lax in signifi-
cation, not restrained to any special or particular im-
port ; not restrained by narrow or distinctive limita-
tions ; relating to a whole class or body of men ; pub-
lick, comprising the whole ; extensive, though not uni-
versal; common, usual.
GENERAL, jeu^r-al, s. The w hole, the totality;
the publick, the interest of the whole; the vulgar ; one
that has the command over an army.
GENERALISSIMO, j£n-£r-al-ls-se-m6, s. The su-
preme commander.
G ENEBAL1TY, j&n-er-aUe-te, s, The state of being
general ; the main body, the bulk.
To GENERALIZE, j£n-er-al-ize, v. a. To arrange
particulars under general heads.
GENERALLY, j6if-er-al-£. adv. In general, with-
out specification or exception ; extensively, though not
universally ; commonly, frequently, in the main, with-
out minute detail.
GKNEKALNESS, jen-er- al-n<k, s. Wide extent,
though short of universality ; frequency, commonness.
GENERALTY, j£n^er-al-t«i, *. The whole, th*
greater part.
GENKRANT, j3ni£r-ant, «. The begetting or pro-
ductive power.
To GENERATE, j£ni£r-ate, v.a. To beget, to pro-
pagate; to cause, to produce.
GENERATION, j£o-£r-a-shcin, s. The act of be-
getting or producing ; a family, a race ; a progeny, off-
spring; a single succession, an age.
GENERATIVE, j^n^r-a-tiv, adj. 5 1 2. Having tiio
power of propagation, prolia'ck; having the power <>t
production, fruitful.
GENERATOR, j5n££r-i-t&r, s. 166. 521. Th«
power which begets, causes, or produces.
GENERICAL, je-n£r£4-kal,
GENERICK, je-n^r-rlk, 5O9.
hends the genus, or distinguishes from another genus.
GENERICALLY, j£-n£r-£-kil-4, adv. With regard
to the genus, though not the species.
GENEROSITY, jen-£r-6s-<i-tti, «. The quality of
being generous, magnanimity, liberality.
GENEROUS, j£n^£r-iis, adj. 314. Not of moan
birth, of good extraction; noble of mind, magnani
mous ; open of heart, liberal, munificent ; strong, vi-
gorous.
GENEROUSLY, j£ni4r-&S-l£, adv. Not meanly with
regard to birth ; magnanimously, nobly ; liberally, mu
niricently.
GENEROUSNESS, j3n£&r.us-n£s, s. The quality oi
being generous.
GENESIS, j£n£4-sls, s. Generation, the first book of
Moses, which treats of the production of the world.
GENET, \&n'-nlt, *. 99. A small well-proportioned
Spanish horse.
GENETHLIACAL, j£n-&A-li'a-kal, adj. Pertaining
to nativities as calculated by astrologers.
$^f For the g, see Heterogeneous.
GENETHLIACKS, jd-n&/i-l£-aks, $. The science «
calculating nativities, or predicting the future event*
of life, from the stars predominant at the birth.
GENETHLIALOGY, j£-n&A-l£-al-6-je, s. 5 1 8. Tht
art of calculating nativities.
GENETHLIATICK, j£-n&A-l£-atiik, s. He who
calculates nativities.
GENEVA, je-ne^va, s. A distilled spirituous liquor.
GENIAL, j£-n£-21, adj. That contributes to propa-
^ gatinn; that gives cheerfulness, or supports lite; na-
tural, native.
GENIALLY, j&n£-il.l£, adv. By genius, naturally ,
gayly, cheerfully.
GENICULATED, j£-nlWi-la-t£d, adj. Knotted,
jointed.
GENICULATION, jd-nlk-fc-laish&n, s. Knottine**.
GENIO, j^-n^-o, s. A man of a particuliu turn ol
mind.
GENITALS, j^n^-talz, s. 88. Parts belonging to
generation.
GENITING, j3n-nd-tln, s. An early apple gathered
in June.
GENITIVE, j^n-^-tiv, adj. In grammar, the name
of a case.
GENIUS, j^-n^-fis, s. The protecting or ruling power
of men, places, or things; a man endowed with supe-
riour faculties ; mental power or faculties; disposition
of nature by which any one is qualified for some pecu-
liar employment; nature, disposition.
GENTEEL, jJn-tWl/ adj. Polite, elegant in beha-
viour, civil ; grateful in mien.
GENTEELLY, j£n-te«iU4e, adv. Elegantly, politely ;
gracefully, handsomely.
GENTEELNESS, jdn-;^Un^s, s. Elegance, grace-
fulness, politeness; qualities befitting a man of rank.
GENTIAN, jfin-shan, s. Felwort or baldmoney.
GENTIANELLA, j£n-slian-£l-la, $. A kind of blue
colour.
GENTILE, j^n-tll, or j<5n'tile, s. One of an unco-
vcnantcd nation, one wiio knows not the true God.
ITj- In the Principles of Pronunciation, No. Liu I
GEO
GIIA
Ir. Sheridan wrong in marking the t In this word GEOMETRICAL, ii-A-m5titni-k4J, J ..
luse it is contrary to analogy; but have since /-„„,.,„.,.,„., :A A mA.',,!), [ °V-
ion to observe, that this pronunciation Is most UEOMtfRICK, j6-0-ri rlk,
Be-
n&r 167, n6t 163— tube 171, tub 173, b&ll 173—511 299 — p<5&nd 313— </<in 466 — TKfS 469.
thought M
long, beca
haa occasii _____ __ . ..
agreeable to general usage. This word, in grammar, is
use<l to signify people of different countries. A gentile
tubstantive, is a noun which marks a particular country;
as a Venetian, a native of Venice: a gentile adjective is
an adjective formed from this substantive ; as, a Venetian
domino.
GENTII.ISM, j5n-til-1zm, *. Heathenism, paganism.
GENTILITIOUS, j3n-til-llsh-ns, ci(0. Endemial, pe-
culiar to a nation ; hereditary, entailed on a family.
GENTILITY, j£n-tlW-t£, S. Good extraction ; ele-
gance of behaviour, gracefulness of mien ; gentry, the
class of persons well born ; paganism, heathenism.
GENTLE, j&n-tl, adj. 405. Soft, mild, tame, i>eace-
able; soothing, pacifiek.
GENTLEFOLK, jen-tl-fike, s. Persons distinguished
by their birth from the vulgar.— Sec Folk.
GENTLEMAN, j£n£tl-man, *. 88. A man of birth,
a man of extraction, though not noble ; a man raised
above the vulgar by his character or post ; a term of
complaisance ; the servant that waits about the person
of a man of rank ; it is used of any man however high.
GENTLEMANLIKE, j£n-tl-man-like, 7 ..
GENTLEMANLY, j5n-tl-man-lt*, 5 " ^
coming a man of birth.
GENTLENESS, j£nitl-n5s, *. Softnes* of manners,
sweetness of disposition, meekness.
GENTLESHIP, jSn-tl-sbip, s. Carriage of a gen-
tleman.
GENTLEWOMAN. j5n'tl-wum-&n, s. A woman of
birth above the vulgar, a woman well descended ; a
woman who waits about the person of one of high rank ;
a word of civility or irony.
GENTLY, j5n-tle, adv. Softly, meekly, tenderly;
softly, without violence.
GENTRY, j5nitr£, s. Class of people above the vul-
gar; a term of civility, real, or ironical.
GENUFLECTION, ji-nfc-fl^k-sh&n, *. The act of
bending the knee ; adoration expressed by bending the
knee.
GENUINE, j5n'6-ln; adj. 150. Not spurious.
GENUINELY, j£n£Mn-l£, adv. Without adultera-
hout forei
ing to geometry ; prescribed or laid down by geometry ;
disposed according to geometry.
GEOMETRICALLY, j£-6-m£t£trd.k&l-£, adv. Ac-
cording to the laws of geometry.
GEOMETRICIAN, ji-&m-^-trishian, s. One skilled
in geometry.
To GEOMETHIZE, j£-Sm-&-trlze, v. n. To act ac-
cording to the laws of geometry.
GEOMETRY, j£-&mim£-tr£, s. 116. 257. 518. The
scienee of quantity, extension, or magnitude, abstract-
edly considered.
GEOPONICAL, j4-A-p&n^-kal, adj. Relating to ag-
riculture.
GEOPONICKS, j£-A-p6n-lks, *. The science of cul-
tivating the ground, the doctrine of agriculture.
GEOHGE, jArje, s. A figure of St. George on horse-
back, wovn by the knights of the garter ; a brown loaf.
GEORGICK, jorijlk, *. 116. Some part of the science
of husbandry put into a pleasing dress, and set off with
all the beauties and embellishments of poetry.— See
Construe.
GEORGICK, jSr'jIk, adj. Relating to the doctrine of
agriculture.
GEOTICK, j£-6t'Ik, adj. 509. Belonging to the
earth.
GERENT, j£-r5nt, adj. Carrying, bearing.
GERMAN, j&riman, *. 88. A first tuiuiu
GERMAN, j^r-min, adj. Related.
GERMANDER, j^r-man-d&r, s. A plant
GERME, j
*• A sprout or shoot.
tion, with
ign admixture, naturally.
GENUINENESS, jlniu>ln-n£s, *. Freedom from
any thing counterfeit, freedom from adulteration.
GENUS, j&n6s, 5. In science, a class of being com-
prehending under it many species, as Quadruped is a
Genus comprehending under it almost all terrestrial
beasts.
GEOCENTRICK, j£-A-s£n£trlk, adj. Applied to a
planet or orb having the earth for iU centre, or the same
centre with the earth.
GEOD^F.SIA, ji-A-d&zhe-a, ». 452. That part of
geometry which contains the doctrine or art of mea-
suring surfaces, and finding the contents of all plane fi-
gures.
GEOD^TICAL, j£-A-d<5t^-kal, adj. Relating to the
art of measuring surfaces.
GEOGRAPHER, jtWig-gra-fir, s. 116.257. One
who describes the earth according to the position of its
different parts.
GEOGRAPHICAL, j£-A-graf-<i-kal, adj. Relating to
geography.
GEOGRAPHICALLY, j4-A.graf^-kal-£, ado. In a
geographical manner.
GEOGRAPHY, j<W>g£gr4-f«i, s. 116. 257. 518.
Knowledge of the earth.
GEOLOGY, jd-51-A-j£, s. The doctrine of the earth.
GEOMANCER, j&A-man-s&r, j. A fortuneteller, a
caster of figures.
GliOMANCY, j^-A-man-s£, *. 519. The act of fore-
telling by figures.
GEOMANTICK, ji A-minUlk, adj. Pertaining to the
art of casting figures.
GEOMETER, ji 6mW-t&r, $. One skilled in geometry,
a geometrician.
GF.OMF.TRAL, ji-irn-d'trll, adj. Pertaining to ge-
ometry.
GERMIN, jSr^mln, ». A shooting or sprouting seed.
To GERMINATE, j£rim£-nate, v. n. To sprout, to
shoot, to bud, to put forth.
GERMINATION, j^r-m^-na-shin, «. The aet of
sprouting or shooting ; growth.
GERUND, jSr'&nd, *. In the Latin grammar, a
kind of verbal noun, which governs cases like a verb.
GEST, j5st, 4. A deed, an action, an achievement ;
show, representation ; the roll or -journal of the seve-
ral days, and stages prefixed, in the progresses of kings.
GESTATION, jSs-ta-sh&n, s. The act of bearing
the young in the womb.
To GESTICULATE, j£s-tlk'&-late, v. n. To play
antick tricks, to show postures.
GESTICULATION, j£s-tlk-&-laisbJm, s. Antick
tricks, various postures.
GESTURE, j£s-tshure, *. 461. Action or posture
expressive of sentiment ; movement of the body.
To GET, g^t, v. a. 381. jrret. I Got, anciently
Gat ; part. pass. Got or Gotten. To procure, to obtain,
to beget upon a female ; to gain a profit ; to earn, to
gain by labour ; to receive as a price or reward ; to pro-
cure to be; to prevail on, to induce; to get off, to sell
or dispose of by some expedient.
To GET, g£t, v. n. 560. To arrive at any state or
posture by degrees with some kind of labour, effort,
or difficulty; to find the way to; to move ; to remove
to; to have recourse to; to go, to repair to; to be a
gainer ; to receive advantage by ; to get off, to escape ;
to get over, to pass without being stopped ; to get up,
to raise from repose, to rise from a seat ; to get in, ti
enter.
GETTER, g^t-t&r, s. One who procures or obtain* ;
one who begets on a female.
GETTING, g£t£tlng, 3. Act of getting, acquisition ;
gain, profit.
GEWGAW, gb-g&w, 4. 381. A showy trifle, a toy,
a bauble.
GEWGAW, gu-gaw, adj. Splendidly trifling, showy,
without value.
GHASTFUL, gastif&l, adj. 390. Dreary, dismal.
melancholy, fit for walking spirits.
GHASTLINESS, gi\st-l^-nes, s. Horror of counte-
nance, resemblance of a ghost, paleiiess.
GHASTLY, gist-Id, adj. Like a ghost, havin? hat-
tot in the countenance* horrible, shocking, th i'.f (rul.
GIG
GIR
59. File 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81— mi 93, m5t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, mive 154,
GHASTNESS, glstiuSs, s. Ghastlinesa, horror of
look.
GHERKIN, g^r-kln, i. A pickled cucumber.
GHOST, gAst, S. 39O. The soul of a man; a spirit
GHOSTLINESS, gAst-le-n^s, s. Spiritual tenden-
cy, quality of having reference chiefly to the soul.1
GHOSTLY, gAst-le, adj. Spiritual, relating to the
soul, not carnal, not secular; having a character from
religion, spiritual.
GtANT, jl-int, s. A man of size above the ordinary
rate of men, a mail unnaturally large.
GIANTESS, ji-in-t^s, *. A she giant.
GIANTLIKE, ji-int-like,l ..
GiANTLY, jl4nt-li, 1°*' G-gant-ck, vast.
GlANTSHIP, jU&ut-shlp, s. Quality or character of
a giant
GlBBE, gib, s. 382. Any old worn-out animal.
To GlBBER, gibib&r, V. n. 382. To speak inarti-
culately.
GlBBEIHSH, glb4)&r-lsh, *. 382 Cant, the private
language of rogues and gipsies, words without meaning.
GlBBET, jlb^blt, *. A gallows, the post on which
malefactors are hanged, or on which their carcases are
exposed ; any transverse beam.
To GlBBET, jlb^blt, v. a. To hang or expose on a
gibbet, to hang on any thing going transverse.
GIBBOSITY, glb-bis^-e-Ui, «. Convexity, promi-
nence, protuberance.
GIBBOUS, glWb&s, adj. 382. Convex, protuberant,
swelling into inequalities ; crooked-backed.
GlBBOUSNESS, glb^bOs-n^s, *. Convexity, promi-
nence.
GlBCAT, glbikat, j. 382. An old worn-out cat.
To GlBE, jibe, v. n. To sneer, to join censorious-
ness with contempt.
2V» GlBE, jibe, v- a. To scoff, to ridicule, to treat
with scorn, to sneer, to taunt.
GlBE, jibe, s. Sneer, hint of contempt by word or
looks, scoff.
GlFER, jl-bur, s. A sneerer, a scoffer, a taunter.
GlBINGLY, jl-blng-l£, adv. Scornfully, contemp-
tuously.
GlBLETS, jlb^lSts, ». The parts of a goose which
are cut off before it is roasted.
GIDDILY, gldid£-l£, adv. With the head seeming
to turn round; inconstantly, unsteadily ; carelessly,
heedlessly, negligently.
GIDDINESS, gld-d£-n£s, i. TJie state of being gid-
dy ; inconstancy, unsteadiness ; quick rotation, inabi-
lity to keep its place.
GlDDY, gUl^d£, adj. 382. 560. Having in the
head a whirl, or sensation of circular motion ; whirling ;
inconstant, unsteady, changeful ; heedless, thought-
less, uncautious ; intoxicated.
GiUDYBRAlNED, gld-dd- brand, adj. Careless,
thoughtless.
GlDDYHEADED, gld'd£ hed-£d, adj. Without
steadiness or constancy.
GlDUYPACEO, gldide-paste, adj Moving without
regularity.
GlLR EAGLE, j^r^-gl, i. 405. An eagle of a par-
ticular kind.
GIFT, gift, s. 382. A thing given or bestowed ;
the act of giving; offering ; power, faculty.
GlFTED, glP-t£d, adj. Given, bestowed; endowed
with extraordinary powers.
GlG, gig, s. 382. Any thing that is whirled round
in piay.
GlGANTICK, jl-ginAik, adj. 217. Suitable to a
giant; big, bulky, enormous.
To GlGGLK, glg-gl, V. n. 382. To laugh idly, to
titter.
GiGULER, glg-gl-Or, 5. A laugher, a tittwet.
GlGLET, glg-gl-lt, properly Gigglet, j. A wan-
ton, a lascivious girl — See Cude.
GlGOT, jlg^ut, *. 166. The hip joint.
To GILD, gild, v. a. 382. pret. Gildc-d or G:it.
To overlay with thin gold; to adoru with lustre; to
brighten, to illuminate. — See Gilt.
GlLDER, glUd&r, s. One who lays gold on the sur-
face of any other body ; a coin, from one shilling and
sixpence to two shillings.
GILDING, gllMlng, s. Gold laid on any surface by
way of ornament.
GlLLS, gllz, s. 382. The aperture at each side of
the fish's head ; the flaps that hang below the beak of
a fowl ; the flesh under the chin.
GlLL, jll, s. A measure of liquids containing tfca
fourth part of a pint ; the appellation of a woman, in
ludicrous language ; the name of a plant, ground ivy ;
malt liquor, medicated with ground ivy.
Jf^* There cannot be a more striking proof of the in-
convenience of having words written exactly alike, and
pronounced differently according to their different signi-
fication, than the word giU, which, when it means the
aperture below the head of a fish, is always pronounced
with the g hard, as in guiit ; and when it signifies a wo-
man or a measure of liquids, is always heard with the g
soft, as if written Jill. To those who speak only from
hand to mouth, as we may call it, this jumble of spelling
and pronunciation creates no perplexity ; but to foreign
ers, and those Knglishmen who regard the perspicuity ami
consistency of their language, this ambiguity is a real
blemish. — See Bowl.
GlLLHOUSE, jll-hAuse, S. A house where gill ii
sold.
GlLUFLOWER, jll-li flour, s. Corrupted from Jti-
lytlower.
GlLT, gilt, s. 382. Golden show, gold laid on tb«
surface of any matter.
GlLT, gilt, 560. The larticiple of Gild — which
see.
GlM, jlm, adj. Neat, spruce. An old word.
GlMCRACK, jlm-krik, s. A slight or trivial me-
chanism.
GiMLET, glmil^t, s. 382. A borer with a fcrtw
at its point.
GlMP, gimp, s. 382. A kind of silk twist or Lire.
GlN, jln, s. A trap, a snare; a pump worked by
sails; the spirit drawn by distillation from juniper
berries.
GlNGER, jln-j&r, s. An Indian plant; the root of
that plant.
GINGERBREAD, jln-jur-br£d, j. A kind of sweet-
meat made of dough and flavoured with singer.
GINGERLY, jliiij&r-le, adv. Cautiously, nicely.
GlNGERNESS, jln-j&r-n£s, * Niceness, tenderness.
GlNGIVAT., jlnij^ vil, adj. Belonging to the gums.
To GlNGLE, jlngigl, t;. n. 405. To utter a sharp
clattering noise ; to make an affected sound in perioiis
or cadence.
To GlNGLE, jlngigl, V. a. To shake so that a sharp
shrill clattering noise should be made.
GlNGLE, jlng'gl, S. A shrill resounding noise ; af-
fectation in the sound of peri<xls.
GlNGLYMOID, glng-gl^-mold, adj. Resembling a
ginglymus, approaching to a ginglymus.
GlNGLYMlTS, glng-gle-mus, s. A mutual indent-
ing of two bones into each other's cavity, of which the
elbow is an instance.
GlNNET, jln-n£t, s. A nag, a mule, a degenerated
breed.
GINSENG, jln^ng, 3. A Chinese root brought
lately into Europe ; it is cordial and restorative.
GlPdY, jlp^se, *. 438. A vagabond who pretends to
tell fortunes; a reproachful name for a dark com-
plexion ; a name of slight reproach to a woman.
GlRASOLE, jlria-sdle, s. The herb turnsol ; th*
opal stone.
To GiRD, g£rd, v. a. 382. 56O. pret. Girded in,
Girt. To bind round; to invest; to co>cr round 41
with a ganr.eut; to enclose, to encircle.
GLA
-.21
GLA
noV 16T, nit 163— tfibe 171, t&b 173, boll 173 — 611 S99 — piind 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
To GLAD, glad, v. a. To make glad, to cheer, to
exhilarate.
To GLADDEN, glad^dn, v. a. 103. To cheer, t«
delight, to make glad, to exhilarate.
GLADE, glade, s. A lawn or opening in a wood.
GLADFUI.NESS, gladiffil-ne's, s. Joy, gtudnes*.
GLADIATOR, glad-dii-a-t&r, s. 534. A sw.ird-
player, a prize-fighter.
GLADLY, glad-1^, adv. Joyfully, with merriment.
JfV We may observe that the g in this and similar
words ha> tlie same liquid sound as in those where it is
followed by a and i long, and it mav be accounted for in
the same manner, 92. 160. The snort e, which is the
true sound of i in those words, it has been frequently ob-
served, is riot really the short sound of that letter, but of
a slender, 66 ; and as r followed by another consonant has
a tendency to leitgthen the e as it does the a, 77, 81,
I reduced ; that of interposing the
' ten egg-yurd, &c.— See Guard.
: prop i
if writ
find the same efl'eot
sound of e nearly as ___ .
/'o GlRD, g^rd, v. n. To break a scornful jest, to
gibe, to sneer.
ClUDER, g^r^d&r, s. In architecture, the largest
piece of timber in a floor.
ClRDI.E, g^r^dl, s. 405. Any thing drawn round
the waist, and tied or buckled ; enclosure, circumfer-
ence ; a belt, the zodiack, a zone.
To GIRDLE, geridl, v. a. To gird, to bind as with
a girdle ; to enclose, to shut in, to environ.
GlRDLEBELT, g^ridl-b^lt, s. The belt that encir-
cles the waist.
GlRDLER, g£ridl-fir, s, A maker of girdles.
G IKE, jiff, s. A circle described by any thing in mo-
tion.
GlRL, girl, s. 382. A young woman or female
child.
GlRI.ISH, gSrl-llsh, J. Suiting a girl, youthful.
GIRLISHLY, g£rMlsh-le, adv. In a girlish manner.
GIRT, g3rt, 382. part. past, from to Gird —
See Gird.
Tn GlRT, g£rt, v . a. To gird, to encompass, to en-
circle.
GlRTH, g&rth, *. 382. The band by which the sad-
dle or burden is fixed upon the horse; the compass
measured by the girdle.
To GlRTH, g&rth, v. a. To bind with a girth.
To GIVE, glv, v. a. 157. 382. jrreler. Gave;
part. pats. Given. To bestow, to confer without any
price or reward ; to pay as a price or reward, or in ex-
change ; to grant, to allow ; to yield without r
to empower, to commission ; to exhibit, to ex
xpress; to
exhibit as the product of a calculation ; to exhibit ; to
addict, to apply; to resign, to yield up; to give way,
to alienate from one's self; to give back, to return, to
restore; to give the h;-.nd, to yield pre-eminence, as
being subordinate or inferior ; to give over, to leave, to
quit, to cease, to addict, to attach, to conclude lost, to
abandon ; to give out, to proclaim, to publish, to utter,
to show in false appearance ; to give up, to resign, to
quit, to yield, to abandon, to deliver.
To GIVE, glv, v. n. To grow moist, to melt or sof-
ten, to thaw ; to move ; to give in, to go back, to give
way; to give into, to adopt, to embrace; to give off',
to cease, to forbear ; to give over, to act no more ; to
give out, to publish, to proclaim, to yield; to give way,
to make room for.
GlVER, g5v£&r, *. One that gives, bestower, distri-
buter, granter.
GIZZARD, glz-zurd, i. 88. 382. The strong mus-
culous stomach of a fowl.
Gl.ABRITY, glal/rd-tt*, s. Smoothness, baldness.
Gl.ACIAL, gla^shi-al, adj. 113. Icy, made of ice,
frozen.
To GLACIATE, gla-sh£-ate, v. n. To turn into ice.
GLACIATION, gla-shd-a-sh&n, s. The act of turn-
ing into ice, ice formed.
G I.AC1S, glj-sls, or gla- s£ze,' *. 112. In fortifica-
tion, a sloping bank.
fcf* Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. John-
sum, Dr. Ash, Or. Kenrick, Mr. Barclay, and Bailev,
place the accent on the first syllable of this word; and only
Sir. .Varesand Entick on the second. Mr. Sheridan and
Mr. Scott give the a the sound it has in glass. The great
majority of suffrages for the accent on the first syllable,
which is the more agreeable to the analogy of our own
juiguage, are certainly sufficient to keep a plain English-
man in countenance for pronouncing the word in this man-
ner ; but as it is a French word, and a military 'term, a
military man would blush not to pronounce it a fa Fran-
coises and notwithstanding the numbers for the other
manner, I cannot but think this the more fashionable.
GLAD, glad, adj. Cheerful, gay ; pleased, elevated
with joy; pleasing, exhilarating ; expressing gladness. Gl.ASSWORK, glas^Wlirk, j. Manufactory of
GLADNESS, glad-nes, *.
tation.
Cheerfulness, joy, cxitl-
GLADSOME, glad-s&m, adj. Pleased, gay, delight-
ed ; causing joy.
GLADSOMELY, glad-s&m-li, adv. With gayety
and delight
GLADSOMENESS, glad-s&m-n£s, s. Gayety, showi-
ness, delight.
CLAIRE, glare, *. The white of an egg; a kind of
halbert.
To GLAIRE, glare, V. a. To smear with the white
of an egg. This word is still used by the bookbinders.
GLANCE, glanse, s. 78, 79. A sudden shoot of
light or splendour; a stroke or dart of the beam of
sight ; a snatch of sight, a quick view.
To GLANCE, glanse, v. n. To shoot a sudden ray
of splendour ; to fly oft' in an oblique direction ; to
view with a quick cast of the eye ; to censure by ouliqus
hints.
To GLANCE, glanse, v. a. To move nimbly, to
shoot obliquely.
GLANCINGLY, glan-sing-l£, adv. In an oblique
broken manner, transiently.
GLAND, gland, s. A smooth fleshy substance which
serves as a kind of strainer to separate some particular.
fluid from the blood.
GLANDERS, glan^durz, f. A disease incident to
horses.
GLANDIFEROUS, glan-dIWe!-ras, adj. Bearing
mast, bearing acorns.
GLANDULE, glAn-d&le, s. A small gland serving
to the secretion of humours.
GLANDULOSITY, glaii-dii-l&s'<J-t£, s. A collection
of glands.
GLANDULOUS, glun-d&-lhs, adj. 294. Pertain-
ing to the glands, subsisting in glands.
To GLARE, glare, v. n. To shine so as to dazzle
the eyes ; to look with fierce piercing eyes ; to shine
ostentatiously.
7'j GLARE, glare, v. a. To shoot SUM splendour
as the eye cannot bear.
GLARE, glare, s. Overpowering lustre, splendour,
such as dazzles the eye ; a fierce piercing look.
Gl.AREOUS, gla-r^-fis, adj. Consisting of Tiscoua
transparent matter, like the white of an egg.
GLARING, glairing, adj. Applied to any thing
very shocking, as, a glaring crime.
GLASS, gl&s, s. 79. An artificial substance made hy
fusing salts and flint or sand together, with a vehement
fire; a glass vessel of any kind ; a looking-glass, a n;:r-
ror; a glass to help the sight; an hour-glass, a tfiass
used in measuring time by the flux of sand ; a cup of
glass used to drink in ; the quantity of wine usually
contained in a glass ; a perspective glass.
GLASS, glis, adj. Vitreous, made of glass.
To GLASS, glas, v. a. To case in glass ; to cover
with glass, to glare.
GLASSFURNACE, glas^f&r-nls, *. A furnace in
which glass is made by liquefaction.
GLASSGAZING, glas-ga-zlnc;, adj. Finical, ofu-n
contemplating himself in a mirror.
GLASSGUINDER, glasigrlnd-&r, *. One wh.-we
trade is to polish and grind glass.
GLASSHOUSE, glasihSuse, s. A house where glas»
is manufactured.
Gl.ASSMAN, glas^man, s. 88. One who sells ^la**.
GLASSMETAL, glasimft-tl, s. c>iass in fusion.
GL1
228
KS- 559. File 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — me 93,
GLASSWORT, glis-wurt, *. A plant.
GLASSY, glas's^, adj. Made of glass, vitreous ; re-
sembling glass, as in smoothness, or lustre, or brittle-
ness.
GLASTOXBURY THORN, glis-sn -beV-re-Morn,' s.
A species of medlar ; a kind of thorn which blossoms
in winter.
GLAUCOMA, glaw-ki-ma, s. A fault in the eye,
which changes the chrystallinc humour into a greyish
colour.
CLAVE, glave, s. A broad sword, a falchion.
To GLAZE, glaze, v. a. To furnish with windows
of glass ; to cover with glass, as potters do their earthen
ware ; to overlay with something shining and pellucid.
GLAZIER, gla-zhur, s. 283. 45O. One whose
trade is to make glass windows.
GLEAD, glede, «. A kind of hawk.
viLEAM, gleme, s. 227. Sudden shoot of light, lus-
tre, brightness.
To GLEAM, gleme, v. n. To shine with sudden
Hashes of light ; to shine.
GLEAMY, gle-uie, adj. Flashing, darting sudden
shoots of light.
To GLEAN, glene, v. a. 227. To gather what the
reapers of the harvest leave behind ; to gather any thing
thinly scattered.
GLEANER, gle-nur, s. One who gathers after the
reapers ; one who gathers any thing slowly and labo-
riously.
GLEANING, gle-nlng, ». The act of gleaning, or
thing gleaned.
Gl.EBE, glebe, *. Turf, soil, ground ; the land pos-
sessed as part of the revenue of an ecclesiastical bene-
fice.
GLEBOUS, gle-b&s,
GLEBY, gle^bd,
GLEDE, glede, s. A kite.
GLEE, glW, *. Joy, gaycty ; 8 kind of song.
GLEEFUL, glee-fuJ, adj. Merry, cheerful.
GLEEK, gleek, j. Musick, or musician.
Gl.EET, gleet, s. A thin ichor running from a sore ;
a venereal disease.
To GLEET, gleet, v. n. To drip or ooze with a thin
sanious liquor ; to run slowly.
GLEET Y, glee-te, adj. Ichory, thinly sanious.
GLEN, glen, S. A valley, a dale.
Gl.EW, glu, S. A viscous cement made by dissolving
the skins of animals in boiling water, and drying the
jelly — See due.
GLIB, glib, adj. Smooth, slippery, so formed as to
be easily moved ; smooth, voluble.
To GLIB, glib, v. a. To castrate.
GLIBLY, gllb-li, adv. Smoothly, volubly.
GLIBNESS, glib-lies, s. Smoothness, slipperiness.
To GLIDE, glide, v. n. To flow gently and silent-
ly; to pass gently and without tumult ; to moveswiitiy
and smooth, y along,
GLIDER, gli-d&r, s. One that glides.
GLIKE, glike, «. A sneer, a scoff.
To GLIMMER, gllm'mur, v. n. To shine faintly ;
to be perceived imperfectly, to appear faintly.
GLIMMER, gllm-mur, j. Faint splendour, weak
light; a kind of fossil.
GLIMPSE, gllinps, *. A weak faint light; a quick
flashing light ; transitory lustre; short, fleeting enjoy-
ment ; a short transitory view ; the exhibition of a taint
' resemblance.
To GLISTEN, gllsisn, v. n. 472. To shine, to
sparkle with light.
To GLISTER, gllsitur, t;. n. To shine, to be bright.
To GLITTER, glltitur, v. n. To shine, to exhibit
lustre, to gleam ; to be specious, to be striking.
GLITTER, glititOr, J. Lustre, bright show.
G UTTERING LY, glltitur-illg-le, udu. With sllin-
uig lustre*
GLO
m5t95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, mfive 164.
To Gl.OAR, glore, v. a. To squint, to look aikevr.
To Gl.OAT, gl6te, V. n. To cast side-glances as a ti-
morous lover.
GLOBATED, glo-ba-te'd, adj. Formed in shape of a
globe, spherical, spheroidical.
GLOBE, globe, s. A sphere, a ball, a round body,
a body of which every part of the surface is at the same
distance from the centre ; the terraqueous ball ; a sphere
in which the various regions of the earth are geogra-
phically depicted, or in which the constellation? are
laid down according to their places in the sky.
GLOBOSE, glo-bose,' adj. Spherical, round.
GLOBOSITY, glo-b&s^e-te, s. Sphericalness.
GLOBOUS, gloi-bus, adj. 314. Spherical, round.
GLOBULAR, gl&l/u lar, adj. 535. Round, sphe-
rical.
GLOBULE, gl&b-ule, J. Such a small particle of
matter as is of a globular or spherical figure, as the red
particles of the blood.
GLOBULOUS, gl&biu-lus, adj. Informofasm.il!
sphere, round.
To GLOMERATE, gl&miei-ate, v. a. To gather
into a ball or sphere.
GLOMEROUS, glJ>m^r-us, adj. 314. Gathered
into a ball or sphere.
GLOOM, gl66m, s. 306. Imperfect darkness, di.i-
malness, obscurity, defect of light; cloudiness of as-
pect, heaviness of mind, sullenness.
To GLOOM, g!66m, v. n. To shine obscurely, a«
the twilight ; to be cloudy, to be dark ; to be melancho-
ly, to be sullen.
GLOOMILY, gloSm^-le1, adv. Obscurely, dimly,
without perfect light, dismally; sullenly, withciouJy
aspect, with dark intentions.
GLOOMINESS, gl66m^e-n£s, s. Want of light, ob-
scurity, imperfect light, dismalness ; cloudiness of look.
GLOOMY, glofim^e, adj. Obscure, imperfectly iU
luminated, almost dark ; dark of complexion ; sullen,
melancholy, cloudy of look, heavy of heart.
GLORIED, gloMd, adj. 282. Illustrious, honour-
able.
GLORIFICATION, gl6-re-fe-ka-shun, *. The act
of giving glory.
To GLORIFY, gloire-fl, v. a. 183. To procure
honour or praise to one; to pay honour or praise in
worship ; to praise, to honour, to extol ; to exalt tu
glory or dignity.
GLORIOUS, g!6^re-us, adj 314. Noble, illustrious,
excellent.
GLORIOUSLY, gl<iire-us-le, adv. Nobly, splendid-
ly, illustriously.
GLORY, glA-ri, j. Praise paid in adoration ; the
felicity of heaven prepared for those that please G<xl ;
honour, praise, fame, renown, celebrity ; a circle of
rays which surrounds the heads of saints in pictures ;
generous pride.
To GLORY, gl&re1, v. n. To boast in, to be proud
of.
To CLOSE, gl&ze, v. a. 437. To flatter, to ccV-
loguc.
GLOSS, glis, *. 437. A scholium, a comment ; au
interpretation artfully specious ; a specious representa-
tion ; superficial lustre.
To GLOSS, gl&s, v. n. To comment, to make s!y
remarks.
To GLOSS, gl&s, v. a. To explain by comment ; to
palliate by specious exposition or representation ; to
embellish with superficial lustre.
GLOSSARY, glos-s<Urd, s. A dictionary of obstur*
or antiquated wonts.
GLOSSER, gl&S-sur, J. A scholiast, a commcntatoc
a polisher.
GLOSSINESS, gl&sise-nes, *. Smooth polish ; su!«r-
ficial lustre.
GLOSSOGRAPHER, gl6s-s&g-gra-fur, *. A scho-
lia.it, a commentator.
GLOSSOGRAPHY, glos-sog-gra-fe, s. 518. Xiw
writing of commentaries.
GNA
229
GOD
to3r 167, nit 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299— pound 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
GLOSSY, glos-sei, arlj. Shining, smoothly polished.
Gl.OTTIS, glit-tls, s. The head of the wind-pipe.
the aperture of the larynx.
GLOVE, gluv, s. 165. Cover of the hands.
GLOVER, glftv-ur, s. One whose trade is to make
or sell gloves.
To GLOUT, glout, v. n. 313. To pout, to look
sullen.
To GLOW, glo, v. n. 324. To be heated so as to
shine without flame; to burn with vehement heat ; to
feel heat of body; to exhibit a strong bright colour ; to
feel passion of mind, or activity of fancy ; to rage or
burn as a passion.
To GLOW, glA, v. a. To make hot so as to shine.
GLOW, glA, S- Shining heat, unusual warmth ; vehe-
mence of passion ; brightness or vividness of colour.
GLOW-WORM, glA^wurm, s. A small creeping insect
with a luminous tail.
To CLOZE, glAze, v. n~ To flatter, to wheedle, to
fawn ; to comment.
GLOZE, glAze, S. Flatten1, insinuation; specious show,
gloss.
GLUE, glu, s. A viscous body commonly made by
boiling the skins of animals to a gelly, a cement.
To GLUE, glu, v. a. To join with a viscous ce-
ment ; to hold together ; to join, to unite, to inviscate.
GLUEBOILER, glu-boll-ur, s. One whose trade is
to make glue.
GLUEB, glu-ur, s. 98. One who cements with glue.
GLUM, glum, ailj. Sullen, stubbornly grave. A low
cant word.
To GLUT, glut, v. a.
To swallow, to devour ; to
cloy, to fill beyond sufficiency ; to feast or delight even
to satiety ; to overfill, to load.
GLUT, glut, *. That which is gorged or swallowed
plenty even to loathing and satiety ; more than enough
overmuch.
GLUTINOUS, glu-t^-nus, adj. Gluy, viscous, te-
nacious.
GLUTINOUSNESS, glu-teUnus-ne's, s. Viscosity, te-
nacity.
GLUTTON, glut-tn, 5. 170. One who indulgt
himself too much in eating ; one eager of any thing to
excess ; an animal remarkable for a voracious appetite
J£^" Though the second syllable of this word suppresses
the o, the compounds stem to preserve it. This, however
is far from being regular ; for if we were to form com
pounds of Cotton, Button, or Mutton, as Cottony, But
tony, Muttony, &c. we should as certainly suppress the
last o in the compounds, as in the simples, See Princi
pies, No. K'3.
NAWER, naw-ur, j. 98. One that gnaws.
NOMON, no^rnon, s. 384. The hand or pin of a
dial.
NOMONICKS, nA-mJm'lks, s. 509. The art of
dialing.
To Go, gA, v. n. ]rret. I went, I have gone.
To walk, to move step by step; to walk leisurely, not
run ; to journey a-foot ; to proceed ; to depart from a
place ; to apply one's self ; to have recourse ; to be a-
bouttodo; to decline, to tend towards death or ruin.;
to escape; to tend to any act; to pass; to move by
mechanism; to be in motion from whatever cause; to
be regulated by any method; to proceed upon princi-
ples; to be pregnant; to be expended ; to reach or bu
extended to any degree ; to spread, to be dispersed, to
reaeh farther ; to contribute, to conduce ; to succeed ;
to proceed in train or consequence; to go about, to at-
tempt, to endeavour ; to go aside, to err ; to deviate
from the right, to abscond ; to go between, to interpose,
to moderate between two ; to go by, to pass away un-
noticed, to observe as a rule ; to go down, to be swal-
lowed, to be received, not rejected ; to go in and out,
to be at liberty ; to go off, to die, to decease, to depart
from a post; to go on, to make attack, to proceed ; to
go over, to revolt, to betake himself to another party ;
to go out, to go upon any expedition, to be extinguish-
ed; to go through, to perform thoroughly ; to execute,
to suffer, to undergo.
Go-To, go-t6o,' interject. Come, come, take the
right course. A scornful exhortation.
GO-BY, gA-bl, s. Delusion, artifice, circumvention.
GO-CART, gA^kart, s. A machine in which children
are enclosed to teach them to walk.
GOAD, gAde, *. 295. A pointed instrument with
which oxen are driven forward.
To GOAD, gAde, v. a. To prick or drive with a
goad ; to incite, to stimulate, to instigate.
GOAL, gAl'J, s. 295. The landmark set up to
bound a race ; the starting ]>ost ; the final purpose, the
end to which a design tends.
GOAL, jille, S. An incorrect sjx>lling for Gaol, which
see.
GOAR, gore, s. 295. An edging sewed upon cloth.
GOAT, gAte, s. 295. An animal that seems a mid-
dle species between deer and sheep.
GOATBEARD, gAte-berd, s. A plant.
GOATCHAFER, gAte-tsha-fur, s. A kind of beetle,
vulgarly called Cockcluifer.
GOATHERD, gote-helrd, s. One whose employment
is to tend goats.
GOATMARJORAM, gAte-mar£jur-&m, s. Gont-
GOATS-HUE, gAts-roo, s. A plant
:, glut-tun-ize, v. a. To play the j GOATS_THORN) gots^orn, s. A plant.
GLUTTONOUS, glut-tun-us, adj. Given to exces-
sive feeding.
GLUTTONOUSLY, glut-tun-us-li, adv. With the
voracity of a glutton.
GLUTTONY, glut-tun-^, s. Excess of eating, lux-
ury of the table. — See Glutton.
GLUY, glu^, adj. Viscous, tenacious, glutinous.
GL\N, glin, *. A hollow between two mountains.
To GNARL, narl, v. n. 384. To growl, to mur-
mur, to snarl.
GNARLED, nar-lM, a<tf. Knotty.
To GNASH, nash, v. a. 384. To strike together,
to clash.
To GNASH, nash, v. n. To grind or collide the
teeth ; to rage even to collision of the teeth.
GNAT, nat, s. 384. A small winged stinging in-
sect ; any thing prove bially small.
GNATFLOWER, nat-flou-ur, s. The bee flower.
GNATSNAPPER, nitisnap-pur, s. A bird so called.
To GNAW, naw, v. a. 384. To eat by degrees, to
devour by slow corrosion ; to bite in agony or rage ; to
wear away by biting ; to fret, to waste, to corrode ; to
pick with the teeth.
To GXAW, naw, t/. n. To exercise the teeth.
GOATISH, gAttilsh, adj. Resembling a goat in
rankness or lust.
To GOBBLE, goWbl, v. a. 405. To swallow hasti.
ly with tumult and noise.
GOBBLER, g6b'bl-ur, s- One that devours in haste.
Go BETWEEN, gA'be-tween, $. One that transacts
business by running between two parties.
GOBLET, gob-l£t, s. properly Gobblet. A bowl
or cup.— See Codle.
GOBLIN, gob-lln, S. An evil spirit, a walking spirit,
a frightful phantom ; a fairy, an elf.
GOD, god, s. The Supremo Being; a false god,
an idol ; any person or thing deified, or too much ho
nouicd.
GODCHILD, god-tshild, *. rThc child for whom
one became sponsor at baptism.
GOD-DAUGHTER, gotl-daw-t&r, s. A girl for \\hw»
one became sponsor in baptism.
GODDESS, god-des, s A female divinity.
GODDESS-LIKE, god-des-Hke, adj. Resembling a
goddess.
GOD FATHER, g&.lifa-TH&r, s. The sponsor at the
font
GODHEAD, go !-h£d, s. Godship, divine natuie,
deity in person, a go or gcditess.
£ D
GOL
230
GOR
t3- 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit SI— m^ 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — ni 162, move 1 64,
GOME, gome, «. The black and oily grease of a
cart wheel ; vulgarly pronounced Coon*.
GONDOLA, gSnMo-li, s. A boat much used in
Venice, a small boat.
GONDOLIER, gon-d6-l££r,' *. A boatman.
GONE, g5n, part, pret. from Go. Advanced, for-
ward in progress ; ruined, undone ; past ; lost, depart-
ed ; dead, departed from life.
GONFALON, gon-fi-lun, Is. 1 66. An ensign,
GONFANON, ginifi-nun, \ a standard.
GONORRHOEA, g&n-or-r^-a, *. A morbid running
of venereal hurts.
GOOD, gud, adj. 307. comp. Better, super. Best
Having such physical qualities as are expected or de-
sired ; proper, fit, convenient; uncorrupted, undam-
aged; wholesome, salubrious; pleasant to the taste;
complete, full ; useful, valuable; sound, not false, not
fallacious ; legal, valid, rightly claimed or held ; well
qualified, not deficient ; skilful, ready, dexterous ; hav.
Ing moral qualities, such as are wished, virtuous; be
nevolent; companionable, sociable, merry; not too
fast; in good sooth, really, seriously ; to make good,
to maintain, to perform, to supply any deficiencies.
GOOD, gud, *. That which physically contributes
to happiness, the contrary to evil; moral qualities,
such as are desirable ; virtue, righteousness.
GOOD, gud, adv. Well, not ill, not amiss ; as good,
no worse.
GOOD-CONDITIONED, gud-k5n-dlshiund, adj.
362. Without ill qualities or symptoms.
GOODLINESS, gud-le-n&, s. Beauty, grace, ele-
gance.
GOODLY, gud-W, a(0. Beautiful, fine, splendid;
bulky, swelling; happy, gay. _
GOOD-NOW, gud-nou, interject. In good time.
GOODMAN, gud-min, s. A slight appellation of
civility ; a rustick term of compliment, gaffer.
GOODNESS, gud-n&s, s. Desirable qualities either
moral or physical.
GOODS, gudz, f. Movcables in a house; wares,
freights, merchandise.
GOODY, gud^de, s. A low term of civility used to
mean old women ; corrupted from goodwife.
GOOSE, go&se, s. A large waterfowl proverbially
noted for foolishness; a tailor's smoothing iron.
GOOSEBERRY, gooz-b£r-e, s. A tree and fruit.
GOOSEFOOT, goose-ffit, s- Wild orach.
GOOSEGRASS, goose^gras, s. Clivers, an herb.
GORBELLY, gSrib51-li, s. A big paunch, a swelling
belly.
GORBELLIED, gori-b^l-lld, adj. 283. Fat, big-
bellied. '
GoRD, gord, a. An instrument of gaming.
GORE, gore, $. Blood ; blood clotted or congealed.
To GORE, gore, v. a. To stab, to pierce ; to pierce
with a honi.
GORGE, gorje, S The throat, the swallow ; that
which is gorged or swallowed.
To GORGE, gorje, t>. n. To fill up to the throat,
to glut, to satiate ; to swallow, as, the fish has gorged
the hook.
GORGEOUS, gorijus, adj. 262. Fine, glittering in
various colours, showy.
GORGEOUSLY, gor-jus-li, adt>. Splendidly, mag-
nificently, finely.
GORGEOUSNESS, gor-j&s-n&s, s. Splendour, mag-
nificence, show.
GORGET, g5r£j5t, s. The piece of armour that de-
fends the throat.
GORGON, gor-gfin, s. 166. A monster with snaky
hairs, of which the sight turned beholders to stone ;
any thing uglv or horrid.
GoRMAND, gor-m&nd, s. A greedy eater.
To GORMANDIZE, gdr-min-dize, v. n. To feed
ravenously.
GORMANDIZER, gor-mAn-di-ze'r, s. A voraciow
cater
GODLESS, godil£s, adj. Without tense of duty to
God, atheistical, wicked, impious.
GODLIKE, god-like, adj. Divine, resembling a di-
vinity.
CODLING, god-ling, J. A little divinity.
GODLINESS, god-leUn£s, s. Piety to God ; gener-
al observation of all the duties prescribed by religion.
GODLY, g6d-l£, adj. Pious towards God ; good,
righteous, religious.
GODLY, god-1^, adv. Piously, righteously.
GODLYHEAD, godileUh£d, *. Goodness, righteous-
ness.
GODMOTHER, g&d-m&TH-ur, s. A woman who
has become sponsor in baptism.
GODSHIP, g6d-shlp, s . The rank ot character of a
god, deity, divinity.
GODSON, god-sun, j. One for whom one has been
sponsor at the font.
GODWARD, g6d-ward, adv. Toward God.
GODWIT, gid-wlt, s. A bird of particular delicacy.
GOER, go-ur, s. One that goes, a runner, a walker.
To GOGGLE, gog-gl, v. n. 405. To look asquint.
GOOGLE-EYED, gogigl-ide, adj. 283. Squint-eyed,
not looking straight.
GOING, goMng, S. The act of walking ; pregnancy ;
departure.
GOLA, go-li, s. The same with Cymatium.
JJ^?- That is a term in architecture signifying a mem-
ber or moulding, one half of which is convex and the
other concave.
GOLD, gold, or goold, s. 164. The purest, heavi-
est, and most precious of all metals ; money.
fcj" It is much to be regretted that the second sound
of this word is grown much more frequent than the first.
It is not easy to guess at the cause of this unmeaning de-
viation from the general rule, but the effect is to impo-
verish the sound of the language, and to add to its irre-
gularities. It has not, however, like some other words,
irrevocably lost its true pronunciation. Rhyme still
claims its right to the long open o, as in bold, coid,Jold,
Mb
" Judges and Senates haTe been bought for goU i
" Esteem and Love were never to be sold.
" Now Europe's laurels on their brows behold,
" But stain'd with blood, or ill exchanged for gold," Pope.
And solemn speaking, particularly the language of scrip-
ture, indispensably requires the same sound. With these
established authorities in its favour, it is a disgrace to the
language to suffer indolence and vulgarity to corrupt it
into the second sound. See /find. — But since it is gener-
ally corrupted, we ought to keep this corruption from
spreading, by confining it as much as possible to familiar
objects and familiar occasions : thus Goldbeater, Goldfinch,
Gotdfinder, Golding, and Goldsmith, especially when a
proper name, as Dr. Goldsmith, may admit of the second
sound of o, but not Golden, as the Golden Agt.
GOLD, gold, adj. Made of gold, golden.
GOLDBEATER, gold-beUt&r, s. One whose occupa-
tion is to beat gold.
GOLDBEATERS' SKIN, gold-b£-turz-skln, s.
Skin which goldbeaters lay between the leaves of their
metal while they beat it.
GOLDBOUND, gild-bound, adj. Encompassed with
gold.
GOLDEN, gol^dn, adj. 103. Made of gold, con-
sisting of gold ; shining ; yellow, of the colour of
gold; excellent, valuable; happy, resembling the age
of gold.
Goi.DENLY, goUdn-l£, adv. Delightfully, splen-
<Jtt»ly.
GOLDFINCH, gold-flnsh, s. A singing bird.
GOLDFINDER, gold-find-5r, 5. One who finds
gold. A term ludicrously applied to those that empty
a jakes.
GOLDHAMMER, gold-him-m&r, s. A kind of bird.
GOLDING, gold-Ing, 5. A sort of apple.
GoLDSIZE, gold-size, s. A glue of a golden colour.
GOLDSMITH, gold-smith, i. One who manufac-
tures gold : a banker, one who keeps money for others
jn his hands.
GRA
231
GRA
nir 167, nit 163 — tube 171, tab 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — //tin 466 — THi's 469
GORSE, g&rse, s. Furze, a thick prickly shrub.
GORY, gu-lA, adj. Covered with congealed blood ;
bloody, murderous.
GOSHAWK, g5s-blwk, *. A hawk of a large kind.
GOSLING, giz-llng, s. A young goose, a goose not
yet full grown ; a catkin on nut-trees and pines.
GOSPEL, gos£p£l, *. God's word, the holy book of
the Christian revelation ; divinity, theology.
GOSPELLER, gis£p£l-ur, *. A name given to the
followers of Wickliff, who professed to preach only the
vilege ; a goddess, by the heathens supposed to bcstt.w
beauty ; behaviour, considered as decent or unbeeo'n-
ing ; adventitious or artificial beauty ; ornament, flower,
highest perfection ; the title of a duke, formerly of the
king, meaning the same as your goodness or your cle-
mency : a short prayer said before and after meat.
GRACE-CUP, gras^kup, s. The cup or health drank
after grace.
To GRACE, grase. v. a. To adorn, to dignify, to
embellish; to dignify or raise by an act of favour; ;o
favour.
GRACED, grast, adj. 359. Beautiful, graceful ; vir-
tuous, regular, chaste.
gospel.
'OSSAMER, eos-sa-mur, j. me down of plants ; ,-, ' ~° — 'f"7~>"t j- ,
the long white cobwebs which float in the air about GRACEFUL, grase-' u, adj. Beautiful with dignity.
harvest time. GRACEFULLY, grase-lul-e, adj. Elegantly, with
lOSSIP, g&s^-slp, s. One who answers for a child in ! pleasing dignity.
baptism ; a tippling companion ; one who runs about GRACEFULNESS, grase-ful-n5s, t. Elegance ol
tattling like a woman at a lying-in.
To GOSSIP, gis^-slp, v. n. To chat, to prate, to be
GRACELESS, graseM£s, adj. Without grace, wicked,
abandoned.
GRACES, gra-slz, s. 99. Good graces, for favour ;
it is seldom used in the singular.
merry ; to be a pot companion.
GOT, g&t, jrret. of To Get.
GOTTEN, got^tn, 102, 103. ;xirt. pass, of Get
To GOVERN, guvi&rn, v. a. To rule as a chief , GRACILE, gras^sll, adj. 140. Slender, small.
magistrate; to regulate, to influence, to direct; to ma- GRACILENT, gras^-l£nt, adj. Lean.
nage, to restrain ; in grammar, to have force with re- j OR ,rrl n-v crr:Lsll£A.t<l' « <flpnrfprn«>«
gard to syntax ; to pilot, to regulate the motions of a "RACILITY> S** 'te> *• s 'ernes*.
^U,n f^Ln . y-ivj-irrn ,r«. A ' » K & ,. _ .11 O I A •»» ; e.
To GOVERN, guvi&rn, v. n. 98. To keep supe-
riority,
GOVERNABLE, guv-ur-nl-bl, adj. Submissive to
authority, subject to rule, manageable.
GOVERNANCE, guv-ur-nanse, *.
rule, management.
Government,
GOVERNANTE, go-v&r-nant,' s. A lady who has
the care of young girls of quality.
GOVERNESS, guv-ur-nSs, «.
with authority ; a tutoress, a '
of young ladies ; a directress.
A female invested
romau that lias the caie
GOVERNMENT, guv-&rn-m£nt, 5. Form of com-
munity with respect to the disposition of the supreme
authority; an establishment of legal authority, admi-
nistration of publick affairs; regularity of behaviour;
manageableness, compliance, obsi-quiousness ; in gram-
mar, influence with regard to construction.
GOVERNOUR, guviur-nur, s. 314. One who has
the supreme direction ; one who is invested w.th su-
preme authority in a state ; one who rules any place
with delegated and temporary authority ; a tutor ; a pi-
lot, a manager.
GOUGE, gootlje, i. A chisel having a round edge.
GOURD, g6rd, org56rd, *. 318. A plant, a bottle.
ftj' Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Nares, W. Johnston, and
Buchanan, pronounce this word in the first manner; and
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Perry, in
the last The first is, in my opinion, the most agreeable
to English analogy.
GOURDINESS, goridi-n^s, s. A swelling in a horse's
'eg-
GOURNET, gurinSt, *. 314. A fish.
GOUT, gout, s. 313. A periodical disease attended
with great i«un.
GOUT, goo, 5. 3 1 5. A French word signifying taste ;
a strong desire.
GoUTWORT, goutiwurt, s. An herb.
GOUTY, gOi\-t<i, adj. Afflicted or diseased with the
gout ; relating to the gout.
GOWN, goun, s. A long upper garment ; a woman's
upper garment; the long habit of a man dedicated to
arts of [icace, as divinity, medicine, law ; the dress of
peace.
GOWNED, gound, adj. 362. Dressed in a gown.
GOWNMAN, goin-min, s. 88. A man devoted to
the arts of peace.
To GRABBLE, grabibl, v. a. 405. To grope.
To GRABBLE, grabihl, v. n. To lie prostrate on
the ground.
GllACE, grase, J. 56O. Favour, kindness ; favoura-
ble influence of God on the human mind: virtue, ef-
fect of God's influence ; pardon ; favour conferred ; pri-
GRACIOUS, gra-sh&s, adj. 314. Merciful, benevo-
lent ; favourable, kind ; virtuous, good ; graceful, be-
coming.
GRACIOUSLY, gra-shus-l£, adv. Kindly, with kin I
condescension ; in a pleasing manner.
GRACIOUSNESS, gra^shus-n£s, s. Kind condescen-
sion ; pleasing manner.
GRADATION, gra-daishun, s. Regular progress
from one degree to another ; regular advance step b>
step ; order, arrangement ; regular process of argument.
GRA DATOR Y, grad-a-tfir-e, s. 512. Steps from the
cloister into the church.
GRADIANT, gra-dd-ant, or gra-j^-ant, adj. 293,
Walking.
GRADUAL, grad-u-al, or grad-ju-al, adj. 293.
294. 376. Proceeding by degrees, advancing step by
step.
GRADUAL, gradiu-al, s. 88. An order of step*.
GRADUALITY, gr;\d-u-aW-t(J, 3. Regular pro-
gression.
GRADUALLY, grad-u-al-14 adv. By degrees, in
regular progression.
To GRADUATE, grad-u-ate, v. a. To dignify with
a degree in the university, to mark with degrees; :o
raise to a higher place iu the scale of metals ; to height-
en, to improve.
GRADUATE, grad-u-ate, s. 91. A man dignified
with an academical degree.
GRADUATION, grad.u-aisli&n, s. Regular pro-
gression by succession of degrees; the act ot conferring
academical degrees.
GRAFF, graf, s. A ditch, a moat.
GRAFT, or GRAFF, graft, or grAfT, s. 79. A small
branch inserted into the stock of another tree.
To GRAFT, or GRAFF, grift, or graft', v. a. To
Insert a scion or branch of one tree into the stock of
another ; to propagate by insertion or inoculation ; to
insert into a place or body to which it did not origi-
nally belong; to join one thing so as to receive support
from another.
jtj" Nothing can be clearer than that Graffis the true
word, if we appeal to its derivation from the French woiil
Greffer; and accordingly we find this word used in Scrip-
ture, and several of the old writers; but nothing can \ia
clearer than that it is now obsolete, and that the wonl
Grafted has been long used by our most respectable mo-
dern authors ; and that it ought to be used exclusively.
GRAFTER, graf-tur, s. One who propagates iruiu
by grafting.
GRAIN, grane, *. 202. A single seed of corn ;
corn; the seed of any fruit ; any minute particle; ih«
smallest weight; any thing proverbially small ; Grain
of allowance, something indulged or remitted ; the di-
rection of the fibres of wood, or other fibrous matter ,
died or itained substance ; temper, disposition, huir.< ,ir .
GRA
£33
GRA
5.59. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, mive lfJ4,
the form of the surface with regard to roughness and
smoothness.
GRAINED, grand, adj. 359. Rough, made less
smooth.
GRAINS, granz, *. The husks of malt exhausted
in brewing.
GRAINY, gra-n£, adj. Full of corn ; full of grains
or kernels.
GRAMERCY, gra-m£r-s£, interj. An obsolete ex-
pression of surprise.
GRAMINEOUS, gra-mln^-frs, adj. Grassy.
GRAMINIVOROUS, gram-^-nlvio-r&s, ailj. 518.
Grass-eating.
GRAMMAR, gram-mar, *. 418. The science of
speaking correctly, the art which teaches the relation of
words to each other; propriety or justness of speech ;
the book that treats of the various relations of words to
one another.
GRAMMAR-SCHOOL, gram-mar- skS&l, s. A school
in which the learned languages are grammatically
taught.
GRAMMARIAN, gram-mairi-an, s. One who teaches
grammar, a philologer.
GRAMMATICAL, gram-mati^-kil, adj. Belonging
to grammar ; taught by grammar.
GRAMMATICALLY, gram-matW-kal-e1, adv. Ac-
cording to the rules or science of grammar.
GRAMPLE, gram-pi, s. 403. A crab fish.
GRAMPUS, gram-pis, *. A large fish of the whale
kind.
GRA NAM, gran-um, *. A ludicrous word for Gran-
dam.
GRANARY, granii-n*. s. 503. A storehouse for the
thrashed corn.
J£5> We sometimes hear this word pronounced with the
first a like that in grain ; but all our oithoepists mark it
like the a in grand. The first manner would insinuate
that the word is derived from the English word grain :
out this is not the case; it comes from the Latin giana-
ri'im ; and, by our own analogy, has the antepenultimate
vowel short.
GRANATE, gran^at, s. 91. A kind of marble, so
called because it is marked with small variegations like
grains.
GRAND, grand, adj. Great, illustrious, high in
power; splendid, magnificent; noble, sublime, lofty,
conceived or expressed with great dignity ; it is used to
signify ascent or descent of consanguinity.
GRANDAM, gran^dam, s. Grandmother, one's fa-
ther's or mother's mother ; an old withered woman.
GRANDCHILD, grand-tshild, *. The son or daugh-
ter of one's son or daughter.
GRANDDAUGHTER, grand^daw-tir, s. The daugh-
ter of a son or daughter.
GRANDEE, gran-dW/ i. A man of gteat rank,
power, or dignity.
GRANDEUR, gran-j&r, j. 376. State, splendour of
apjiearance, magnificence; elevation of sentiment or
language.
GRANDFATHER, grand-fa-THur, s. The father of
a father or mother.
GRANDIFICK, gran-dlfilk, adj. 509. Making
great.
GRANDINOUS, granid^-n&s, adj. Full of haiL
GRANDMOTHER, grandiin&TH-ur, j. The father's
or mother's mother.
GRANDSIRE, grand-sire, J. Grandfather; any an-
cestor, poetically.
GRANDSON, grand-s&n, s. The son of a son or
daughter.
GRANGE, granje, i. A farm; generally, a farm
with a house at a distance from neighbours.
GRANITE, gran-It, s. 14O. A stone composed of
separate and very large concretions rudely compacted to
ye'.her.
GKANJVOROUS, gra-nlv-vA rus, adj. 518. Eat-
i.ig grain.
GKANNAM, gran-num, s. 88. Grandmother.
To GRANT, grant, v. a. 78, 79. To admit that
which is not yet proved ; to bestow something which
cannot be claimed of right.
GRANT, grant, s. The act of granting or bestow-
ing ; the thing granted, a gift, a boon ; in law, a gift
in writing, of such a thing as cannot aptly be passed or
conveyed by word only ; aamission of something in dis-
pute.
GflANTABLE, grant-a bl, adj. That may be granted.
GRANTEE, gran-t£e/ «. He to whom any grant U
made.
GRANTOR, grant-tSr,' s. 166. He by whom a
grant is made.
GRANULARY, gran-i lar £, adj. Small and com-
pact, resembling a small grain or seed.
To GRANULATE, gran-u-late, v. n. To be formed
into small grains.
To GRANULATE, gran-6 late, v. a. 91. To break
into small masses ; to raise into small asperities.
GRANULATION, gran-fi-la-shun, s. The act of
pouring melted metal into cold water, so that it may
congeal into small grains; the act of breaking into tina*l
parts like grains.
GRANULE, gran-ile, s. A small compact particle.
GRANULOUS, gran-ii-l&s, adj. Full of little grains.
GRAPE, grape, S. The fruit of the vine, growing
in clusters.
GRAPHIC, graf^lk, adj. Well described, delineated.
GRAPHICAL, graW-kal, adj. Well delineated.
GRAPHICALLY, graW-kal-^, adv. In a picturesque
manner, with good description or delineation.
GRAPNEL, grap-nel, s. A small anchor belonging
to a little vessel ; a grappling iron with which, in fight,
one ship fastens on another.
To GRAPPLE, grapipl, v. n. 405. To contend by
seizing each other ; to contest in close fight.
To GRAPPLE, grap^pl, v. a. To fasten, to fix ; to
seize, to lay fast hold of.
GRAPPLE, grapipl, s. Contest, in which the com-
batants seize each other ; close fight ; iron instrument,
by which one ship fastens on another.
GRAPPLEMENT, grap£pl-m£nt, s. Close fight.
GRASSHOPPER, grasih&p-frr, s. A small insect
that hops in the summer grass.
GRASIER, gra^zhir, s. 2S3. See Grazier.
To GRASP, grasp, v. a. To hold in the hand, to
gripe ; to seize, to catch at.
To GRASP, grasp, v. n. To catch at, to endea-
vour to seize; to struggle, to strive; to gripe, to en-
croach.
GRASP, grasp, *. The gripe or seizure of the hand ;
possession, hold ; power of seizing.
GRASPER, grasp-ar, s- 98. One that grasps.
GRASS, gras, s. 78, 79. The common herbage of
fields on which cattle feed.
GRASS-PLOT, grasi-plit, s. A small level covered
with grass.
GRASSINESS, gras£se-n5s, s. The state of abound-
ing in grass.
GRASSY, gris^si, adj. Covered with grass.
GRATE, grate, s. A partition made with bars placed
near to one another; the range of bars within which
fires are made.
To GllATE, grate, v. a. To rub or wear any thing
by the attrition of a rough body ; to offend by any thing
harsh or vexatious; to form a harsh sound.
To GRATE, grate, v. n. To rub so as to injure or
offend ; to make a harsh noise.
GRATEFUL, grate-f&l, adj. Having a due sense of
benefits ; pleasing, acceptable, delightful, delicious.
GRATEFULLY, grate-mi-^, adv. With willingness
to acknowledge and repay benefits ; in a pleasing
manner.
GRATEFULNESS, grate^ful-n^s, s. Gratitude, duty
to benefactors . quality of being acceptable, pleasant
new
GRA
uir 167, nit 163— t&be 171, t&b 172, bill 173
ith GRAYNESS, gra-n^s,
To GRAZE, graze, v.
233 GRE
oil 299 — n5und 313 — //tin 466 — THIS 469.
GRATER, grate-fir, *. A kind of coarse file
which soft todies are rubbed to powder.
GRATIFICATION, grat-i-fe-ka-shun, *. The act of
The quality of being gray.
To eat • grass, to feed OB
pleasing ; pleasure, delight, recompense.
To GRATIFY, grat^-ft, v. a. To indulge, to please
by compliance; to delight, to please; to requite with
a gratification.
GRATINGLY, gratetfng-1^, ado. Harshly, offen-
sively.
GRATIS, gra-tis, adv. 544. For nothing, without
recompense.
GRATITUDE, grSt^ti-tide, j. Duty to benefactors ;
desire to return benefit-;.
GRATUITOUS, gri-tW-t&s, adj. Voluntary, grant-
ed without claim or merit : asserted without proof.
GRATUITOUSLY, gri-tiiie-t&s-lt*, adv. without
claim or merit; without proof.
GRATUITY, gra-t6y-t4, s. A present or acknow-
ledgment, a free gift.
To GRATULATE, gratsh-u-late, or grat'h-late,
»'. a. 461. To congratulate, to salute with declarations
of joy ; to declare joy for.
GRATULATION, grS.tsh-i-laish&n, 5. Salutations
made by expressing joy.
GRATULATORY, gratshii-la-tfir-e1, adj. Congra-
tulatory, expressing congratulation.
Jf5» For the o, see Domestick, 512.
GRAVE, grave, s. The place in which the dead are
reposited.
GRAVE-CLOTHES, grave-klize, s. The dress of the
dead.
GRAVE-STONE, grave-st6ne, s. The stone that is
laid over the grave.
To GRAVE, grave, v. a. jtret. Graved ; part,
pats. Graven. To carve on any hard substance; to
copy painting on wood or metal; to impress deeply ; to
clean, calk, and sheath a ship.
To GRAVE, grave, v. n. To write or delineate on
hard substances.
GRAVE, grave, adj. Solemn, serious, sober ; of
weight ; not showy, not tawdry ; not sharp of sound,
not acute.
GRAVEL, gravel, *. 99. Hard sand ; sandy mat-
ter concreted in the kidneys.
To GRAVEL, grav-£l, v. a. To cover with gravel ;
to stick in the sand ; to puzzle, to put to a stand, to em-
barrass ; to hurt the foot of a horse with gravel confin-
ed by the shoe.
GBAVELESS, grave-14s, adj. Without a tomb, un-
buried.
GRAVELLY, grav^l-1^, adj. Full of gravel, a-
bounding with gravel.
GRAVELY, grave-l£, adv. Solemnly, seriously,
soberly, without lightness; without gaudiness or show.
GRAVENESS, grave-n£s, s. Seriousness, solemnity
and sobriety.
GRAVEOLENT, gra-v^i-l^nt, adj. Strong scented.
GRAVER, gra-v&r, s. 98. One whose bushes is to
inscribe or carve upon hard substances, one who copies
pictures upon wood or metal to be impressed on paper ;
the style or tool used in graving.
GRAVIDITY, grJ-vidie-t^, s. Pregnancy.
GRAVING, gra-vlng, *. Carved work.
To GRAVITATE, gravie-tate, v. n. To tend to the
centre of atti action.
GRAVITATION, grSv-^-taish&n, s. Act of tending
to the centre.
GRAVITY, griv^-t<*, *. Weight, heaviness, ten-
dency to the centre ; seriousness, solemnity.
GRAVY, gra-v«i, s. The juice that runs from flesh
not much dried by the fire, the juice of flesh boiled
out.
GRAY, gra, adj. White with a mixture of black ;
white or hoary with old age ; dark like the opening 01
close of day.
GRAY, gra, s. A badger.
GiiAYBKARD, g a-l>tlerd, s. An old mar..
GltAYLlNG, grilling, s. The umber, a fish.
grass ; to supply grass ; to touch lightly on the surface.
To GRAZE, graze, v. a. To tend grazing cattle ;
to feed upon ; to touch lightly the surface.
GRAZIER, graizhar, s. 283. 484. One who feeds
cattle.
GREASE, pr&sp, *. 227. 560. The soft part of the
fat; a swelling and gourdiness of the legs, which gener-
ally happens to a horse after his journey.
To GREASE, greze, v. a. 437. To smear or a. -
noint with grease ; to bribe or corrupt with presents.
GREASINESS, greiz<i-n£s, s. Oiliness, fatness.
GllKASY, gre-z£, adj. Oily, fat, unctuous ; smeare-1
with grease ; fat of body, bulky.
GREAT, grate, adj. 24O, 241. Large in bulk or
number ; having any quality in a high degree ; con-
siderable hi extent or duration ; important, weighty ;
chief, principal ; of high rank, of large power; illustri-
ous, eminent ; noble, magnanimous; familiar, much
acquainted; pregnant, teeming; it is added in every
step of ascending or descend ing consanguinity, as, great-
grandson is the son of my grandson.
GREAT, grate, s. The whole, the gross, the whole
in a lump.
GREATBELLIED, grite-b5Wd, adj. 283. Pregnant,
teeming.
GREATHEARTED, grate-hart-ld, adj. H'gh spirit-
ed, undejected.
GREATLY, grated, adv. In a great degree ; nobly,
illustriously ; magnanimously, generously, bravely.
GREATNESS, grate^nfe, s. Largeness of quantity
or number; comparative quantity ; high degree of any
quality; high place, dignity, power, influence; merit,
magnanimity, nobleness of mind; grandeur, stale,
magnificence.
GREAVES, gr£vz, 5. Armour for the legs.
GRECISM, gr^slzm, * An idiom of the Creek lan-
guage.
To GRECIZE, gr^-size, V. a. To imitate the idiom
of the Greek language.
GREECE, gr£4se, *. A flight of steps.
GREEDILY, greeide-l£, adv. Eagerly, ravenously
voraciously.
GREEDINESS, gr£e-di*-n3s, s. Ravenousnest, hun-
ger, eagerness of appetite or desire.
GREEDY, gre'e'W^, adj. Ravenous, voracious, hun-
gry ; eager, vehemently desirous.
GREEKLING, gre'e'killng, s. A young Greek scho-
lar ; a smatterer in Greek.
GREEN, gre^n, adj. Haf ing a colour formed by com-
pounding blue and yellow; pale, sickly; flourishing,
fresh ; new, fresh, as, a green wound ; not dry ; not
roasted, half raw ; unripe, immature, young.
GREEN, gr^n, s. The green colour j a grassy plain.
To GREEN, pr£in, v. a. To make green.
GREENBROOM, gre^ii-brdSm/ s. This shrub growi
wild upon barren dry hea;hs.
GREENCLOTH, grt^n-kl5f/i, 4. A board or court
of justice of the king's household.
GREENEYEU* £n^n-lde, adj. 283. Having eyes
coloured with green.
GREENFINCH, gree'nifinsh, s. A kind of bird ; a
kind of fish.
GREENGAGE, gree'n-gaje,' s. A species of plum.
GREENHOUSE, gre^n'house, s. A house in which
tender plants are sheltered.
GREENISH, gre^n-lsh, adj. Somewhat green.
GREENLY, grtyn-1^, adv. With a greenish colour
newly, freshly.
GREENNESS, pr^nine's, s. The quality of being
green ; immaturity, unripeness ; freshness, vigour,
newness.
GREEN UOOM, gr££niro5m, s. A room near the
stage to which actors retire during the intervals of their
parts in the play.
GREENSICKNESS, grWn-sikin£s, ». The disease nf
uiaitls, so called from the paleness which it produces.
GRI
GRO
KJ- 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — ml 93, me"t 35— pine 105, pin 107— no 162, m&ve }64,
GREENSWARD, 1 gr&nisward, *. The turf on
GREENSWORD, $ which grass grows.
GREENWEED, grWniwWd, s. Dyers' weed.
GREENWOOD, grWniwud, s. Wood considered as
it appears in the spring or summer.
To GREET, gre'e't, v. a. To address at meeting ; to
salute in kindness or respect ; to congratulate ; to pay
compliments at a distance.
£3?- This word had anciently a doub'e signification,
importing two opposite meanings. In Chaucer, it signi-
fies to rejoice; and in Spenser, to complain. In the lat-
ter sense it is entirely obsolete, and would never have been
heard of if Spenser had not due it up, with many similar
withered weeds, to adorn his Fairy Queen.
GREETING, griitMng, s. Salutation at meeting,
or compliments at a distance.
GREEZE, gr£eze, s. A flight of steps.
GREGAL, grel-gal, adj. Belonging to a flock.
GREGARIOUS, greUga-re-is, adj. Going in flocks
or herds.
GREMIAL, greimeUal, adj. Pertaining to the lap,
or bosom.
GRENADE, gr£-nade/ *. A little hollow globe or
ball about two inches in diameter, which, being filled
with fine powder, as soon as it is kindled, flies into many
shatters ; a small bomb.
GRENADIER, gr£n-a-deer,' s. 275. A tall foot
soldier, of whom there is one company in every regi-
ment.
GRENADO, grd-naMo, j. 77. See Grenade and
Lumbago.
GREW, gri. The pret. of Grow.
GREY, gra, adj. — See Gray.
GREYHOUND, gra-hound, s. A tall fleet dog that
chases in sight.
To GRIDE, gride, v. n. To cut
GRIDELIN, grldi4-lln, adj. A colour made of white
aud red.
GRIDIRON, grldil-firn, *. A portable grate.
GRIEF, grief, s. 275. Sorrow, trouble for some-
thing past; grievance, harm.
GRIEVANCE, gree^vanse, t. 560. A state or the
cause of uneasiness.
To GRIEVE, gre^v, v. a. To afflict, to hurt
To GRIEVE, gr^ev, v. n. To be in pain for some
thing past, to mourn, to sorrow, as for the death o
friends.
GRIEVINGLY, gre<Mlng-li, adv. In sorrow, sor-
rowfully.
GRIEVOUS, gre^vi&s, adj. Afflictive, painful, hard
to be borne ; such as causes sorrow ; atroc ions, heavy.
GRIEVOUSLY, gre^viCis-le., adv. Painfully ; cala
mitously, miserably ; vexatious, y.
GRIEVOUSNESS, gr£ev£-&s-n£s, s. Sorrow, pain.
GRIFFIN, I
GRIFFON, j
be generated between the lion and eagle.
GRIG, grig, s. A small eel ; a merry creature.
To GRILL, grll, v. a. To broil on a gridiron ; to
harass, to hurt.
GRILLADE, grll-lade/ s. Any thing broiled on th
gridiron.
GRIM, grim, adj. Having a countenance of terror
horrible j ugly, ill-looking.
GRIMACE, gre'-mase/ s. A distortion of the coun
tenance, from habit, affectation, or insolence ; air of al
fectation.
GRIMALKIN, grlm-m;\likln, s. An old cat.
GRIME, grime, s. Dirt deeply insinuated.
To GRIME, grime, v. a. To dirt, to sully deeply.
GRIMLY, gr\m'-\£, adv. Horribly, hideously ; sourly,
sullenly.
GRIMNESS, grlmin£s, s. Horror, frightfulness of
visage.
To GRIN, grin, v. n. To set the teeth together and
withdraw the lips, so as to appear smiling with a mix-
ture of displeasure ; to fix the teeth as in anguish.
jRIV, grin, s. The act of closing the teeth.
To GRIND, grind, v. a. pret. I Ground ; part,
pass. Ground. To reduce any thing to powder by fric-
tion ; to sharpen or smooth ; to rub one against an-
other ; to harass, to oppress.
To GRIND, grind, v. n. To perform the act at
grinding, to be moved as in grinding.
•HINDER, grlnd-ir S. 98. One that grinds ; the
instrument of grinding ; one of the double teeth.
'RINDLE8TONE, grlii^dl-stone, ?
GRINDSTONE, grlnd^stAne, $
on which edged instruments are sharpened.
DINNER, grln^nOr, * 98. He that grins.
IRINNINGLY, grln-ning-l£, adv. With a grinning
laugh.
jRIP, grip, S. A small ditch.
To GRIPE, gripe, r. a. To hold with the fingert
closed ; to catch eagerly ; to seize ; to close, to clutch ;
to pinch, to press, to squeeze.
The stone
To GRIPE, gripe, v. n. To pinch the belly, to giv«
the colick.
GRIPE, gripe, t. Grasp, hold ; squeeze, pressure ;
oppression ; pinching distress.
GRIPES, grips, s. Belly-ache, colick.
GRIPER, gri-pfir, s. 98. Oppressor, usurer.
GRIPINGLY, grl-plng-l£, ado. With pain in tht
guts.
GRISAMEER, grlsiam-bfir, s. Used by Milton for
ambergrise.
GRI8KIN, grls^kln, *. The vertebra of a hog broiled.
GRISLY, grlzMe1, adj. Dreadful, horrible, hideous.
GRIST, grist, s. Com to be ground ; supply, pro-
vision.
GRISTLE, grls^sl, 3. 472. A cartilage.
GRISTLY, grls^sld, adj. Cartilaginous.
GRIT, grit, s. The coarse part of meal ; oats busked,
or coarsely ground ; sand, rough hard particles ; a kind
of fossil ; a kind of fish.
GRITTINESS, grlt-te>n&s, s. Sandiness, the quality
of abounding in grit.
GRITTY, grlt-ti, adj. Full of hard particles.
GRIZLELIN, grlzizl-lln, adj. More properly
Gridelin. Having a pale red colour.
GRIZZLE, grlz-zl, s. 405. A mixture of white and
black ; gray.
GRIZZLED, grlzizld, adj. 359. Interspersed with
gray.
GRIZZLY, grlzizli, adj. Somewhat gray.
To GROAN, gr6ne, v. n. 295. To breathe with a
mournful noise, as in pain or agony.
GROAN, grone, s. Breath expired with noise aiul
difficulty ; any hoarse dead sound.
GROANFUL, grone-ful, adj. Sad, agonizing.
GROAT, grawt, s. 295. A piece valued at four-
pence ; a proverbial name for a small sum ; groats, oats
that have the hulls taken off.
GROCER, gro^fir, «. 98. A man who buys and
sells tea, sugar, plums, and spices.
J£^- Mr. Nares observes that this word ought to be
written Grotser, as originally being one who dealt by tlie
gross or wholesale. There is not, however, he observes,
much chance that Grocer will give place to Giosser; es-
pecially as they no longer engross merchandise of all
kinds, nor insist upon dealing m the gross alone. Tht
other derivation of this word, from ffrusrus, a fig, is not
worth notice.
GROCERY, groisfir-i, adj. Grocers' ware,
GROGERUM, 7 grogirfim, s. Stuff woven with a
GllOGRAM, 5 large woof and a rough pile.
GROIN, gro'ln, s. The part next the thigh.
GROOM, groom, J. A servant that takes care of the
stable.
GROOVE, gr55v, *. A deep cavern or hollow ; a
channel or hollow cut with a tooL
GRO
235
GRU
nor 167, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 17
To GROOVE, groov, t;. a. To cut hollow.
To GROPE, grope, t»- n. To feel where one cannot
see.
To GttOPE, grApe, v. a. To search by feeling in
the dark.
GROSS, grAse, adj. 162. Thick, corpulent ; shame-
ful, unseemly: intellectually coarse; inelegant; thick,
not refined; stupid, dull; coarse, rough, opposite to
delicate.
Jf^f This word is irregular, from a vanity of imitating
theFrench. In Scotland they pronounce this word re-
gularly so as to rhyme with moss. Pope allso rhymes it
with this word.
" Shall only man be taken in the proti t
" Grant but as many sorts of mind as mats."
This, however, must be looked upon as a poetical li-
cense ; for the sound seems now irrevocably fixed as it is
trarked, rhyming with jocoje, verbose, &c.
GROSS, grAse, s. The main body, the main force ;
the bulk, the whole not divided into its several parts ;
the chief part, the main mass; the number of twelve
dozen.
GROSSLY, grAse^l^, adv. Bulkily, in bulky parts,
coarsely ; without subtilty, without art ; without deli-
cacy.
CROSSNESS, grAse-n§s, s. Coarseness, not subtilty,
thickness; Inelegant fatness, unwieldy corpulence;
want of refinement ; want of delicacy.
GROT, gr&t, s. A cave, a cavern for coolness and
pleasure.
GROTESQUE, gro-t&sk/ adj. Distorted in figure,
unnatural
GROTTO, grAt-tA, s. A cavern or cave made for
coolness.
GROVE, grAve, *. A walk covered by trees meet-
ing above.
To GROVEL, grovivl, v. n. 102. To lie prone, to
creep low on the ground ; to be mean, to be without
dignity.
GROUND, ground, s. 313. The earth, considered
as solid or as low ; the earth, as distinguished from air
or water; land, country; region, territory; farm, e-
state, possession ; the floor or level of a place ; dregs,
lees, faeces ; the first stratum of paint upon which tile
figures are afterwards painted; the fundamental sub-
stance, that by which the additional or accidental parts
are supported ; first hint, first traces of an invention ;
the first principles of knowledge; the fundamental
cause ; the field or place of action ; the space occupied
by an army as they fight, advance, or retire; the state
in which one is with respect to opponents or competi-
tors; the foil to set a thing oil'.
To GllOUND, grS&nd, v. a. To fix on the ground ;
to found as upon cause or principle ; to settle in first
principles or rudiments of knowledge.
GROUND, ground. The pret. and part. pass, of
Grind.
GROUND- ASH, grSund-asli,' 5. A saplin of ash ta-
ken from the ground.
GROUND BAIT, grouudibate, s. A bait made of
barley or malt boiled, thrown into the place where you
angle.
GROUND-FLOOR, groundiflAre, «. The lower story
of a house.
GROUND-IVY, ground-Hv£, *. Alehoof, or turn-
hoof.
GROUND-OAK, ground-Ake,' *. A saplin oak.
GROUND-PINE, ground-pine,' *. A plant.
GROUND PLATE, ground^plate, *. In architec-
ture, the outermost pieces of timber lying on or near
the ground, and framed into one another with mortises
and tenons.
GROUND-PLOT, grofindiplot, s. The ground on
which any building is placed; the ichnography of a
building.
GROUND-RENT, ground£r£nt, s. Rent paid for the
privilege of building on another man's ground.
GROUND-ROOM, ground-roAm, i. A room on a
level with the ground.
GROUNDEDI.Y, ground-3d-l£. adv. Upon firm
principles.
3 — oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THis 469.
GROUNDLESS, ground-l£s, adj. Void of reason.
GROUNDLESSLY, ground-l£s-l£, adv. Without
reason, without cause.
GROUNDLESSNESS, ground-l£s-n£s, *. Want of
just reason.
GROUNDLING, grofindMlng, .?. A fish whic.. ^een*
at the bottom of the water ; one of the vulgar.
G ROUNDLY, ground£le, adv. Upon principles, so-
lidly.
GROUNDSEL, grounisll, s. A timber next the
ground ; a plant.
GROUNDWORK, groundiwurk, s. The ground, the
first stratum ; the first part of an undertaking, the fun-
damentals ; first principles, original reason.
GROUP, grAAp, J. 315. A crowd, a cluster, a hud-
dle.
To GROUP, groop, v. a. To put into a crowd, to
huddle together.
R5> Th;s word is now more properly written Gtovpr,
like the French word from which it comes to us.
GROUSE, grouse, s. 313. A kind of fowl, a heath-
cock.
GROUT, grout, s. 313. Coarse meal, pollard; that
which purges off; a kind of wild apple.
To GROW, grA, v. n. 324. pret. Grew; part,
pass. Grown. To vegetate, to have vegetable motion ;
to be produced by vegetation ; to increase in stature ; to
come to manhood from infancy; to issue, as plants
from a soil ; to increase in bulk, to become greater ; to
Improve, to make progress ; to advance to any state ; to
come by degrees ; to be changed from one state to an-
other ; to proceed as from a cause ; to adhere, to stick
together ; to swell, a sea term.
GROWER, grA^ur, s. 98. An increases
To GROWL, gr6ul, v. n. 323. To snarl or murmur
like an angry cur, to murmur, to grumble.
GROWN, grAne, part. pass, of Grow. Advanced
in growth ; covered or filled by the growth of any thing;
arrived at full growth or stature.
GROWTH, gr&tfl, S. 324. Vegetation, vegetable lift •.
product, thing produced: increase in number, bulk, or
frequency; increase of stature, advanced to maturity ;
improvement, advancement.
To GRUB, grub, v. a. To dig up, to destroy by
digging.
GRUB, grub, s. A small worm that eats holes in bo-
dies ; a short thick man, a dwarf.
To GRUBBLE, grub^bl, v. n. 405. To feel in the
dark.
GRUB-STREET, gr?ib-str44t, s. The name of a
street in London, formerly much inhabited by writers
of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems ;
whence any mean production is called Grub-street.
To GRUDGE, grSdje, r. a. To envy, to see any
advantage of another with discontent ; to give or take
unwillingly.
To GRUDGE, grudje, v. n. To murmur, to repine ;
to be unwilling, to be reluctant, to be envious.
GRUDGE, grudje, s. Old quarrel, inveterate male-
volence; anger, ill-will; envy, odium, invidious cen-
sure ; some little commotion, or forerunner of a disease.
GRUDGINGLY, grudijing-Ie, adv. Unwillingly,
malignantly.
GRUEL, gruill, *. 99. Food made by boiling w.t-
meal in water.
GRUFK, gruf, adj. Sour of aspect, harsh of manner..
GRUFFLY, gruf^l^, adv. Harshly, ruggedly.
GiiUFFNESS, grufin&, *. Ruggedness of mien.
GRUM, grum, adj. Sour, surly.
To GRUMBLE, grum-bl, v. n. 405. To murmur
with discontent ; to growl, to snarl; to make a h-tarst
rattle.
GRUMBLER, grumi.bl-ur, s. One that grumbles, a
murmurer.
GRUMBLING, grumibl-lng, s. A murmuring thiough
discontent.
GRUME, groom, j. 339. A thick viscid consistence-
i of a fluid.
GtJE
236
GUL
t3- 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fat 8 1— m^ 93, mh 95— pine 1 05, pin 107— n6 1 62, m6ve 1 64,
GRUMLY, gr&mil£, Of/?'. Sullenly, morosely.
GRUMMET., gr&mim£l, *. An herb.
GRUMOUS, grS&mfis, adj. 339. Thick, clotted.
GRUMOUSNESS, gr54im&s-n£s, s. Thickness of a
coagulated liquor.
GHUNSEL, grun-sll, t. 99. The lower part of the
building.
To GRUNT, gr'int, 7 "• n- To murmur
To GRUNTLE, gr&n&l, 405. } like a hog.
GRUNT, gr&nt, s. The noise of a hog.
GRUNTER, gr&n^t&r, s. 98. He th.it grunts ; a
kind of fish.
GRUNTLING, gr&ntillng, s. A young hog.
To GRUTCH, gr&tsh, v. n. To envy, to repine.
CRUTCH, grfitsh, s. Malice, ill-will.
GUAIACUM, gwaiya-k&m, S. 340. A physical
wood, Lignum vitas.
GUARANTEE, gar-ran- 1£,' 5. 332. A power who
undertakes to see stipulations performed.
To GUARANTY, gar-ran.t£, v. a. 92. To under-
take to secure the performance of a treaty or stipula-
tion between contending parties.
To GUARD, gyard, v. a. 92. 16O. To watch by
way of defence and security ; to protect, to de 'end ; to
preserve by caution ; to provide against objections ; to
adorn with lists, laces, or ornamental borders.
To GUARD, gyird, v. n. 332. To be in a state of
caution or defence,
GUARD, gyird, s. 92. A man, or body of men,
whose business is to watch ; a state of caution, a state
of vigilance ; limitation, anticipation of objection ; an
ornamental hem, lace, or border ; part of the hilt of a
sword.
8^- This word is pronounced exactly like the noun yard,
preceded by hard g, nearly as egg-yard. The same sound
of y consonant is observable between hard g and a in other
words. Nor is this a fanciful peculiarity, but a pronun-
ciation arising from euphony and the analogy of the lan-
guage, 160.
GuARDAGE, gyarkiaje, s. 90. State of wardship.
GUARDER, gyirid&r, s. 98. One who guards.
GUARDIAN, gyiridiian, or gyir-j^-an, s. 293,
291. 376. One that has the care of an orphan ; one to
whom the care and preservation of any thing is com-
mitted.
GUARDIAN, gyir^d^-an, n<#. 293. 376. Per-
forming the office of a kind protector or supcriutendant.
GUARDIANSHIP, g j arid^-an-ship, s. The office
of a guardian.
GUARDLESS, gyird-lfe adj. Without defence.
G HARDSHIP, gyird^shlp, s. Protection ; a king's
ship to guard the coast.
GUBERNATION, g6-b£r-na£shun, s. Government,
superin tendency.
GUDGEON, gid-j&n, *. 259. A small fish found in
brooks and rivers ; a person easily imposed on ; some-
thing to be caught to a man's own disadvantage.
GUERDON, g&r^dun, s. 166. 560. A reward, a
recompense.
£5=- 1 have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the first sylla-
bleot this word, which he spells gwer. I have made the u
mute, as in gueit, not only as agreeable to the French
guerdon, but to our own analogy. The authority of Mr.
Nares confirms me in my opinion. Ben Jonson, indeed,
classes the gu in this word with the same letters as in an-
guish ; but as these letters are not accented in. the last word,
the analogy is different, and the sound 1 havegivenre-
inains still more agreeable to rule.
To GUESS, g£s, v. n. 336. To conjecture, to judge
without any certain principles of judgment ; to con-
jecture rightly.
To GUESS, ges, v a. To hit upon by accident.
Gl'ESS. g£s, s. 560. Conjecture, judgment without
any positive or certain grounds.
GuESSER, gds^s&r, s. Conjecturer, one who judges
without certain knowledge.
GUESSIXGLY, g&i-slng-l^, adv. Conjecturally, un-
crrtaiuly
GUEST, g£st, *. S36. One enteitained in the house
of another ; a stranger, one who comes newly to reside.
GUESTCHAMBER, g&tksham-bfir, s. Chamber of
entertainment.
To GUGGLE, gfig^gl, v. n. 405. To sound as
water running with intermissions out of a narrow vessel.
GuiACUM, gw£-a-k&m, s. An improper spelling
and pronunciation of Guaiacum, which see.
GuiDAGE, gyUdaje, *. 9O. The reward given to a
guide.
GUIDANCE, gyi-dinse, s. Direction, government.
To GUIDE, gylde, v. a. 160. To direct; to go-
vern by counsel, to instruct ; to regulate, to superin
tend.
GUIDE, gylde, s. One who directs another in hi»
way; one who directs another in his conduct ; director,
regulator.
f^" As the g is hard in this word and its compounds,
is not easy to spell them as they are pronounced ; y
..just be considered as double e, and must articulate the
succeeding vowel as much as in yield. — See Guard.
GuiDELESS, gylde^l^s, adj. Without a guide.
GuiDER, gyUd&r, s. 98. Director, regulator, guide.
GUILD, gild, s. 341. A society, a corporation, fra-
ternity.
GuiLE, gyile, s. 341. Deceitful, cunning, insidi-
ous artifice.
GUILEFUL, gylle-fil, adj. Wily, insidious, mis-
chievously artful ; treacherous-, secretly mischievous.
GUILEFULLY, gylle'ful^, adv. Insidiously, trea-
cherously.
GuiLEFULNESS, gyllfifftl-nfc, t. Secret treachery,
tricking cunning.
GUILELESS, gylleilSs, adj. Without deceit, with-
out insidiousness.
GuiLER, gylle-&r, j. One that betrays into danger
by insidious practices.
GUILT, gilt, s. 341. The state of a man justly
charged with a crime; a crime, an offence.
Jf5» It is observed in Princip'es, No. 92, that when g
comes before short a, the sound of e so necessarily inteF-
venes, that we cannot pronounce these letters without it ;
but that when the a is long, as in regard, we may pro-
nounce these two letters without the intervention of e, but
that this pronunciation is not the most elegant. The same
may be observed of the g hard, and the long and short i.
We may pronounce guide and guile nearly as if written
egg-ide and egg-He, though not so properly as cgg-yide and
cgg-yile, but gild and guilt must necessarily admit of the
e sound between hard g and i, or we cannot pronounce
them.
GUILTILY, glH££-l£, adv. Without innocence.
GUILTINESS, gllt^-nfe, s. The state of being guilty,
consciousness of crime.
GUILTLESS, g!lt-l£s, adj. Innocent, free from crime.
GUILTLESSLY, gllt-l£s-l<*, adv. Without guilt, in-
nocently.
GUILTLESSNESS, glltilfc-nfe, s. Innocence, free-
dom from crime.
GUILTY, gllt-t^, adj. Justly chargeable with a crime,
not innocent ; wicked, corrupt.
GUINEA, gln'-n&, s. 341. A gold coin valued at
one-and-twenty shillings.
GuiNEADROPFER, gm-ne-dr5pipuT, s. One who
cheats by dropping guineas.
GuiNEAHEN, glii-n^-hen, s. A small Indian hen.
GUINEAPEPPER, glnin^-p£pip&r, S. A plant.
GuiNEAPIG, gln-n^-plg, s. A small animal with
a pig's snout; a kind of naval cailet in an East India
man.
GUISE, gylze, s. 16O. 341. M.-.nner, mien, habit ;
practice, custom, property ; extent. j r.p|iearancc, dress.
GUITAR, git tar,' s. 341. A stringed instrument
of musitk.
GuLES, glilz, adj. Red ; a term used in heraldry.
GULF, g&lf, *. A bay, an opening into land ; an a-
byss, an unmeasurabie depth; a whirlpool; a sucking
eddy ; any thing insatiable.
GUS
257
HAB
nir 167, n&t 163— tube 171, tub 172, bill 173—511 299— pifind SIS— thin 466— THIS 469.
GULFY, gul-f<5, adj. Full of gulfs or whirlpool.
To GULL, gul, D. a. To trick, to cheat, to defraud.
GULL, gul, s. A sea bird ; a cheat, a fraud, a trick ;
a stupid animal, one easily cheated.
GuLLCATCHER, g&l-k&tsh-ftr, s. A cheat.
GuLLER, giil-lur, s. 98. A cheat, an impostor.
GULLERY, gul-lur-£, $. Cheat, imposture.
GULLET, gul-llt, s. 99. The throat, the meat-pipe.
To GULLY, gul-le, v. n. To run with noise.
GULLYHOI.E, g&l-l^-hAle, J. The hole where the
gutters empty themselves in the subterraneous sewer.
Gt'LOSITY,
voracity
s. Greediness, gluttony,
To GULP, gulp, V. a. To swallow eagerly ; to suck
down without intermission.
GULP, g&lp, S- As much as can be swallowed at
once.
GuM, gum, 5. A vegetable s~ubstance, differing from
a resin in being more viscid, and dissolving in aqueous
menstruums ; the fleshy covering that contains the teeth.
To GUM, gum, v. a. To close with gum.
GuMMINESS, g&m-md-ii&>, s. The state of being
gummy.
GUMMOSITY, gum-mSs-sd-t£, s. The nature of
gum, gumminess.
GuMMOUS, gum-m&s, culj. 314. Of the nature of
gum.
GUMMY, gum£m£, adj. Consisting of gum, of the
nature of gum ; productive of gum ; overgrown with
gum.
GUN, gun, s. The general name for fire-arms, the
instrument ftom which shot is discharged by fire.
GUNNEL, gun-nil, j. 99. Corrupted from Gun-
wale.
GUNNER, gun-nur, s. 98. A cannonier, he whose
employment is to manage the artillery in a ship.
GUNNERY, guninur-6, s. The science of artillery.
GUNPOWDER, gunipSu-dur, s. The powder put
into guns to be fired.
GUNSHOT, gun-shut, s. The reach or range of a
gun.
GUNSHOT, g&nish&t, adj. Made by the shot of a
gun.
GUNSMITH, g&nisml/A, $. A man whose trade is
to make guns.
GUNSTICK, gun-stlk, «. The rammer.
GuNSTOCK, gun-stik, s. The wood to which the
barrel of a gun is fixed.
GuNSTONE, gun-st&ne, s. The shot of cannon.
GUNWALE, or GUNNEL, gun-nil, s. That piece
of timber which reaches on either side of the ship, from
the half-deck to the forecastle.
GURGE, gurje, s. Whirlpool, gulf.
GURGION, gurij&n, s. 259. The coarser part of
meal, sifted from the bran.
TJ G URGLE, giVgl, v. n. 405. To fall or gush
with noise, as water from a bottle.
.GURNET?'
To GUSH, gusli, v. n. To flow or rush out with
violence, not to spring in a small stream, but in a large
body ; to emit in a copious i (fluxion.
GUSH, g&sh, s. An emission of liquor in a large
quantity at once.
Gl'SSET, gus-slt, *. 99. Any thing sewed on to cloth,
in order to strengthen it.
GUST, gust, s. Sense of tasting ; height of percep-
tion; love, liking; turn of fancy, intellectual taste ; a
sudden violent blast of wind.
"' A kind of sea-fish'
GUSTABLE, gfisitA-bl, adj. 405. To be tasted ;
pleasant to the taste.
GUSTATION, gus-ta'shun, *. The act of tasting.
GUSTFUL, gust-ful, adj. Tasteful, well-tasted.
GUSTO, giis-tA, s. The relish of any thing, the
power by which any thing excites sensations in the pa-
late ; intellectual taste, liking.
GUSTY, gus-t£, adj. Stormy, tempestuous.
GuT, gut, 5. The long pipe reaching with many
convolutions from the stomach to the vent ; the atom
ach, the receptacle of food j proverbially, gluttony, love
of gormandizing.
To GUT, gut, v. a. To eviscerate, to draw ; to
take out the inside; to plunder of contents.
GUTTATED, gutita-ted, adj. Besprinkled with
drops, bedropped.
GUTTER, gut-t&r, s. 98. A passage for water.
To GUTTER, gut-t&r, v. a. To cut in small hoJ
lows.
To GUTTLE, gut^tl, v. n. 405. To feed luxuii-
ously, to gormandize. A low word.
To GUTTLE, gut-tl, v. a. To swallow.
GUTTLER, gut'tl-ur, s. 98. A greedy eater.
GUTTULOUS, gut-tshu-lus, adj. 463. In the form
of a small drop.
GUTTURAL, g&t-tshu-ral, a$. 463. Pronounced
in the throat, belonging to the throat.
GuTTURALNESS, gut-tshu-rAl-n£s, s. The quality
of being guttural.
GUTWORT, gutiw&rt, s. An herb.
To GUZZLE, guzizl, v. n. 405. To gormandize,
to feed immoderately, to swallow any liquor greedily.
To GUZZLE, guz-zl, v. a. To swallow with im-
moderate gust.
GUZZLER, guz-zl-ur, s. 98. A gormandizer.
GYBE, jibe, s. A sneer, a taunt, a sarcasm.
To GYBE, jibe, v. n. To sneer, to taunt.
GYMKASTICALLY, jlm-nas-t<i-kiil-£, adv. Athleti-
cally, fitly for strong exercise.
GYMNASTICK, jim-nas-tlk, adj. Relating to ath-
letick exercises.
n this word and its relatives we not unfrequently
dity
uch
hear the g hard, as in Gimlet, for this learned reason, be-
cause they are derived from the Greek. For the very
same reason we ought to pronounce the g in Genesis, Ge-
ography, Geometry, and a thousand other words, hard,
which would essentially alter the sound of our language.
Mr. Sheridan has very properly given the soft g to these
words; and Mr. Nares is ol the same opimor&with respect
to the propriety of this*7>ronunciation, but doubts of the
usage ; there can be no doubt, however, of the absurdit
of this usage, and of the necessity of curbing it as m
as possible. — See Principles, No. 550.
GYMNICK, jlminik, s. Such a* practise the athle-
tick or gymnastick exercises.
GYMNOSPERMOUS, jlm-nA-sp£rimus, adj. Having
the seeds naked.
GYRATION, ji-ra-shun, s. The act of turning any
thing about.
GYRE, jire, i. A circle described by any thing go-
ing in an orbit.
GYVES, jlvz, s. Fetters, chains for the legs.
Jj^- Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Scott make the g in thl»
word haid; but Mr. Elphinston, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr.
Perry, with more propriety, make it soft, as I have mark-
ed it. Mr. Nares makes the sound doubtful ; but this ma-
jority of authorities and agreeableness to analogy have re-
moved my doubts, and made me alter my former opinion.
To GYVE, jive, v. a. To fetter, to shackle.
II.
-tlA, hi, interject. An expression of wonder, sur-
prise, sudden question, or sudden exertion ; an expres-
sion of laughter, when ol'ten repeated.
HAAK, hake, s. A fish.
HABERDASHER, hAl/ur-dash-ur, j. One who sell*
small wares, a pedlar.
HABERUINK, hab-ur-d^en,' s. Dried salt cod.
HABERGKON, hab-b£r-j<i-6n, s. Armour to covef
the neck and brea*U
HAII
238
HAL
J59. Fate 73, tar 77, fill 83, fat 81 — me 93, rnSt 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, mire 164,
HAIL, hale, s. Drops of rain frozen in their falling.
K5- This word is analogically accented on the second
syllable: but Johnson, in all the editions of his Uiction-
,'ry, has the accent ou the first, though his authorities are
against him.
HABILIMENT, ha-bll-e-m3nt, *.
garment.
Dress clothes,
To HABILITATE, ha-bIW-tAte, v. a. To qualify,
to entitle.
HABILTTATION, ha-b11-£-ta-sh&n, *. Qualification.
H ABILITY, ba-blW-te, s. Faculty, power.
HABIT, hlb-lt, S. State of any thing, as habit of
body; dress, accoutrement ; habit is a power or ability
in man of doing any thing by frequent doing ; custom,
inveterate use.
To HABIT, hab-lt, v. a. To dress, to accoutre.
HABITABLE, hab^-ti-bl, adj. Capable of being
dwelt in.
HABITABLENESS, hab^e-ta-bl-n£s, s. Capacity of
being dwelt in.
HABITANCE, hab^-tanse, *. Dwelling, abode.
HABITANT, hab^-tant, s. Dweller, one that lives
in any place.
HABITATION, hab-£-ta£shfin, *. The act of dwell-
ing, the state of a place receiving dwellers ; a place of
abode, dwelling.
HABITATOR, habie-ta-t&r, s. Dweller, inhabitant.
HABITUAL, hu-bltsh-u-al, adj. 461. Customary,
accustomed, inveterate.
HABITUALLY, ha-bitshidi-al-£, adv. Customarily,
by habit.
HABITUDE, hub^-tiide, *. Familiarity, converse,
frequent intercourse; long custom, habit, inveterate
use; the power of doing any thing acquired by frequent
repetition.
HABNAB, hab^nab, adv. At random, at the mercy
of chance.
To HACK, hale, v. a. To cut into small pieces, to
chop ; to speak unreadily, or with hesitation.
To HACK, hak, v. n. To turn hackney or prosti-
tute.
HACKLE, hak-kl, s. 405. Raw silk, auy filmy
substance unspun.
To HACKLE, hakikl, v. a. To dress flax.
HACKNEY, hik-ne, )
HACK, hak, }* A hiredhOTSe; ••""-
ling, a prostitute; any thing let out for hire ; adj. much
used, common.
To HACKNEY, hak-n£, v. a. To practise in one
thing, to accustom to the road.
HAD, had. The preterit, and part, pass, ol
Have.
HADDOCK, hid-duk, s. 166. A sea fish of the
cod kind.
HAFT, haft, s. 78, 79. A handle, that part of an
instrument that is taken into the hand.
To HAFT, haft, v. a. To set in a haft.
HAG, hag, s. A fury, a she-monster : a witch, an
enchantress ; an old ugly woman.
To HAG, hag, v. a. To torment, to harass with
terror.
HAGGARD, hag^gard, adj. Wild, untamed, irre-
claimable; lean; ugly, rugged, deformed.
HAGGARD, hag-gard, s. Any thing wild or irre-
claimable ; a species of hawk.
HAGGARDLY, hag-gard-1^, adv. Deformedly,
wildly.
HAGGISH, higiglsh, adj. Of the nature of a hag,
deformed, horrid.
To HAGGLE, hag-gl, v. a. 405. To cut, to chop,
to mangle.
To HAGGLE, hag-gl, t>. n. To be tedious in a bar-
gain, to be long in coming to the price,
HAGGLER, hag-gl-ur, j. 98. One that cuts ; one
that is tardy in bargaining.
HAH, ha, interject. An expression of some sudden
eflort.
To HAIL, hale, v. n. To pour down hail.
HAIL, hak>, interject. A term of salutation.
To HAIL, hale, v. a. To salute, to call to.
HAILSHOT, hale-shut, s. Small shot scattered like
hail.
HAILSTONE, hale^stAne, 4. A particle or single
ball of hail.
HAILY, ha-l£, adv. Consisting of hail
HAIR, hare, s. One of the common teguments of
the body ; a single hair ; any thing proverbially small
HAIRBRAINED, hareibrand, adj. 359. Wild, ir-
regular.
HAIRBELL, hare^be1!, j. The name of a flower, the
hyacinth.
HAIRBREADTH, hare£br£dlA, *. A very small dis-
tance.
HAIRCLOTH, hare^kloiA, ». Stuff made of hair,
very rough and ptickly, worn sometimes in mortifica-
tion.
HAIRLACE, hareilase, «. The fillet with which the
women tie up their hair.
HAIRLESS, bare-la's, adj. Without hair.
HAIRINESS, ha're-ne's, s. The state of being cover-
ed with hair.
HAIRY, ha-r£, adj. Overgrown with hair; consist*
ing of hair.
HAKE, hake,
HAKOT, haki&t, 166.
HALBERD, hallib&rd, s. 98. A battle-axe fixed
on a long pole.
HALBERDIER, hall-b&r-dWr,' A One who is arm-
ed with a halberd.
HALCYON, hal-sheUfin, *. 1 66. A bird that is said
to breed in the sea, and that there is always a calm dur-
ing her incubation.
HALCYON, hal^she-fin, adj. 357. Placid, quiet,
still.
HALE, hale, adj. Healthy, sound, hearty.
TQ. HALE, hale, or hawl, r. a. To drag by force,
familiar language, is corrupted be
A kind of fish.
to pull violently.
S- This word, in familiar language
recovery into haul; but solemn speaking still re-
y°n'
quires the regular sound, rhyming with 'pale ; The oth«
sound would, in this case, be gross and vulgar. — See To
Hawl.
HALER, ha-l&r, or hawWir, s. 98. He who pulls
and hales.
HALF, hlf, s. 78. 401. A moiety, one of two e-
qual parts; it sometimes has a plural signification when
a number is divided.
HALF, haf, adv. In part, equally.
HALF-BLOOD, hafibl&d, *. One not born of th«
same father and mother.
HALF-BLOODED, haf-blid-ed, adj. Mea», dege-
nerate.
HALF FACED, hififaste, adj. 362. Showing only
part of the face.
HALF-HEARD, haWie'rd, adj. Imperfectly heard.
HALF- MOON, h&f-moon,' s. The moon in its ap-
pearance when at half increase or decrease.
HALF-PENNY, baip£n-n£, s. A copper coin, ot
which two make a penny.
l£f This word is not only deprived of half its sound,
but even what is left is grossly corrupted ; sounding tli«t
a as in half, is provincial and 'rustick.
HALF-PIKE, haf-pike, s. The small pike carried by
officers.
HALF-SEAS-OVER, h4f£s£z-o^v&r, adj. A pro-
verbial expression for one far advanced. It is com-
monly
exp
used
of one half drunk.
HALF-SPHERE, haf-sfe>e, s. Hemisphere.
HALF STRAINED, haf^strand, adj. Half-bred, im-
perfect.
HALF-SWORD, haftsArd, *. Close fight.
HALF-WAY, h&ftwa, adu. In the middle.
HAM
239
HAN
uir 167, nit 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bill 173— oil 299 — pSind 313 — //(in 466— THis 469.
HALF-WIT, halfwit, ». A blockhead, a foolish fel- To HAMMER, ham-mur, v. a. To beat with a ham-
HALIBUT, hM-14-b5t, s. A sort of fish.
HALIMAS, h&l-l^-mas, s. The feast of All-souls.
HAI.ITUOUS, ha-lltsh-il-&s, adv. 463. Vaporous,
fumous.
HALL, hall, $. A court of justice : a manor-house,
so called because in it were helil courts for the tenants ;
the public room of a corporation; the first large room
at the entrance of a house.
HALLELUJAH, hal-l(*-lod-ya, 3. Praise ye the
Lord! A song of thanksgiving.
HALLOO, hal-165,' intellect. A word of encourage-
ment when dogs are let loose on their game.
To HALLOO, hal-165/ v. n. To cry aa after the
dogs.
To HALLOO, hAl-155^ v. a. To encourage with
shouts; to cha-se with shouts ; to call or shout to.
To HALLOW, hal-16, v. a. To consecrate, to make
holy ; to reverence as holy, as, Hallowed be thy name.
J^f' In pronouncing the Lord's Prayer, we sometimes
near the a in the participle of this word pronounced like
the first o in the word UoUtw. This arises from not at-
tending to the distinction made by syllabication between
the single and double I : the double / in the same syllable
deepens the a to the broadest sound, as in tall; but when
one of the liquids is carried off to the next syllable, the a
has its short and slender sound, as tal-low : the same may
be observed of hall and hallow, &c.— See Principles, No.
85.
HALLUCINATION, hal-li-si-na^shfin, s. Error,
blunder, mistake.
HALM, hawm, 3. straw.
}t5" This is Dr. Johnson's pronunciation of this word.
HALO, ha-16, s, A red circle round the sun or
moon.
HALSER, hlwis&r, s. A rope less than a cable.
To HALT, hilt, v. n. To limp, to be lame ; to stop
in a march ; to hesitate, to stand dubious; to fail, to
falter.
HALT, halt, adj. Lame, crippled.
HALT, halt, s. The act of limping, the manner of
limping ; a stop in a march.
HALTER, hal-t&r, *. He who limps.
HALTER, hal-t&r, 5. A rope to hang malefactors ;
a cord, a strong string
To HALTER, hal^tfi
to catch in a noose.
V. a. To bind with a cord ;
To HALVE, hav, v. a. 78. To divide into two parts.
HALVES, havz, s. Plural of Half.
HALVES, havz, interject. An expression by which
any one lays claim to an equal share.
HAM, him, i. The hip, the hinder part of the ar-
ticulation of the thigh ; the thigh of a hog salted.
HAMADRYAD, ham-a-drl-ad, s. One of the nymphs
who were supposed to reside in woods and groves.
HAMADRYADS, ham^i-drl-adz, s.
plural of Hamadryad.
The English
HAMADRYADES, ham-a-drl-a-d£z, s. The Latin
plural of the same word.
HAMLET, ham-15t, s. 99. A small village.
HAMMER, ham-m&r, s. 98. The instrument, con-
sisting of a long handle and heavy head, with which
any thing is forced or driven.
HAMMERCLOTH, hamim&r-kl5/A, s. The cloth
upon the seat of the coach-box.
}t^- A critic in the Gentleman's Magazine gives the fol-
lowing etymology of this word, which we do not find in
any of our dictionaries.
'"' When coaches and chariots were first introduced, our
frugal ancestors used to load the carriage with provisions
for the family when they came to London. The hamper,
covered with a cloth, was a convenient repository, and a
seat for the coachman. This was afterwards converted
into a box. Hammer-cloth is therefore very probably a cor-
ruption of hamper-cloth."
if the derivation of this word were worth spending a
thought upon, I should think, that as the seat of the
coachman is not boarded, but slung like a hammock, the
word is rather a corruption of hammock-cloth.
mer; to forge or form with a hamm r ; to work in the
mind, to contrive by intellectual labour.
To HAMMER, hAn&nfir, v. n. To work, to be bu-
sy; to be in agitation.
HAMMERER, hamim&r-&r, 3. He who work« with
a hammer.
HAMMERHARD, hamim&r-hard, adj. Made hard
with much hammering.
HAMMOCK, ham-muk, *. 166. A swinging bed.
HAMPER, hamp'&r, s. 93. A large basket for car-
riage.
To HAMPER, hampi&r, v. a. To shackle, to en-
tangle ; to ensnare ; to perplex, to embarrass ; to put in
a hamper.
HAMSTRING, hamstring, s. The tendon of the ham.
To HAMSTRING, hamstring, v. a. jrr*t. and part,
pass. Hamstrung. To lame by cutting the tendon of
the ham.
HANAPER, han-a-p&r, s. 98. A treasury, an ex-
chequer.
HAND, hand, s. That member of the body which
reaches from the wrist to the fingers' end ; measure of
four inches; side, right or left; part, quarter; ready
payment ; rate, price ; workmanship, power or act of
manufacturing or making, act of receiving any thing
ready to one's hand ; reach, nearness, as, at hand, within
reach, state of being in preparation ; cards held at a
game; that which is used in opposition to another;
transmission, conveyance ; possession, power; pressure
of the bridle; method of government, discipline, re-
straint ; influence, management ; that which performs
the office of a hand in pointing ; agent, person employ-
ed; giver and receiver; a workman, a sailor; form or
cast of wi iting; Hand over head, negligently, rashly;
Hand to hand, close fight; Hand in hand, "in union,
conjointly; Hand to mouth, as want requires; I o bear
in hand, to keep in expectation, to elude ; To be hand
and glove, to be intimate and familiar.
To HAND, hand, v. a. To give or transmit with
the hand ; to guide or lead by the hand ; to seize, to
lay hands on ; to transmit in succession, to deliver down
from one to another : Hand is much used in composition
for that which is manageable by the hand, as, a hand-
saw ; or borne in the hand, as, a hand-barrow.
HAND BASKET, hamiibas-kit, j. A portable basket.
HAND-BELL, hand-b£l, s. A bell rung by the hand.
HAND-BREADTH, hand-br&UA, s. A space equal
to the breadth of the hand.
HANDED, hanid£d, adj. With hands joined.
HANDER, han-d&r, *. Transmitter, conveyer in
succession.
HANDFAST, hamKfast, 3. Hold, custody.
HANDFUL, hand-fill, s. As much as the hand can
gripe or contain ; a small number or quantity.
HAND-GALLOP, hand-gal-l&p, s. A slow easy gal-
lop.
HANDGUN, hand%&n, s. A gun wielded by the
hand.
HANDICRAFT, han£d£-kraft, «. Manual occupation.
HANDICRAFTSMAN, han-d^-kraf'ts-man, 3. 88.
A manufacturer, one employed in manual occupation.
HANDILY, han£<l4-l£, adv. With skill, with dex-
terity.
HANDINESS, han-d£ n£s, s. Rcadinen, dexterity.
HANDIWORK, hanW-w&rk, s. Work of the hand,
product of labour, manufacture.
HANDKERCHIEF, hangik£r-tshlf, 3. A piece of
silk or linen used to wipe the face or cover the neck.
To HANDLE, hanWl, v. a. 4O5. To touch, to fee!
with the hand; to manage, to wield, to make familiar
to the hand by frequent touching ; to treat in discourse ;
to deal with, to practise ; to treat well or ill j to prac-
tise upon, to do with.
HANDLE, han-dl, * 405. That part of any thing
by which it is held in in the haud; that of which use it
made.
HANDLESS, handM^s. adj. Without a hand.
HANDMAID, hind-made, s. A maid that waiu »t
hud.
HAP
HAR
t£>- 559. FAte 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — md 93, m3t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, move 161,
HANDMH.L, hind-mil, s. A mill moved by the
hand.
HANDS OFF, hindz-off/ interject. A vulgar phrase
for Keep off, forbear.
HANDSAILS, hilld-salz, s. Sails managed by the
hand.
HANDSAW, hind^sdw, s. A saw manageable by the
hand.
HANDSEL, hin-s£l, s. The first act of using any
thing, the first act of any thing, the first act of sale, the
.money taken for the first sale.
To HANDSEL, hin£s£l, v. a. To use or do any
thing the first time. .
HANDSOME, hin-s&m, adj. Beautiful, graceful ;
elegant; ample, liberal, as, a handsome fortune ; gene-
rous, noble, as, a handsome action.
HANDSOMELY, hini.s&m-le, ado. Beautifully,
gracefully; elegantly, neatly; liberally, generously.
HANDSOMENESS, hin-sim-ne's, s. Beauty, grace,
elegance.
HANDVICE, hind-vise, s. A vice to hold small
work in.
HANDWRITING, hind-rMng, s. A cast or form
of writing peculiar to each hand.
HANDY, hinidd, adj. Executed or performed by
the hand; ready, dexterous, skilful, convenient
HANDVDANDY, hinid<i-din-d(i, s. A play in which
children change hands and places.
To HANG, hing, v. a. 409. pret. and part. pass.
Hanged or Hung, anciently Hong. To suspend, to
fasten in such a manner as to be sustained, not below,
but above; to place without any solid support; to
choak and kill by suspending by the neck ; to display,
to show aloft ; to decline ; to fix in such a manner as
in some directions to be moveable ; to furnish with or
naments or draperies fastened to the wall.
To HANG, hing, v. n. To be suspended, to be
supported above, not below ; to dangle, I o rest upon by
embracing; to hover, to impend ; to be compact or
united ; to adhere ; to be in suspense, to be in a state
of uncertainty ; to be delayed, to linger; to be depen-
dent on ; to be fixed or suspended with attention ; to
have a steep declivity; to be executed by the halter ;
to decline, to tend down.
HANGER, hing'&r, s. 409. That by which any
thing hangs, as the pothangers.
HANGER, hing-&r, s. 98. A short broad sword.
HANGER-ON, hing &r-6n/ s. A dependant.
HANGING, hing-lng, s. 410. Drapery hung or
fastened against the walls of rooms.
HANGING, hinging, part. adj. Foreboding death
by the halter ; requiring to be punished by the halter.
HANGMAN, hingimin, s. 88. The publick exe-
cutioner.
HANK, hingk, s. A skein of thread.
To HANKER, hingk'&r, v. n. To long importu-
nately.
HA'NT, ha'nt, 80. For Has not, or Have not.
HAP, hip, s. Chance, fortune ; that which hap-
pens by chance or fortune; accident, casual event, mis-
fortune.
HAP-HAZARD, hip-hizi&rd, s. 88. Chance, ac-
cident.
To HAP, hip, v. n. To come by accident, to fal
out, to happen.
HAPLY, hip-1^, adv. Perhaps, peradventure, it may
be ; by chance, by accident.
HAPLESS, hip^lfe, adj. Unhappy, unfortunate
luckless.
To HAPPEN, hip-pn, v. n. 40.5. To fall out by
chance, to come to pass ; to light on by accident.
HAPPILY, hap-p£-l<*, adv. Fortunately, luckily,,
succossfully ; addressfully, gracefully, without labour;
in a state of felicity.
HAPPINESS, hipip^-ne's, s. Felicity, state in which
the desires are satisfied ; good luck, good fortune.
HAPPY, hip-p^, adj. In a state of felicity ; lucky,
•uccessful, fortunate ; addressful, ready ,
HARANGUE, hi-ring,' *. 337. A «pcech, a popu-
lar oration.
To HARANGUE, hi-ring,' v. n. To make a speech.
HARANGUER, hi-ring-ur, s. An orator, a publick
speaker.
To HARASS, hir-is, v. a. To weary, to fatigue.
HARASS, hir^is, s. Waste, disturbance.
HARBINGER, har-bln-j5r, s. A forerunner, a pre-
cursor.
HARBOUR, har^b&r, s. 314. A lodging, a place <if
entertainment ; a port or haven for shipping ; an asy-
lum, a shelter.
To HARBOUR, blribur, v. n. To receive enter-
tainment, to sojourn.
To HARBOUR, harib&r, v. a. To entertain, to
permit to reside ; to shelter, to secure.
HARBOURAGE, har-b&r-aje, s. 90. Shelter, en-
tertainment.
HARBOURER, harib5.r-ur, s. 98. One that enter-
tains another.
HARBOUBLESS, har-b&r-13s, adj. Without har-
bour.
HARD, hSrd, adj. 78. Firm, resisting penetration
or separation ; difficult, not easy to the intellect; diffi-
cult of accomplishment ; painful, distressful, laborious;
cruel, oppressive, rigorous; sour, rough, severe ; insen-
sible, untouched; unhappy, vexatious; vehement,
keen, severe, as, a hard winter; unreasonable, unjust-
forced, not easily granted ; austere ; rough, as liquids ,
harsh, stiff, constrained ; not plentiful, not prosperous ;
avaricious, faultily sparing.
HARD, hard, adv. Close, near, as, hard by ; dili-
gently, laboriously, incessantly; uneasily, vexatiously,
distressfully; fast, nimbly; with difficulty ; tempestu-
ously, boisterously.
HARDBOUND, hard-boind, adj. Costive.
To HARDEN, har^dn, r. a. 103. To make hard
to confirm in effrontery, to make impudent ; to confirm
in wickedness, to make obdurate ; to make insensible,
to stupify ; to make firm, to endue with constancy.
HARDENER, har-dn-fir, s. One that makes any
thing hard.
HARDFAVOURED, hardifa-v&rd, adj. Coarse ot
feature,
HARDHANDED, hard£hi«-d3d, adj Coarse, rre-
chanick.
HARDHEAD, hard-hdd, s. Clash of heads ; a hard
contest.
HARDHEARTED, hard-hart^d, adj. Cruel, inex-
orable, merciless, pitiless.
HARDHEARTEDNESS, hard-harU£d-n£s, *. Cru-
elty, want of tenderness.
HARDIHEAD, har^d^-h^d, ?
HARDIHOOD, har^-hid, 307. J *' S less'
bravery. Obsolete
HARDIMENT, har-d<i-m£nt, s. Courage, stoutness
bravery, act of bravery.
HARDINESS, h£ride-n3s, 4. Hardship, fatigue ;
stoutness, courage, bravery ; effrontery, confidence.
HARDLABOURED, hard-la-b&rd, adj. 362. Ela-
borate, studied.
HARDLY, hard^l^, adv. With difficulty, not easily ;
scarcely, scant; grudgingly ; severely; rigorously, op-
pressively; harshly, not tenderly, not delicately.
HARDMOUTHED, hard-mSuTHd,'^. Disobedient
to the rein, not sensible of the bit.
HARDNESS, hardiness, s. Power of resistance in
bodies ;• difficulty to be understood ; difficulty to be nc-
complishecl ; scarcity, penury; obscurity, profligate-
ness; coarseness, harshness of look; keenness, vehe-
mence of weather or seasons; cruelty of temper, sa\-
ageness, harshness; faulty parsimony, stinginess.
HARDOCK, har-dok, 5. I suppose the same with
Burdock.
HARDS, hilrdz, S. The refuse or coarser part of flax.
HARDSHIP, hArdishlp, s. Injury, oppression ; in-
convenience, fatigue.
I HAHWARE, hard-ware, s . Manufactures of metal.
241
nor 167, n5t 1 63— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 29
A
HAS
-pound 313 — /Ain 465 — Tuis 469.
HARDWAREMAN, hard-ware-man, t.
or seller of metalline manufactures.
HARDY, har-il£, adj. Bold, brave, (tout, daring ;
strong, hard, firm.
HARE, hare, s. A small quadruped, remarkable for
timidity, vigilance, and fecundity ; a constellation.
HAREBELL, hare-b^l, s. A blue flower of the bell
shape.
HAREBRAINED, hare^brand, adj. Volatile, unset-
tled, wild.
HAREFOOT, hareifut, s. A bird ; an herb.
HARELIP, hare-lip, s. A fissure in the upper lip
with want of substance.
HARESEAR, harz-eer, 5. A plant
HARICOT, har'e-kA, s. French. A kind of ragout ;
generally made up of meat steaks and cut roots.
HARIER, har-r^-ur, s. A dog for hunting hares.
Jf5» Either the spelling or the pronunciation of this
word should bealtered. Thespelling necessarily requires
the a long, as in hare; and the pronunciation demands
the r to be doubled. The most rational alteration would
be to pronounce it with the a lonp, and to let the other
pronunciation be considered as the language of the stable
and the field. — See Leash.
To HARK, hark, v. n. To listen.
HARK, hark, interject. List! hear! listen!
HARL, harl, *. The filaments of flax ; any fila-
mentous substance.
HARLEQUIN, harM^-kln, s. 415. A buffoon who
plays tricks to divert the populace ; a jackpudding.
HARLOT, har-lut, s. 166. A whore, a strumpet.
HARLOTRY, har-lut-rt*, s. The trade of a harlot,
fornication ; a name of contempt for a woman.
HARM, harm, s. Injury, crime, wickedness ; mis-
chief, detriment, hurt.
To HARM, harm, v. a. To hurt to injure.
HARMFUL, harm-ful, adj. Hurtful, mischievous.
HARMFULLY, harmiful-e, adv. Hurtfully, nox-
iously.
HARMFULNESS, harmiful-ne's, s. Hurtfulness,
mischievousness.
HARMLESS, harmMe's, adj. Innocent, innoxious,
not hurtful; unhurt, undamaged.
HARMLESSLY, harm-le's-le, adv. Innocently, with-
out hurt, without crime.
HARMLESSNESS, liarm-l&s-ne's, s. Innocence, free-
dom from injury or hurt
HARMONICA L, har-minie-kil,
HARMONICS, har-m&nilk, 508.
to each other, musical.
HARMONIOUS, har-mA^n^-us, adj. Adapted to
each other, having the parts proportioned to each other;
maker HARPOONE'R, hir-pSo-ne'e'r,' *. He that throwi
the harpoon.
Adapted
musical.
HARMONIOUSLY, hdr mi-n^
adv. With
just adaptation and proportion of parts to each other;
apt
lly,
musically, with concord of sounds.
HARMONIOUSNESS, har-mAine-us n3s, j. Propor-
tion, musicalncss.
To HARMONIZE, har-mA nlze. v. a. To adjust
in fit proportions.
HARMONY, har£mA-n£, s. The just adaptation of
one part to another ; just proportion of sound ; con-
cord, correspondent sentiment
HARNESS, har-nSs, s. Armour, defensive furniture
of war; the traces of draught horses, particularly of
carriages of pleasure.
To HARNESS, hari-ne's, v. a. To dress in armour ;
to fix horses in their traces.
HARP, harp, s. A lyre, an instrument strung with
wire and struck with the finger; a constellation.
To HARP, harp, t;. n. To play on the harp ; to
touch any passion ; to dwell vexatiouslyon one subject.
HARPER, har-pur, s. 98. A player on the harp.
HARFING-IRON, hariplng-Uurn, *. A bearded
diirt with a line fastened to the handle, with which
whales are struck and caught.
HARPOON, har poon,' s. A harping Iron.
HARPSICHORD, harp-se-kord, s. A musical in-
strument.
HARPY, haripe1, s. The harpies were a kind of birdi
which had the faces of women, and foul long claws,
very filthy creatures ; a ravenous wretch.
HARQUEBUSS, har^kwe-b&s, t. Fr. Arquebiibe.
A handgun.
HARQUEBUSSIER, har-kwe-bus-seer/ 5. 275.
One armed with a harquebuss.
HARRIDAN, har-r^-dan, s. A decayed strumpet.
HARROW, har-ro, s. A frame of timbers crossing
each other, and set with teeth.
To HARROW, har-ro, v. a. To break with the
harrow ; to tear up; to rip up ; to pillage, to strip, to
lay waste ; to invade, to harass with incursions ; to dis-
turb, to put into commotion.
HARROWER, harirA-frr, s. He who harrows; a
kind of hawk.
To HARRY, harW, v. a. To tease, to ruffle; in
Scotland, it signifies to rob, plunder, or oppress.
HARSH, harsh, adj. Austere, rough, sour; rough
to the ear; crabbed, morose; peevish; rugged to the
touch ; unpleasing, rigorous.
HARSHLY, harsh-W, adv. Sourly, austerely to the
palate ; with violence, in opposition to gentleness ; se-
verely, morosely, crabbedly ; ruggedly to the ear.
HARSHNESS, harsh-n£s, s. Sourness, austere taste j
roughness to the ear ; ruggedness to the touch ; crab-
bedness, peevishness.
HART, hart, s. A h£-deer of the large kind, the
male of the roe.
HARTSHORN, harts-horn, s. An herb.
HARTSHORN, harts^hirn, *. Spirit drawn from horn
HARVEST, hariv^st, *. The season of re.iping and
gathering the corn ; the com ripened, gathered, and
mned ; the product of labour.
HARVEST-HOME, har-vest-hAme, s. The song
which the reapers sing at the feast made for having
inned the harvest ; the opportunity of gathering trea-
sure.
HARVEST-LORD, har-vSst lord, s. The head rea|>er
at the harvest.
HARVESTER, har-v&-tur, *. One who works at
the harvest.
HARVESTMAN, har-v&st-man, *. A labourer in
harvest.
HAS, haz. The third person singular of the
verb To have.
here is some reason in the custom adopted by the
profound and ingenious author of the Philosophy of Hlie-
torick, where he makes the third persons of verbs end in
th, when the succeeding word begins with s, to avoid the
want of distinction between the final and initial j, and he
fl'ietft several examples of this; but this is only avoiding
in one instance what cannot be avoided iii a thousand ;
and as the lisping sound is not the most respectable part of
our language, and requires more efibrt than the simple
hiss, it may, except in very solemn language, be very well
laid aside.
To HASH, hish, v. a. To mince, to chop into
small pieces and mingle.
HASLET, ha^slSt, 7 *• T"6 heart, liver, and
HARSLET, har-sl£t, J lights of a hog, with t)i«
windpipe and part of the throat to it.
HASP, hasp, s. 79. A clasp folded over a staple,
and fastened as with a padlock.
To HASP, hasp, v. n. To shut with a hasp.
HASSOCK, hasis&k, s. 166. A thick mat on which
men kneel at church.
HAST, hast. The second person singular of
Have.
HASTE, haste, *. 74. Hurry, speed, nimblencs*,
precipitation ; passion, vehemence.
To HASTE, haste, 472. 7
To HASTEN, hA^n, 405. J * "' To m;ike hMU*
to be in a hurry ; to move with twiftncs*.
HALT
242
Ifj- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — me 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m£ve 164,
To HASTE, haste, 7
. i. > v. a. 472. To push for-
To HASTEN, ha^n, 5
want, to urge on, to precipitate.
HASTENER, ha^sn-ur, j. 98. One that hastens or
hurries.
HASTILY, has£t<M4, adv. In a hurry, speedily,
nimbly, quickly ; rashly, precipitately ; passionately,
with vehemence.
HASTINESS, hasit£-n3s, ». Haste, speed, hurry,
precipitation ; angry- tcstineiS, passionate vehemence.
HASTINGS, has-tlngz, s. Pease that come early.
HASTY, has-te^, adj. Quick, speedy j passionate,
vehement; rash, precipitate; early ripe.
HASTY-FUDDING, hasiti-pudiing, «. A pudding
made of milk and flour boiled quick together.
HAT, hat, s. 74. A cover for the head.
HATBAND, hatband, s. 88. A string tied round
the hat.
HATCASE, hat-kase, s. A slight box for a hat.
To HATCH, hatsh, v. a. To produce young from
eggs ; to quicken the eggs by incubation ; to form by
meditation, to contrive ; to shade by lines in drawing
or graving.
To HATCH, hatsh, p. n. To be in the state of
? rowing quick ; to be in a state of advance towards ef •
ect.
HATCH, hatsh, s. A brood excluded from the egg ;
the act of exclusion from the egg ; the disclosure, dis-
covery ; the half-door ; in the plural, the doors or o-
penings by which they descend from one deck or floor
of a ship to another ; to be under hatches, to be in a
state of ignominy, poverty, or depression. In this sense,
it is generally usld in the plural, as, to be under the
hatches, to be iu distress.
To HATCHEL, hakikl, r. a. To beat flax so as to
separate the fibrous from the brittle part.
HATCHEL, hak-kl, s. The instrument with which
flax is beaten.
HATCHELLER, hak-kl-&r, j. A beater of flax.
HATCHET, hatsh-k, s. 99. A small axe.
HATCHET-FACE, hatsh-lt-fase, *. An ugly face.
HATCHMENT, hatsh-m£nt, s. Armorial escutch-
eon placed over a door at a funeral.
HATCHWAY, hatsh-wa, i. The way over or through
the hatches.
To HATE, hate, v. a. 74. To detest, to abhor, to
abominate.
HATE, hate, s. Malignity, detestation.
HATEFUL, hate-C&l, adj. That which causes ab-
horrence ; odious, abhorrent, malignant, malevolent.
HATEFULLY, hatt-ful e", adv. Odiously, abomi-
nably ; malignantly, maliciously.
HATEFULNESS, hate-fil-n^s, s. Odiousness.
HATER, ha-t&r, s. 98. One that hates.
HATH, luWA. The third person singular of the
verb To have ; now seldom used but in solemn compo-
sition.— See Has.
HATRED, ha-tr£d, i. Hate, ill-will, malignity.
To HATTER, hat-ttir, v. a. To harass, to weary.
HATTER, hatitftr, t. 98. A maker of hats.
HATTOCK, hat-t&k, «. 166. A shock of com.
HAUBERK, ha«ib4rk, s. 213. A coat of mail.
To HAVE, hav, v. a. 75. jn-et. and part. pass.
Had. To carry, to wear ; to possess ; to obtain, to en-
joy; to contain; to be a husband or wife to another : it
is most used in English, as in other European languages,
as an auxiliary verb to make the tenses, Have, the prc-
ternerfect, and Had, the preterpluperfect : Have at, or
with, is an expression denoting resolution to make
some attempt.
HAVEN, ha-vn, j. 103. A port, a harbour, a safe
station for ships; a shelter, an asylum.
HAVER, hav-ur, s. 98. Possessor, holder.
HAUGH, haw, i. A little meadow lying in a valley.
ft^p This word, though for apes obsolete, or heard
only in the proper names of yeathcrstonehaugh, fliilijt-
h, Ace. seems to have risen from the dead in the late
whimsical deception we meet with in some gardens where
we are suddenly stopped by a deep vallev wholly imper-
ceptible till we come to the edge of it. Trie expression of
surprise, Hah! Hah! which generally breaks out upon a
discovery of the deception, is commonly supposed to be
the origin of this word ; but the old word havgh is s-o near-
ly related to the signification of the new term haw, haa-,
that it seerrs much the more natural parent of it.
H AUGHT, hawt, adj. Haughty, insolent, proud.
HAUGHTILY, h4w£te-l<J, adv. Proudly, arrogantly.
HAUGHTINESS, haw£t<i-n£s, s. Pride, arrogance.
HAUGHTY, haw^te1, adj. 393. Proud, lofty, inso-
lent, arrogant, contemptuous ; proudly great.
HAVING, hav-ing, s. Possession, estate, fortune;
the act or state of possessing ; behaviour, regularity.
HAVIOUR, ha-vi-frr, s. Conduct, manners.
To HAUL, hawl, v. a. To pull, to draw, to drag
by violence.— See Hale.
^f This word is in more frequent use than the word
To hate, and seems to have a shade of difference in its
meaning. To hale seems to signify the forcing or drag-
ging of a person; and to haul, the forcing or dragging of
a thing; and is generally used in sea business, or on ludi-
crous occasions to a person, as, To pull and haul one a-
boat
HAUL, hawl, s. Pull, violence in dragging.
HAUM, hawm, s. 213. Straw.
HAUNCH, hlnsh, s 214. The thigh, the hind
hip; the rear, the hind part.
To HAUNT, hint, v. a. To frequent, to be much
about any place or person ; it is used frequently in an
ill sense of one that comes unwelcome ; it is eminently
used of apparitions.
IP5" This word was in quiet possession of its true sound,
till a late dramatick piece made its appearance, which, to
the surprise of those who had heard the language spoken
half a century, was, by son e speakers, called the Haunt-
ed Tower. This was certainly the improvement of some
critick in the language; for a plain common speaker
would undoubtedly have pronounced the au, as in aunt,
jaunt, &c. and as it had always been pronounced in the
Drummer, or the Haunted Houie. That this pronuncia-
tion is agreeable to analogy, sec Principles, No. 214.
To HAUNT, hant, v. n. To be much about, to ap-
pear frequently.
HAUNT, hant, i. Place in which one is frequently
found ; habit of being in a certain place.
HAUNTER, hint-fir, s. 98. Frequenter, one that
is often found in any place.
HAVOCK, haviv&k, j. 166. Waste, wide ami ge-
neral devastation.
HAVOCK, hav-v&k, inlay. A word of encourage-
ment to slaughter.
To HAVOCK, havivuk, v. a. To waste, to destroy.
HAUTBOY, Il6-b5e, s. A wind instrument
HAUTBOY, Strawberry, hA-bot*, s. — See Slraw-
berry.
HAUT-GOUT, h6-g66/ S. French. Any thing with
a strong scent.
HAW, haw, s. The berry and seed of the hawthorn ;
a hedge; an excrescence in thetye; a small piece of
ground adjoining to a house.
HAWTHORN, hawi/Aorn, *. The thorn that bears
haws ; the white thorn.
HAWTHORN, hawif/!<jrn, adj. Belonging to tht
white thorn ; consisting of white thorn.
To HAW, haw, v. n. To speak slowly with fre-
quent intermission and hesitation.
HAWK, hawk, *. A bird of prey, used much an-
ciently in sport to catch other birds ; ail effort to force
phlegm up the throat.
To HAWK, hawk, i;. n. To fly hawks at fowls ;
to fly at, to attack on the wing ; to force up phlegm
with a noise; to sell by proclaiming in the streets.
HAWKED, haw-k£d, adj. 366. Formed like a
hawk's bill.
HAWKER, haw^kBr, s. 98. One who sells wares u»
proclaiming them in the streets.
HAWKWEED, hawk-w&d, s. A plant
HAWSES, hawislz, *. 99. Two round holes under
a ship't head or beak, through which the cables pis*.
HEA
243
HEA
HAYMAKER, ha-ma-kur, s. One employed in drying
grass for hay.
HAZARD, haz'&rd, s. 88. Chance, accident; dan-
•er, chance of danger ; a game at dice.
To HAZARD, haz-ftrd, v. a. To expose to chance.
To HAZARD, haz-urd, v. n.
to adventure.
To try the chance,
HAZARDABLE, haziur-da-bl, adj. Venturesome,
liable to chance.
HAZARDER, hazi&r-d&r, s. He who hazards.
HAZARDRY, haziur-drt*, s. Temerity, precipitation.
HAZARDOUS, haziur-dus, adj. Dangerous, ex-
posed to chance.
HAZARDOUSLY, hazifir-dus-le, adj. With danger
or chance.
HAZE, haze, s. Fog, mist.
HAZEL, ha-zl, s. 102. A nut-tree.
HAZEL, ha-zl, adj. Light brown, of the colour of hazel.
HAZELLY, ha^zl-e, adj. Of the colour of hazel, a
light brown.
HAZY, ha-zi, adj. Dark, foggy, misty.
HE,
pronoun, oblique case, Him ; plur.
'
They ; oblique case, 'I hem. The man that was named
before; the man, the person; man, or male being;
male, as, a He bear, a He goat.
HEAD, hed, s. 234. The part of the animal that
contains the brain, or the organ of sensation or thought ;
chief, principal person, one to whom the rest are su-
bordinate ; place of honour, the first place ; under-
standing, faculties of the mind ; resistance, hostile op-
position; state of a deer's horns, by which his age is
the top of any thing bigger than the rest; the
posit
kno
nor 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bill 173 — 511 299— pound SIS— //tin 466 — THis 469.
HAY, ha, s. Grass dried to fodder cattle in winter ; HEADY, h£did£, adj. Rash, precipitate, hasty,
a kind oj dance. violent ; apt to affect the head.
To HEAL, hele, v. a. 227. To cure a person ; to
restore from hurt, sickness, or wound; to reconcile; as,
he healed jll dissensions.
To HEAL, hele, v. n. To grow well.
HEALER, hele-ur, s. One who cures or heals.
HEALING, h^le-ing, part. adj. Mild, mollifying,
gentle, assuasive.
HEALTH, \\k\tli, s. 234. Freedom from bodily pain
or sickness ; welfare of mind, purity, goodness ; salva-
tion, prosperity ; wish of happiness in drinking.
HEALTHFUL, heU/t-fil, adj. Free from sickness ;
well-disposed, wholesome, salubrious; salutary, pro-
ductive of salvation.
HEALTHFULLY, h&t/i'-(ul-l&, adv. In health,
wholesomely.
HEALTHFULNESS, h£UA-ful-n&, s. state of being
well; wholesomeness.
HEALTHILY, h&\th'-&-l£, adv. Without sickness.
HEALTHINESS, he.lM^e-n£s, s. The state of health.
HEALTHLESS, h&\t/t-\&s, adj. Weak, sickly, infirm.
HEALTHSOME, heU/»-sum, atfi. Wholesome, sa-
lutary.
HEALTHY, h&\th'-&, adj. In health, free from sick-
ness.
HEAP, he.pe, s. 227. Many single things thrown
together, a pile; a crowd, a throng, a rabble; cluster,
number driven together.
To HEAP, h£pe, v. a. To throw on heaps, to pile,
to throw together; to accumulate, to lay up; to add to
something else.
HEAPER, he-pur, s. 98. One that makes piles or
heaps.
HEAPY, h&p£, aitf. Lying in heaps.
To HEAR, here, v. n. 227. To enjoy the sense by
which words are distinguished ; to listen, to hearken ;
to be told, to have an account.
To HEAR, here, v. a. To perceive by the ear ; to
give an audience, or allowance to speak ; to attend, to
listen to, to obey ; to try, to attend judicially ; to attend
favourably ; to acknowledge.
HEARD, herd, 234. The pret. of To Hear.
J£y* We frequently hear this word pronounced so as
to rhyme with feared. But if this were the true sound,
it ought to be written heared, and considered as regular ;
the short sound like herd is certainly the true pro-
nunciation, and the verb is irregular. Mr. Sheridan, Mr.
Nares, Mr. Smith, and W. Johnston, mark the word as 1
have done.
HEARER, here-ur, s. 98. One who attends to any
doctrine or discourse.
HEARING, h&re-ing, s. The sense by which sounds
are perceived ; audience ; judicial trial ; reach of the ear.
To HKARKEN, har-kn, v. n. 103. 243. To listen
by way of curiosity ; to attend, to pay regard.
HEARKENER, liar-kn-ur, s. Listener, one that
hearkens.
HEARSAY, hereisa, s. Report, rumour.
HEARSE, h£rse, s. 234. A carriage in which the
dead are conveyed to the grave ; a temporary monu-
ment set over a grave.
HEART, hart, s. 243. The muscle which by it*
contraction and dilatation propels the blood through
the course of circulation, and is therefore considered as
the source of vital motion ; the chief part, the vital
part ; the inner part of any thing ; courage, spirit ; scat
of love ; affection, inclination ; memory ; To rind in the
heart, to be not wholly averse : secret meaning, hidden
intention ; conscience, sense of good or ill ; it is much
used in composition for mind or affection.
HEART-ACH, hart-ate, s. 355. Sorrow, pang, an-
guish.
HEART-BREAK, hart-brake, s. Overpowering sor.
row.
HEART-BREAKER, hart-bra-kur, s. A cant name
for a woman's curls.
HEART-CREAKING, hart-bra-klng, adj. OMI-
powering with sorrow.
forepart of any thine, as of a ship ; that which rises on
the top of liquors ; the upper part of a bed ; dress of the
head; principal topicks of a discourse; source of a
stream; crisis, pitch; it is very improperly applied to
roots.
To HEAD, hSd, c. a. To lead, to influence, to di-
rect, to govern ; to behead, to kill by taking away the
head ; to fit any thing with a head, or principal part ;
to lop trees at the top.
HEADACH, hediake, s. 355. Pain in the head.
HEADBAND, h£diband, s. A fillet for the head, a
top-knot ; the band to each end of a book.
HEADBOROUGH, hedibur-rci, s. A constable, a
subordinate constable.
HEADDRESS, hed'dr£s, s. The covering of a wo-
man's head ; any thing resembling a head-dress.
HEADER, hedi'd&r, s. 98. One that heads nails or
pins, or the like ; the first brick in the angle.
HEADINESS, hedMe-nes, s. Hurry, rashness, stub-
bornness, precipitation, obstinacy.
HEADLAND, hed-lind, *. Promontory, cape ;
ground under hedges.
HEADLESS, hedges, adj. Without a head, behead-
ed; without a chief; obstinate, inconsiderate, ignorant.
HEADLONG, hed-15ng, adj. Rash, thoughtless;
sudden, precipitate.
HEADLONG, hedging, adv. With the head fore-
most ; rashly, without thought, precipitately ; hastily,
without delay or respite.
HEADPIECE, hed-peese, s. Armour for the head,
helmet; understanding, force of mind.
HEADQUARTERS, hed-kwariturz, s. The place of
general rendezvous, or lodgment for soldiers, where the
commander in chief takes up h>s quarters.
HEADSHIP, hud-ship, s. Dignity, authority, chief
place.
HEADSMAN, hedziman, s. 88. Executioner.
HEADSTALL, hed-stall, s. 406. Part of the bridle
that covers the head.
HEADSTONE, hed-stone, s. The first or capital stone.
HEADSTRONG, hedistrong, adj. Unrestrained,
violent, ungovernable.
HEADWORKM AN, hed-wurk-man, ». The foreman.
HEA
2-H
IIEB
»> 559. Fate 73, far 77, fa'l 83, ft: 81— mi 93, m&t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, more 164,
HEART-BREAKING, hart-bra-klng, s. Overpower-
ing grief.
HEART-BURNED, hartiburnd, adj. Having the
heart inflamed.
HEART-BURNING, hart-bur-nlng, s. Pain at the
stomach, commonly from an acrid humour; discon-
tent, secret enmity.
HEART-DEAR, bArt-d<*rx>, adj. Sincerely beloved.
HEART-EASE, hartieze, s. Quiet, tranquillity.
HEART EASING, hart^z-lng, adj. Giving quiet.
HEARTFELT, hart-fJlt, adj Felt in the conscience,
felt at the heart.
HEART-PEAS, hartipeze, s. A plant,
HEART-SICK, hart-slk, adj. Pained in mind ;
mortally ill, hurt in the constitution.
HEARTS-EASE, harts^ze, *. A plant.
HEAKT-STRINGS, hart-strlngz, s. The tendons or
nerves supposed to brace and sustain the heart.
HEART-STRUCK, hart-str&k, adj. Driven to the
heart, infixed for ever in the mind ; shocked with fear
or dismay.
HEART-SWELLING, hart£sw5l-llng, adj. Rank-
ling in the mind.
HEART-WHOLE, hart-whole, adj. 397. With the
affections yet unfixed ; with the vitals yet unimpaired.
HEART- WOUNDED, hiri£w56n-d£d, adj. Filled
with passion of love or grief.
HEARTED, harti£d, adj. Only used in composition,
as, hard-hearted.
To HEARTEN, hart'tn, v. a. 243. To encourage,
to animate, to stir up ; to meliorate with manure.
HEARTH, hartA, *. 243. The pavement of a room
where a fire is made.
55" Till I had inspected the Dictionaries, I could not
conceive there were two pronunciations of this word ; but
now I find that Mr. EJpninston, W. Johnston, and Bu-
chanan, sound the diphthong as in earth and dearth ; while
Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Mr.
I'-erry, ami Mr. Barclay, give it as I have done.
HEARTILY, harite-le, adj. Sincerely, actively, di-
ligently, vigorously ; from the heart, fully ; eagerly,
with desire.
HEARTINESS, hlrit£-n£s, s. Sincerity, freedom
from hypocrisy ; vigour, diligence, strength.
HEARTLESS, hart-le's, adj. Without courage, spirit-
less.
HEARTLESSLY, hart-le!s-l£, adv. Without cou-
rage, faintly, timidly.
HEARTLESSNESS, hart-leVneX s. Want of cou-
rage or spirit, dejection of mind.
HEARTY, har't£, adj. 24ft. Sincere, undissembled,
warm, zealous; in full health ; vigorous, strong.
HEARTY-HALE, harite-hale, adj. Good for the
heart.
HEAT, h^te, s. 227. The sensation caused by the
approach or touch of fire ; the cause of the sensation of
burning ; hot weather ; state of any body under the
action of fire ; one violent action uhinterinitted ; the
state of being once hot ; a course at a race ; pimples in
the face, flush ; agitation of sudden or violent passion ;
faction, contest, party rage ; ardour of thought or elo-
cution.
To HEAT, h£te, V. a. To make hot, to endue with
the power of burning; to cause to ferment; to make
the constitution feverish ; to warm with vehemence
of passion or desire ; to agitate the blood and spirits
with action.
To HEAT, hete, v. n. To grow hot
HEATER, he-tur, *. 98. An iron made hot, and
put into a box-iron, to smooth and plait linen.
HEATH, heYA, *. 227. A plant ; a place overgrown
with heath ; a place covered with shrubs of whatever
kind.
HEATH-COCK, h&A-k&k, J. A large fowl that fre-
quents heaths.
HEATH PEAS, he^ipeze, *. A si>ecies of bitter
vetch.
HEATH-ROSE, he/A-roze, t. A plant.
HEATHEN, he-THn, *. 227. The gentiles, the pa-
gans, the nations unacquainted with the covenant of
grace.
HEATHEN, he^THn, adj. 103. Gentile, pagan.
HEATHENISH, he-Tun-ish, adj. Belonging to tin
gentiles ; will, savage, rapacious, cruel.
HEATHENISHLY, he-THn-lsh-le, adv. After tin
manner of heathens.
[IEATHENISM, he-THn-lzm, *.
ganism.
Gentilism, pa.
HEATHY,
, adj. Full of heath.
To HEAVE, heve, v. a. 227- jtret. Heaved, an-
ciently Hove; part. Heaved or Hoven. To lift, to
raise from the ground ; to carry ; to cause to swell ; to
force up from the breast ; to exalt, to elevate.
To HEAVE, heve, v. n. To pant, to breathe with
pain ; to labour ; to raise with pain, to swell and fall
to keck, to feel a tendency to vomit.
HEAVE, heVe, j. Lift, exertion or effort upwards ;
rising of the breast ; effort to vomit; struggle to rise.
HEAVEN, heV-vn, s. 103. 234. The regions a-
bove, the expanse of the sky ; the habitation of God,
good angels, and pure souls departed; the supreme
power, the sovereign of heaven.
HEAVEN-BORN, h£v£vn-born, adj. Descended
from the celestial regions.
HEAVEN-BRED, hev-vn-bre'd, adj. Produced or
cultivated in heaven.
HEAVEN-BUILT, heVvn-bilt, adj. Built by the
agency of the gods.
HEAVEN-DIRECTED, heVvn-de-r£k't£d, adj.
Raised towards the sky ; taught bythe powers ofhea\en.
HEAVENLY, he\--vn-l£, adj. Resembling heaven,
supremely excellent ; celestial, inhabiting heaven.
HEAVENLY, he/v-vn-le^, adv. In a manner resenv
bling that of heaven ; by the agency or influence ol
heaven.
HEAVENWARD, he'v-vn-ward, adv. Towards hea-
ven.
HEAVILY, b£v£e-l£, adv. WTith great weight ;
grievously, afflictively ; sorrowfully, with an air of de-
jection.
HEAVINESS, he'v^-ne's, s. The quality of being
heavy, weight ; dejection of mind, depression of spirit ;
inaptitude to motion or thought ; oppression ; crush,
affliction ; deepness or richness of soil.
HEAVY, he^vi, adj. 234. Weighty, tending strong-
ly to the centre ; sorrowful, dejected, depressed ; griev-
ous, oppressive, afflictive; wanting spirit or rapidity
of sentiment, unanimated; wanting activity, indolent,
lazy; drowsy, dull, torpid; slow, slufgish ; stupid,
foolish; burdensome, troublesome, tedious; 1< aded,
encumbered, burdened ; not easily digested ; rich in
soil, fertile, as, heavy lands; deep, cumbersome, as,
heavy roads.
HEAVY, heVive1, adv. As an adverb it is only u.<cd
in composition, heavily.
HEBDOMAD, h£lAi6 mad, s. A week, a space of
seven days.
HEBDOMADAL, h£b-d&mia dal, 518. ~i
HEBDOMADARY, l.eb dom-a-dar-e5, J
Weekly, consisting of seven days.
To HEBETATE, he'b^-tate, v. a. To dull, to
blunt, to stupify.
HEBETATION, h^b-^-ta-shun, s. The act of dull-
the state of being dulled.
HEBETUDE,
bluntness.
Dulness, obtuseness.
HEBRAISM, h£bira-Izm, *. 835. A Hebrew idkra.
HEBREW, j)<5-broo, *. A descendant of Heber, an
Israelite, a" Jew ; Ihe language of the Hebrews.
HEBRAIST, heb-ra-ist, s. 503. A man skilled m
Hebrew.
ftj" 1 have differed from Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and
Mr. I'erry, in the quantity of the first syllable of this and
the preceding word, and think I am not only authorized by
analogy, but the best usage. It may be observed, that
there is not a more uniform analogy in the language, than
that of shortening the first syllable of a primitive of ihrct
syllables with the accent on the first, 503 fc
1IEF
HEL
nor 167, not 163— tibe 171, tfib 172, bfill 173 — 511 299— po&nd 313— thin 466— THis 469:
HEBRICIAN, hi-brlsbiin, s. One skilful in He- HEGIRA, he-jKra, or h&Kje-ra, *. A term in chro-
nology, signifying the epocha, or account of time, avit
by the Arabians, who begin from the day that Mahomet
was forced to escape from Mecca, July sixteenth, A. I).
six hundred and twenty-two.
IC5" The latter pronunciation is adopted by Dr. John-
son, Barclay, and Bailey; and the former by Mr. Sheri-
dan, Dr. Ash, Mr. Scott, and Mr. I'erry. The latter, I
am informed, is the pronunciation of Oriental scholars,
though the former is not only more agreeable to the ear,
but seems to fall in with those Arabic Spanish names, Jla-
mircz, Almlra, &e- as well as the Grecian Ttiuchira, Tliy-
atira, Dtfanira, &c.
HEIFER, h£l-f&r, s. 98. 254. A young cow.
HEIGHHO, bl-hA, interject. An expression of slight
languor and uneasiness.
HEIGHT, htte, or hate, .«. 253. Elevation above
theground ; degree of altitude ; summit, ascent, tower-
ing eminence; elevation of rank ; the utmost degree;
utmost exertion ; state of excellence ; advance towards
perfection.
£5" The first of these modes is the most general ; and
the last, the most agreeable to the spelling. Milton was
the patron of the first, and in his zeal for analogy, as Dr.
brew.
HECATOMB, b£kia-t6om, *. A sacrifice of an hun-
dred cattle.
HKCTICAL, , ,. ,
HECTICK, h£Utlk, 509. f ad->' Habltua1' constitu-
tional ; troubled with a morbid heat.
HECTICK, h&kitlk, s. A hectick fever.
HECTOR, bSkit&r, *. 418. 166. A bully; a Mus-
tering, turbulent, noisy fellow.
To HECTOR, h^k-t&r, v. a. To threaten, to treat
with insolent terms.
To HECTOR, be'k-t&r, r. n. To play the bully
HEDERACEOUS, h3d-e>-aish&s, adj. Producing ivy.
HEDGE, h£dje, s. A fence made round grounds
with prickly bushes.
HEDGE, heaje, s. Prefixed to any word, signifies
something mean.
To HEDGE, h£dje, v. a. To enclose with a hedge ;
to obstruct; to encircle for defence : to shut up within
an enclosure; to force into a place already full.
To HEDGE, hSdje, v . n. To shift, to hide the head.
HEDGE-BORN, bAIju-bSrn, adj. of no known birth,
meanly born.
HEDGE-FUMITORY, h£dje-f6imcS-t&r-£, s. A plant.
HEDGEHOG, b£djc£h&g, S. An animal set with
prickles like thorns in a hedge ; a term of reproach ; a
plant.
HEDGE- HYSSOP, h£dje-biz£z&p, *. A species of
willow-wort. — See Hyssop.
HEDGE-MUSTARD, li£dje-m&sitard, s. A plant.
HEDGE-NOTE, b£dje-n6te, *. A word of contempt
for low poetry.
HKDGEPIG, be'djeiplg, s. A young hedgehog.
HEDGE-ROW, h&lju-rA, s. The series of trees or
bushes planted for enclosures.
HEDGE-SPARROW, hedje-spiirirA, j. A sparrow
that lives in bushes.
HEDGING-BILL, h£djeMng-bil, $. A cutting hook
used in trimming hedges.
HEDGER, he'dje'&r, s. One who makes hedges.
To HEED, hWd, v. a. 246. To mind, to regard,
to take notice of, to attend.
HEED, hWd, s. Care, attention ; caution ; care to
avoid; notice, observation; seriousness; regard, re-
spectful notice.
HEEDFUL, heed'ful, adj. Watchful, cautious, sus-
picious; attentive, careful, observing.
HEEDFULLY, li^4d-ful-<J, adv. Attentively, care-
fully, cautiously.
HEEDFULNESS, h<Wd-f4l- n3s, S. Caution, vigi-
lance.
HEEDILY, liWd-6-li, adi>. Cautiously, vigilantly.
HEEDINESS, bedd-^-nes, 5. Caution, vigilance.
HEEDLESS, Ii££d-l£s, adj. Negligent, inattentive,
careless.
HEEDLESSLY, heed-l£s-le, adv. Carelessly, negli-
gently.
HEF.DLESSNESS, li£ed'l£s-n£s, S. Carelessness, neg-
ligence, inattention.
HEEL, he&, s. 246. The part of the foot that pro-
tuberates behind ; the feet employed in flight; to beat
the heels, to pursue closely, to fallow hard ; to lay by
the heels, to fetter, to shad; le, to put in gyves ; the back
part of a stocking, whence the phrase, to be out at the
heels, to be worn out.
To HEEL, hie1!, v. n. To dance ; to lean on one
side, as, the shin heels.
HEELER, b&l-dr, j. A cock that strikes well with
his heels.
HEEL-PIKCE, h££I-p£se, s. A piece fixed on the
hinder part of the shoe.
To HEEL-PIECE, h&£p£w, v. a. To put a piece
of leather on a shoe-hceL
HliFT, li£it, I. Heaving, effort ; for haft, handle.
ogy,
Johnson says, spelt the word heighth. This is still the pro
nunciation of the vulgar, and seems at first sight the most
agreeable to analogy ; but though the sound of the adjec-
tive high is generally preserved in the abstract height, the
h is always placed before the t, and is perfectly mute. Mr.
Garrick's pronunciation (and which is certainly the best)
was hite.—See Drought.
To HEIGHTEN, hl-tn, v. a. 103. To raise higher ;
to improve, to meliorate ; to aggravate ; to improva
by decorations.
HEINOUS, hainfis, adj. 249. Atrocious, wicked In
a high degree.
K^f Mr. Sheridan gives the long sound of e to the first
syllable of this word, contrary to every Dictionary, to ana-
logy, and, I think, to the best usage ; which, if 1 am not
mistaken, always gives the first syllable of this word the
sound of slender a. That this was the sound of this syl-
lable formerly, we may gather from the spelling of it : for
in Charles the Second's time, Mr. Baxter is accused by
Mr. Danvers of publishing the hainous charge against the
Baptists, of baptizing naked.
HEINOUSLY, ha-nfis-1^, adv. Atrociously, wickedly.
HEINOUSNESS, ha-n&s-nes.s. Atrociousness, wicked-
ness.
HEIR, are, s. 249. 394. One that is inheritor of
any thing after the present possessor.
HEIRESS, areils, s. 99. An inheritrix, a woman
that inherits.
HEIRLESS, are-lSs. adj. Without an air.
HEIRSHIP, areishlp, s. The state, character, or
privileges of an heir.
HEIRLOOM, art-loom, s. Any furniture or move-
ables decreed to descend by inheritance, and therefor*
inseparable from the freehold.
HELD, bSld. Thejrret. and part. pass, of Ho!.i.
HELIACAL, h£-ll-a-kal, adj. Emerging from ilia
lustre of the sun, or falling into it.
HELICAL, b^W-kSl, adj. Spiral, with many cir-
cumvolutions.
adj. Belong-
HELIOSCOPE, ht^le-A-skope, s. A sort oftdescope
fitted so as to look on the body of the sun without 01-
fence to the eyes.
HELIOTROPE, h£M£-6-trApe, s. A plant that turns
towards the sun, but more particularly the turniol, or
sun-flower.
HELIX, heMiks, ». A spiral line.
HELL, hel, *. The place of the devil and wiekcd
souls; the place of separate souls, whether good or
bad ; the place at a running play, to which those who
are caught are carried ; the place into which a tailor
throws nis shreds; the infernal powers.
HELLEBORE, h£l-l£-b6re, S. Christmas flower.
HELLENISM, b£Wd-nlzm, s. An idiom of tht
Greek.
HELLISH, li£l-llsh, adj. Having the qualities ol.-
hell, infernal, wicked ; sent from hell, belong ng to n«lU
2E
HEI.IOCENTRICK,
ing to the centre of the sun.
HEN
246
HER
t> 559. Fate 73, far 77, fail 83, fit 81— m^ 93
HELLISHLY, h£l-llsh-l£, ado. Infernally, wickedly.
HELLISHNESS, h£l'llsh-n£s, s. Wickedness, ab-
horred qualities.
HELLWARD, h^Uward, adv. Towards hell.
HELM, h51m, S. A covering for the head in war ;
the part of a coat of arms that bears the crest ; the up-
per part of the retort ; the steerage, the rudder ; the
station of government.
To HELM, hllm, v. a. To guide, to conduct.
HELMED, h£lmd, adj. 359. Furnished with a
head-piece.
HELMET, hllimlt, 3. 99. A helm, a head-piece.
To HELP, heMp, v. a. jrrct. Helped or Holp ;
part. Helped or Holpen. To assist, to support, to aid ;
to remove, or advance by help ; to relieve from pain or
disease; to remedy, to change for the better; to for-
bear, to avoid ; to promote, to forward j to help to, to
supply with, to furnish with.
To HELP, he'lp, v. n. To contribute assistance ; to
bring a supply.
HELP, h6lp, J. Assistance, aid, support, succour ;
that which forwards or promotes; that which gives
help ; remedy.
HELPER, h£lp'&r, s. 98. An assistant, an auxili-
ary ; one that administers remedy ; a supernumerary
servant ; one that supplies with any thing wanted.
HELPFUL, h&pif&l, adj. Useful, that gives assist-
ance ; wholesome, salutary.
HELPLESS, h31pil3s, adj. Wanting power to suc-
cou» one's self; wanting support or assistance; irre-
mediable, admitting no help.
HELPLESSLY, h£lp-l£s-l<£, adv. Without succour.
HELPLESSNESS, hllp-16s-n3s, sv Want of succour.
HELTER-SKELTER, h£|£t&r-sk£litur, adv. In a
hurry, without order.
HELVE, h£lv, s. The handle of an axe.
HEM, h&m, ». The edge of a garment doubled and
sewed to keep the threads from spreading ; the noise
uttered by a sudden and violent expiration of the
breath : infer/. Hem !
To HEM, h£m, t>. a. To close the edge of cloth by
a hem, or double border sewed together; to border, to
edge ; to enclose, to environ, to confine, to shut.
To HEM, h£m, v. n. To utter a noise by violent
expulsion of the breath.
HEMIPLEGY, b£m-£-pl£d-je, *. A palsy, or any
nervous affection relating thereunto, that seizes one
side at a time.
HEMISPHERE, hSm^-stere, s. The half of a globe
when it is supposed to be cut through its centre in the
plane of one of its greatest circles.
HEMISPHERICAL, h£m-£-sf£r-!k-al, 509.
HEMISPHERIC^, h&m-d-sfer-lk,
Half-round, containing half a globe.
HEMISTICK, hd-niis-tlk, s. .509. Haifa verse.
" The dawn is overcast." Cato.
HEMLOCK, h£m-16k, s. An herb.
HKMOPTOSIS, h£-mSp-t6is]s, 503, c. 7
HEMOPTYSIS, h^-m&pk£-sls, 520. j **
spitting of blood.
HEMORRHAGE, h£mio-ra 'je,
HEMORRHAGY, h&
of blood.
HEMORRHOIDS, h£m-5r-n>ldz, s. The piles, the
emerods.
HEMORRHOIDAL, hem-5r-r<Md'al, adj. Belong-
ing to the veins in the fundament.
HEMP, h£mp, s. A fibrous plant of which coarse
linen and ropes are made.
HEMPEN, h£m-pn, adj. 103. Made of hemp.
HEN, h£n, s. The female of a bouse- cock; the fe-
male of any bird.
HEX-HEARTED, hen-har-t£d, adj. Dastardly,
cowardly.
HEN-PECKED, hSn-pSkt, adj. 359. Governed by
the wiitfc
'je, 7
-jo, $
The
A violent flux
m5t95— pine 105, pin 107— nd> 162, mive!64,
HEN-ROOST, h&n^r&Sst, *. The place where iht
poultry rest.
HENBANE, h£n-bane, s. A plant.
HENCE, h£nse, adv. or interj. From this place to
another: away, to a distance ; at a distance, in another
place ; for this reason, in consequence of this ; from this
cause, from this ground; from this source, from thi»
original, from this store ; from hence, is a vitious ex-
pression.
HENCEFORTH, b&ase'-t&rth, adv. From this time
forward.
HENCEFORWARD, h3nse-foriward, adv. From this
time to futurity.
HENCHMAN, li§nsh-m&n, s. A page, an attendant.
To HEND, h£nd, v. a. To seize, to lay hold on ;
to crowd, to surround.
HENDECAGON, h£n-d3k'a-g5n, «. A figure of
eleven sides or angles.
HENDECASYLLABLE, h3n-d£k£a-sll-la-bl, s. A
line or verse consisting of eleven syllables.
HENDIADIS, h^n-di-E-dls, *. A common figure by
which a substantive is used as an adjective ; as, an ani-
mal of the dog kind.
HEPATICAL, hd-pat^-kal, 7 adj. Belonging to th*
HEPATICK, h£-pat'ik, 5O9. $ liver.
HEPS, hips, s. The fruit of the dog-rose, commonly
written Hips.
HEPTAGON, h£p-ta-g5n, s. A figure with seven
sides or angles.
HEPTAGONAL, h£p-tag£6-nal, adj. Having seven
angles or sides.
HEPTARCHY, h3p£tlr-k4, *. A sevenfold govern-
ment.
HER, hfir, pron. 98. Belonging to a female ; the
oblique case of She.
HERS, hurz, jn-on. This is used when it refers to a
substantive going before ; as, such are her charms, such
charms are hers.
HERALD, h^riald, s. An officer whose business it
is to register genealogies, adjust ensigns armorial, re-
gulate funerals, and anciently to carry messages between
princes, and proclaim war and peace ; a precursor, a
forerunner, a narbinger.
To HERALD, h&r-ild, v. a. To introduce as a
herald.
HERALDIC, h^-rald-Ik, adj. Relating to heraldry.
HERALDRY, h^al-dre, s. The art or offico oi a
lie aid ; blazonry.
HERB, £rb, s. 394. Herbs are those plants whose
stalks are soft, and have nothing woody in them, »>
grass and hemlock.
85* 1 have differed from Mr. Sheridan by suppressing
the sound of the ft in this word and its compound her-
bage ; and have Mr. Nares, Mr. Perry, and VV. Johnston,
on my side.
HERBACEOUS, h^r-ba'sh&s, adj. 356. Belonging
to herbs ; feeding on vegetables.
HERBAGE, £r-bldje, s. 90 394. Herbs collectively
grass pasture ; the tithe and ihe right of pasture.
IlEUliAL, h£r~bal, s. A book containing the names
and description of plants.
HERBALIST, hdr-ba list, s. A man skilled in herbs.
HERBARIST, he'riba-rist, s. One skilled in herbs.
HERBELET, heV-be-let, $. A small herb.
HERBESCENT, h£r-bes-s£nt, adj. 510. Growing
into herbs.
HERBID, h4r-bid, adj. Covered with herbs.
HEHBOUS, h^r-b&s, adj. Abounding with herbs.
HERBULENT, h£r-b&.l£nt, adj. Containing herbs.
HERBWOMAN, £rb-wum-uu, s. 394. A woman
that sells herbs.
HERKY, firb^, ailj. 394. Having the nature of
herbs.
HERD, hdrd, s, A number of beasts together ; a
company of men, in contempt, or detestation ; it an-
ciently signified a keeper of cattle, a sense still r?tau.t*4
in composition, as goat-herd.
HER
247
nir 167, n&t 163— tiabe 171, lib 172, bull 173—611 299 — poind 313— thin 466 — THJS 4691
To HERD, herd, v. n. To run in herds or compa-
tiles ; to associate.
HERDGROOM, herd-gr5om, s. A keeper o"f herds.
HERDMAN, h^rd-mSn, ? s. 88. One employed
HERDSMAN, h£rdz-min, £ in tending herds.
HERE, b£re, adv. In this place ; in the present state.
HEREABOUTS, h^reia-bouts, adv. About this place.
HEREAFTER, here-aP-tur, adv. In a future state.
HEREAT, h^re-at,' adv. At this.
HEREBY, hdre-bl,' adv. By this.
HEREDITABLE, he-r£d-<*-ta-bl, adj. Whatever
may be occupied as inheritance.
HEREDITAMENT, h£r-£-dit-i-m5nt, *. A law
term denoting inheritance.
J£5" Dr- Johnson and Mr. Barclay place the accent on
thenrst syllable of this word ; Dr. Ash, Mr. Sheridan,
Mr. Scott, and Entick, on the second ; and Dr. Keurick,
W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, and Bailey, on the third. The
last accentuation is not only most agreeable to the best
usage, and the most grateful to the ear, but seems to ac-
cord better with the secondary accent of the latter Latin
Iftcreditamtnta. — See Academy.
HEREDITARY, h^-rM^e-ta-re, adj. Possessed or
claimed by right of inheritance ; descending by inheri-
tance.
HEREDITARILY, he-r£d^-ta-rt*-le, adv. By in-
heritance.
HEREIN, h£re-ln,' adv. In this.
HEREMITICAL, h£r-e-mlt-ik-al, adj. Solitary,
suitable to a hermit.
HEREOF, h£re-6iy adv. From this, of this. — See
Forthwith.
HEREON, h£re-5n,' adv. Upon this.
HEREOUT, h£re-6ut,' adv. Out of this.
HERESY, k&ti-ad, s. An opinion of private men
different from that of the catholick and orthodox cnurch.
ElERESlARCH, h£ re-zh^-ark, s. 451. A leader in
heresy. — See Kcdcsiatttick.
Hl'.RETICK, h£ri4-tik, *. 510. One who propa-
gates his private opinions in opposition to thecatholick
church.
HERETICAL, h&-r£t-<*-kal, adj. Containing heresy.
HERETICALLY, he-r£t-e-kal-l£, adv. With heresy.
HERETO, h£re-too' ? .
HEREUNTO, hAre-ftn-tSA,' { *** To tlus'
HERETOFORE, h^re-too-Mre/ adv. Formerly, an-
ciently.
HEREWITH, h^re-wl//;/ adv. With this See
Forthwith.
HERITABLE, herie-ta-bl, ndj. Capable of being
inherited.
HERITAGE, h£r-i-taje, s. 90. Inheritance, estate
devolved by succession ; in divinity, the people of God.
HERMAPHRODITE, h£r.maf-fro-dlte, 4. 155. An
animal uniting two sexes.
HERMAPHRODITICAL, her-maf-fro-dltie-kal, adj.
Partaking of both sexes.
HERMETICAL, h£r-m£tie-kal, 7 .
HERMETICK, h^r-m^ik, 509, \ " (
HERMETICALLY, h^r-m^t-e-kil-e, adv. Accord-
ing to the hermetieal or chymick art.
HERMIT, h£rimit, s. A solitary, an anchoret, one
who retires from society to contemplation and devo-
tion ; a beadsman-, one bound to pray for another.
HERMITAGE, h£rimlt-aje, s. 9O. The cell or ha-
bitation of a hermit.
Hr.RMITESS, h£r-m!t t&s, s. A woman retired to
devotion.
HKRMITICAL, h^r-mlt-^-kal, adj. Suitable to a
hermit.
HEUN, hern, s. Contracted from Heron.
HERNIA, hdr-ne-a, s. Any kind of rupture.
IJpRO, he-ro, s. A man eminent for bravery; a
man of the highest class in any respect.
HEROICAL, hd-r&e kal, adj. Befitting a hero>
heroick.
HEROICALLY, hi-ro-^-kal-e, adv. After the way
of a hero.
HEROICK, h£-r6-ik, adj. Productive of heroes ;
noble, suitable to a hero, brave, magnanimous; recit-
ing the acts of heroes.
HEROICKLY, he-ro-ik-l£, adv. Suitably to a hero.
HEROINE, h^r-A-ln, s. 535. A female hero.
HEROISM, h£r£o-izm, s. 535. The qualities or
character of a hero.
HERON, h£r-&n, s. 166. A bird that feeds upon
fish.
HERONRY, hlri&n-r^, 166.7 *. A place where
HERONSHAW, h£r-un-shaw,$ herons breed.
HERPES, h£r-plz, s. A cutaneous inflammation.
HERRING, h£r-rlng, s. A small sea-fish.
HERS, h&rz, pronoun. The female possessive, used
without its substantive ; as, this is her house, this home
is hers.
HERSE, h£rse, s. A temporary monument raised
over a grave j the carriage in which corpses are drawn
to the grave.
To HERSE, b5rse, v. a. To put into a herse.
HERSELF, hSr-s^lf'/ jrron. The female personal
pronoun, in the oblique cases reciprocal.
HERSELIKE, h&rse-llke, adj. Funereal, suitable to
funerals.
HESITANCY, h5z-£-tan-s£, s. Dubiousness, uncer-
tainty.
To HESITATE, h£z-£-tate, v. n. To be doubtful;
to delay, to pause.
HESITATION, h£z-£-ta-sh&n, s. Doubt, uncertain-
ty, difficulty made ; intermission of speech, want ol
volubility.
HEST, hist, s. Command, precept, injunction.
HETEROCLITE, h£t-dr-6-kllte, s. 156. Such nouns
as vary from the common forms of declension ; any
thing or person deviating from the common rule.
Jt^» Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Mr. Perry,
Buchanan, Barclay, and Bailey, unite in placing the ac-
cent on the first syllable of this word ; Entick alone plait*
it on the third. Mr. Sheridan and Buchanan place an ac-
cent also on the last syllable, and make the i long ; while
Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Perry make it short. That the ac-
cent ought to be on the first syllable cannot be doubted,
when we consider how uniformly we remove the accent
higher when we anglicise Latin words by shortening them :
and though the i in these terminations is rather ambigu-
ous, lf>S, it certainly inclines to the long sound which Mr.
Sheridan and Buchanan have given it — See Academy and
Incomparable.
HETEROCLITICAL, h£t-3r-ro-kllti4-kal, adj. Dei.
viating from the common rule.
HETERODOX, h£t-er-6-d5ks, adj. Deviating from
the established opinion, not orthodox.
HETEROGENEAL, h£t-£r-6-j£-ne-al, adj. Not of
the same nature, not kindred.
HETEROGENEITY, h^t-^r-6-j^-n^-e-t^. s. Oppoti.
tipn of nature, contrariety of qualities; opposite or
dissimilar part
HETEROGENEOUS, li£t£r-6-je-n£ us, ai'j. Nut
kindred, opposite or dissimilar in nature.
Jf5> There is an affected pronunciation of this and the
two preceding words, which, contrary to our own analogy,
preserves the g hard. The plea is, that these words; ar^
(It-rived from the Greek, which always preserved the
gamma hard. To produce this reason, is, to expose it;
What would become of our language if every word from
the Greek anil Latin, that hasg-in it, were so pronounced ?
What is most to be regretted is, that men of lcarniii!»
sometimes join in these pedantic deviations, which ara
only worthy of the lowest order of critical coxcombs.—
See Oymnaetiole,
To HEW, hit, v. a. part Hewn or Hvwed. To
cut with an edged Instrument, to hack ; to chop, to cut ;
to fell as with an axe ; to form a shape with an axe ; to
form laboriously.
HEWER, hu-ur, s. 98. One whose employment it-
to cut wood or stone.
HIE
HIG
lay- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, mlve 164.
blematical, expressive of some meaning beyond wliat
immediately appears.
HlEROGLYPHICALLY, bl-e-r<i-gl)f*^ k4l-£, ado.
Emblematically.
HlEROGRAPHY, hl-£.rigigraf-£, S. 518. Holy
writing.
IIlEROPHANT, hl-£r-A-fant, ». 518. One who
teaches rules of religion.
To HIGGLE, hlgigl, v. n. 405. To chaffer, to be
HEXAGON, h£ks^Ug&n, s. 166. A figure of six
sides or angles.
HEXAGONAL, he'gz-agiA-nal, adj. 478. Having
six sides.
HEXAGONY, h£gz-agigi-n£, *. 48. A figure of
six angles.
HEXAMETER, bigx-ira^-t&r, 5. 518. A verse
of six feet.
HEXANGULAR, h^gz-ang-gi-llr, adj. Having
six comers.
HEXASTICK, he"gz-as-tlk, *. 509. A poem of six
lines.
HEXASTTCON, he'gz-asit^-k&n, s. A poem or epi-
gram in six lines.
HEY, ha, interject. An expression of joy.
HEYDAY, ha-da, interject. An expression of fro-
lick and exultation.
HEYDAY, haida, s. 269. A frolick, wildness.
HIATUS, hl-a-t&s, *. An aperture, a breach ; the
opening of the mouth by the succession of some of the
vowels.
HIBERNAL, hl-beiinal, adj. Belonging to the
winter.
HICCOUGH, hlk-k&p, or hlk-k&f, 3. A convulsion
of the stomach producing sobs.
IKS' This is one of those words which seem to have been
corrupted by a laudable intention of bringing them nearer
to their original. The convulsive sob was supposed to be
a species of cough ; but neither Junius nor Skinner men-
tion any such derivation, and both suppose it formed from
the sound it occasions. Accordingly we find, though flic-
rough is the most general orthography, hickup is the most
usual pronunciation. Thus Butler,
" Quoth he, to hid me not to lovt>
" Is to forbid my puUe to move;
" My beard to grow, my ears to prick up,
" Or, when I'm in the fit, to hickup."
fo HICCOUGH, hlk-k&p, v. n. To sob with con-
vulsion of the stomach.
To HlCKUP, hlk-k&p, v. n. To sob with a con-
vulsed stomach.
<.;>*«. °f Hide.
To HIDE, hide, v. a. pret. Hid ; part. pass.
Hid or Hidden. To conceal, to withhold or withdraw
from sight or knowledge.
To HlDE, hide, v. n. To lie hid, to be concealed.
HIDE-AND-SEEK, hlde-and-s^ek,' s. A play in
which some hide themselves, and another seeks them.
HlDE, hide, s. The skin of any animal, either raw
or dressed; the human skin, in contempt; a certain
quantity of land.
HIDEBOUND, hlde-bSSnd, adj. A horse is said to
be hide-bound when his skin sticks so hard to his ribs
and back, that you cannot, with your hand, pull up or
loosen the one from the other ; in trees, being in the
state in which the bark will not give way to the growth ;
harsh, untractable.
HIDEOUS, hid^e-is, or hld-je-&s, adj. 293. Hor-
rible, dreadful.
HIDEOUSLY, hld^-us-1^, ado. Horribly, dread-
fully.
HlDEOUSNESS, hld-&-&S-n£s, s. Horriuleness, dread-
fulness.
HlDER, hiid&r, j. 98. He that hides.
To HlE, hi, v. n. To hasten, to go in haste.
HlERARCH, hi-£ rark, s. The chief of a sacred
order.
HlERARCHAL, hl-i-rarkiJI, adj. Of a hierarch.
HIERARCHICAL, hl-£-r£r'ke-kal, adj. Belonging
to sacred or ecclesiastical government.
HIERARCHY, hW-rAr-k^, s. A sacred government,
rank or subordination of holy beings ; ecclesiastical es-
tablishment.
HIEROGLYPHIC, hl-£-rA-glIfifik, s. An emblem,
_ a figure by which a word was implied ; the art of writ-
•" ing in picture.
HjSBOGLYPHlCAL, hl-e-r6-glIW-kal, adj. Era-
penurious in a bargain ; to go selling provisions from
door to door.
HIGGLEDY-PIGGLEDY, h!gigl-de pigigl-de", adv.
A cant word, corrupted from higgle, which denotes any
confused mass, confusedly.
HIGGLER, hig-gl&r, s. 98. One who sells pro-
visions by retail.
HlGH, hi, adj. 39O. A great way upwards, rising
above; elevated in place, raised aloft; exalted in na-
ture ; elevated in tank or condition ; exalted in senti-
ment; difficult, abstruse ; boastful, ostentatious; arro-
gant, proud, lofty; noble, illustrious; violent, tempes-
tuous, applied to the wind ; tumultuous, turbulent, un-
governable; full, complete; strong tasted ; at the most
]>erfect state, in the meridian ; far advanced into anti-
quity ; dear, exorbitant in price ; capital, great, opposed
to little, as, high treason.
HlGH, hi, s. High place, elevation, superior region
HlGH- BLEST, hKblest, adj. Supremely happy.
HIGH-BLOWN, hl-blone, adj. Swelled much with
wind, much inflated.
HlGH-BORN, hlibSrn, adj. Of noble extraction.
HIGH COLOURED, hlik&l-lurd, adj. Having a
deep or glaring colour.
HIGH-DESIGNING, hl-d£-sl-nlng, adj. Having
great schemes.
HiGH-FLIER, hUfli-6r, j. One that carries his o-
pinion to extravagance.
HIGH-FLOWN, hl-fl6ne, adj. Elevated, proud ; tur-
gid, extravagant.
HlGH FLYING, hi-fll-!ng, adj. Extravagant in claims
or opinions.
HiGH-HEAPED, hi-h£pd, adj. Covered with higl»
piles.
HIGH-METTLED, hUm£t-tld, adj. 359. Proud or
ardent of spirit.
HlGH MINDED, hi'mind-ed, adj. Proud, arrogant.
HlGH-RED, hl-re'd, adj. Deeply red.
HIGH-SEASONED, hl-s&z&nd, adj. Piquant to th«
palate.
HlGH-SPIRITED, hl-splr-it-M, adj. Bold, daring,
insolent.
HIGH-STOMACHED, hi-st&m-m&kt, adj. Obsti-
nate, lofty.
HIGH-TASTED, hi- tasted, adj. Gustful, piquant.
HlGH-VICED, hl-vist, adj. 560. Enormously wicked.
HiGH-WROUGHT, h&rawt, adj. Accurately finish-
eel.
HIGHLAND, hl-land, *. Mountainous region.
HIGHLANDER, h Wind- fix, 4. An inhabitant of
mountains.
J£"> We sometimes hear a most absurd pronunciation
of this word taken from the Scotch, as if written Hcdandrr.
It is curious to observe, that while the Scutch are endea-
vouring to leave their own pronunciation and adopt that
of the English, there are some English so capricious as to
quit their own pronunciation, and adopt that which the
Scotch strive carefully to avoid.
HIGHLY, hl-ld, adv. With elevation as to place
and situation ; in a great degree ; proudly, arrogantly,
ambitiously ; with esteem, with estimation.
HlGHMOST, hl-m6st, adj. Highest, topmost
HIGHNESS, hl-n£s, S. Elevation above the surface ;
tlie title of princes, anciently of kings ; dignity of na-
ture. supremacy.
HlGHT, bite, adj. Was named, was called ; called,
named.
HlGHWATER, hl-wa-t&r, t. The utmo»l flow of thr
Ude.
HIR
249
HIV
167, n5t 163— tAbe 171, tt'ib 172, bill 173—311 299— p3&nd 313— </«in 466— THis 469.
HIGHWAY, hl-wa,' 3. Great road, publick path.
HIGHWAYMAN, hKwa-m&n, s. 88. A robber that
plunders on the publick roads.
HILARITY, hll-lir^-ti, i. Merriment, gayety.
HlLDING, hil-dlng, *. A sorry, paltry, cowardly
fellow ; it is used likewise for a mean woman.
HlLL, hll, s. An elevation of ground less than a
mountain.
HILLOCK, hlWok, s. A little hill.
1 1 U.I*", hil-le, adj. Full of hills, unequal in the
surface.
HlLT, hilt, J. The handle of any thing, particularly
of a sword.
HIM, him. The oblique case of He.
HIMSELF, hlm-sSliy pronoun. In the nominative,
He; in ancient authors. Itself; in the oblique cases,
it has a reciprocal signification.
HlN, hln, s. A measure of liquids among the Jews,
containing about ten pints.
HlND, hind, adj. compar. Hinder ; superl.
Hindmost. Backward, contrary in position to the face.
Jt5" This word, with its comparative hinder, and its
iviperlative hindmost and hindermost, are sometimes cor-
ruptly pronounced with the i short, as in sinn'd; but this
js "so contrary to analogy as to deserve the attention of
every correct speaker.
HIND, hind, s. The she to a stag ; a servant ; a
peasant, a boor.
HlNDBERRlES, hlnd-beV-rlz, t. The peasant's
berries ; the same as raspberries.
To HINDER, hln^dur, v. a. To obstruct, to stop,
to impede.
HINDER, hlnidir, adj. 515. That is in a position
contrary to that of the face.
HlNDERANCE, hln-d&r-inse, *. Impediment, let,
stop.
HlNDERER, hln-dfir-fir, *. He or that which hin-
HlRE, hire, 5. Reward or recompense paid for the
use of any thing ; wages paid for service.
HIRELING, hire-ling, S. One who serves for wages ;
a mercenary, a prostitute.
HIRELING, hire-ling, adj. Serving for hire, venal,
mercenary, doing what is done for money.
HIRER, hlre-ur, »-. 98. One who uses any thing,
paying a recompense; one who employs others, paying
wages.
HIRSUTE, heV-s&te/ adj. Rough, rugged.
His, hlz, pron. pass. The masculine possessive, be-
longing to him; antiently, Its.
'o Hiss, hiss, v. n. To utter a noise like that of a
serpent and some other animals.
'o HlSS, hiss, v. a. To condemn by hissing, to ex-
plode ; to procure hisses or disgrace.
IlSS, hiss, S. The voice of a serpent ; censure ; ex-
pression of contempt used in theatres.
IlST, hist, inter). An exclamation commanding si-
lence.
llSTORIAN. h!s-ttA-£-dn, S. A writer of facts and
ders or obstructs.
HINDERLING, hind-ur-lln
less, degenerate animal.
s. A paltry, worth-
HiNDERMOST, hlnd-frr-mist, adj. Hindmost, last,
in the rear.
HINDMOST, hlndimist, adj. Last, lag, in the rear.
HlNGE, hinje, s. 74. Joints upon which a gate or
door turns ; the cardinal points of the world ; a govem-
. ing rule or principle; to be off the hinges, to be in a
state of irregularity and disorder.
To HlNGE, hinje, v. a. To furnish with hinges
to bend as a hinge.
To HINT, hint, v. a. To bring to mind by a sligh
mention or remote allusion.
HlNT, hint, s. Faint notice given to the mind, re-
mote allusion ; suggestion, intimation.
HlF, hip, s. The joint of the thigh, the fleshy par
of the thigh ; to have on the hip, to have an advantage
over another. A low phrase.
HlP, hip, s. The fruit of the briar.
To HlP. hip t;. a. To sprain or shoot the hips
Hip-hop, a cant word formed by the reduplication o
Hop. ^
HlP, hip, inter}. An exclamation, or calling to one
IIlPPISH, hlp-plsh, adj. A corruption of Hypo-
chondriack.
HlPPOCENTAUR, hlp-pA-s£n-tawr, j. A fabulou
monster, half horse and half man.
KlPFOCRASS, hlp-po-kriis, s. A medicated wine.
HlPPOGRIFF, lllp-pA-grlf, s. A winged horse.
HIPPOPOTAMUS, hlp-p6 p&t-l-m&s, s. The rive
horse. An animal found in the Nile.
HlPSHOT, hlp-shSt, adj. Sprained or dislocated i
the hip.
HIPWORT, hip-wart, j. A plant.
To HiRE, hire, v. a. To procure any thing for tern
porary use at a certain price; to engage a man to tem
porary service for wages ; to bribe ; to cng;ige himse
for pay.
Pertaining
eveius.
HISTORICAL, hls-t&Klk-il,
HISTORICK, hls-t5rVlk, 509.
to history.
HISTORICALLY, hls-t&rirlk-al-le, adv. In the
manner of history, by way of narration.
To HisTORlFY, hls-tor^-fi, v. a. To relate, to
record in hi,tory.
HISTORIOGRAPHER, hls-to-re 5g-ra-far, s. An
historian, a writer of history.
HISTORIOGRAPHY, lus-to-r<*-5g-rl-fe, s. 513.
The art or employment of an historian.
HISTORY, hls-tur-^, s. 557. A narration of events
and facts delivered with dignity; narration, relation;
the knowledge of facts and events.
HiSTORY-PIECE, hls-tfir-e'-p^se, s. A picture re-
presenting some memorable event.
HISTRIONICAL, hls-tre-6n^-kJl, > ,. fieflt
HISTRIONICK, hls-tr£-6nMk, 509. J J'
ting the stage, suitable to a player.
HISTRIONICALLY, h!s.tr£-6n-4 kiLl-ii, adv. The-
atrically, in the manner of a buffoon.
To HlT, hit, v. a. To strike, to touch with a blow ;
to touch the mark, not to miss; to attain, to reach the
point ; to strike a ruling passion ; to hit off', to striko
out, to fix or determine luckily.
To HlT, hit, v. n. To clash, to collide ; to chance
luckily, to succeed by accident; to succeed; not to
miscarry; to light on.
HiT, lilt, s. A stroke, a lucky chance.
To HlTCH, liltsh, v. n. To catch, to move by
jerks.
HlTHE, hiTHe, s. A small haven to land wares out
of boats.
HlTHER, hlTH-&r, adv. 98. To this place from
some place ; Hither and Thither, to this place and that t
to this end, to this design.
HlTHER, hlTH-ur, adj. Nearer, towards this part.
RJ- This word was probably formed for the compara-
tive of here s and has naturally generated the su;>erlativ«
hitliermost.
HlTHERMOST, hlTH-ur-m6st, adj. Nearest on thii
side.
HITHERTO, hlTH-ur-t6o, adv. To this time, yet.
in any time till now ; ' at every time till now.
HITHERWARD, blTHl&r-wlrd, 7 ^
HlTHERWARDS, hlTH-OT-wardz, ^
towards this place.
HlVE, hive, s. The habitation or cell of bees ; tlie
bees inhabiting a hive.
To HlVE, hive, v. a. To put into hives, to har-
bour ; to contain in hives.
To HlVE, hive, v. n. To take shelter together.
HIVER, hive-fir, s. 98. One who puts bees in
hives.
HOG
250
HOL
Ho, 7 '1>-<' interj. A call, a sud
HoA,5 give notice of approach,
I&-5.59. Fate 73, far 77, fallS3,fih81 — m<* 93, met 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move lfJ4,
HOGSHEAD, hogz-h§d, *. A measure of liquid!
containing sixty gallons ; any large barrel.
£5" This word is sometimes pronounced as if wri:ten
hog-shed : if Dr. Johnson's derivation of this word from
hog and head be a true one, this pronunciation is certainly
wrong, and arises from the junction of the letters i and A
in printing, which may be presumed to have occasioned a
similar mispronunciation in household and falsehood,
which see. Junius derives this word from the BelgL-
Ockshood, oghshood, or hockshoot. Minshew says, Skin-
ner deriyesit from Ockshood and Ogshoodi but he himself
is of opinion that it rather comes from the Latin Orca, a
freat sea-fish, an enemy to the whale, and the I'elgie
oofd, as much as to say, Ork's hoofd ; that is, Orcce caput,
Ork's head.
HOGSTY, hog^stl, s. The place in which swine are
shut to be fed.
HOGWASH, h5g£w5sh, s. The draff which is given
to swine.
HOIDEN, hoeidn, j. 103. An ill-taught, awkward
country girl.
To HoiDEN, hoeMn, v. n. To romp indecently.
To HOISE, hoes a, 7
L»I .. f V. a. To raise up on high.
To HOIST, hoist, 5
To HOLD, hold, v. a. pret. Held ; part. pass.
Held or Holderu To grasp in the hand, to gripe, to
clutch ; to keep, to retain, to gripe fast; to maintain as
an opinion ; to consider as good or bad, to hold in re-
gard ; to have any station ; to possess, to enjoy ; to pos-
sess in subordination ; to suspend, to refrain ; to stop,
to restrain ; to fix to any condition ; to confine to a cer-
tain state ; to detain ; to retain, to continue ; to offer,
to propose; to maintain ; to carry on, to continue ; to
hold forth, to exhibit ; to hold in, to govern by tha
bridle, to restrain in general ; to hold off, to keep at a
distance ; to hold on, to continue, to protract ; to hold
out, to extend, to stretch forth, to offer, to propose, to
continue to do or suffer ; to hold up, to raise aloft, to
sustain, to support.
To HOLD, hold, v. n. To stand, to be right, to be
without exception ; to continue unbruken or unsub-iu-
ed ; to last, to endure ; to continue ; to refrain ; to stan<l
up for, to adhere ; to be dependent on ; to derive richt ;
to hold forth, to harangue, to speak in publiek ; to hold
in, to restrain one's self, to continue in luck ; to hold off,
to keep at a distance without closing with offers; U>
hold on, to continue, not to be interrupted, to proceed ;
to hold out, to last, to endure, not to yield, not to be
subdued ; to hold together, to be joined, to remain in
union ; to hold up, to support himself, not to be foul
weather, to continue the same speed.
HOLD, hold, interj. Forbear, stop, be still.
HOLD, hAld, s. The act of seizing, gripe, grasp, sei-
zure ; something to be held, support ; catch, power of
seizing or keeping ; prison, place of custody ; power,
influence ; custody ; Hold of a ship, all that part which
lies between the keelson and the lower deck; a lurking
place ; a fortified place, a fort.
HOLDER, hAl-d&r, s. 98. One that holds or gripes
any thing in his hand ; a tenant, one tha: holds land
under another.
HoLDERFORTH, hAl-dur-fAr<A/ s. An haranguer,
one who speaks in publiek.
HOLDFAST, hAld-fast, s. Any thing which take*
hold, a catch, a hook.
HOLDING, hAld-lng, s. Tenure, farm ; it some-
times signifies the burden or chorus of a song.
HOLE, hAle, t. A cavity narrow and long, either
perpendicular or horizontal ; a perforation, a small va-
cuity ; a cave, a hollow place ; a cell of an animal ; a.
mean habitation ; some subterfuge or shilt.
HOLIDAM, hol^-dam, *. 515. Blessed Lady.
HoLILY, hA^le-le, adv. Piously, with sanctity;
inviolably, without breach.
HOLINESS, hoile-nes, s. Sanctity, piety, rcligiou*
goodness ; the state of being hallowed, dedication to
religion ; the title of the Pope.
HOLLA, hol-lA,' interj. A word used in calling to
any one at a distance.
HOLLAND, hol-lind, i. 88. Fine linen made ia
Holland.
HOLLOW, h61-lA, adj. 327. Excavated, having a
void space within, not solid ; noisy, like sound re%ec-
sudden exclamation to
or any thing else.
HOAR, hAre, adj. White; gray with age; white
with frost
HOAR-FROST, hAre-frost, *. The congelations of
dew in frosty mornings on the grass.
HOARD, hArde, s. A store laid up in secret, a hid-
den stock, a treasure.
To HOARD, hArde, v. n. To nuke hoards, to lay
up store.
To HOARD, hArde, v. a. To lay in hoards, to hus-
band privily.
HOARDER, hArd'fir, s. 98. One that stores up in
secret.
HOARHOUND, hAre-ho&nd, s. A plant.
HOARINESS, ho^r£-nes, s. The state of being
whitish, the colour of old men's hair.
HOARSE, hArse, adj. Ha».ng the voice rough, as
with a cold ; having a rough sound,
HOARSELY, hArst^-le, adv. With a rough harsh
voice.
HOAHSENESS, hArse-n£s, s. Roughness of voice.
HOARY, hA^r£, adj. White, whitish ; white or gray
with age ; white with frost ; mouldy, mossy, rusty.
To HOBBLE, hib^bl, v. n. 405. To walk lamely
or awkwardly upon one leg more than the other ; to
move roughly and unevenly.
HOBBLE, hobibl, s. Uneven awkward gait.
HOBBLINGLY, hob-bling-l£, adv. Clumsily, awk-
wardly, with a halting gait.
HOBBY, hob-bi, J. A species of hawk ; an Irish
or Scottish home ; a stick on which boys get astride and
ride : a stupid tVtlow.
HOBGOBLIN, hob-gobelin, «. A sprite, a fairy.
HOBNAIL, hAWnale, s, A nail useu in shoeing a
horse.
HOBNAILED, h&binald, adj. Set with hobnails.
HOBNOB, hob-nib,' adv. This is corrupted from
Habnab.
HOCK, h5k, J. The joint between the knee and fet-
lock.
To HOCK, hok, o. a. To disable in the hock.
HOCK, h6k, s. Old strong Rhenish.
HOCKHSRB, Il6ki4rb, s. A plant, the same with
mallows.
To HOCKLE, hokMd, v. a. 405. To hamstring.
HOCUS-POCUS, ho^kus-pAM<5.s, s. A juggle, a cheat.
HOD, hod, s. A kind of trough in which a labourer
carries mortar to the masons.
HODMAN, hud-man, s. 88. A labourer that carries
mortar.
HODGE-PODGE, hAdjeipoJje, s. A medley of in-
gredients boiled together.
HODIERNAL, hA-de-er'nal, adj. Of to day.
HOE, ho, s. An instrument to cut or scrape up the
eirth.
To HOE, hA, v. a. To cut or dig with a hoe.
HOG, hog, s The general name of swine ; a cas-
t'ated boar ; to bring hogs to a fine market, to fail of
one's design.
HOGCOTE, hog-kot, s. A house for hogs.
HOGGEREL, h6g-grll, s. 99. A two-j ears-old ewe.
HoGHERD, hSg-herd, s. A keeper of hogs.
HOGGISH, h6g-gish, orf*. Having the qualities of
a hog ; brutish, selfish.
HOGGISHLY, hog-glsh-le, adv. Greedily, selfishly.
HOGGISHNESS, h6g-gish nes, s. Brutality, greedi-
ness, selfishness.
HOGSBEANS, h5gz-benz, ^ .
HOGSBREAD, liogz'bred, /
HOGSMUSHROOMS, hogz£m&sh-r5omz, f **
HOGSFENNEL, h'!>gz-f£n-n&, j
Plants.
HOM
251
HON
nor 167, not 163 — t6be 171, t&b 172, bill 173—511 299— po&nd 313 — tliin 466 — THIS 469.
HOMOEOMERIA, ho-m^-o-m£-r£-a, s. A likenew
berated from a cavity; not faithful, not sound, not
what one appears.
HOLLOW, hol-16, *. Cavity, concavity ; cavern, den,
hole; pit; any opening or vacuity ; passage, canal.
To HOLLOW, hil-16, r. a. To make hollow, to ex-
cavate.
To HOLLOW, holMo, v. n. To shout, to hoot.
HOLLOWLY, 1)51-16-14, adv. With cavities ; un-
faithfully, insincerely, dishonestly.
HOLLOWNESS, hoWo-n£s, s. Cavity, state of be-
ing hollow; deceit, insincerity, treachery.
HOLLOWROOT, bol-l6-r6ot, 5. A plant.
HOLLY, hil-l£, *. A tree.
HOLLYHOCK, bMil^-h5k, s. Rosemallow.
HOLLYROSE, h51-le-roze, S. A plant.
HOLOCAUST, hoW-kawst, s. A burnt sacrifice.
HOLF, holp. The old preterit and part. pass, of
Help.
HOLPEN, hoKpn, 103. The old part. pass, of
Help.
HOLSTER, hoKst&r, $. 98. A case for a horse-
man's pistol.
HOLY, h<W£, adj. Good, pious, religious ; hal-
lowed, consecrated to divine use; pure, immaculate;
sacred.
HOLY-DAY, hoW-da, s. 515. The day of some
ecclesiastical festival ; anniversary feast ; a day of gay-
ety and joy ; a time that comes seldom.
HOLY-THURSDAY, hA-lt*-//jurzida, s. The day on
which the ascension of our Saviour is commemorated,
ten days before Whitsuntide.
HOLY -WEEK, h6-14-we£k, ». The week before
Easter.
HOMAGE, homiaje, *. 90. Service paid and fealty
professed to a sovereign or superior lord; obeisance,
respect paid by external action.
HoMAGER, homia-j&r, s. 98. One who holds by
homage of some superior lord.
HOME, home, s. His own house, the private dwell-
ing ; his own country ; the place of constant residence :
united to a substantive, it signifies domes! ick.
HOME, home, adv. To one's own habitation ; to
one's own country ; close to one's own breast or affairs ;
to the point designed : united to a substantive, it im-
plies force and eflicauy.
HOMEBORN, homeibSrn, adj.
domestick, not foreign.
nfh
Native, natural ;
HOMEBRED, home-bre'd, adj. Bred at home, not
polished by travel ; plain, rude, artless, uncultivated ;
domestiek, not foreign.
HOMEFELT, h6meif£lt, adj. Inward, piivate.
HOMELILY, h6iTU'-le-le:, adv. Rudely, inelegant-
ly-
HOMELINESS, h6mf£l£-n&s, *. Plainness, rude
ness.
HOMELY, himeilt*, adj. Plain, homespun, not ele-
gant, not beautiful, not fine, coarse.
HOMEMADE, h6me*made, adj. Made at home.
HOMER, hoim&r, j. 98. A Hebrew measure of
about three pints.
HOMESPUN, honieispin, adj. Spun or wrought at
home, not made by regular manufacturers ; not made
in foreign countries ; plain, coarse, rude, homely, in-
elegant.
HoMESTALL, hAmcistall, 7 *. 406- The place
HOMESTEAD, home-stod, £ of the house.
HOMEWARD, homeward, 88. 7
HOMEWARDS, homeiwardz, 5 Ol V
home, towards the native place.
HOMICIDE, hom^e-slde, s. Murder, manslaying ;
destruction ; a murderer, a manslayer.
HOMICIDAL, hom-e-si^dal, adj. Murderous, bloody.
HOMII-ETICAL, hom-i-let-ik-al, o'#. Social, con-
versible.
HOMILY, KdmU ItJ, j. A discourse read to a con-
gregation.
Towards
of parts.
Jt^- This was the name given to the svstem of the an-
cient Greek philosopher, Anaxagoras ; who supposed that
the elements were full of small particles of blood, bones,
leaves, &c. from which the growth of plants and animali
was derived.
HOMOGENEAL, h6-mo-j&n£-al, ? ,. .
i_ i i -it \ i r <*"/• Having
HOMOGENEOUS, ho-mo-je-ne-us, }
the same nature or principles.
Jf5" For the true pronunciation of the^ in thesewords,
see Hrterogemvut.
HOMOGENEALNESS, h6-m6 je^ne al-n£s,
HOMOGENEITY, ho-mo je-ne^-te,
HOMOGENEOUSNESS, ho-m6-j£-n£-us-n£s,
Participation of the same principles or nature, simili-
tude of kind.
HOMOGENY, h6-mod-je-n£, s. 518. Joint nature.
HOMOLOGOUS, h6-m61-0-gus, adj. Having the
same manner or proportions.
HoMONYMOUS, h6-m&n£<J-m&s, adj. Denominat-
ing different things ; equivocal.
HOMONYM Y, h6-moni4-m£, s. 518. Equivoca-
tion, ambiguity.
HoMOTONOUS, ho-motito-n&s, adj. 518. Equa-
ble, said of such distempers as keep a constant tenour
of rise, *ate, and declension.
HONE, hone, s. A whetstone for a razor.
HONEST, on-ne'st, adj. 394. Upright, true, sin-
cere; chaste; just, righteous, giving to every man hiv
due.
HONESTLY, 6nin£st-l£, adv. Uprightly, justly ; with
chastity, modestly.
HONESTY, ftii-n€s-t£, s. Justice, truth, virtue, pu-
rity.
HONIED, h&ninld, adj. 283. Covered with honey ;
sweet, luscious.
HONEY, h&r.ini, 5. 165. A thick, viscous, lusci-
ous substance, which is collected and prepared by
bees ; sweetness, lusciousness ; a name ot tehdenie.-s,
sweet.
HONEY-BAG, hun^ne-bag, s. The bag in which
the bee carries the honey.
HONEY COMB, h&n'n^-kome, s. The cells of wax
in which the bee stores her honey.
HONEY-COMBED, h&n-n4-k&mbd, adj. Flawed
with little cavities.
HONEY-DEW, h&nini-di, s. Sweet dew.
HONEY-FLOWER, h&n-n^-flou-ur, s. A plant.
HONEY-GNAT, hfin-n£-u&t, s. An insect
HONEY-MOON, h&n-n^-ruoon,' j. The first month
after marriage.
HONEY-SUCKLE, h&n-n^-s&k-kl, s. Woodbine.
HONEY LESS, hunint*-l£s, adj. Without honey.
HONEY- WORT, h&n-n^-wurt, s. A plant.
HONORARY, on-nur-a-r<J, adj. 557. Done in ho-
nour ; conferring honour without gain.
HONOUR, on-n&r, s. 394. Dignity ; reputation j
the title of a man of rank; nobleness; reverence, due
veneration ; chastitv ; glory, boast ; public mark of re-
spect ; privileges of rank or birth ; civilities paid ; or-
nament, decoration.
$5- This word, and its companion favour, the two ser-
vile attendants on cards and notes of Fashion, have so cc-
nerally dropped the u, that to spell these words with that
letter is looked upon as gauche and rustick in the extreme.
In vain did Dr. Johnson enter his protest against the in-
novation; in vain did he tell us, that the sound of the
word required the u, as well as its derivation from the
Latin through the French ; the sentence seems to have
been passed, and we now hardly ever find these words wilh
this vowel but in our Dictionaries. But though I am a
declared enemy to all needless innovation, I see no incon-
venience in spelling these words in the fashionable man-
ner ; there is no reason for preserving the u in honour ami
fa von r, that does not hold pood for the preservation of t he
'same letter in errmir, atitlinur, and a hundred others :
and with respect to the pronunciation of these words wi' !i-
out the u, while wehavesomanv words where theosoun.lt,
*, eveii when the accent is on it, as, honey, money, t*e
HOP 252 HOR
13- 559. Fate 73, fir 77, f&ll 83, fit 31 — me. 93, me"t 95— pine 105, pin 107— no 162, mSve 164
we need not be in much pain for the sound of u in words
of this termination, where the final r brings all the unac-
cented vowels to the same level ; that is, to the short
souml of u.— See Principles, No. 418.
To HONOUR, Sn-nur, v. a. 31 4. To reverence, to
regard with veneration ; to dignify, to raise to greatness.
HONOURABLE, &n-nur-i-bl, adj. illustrious, no-
ble ; great, magnanimous, generous ; conferring ho-
nour ; accompanied with tokens of honour ; without
taint, without reproach ; honest, without intention of
deceit ; equitable.
HONOURABLENESS, &ninur-i-bl-n3s, *. Emi-
nence, magnificence, generosity.
HONOURABLY, &n-nur-A-ble, adv. With tokens of
honour; magnanimouslv, generously ; reputably, with
exemption from reproach.
HoNOURER, &n-n&r-&r, s. 98. One that honours,
one that regards with veneration.
HOOD, hfid, adj. 307. In composition, denotes
quality, character, as, knighthood, childhood. Some-
times It is taken collectively, as, brotherhood, a confra-
ternity.
HOOD, hud, i. The upper cover of a woman's head ;
any thing drawn upon the head, and wrapping round
it ; a covering put over the hawk's eyes ; an ornamen-
tal fold that hangs down the back of a graduate.
To HOOD, hfid, »>. a. To dress in a hood ; to blind
as with a hood ; to cover.
HooDMAN-BLlND, h&dimin-bllnd,' s. A play in
which the person hcoded is to catch another and tell
his name, blindman's buff.
To HOODWINK, hfid^wink, v. a. To blind with
something bound over the eyes ; to cover, to hide ; to
deceive, to impose upon.
HOOF, hoof, *. 306. The hard homy substance
which composes the feet of several sorts of animals.
HOOK, hook, *. 3O6. Any thing bent so as to
catch hold ; the bended wire on which the bait is hung
for fishes, and with which the fish is pierced; a snare,
a trap ; a sickle to reap com; an iron to seize the meat
in the caldron ; an instrument to cut or lop with; the
part of the hinge fixed to the post ; Hook or crook,
one way or other, by any expedient.
To HOOK, hook, v. a. To catch with a hook ; to
entrap, to ensnare ; to draw as with a hook ; to fasten
as with a hook, to be drawn by force or artifice.
HOOKED, hooked, adj. 366. Bent, curvated.
HooKEDNESS, hodk^d-r,5s, s. State of being
bent like a hook.
HOOKNOSED, hook-nozd,' adj. Having the aqui-
line nose rising in the middle.
HoOP, hoop, *. 306. Any thing circular by which
something else is bound, particularly casks or barrels ;
part of a lady's dress ; any thing circular.
To HOOP, hoop, v. a. To bind or enclose with
hoops ; to encircle, to clasp, to surround.
To HOOP, h&op, v. H. To shout, to make an out-
cry by way of call or pursuit.
HOOPER, h&6p£pfi.r, *. 98. A cooper, one that
hoops tubs.
HOOPING-COUGH, h5o-p1ng-kof/ s. A convulsive
cough, so called from its noise.
To HOOT, h56t, t;. n. 306. To shout in contempt
to cry as an owl.
To HOOT, hoot, v. a. To drive with noise and shouts.
HOOT, lioit, $. Clamour, shout.
To HOP, h&p, v. n. To jump, to skip lightly ; to
leap on one leg ; to walk lamely, or with one leg less
nimble than the other.
HOP, h&p, s. A jump, a light leap; a jump on
one leg ; a place where meaner people dance.
HOP, h&p, *. A plant, the flowers of which are
used in brewing.
To Hop, h&p, v. a. To impregnate with hops.
HOPE, hope, s. Expectation of some good, an ex
pectation indulged with pleasure ; confidence in a fu
lure event, or in the future conduct of any body ; tha
which gives hope ; the object of hope.
To HOPE, hope, t'. M. To live in expectation o
come good; to ;Jace confidence in futurity.
po HOPE, h&pe, v. a. To expect with desire.
loPEFUL, h&pc-ful, adj. Full of qualities which
produce hope, promising ; full of hope, full of expec-
tation of success.
lOPEFULLY, h&pe^ful-^. adv. In such a manner
as to raise hope ; with hope.
HOPEFULNESS, h6pe-ful-n£s, *. Promise of good ;
likelihood to succeed.
lOPELESS, hope-l£s, adj. Without hope, without
pleasing expectation ; giving no hope, promising no-
thing pleasing.
lOPER, ho^pur, t. 98. One that has pleasing ex-
pectations.
loPINGLY, h6%>ing-l4, adv. With hope, with
expectations of good.
IOPPER, h&p-pfir, j. 98. He who hops or jump)
on one leg.
loPPER, h&pip&r, *. The box or open frame of
wood into which the corn is put to be ground ; a ba*
ket for carrying seed.
lOPPERS, h&piparz, s. A kind of play in which
the actor hops on one leg.
lORAL, ho-rll, adj. Relating to the hour.
lORARY, ho^ri-r^, adj. Relating to an hour j
continuing for an hour.
-lORDE, horde, s. A clan, a migratory crew of peo-
ple ; a body of Tartars.
lORlZON, ho-ri-z&n, *. 503. The line that tcr
minates the view,
ftj- This word was, till of late years, universally pro-
.jounced, in pro.;e, with the accent on the first syllable;
and Shakespeare, says Dr. Johnson, has improperly placed
t so in verse :
« __When the morning son shall raise his car
" AboTe the borders of this horizon,
" Well forwards towards Warwick and his mates.'
With respect to the propriety of this pronunciation it
may be observed, that there is scarcely any thing more
agreeable to the genuine analogy of English orthoepy, than
facing the accent on the first syllable of a trisyllable,
then the middle syllable does not 'end with a consonant,
503. But another rule almost as constantly counteracts
his analogy : when the word is perfectly Latin 01 Greek,
and the accent is on the penultimate, then we generally
follow the accentuation of those languages. Poets have
so universally placed the accent on the second syllable of
his word, and this pronunciation has so classical an air, as
:o render the other accentuation vulgar.
HORIZONTAL, h&r-£-z&n-tal, adj. Near the hori-
zon ; parallel to the horizon, on a level.
HORIZONTALLY, h&r-i-z&nUii-^, adv. In a di-
rection parallel to the horizon.
HORN, horn, t. The hard pointed bodies which
grow on the heads of some quadrupeds, and serve them
for weapons ; an instrument of wind musick made of
horn ; the extremity of the waxing or waning moon ;
the feelers of a snail ; a drinking cup made of horn ;
antler of a cuckold ; Horn mad, perhaps mad as a
cuckold.
HORNBEAK, hornib^ek,)
HORNFISH, hornifish, [
HORNBEAM, ho>n-beme, s. A tree.
HORNBOOK, horn-book, s. The first book of chil-
dren, covered with horn to keep it unsoiled.
HORNED, hSr-n£d, adj. Furnished with horns.
HORNER, horinfir, 5. 98. One that works in horn,
and sells horn.
HORNET, hdr£n£t, *. 99. A very large, strong,
stinging fly.
HORNFOOT, horn-fat, adj. Hoofed.
HORNOWL, born-oil, s. A kind of horned owl.
HORNPIPE, horn-pipe, s. A dance.
HoRNSTONE, horn-stone, s. A kind of blue stone.
HORNWORK, borniwurk, s. A kind of angular
fortification.
HORNY, hor-nd, adj. Made of horn ; resembling
horn ; hard as horn, callous.
HOROGRAPHY, liA-rogigra-fe, f. 513. An ac-
count of the hours.
IIOR
$53
IIOS
nor 167, n&t 163 tfibe 171, tfib 172, b&ll 173 — oil 299 — pofind 313 — th'm 4GC— THIS 469.
HOROLOGF, hor£o-16dje, 7
.1 »i» i -A ,-,D f *• An instrument
HoiiOLOGY, ho-rol-o-je, 518. ^
that tells the hour, as a clock, a watch, an hour-glass.
Hon.OMF.TtiY, ho-rom^-tr^, s. 518. The art of
measuring hours.
HOROSCOPE, horirA-skope, s. The configuration
of the planets at the hour of birth.
HORRENT, liorir£at, adj. Horrible, dreadful.
» Or terror's -icy .hand
•• Smites their distorted limbs and horrmt -hair,:" Akcnndc.
HORRIBLE, horire-bl, ailj. 160. 405. Dreadful,
terrible, shocking, hideous, enormous.
Itj* I his word is often pronounced so as to confound
the « with u, as if written liorrublee but this must be a-
voided as coarse and vulgar.
HoORlBLENESS, }i6rij-(i-bl-n^s, S. Dreadfulness,
hideousness, tcrribleness.
HORRIBLY, h&rir£-bl4, adv. Dreadfully, hideous-
ly ; to a dreadful degree.
HORRID, hor-rld, adj. Hideous, dreadful, shock-
ing; rough, rugged.
HoRRlDNESS, h&r-rld-n£s, *. Hideousness, enor-
mity.
HOHRIFICK, hor-rlfiflk, adj. 5O9. Causing hor-
ror.
HORRISONOUS, lior-ris^sA-nis, cdj. Sounding
dreadfully.
HoRROUR, h&r-r&r, s. 314. Terror mixed with
detestation gloom, dreariness: in medicine, such a
shuddering or quivering as precedes an ague fit; a sense
of shuddering or shrinking.
HORSE, hirse, s. A neighing quadruped, used in
war, draught, and carriage; it is used in the plural
sense, but with a singular termination, for horses, horse-
men, or cavalry ; something on which any thing is sup-
ported ; a wooden machine which soldiers ride by way
of punishment: joined to another substantive, it sig-
nifies something large or coarse, as, a-horse-faee, a face
of which the features are large and indelicate.
To HORSE, h6rse, v. a. To mount upon a horse ;
to carry one on the back ; to ride any thing ; to cover
a mare.
HORSEBACK, horsAbik, s. The seat of the rider,
the state of being on a horse.
HOUSEBEAN, hfirsibene, t. A small bean usually
given to horses.
HOHSEBLOOK, hors^blek, *. A block on which
they climb to a horse.
HOUSEBOAT, hors-bote, s. A boat used in ferry-
ing horses.
HORSEBOY., horsibo£, -S. A boy employed in dress-
ing horses, a stable-boy.
HOUSEBREAKER, hors'bsa-kfir, s. One whose em-
ployment is to tame horses to the saddle.
HoRSKCHESTNL'T. liors-tsh&i-li&t, s. A tree, the
fruit of a tree.
IIoRSF.COUUSER, hors£kor-sur, i. One that runs
horses, or keeps horses for the race ; a dealer in horses.
HoRSHCUAB liors-kril), i. A kind, of fish.
HORSECUCUMBER, hors-kouik&m-b&r, *. A plant
— See Cucwmier.
HORSFDONCJ, horsM&ng, s. The excrement of
hor>es.
HOKSKEMMET, hors^m-m^t, s. An ant of a large
kind.
H.OUSEFLESH, Ii5rsifldsh, s. The flesh of horses.
HORSEFLY, hors^fli, i. A ay that stings horses
and sucks their blood.
IIORSEFOOT, liors^lut, i. An herb. The same
with coltsfoot
HORSEHAIR, horsihare, *. The hair of horse*.
HORSEHEEL, horsih«iil, s. An herb.
HORSELAUGH, hors-laf, $. A loud, violent, rudi
laugh.
HORSELEECH, hoVsMWtsli, * A great leech tha
bites Jiorses ; a farrier.
HORSEUTTER, hirsArt-ttir,/!. A carriage hung
upon poles between two horses, on which the [verson
carried lies along.
HOUSEMAN, hors-man, *. 88. One skilled in rid-
ing; one tlvat serves in wars on hoisiback; a rider, a
man on horseback.
HORSEMANSHIP, Iiirsiman-ship, *. The art of
riding, the art of managing a horse.
HoRStMATCH, liors-niittsl), s. A bird.
HORSEMEAT, h&nimt&t?, S. Provender.
HORSF.MINT, liors-nilllt, S. A large coarse mint.
IIORSF.MUSCLE, l:ors-ni&S-sl, ». 405. A large
muscle.
HORSEPLAY, liors^pla, s. Coarse, rough, rugged
play.
HOUSKPOND, liorsipond, S. A I>ond for horse*.
HoilSEHACE, Ii6rs-rast', i. A match of horses in
running.
HORSERADISH, Ji6rs-rad-Ish, ». A root acrid and
biting, a species of seurvygrass.
HORSESHOE, liirs-sliii, *. A plate of iron nailed
to the feet of horses ; an herb.
FlORSESTEALER, U3rs-st£ l&r, 5. A thief wh«
takes away horses.
HORSETAIL, horsitalf, s. A pUnt.
HORSETONGUE, hors^tung, *. A" hefh.
H.ORSEV'AY, hors^wa, s. A bread way by whieli
horses niay travel.
HORTATION, hor-ta-sli&n, s. The aot of exhort-
ing, advice or encouragement to something.
HORTATIVE, boi-ta-tlv, *. Exhortation, precept
by which one incites or animates.
HORTATORY, hor-tA-t&r-^, adj. 512. Encourag-
ing, animating, advising to any thing. For the last o,
see Uomeilick.
HORTICULTURE, hor-t4-k51-tsh&re, *. The art
of cultivating gardans.
HOUTL'LAN, httr-tsli6-lan, adj. 461. Belonging to
a garden.
HoSANNA, hA zan-nl/ s. 9-2. An exclamation of
praise to God.
HOSE, h6ze, 4. JJreedies ; stockings, covering for the
legs.
HOSIER, hoizlifir, s. 283. One who sells stockings.
HOSPITABLE, hisip^-ta-bl, adj. Giving entertain-
ment to strangers ; Itind to strangers.
HOSPITABLY, h&sip<* ta-ble, adv. With kindness
to strangers.
HOSPITAL, &sip<*-til, *. 394. A place built for
the reception of the sick, or support of the poor; a
place for shelter or entertainment.
HOSPITALITY, h&s-p£-taW-t£, t. The practice of
entertaining strangers.
HOST, host, *. One who gives entertainment to ano-
ther ; the landlord of an inn ; an army, numbers as-
sembled for war ; any great number ; the sacrifice of
the mass in the Roman church.
%$• Ben Jonson observes, that the ft in this word is
mute, as in fiontsti but though this letter has recovered
its |x>wer in this word, it still remain* mute in its diminu-
tive hostler, 394.
To HOST, host, t'. n. To take up entertainment ;
to encounter in battle ; to review a body of men, to
muster.
HOSTAGE, his^taje, *. 9O. One given in pledge for
security of performance of conditions.
HOSTEL, h6-t£l/ t. A genteel inn.
J£?> This word is now universally pronounced and
written without the i.
HOSTELRY, ho?-}£l-r£, *. The sam« as Hostel.
HOSTESS, hAsti^s, i. A female host, a woman that
gives entertainment.
HOSTESS-SHIP, hAst^s-shlp, *. The character of
an hostess.
HOSTILE, h&sitll adj. 140. 145. Adverse, opio-
site, suitable to an enemy.
HOSTILITY, ll&s-tlW-tt*, *. The practices ef an o-
pen enemy, open war. opposition in war.
2F
HOU
251
HUG
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m£ 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, move 164,
HOSTLER, &s£lur, *. 394. 472. One who has the
care of horses at an inn.
HOT, hftt, adj. Having the power to excite the
sense of heat, fiery; lustful, lewd; ardent, vehement,
eager, keen in desire ; piquant, acrid.
HOTBED, hot-be'd, s. A bed of earth made hot by
the fermentation of dung.
HOTBRAINED, h&ti-brand, adj. 359. Violent, ve-
hement, furious.
HoTCOCKLES, hot-kok-klz, «. 405. A child's
play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who
strikes him.
HOTHEADED, h6t-hdd-£d, adj. Vehement, vio-
lent, passionate.
HOTHOUSE, hotiho'use, s. A bagnio, a place to
sweat and cup in ; a house in which tender plants are
raised and preserved from the inclemency of the wea-
ther, and in which fruits are matured early.
HOTLY, hit-le, adv. With heat ; violently, vehe-
mently; lustfully.
HOTMOUTHED, ll5t-m6uTHd, adj. Headstrong,
ungovernable.
HOTNESS, hot£n5s, s. Heat, violence, fury.
HOTCHPOTCH, hodje-podje, 4. A mingled hash,
a mixture.
HOTSPUR, hot-spur, s. A man violent, passionate,
precipitate, and heady ; a kind of pea of speedy growth.
HoTSPURRED, hotfspurd, adj. 359. Vehement,
rash, heady.
HOVE, h6ve. The preterit of Heave.
HOVEL, h&v'll, s. 99. A shed open on the sides,
and covered over head ; a mean habitation, a cottage.
HovEN, bA-vn, part. pass. 103. Raised, swelled,
tumefied.
To HOVER, h&viur, v. n, 1 65. To hang fluttering
in the air over head ; to wander about one place,
jfj" The first syllable of this word is pronounced by
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Perry, so as to rhyme
with the first of No»el; but Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Elphiuston,
and W. Johnston, make it rhyme with the first of cover,
lover, &c. The last is, in my opinion, the most agreea-
ble to polite usage.
HOUGH, h5k, s. 392. The lower part of the thigh.
To HOUGH, hik, v. a. 392. To hamstring, to
disable by cutting the sinews of the ham ; to cut up with
an hough or hoe.
HOUND, h6und, *. 313. A dog used in the chase.
To HOUND, hound, v. a. To set on the chase; to
bunt, to pursue.
HOUNDFISH, houndifish, s. A kind of fish.
HOUNDSTONGUE, houndz-t&ng, s. A plant.
HOUR, Stir, s. 394. 313. The twenty-fourth part
of a natural day, the space of sixty minutes ; a particu-
lar time ; the time as marked by the clock.
HOURGLASS, ouriglas, s. A glass filled with sand,
which, running through a narrow hole, marks the time.
HOURLY, 6&ri.l4, adj. Happening or done every hour,
frequent, often repeated.
HOURLY, Sur-le1, adv. Every hour, frequently.
HOURPLATE, Suriplate, s. The dial, the plate on
which the hours pointed by the hand of a clock are
inscribed.
HOUSE, house, s. 313. A place wherein a man
lives, a place of human abode; any place of abode;
places in which religious or studious persons live in
common ; the manner of living, the table : station of a
planet in the heavens, astrologically considered ; family
of ancestors, descendants, and kindred, race; a body o!
the parliament, the lords or commons collectively con-
sidered.
To HOUSE, hofize, v. a. 437. To harbour, to ad-
mit to residence; to shelter, to keep under a roof.
To HOUSE, houze, v. n. To take shelter, to keep
the abode, to reside, to put into a houce ; to have an
astrological station in the heavens
HOUSEBREAKER, housibra-k&r, *. Burglar, one
who makes his way into houses to steal.
HousEBREAKiNG, hius-bra-klng, j. Burglary.
HOUSEDOG, housedog, *. A mastiff kept to guard
the house.
HOUSEHOLD, h5usUi6ld, ». A family living to-
gether; family life, domestick management ; it is used
in the manner of an adjective, to signify domestick, be-
longing to the family.
j£y- This word is sometimes corruptly spelt without
thennal e in house ; and, by the economy of typography,
:he s being joined to the A, the word is often corruptly
pronounced as if written fiow-3/t'M. — .Sue Falsehood aud
Hogshead.
HOUSEHOLDER, hous-hol-dur, s. Master of a fa-
mily.
HOUSEHOLDSTUFF, hois-hold-stuf, s. Furniture
of any house, utensils convenient for a family.
HOUSEKEEPER, hous-k^p-ur, s. Householder,
master of a family ; one who lives much at home ; a
woman servant that has the care of a family, and su-
perintends the servants.
HOUSEKEEPING, hous-k^p.Ing, adj. Domestick,
useful to a family.
HOUSEKEEPING, h6us-kWp-lng, *. The provi-
sions for a family ; hospitality, liberal and plentiful
table.
HOUSEL, hSu-z^l, s. The Holv Eucharist. Obsolete.
To HOUSEL, h5u-z£l, v. a. To give or receive the
Eucharist. Obsolete.
HOUSELEEK, hous-Ie^k, s. A plant.
HOUSELESS, hous-l5s, adj. 467. Without abode,
wanting habitation.
HOUSEMAID, hSusimade, s. A maid employed ta
keep the house clean.
HOUSEROOM, hous-room, $. 467. Place in a house.
HOUSESNAIL, hous-snale, S. A kind of snail.
HOUSEWARMING, hSusiwar-Itling, s. A feast f/t
merrymaking upon going into a new house.
HOUSEWIFE, huz-wif, s. 144. 515. The mistress
of a family ; a female economist one skilled in lumala
business.
HOUSEWIFELY, huziwlf l£, adj. Skilled in the
acts becoming a housewife.
HOUSEWIFELY, huz-wll-lt*, adv. With the eco-
nomy of a housewife.
HOUSEWIFERY, huz-wff-r£, s. Domestick or fe-
male business, management, female economy.
HOUSING, hou-zlng, *. Cloth originally used to
keep off' dirt, now added to saddles as ornamental.
How, hou, adv. 223. In what manner, to what de-
gree; for what reason, for what cause ; by what means,
in what state ; it is used in a sense marking proportion
or correspondence ; it is much used in exclamation.
HOWBEIT, hou-b&It, adv. Nevertheless, notwith-
standing, yet, however. Not now in use.
HOWD'YE, hou-d£-ye\ How do ye? In what state
is your health ?
HOWEVER, h5u-3vivur, adv. In whatsoever man-
ner, in whatsoever degree ; at all events, happen what
will, at least; nevertheless, notwithstanding, yet.
To HOWL, houl, v. n. 223. To cry a* a wolf or
dog; to utter cries in distress; to speak with a belluine
cry or tone ; it is used poetically 01 any noise loud aud
horrid.
HOWL, houl, s. The cry of a wolf or dog ; the cry
of a human being in horror.
HowsOEVKR, liou-so-£v-vur, adv. In what man-
ner soever ; although.
HoY, hoe, s. 329. A large boat, sometimes with
one deck.
HUBBUB, hub-bob, s. A tumult, a riot.
HUCKABACK, h&k-ka-bAk, s. A kind of linen on
which the figures are raised.
HuCKLEBACKEU, hukikl-bikt, adj. Crooked in
the shoulders.
HUCKLEBONE, huk-kl-bAne, s. The hip-bone.
HUCKSTER, huksitur, 98.
HUCKSTERER, huksitur-ur,
goods by retail, or in small quantities ; a trickUU mean
fellow.
One who sells
HUM
255
HUN
u5r 167, nit 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 611 299 — ptlund 313 — thin 466 — THis 460.
To HUCKSTER, huksit&r, v. n. To deal in petty
bargains.
To H UOTLE, hud-dl, v. a. 405. To dress up close-
so as not to lie discovered, to mobble ; to put on care-
lesslv in a hurry ; to cover up in haste; to perform in
a hurry : to throw together in confusion.
To HUDDLE, hud-dl, v. n. To come in a crowd
or hurry.
Hl'DDI.E, hud^d!, *. 405. Crowd, tumult, con-
fusion.
HUE, hi, $. 335 Colour, die; a damour, a legal
pursuit. His commonlv joined with cry, as, to raise
a Hue and Cry after a roboer.
HuFF. huf, s. Swell of sudden anger.
To HUFF, huf, v. a. To swell, to puff; to hector,
to treat with insolence and arrogance.
To HUFF, liuf, v. n. To bluster, to storm, to bounce.
HUFFISH, huffish, adj. Arrogant, insolent, hec-
toring.
HUFFISHLY, huP.fish-l<*, adv. With arrogant pe-
tulance.
HuFFISHNESS, huf^flsll-ll^s, S. Petulance, arro-
gance, noisy bluster.
To HUG, hug, v. a. To press close in an embrace;
to fondle, to treat with tenderness ; to hold fast.
HUG, hug, s. Close embrace.
HUGF,, huje, adj. Vast, immense ; great even to
deformity.
Hu-GELY, hujf-W, adv. Immensely, enormously ;
greatly, very much.
HUGENESS. huje£n£s, ». Enormous bulk, greatness.
HuGGERMUGGER, hug£gur-m6g-gur, s. Secrecy,
by -place. A cant word.
HuLK, hulk, .1. The body of a ship ; any thing
bulky and unwieldy.
HULL, hul. *. The husk or integument of ar,y thing,
the outer covering ; the body of a ship, the hulk.
HuLLY, hul-te, adj. Husky, full of hulls.
Tt> HUM, hum, v. a. To make the noise of bees ;
>o make an inarticulate and buzzing sound ; to pause in
speaking, and supply the interval with an audible emis-
sion of breath ; to sing low ; to applaud. Approbation
was commonly expressed
bum, about a century ago.
; to arm
in publi
ick assemblies by a
HuMBLEBEE, umMjl-bW, *. A buzzing wild bee.
an herb.
HuMBLEMOUTHED, um-bl-mouTHd, adj. Mild,
meek.
HUMBLENESS, &m-bl-n5s, «. Humility, absence
HUMBLEPLANT, fimifal-plint, *. A species of sen-
sitive plant.
HUMBLER, &m4>l-ur, s. 98. One that humbles or
subdues himself or others.
HUMBLES, ftm-blz, ». 4O5. Entrails of a deer.
HUMBLY, um-blti, adv. With humility, without
elevation.
HUMDRUM, humidrum, adj. Dull, dronish, stupid.
f v. a.
To wet,
Jt^" " But when from thence the hen he draws,
" Amftz'd spectators Mum applause."
Gai/i FaUt of the Juggler.
There is a vulgarsense of this word, which, though it has
not found a place in any Dictionary, has perhaps as good
a title to it as Bambooxle, with which it is synonymous.
HUM, hum, *. The noise of bees or insects ; the
noise of bustling crowds; any low dull noise; a pause
with an articulate sound; an expression of applause.
HUM, hum, intay. A sound implying doubt and
deliberation.
HUMAN, hu-m&n, adj. 88. Having the qualities
of a man.
HUMANE, hu-mine,' adj. Kind, civil, benevolent,
good-natured.
HUMANELY, hu-m&ne-l£, adv. Kindly, with good-
nature.
HUMANIST, hu-mi-nlst, s. A philologer, a gram-
marian.
HUMANITY, hi-mSn-i-te*, s. The nature of man ;
humankind, the collective body of mankind ; kindness,
tenderness ; philology, grammatical studies.
To HUMANIZE, hu-min Ize, v. a. To soften, to
make susceptive of tenderness or benevolence.
HUMANKIND, hu-min-kylnd.'s. The race of man.
HUMANLY, hu-mln-l£, adv. After the notions of
men ; kindly, with good-nature.
HuMBIRD, hum-burd, s. The humming bird.
HUMBLE, um-bl, adj. 394. 405. Not proud, mc~
t dest, not arrogant ; low, not high, not great.
To HUMBLE, fim-bl, v. a. To make humble, to
make submissive; to crush, to break, to subdue; to
make to condescend ; to bring down from a height.
To HUMECT,
To HUMECTATE, hu m£k-tate
to moisten. Little used.
HUMECTATION, hu-m£k-ta-shun, s. The act of
wetting, moistening.
HUMERAL, hu-me-ril, adj. Belonging to the
shoulder.
HUMID, hu-mld, adj. Wet, moist, watery.
HUMIDITY, hi-mld^ t^, s. Moisture, or the powet
of wetting other bodies.
HUMILIATION, hu-mll-^-a-shun, s. Descent from
greatness, act of humility; mortification, uxiern.il ex-
pression of sin and unworthiness ; abatement of pride.
HUMILITY, hu-m51-e-t<*, s. Freedom from pride,
modesty, not arrogance ; act of submission.
HUMMER, hum-mur, s. One that hums.
HUMORAL, yu-m6-rul, adj. 88. 394. Proceed-
ing from humours.
HUMORIST, yu-mur-lst, t. One who conducts him-
self by his own fancy, one who gratifies his own hu-
mour.
Jrt» This word is often, though improperly, used for a
jocular person.
HUMOROUS, yu-mflr-US, adj. 314. Full of gro-
tesque or odd images; capricious, irregular; pleasant,
jocular.
HUMOROUSLY, y u'mur-us-y, adv. Merrily, jo-
cosely ; with caprice, with whim.
HuMOROUSNESS, yu-mur.us-n£s, s. Fickleness,
capricious levity.
HuMORSOME, yu-mur-sum, a((j. Peevish, petu-
lant; odd, humorous.
HuMORSOMELY, yu-m&r-sum !<*, adv. Peevish-
ly, petulantly.
314. 394. Moisture; the
different kinds of moisture in man's body ; general turn
or temper of mind ; present disposition ; grotesque
imagery, jocularity, merriment: diseased or morbid
disposition ; petulance, peevishness; a trick, caprice,
ivhim, predominant inclination.
To HUMOUR, yu'mur, v. a. To gratify, to soothe
by compliance, to fit, to comply with.
HUMP, hump, s. A crooked back.
HUMPBACK, hump-bJk, s. Crooked back, high
shoulders
HUMPBACKED, hump-bakt, adj. Having a crook-
ed back.
To HUNCH, ll&nsh, v. a. To strike or punch with
the fists ; to crook the back.
HUNCHBACKKD, huMiliibikt, adj. 359. Having
a crooked back.
HUNDRED, hCinMnkl, or hun^durd, adj. Consist-
ing of ten multiplied by ten.
If^ This word has a solemn and a colloquial pronunci-
ation. In poetry and oratory, the first moJe is best; on
other occasions, the last.
HUNDRED, htm-dr£d, j. The number of ten mul-
tiplied by ten ; a company or body consisting of a
hundred ; a canton or division of a county, consisting,
originally, of ten tithings.
HUNDREDTH, huiAlr£d//i, adj. The ordinal of t
hundred.
HUNG, hung. The pret. and part. past, of
Hang.
1UIR 256 II YD
t^- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fail 83, fat 81— mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 162, rnive 164,
HUNGER, li&ngigfir, *. 409. Desire of food, the HURTI.ESS. ll&rt-l^s, afij. Innocent, harmless, in-
pain felt from fasting ; any violent desire. • noxious doing no harm ; receiving no hurt.
To HUNGER, hfingi^fir, r. n. 98. To feel the Hl'RTLESSI.Y, h&rtM£s-l£, adv. Without harm,
pain of hunger ; to desire with great eagerness. | HuRTLESSNESS, hurtilfe-nfe, t. Freedom from
HUNGERBIT, Imng-gur-blt, >
HUNGERBITTEN, lifingij;&r-blt-tn, J a J'
Pained or weakened witli hunger.
jo i any pvrnicintis quality.
HUSBAND, h&zMj&nd, s. 88. 515. The
IlrNGERLY, hfrngig&r-l£, atlj. Hungry, in want
of no'iri-hmcnt.
IIUNGERLY, h&ng'gur-le, adv. With keen appe-
tive to wife, a man married to a wnninn ; the male til
animals : an economist, a man that knows and practises
the methods of frugality and profit ; a farmer.
To HUSBAND, h6zib&nH, t'. a. To supply with a
tite.
HrNGERSTARVED, ll&ngij
ed with hunger, pinched by
husband; to manage with frugality ; to till, to culti-
'~! HUSBANDLESS, hftz-b&nd-lds, adj. Without a
dj. 359. Pinched by H JsBA"Di.Y. l.&zibftnd tf. adj. Frugal, thrifty.
miser.
To HUNT, h&nt, v. a. To chase
pursue, to follow close ; to search fo
nage hounds in the chase.
To HUNT, hint, r. n. To follow the chase ; to
pursue or search.
HUNT, h&nt, *. A pack of hounds ; a chase ; pursuit.
HUNTER, h&n-t&r, J. One who chases animals for
pastime ; a dog that scents game or beasts of prey.
HUNTINGHOBN, llun-tlng-hirn, *. A bugle, a
horn used to cheer the hounds.
HUNTRESS, him-tr£s, *. A woman that follows the
chase.
HUNTSMAN, h&nts-min, *. 88. One who delights
in the chase; the servant whose office it is to manage
the chase.
HUNTSMANSHIF, h&ntsiman-shlp, *. The quali •
fi cat ions of a hunter.
HURDLE, h&r^dl, «. 405. A texture of sticlu wo-
ven together.
HuRDS, h&rdz, s. The refuse of hemp or flax.
To HURL, h&rl, v. a. To throw with violence, to
drive impetuously ; to utter with vehemence ; to play
at a kind of game.
HuRL, hurl, t. Tumult, riot, commotion ; a kind
of game.
HuRLBAT, hirlibAt, «. Wliirlbat
Ilritl.r.R, hur-lir, *. One that plays at hurling.
HURLY, hurMi, ^ fc Tamatt
t. A violent
1 i flomesiicK anairs.
I HUSH, lifi.sh, inter!. Silence! be still! no noise !
wild animals; to TI , » , .•„.,.
r; to direct or ma-! "««' ****** S""' "*"'' "U'et
HURLYBURLY,
commotion, bustle.
HURRICANE, hur're-kin,
HURRICANO,
storm, such as is often experienced in the western hemi-
sphere— See l.timbago.
To HURRY, hur-re, t>. a. To hasten, to put into
precipitation or confusion.
To HURRY, h&rirti, v. n. To move on with pre-
cipitation.
HuRRY, h&r-r£, *. Tumult, precipitation, commo-
tion, haste.
HuRRY-SKURRY, b.5r-ri-skfir-nrj, aiii>. (A word
formed to express its owu meaning.) Wildly.
To HURT, hurt, v. a. jtret. I Hurt; j>art. /VIM.
I have Hurt. To mischief, to harm; to wound, to
pain by some bodily harm.
HURT, h&rt, t. Harm, mischief; wound or bruise.
HURTER, liZirt-'ir. s. One that does harm.
HURTFUL, h&rt-!ul, adj. Mischievous, pernicious.
HURTFULLY, llirt-ful-lii, adv. Mischievously, per-
nicinusly.
HUUTFULNESS, li&rt-ffil ru5s, jr. Mischievousncss,
peniiciousncss.
To HURTLE, huritl, p. n. 405. To skirmish, u>
n:n against any thing, tu jostle
HuRTLERERUY, li£ir-tl-b£r-e, t. Bilberry.
o HUSH, hush, r. a. To still, to silence, to quiet,
to appease.
HUSHMONF.Y, h&sl>im&n-£, S. A bribe to hinder
information.
HUSK, h&sk, *. The outmost integument of some sorts
of fruit.
To HUSK, hfisk, v. a. To strip off the outer inte-
fument.
HUSKED, hfisik£:l, adj. 366. Bearing a husk,
covered with a husk.
HUSKY, husik£, adj. Abounding in husks.
HUSSAR, Imz-zar/ s. One of the Hungarian horse-
men, so called from the shout they generally make at
the first onset.
HUSSY, huz-ze, s. A sorry or bad woman.
HUSTINGS, h&s-tlngz, *. A council, a court held.
To HUSTLE, h&s-sl, v. a. 472. To shake together.
HUSWIFE, h&zizlf, J- 144. A bad manager, a sorry
woman ; an economist, a thrifty woman.
To HUSWIFE, h&zizif, v. a. To manage with e-
conomy and frugality.
HUSWIFEHY, liU7.izlf-ri, t. Management good or
bad; management of rural business committed to wo-
men.
HUT, hfit, *. A poor cottage.
HUTCH, h&ish, *. A corn chest
To HUZZ, h&z, v. n. To buzz, to murmur.
Ht'ZZA, liuz-za/ interject. 174. A shout, a cry
of acclamation.
To HUZZA, huz-za^ v. n. To utter acclamation.
To HUZZA, h&z-za/ v. a. To receive with accla-
mation.
HYACINTH, lil-a-slllM, S. A plant, a kind of pre-
cious stone.
HYACINTHINE, hi-4-sin-tAln, adj 140. M.ide of
hyacinths.
HYADES, hlia-di
HYAUS, hi-idz, 187.
S. A watery constellation.
HYALINE, hi-a-lln, adj. 150. Glassy, crystalline.
IlYbXlDOUS. lill)U>r^ d&s, adj. Begotten between
annnals of different species; p.oduced from plants of
different kinds.
IIVDATIDES, hl-dat^-d^Z, S. 187. Little transpa-
rent bladders of water in any part, most common in
<l:ops;cal persons.
HvuUA, I Udra, «. A monster with many heads,
sl.nn by Hercules.
ll\ KHAGDGUE8, hWra-g&gz, s. 1 87. Such mertw
11 i • :i (.ir:'Mon the di-chnigu of watery hun.our*
IC'AL. hi-dia«-i-l(.l-kAl,
llM ..UMItK, lil-drlwillk.
ii> the (.'Kiivcyance of walcr through pipes,
) .
J "J-
HYM
2;' 7
HYP
n6r 167, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—511 299 — p«5und 313— thin 4G6 — THis 469
HYDRAULICKS, hl.driwillks, s. 187. The science
of conveying water through pipes or conduits.
lll-ll
$. 180. A watery rup-
ftj1" This word, like all of the same origin and form, as
Bubonocele, Enterocele, Bronchocele, Spermatocele, Sarco
ccle, &c. ought to be pronounced with the e final for
a syllable ; for as they are perfectly Gicek words, as iS
ing
,
>i, or formed from the Greek, as, Biiterocele from J»-
TI;O> and xr.'f.r., they ought to be pronounced likeai* »tro-
plie, hyperbole, &c. The reason why IJiastyle and Osteo-
cope are not pronounced so as lo make the final e and the
preceding consonant form a distinct syllable, is, that they
are not perfectly Greek words, but formed from 5/a and
f-u\m ; and iTvio» and xc-cru, where we tind the Greek ter-
minal ion altered.
HYDROCEPHALUS, hi-drA-s&ifi-l&s, «. A dropsy
in the head.
HYDROGEN, hUdr&-j£n, 5. A chemical principle
generating water. - See Oxygen.
HYDROGRAPHER, hi-dio^grJ-fur, j. One who
draws m»ps of the sea.
HYDROGRAPHY, hi dr&g'grl-f^, s. 518. De-
scription of the watery part of the terraqueous "lobe.
HYDROMANCY, hi-dro-min-se, s. 510. Predic-
tion by water.
HVDROMEL, hUdro-m£l, S. 180. Honey and wa-
ter.
HYDROMETER, hl-dromim4-tur, s. 518. An in-
strument to measure the extent of water.
HYDROMETRY, hl-drom-mti-tre, s. The act of
measuring the extent of water.
HYDROPHOBIA, hi-ilri-lo-be i, s. Dread of water.
~r$- 1 have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the accen-
tuation of this word ; for my reason, see Cydojitedia. Dr.
Keuiiek, Dr. Ash, Mr. Scott, Mr. Buchanan, Mr. Kntiek.
Xlr. Barclay, and Dr. Johuson, are uniformly for the
antepenultimate accent.
HYDHOPICAL, hi-drip'p^-kil, 7 .
HYDROPICK, I)l-dr5i>ipik, J a J'
diseased with extravasated water.
HYDROSTATICAL, ll-dr6-stltA*-kil, adj. Relat-
ing to hydrostaticks, taught by hydrostaticks.
HYDKOSTATICALLY, ht-dro-stlt-4-kil-^, adv.
According lo hydrostaticks.
HYDROSTATICKS, hl-dru-st&tMks, s. The science
ot weighing lluids; weighing bodies in fluids.
HYDUOTICKS, hi-dr&tiiks, s. Purgers of water or
phlegm.
HYEMAL, hi (i'mil, adj. Belonging to winter.
HYEN,
HYENA, hi-e^ni,
Dropsical,
An animal like a wo'.f.
II \GROMMKK, l)i gromimi-tur, s. 187. An in-
strmujiH ..:X measure the degrees of moisture.
HYGIVOSCOPE, hKgro skopo, s. An instrument to
shew t!i.- moisture and dryness of the air, and to mea-
sure and estimate the quantity of either extreme.
HYM, him, s. A sixties of dog.
HYMEN, hl-mSn, s. The god of marriage; the vir-
ginal membrane.
HYMENEAL, hi me-neial, ?
HYMENEAN, lil-me-n^in, 5 *"
marriage song.
HYMENEAL,
HYMENEAN, hl-me
adj. Pertaining to
marriage.
JO" In the*e compounds of Hymen, Mr. Sheridan has
shortened the t in the first syllable; but though I think
tliis tendency of the secondary accent to shorten the vowel
perfectly agreeable to analogy, yet y has so frequently
the sound of long i, that it seems, in this case and some
others, to counteract that tendency, nor can any other
reason be given why the same letter in hyperbolical and
bypcrcritic should be long, as Mr. Sheridan has properly
maiked them. Dr. Kemick, Mr. Uuchanan, and Mr.
Perry, by their notation, seem of the s..me opinion.
HYMN, him, s. An encomiastick song, or song of
adoration to some superior being.
To HYMN, him, t;. a. To praise in song, to wor-
ship with hymns.
N, him, v. n. To sing songs of adoration.
II Y.MMCK, hlm-nlk, adj. Relating to hymns.
HYMNING, lilm-ning, part. aitj. ill. Celebrating
in hymns.
To HYP, hip, v. a. To make melancholy, to du-
pirit.
HYPALLAGE, h£ pil-li-j4, s. A figure by which
words change their cases with each other.
HYPER, l.i-p&r, s. Injudiciously used by Prior
for a hypercntiek.
HYPERBOLA, hi-p^ribo li, s. 187. A term in
mathematicks.
HYPERBOLE, hi p£rM)6-!i, *. 187. A figure in
rhetorick by which any thing is increased or diminished
beyond the exact truth.
Jfji- None of our orthocpists but Dr. Johnson accent
this word on the first syllable ; and that he should do so is
the more surprising, as all his poetical authorities adopt
a different pronunciation :
" Hyptrbvl
daring and so bold,
bounds, are yet by rules
HYPERBOLICAL, hl-p£r-b61-le- k£l. ) ,.
• i i i 11/11 r odj. Bc-
HYPERBOLICK, hi per-bol-ik, j "
longing to the hyperbola; exaggerating or extenuating
beyond fact.
HYPERBOLICALLY, hi p£r-b61-l£-kil-lt*, ado. 509.
Inform of an hyperbola; with exaggeration or exte-
nuation.
HYFERBOLIFORM, hi-p5r-bol-l£-form, adj. Hav-
ing the form, or nearly the form, of the hypei bola.
HYPERBOREAN, hi-p£r-bo-re-un, adj. Northern.
HYPERCHITICK, hi-p£r-krlt-lk, s. A critick exact
or captious bey ond use or i eason.
HYPERCRITICAL, hi p£r-krit^-kll, adj. Critical
beyond Use.
HYPERMETER, hi-p£r£m^-tur, s. 581. Any thing
greater than the standard requires.
HYPEHSARCOSIS, hi-p£r-s&r-ko-sls, s. 520. The
growth of fungous or proud flesh.
HYPHEN, hi-l£n, «. A note of conjunction, as, vir-
tue, ever-living.
HYPNOTICK, hip-nit^Ik, s. Any medicine that in-
duces sleep.
HYPOCHONDRES, li!p-6-k6nid&rz, s. 415. The two
regions of the b.lly containing the liver and ihe spleen.
HYPOCHONDRIACAL, hlp-po kon-dri-i-kil, adj.
Melancholy ; disordeied in the imagination, producing
melancholy.
HYPOCHONDRIACS, hlp-pA-kou-dre-ik, *. One
aflected wiih melancholy.
HYPOC1ST, hlp£6-sist, s. An astringent medicine
of considerable power.
HYPOCRISY, he-p5k-kr£ s^, s. 187. Dissimulation
wiih regard to the moral or religious character.
HYPOCRITE, hlpipo-krlt, S. 156. A dissembler in
morality or religion.
HYPOCRITICAL, hip-pA kr!t-Ik-kSl,
HYPOCHITICK, I Ip-p6-krititlk,
sembling, insincere, appearing differently from the re-
ality.
HYPOCRITICALLY, hIp-po-krit-ik-kAl-<i, adv.
With dissimulation, without sincerity.
HYPOGASTRICK, iilp-6-gis-trik, adj. Seated in the
f adj. DU
lower pai t of the belly
HYFOGUCM,
512. A name which
the ancient architects gave tJftellars and vaults.
IlYPOSTASIS, lii-pib^ti-sls, «. 187. Distinct sub-
stance ; personality , a term used in the doctrine of Lh«
Holy Trinity.
HYPOSTATICAL, hl-pA-st3ti^-kAl, adj. Constitu-
tive, constititent as distinct ingredients ; personal, di»-
tinetly personal.
HYPOTENUSE, hi-pot^-nuse, s. 187. The line
that subtends the right angle of a right-angled triangl. ,
the subtense.
jpV- Mr. Sheridan and Dr. Ash accent this word on the
second syllable; but Ur. Johnson, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. bar-
clay, liaiicy, and Buchanan, on the la.it. '1 he.>c authoii-
lie* in.liicid me, in the liist ediuou of thin Uiciiouary, to
ICO
258
IDY
559. File 73, fJr 77, fill 83,f3t81 — me 93, met 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, muve
place the accent on the last syllable; but, upon farther
inquiry, I found the best usage decidedly in favour of the
antepenultimate accent; and as the secondary accent is on
the second syllable of the Latin Hypotentaa, this aecen
tuation seems most agreeable to analogy. — See Academy
and Incomparable.
HYPOTHESIS, hlp-p5//j^-sls, or hl-pArt^-sls, s.
187. A supposition, a system formed under some prin-
ciple not proved.
HYPOTHETICAL, lil-pA -l/ie't-te-kAl, 187. 7 ,•
HYPOTHETICK, hi po-//«k-t>k, 187. $
Including a supposition, conditional.
HYPOTHETIC-ALLY, hi po-«/j£t-te-kll-le, adv.
187. Upon supposition, conditionally.
HYSSOP, hiz-zfrp, or h&ifip, s. A plant. It has
been a great dispute, whether the hyssop commonly
known :s the same word which is mentioned in Scrip-
ture.
£^- Mr. Sheridan, Mr Scott, Mr. Fntick, W. John-
ston, and Buchanan, pronounce this word in the second
manner: Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, and Mr. Perry, in the
first. To pronounce the y long before double s is con-
trary to every rule of orthoepy ; and therefore as the first
mode is undoubtedly the best, the other ought to be re-
linquished.
HYSTERICAL, his t£rire-kiU, 7 ,-
HYSTERICS, hls-tWrlk, 509, { a'1^ TrouWpd with
fits, disordered in the regions of the womb ; proceed-
ing from disorders in the womb.
HYSTERICKS, lik-teririks, *. Fits of women, sup-
posed to proceed from disorders in the womb.
I.
1, 1, pronoun jyersnnal. Oblique case Me;
plural We ; oblique case Us. The pronoun of the fir.-t
person, Myself; I is more than once, in Shakespeare,
(and Dr. Johnson might have added, very often in Beau-
mont and Fletcher,) written for ay or yes. Nay, Ben
Jonson in his grammar makes this letter an adverb of
affirmation. — See Principles. No. 8, lc'5, 18.5.
JtjT- It may be remaiked, that the frequent use of this
letter in our old drumstick writers instead of Ay, is proof
that our ancestors pronounced / much broader than we
do at present, ami somewhat approaching to the sound it
has at this day in the north of England. — See Vheclions
to Foreigners prefixed to this Dictionary.
lACINTH, i-i-sln/A, j. The same with hyacinth ;
a precious stone.
lAMBICK, 1-imi-blk, 4. Verses composed of a short
and long syllable alternately.
ICE, Ise, S. Water or other liquor made solid by
cold ; concreted sugar ; to break the ice, to make the
first opening to any attempt.
To ICE, Ise, t/. a. To cover with ice, to turn to
ice; to cover with concreted sugar.
ICEHOUSE, Isc-house, s. A house in which ice is
reposited.
ICHNEUMON, Ik-mVmin, s. A small animal that
breaks the eggs of the crocodile.
ICHNEUMONFLY, Ik-m^ni&n fll, i. A sort of fly.
ICHNOGRAPHY, Ik-nig-gnV I'i, s. 518. The
ground plot.
ICHOR, Rkor, s. 166. A thin watery humour like
serum.
ICHOIIOUS, 1-kor-fis, adj. Sanious, thin, undigested
ICHTHYOLOGY, !k-<£&-fl£&-j£, s. 518. The doc-
trine of the nature of fish.
ICHTHYOPHAGIST,lk-/Ai-&M-jlst, s, A fish eater:
one who lives on fish.
ICHTHYOPHAGY, !k-</^-&fii-j^, s. The practice of
eating fish ; fish diet.
ICICLE, 1-slk-kl, s. 405. A shoot of ice hanging
down.
1 1: 1 NESS, Iir.£-n3s, ,<r. The state of generating ice.
ICON, l-k&n, s. 166. A picture or representation.
ICONOCLAST, Lk&ii-o-klAst, s. A tu taker of im-
age*.
ICONOI.OGY, l-kA-n&U6-je, *. 518. The doeinnt
of picture or representation.
ICTEHICAL, Ik-terie-kil, adj. 509. Afflicted with
the jaundice, good against the jaundice.
ICX, 1-se1, adj. Full of ice, corered with ice, cold.
frosty ; cold, free from passion ; frigid, backward.
I'l), ide. Contracted for I would.
IDEA, i dt'-u. ». 115. A mental image.
IDEAL, i-de-IU, adj. Mental, intellectual.
IDEALLY, i de^l-l^, adi>. Intellectually, mentally
IDENTICAL. J-d£nite-kal, ) adj. The same, imply
IDENTICK, 1 dJaitlk, ) ing the same thing
To IDENTIFY, l-d^n^te-fl, v. a. To prove a per-
son or thing to be really the same.
IDENTITY, 1 d£n-te-te, *. Sameness, not diversity.
IDES, Idz, s. A term anciently used among th<*
Romans with regard to time; and meant the fii'ti-nrh
day of March, May, July, and October, and the thir-
teenth of every other month.
IDIOCRACY, ld-e-ok-kri-se. «. 518. Peculiarity of
constitution.
IDIOCRATICAL, Id-e-6-krJt-te-kJl, adj. Peculiar
in constitution.
IDIOCY, Id^e-o-s^, s. Want of understanding.
IDIOM, id-e-tim, 5. 166. A mode of speaking pe
culiar to a language or dialect.
IDIOMATICAL, Id-e-i-mAti^-kJl, 509. > ..
IDIOMATIC*, ld-e-6.matiik, £
Peculiar to a tongue, phraseological.
IDIOPATHY, ld-e-&j/pi th&, *. 518. A primary
disease that neither depends on nor proceeds from an-
other.
IDIOSYNCRASY, ld-e-i-slnikri se, $. A j^cuiiar
temjier or disposition not common to another.
IDIOT, hW-&t, 5. 1 66. A fool, a natural, a changeling
IDIOTISM, Id-e-ut-Izm, s. Peculiarity of expres-
sion ; folly, natural imbecility of mind.
IDLE, lidl, adj. 405. Lazy, averse from labour ; no<
busy, not employed ; useless, vain ; trifling, of no im-
portance.
To IDLE, i-dl, v. n. To lose time in laziness and in-
activity.
IDLEHEADED, i-dl-hed-d£d, adj. Fool.sh, unrea-
sonable.
IDLENESS, Udl-n^s, s. Laziness, sloth, sluggit.li ness ;
omission of business ; trivialness ; uselessness; worth-
lessness.
IDLER, l-dl-fir, J. 98. A fazy person, a sluggard ;
one who trilles away his time.
IDLY, 1-dl-c, adv. Lazily, without employment ;
foolishly, in a trifling manner ; carelessly, without at-
tention; ineffectually, vainly.
IDOL, UdCll, s. 37. 166. An image worshipped as
(Jed: an image; a representation; one loved or ho-
noured to adoration.
IDOLATER, l-dol-la-t&r, i. 98. One who pays di-
vine honours to images, one who worships ihe creature
instead of the Creator.
To IDOLATRIZE, i-doWi-trize, v. a. To worship
idols.
IDOLATROUS, I dol-li-tr&s, ail;. 314. Tending to
idolatry, comprising idolatry.
iDOLATROrSLY, Uilol-la-trus-le, nilv. In an ido-
latrous miinner.
IDOLATRY, i-d&Kli-trd, s. The worship of images.
IDOI.IST, iy&l-Ist, S. 166'. A worshipper of imapes.
To luOLIXE, i-d& lize, v. a. To love or rcveri-nte
to adoration.
IDONEOUS, i-do^ne.&s, adj. Fit, proper, convenient.
IDYL, i-dil, s. A small short poem , in the pastoral
style, an eclogue.
JT"^' As DKM e is sometimes an erroneous pronunciation
of this word, by making the i short as in the fir*t syllable
of vliot, 1 have thought it necessary to .pioie the autho-
rities for pronouncing it long as in tillt ; namely, Mr.Sh«-
ritlan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, and Knticfc. Dr.
Ash, l.ardu',, and fetmiug, do not distinguish it, by the
259
ILL
nor 167, not 163 — tfcbe 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — 611 599 — pofind SIS— t/tln 466 — THIS 469.
position of the accent, from the first t in iiKot ; and Dr. ( of any thing into another ; tuddcn attack, casual com
Kenrick, as is usual with him when any difficulty occurs, ! ing.
does not mark it or divide it into syllables. But the au- To ILLAQUEATE, ll-laikwi-ate, t;. a. 507. To
thorities I have produced are sufficient to vindicate the entang|e to entrap, to ensnare.
long sound oft, without recurring to the diphthong in the T. r AOfIPATInv 5] |i.Uwe a'ahftn t The art at
original .,'Sa>.<«, as the Greek and Latin quantities are 1LLAQUEATION, ll-l^kwe a-StlOn, s. 1
very uncertain and fallacious guides to the quantity of catching or ensnaring: a snare, any thing to catch.
English words. See Principles, No. 544, 545, Ac. ' j ILLATION, 11-la^shuii, s. Inference, conclusion drawn
IF, If, cow. Suppose that, allow that ; whether or from premises.
Relating to iiia-
405. Unworthy
, , . , .
not; though I doubt whether, suppose it to be granted ILLATIVE, ll-la-tlv, adj. 157.
that. | tion or conclusion.
GNEOUS, Igin£ &s, adj. Fiery, containing fire, ILLAUDABLE, 11-lawida-bl, adj.
emitting fire. | of praise or commendation.
IGNIPOTENT, lg-nlpipo tent, adj. 518. Presid- , ILI.AUDABLY, il-law^da. bit*, adv. Unworthily,
ing over fire. | without deserving praise.
IGNIS-FATUUS. Iginls-fatishi-fts, s. Will. with- 1 ILLEGAL, ll-te-»al, a((j. 88. Contrary to law.
ihe-wiip, Jack-with-the-lantern. ILLEGALITY, ll.l&gftlM4-t£, 3. Contrariety to law.
To IGNITE Ig.nlte/t,. a. To hndle, to .et on fire. ILL£G U4®»-^ adv. In a manner contrary
IGNITION, Ig-nish-un, *. The act ol kindling, or
of setting on fire.
to law_
ICNITIBLE, 1g-m-t£-bl, adj. Inflammable, capable
of being set on fire.
IGNIVOMOUS, Ig-nlvivA-m&s, adj. 518. Vomit-
ing fire.
IGNOBLE, lg-rsoM>l, adj. 405. Mean of birth ;
worthless, not deserving honour.
IGNOBLY, Ig-no^bl^, adv. Ignominiously, meanly,
dishonourably.
IGNOMINIOUS, Ig-no-mln-y&s, adj. 113. Mean,
shameful, reproachful.
IGNOMINIOUSLY, lg-no-mln£y&s-l<*, adv Meanly,
scandalously, disgracefully.
IGNOMINY, ig-n6-min-i, t. Disgrace, reproach,
shame.
J£5=- This word is sometimes, but very improperly, pro-
nounced with the accent on the second syllable, a< if di-
vided into ig-n6m-i-ny ; but it must be observed, that this
termination is not enclitical, 513, and the accent on the
first syllable seems agref-able to the general rule in similar
words. All our orthoepists are uniform in placing the ac-
cent on the first syllable of this word. — See Incomi>araUe.
IGNORAMUS. lg-no-ra-mus, *. The endorsement
of the grand jury on a bill of indictment, when they
apprehend there" is not sufficient foundation for the
prosecution ; a fool'sh fellow, a vain uninstructed pre-
tender.
IGNORANCE, Ig-n6-ranse, *. Want of knowledge,
uiiskilfulness; want of knowledge, discovered by ex
ternal effect; in this sense it has a plural.
"IGNORANT, Ig-no.rant, adj. Wanting knowledge;
unlearned, uninstructed ; unknown, undiscovered ; un-
acquainted with ; ignorantly made or done.
IGNORANT, Ig-no-rant, s. One untaught, unlet-
tered, uninstructed.
IGNORANTLY, lg-no-r3nt-l<K adv. Without know-
ledge, unskilfully, without information.
Tn IGNORE, Ig-lior?,' V. a. Not to know, to be ig-
norant of.
lo.NOSCIBLE, Ig-nosisibl, adj. Capable of pardon
ISLE, He, from Aide, a wing. French. A walk
or alley in a church or publick building.
Il.EX, l-l6x, «. The scarlet oak.
Il.IAC, lUe-ak, adj. Relatin; to the lower bowels.
lUAC PASSION, 1W ak-pasli-Qn, s. A kind o
nervous colick, whose seat is the ilium, whereby tha
gut is twisted, or one part enters the cavity of the part
immediately below or above.
ILL, 11, adj. Bad in any respect, contrary to good
whether physical or moral, evil ; sick, disordered, no
in health.
ILL, 11, «. Wickedness; misfortune, misery.
ILL, 11, adv. Not well, not rightly in any respect; no
easily.
ILL, sub. adj. or adv. is used in composition to ex
piess any bad quality or condition.
IL, befoie words beginning with L, stands fo;
In or Un.
ILLACHHYMABLE, 11-lakiknJ-ma-bl, adj. 353
405. Incapable of weeping.
ILLAPSE, ll-Iaps/ s. Gradual immission or entrant-
ILLEGIBLE, ll-l£d-j£-bl, adj. 405. What cannot
be read.
ILLEGITIMACY, Il-l<*-jlti«i-ma-s4, t. state of bat-
tardy.
LLEGIT1MATE, U-l£-jlt£t£-mate, adj. 91. Un-
lawfully begotten, not begotten in wedlock.
ILLEGITIMATELY, 1 -te-jltitd-mat-le, adv. Not
begotten in wedlock.
[LLEGITIMATION, II li-jlt-ti-ma-sh&n, *. The
state of one not begotten in wedlock.
ILLEVIABLE, ll-l£viv4-4-bl, adj. 405. What
cannot be levied or exacted.
[LLFAVOURED, ll-faiv&rd, adj. 362. Deformed.
ILLFAVOUREDLY, ll-fa-v&rd-lti, adv. With de-
formity.
ILLFAVOUREDNESS, 11- fa-vurd-n£s, *. Deformity.
ILLIBERAL, il-llb-b£r-al, adj. 88. Not noble, not
ingenuous; not generous, sparing.
ILLIBERALITY, U-Hb-bt5r-ral-l«i-t4, *. Parsimony,
niggardliness.
ILLIBERALLY, ll-Hb^b^r-ral-4, adv. Disingenu-
ously, meanly.
ILLICIT, ll-lls£*lt, adj. Unlawful.
To ILUGHTEN, ll-li-tn, t;. n. 103. To enlighten,
to illuminate.
ILLIMITABLE, 11-llmim^-ta-bl, adj. That can-
not be bounded or limited.
ILLIMITABLY, ll-llm-m^-ta-b!^, adv. Without
susceptibility of bounds.
ILLIMITED, il-lini-mlt-5d, adj. Unbounded, inter,
minable.
ILLIMITEDNESS, 11 limiinlt-£d-!i<5s, s. Exemp-
tion from all bounds.
ILLITERACY, il-llt-t£r-a-st*, *. Illiterateness, want
of learning.
Jt5" 1 have adopted this word from the learned an>l in-
femous Dr. Farmer, in his Essay on the Learning rf
hakespcare, who, by his printing it in italics, seems to
use it with timidity; but in nothing is the old English
proverb, tlore is no tore, betfer verified than in words.
Poetry will find employment for a thousand words not
used in prose, and a nice discernment will scarcely find
any words entirely useless that are not quite obsolete.
ILLITERATE, tl.llt'ter-ate, adj. 91. Unlettered,
untaught, unlearned.
ILLITERATENESS, il-fitit^r-at-nc's, s. Want of
learning, ignorance of science.
ILLITERATURE, ll-llt-t^r-a-ture, *. Want of learn-
ing.
ILLNESS, lKn£s, *. Badness or inconvenience of any
kind, natural or moral ; sickness, malady : wickuli.ix.
ILI.NATURE, ll-naitshire, s. 461. Habitual ma-
levolence.
ILLNATURED, 11-naitslit'ird, adj. 362. Habitually
malevolent; mischievous; untra-iable; not yielding to
culture.
ILLNATL'RF.ULY, 11 tia-tsliurd-le, adl>. In a peev-
ish, t'rtiward manner.
Il.l.NA'iTIU.UNK.ss, ll-naitslu'ird- ties, s. Want at
kindly disposition.
DIB
860
I MM
559. File 73, fir 77, fell 83, fat SI— m4 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — no 16-2, m^ye Iff*,
more fashionable, btit the former more analogical.
ILLOGICAL, IHfoUjA-kii, attj. 88. Fgrtorant or
negligent of the rules of reasoning; contrary to the
rule, of reason. •
ILLOGICALLY, Il-15d£j£-kill4i*, ado. In a manner j
contrary to the laws of argument.
To ILLUDE, 11-1 ud«»/ v. a. To deceive, to mock.
To ILLUME, 1146mr/ v. a. To enlighten, to illu-
m inate ; to brighten, to adom.
To ILLUMINE, ll-li^mln, v. a. 14O. To enlrgftt-
en, to supply with light ; to decorate, to adorn.
To ILLUMINATE, il-lWm^-natc, ». a. Toeviight-
en, to supply with light; to adom with festal lamps or
bonefires; to enlighten iiiteHectnally with knowledge
or grace; to adorn with pictures or initial letters of va-
rious colours ; to illustrate.
ILLUMINATION, If-lfr-m^-n&sli&n, *. The act of
supplying with light ; that which gives light ; festal
ligtu hung out as a token of joy; brightness, splendour;
infusion of intellectual light, knowledge, or grace.
ILLUMINATIVE, il-Ib£in£-ni-tlv, adj. Having the
power to give light
ILLUMINATOR, il-lWra^-na-tur, *. 521. One who
gives light ; one whose business it is to decorate books
with pictures at the beginning of chapters.
ILLUSION, Il-luizh&n, s. 451. Mockery, false show,
counterfeit appearance, error.
ILLUSIVE, ll-lu-sly, adj. 158. 428. Deceiving by
false show.
ILLUSORY, II IWs&r-^, adj. 429. 512. Deceiving,
fraudulent — For the o see Doiaentick.
To ILLUSTRATE, 11-lusi-trate, t>. a. 91. To bright-
en with li^ht ; to brighten with honour ; to explain, to
n. ! if
t least,
not be suffered to increase.
1(5- This word, says Dr. Johnson, is corruptly written
erxbexzlr. This corruption, however, is too well establish-
ed to be altered ; and as it is appropriated to a particular
species of deficiency, the corruption is less to be regretted.
IMBECILITY, im-bi-sIW-ti, *. Weakness, feeble*.
ness of mind or body.
To IMBIBK, kn-blbi/ v. a. To drink in, to draw
in ; to admit into the mind ; to drench, to soak.
IMBIBER, frn-bi-bur, s. &$. That which drinks or
sucks-.
IMBIBITION, Im-bi-blshifin, i. The act of suck-
ing or drinking in.
To IMBITTER, Im-bUit&r, e. a. 98. To makebit-
ter; to deprive of pleasure, to make unhappy ; to ex-
asperate-
To 1 MBODY, im-l>5 '-di>, v. a. To condense to a-
body ; to invest with matter ; to bring together into one
mass or company.
To I MBODY, im-bid-ile, v. n. To unite into one-
mass, to coalesce.
To lMBOLDENr Im-b&l'dn, v. a. 103. To raise
to confidence, to encourage.1
To IM BOSOM, lm-b&6-z'&m, ». n. 169. To hoi*
on the bosom, to cover fondly with the folds of oiii-t
garment ; to admit to the heart, or to affection.
T" IJIBOUND> im-bound? v. a. 312. To enclose,
to shut in.
To lilBOW, Im-b3&,' v. a. 522. To arch, to vault.
IMBOWMENT, im-bou-m&H, «. Arch, vault.
Havitlgtne
adj. 314. Corispicu
ous, noble, eminent for excellence.
ILLUSTRIOUSLY, U-l&s^trA-is-li, adv. Conspicu-
ously, nobly, eminently.
ILLUSTRIOUSXESS, il4&s£tr&.&s-n£s, s. Eminence,
nobility, grandeur.
I'M, hne. Contracted from I am.
Toentangl,
I,dcnte«, with
IMAGE, hn^mldje, s. 9O- Any corporeal represen-
concavities.-
IM'SRICATION,
denture.
To IMBROWN, Im-broun,' v. a. To make brown,
to darken, to obscure, to cloud.
To IMBRUE, lm-broo^ ». a. 339- To steep, to soak,
to wet much or long.
To IMBRUTE, Im-br53t^ v. a. 339. To degrade to
brutality.
To IMBRUTE, im-broot/ v. it. To sink down to
To tincture deep,
tation, generally used of statues; a statue, a picture; ^
an idol, a false god ; « copv, representation, likeness; „, * ;" t . i/ aas
an idea, a representation of any thins to the mind. ^o IMBUE, im-DUy v. a. A3&.
To I.MAGE, hninudle, v. a. To copy by the fancy, to ,mfuse *"* picture or dye.
to imagine. To IMBURSE, lm-bars. •} >: a. To stock with money.
IMAGERY, Imtadd j£r r£, *. Sensible represe»ta- ' I.MITABILITY, im-i-tA-bil-e-t«l, s. The quality of
tions; show, appearance; copies of the fancy, false being imitalk?.
ideas, imaginary phantasms.
IMAGINABLE, e-mactijin-i-bl, atlj. Possible to be
conceived — See To Off atch.
IMAGINANT, i-inidijin-int, atlj. Imagining, form-
ing ideas.
IMAGINARY, £-mld-j]n ir.£, tut}. Fancied, vi-
sionary, existing only in the imagination.
IMAGINATION, ^-mAd-jin-a^lKin, «. Fancy, the
power of forming ideal pictures, the power of repre-
senting things au>cnt to one's self or others; concep-
tion, linage in the minil, idea ; contrivance, scheme.
IMAGINATIVE, ^-micl^ln-i-tlv, adj. 512. Fan-
tnstii-k, full of imagination.
J'o IMAGINE, e-mic!-jln, ». a. 14O. To fancy,- to
paint in the miml ; to scheme, to contrive. — See To
Ucajmtch and To Ki>Uxil/H.
IUAGINKR, e-mld-jiu-ur, «. 98. One who forms
ideas.
IMBECILE, im-b^sil, or lm-jtl-secl/ atlj. 14O.
IIS. Weak, feeble, wanting strength of either mind or
body.
J^p> Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Kcnriek, and Entiek,
: this word on the second s\ liable, as in the Lat:n
lit; bat Mr. Scotland Mr. SI
iO the French imUciUf. The iattcr
iinbtcUi* : bat Mr. Scott and Mr. Shi'ii.lan ou the last, as
, in my opinion, the .
I.MITABLE, Mi-ttM, adj. 4O5. Worthy to be
imitated ; possible to be imitated.
To IMITATE, Imitate, n. a. 9^1. To copy, to en-
deavour to resemble; to counterfeit; to pursue th»
coui-se of a composition, so as to use parallel images and
examples.
IMITATION, un-me-tai«h&n, s. THe act of copy-
ing, attempt to resemble ; that which is offered as a
coyy ; a method of translating looser than paraphia-e,
ill vciticlvmixie. n examples and illustrations arc used
for anc.ent, or doine^tiek for foreign.
IMITATIVE, lm-ti-ta tiv, adj. 512. Inclined (o
copy.
IMITATOR, Im'i-ta-tur. *. 93. 166. 521. On«
that copies another, one tt.at endeavours to resemble
another.
IMMACULATE, im-mik-ka-late, atlj. 91. Spot-
los, pure, undetiled.
To IMMANACLE, im-minini4;liy v. a. 4O5. T«
fetter, to confine.
IM-MANK, iin-maiu-' ailj. Vast, prod giously great
IMMANENT, iin-mA-n£tlt, adj. Intrinsick, inherent,
internal.
IMMAMFEST, lin-maii-n^-ffct, adj. Kot manifest.
IMM
261
IMP
nor 167, nit IfcV— t6be 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — ;<Ml 299— pAund 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
tMMANITY, im-man-nt* ti, s. Barbarity, savage-
twMARCESSIBLE, im-mar-s£>'s£-bl, adj. Unfad-
ing.
IMMARTIAL, Im-ttar^shil, adj. 88. Not warlike.
To IMM ASK, iiri.rnaSk/ v. a. To cover, to disguise.
IMMATERIAL, im-ma teW-il, adj. incon>oreai,
distinct from matter, void of matter ; unimportant,
impertinent.
IMMATERIALITY, lm-ml.t£-r£-ilM£-t£, s. Incor-
poreity, distinctness from body or matter.
IMMATERIALLY, im-ma-teire.al-£, adv. In a
manner not depending upon matter.
IMMATERIALIZED, lm.in&-t&T£-al Izd, adj. 359.
Distinct from matter, incorporeal.
IMMATERIALN^S*. lm-ma-t(i-re-al-n£s, j. Dis-
tinctness from n alter.
IMMATERIATE, Im-mi-t^r^-ate, adj. 91. Not
consisting of matter, incorporeal, without body.
IMMATURE, Im ma-tiire,' ail;. Not ri|>e ; not ar-
rived at fulness or completion ; hasty, early, come to
pass before the natural tune.
IMMATURKLY, lm-ma-ture£li, adv. Too soon, too
early, before ripeness or completion.
IMMATURENF.SS, im-ma-ture-n£s, ")
IMMATURITY, Im-mkt&irf-ti f' ********
incompleteness, a state short of completion.
IMMEABILITY, im m<*-a-biW-t£, s. Want of power
to pass.
IMMEASURABLE, lm-m£zb.iu-ra-bl, adj. Im-
mense, not to be measured, indefinitely extensive.
IMMEASURABLY, lm-m£zhiur-a-bl£, adv. Im-
mensely, beyond all measure.
iMMECllANlCAL, lin-me-kan-n<5-kal, adj. Not ac-
cording to the laws of mechanicks.
IMMEDIACY, lm-meide-a-s£, or \m-m&-$ a-s£,
». 293. Personal greatness, power of acting without
dependent.
IMMEDIATE, !m-m£id£-at, adj.' 91. Being in
such a state with respect to something else, as that there
is nothing between them ; not acting by second causes ;
instant, present with regard to time.
£5" This word and its compounds are often, and not
improperly, pronounced as if written im-me-je-ate, im-mc-
je-ate-ly, <Stc. — For the reasons, see Principles. No. 29 i,
KM, J7t.
IMMEDIATELY, lm-m£-dt*-at-te, adv. Without
the intervention of any other cause or event ; instantly,
at the time present, without delay.
IMMEDIATENESS, im-rn»i-dti-at-n£s, j. Presence
with regard to time ; exemption from second or inter-
vening causes.
IMMEDICABLE, Im-m&l-de-ka bl, adj. Not to be
healed, incurable.
IMMEMORABLE, lm-m&nim<Wa-bl, adj. Not
worth remembering.
IMMEMORIAL, Im-mi-m&iri al, adj. Past time
of memory, so ancient that the beginning cannot be
traced.
IMMENSE, Im-m^nse-,' adj. Unlimited, unbounded,
infinite.
IMMENSELY, lm-m£nse-li, adv. Infinitely, with-
out measure.
IMMENSITY, im-m£n£s£-t£, s. Unbounded great-
ness, infinity.
IMMENSURABILITY, lm-rr>3n-shi.ra-bIW-t£, $.
4.J2. Impossibility to b..1 measured.
IMMENSURABLE, im-mihi-s.hu- ra bl, a<(j. Not to
be measured.
To IM.M;:KC, K, Im-rmVdjr,' v. a. To put under water.
IMMERIT, im-in£i<it, *. Want of worth, want of
desert.
IMMERSE, lm-m£rse,' adj. Buried, covered, sunk
deep.
To IMMERSE, nn-m£rsi ,' v. a. To put under water ;
to sink or cover deep : to depress.
IMMERSION, im.meV-slmn, s. 452. The act of put-
ting any body into a fluid below the surface; the state
of sinking below the surface of a fiuid ; the state of b»-
ing overwhelmed or lost in any respect.
IMMETHODICAL, im-nie i/tid-i-kil, adj. Con.
fused being without regularity, being without method.
iMflETHODJCALLY, Im-m^-//i5d^-kall(i, adv.
Without method.
IMMINENCE, im-mii-n^nse, s. Any iil impend-
ing; immediate or near danger.
IMMINENT, im'm<£-n£nt, adj. Impending, at hand,
threatening.
To IMM INGLE, Im-mlngigl, v- a. To mingle, to
mix, to unite.
I.MMINUTION, Im-rn<J-nii-sh&n, s. Diminution, de-
crease-
IMMISCIBILITY, lin-mis se bil-c t«i, *. incapacitj
of being mingled.
IMMISCIBLE, lin-mls-s^-bl, adj. 4O5. Not capable
of being mingled.
I.MMISSION, 1m mlslA\n, s. The act of sending
in, contrary to emission.
7o IMMIT, Im-mlt,' v. a. To send in.
To IMMIX, 1m mlks,' v. a. To mingle.
IMMIXABLE, iui-inlks-a-bl, adj. 105. Impossible
to be mingled.
IMMOBILITY, im-mi-bll'& ti, 3. Unnroveableness,
want of motion, resistance to motion.
IMMODERATE, lm-mod-d£r-at, adj. 91. Exceed-
ing the due mean.
IMMODERATELY, im-m&did£r rat-le, adv. in
an excessive degree.
IMMODERATION, lm-mSd-d£r-a'.ih&n, *. Want
of moderation, excess.
IMMODEST, iin-m&d-d^st, adj. Wanting shame,
wanting delicacy or chastity; unchaste, impure; ob-
scene ; unreasonable, exorbi ant.
IMMODESTY, 1m m&d-d£s t<i, adj. Want of mo
desty.
To IMMOLATE, imim6-late, ». a. 91. To sacrifice,
to kill in sacrifice.
IMMOLATION, Im-mi-la-sh&n, *. The act of sa-
crificing, a sacrifice offered.
IMMOMENT, im-m6-m£nt, adj. Trifling, of no im-
portance or value.
IMMORAL, Im.m6r-ral, adj. 88. 168. Wanting
regard to the laws of natural religion, contrary to ho-
nesty, dishonest.
IMMORALITY, im.mi ral-^-t^, ». Dishonesty,
want of virtue, contrariety to virtue.
IMMORTAL, im-mor-tal, adj. 88. Bxempt from
death, never to die; never ending, perpetual.
IMMORTALITY, lm-m5r-taW-te, «. Exemption
from death, life never to end.
To IMMORTALI/E, Im-niorital-tze, v. a. To
make immortal, to perpetuate, to exempt from death.
IMMORTALLY, im-mSrital 4, adv. With exemp.
tion from death, without end.
IMMOVEABLE, Im-m66v-a-bl, adj. Not to be forced
from its place ; unshaken.
IMMOVEABLY, Im-m66via.ble, adv. In a state
not to be shaken.
IMMUNITY, im-mu-n£-t£, s. Discharge from any
obligation ; privilege, exemption, freedom.
To IMMURE, im mure,' v. a. To enclose within
walls, to confine, to shut up.
IMMUSICAL, im mii-ze-kil, or(/'. 88. Unmu.^ical,
inharmonious.
IMMUTABILITY, Im-mu.ta-biW-te, s. Exemption
from change, invariablei:ess.
IMMUTABLE, im-mh-ta-bl, adj. 4O5. Unchange-
able, invariable, unalterable.
IMMUTABLY, lin-im'i-ta-bl^, adv. Unalterably, in-
variably, unchangeably.
IMP, Imp, i. A Kjn, the offspring, progeny ; a «ub-
altcrn devil, a puny devil.
To IMP, Imp, v. a. To enlarge with any thing ad-
seititous; to assist.
2'u IMI-ACT, im-pakt,' v. a. To drive close or hard.
IMP
262
IMP
t> 559. Fate (3, far 77, fill 83, &t 81 — m4 93,
To IMPAINT, Im-pant,' v. a. To paint, to decorate
with colours. Not in use.
To TMPAIB, lm-pare/ v. a. To diminish, to injure,
to Tiake worse.
To IMPAIR, Im-pare,' v. n. To be lessened or
worn out.
IMPAIRMENT, Im-pare-m5nt,s. Diminution, injury.
IMPALPABLE, lm-pil-pa-bl, adj. 405. Not to be
perceived by touch.
To IMPAHADISE, Irruparia dlse, v. a. To put
in a state resembling paradise.
IMPARITY, Im-par^e-t**, s. Inequality, dispropor-
tion; oduness, indivisibility into equal parts.
To IMPARK, lm-park/ v. a. 81. To enclose with
a park, to sever from a common.
To IMPART, lm-part/ v. a. To grant, to give; to
eomrrunicate.
IMPARTIAL, lm-par-shal, adj 88. Equitable, free
from regard or party, indifferent, disinterested, equal
in distribution of justice.
IMPARTIALITY, lm-par-sh£-aU4-te, 4. Equitable-
ness, justice.
IMPARTIALLY, 1m pir£sliAl-£, adv. Equitably,
with indifferent and unbiassed judgment, without re-
gard to party or interest.
IMPARTIBLE, im-partr4-bl, a<lj. 405. Commu-
nicable, to be conferred or bestowed.
IMPASSABLE, lm-pasisa-bl, adj. 405. Not to be
passed, not admitting passage, impervious.
IMPASSIBILITY, lm-pas-sd-bll'l<i-te, s. Exemption
from suffering.
IMPASSIBLE, lm-pas-s^-bl, adj 405. Incapable of
suffering, exempt from the agency of external causes.
IMPASSIBLENESS, lm-pasis£-bl-n&>, s. Impassi-
bility, exemption from pain.
IMPASSIONED, im-paslAh&nd, adj. 362. Seized
with passion.
IMPASSIVE, Im-pas^slv, adj. 158. Exempt from
the agency of external causes.
IlIPASTED, lin-pasitdd, adj. Covered at with paste.
IMPATIENCE, Im-pa^sh&ise, s. 463. Inability to
suffer pain, rage under suffering ; vehemence of temper,
heat of passion ; inability to suffer delay, eagerness.
IMPATIENT, lm-pa-shlnt, adj. 463. Not able to
endure, incapable to bear ; furious with pain ; unable
to bear pain; vehemently agitated by some painful
passion ; eager, ardently desirous, not able to endure
delay.
IMPATIENTLY, Im-pa-sh£m-l4, adv. Passionately,
ardently ; eagerly, with great desire.
To IMPAWN, Im-pawn,' v. a. To give a» a pledge,
to pledge.
To IMPEACH, Im-p&tsh,' r. a. To hinder, to im-
pede; to accuse by publick authority.
IMPEACH, Im-pWtsh,' s. Hinderance, let, impedi-
ment.
IMPF.ACHABLE, Im-pWtsWA-bl, adj. Accusable,
chargeable.
IMPEACHER, Im-pWtshi&r, s. 98. An accuser,
one who brings an accusation against another.
IMPEACHMENT, lm-peetsh£m£nt, 5. Hinderance,
let, impediment, obstruction ; publick accusation,
charge preferred.
To IMPKARL, lin-pe'r],' v. a. To form in resem-
blance of pearls ; to decorate as with pearls.
IMPECCABILITY, 1m pek-ka-blW-tt*, «. Exemp-
tion from sin, exemption from failure.
IMPECCABLE, lin-pek-ka-bl, adj. 4O5. Exempt
from possibility of sin.
To IMPEDE, Im-p^dc,' v. a. To hinder, to let, to
obstruct.
IMPEDIMENT, lm-peiW-m£nt, *. Hinderance,
let, obstruction, opposition.
To IMPEL, im-pi'I,' v. a. To drive on towards a
point, to urge forward, to press on.
IMPELLENT, Irri-pBM&it, s. An impulsive power,
a power that drives forward.
m5t 35 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, ni3ve 1 61,
To IMPEND, lm-p£nd,' v. n. To hang over, ta b«
at hand, to press nearly.
IMPENDENT, Irn-p£nkl3nt, adj. Imminent, hang-
ing over, pressing closely
IMPENDENCE, 1m penid£nse, s. The state of
hanging over, near approach.
IMPENETRABILITY, im-p£n-£-tra-blW-t£, s. Qua-
lity of not being pierceable; insusceptibility of iuteW
lectual impression.
IMPENETRABLE, Im-p£ni4 tra-bl, adj. Not to be
pierced, not to be entered by any external force ; imper-
vious; not to be taught; not to be moved.
IMPENETRABLY, im- p£n-e-tra-bl£, adv. With
hardness to a degree incapable of impression.
IMPENITENCE, lm-p£rA-t£nse, >
IMPENITENCY, Im-pen^-t^n-s^, $ *' Obduracy»
want of remorse for crimes, final disregard of God's
threatenings or mercy.
IMPENITENT, Im.peni4-t£nt, adj. Finally negli-
gent of the duty of repentance, obdurate.
IMPENITENTLY, lm-p£n.ie-t£nt-l£, adv. Obdu-
rately, without repentance.
IMPENNOUS, itn-pdn^n&s, adj. 314. Wanting
"ings. ,
IMPERATE, Imip^-rate, adj. 91. Done with con-
sciousness, done by direction of the mind.
IMPERATIVE, lin-perirl-tlv, adj. Commanding,
expressive of command.
IMPERCEPTIBLE, \m-ptt-itpM-1ol, adj. Not to
be discovered, not to be perceived.
IMPERCEPTIBLENESS, Im-per-s£p't£-bl-n3s, *.
The quality of eluding observation.
IMPERCEPTIBLY, Im-p£r-s£pite-bl4, adv. In a
manner not to be perceived.
IMPERFECT, lm-p£r-fekt, adj. Not complete, not
absolutely finished, defective; frail, not completely
good.
IMPERFECTION, lm-p£r-f£k£sh&n, *. Defect, failure,
fault, whether physical or moral.
IMPERFECTLY, 1m- p£r-f£kt-le, adv. Not complete-
ly, not fully.
IMPERFORABLE, Im-pdrifA-ra-bl, adj. Not to be
bored through.
IMPERFORATE, Im-p^r-fo-rate, adj. Not pierced
through, without a hole.
IMPERIAL, lm-pe-r^-al, adj. 88. Royal, possess-
ing royalty: betokening royalty; belonging to an em-
peror or monarch, regal, monarchical.
IMPERIALIST, lm-p^-ri-al-ist, s. One that belongs
to an emperor.
IMPERIOUS, lm-p£-r£ fis, adj. 314. Commanding,
tyrannical ; haughty, arrogant, assuming, overliearinj.
IMPERIOUSLY, lin-pe-r^-fis-l^, adv. With arro-
gance of command, with insolence of authority.
IMPERIOUSNESS, 1m pd-r^-us-nes, s. Authority,
air of command ; arrogance of command.
IMPERISHABLE, lin-p£r-rlsh-a-bl, adj. Not to be
destroyed. (
IMPERSONAL, lm-p£ris&n-ll, adj. 88. Not varied
according to the persons.
IMPERSONALLY, lm-perisfin-AI-4, atlv. Accord-
ing to the manner of an impcrsoi al verb.
IMPERSUASIBLE, 1m p£r-swa-z£ bl, adj. 439.
Not to b • moved by pers as:< n.
IMPERTINENCE, lm-per-te-uense, l
IMPERTINENCY, lm-p<*r-t^-n£n se, \ s'
which is of no present weight, that which has no rela-
tion to the matter in hand ; folly, rambling thought I
troublesomeness. intrusion ; trifle, thing of no value.
IMPERTINENT, im-per-t<J-n£nt, adj. Of no rela-
tion to the matter in hand, of no weight ; importunate,
intrusive, meildling ; foolish, trilling.
IMPERTINENT, Im-p6r-t£-neiit, *. A trifler, *
meddler, an intruder.
IMPERTINENTLY, lm-p£rit<*-nr}nt-l£, adv. With-
out relation to the present matter; troublesomely, <>lfi-
doiuly, intrusively.
IMP
£63
IMP
nor 167, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299— pound 313 — tliin 466 — Tll:» 4fi9.
IMPERVIOUS, lm-p£riv£-&s, adj. 314. Unpawa- To IMFO1SON, lm-poeizn, v. a. To corrupt with
poison ; to kill with poison.
IMPOLITE, Im-po lite,' adj. Unpolished, rude,
coarse.
IMPOLITENESS, Im-po lite-nds, *. Want of polite-
ness.
I M POLITICAL,
ble. impenetrable.
IMPERVIOUSNESS, Im-p£r-v£-us-n£s, ». The state
of not ailmitting any passage.
IMPERTRANSIBILITY, lm-p£r-tran-se-blW-t£, s,
Impossibility to be pas-ed through.
IMPETIIABLE, im-pe-tra-bl, adj. 405. Possible to
be obtained.
To IMPETRATE, lm-p£-trate, v. a. To obtain by
entreaty.
IMPETRATION, 1m- p£-tra-shun, s. The act of ob-
taining by prayer or entreaty.
IMPETUOSITY, lm-petsh-u-&siA-ti, s. Violence,
fury, vehemence, force.
IMPETUOUS, lm-p£tsh-u-us, adj. 314. 461. Vio-
lent, forcible, fierce; vehement, passionate.
IMPETUOUSLY, im-p£tsh-u-us-lti, adv. Violently,
vehemently.
IMPETUOUSNESS, lm-p£tsh-u-&s- n§s, s. Violence,
fury.
IMPETUS, lm-p£-t&s, S. 503. Violent tendency to
any point, violent effort.
IMPIERCEABLE, 1m pere^sa-bl, adj. Impenetra-
ble, not to be pierced.
I.MPIETY, lm-pU4-t£, s. Irreverence to the Supreme
Being, contempt of the duties of religion ; an act of
wickedness, expression of irreligion.
To lMPlGNORATE,lm-plg-n6-rate, v. a. To pawn,
to pletlge.
IMPIGNORATION, 1m -pig-no- ra-sh&n, s. The act
it pawning or putting to pledge.
To IMPINGE, im-pTnje,' v. n. To fall against, to
strike against, to clash with.
T» IMPINGUATE, lm-plng-gwate, v. a. To fatten,
to make fat.
IMPIOUS, Im-p4-&s, adj. 503. Irreligious, wicked,
profane.
IMPIOUSLY, lm-pt*-&s-14, adv. Profanely, wickedly.
IMPLACABIIJTV, Im-pla-ka-biW-te, a. Inexora-
bleuess, irreconcilable enmity, determined malice.
IMPLACABLE, 1m- pla-ka-bl, adj. 405. Not to be
pacified, inexorable, malicious, constant in enmity. —
Sue Placable.
IMPLACABLY, Im-plaika-ble, adv. With malice not
- to be pacified, inexorably.
To IMPLANT, lm-pliut/ v. a. To infix, to insert,
to place, to ingraft.
IMPLANTATION, Im-plan-taish&n, s. The act of
setting or planting.
IMPLAUSIBLE, lm-plawize-bl, adj. 439. Notspe-
ig that fills
Irapru-
adr.
cious, n<
IMPLEMENT
in likely to seduce or persuade.
;NT, lm-ple-m£nt, s. Somethin
IMPOIJTICK, lm-p6W-tlk, 51O. J
dent, indiscreet, void of art or forecast.
IMPOI.ITICALLY, 1m po-lit^e-kal-e, 509.
IM POLITICK LY, Im-p&l-e-tik-le,
Without art or forecast.
IMPONUEROUS, im p6n-d£r-&s, adj. Void of percep-
tible weight.
IMPOROSITY, Im-p6-ros-sd-t£, s. Absence of inter-
stices, compactness, closeness.
IMPOROUS, Im-pt^rus, adj. 314. Free from pores,
free from vacuities or interstices.
To IMPORT, Im-pArt,' v. a. 492. To carry into
any country from abroad; to imply, to infer; to pro-
duce in consequence ; to be of moment.
IMPORT, Im-p6rt, s. Importance, moment, conse-
quence; tendency; any thing imported from abroad.
$5- This substantive was formerly pronounced wi;h
the accent on the second syllable, but has of late years a-
doptt-d the accent on the first, and classes with the gene-
ral distinction of dissyllable nouns and verbs of the same
form. — See Principles, No. •192.
IMPORTANCE, Im-p6r-tanse, or Im-p6r-tanse, *.
Thing imported or implied; matter, subject; conse-
quence, moment ; importunity.
IMPORTANT, Im-por-tAnt, or lm-poritant, adj.
Momentous, weighty, of great consequence.
R5- The second syllable of this and the foregoing word
is Irequentlv pronounced as in the verb to import. The
best usage, however, is on the side of the first pronuncia-
tion, which seems to suppose that it is not a word formed
from import, but an adoption of the French importance,
and therefore it ought not to be pronounced HS a com-
pound, but as a simple. The authorities for this pronun-
ciation are, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, \V.
lohnston, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Buchanan. Mr. Scott is
'or either, but gives the first the preference.
IMPORTATION, lm-p6r-ta'slifrn, s. The act or
practice of importing, or bringing into a country from
abroad.
IMPORTER, lm-port-ur, *. 98. One that brings in
any thing from abroad.
IMPORTUNACY, lm-por-tu-na-s^, 3. The act of
importuning.
IMPORTUNATE, lm-por-tshu nate, adj. 46 1 . Un-
seasonable and incessant in solicitations, not to le re-
pulsed.
IMPORTUNATELY, lm-por£tshu-nat le, adv. With
up vacancy, or supplies wants; tool, instrument of ma-
nufacture ; utensil.
I.MPLETION, Im-ple-sh&n, s. The act of filling, the
st.ue of being full.
IMPLEX, lm-pl£ks, adj. Intricate, entangled, com-
plicated.
To IMPLICATE, lm-pl£-kate, v. a. 91. To entan-
gle, to embarrass, to infold.
IMPLICATION, lm-ple-kaishun, s. Involution, en-
tanglement; inference not expressed, but tacitly incul-
cated.
IMPLICIT, Im-plls-lt, adj Entang'ed, infolded, com-
plicated ; inferred, tacitly comprised, not expressed ;
entirely obedient.
IMPLICITLY, lui-plls-it-l£, adv. By inference com-
prised though noi expressed; by connexion with some-
thing else, dependeiitly ; with unreserved confidence or
obedience.
To IMPLORE, Im-plore,' v. a. To call upon in
supplication, to solicit; to ask, to beg.
[MPLORER, lin-ploi-rur, s. 98. One that implores.
IMFLUMED, Im.plumd,' adj. 3G2. Without feathers.
To IMPLY, Im-pli,' v. a. To infold, to cover, to
entangle ; to involve or comprise as a consequence or
concomitant.
incessant solicitation, pertinaciously.
IMPORTUNATENESS, im-por£tsh&-nat-n£s, s. 91.
Incessant solicitation.
To IMPORTUNE, lm-por-tune,' v. a. To tease, to
harass with slight vexation perpetually recurring, to
molest.
IMPORTUNE, Im-por-tulU',' adj. Constantly recur-
ring, troublesome by frequency; troublesome, vexa-
tious; unseasonable; coming, asking, or happenu.b at
a wrong time.— See Futurity.
lMPORTUNELY,lm-p6r-tune-le, adv. Troublesomc-
ly, incessantly; unseasonably, improperly.
IMPORTUNITY, Im-pdr-tuiui-ti, s. Incessant so-
licitation.
To IMPOSE, Im-p6ze,' v. a. To lay on a» a burden
or penalty ; to enjoin as a duty or law ; to obtn:de
fallaciously ; to impose on, to put a cheat on, to de-
ceive.
IMPOSE, lm-poze£ S. Command, injunction.
IMPOSEABLE, Im-po^za-bl, adj. 405. To be laid
as obligatory on any body.
IMPOSE it, iin-poizOr, s. 98. One who enjoins.
IMPOSITION, im-po zish-Cin, s The act of laying
any thing on another ; injunction of any thing as a lu<»
or duty ; constrain:, opuiessiou ; cheat, fallacy, impo*
ture.
IMP
IMP
t5* 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi* 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m5ve 164,
Not to be
IMPOSSIBLE, Im-p&s-si-bl, adj. 4O5.
done, impracticable.
IMPOSSIBILITY, Im-pis-si LlM-te, *. Impracti-
cability ; that which cannot be done.
IMPOST, ImipAst, i. A tax, a toll, custom paid.
To IMPOSTHLMATE, Im-pSsitshh-inate, t>. n 91.
To form an abbess, to gather, to form a cyst or bag
containing matter.
l\> IMPOSTHUMATE, Im-positsbti-mate, v. a. To
affiiot with an imposthume.
IMPOSTHUMATION, Itn p&s-tsh6-maish&n, *. The
act of forming an imposlhume, the state in which an
imposthume is formed.
IMPOSTHUME, lin pis'tshtime, *. 461. A collec-
tion of purulent matter in a bjg or cyst.
IMPOSTOR, Im-pds-t&r, *. 166. One who cheats
by a fictitious character.
IMPOSTUKE, iin-pisUshire, s. Cheat.
IMPOTENCE, ImipA t^nse 7 Want of power,
IMPOTENCY, Im'po-Wn-se, 3
inability, imbecility: ungovernablcncss of passion ; in-
capacity of projiagation.
IMPOTENT, imipA-tint, adj. 170. Weak, feeble,
wanting force, wanting power ; disabled by nature or
disease; without power of restraint ; without power of
propagation.
IMPOTENTLY, lm£pA-t£nt-li, adv. Without power.
To IMPOUND. Im-poind/ v. a. To enclose as
in a pound, to shut in, to confine ; to shut up in a
pinfold.
IMPRACTICABILITY, lm-prak-t<*-ka-b1W t£, s.
Impossibility, the state of being not feasible.
IfJ- This word is not in Johnson, but 1 insert it on his
own authority : for though it is not in his Vocabulary, he
has used it to explain the word Impossibility. But the
very current use of this word would be a suiticient autho-
rity for it, asi'ssynonyme/mprflc/«caWfn«M, from the ne-
cessity of placing the accent high, is so difficult of pro-
nunciation, and so inferior in sound, as to leave no doubt
to which we should give the preference.
IMPRACTICABLE, lm-prakit£-ka-bl, adj. Not to
be performed, unfeasible, impossible ; unti actable, un-
manageable.
IMPRACTICABLENESS, lua-prakiti-ka bl-n£s, s.
Impossibility.
To IMPRECATE, lm-pr£-kate, v. a. 91. To call
for evil upon himself or others.
IMPRECATION, lin-pr^-ka-sh&n, s. Curse, prayer
by which any evil is wished.
I.MPRECATOiiY, iinipri-ka-tir-i, adj. Contain-
ing wishes of evil.
j£§> I have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the accentua-
tion of this word. He places the accent on the second
syllable; but Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, and Mr. Scott, on
the first. He himself places the accent on the first of De-
precatory ; and the same reason holds in both.— See Prin-
ciples, No. 51.'.
To IMPREGN, Im-prfar,' v. a. 386. To fill with
young, to fill with any matter or quality.
IMPREGNABLE, lm-preg-na-bl, 0^7. Not to be
stormed, not to be taken ; unshaken, unmoved, unaf-
fected.
IMPREGNABLY, Im-pr2gina-bli, adv. In such a
manner as to defy force or hostility.
To IMPREGNATE, im-pr^g-nate, v a. 91. To fill
with young, to make proliric-k ; to fill, to saturate.
IMPREGNATION, im-pr£g-na-sh&n, 5. The act of
making prolifick; fecundation; that with which any
thing is impregnated ; saturation.
IMPKEJUDICATE, Im-pr4-joo-d<*-kate, adj. 91.
Unprejudiced, not prt possessed, impartial.
IMPREPARATION, im-pr^p-a-ra'shun, s. Unpre-
paredness, want of preparation.
To IMPRESS, im-pr^s/ v. a. To print by pressure,
to stamp : to fix deep ; to force into service.
IMPRESS. !rn-pr£s, s. 492. Maik made by pressure ;
image fixed in the mind; operation, influence: edi-
tion, number printed at once, one course of printing;
effect of an atta: k.
IMPRESSIBLE, Im-pr&£s4-bl, adj. That may be
impressed.
IMPRESSURE, 1m pr£sli£ure, s. The mark made
by pressure, the dint, the impression.
To IMPRINT, Im-print,' v. a. To mark upon any
substance by pressure; to stamp words upon paper by
the use of types ; to fix on the mind or memory.
To IMPRISON, lin-prlz^zn, v. a. To shut up, to
confine, to keep from liberty.
IMPRISONMENT, lui-prlzizn-m£nt, j. Confine-
ment, state of being shut in prison.
IMPROBABILITY, im-pr&b-a-bil'<*-t«*, s. Unlikeli-
hood, difficulty to be believed.
IMPROBABLE, im-pr6b^a-bl, adj. 405. Unlikely,
incredible.
IMPROBABLY, Im-prib-a bl£, adv. Without liko-
lihood.
To IMPROBATE, Im'prA-bate, v. a. Not to ap-
prove.
IMPROBATION, Im-pro-ba-shftn, s. Act of disal-
lowing.
IMPROBITY, Im-pr5b^-te, s. Want of honesty,
dishonesty, baseness.
To IMPROLJFICATE, Im-pro lll-te-kate, v. a. 91.
To impregnate, to fecundate.
IMPROMPTU, lm-prum-tu, s. A short extempora-
neous composition.
IMPROPER, im-pr5piur, at(}. 98. Not well adapted,
unqualified ; unfit, not conducive to the right end ; not
just, not accurate.
IMPROPERLY, Im-pr&piur-l^, adv. Not fitly, in.
congruously ; not justly, not accurately.
To IMPROPHIATE, lm-pro-pre-ate, v. a. To
convert to private use, to seize lo himself t to put the
possessions of the church into the hands of laicks.
IMPROPRIATION, Im-prA-pri a-shun, s. An im-
propriation is properly so called when the church land
is in the hands of a layman ; and an appropriation is
when it is in the hands' of a bishop, college, or religious
house.
IMPROPRIATOR, Im-prA-pr^-aitJir, t. 166. 521.
A layman that has the possession of the lands of the
church.
IMPROPRIETY, Im-prA-prW-tt*, *. Unfitness, urv
suitableness, inaccuracy, want of justness.
IMPROSPEROUS, im-pr&sip&r-us, adj. Unhappy,
unfortunate, not succes>ful.
IMPROSPEROCSLY, Im-prisipur fis l£, adv. Un-
happily, unsuccessful^, with ill fortune.
IMPROVABLE, Im-pr66-va-bl, adj. Capable of be-
ing advanced to a better state.
IMPROVABLENESS, Im-pr66-va-bl-n&, ». Capo.
bleness of being made belter.
IMPUOVABLY, im-pr6o-va-bl£, ado. In a man-
ner that admits of melioration.
To IMPROVE, im-proov/ v. a. To advance any
thing nearer to perfection, to raise from good to better.
r» IMPRO
goodness.
:r to pern
,'E, an
1OUV
To advance in
IMPROVEMENT, Im-proov-m^nt, s. Melioration,
advancement from good to better; act of improving,
progress from good to better ; instruction, ediricatiuii ;
effect of melioration.
IMPROVER, Im.proov-ir, *. 98. One that makes
himself or any thing else belter; any thing that meli-
orates.
Unforeseen,
i. Want <V
IMPROVIDED, Im-prA-Ti^ded, adj.
unexpected, unprovided against.
IMPROVIDENCE, im-prov^e-d^nse,
forethought, want of caution.
IMPROVIDENT, lm-prov'^-d^'it, adj. Wanting
r.__, , , , forecast, wanting care to provide.
mark of distinction, stamp; device, motto; act of IMPROVIUENTI.V, lin-provie-dei.t-le, adv. Wilh-
foreing any one into service. j out forethought, without core.
IMPRESSION, lin •pr&>h-&n, .». The act of pressing JMPROVISION, im-piu-vlzh-un, s. Want of fort
uuc body ujK>n another; mark made by pressure, stamp, thought.
IMP
265
INA
n<5r 167, not 1 63— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—511 299 — pSund 313— /Ain 466— THIS 469
IMPRUDENCE, im-pro6-d£nse,' s. 343. Want of attribute, generally ill : to reckon to one what does not
prudence, indiscretion, negligence, inattention to inter- ' ., Pr°IK'rlv belong to him.
est. | IMPUTER, im-pu-t&r, *. 98. He that imputes.
IMPRUDENT. im-proo£d5nt, adj 343. Wanting IN, in, jrrep. Noting the place where any thing i«
prudence, injudicious, indiscreet, negligent.
IMPUDENCE, 1m-pu-d£nse, ) s. Shamelessness,
IMPUDENCY, im-pu-de'n-se, £ immodesty.
IMPUDENT, im-pu-d£nt, adj. 503. Shameless,
wanting modesty.
IMPUDENTLY, lm%)u-d£nt-le, adv. Shamelessly,
without modesty.
To IMPUGN, im-p&ne/ v. a. 386. To attack, to
l^f- Notwithstanding the clear analogy there is for pro-
nouncing this word in the manner it is marked, there is a
repugnance at leaving out the g, which nothing but fre-
quent use will take away. If sign were in as little use as
impugn, we should feel the same repugnance at pronounc-
ing it in the manner we do. But as language is associa-
tion, no wonder association should have such power over
it. — For the analogies that lead us to this pronunciation,
see Principles, No. 385.
Mr. Sheiidan, Mr. Nares, and Mr. Scott, pronounce
the word as 1 hive marked it ; that is, with the g silent,
and the « long; but Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Perry, and Buchan-
an, though they suppress the g, pronounce the u short.
That this short sound is contrary to analogy cannot be
doubted, when we take a view of the words of this termi-
nation ; and the only plea for it is, the short sound of the
vowels before gm in phlegm, diaphragm, parapegm, a-
pophthegm, and paradigm, 389 : but as the accent is not on
any of these syllables, except phlegm, which is irregular,
289, it is no wonder the vowel should shorten in these
words, as it so frequently does in the numerous termina-
tions in He, ine, He, &c. 147.
IMPUGNER, im-pu-n&r, j. One that attacks or in-
vndes.
JJ^f In judging of the prop-iety of this pronunciation,
we must not confound the participles impugning, impugn-
td, and the veibal noun impugner, with such words as we
do not form ourselves, as repugnant, malignant, &c
The former are mere branches of the verb impugn, and
therefore make no alteration in the root; the latter we
receive already formed from the Lntin or the French, and
pronounce the g as we do in signify and signet, though
It is silent in signed, signing, or signer. For it must be
carefully observed, that the analogy of pronunciation ad-
mits of no alteration in the sound of the verb, upon its
being formed into a participle or verbal noun ; nor in the
sound of the adjective, upon its acquiring a comparative
or superlative termination. — See Principles, No. 409.
IMPUISSANCE, im-pu-ls-sanse, *. Impotence, ina-
bility, weakness, feebleness. — See Puissance.
IMPULSE, im-p&lse, *. Communicated force, the
effect of one body acting upon another; influence act-
ing upon the mind, motive, idea.
IMPULSION, im-p&l-shun, s. The agency of body
in motion upon body ; influence operating upon the
mind.
IMPULSIVE, Im-piHsiv, adj. Having the power of
impulse, moving, impellent.
IMPUNITY, im p&'ne-t^, *. Freedom from punish-
ment, exemption from punishment.
IMPURE, im-pure,' adj. Contrary to sanctity, un-
hallowed, unholy; unchaste; feculent, foul with extra-
neous mixtures, drossy.
IMPURELY, im pure-le, adv. With impurity.
; Want of sanctity,
IMPURENESS,
IMPURITY, im-pu-ni-tii,
want of holiness ;
act of unchastity ; feculent admixture.
To IMPURPLE, im-pur-pl, v. a. 405. To make
red, to colour as with purple.
IMPUTABLE, im-pu-ta bl, adj. Chargeable upon
any one; accusable, chargeable with a fault.
IMPUTABLENESS, im-pu-tA-bl-n&, s. The quality
of being imputable.
IMPUTATION, im-pu ta^shun, s. Attribution of
any thing, generally of ill ; censure, reproach ; hint, re-
flection.
IMPUTATIVE, im-puita-tiv, aiff. 512. Capable of
being imputed, belonging to imputation.
To IMPUTE, im putt'/ v- a. To charge upon, to
present; noting the state present at any time; noting
the time ; noting power ; noting proportion ; concern-
ing ; In that, because; Inasmuch, since, seeing that.
IN, 5n, adv. Within some place, not out ; engaged
in any affair, placed in some state ; noting entrance into
any place ; close, home.
In has commonly in composition a negative or privative
sense. In before r is changed into jr, before I into II,
and into Im before some other consonants.
INABILITY, in a-bil-d-ttJ, *. Impuissance, impo-
tence, want of power.
lNABST!NENCE,in-abist£ ne"nse, s. Intemperance,
want of power to abstain.
INACCESSIBLE, in-ak.s£sise-bl, adj. Not to be
reached, not to be approached.
INACCURACY, in-ak-ku-ri-s<*, s. Want of exact-
ness.
INACCURATE, in-akiki-rate, adj. 91. Not exact,
not accurate.
INACTION, in-ak^shan, i. Cessation from labour,
forbearance of labour.
INACTIVE, in-ikitiv, adj. Idle, indolent, aluggish.
INACTIVELY, in-akitiv-1^, adv. idly, sluggishly.
INACTIVITY, in-ak tiv££-t£, i. Idleness, rest, slug-
gishness.
INADEQUACY, in-ad^-kwl-s£, *. The state of
being unequal to some purpose.
he frequent use of this word in parliament, and
its being adopted by some good writers, made me esteem
it not unworthy of a place here : though I have not met
with it in any other Dictionary. The word inadeqtiate-
ncss, which is equivalent to it, is not in Johnson; but
there seems a repugnance in writers and speakers to ab-
stracts formed by ness, if it is possible to find one of ano-
ther termination : and to this repugnance we owe the cur-
rency of this word.
INADEQUATE, in-ad^-kwate, adj. 91. Not equal
to the purpose, defective.
INADEQUATELY, in-ad-<i-kwate-l£, adv. Defec-
tively, not completely.
INADVERTENCE, in-ad-v£rit£nse, 7
INADVERTENCY, in-ad-v*riten-se, 5 5>
ness, negligence, inattention ; act or effect of negligence.
INADVERTENT, in-ad-v£r-t<Jnt, adj. Negligent,
careless.
INADVERTENTLY, in-ad-v£rit£nt-l<i, adv. Care-
lessly, negligently.
INALIENABLE, in-ak-iy£n-a-bl, adj. 113. Th»t
cannot be alienated.
INALIMENTAL, in-al-£-m£n£tal, adj. Affording IM
nourishment.
INAMISSIBLE, ln-a-mis£s£-bl, adj. Not to be lost.
INANE, in-naue/ adj. Empty, void.
To INANIMATE, iii-an-^ mate, v. a. To animate,
to quicken.
adj. Void of
INANIMATE, in-ani^-mate, 91.
INANIMATED, in-an^-ma-t£d,
life, without animation.
INANITION, in. a nishi-an, s. Emptiness of body,
want of fulness in the vessels of an animal.
INANITY, in-an-e te, s. 511. Emptiness, void space.
INAPPETENCY, in apipe-t£n-sd, s. Want of ttom.
ach or appetite.
INAPPLICABLE, in-apipl^-ka bl, adj. Not to (w
put to a particular use.
IN APPLICATION, in-ap-pl^-ka-sh&n, i. Indolence
negligence.
INAPTITUDE, in ap-t^-tude, *. Unfitnesi.
INARABLE, in-ar~ra-bl, adj. 405. Not capable of
tillage.
To INARCH, in-lrt.sh,' v. a. 81. Inarching it a
method of grafting, called grafting by approach.
INARTICULATE, In-Ar-tik-u-lite, adj. 91. Not
ING
266
INC
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m«* 93,mlt95 — pine 105, pin 107 — ni 162, mive 164,
hatched
uttered with distinctness like that of the syllables of hu-
man speech.
INARTICULATELY, In-ar-tlUkii-late-lt*, adv. Not
distinctly.
INARTICULATENESS, ln-ar-tlkiku-late-n^s, *.
Confusion of sounds ; want of distinctness in pronoun-
cing.
INARTIFICIAL, ln-ar-t4-f1sh-;V, adj. Contrary to
art.
INARTTFICIALLY, ln-ar-te-fishial-^, arf»>. With-
out art, in a manner contrary to the rules of art.
INATTENTION, In-at-tenish&n, s. Disregard, ne-
gligence, neglect.
INATTENTIVE, In-at-t3nitlv, adj. Careless, negli-
gent, regardless.
INAUDIBLE, in-aw£d£-bl, adj. 405. Not to be
heard, void of sound.
To INAUGURATE, ln-4wigfi-rate, v a. 91. TO
consecrate, to invest with a new olfiee by solemn rites.
INAUGURATION, ln-aw-g&-ra-shun, s. Investi-
ture by solemn rites.
INAURATION, in-aw-raish&n, s. The act of gild-
ing or covering with gold.
INAUSPICIOUS, in-aw-splshi&s, adj. Ill-omened,
unlucky, unfortunate.
INBORN, inborn, adj. Innate, implanted by na-
ture.
INBREATHED, In-br&rHd,' adj. 362. inspired, in-
fused by inspiration.
INBRED, in-br^d, adj. Produced within ;
or generated within.
To INCAGE, In-kadje/ v. a. To coop up, to shut
up, to confine in a cage, or any narrow space.
INCALCULABLE, in-kal-kfi-la-bl, adj. 405. Not
to be calculated, computed, or reckoned.
It^- This may be called a revolutionary word, as we
never heard of it till it was lately made so much use of in
France ; but its real utility, as well as the propriety of its
formation, gives it an undoubted right to become a part
of our language.
INCALESCENCE, ln-ka-l£s£s£nse, J
INCALESCENCY, in-ka-l3s-s£n-s^, } *'
state of growing warm, warmth, incipient heat
INCANTATION, in-kan-taish&n, *. Enchantment.
INCANTATORY, ln-kanita-tir-<i, adj. 512. Deal-
ing by enchantment, magical.
To INCANTON, In-kAn^t&n, v. a. To unite to a
canton or separate community.
INCAPABILITY, In-ka pi-b\U£-t£,
INCAPABLENESS, ln-ka-pa-bl-n£s,
natural, disqualification legal.
INCAPABLE, ln-kaipa-bl, adj. 405. W'anting
power, wanting understanding, unable to comprehend,
learn, or understand ; not able to receive any thing ; un-
able, not equal to any thing ; disqualified liy law.
Jt^- As Placable and Implacable seem to follow the La-
tin quantity in the antepenultimate a, so Capable and In-
capable, if we derive them from Capax and Incapai, re-
ject it : but the most natural derivation of these words is
from the French Capable and Incapable. Some speakers,
however, make the a short in all; but this is a provin-
cial pronunciation that must be carefully avoided.— See
Placable.
INCAPACIOUS, in-ka-pa-sh&s, adj. Narrow, of
small content.
INCAPACIOUSNESS, In-ka-pa-sh&s-n^s, 5. Narrow-
ness, want of containing spare.
To INCAPACITATE, in-ka-pasis^-tate, v. a. To
disable, to weaken ; to disqualify.
INCAPACITY, In ka-pas'e-t^, *. Inability, want of
natural power, want of power of body, want of com-
prehensiveness of mind.
To INCARCERATE, in-karis^-rate, v. a. 555. To
imprison, to confine.
INCARCERATION, in-kar-si-raishfin, *. Impri-
sonment, confinement.
To iNCARN, ln-karn/ t>. a. 81. To cover with
flesh.
To IXCABN, lu-karn,' v. n. To breed flesh.
Inablhty
To INCARNADINE, In-karina-dlne, v. a. 149.
To dye red. " This word," says Dr. Johnson, " 1 find
only once."— Macbeth, Act II. Scene III.
To INCARNATE, in-karinate, v. a. To clothe with
flesh, to embody with flesh.
INCARNATE, In-karinate, part. adj. 91. Clothed
with flesh, embodied with flesh.
INCARNATION, In-kar-naishfin, s. The act of as-
suming body ; the state of brc-eding flesh.
INCARNATIVE, In-kar-na-tiv, s. 512. A medi-
cine that generates flesh.
To INCASE, in-kase/ v. a. To cover, to enclose, to
inwrap.
INCAUTIOUS, In-kawish&s, adj. Unwary, negli-
gent, heedless.
INCAUTIOUSLY, In-kawish&s-l^, adv. Unwarily,
heedlessly, negligently.
INCENDIOUS, !n-s£nid<*-&s, adj. 294.
55" I have not met with this word in any Dictionary,
anonave often regretted being obliged to use the word
incendiary as an adjective ; but meeting with incendious
in Lord Bacon, where, sneaking of rebellion, hesays, " Be-
cause of the infinite evils which it brings on princes and
their subjects, it is represented by the horrid image of T</-
pftirus, whose hundred heads are" the divided powers, and
flourishing jaws incendious designs;" I thought I should
do a real service to the language by inserting this word.
INCENDIARY, ln-s£nid£-a-rt*, or ln-s£nij^-i-re,
t. 293. 376. One who sets houses or towns on fire in
malice or for robbery ; one who inflames faction, or
promotes quarrels.
INCENSE, Inis£nse, s. 492. Perfumes exhaled by
fire in honour of some god or goddess.
To INCENSE, ln-s£nse, ». a. To perfume with
incense.
To INCENSE, In-s^nse/ v. a. To enkindle, to rage,
to inflame with anger, to enrage, to provoke, to exas-
perate.
INCENSEMENT, In-s£nsim£nt, s. Rage, heat, fur}.
INTENSION, ln-s£n-s!i&n, s. The act of kindling,
the state of being on fire.
INCENSOR, in-s^n-sfir, s. 166. Akindlerof anger,
an inflamer of passions.
INCENSORY, in-s£n-s&r-£, s. 512. The vessel in
which incense is burnt and offered —For the o, see Zw>
mestick.
INCENTIVE, In s£nt-!v, «. That which kindles, pro.
vokes, or encourages ; incitement, motive, encourage-
ment.
INCENTIVE, In-s^ntilv, adj. 157. Inciting, en-
couraging.
INCEPTION, In-s^p-sh&n, *. Beginning.
INCEPTIVE, in s£p-tlv, adj 157. Noting a begin-
ning.
INCEPTOR, In-s3pit&r, *. 166. A beginner, one
who is in his rudiments.
INCERATION, ln-s^ raishfin, s. The act of cover-
ing with wax.
INCERTITUDE, in-s3rit£-tiide, *. Uncertainty,
doubtfulness.
INCESSANT, in-s&s^sant, adj. Unceasing, uniuter-
mitted, continual.
INCESSANTLY, In-sesisant-1^, adv. Without inter,
mission, continually.
INCEST, In^s^st, s. Unnatural and criminal con-
junction of persons within degrees prohibited.
INCESTUOUS, ln-s£sitshfi-&s, adj. 461. Guilty of
incest, guilty of unnatural cohabitation.
INCESTUOUSI.Y, In-s&Ashfc-us-le, adv. With
unnatural love.
INCH, lush, s. 352. The twelfth part of a foot ; a
proverbial name for a small quantity ; a nice point of
time.
To INCH, Irish, v. a. To drive by inches j to deal
by inches, to give sparingly.
INCHED, Insht, adj. 359. Containing inches in
length or breadth.
INCHMEAL, Insli-m^le, s. A piece an inch long.
INC
INC
nir 167, n5t 163— t&be 171, t&b 172, bill 173— oil 299 — pSind 313 — thin 466— THIS
To INCHOATE, Ing£k6-ate, v. a. 91. Tobpgin, to
way.
, ln-sln£n£r-ate, v. a. To burn to
commence.
INCHOATION, Ing-ki-a-sh&n, *. Inception, begin-
ning.
INCHOATIVE, In-k6-a-tlv, adj. 157. Inceptive,
noting inchoation or beginning.
To INCIDE, In-side,' v. a. Medicines incide which
consist of pointed and sharp particles, by which the par-
ticles of oilier bodies are divided.
INCIDENCE, !n-s£-d£nse, )
j , i it }• S. The direction with
INcrDENCY, in-se-den-se, j
which one body strikes upon another, and the angle
made bv that line, and the plane struck upon, is called
the angle of incidence; accident, hap, casualty.
INCIDENT, In-s£-d§nt, adj. Casual, fortuitous, oc-
casional, happening accidentally, falling in beside the
main design ; happening, apt to happen.
INCIDENT, In^-d^nt, *. Something happening be-
side the main design, casualty, an event.
INCIDENTAL, In-se-d£n-tal, adj. Incident, casual,
happening by chance.
INCIDENTALLY, In-s£-d3n-tal-£, adv. Beside the
main design, occasionally.
INCIDENTLY, ln-s£-d£nt-14, adv. Occasionally, by
the bye, by the wa;
To INCINERATE
ashes.
INCINERATION, ln-sln-n£r-ra-sli&n, s. The act of
burning any thing to ashes.
INCIRCUMSPECTION, In-s£r-k&m-sp£k£sh&n, s.
Want of caution, want of heed.
INCISED, in-sizd,' adj. 362. Cut, made by cutting.
INCISION, In-slzh'&n, s. A cut, a wound made with
a sharp instrument; division of viscosities by medi-
cines.
INCISIVE, In sUslv, adj. 158. 428. Having the
quality of cutting or dividing.
INCISOR, In si's5r, s. 166. Cutter, tooth in the
forepart of the mouth.
INCISORY, In-sl-s&r-e, adj. 512. Having the qua-
lity of cutting. — For the o, see Domesticb.
INCISURE, In-slzh'&re, s. A cut, an aperture.
INCITATION, In s£-ta-shun, s. Incitement, incen-
tive, motive, impulse.
To INCITE, In-siti-/ v. a. To stir up, to push for-
ward in a purpose, to animate, to spur, to urge on.
INCITEMENT, !n-site-m£nt, s. Motive, incentive,
impulse, inciting power.
INCIVIL, In-siv-vil, adj. Unpolished.
INCIVILITY, In-se-vlW^-t(i, s. Want of courtesy,
rudeness ; act of rudeness.
INCLEMENCY, ln-kl3irAn£n-s£, s. Unmerciful-
ness, cruelty, severity, harshness, roughness.
INCLEMENT, In-kl£mim£nt, adj. Unmerciful, un-
pitying, -void of tenderness, harsh.
INCLINABLE, In-kli-na-bl, adj. Having a propcn
sion of will, favourably disposed, willing ; having a ten-
dency.
INCLINATION, In-kl^-naish&n, s. Tendency to-
wards any point ; natural aptness ; propension of mind,
favourable disposition ; love, affection ; the tendency ol
the magnetical needle to the East or VVest.
INCLINATORY, ln-kllnia-t&r-<i, adj.
quality of inclining to one or other.
Want of con -
Having a
_^ have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the quantity
of the vowel in the second syllable of this word, as well as
in Declinatory. My reason is, that the termination atory
has a tendency to shorten the preceding vowel, as is evi
dent in Declamatory, Predatory, &c. which have the
vowel in the second syllable short, though it is long in the
Latin words from which these are derived.
iNCLlNATORiLYjIn-knnia-t&r-nMt*, adv. Obliqu
ly, with inclination to one side or the other.
To INCLINE, In-kline,' v. n. To bend, to lean, to
tend towards any part ; to be favourably disposed to
to feel desire beginning.
To INCLINE, In-klint-,' v. a. To give a tendency o;
direction to any place or state; to turn the desire to
wards any thing ; to bend, to incur vatc.
To INCLIP, In-kllp,' v. a. To grasp, to enclose, to
surround.
To INCLOISTER, In-klois^t&r, v. a. To shut up
in a cloister.
To INCLOUIJ, In-kloud,' v. a. To darken, to ob-
scure.
To INCLUDE, In-kl&dr,' v. a. To enclose, to shut;
to comprise, to comprehend.
INCLUSIVE, In-klfi-slv, adj. 153.428. Enclosing,
encircling ; comprehending in the sum or numbers.
[NCLUSIVELY, In-kluislv-li, adv. The thing men-
tioned reckoned into the account.
INCOAGULABLE, In k6-ag-gu-la-bl, adj. Incapa-
ble of concretion.
[NCOEXISTENCE, In-ki-3g-zlsit5nse, j. The qua-
lity of not existing together.
INCOG, In-k6g/ adv. Unknown, in private.
[NCOGITANCY, In-k5d-j^-tin-s>^, s. Want of
thought.
[NCOGITATIVE, In-k&dij^-ti-tiv, adj. 91. Want-
ing the power of thought.
[NCOGNITO, In-k6g-n^-to, adv. In a state of co»-
cealment.
INCOHERENCE, In-kA-h^r^ns
INCOHERENCY, In-k6 h£-r£n-
nexion, incongruity, inconsequence, want of depend-
ence of one part upon another ; want of cohesion, loose-
ness of material parts.
INCOHERENT, In-kA-h&r£nt, adj. Inconsequen-
tial, inconsistent ; without cohesion, loose.
[NCOHERENTLY, In-ko-hdir£nt-l^, adv. Inconsis-
tently, inconsequentially.
FNCOLUMITY, In-k6-li'm£-tt*, s. Safety, security.
INCOMBUSTIBILITY, In-k&m-bus-t^-biW-ti, s.
The quality of resisting fire.
INCOMBUSTIBLE, In-k&m-b&sitti-bl, adj. Not to
be consumed by fire.
INCOMBUSTIBLENESS, In-kom-busite-bl-n£s. s.
The quality of not being wasted by fire.
INCOME, in-kum, s. 1 65. Revenue, produce of any
thing.
INCOMMENSURABILITY, In-koni-men-shfr-ri- bM-
&-t&, s. The state of one thing with respect to ano-
ther, when they cannot be compared by any common
measure.
INCOMMENSURABLE, !n-k&m-m£n'shi-ra-bl, adj.
405. Not to be reduced to any measure common to
both.
INCOMMENSURATE, In-kom-mSnislii-rate, adj.
91. Not admitting one common measure.
To INCOMMODATE, In-k&m-m6 date, 91.
To INCOMMODE, In-kim-mAde/
To be inconvenient to, to hinder or embarrass without
very great injury.
INCOMMODIOUS, In-k5m-m6'd£-fis, or In-k5in-
mo-je-&s, adj. 293. Inconvenient, vexatious with
out great mischief.
INCOMMODIOUSLY, In-k&m-iu6-d4-&s-li, adv.
Inconveniently, not at ease.
INCOMMODIOUSNESS, In-ki>m.m6-d.£-&s-n<?s, s.
Inconvenience.
INCOMMODITY, In-k&m-rn&d£<i-t£, A. Inconve-
nience, trouble.
INCOMMUNICABILITY, In-kSm-m6-n£
t^, s. The quality of not being imiwrtible.
INCOMMUNICABLE, in-kim-muinti-ka-bl, adj.
405. Not impartible, not to be made the com n on
right, property, or quality of more than one ; not to be
expressed, not to be told.
INCOMMUNICABLY, In-kim-in6-n£-ka-bl<*, adv.
In a manner not to be imparted or communicated.
INCOMMUNICATING, In-kSm-mi-n^-ka-tlng, adj.
Having no intercourse with each other.
INCOMPACT, in-kim-pakt,' , ..
INCOMPACTED, In-k6m-pak-t5d,
joined, not cohering.
>v. a.
INC
268
559- File 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi 93, mit 95— pine 105, pin 1O7— no 162, muve 164,
INCOMPRESSIBILITY, 1n-kSm-pr4s si-bll'e-ti, *.
Incapacity to be squeezed into li'ss room.
INCONCURRING, in-kon-k&r-ing. adj. Not agree-
ing.
INCONCEALABI.E, In-k&n-siill bl, adj. Not to
be hid, nut to be kept secret.
INCONCEIVABLE, In-kon-siivJ-bl, adj. Incom-
prehensible, not to be conceived by the mind.
INCONCEIVABLY, in-kon-si-vi-ble, tdv. In a
manner bcxond comprehension.
INCONCEPTIBLE, ln-kun-s^p-t^-bl, adj. Noi to
be conceived, incomprehensible.
INCONCLUOENT, In-kon-klii-dSnt, adj. inferring
no consequence.
INCONCLUSIVE, in-kftn-klii-siv, adj. Not enfor-
cing any determination of the mind, not exhibiting
cogent evidence.
INCONCLUSIVELY, in-kin-klu-slv-li, adv. With-
out any such evidence as determines the understanding.
INCONCLUSIVKNESS, m-k&n-kliiisiv-nis, s. Want
of rational cogency.
INCONCOCT, in-kin-k&kt,'
INCONCOCTED, in-kin-
immature.
INCONCOCTION, in-kin-k&kish&n, s. The state of
being indigested.
INCONDITE, in-k&n-dlte, adj. Irregular, rude, un-
polMied.— See Recondite.
INCONDITIONAL, iu-k&n-dishiun-jU, adj. Witli-
out exception, without limitation.
INCONDITIONATE, in-kon dlshiun-ate, adj. 91.
Not limited, not restrained by any conditions.
INCONFORUITY, in k6n-ior-ine-te, *. Incompli-
ance with the practice of others.
INCONGRUENCE, in-k&ng-^ro-£nse, * 408. Un-
suitableness, want of adaptation.
INCONGRUITY, in-kon-gr&W-ti, *. Unsuitable-
ness of one thing to another; inconsistency, absurdity,
impropriety ; disagreement of parts, want of symmetry.
INCONGRUOUS, in-k&ngigrSo-us, adj. Unsuitable,
not fitting; inconsistent, absurd.
INCONGRUOUSLY, in k6ngigr6-&s li, adu. I-m-
properly, unfitly.
INCONNEXEDLY, in k&n-n^k-s^d li, adv. With-
out any connexion or dependence.
INCONSCIONABLE, in kfin-slifin-i-bl, arii. 405.
Void of the sense of good and evil, unreasonable.
INCONSEQUENCE, in-k&n'si-kw£t>se, *. incon-
clusivcness, want of just inference.
INCONSEQUENT, in-konisi-kw£nt, adj. Without
just conclusion, without regular inference.
INCONSIDERABLE, in-kon-siu^r-4-bl, adj. 405.
Unworthy of notice, unimportant.
INCONSIDERABLENESS, in- k6n-sid^4r-i-bl-n&, *.
Small importance.
INCONSIDERATE, In-kin-sid^r-ite, adj. 91.
Careless, thoughtless, negligent, inattentive, inadver-
tent ; wanting due regard.
INCONSIDERATELY, In-k&n-sidi^r-ate-li, adv. 91.
Negligently, thoughtlesslv.
In-k5n-sid££r-ate-n£s, t.
INCOMPARABLE, ln-kom£pi-ri-bl, ailj. Excel-
lent alwvf compare, excellent beyond all competition,
JJ^- Ttiis is among some of the words in our language,
whose accentuation astonishes foreigners, and sometimes
puzzles natives. What can be the reason, say they, that
comparable and incompariU: have not the same accent as
the verb compare. To which it may be answered : One
reason is, that the English are fond of appearing in the
borrowed robes of other languages; and ascom/xzro/ifrand
incomparable may possibly bederi-.L-d irom cum/iarabiiu
and incomparabiiis, they «eem desirous of laying the stress
on the first syllable, both to show their affinity to the La-
tin words, f see Academy,) and to distinguish them from
the homespun wonts formed from out own verb. When
this distinction is once adopted, the mind, which is al-
ways labouring to express its ideas distinctly and forcibly,
finds a sort of propriety in annexing different ideas to the
different accentuation ; and thu-, the distinction seems to
be not without reason. If we may compare small things
with great, it may be observed, that theevik of language,
like other evils fn nature, produce some good. But it
irwy be likewise observed, that, producingdifterent mean-
ings by a different accentuation of words, is but a bung-
ling way of promoting the copiousness of languages, and
ought as much as possible to be discouraged ; esjiecialiy
when it adds to the difficulty, and takes away from the
harmony of pronunciation. Besides, there is a petty criti-
cism which always induces coxcombs in pronunciation,
to carry these distinctions farther than they ought to go.
Not content with accenting acceptable, admirable, ctnn-
mendable, cotnparable, lamentable, &.C. on the first syllable,
which implies not a mere capacity of being accepted,
fdmireti, &e. but a worthiness of being accented, admired,
&c. : corruptible and susceptible are sometimes accented
in this manner, without tlie least necessity from a differ-
ence of signification. In short, all these refinements in
language, which are difficult to be understood, and pro-
ductive of perplexity, ought to be considered rather as
evils than advantages, and to be restrained within as nar-
row bounds as possible.— See Bowl.
INCOMPARABLY, in-k6mipA-r4 bli, adv. Beyond
comparison, without competition ; excellently, to the
highest degree.
iNCOMFASSiONATE.ln-k&m-pislii&n-ate, adj. 91.
Void of pity.
INCOMPATIBILITY, In-k&m-p&t-i-blW-ti, *. In-
consistency of one thine with another. — See Comjialible.
INCOMPATIBLE, in-kom pit^i bl, adj. Inconsis-
tent with something else, such as cannot subsist or can-
not be possessed together with something else.
INCOMPATIBLY, in-kim-pAt^-ble, ado. • Incon-
sistently.
INCOMPETENCY, in kimip£-tin-si. *. Inability,
want of adequate ability or qualification.
INCOMPETENT, in-k&m-pi-t&it, adj. Not suitable,
not adequate, not proportionate.
INCOMPETENTLY, lti-k&m'p£-t£nt-le, adv. Un-
suitably, unduly.
INCOMPLETE, in-kom-plite,' adj. Not perfect,
not finished.
INCOMPLETENESS, ln-k&m-pl^u-n&, s. Imper-
fection, unfinished state.
INCOMPLIANCE, in-k&m-pli-inse, t. Untracta-
bleness imnracticableness, contradictious temi>er; refu-
sal of compliance.
INCOHPOSED, In-kSm-pAzd,' 359. Disturbed, dis-
composed, disordered.
INCOMFOSSIBILITY, ln-kom-pos si-blW-te, *.
Quality of being not possible, but by the negation or
destruction of something.
INCOMPOSSIBLE, in-kom-p&s^si-bl, adj. Not pos-
sible together.
INCOMPREHENSIBILITY, In-k&m-pr£-h£n.s4-b!li
£-t£, s. Unconceivableness, superiority to human
understand. ng.
INCOMPREHENSIBLE, In-k5m-pri-h£n^-bl, adj.
105. Not to be conceived, not to be fully understood.
INCOMPIIEHENSIBLEMESS, ln-k&m-pre-h£ii-^-bl-
n£s, s. Unconceivablencsf.
I .^COMPREHENSIBLY, in-k&m.pr£_h£n£s£-bW, adv.
In a manner not to be conceived.
INCOMPRESSIBLE, in-kum-pr£sis£.bl, adj. 405.
Not capable of being compressed into less space.
Such
91. Carelessness, thoughtlessness, negligence.
INCONSIDEHATION, in-k&n-sid.£r a-shun,
Want of thought, inattention, inadvertence.
INCONSISTING, in-kon-sis-dng, adj. Not consis-
tent, incompatible with.
INCONSISTENCE, in-k&n-sisitense, 7
INCONSISTENCY, in-kon-sisitin si, 5
op|x>s:tion as that one proposition infers the negation
of the other; such contrariety that both cannot be to-
gether; absurdity in argument or narration, argument
or nairative where one part destroys the other ; incon-
gruity; unsteadiness, unchangeableness.
INCONSISTENT, in-k&n-sisitint, adj Incompatible,
not suitable, incongruous; contrary, absurd.
INCONSISTENTLY, in-k&n-sis-t£nt-li, adu. Ab-
surdly, incongruously, with self-contradiction
INC
2(?9
INC
lioi 167, nit 163— t&be 171, tfib 172, bill 173—511 299— pound 313— thin 468 — THIS 489,
NCORRF.CTLY, In-k6r-rekt-l^, adi'. Inaccurately,
not exactly.
NCORRECTNESS, ln-k&r-r£kt-n£s, S. Inaccuracy,
want of exactness.
NCORRIG1BLE, In-k5rirtUj£-bl, adj. Bad beyond
correction, depraved beyond amendment by any means.
NCORRIGIBLENESS, in-kor-re-je.bl-nSs, s. Hope,
le.-s depravity, badness beyond all means of amendment.
NCORR1GIBLY, In k&rirt* je-bl(i, adv. To a de-
gree of depravity .beyond all means of amendment.
INCORRUPT, In-kor-rupt/ 7 .
, \ M
INCONSOLABLE, In-k5n-so-la-bl, adj. Not to be
comforted, sorrowful beyond susceptibility of comfort.
INCONSONANCY, In-k&n-s6-iia.n-s£, s. Disagree-
ment with itself.
INCONSPICUOUS, ln-kin-splk'u-us, adj. Indis-
cernible, not perceptible by the sight.
INCONSTANCY, In-k5n-stan-s£, s. Unsteadiness,
want of steady aciherenee, mutability.
INCONSTANT, In-kSn-stint, adj. Not firm in re-
solution, not steady in affection ; changeable, mutable,
variable.
INCONSUMABLE, In -kin-sfi-ma-bl, adj. Not to be
wasted.
INCONSUMFTIBLE, InMc&n sum-t^-bl, adj. 412.
Not to be spent, not to be brought to an end.
INCONTESTABLE, In-kon-t&'ta-bl, adj. Not to be
disputed, not admitting debate, incontrovertible.
INCONTKSTABLY, in-kon-tOs-ta-ble, adv. Indis-
putably, incontrovertibly.
INCONTIGUOUS, In-k&n-tig-gi-fis, adj. Not touch-
ing feach other, not joined together.
INCONTINENCE, In-k5a-te-n£nse, ?
, ,«,i j i r S. Inability
INCONTINENCY, fn-kon-te-nen-se, ^
to re train the appetites, unchastity.
INCONTINENT, m-kon-t4-n£nt, adj. Unchaste, in-
dulging unlawful pleasure ; shunning delay, immediate.
An obsolete sense.
INCONTINENTLY, In-k6n£t£-nent-le, ado. Un-
chastely, without restraint of the appetites ; immediate-
ly, at once. An obsolete sense.
INCONTROVERTIBLE, In-k5n-tr<i-v£r-t<i-bl, adj.
405. Indisputable, not to be disputed.
INCONTROVERTIBLY, In-k6n-tr6-v£rit£-ble, adv.
To a degree beyond controversy or dispute.
INCONVENIENCE, ln-k&n-v£-ne>£nse, )
INCONVENIENCY, ln-kin-v£-n£-£n-s£, \
fitness, inexpedience ; disadvantage, cause of uneasi
ness, difficulty.
INCONVENIENT, In-k5n-v&.n<* £nt, adj. Incommo-
dious, disadvantageous ; unfit, inexpedient.
INCONVENIENTLY, In-k6n-v&-ne-£nt-l£, adv
Unfitly, incommodiously ; unseasonably.
INCONVERSABLE, In-k6n-v£r-sa-bl, adj. Incom-
municative, unsocial.
INCONVERTIBLE, in kin v£r-te-bl, adj. No
transmuUib'.e.
INCONVINCIBLE, 1n-k6n.vln-s£-bl, adj. Not toot
convince .1.
INCONVINCIBI.Y, In-kon-vin-sti-ble, adv. With
out admitting conviction.
INCORPORAL, in-kor-po-ral, ndj. Immaterial, dis-
tinct from matter, distinct from Ixnly.
INCORPORALITV, In-kor-po-rll'e-t^, s. Imma-
terialness.
INCORPORALLY, In-kor-pA-ral e, adv. Withou
matter.
To INCORPORATE, In-kor£p<Wate, v. a. To min-
gle different ingredients, so as they shall make on
mass; to conjoin inseparably; to form into a corpora
tion, or body politick ; to unite, to associate, to em
body.
To INCORPORATE, ln-kor-pd-rate, v. n. To u
nite into one mass.
INCORPORATE, In-k5r-p6-rate, adj. 91. Immateri
al, unbodied.
INCORPORATION, In-kor-pA-ra-sh&n,' s. Union o
divers ingredients in one m.tss ; formation of a body po
litick ; adoption, union, association.
INCORPOREAL, In-kor-po-rd-al, adj. Immaterial
unbodied.
INCORPOREALLY, In-kir-pi^rd-al-e, adv. Imma
terially.
INCORPOREITY, In-k5r-p6-r^-t<*, s. Immateria
lity.
To JNCORPSE, In-korps,' i>. a. To incorporate.
INCORRECT, iu-kor-rekt," adj. Not nicely finished
I NCORRUPTED,
Free frora
foulness or depravation ; pure of manners, honest, good.
INCORRUPTIBILITY, In-k5r-r&p-t£-bIW-t§, s.
Insusceptibility of corruption, incapacity of decay.
[NCORRUPTIBLE, in-kir-r&pitd-bl, adj. Not en-
>able of corruption, not admitting decay. — bee Corrup-
iW<rand Incomparable.
[NCORRUPTION, In-k5r-r&pishun, s. Incapacity
of corruption.
[NCORRUPTNESS, In-k5r-rfipt-n<?s, s. Purity of
manners, honesty, integrity ; freedom from decay 01
degeneration.
To INCRASSATE, In-kras^sate, v. a. To thicken,
the contrary to attenuate.
[NCRASSATION, In-kras-sa-slmn, s. The act of
thickening ; the state of growing thick.
[NCRASSATIVE, ln-kras-sa-tiv, adj. 512. Having
the quality of thickening.
To INCREASE, in-krise/ p. n. To grow more or
greater.
To INCREASE, ln-kr£se/ v. a. To make more or
greater.
INCREASE, Inikr&e, s. Augmentation, the state of
growing more or greater ; increment, that which is ad-
ded to the original stock ; produce ; generation ; pro-
geny ; the state of waxing or growing.
INCREASER, in-krd-s&r, s. 98. He who increases.
INCREATED, In-kr^-aiteJ, adj. Not created. — Se«
Increment.
INCREDIBILITY, ln-kr£d-de-b1W-t£, s. The qua-
lity of surpassing belief.
INCREDIBLE, in-knklie-bl, adj. 405. Surpassing
beJUef, not to be credited.
INCREDIBLENESS, i»-kr&W-bl-ni5s, s. Quality of
not being credible.
INCREDIBLY, In-kr&W bl<^, adv. In a manner
not to be believed.
INCREDULITY, in-krt*-du-l£-t£, s. Quality of not
believing, hardness of belief.
INCREDULOUS, ln-kr^d-6-lis, or in-kred-j6-las,
adj. 2U3. 276. Hard of belief, refusing credit.
INCREDULOUSNESS, in-kr£d-j6-I&s-n&5, s. Hard-
ness of belief, incredulity.
INCREMENT, lng-kni-m£nt, s. Act of growing
greater ; increase, cause of growing more; produce.
{£> The inseparable preposition in, with the accent on
it, when followed by hard c or g, is exactly under the
s.nne predicament as can; that is, the liquid and guttural
coalesce. — See Principles, No. 408.
To INCREPAIE, Ing-kr^-pate, v. a. To chide, to
reprehend.
INCREPATION, Ing-kre-pa-sh&n, s. Reprehension,
chiding.
To INCRUST, In-kr&st,' 7
To INCRUST ATE, in-kr&sitate, i v'
with an additional coat.
INCRUSTATION, In-krfis-taish&n, s. An adherent
covering, something superinduced.
To INCUBATE, Ing^ku-bate, v. n. To sit upon eggs.
INCUBATION, lng-k&-ba-sliin, «. The act of sit-
ting upon eggs to hatch them.
INCUBUS, Ingi-kfi-bus, s. The night-mare.
To INCULCATE, in-k51-kate, j>. a. To impress by
frequent admonitions.
INCULCATION, ing-kul-ka-sh&n, ». The act of IHK
preying by frequent admonition.
2G
To cover
IND
270
IND
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83. fit 81— mi 93, n>& 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, mSve 164,
his side, to a crowd of coxcombs vapouring with scraps of
Latin ? — See Principles, No. 512.
IXCI'LT, In-k<,' adj. Uncultivated, untilk-d.
INCUI.PABLE, in-kvil-pu-bl, adj. 4O5. Unblame-
i.blc.
INCULPABLY, In-kfiKpA-bW, adv. Ui btemeabiy.
INCUMBENCY, ln-k&mib£n-s£, $. The act of lying
U|X>n another : the state of keeping a benefice.
INCUMBENT, In.k&mib&it, adj. Resting upon, ly-
ing upon ; imposed as a duty.
INCUMBENT, In-kfim-b^nt, *. He who is in pre-
sent possession of a benefice.
To INCUMBER, In-k&m-bfir, r. a. To embarrass.
To INCUR, in-kur,' v. a. To become liable to a
punishment or reprehension ; to occur, to press on the
senses.
INCURABILITY, In-ki.ra-blW-te, j. impossibility
of cure.
INCURABLE, In-kWri-bl, adj. 405. Not admit-
ting reined v, not to be removed by medicine, irreme-
diable, hopeless.
INCURABI.ENFSS, In-ki-ra-bl-n3s, s. state of not
admitting anv cure.
INCURABLY, in-ki'ri-bl^, adv. Without remedy.
INCURIOUS, ln-kii-re-&s, adj. Negligent, inatten-
tive, without curiosity.
INCURSION, in-k&rishfin, s. Attack, mischievous
occurrence ; invasion, inroad, ravage.
To INCURVATE, in-k&r-vate, v. a. 91. To bend,
to crook.
INCURVATION, In-k&r-va-shfjnj s. The act of
bending or making crooked ; flexion of the body in to-
ken of reverence.
INCURVITY, In-kfir'v£-t£t *. Crookedftess, the state
of bending inward.
To INDAGATE, in-da-gate, v. a. 91. To search,
to examine.
INDAGATION, In-da-gaish&n, s. Search, inquiry,
examination.
I.NUAGATOR, In^dJ-ga-tor, «. 166. 521. A
searcher, an inquirer, an examiner.
To INDART, In-dart/ v. a. To dart in, to strike in.
To INDEBT, ln-d£t,' r. «• 374. To put into debt;
to oblige, to put under obligation.
INDEBTED, ln-d£t-t£d, jxirt. adj. Obliged by some-
thing received, bound to restitution, having incurred a
debt.
INDECENCY, ln-d££s£n-S<?, s. Any thing unbecom-
ing, any thing contrary to good manners.
INDECENT, In-de's^ntj altj. Unbecoming, unfit for
the eyes or ears.
INDECENTLY, ln-dt*-s£nt-l<*, ndt>. Without decency,
ill a manner contrary to decency.
INDECIDUOUS, In-de-sid-fo-&s, or in-dtUsld-jii-
fis, adj. 276. 293. Not falling, not shed.
iNDtttSION, 1n-d£--slzh-&n, s. Want of determi-
nation.
INDFCLINABLE, ln-d£-kli-na-bl, adj. Not varied
by terminations.
INDECOROUS, In-dt*-k6ir&s, 0r1rr-d5k£A-r&s, adj.
Indecent, unbecoming — See llecoroia.
Jf5» Nothing can show more with what servility we
sometimes follow the Latin accentuation than pronounc-
ing this word with the accent on the penultimate. In the
Latin dfcorus the o is long, and therefore has the accent ;
but in tietlecorus the o is short, and the accent is con.se-
qucir.ly removed to the antepenultimate ; this alteration
of accent obtains likewise when the word is used in Eng-
lish, and this accentuation is perfectly agreeable to our
own analogy ; but because the Latin adjective irvitcorm
has the penultimate long, and consequently the accent on
it, we must desert our own analogy, and servilely follow
the Latin accentuation, though that accentuation has no
regard to analogy ; for why rteilccoriisand indetorus, « ords
which have a similar derivation and meaning, should have
Ihc penultimate of different quantities, can be resolved
into nothing but the caprice of custom ; but that so clear
lui analogy of our own language should be subservient to
the capricious usages of the Latin, is a satire upon the good
•er.sc and taste of Englishmen. Dr. Ash is the only one
who place* the accent on the antepenultimate of this word :
but what U his single authority, though with analogy on
INDECORUM, In-de-ko^r&m, 3. Indecer.cy, some-
thing unbecoming.
INDEED, In-i'et-d/ adv. In reah'ty, in truth ; abort
the common rate ; this is to be granted that : it is used
to note a full concession.
INDEFATIGABLE, ln-d<*-fat-t£.ga-bl, adj. Unweari-
ed, not tired, not exhausted bv labour.
INDEFATIGABLY, in-de- fSt-te-gi-bl£, adi.
Without weariness.
INDEFECTUILITY, ln-de-f£k-t<*-blli£-t£, *. The
auality of suffering no decay, or being subject to no
efcct.
INDEFECTIBLE, ln-d£-f£kit£ bf, adj. Unfailing,
not liable to defect or decay.
IN£KFFJSIBLE, 5n-d^-ftizc-bl, adj. 439. Not to
be cut off, not to be vaeated, irrevocable.
INDEFENSIBLE, In-de-f£n-s£-bl, adj. 439. That
cannot be defended or maintained-
INDEFINITE, ln-d£tf£-nlt, ailj. 156. Not deter-
mined, not limited, not settled; large be% end the com-
prehension of man, though not absolutely without li-
mits.
INDEFINITELY, ln-d!W-nlt-l£, adv. Withortany
settled or determinate limitation ; to a degree inde-
finite.
INDEFINITUDE, In-d4-fin^-tude, $. Quantity not
limited by our understanding, though yet finite.
INDFLIBERATE, ln-de-fil>U)£r-ate, 91. 7
INDELIBERATED, Ir.-de-lIbibSr i-t£d, 3 ° J'
Unpiemeditated, done without consideration.
INDELIBLE, In- d£Ke-bl, adj. 405. Not to be blotted
out or effaced ; not to be annulled.
J£5» This word, Mr. Narej observes, both from its
French and Latin etymology, ought to be written fndeit.
title ; wheie we may observe that the different orthography
would not make the least difference in the pronunciation
—See Despatch.
INDELICACY, In-del-e-ka s£, 5. Want of delicacy,
want of elegant decency.
INDELICATE, In-del-e-kate, adj. 91. Without de-
cency, void of a quick sense of decency.
INDEMNIFICATION, In-d&in-n&.fe-ia-shfin, *. Se-
curity against loss or penalty ; reimbursement of loss cr
penalty.
To INDEMNIFY, !n.d£min£-f1, r. o. To secure
against loss or penalty ; to maintain unhurt.
INDEMNITY, Irt-d£m-n£-t£, *. Security from pun-
ishment, exemption from punishment.
To INDENT, In-dent/ v. a. To make any thing
with inequalities like a row of teeth.
To INDENT, in-dent/ p. n. To contract, to make*
compact.
INDENT, ln-d^nt/ *. Inequality, mcisure, indent**
lion.
INDENTATION, In-d^n-ta-sb&n, i. An indenture,
waving in any figure.
INDENTURE, 1n-denitshure, j 461 A covenant
so named because the counterparts are indented 01 cut
one by the other.
INDEPENDENCE, 1n.d(^-pin£d£nse, ?
i iij/ij i r s. Freedom.
INDEPENDENCY, In-de-peniden-se, 5
exemption from reliance or control, state over whiih
none has power.
INDEPENDENT, In-d£-p5nident, adj. Not depend-
ing, not supported by any other, not relying on another,
not controlled ; not relating to any thing else, as to a
superior.
INDEPENDENT, ln-d£-p£r,idf?nt, 5. Or.e who in
religious affairs holds that every congregation is a com-
plete church.
INDEPENDENTLY, In-d£-p5nid£nt-le, adv. With-
out reference to other things.
INDESEHT, In-cic-z^rt,' s. Want of merit.
INDESINENTLY, in-d£s-s<J-n£nt-l«i, adv. Without
cessation.
INPESTUUCTIBLE, ln-di-strfikit^-bl, adj. Not to
be destroyed.
IND
271
IND
n5r 167, not 1G3 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
INDETERMINABLE, ln-<li-t3rim£-nA-bl, adj. 405.
Not to be fixed, not to be defined or settled.
INDETERMINATE, In d<* t£rimi.nate, adj. 91.
Unfixed, not defined, indefinite.
INDETERMINATELY, 'n-de-t£rimi-nate-l^, adv.
Indefinitely, not in any settled manner.
INDETER.MINED, ln-de -tdr-mlnd, adj. 359. Un-
settled, unfixed.
INDETERMINATION, ln-d<i-t£r-m£-na-shun, *.
Want of determination, want of resolution.
INDF.VOTION, la-d^-v6-sllCin, s. Want of devotion,
irrclif-ion.
INDEVOUT, In-di-vo&t/ adj. Not devout, not reli-
gious, irreligious.
INDEX, In^dSks, *. Tlie discoverer, the pointer out ;
the hand that points to any thing ; the table of contents
to a book
INDFXTERITY, In-d<lks-tt5r-tJ.tti, *. Want of dex-
terity, want of readiness.
INDIAN, In-di An, or In-ji-An, or Ind-yAn, s.
S8. SfiM. A native of India.
INDIAN, In-di-An, adj. Belonging to India.
INDICANT, in-di-kAnt, adj. Showing, pointing
out; in physick, that directs what is to be done in any
disease.
To INDICATE, ln^de-kate, v. a. 91. To show, to
point out ; in physick, to point out a remedy.
INDICATION, In-d^-ka-shin, s. Mark, token, sign,
note, symptom ; discovery made, intelligence given.
I.NDfCATlVK, In-dik-kA-tiv, adj. 51 '2. Showing, in-
forming, pointing out; in grammar, a certain modifi-
cation of a verb, expressing affirmation or indication.
INDICATIVELY, In-dik-kA-tlv-l^, adv. In such a
manner as shows or betokens.
To INDICT, Iti-ditf/ v. a. — See Endite and its
derivatives.
INDICTION, in-dlk-shun, s. Declaration, proclama-
tion ; an epocha of the Roman calendar, instituted by
Constantine the Great.
INDIFFERENCE, In.d]f£f£r-£nse, )
s j*r»r* i i r t. Neutrality,
INDIFFERENCY, m-dif-fer-en-se, (
suspension; impartiality; negligence, want of affection
unconcernedness ; stale in which no moral or physical
reason preponderates.
INDIFFERENT, In-dlfSfSr-int, adj. Neutral, not
determined to either side; unconcerned, inattentive,
regardless ; impartial, disinterested ; passable, of a mid-
dling state ; in the same sense it has the foice of an ad-
verb.
INDIFFERENTLY, in-dlf£f£r-&it-14 adv. Without
dia'.inction, wiihoutprefcrence; in a neutral state, with-
out wish or aversion ; not well, tolerably, passably,
middiingly.
INDIGENCE, inid<*-j£nse, 7
i / 1 1 •» i r *• Want penury, po-
INDIGENCY, In^de-jen-sc, }
vcrty.
INDIGENOUS, In-dld-j£-nus, ailj. Native to a coun-
try.
INDIGENT, lni<]£.j£nt, adj. Poor, needy, necessi-
tous; in want, wanting; void, empty
INDIGEST, In-de-j&st,' 7 ,. ,
j ii -7 i.t i r adj. Not separated
INDIGESTED, in de-jes-tAl, 5
into distinct orders; not formed, or shaped ; not con-
cocted in the stomach; not brought to suppuration.
INDIGESTIBLE, In-de-jC's-te-bl, adj. Not concocti-
ble in the stomach.
INDIGESTION, ln-d£-j£s-tsliun, *. The state of
nunts unecmcocted.
To INDIGITATE, In-dld-jd-tato, v. a. To point
out, to show by the fingers.
I.NDIGITAT1ON, in-did-je-ta-shun, s. The act of
pointing out or showing.
INDIGN, in -dine,' adj. 385. Unworthy, undeserv-
ing; bringing indignity.
INDIGNANT, ia-dig-iiu-it, adj. Angry, raging, in
tl.inicil at once with anger and disdain.
INDIGNATION, in-dig-ua-shCin, s. Anger mingled
with contempt or disgust ; the anger of a superior ; th*
effect of anger.
INDIGNITY, iu-dlg-n<5-ti, s. Contumely, contemptu-
ous injury, violation of right accompanied with insult.
[NDIGO, lu-iie-i-6, S. 112. A plant, by the Ame-
ricans called Anil, used in dyeing fur a blue colour. It
is sometimes spelled Intlico.
INDIRECT, In-d^-r^kt/ aflj Not straight, not rec-
tilinear; not tending otherwise than obliquely or con-
sequentially to a point ; not fair, not honest.
INDIRECTION, in-d^ r^kishuii, *. Oblique means,
tendency not in a straight line; dishonest practice.
INDIRECTLY, ln-de-r^kti]^, adv. Not in a right
line, obliquely; not in express terms; unfairly, not
rightly.
INDIRECTNESS, ln-d<J-r3kt-n5s, s. Obliquity ; un-
fairness.
INDISCERNIBLE, in-dlz-z5rin£-bl, adj. Not per-
ceptible, not discoverable.
INDISCERNIBLY, In-diz-z6r-n^-bl<^, ado. In a man-
ner not to be perceived.
INDISCERNIBLE, In-dl»-s4rpiti-bl, adj. Not to
be separated, incapable of being broken or destroyed by
dissolution of parts.
INDISCERPTIBILITY, In-d!s-s2rp-t£-bll'et e, *.
Incapability of dissolution.
INDISCOVERY, in-dis-kuvi&r-i, s. The state ot
being hidden.
INDISCREET, In-dis-krWt,' adj. Imprudent, in-
cautious, inconsiderate, injudicious.
INDISCREETLY, iu-iils-kretkMe, adv. Without
prudence.
INDISCRETION, In-dls-kr^sh-un, *. Imprudence,
rashness, inconsideration.
INDISCRIMINATE, in dls-krlm^-nate, ad}. 91.
(.Indistinguishable, not marked with any note of d is-
tinciiun.
INDISCRIMINATELY, in-dls-krLu^-ii&te-le, adv.
Without distinction.
INDISPENSABLE, In-dls-p^nisi-bl, adj. Not to be
remitted, not to be spared, necessary.
INDISPENSABLENESS, ln-dis-p&i-si-bl-n£s, 5
State uf not being to be spared, necessity.
INDISPENSABLY, iii-dis-p&i-si-bte, adv. With-
out dispensation, without remission, necessarily.
To INDISPOSE, in-dt>-p6zi,' v. a. To make unfit ;
to disincline, to make averse; to disorder, to disquali-
fy for its proper functions; to disorder slightly with re-
gard to health ; to make unfavourable.
INDISPOSEDNESS, tu-db-protdd-n^s, s. 365.
State of uiifiuiess or disinelinaiion, depraved state.
INDISPOSITION, in-dls-pi-zlshiun, s. Disorder
of health, tendency to sickness ; disinclination ; dislike.
INDISPUTABLE, In-dls-im-tA-bl, or in-dls-pu-tA-
bl, nilj. Incontrovertible, incontestable, not to be
disputed.— See Dis/>utaUe.
jt^- This word is nearly under the same predicament
as Disputable. Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, W.
Johnston, Mr. Smith, tiuchanan, and Bailey, adopt the
last accentuation, and only Mr. bhei idan and Entick the
first; and yet, my experience and iccollection gros.-iy fail
me, if this is not the general pronuneiatiuii of polite and
lettered speakers. Mr. Scott lias given both pronuncia-
tions ; but, by placing this the first, seems to give it th«
prefeiencc. — See h reparable.
INUISPUTABLENESS, in-dis-im-tA-bl-nSs, s. The
state of bei;ig indisputable, certainty.
INDISPUTABLY, In-dis-pu-ta-ljle, adv. Without
contro\ersy, certainly; without opposition.
IN DISSOLVABLE, in-dlz-zil-vi- bl, adj. Indissolu-
ble, not separable as to its parts; not lo be broken,
b. nding fur ever.
J£J- For the orthography of tliis word, see Dhsolviblt,
INDISSOLL'BILITY, Ill-cils-sO-lu-biW-te, s. Ke-
sistance of a dissolving power, firmness, stableness.
INDISSOLUBLE, iu-dis-so lii-bl, adj. Resisting all
separation of its parts; firm, stable; Lindii g for ever,
subsisting for e\er. — See Dissoluble.
iNDISbOLUBLENESS, lll-dis-bO-lu-bl-ntk, t. In
dissolubility, reliance to separulion of puru.
272
INE
559. Fiite 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mt*93,m2t95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, m&ve 164,
LvDISSOLUBLY, In-dls^sA-lii bl£, adv. In a manner
resisting all separation ; for ever obligatory.
INDISTINCT, in-dls-tingkt,'flrf;°. Not plainly marked,
confused ; not exactly discerning.
INDISTINCTION, in-dls-tlngkish&n, s. Confusion,
uncertainty : omission of discrimination.
INDISTINCTLY, !n-dls-tlngktile, adv. Confusedly,
uncertainly ; without being distinguished.
INDISTINCTNESS, in-dls-tlngkt-n&s, s. Confusion,
uncertainty.
INDISTURBANCE, In-dis-t&r-banse, s. Calmness,
freedom from disturbance.
INDIVIDUAL, ln-di-vldiju-al, s. A single being,
as opposed to the species.
52^ It is somewhat strange, that this word as a substan-
tive should not have found its way into Johnson's Dic-
tionary, but not in the least strange that Mr. Sheridan
and Dr. Kenrick should omit it.
INDIVIDUAL, In-d^-vld-h-al, or In-d^-vld-jA-al,
adj. 4f>3. Separate from others of the same species,
single, numerically one ; undivided, not to be parted or
disjoined.
|t^- The tendency of rf to po into j, when the accent is
before, and u after it, is evident in this and the succeeding
words. See Principles, No. 293 291. 3'. 6.
INDIVIDUALITY, in-d£-v?d-£l-al-£-t<*, *. Separate
or distinct existence.
INDIVIDUALLY, in-d£-v!d-fa-al-l£, adv. With se-
parate or distinct existence, numerically.
To INDIVIDUATE, In-de-vid-fi-ate, v. a. To dis-
tinguish from others of the same species, to make sin-
INDIVIDUATION, In-d^-vid-d-aish&n, s. That
which makes an individual.
INDIVIDUITY, In-de-vld-u-t*-t£, *. The state of
being an individual, separate existence.
INDIVISIBILITY, In-w-vlz-i-blUi-ti, 5.52. 7
INDIVISIBLENESS, In-d^-vl/i^-bl-nfe, $
State in which no more division can be made.
INDIVISIBLE, ln-d^ -v]*i£-bl, adj. That cannot be
broken into parts, so small as that it cannot be smaller.
INDI VISIBLY, ln-de-viz^-bl£, adv. So as it cannot
be divided.
INDOCIBLE, 1n-dis-£-bl, adj. 405. Unteachable,
unsusceptible of instruction.
INDOCILE. In-d&s-sll, adj. Unteachable, incapable
of beinif instructed.
Jt*P 1 his word and all its relatives have the o so differ-
ently pronounced bv our best orthoepists, that the shortest
way to show the difference will be to exhibit them at one
view.
Dfr.-ile — Sheridan, Scott, Buchanan, VV. Johnston,
Entit-k, Nares, Smith.
Docile - - - Kenrick, Perry.
Indocile - - Sheridau,Scou,Buchanan,W.Johnston,Perry,
Entick.
Indocile.
Vocible - - Sheridan, Scott, Entick.
DorilJe-- Kenrick, Perry.
Indocible- Sheridan, Scott, Buchanan, W. Johnston,
Entick.
IndociMe - Perry.
We here see the great preponderance of authority for
the short sound of o in all these words of three syllables,
not because this letter is short in the Latin words whence
they are derived ; for risible and visible, which have the t
short with us, are risibilis and viiibilis in Latin ; but, be-
cause the accent in our English word is antepenultimate,
anrt because this accent has a shortening power in all words
of this form, which may be called simples, 503, unless the
antepenultimate vowel be v, and then it is always long,
509. 511. 5.57- Thus, the antepenultimate vowel in cre-
dible, clavicle, vesicle, <kc. are short, though derived from
cretlibilis, cldvicula, veficula, Ac. but the a in tamable,
debatable, <kc. is long, because they are formatives of our
own, from tame, debate, &c.
Why Dr. Johnson should spell Indocile without the
final e, as we sec it in the first and last editions of his
Dictionary, cannot be conceived. As well might he have
left this letter put in pverUe, versatile, andjertile. In this
he seems implicitly to have followed the authority of Dr.
Bentley, who, however versed in Latin and Greek, has
been proved by Dr. Lowth not to be infallible in the Gram-
mar of his own language.
INDOCU.ITY, ln-dA-sil-<*-t£, s. Unteachableness, re-
fusal of instruction.
To INDOCTRINATE, ln-dikitr£ nate, v. a. 91.
To instruct, to tincture with any science or opinior.
INDOCTRINATION, In-dik-tr^-na-sljfln, s. in-
struction, information.
INDOLENCE, tnMo-l&iw. 7
T j/jiu jr*. Freedom from
INDOLENCY, inido-len-se, \
pain; laziness, inattention, listlessness.
INDOLENT, InWA-lent, a<(j. Free from pain : care-
less, lazy, inattentive, listless.
INDOLENTLY, ln-dA-l£nt-l4, adv. With freedom
from pain; carelessly, lazily, inattentively, listlessly.
To IN DOW, ln-dou,' v. a. To portion, to enrich
with gifts — See Endow.
INDRAUGHT, llAlr<, S. An opening in the land,
into which the sea flows; inlet, passage inwards.
To INDRENCH, ln-dr£nsh/ v. a. To soak, to drown.
INDUBIOUS, In-dMb^-us, adj. Not doubtful, not
suspecting, certain.
INDUBITABLE, in-db-bi-ta-bl, adj. Undoubted,
unquestionable.
INDUBITABLY, in-di-be-ta-bl£, adv. Undoubtedly,
unquestionably.
INDCBITATE, ln.dfi-b£-t&te, adj. 91. Unquestioned,
certain, apparent, evident.
To INDUCE, In duse/ v. a. To persuade, to influ-
ence to anything) to produce by persuasion or influ-
ence ; to offer by way of induction or cons* queiitial rea-
soning; to produce; to introduce, to bring into view.
INDUCEMENT, in-d6st,£m£nt, 4. Motive to any
thing, that which allures or persuades to any thing.
INDUCER, In-dii-sQr, s. 98. A persuader, one that
influences.
To INDUCT, In-d&kt/ v. a. To introduce, to bring
in ; to put in actual possession of a benefice.
INDUCTION, In-d&k-shun, s. Introduction, en-
trance ; induction is when, from several particular pro-
positions, we infer one general ; the act or state of la-
King possession of an ecclesiastical living.
INDUCTIVE, In-d&kitlv, adj Leading, persuasi-c,
with To; capable to infer or produce.
To INDUE, in-du,' v. a. To invest.
To INDULGE, In-d&lje,' v. «. To fondle, to favour,
to gratify with concession ; to grant, not of right, but
favour.
To INDULGE, In-d&lje,' v. n. To be favourable.
INDULGENCE, ln-diil-j£nse, )
INDUI.GF.NCY, In-dftlijgn-si, }* Fondness, kind-
ness ; forbearance, tenderness, opposite to rigour ; ta-
vour granted ; grant of the church of Rome.
INDULGENT, ln-dul-j£nt adj. Kind gentle; mikl,
favourable; gratifying, favouring, giving «ay to.
INDULGENTLY, ln-dul-j£nt-te, adr. Without se-
verity, without censure.
INDULT, ln-d</ 7
INDUI.TO, in-d&UtA, £ fc Prmlege or ""W-
To INDURATE, InWu rate, v. n. 91. 293. To
grow hard, to harden.
To INDURATE, inidi-rate, v. a. To make hard,
to harden the mind. — See Obdurate.
INDURATION, In-d6-raishin, s. The state of grow-
ing hard ; the act of hardening ; obduracy, hardness of
heart.
INDUSTRIOUS, ln-d&sitr£-&3, adj. Diligent, labori-
ous ; designed, done for the purpose.
INDUSTRIOUSLY, 1n.d&sitrJ-6s liK adv.
ly, laboriously, assiduously ; for the set purpose, with
design.
INDUSTRY, lu^d&s tr£, *. Diligence, assiduity.
To INEBRIATE, In &l>n*-ate, v. a. 91. To i«.
toxicate, to make drunk.
INEBRIATION, ln-4-br^-a-sliBn, t. Drunkenness,
intoxication.
INEBRIETY, In-£-brl-£ t«J, *. The same as Ebriftij.
Drunkenness.
INE
273
INF
n&t 167, nftt 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299— p<5und 313— thin 460 — THis 469.
INEXPKOIENCE, ln-£ks-peMt*-£nse, ) 3. Want
INEXPEDIENCY, ln-eks-pe^t)^-^n-s^, J of fitness,
I\EFFABILITY,ln- £f- flUblV&-t4, * Unspcakableness.
INEFFABLE, ln-4f-fa-bl, adj. 405. Unspeakable.
INEFFABLY, In-£t-fa-bli, adv. In a manner not to
be expressed.
INEFFECTIVE, ln-£f-f£k£tlv, adj. That can pro-
duce no efl'ect — See Kffcct.
INEFFECTUAL, In £f-fekitshu-al, adj. Unable to
produce its proper effect, weak, without power.
INEFFECTUALLY, m-<3f-f<lk-tsliu-al-<i, adv. With-
out effect.
INEFFECTUALNESS, ln-3f-f£kitsh&-al-n£s, s. 463.
Inefficacy, want of power to perform the proper effect.
INEFFICACIOUS, in £f-fd ka-shus, adj. Unable to
produce effects, weak, feeble.
INF.FFICACY, in efcfe-ki se, 5. Want of power,
want of effect.
INEFFICIENT, in-^f-fishi^nt, adj. ineffective.
INELEGANCE, in-£l-e -ganse,
INF.LEGANCY, in-£l'e-gan-s£,
beauty, want of eleuance.
INELEGANT, ln-£l-e-gant, adj. Not becoming, not
beautiful, opposite to elegant; mean, despicable, con-
temptible.
INELOQUENT, In-£K4-kw£nt, adj. Not persuasive,
not oratorical.
INEPT, In-3;>t,' adj. Unfit, useless, trifling, foolish.
INEPTLY, ln-£pt-le, adv. Triflingly, foolishly, un-
fitly.
INEPTITUDE, In £p-t«*-tude, s. Unfitness.
INEQUALITY, in e-kwaW-ti, s. Difference of com-
parative quantity ; unevenness, interchange of higher
and lower parts: di -proportion to any office or purpose,
state of not bcini' adequate, inadequatetiess ; change of
state; unlikeness of a thing to itself; difference of rank
s. Absence of
or station.
INERRABU.ITY, In-£r-ra-biW-tt*, *.
from error.
Exemption
INERRABLE, ln-4r-ra-bl, adj. 105. Exempt from
error.
INERRABLENESS, in-3r-ra-bl-n£s, s. Exemption
from error.
INERRABLY, ln-£r£ru-bl£, adv. With security from
error, infallibly.
INEIUUNGLY, ln-£rirlng-le, adv. Without error.
INERT, ln-£rt,' adj. Dull, sluggish, motionless.
INERTLY, in-lrt-le, adv. Sluggishly, dully.
INESCATION, in-£s-ka-shun, s. The act of laying
a bait in order to deceive.
INESTIMABLE, in-£sit«*-ma-bl, adj. Too valuable
to be rated, transcending all price.
I.N'EVIDENT, ln-£viti-dent, adj. Not plain, obscure.
INEVITABILITY, in-£v-d-ta-bil^-te, s. impossibi-
lity to be avoided, certainty.
INEVITABLE, ln-£v^-ta-bl, adj. Unavoidable, not
to be escaped,
INEVITABLY, ln-lv^-ti-bl£, adv. Without possi-
bility of escape.
INEXCUSABLE, ln-2ks-k&iza-bl, adj. Not to be
excused, not to be palliated bv apology.
INEXCUSABLEXESS, in-£ks ku-za-bl-n£s, s. Enor-
mity beyond forgiveness or palliation.
INEXCUSABLY, ln-£ks-kuiza-bl£, adv. To a de-
gree of guilt or folly beyond excuse.
INEXHALABLE, in-eks-ha-la-bl, adj. That cannot
evaporate.
JNEXHAUSTED, ln-eks-haws£t£d, adj. Uncmptied,
not possible to be emptied.
INEXHAUSTIBLE, in-eks-ba\vs-te-bl, adj. Not to
be spent.
INEXISTENCE, in-<?gz-lsit£nse, *. Want of being,
want of existence.
INEXISTENT, in-£gz-Isit£nt, adj. 478. Not having
being, not to be found in nature.
INEXORABLE, ln-£ks>'-i-ra-bl, adj. Not to be en-
treated, not to be moved by entreaty.
nt of propriety, unsuitableness to time or place.
INEXPEDIENT, in-£ks-pe-di-«hit, adj. 293. In-
convenient, unfit, improper.
INEXPERIENCE, in-eks-p^rc-^nso, j. Want ol
experimental knowledge.
INEXPERIENCED, In-lks-p4-ni 3nst, adj. Not ex-
perienced.
INEXPERT, in-eks.pt-rt,' adj. Unskilful, unskiik-d.
INEXPIABLE, in-^ksip<i-a-bl, adj. Not to be atou-
ed, not to be mollified by atonement.
INEXPIABI.Y, ln-eks-pe-a-ble, adv. To a degree
beyond atonement.
INEXPLICABLE, in-eksiple-ka-bl, adj. incapable
of being explained.
INEXPLICABLY, in 3ksipl£-ka-ble, adv. In a man-
ner not to be explained.
INEXPRESSIBLE, in-eks-pr&^se-bl, adj. Not to be
told, not to be uttered, unutterable.
INEXPRESSIBLY, in-£ks-pr£s-se'-l>]e, adv. To a
degree or in a mariner not to be uttered.
INEXPUGNABLE, In &ks-pug£na IA, adv. Impreg.
liable, not to be taken by assault, not t:' Iw sub.lu.d.
INEXTINGUISHABLE, In-Sks-tlng-gwish-a-bl, adj.
405. Unquenchable.
INEXTRICABLE, in.£ks-tre ka-bl, adj. Not to bo
disentangled, not to be cjeared.
INEXTRICABLY, In-JkaUri-kl bW, adv. To a de
gi ee of perplexity not to be disentangled.
To iNEliE, In-'i,' v. n. To inoculate, to propagate trot-*
by the incision of a bud into a foreign stock.
INFALLIBILITY, In-ial-le-biW-te, £
LNFALLIBLENESS, in-faJ-le-bl-ues,
lity, excmpiiou from error.
INFALLIBLE, in-fal-le-bl, adj. 405. Privileged
from error, incapable of mistake.
INFALLIBLY, iu-t'al-le.ble, adv. Without danger
of deceit, with security from error, certainly.
IN FAME, in-fame,' v. a. To represent to disadvan-
tage., to defame, to censure pubiickly.
IN FAMOUS, in-fa-mus, adj. Pubiickly branded with
guilt, openly censured.
INFAMOUSLY, In-fa-mus-lci, adv. With o]>en re-
proach, with pubhcK. notoriety of reproach ; shameful-
ly, scandalously.
INFAMOUSNESS, Inifa-mfis-n^s, 7
? im i ^^ . r *• Publick rc-
INFAMY, in-fi-me, 503. i
I>rdach, notoriety of bad character.
INFANCY, 'in-fan-s£, *. The first part of life; first
age of any thing, beginning, original.
INFANT, in-taut, s. A child from the birth to the
end of the seventh year; in law, a young person to the
age of one ami twenty.
INFANTA, in-fan-ta, s. 92. A princess descended
from the royal blood of bpain or Portugal.
INFANTICIDE, in-fan-te side, *. 143. The slaugh-
ter of the infants by Herod.
INFANTILE, in-fan-tilu, adj. 145. Pertaining to
an infant.
INFANTINE, in-fln-tlne, adj. 149. Suitable to an
infant.
INFANTRY, Inifan-tri, S. The foot soldiers of an
army.
To INFATUATE, In-fatsh-u-ate, v. a. To strike
with folly ; to d
INFATUATION
deprive u,
i, In -I at
if undei standing
atsh-u-aisli&n,' s. The act of
sinking with folly, deprivation of reason.
NFEASIULE, iil-l»i-ze-bl, adj. Impracti
.calile.
To INFECT, in-ltikt,' t-. a. To act U|xm in conta-
gion, to arlect with communicated qualitie<, to hull ;;v
coiiUigiun ; to fill with something luirtiully contagions.
INFECTION, in-f^k-shiin, 5. Conugiun, iu.*c-h.ci
by cMmmunication.
INFECTIOUS, in-fek-shus, adj. Contagious, itiiVu
eucmg by communicated nuahtif>.
INF 274 INF
63- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat SI— n^ 93, mil 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mire 164,
INFECTIOUSLY, In-ftkislifis-W, adv. Contagiously INFI.AMFR, In-flaimfir, j. The thing or person
INFECTIOUSNESS, in-felkisl.us n£s, 4. The quality
of being infections, contagiousness.
INFECTIVE, lu-f£kitlv, adj. Having the quality of
contagion.
INFECUNIJ, in-f£ki&nd, adj. Unfruitful, infertile.
—See facuiuL
INFICUNUITY, ln-A!-k&nid&.t£, s. Want of fer-
tility.
INFELICITY, in-fe-lisis£-t£, *. Unhappiness, mise-
ry, calamity.
To IXFKH, in-f£r,' v. a. To bring on, to induce;
to draw conclusions from foregoing premises.
INFF.RABLE, in f£rii-bl, adj. To be inferred.
INFERENCE, inif£r-£nse, s. Conclusion drawn from
previous arguments.
INFERIBLE, ln-(3r-r£-bl, adj. Deducible frun pre-
mised ground?.
INFERIORITY, in-ft*-r4-&r^-t«J, *. Lower state of
dignity or value.
INFEIUOUR, in- f\£r£-ur, adj. 3 1 4. Lower in place ;
lower in station or rank of life; lower in value or ex-
cellency ; subordinate. — See Honour.
INFEUIOUH, In-I'd-rii-ur, *. One in a lower rank
or station than another.
INFERNAL^ in.fdr-nal, adj. Hellish, Tartarean.
INFERNAL, ln-ft?r-nal, s. One that comes from
hell ; one exceedingly wicked.
INFERNAL-STONE, in-f£rinal-stAne, s. The lunar
caustick.
INFERTILE, \n-ftr-t\l, adj. 140. Unfruitful, not
productive.
INFERTILITY, t-ffc-dW-ti, s. Unfiuitfuiness.
To INFEST, in-f^st/ v. a. To harass, to disturb, to
plague.
IN FESTIVITY,
want of cheerfulness.
Mournfulness,
INFESTREO. in-f^-turd, adj. Rankling, inveterate.
—Properly Infestered.
INFEUDATION, in-fit ^a-sh&n, s. The act of put-
ting one in p<:l>ession of a fee or estate.
INFIDEL, in-t^-dC'l, S. An unbeliever, a miscreant,
a pagan, one who rejects Christianity.
INFIDELITY, in-!e-d<iUe t\J, s. Want of faith ;
disbelief of Christianity ; treachery, deceit.
INFINITE, in-f^-nlt, or/;. 156. Unbounded, un-
limited, immense; it is hypetbolk-aily used fur large,
great,
INFINITELY, in-fU nit-UK adv.
rithout bounds, immensely.
Without limits,
INFINITENESS, in-te-nlt-n^s, s. immensity, bound-
lessness.
INFINITESIMAL, ln-f£-n£.t£s£s£-inal, adj. Infi-
nitely divided.
INFINITIVE, ln-fln-«i tiv, adj. 157. Unconfined,
belonging to that nuxxi of a vetb which expresses the
action or I'e ng indeterminately.
INFINITUDE, in-fin^e-tiide, s. Infinity, immensity ;
boundless number.
INFINITY, in-lin^-t^, *. Immensity, boundless-
ness, unlimited qualities; endless number.
INFIRM, in-ferm/ adj. 108. Weak, feeble, disabled
of body ; weak of mind, irresolute ; not stable, not
solid.
INFIRMARY, in-f£r-ira-r£, s. Lod0ings for the
sick.
INFIRMITY, in-f£i-mi-t£, s. Weakness of sex, age,
or temper: tailing, weakness, fault; disease, malady.
IN FIRM NESS, in-ftrin-llL'S, s. Weakness, feebleness.
To INFIX, in-f'iks,' r. a. To drive in, to fasten
To INFLAME, in-flaim,' v. a. To kindle, to set
INFLEXIBILITY,
INFLEXIBLENESS, in-
that inflames.
INFLAMMABILITY. In-flam-ma-bil'i-ti, *. Tb«
quality of catching fire
INFLAMMABLE, In fiimima bl, adj. Easy to be
set on flame.
INFLAMMABI.ENESS. in-flaminm bl-n£s, t. The
quality of easily catching fire.
INFLAMMATION, in-flam-n;a-shun, s. The act of
setting on flame ; the state of Ix-ing in flame; the heat
if any morbid part occasioned by obstruction ; the act
of exciting ier\our of mind.
INFLAMMATORY, in-flamima-tur <*, adj 512.
Having the power of inflamir.g.— For the o, see Dome*-
tick.
To INFLATE, in-flate/ f. a. To swell with wind ;
to fill with the breath.
INFLATION, in-flaishfin, s. The state of being
swelled with wind, flatulence.
To INFLECT, in-fl£kt,' v. a. To bend, to turn ; to
change or vary ; to vary a noun or verb in i:s termina-
tions.
INFLECTION, ln-fl£kish?m, S. The act of bending
or turning ; modulation of the voice ; variation of a
noun or verb.
INFLECTIVE, in-flekitiv, adj. Having the power
of bending.
TV ln_fliVc_«4_t.7KA «i 1
*. Stiffness,
quality of resisting flexure; obstinacy, temper not to
be bent, inexorable persistence.
INFLEXIBLE, in-fleksie-bl, adj. 405. Not to be
bent ; not to be prevailed on, immovtable ; not to be
changed or altered.
INFLEXIBLY, in-flck^-ble, adv. Inexorably, in-
variably.
To INFLICT, ln-flikt/ v. a. To put in act or im-
pose as a punishment.
INFLICTEU, in-flik-t&r, j. 98. He who punishes.
INFLICTION, in-flik^shfin, *. The act of using pu-
nishments ; the punishment in posed.
INFLICTIVE, in-fllk-tlv, adj. 156. That is laid
on as a punishment.
INFLUENCE, in-fiu-£nse, s. Power of the celestial
aspects operating uprn terrestrial bodies and affairs;
ascendant power, power of directing or modifying.
To INFLUENCE, mifiu-£nse, v. a. To act upon
with directive or impulsive power, to modify to any
purpose.
INFLUENT, Iniflfi-ent, adj. Flowing in.
INFLUENTIAL, in-flu-en-shal, adj. Exerting in-
fluence or power.
INFLUX, iuifl&ks, ». Act of flowing into any thing ;
infusion.
To INFOLD, ln-fold/ v . a. To involve, to inwrap.
To INFOLIATE, in-loMe-ate, v. a. 91. To cover
with leaves.
To INFORM, in-form/ v. a. To animate, to actuate
by vital poweis; to instruct, to supply with new know-
ledge, to acquaint ; to offer an accusation to a magis-
trate.
To INFORM, In-forrr,' v. n. To give intelligence.
INFORMANT, ln-for-mant, s. One who gives in-
formation or instruction; one who exhibits an accu-
sation.
INFORMATION, in-for-ma-sl.un, *. ii.teiiigM.cegi-
ven, instruction ; charge or accusation exhibited ; th*
act of informing or accusing.
INFORMER, In-lorm-lir, *. Off. One who gives
intelligence; one who discovers offenders to the magis-
trates.
INFORMIDABLE, in-forin.£-da-bl, adj. Not to b»
f a'ed, not to be rireadid.
on fire; to kindle desire; to exaggerate, to aggrava'e ; JNiOKMJTy i,,-f3rinit'-te, S. Sha]*lc*sncss.
to he«t the body morbidly with obstructed matter; to
prov.ke, to irritate: to fiie with passicn. j I.VFOKMOUS, in-^or-mus, adj. 314. Shai*lcss, of
INFLAME, in-flanie,' v. n. To grow hot and' no regular figure.
To lirrai.
To INFLAME, in-flime,'
painful bv obstructed matter.
To grow hot and • no regular I
i To INFRACT ir.-fiakt' >•.
ING
:75
INII
167, n5t 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
INFRACTION, In-frakishfrn, *. The act of break-
ing, breach, violation.
INFRANGIBLE, ln-1'rin' j^-bl, ailj. Not to be broken.
IN FREQUENCY, In-freikw3n-se, s. Uncommonness,
rarity.
INFREQUENT, 1n-M'kw3nt, adj.
mor. — See Frequent.
Rar
To INFRIGIDATE, In-frldiji date, v. a. To chill,
to make cold.
To INFRINGE, ln-frlnjr,' v. a. To violate, to break
laws or contracts ; to destroy, to hinder.
» INFRINGEMENT, In- ffinje-mSnt, s. Breach, viola-
tion.
INFRINGER, In-frlnjti&r, s. 98. A breaker, a vio-
lator.
INFURIATE, In-fu-re-ate, adj. 91. Enraged, raging.
INFUSCATION, In-ffis-ka-shun, s. The act of dark-
ening or blackening.
To INFUSE, In-luze,' v. a. To pour in, to instil ;
to pour into the mi n.l, to inspire into ; to steep in any
liquor with a gentle heat ; to tincture, to saturate with
any thing infused ; to inspire with.
INFUSIBLE, in-fu-ze-bl, adj. 439. Possible to be
infused ; incapable of dissolution, not fusible.
INFUSION, In-fu-zhun, s. The act of pouring in,
instillation ; the act of pouring into the mind, inspira-
tion ; the act of steeping any thing in moisture without
boiling ; the liquor made by infusion.
INFUSIVE, ln-fiiislv, adj. 158. 428. Having the
. power of infusion, or being infused.
INGATHERING, In-giTH-Qr-Ing, s. The act of
gathering in the harvest.
To INGEMINATE, in-jim-mi-nate, v. a. 91. To
double, to repeat.
INGEMINATION, In-j£tn-m£ na-shuri, t. Repeti-
tion, reduplication.
INGENDERER, ln-j£nidur-fir, *. He that generates.
— See Engender.
INGENERABLE, !n-j£n-£-ra-bl, adj. Not to be
produced or brought into being.
INGENERATE, in-j£n-t*-rate, 91. ?
INGENERATEU, In-jSn^-ra-tld, $ adJ' Inbo"»
innate, inbred; unbegotten.
INGENIOUS, in-je-ne-fis, adj. Witty, inventive,
possessed of genius.
adv. Wittily, sub-
Wittiness,
INGENIOUSLY, in fi-
tilely.
INGENIOUSNESS, ln-j£in£ -us-n5s, s.
subtiltv.
INGENITE, In^jSn-It, adj. 140. Innate, inborn, in-
generate.
INGENUITY, In-j(i.nu-e-t^, j. Wit, invention, ge-
nius, subtiltv, acuteness, craft.
INGENUOUS, Iii-j^ni-iiu- us, adj. Open, fair^ can-
did, generous, noble ; frerborn, not of servile extraction.
INGENUOUSLY, In-j£n-u-us-le, adv. Openly, fair-
ly, candidly, generously.
INGENUOUSNESS, ln-j£uinu-us-n£s, s. Openness,
fairness, candour.
INGESTION, in-j£s-tshtm, s. 464. The act ofthrow-
ing into the stomach.
INGLORIOUS, In-gliir^-us, adj. Void of honour,
moan, without glory.
INGLORIOUSLY, in-gl6ir^-us 14, adv. With ig-
nominy.
INGOT, In-gfit, s 166. A mass of metal.
To INGRAFF, in-grallf i>. a. To propagate trees by
inoculation.
To INGRAFT, In-graft/ r. a. To propagate trees by
grafting ; to plant the sprig of one trie in the stock ot'
another: to plant any tiling not native; to fix deep, to
settle— See To Grajfl'snA Graft.
INGRAFT.MENT, in-graftiru£nt> s. the act of in-
grafting; the sprig ingrafted.
INGHATE, ln-gratt^ 7
INGHATEFUL, In-grateful, 5 adJ' Ull8«tcful, un-
tlumkful ; unjilea$!iig to the sense.
To INGRATIATE, ln-graisli£-ate, v. a. 461. To
put in favour, to recommend to kindness.
INGRATITUDE, In-grat't^-tudc, *. Retribution e*
evil for good, unthank fulness.
INGREDIENT, !n-gn^jent, $. 294. Component part
of a body consisting of different materials.
INGRESS, In-gr£s, S. 408. Entrance, power of en-
trance.
INGRKSSION, ln-gr?sh-un, s. The act of entering.
INGUINAL, Ing-gwe-nal, adj. Belonging to the
groin.
To INGULF, In-gulf/ v. a. To swallow up in a vast
profundity ; to cast into a gulf.
To INGURGITATE, In-g5rij£-tate, v. a. To swal-
low.
INGURGITATION. ln-gAr-j»i-tiishun, s. The act
of swallowing. 4
INGUSTABLE, In-g5s-ta-bl, adj. Not perceptible
by the taste.
INHABILE, ln-hab-11,
\{ adj. Unskil-
ful, unreadv, unfit, unqualified.
J£5=- Dr. Johnson and Mr. Sheridan have, in rhy opi-
nion, very properly accented this word on the second sy 114*
ble; but the French accentuation on the last seems' tlie
most currer.t. For though the origin of this word is the
Latin inhabilis, it came to us through the French inAa-
bile, and does not seem yet to be naturalized.
To INHABIT, In-hab-It, v. a. To dwell in, to hold
as a dweller.
To INHABIT, In-hab-It, v. n. To dwell, to live.
INHABITABLE, In-hab-e-ti-bl, adj. Capable of
affording habitation ; incapable of inhabitants, not ha-
bitable, uninhabitable, la this last sense not now
used.
INHABITANCE, In-habiit^anse, s. Residence of
dwellers.
INHABITANT, ?n-hab-lt-ant, s. Dweller, one that
lives or resides in a place.
INHABITATION, ln-hab-4-ta-shun, s. Habitation,
place of dwelling; the act of inhabiting, or planting
with dwellings, state of being inhabited •, quantity of
inhabitants.
INHABITED,, ln-hab-lt-&r, s. 98. One that inhab-
its, a dweller.
To INHALE, In-hale/ v. a.
to inspire.
To draw in with air,
INHARMONIOUS, in-har-m6^n^-fis, adj. Unmusi-
To exist in something
cal, not sweet of sound.
To INHERE, In-li&v,' v. n.
else.
INHERENT, In-h£-r3nt, adj. Existing in something
else, so as to be inseparable from it, innate, inborn.
To INHERIT, In-h4rMt, v. a. To receive or pos-
sess by inheritance ; to possess, to obtain possession of.
INHERITABLE, in-h£rirlt-a-bl, adj. Transmissible
by inheritance, obtainable by succession.
INHERITANCE, ln-h^r-rlt-anse, s. Patrimony, he^
reditary possession ; in Shakespeare, possession ; the re-
ception of possession by hereditary right.
INHERITOR, ln-he>-rlt-fir, 3. 169. An heir, one
who receives any thing by accession.
INHERITRESS, In-h3r£rit-i£s, )
INHERITRIX, In-hSrVit-triks, f '• An heiress'
To INHERSE, ln-h£rst,' v. a. To enclose in a fune^
ral monument.
INHESION, In-he-zhun, *. 451. Inheritance, tha
state of existing in something else.
To INHIBIT, in-hlb-lt, v. a. To restrain, to hinder,
to repress, to cheek ; to prohibit, to forbid.
INHIBITION, ln-h<^-blsh-&n, s. Prohibition, em-
bargo: in law, inhibition is a writ to inhibit or forbid
a jtulge from farther proceeding in the cause depending
before him.
To INHOLI), In-hAld,' v. a. To have inherent, to
contain in itself.
INHOSPITABLE, In-h5sip^-ia-bl, adj. Affording
no kindness or entertainment to strangers.
INHOSPITABLY, In.lius-pe-ti-blti, adv. UckinUty
to btranjicrs.
IXJ
276
INN
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m£ 93, ro£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 164,
1
I MIOSPITABLF.NF.SS, In-hos-pe'-tA-bl-n^s,
INHOSPITALITY. in-
Want of hospitality, want of courtesy to strangers.
INHUMAN, in-hdiimin, adj. 88. Barbarous, sa-
vage, cruel, uneompassionate.
INHUMANITY, in-hi-man^-t£, s. Cruelty, savage-
ness, barbarity.
INHUMANLY, In-h&-man-l£, adv. Savagely, cruel-
ly, barbarously.
To INHUMATE, ln-hu-mate, 1 v. a. To bury, to
To INHUME, In-h6me£ $ inter.
To INJECT, In-j£kt,' v. a. To throw in, to dart in.
INJECTION, In-jekish6n, *. The act of casting
in ; any me<licine made to be injected by a syringe, or
any other instrument, into any part of the body ; the
act of filling the vessels with wax, or any other proper
matter, to show their shiipes and ramifications.
INIMICAL, in-imie-kal, orin-£-mi-kuI, adj. Hos-
tile, contrary, repugnant.
J£5» This word sprung up in the House of Commons
tome years ago, and has since been so much in use as to
make us wonder how we did so long without it. It had,
indeed, one gre.it recommendation, which was, that it was
pronounced Tn direct opposition to the rules of our own
language. An Englishman, who had never heard it pro-
nounced, would, at first sight, have placed the accent on
the antepenultimate, and have pronounced the penulti-
mate i short; but the vanity of showing its derivation
from the Latin inimicus, where the penultimate i is long;
Mid the very oddity of pronouncing this t long in inimical,
made this pronunciation fashionable. I know it may be
urged, that this word, with respect to sound, was as great
an oddity in the Latin language as it is in our's ; and that
the reason for making the t long, was its derivation from
amicus. It will be said too, that, in other words, such as
tromaticiis, tyrannical, rkeloricus, Inc. the i was only
terminational ; but in inimicus it was radical, and there-
fore entitled to the quantity of its original amicus. In an-
iwertothis, it may be observed, that th is was no reason
for placing the accent on that syllable in Latin. In that
language, whenever the penultimate syllable was long,
whether radical or terminational, it had always the aecenl
on it. Thus, the numerous terminations in ala and a/or
by having the penultimate a long, had always the accen'
on that letter, while the i in the terminations Uii and iius
seldom had the accent, because that vowel was generally
ihort. But, allowing for a moment that we ought servile^-
ly to follow the Latin accent and quantity in words which
we derive from that language ; this rule, at least, ought
to be restricted to such words as have preserved their La-
tin form, as orator, senator, character, &c. yet in these
words we find the Latin penultimate accent entirely ne-
glected, and the English antepenultimate adopted. Bu
if this Latin accent and quantity should extend to word
from the l.atin that are anglicised, then we ought to pro-
nounce divinity, dc-vine-c-ty ; severity, se-i-ere-c-ty ; and
urbanity, vr-bdne-e-ty. lu short, the whole language
would be n'etamorphosed, and we should neither pro-
nounce English nor Latin, but a Babylonish dialect be-
tween both.
INIMITABILITY, ln-Im-4-ta-blW-tt*, i. Incapacitj
to be imitated.
INIMITABLE, ln-lm£e-ta-bl, adj. 405. Above imi
tation, not to be copied.
INIMITABLY, ln-lm^-ta-bl£, adv. In a manne
i.ot to be imitated, to a degree of excellence above imi
txtion.
To INJOIN, in-joln,' v. a. To command, to enforc
by authority. — See Enjnin ; in Shakespeare, to join.
INIQUITOUS, 1n-\k-kw«*-tus, adj. Unjust, wicked.
INIQUITY, ln-lk-kw£-t£, s. Injustice, unreason
ableness; wickedness, crime.
INITIAL, ln-nlsh^al, adj. 461. Placed at the be-
ginning ; incipient, not complete.
To INITIATE, in-Ish^-ate, v. a. To enter, to in
struct in the rudiments of an art.
To INITIATE, in-ishii-ate, v. n. To do the firs
part, to perform the first rite.
INITIATE, in-ish^-ate, adj. 91. Unpractised.
INITIATION, In-lsh-e-a-sh&n, s. The act of enter
ing a new comer into any art or state.
INJUCUNDITY, in-ju>k&nid<i-t^, $. Unpleasant
MM
NJUDICABLE, In-ju^de-ka-bl, adj Not cognizable
by a judge.
NJUDICIAL, In-jfi-dlsh-al, adj. Not according to
form of law.
NJUDICIOUS, In-jii-dlshi&s, adj. Void of judg-
ment, without judgment.
NJUDICIOUSLY, ln-ju>d!sh'fis-l£, adv. With il1
judgment, not wisely.
"NJUNCTION, In-j&ngk-shfin, s. Command, order,
precept ; in law, injunction is an interlocutory decree
out or the chancery.
To INJURE, In-j&r, v. a. To hurt unjustly, to mis-
chief undeservedly, to wrong ; to annoy, to affect with
any inconvenience.
[NJURER, inijCir-fir, *. 98. He that hurts another
unjustly.
INJURIOUS, ln-ju'r^-us, adj. 314. Unjust, inva-
sive of another's right; guilty of wrong or injury ; mis-
chievous, unjustly hurttul; detractory, contumelious,
reproachful.
INJURIOUSLY, ln-ju-ir£-&s-te, adv. Wrongfully,
hurtfully, with injustice.
INJUUIOUSNESS, ln-juirWis-n£s, s. Quality of be-
ing injurious.
INJURY, lnij£l-r£, i- Hurt without justice; mis-
chief, detrimtnt; annoyance; contumelious language,
reproachful appellation.
INJUSTICE, In-j&sitis, *. 142. Iniquity, wrong.
I.VK, Ingk, *. 408. The black liquor witli which
men write; ink is used for any liquor with which they
write, as red ink, green ink.
To INK, Ingk, ». a. To black or daub with ink.
INKHORN, IngkMiorn, s. A portable case for the
instruments of writing, commonly made of horn.
INKLE, Ing-kl, s. 405. A kind of narrow lillet, a
tape.
INKLING, ingki-llng, i. Hint, whisper, intimation,
INKMAKER, ingk-ma-kOr, s. He who makes ink.
INKY, Ingk^e, adj. Consisting of ink ; resembling
ink ; black as ink.
INLAND, In-lind, adj. 88. Interiour, lying remote
from the sea.
INLAND, In-I&nd, s. Interiour or midland parts.
INLANDER, In-lan-d&r, s. 98. Dweller remote from
the sea.
To INLAPIDATE, In-lapi^-date, r. a. To make
stony, to turn to stone.
To INLAW, in-law,' v. a. To clear of outlawry or
attainder.
To INLAY, In-Ia,' v. a. To diversify with difior-
ent bodies inserted into the ground or substratum ; ;o
make variety by being inserted into bodies, to varre-
gate.
INLAY, In-la, *. 492. 498. Matter inlaid, wood
formed to inlay.
INLET, In-ldt, s. Passage, place of ingress, entrance.
INLY, ln-lt^, adj. Interiour, internal, secret.
INMATE, In-mate, *. Inmates are those that are
admitted to dwell for their money jointly » ith another
man.
INMOST, Inimost, adj. Deepest within, remotest
from the surface.
INN, in, *. A house of entertainment for travellers ;
a house where students are boarded and taught.
To INN, In, v. tt. To take up temporary lodging.
To INN, ill, v. a. To house, to put under cover.
INNATE, In-nate,' 91. 7 .. ,
>/ ij tad]. Inborn, ingenerate,
INNATED, in-na-ted, J •
natural, not superadded, not adscititious.
INNATENESS, in-natt-n^s, j. The quality of be-
ing innate.
INNAVIGABLE, ln-nav-v^- ga-bl, adj. Not to be
passed by sailing.
INNER, lii-ntir adj. 98. Interiour, not outward.
INNERMOST, In-nQr-most, adj. Remotest from the
outward part.
1NO
»Sr n?, not 163— tube 171. lib 172, bill T
I.VNHOLDER, in-hol-dur, s. A man who keeps an
inn.
INNINGS, ln-nlugz, *. 410. Lands recovered from
the sea.
INNKEEPER, In-ke^p-ir, s. One wrho fceeps lodg-
ings and provisions for entertainment of travellers.
INNOCENCE, in-n&-s£ns<>, \
i i' i ' i it* Purity from mju-
INNOCENCY, In-nQ-8$n-se, j
rious action, untainted integrity; freedom from guilt
imputed; harrnlessness, innexiousness; simplicity of
heart, perhaps with some degree of weakness.
INNOCENT, ln£nA-s£at, adj. Pure from mischief;
free from any particular guilt; unhurtful, harmless in
-effects.
INNOCENT, Inin6-s£nt, s. One free from guilt or
harm ; a natural, an idiot.
INNOCENTLY, Iu'n<i-s£!;t~li, adv. Without guilt ;
with simplicity, with silliness or imprudence; without
hurt.
INNOCUOUS, In-n5k'kt!i-&s, adj. Harmless in ef-
fects.
INNOCUOUSLY, ln-n&kikb-&s-le, adv. Without
mischievous effects.
iNNQCUQUSNESg, Iil-nqk-ki-us-n6s, t. Harrtrless-
nesR.
To INNOVATE int'ii-vate, v. a- 91. To brin/in
something not known before; to change by introducing
novelties.
INNOVATION, In-no-vaishun, s. Change by the
introduction of novelt)'.
INNOVATOR, In' no va-t&r, s. 166. 521- An in-
troducer of novelties; one that makes changes by in-
troducing novelties.
INNOXIOUS, in-n5k£sli&s. adj. Free from mis-
chievous effects; pure from crimes.
I.VNOXIOUSLY, In-n&kish&s le, ado. Harmlessly.
INNOXIOUSNESS, ln-nok-shus-n£s, s. Uarmles*-
ness.
INNUENDO, ln-n&-4nidA, *. An oblique hiut.
INNUMERABLE, In-nii-mir-a-bl, adj. Not to be
counted for multitude.
INNUMERABLY, iii-ni-mur-a-bLe, adv. Without
number.
INNUMERGUS, In-ni-m&r-lis, adj. 557. Too many
to be counted.
To INOCULATE, in-ik-ki-late, v. a. To propa-
gate any plant by inserting its bud into another stock,
to practise inoculation ; to yield a bud to another
stock.
INOCULATION, In-ok-kt-la-sh&n, s. inoculation
is practised upon all sorts of stone fruit, and upon oran-
ges and jasmines; the practice of transplanting the
small-pox, by infusion of the matter from ripened pus-
tules into the veins of the uninfected.
INOCULATOR, io-5kikta-la-tur, *. 521. One that
practises the inoculation of trees ; one who propagates
the small-pox by inoculation. '
INODOROUS, ln-o-dur-6s, adj. 3 1 4. Wanting scent,
not affix-ting the nose.
INOFFENSIVE, in-&f-fenislv, adj. 158. Giving no
scandal, giving no provocation ; giving no pain, caus-
ing no tenor; harmless, inno.euL. — See Offensive.
INOFFENSIVELY, in-6(-f^n-siv-l«, adv. Without
appearance of harm, without harm.
INOFFENSIVENESS, in-5f-fen-slv-n£s, s. Harmless-
ness.
INOFFICIOUS, In-AC-fishi&s, atlj, 357. Not civil,
not attentive to the accommodation of others.— see Of-
Jlcious.
iNOPINATE, In-op^-nate, adj. 91. Not expected.
INOPPORTUNE, Itirop-por-tine,' adj. Unseusoua-
able, inconvenient.
INORDINACY, ii»-ur-d£-ni-s£, s. 168+ Irregu-
larity, disorder.
INORDINATE, in-oride-nate, adj. 91. Irregular,
disorderly, deviating from right
INORDINATELY, Ju-pr-d<i-uite-l£, ad<\ Irregu-
larly, not
3— oil 299 — pudnd 313 — </<in 466 — THIS 469
I INORLMNAXENKSS, in-$r-d4-n&te..n£s, t. Want of
regularity, intemperance of any kind.
INORDINATION, In-or-de-ni-ohiin, t. Irregularity,
deviation from right.
iNORGANtCAL, !n-or-gani^-k;\l, adj. Void of or-
gans or instrumental parts.
Z'o INOSCULATE, in-os-ki-late, v. n. To unite by
apposition or contact.
INOSCULATION, iii-os-ki-la-shui), s. Union by
conjunction of the extremities.
INQUEST, inikw£st, s. 408. Judicial inquiry or
examination; a jury who are summoned to inquire in-
to any matter, and give in their opinion up.m oath; in-
quiry, search, study.
INQUIETUDE, In-kwi^-tide, *. D.sturbed state,
want of quiet, attack on the quiet.
To INQUINATE, ing-kwe-nate, v. a. To pollute,
to corrupt.
JNQUINATJON, Ing-kv^-naisliau, *. Corruption,
pollution.
INQUIRABLE, li)-kwiiri b\,adj. That of which in-
quisition or inquest may be made.
To INQUIRE, in-kwlre,' v. n. To ask questions, to
make search, to exert curiosity 611 any occasion ; to
make examination.
j£5" Mr. Nares very justlv observes, that in this word
and all its derivatives; "Dr., Johnson has preferred the Latin
etymology inquiro to the French Otmtrtr, contrary to
what he has done with respect to cadre ; and that if we
allow entire, enquire should remain.
To INQUIRE, In-kwlre,' v. a. To ask about, to
seek out, as, he inquired the way.
INQUIRER, In-Jcwi-r&r, s. 98. Searcher, examiner,
one curious and inquisitive; one who interrogates, one
who (jueitions.
INQUIRE, in-kwl^r^, t. Interrogation, search by
question ; examination, search.
INQUISITION, 1" kw^-zlsliiun, *. 410. Judicial
inquiry ; examination, discussion ; in law, a mainu-t ut
proceeding in matters criminal, by the office of the
judge; the court established in some countries for tlie
detection of heiesy.
INQUISITIVE, lii-kwlziji-tlv, adj. Curicus, busy
in search, active to pry into any thing.
INQUISITIVELY, lu-kwLziz£-tIv-l<i, adv. With
curiosity, with narrow scrutiny.
IKQUISITIVENESS, InJ-kwlzize-tIv-n&, i. Curiosi-
ty, diligence to pry into things hidden.
INQUISITOR, in-kwiz-ze-t&r, s. 166. One who
examines judicially; an officer in the courts of inqui-
sition.
To INU^IL, in-rale^ V. a. To enclose with rails.
INROAD, lu-rode, *. Incursion, sudden and desul-
tory invasion.
INSANABLE, in-san-a-bl, adj. Incurable, irreme-
diable.—See Siinable.
INSANE, In-sane,' adj. Mad, making mad.
INSANITY, in-san^ t&, s. The state of being in-
sane, madness,
INSATIABLE, In-sitshe-S-bl, pdj. .Greedy beyond
measure, greedy so as not to be satisfied.
INSATIABLENESS, In-sa-sh^-i-bl-nes, s. Greedi-
ness not to be appeased.
INSATIABLY, ln-sa-slui-a-bl.e, adv. With greedi-
ness not to be appeased,
INSATIATE, Irusa-she ate, adj. 91. 542. Greedy,
to as not to be satisfied.
INSATURABL?, ln-satbb.Ci-ra-bl. adj. 461. Not
to be glutted, not to be filled.
To INSCRIBE, In-skribe/ v. a. To write on any
p
ju
thing; it is generally applied to something written
enc;
patro
a figure within another.
arnonumenc; to mark any thing with writing ; to
sign to a patron without a formal dedication ; to dt
.
INSCRIITIQN, In-skripish6n, *. Something written
or engraved; title; eonsignment of a book to a patrou
without a formal dedication.
INSGRUTABLE, in-skru-ti-bl, adj. Uu«earchat»l«,
not to be traced out by inquiry or study,
2H
INS
278
INS
559- Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit SI — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, plii 107— 116 162, mire 164,
T.I INSCLM.P, In-sk&lp,' i;. a. To engrave, to cut.
INSTULPTUHE, In-skul|>-tsh6re, s. 461. Any
thing engraved.
To INSEAM, In-s4me/ v. a. To impress or mark by
a seam or oicatrix.
INSECT, ln-s£kt, «. Insects are so called from a se-
paration in the middle of their bodies, whereby they
are cut into two parts, which are joined together by a
small ligature, as we see in wasps and common flies ;
any thing small or contemptible.
INSECTATOR, In-s£k-ta-t6r. *. 166. One that
persecutes or harasses with pursuit.
INSECTILE, ln-s£k-tll, adj. 140. Having the na-
ture of insects.
INSECTOLOGER, In s£k-t&HA-j&r, 3. 518. One
who studies or describes insects.
INSECURE, ln-s£-k£m^ adj. Not secure, not con-
fident of safety; not safe.
INSECURITY, In-s^-kfi-ri-ti, «. Uncertainty, want
of reasonable confidence; want of safety, danger, ha-
zard.
INSEMINATION, In-s3m-m£-na-shftn, s. The act
of scattering seed on ground.
INSENSATE, Iu-s£n-sate, adj. 91. Stupid, want-
ing thought, wanting sensibility.
INSENSIBILITY, ln-sdn.s£-blUi-ti, s. inability to
perceive ; stupidity, dulness of mental perception ; tor-
por, dulness of corporeal sense.
INSENSIBLE, in-s£n-s£-bl, adj. 4O5. Imperceptible,
not discoverable by the senses; slowly, gradual; void
of feeling, either mental or corporeal ; void of emotion
or affection.
INSENSIBLENESS, In-s£nis£-bl-n£s, *. Absence of
perception, inability to perceive.
INSENSIBLY, ln-s£nise-bld, adv. Imperceptibly,
in such a manner as is not discovered by the senses; by
slow degrees ; without mental or corporeal sense.
INSENTIENT, In-s3nish£-£nt, adj. Not having
perception.
INSEPARABILITY, ln-s£p-par.a-bll^-t£,
INSEPARABLENESS, ln-s£pipar-a-bl-n£s,
The quality of being such as cannot be severed or di-
vided.
INSEPARABLE, ln-s£p-par-a-bl, adj. Not to be
disjointed, united so as not to be parted.
INSEPARABLY, ln-s£p-par-a-bl£, adv. With in-
dissoluble union.
To INSERT, In-s^rt,' v. a. To place In or among
other things.
INSERTION, In-s^r^sh&n, 5. The act of placing
any thing in or among othermatter ; the thing inserted.
INSERVE, in-s£rv,' v. a. To be of use to an end.
INSERVIENT, In-s3r-v£-£nt, adj. Conducive, of use
to an end.
To INSHELL, ln-sb.£l,' v. a. To hide in a shell.
To INSHIP, In-shlp,' v. d. To shut in a ship, to
stow, to embark.
To INSHRINE, In-shrlne,' v. a. To enclose in a
shrine or precious case.
INSIDE, In^slde, s. Interior part, part within.
INSIDIATOH, in-sld-^-a-t&r, *. 1 66. One who lies
in wait.
INSIDIOUS, In-sldi£-&s, or !n-s!dij£-&s, adj. 293,
294. Sly, circumventive, diligent to entrap, treacher-
ous.
INSIDIOUSLY, In-sld-^-us-Ii, adv. In a sly and
treacherous manner, with malicious artifice.
INSIGHT, In'slte, s. Inspection, deep view, know-
ledge of the interior parts.
INSIGNIFICANCE, ]n-slg-nl£f£-kanse,
INSIGNIFICANCY, In-slg-nlP-fti-kan-s^,
Want of meaning, unmeaning terms ; unimportance.
INSIGNIFICANT, in-sig-nlt-'^-kant, adj. Want-
ing meaning, void of signification ; unimportant, want-
ing weight, ineffectual.
INSIGNIFICANTLY, In-slg-nlfifeS-kant-l^, adv.
•\N ithnut meaning ; without importance or eflect.
INSINCERE, ln-sln-sire,' adj. Not what he appears,
not hearty, dissembling, unfaithful ; not sound, cor
rupted.
INSINCERITY, ln-sln-s£rid-t£, ». Dissimulation,
want of truth or fidelity.
To INSINEW, In-sln-nb, v. a. To strengthen, to
confirm.
INSINUANT, ln-sln-nfi-ant, adj. Having the power
to gain favour.
To INSINUATE, In-sln^nfi ate, v. a. To introduce
any thing gently ; to push gently into favour or re
gard, commonly" with the reciprocal pronoun; to hint,
to impart indirectly ; to instil, to infuse gently.
To INSINUATE, In sln-n6-ate, v. n. To wheedle,
to gain on the affections by gentle degrees; to steal into
imperceptjbly; to be conveyed insensibly; to enfold,
to wreath, to' wind.
INSINUATION, in-sln-tm-a-sh&n, s. The power of
pleasing, or stealing upon the affections.
INSINUATIVE, In-slnin6-a-tiv, adj. stealing on
the affections.
INSINUATOR, In-slninfc-a-t&r, t. 166 521. He
that insinuates.
INSIPID, ln-sipipid, adj. Without taste; without
spirit, without pathos; flat, dull, heavy.
INSIPIDITY, ln-s£-pldi£ t«i, )
I / I, ! > S. Want of taste:
INSIPIDNESS, in-sip-piu-nSs, }
want of life or spirit.
INSIPIDLY, in-s1p-pld-l£, adv. Without taste.dully.
INSIPIENCE, In-slp^-Snse, i. Folly, want of un-
derstanding.
To INSIST, In-slst/ v. n. To stand or reft upon ;
not to recede from terms or assertions, to persist in ; to
dwell upon in discourse.
INSISTENT, In-sls^t£nt, adj. Resting upon any
thing.
INSISTURE, In-sls^tslifire, s. 461. This word seenu
in Shakespeare to signify constancy or regulari y.
INSITIENCY, in-slshi4.£n-si, s. Exemption from
thirst ; applied to a camel, that can travel long over dry
deserts wi-hout drinking.
INSITION, in-slshi&n, s. The insertion or ingraft-
ment of one branch into another. — See Trar.tition.
To INSNARE, in-snare,' v. a. To entrap, to catch
In a trap, gin, or snare; to inveigle; to entangle in
difficulties or perplexities.
INSNARER, In-sna-r&r, s. 98. He that ensnares.
INSOBRIETY, ln-s6-brW-t^, s. Drunkenness, want
of sobriety.
INSOCIABLE, ln-st>ish£-a-bl, adj. 405. Averse
from conversation ; incapable of connexion or union.
To INSOLATE, ln-so-late, v. a. 91. To dry in the
sun, to expose to the action of the sun.
INSOLATION, ln-so-la-shfrn, *. Exposition to the
sun.
INSOLENCE, InisA-linse, ? *• Pride exerted in
INSOLENCY, In^so-l^n-s^, $ contemptuous and
overbearing treatment of others; petulant contempt.
INSOLENT, In-sA-l^nt, adj. Contemptuous of others,
haughty, overbearing.
INSOLENTLY, IiAo l£nt^l£, adv. With contempt
of others, haughtily, rudely.
INSOLVABLE, In-bil-vi-bl, adj. Such as admits
of no solution, or explication ; that cannot be paid —
See Solvable.
INSOLUBLE, In-sol-lii bl, adj. 405. Not to be dis-
solved or separated.
INSOLVENCY, In-S&l'vdn-se, i. Inability to pay
debts.
INSOLVENT, !n-s&l-v5nt, adj. Unable to pay.
INSOMUCH, In-so-mQtsh/ conj. 352. So that, lo
such a degree that.
To INSPECT, in-sp£kt/ v. a. To look into by way
of examination.
INSPECTION, In-sp^kish&n, s. Prying examina-
tion, narrow and close survey ; superintendence, pre-
siding care.
INS
279
INS
nAr 167, nit 16:5 — tube 171, t&b 17'_>, bull 173 — oil 299— p<5find 313— thin 466 — THis -169.
166. A prying ex-
INSPECTOR, in-sp£kitar,
amincr ; a superintendent.
INSPERSION, in-sp^r'shun, *. A sprinkling.
To INSI'HERE, in-stere,' v. a. To place in an orb
or sphere.
INSPIRABLE. in.spl-ra-bl, adj. That may be drawn
in with the breath.
INSPIRATION, ln-sp^-raishun, s. The act of draw-
in? in the breath ; the act of breathing into any thing ;
infusion of ideas into the mind by a superior power.
To INSPIRE, ln-splrv/ v. n. To draw in the breath.
To INSPIRE, In-spirv/ v. a. To breathe into, to in-
fuse into the mind ; to animate by supernatural infu-
sion ; to draw in with the breath.
INSPIRER, in-spi-rur, s. 98. He that inspires.
To INSPIRIT, in-splr-lt, «•. a. To animate, to ac-
tuate, to fill with li.e and vigour. — See Spirit.
To INSPISSATE, in-spis^sate, »>. a. To thicken, to
make thick.
INSPISSATION, in-spis-sa-sli&n, s. The act of mak-
ing any liquid thick.
INSTABILITY,
S. Inconstancy, fick-
IL iiiiica.
j, in^stAnse, 7
.... -, f s. Importunity, urgency,
f, In-stan-se, i
leness, mutability of opinion or conduct
Is'STABLE, ill-sta-bl, adj. 405. Inconstant, chang-
ing.
To INSTALL, in-stall/ v. a. 84. 406. To advance
to any rank or office by placing in the seat or stall pro-
per to that condition.
INSTALLATION, iu-stal-la-shun, s. The act of
giving visible possession of a rank or office, by placing
in the proper seat.
INSTALMENT, in-stll£m£nt, *. The act of instal-
ling ; the seat in which one is installed ; payments made
at ditlerent times.
INSTANCE, InistAnse,
INSTANCY
solicitation; motive, influence, pressing argument;
prosecution or process of a suit ; example, document.
To INSTANCE, in-stanse, v. n. To give or offer an
example.
INSTANT, in-stant, adj. Pressing, urgent ; imme-
diate, without any time intervening, present; quick,
without delay.
INSTANT, in-stan/, s. Instant is such a part of du-
ration wherein we perceive no succession ; the present
or current month.
INSTANTANEOUS, in-stln-ta-n^-tis, adj. Done in
an instant, acting at once without any perceptible suc-
cession.
INSTANTANEOUSLY, in-stun-ta£ne &s-le, adv. In
an indivisible point of time.
INSTANTLY, in-stant-le, adv. Immediately, with-
out any perceptible intervention of time ; with urgent
importunity.
To INSTATE, in-State,' v. a. 91. To place in a
certain rank or condition ; to invest. Obsolete
INSTAURATION, in-staw-ra-shan, s. Restoration,
reparation, renewal.
INSTEAD, in-stei'.,' prep. 234. In room of, in place
of; equal to.
Jrt- A corrupt pronunciation of this word prevails
ehieny in the capital, as if it were written iiistid. This
is not onlv a departure from the true sound of the diph-
thong, which is never pronounced like i short, but it is
losing its relation to Ihe substantive stead and the adjec-
tives .\tettcly, steadfast, &C.
To iNSTEEP, ilWSt^£p/ V. a. To soak, to macerate
in moisture ; to lay under water.
INSTEP, ln-st^p, s. The upper part of the foot
where it joins to the leg.
To INSTIGATE, in-ste-gate, v. a. To urge to ill,
to provoke or incite to a crime.
INSTIGATION, iii-ste-ga-sliftn, i. Incitement to a
crime, encouragement, impulse to ill.
INSTIGATOR, i!i-st<i.ga-tCir, s. 5'J1. Inciter to ill.
In IssTH,, in-stil,' ii. a. To infusety drops; to
insinuate any thing imperceptibly into the mind, to
Infuse.
l.Vfct ILLATION, in-stil la^shCin, s. The act of
pouring in by drops ; the act of infusing*lowly Into the
mind, the thing infused.
INSTINCT, In-stlngkt,' adj. Moved, animated.
INSTINCT, In-stingkt, s. 494. J'he power which
determines the will of brutes ; adi-sircoraversi.nl in
the mind not determined by reason or deliberation.
INSTINCTIVE, in-stlngkitlv, adj. Acting without
the application or choice of reason.
INSTINCTIVELY, In-stlngk-tiv-li, adv. By in-
stinct, by the call of nature.
To INSTITUTE, In^stiJ-tute, v. a. To fix, to es-
tablish, to appoint, to enact, to settle ; to educate, to
instruct, to form by instruction.
INSTITUTE, In'st^-t&te, s. Established law, settled
order; precept, maxim, principle.
INSTITUTION, in-ste-til-slitm, s. Act of establish-
ing; establishment, settlement; positive law ; educa-
tion.
INSTITUTIONARY, ln-st^-tu-shtin ar &, adj. 512.
Elemental, containing the h'rst doctrines or principle*
of doctrine.
INSTITUTOR, Inist^-tu t5r, t. 166 521. An c*.
tabhsher, one who settles; instructer, educator.
INSTITUTIST, In-stti-th-tist, s. Writer of insti-
tutes, or elemental instructions.
To iNSTOP, In-st&p,' v. a. To close up, to stop.
To INSTRUCT, lu-str&kt,' v. a. To teach, to form
by jnecept, to inform authoritatively ; to model, to
form.
INSTRUCTER, In-str&kitfir, s. 98. A teacher, an
institutor.
INSTRUCTION, In-strfikish&n, s. The act of teach-
ing, information ; precepts conveying knowledge; au-
thoritative information, mandate.
INSTRUCTIVE, In-striik-tiv, adj. 157. Conveying
knowledge.
INSTRUMENT, in-str£i-m£iit, *. A tool used far
any work or purpose ; a frame constructed so as to
yield harmonious sounds ; a writing containing anyecn-
tract or order: the agent or mean of any thing ; om- who
aets only to serve the purposes of another.
INSTRUMENTAL, in-str/i-m^n-tal, adj. Cond-
cive as means to some end, organical ; acting to some
end, contributing to gome purpose, helpful; consisting
not of voices but instruments ; produced by insti u-
mcnts, not vocal.
INSTRUMENTALITY, In-stri-mdn-taW t^, s. Sub-
ordinate agency, agency of any tiling, as means to an
end.
INSTRUMENTALLY, Iti-str&-m£nital-£, adv. In the
nature of an instrument, as means to an end.
INSTRUMENTALNESS, in-stri-rn£nCtll-n£s, s.
Usefulness, as means to an end.
INSUFFERABLE, in-saf-I(ir-a.bl, adj. Intolerable,
upport.tbi
contemptible,
intense beyond enduiaiiee; detestable,
,1
INSUFFERABLY, in-saf-f&r-il-ble, adv. To a de-
gree beyond endurance.
INSUFFICIENT, in sCif-fish^nse,
INSUFFICIENCY, in-sQf-1'i
quau-nuss to am end or purpose.
INSUFFICIENT, ln-s&!-t'uh-6nt, adj. Inadequate to
any end, use, or purpose, wanting abilities.
INSUFFICIENTLY, in-siif-fisli-ent-le, adv. With
want ol pioper ability.
INSUFFLATION, in-suf-fla-sl.un, «. The act ol
breathing upon.
INSULAR, in-»liu-lar, 461.
an island.
INSULATED, ln-sliti-la-tdd, adj. Not contiguom
on i.n y side.
INSULSE, in-sulst-,' adj. Dull, insipid, heavy.
INSULT, tu-sult, s. 492. The act of leaping upon
any thing ; act of insolence or contempt.
To INSULT, in-s<,' t'. a. To treat with insolence
or contempt; to trample upon, to triumph over.
INSULTER, in-sCilt-ur, s. 98. One who treati an-
other with insolent triumph.
INT
2SO
INT
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mSve J64,
INSULTINGLY, In-s<iing-l^, adv. With contemp-
tuous triumph.
INSUPERABILITY, ln-sfi-p£r-a-blW-t£, *. The
quality of being invincible.
INSUPERABLE, i»-sii-per-a-bl, adj. Invincible,
insurmountable.
85=- This word is frequently, but very incorrectly, pro-
nounced as if written imhupcrablc. The 3 is never aspi-
rated when the accent is on the succeeding vowel, but in
rare, tvgar, and their compounds. — See Principles, No.
454, 4i5. 462.— See Supcrable.
INSUPERABLENESS, in-siiper-a-bl-n^s, s. in-
vincibleness, impossibility to be surmounted.
INSUPERABLY, In.sii-p&'-^-kltS adv. invincibly,
insurmountably.
INSUPPORTABLE, In-s&p-p6rita-bl, adj. intoler-
able, insufferable, not to be endured.
INSUPPORTABLENESS, in-sup-porita-bl-n5s, j.
Insufferableness, the state of being beyond endurance.
INSUPPORTABLY, in-s&p-p<!>rita-ble, adv. Beyond
endurance.
INSURMOUNTABLE, In-s&r-mounita.bl, adj. 405.
Insuperable, not to be got over.
INSURMOUNTABLY, in-sur-molnita-bld, adv.
Invincibly, unconquerably.
INSURRECTION, in-sftr-r£kish&n, 5. A seditious
rising, a rebellious commotion.
INSUSURRATION, in-su-sur-ra-sh&n, s. The act of
whispering into something.
INTACTIBLE, in-tik-te-bl, adj. 405. Not i>ercep-
tible to the touch.
INTAGLIO, In-taliyA, s. 388. Any thing that has
figures engraved on it.
iNTASTABLE, In-tas-tA-bl, adj. Not raising any
sensation in the organs of taste
INTEGER, In-t<*-j£r, s. 98. The whole of anything.
INTEGRAL, in-te-gral, adj. Whole ; applied to a
thing, considered as comprising all i's constituent parts ;
uninjured, complete, not defective, not fractional, not
broken into fractions.
INTEGRAL, in-t£-grll, s. 503. The whole made
up of parts.
INTEGRANT, Initi-grlnt, adj. Necessary for mak-
ing up an integer.
INTEGRITY, in-t5g-gr£-t£, s. Honesty, uncorrupt-
ness; purity, genuine unadulterate state; intireness.
INTEGUMENT, ln-t£g-gu>m£nt, s. Any thing that
covers or envelops another.
INTELLECT, init£l-lekt, *. The intelligent mind,
the power of understanding.
INTELLECTION, in-t£l-lek-shfin, *. The act of
understanding.
INTELLECTIVE, in-t£l-lel£tiv, 'adj. Having power
to understand.
INTELLECTUAL, ln-t£l-l£k-tslu'i-al, adj. 461.
Relating to the understanding, belonging to the mind,
transacted by the understanding; perceived by the
intellect, not the senses ; having the power of under-
standing.
INTELLECTUAL, ln-tel-l£k£tshfi-al, s. intellect,
understanding, mental powers or faculties.
INTELLIGENCE, in-tel-le j£nse, 7
INTELLIGENCY, in-t£l-](*-j£n-s£, \ *'
of information, notice, mutual communication ; com-
merce of acquaintance, terms on which men liveonewiih
another ; spirit, unbodied mind ; understanding, skill.
INTELLIGENCER, ln-teJ-l«*-j£n-sfir, s. 98. One
who sends or conveys news, one who gives notice of
private or distant transactions.
INTELLIGENT, in-tel-l<* jdnt, adj Knowing, in-
structed, skilful ; giving information.
INTELLIGENTIAL, in-t£l-l£-j£iAhal, adj. Con-
sisting of unbodied mind ; intellectual, exercising uii-
dcrsl.mdaig.
INTELLIGIBILITY, ln-t£l-l£.j£-bil£ti-t£, *. Possi-
bility to be understood.
INTELLIGIBLE, iu-tilU&jA-U, adj. To be con-
ceived by tlit understanding.
Commerce
INTELI.IGIBLENESS, in-t&'l^-j^-bl-ne's, j. Pos.
l sibility to be understood, perspicuity.
INTELLIGIBLY, in-t£l-l£-j£-bl£, adv. So as to be
I understood, clearly, plainly.
INTEMERATE, in-t6m^r-ate, adj. 91. L'ndefiled,
I unpolluted.
INTEMPERAMENT, In-t2m£per-a-ment, s. Bad
! constitution.
INTEMPERANCE, in-t£mip£r.anse, 9 *• Want
INTEMPERANCY, in-t§m-p£r-an-si, $ of tem-
perance, want of moderation, excess in meat or drink.
INTEMPERATE, in-tem-p£r-ate, adj. 91. immo-
derate in appetite, excessive in meat or drink ; passion-
ate, ungovernable, without rule.
INTEMPERATELY, in t£m-per-ate-14, adv. With
breach of the laws of temperance ; immoderately, ex
cessively.
INTEMPERATENESS, in-t£miper-ate-n£s, s. Want
of moderation.
INTEMPERATURE, ln-te.mip£r a-ture, 4. Execs*
of some quality.
To -INTEND, ln-t£nd/ v. a. To mean, to design.
INTENDANT, in-t£n-dant, s. An officer of the
highest class, who oversees any particular allotment of
the publick business.
INTENDMENT, in-t£ndim£nt, s. Intention, de-
sign.
To INTENERATE, ln-t£n-n£r..ate, v. a. 554. To
make tender, to soften.
INTENEHATJON, ln-t£n-u£r a-sh&n, «. The act of
softening or making tender.
INTENIBLE, in-t£n^-bl, adj. 405. That cannot
hold.
Jt5» Dr. Johnson has given this word from Shakespeare,
who formed it as if derived from the Latin ; but as that
language has no nearer relation to it than teneo, it must
be derived from the French tenable, and therefore cannot
nave been compounded of in and tenible, as Dr. Johnson
tells us, because there is no such word. It ought there-
fore to be written Int enable.
INTENSE, In-t&ist/ adj. Raised to a high degree,
strained, forced; vehement, ardent; kept on the
stretch, anxiously attentive.
INTENSELY, ln-t£nse-l£t adv. To a great degree.
INTENSENESS, in t£nst£n£s, s. The state of being
aflected to a high degree, contrariety to laxity or re-
mission.
INTENSION, In-t5n-shun, s. The act of forcing
or straining any thing.
INTENSITY, ln-tdi>£s£-t£, *. Intenseness.
INTENSIVE, in-l£n-slv, adj. 428. Stretched or
increased with respect to itself; intent, full of care
INTENSIVELY, in-t5ll-siv-lti, adv. To a great de-
gree.
INTENT, in-tlnt,' adj. Anxiously diligent, fixed
with close application.
INTENT, ln-t^nt/ j. A design, a purpose, a drift,
meaning.
INTENTION, in t£n-shfin, s. Design, purpose ; the
state of being intense or strained.
INTENTIONAL, in-t£n-shfin-&l, adj. 88. Designed,
done by design.
INTENTIONALLY, in-t3n£sliun-al-£, adv. By de-
sign, with fixed choice; in will, if not in action.
INTENTIVE, In-ten-tiv, adj. 157. Diligently ap-
plied, busily attentive.
INTENTIVELY, In-tSn-tlv-W, adv. With applica-
tion, closely.
INTENTLY, in-t^nt^l^, adv. With close attention,
with close application, with eager desire.
INTENTNESS, ln-t&it-n£s, s. The state of being
intent, anxious application.
To INTER, In-t^r/ v. a. To cover under ground,
to bury.
INTERCALAB>, in-t£r-kA-lar, 7 ..
i *t i ti/t i r c"y- Inserted
INTERCALARY, ln-ter-l»al-a-re, \
out of the cuinmon order, to preserve the equation of
INT
281
INT
nor 167, not 163 — t&be 171, tub 172, bfill 173 — 611 299— po&nd 313 — thin 466 — THIS 4T9t
time, as the twenty-ninth of February in a leap year is
an Intercalary dav-
it^" AH our orthoepists agree in placing the accent on
the second syllable of intercalar and intercalate ; and Mr.
Sheridan, tJr. Ash, Mr. Peiry, Buchanan, Barclay, and
Entick, place it on the same syllable in intercalary ; but
Dr. Kenriek, W. Johnston, and Uailey, on thohird. This
latter pronunciation is certainly more agreeable to the
ear ; and as it is derived from the Latin interca!arii, a
word of the same number of syllables with the penulti-
mate long, it should seem we ought to place the accent
on the same syllable in the English word, 503, but as our
language absolutely forbids us to lay the stress on the a
in this termination, 5)2, 1 see no rea<on why we should
not place it on the preceding syllable, especially as the
termination is not encliiical, 51o, and therefore does not
require the accent on the conjunctive part of the word,
tsee Academy.) The accent on the third syllable, there-
fore, as it clashes with no analogy, and is so much more
agreeable to the ear, ought, in my opinion, to be adopted.
To INTERCALATE. ln-t£r-ka-late, v. a. To in-
sert an extraordinary day.
INTERCALATION, in-t£r-ka-laishun, s. Insertion
of days out of the ordinary reckoning. •
To INTERCEDE, In-t£r-s&d/ v. n. To pass be-
tween ; to mediate, to act between two parties.
INTERCEDER, in tthvse&dor, s. 98. One that in-
tercedes, a mediator.
To INTERCEPT, In-t4r-s3pt,' v. a. To stop and
seize in the way ; to obstruct, to cut off, to stop from
being communicated.
INTERCEPTION, in-t£r-s£p-sh&n, s. Obstruction,
seizure by the way.
INTERCESSION, In-t£r-s£sh-un, *.
Mediation, in-
terposition, agency between two parties, agency in the
cause of another.
INTFRCESSOUR, In-tlr-s^s^sur, s. Mediator, agent
between two parties to procure reconciliation. — See
Honour.
To INTERCHAIN, in-t£r-tsb.ane/ v. a. To chain,
to link together.
To INTERCHANGE, In-t£r-tsbanjc>/ 0.0. To put each
In the place of the other ; to succeed alternately.
INTERCHANGE, In-t£r-tshanje, s. 493. Commerce,
permutation of commodities ; alternate succession ; mu-
tual donation and reception.
INTERCHANGEABLE, m-t£r-tshan-ja-bl, adj. 405.
Capable of being interchanged ; given and taken mu-
tually ; following each other in iilternate succession.
INTERCHANGEABLY, in-ter-tshan-ja-bl^, adv.
Alternately, in a manner whereby each gives and re-
ceives.
INTERCHANGEMENT, In-t3r-tshanjeim£nt, *.
Exchange, mutual transference.
INTERCIPIENT ,In-t£r-slpi£-£nt, s. An intercept-
ing power, something that causes a stoppage.
INTERCISION, In-t£r-slzh-&n, s. Interruption.
To INTERCLUDE, In-t£r-klude/ t>. n. To shut
from a place or course by something intervening.
INTERCLUSION, ln-t£r-klu-zh<ln, s. Obstruction,
interception.
INTERCOLUMNIATION, In-t£r-ko-lum-n£-a-sh&n,
s. The space between the pillars.
To INTERCOMMON, in-t£r-k6m-mfin, v. n. To
feed at the same table.
INTERCOMMUNITY, In-t£r-k5m-ni6-n£-t£, 5. A
mutual communication or community.
INTERCOSTAL, In tiJr-ko^tal, adj. Placed be-
tween the ri: s.
INTERCOURSE, Init£r-k6rse, s. Commerce, ex-
change ; communication.
INTERCURRENCE, In-t^r-kur-rense, t. Passage
between.
INTERCURRENT, In-t£r-kur-r£nt, adj. Running
between.
INTERDEAL, In-t£r-dele/ s. Traffick, intercourse.
To INTERDICT, in-t^r-dlkt,' v. a. To forbid, to pro-
hibit; to prohibit from the enjoyment of communion
vith the church.
hibiting decree ; a papal prohibition to the clergy to ce-
lebrate the holy offices.
INTERDICTION, In-t£r-dik-sbun, ». Prohibition,
forbidding decree; curse, from the papal interdict.
INTERDICTORY, In t£r-dik-tur-£, adj. 512. Be-
longing to an interdiction. — For the o, see Domestick.
To INTERKST, Init£r-£st, v. a. To concern, to a/-
feet, to give share in.
INTEREST, In-t£r-£st, s. Concern, advantage, good ;
influence over others ; share, part in any thing, partici-
pation ; regard to private profit ; money paid for use,
usury ; any surplus of advantage.
To INTERFERE, In-t£r-f\hv/ v. a. To interpose, t»
intermeddle; to clash, to oppose each other.
INTERFERENCE, In-t£r-fe-r£nse, s. An interpos-
ing, an intermeddling.
Jfy There is a perfectly new pronunciation of this
word, by placing the accent on the second syllable, which,
from its singularity, bids fair for a reception among the
minor critics in pronunciation, especially when there are,
at first sight, a few plausible analogies in its favour. Why,
these critics will say, should we not pronounce this word
with the accent on the antepenultimate syllable, as well
as conference, deference, preference, inference, and ct"-
cumference, which it is evident are not formed from our
verbs to confer, def<r, &c. but from the Latin conferens,
deferent, kc. ? It may be answered, that as there is' no La-
tin verb inter Jet o, there is not the same reason for ac-
centing this word on the antepenultimate syllable, as
there is for the other words ; and therefore forming inter-
ference from our own verb to interfere, seems preferable
to the forming of a mongrel Latin word, merely to avoid
a formative of our own; especially when we have so many
words In a similar termination deriving their accent from
the verb; as, defiance, from defy; reliance, from rely t
assurance, from assure, &c. and even in this termination
comlolence, from condole; and why not interference from
interfere V Entick's is the only Dictionary in which 1 have
found this very common and useful word ; but as Di.
Johnson has not got it, this omission in other Dictiona-
ries is easily accounted for.
INTERFLUENT, In-t£r-fl6-£nt, adj. 518. Flowing
between.
INTERFULGENT, ln-t§r-ful£j£nt, adj. Shining be-
tween.
INTERFUSED, In-t£r-f<hzd/ adj. 359. Poured or
scattered between.
INTERJACENCY, In-t3r-jais5n-s£, s. The act or
state of lying between ; the thing lying between.
INTERJACENT, lo-t£r-ja£s£nt, adj. Intervening,
lying between.
INTERJECTION, In-t£r-j£k-sh5n, s. A part of
speech that discovers .the mind to be seized or affected
with some passion, such as are in English, Oh ! alas I
ah ! intervention, interposition ; act of something com-
ing between.
INTERIM, In-t5r-lm, s. 554. Mean time, interven-
ing time.
To INTERJOIN, In-t£r join/ v. n. To join mutu-
ally, to intermarry.
INTERIOUR, In-te-r^-ur, adj. Internal, inner, not
outward, not superficial.
INTERKNOWLEDGE, ln-t£r-nol-l£dje, *. Mutual
knowledge.
To INTERLACE, In-t£r-lase/ v. a. To intermix,
to put one thing within another.
INTERLAPSE, ln-t£r-lapse,' *. The flow of time be-
tween any two events.
To INTERLARD, in-t£r lard/ v. a. To mix meat
with bacon or tat ; to interpose, to insert between ; to
diversify by mixture.
To INTERLEAVE, in-t£r-l<*ve/ v. a. To chequer a
book by the insertion of blank leaves.
To INTERLINE, In-t£r-line/ v. a. To write in al-
ternate lines ; to correct by something written between
the lines.
INTERLINEATION, In-t£r-l!n-£ a-shan, *. Cor-
rection made by writing between the lines.
To INTERLINK, in-ter-lingk/ v. a. To connect
chains one to another, to join one in another.
INTERLOCUTION, in-t£r-l6-kiishun, s.
2/7 1TI I AI\ i JjlXH_«-*J 1 IWi^l, HI- n-» -»v-«»*»-o«. u»l, 0. ^rldluguv
INTERDICT, In-tiJr-dlkt, J. 493. Prohibition, pro- 1 interchange of speech ; preparatory proceeding ,a la*
INT
282
INT
559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83. fat 81 — ni<* 93,m&95 — pine lO5,pln 1O7 — no 162, inovt- 164,
INTERLOCUTOR, ln-t£r-lik-kfa-t&r, *. 518. Dia-
lopist, one that talks with another.
JJ^- So great is the tendency of our language to the en-
Ofitical accent, that this word, though perfectly Latin, and
having the prnultin ate n long, has not been able to pre-
set vc the accent on that syllable. Mr. Nares is the only
orthoepist who places the accent on the u ; Mr. Sheridan,
Dr. Johnson, L)r. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, Mr. Per-
ry, Mr. Barclay, and Entick, accent the antepenultimate
syllable. I prefer Mr. Nares's accentuation. — See Prolo-
cutor.
INTERLOCUTORY, ln-t£r-l&kM<i-t&r-£, adj. 512.
Consisting of dialogue; preparatory to decision.— For
the last o, see Domestick.
To INTERLOPE, ln-t£r-16pe,' r. n. To run be-
tween parties, and intercept the advantage that one
should gain from the other.
INTERLOPER, ln-t£r-16-p&r, s. 98. One who runs
into business to which he has no right.
INTERLUCENT, In-t^r-lfj^sJnt, adj. Shining be-
tween.
INTERLUDE, lnit£r-16de, s. Something played at
the intervals of festivity, a farce.
INTERLUENCY, in-tlr-lWn-s£, *. Water interpo-
sited, interposition of a flood.
INTERLUNAR, ln-t£r-16-nar, 7 ailj- Belonging
INTERI.UNARY, ln-t£r-14i-nar-£, S to the time
when the moon, about to change, is invisible.
INTERMARRIAGE, In-i^r-marMdje, ». 90. 274.
Marriage between two families where each takes one
and gives another.
To INTERMARRY, ln-t£r-mirinJ, i>. n. To marry
some of each family with the other.
To INTERMEDDLE, in-t£r-m£tl^dl, v. n. To in-
terpose officiously.
INTERMEDDLER, In-t5r-m£di<!l-&r, s. One that
interposes officiously.
JNTERMEDlACY, ln-t£r-m&d£-a-s^, orln-t£r-ir£-
j£-a-s£, s. 294. Interposition, intervention
INTERMEDIAL, ln-t£r-m&d«*-al, or
j£-al, ail). 294. Intervening, lying between, in-
tervenient.
INTERMEDIATE, In-t5r-m£id£ ate, adj. Inter-
vening, interposed. — See Immediate.
I NTERMEDIATELY, ln-t£r- m££d£- ate- le, adv. 376.
By way of intervention. — See Immediate.
INTERMENT, ln-t£r-m£nt, s. Burial, sepulture.
INTERMIGRATION, In-t&r-m^-gra-sh&n, s. Act
of removing trom one place to another, so as that of
two parties removing, each takes the place of the other.
INTERMINABLE, ln-t£riin£-na-bl, adj. Immense,
admitting no boundary.
INTERMIX ATE, in-ter-mi-nate, adj. 91. Un-
bounded, unlimited.
^TERMINATION, ln-tlr-m<*-naish&n, «. Menace,
threat.
To INTERMINGLE, In t£r-mlng-gl, v. a. To
mingle, to mix some things among others.
To INTERMINGLE, ln-ter-mlng-gl, ». *. To be
mixed or incorporated.
INTERMISSION, in-ter-mlshi&n, *. Cessation for
» time, pause, intermediate stop; intervenient time;
state of being intermitted ; the space between the pa-
roxysms of a fever.
INTERMISSIVE, ln-t£r-mls^slv, atlj. 158. Com-
ing by fits, not continual.
To INTERMIT, ln-t£r-rmt,' ». a. To forbear any
thfng for a time, to interrupt.
Ti> INTERMIT, In-t^r-mlt/ r. n. To grow mild be-
tween the fits or paroxysms;
INTERMITTENT, in-t^r-mit-t^nt, adj. Coming by
fit*.
To INTERMIX, ln-t£r-mlfcs/ r. a. To mingle, to
join, to put some things among others.
To INTERMIX, In-ter-miks,' v. ». To be mingled
together.
INTERMIXTURE, In-t^r-miks^tsliurp, «. 46 1 -
formed by mingling bodies ; somcihing addilional min-
gled iu a mass.
INTF.UMUNDANE, In t^r-m&nMaiu', ad).
ing between worlds, or between orb ami urb.
INTEHMURAL, in-t^r-mfi-ral, adj. Lying between
walls.
INTERMUTUAL, in-tfr-mfiitshu-al, adj. Mutual,
interchanged.
INTERN, in-t£rn,' adj. Inward, intestine, not fo-
reign.
INTERNAL, In-tJr-nal, atlj. Inward, not external ;
intrinsick, not de|>ending on external accidents, real.
INTERNALLY, In-t&Knal-e, adv. Inward:y ; nun-
tally, intellectually.
INTERNECINE, in-t^r-n^slne, adj. 149. Endea-
vouring mutual destruction.
INTERNECION, ln-t£r-n£-sh&n, i. Massacre, ilaugh
ter.
INTERNUNCIO, In-tir-n&n-shi-A, s. Messenger oe-
tween two parties.
INTERPELLATION, ln-t£r-p£l-laish&n, 5. A sum-
mons, a call upon.
To INTERPOLATE, ln-t£ripA-late, v. a. 91. Tc
foist any thing into a place to which it does not be-
long; to renew, to begin again.
INTERPOLATION, ln-t4r-pA-lai«hiii, *. Something
added or put into the original matter.
INTERPOLATOR, In-tir-p^-la-tir, 4. 521. One
that foists in counterfeit passages.
INTERPOSAL, In-t£r-pO^zal, s. Interposition, a-
gency between two persons ; intervention.
To INTERPOSE, In-t&r-pAze,' v. a. To thrust in
as an obstruction, interruption, or inconvenience ; to
offer as a succour or relief; to place between, to make
intcrvenient.
To INTERPOSE, In-t^r-pdze,' ». n. To mediate, to
act between two parties; to put in by way of interrup-
tion.
INTERPOSER, In-t^r-po^z&r, s. 98. One that comes
between others ; an intervenient agent, a mediator.
INTERPOSITION, In-t^r-pO-zlsh-ftn, $. Interve-
nient agency; mediation, agency between parties ; in-
tervention, state of being placed between two ; any
thing interposed.
To INTERPRET, ln-t£ripr£t, ». a. To explain, to
translate, to decipher, to_give a solution.
INTERPRETABLE, in-tfir-pni-ta-bl, adj. Capable
of being expounded.
INTERPRETATION, in-t£r-pr£ taishfin, *. The act
of interpreting, explanation; the sense given by any
interpreter, exposition.
INTERPRETATIVE, In-t§ripr6-ta-tlv, adj. 512.
Collected by interpretation.
INTEKFRETATIVELY, !n-tlr'pr£-ta-tlv-l£, adv.
512. As may be collected by interpretation.
INTERPRETER, in-t£r-pr£-t&r, s. An exporter,
an expounder ; a translator.
INTEUPUNCTION, in-t^r-pfingk^sh&n, *. Point-
ing between words or sentences.
INTERREGNUM, in-t£r-r£g-n&m, 5. The time in
which a throne is vacant between the death of one
prince and the accession of another.
INTEKREIGN, ln-t£r-rane£ *. Vacancy of the tbrono.
To INTERROGATE, In-t^r-rA-gatc, v. a. To exa-
mine, to question.
To INTERROGATE, in-t£r-ri-gate, v. n. To a»k,
to put questions.
INTERROGATION, ln-t£r-ri-pa-sl;un, *. A ques-
tion put, an inquiry; a note that marks a qutstion,
thus (?).
INTERROGATIVE, In-t5r-r5g-ga-tiv, adj. Denoting
a question, expressed in a questionary form of word*.
INTERROGATIVE, lii-tfr-r&^ga-tiv, s. 512. A
pronoun used in asking questions, as, who ? what?
INTERROGATIVELY, in ter-r6g'iia-tlv-te, adv. in
form of a question.
INTERROGATOR, in-t^riro-ga-tur,s. 521. Anasker
of questions.
INTERROGATORY, In-t^r-ri-iga tor-€, * 512.
A question, an inquiry.— Foi the last o,
INT
233
INT
n3r 167, nit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THis 469,
INTERROGATORY, in-t3r-rog-gA-tur-£, adj. 557.
Containing a question, expressing a question.
To INTERRUPT, ln-t£r-rupt,' t». a. To hinder the
process of any thing by breaking in upon it ; to hinder
one from proceeding, by interposition; to divide, to se-
parate.
INTERRUPTEDLY, in-t£r-rup't£d-l£, adv. Not in
continuity ; not without stoppages.
INTERRUPTER, ln-t£r-rupt-ur, s. 93. He who in-
terrupts.
INTERRUPTION, ln-t£r-rfip£shun, s. interposi-
tion, breach of continuity ; hinderaiice, stop, obstruc-
tion.
INTERSCAPULAR, ln.t£r-skap-pu-lar, adj. Placed
between the shoulders.
To INTERSCIND, in-t5r-slnd,' v. a. To cut off by
interruption.
To INTERSCRIBE, In-tSr-skrlbtf v. a. To write
between.
INTERSECANT, In-tSr-sd-kint, adj. Dividing any
thing into parts.
To INTERSECT, In-t£r-s3kt/ v. a. To cut, to di-
vide each other mutually.
To INTERSECT, in-tdr-s£kt/ v. n. To meet and
cross each other.
INTERSECTION, In-t3r-s£kis>hun, «. The point
where lines cross each other.
To INTERSERT, In-t3r-s£rt,' v. a. To put in be-
tween other things.
INTERSERTIOK, In-t3r-s2rishun, s. An insertion,
or thing inserted between any thing.
To INTERSPERSE, in-t£r-sp3rsi',' v. a. To scatter
here and there among other things.
INTERSPERSION, in-t£r-sp£r-shun, *. The act of
scattering here and there.
INTERSTELLAR, in-t3r-st£l-lar, adj. intervening
between the stars.
INTERSTICE, init&r-stls, or In-t5r-stls, s. Space
between one thing and another.
Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, Buchanan, W.
Johnston, Mr. I'erry, and Mr. Barclay, place the accent
on the second syllable of this word ; and Dr. Johnson,
Dr. Ash, Mr. Scott, Bailey, and Entick, on the first. I do
not hesitate a moment to pronounce this the better ac-
centuation ; for as this word must be derived from the
noun interslitiwa, and not from the verb intersto, the
rule so often mentioned of changing the secondary accent
of the Latin word, when shortened into the principal ac-
cent of the English word, must take place here. — See
Academy and Incomparable.
It is not easy to conjecture what could be the reason
that this majority of orthoepists should be found on the
tide of the penultimate pronunciation of this word. It is
certain that the greater part do but copy from former
Dictionaries ; but when an uncouth and uncommon pro-
nunciation is adopted, it is generally for some learned
reason from the dead languages, which the common in-
spector is utterly incapable of conceiving. In the present
instance, however, there is not the shadow of a reason,
from the original Latin, that we should place the accent
on the second syllable of interstice, which would not o-
blige us to lay the stress on the same syllable of interfere,
intervene, Intercourse, interval, supcrflux, &c.
INTERSTITIAL, In-tSr-stlsh-al, adj. Containing
interstices.
INTERTEXTURE, In-t5r-t£ks£tshure, s. Diversifica-
tion of things mingled or woven one among another.
To INTERTWINE, m-t£r-twlne/ 7
To INTERTWIST, In-tir-twlst,' f * * To umte
by twisting one in another.
INTERVAL, In-tSr-val, s. Space between places, in-
terstice; time passing between two ass guable points,
remission of delirium or distemper.
jf^- Dr. Kenrick, of all ourorthoepists, is the only one
who accents this word on the second syllable.
To INTERVENE, ln-t£r-v^ne,' v. n. To come be-
tween things or persons.
iNTERVENiENTi- In-t^r-v^-nti-lnt, adj. Inters
dent, passing between.
INTERVENTION, in-t£r-v£n^hun, s. Agency be-
tween persons ; agency between antecedents and conse-
eutives; interposition] the state of being interposed.
To INTERVERT, In-t3r-v£rt,' v. a. To turn to an-
other course.
INTERVIEW, in-t^r-vu, *. Mutual tight, »ight of
each other.
To INTERVOLVE, In-t£r-v&lv,' v. a. To involve
one within another.
To INTERWEAVE, ln-t£r-w£ve,' v. a. jireter. In-
terwove ; par t. past. Interwoven, Interwove, or Intet-
weaved. To mix one with another in a regular tex-
ture, to intermingle.
INTESTABLE, in-t£s-ta-bl, adj. Disqualified to
make a will.
INTESTATE, In-t5s-tate, adj. 91. Wanting a will,
dying without a will.
INTESTINAL, ln-t£s^t£-nal, adj. 88. Belonging to
the guts.
J£5» This word is sometimes pronounced with the ac-
cent on the third syllable with the t long, because the i in
the Latin intestinum is long ; but Dr. Johnson makes it
more properly a formative of our own from intettines and
even if we were to allow this adjective to be derived im-
mediately from the Latin substantive of the same number
of syllables, we may see in Principles, No. 503, h, how
many exceptions there are to this rule, and how probable
it is that this word is one.
INTESTINE, in-t^s^tln, adj. 140. Internal, inward ;
contained in the body; domestick, not foreign.
INTESTINES, In-t^tlnz, s. The guts, *he bowels.'
To INTHRAL, In-</jrawl/ ». a. 406. To enslave,
to shackle, to reduce to servitude.
INTHRALMENT, liWArawl-m£nt, s. Servitude,
slavery.
To INTHRONE, In-//jrone,' v. a. To raise to royal-
ty, to seat on a throne.
INTIMACY, ln-t£-ma-s£, s. Close familiarity.
INTIMATE, in-t^-mat, adj, 91. Inmost, inward,
intestine; familiar, closely acquainted.
INTIMATE, in-t^-mat, s. A familiar friend, one
w ho is trusted with our thoughts.
To INTIMATE, inornate, v. a. 91. To hint, to
point out indirectly, or not very plainly.
INTIMATELY, in-li-mate ]£, adv. Closely, with
intermixture of parts ; familiarly, with close friendship.
INTIMATION, Iti-t(*-mais!iun, s. Hint, obscure or
indirect declaration or direction.
To INTIMIDATE, ln-tlm-e-ctate, v. a. To make
fearful, to dastardize, to make cowardly.
INTIRE, ln-tlre/ s. Whole, undiminished, unbroken.
INTIRENESS, ln-tlre£n£s, s. Wholeness, integrity.
INTO, ln-to, prep. Noting entrance with regard to
place ; noting penetration beyond the outside ; noting a
new state to which any thing is brought by the agency
of a cause.
INTOLERABLE, in-tolM£r-a-bl, adj. Insufferable,
not to be endured ; bad beyond sufferance.
INTOLERABLENESS, in-tol-l^r a-bl-n&s, s. 554,
555. Quality of a thing not to be endured.
INTOLERABLY, In-t61-l£r-l-bl<i, ado. To a degree
beyond endurance.
INTOLERANT, In-til-ldr-ant, adj. Not enduring,
not able to endure.
INTOLERANCE, in-toWr. 4nse, s. Want of toleration.
To INTOMB, ln-tddm/ v. a. 347. To enclose in a
funeral monument, to bury.
INTONATION, in-to-na-shun, s. Manner of sound-
ing.
To INTONE, in-tone,' v. n. To make a slow pro-
tracted noise.
To INTORT, in-tort/ »>. a. To twist, to wreath, to
wring.
To INTOXICATE, in-toks^kate, v. a. To ine-
briate, to make drunk.
INTOXICATION, lii-toks-i-ka-s':&n, s. Inebriation,
the act of makiiig drunk, the state of lx;ing drunk.
INTRACTABLE, in-trAkUa-bl, adj. Ungovernable,
stubborn, ob>iinate, unmanageable, furious.
INTRACTABLENESS, in-tr;\kitA-bl-u£s, *. Ob.tip
| nacy, per. erscm**.
284
&J- 559- Fafe 73, far 77, fSll 83, f3t 81— tre 53, rr£t 95— pine 105, pin 1O7— nA 162, move \64r
INTRACTABLY, In-trak-ta-ble, adv. Unmanagea-
bly, stubbornly.
I.VTRANQUILLrTY, ln-trin IwlM-ti, *. Unquiet-
ness, want of rest.
INTRANSMUTABHJ, lH-tr3ns-rmiita-b], adj. 405;
Unchangeable to anv other substance.
To INTREASURE, rn-tr^zh-ire, v. a. To hy up
as in a treasury.
To INTRENCH, In-trlnsh,' v. rV. To invade; to
encroach, to cut off part of what belongs to another; to
break with hollows ; to fortify with a trench.
INTRENCHANT, in-tr£nsh-ant, ndj. Sot to be di-
vided, not to be wnundtd, indivisible.
INTRENCHMENT, in-tr£nsh-m£nt,' s. Fortification
with a trench.
I NTRF.nD, kl-tr£p-ld, adj. Fearless, daring, boM,
brave.
INTREPIDITY, In-trd-pid^e-te, *. Fearlessness,
courage, boldness.
INTREFIBLY, in-tr£p-td-l£, adv. Fearh-ssly, bold-
ly, daringly.
INTRICACY, Initri-ka-s£, * State of being en-
tangled, perplexity, involution.
INTRICATE, faitr^-katte, adj. 91. Entangled, per-
plexed, involved, complicated, obscure.
To INTRICATE, initr£-kate, v. a. 9U To perplex,
to darken. Not in use.
INTRICATELY, in-tr£-kate-l£, adv. tftth involu-
tion of one in another, with perplexity.
INTRICATENESS, fn-tr£-kat'e-i)£s, s. Perplex-ity,
involution, obscurity.
INTRJSUE, ln-tn*£g< .«. 1 12. 337. A plot, a pri-
vate transaction in which many parties. are engaged ; a
love plot ; intricacy, complication ;' the complication
or perplexity ef a fable or poem.
To INTRKUE, In-trieg,' t. ri. 560. To form pints,
to carry on private designs; to carry on an affair of
love.
INTRIGUER, In-trWg'&r, *. 9S. One who busies
himself in private transactions, one who forms plots,
one who pursues women.
INTRIGUINGLY, In-trWg^ing-le, adv. With in-
trigue, with secret plotting.
INTRINSECAL, In-trlnise-kSl, adj. Internal, solid,
natural, not accidental.
Ifjr- This word, derived from the La1 in tnlrifatcvs, Dr.
Johnson tells us, is now, contrary to etymology, generally
written tnlrintical.
lNTRINSECALLY,Vl-trlnis4-kal-e, adv. IntemaHy,
naturally, really; within, at the inside.
INTRINSECATE, in-tr!n£s£-kati', adj. Perplexed,
obsolete.
INTRINSICK, ln-trlnisfk, adj. inward, infernal,
real, true; not depending OB accident, fixed in the na-
ture of the thing.
To INTRODUCE, In-trA-d&se/ p. a. 376. Te con-
duct or usher into a place, or to a person ; to bring
something into notice or practice ; to produce, to give
occasion ; to bring into writing or discourse by proper
preparatives.
INTRODUCER, ln-tri-dfiisir, s. One who conducts
another to a place or person ; one who brings any thing
into practice or notice.
INTRODUCTION, In-tri-d&k'shln, 3. The act of
conducting or ushering to any place or person ; the act
of bringing any new thing into notice or practice ; the
preface, or part of a book eontafning previous matter.
INTUODUCTIVE, ln-tr&-d&kitW, adj. Serving as
the means to introduce something else.
INTRODUCTORY, In-tri-dak-tfrr-e, adj. 512. Pre-
vious, serving as a means to something farther.
INTROGRESSION, in-tri-gr^sh^in, s. Entrance,
the act of entering.
INTROMISSION, in-tro-mish-fih, *, The act of
sending in.
7'n INTROMIT, In-tri-mlt/ v. a. To send in, to
let in, to admit, to allow to enter.
To INTROSPECT, In-tr6 sp£kt/ v. ti. To take a
view of the inside.
INTROSPECTION, In-trA-sp^k^sbJm, *. A view of
the inside.
IXTROVENIENT, In-trA-v^ni-^nt, adj. Entering,
. coming in.
To INTROVERT, in-tro v?rt,' v. il. To turn in-
wards.
fcj- '1 his word is not in any Dictionary f have seen,
butfrom its real utility ought to be in all of them. 11 i*
peculiarly ^expressive of that act of the mind which turns
our thoughts upon ourselves; and is so happfly exempli-
fied by Hannah More, in her Stiittnrei on Female K-
dueatirm, as at once to show the beautv of the thought
and the propriety of the expression. Speaking of that
exquisite sensibility which some females plead as a rt-a-
son for shunning that distress, in the removing of which
it sfionld fie exerted, she says, " That exquisite sense of
feeling which God implanted in the heart as a stimulus to
quicken us fn relieving, the miseries of others, w thus irt~
troreried, and learns to consider self as not the agent,
but the object of compassion, Tendereess is made an
excuse for being hard-hearted^ and instead of drying the
weeping eyes of others, this false delicacy reserves its own
selfish tears for the mo?e elegant and less expensive sor-
rows of the melting novel, or the pathetic tragedv." — VoL
II. p. li'S.
To INTRUDE, fn-tr33d,' *. *. 176. To.come in
unwelcome by a kind of violence, to ei ter without in-
vitation or perfnission ; to eneroaeh, to force in uncalled
or tmpermitted.
To INTRUDE, In-tr68d,' r. a. 339. To force with-
out right or welcome.
INTRUDER, in-tr5oid&r, 3. 98. One who force*
himself into company or affairs without right.
rNTKUSIOJT, ln-tr§dizh.&n, 9. The act of thrusting
or forcing an? thing or person into any place or state;
encroachment upon any person or place; voluntary
and uncalled undertaking of any thing.
INTRUSIVE, in-tr&«islv, adj. imfuding, coming
into company without invitatron.
£y" This word has n6t found Its way into any ef our
Dictionaries, except.Scott's and fintick's ; but for its legi-
timacy and utility, the publiek car will Be a sufficieist
warrant, without any authority to exemplify it.
To INTRUST, In-trftst,' r. a. To treat with confi-
dence, to charge with anv secret.
INTUITION, in-ti-Ish'&n, ». Sight of any thing
immediate knowledge ; knowledge not obtained by d»
dnution of reason.
INTUITIVE, In-tfeie-tlT, adj-. Seen by the mind im-
meifiatdly; seeing, n6t barely bt'licving; having th«
power of discovering truth immediately without ratio-
cination.
INTUITIVELY, ln-tfiie-tlv-1^, adv. Without d»-
duetion of reason, by immediate perception.
INTUMESCENCE, In-t£i-tn£s^s4nse,
INTUSIESGENCY, In
Swell, tumour.
INTURGESCENCE, In-t&r-jWsinse, >. 510. Swel-
ling, the act or state of swelling.
To INTWINE, ln-twine^ t*. d. To fwist or wreath
together ; to encompass by circling round it.
To INVADE, fo-vadt/ ». a. To atUrk a country
to make an hostile entrance; to assail, to assault.
INVADER. In-v^id&r, s. 98. One wfio enter's witk
hostility into the possessions of another ; an assailant/.
INVALID, in-val-Id, adj. \Veak, of no weight 01
efficacy.
INVALID, In-va-le^d,' s. 112. One disabled bj
sickness or hurts.
To INVALIDATE, 1n-vJW-date, t>. a. To weak-
en, to deprive of force or efficacy.
INVALIDITY, In-vi-lM^e-li, s. Weakness, want el
efficacy.
INVALUABLE, in-YAl-ft-a bl, adj. Precious above
estimation, inestimable.
INVARIABLE, ln-va-r£-3-bl, adj. Unchangeable,
constant.
INVARIABLENESS, !n--a-re a bl-nts, s. immuta-
bility, constancy.
INVARIABLY, ln-vaW-a-bl£, adv. Unchangeably,
constantly.
INVASION, In-va-zhin, j. Hostile entrauce upua
•uiaie perception.
£s^s4nse, )
INV 285 1NV
nor 1S7, nit 163— t^be 171, tub 172, b&ll 173 — oil 299— piiftnd 313 — </*in 466— THi* 469.
.U-.;_K ^__t another, hostile encroach- To INVESTIGATE, In-vfeiti-gate, V. a. 91. To
INVASIVE, In-vaisly, adj. 158. 428. Entering
hostilely upon other men's possessions.
INVECTIVE, in- v£k-tlv, j. 14O. A severe censure
in speech or wrliinz.
INVECTIVE, In-v^kiflv, adj. Satirical, abusive.
INVECTIVELY, in-v3k-tlv-l<i, adv. Satirically, a-
busively.
To INVEIGH, In-va,' v. n. 249". 390. To utter
censure or reproach.
INVEIGHER, "in-va-6r, s Vehement railer.
To INVEIGLE, In-v&gl, v. a. 250. To persuade
established ; obstinate by long continuance.
To INVETERATE, In-v3t-t£r.ate, v. a. To harden
or make obstinate by long continuance.
INVETERATENESS, Ih-ylt^r-ate-nfe, s. Long eon.
tinuance ot any thing bad ; obstinacy confirmed by lime.
INVETERATION, in-v£t-t£r-aisli&n, s. The act o/
to something bad or hurtful, to wheedle, to allure.
INVEIGI.ER, in-v&gl-ur, *. 98. Seducer, deceiver,
allurer to ill.
INUENDO, in-a-^n^A, i. A distant notice i a hint.
To INVENT, In-v2nt/ v. a. To discover, to find
out ; to forge, to contrive falsely ; to feign ; to produce
something new in writing, or in mechanicks.
INVENTER, In-vSnt-ur, }. One who produces some-
thing new, a deviser of something not known before ;
a teller of fictions.
INVENTION, In-vln-sh&n, s. Fiction, discovery,
act of producing something new ; forgery ; the thing
invented.
INVENTIVE, ln-v§n-tlv, adj. Quick at 'contrivance,
ready at expedients.
INVENTOR, in-v£nt-ur, *. 166.
A finder out of
something new ; a contriver, a framer.
INVENTORIALLY, ln-v£n-t6-ni-al-4, adv. In
manner of an inventory.
INVENTORY, in-v£n-tnr-£, 3. 512. Ah account or
catalogue of moveables.— For the o, see Domettick.
Jfy- Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ash, Mr: Nar'es; Mr. Scott, W.
Joimston, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, Kntiek, and Bailey, pro-
nounce this word with the accent on the first syllable ; and
Dr. Johnson, Dr. Kenriok, and Mr. Barclay", on the se-
cond. Dr. Kenrick indeed tells us, that the accent is
sometimes placed on the first ; which is indeed very ap-
parent from the number of writers I have produced for
that accentuation. But the propriety of this pronuncia-
tion is not better supported by authority than by analogy.
For if we had an English word from which a word of .this
kind might be formed, as declaratory, defamatory, ftc.
the accent will generally be found to be on the same syl-
lable as in declare, defame, &c. but if we have no such
corresponding English word, and the word of this termi-
nation comes from the Latin, as promontory, desultory,
tic. the word then takes the secondary accent we give the
Latin words promontArium, dJsuttoriui , &c. Now though
our English verb to invent comes from the same parent
invenio as inventory, it is in so different a sense as to have
no claim to the parentage. As therefore inventarium is
toe latter Latin word trom which this word is derived,
and as this has the secondary accent on the first syllable
in our pronunciation of Latin, so inventory must have
the principal accent on the same syllable in Knglish See
Academy, Incomparable, &.C.— Dr. Johnson, indeed, fur-
nishes us with an authority from Shakespeare against
. himself: —
•• i found
" Forsooth an inventory thus Importing
" The several parcels ol his plate."
INVENTRESS, ln-v§nitr£s, *. A female that invents.
INVERSE, ln-v£rse,' adj. 43 1. inverted, reciprocal,
opposed to Direct.
INVERSION, in-v3rish&n, j.
Change of order or
time, so as that the last is first, and first last ; change of
place, so as that each takes the room of the other.
To INVERT, lu-vSrt,' v. a: 556. To turn upside
down, to place in contrary method or order to that
which was before ; to place the last first.
INVERTEDLY, In-vt5r-t£d-lt*, adv. In contrary or
reversed order.
To INVEST, in-v&st/ v. a. To dress, to clothe, to
array ; to place in possession of a rank or office ; to a-
dorn, to grace; lo confer, to give; to enclose, to sur-
round so as to intercept succours or provisions.
INVKSTIENT, ln-vds^tsb£nt, adj. 464. Covering,
clothing.
JNVESTIGABLE, la v&>itLl-g;\-bl. adj. To be search-
ed out, discoverable by rational disquisition.
search out, to find out by rational disquisition.
INVESTIGATION; in-vgs-t^g&sh&n, ». The act ol
the mind by which unknown truths are discovered;
, examination.
INVESTITURE, ln-v&£t£-t&re, s. The right of giv.
ing possession of any manor, office, or benefice ; the act
of giving possession.
INVESTMENT, In-v?stim5nt, s. Cress, clothes, gar-
ment, habit.
INVETERACY, in-v£tit£r a-s£, s. Long continuance
of any thing bad; in physick, long continuance of a
disease.
INVETERATE, ln-vchit£r-ate, adj. 91. old, long
hardening or confirming by long continuance.
INVIDIOUS, ln-vitW.&s, or in vidij^-as, adj. 293.
57b'. Envious, malignant; l.kely to incur or to bring
hatred.
INVIDIOUSLY, ln-vidid-us-14, adv. Malignantly,
enviously ) in a manner likely to provoke hatred.
iNVIfllbuSNESS, ln-vicW-&s-n&5, S. Quality of pro-
voking envy or hatred.
To INVIGORATE, in-vlgig£-rate, v. a. To endue
with vigour, to strengthen, to animate, to enforce.
INVIGORATION, In-vig-gii-raish&n, s. The act of
invigorating ; the state Of being invigorated.
INVINCIBLE, ln-vlnis^-bl, adj. 405. Unconquera-
ble, not to be subdued.
INVINCIBLENESS, in-vln^-bl-nds, s. tnconquer-
ableness, insuperableness.
INVINCIBLY, in-vinis<i-bl£, adv. Insuperably, un-
conquerably.
INVIOLABLE, In-yW-la-bl, adj. 405. Not to be
profaned, not to be injured ; not to be broken ; insus-
ceptible of hurt or wound.
INVIOLABLY, in-vU6-la-bld, adv. Without breach,
without failure.
INVIOLATE, In-v&i-Iate, adj. 91. Unhurt, unin-
jured, unpolluted, unbroken.
INVIOUS, in-v^&s, adjt- Impassable, untrodden.
INVISIBILITY, in-viz-^-bll-(i-te, f. The state at
being invisible, impereeptibleness to sight
INVISIBLE, in-viz^-bl, adj. 405. Not perceptible
by the sight, not to be seen.
INVISIBLY, in-vizi£-blA, adv. Imperceptibly to the
sight
To INVISCATE, In-vlsikate, t>. a. To lime, to en-
tangle in glutinous matter.
INVITATION, ln-v£.tai.sh&n, j. The act of inviting,
bidding, or calling to any thing with ceremony and ci-
vility.
INVITATORY, ln-vl-ta.t?ir-£, adj. 512. Using in-
vitation, containing invitation.
To INVITE, ln-vite/ v. a. To bid, to ask to any
place ; to allure, to persuade.
To INVITE, In-vite,' v. n. To give invitation, to af-
ford allurement
INVITEU, In-vlUfir, i 98. He who invites.
INVITINGLY, in-vUting-lti, adv. In such a manner
as ir.vites or allures.
To JNUMBKATE, in-fim'brate, v. a. To shade, to
cover with shades.
INUNCTION, In-&ngkish&n, *. The act of smear.
ing or anointing.
INUNDATION, ln-&n-daish&n, s. The overflowing
of waters flood, deluge; a confluence of any kind.
To INVOCATE, Inivo-kate, v. a. 91. To itivi
to implore, to call upon, to pray to
oke,
INVOCATION, lii-vA-kaishun, j. The act of calling
upon in prayer; the form of calling tor the assisidiue
or presence of any being.
INVOICE, in-voise, s. A catalogue of the freight
IRK
286
IRR
"T 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m& 93, rn5t 95 — pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, :n6ve 164,
of a ship, or of the articles and price of goods sent by • IRON, l-urn, $. 417. A hard, fusil, malleable me-
factor.
To INVOKE, in v6ke,' v. a. To call upon, to im-
plore, to pray to.
To INVOLVE, in-v&lv,' v. a. To inwrap, to cover
with any thing surrounding ; to imply, to comprise ; to
ent wist ; to take in ; to entangle ; to make intricate ;
to blend, to mingle together confusedly.
INVOLUNTARILY, in-v61i&n-ta-nUle, adv. Not
by choice, not spontaneously.
INVOLUNTARY, in-v61i&n-ta-r4, adj. Not having
the power of choice ; not chosen, not done willingly.
INVOLUTION, in-vA-lu-shun, s. The act of in-
volving or inwrapping; the state of being entangled,
complication ; that which is wrapped round any thing.
To INURE, in-ure,' v. a. To habituate, to make
ready or willing by practice and custom, to accustom.
INUREMENT, iii-hreim£ut, s. Practice, habit, use,
custom, frequency.
To INURN, In-firn/ v a. To intomb, to bury.
INUSTION, In-frsitsh&n, s. 464. The act of burn-
ing.
INUTILE, ln-&-tll, adj. 140. Useless, unprofitable.
INUTIL1TY, in-6-tiW-t^, s. Uselessness, unprofi-
tableness.
INVULNERABLE, in-v&l£n£r-a-bl, adj. Not to be
wounded, secure from wound.
To INWALL, in-wall,' t;. a. To enclose with a wall.
adv. 88. Toward* the in-
ternal parts, within ; with inflection or incurvity, con-
INWARD, in-ward,
INWARDS, in^wardz,
cavely ; into the mind or thoughts — See Towards.
INWARD, in-wan), adj. Internal, placed within ;
intimate, domestick ; seated in the mind.
INWARD, iniward, j. 88. Any thing within, ge-
nerally the bowels ; intimate, near acquaintance.
INWARDLY, ln-wird-l£, adv. In the heart, private-
ly ; in the parts within, internally ; with inflection or
concavity.
INWARDNESS, ln£ward-n£s, s. Intimacy, familia-
rity.
To INWEAVE, in-w^ve,' v. a. 227. pret. Inwove
or Inweavetl; part. pass. Inwove or Inwoven. To mix
any thing in weaving, so that it forms part of the tex-
ture : to intwine, to complicate.
To INWOOD, in-wud,' v. a. 307. To hide in woods.
Obsolete.
To INWRAP, in-rap,' v. a. 474. To cover by invo-
lution, to involve ; to perplex, to puzzle with difficulty
or obscurity ; to ravish or transport.
INWROUGHT, in-rawt/ adj. 319. Adorned with
work.
To INWREATH, in-r^THe/ v. a. 467. To surround
as with a wreath.
IONIC, i-6n-ik, adj. 116. Belonging to Ionia ; to
one of the dialects of the Greek language ; to one of
the five orders of architecture.
IPECACUANHA, ip-p<i-kak-(}-a-na, 3. An Indian
plant.
IRASCIBLE, i ras-s^-bl, adj. 115. 405. Partak-
ing of the nature of anger, disposed to anger.
IRE, ire, s. Anger, rage, passionate hatred.
IREFUL, Ire-ful, adj. Angry, raging, furious.
iREFt'LLY, ire-lul-^, adv. With ire, in an angry
manner.
IRIS, 1-ns *. The rainbow ; an appearance of light
resembling the rainbow; the circle round the pupil of
the eye; the flower-de-luce.
To IRK, £rk, v. a. 108.
f^f This word is very expressive : it comes from the
Island ick yrlc, work. It is only used impersonally, and
iiguifics to disgust, as, It irks me, 1 am weary of it.
IRKSOME, £rk^s&m, adj. 166. Wearisome, trou-
blesome.
IRKSOMELY, £rk-s&m-le, adv. Wearisomely, tedi-
tal; anv instrument or utensil made of iron; a chain,
a shack fe.
IRON, i-5rn, adj. Made of iron ; resembling iron
in colour; harsh, severe ; hard, impenetrable.
To IRON, l-&rn, v. a. To smooth with an iron ; to
shackle with irons.
IRONICAL, l-r&n-n£-kal, adj. 88. 115. Express-
ing one thing and meaning another.
IRONICALLY, l-r&n-n£-kal-£, adv. By the use of
irony.
IRONMONGER, li&rn-m&ng-g&r, s. A dealer in
iron.
IRONWOOD, 1-nrn-wud, s. A kind of wood ex-
tremely hard, and so ponderous a» to sink in water.
IRONWORT, U&rn-wtirt, s. A plant.
IRONY, i-firn-^, adj. Having the qualities of iron.
IRONY, l-r&n-£, s. A mode of speech in which the
to the words.
Emission
beami
of light upon an object ; beams of light emitted.
To IRRADIATE, ir-ra-d£-ate, j>. a. To adorn with
light emitted upon it, to heighten ; to enlighten intel-
lectually, to illuminate; to animate by heat or light ;
to decorate with shining ornaments.
IRRADIATION, ir-ra-d^-a-shun, *. 534. The act
of emitting beams of light; illumination, intellectual
light.
IRRATIONAL, ir-rashio-nal, adj. Void of reason,
void of understanding ; absurd, contrary to reason.
IRRATIONALITY, ir-rash-i-naW-tt*, s. Want of
reason.
IRRATIONALLY, Ir-rashiA-nll-^, adv. Without
reason, absurdly.
IRRECLAIMABLE, ir-r£-klaima-bl, adj 405. Not
to be reclaimed, not to be changed to the better.
IRRECONCILABLE, ir-r£k-6n-si-la-bl, adj. Not to
be reconciled, not to be appeased ; not to be made con-
sistent.— See Reconcilable.
meaning is contrary to the
IRRADIANCE, ir-ra^di an
IRRADIANCY, ir-
se, 7 s. 505. Ei
-s£, \ of rays or
IRBECONCILABLENESS, lr-r£k-5n-si-la bl-n£s, j.
Not to be reconciled.
IRRECONCILABLY, ir-r£k-6n-sWa-bl£, adv. In
an irreconcilable manner.
IRRECONCILED, ir-r£k^6n-slld, adj. Not atoned,
not forgiven.
IRRECOVERABLE, ir-r^-k&vi&r-a-bl, adj. Not to
be regained, not to be restored or repaired ; not to be
remedied.
IRRECOVERABLY, ir-r£-kuv-ur-a-bte, adv. Be-
yond recovery, past repair.
IRREDUCIBLE, Ir-rci-di-s£-bl, adj. Not to be re-
duced.
IRREFRAG ABILITY, lr-r£f-fra-ga biW-t4, s.
Strength of argument not to be refuted.
IRREFRAGABLE, lr-r£f-fra ga-bl, or ir-r^-fragi
a-bl, a(0. Not to be confuted, superiour to argu-
mental opposition.
J£^- If we might judge by the uniformity we find in our
Dictionaries, there would be no great difficulty in settling
the accentuation of this word. Dr. Johnson, Dr. .Vh,
Dr. Kenrick, Bailey, Entick, W. Johnston, Perry, Bar-
clay, and Buchanan, place the accent on the third syl-
lable; Mr. Scott either on the second or third, with a pre-
ference to the latter : and Mr. Sheridan, alone, places it
exclusively on the second. But, notwithstanding Mr. She-
ridan's accentuation stands single, I am much mistaken,
if it has not only the best usage on its side, but the clear-
est analogy to support it. It were, indeed, to be wished,
for the sake of harmony, that, like the Greeks and Ro-
mans, we had no accent higher than the antepenultimate ;
but language is the vox populi. Our accent, in a thou-
sand instances, transgresses these classick bounds, ami
who shaJ confine it? la compounds of our own, with
e accent on the fourth
lsotneness, teri-iceab.e-
,nr«, &c. .501 ; and a probable reason is given, under the
word Academy, why we accent so many words from the
the utmost propriety, we place the
syllable from the last, as in wearl
ously. i Latin in the same manner ; but, be Uje reason what it w .11,
IKKSOMENESS, erk-Stim-nes, t. Tediousnc&s, wea- ' certain it is. that this custom has prevailed. This preva-
luomeiiess. leiice of custom is suflkieuUy exemplified in the UUMUVC
IRR
287
IRR
ntJr 167, n&t 163 — thbe J71, tfib 172, bill 173 — 611 299 — pofind 313— thin 466 — THIS 4691
of the word in question ; Rrfragable is accented by John- nounced with the accent on the pre-antepenultimate svlla-
)le, according to the analogy of words anglicised from
he Latin, by dropping a syllable; which is, to place the
that pronouncing this word with
nd syllable is following that path
ion. Ash, and Bailey, on the first syllable, and would pro-
bably have been accented in the same manner by the rest,
if they had inserted the word. Buchanan and Barclay,
indeed, have the word, and accent it on the second ; but
their authority is greatly outweighed by the three others.
Convinced, therefore, that
the accent on the second sy
which the best usage has pointed out, I do not hesitate to
dissent from so many authorities, especially when 1 find
the best of these authorities inconsistent ; for if we are
to place the accent on the first syllable of Refragable, why
we should remove the accent in Irrefragable, I cannot
conceive.- See Academy and Disputable.
IRREFRAGABLY, lr-r£f-fri-gi-bl£, arlv. With
force above confutation.
IRREFUTABLE, ir-r^-t'Wta-bl, adj. Not to be over-
thrown by argument.
ft5» All our Dictionaries place the accent on the third
syllable of this word, nor do I mean to affront such res|>ect-
able authority, by placing it on the second, as in irrefra-
gable, though there is the same reason for both. Let it
not be pleaded that we have the verb refute in favour of
the first pronunciation ; this has not the least influence on
the words indisputable. Irrevocable, incomparable, &c.
The reason why corruptible and lefractory ought not to
have the accent on the first syllable, arises from the diffi-
culty of pronouncing the uncombinable consonants pt and
ct in syllables not under the stress.— See Principles, No.
617 ; also the words Acceptable and Refractory.
.IRREGULAR, ir-r3gi.g6-lir, adj. 88. Deviating
from rule, custom, 01 nature; immethodical, not con-
fined to any certain rule or order ; not being according
to the laws of virtue.
IRREGULARITY, lr-rdg-g&-lar£d-t£, s. Deviation
from rule ; neglect of method and order ; inordinate
practice.
IRREGULARLY, lr-reg%& lar-l£, adv. Without
observation of rule or method.
To IRREGULATE, Ir-r£g-gu-late, v. a. To make
irregular, to disorder
IRRELATIVE, lr-r£l-lit-tlv, adj. Having no refer-
ence to any thing, single, unconnected.
IRRELEVANT, ir-r&ie-vant, adj. Uiiassistiug, un-
relieving.
_ _ is is one of the annual productions of the House
of Commons (where new words and money bills naturally
originate) ; but it certainly deserves reception, as it con-
veys a new idea, which is, that the- object to which it re-
lates is supposed to be in a fallen and abject state, and in-
capable of relief; whereas unassisting may relate to an
object which, indeed, wants assistance, but which is still
in a militant state, and not overcome. Every new shade
of thought, however nice, enriches a language, and may
be considered as a real acquisition to it; but this word, as
it is generally used in Parliament, seems to signify no-
thing more than merely unrelated; and if this had been
expressed by irrelative, though not strictly classical, yet a
very allowable formation, it would have been of real use ;
but as it is used at present, it is a pedantic encumbrance
to the language — See Relevant.
IRRELIGION, Ir-re lid-j&n, s. Contempt of religion,
impiety.
IRRELIGIOUS, lr-r£-lidij&s, adj. 314. Contemning
religion, impious; contrary to religion.
IRRELIGIOUSLY, Ir-r^-lidij&s-l^, adv. With im-
piety, with irreligion.
IRREMEABLE, ir-r&m^-a-bl, adj. Admitting no
return.
IRREMEDIABLE, ir-ri*-m£ide a-bl, adj. Admitting
no cure, not to be remedied.
IRREMEDIABLY, lr-rd-m£-d&-& ble. adv. Withou
cure.
IRREMISSIBLE, lr-re-mls-se-bl, adj. Not to be
pardoned.
IRREMISSIBLENESS, Ir-r£-mlsis4-bl-uds, s. Th
quality of being not to be pardoned.
lliREMOVEABLE, lr-r£-iiiS5v££-bl, adj. Not to be
moved, not to be changed.
accent on that s-
>pping a syllable;
\ liable which had
a secondary stress in
our own English pronunciation of the Latin words.— See
Academy and Incomparable.
IRREPARABLY, ir-r£p-pa ra-bl£, adv. Without
recovery, without amends.
[RREPLEVIABLE, lr-r^-pl£vive-a-bl, adj. Not to
be redeemed. A law term.
IRREPREHENSIBLE, ir-r£p-prd-h£iA£-bl, adj
Exempt from blame.
[RREPREHENSIBLY, lr-r£p.pr£-h£a-s«i bli, adv.
Without blame.
IRREPRESENTABLE, Ir-r£p-pr£-z6nt-a-bl, adj.
Not capable of representation.
IRREPROACHABLE, ir-re-prAtsh-a-bl, adj. 295.
Free from blame or reproach.
IRREPROACHABLY, ir-r£-pr6tsh-a-bl<i, adv. With-
out blame, without reproach.
IRREPROVEABLE, Ir-rd-pr63v£a-bl, adj. Not to be
blamed, irreproachable.
IRREPTITIOUS, lr-r£p-tlsh-us, adj. Encroaching,
creeping in.
{fjf This word is in no Dictionary that I have met
with ; but it appears to me to deserve a place, ac it is ihe
etymology counts the b in or«»»iirreptitious, fur not hav-
ing found it in foreign sources, she cannot see its Ute at
home." Book I. page 25.
IRRESISTIBILITY, ir-r£-zIs-td-bll-£-t£, s. Power
above opposition.
IRRESISTIBLE, Ir-r£-zls-t£-bl, adj. Superior to
opposition.
IRRESISTIBLY, lr-r£-zls-t£-bl(J, adv. In a manner
not to be opposed.
IRRESOLUBLE, lr-r£z-zA-lu-bl, adj. Not to be
broken, not to be dissolved.— See [Hsiolublt.
IRRESOLUBLENESS, Ir-r&z-zi-lii-bl-nes, *. Not
resolvable into parts.
IRRESOLVEDLY, ir-r£-z61'v£d-l£, adv. 364.
Without settled determination.
IRRESOLUTE, Jr-r£zizo-lute, adj. Not constant in
purpose, not determined.
IRRESOLUTELY, ir-r§z-zA-lite-l£, adv. Without
firmness of mind, without determined purpose.
IRRESOLUTION, ir-r£z.6-lu-shan, s. Want at
firmness of mind.
IRRESPECTIVE, lr-r£-sp£kitlv, adj. Having no re-
gard to any circumstances.
IRRESPECTIVELY, lr-r^-spdk£tlv-ltJ, adv. Without
regard to circumstances.
IRRETRIEVABLE, ir-re-tr^-va-bl, adj. 275. Not
to be repaired, irrecoverable, irreparable.
IRRETRIEVABLY, lr-re-tre^-vi-blii, adv. Irrepa-
rably, irrecoverably.
IRREVERENCE, Ir-r3viv£r-£nse, * Want of reve-
rence, want of veneration ; siate of being disregarded.
IRREVERENT, lr-r£viver.£nt, adj. Not paying due
homage or reverence, not expressing or conceiving due
veneration or respect. — See Kcverent.
IRREVERENTLY, Ir-r6v-v£r-6nt.kl, adv. Without
due re>pect or veneration.
IRREVERSIBLE, lr- r^-vcrisi-bl, adj. Not to be
recalled, not to be changed.
IRREVERSIBLE, ir-re-v^r-s^ bl^, adv. Without
change.
IRREVOCABLE, lr-r£vivA.ka-bl, adj. Not to be
recalled, not to be brought buck.
j£5" For the reason of accenting this word on the se-
coi.u, and not on the third syllable, see Academy and In-
comparable.
Without
IRUENOWNED, ir-re-nound,' adj. 369. Void of IRREVOCABLY, ir-rdviv6-ka-bld, adv.
honour. i recal.
IRREPARABLE, lr-r£pipa-ra-bl, adj. Not to be; To IRRIGATE, Ir^rti-gate, v. a. To wet, to
reeovered, not to be repaired. ten, to water.
i&' This word and its simple Reparable come from IRRIGATION, ir-re-ga^slm!!, s. The act of w
the Latin Rrparabilu and Irrepcuabiiu, and are pro-J lng Oj moi*trning.
IT
£88
JAC
559. File 73, far 77, fall 83,fat81 — rr£ S3, m£t 95 — plne!05,p1n 107— n& 162, mire 164,
IBRIGUOUS, lr-rlg-gh-&s, of//. Watery, watered ;
dewy, moist
IllRISION, lr-rlzh-&n, *. The act of laughing at
another.
IRRITABLE, Ir-r^.ta-bl, adj. Capable of bring made
angry.
To IRRITATE, IrW-lAte-, r. a. 91. ToprovoVe, to
teaze, to exasperate ; to fret, to put Into motion or dis-
order by any irregular or unaccustomed contact; to
neighten. to agitate, to enforce.
IRRITATION, Ir-r^-ta-shun, j. Provocation, exas- ;
peration ; stimulation.
IRRUPTION, Ir-rSpishfin, s. The act of any
thing forcing an entrance ; inroad, burst of invaders
Into any place.
Is, Iz, 42O. The third person Singular of To
Be, I am, thou art, he is: it is sometimes expressed by
fs, as What's, the price of this book ?
IsctfURY, Isi-ki-rt*, s. 353; A stoppage of urine.
ISOHURETICK, ls-ku-r£t-tlk, s. Such medicines as
force urine when suppressed.
IsiCI.E, i-slk-kl, $. 405. A pendent shoot of ice.
IflNGLASS, i-zlng gills, s. A fine kind of glue made
from the intestines of a large fish resembling a stur-
geon.
ISINGLASS STONE, 1-zlng-glis-stine, 5. A pure
fossil, more clear and transparent than glass, of which
the ancients made their windows.
Isi.AND, 1-lind, *. 458. A tract of land surrounded
by water.
J£^- The * in this word and its compounds is perfectly
(ilenu
ISLANDER, l-land-fir, «. 98. An inhabitant of an
island.
ISLE, He, s. 458. Ah island, a country surround-
ed by water ; a long walk in a church or publick build
. ing.
ISOCHRONAL, i sok^ri-nal, adj. Having equal
times.
ISOCHRONOUS, l-s5k-rA-nis, adj. Performed in e-
qual times.
ISOLATED, lz-o-la-t£d, adj. (hole, Fr.) A term
in achitecture, signifying alone, separate, detached.
l£S" 1 have not met with this word in any of our Eng
lishDictionaries, but have so often heard it in conversa
tion, as to induce me to insert it without any other au
thority than its utility.
ISOPERIMETRICAL, i-s6-p£r-£-m3t£tr£-kal, adj.
In geometry, such figures as have equal perimeters or
circumferences, of which the circle is the greatest.
ISOSCELES, l-s&s^sW^z, s. That which hath only
two sides equal.
ISSUE, Ish-sbfr, s. 457. The act of passing out ;
exit, egress, or passage out ; event, consequence; ter-
mination, conclusion ; a fontanel, a vent made in a
muscle for the discharge of humours ; evacuation, pro-
geny, offspring ; in law, Issue hath divers applications,
sometimes used for the children begotten between a
man and his wife, sometimes for profits growing from
an amercement, sometimes for profits of lands or tene-
ments, sometimes for that point or matter depending
in suit, whereupon the parties join aud put their cause
to the trial of the jury.
To ISSUE, Isli-sbil, v. h. To come out, to pass
out of any place; to make an eruption; to proceed as
an offspring ; to be produced by any fund ; to run ou
in lines.
To IsSL'E, Ish-shi, v. a. To send out, to send forth
to send out judicially or authoritatively.
ISSUELESS, isll-shfr-lds, adj. \Vithout offspring
without descendants.
ISTHMUS, ist'-mtis, *. A neck of land joining the
r jieninsula to the continent.
J£j> 1 have only made the h mute in this word ; Mr
Bhendan makes both the h and if mute, and spells the
word Ismus. Dr. Kenrick, Mr. >cott, Mr. Perry, Mr
Barclay, and Mr. Buchanan, pronounce the word as
have done, and, I think, agreeable to the best usage.
IT it, jrron. The neutral demonstrative ; the thing
spoken of before. It is used ludicrously after utu
tral verbs to give an emphasis. It is idiomatically aj
Jrfied to persons, ai, It was I, It was lie.
ITCH, Ush, j. 352. A cutaneous disease extremely
contagious ; the sensation of uneasiness in the skin,
which is eased by rubbing ; a constant teasing desire.
To ITCH, itsh, »i. n. To feel that uneasiness in the
skin which is removed by rubbing; to long, to have
continual desire.
ITCHY, ltsh-4, adj. Infected with the itch.
ITEM, l-t£m, adv. Also; a word used when any
article is added to the former.
ITEM, l-t£m, s. A new article ; a hint, an inuendo.
To ITERATE, lt-t£r-Ate, v. a. 91. To repeat, to
utter ag^in, to inculcate by frequent mention ; to do
over again.
ITERANT. it-t£r-ant, adj. Repeating.
ITERATION, It-i£r-a-sii&n, s. Repetition, recital
over again.
ITINERANT, l-t1nin£r-ant, adj. Wandering, not
settled.
ITINERARY, l-t1nin£r-ar-£, s. A book of travel*
ITINERARY, l-tin-n£r ar-£, adj. Travelling, done
on a journey.
ITSELF, It-s'ilf,' pron. The neutral reciprocal pro-
noun applied to things.
IVORY, l-V&r-£, s. 166. The tusk of the ele-
phant.
IVORY, l-v&r-£, adj. Made of ivory ; pertaining to
ivory.
IVY, l-v£, s. A plant
0 JABBER, jabibfir, v. n. 98. To talk
idly, without thinking, to chatter.
JABBERER, jib-btir-Cir, s. One who talks inarticu-
lately or unintelligibly.
JACENT, ja-s&it, adj. Lying at length.
JACK, jak, s. The diminutive of John ; the name of
instruments which supply the place of a boy, as an in-
strument to pull off boots; an engine which turns tlie
spit, a young pike ; a cup of waxed leather ; a small
bowl thrown out for a mark to the bowlers ; a part of
the musical instrument called a virginal ; the male of
some animals ; a support to saw wood on ; the colours
or ensign of a ship : a cunning fellow.
JACK -BOOTS, jik-bfiits,' s. Boots which serve at
armour.
JACK-PUDDING, jak-pud-dlng, s. A zany, a mer-
ry-andrew.
JACK-WITH-A-LANTERN, jak-wiTH i-lanitfirn, *
An ignis fatuus.
JACKALENT, jak-a-l^nt/ s. A simple sheepish fel-
low.
JACKALL, jak-kall,' s. 406. A small animal sup-
posed to start prey for the lion.
jf^- Mr. Nares, who is an excellent judge both of ana-
logy and usace, says, the accentuation of this word uj>on
the last syllable is adopted by Dr. Johnson; but it is cer-
tainly now obsolete. I am reluctantly of a different opi-
nion, and think Dryden's accentuation the best:
•' Close by their fire-ships like Jockallt appear,
" Who on their lions for (heir prey attend."
JACKANAPES, jik-an-aps, *. A monkey, an ape;
a coxcomb, an impertinent.
JACKDAW, jak-daw/ s. A small species of crow.
JACKET, jak-klt, s. ^9. A short coat, a close waist-
coat.
JACOBIN, jaki<!»-bln, s. A monk, the same as the
Dominicans. Also the name given to the party in France
who were the most furious republicans ; so called from
their assembling in the house of the Jacobin friars.
JACOBINE, jak-6-blne, s. 149. A pigeon with a
high tuft.
JACTITATION, jak-t«J-ta-sh&n, s Tossing motion,
restlessness.
JACULATION, jak-i-la'sh&n, s. The act of throw-
ing iv.iesJle weapons.
JAU
289
a&r 167, not 163 — tibe 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 411 299 — pifind 313 — th'm 466 — THJS 469.
JADE, jade, «. A horse of no spirit, a hired horse, JAW, jkw, s. 219, The bone of the rnoulb in whan
a worthless nag ; a sorry woman
To JADE, jade, v. a. To tire, to harass, to dispirit,
to weary ; to overbear ; to employ in vile ofh'ceo ; to
ride, to rule with tyranny.
JAUISH, ja-dlsh, adj. Vitious, bad, as a horse ; un-
chaste, incontinent.
To JAGG, jag, v. a. To cut into indentures ; to cut
into teeth like those of a saw.
JAGG, jag, s. A protuberance or denticulation.
JAGGY, jag-g^, adj. 383. Uneven, denticulated.
JAGGEDNESS, jag'g£d-n£s, s. 366. The state of
being denticulated, unevcnness.
JAIL, jale, * 52. 202. 212. A gaol, a prison.
JAILBIRD, jale-burd, s. One who has been in a jail.
JAILER, ju-l&r, s. The keeper of a prison.
JAKES, jaks, s. A house of office, a plivy.
JALAP, jaM&p, 4, A purgative root.
H^f The pronunciation of this word, as if written Jol-
lop, which Mr. Sheridan has adopted, is, in my opinion,
now confined to the illiterate and vulgar.
JAM, jam, s. A conserve of fruits boiled with sugar
and water.
JAMB, jam, s.
posts of a door.
This ought to have been added to the catalogue of
Any supporter on either side, as the
words having the b silent. Principles, No. 34
To JANGLE, jaug-gl, v. n. 405.
bicker in words.
To quarrel, to
JANGLEH, jang-gl.&r, s. A wrangling, chattering,
noisy fellow.
JANIZARY, jan-no-zur-e, 5. One of the guards of
the Turkish Sultan.
JANTY, jAn't^, adj. Showy, fluttering.
fir
gf «ttt *K» |»V»alUlC -, UlU tl> WC Have I1U JULLUr III I U.I 1.1J1-
guage equivalent to the French soft g, and as the nasal
vowel en, when not followed by hard g, c, or k, is not to
be pronounced by a mere English speaker (see Encore,)
it is no wonder that the word was anglicised in its sound,
as well as in its orthography. Mr. Slieridan has preserv-
ed the French sound of the \owel in this word and its
compound jauntintst, as if written jan nty siaAjavtntitusi ;
but Dr. Kcinick, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Perry, give the a
the Italian sound, as heard in aunt, father, &c. and this,
I imagine, it ought to have, 214.
JANUARY, jauinu ar-d, 3. The first month of the
year.
JAPAN, ja-pan/ s. Work varnished and raised in
gold and colours.
To JAPAN, ja-pan,' v. a. To varnish, to embellish
with gold and raised figures; to black shoes, a low
phrase.
JAPANNER, jA-pan-nur, s. One skilled in japan
work ; a shoe blacker.
To JAR, jar, v. u. 78. To strike together with a
kind of short rattle ; to strike or sound untuneably ; to
clash, to interfere, to act in opposition ; to quarrel, to
dispute.
JAR, jar, s. A kind of rattling vibration of sound ;
clash, di cord, debate; a state in which a door unfasten-
ed may strike the post; an earthen vessel.
JARGON, jar-gun, s. 166. Unintelligible talk ; gab-
ble, gibberish -
JARGONELLE, jar-gA-nel/ s. A species of pear.
JASMINE, jazimin, s. 434. A flower.
JASPER, Jaipur, s. 98. A hard stone of a bright
beautiful gieen colour, sometimes clouded with white.
JAVELIN, jav-lin, s. A spear or half-pike, which
anciently was used either by foot or horse.
JAUNDJCE, j&n-dis, s. 142. 214. A distemper from
obstructions of the glands of the liver.
JAUNDICED, jaukilst, adj. 359. Infected with the
jaundice.
To JAUNT, jant, v. n. 214. To wander here and
there, to make little excursions for air or exercise.
JAUATINESS, jdu-tij-nes, I. Airinets, flutter, gen-
the teeth are fixed; the mouth.
JAY, ja, s. 220. A bird,
JEALOUS, j£l-lus, wtj. 234.. 314. Suspicious U»
love; emulous; zealously cautious against dishonour;
-'
suspiciously vigilant; suspiciously U-ari'ul
EALOUSLY, j^l-lus-W, ado. Suspiciously,
emulous-
>••
JEALOUSNESS, j£lilus-n5s, j. The state of bcinj
jealous.
JEALOUSY, j£l-l&S-<*, S. Suspicion in love ; suspi-
cious fear ; suspicious caution, vigilance or rivalry*
To JEER, jitir, v. n. 246. To scoff, to flout, to
make mock.
To JEER, J«^r, v. a. To treat with scoflV
JEER, jWr, s. Scoff, taunt, biting jest, flout.
JEERER, jWr-rur, s. A scoffer, a scorner, a mocker.
JEERING LY, j^r^Ing-1^, adv. Scorniuliy, contenij>-
tuously.
J.EHOVAH, j^-hifva, s. The proper name of Qod in
the Hebrew language.
JEJUNE, je-joon,' adj. Wanting, empty ; hungry ;
dry, unarfectmg.
JEJUNENESS, je-joon-n£s, *. Penury, poverty ; dry-
ness, want of matter that can engage the attention.
JELLIED, j£l-lld, adj. 233. G.lutinous, brought to
S. Any thing brought to a glutinous
a viscous state.
JELLY,
, , .
state ; a kind of tender coagulation. — See (jdty.
JENNETING, j4n-»l-ting, s. A species of appi*
soon ripe.
J.ENNET, j£»-nlt, S. 99. A Spanish horse. — See.
Genuetf
To JEOPARD, jSp-purd, v. a. 256. To hazard, to
put in dangec,
JEOPARDOUS, j^pip&r-dis, adj. Hazardous, dan-
gerous.
JEOPARDY, j£p£pir-d£, s. Hazard, danger, peril.
To JERK, jerk, v. a. To strike with a quick smart
blow, to lush.
To JEUK, J6rk, r. n. To strike up.
JERK, j£rk, 4. A smart quick la»h j a sudden spring,
a quick jolt that shocks or starts.
JERKEN, j^rikin, i. 103. A jacket, short coat ; a
kind of hawk.
JERSEY, j£r-z<i, s. Fine yarn of wool.
JESS, jes, s. Short straps of leather tied about the
legs of a hawk, with which she is held on the list.
JESSAMINE, J6s-sa-mln, s. 150. A fragrant flower
— See Jasmine.
JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES, j£-r35-sa-lem
tshoks, s. Sunflower, of which they are a species.
To JEST, j£st, t'. n. To divert, to make merry by
words or actions; not to speak in earnest.
JEST, j£st, 4. Any thing ludicrous, or meant onl>
to raise laughter ; the object of jests, laughing-stock ;
a thing said in joke, not in earnest.
JESTER, j&^-tCir, s. 98. One given to merriment
and pranks; one given to sarcasm ; butfoon, jack-pud-
ding. _
JET, j£t, t. A very beautiful fossil, of a fine deep
black colour ; a spout or shoot of water.
To JET, j£t, v. n. To shoot forward, to shoot out,
to intrude, to jut out; to strut; to jolt.
JETTY, j£t-t^, adj. Made of jet; black as jet.
JEWEL, jh-ll, *• 99. Any ornament of great value,
used commonly of such as are adorned with precious
stones ; a precious stone, a gem ; a name of fondness.
JEWEL-HOUSE, or Office, jii-il house, 3. The
place where the regal ornaments are rqiosited.
JEWELLER, ju-il-liir, *. 98. One who traitickt in
precious stones.
JEWS-EAR, juze^r, j. A fungus.
JEWS-MALLOW, juze-mal-16, s. An herb.
JEWS-STONE,
s. A» cxtranwut fwsil,
JOI 290 .TOW
^59- File 73, far 77, fSll 83, fet SI — m<* 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 1O7— ni 162, move 164,
b* ig the clavatcd spine of a very large epg-shaped sea-
u- un, petrified by long lying in the earth.
JEWS HARP, jdzt-l'drp, s. A kind of musical in-
strument held between the teeth.
JlG, jig, s. A light careless dance or tune.
To JlG, jig, V. n. To dance carelessly, to dance.
JlGMAKER, jig-ma-kur, s. One who dances or plays
merrily.
JlGOT, jlg'&t, S. 1 66. A leg ; as, a jigot of mutton.
JlGUMBOB, jigigfim-bob, s. A trinket, a knick
knack. A cant word.
JII.L, Jill, s. A measure of liquids ; an opprobrious
appellation of a woman. — See GUI.
JlLT, jilt, s. A woman who gives her lover hopes,
and deceives him ; a name of contempt for a woman.
To JlLT, jilt, v. a. To trick a man by flattering his
love with hopes.
To JlNGLE, jlng'gl, v. n. To clink, to sound cor-
respondently.
IlNGLE, jlng-gl, s. 405. Correspondent sounds;
any thing sounding, a rattle, a bell.
JOB, job, *. A low, mean, lucrative affair ; petty,
piddling work, a piece of chance work; a sudden stab
with a short instrument.
To JOB, job, v. a. To strike suddenly with a sharp
instrument ; to drive in a sharp instrument.
To JOB, job, v. n. To play the stockjobber, to buy
and sell as a broker.
JOBBER, jobi-bfir, *. 98. A man who sells stock
in the publick funds ; one who does chance work.
JOBBV.RNOWL, job£bur-n61e, j. A loggerhead, a
blockhead.
JOCKEY, jokik^, s. 270. A fellow that rides horses
in the race ; a man that deals in horses ; a cheat, a
triekish fellow.
To JOCKEY, J6k^k£, v. a. To justle by riding a-
gainst one ; to cheat, to trick.
JOCOSE, j6-k6se,' adj. Merry, waggish, given to
jest.
JOCOSELY, ji-kAseilt5, adv. Waggishly, in jest,
in game.
JocOSENESS, j6-kise-i;£s, ) *. Waggery, merri-
JocOSITY, jo-kos-^ te, $ ment.
JOCULAR, j6kiu-lur, adj. 88. Used in jest, merry,
jocose, waggish.
JOCULARITY, jok-fi-lari^-te, s. Merriment, dispo-
sition to jest.
JOCUND, jok-und, adj. Merry, pay, airy, lively
See Facurui.
JOCUNDLY, jok£5nd-l<*, adv. Merrily, gaily.
To JOG, jog, V. a. To push, to fhake by a sud-
den push, to give notice by a sudden push
To JOG, jog, v. n. To move by small shocks ; to
move on in a gentle, equable trot.
JOG, j?>g, S. A push, a slight shake, a sudden inter-
ruption by a push or shake ; a rub, a small stop.
JOGGER, jog^gur, s. 98. One who muves heavily
^nd dully.
To JOGGLE, jog-gl, v. n. 405. To shake, to be
in a tremulous motion.
JoHNAPPLE, j6n-ap-pl, i. 405. A sharp apple.
To JOIN, join, v. a. To add one to another in
continuity ; to unite in league or marriage ; to dash to-
gether, to encounter ; to associate ; to unite in one act ;
to unite in concord ; to act in concert with.
To JOIN, join, »>. ». To grow to, to adhere, to be
continuous ; to close, to clash ; to unite with in mar-
riage, or any other league ; to become confederate.
JOINDER, jSln^dur, $- Conjunction, joining.
JOINER, join-ir, «. 98. One whose trade is to make
utensils of wrod joined.
JOINERY, join'&r-e, s.
An art whereby several
pieces of wood are fitted and joined together.
JOINT, joint, s. Articulation of limbs, juncture of
nioveable bones in animal bodies; hinge, junctures
which admit motion of the parts ; straight lines, in join-
ers' language, are called a joint, that is, two pieces of
wood are shot or planed ; a knot in A plant ; one of !he
limbs of an animal cut up by ihc butcher ; Out of joint,
luxated, slip|>ed from the socket, or correspondent part
where it naturally moves; thrown into confusion and
disorder.
JOINT, joint, adj. Shared among many ; united
in the same possession ; combined, acting together in
concert.
To JOINT, joint, v. a. To join together in confe-
deracy : to form irany parts into one ; to form in u-
ticulations ; to divide a joint, to cut or quarter luto
joints.
JOINTED, jointed, adj. Full of joints.
JOINTER, joln'tfir, s. 9F. A sort of plane.
JOINTLY, joi:>t-le, adv. Together, not separately ;
in a state of union or co-opera1 ion.
JOINTRESS, joln-ir^s, s. One who holds any thing
in jointure.
JOINTSTOOL, joint stool,' S. A stool formed by
framing the joints into each other.
JOINTURE, jiin-tshtrt.', s. 461. Estate settled
on a wife, to be enjoyed after her husband's decease.
JOIST, joist, *. The secondary beam of a floor.
JOKE, joke, s. A jest, something not serious.
To JOKE, joke, v. n. To jest, to be merry in word*
or actions.
JoKKh, jo-k&r, s. 98 A jester, a merry fellow.
JoLE, jole, s. The face or cheek ; the head of a
fish.
To JOLL, jole, t>. a. To beat the head against any
thing, to ctosh with violence.
JoLLILY,
mirth.
adv. In a disposition to noisy
JOLLIMENT, j61-l<*-m£r:t, s. Mirth, metriment;
gayety.
JOLLINESS, j&W^nfe, 7 e)evauon of
JOLLITY, j&Wfi-tt, $
spirit; merriment, festivity.
JOLLY, jol-lt*, adj. Gay, merry, airy, cheerful,
lively; plump, like one in high health.
To JOLT, .jilt, v. n. To shake as a carriage on
rough Around.
To JOLT, jolt, t;. a. To shake one as a carriage
does.
JOLT, jolt, s. Shock as in a carriage.
JOLTHEAD, j61t-h£d, S. A great head, a dolt, a
blockhend.
JONQUILLE, j&n-kwll,' s. A sj>ecics of daflbdiL
JORDEN, jor^<ln, s. 103. A chamber-pot.
To JOSTLE, j&si-sl, v. a. 472. To justle, to rush
against.
JOT, jot, s. A point, a tittle.
JOVIAL, jo^v^-al, atlj. 88. Under the influence ot
Jupiter ; gay, airy, merry.
JOVIALLY, j6-vi*-al e, adv. Merrily, gayly.
JOVIALNESS, jo^ve-al-n£s, S. Gayety, merriment,
JOURNAL, j&finul, adj. 88. SI 4. Daily, quoti-
dian.
JOURNAL, j&r-n&l, s. A diary, an account kept of
daily transactions; any toper published daily.
JOURNALIST, j&r-nul-lst, s. A writer of journals.
JOURNEY, j&K-n^, 5. 270. The travel of a day ;
travel by land ; a voyage or travel by sea ; passage from
place to'placc.
To JOURNEY, j&rin^, v. n. To travel, to pass from
place to place.
JOURNEYMAN, j&r-ne-man, s. 88. A hired work-
man.
JOURNEYWOHK, j6rine-wurk, S. Work performed
by hire.
JOUST, j&st, 5. 314. Tilt, tournament, mock fight.
It is now writ'en, less properly. Just.
To JOUST, j&st, V. n. To tun in the tilt.
JOWLEK, j61e-ur, s 9S. A kind of hunting dog.
JUI
£91
JUS
nor 167, nut 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299— pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
JOY, jo^, s. 229. 329. The passion produced by any JUICINESS, jMs^-n£s, s. Plenty of juice, succulence.
happy accident, gladness; gayety, merriment; happi- JuiCY, ju^, adj. Moist, full of juice.
ness; a term of fondness. -IMI .
To JOY,
v. «. To rejoice, to be glad, to exult.
JlJLAP'
A" extcmporaneoiw form of
AV VW*| IW« f. '*• AU ICIUlUUj HI I'l UIUU, IU CJtUlt. I- • J ff • I l
,_. T J . , , I medicine, made of simple and compound water sweet-
Jo JOY, joe, 11. a. To congratulate, to entertain ] ened,
kindly ; to gladden, to exhilarate. I JULY, ju-11,' s. The seventh month of the year.
JOYANCE, jtw&inse, *. Gayety, festivity. Obsolete. JUMART, j&imart, i. The mixture of a bull and a
JOYFUL, joe-lul, adj. Full of joy, glad, exulting. mare.
To JUMBLE, j&m-bl, v. a 405. To mix violently
and confusedly together.
To JUMBLE, j&m-bl, v. n. ,To be agitated together.
JOYFULLY, jS&fftl-i, adv. With joy, gladly.
JoYFULNESS, jo&tul-:i£s, i. Gladness, joy.
JOYLESS,
s, adj. Void of joy, feeling no plea-
sure ; giving no pleasure.
JOYOUS, jo^-us, adj. 314. Glad, gay, merry; giv-
ing joy.
JUBILANT, ju-b^-lant, adj. Uttering songs of tri-
umph.
JUBILATION, jfi-b^-la-shfin, s. The act of declar-
ing triumph.
JUBILEE, ju-bt*-l£, s. A publick festivity.
JOCUNDITY, ju-kunid£ te, s. Pleasantness, agree-
ableness.
JUDAICAL, jfr.da£<i-kal, adj. Jewish ; pertaining to
the Jews.
JUDAISM, ju-da-lsin, s. The religious rites of the
Jews.
To JuDAIZE, ju-da-lze, v. n. To conform to the
Jews.
JUDGE, j&dje, s. One who is invested with authori-
ty to determine any cause or question, real or personal;
one who presides in a court of judicature ; one who has
skill sufficient to decide upon the merit of any thing.
To JUDGE, j&dje, v. n. To pass sentence ; to form
or give an opinion ; to discern, to distinguish.
To JUDGE, j5dje, v. a. To pass soil tenet upon, to
examine authoritatively ; to pass severe censure ; to
doom severely.
JUDGER, judjt'i&r, j. 98. One who forms judgment
or passes sentence.
JUDGMENT, judje-m£nt, s. The power of judging;
the act of exercising judicature; determination, deci-
sion ; the quality of distinguishing propriety and im-
propriety ; opinion, notion ; sentence against a crimi-
nal, condemnation ; punishment inflicted by Provi-
dence; distribution of justice; the last doom.
fcj* I am of Dr. Lowth's opinion, that the silent e in
this and similar words ought to be preserved ; and though
Dr. Johnson spells ackno-vledgmcnt and abridgment without
the e, he spells lodgement wiih it. Thus, the rectitude of
habit frequently corrects the errors of criticism.
JuDICATOUY, ju-dt^-ka-tur-t*, s. 512. Distribu-
tion of justice; court of justice.
JUDICATURE, juMe-ki-ture, s. Power of distribut-
ing justice.
JUDICIAL, ju dishial, adj. 88. Practised in the
ieted on as a penalty.
In the forms of
legal justice.
JUDICIARY, ju-dlshiar-4, adj. Passing judgment
upon any thing.
JUDICIOUS, jb -dish-its, adj. Prudent, wise, skilful.
JUDICIOUSLY, j&-di-,h-us-l<*, adv. Skilfully, wisely.
JUG, jug, s. A large drinking vessel with a gibbous
or swelling belly.
2\> JUGGLE, j&g-gl, V. n. To' play tricks by sleight
of hand ; to practise artifice or imposture.
JfGGLE, j&g-gl, S. 405. A trick by legerdemain j
an imposture, a deception.
JUGGLER, j&g-gl-&r, j. 98. One who practises
sleight of hand, one who deceives the eye by nimble
conveyance ; a cheat, a trickish fellow.
JUGGLINGLY, j&gigUng-lti, adv. 410. In a de-
ceptive manner.
JUGULAR, ju-gu-lir, adj. 88. Belonging to the
ihroat.
JuiCE, juse, s. 342. The liquor, sap, or water of
plants and fruits; the fluid in animal bodies.
JuiCEL£&>, just-l&>, adj. Without moisture.
distribution of publick justice; infli
JUDICIALLY, ji-dish-al-e, ado.
JUMBLE, j&m-bl, s. Confused mixture, violent and
confused agitation.
To JUMP, j&mp, v. n. To leap, to skip, to mov«
forward without step or sliding ; to leap suddenly ; to
jolt ; to agree, to tally, to join.
JUMP, jump, adv. Exactly, nicely.
JUMP, j&mp, S. The act of jumping, a leap, a skip ;
a lucky chance; a waistcoat, limber stays worn by la-
dies.
JUNCATE, j&ngiklt, s. 91. 408. Cheesecake, a
kind of sweetmeat of curds and sugar ; any delicacy ; a
furtive or private entertainment.
JUNCOUS, j&ng-k&s, adj. Full of bulrushes.
JUNCTION, j&ngk-sll&n, 5. Union, coalition.
JUNCTURE, j&ngk-tsii&re, s. 461. The line at
which two things are joined together ; joint articula-
tion ; union, amity ; a critical point or article of time.
JUNE, June, s. The sixth month of the year.
JUNIOR, ju-ne-ur, adj. 166. One younger than an-
other.
JUNIPER, j6'n^-p&r, *. 98. A plant. The berries
are powerfully attenuant, diuretick, and carminative.
JUNK, j&n»k, j. 408. A small ship of China;
pieces of eable.
JUNKET, j&ng-klt, 99. 408. A sweetmeat, a sto-
len entertainment.
To JUNKET, j&ngiklt, t>. n. To feast secretly, to
make entertainments by stealth ; to feast.
JUNTO, j&n-to, s. A cabal.
JURAT, jii-rit, s. A magistrate in some corpora-
tions.
JURATORY, ju-rJ-t&r-£, adj. 512. Giving oath.
JURIDICAL, ju-rld-de-kal, adj. Acting in th«
distribution of justice ; used in courts of justice.
JURIDICALLY, jii-rid-de-kal-4, adj. With legal
authority.
JURISCONSULT, j&-rls-k5nis<, s. One who gives
his opinion in law.
JURISDICTION, ju-rls-dlk-sli&n, s. logal authori-
ty, extent of power ; district to which any authority
extends.
JURISPRUDENCE, ju-rls-pr&-d5nse, s. The science
of law.
JURIST, ju'rlst, S. A civil lawyer, a civilian,
JUROR, ju-r&r, s. 166. One that serves on a jury.
JURY, ju-r<5, s. A company of men, as twenty-four
or twelve, sworn to deliver truth upon such evidence
as shall be delivered them touching the matter in qui-v-
tion.
JURYMAN, jWr^-man, j. 88. One who is impan-
nelleJ on a jury.
JURYMAST, ju-r^-mast, s. So the seamen call what-
ever they set up iu the room of a n.ast lost in fight, or
by a storm.
JUST, j Cist, adj. Upright, equitable, honest; exact;
virtuous; complete, without superfluity or defect; ro*
gular, orderly ; exactly proportioned ; full, of full di-
mensions or weight.
JUST, just, adj. Exactly, nicely, accurately ; mere-
ly, barely ; nearly.
JUST, just, s. Mock encounter on horseback.
To JUST, just, f. n. To engage in a mock fight, to
tilt; to push, to drive, tojustle.
JUSTICE, JQs-tis, s. 142. The virtue by which we
give to every man what is his due ; vindicative rettibu-
KAY
292
KER
5.59. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fit 81_m£ 9S,m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — ui 162, move 164,
tion, punishment; right, assertion of right: one de-
puted by the king to do right by way of judgment.
JUSTICEMENT, jQs-tis-in£llt, f. Procedure in
courts.
JUSTICESHIP, j&s-tis-slilp, t. Rank or office of
justice.
JUSTICIABLE, j&s^tisbie-l-bl, adj. 542. Proper to
be examined in courts of justice.
JUSTICIARY, jis-tishie-Ar-4, s. One that adminis-
ters justice.
JUSTIFIABLE, j&s£ti.fi-a-bl, adj. 405. Defensi-
ble by law or reason, conformable to justice.
JuSTIFL^BLENESS, j6s-te-fi-a-bl- n£s, i. Rectitude,
, possibility of being fairly defended.
JUSTIFIABLY, jusit£-fi-a-bld, adv. Rightly, so as
to be supported by right.
JUSTIFICATION, j&s-t^-te-ka^shun, *. pefence,
mi'ntenaiice, vindication, support ; deliverance by par-
don from sins past.
JUSTIFICATIVE, j&s-tlW-ki-tlv, adj. Justifying;
serving to justify or prove.
Jrt> 1 know not if I am excusable for inserting this
wont, which has not as yet found its way into any other
Dictionary ; but the frequency of seeing U»e French 2Vc«
Justificatires seems to have familiarized it to our cars,
and to invite us to the adoption of it. The distance of
the accent from the end of the word can be no objection
to an English speaker, who has so many similar words,
such as significative, purificative, &c. and as we have no
single word that will exactly stand in its place, it seems to
have a better right to admission than many other words
which are found no where but in a Dictionary. — See Prin-
ciples, No. 512.
JUSTIFICATOR, j&s-te*-f<£-ka't{ir, s. 521. One
who supports, defends, vindicates, or justifies.
JUSTIFIER, jis^td-fi-Ar, *. 98. One who defends
or absolves.
To JUSTIFY, j&siti-fl, v. a. 183. To dear from
imputed guilt, to absolve from an accusation ; to main-
tain, to defend, to vindicate; to free from past sins by
pardon.
To JUSTLE, j&sisl, V. It. 405. 472. To encoun-
ter, to clash, to rush against each other.
To JUSTLE, jis^sl, v. a. 405. To push, to drive,
to force by rushing against.
Jr.'STLY, justil4, ado. Uprightly, honestly, in a
just manner; properly, exactly, accurately.
JUSTNESS, just-n6s, s. Justice, reasonableness,
quity ; accuracy, exactness, propriety.
To JUT, j&t, v. n. To push or shoot into promi-
nences, to come out beyond the main bulk.
To JuTTY, j6tit«^, v. a. To shoot out beyond.
JUVENILE, jb-v£-iill, adj. 145. Young, youthful.
jj^» Dr. Kenriek, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Perry, pronounce
the i short in the last syllabic of this word; and Mr. She-
ridan, Mr. Buchanan, and W. Johnston, make it long.
The former mode is, in my opinion, the more correct.
If it should be urged that the i is long in the Latin Jure-
ttilis, it may be answered, that the same letter is long in
the Latin Hosti is, ServiKi, and SuLtilii, and yet the i
in Hostile, Strviie, and SultUe, is by Mr. Sheridan mark
ed short.
JUVENILITY, jh-v£-nlW-ti*, *. Youthfulness.
JUXTAPOSITION, j&ks-ta-po-zishiAn, s. Appos
tion, the state of being placed by each other.
K.
K ALENBAR, kaWn-d&r, «. 98. An aocoun
of time.
KALI, ki-ie, *. Sea-weed, of thv ashes of which
glass is made ; whence the word Alkali.
K AM, kirn, adj. A word in Erse, signifying crook
ed.
To KAW, klw, V.H. Xo cry as a raven, crow, or
rook.
KAW, kaw, s. The cry of a raven or crow.
K.AYLE, kale, «. Kinepin, Itettlepin* ; tine holes.
To KECK, k4k. v. n. To heave the stomach, t*
reach at vomiting.
To KECKLE, a cable, kek-kl, v. a. To defei.d a
cable round with rope.
£ECKSY, k^k-se, s. It is used in Staffordshire both
for hemlock and any other hollow-jointed plant.
£ECKY, k£k-k<*, adj. Resembling a kex.
iElXJEB, k^d-j&r, S. A small anchor used in a
river.
\EULACK, k^drl&k, S- A weed that grows among
com, charlock.
k&M, * 246. The bottom of a ship.
, k^l-vit, t. A cooler, a tub in wnicn
liquor is let to cool. Properly Keelvat.
KEELSON, k^l-s&n, *. The next piece of timber
in a ship to her keel.
To KEKLHALH, k&iWiale, v. a. To punish in the
seamen's way, by dragging the criminal under water on
one side of the ship, and up agajn on the other.
£j- This word is more generally, though less proper-
y, -pronounced keclhauU. — ice To Hale.
K.EEN, k^en, adj. 246. Sharp, well- edged; severe,
piercing; eager, vehement; acrimonious; bitter of
mind.
KEENLY, kWn-l£, adv. Sharply, vehemently.
KEENNESS, ke£n-n£s, S. Sharpness, edge ; rigour
of weather, piercing cold ; asperity, bitterness of mind ;
eagerness, vehemence.
To KEEP, k£ep, v. a. 246. To retain ; to have
in custody ; to pieserve in a state of security ; to pro-
tect, to guard, to detain ; to hold for another ; to re-
serve, to conceal; to tend; to preserve in the same
tenor or state ; to hold in any state ; to retain by some
degree or force in any place or state; to continue any
state or action; to observe any time ; to maintain, to
support with necessaries of life ; to have iii the house;
to maintain, to lipld ; to remain in ; not to leave a
place ; not to reveal, not to betray ; to restrain, to with-
held ; to keep back, to reserve, tq "withhold ; to restrain ;
to keep company,11 to frequent any one ; to accompany ;
to keep company with, to have familiar intercourse ; to
keep in, toooneeal, uot to tell; to restrain, to curb ; to
keep off, to bear to distance ; to hinder ; to keep up, to
maintain without abatement; to continue, to hindei
from ceasing ; to keep under, to oppress, to subdue.
To KEEP, k^p, v. n. To remain by some labour
or effort in a certain state ; to continue in any place
or state, to stay; to lemain unhurt, to last; to dwell,
• to live constantly ; to adhere strictly ; to keep on, to go
forward ; to keep up, to continue undismayed.
KEEPER, ke^p-ir, s. 98. One who holds any thing
for the use of another ; one who has prisoners in cus-
tody; one who has the care of parks, or beasts of
chase ; one that has the superintendence or care of any
thing.
KEE?EKSHIP, ke^p^lr-slilp, i. Office of a keeper.
KEG, vulgarly, klg, properly, k£^, *. A small
barrel, commonly u-ed tor a fish barrel.
KELL, k€l, s. The omentum, that which enwraps
the guts.
KELP, k£lp, *. A salt produced from calcined sea-
weed.
KELSON, k^Usfin, s. 166. The wood next the keel.
|t^- A very accurate philologist has informed me, that
this word is pronounced regularly in the north-west of
England, KetUen; but the very general practice of short-
ening the vowel of tli£ primitive in the compound may
justly make us suspect, that in other parts of the king-
dom it is otherwise. 515.
To KEMB, k£mb, v. a. To comb, to disentangle
the nair. Obsolete.
To KEN, k£n, e. a. To sec at a distance, to descry ;
to know.
KEN, k£n, s. View, reach of sight.
KENNEL, k^n^till, s. 99. A cot for dogs ; a num-
ber of dogs kept in a kennel ; the hole of a fox, uruihcr
beast ; the water-cc >urse of a street.
To KENNEL, k6nin.ll, v. n. To lie, to dwell ; u»e4
of beasts, and of man in contempt.
KEPT, k^pt, pret. and ;vir<. pass, of Keep.
KEUCHIEF, k£i-tshif, *. A ij*ad-are<i«
KIL
KIT
tior lf>?, not 163— tfcbe 171, lib 172, bill 173 — ill 299— pound 313 — </iin 466— Tills 469.
KERCHIEFED,'
KERCHIEFT,
k£r-tsh!ft, attf. Dressed, hooded.
^r- These words show the propensity diphthongs have
to drop a vowel when not under the accent. 208.
KERMES, k£r-m^z, j. A substance heretofore sup-
posed to be a vegetable excrescence, but now found to
be the body of a female animal, containing a numerous
offspring
KERN, k£rn, s. An Irish foot soldier.
To KERN, k£rn, v. n. To harden as ripened corn ;
to take the form of grains, to granulate.
KERNEL, kerinil, s. 99. The edible substance
contained in a shell ; any thing included ir. a shell : any
thing included in a husk or integument; the seeds of
pulpy fruits ; a gland ; knobby concretions in children's
tle.-h!
KERNELLY, k£r-nll-£, adj. Full of kernels, hav-
ing the quality or resemblance of kernels.
KERNELWORT, kliffcil-wftrt, s. An herb.
KERSEY, k£r^z£, s. Coarse stuff.
KESTREL, ke&rll, s. 99. A little kind of bastard
hawk.
KETCH, k£tsh, 5. A heavy ship.
KETTLE, k£t-tl, S. 405. A vessel in which liquor
is boiled.
KETTLEDRUM, k<k-tl-dr&m, s. A drum, of which
the head is spread over a body of brass.
KEX, kC'ks, S. The same as Kccksy.
KEY, ke, s. 269- An instrument formed with cavi-
ties correspondent to the wards of a lock ; an instru-
ment by which something is screwed or turned ; an ex-
lanalion of any thing difficult; the parts of a musical
istrument which are struck with the fingers; in mu-
sick, is a certain tone whereto every composition, whe-
KlLLER, kil-l&r, *. One that deprives of life.
KlLLOW, kil-16, s. 327. An earth of a blackish or
deep blue colour.
KlLN, kll, s. 411. A stove, a fabrick formed for
admitting heat in order to dry or burn things.
To KlLNDRY, kll'drl, t>. a. To dry by means of a
kiln.
KlMBO, klm-b6, adj. Crooked, bent, arched.
is word is generally used with the a before it,
plana!
instru
ther long or short, ought to be fitted.
KEY, kti, s. 220. A bank raised perpendicular for
the ease of lading and unlading ships.
KEYAGE, k£idje, s. 90. Money paid for lying at
the key.
KEYHOLE, k<*-hAle, «. The perforation in the
door or lock through which the key is put.
KEYSTONE, kc-stone, s. The middle stone of an
arch.
KIBE, kyibe, s.
An ulcerated chilblain, a chap in
the heel. — See Guard.
KlBED, kyibd, adj. 359. Troubled with kibes.
To KICK, kik, v. a. To strike with the foot.
KICK, kik, s. A blow with the foot
KlCKER, klkik&r, *. 98. One who strikes with
his foot.
KICKING, kikMtlnj
with the foot.
S. 410. The act of striking
KlCKSHAW, kik-shaw, s. Something uncommon or
fantastical, something ridiculous ; a dish so changed by
the cookery that it can scarcely be known. Probably a
corruption of the French word QueUjuechose.
KlD, kid, s. The young of a goat ; a bundle of
heath or furze.
To KlD, kid, v. a. To bring forth kid*.
KlDDEH, kid^dfrr, s. 98. An engrosser of corn to
enhance its price.
To KlDNAF, kid-nip, v. a. To steal children, to
steal human beings.
KIDNAPPER, kldinip-pir, t One who steals hu-
man beings.
KlUS'EY, kld-n£, s. One of the two glands that se-
parate the urine from the blood ; race, kind, in ludi-
crous language.
KlDNEYBEAN, kidin<i-b(*ne, s. A kind of pulse
in the shape of a kidney.
KlDNEYVETCH, kid-llt*-vetsh,
KlDNEYWORT, kld-n£-wurt,
KILDERKIN, kll£d£r-kin, s. A small barrel.
To KlLL, kll, V. a. To deprive of life, to put to
death, to murder ; to destroy animals for food ; to de-
prive of vegetative life.
as, he stood with his arms akimbo.
KlN, kin, i. Relation either of consanguinity or af-
finity ; relatives, those who are of the same race ; a re-
lation, one related ; the same generical class.
KIND, kylnd, adj. 160. Benevolent, filled with ge-
neral good-will ; favourable, beneficent. — See Guilt.
KIND, kylnd, S. 92. Race, general class ; particu-
lar nature; natural state; nature, natural determina-
tion ; manner, way ; sort.
To KINDLE, kin-dl, v. a. To set on fire, to light,
to make to bum ; to inflame the passions, to exasper-
ate, to animate.
To KINDLE, kin-dl, v. n. 405. To catch fire.
Kl.VDLER, kin-dl-Cir, s. 98. One that lights, one
who inflames.
KINDLY, kyind£l<*, adv. Benevolently, favourably,
with good will.
KlNDLY, kylnd-li, adj. Congenial, kindred ; bland,
mild, softening.
KINDNESS, kyind-n£s, *. Benevolence, beneficence,
good-will, favour, love.
KINDRED, klrAirdd, s. Relation by birth or mar-
riage, affinity ; relation, suit; relatives.
KlNDIlED, klnidr£d, adj. Congenial, related.
KlNE, kylne, s. Plural from Cow. Obsolete.
KlNG, king, s. Monarch, supreme governor ; a card
with the picture of a king ; a principal herald.
To KlNG, king, v. a. To supply with a king ; to
make royal, to raise to royalty.
KlNGAPPLE, klng-ip-pi, s. A kind of apple.
KINGCRAFT, king-krift, s. The act of governing,
the art of governing.
KINGCUP, klng-kSp, s. A flower.
KINGDOM, klng^d&m, s. 166. The dominion of a
king, the territories subject to a monarch ; a different
class or order of beings ; a region, a tract.
KINGFISHER, klng-flsh-u\r, i. A species of bird.
KINGLIKE, klngiilke, 7 >•
,1 /.? f adj. Royal, sovereign.
KINGLY, kiug-14, \ J
monarchical; belonging to a king; noble, august.
KlNGLY, king-Id, adv. With an air of royalty,
with superior dignity.
KlNGSEVIL, kingz-^i-vl, *. A scrofulous distemper,
in which the glands are ulcerated, commonly believed
to be cured by the touch of the king.
KlNGSHIP, king-ship, & Royalty, monarchy.
KlNGSPEAR, king^sp^re, s. A plant.
KlNGSTONE, klngistone, s A fish.
KINSFOLK, klnz'foke, s. Relations, those who ar«
of the same family. — See Fo!k.
KINSMAN, klnz-min, t. 88. A man of the same
race or family.
KINSWOMAN, klnziwum-fin, *. A female relation.
KINSWOMEN, klnz-wlm-min, *. The plural of the
above.
KlRK, k£rk, s. An old word for a church, yet re-
tained in Scotland.
KlRTLE, ker-tl, s. 4O5. An upper garment, a gown.
To Kiss, ki.s, f. «. To touch with the lips ; to treat
with fondness ; to touch gently.
KlSS, kis, s. Salute given by joining lips.
KlSSINGCRUST, kis^sing-krust, s. Crust formed
where one loaf in the oven touches another.
KlT, kit, 5. A large bottle ; a small diminutive tui-
dle ; a small wooden vessel
2 I
KNE
29*
K1SO
559. File 73, fir 77, fill &3, fitt 81 — me 93, nj£t 95 — pine 1O5, pin 107 — 116 162, mive 16-1,
KITCHEN, kltsh'In, s. 103. The room in a house
where the provisions are cooked.
KlTCHENGARDEN, khsliilii-gar-dn, ». Garden
in which esculent plants are produced.
KlTCHENMAID, kltshitn-mAde, s. A cookmaid1.
KlTCHENSTUFF, kltsh-ln-st&f, >. The fat of meat
scummed off the pot, or gathered out of the dripping-
pan.
KlTCHENWENCH, Mtshiin-wlYlsh, *. Scullion,
maid employed to clean the instruments of cookery.
KlTCHKNWORK, kltsWln-wurk, 5. tooSery, work
done in the kitchen.
KlTE, kyite, *. 160. A bird of prey that infests
the farms, and ;-teals the chickens; a name of reproach
denoting rapacity ; a fictitious bird made of paper. —
SeeGttOfc
KlTESFOOT, kjltesif&f, 5. A plant!.
KlTTEN, kh-tn, *. 103. A young cat.
To KlTTEN, kk^n, v . n. To bring forth young
cats.
To KLICK, kfik, r. n. To make a small sharp
noise like a clock.
To KNAB, nab, t>. a. 399. To bite, to eateh. A
vulgar word.
KNACK, nak, *. 3-991. A Kttle machine, a petty con-
trivance, a toy ; a readiness, an habitual facility, a
lucky dexterity ; a nice trick.
KNAG, nag, s. 399. A hard knot in wood.
KNAP, n£p> *. 399. A protuberance, a swelling
prominence.
To KNAP, nap, v. a. To bite, to break short ; to
strike so as to make a sharp noise like that of breaking.
To KNAFPLE, nap^pl, v. n. 4O5. To break off
with a sharp quick noise.
KNAPSACK, nap^sik, s. The bag which a soldier
<»rries on his back, a bag of provisions.
KNAPWEED, nap-weed, s. A pfant.
KNARE, nan.-, & A hard knot, from the German
word Knor.
KNAVE, nave, *. 399. A boy, a male child ; a-
a servant ; in these senses the word is obsolete. A pet-
ty rascal, a scoundrel ; a card with a soldier painted on it.
KNAVERY, na-v&r £, f. 557. Dishonesty, tricks,
petty villany ; mischievous tricks or practices.
KNAVISH, na-vlsh, adj. Dishonest, wicked, fraudu-
lent; waggish, mischievous.
KNAVISHLY, naivlsh-14, adv. Dishonestly, fraudu-
lently ; waggishly, mischievously.
To KNEAD, ne^d, t. a. 227. To beat or mingle
any stuff or substance.
KNEADINGTROUGH, neediing-tror', «. A trough
in which the paste of bread is worked together.
KNEE, nee, ». S99. Th* joint of the leg where the
leg is joined to the thigh ; a knee is a piece of timber
KNIFE, nlfe, *. plvr. Knives, 399. An instru-
ment edged antf pointed, wherewith meat is cut.
KNIGHT, nrte, A. 399. A man advanced to a cer-
tain decree of military ranR ; the rank of gentlemen
next to baronets ; a man of some particular order of
knighthood; a representative of a county hi parUa
ment ; a champion.
KNJGHT-ERRANT, nke-£rirant, i. A wandering
knight. — See Krrattt.
KNIGHT-ERRANTRY, nhe-£rirant-r<l, 5. The
character or manners of wandering knights.
To KNIGHT, nhe, r. a. To create tn-e a knight.
KNIGHTLY, nite-le, adj. Befitting a knight, be^
seeming a knight.
KNIGHTHOOD, nlte-rmd, *. The character or dig-
nity of a knight.
To KNIT, Bit, v. a. jn-eter. Knit or Knitted. To
make or unite by texture without the loom ; to tie ; to
join, to unite ; to contract ; to tie up.
To KNIT, nit, r. ». 399. To weave without a
loom; to join, to close, to unite.
KNITTER, nlt-tfir, s. 98. Orit who weans or knits
KNITTINGNEEDLE, nit-dng-nee-dl, *. A wire
which women use in knitting.
Ks'OR, nflb, y. S'9'9'. A protuberance, any part
bluntly rising above the rest.
KNOBBED, nibd, adj. 359- Set with knobs, having
protuberances.
KNOBBINESS,
ing knobs or protuberances.
* The quality of har-
To KNOCK, n6k, r. n. 399. To clash, to be driven
suddenly together; to beat, as at a door for admittance ;
to Knock under, a rommcn expression, which denote*
that a man yields or submits.
To KNOCK, n5k, v. a. To affect or change in any
respect by blows ; to dash together, to sirike, to col-
lide with a sharp noise •, to knock down, to tell by a
blow ; to knock on the head, to kill bj a blow, to de-
stroy.
KNOCK, nuk, s. A sodden stiokf, a blow; a loud
stroke at a door for admission.
KNOCKER, noki-kir, s. 98. He that knocks ; the
hammer which hangs at the door for strangers to strike.
To KNOLL, nAle, ««. o. 399. 406. To ring the
bell, generally for a funeral.
To KNOLL, n61e, v. n. To sound as a belL
KNOT, nftt, s. 399. A' complication of a cord or
string not easily to be disentangled ; any figure of which
the lines frequently intersect each other ; any bond of
association or union ; a hard part in a piece of wood ;
a confederacy, an association, a- small band ; difficulty,
intricacy ; an intrigue, or difficult perplexity of affairs ;
a cluster, a collection.
To KNOT, nit, v. a. To complicate in knots ; to
entangle, to perplex ; to> unite.
To KNOT, nit, v. n. To form buds, knots, or
growing crooked, and 30 cut that the trunk and branch joints in vegetation ; to knit knots for fiinges.
make an angle. K.NOTBERRYBUSH, ll6tM>er.re bush, * A plant.
7o KNEE, nW, „. a. To s0pphcate by kneeling. KNOTG n&{i a ,. A ,ant.
KNEED, need, ai'.j. Having knees, as in-kneed : v „„ \.».v5 r ^ ,, f ,
having joints, as kneed grass, I KNOTTED, n6t-ted, adj. Full of knots.
KNEF.DEEP, n^ideep, adj. Rising to the knees, KNOTTINESS, n&t-te-nes, s- Fulness of knots, un-
evenness, intricacy.
Full of knots ; hard, rug-
sunk to the knees.
KNT.EPAN, n^-pan, ». The smart convex bone on
evenness, intricacy.
KNOTTY, notite,
the articulation of the knee, which serves as a pully to
the tendon of the muscle that moves the leg.
To KNEEL, neel, v. n. 399. To bend the knee,
to rest on the knee.
KNEETRIBUTE, neeitrlb-fite, s. Worship or obeis-
ance shown by kneeling.
KNEL, nel, s. 399. The sound of a bell rang at a
funeral.
fcf I know not why Dr. Johnson has chosen to spell
this word with but one /, except from its derivation from KNOWER, no-ur, s. 98. One who has skill or kiunv-
the Welch Cnil ; this, however, is but a poor reason for < ledge.
civwi'to"/^ I*1 amU ^•he*%nfdjTha°fulSun'ti*e 'or ™b I KNOWJNG> n ^ng. adj. 4 1 0. Skilful, well instruct-
ive privilege' of duplication.— See Introduction to "the ,.ed: conscious, intelligent.
Hhyming Dictionary, page viii. i KNOWINGLY, no-ittg-le, adv. With skill, with
ged ; intricate, perplexed, difficult, embarrassed.
To KNOW, n6, v. a. jrret. I knew, 1 have known.
To perceive wiih certainty, to be informed of, to be
taught ; to distinguish ; to recognize ; to be no stranger
to ; to converse with another sex.
To KNOW, n&, r. n. 399. To have clear and cer-
, adj. Possible to be discover*
or understood.
KNEW, nil, 399. The preterit of Know.
knowledge.
LAB 295 LAD
n3r lfi-% nSt 163— tfcbe 171, tfib 172, bill 173 — 511 299— pifind 313— th'm 466— TH!« 469.
mplc without alteration in the compound, is certain-
lesirable thing in language; but when the general
KNOWLEDGE, nftl-l£dje, or nW£dje, *. Certain
perception; learning, illumination of the mind; skill
In any thing; acquaintance with any fact or person;
cogni/^nee, notice ; information, power of knowing.
}£§- Scarcely any word has occasioned more alterca-
tion among verbal critics than this. A great appearance
of propriety seems to favour the second pronunciation,
till we observe a great number of similar words, where
the long vowel in the simple is shortened in the com-
pound, and then we perceive something like an idiom of
pronunciation, which, to correct, would, in some mea-
sure, obstruct the current of the language. To preserve
the si i '
time of the language, as it may' be called, crosses tfiis ana-
logv, we may depend on the rectitude of general custom,
and" ought to acquiesce in it. That the secondary accent
shortens the vowel which was long in the original, ap-
pears throughout the language, in proclamation, provo-
cation, &c. 530. That the primary accent does the same
in preface, prelate, prelude, &c. is evident ; and as ledge
is no general termination of our own, which is applicable
to several words, why should we not consider knowledge
as a simple, and pronounce it independently on its origi-
nal quantity ? The patrons for the first pronunciation
are, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, Mr. Barclay,
Mr. Elphinston, and Mr. Scott; and for the second, W.
Johnston, and Mr. Buchanan. Mr. Perry gives both,
but seems to allow the first the preference. — See Princi-
ples, No. 328. 515.
KNUCKLE, nfikikl, i. 399. 405. The joints of
the fingers protuberant when the fingers close ; the
knee joint of a calf ; the articulation or joint of a plaut.
Ti KNUCKLE, n&kikl, v. n. To submit.
KNUCKLED, n&k-kld, adj. 359. Jointed.
L.
1 jA, law, interject See, look, behold.
LABDANt'M, lat&ia-n&m, *. A lesinof the softer
kind. This juice exudates from a low-spreading shrub,
of the cistus kind, in Crete.
LABK.L. la-b£l, *. A small slip or scrip of writing ;
any thing appendant to a larger writing; a small plate
hung on the necks of bottles to distinguish the several
sorts of wines ; in law, a narrow slip of paper or parch-
ment affixed to a deed or writing, in order to hold the
• appending seal.
LABENT, la-blnt, adj. Sliding, gliding, slipping.
LABIAL, la-b<*-al, adj. 113. Uttered by the lips;
belonging to the lips.
LABIATED, Ia-be-a-t5d, adj. Formed with lips.
LABIODENTAL, la-b£-A-d£n'tal, adj. Formed or
pronounced by the. co-operation of the lips and teeth.
LABORATORY, lab-bo-ra-t&r-£,s. 512 Achymist's
workroom. — For the last o, see Domesticlc.
LABORIOUS, la-boi-r£-&s, adj. Diligent in work,
assiduous ; requiring labour, tiresome, not easy. '
LABORIOUSLY, li-biirti-&s-l£, adv. With labour,
with toil.
LABORIOUSNESS, la-bAir£-&s-n£s, t. Toilsome-
ness, difficulty; diligence, assiduity.
LABOUR, la-b&r, s. 314. The act of doing what
requires a painful exertion of strength, pains, toil ;
work to be done ; childbirth, travail.
To LABOUR, la-b&r, v. n. To toil, to act with
painful effort : to do work, to take pains ; to move with
diificulty; to be diseased with ; to be in distress, to be
pressed ; to be in childbirth, to be in travail.
To LABOUR, la-bftr, v. a. To work at, to move
with difficulty; to beat, to belabour.
LABOURER, la-b&r-Cir, s. 557. One who is em-
ployed in coarse and toilsome work ; one who takes
pains in any employment.
LABOURSOME, la'b&r-s&m, adj. Made with great
labour and diligence.
LABRA, laibra, s. 92. A lip.
LABYRINTH, lab-ber-ln//«, *. A maze, a place
formed with inextricable windings.
LACE, lase, t. A string, a cord ; a snare, a gin ; a
platted string with which women fasten their clothes;
ornaments of fine thread curiously woven ; textures of
thread with gold and silver.
To LACE, lase, v. a. To fasten with a string run
through eyelet holes ; to adorn with gold or silver tex-
tures se» ed on ; to embellish with variegations ; to beat.
LACEMAN, last-man, 5. 88. One who deals in
lace.
LACERABLE, las^s^r-a-bl, adj. 405. Such as may
be torn.
To LACERATE, las^s^r-ate, v. a. 91. To tear, to
rend.
LACERATION, las-s£r-a'sh&n, .». The act of tear-
ing or rending; the breach made by tearing.
LACERATIVE, las^s^r-a-tlv, adj. 512. Tearing,
having the power to tear.
LACHRYMAL, Jakikr^-mal, adj. 353. General-
ing tears.
LACHRVMARY, lak'kr£-ma-re, adj. Containing
tears.
LACHRYMATION, lak-kr£-ma-sh&n, *. The act
of weeping or shedding tears.
LACHRYMATORY, lakikr<*-ma-t&r-£, «. 512. A
vessel in which tears are gathered to the honour of the
dead. — For the o, see Domestick.
To LACK, lak, v. a. To want, to need, to be
without.
To LACK, lak, v. n. To be in want ; to be wanting.
LACK, lak, s. Want, need, failure.
LACKBRAIN, lak-brane, s. One that wants wit
LACKER, lik-k&r, s. 98. A kind of varnish.
To LACKER, lak-k&r, v. a. To do over with lacker
LACKEY, lak-ku-, s. An attending servant, a foot-
boy.
To L.ACKEY, lak-ki, v. a. To attend servilely.
To LACKEY, lak^k^, v. n. To act as a foot- boy,
to pay servile attendance.
LACKHNEN, lakUin-nin, adj. 99- Wanting shirts.
LACKLUSTRE, laW&s-t&r, adj. 416. Wanting
brightness.
LACONICK, la-konMk, adj. 509. Short, brief.
Jt5" This word is derived from iMcotes, the Spartans,
who inhabited the province of Lacunia, iu Peloponnesus,
and were remarkable for using tew words.
LACONISM, lak-ko-nlam, *. A concise style ; a
short, pithy expression, after the manner of the Lace-
demonians.
LACONICALLY, la-k6nin£-kal-£, adv. Briefly,
concisely.
LACTARY, lakita-r£, adj. 512. Milky.
LACTARY, lak'ta-r^, s. A dairy house.
LACTATION, llk-ta-sh&n, *. The act or time of
giving suck.
LACTEAL, lAk^-il, or lak-tsh^-al, adj. 464.
Conveying clnle.
LACTEAL, lak-t£-al, or lakUsh^-al, *. The ves-
sel that conveys chyle.
LACTEOUS, laki-tti-fts, or laki-tsht* &s, adj. Milky ;
lacteal, conveying chyle.
LACTESCENCE, lak-t£s£s£nse, *. 510. Tendency
to milk.
LACTESCENT, Iak-t5s-s£nt, adj. Producing milk.
LACTIFEROUS, lik-tlf^r-iis, adj. 518. Convey-
ing or bringing milk.
LAD, lad, *. A boy, a stripling.
LADDER, lad^d&r, s. 98. A frame made with steps
placet! between two upright pieces ; any thing by which
one climbs ; a gradual rise.
LADE, lade, s. 75. 75. The mouth of a river, from
the Saxon lade, which signifies a purging or discharging.
To LADE, 14de, v. a. 75. To load, to freight, to
burden ; to heave out, to throw out.
LADING, la-ding, s 41O. Weight, burden, freight.
LADLE, la'dl, i. 405. A large spoon, a vessel with
LAM
LAN
5S9. FAte 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, move
Y-BIRD, la-de-bimt, 7 fc A small ^
lY-COW, la-de-kou, V inject of the t>
Y-FLY, laide-fll, 3 kind.
tiful
beetle
a long handle used in throwing out anv liquid ; the re-
ceptacles of a mill wheel, into which the water falling,
tuins it.
LADY, la-<!e, s. 1 82. A woman of high rank ; the
title of lady properly belongs to the wives of Knights,
of all degrees above them, and to the daughters of Earls,
and all < f higher ranks; a word of complaisance used
of women.
LADY-BEDSTRAW, laidt*-b&Ustraw, *. A plant
LADY-BIRD, laide-burd,
LADY
LADY
LADY-DAY, Ia-d4-da, *. The day on which the
annunciation of the Blessed Virgin is celebrated, the
25th of March.
LADY-IJKE, laidi-llke, adj. Soft, delicate, ele-
gant.
LADY-MANTLE, laid<*-manitl, ». A plant.
LADYSHIP, la-d^-shlp, «. The title of a lady.
LADY'S SLIPPER, la^dlz-sllpipftr, s. A flower.
LADV'S-SMOCK, laidlz-sinik, *. A flower.
LAG, lag, mdj. Coming behind, falling short; slug-
gish, slow, tardy ; last, long delayed.
LAG, lag, *. The lowest class, the rump, the fag
end ; he that comes last, or hangs behind.
To LAG, lag, v. n. To loiter, to move slowly ; to
stay behind, not to come in.
LAGGER, la^-g&r, *. 98. A loiterer ; an idler.
LAICAL, la^-kal, adj. Belonging to the laity, or
people, as distinct from the clergy.
LAID, lade, 202. 222. part, pass, of Lay.
LAIN, lane, 202. part pass, of Lie.
LAIR, lare, s. 202. The couch of a boar, or wild
beast.
LAIRD, lard, *. 202. The lord of a manor, in the
Scottish dialect.
LAITY, Iai4-t^, S. The people as distinguished from
tlie clergy ; the state of a layman.
LAKE, lake, s. A large diffusion of inland water;
a small plash of writer ; a middle colour betwixt ultra-
marine and vermilion.
LAMB, lam, s. 847. The young of a sheep ; typi-
cally, the Saviour of the world.
LAMBKIN, lambkin, s. A little lamb.
LAMBATIVE, lain-bl-tiv, adj. 157. Taken by
licking.
LAMBATIVE! lam-ba-tiv, s. A medicine taken by
licking with the tongue.
LAMBS-WOOL, Umsiwul, j. Ale mixed with the
pulp of roasted apples.
%*?' Mr. Elphinston has a no less strange than whimsi-
cal derivation of this word from an old French substan-
tive le moutt, " That the verb must should ever have
been Scottishly man, (as, ye man doo'd, for, yt mutt do
it,) seems indeed as surprising, as that the old le moust
(now mout) the noun tnust, should ever have Englishly
run into lamb's wool, which beats far the change of Aspai-
ag-as into Sparrowgrtat, or the elegant as elliptical grass."
Such a derivation, perhaps, is not impossible: but I
should think the more natural, as well as the more easy
one, is the resemblance of the soft pulp of an apple to the
wool of a lamb. — See A»parag)is, and the noun Must.
LAMBENT, lamMj^nt, adj. Playing about, gliding
over without harm.
LAMDOIDAL, lam dold-dal, adj. Having the form
c f the Greek letter Lamda or A-
LAME, lame, adj. Crippled, disabled in the limbs ;
hobbling, not smooth, alluding to the feet of a verse ;
imperfect, unsatisfactory.
To LAME, lame, v. a. To cripple.
LA.MELLATED, lamimSl a-t^d, adj. Covered with
films or plates.
LAMELY, lameili, adv. Like a cripple, without
natural force or activity ; imperfectly.
LAMENESS, lamein£s, s. The state of a cripple,
low or inability of limbs ; imperfection, weakness.
To LAMENT, lil-me^nt,' v. n. To mourn, to wail,
b/ grieve, to express sorrow.
To LAMENT, la m£nt,' v. a. To bewail, mourn of
bemoan, to sorrow for.
LAMENT, la-m£iit,' s. Sorrow audibly expressed,
lamentation ; expression of sorrow.
LAMENTABLE, lain-m£n-ta-bl, adj. To be lament-
ed, causing sorrow; mournful, expressing sorrow , mi-
serable, in a ludicrous or low sense, pitiful. — See lit-
comparable.
LAMENTABLY, lim-men-tA- bit*, adv. With ex-
pressions or tokens of sorrow ; so as to cause sorrow ;
pitifully, despicably.
LAMENTATION, Iam-m£n-ta'sh6n, s. 527. 530.
Expression of sorrow, audible grief.
LAMENTER, la-m£nt-&r, s. 98. He who mcumt
or laments.
LAMENTINE, lim'm£n-tine, s. 149. A rash call-
ed a sea cow or manatee.
LAMINA, lamime-nA, *. Thin plate, one coat laid
over another.
Jt^- This word, from Its derivation from the Latin,
audits similar form to Stamina, may by some be mistaken
for a plural, as Stamina is often for a singular; but it
must be observed, that Lamina is a noun singular of the
first declension ; and that if we speak learnedly, we ought
to form the plural by lamina ; but that if we descend to
plain Knglish, it ought to be Luminas — See Animalcule
and Stamina.
LAMINATED, lam£meUna-te:d, adj. Plated ; used
of such bodies whose contexture discovers such 2 dispo-
sition as that of plates lying over one another.
To LAMM, lam, v. a. To beat soundly with a cuJ-
gel. A low word.
LAMMAS, lamimas, s. 88. The first of August.
LAMP, limp, *. A light made with oil and a wirk ;
that which contains the oil and wick ; in poetical lan-
guage, real or metaphorical light.
LAMPASS, lam-pis, s. A lump of flesh, about the
bigness of a nut, in the roof of a horse's mouth.
LAMPBLACK, lampMdak, s. It is made by holding
a torch under the bottom of a bason, and as it is furred
striking it with a feather into some shell.
LAMPOON, Iam-p66n,' s. A personal satire, abuse,
censure, written not to reform but to vex.
To LAMPOON, Iam-p6&n,' v. a. To abuse with
personal satire.
LAMPOONER, 15m-p66nifir, *. 98. A scribbler of
personal satire.
LAMPKEY, llmipre!, *. A kind of eel.
LAMPHON, lam-prbn, *. 166. A kind of sea fish ;
a lung eel.
LANCE, lanse, *. 78, 79. A long spear.
To LANCE, lanso, v. a. To pierce, to cut ; to open
chirurgically, to cut in order to a cure.
LANCET, lanislt, s. 99. A small pointed chirurgi-
cal instrument.
To LANCH, llnsh, v. a. (This word, says Dr.
Johnson, is too often written Launch, and is oiily a vo-
cal corruption of lance.} To dart, to cast as a lance.
LANTINATION, lin-si-ruU-shfrn, s. Tearing, lacer-
ation.
To LANCINATE, lan£s<*-nate, v. a. 91. To tear,
to rend.
LAND, lind, s. A country j a region, distinct from
other countries ; earth, distinct from water; ground,
surface of the place ; an estate real and immo\eable ;
nation, people.
To LAND, lind, v. a. To »et on shore.
To LAND, lind, v. n. To come on shore.
LANDAU, lin-ddw/ s. A coach whose top may re
casioiially open.
LANU-FOKCES, land-f&r-sdz, «. Power» not naval,
soldiers that serve on land.
LANDED, l.\r.-diM, adj. Having a fortune in land.
LANDFALL, li' d-fall, s. 406. A su* den translation
of property in land bv the death of a rich man.
LANDFLOOD, lanrl'flud, S. Inundation.
LANDHOLUKK, ItUid-hil-dir, t. OD« v,hc*c foi-
tune is in land.
LAN
-97
LAR
r*5r \r,7, n^t 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bull 173— oil 299 — pound 313— thin 466— THIS 469.
LANDJOBBER, Iund-j6b-bur, *. One who buys and nothing of Die derivation of the word from the Latin
L:inlc»ia, that this was its true etymology. — See Aspa-
ragus.
A Gorman title of
sells land for other men.
LANDGRAVE, luud-giave,
dominion.
LANDING, land-ing, 410. 7 t. The top
LANDING-PLACE, land-Ing-plase, £ of stairs.
LANDLADY, lund-la-d£, s. A woman who has
tenants holding of her; the mistress of an inn.
LANDLESS, land-l^s, adj. Without property, with-
out fortune.
LANDLOCKED, land^likt, ad). 359. Shut in, or
enclosed with land.
LANDLOPER, lund-16-pur, *. 98. A landman ; a
term of reproach used by seamen, of those who pass
their lives on shore.
{{5" Thb word is improved by seamen into the more
intelligible word Landlubber.
LANDLORD, land-lord, s. 88. One who owns land
or house^ ; the master of an inn.
LANDMARK, landimark, s. Any thing set up to
preserve boundaries.
LANDSCAPE, land-skape, s. A region, the pros-
pect of a country ; a picture representing an extent of
space, with the various objects in it.
LAND-TAX, land-taks, s. Tax laid upon land and
houses.
LANDWAITER, land-wa-tfir, s. An officer of the
customs, who is to watch what goods are landed.
LANDWARD, lind-ward, adv. 88. Towards the
land.
LANE, lane, s. 35. A narrow way between hedges ;
a narrow street, an alley ; a passage between men stand-
ing on each side.
LANERET, lan-ii£r-£t, s. A little hawk.
LANGUAGE, lang-gwidje, j. 331. 90. Human
speech; the tongue of one nation ^s distinct from o-
tners ; style, manner of expression.
LANGUAGED, lang-gwldjd, ailj. 359. Having va-
rious languages.
LANGUAGE-MASTER, ling-gwidje-miU-tur, 3. A
teacher of languages.
LANGUID, lang-gwld, adj. 34O. Faint, weak,
feeble; dull, heartless.
LANGUIDLY, llng-gwld-le, adv. Weakly, feebly.
LANGUIDNESS, langigwld-nes, s. Weakness, fee-
bleness.
To LANGUISH, lang-gwlsh, v. n. 340. To grow
feeble, to pine away, to lose strength ; to be no longer
vigorous in motion ; to sink or pine under sorrow; to
look with softness or tenderness.
LANGUISH, lang-gwlsh, s. Soft appearance.
LANGUISHINGLY, lang-gwUh-lng-te, adv. Weak-
ly, feebly, with feeble softness ; dully, tediously.
LANGUISHMENT, langi-gwish-m^nt, s. state of
pining; softness of mien.
LANGUOR, langigwur, s. 166. 344. A faintness,
which may arise from want, or decay of spirits.
To LANIATE, la-n£-ate, v. a. 91. To tear in
pieces, to rend, to lacerate.
LANIFICE, lanie-fls, s. 142. Woollen manufacture.
1?ANIGEROUS, la-nld-jer-us, adj. Bearing wool.
LANK, langk, adj. 408. Loose, not filled up, not
stiffened out, not tat; faint, languid.
LANKNE&S, langk-n&s, s. Want of plumpness.
LANNER, lan^nur, s. 98. A species of hawk.
LANSQUENET, lan-sken-n£t, s. A common foot
soldier; a game at cards.
IO" This word, as a game at cards, is altered by the
Yulgar into Lamhskinnet. Thii is something, at least,
which they understand ; and this very intelligibility con-
firms them in the corruption. — See Asparagus.
LANTERN, lan-t&rn, s. 98. 418. A transparent
case for a candle ; a lighthouse, a light hung out to
guide ships.
JO" This word, says Dr. Johnson, by mistake, is often
written Itantliorn, The cause of this mistake is easy ;
transparent cases for candles were generally made of
luM'ii , and this was sufficient to persuade those who knew
LANTERN-JAWS, lan-t&rn-jawz, *. A thin visage.
LANUGINOUS, la-nu-jln us, adj. 314. Downy,
covered with soft hair.
LAP, lap, s. The loose part of a garment, which
may be doubled at pleasure; the part of the clothes
that is spread horizontally over the knees ; the part
formed by the knees in a sitting posture.
To LAP, lap, v. a. To wrap or twist round any
thing ; to involve in any thing.
To LAP, lap, v. n. To be spread or twisted over
any thing.
To LAP, lap, v. n. To feed by quick repeated ma-
tion of the tongue.
To LAP, lap, I-. a. To lick up.
LAPDOG, lap-.:5g, S. A little dog, fondled by ladie*
in the lap.
LAPFUL, lap-ful, s. 406. As much as can be con-
tained in the lap.
LAPICIDE, lAp-i^-side, s. A stone-cutter.
LAPIDARY, lapi«i-dar &, s. One who deals in stone*
or gems.
To LAPIDATE, lapi^-date, v. a. To stone, to kill
by stoning.
LAPIDATION,
da-shun, *. A stoning.
LAPIDKOL:S, la-piu-ti-us, adj. Stony, of the nature
of stone.
LAPIDESCENCE, lap-4-d£s^s£nse, s. 510. Stony
concr. t o i.
LAPI DESCENT, lap-<£-d£sis£nt, adj. Growing or
turning to stone
LAPiDIFICK, lapie-dlf-fik, adj. 509. Forming
stones.
LAPIDIST, lap-^-dlst, *. A dealer in stones or gems.
LAPIS, la-pis, s. A stone.
LAPIS-LAZULI, IsUpis-lazhiu-U, s. A stone of an
azure or blue co.our.
LAPPER, lap-pur, s. 98. One who wraps up ; one
who laps or licks.
LAPPET, lap-pit, & 99. The parts of a head-dress
that hang louse.
LAPSE, lApse, s. Flow, fall, glide ; petty error,
small mistake ; transition of right fr.nn one to another.
To LAPSE, lapse, v. n. To glide slowly, to fall
by degrees ; to slip by inadvertency or mistake ; to lo>e
the proper time; to" fail by the negligence of one pro-
prietor to another; to tall* from perfection, truth, 01
faith.
LAPWING, lap-wing, «. A clamorous bird wittt
long wings.
LAPWOR.K, lap-wfirk, s. Work in which one part
is interchangeably wrapped over the other.
LARBOARD, lar-bord, s. The left-hand side of a
ship, when you stand with your face to the head.
LARCENY, ldr-s£-n£, *. Petty theft— See Latro-
ciny.
LARCH, lartsh, s. 352. A tree of the fir kind
which drops its leaves in winter.
LARD, Idrd, *. 81. The grea»e of swine ; bacon,
the Hesh of swine.
To LARD, lard, v. a. To stuff with bacon ; to fat-
ten ; to mix with something cl»e by way of improve*
mcnt.
LAB DER, lar-d&r, *. 98. The room where meat it
kept or salted.
LARDERER, laridur-ur, j. One who has the charge
of the larder.
LARGE, lardje, adj. Big, bulky ; wide, extensive;
liberal, abundant, plentiful ; copious, diffuse ; at large ;
without restraint, diffusely.
LARGELY, lardje^W, adv. Widely, extensively ;
copiously, diffusely ; liberally, bounteoutly ; abundaut-
'y-
LARGENESS, lardje-nSs, 5. Bigness, greatness, e»-
lensiim, wideness.
LAKGESS, lar-j£s, j. A pwwnt, a gift, a bountv.
LAT
LAU
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi93,rn£t95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 1 62, move 1 64,
LAKGITTON, lir-jlsh-fin, *. The act of giving.
LARK, l:\rk, s. A small sinking bird.
I-ARKER, larki-fir, s. 98. A catcher of larks.
LARKSPUR, lark-spfir, j. A plant.
LARVATED, lariva t£J, adj. Masked.
L.ARCM. lari-r&m. s. 8 1. Alarm ; noise noting danger.
LARYNGOTOMY, lar-ln-g&t£6-m£, *. 518. An o-
peration where the fore-part of the larynx is divided to
assist respiration, during large tumours upon the upper
parts, as in a quinsy.
LARYNX, la-rinks, *. The windpipe, the trachea.
LASCIVIENT, la-slviv<*-£nt, adj. 542. Frolicksome,
wantoning.
LASCIVIOUS, la-slviveU&s, adj. 542. Lewd, lust-
ful ; wanton, soft, luxurious.
LASCIVIOUSLY, la-slviv£-&s-l£, adn. Lewdly, wan-
tonly, loosely.
LASCIVIOUSNESS, la-slviv£-&s-n£s. s. Wantonness,
looseness.
LASH, lash, s.
A stroke with any thing pliant and
tough ; the thong or point of the whip ; a leash, or
string in which an animal is held; a stroke of satire, a
sarcasm.
To LASH, lish, ». a. To strike with any thing pliant,
to scourge ; to move with a sud.fen spring or jerk ; to
beat, to strike with a sharp sound ; to scourge with sa-
tire; to tie any thing down to the side or mast of a
ship.
To LASH, lash, ». rt. To ply the whip.
LASHER, lash-fir, s. 98. One that whips or lashes.
LASS, las, s. 79. A girl, a maid, a young woman.
LASSITUDE, lasise'-title, *. Weariness, fatigue.
LASSLORN, lls-lorn, adj. Forsaken by his mistress.
— See Forlorn.
LAST, last, adj. 79. Latest, that which follows all
the rest in time; hindmost, which follows in order of
place; next before the present, as, Last week ; utmost;
at Last, in conclusion, at the end ; The Last, the end
LAST, last, adv. The last time, the time next be-
fore the present ; in conclusion.
To LAST, list, v. n. To endure, to continue.
LAST, list, *. The mould on which shoes are form-
ed ; a load, a certain weight or measure.
LASTAGE, las^tldje, *. 9O. Custom paid for freight-
age; the balla t of a ship.
LASTING, lasting, jiart. adj. 410. Continuing,
durable ; of long continuance, perpetual.
LASTINGLY, lasVlng-U, adv. Perpetually.
LASTINGNESS, laS^-tlng-n^s, t. Durableness, con-
tinuance.
LASTLY, lastU£, adv. In the last place ; in the
conclusion, at last
LATCH, litsh, *. A catch at a door moved by a
string or handle.
To LATCH, latsh, t>. a. To fasten with a latch ; to
fasten, to close.
LATCHES, latsh^Sz, *. Latches or laskets, in a ship
are loops made by small ropes.
LATCHET, litsll-it, 5. 99. The string that fastens
the shoe.
LATE, late, adj. Contrary to early, slow, tardy
long delayed ; last in any place, office, or character
the deceased ; far in the day or night.
LATE, late, ado. After long delays, after a long
time; in a latter season; lately, not long ago; far 11
the day or night.
LATED, la-tftd, adj. Belated, surprised by the night
LATELY, latt-il^, adv. Not long ago.
LATENESS, latt-ine's, s. Time far advanced.
LATENT, la't£nt, adj. Hidden, concealed, secret
LATERAL, latit^r-al, adj. Growing out on th
side, belonging to the side ; placed, or acting in a di
rection per|>enilicular to a veitical line.
LATEKALITY, lut-t£r-al-e-te, 5. The quality of
having distinct side*.
.ATERALLY, Iatit3r-al-l£, adv. By the side, side-
wise.
L.ATEWARI), late-ward, adv. 88. Somewhat late.
LATH, la//i, s. 78. A small long piece of wood used
to support the tiles of houses.
To LATH, laM, v. a. To fit up with lafhs.
LATHE, laTHe, *. The tool of a turner, by which he
turns about his matter so as to shape it by the chisel.
To LATHER, laTH-6r, t). n. To form a foam.
To LATHER, lATH-&r, v. a. To cover with foam
of water and soap.
LATHER, laTH-ur, s. 98. A foam or froth made
commonly bv beating soap with water.
LATIN, lat-tin, adj. 159. Written or spoken in the
language of the old Romans.
LATINISM, latitin htn, *. A Latin idiom ; a mode
of speech peculiar to the Latin.
LATINIST, lat-tln-lst, *. One skilled in Latin.
LATINITY, la-tln-n£-t<*, s. The Latin tongue.
To LATINIZE, latAin Ize, v. n. To use words or
phrases borrowed from the Latin.
To LATINIZE, lat^tln-lze, v. a. To give names a
Latin termination, to make them Latin.
LATIROSTROUS, Ia-t£-r5s-tr&s, adj. Broad-beaked.
LATISH, late-lsh, adj. Somewhat late.
LATH1 ANCY, lat-te-tan-s£, *. The state of lying hid.
LATITANT, lat-t£-tant, adj. Concealed, lying hid.
LATITATION, lat-d-taish&n, *. The state of ly-
ing concealed.
LATITUDE, h\t-tt*-tiide, s Breadth, width ; room,
space, extent ; the extent of the earth or heavens, rec-
koned from the equator; a particular degree recko ed
from the equator; unrestrained acceptation; freedom
from settled rules, laxity; extent, diffusion.
LATITUDINARIAN, lat-^-tu-d£-na-r£ an, *. One
who allows himself great liberties in religious matters.
LATITUDINARIAN, lat-e-t£i-d£-na-r«£-an, adj. Not
restrained or confined by religion.
LATHANT, la-trant, adj. Barking.
LATRIA, la-tr^ 4, .«. 92. The highest kind of wor-
ship, as distinguished from Dulia.
fc^?- This word, by being derived from the Greek A*r-
yum., is pronounced "by Johnson, and after him bv Ash,
with the accent on the penultimate syllable; both of them
had forgot their Greek in the word 'Dulia, which they ac-
cent on the antepenultimate, though derived from 5»>.!,'«.
One of these modes of accentuation must be wrong ; and
my opinion is, that, as these words are appellatives, we
should adopt that accent which Dr. Johnson did when his
Greek was out of hU head ; that is, the antepenultimate.
— .See Cyclopedia.
LATROCINY, llt-rA-s^-nfi1, ». Larceny, theft, rob-
bery; a literal version of the Latin iatrocinium, which
was afterwards contracted into larceny.
Jfy- It may be ob-erved, that Dr. Johnson spells this
word with an e in the second syllable, while both its La-
tin and French derivation require, as Mason has shown
from Blackstone, that it ought to be written larciny.
LATTEN, lat-t^n, *. 99. 103. Brass, a mixture of
copper and ealaminaris stone.
LATTER, lat-tur, adj. 98. Happening after some-
thing else ; modern, lately done or past ; mentioned
last of two.
LATTERLY, lat-t&r-l^, adv. 557. Of late.
LATTICE, lat-tis, *. 140. 142. A window made
with a kind of network ; a window made with sticks or
irons crossing each other at small distances.
To LATTICE, lat-tis, v. a. To mark with cross
parts like a lattice.
LAVA, la-va, s. 92. The overflowing of sulphur*,
ous matter from a volcano.
LAVATION, lA-va-sh&n, *. The act of washing.
LAVATORY, lavivi-t&r-e1, *. 512. A wash ; some^
thing in which parts diseased are washed. — For the o,
see Domestick.
LAUD, lawd, t. 213. Praise, honour paid, cele-
bration ; that part of divine worship which consists in
praise.
LAW
299
LAZ
i»5r 167, not IfiS— tube 171, tib 172, bi'll 173 — cil 299— pofind 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
Ti> LAUD, lawl, it. a. To praise, to celebrate.
LAUDABLE, lawida bl, adj. 4O5. Praise-worthy,
commendable ; healthy, salubrious.
LAUDABLENESS, lawida-bl-nds, *. Praise-wor-;
t Illness.
LAUDABLY, law-da-bli, adv. In a manner descry- !
ing praise.
LAUDANUM, 16J-da-niim, s. 217. A soporifick'
tincture.
To LAVE, lave, v. a. To wash, to bathe ; to lade, !
to draw out.
To LAVKER, la-ve'er,' v. n. To change the direc-
tion often in a course.
LAVENDER, lav-vdn-dar, s. 98. The name of a
plant.
LAVF.R, laiv?ir, s. 98. A washing vessel.
To LAUGH, laf, v. ri. 215. 391. To make that
noise which sudden merriment excites; in poetry, to
appear gay, favourable, pleasant, or fertile; To laugh
at, to treat with contempt, to ridicule.
To LAUGH, laf, v. a. To deride, to scorn.
LAUGH, laf, s. The convulsion caused by merri-
ment; an inarticulate expression of sudden merriment.
LAUGHABLE, laf-a-bl, adj. 405. Such as may pro-
perly excite laughter.
LAUGHER, laf-iir, s. 98. A man fofid of merri-
ment.
LAUGHINGLY, liftng-ld, adv. In a merry way,
merrily.
LAUGHINGSTOCK, lafilng-st&k, s. A butt, an ob-
ject of ridicule.
LAUGHTER, laf^tur, s. 98. Convulsive merriment ;
an inarticulate expression of sudden merriment.
LAVISH, lav-lsh, adj. Prodigal, wasteful, indis-
creetly liberal ; scattered in waste ; profuse ; wild, un-
restrained.
To LAVISH, lavish, v. a. To scatter with profusion.
LAVISHER, lav-lsh-&r, s. 98. A prodigal, a profuse
man.
LAVISHLY, Uvilsb-le, adv. Profusely, prodigally.
LAVISHMENT, lav-Ish-m? ht, ) s. Prodigality, pro-
LAVISHNESS, lav-Ish-n£s, $ fusion.
To LAUNCH, lansh, t>. n. 214. To force into the
sea ; to rove at large ; to expatiate — See iMndt,
To LAUNCH, lansh, v. a. 352. To push to sea ; to
dart from the land.
LAUND, lavif:Hl, s. A plain extended between woods ;
now more frequently written Lawn.
LAUNDRESS, lan-dr^s, s. 214. A woman whose
employment is to wash clothes.
LAUNDRY, lani-dnJ, s. The room in which clothes
are washed ; the act or state of washing.
LAVOLTA, la-v&Kta, $. 92. An old dance, in which
was much turning and much capering
LAUREATE, lawir^-at, adj. 91. Decked or in-
vested with laurel.
LAUREATION, law-re a-shun, s. It denotes in the
Scottish universities, the act or state of having degrees
. conferred.
LAUREL, loKrll, ». 99. 217. A tree, called also
the cherry-bay.
LAURELED, liririld, adj. 359. Crowned or deco-
rated with laurel.
LAW, law, i. A rule of action ; a decree, edict,
statute, or custom, publickly established ; judicial pro-
cess ; conformity to law, any thing lawful ; an establish-
ed and constant mode of process.
LAWFUL, lawful, adj. 406. Agreeable to law,
conformable to law.
LAWFULLY, lawiful-^, adv. Legally, agreeably to
law.
LAWFULNESS, lawif&l-n^s, S. Legality; allowance
of law.
LAWGIVER, law-glv-frr, s. 98. Legislator, one that
makes laws.
LAWGIVING, lawiglv-Ing, adj. Legislative.
LAWLESS, I4wil£s, adj. Unrestrained by any law,
not subject to law; contrary to law, illegal.
LAWLESSLY, law-l£s-li, adv. In a manner con-
trary to law.
LAWMAKER, lawimA-kfir, s. One who make*
laws, a lawgiver.
I. AWN, lawn, i. An open space between woods ;
fine linen, remarkable for bclrig used in the sleeves Of
bishops.
LAWSUIT, llwisute, t. A process in lawj a litiga-
tion.
LAWYER, lawiyer, *. 98. Professor of law, advo-
cate, pleader.
LAX, laks. adj. Loose, not confined, not close'y
joined ; vague, not rigidly exact ; loose in body, so as
to go frequently to stool ; 'slack, not tense.
LAX, laks, s. A looseness, a diarrhoea.
LAXATION, lak-sa-shfin, *. 1'he act of loosening
or slackening ; the state of being loosened or slackened.
LAXAflVE, laks^a-tlt, adj. 512. Having the
power to ease costiveness.
LAXATIVE, liks-a-tlv, *. A medicine slighfy pur-
gative.
LAXATIVENESS, laks^a-tlv-nfe, s. The state op-
posite to costiveness.
LAXITY, laks-ti-t£, s. Not compression, not close
cohesion ; contrariety to rigorous precision ; looseness,
not custivchcss, slackness, contrariety to tension ; open-
ness, not closeness.
LAXNESS, laksin£s, *. Laxity, not tension, not
precision, not costiveness.
LAY, la, pret. of Lie, to rest.
Tu LAY, la, v. a. To place along ; to beat down
corn or grass ; to keep from rising, to settle, to still ; to
put, to place, tomaKeabet; to spread on a surface ;
to calm, to still, to quiet, to allay ; to prohibit a spirit
to walk ; to set on the table ; to propagate plants by
fixing their twigs in the ground ; to w;iger ; to reposit
any thing; to bring forth eggs ; to apply with violence;
to apply nearly ; to impute, to charge; to throw by vio-
lence ; to Lay apart, to reject, to put by ; to Lay aside,
to put away, not to retain ; to Lay before, to expose to
view, to show, to display ; to Lay by, to reserve for
gome future time, to put from one, to dismiss ; to Lay
down, to deposit as a pledge, equivalent, or satisfaction ;
to quit, to resign ; to commit to repose ; to advance ns a
proposition ; to Lay for, to attempt by ambush or insi-
dious practices ; to 'Lay forth, to diffuse, to expatiate ; to
place when d<:ad in a decent posture ; to Lay hold of,
to seize, to catch ; to Lay in, to store, to treasure ; to
Lay on, to apply with violence ; to Lay open, to show,
to expose ; to Lay over, to incriist, to cover ; to Lay
dut, to expend, to display, to discover, to dispose, to
plan ; to Lay out, with the reciprocal pronoun, to ex-
ert ; to Lay to, to charge upon, to apply with vigour,
to harass, to attack ; to Lay together, to collect, to
bring into one view; to Lay under, to subject to; to
Lay up, to confine, to store, to treasure ; to Lay upon,
to importune, to wager upon.
To LAY, la, v. n. To bring eggs, to contrive ; to
Lay about, to strike on all sides; to Lay at, to strike,
to endeavour to strike ; to Lay in for, to make over-
tures of oblique invitation ; to Lay on, to strike, to
beat ; to act with vehemence ; to Lay out, to take rnea
sures.
LAY, la, s. A row, a stratum ; a wager.
LAY, la, s. Grassy ground, meadow, ground un-
ploughed.
LAY, la, s. A song.
LAY, la, adj. Not clerical ; regarding or belonging to
the people as distinct from the clergy.
LAYER, la-ur, s. 98. A stratum, or row ; a bed ;
one body spread over another ; a sprig of a plant ; a
hen that lavs eggs.
LAYMAN, la-man, J. 88. One of the people dis-
tinct from the clergy ; an image used by painters to
form attitudes and hang drapery upon.
LAZ AH, la-zar, *. 418. One deformed and nause-
ous with filthy and pestilential diseases.
LAZAR-HOUSE, laiz'ar.hSfis
., . 8 , ,
LAZARETTO, laz hr-rei'-io,
the reception of the diseased, an hospital.
A house for
LEA
300
LEA
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mt* 93, roth 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 164,
LAZAUWORT, \k-iAr-\vhrt, s. A plant.
LAZILY, la-zeM£, adv. Idly, sluggishly, heavily.
LAZINESS, la-z<i-ne!s, s. Idleness, sluggishness.
LAZING, la-zing, adj. 41O. Sluggish, idle.
LAZULI, lazhiu 11, s. The ground of this stone is
blue, vanegated wiih yellow and white.
LAZY, la-zS, adj. Idle, sluggish, unwilling to work ;
slow, tedious.
LEA, le, s. 227. Ground enclosed, not open.
LEAD, le!d, s. 234. A »oft heavy metal ; in the
plural, flat roof to walk on.
To LEAD, l£d, v. a. To fit with lead in any manner.
To LEAD, l^de, v. a. jrret. Led. To guide by the
hand ; to conduct to any place ; to conduct as head or
commander ; to introduce by going first ; to guide, to
show the method of attaining; to draw, to entice, to
allure; to induce, to prevail on by pleasing motives ;
to pass, to s)>end in any certain manner.
To LEAD, Idde, v. n. 227. To conduct as a com-
mander ; to show the way by going first,
LEAD, le^de, s. Guidance, first place.
LEADEN, le"d-dn, culj. 103. 234. Made of lead;
heavy, dull.
LEADER, le^d&r, s. 98. One that leads or con-
ducts ; captain, commander ; one who goes first, one
at the head of any party or faction
LEADING, 1^-dlng, part. adj. 410. Principal.
LEADING-STRINGS, le-dlng-strlngz, s. Strings
by which children, when they learn to walk, are held
from falling.
LEADWORT, l£d-wurt, s. 234. A plant.
LEAF, l^fe, s. 227. The green deciduous parts of
plants and flowers ; a part of a book containing two
pages; one side of a double door; any thing foliated,
or thinly beaten.
To LEAF, l^fe, V. 1l~ To bring leaves ; to bear
leaves.
LEAFLESS, l£fe-l£s, adj. Naked of leaves.
LEAFY, 1^-f'^, adj. Full of leaves.
LEAGUE, le<^g, s. 227. A confederacy, a combina-
tion.
To LEAGUE,
LEAGUE, Itf^
three miles.
LEAGUED, IWg'd, adj. 359. Confederated.
LEAGUER, le^j&r, s. 98. Siege, investment of a
town.
LEAK, leke, s. 227. A breach or hole which lets
in water.
To LEAK, l^ke, p. n. To let water in or out, to
drop through a breach.
LEAKAGE, 1^-kidje, A. 90. Allowance made for ac-
cidental loss in liquid measures.
LEAKY, le-k£, adj. Battered or pierced, to as to
let water in or out ; loquacious, not close.
To LEAN, l£ne, v. n. £27. 238. pret. Leaned or
Leant. To incline against, to rest against ; to tend to-
wards ; to be in a bending pos-u e.
LEAN, lelne, adj. 227. Not tat, meagre, wanting
flesh ; not unctuous, thin, hungry ; low, poor, in oppo-
sition to great or rich.
LEAN, lene, i. The part of flesh which consists of
the muscle without the fat.
LEANLY, lene-le, adv. Meagerly, without plump-
ness.
LEANNESS, lt*nt-n£s, 4. Extenuation of body, want
of flesh, meagreness ; want of bulk.
To LEAP, l^pe, v. n. 239. To jump, to move up-
ward or progressively without change of the feet; to
rush with vehemence ; to bound, to spring ; to tiy, to
start.
!£>• The past time of this verb is generally heard with
thediphthong short ; and if so, it ought to be spelled
leant, rhyming with kept. See Principles, No. 369, 570.
Dr. Kenriek, Mr. Soott, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, Mr.
Barclay, Mr. Nares, Mr. Smith, and Mr. Elphinston,
pronounce the diphthong ui the present tense of this word
V. n. To unite, to confederate.
A measure of length, containing
long, as I have done; and Mr. Elphinston ind Mr. Nares
make it short, in the preterit and participle. Mr. >htn-
dan alone makes the present tense short, which, if I re-
collect justly, is a pronunciation peculiar to Ireland. — Sec
Heatd.
To LEAP, l£pe, v. a. To pass over or into by leap-
ing ; to compress, as beasts.
LEAP, l^pe, 3. Bound, jump, act of leaping ; si>ace
passed by leaping ; sudden transition ; an assault of an
animal of prey ; embrace of animals.
LEAP-FROG, l£pe-fr6g, s. A play of children, in
which they imitate the jump of frogs.
LEAP YEAR, IdpeiyeVe, s. Leap-year, or bissextile,
is every fourth year, and so called from its leaping a day
more that year 'than in a common year; so that she
common year hath three hundred and sixty-five days,
but the Leap-year three hundred and sixty-six ; aiui
then February hath twenty -nine days, which in com-
mon years hath but twenty -eight.
To LEARN, lern, v. a. 234. To gain the know-
ledge or skill of; to teach; improperly used in this
last sense.
To LEARN, l&rn, v. n. To receive instruction ; to
improve by example. -
LEARNED, l^r-ned, ndj. 362. Versed in science
and literature; skilled, skilful, knowing; skilled in
schdastick knowledge.
LEARNEDLY, l£r-n£d-le, adv. With knowledge,
with skill.
LEARNING, ler'nlng, s. 410. Literature, skill in
languages or sciences ; skill in any tiling good or bad.
LEARNER, le"r-nfir, s. One who U yet in his rudi-
ments.
LEASE, l£se, *. 227. A contract by which, in consi-
deration of some payment, a temporary possession is
granted of houses or lands ; any tenure.
To LEASE, l£se, v. a. To let by lease.
To LEASE, le^ze, t;. n. 227. To glean, to gather
what the harvest-men leave.
LEASER, l^-z&r, s. A gleaner.
LEASH, iWsh, s. 227. A leather thong, by which
a falconer holds his hawk, or a courser li ads his grey-
hound ; a band wherewith to tie any thing in general.
To LEASH, leesh, v. a. To bind, to hold in a
string.
LEASH, le^sh, s. A brace and a half, a sportsman's
term.
Jf5» Sportsmen, like the professors of other arts, often
corrupt their technical terms ; for we frequently hear this
word pronounced like the lease of a house. Thiscorrup-
tion, however, is not gone so far as to make the true
sound pedantic, and therefore ought to be corrected. — bee
Ctff.
LEASING, le-zlng, s. 227. 41O. Lies, falsehood.
LEAST, letkt, adj 227. The superlative of Little.
Little beyond others, smallest
LEAST, leest, adv. In the lowest degree.
LEATHER, l&rH-&r, s. 98. 234. Dressed hides of
animah>; skin, ironically.
LEATHERCOAT, l£rH-&r-kote, s. An apple with a
rough rind ; a sort of ptitato.
LEATHERY, le/rH-frr-ti, adj- Resembling leather.
LEAVE, leve, *. 227. Giant of liberty, permission,
allowance; farewell, adieu.
To LEAVE, Itive, v. a. pret. I Left ; I have left.
To quit, to forsake; to have, remaining at death ; to
suffer to remain ; to fix as a token of remembrance ; 10
bequeath, to give as inheritance ; to give up, to resig:i ;
to cease to do, to desist frum ; to Leave off, to citsist
from, to forbear; to forsake; to Leave out, to omit,
to neglect.
To LEAVE, leVe, v. n. To cease, to desist ; to
Leave off, to desist, to stop.
LEAVED, IetH-d, adj. 227. Furnished with foliage ;
made with leaves or folds.
LEAVEN, l£viv£n, s. 103. 234. Ferment mixed
with any body to make it light; any mixture which
makes a gentral change in the mass.
Ti> LEAVEN, l£v-veX v. a. To fetment bj some
thing mixed ; to uu'nt, to imbue.
LEG
301
LEG
n3r 167, nftt 163— tube 171, tub 172, hull 173—311 299 — pound 3)3— thin 466 — THIS 469.
LEAVER, le-vur, s. 98. One who deserts or for-
sakes.
LEAVES, IWvz, s. The plural of Leaf.
LEAVINGS, l^vlngz, s. 410. Remnant, relicks,
offal.
LECHER, l£tsh-ftr, s. 98. A whoremastcr.
LECHEROUS, l£tsh-ur-us, adj. Lewd, lustful.
LECHEROUSLY, l£tsii-ur-us 1£, adv. Lewdly, lust-
fully.
LECHEROUSNKSS, l£tshiur-us-n£s, *. Lewdness.
LECHERY, Idtsh-fir-t*, s. 557. Lewdness, lust.
LECTION, lek-sh&n, s. A reading; a variety in
copies.
LECTURE, l^k^tshure, 5. 461. A discourse pro-
nounced upon any subject ; the act or practice of read-
ing, perusal ; a magisterial reprimand.
To LECTURE, l£k-tshure, v. a. To instruct for-
mally ; to instruct insolently and dogmatically.
LECTURER, l£k-tshur-ur, s. An instructor, a
teacher by way of lecture, a preacher in a church hired
by the parish to assist the rector.
LECTURESHIP, l£k£tshur-sbtp, s. The office of a
lecturer.
LED, 13d, part. pret. of To Lead.
LEDGE, l$dje, s. A row, layer, stratum ; a ridge
rising above the rest ; any prominence or rising part ;
a small narrow shelf fixed against a wall.
LEDHORSE, I6d-h3rse, *. A sumpter horse.
LEE, le£, s. Dregs, sediment, refuse. Sea term ; it
is generally that side which is opposite to the wind, as
the Lee-shore is that the wind blows on.
LEE, l£e, adj. Having the wind blowing on it ; hav-
ing the wind directed towards it.
LEECH, l££tsh, *. A physician, a professor of the
art of healing; a kind of small water-serpent, which
fastens on animals, and sucks the blood.
LEECH- CRAFT, l<*<hsh-kraft, s. The art of heal-
ing.
LEEK, l££k, s. A pot herb.
LEER, l£re, s. An oblique view ; a laboured cast of
countenance.
To LEER, lere, v. n. To look obliquely, to look
archly ; to look with a forced countenance.
LEES, l££z, s. Dregs, sediment.
LEET, IWt, S. A law day.
LJEEWARU, IW-wurd, adj. 88. Under the wind,
on the side opposite to that from which the wind blows.
— See Lee.
LEFT, l£ft, part. pret. of Leave.
LEFT, 14ft, adj. Sinistrous ; not on the right hand.
LEFT-HANDED, l£ft-hand^d, adj. Using the left
hand rather than the right,
LEFT-HANDEDNESS, l£ft-handi3d-n£s, j. Habi-
tual use of the left hand.
LEG, l£g, s. The limb by which animals walk, par-
ticularly that part between the knee and the foot in
men ; an act of obeisance ; that by which any thing is
supported on the ground ; as, the leg of a table.
LEGACY, l£gia-s<*, j. Legacy is a particular thing
given by last will and testament.
LEGAL, le-gal, adj. Done or conceived according to
law ; lawful, not contrary to law.
LEGALITY, tt-gk\-t-t&, s. Lawfulness.
To LEGALIZE, l£%al-lze, v. a. To authorise ; to
- make lawful.
LEGALLY, l&g£l-l£, adv. Lawfully, according to
law.
LEGATARY, l£g-a-iar-d, *. One who has a legacy
left.
LEGATINE, l£g£gj-tlne, adj. 149. Made by a le-
gate ; belonging to a legate of the Roman see.
LEGATE, 1%-gate, s. 91. A deputy, an ambassa-
dor; a kind of spiritual ambassador from the Pope.
J^» Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick,
and Mr. Perry, pronounce the first syllable of thin word
•bait, and Buchanan aloae long.
LEGATEE, l£g-g&-tW/ *. One who has a legacy
left him.
LEGATION, l£-gaisliun, s. Deputation, commis-
sion, embassv.
LEGATOR, l£g-ga-t6r,' s. 166. One who makes a
will, and leaves legacies.
lt^ This word seems to have the accent on the last
syllable, the better to distinguish it from its correlative
legatee.
LEGEND, lefj&id, s. A chronicle or register of the
lives of saints; any memorial or relation; an incredi-
ble unauthentick narrative; any inscription, particu-
larly on medals or coins.
Kj* This word is sometimes pronounced with thevowel
in the first syllable short, as if written led-gend. This has
the feeble plea of the Latin word Lego to produce ; but
with what propriety can we make this plea for a short
vowel in English, when we pronounce that very vowel
long in the Latin word we derive it from ? The genuine
and ancient analogy of our language, as Dr. Wallis ob-
serves, is, when a word of two syllables has the accent on
the first, and the vowel is followed by a single consonant,
to pronounce the vowel long. It is thus we pronounce all
Latin words of this kind ; and in this manner we should
certainly have pronounced all our English words, if an
affectation of following Latin quantity nad not disturbed
the natural progress of pronunciation.— See Drama. But,
Dr. A^h are the only abettors of the short sound.
LEGENDARY, I3d£j£n-da-r£, adj. Pertaining to a
legend.
JJCjf As the preceding word has, by the clearest analogy,
the vowel in the first syllable long, so this word, by hav-
ing the accent higher than the antepenultimate, has as
clear an analogy for having the same vowel short, 530,
535. This analogy, however, is contradicted by Dr. Ash,
W. Johnston, Mr. Scott, Entick, Buchanan, and Perry,
who make the vowel e long, as in Legend. As Dr. John-
son's accentuation does not determine the quantity of the
vowel, his not inserting this word is, in this case, no loss;
but Mr. Sheridan's omission of it deprives us of a valuable
opinion.
LEGER, l^dijur, s 98. A leger-book, a book that
lies in the compting house.
LEGERDEMAIN, lld-jur-d^-mane,' s. Sleight of
hand, juggle, power of deceiving the eye by nimble
motion, trick.
LEGERITY, l<^-j£ri£-t£, s. Lightness, nimbleness.
LEGGED, 13gd, adj. S59. Having legs.
LEGIBLE, l£dij£-bl, s. 405. Such as may be read ;
apparent, discoverable.
LEGIBLY, l£d-ji-bl4, adv. In such a manner aa
may be read.
LEGION, l^-j&n, J. A body of Roman soldiers,
consisting of about five thousand, a military force ; any
great number.
LEGIONARY, li-jun-ar-£, adj. Relating to a le-
gion ; containing a legion ; containing a great indefinite
number.
To LEGISLATE, l£dij1s-late, v. n. To enact laws.
{£*?• This word is neither in Johnson nor Sheridan.
For the pronunciation of the first syllable, see the follow-
ing words.
LEGISLATION, l&l-jls-laishun, s. The act of giv-
ing laws.
LEGISLATIVE, 13d£j!s-la-tlv, adj. Givmg laws,
lawgiving.
LEGISLATOR, l&Ujls-la-t&r, *. 166. 521. A law-
giver, one who makes laws for any community.
LEGISLATURE, l£d^jls-la-tshure, t. 461. Th«
power that makes laws.
J£y- Some respectable speakers in the House of Com-
mons pronounce the e in the first syllable of this word
long, as if written Leegislature, and think they are won-
derfully correct in doing so, because the first syllable of
all Latin words, compounded of Lex, is long. They do
not know that, in pronouncing the word in this manner,
they are contradicting one of the clearest analogies of th«
language ; which is, that the antepenultimate, and secon-
dary accent, shorten every vowel they fall upon, except «.
unless they are followed by a diphthong, 534, 535. Thi«
analogy is evident in a numerous catalogue of words end-
ing in tiy, where the antepenultimate vowel is short in
English, though long in the Latin word* whence they ore
LEN
302
LES
5.59. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mtJ93,mit95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nd 162,m5vel64,
The same
derived, as, serenity, divinity, globosity, &c,
Bnay be observed of the wo>ds declamatory, deliberative^
&c. where the two second syllables are short in English,
though long in the Latin dcclamatoritis, deliberativui,
&c. Even the words liberal and liberty, if pronounced
with their first syllables long, as in the Latin words liber-
aiis and libertas, ought to be sounded lye'beral and lye'-
berty. If, therefore, we consider the accent on the first
syllable of legislator, legislature, or legislative, either as
primary or secondary, we find a clear analogy for short-
ening the vowel; nor can we have the least reason for
lengthening it, which will not oblige us in the same man-
ner to lengthen the first vowel of lenitive, pedagogue, pa-
cification, and a thousand others. See Principles, No.
530. 535. Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, and
Mr. Perry, mark the e in the first syllable of this word
and its relatives short; W. Johnston only marks them
long. From Entick we can gather the quantity of this
vowel in no word but legislate, where he makes it long,
and Ash, Bailey, and Buchanan, do not mark it either
way. These authorities sufficiently show us the general
current of custom ; and the analogies of the language
sufficiently show the propriety of it.
LEGITIMACY, le-jit-ti-ma-si, s. Lawfulness of
birth ; genuineness, not spuriousncss.
LEGITIMATE, li-jlt-t£-mate, adj. 91. Born in
marriage, lawfully begotten.
To LEGITIMATE, le-jlt-te-mate, v. a. 91. To
procure to any the right of legitimate birth ; to make
lawful.
LEGITIMATELY, li-jltie'-mate-li, adv. Lawfully,
genuinely.
LEGITIMATION, le'-jlt-i-ma-shun, s. Lawful birth ;
the act of investing with the privileges of lawful birth.
LEGUME, ligigime ? Seeds not reap-
LEGUMEN, le-gu-men, \
ed, but gathered by the hand ; as, beans: in general,
all larger seeds ; pulse.— See Bitumen and liliisphemous.
LEGUMINOUS, li-gi-mi-n&s, adj. Belonging to
pulse, consisting of pulse.
LEISUHABLE, le-zhfir.a-bl, a(l}. Done at leisure,
not hurried, enjoying leisure.
LEISCRABLY, li-zlmr-a-ble1, adv. At leisure, with-
out tumult or hurry.
LEISURE, li-zhiire, s. 251. Freedom from busi-
ness or hurry ; vacancy of mind ; convenience of time
r. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, Dr. Kenrick
and Mr. Smith, pronounce the diphthong in this won
long; and Mr. Nares, Mr. Elphinston, and Mr. Barclay
short. The first manner is, in my opinion, preferable.
LEISURELY, li-zh&r-le, adj. Not hasty, deliberate,
LEISURELY, li-zh&r-li, adv. Not in a hurry
slowly.
LEMMA, lim-ma, s. 92. A proposition previously
assumed.
LEMON, lim-m&n, s. 166. The fruit of the lemon-
tree ; the tree that bears lemons.
LEMONADE, lim-mun-ade/ *. Liquor made o
water, sugar, and the juice of lemons.
To LEND, lind, v. a. To deliver something to an
other on condition of repayment; to suffer to be uset
on condition that it be restored ; to afford, to grant in
general.
LENDER, lind'&r, 5. 98. One who lends any thing
one w ho makes a trade of putting money to interest.
LENGTH, ling/A, *. The extent of any thing ma
terial from end to end ; horizontal extension ; a certain
portion of space or time ; extent of duration ; full ex
tent, uneomracied state ; end ; at Length, at last, in
conclusion.
To LENGTHEN, ling-</m, v. a. 103. To c
out, to make longer ; to protract, to continue ; to pro
tract pronunciation j to Lengthen out, to protract, t
extend.
To LENGTHEN, l£ng-thn, v. n. To grow longer
to increase in length.
LENGTHWISE, leug/A-wize, adv. According to th
length.
LENIENT, li^ni-int, adj. 113. Assuasive, soften
ing, mitigating; laxative, emollient.
LENIENT, l£-n£ int, s. An emollient or assuasiv
application.
'o LENIFY, lin-ni-fi, v. a. 183. To assuage, t«
mitigate.
lENITIVE, lir&i-tlv, adj. 157. Assuasive, emol-
lient.
.ENITIVE, lln^-tlv, s. Any thing applied to ease
pain ; a palliative.
.ENITY, lin^i-ti, s. Mildness, mercy, tenderness.
•EN'S, linz, s. 434. A glass spherically convex on
both sides, is usually called a Lens ; such as is a bunv
ing-glass, or spectacle-glass, or an object-glass of a tele-
scope.
,ENT, lint, part. pass, from Lend.
,ENT, lint, s. The quadragesimal fast ; a time »f
abstinence.
jENTEN, lint-tn, adj. 103. Such as is used in
Lent, sparing.
LENTICULAR, lin-tlkikfi-lar, adj. Doubly con-
vex, of the form of a lens.
LENTIFORM, lin-li-form, adj. Having the form
of a lens.
LENTIGINOUS, lin-tldijln-fis, adj. Scurfy, t\n-
furaceous.
LENTIGO, Iin-tl-g6, s. 112. A freckly or scurfy
eruption upon the skin. — See Vertigo.
LENTIL, lin-tll, s. A kind of pulse.
LENTISK, lin^tisk, «. A beautiful evergreen ; the
mastick tree.
LENTITUDE, lin-ti tide, s. sluggishness, slow-
ness.
LENTNER, lint-nfir, s. 98. A kind of hawk.
LENTOR, lin-tur, s. 166. Tenacity, viscosity;
slowness, delay. In physick, that sizy, viscid part of
the blood which obstructs the vessels.
LENTOUS, lin-t&s, adj. Viscous, tenacious, capa-
ble to be drawn out,
LEONINE, le-o-nine, adj. 149. Belonging to a
lion, having the nature of a lion. Leonine verses are
those of which the end rhymes to the middle, so named
from Leo the inventor.
LEOPARD, lip-purd, *. 88. A spotted beast of prey*
LEPER, lip-pur, s. 98. One infected with leprosy.
Jf^f- All our orthoepists are uniform in pronouncing
this word with the first syllable short, as iu leprosy.
LEPEROUS, lip-p&r-fcs, adj. Causing leprosy. Pro-
perly Leprous.
LEPORINE, Iip-p6-rlne, adj. Belonging to a hare,
having the nature of a hare.
J£5- Mr. Sheridan has marked the e in the first sylla-
ble of this word long, without even the flimsy plea of
Latin quantity to support it. Mr. Perry, Entick, and
Dr. Ash are the only other orthoepists from whom W\B
can gather the pronunciation of this letter. The two
first are for the short sound, and the last for the long
one. But the short sound is so agreeable to analogy, ai
to want no authoiities to support it. — See Principles! No.
530. 53.5.
LEPROSY, Iip-pr6-si, s. A loathsome distemper,
which covers the body with a kind of white scales.
LEPROUS, lip-prfrs, adj. 314. Infected with a
leprosy.
LESS, lis. A negative or privative termination.
Joined to a substantive, it implies the absence or priva-
tion of the thing ; as, a witless man.
LESS, lis, adj. The comparative of little ; opposed
to greater.
LESS, l<5s, s. A smaller quantity, a smaller degree,
LESS, lis, adv. In a smaller degree, in a lower oe-
gree.
LESSEE, les-set1,' s. The person to whom a lease i»
given.
To LESSEN, lis^sn, v. a. 103. To dimini.-h in
bulk ; to diminish the degree of any quality ; to de-
grade, to deprive of power or dignity.
T» LESSEN, lis-sn, v. n. To grow less, to shrink.
LESSER, l<5s-sur, adj. 98. A barbarous corruption
of I c-s.
LESSON, lesisn, j. 1 70. Any thing read or repeal*
cu to a teacher ; precept, notion inculcate d ; potUUM
LEV
803
LIB
167, n5t 183 — tfcbe 171. t&b 172, bill 173 — 511 299— p<S&nd SIS— */»in 466— TH?s 4C9.
of scripture read in divine service ; tune pricked for an
instrument ; a rating lecture.
LESSOR, 13s-sor, *. 166. One who lets any thing
to farm, or otherwise, by lease.
LEST, l£st, or le^st, con;'. That not ; for fear that.
J£5> Almost all our orthoepists pronounce this word
both ways ; but the former seems to be by much the more
general. This word is derived from the adjective least}
but it is not uncommon for words to change their form
when they change their class. Dr. Wallis's advice to
spell the superlative of little lessest, has not yet been fol-
lowed, and probably never will ; and therefore there is no
necessity for Dr. Lowth's expedient to distinguish these
words by spelling the conjunction least, like the adjective.
But why we should sound the e long, contrary to the ana-
logy of spelling, while such a pronunciation confounds
the conjunction and the adjective, cannot be conceived.
The second pronunciation, therefore, ought to be explod-
ed.
To LET, l£t, v. a. To allow, to suffer, to permit ;
to put to hire; to grant to a tenant ; to suffer any thing
to take a course which requires no impulsive violence ;
to permit to take any state or course ; to Let blood, is
elliptical for To let out blood, to free it from confine-
ment, to suffer it to stream out of the vein ; to Let in,
to admit ; to Let off, to discharge ; to Let out, to lease
out, to give to hire or farm.
To LET, l£t, v. n. To hinder, to obstruct, to op-
pose. Not much used now.
LET, l£t, S. Hinderance, obstacle, obstruction, im-
pediment.
LETHARGICK, It-thbr'-fik, adj. 509. Sleepy by
disease, beyond the natural power of sleep.
LETHARGICKNESS, l£-f/iar£jik-n£s, s. Sleepiness,
drowsiness.
LETHARGY, 14/A-ar-j£, S. A morbid drowsiness, a
sleep from which one cannot be kept awake.
LETHE, \&-lh&, s. A poetical river of hell j oblivion,
a draught of oblivion.
LETTER, l£t-tfrr, s. 98. One who lets or permits ;
one who hinders ; one who gives vent to any tiling, as,
a blood-letter.
LETTER, l^t-t&r, s. One of the elements of sylla-
bles ; a written message, an epistle ; tne literal or ex-
' pressed meaning ; Letters without the singular, learn-
ing ; type with which books are printed.
To LETTER, l^t-t&r, v. a. To stamp with letters.
LETTERED, l£tit5.rd, adj. 359. Literate, educat-
ed to learning.
LETTUCE, l£t-tls, s. A plant. — See Asparagus.
LEVANT, l£-vant,' s. 494. The east, particularly
those coasts of the Mediterranean east of Italy.
Jf^ Milton has used this word as an adjective, with
the accent on the last syllable ; and Dr. Ash and Mr. Bar-
clay explain it by rising up, or becoming turbulent
" Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds."
In this case, also, the vowel e ought to have the long
sound. — See Legend.
LEVATOR, M-va-tSr, s. 166. 521. A chirurgical
instrument, whereby depressed parts of the skull are
lifted up.
LEUCOPHLEGMACY, Iu-k6-fl£gima-sd, s. Paleness,
with viscid juices and cold sweatings.
LEUCOPHLEGMATICK, Iu-k6-fleg-mat-lk, adj.
509. Having such a constitution of body where the
blood is of a pale colour, viscid, and cold.
LEVEE, l£v£ve, s. The time of rising ; the con-
course of those who crowd round a man of power in a
morning.
LEVEL, l£v-vll, adj. 99. Even, not having one
part higher than another ; even with any thing else, in
the same line with any thing.
To LEVEL, l£vVil, v. a. To make even, to free
from inequalities ; to reduce to the same height with
something else ; to lav flat ; to bring to equality of con-
dition ; to point in taking aim, to aim ; to direct to any
end.
To LEVEL, iSvivll, v. n. To aim at, to bring the !
gun or arrow to the same direction with the mark ; to
conjecture, to attempt to guess; to be in the same di-
rection with a mark j to make attempts, to aim.
LEVEL, lev^vfl, 5. A plane ; a surface without pro-
tuberanoet or inequalities ; rate, standard; a state ofj
equality; an instrument whereby masons adjust therr
work; rule, borrowed from the mechanic level ; the
line of direction in which any missile weapon is aimed ;
the line in which the sight passes.
LEVELLER, l£vivll-lftr, s. One who makes any thing
even ; one who destroys superiority, one who endea-
vours to bring all to the same state.
LEVELNESS, l£v-vll-n£s, s. Evenness, equality of
surface ; equality with something else.
LEVEN, l£viv£n, s. 103 Ferment, that which be.
Ing mixed in bread makes it rise and ferment; any
thing capable of changing the nature of a greater
mass.
LEVER, l^iv&r, *. 98. The second mechanical power,
used to elevate or raise a great weight.
LEVERET, l£v-vir-lt, s. A young hare.
LEVIABLE, I3v-vd a-bl, adj. 4O5. That may b«
levied.
LEVIATHAN, l£-vU£-*Mn, s. A large water animal
mentioned in the book of Job ; by some imagined the
crocodile, but in poetry generally taken for the whale.
To LEVIGATE, lev-ve-gate, v. a. To rub or grind
to an impalpable powder ; to mix till the liquor becomes
smooth and uniform.
LEVIGATION, l£v-d-ga-sh&n, i. The act of reduc-
ing hard bodies into a subtile powder.
LEVITE, Invite, $. 1 56. One of the tribe of Le-
vi, one born to the office of priesthood among the Jews ;
a priest, used in contempt.
LEVITICAL, ld-vlt-tti-kal, adj. Belonging to th«
Levites.
LEVITY, llv-vd-t£, s. Lightness ; inconstancy ;
unsteadiness ; idle pleasure, vanity ; trifling gayety.
To LEVY, llv-ve, v. a. To raise, to bring toge-
ther men ; to raise money ; to make war.
LEVY, l£v-vd, s. The act of raising money or men ;
war raised.
LEWD, litde, adj. 265. Wicked, bad ; lustful, li-
bidinous.
LEWDLY, lfrdeil£, adv. Wickedly; libidinously,
lustfully.
LEWDNESS, 16dein5s, s. Lustful licentiousness.
LEWDSTER, lide-st&r, s. 98. A lecher, one gi-
ven to criminal pleasures. Not used.
LEWIS-D'OR, lii-^-d6re/ s. A golden French coin,
in value about twenty shillings.
LEXICOGRAPHER, l£ks-d-k&g-graf- &r, t. 518.
A writer of dictionaries.
LEXICOGRAPHY, I5ks-e-k&gigraf- £, s. The art or
practice of writing dictionaries.
LEXICON, l£ksi£-k&n, s. 166. A dictionary, com-
monly of the Greek language.
LEY, 1&, «. A field.
Jj^- This word and Key are the only exceptions to the
general rule of pronouncing this diphthong when the ao
cent is on it — See Principles, No. 269.
LIABLE, li-a-bl, adj. 405. Obnoxious, not exempt,
subject.
LIAR, ll'&r, j. 88. 418. One who tells falsehood*,
one who wants veiacity.
LlBATION, ll-ba-sh&n, s. 128. The act of pour-
ing wine on the ground in honour of some deity ; the
wine so poured.
LlBBARD, Hbib&rd, s. 83. A leopard.
LlBEL, li-b£l, S. A satire, defamatory writing, a
lampoon i in the civil law, a declaration or charge in
writing against a person in court.
To LlBEL, 11-b^l, v. n. To spread defamation, ge-
nerally written or printed.
To LlBEL, li-b^l, v. a. To satirize, to lampoon.
LIBELLER, li-b£l-lur, *. A dcfamer by writing, *
lampooner.
LIBELLOUS, Ii-b4l-lus, adj. Defamatory.
LIBERAL, lib-b£r-al, adj. 88. Not mean, not tow
in birth; becoming a gentleman ; munificent, generous^
bountiful See Legislative.
LIBERALITY, lib-ber-aW-tt*, s. Munificence,
bounty, generosity.
LIE
301
LIF
559- Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fat 31 — ml 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107— ni ] 62, mive 164,
To LIBERALIZE, Hbi£r-al-lze, v. a. To make li-
beral.
LIBERALLY, HbibeV-ral-e1, adv. Bountifully, largely.
To LIBERATE, lib^r-ate, v. a. 91. To free from
confinement.
LIBERATION, lib 3r-a£shan, j. The act of deliver-
ing, or being delivered.
LIBERTINE, Hbib^r-tin, s. 150. One who lives
without restraint or law ; one who pavs no regard to
the precepts of religion ; in law, a freedman, or rather
the son of a freedman.
LIBERTINE, Ilbib5r-tln, adj. Licentious, irreligious.
LIBERTINISM, llb^b^r-tln-lzm, s. Irreligion, li-
centiousness of opinions and practice.
LIBERTY, lltA^r-t^, *. Freedom as opposed to sla-
very ; freedom as opposed to necessity; privilege, ex-
emption, immunity; relaxation of restraint; leave,
permission. — See Legislature.
LIBIDINOUS, Iti-blcU^-n&s, adj. 128. Lewd, lust-
fuL
LIBIDINOUSLY, l£-bl<Ud-n&s-l£, adv. 128. Lewd-
ly, lustfully.
LiBRAL, 11-bral, adj. 88. Of a pound weight.
LIBRARIAN, H-bra-re-an, s. 128. One who has
the care of a library.
LIBRARY, li^bra-re, i. A large collection of books;
the place where a collection of books is kept.
To LlBRATE, lUbrate, v. a, 91. To poise, to ba-
lance.
LiBRATlON, li-braish&n, s. 128. The state of be-
ing balanced ; in astronomy, I.ibration is the balancing
motion or trepidation in the firmament, whereby the
declination of the sun, and the latitude of the stars,
change from time to time.
LlBRATORY, li-bra-t&r-£, adj. 512. Balancing,
playing like a balance. — For the o, see Domciticlc.
LlCE, Use. The plural of Louse.
LICEBANE. liseibane, s. A plant.
LICENSE, li^nse, s. Exorbitant liberty, contempt
of legal and necessary restraint ; a grant of permission ;
liberty, permission.
To LICENSE, lUse'nse, v. a. To set at liberty ; to
permit by a legal grant.
LICENSER, li-s£n-s&r. s. 98. A granter of permis-
sion.
LICENTIATE, Il-s5n£sh£-ate, j. 91. A man who
uses license ; a degree in Spanish universities.
To LICENTIATE, 11-s^n-shd-ate, v. a. To permit,
to encourage by license.
LICENTIOUS, il-s^n^shfis, adj. 128. Unrestrained
by law or morality ; presumptuous, unconfined.
LICENTIOUSLY, ll-s£nishus-l£, adv. With too
much liberty.
LICENTIOUSNESS, ll-s£n£shfis-n§s, *. Boundless li-
berty, contempt of just restraint
To LlCK, Ilk, v. a. To pass over with the tongue ;
to lap, to take in by the tongue ; to Lick up, to de-
vour.
LlCK, Ilk, i. A blow. Vulgar.
LICKERISH, tik^r-lsh,
LICKEROUS, Hk^r-6s,
of food; delicate, tempting the appetite.
LlCKERlSHNESS, lik^r-lsh-n£s, «. Niceness of pa-
late.
LICORICE, llk-kir-ls, s. 1 42. A root of sweet taste.
LlCTOR, Ilk-tar, s. 166. A Roman officer, a kind
of beadle.
LlD, lid, s. A cover, any thing that shuts down
over a vessel ; the membrane that, when we sleep or
wink, is drawn over the eye.
LlE, 11, i. 276. Any thing impregnated with some
other body, as soap or salt.
Jf5> I have differed from Mr. Sheridan, and agree with
every other orthoepist in giving this word the same sound
•s lie, a falsehood.
Ll£, li, t 276. A criminal falsehood ; a charge of
falsehood ; a fiction. — See stpptitdix.
.
• Niceinthecho.ee
To LlE, li, v. rt. To utter criminal falsehood.
To LIE, 11, v. n. To rest horizontally, or with very
great inclination against something else; to rest, to
lean upon ; to be reposited in the grave ; to be in a state
of decumbiture ; to be placed or situated ; to press upon,
to be in any particular state ; to be in a state of con-
cealment ; to be in prison ; to be in a bad state ; to con-
sist ; to be in the power, to belong to ; to be charged in
anv thing, as, an action Lieth against one ; to cost, as,
it Lies me in more money ; to Lie at, to importune, to
tease ; to Lie by, to rest, to remain still ; to Lie down,
to rest, to go into a state of repose ; to Lie in, to b«
in childbed ; to Lie under, to be subject to ; to Li*
upon, to become an obligation or duty ; to Lie with, to
converse in bed.
LlEF, iWf, adj. 275. Dear, beloved.
LlEF, l£^f, adv. Willingly. Used now on.y in f»-
miliar speaking.
LlEGE, 14£dje, adj. 275. Bound by feudal tenure,
subject; sovereign.
LlEGE, l^dje, s. Sovereign, superior lord.
LIEGEMAN, l<^djeiman, s. 88. A subject.
LlEGER, lie-jfir, s. 98. A resident ambassador.
LlEN, lU£n. The participle of Lie. Lain. Obso-
lete.
LlENTERiCK, ll-£n t£rirlk, adj. 509. Pertaining
to a lientery.
LlENTERY, iWn-te'r-ri, s. A particular looseness,
wherein the food passes suddenly through the stomach
and guts.
Jf^- For the propriety of accenting this word on the
first syllable, see Dysentery. That Dysentery, Meientery,
and Lientery, ought to have the same accentuation, can
scarcely be doubted ; and yet, if we consult our Diction-
aries, we see an unaccountable diversity.
Dysentery- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, W
Johnston, Perry, Entick, Bailey, Barclay
Dyseritery- Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Keiirick, Bu-
chanan, Penning.
Mefrrdtry - Mr. Sheridan, Buchanan, Dr. Ash, Ba>
clay, Entick, Kenrick.
Meseritery - Bailey, Fenning.
Ltentety - Dr. Johnson, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Sheridan,
Dr. Ash, Buchanan, Entick.
Lieritery - Bailey, Barclay, Fenning.
LIER, li'&r, s. 418. One that rests or lie* down.
LlEU, 16, !• 284. Place, room, stead.
LIEVE, l£ev, adv. Willingly.
LIEUTENANCY, leV-t£n-nan-s£, i. The office of »
lieutenant; the body of lieutenants.
LIEUTENANT, l£v-t£n-nant, s. 285. A deputy,
one who acts by vicarious authority ; in war, one who
holds the next rank to a superior of any denomination.
Jf5" This word is frequently pronounced by good speak-
ers as if written Livtenant. The difference between th«
short i and short e is so trifling as scarcely to deserve no-
tice : but the regular sound, as if written Letctenant,
seems not so remote from the corruption as to make us
lose all hope that it will, in time, be the actual pronun-
ciation.
LIEUTENANTSHIP, leV-tSninant-shlp, s. Th«
rank or office of lieutenant.
LlFE, life, *. plur. Lives. Union and co-operation
of soul with body; present state; enjoyment or posses-
sion of terrestrial existence ; blood, the supposed vehi-
cle of life; conduct, manner of living with respect to
virtue or vice ; condition, manner of living with re-
spect to happiness and misery ; continuance of our pre-
sent state ; the living form, resemblance exactly copied ;
common occurrences, human affairs, the course of
things; narrative of a life past; spirit, briskness, viva-
city, resolution; animated existence, animal being;
a word of endearment-
LlFEBLOOD, llfe-bl&d, s. The blood necessary to
life.
LIFEGIVING, lifeiglv-lng, adj. Having the power
to give life.
LIFEGUARD, llfe-gyard/ j. 92. The guard of a
king's person.
g5> This word is vulgarly pronounced Livegvard, at
if opposed to a Deadguard.
LIFELESS, llfeil&s, adj. D«ad ; unanhmted ; wli^
oyt power or fore*.
LIG
805
LIM
»6r 1ST, nit 1S3 — tiibe 171, t&b 172, b&H 173 — 511 299 — pflund 313 — tttin 466 — THis 469.
Without vigour,
LIFKLESSLY, llfe-l£s-l<i, adv.
without spirit.
LIFELIKE, life-like, s. Like a living person.
LiFESTUING, life-string, s. Nerve, strings imagin-
ed to convey life.
LIFETIME, lift-time, s. Continuance or duration
of life.
LlFEWEARY, Ilfe-w£-r4 adj. Wretched, tired of
living.
To LlFT, lift, v. a. To raise from the ground, to
elevate ; to exalt ; to swell with nride. Uo is some-
times emphatically added to Lift.
Composing
To LlFT, lift, v. n. To strive to raise by strength.
LlFT, lift, *. The act or manner of lifting j a hard
struggle, as, to help one at a dead lift.
LlFTEB, llf-t&r, s. 98. One that lifts.
To LlG, llg, v. n. To lie. Obsolete.
LIGAMENT, Hg-gS-m£nt, *. A strong compact
substance which unites the bones in articulation ; any
thing which connects the parts of the body; bond,
chain.
LlGAMENTAL,
LlGAMENTOUS,
a ligament.
LIGATION, li-ga-sh&n, s. The act of binding ; the
state of being bound.
LIGATURE, llgigS-tfare, s. Any thing bound on,
bandage; the act of binding ; the state of being bound.
LlGHT, lite, *. 393. That quality or action of the
. medium of sight by which we see; illumination of
mind, instruction, knowledge ; the part of a picture
which is drawn with bright colours, or on which the
light is supposed to fall ; point of view, situation, direc-
tion in which the light falls ; explanation ; any thing
that gives light, a pharos, a taper.
LlGHT, lite, adj. Not heavy ; not burdensome, easy
to be worn, or carried ; not afflictive, easy to be endur-
ed; easy to be performed, not difficult, not valuable;
easy to be acted on by any power ; active, nimble ; un-
encumbered, unembarrassed, clear of impediments;
Blight, not great ; easy to admit any influence, unstea-
dy, unsettled ; gay, airy, without dignity or solidity ;
not chaste, not regular in conduct; bright, clear; not
dark, tending to whiteness.
LlGHT, lite, adv. Lightly, cheaply.
To LlGHT, lite, t>. a. To kindle, to inflame, to set
on fire; to give light to, to guide by light ; to illumi-
nate ; to lighten, to ease of a burden.
To LlGHT, lite, v. n. To happen, to fall upon by
chauce ; to descend from a horse or carriage ; to fall in
any particular direction ; to fall, to strike on ; to settle,
to rest.
To LIGHTEN, 11-tn, v. n. 1O3. To flash with
thunder; to shine like lightning; to fall or light.
To LIGHTEN, li-tn, r. a. To illuminate, to enlight-
en ; to exonerate, to unload ; to make less heavy ; to
exhilarate, to cheer.
LIGHTER, llteifir, $. 98. A heavy boat into which
(hips are lightened or unloaded.
LIGHTERMAN, lite'&r-man, *. 88. One who ma-
nages a lighter.
LlGHTFlNGERED, lite-fingig&rd, adj. 359. Nim-
ble at conveyance, thievish.
LlGHTFOOT, liteiffit, adj. Nimble in running or
dancing, active.
LlGHTFOOT, llteifut, S. Venison.
LIGHTHEADED, lite - he'd - £d, ad}. Unsteady,
thoughtless ; delirious, disordered in the mind by dis-
ease.
LlGHTHEADEDNESS, lite-he'd^d-n^S, «. Deliri-
ousness, disorder of the mind.
LlGHTHEARTED, Iite-hdr-t5d, arf;. Gay, merry.
LIGHTHOUSE, llu-'hd&se, s. A high building, at
the top of which lights are hung to guide ships at sea.
LlGHTLEGGED, litf-legd,' adj. 359. Nimble, swift.
LlGHTLESS, llte-l£s, adj. Wanting light, dark.
LIGHTLY,
adv. Without weight, without
deep impression ; easily, readily, without reason ; cneer-
fully ; not chastely ; nimbly, with agility ; gayly, airily,
with levity.
LlGHTMINOED, lite-minded, adj. Unsettled, un-
steady.
LIGHTNESS, llte^nis, s. Levity, want of weight ;
inconstancy, unsteadiness; unchastity, want of con-
duct in women ; agility, nimble-ness.
LIGHTNING, llte-nlng, *. The flash that precede*
thunder ; mitigation, abatement.
LIGHTS, lites, s. The lungs, the organs of breathing.
LIGHTSOME, llte-s&m, adj. Luminous, not dark,
not obscure, not opaque ; gay, airy, having the power
to exhilarate.
LlGHTSOMENESS, llteis&m-n£s, s. Luminousnera,
not opacity, not obscurity; cheerfulness, merriment,
levity.
LlGNALOES, llg-niUioze, *. Aloes wood.
LIGNEOUS, llg-n<*-&s, adj. Made of wood ; wood-
en, resembling wood.
LlGNUMVIT-ffi, llg-n&m-vlit^, s. Guaiacum, »
very hard wood.
LlGURE, li-gfire, s. 544. A precious stone.
LIKE, like, adj. Resembling, having resemblance ;
equal, of the same quantity ; for Likely, probable,
credible ; likely, in a state that gives probable expec-
tations.
LlKE, like, S. Some person or thing resembling
another ; near approach, a state like to another state.
LlHE, like, adv. In the same manner, in the same
manner as; in such a manner as befits; likely, pro-
bably.
To LlKE, like, v. a. To choose with some degree
of preference ; to approve, to view with approbation.
To LlKE, like, t;. n. To be pleased with.
LIKELIHOOD, llke-le-hud, s. Appearance, show ;
resemblance, likeness ; probability, verisimilitude, ap-
pearance of truth.
LlKELY, llke^, adj. Such as may be liked, such
AS may please ; probable, such as may, in reason, be
thought or believed.
LlKELY, like-le, adv. Probably, as may reason-
ably be thought.
To LlKEN, liMcn, v. a. 103. To represent as hav-
ing resemblance.
LIKENESS, HkeinSs, *. Resemblance, similitude ;
form, appearance; one who resembles another.
LIKEWISE, like-vuze, adv. 140. In like man-
ner, also, moreover, too.
LlKING, 11-klng, adj. Plump, in the state of plump-
ness.
LlKING, IKklng, s. Good state of body, plumpnes* ;
state of trial ; inclination.
LlLACH, li-15k, s. A tree.
J£^» This word is pronounced by the vulgar as if writ.
ten Laylock. The word comes from the French, and
the corruption seems to have obtained in the same man-
ner as in China, but not so universally. — See China.
LlLIED, UMld, adj. 283. Embellished with lilies.
LlLY, lll-l£, s. A flower.
LILY-DAFFODIL, BWA-dJWA^B, *. A
flower.
LlLY OF THE VALLEY, HlMe-&v-TH<*-vali|e, *.
The May lily.
LlLYLIVERED, HUl^-llv-V&rd, adj. 359. Whit*
livered, cowardly.
LlMATURE, IRmJ-tire, s. Filings of any metal*,
the part icles rubbed off by a file.
LlMB, llm, s. 847. A member, a jointed or articu-
lated part of animals ; an edge, a border.
To LlMB, llm, v. a. To supply with limbs ; to tenr
asunder, to dismember.
LIMBECK, Hmibek, $. A still.
LIMBED, llmd, adj. 359. Formed with regard to
limbs.
LlMBER, llmib&r, adj. 98. Flexible, easily bent,
pliant.
LiMUERNESS, llm-bfir-nes, s- Flexibility, pliancy.
LIN
300
LIQ
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — me 93, met 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 164,
ING, ling, s. Heath ; a kind of tea-fish.
'o LINGER, ling-g&r, v. n. 409. To remain long '
in languor and pain ; to hesitate, to be in suspense ; to
remain long ; to remain long without any action or de-
termination ; to wait long in expectation or uncertain-
ty ; to be long in producing effect.
JNGERER, ifng-g&r-UT, s. 557. One who lingers.
ilNGERINGLY, Hngig&r-ing-le, adj. 98. With
delay, tediously.
,INGO, ling-go, s. Language, tongue, speech. A
low word.
.INGUACIOUS, lln-gwa^sh&s, adj. 4O8. Full of
tongue, talkative.
.INGUADENTAL, ling-gwa-din-tal, adj. Uttered
by the joint action of the tongue and teeth.
JNGUIST, ling-gwist, s. 331. A man skilful in
languages.
.INGWORT, ling^wurt, s. An herb.
.iINIMENT, lin-ne-m^nt, S. Ointment, balsam.
,INING, iKning, s. 410. The inner covering of
any tiling; that which is within.
INK, lingk, s. 408. A single ring of a chain ; any
thing doubled and closed together; a chain, anything
connecting ; any single part of a series or chain of con-
sequences ; a torch made of pitch and hards.
To LlNK, lingk, v. a. To unite, to join in concord ;
to join ; to join by confederacy or contract ; to connect ;
to unite in a regular series of consequences.
INKBOY, lingk-bo^, s. A boy that carries a torch
to accommodate passengers with light.
LlNNET, lin-nit, s. 99. A small singing bird.
LlNSEED, lin^se<Jd, *. The seed of flax.
INSEYWOOLSEY, HnlsA-W&Usi, ad;. Made of li-
nen and wool mixed ; vile, mean.
LINSTOCK, linistik, *. A staff of wood with a
match at the end of it, used by gunners in firing cannon.
LlNT, lint, 5. The soft substance commonly called
flax ; linen scraped into soft woolly substance to lay on
sores.
LlNTEL, lin-t£l, s. That part of the door-frame
that lies across the door-posts over head.
LlON, li'&n, *. 166. The fiercest and most mag-
nanimous of four-footed beasts.
LIONESS, li-&n-n£s, $. A she lion.
{£v» There is a propensity pretty general of pronounc-
ingtrie e in this and similar words like short t : but this
Denunciation, however pardonable in light colloquial
peaking, would be inexcusable in reading or deliberate
.peaking.
LIONLEAF, ll'&n-lefe, s. A plant.
LlP, lip, S. The outer part of the mouth, the mus-
cles that shoot beyond the teeth; the edge of any
thing ; to make a lip, to hang the lip in sullenness and
contempt.
LlPLABOUR, liplla-bur, s. Action of the lips with-
out concurrence of the mind.
LIPOTHYMOUS, Ii-p5i/j-e-m&s, adj. 128. Swoon-
LlMBO, lim-bo, t. A region bordering on hell,
in which there is neither pleasure nor pain ; any place
of misery or restraint.
LlME, lime, s. A viscous substance drawn over
twigs, which catches and entangles the wings of birds
that light upon it ; matter of which mortar is made ;
the linden tree ; a species of lemon.
To LlME, lime, v. a. To entangle, to ensnare; to
smear with lime ; to cement ; to manure ground with
lime.
LIMEKILN, llme-kil, j. Kiln in which stones are
burnt to lime.
LIMESTONE, lime-stone, *. The stone of which
lime is made.
LlME-WATER, limeiwa-t&r, s. It is made by pour-
ing water upon quick-lime.
LIMIT, lim-mit, s. Bound, border, utmost reach.
To LIMIT, lim-mit, v. a. To confine within cer-
tain bounds, to restrain, to circumscribe; to restrain
from a lax or general signification.
LIMITARY, lim-mit-tar-e, adj. Placed at the
boundaries as a guard or superintendanL
LIMITATION, lim-me-ta-sh&n, 3. Restriction, cir-
cumscription; confinement from a lax or undetermi-
nate import.
To LlMN, lim, v. a. 411. To draw, to paint any
thing.
LIMNER, lim-n&r, * 411. A painter, a picture
maker.
LIMOUS, H-m&s, adj. 544. Muddy, slimy.
LlMP, limp, *. A halt.
To LlMP, limp, v. n. To halt, to walk lamely.
LiMPID, lim-pid, adj. Clear, pure, transparent.
LlMPIDNESS, lim-pid-n£s, s. Clearness, purity.
LlMPINGLY, limpi-lng-l^, adv. In a lame halt-
ing manner.
LlMPIT, limipit, *. A kind of shell fish.
LIMY, li-me, adj. Viscous, glutinous ; containing
lime.
To LlN, lin, v. n. To stop, to give over.
LINCHPIN, linsh^pin, s. An iron pin that keeps
the wheel on the axletree.
LlNCTUS, lingk-t&s, s. 408. Medicine licked up by
the tongue.
LlNDEV, linAl&n, S. The lime tree.
LlNE, line, i. Longitudinal extension ; a slende
string; a thread extended to direct any operations
the string that sustains the angler's hook ; lineaments
or marks in the hands or face; outline; as much as i
written from one margin to the other, a verse ; rank
work thrown up, trench; extension, limit; equator
equinoctial circle ; progenv, family ascending or de-
scending ; one-tenth of an inch.
To LINE, line, t'. a. To cover on the inside ; t<
put any thing in the inside; to guard within;
strengthen by inner works ; to cover over.
LINEAGE, lin-n^-aje, j. 113. Race, progeny, family
hough I do not consider the ea in this and th
following words as a diphthong, they are, in colloquia
pronunciation, squeezed so close together as almost to co:
lesce. This semisyllabic separation (as it may be called
1», perhaps, not improperly expressed by spelling th
words lin-yage, I'm-yal, tic.
LlNEAL, lin-ne-al, adj. 113. Composed of lines
delineated; descending in a direct genealogy; claimec
by descent; allied by direct descent.
LlNEALLY, Qati-U-U, adv. In a direct line.
LINEAMENT, lin-ne-^-m^nt, s. Feature, discrimi
nating mark in the form.
LINEAR, lin-ne-ar, adj. 113. Composed of lines
having the form of lines.
LlNEATION, lin-^-aish&n, *. Draught of a line o
lines.
LINEN, lintnin, s. 99. Cloth made of hemp or fla
LlNEN, lin-nin, adj. Made of linen, resemblii
linen.
LINEN-DRAPER, llninin-dra-p&r, *. He who dea
In Lu-.en.
ing, fainting
LlPOTHYMY,
ingfit.
s. 128. Swoon, faint-
LIPPED, lipt, adj. 359. Having lips.
LlPPITUDE, lip^-p^-tude, S. Blearedness of eyes.
LlPWISDOM, lip-wiz-d&m, J. Wisdom in talk with-
out practice.
LlQUABLE, lik-kwa-bl, adj. Such as may be melted.
LIQUATION, ll-kwa-sh&n, s. 331. The art of
melting; capacity to be melted.
To LIQUATE, li-kwate, v. n. 544. To melt, to
liquefy.
LIQUEFACTION, lik-kw^-fakishun, s. The act of
melting, the state of being melted.
LIQUEFIABLE, likikw<Ui-a-bl, adj. 183. Such
as may be melted.
To LIQUEFY, lik-kw^-fl, v. a. To melt, to dis-
solve.
To LIQUEFY,
liquid.
v. n. 1 82. To grow
LIT
307
LIV
nflr 167, niV. 163— tibe 171, tfib 178, b&ll 173— All 299 — pJSnd 313— Ma 466 — THIS 4(59
LlQUESCENCY, Il-kw3sis4n-s<5, *. Aptness to melt.
LIQUEUR, 14-kure,' s. A flavoured dram.
LIQUESCENT, li-kwe's-sent, adj. 510. Melting.
LIQUID, lik-kwld, adj. 340. Not solid, not form-
ing one continuous substance, fluid ; soft, clear ; pro-
nounced without any jar or harshness ; dissolved, so as
not to be attainable by law.
LIQUID, lik-kwld, s. Liquid substance, liquor.
To LIQUIDATE, llk-kwe-date, v. a. To clear a-
way, to lessen debts.
LIQUIDITY, l£-kwld-4-te, s. Subtilty ; the property
or state of being fluid.
LjQUIDNESS, llk-kwld-nls, s. Quality of being
liquid, fluency.
LlQUOR, llk-kfrr, s. 314.415. Any thing liquid;
strong drink, in familiar language.
To LIQUOR, llk-kur, v. a. 183. To drench or
moisten.
To LlSP, lisp, v. n. To speak with too frequent ap-
pulses of the tongue to the teeth or palate.
I JSP, lisp, s. The act of lisping.
LlSPER, lisp'&r, s. 98. One who lisps.
I JsT, list, S. A roll, a catalogue ; enclosed ground,
in which tilts are run, and combats fought ; desire, will-
ingness, choice ; a strip of cloth ; a border.
To LIST, list, v. n. To choose, to desire, to be dis-
posed.
To LIST, list, v. a. To enlist, enrol, or register ;
to retain and enrol soldiers ; to enclose for combats ; to
sew together, in such a sort as to make a party-coloured
show ; to hearken to, to listen, to attend.
LISTED, listed, adj. Striped, party-coloured in
long streaks.
To LISTEN, lisisn, v. a. 103. 472. To hear, to
attend. Obsolete.
To LISTEN, lls-sn, v. n. To hearken, to give at-
tention.
LISTENER, lls^sn-fir, s. One that hearkens, a
hearkener.
LISTLESS, llst-l£s, adj. Without inclination, with-
out any determination to one more than another ; care-
less, heedless.
LISTLESSLY, llst-le's-l^, adv. Without thought,
without attention.
I TSTI.ESSNESS, llst'l£s-n£s, s. Inattention, want
of desire.
LIT, lit. The preterit of To Light
KJ" The regular form of this word is now the most
correct.
LlTANY, llt-tan-e1, s. A form of supplicatory prayer.
LITERAL, llt-t£r-al, adj. According to the primi-
tive meaning, not figurative ; following the letter, or
exact words ; consisting of letters.
LITERALLY, llt-t£r-al-d, adv. According to the
primitive import of words; with close adherence to
words.
LlTERALITY, llt-t£r-ral-^-t£, x. Original meaning.
LITERARY, Ht-t<lr-a-r£, adj. Relating to letters or
learning; learned.
LITERATE, llt-£r-ate, adj. Learned ; skilled in
letters.
LITERATI, Ht-teV-rattl, s. The learned.
LITERATURE, llt-ter-ra-ture, «. Learning; skill
in letters.
LITHARGE, ll/A-arje, S. Lithargo is properly lead
vitrified, either alone or with a mixture ot copper
LlTHE, llTHe, adj. Limber, flexible.
LlTHENESS, llTH-n£s, s. Limberness, flexibility.
LITHESOME, llTH-sfrm, adj. Pliant, nimble, limber.
J£/» This word, in colloquial use, has contracted the i
in the first syllable, and changed the th. into s, as if writ-
ten lissum. This contraction of the vowel may be observ-
ed in several other words, and seems to have been a pre-
vailing idiom of our pronunciation. — Sse Principles, No.
5128. 5,5.
LITHOGRAPHY, H-</i5g%ra-te, s. 128. 518. The
art or practice of engraving upon stones.
LlTHOMANCY, llf/(-A-man-s£, s. 519. Predictio
by stones.
LITHONTRIPTICK, ll^-6n-trlpitlk, adj. ,530.
Any medicine proper to dissolve the stone in the kid-
neys or bladder.
LlTHOTOMIST, H-£/j6t-tO- mist, S. 128. A chiruii-
gcon who extracts the stone by opening the bladder.
LITHOTOMY, H-</t5tito-me, s. 128. 518. The
art or practice of cutting for the stone.
LITIGANT, llt-t^-gant, s. One engaged in a suit
of law.
LITIGANT, lltit^-gant, adj. Engaged in a juridV-
cal contest.
To LITIGATE, llt-t£-gate, v. a. To contest in law
to debate by judicial process.
To LITIGATE, litit^-gate, v. n. To manage a suit,
to carry on a cause.
LITIGATION, llt-t^-ga-sh&n, s. Judicial contest,
suit of law.
LITIGIOUS, l£-t!d'jfis, adj. Inclinable to law-suits,
quarrelsome, wrangling.
LlTIGIOUSLY, l^-tld-j&s-l^, adv. Wranglingly.
LITIGIOUSNESS, l£-tid-j&s-n£s, s. A wrangling
disposition.
LlTTER, llt-t&r, s. A kind of portable bed ; a car-
riage hung between two horses ; the straw laid under
animals ; a brood of young ; any number of things
thrown sluttishly about ; a birth of animals.
To LlTTER, lltit&r, v. a. 98. To bring forth, used
of beasts ; to cover with things negligently ; to covet
with straw.
LITTLE, llt-tl, adj. 405. Small in quantity ; dimi-
nutive ; a small dignity, power, or importance ; not
much, not many ; some.
LITTLE, llt-tl, s. A small space; a small part, »
small proportion ; a slight affair ; not much.
LITTLE, llt-tl, adv. In a small degree ; in a smaH
quantity ; in some degree, but not great ; not much,
LITTLENESS, llt-tl-ne!s, s. Smallness of bulk
meanness, want of grandeur; want of dignity.
LlTTORAL, Ilt-t6-rfil, adj. 88. Belonging to th«
shore.
LlTURGY, llt-t&r-je1, s. fForm of prayers, formulary
of publick devotions.
To LlVE, llv, t>. n. 157. To be in a state of ani-
mation ; to pass life in any certain manner with regard
to habit, good or ill, happiness or misery ; to continue
in life ; to remain undestroyed ; to converse, to coha-
bit; to maintain one's self; to be in a state of motion
or vegetation ; to be unextinguished.
LlVE, live, adj. 157. Quick, not dead ; active, not
extinguished.
LiVELESS, liveries, adv. Wanting life. Obsolete.
— See Lifeless.
LIVELIHOOD, Hveil<*-hud, s. 157. Supjort of
life, maintenance, means of living.
LIVELINESS, live-l£-n<5s, s. Appearance of life
vivacity, sprightliness.
LIVELONG, HvM5ng, adj. 157. Tedious, long in
passing; lasting, durable.
LIVELY, live-1^, adj. 157. Brisk, vigorous j gay,
airy; representing life; strong, energetiek.
LIVELILY, live-lS-le, )
.', ... ' > adv. Briskly, vigorously
LIVELY, llveile, 5
with strong resemblance of life.
LlVER, llviv&r, s. 98. One who lives; one who
lives in any particular manner; one of the entrails.
LlVERCOLOUR, llv-v&r-k&l-J&r, adj. Dark red.
LlVERGROWN, llv-v&r-grone, adj. Having a great
liver.
LIVERWORT, llv-v&r-w&rt, s. A plant
LlVERY, llvivfir-d, s. 98. The act of giving or tak-
ing possession; release from wardship; the writ by
which possession is obtained ; the state of being kept at
a certain rate ; the clothes given to servant's; a particu-
lar rlress, a garb worn as a token or consequence of any
thing.
llv-v&r-^-man, t. 88. One who
LOB
803
LOG
K>- 5.59. File 73, fir 77, fill 83, fat 81 — m£ 93,
wears a livery, a servant of an inferior kind ; in Lon-
don, a freeman of some standing in a company.
LIVES, llvz. The plural of Life.
LlVID, ilv-Id, adj. Discoloured, as with a blow.
LlVIDlTY, 14-vid^e-t<J, S. Discoloration, as by a blow.
LIVING, llv-vlng, s. 410. Support, maintenance,
fortune on which one lives ; power of continuing life ;
livelihood ; benefice of a clergyman.
LlVINGLY, llv-vlng-le, adv. In the living state.
LlVRE, iKv&r, *. 416. The sum by which the
French reckon their money, very nearly tenpeuce-half-
penny English.
LlXIVIAL, Hk-slv^-al, adj. Impregnated with
salts like a lixivium ; obtained by lixivium.
LIXIVIATE, Hk-zlv-e-ate, adj. 91. Making a lix-
ivium.
LlXIVlUM, Hk-slvi-e-frm, s. Lie, water impregnated
with salt of whatsoever kind.
LlZARD, llz-zard, s. 88. An animal resembling a
serpent, with legs added to it.
LlZARDSTONE, Hzizard-stAne, s. A kind of stone.
Lo, 16 ! inter}. Look, see, behold.
LOACH, 16tsh, s. 352. A little fish.
LOAD, 16de, s. 295. A burden, a freight, lading ;
any thing that depresses ; as much drink as one can
bear.
To LOAD, l&de, v. a. To burden, to freight, to
encumber, to embarass; to charge a gun; to make
heavy.
LOAD, lAde, s. The leading vein in a mine.
LOADSMAN, I6dz-man, s. 88. He who leads the
way, a pilot.
LOADSTAR, lAdeistar, s. The pole-star, the cyno-
sure, the leading or guiding star.
LOADSTONE, lode-stAne, s. The magnet, the stone
on which the mariner's compass needle is touched to
give it a direction north and south.
LOAF, lofe, S. 295- A mass of bread as it is form-
ed by the baker ; any mass into which a body is wrought.
LOAM, 16me, s. 295. Fat unctuous earth, marl.
Jt^* This word is vulgarly pronounced as if written
loom; this pronunciation, however, is not only at variance
with the best usage, but with the most probable etymolo-
gy. Junius »[x;Hs it lome, as it undoubtedly ought to be
pronounced.
To LOAM, lAme, v. a. To tmear with loam, marl,
or clay ; to clay.
LOAMY, 16-m^, adj. Marly.
LOAN, lAne, ». 295. Any thing lent, any thing
delivered to another on condition of return or repay-
ment.
LOATH, 1A*A, adj. 295. Unwilling, disliking, not
ready.
To LOATHE, lArae, v. a. 467. To hate, to look
on with abhorrence; to consider with the disgust of sa-
tiety ; to see food with dislike.
LOATHER, loTH-&r, s. 98. One that loathes.
LOATHFUL, lATHiful, adj. Abhorring, hating;
abhorred, hated.
LOATHIXGLY, lATH-lng-l£, adv. In a fastidious
manner.
LOATHLY, 1AM-1£, adv. 295. Unwillingly, without
liking or inclination.
LOATHNESS, lA</i-n£s, *. Unwillingness.
LOATHSOME, l&TH-sum, adj. Abhorred, detesta-
ble ; causing satiety or fastidiousness.
LOATHSOMENESS, lATH-s&m-ne's, *. Quality of
raising hatred.
LOAVES, 16vz, j. 295. Plural of Loaf.
LOB, 15b, s. Any one heavy, clumsy, or sluggish ;
lob's pound, a prison ; a big worm.
To LOB, lol>, v. a. To let fall in a slovenly or lazy
manner.
LOBBY, Iftb^be', *. An opening before a room.
LORE, lobe, s. A division, a distinct part ; used
commonly for * part of the lungt.
m5t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n<S 162, mflve 164,
LOBSTER, lob-stur, ». 98. A shell fish.
LOCAL, lA^kal, adj. Having the properties of place j
relating to place ; being in a particular place.
LOCALITY, lA-kal^-te1, $. Existence in place, re-
lation of place or distance.
LOCALLY, 16ikal-le, adv. With respect to place.
LOCATION, lo-ka-shfrn, s. Situation with respect
to place, act of placing.
LOCKH 15k, s. An instrument composed of springs
and bolts, used to fasten doors or chests ; the part of tlie
gun by which fire is struck ; a hug, a grapple; any en-
closure; a quantity of hair or wool hanging together;
a tuft ; a contrivance to raise the water on a river or ca-
nal m;ide navigable.
To LOCK, 15k, v. a. To shut or fasten with locks ;
to shut up or confine as with locks ; to close fast.
To LOCK, 15k, v. n. To become fast by a lock ; to
unite by mutual insertion.
LOCKER, 15kik&r, s. 98. Any thing that is closed
with a lock, a drawer.
LOCKET, lokiklt, s. 99. A small lock, any catch
or spring to fasten a necklace or other ornament.
LoCKRAM, 15ki.krCnn, s. 88. A sort of coarse linen.
LOCOMOTION, lA-kA-mA-sh&n, s. Power of chang-
ing place.
LOCOMOTIVE, lA-kA-mAitlv, adj. Changing place,
having the power of removing or changing place.
LOCUST, 16-kdst, s. A devouring insect.
LOCUST-TUEE, lo^kfist-tree, s. A species of acacia.
LODESTAR, lodestar, s. See Loadstar.
LoDESTONE, lAde^stAne, s. See Loadstone.
To LODGE, 15dje, v. a. To place in a temporary
habitation ; to afford a temporary dwelling ; to place,
to plant; to fix, to settle ; to place in the memory ; to
harbour or cover ; to afford place ; to lay flat.
To LODGE, 15dje, v. n. To reside, to keep resi-
dence ; to take a temporary habitation ; to take up ro-
sidence at night ; to lie flat.
LODGE, 15dje, s. A small house in a park or forest ;
a small house, as the porter's lodge.
LODGER, l&djei&r, s. 98. One who lives in rooms
hired in the house of another; one that resides in any
place.
LODGING, lodje^Ing, s. 410. Temporary habita-
tion, rooms hired in the house of another ; place of re-
sidence; harbour, covert; convenience to sleep on.
LODGMENT, I5dje-mlnt, s. Accumulation of any
thing in a certain place; possession of the enemy'*
work — See Judgment.
LOFT, 15ft, s. A floor; the highest floor; rooms
on high.
LOFTILY, 15ftte-l£, adv. On high, in an elevated
place ; proudly, haughtily ; with elevation of language
or sentiment, sublimely.
LOFTINESS, 15f-te-ngs, s. Height, local eleva-
tion; sublimity, elevation of sentiment; pride, haugh-
tiness.
LOFTY, 15fit<*, adj. High, elevated in place; sub-
lime, elevated in sentiment; proud, haughty.
LOG, 15g, s. A shapeless bulky piece of wood ; a
Hebrew measure, which held a quarter of a cab, and
consequently five-sixths of a pint.
LOGARITHMS, 15g-a-r'u/imz, s. The indexes of the
ratios of numbers one to another.
LOGGATS, 15g-glts, s. 91. A play or game now
called Skittles, which see.
LOGGERHEAD, 15g'gur-hM, s. A dolt, a block-
head, a thickskull.
LOGGERHEADED, 15g%&r-h£d-ed, adj. Dull,
stupid, doltish.
LOGICK, 15d-jlk, s. Logick is the art of using rea-
son well in our inquiries after truth, and the commu-
nication of it to others.
LOGICAL, l&d-jlk-al, adj. Pertaining to logick ;
skilled in logick ; furnished with logick.
LOGICALLY, 15d-jti-kal-i*, adv. According to the
laws of logick.
LOO
809
LOR
n5r 167, nit 163— tiibe 171, tab 172, bill 173— oil 299— poSnd SIS — thin 466— THis 469.
LOGICIAN, lo-jlshi&n, ». A teacher or professor of
logick.
LOGMAN, log-mln, s. 88. One whose business is to
carry logs.
LOGOGRIPHE, log'5-grlf, s. A kind of riddle.
LOGOMACHY, 15-gom-J-k£, s. 518. A contention
in words, a contention about words — See Monnmaclty.
LOGWOOD, 16g-wud, s. A wood much used in
dying.
LoHOCK, 15-hok, s. Medicines which are now com-
monly called eclegmas, lambatives, or linctuses.
LOIN, loin, s. 299. The back of an animal carved
out by the butcher ; Loins, the reins.
To LOITER, lo^-t&r, v. n. 299. To linger, to
spend time carelessly
LOITERER, lo£-tur-&r, s. 98. A lingerer, an idler,
a lazy wretch.
To LOLL, 161, t>. n. 406. To lean idly, to rest la-
zily against any thing ; to hang out, used of the tongue.
LOMP, l&mp, S. 165. A kind of roundish fish.
LONE, 15ne, adj. Solitary ; single, without company.
LONELINESS, I5neil£-n&, s. Solitude, want of
company.
LONELY, 15neil£, adj. Solitary, addicted to solitude.
LoNENESS, 15ne-n£s, s. Solitude ; dislike of com-
pany.
LONESOME, I5ne£s&m, adj. Solitary, dismal.
LONG, 15ng, atlj. Not short ; having one of its ge-
ometrical dimensions in a greater degree than either o:
the other ; of any certain measure in length ; not soon
ceasing, or at an end ; dilatory ; longing, desirous
reaching to a great distance ; protracted, as, a long note
LONGBOAT, Iong£b5te, s. The largest boat be-
longing to a ship.
LONGEVITY, 15n-j§vi£-t£, j. 408. Length of life.
LONGIMANOUS, lon-jlm-mi-nis, adj. 518. Long-
handed, having long hands.
LONGIMETRY, lon-jtm£m£-tr£, s. 408. 518. Th
art or practice of measuring distances.
LONGING, long-Ing, s. 410. Earnest desire.
LONGINGLY, long-Ing-l£, adv. With incessan
wishes.
LONGITUDE, 16n-j£-tade, s. Length, the greates
dimension ; the circumference of the earth measura
from any meridian ; the distance of any part of th
earth to the east or west of any place ; the position o
any thing to east or west.
LONGITUDINAL, 16n-j£-tiiid<*-nil, adj. Measure
by the length, running in the longest direction.
LONGLY, long-le, adv. Longingly, with great lik
ing. Not used.
LONGSOME, long-sum, adj. Tedious, wearisome b
its length.
LONGSUFFERING, long-s&fif&r-Ing, adj. Patien
not easily provoked.
LONGWAYS, long-waze, adv. In the longitudina
direction.
LONGWINDED, 16ng-wlnd-£d, adj. Long-breathed
tedious. — See Wind.
LONGWISE, 15ng-wize, adv. 152. In the longitu
dinal direction.
LOO, 165, s. A game at cards.
LOOBILY, 155-b^-l^, adj. Awkward, clumsy.
LOOBY, 155-b£, s. 306. A lubber, a clumsy clown
LOOF, I65f, S. 306. It is that part aloft of the sh
which lies just before the che»&-trees as far as the bul
head of the castle.
To LOOF, luf, t;. a. To bring the ship close to th
wind.
LOOKED, 135ft, adj. 359. Gone to a distance.
To LOOK, 155k, v. n. 306. To direct the eye
or from any object ; to have the power of seeing ;
direct the intellectual eye ; to expect ; to take care,
watch ; to be directed "with regard to any object ;
have any particular appearance ; to se^m ; to have ai
air, mien, or manner; to form the an uaiiv «wrticula
manner : to look about one, to be alarmed, to be vigi-
lant; to look after, to attend, to take care of; to look
for, to expect ; to look into, to examine, to sift, to in-
spect closely ; to look on, to respect, to regard, to es-
teem, to be a mere idle spectator ; to look over, to ex-
amine, to try one by one ; to look out, to search, to
seek, to be on the watch ; to look to, to watch, to take
care of.
'o LOOK, 155k, v. a. To seek, to search for ; to
turn the eye upon ; to influence by looks ; to look out,
to discover by searching.
.OOK, 156k, interj. See ! lo ! behold ! observe !
,OOK, look, s. Air of the face, mien, cast of th«
countenance ; the act of looking or seeing.
.OOKER, I55k-6r, .t. 98. One that looks ; Looker
on ; spectator, not aeent.
,OOKING-GLASS, l56k-Ing-glis, s. Mirror, a glass
which shows forms reflected.
,OOM, 155m, s. 306. The frame in which tha
weavers work their cloth.
~"o LOOM, 155m, v. n. 306. To appear, to appear
at sea.
..OOM, loom, s. A bird.
..OON, 155n, s. 806. A sorry fellow, a scoundrel.
— See Lmvn.
,OOP, I55p, s. 306. A double through which a
string or lace is drawn, an ornamental double or fringe.
COOPED, I55pt, adj. 359. Full of holes.
..OOPHOLE, I55p-hole, s. Aperture, hole to give a
passage ; a shift, an evasion.
jOOPHOLED, 155p-h61d, adj. 359. Full of holes,
full of openings.
To LOOSE, loose, v. a. 306. To unbind, to unite
any thing fastened ; to relax ; to free from any thing
painful ; to disengage.
To LOOSE, I55se, v. n. To set sail, to depart by
loosing the anchor.
OOSE, l56se, adj. Unbound, untied ; not fast : not
tight; not crowded; wanton; not close, not concise;
vague, indeterminate; not strict, unconnected, ramb-
ling ; lax of body ; disengaged ; free from confinement ;
remiss, not attentive ; to break loose, to gain liberty ;
to let loose, to set at liberty, to set at large.
LOOSE, 155se, s. Liberty, freedom from restraint ;
dismission from any restraining force.
LOOSELY, I55se-l£, adv. Not fast, not firmly ;
without bandage; without union; irregularly, negli-
gently ; meanly ; unchastely.
To LOOSEN, 155-sn, v. n. 103. To part, to sepa-
rate.
To LOOSEN, ISo^sn, v. a. To relax any thing tied ;
to make less coherent ; to separate a coin pages ; to free
from restraint ; to make not costive.
LOOSENESS, I55st-n£s, s. State contrary to that of
being fast or fixed ; criminal levity ; irregularity ; lewd-
ness, unchastity ; diarrhoea, flux of the belly.
LOOSESTRIFE, I55se-strife, s. An herb.
To Lop, lop, v. a. To cut the branches of trees ;
to cut off any thing.
LOP, lop, S. That which is cut from trees ; a flea,
LOPPER, l&p-pfrr, s. 98. One that cuts trees.
LOQUACIOUS, 15 kwa-sh&s, adj. 414. Full of
talk ; babbling, not secret.
LOQUACITY, lo-kwis^s^-t^, s. Too much talk.
LORD, lord, s. 167. The Divine Being, Jehovah ;
monarch, ruler; master; a tyrant ; a husband ; a no-
bleman ; a general name for a peer of England ; an ho-
norary title applied to officers, as, lord chief justice,
lord mayor.
To LORD, lord, v. n. To domineer, to rule despo-
tically.
LORDING, iSr^dlng, S. Lord in contempt or ridicule.
LORDLING, lord-ling, S. 41O. A diminutive loid.
LORDLINESS, lordMe-n£s, s. Dignity, high sta-
tion ; pride, haughtiness.
LORDLY, lord-Id, adj. Befitting a lord ; proud, im-
pcrious, insolent.
LoRDLYi lord-le, adv. Imperiously, proudly.
LOV
310
LOW
559. File 73, far 77, fall 83, fit SI — me: 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, move 164,
LoVESUIT, Ifiv^sute, s. Courtship.
LOVETALE, luv^tale, s. Narrative of love.
LOVETHOUGHT, luvij/jHwt, *. Amorous fancy.
LoVETOYS, luv-to^z, s. Small presents given by
lovers.
LoVETRICK, luvitrlk, *. Art of expressing love.
LOUGH, 16k, s. 392. A lake, a large inland stand-
ing water.
LOVING, luv-lng, part. adj. Kind, affectionate j
expressing kindness.
LOTINGKINDNESS, luviing-kyindinJs, s. Tender-
ness, favour, mercy.
LOVINGLY, luv-iiig-l£, adv. Affectionately, with
kindness.
LOVINGNESS, luv£lng-n£s, S. Kindness, affection.
LouiS-D'OR, lu-^-doiv,' s. A golden coin of France,
valued at about twenty shillings.
To LOUNGE, lounje, v. n. To idle, to live lazily.
LOUNGER, loun-jur, s. An idler.
LOUSE, louse, s. 312. A small animal, of which
different species live and feed on the bodies of men,
beasts, and perhaps of all living creatures.
To LOUSE, louze, v. a. 437. To clean from lice.
LOUSEWORT, Iduse-wurt, s. The name of a plant.
LOUSILY, lou-ze-le, adv. In a paltry, mean, and
scurvy way.
LOUSINESS, lou-ze-nls, s. The state of abounding
with lice.
LOUSY, lou-z£, adj. Swarming with lice, over-run
with lice ; mean, low born.
LOUT, lout, s. A mean, awkward fellow, a bump*
kin, a clown.
To LOUT, lout, t'. n. 312. To pay obeisance, tt>
bow. Obsolete.
LOUTISH, lout-lsh, adj. Clownish ; bumpkinly.
LOUTISHLY, loutiish-14, adv. With the air of a
clown, with the gait of a bumpkin.
LOW, 16, adj. 324. Not high ; not rising far up-
wards; not elevated in situation ; descending far down-
wards, deep ; not swelling high, shallow, used of water ;
not of high price; not loud, not noisy ; late in time, as,
the Lower empire ; dejected, depressed ; abject ; dis-
honourable; not sublime, not exalted in thought or
diction ; reduced, in poor circumstances.
Low, 16, adv. Not aloft, not at a high price, mean-
ly; in times near our own; with a depression of the
voice ; in a state of subjection.
To Low, lou, or 16, v. n. To bellow as a cow.
85^ Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Buchanan, W.
Johnston, and Mr. Barclay, pronounce this word in the
last manner ; but Dr. Johnson, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares,
and Mr. Perry, in the first : and that this is the true pro-
nunciation there is little doubt ; not only as it is the more
general sound of the diphthong, 325, but as it is more ex-
pressive of the thing signified. The other sound is, in my
opinion, a novelty, and ought to be exploded. Without
laying much stress on Dryden's rhyme, it seems to con-
firm this opinion.
" Fair lo graced his shield ; but lo now,
" With horns exalted stands, and seems to lorv."
LoWBELL, 16ib£l, S. A kind of fowling in the
night, in which the birds are awakened by a bell, and
lured by a flame.
To LOWER, lo^&r, v. a. 98. To bring low, to
bring down by way of submission ; to suffer to sink
down ; to lessen, to make less in price or value.
To LOWER, l&ur, v. n. To grow less, to fall, to sink.
To LOWER, louiur, v. n. 323. To appear dark,
stormy, and gloomy, to be clouded ; to frown, to pout,
to look sullen.
J£5* Whether this word comes from the dutch loeren,
:o look askance, or from the English word lower, signify-
ng to look low, as the sky seems to do when it is heavy
md thick with clouds, (which is the much more probable
derivation ;) it certainly cries aloud for a different spelling
"rom lower, to make low. For the reasons, see the wordi
Flower, and Flour ; Bowl and Form.
LOWER, lou-ur, s. Cloudiness, gloominess; cloud*.
nesi of look.
LORDSHIP, lord-ship, j. Dominion, power ; seigni-
ory, domain ; title of honour used to a nobleman not a
duke; titulary compellation of judges, and some other
persons in authority.
LORE, lore, s. Lesson, doctrine, instruction.
To LORICATE, Htr-ri.ka.te, v. a. 168. To plate
over.
LORIMER, Iorini-m5r, 7 «• 98. 168. Bridle cut-
LORINER, lor-rti-nuT, £ ter.
LORN, lorn, adj. Forsaken, lost. Obsolete. — See
Forlorn.
To LOSE, lodze, v. a. 1 64. To forfeit by unlucky
contest, the contrary to win ; to be deprived of; to pos-
sess no longer; to have any thing gone so as that it can-
not be found or had again ; to bewilder; to throw away,
to employ ineffectually ; to miss, to part with so as not
to recover.
To LOSE, loSze, t;. n. Not to win ; to suffer loss ;
to decline, to fail.
LOOSEABLE, looz^a-bl, adj. 405. Subject to pri-
vation.
LOSER, Io5z£&r, s. 98. One that is deprived of any
thing, one that forfeits any thing, the contrary to win-
ner or gainer.
Loss, 16s, s. Forfeiture, the contrary to gain ; da-
mage ; deprivation ; fault, puzzle ; useless application.
LOST, list, jrret. of To Lose.
LOST, 15st, part, of To Lose.
LOT, lit, $. Fortune, state assigned ; a chance ; a
die, or any thing used in determining chances ; a por-
tion, a parcel of goods as being drawn by lot ; propor-
tion of taxes, as, to pay scot and lot.
LOTE-TREE, loteitrie, s. The lotos.
LOTION, loishun, i. A lotion is a form of medi-
cine compounded of aqueous liquids, used to wash any
diseased parts ; a cosmetick.
LOTTERY, lot-t&r-i, s. 557. A game of chance ;
distribution of priies by chance.
LOUD, loud, adj. 312. Noisy, striking the ear with
great force ; clamorous, turbulent.
LOUDLY, l6udM£, adv. Noisily, so as to be head
far ; clamorously.
LoUDNESS, I6ud-n£s, s. Noise, force of sound ;
turbulance, vehemence or furiousness of clamour.
To LOVE, luv, v. a. 165. To regard with pas-
sionate affection ; to regard with tenderness of affection ;
to be pleased with, to like; to regard with reverence.
Ix)VE, luv, s. 165. The passion between the sexes;
kindness, good-will, friendship, affection ; courtship,
tenderness; liking, inclination to; object beloved;
lewdness ; fondness, concord ; principle of union ; pic-
turesque representation of love, a cupid ; a word of en-
dearment, due reverence to God ; a kind of thin silk
stuff.
LOVEAPPLE, luv-lp.pl, s. 405. A plant, the fruit
of a plant.
LoVEKNOT, 15vin6t, *. A complicated figure, by
which affection is figured.
LovELETTER, l&vi-l^t-tur, ». Letter of courtship.
LOVELILY, luv£l£-l£, adv. Amiably.
LOVELINESS, l&vM^-n^s, *. Amiableness; quali-
ties of mind or body that excite love.
LOVELORN, luv-lorn, adj. Forsaken of one's love.
—See Forlorn.
LOVELY, l&v-l^, adj. Amiable ; exciting love.
LpVEMONGER, luv-mung-gur, s. One who deals
in affairs of love.
LOVER, luviur, *. 98. One who is in love ; a friend,
one who regards with kindness; one who likes any
thing.
LoL'VER, loo^vur, s. An opening for the smoke.
LoVESECRET, luv-s^-kr^t, s. Secret between lovers.
LOVESICK, l&vislk, adj. Disordered with love, lan-
guishing with amorous desire.
LovESOME, luv-surn, adj. Lovely. A word not
used.
LOVESONG, luv^song, s. Song expressing love.
LUC
311
LUM
167, not 163— tibe 171, lib 172, bill 173—311 299— pound 313— th\n 466— THis 469
LUCKLESS, lfikil&>, adj. Unfortunate, unhappy.
LUCKY, l&k-k^, adj. Fortunate, happy by chanc«.
LUCRATIVE, luikra-tlv, aiij. Gainful, profitable.
LUCRE, l&ik&r, s. 416. Gain, profit
LUCRIFEROUS, lu-krlWer-&s, adj. Gainful, profi-
ject depression
LOWLY,
LOWERINGLY, Iduriing-te, adv. With cloudiness,
gloomily.
LOWERMOST, I6£&r.m6st, adj. Lowest.
LOWLAND, 16-land, s. The country that is low in
respect of neighbouring hills.
LOWLILY, l6-l£-te, adv. Humbly, meanly.
LOWLINESS, l6-14-n£s, S. Humility ; meanness, ab-
. adj. Humble, meek, mild ; mean ;
not lofty, not sublime.
LOWN, 16&n, s. A scoundrel, a rascal, a stupid fel-
low. Properly Loon. Used chiefly in Scotland.
LOWNESS, I6in£s, s. Absence of height ; mean-
ness of condition ; want of rank ; want of sublimity ;
submissiveness ; depression ; dejection.
To LOWT, lout, v. a. To overpower. Obsolete.
LOWTHOUGHTED, 16-<Mwti4d. Having the thoughts
withheld from sublime or heavenly meditations ; mean
in sentiments, narrow-minded.
LOWSPIIUTED, 16-splr-lt-£d, adj. Dejected, de-
pressed, not lively,
pressed, not lively. ex itmg laughter.
LOXODROMICK, Iok-s6-drom£lk, s. Loxodromick LUDICROUSLY, luid£-kr&s-l£, adv. Sportively,
is the art of oblique sailing bv the rhomb. in burlesque.
table.
LUCRIFICK, Ki-krlfifik, adj. 509. Producing
gain, profitable.
LUCTATION, l&k-taish&n, s. Struggle, effort, con-
test.
To LUCUBRATE, luiku-brate, v. n. 503. To watch,
to study by night.
LUCUBRATION, l&-ku-braish&n, $. 533. study by
candle-light, any thing composed by night.
LUCUBRATORY, luik&-bra-tfir-4, adj. Composed
by candle-light.— For the o, see Domestick, 512.
LUCULENT, liAu-l£nt, adj. 503. Clear, transpa-
rent; certain, evident
LUDICROUS, luid<*-kr&s, adj. Burlesque, merry,
exciting laughter,
is the art of oblique sailing by the rhomb.
LOYAL, I3e-al, adj. 88. 329. Obedient, true to
the prince; faithful in love, true to a lady or lover.
LOYALIST, 16^-al-llst, s. One who professes uncom-
mon adherence to his king.
LOYALLY, l6£-al-ld, adv. With fidelity, with true
adherence to a king.
LOYALTY, lo&al-t£, s. Firm and faithful adher-
ence to a prince ; fidelity to a lady or lover.
LOZENGE, lozizinje, s. A rhomb ; the form of the
shield in a single lady's coat of arms ; Lozenge is a form
of a medicine made into small pieces, to be held or
chewed in the mouth till melted or wasted ; a cake of
preserved fruit.
Lu, 165, s. A game at cards.
LuBBARD, lub-b&rd, s. 88. A lazy sturdy fellow.
LUBBER, l&bib&r, s. 98. A sturdy drone, an idle
fat booby.
LUBBERLY, l&b-bur-ld, adj. Lazy and bulky.
LUBBERLY, l&b^b&r-le, adv. Awkwardly, clumsily.
To LUBRICATE, luibr^-kate, v. a. To make smooth
or slippery.
To LUBRICITATE, l&-brls^-tate, v. a. To smooth,
to make slippery.
LUBRICITY, lu-brlsisi-te, s. Slipperiness, smooth-
ness of surface ; aptness to glide over any part, or to fa-
cilitate motion; uncertainty, slipperiness, instability;
wantonness, lewdness.
LUBRICK, ]&-brlk, adj. Slippery, smooth ; uncer-
tain ; wanton, lewd.
LUBRICOUS, luUm^-k&s, adj. Slippery, smooth (
uncertain.
LUBRIFICATION, lu-br<Uf<*-kaish&n, t. The act
of smoothing.
LUBRIFACTION, li'i-br^-fakisli&n, *. The act of
lubricating or smoothing.
LtCE, luse, s. A pike full grown.
LUCENT, luis£nt, adj. Shining, bright, splendid.
LUCERNE, luis£rn, s. A kind of grass cultivated
as clover.
LUCID, lu^sld, adj. Bright, glittering, pellucid,
transparent; bright with the radiance of intellect, not
darkened with madness.
LUCIDITY,
s. Splendour, brightneM.
LUCIFEROUS, l&-si£f£r-fis, adj. 518. Giving light,
affording means of discovery.
LUCIFICK, Ih-slMk, adj. 509.
producing light
Making light,
LUCK, luk, s. Chance, accident, fortune, hap; for-
tune, good or bad.
LUCKILY, l&k-k£-l£, adv. Fortunately, by good hap.
LUCKINESS, luk£k£-n£s,
hap, casual happiness.
.
LuDlCROUSNESS, l&£d£-krfis-nls, *. Burlesque,
sportiveness.
LUDIFICATION, lu-dt*-f<*-kaish&n, s. The act ot
mocking.
To LUFF, l&f, v. n. To keep close to the wind. A
sea term.
To LUG, l&g, v. a. To haul or drag, to pull with
violence ; To lug out, to draw a sword, in burlesque
language.
To LUG, l&g, v. n. To lag, to come heavily.
LUG, l&g, s. A kind of small fish ; in Scotland,
an ear ; a land measure, a pole or perch.
LUGGAGE, l&gigldje, 3. 90. Any thing cumbroiw
and unwieldy.
LUGUBRIOUS, 16-gu-br^-fis, adj. Mournful, sor-
rowful.
I -XEWARM, l&keiwarm, adj. Moderately or mildly
warm ; indifferent, not ardent, not zealous.
LUKEWARMLY, luke-warm-M, adv. With moder-
ate warmth ; with indifference.
LUKEWARMNESS, luke^warm-n^s, *. Moderate or
pleasing heat ; indifference, want of ardour.
To LULL, Ifil, v. a. To compose to sleep by a pleas-
ing sound ; to quiet, to put to rest
LULLABY, l&l-la-bl, s. A song to still babes.
LUMBAGO, I&m-ba£g6, s. Lumbagos are pains very
troublesome about the loins and small of the back.
Jf5» This word is often pronounced with the Italian
sound of a, as heard in father ; but this mode of pro-
nouncing the accented a, in words from the Latin, has
been long and justly exploded.
LUMBER, l&mib&r, s. 98. Any thing useless or
cumbersome ; staves, wood, and various kinds of good*
in traffick, between the West-India islands and conti-
nent of North America.
To LUMBER, l&mib&r, v. a. To heap like useless
goods irregularly.
To LUMBER, l&mib&r, t'. n. To move heavily, a«
burdened with his own bulk.
LUMINARY, lfiim^-nar-r^, s. Any body which gives
light; any thing which gives intelligence; any one that
instructs mankind.
LUMINATION, lu-m£-na-sh&n, s. Emission of light.
LUMINOUS, IWmi-n&s, adj. 503. Shining, emit-
ting light ; enlightened ; bright
LUMP, l&mp, s. A small mass of any matter; a
shapeless mass ; the whole together, the gross.
To LUMP, l&mp, v- a. To take in the gross, with-
out attention to particulars.
LUMPFISH, lump-fish, s. A sort of fish.
,, „., „ ..,,. LUMPING, l&mpilng, adj. 410. Large, heavy, great.
Good fortune, good i LUMPISH, l&mpiish, adj. Heavy, grow, dull, uo-
I active.
«• Vigour, sprightlme**)
> adj. R
elating to the moon,
LUS 312 LYR
559. Fate 7S, far 77, fall 83, fat 81— me, 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162,m5ve 164,
LuSTFULNESS, Iustiful-n5s, «. Libidinoutne**.
LUSTIED, )us-t£-h£d,
LUSTIHOOD, lus-t£-hud,
corporeal ability.
LUSTILY, lus-te-le, adv. Stoutly, with vigour, with
mettle.
LUSTINESS, lusitel-n£s, s. Stoutness, sturdinesi,
strength, viorour of b dv.
LuSTRAL, lus'tral, adj. Used in purification.
LUSTRATION, lus-tra-stiun, *. Purification by wa-
ter.
LUSTRE, lus-tur, s. 416. Brightness, splendour,
glitter; a sconce with lights; eminence, renown; the
space of five vears.
LUSTRING, Ifisistrlng, 8. A shining silk. See
L »test> injf.
LUSTROUS, lus'trus, adj. Bright, shining, luminoiu.
LusTWORT, lustiwurt, s. An herb.
LusTY, lus-tt^, adj. Stout, vigorous, healthy, able of
body.
LuTANIST, lu-tin-lst, s. One who plays upon the
lute.
LuTARIOUS, lu-ta-re.-us, adj. Living in mud, at
the colour of m ud.
LUTE, lute, *. A stringed instrument of musick ; a
composition like clay, with which chemists close up
their vessels
To LuTE, lute, v. a. To close with lute or che-
mist's clay.
LUTESTRING, lute-string, ». Lustring, a shining
silk.
JK5- Thi« corruption of Lutestring for Lustring seem*
beyond recovery, and must be ranked with Asjaragia,
Cucumber, &c. which see.
LUTULENT, IWtshu-lent, adj. 461. 503. Muddy
turbid.
To Lux, luks, 7 v' °- To put out of joint,
To LUXATE, luksi-ate, £ to disjoint.
LUXATION, l&ks-a-shun, s. The act of disjointing ;
any tiling disjointed.
LUXE, luks, s. (A French word). Luxury, volun»
Ll'MPISHLY, lump-ish-lt*, adv. With heaviness,
with stupidity.
LrMPISHNESS, Iump-lsh-n3s, *. Stupid heaviness.
LUMPY, lumpi**, adj. Full of lumps, full of compact
masses.
LUNACY, lu-na-s£, ». A kind of madness influenced
by the moon.
LUNAR, lu-nar, 88.
LfNARY, lu-nar-4,
under the dominion of the moon.
LuNATED, lu-na-t£d, adj. Formed like a half moon.
LuNATICK lu-na-tlk, adj. 509. Mad, having the
imagination influenced by the moon.
LUNATICK, lui-na-tlk, «. A madman.
LUNATION, lu-na^shun, s. The revolution of the
moon.
LUNCH, Ifinsh, ? «• As much food as one's
LUNCHEON, lun-sh&n, 3 hand can hold.
LuNE, line, ». Any thing in the shape of a half.
moon: fits of lunacy or frenzy, mad freaks.
LUNETTE, lu-n&t/ s. A small half moon.
LUNGS,, l&ngz, *. The lights, the organs of respira-
tion.
LUNGED, l&ngd, adj. 359. Having lungs, having
the nature of lungs.
LuNG-GROWN, l&ng-grine, adj. The lungs some-
times grow fast to the skin that lines the breast, such
are lung-grown.
LUNGWORT, lung-wurt, ». A plant,
LuNISOLAR, lu-n£-s6Mar, adj 88. Compounded
of the revolution of the «un ami moon.
LUPINE, 16-pin, s. 140. A kind of pulse.
LURCH, lurtsh, s. A forlorn or deserted condition ;
a term at cards.
To LURCH, l&rtsh, v. a. To win two games instead
of one at cards; to defeat, to disappoint; to filch; to
pilfer.
LimCHER, lurtshi&r, *. 98. One that watches to
steal, or to betray or entrap.
LURE, lire, s. Something held out to call a hawk ;
any enticement, any thing that promises advantage.
LURID, lu-rld, adj. Gloomy, dismal. A yellow
colour bordering on a blue.
To LURK, lurk, v. n. To lie In wait, to lie hid-
den, to lie close.
LURKER, lurki&Ti s. 98. A thief that lies in wait
LURKING-PLACE, lurWng-plase, s. Hiding place,
secret place.
LUSCIOUS, lushi&s, adj. 357. Sweet, so as to nau-
seate ; sweet in a great degree ; pleasing, delightful.
LUSCIOUSLY, lusb-us-le, adv. With a great degree
of sweetness.
LuSCIOUSNESS, lushius-n£s, s. Immoderate sweet-
ness.
LUSERN, Iu-s3rn, s. A lynx.
LUSERNE, lu-s£rn, s. [A corrected spelling from
the French.] Lucerne, a kind of grass cultivated as
clover.
LUSH, lush, adj. Of a dark, deep, full colour, op-
posite to pale and faint. Obsolete.
LUSORIOUS, lu-si^re-fis, adj. Used in play, spor-
tive.
LUSORY, luis
see Dumrsticlc.
adj. Used in play.— For the o,
LUST, lust, s. Carnal desire ; any violent or irregu-
lar desire.
To LUST, lust, v. n. To desire carnally ; to desire
vehemently ; to list, to like; to have irregular disposi-
tions.
LUSTFUL, lust-ful, adj. Libidinous, having irregu-
lar or intemperate desires; provoking to sensuality, in-
citing to lust.
LUSTFULLY, lustiful-e, adv. With sensual concu-
piseenc*.
s. 479. Ex.
tuousness.
LUXURIANCE, lug-zuir£-anse,
LuXURIANCY, lug-zu-rtWin-s^,
uherance, abundant or wanton plenty or growth.
LUXURIANT, lug-zu-ri-ant, adj. 479. Exuberant,
superfluous, plenteous.
To LUXURIATE, lug-zu-nS-ate, v. n. To grow ex-
uberantly, to shoot with superfluous plenty.
LUXURIOUS, lug-zu-re-fis, adj. Delighting in the
pleasures of the table ; administering to luxury ; vo-
luptuous, enslaved to pleasure ; luxuriant, exuberant.
LUXURIOUSLY, lug-zu-rd-us-li, adv. Deliciously
voluptuously.
LUXURY, luk-shu-r^, s. Voluptuousness, addicted,
ness to pleasure ; luxuriance, exuberance ; delicioui
fare.
J£5» For an investigation of the true pronunciation of
this and the preceding words, see Principles, No. 479.
LYCANTHROPY, Ii-kani</fr6-pe, s. A kind of mad,
ness, in which men have the qualities of wild beasts.
LYING, 11-ing, 410. The active part, of Lie.
LYMPH, Hmf, *. Water, transparent colourless liquor.
LYMPHATICK, lim-fAt-ik, s. 509. A vessel con-
veying lymph.
LYMPHATICK, lim-flt-Ik, adj. Belonging to th«
lymph, conveying the lymph.
LYNX, llngks, s. 408. A spotted beast, remarka-
ble for speed and sharp sight.
LYRE, lire, s. A harp, a musical instrument.
LYRICAL, llrire-kal, ? ..
n / -i f adf- Pertaining to a harp,
T vnirv lir-rik \ ^
J-.1UKR, Ill-Ill^, J
or to odes or poetry sung to a harp ; singing to a harp.
LYRIST, ll-rlst, 3. 544. A musician wuoplayi upon
th« harp.
MAD
MAG
oSr 167, n5t 163 — tibe 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — oil 299— pSund 313— fAin 466 — THIS 469.
M.
JM ACAROONE, mak-a-ro3n,' s. A coarse,
rude, low fellow, whence Macaroniek poetry ; a kind
of sweet biscuit, made of flour, almonds, eggs, and su-
gar.
MACAW-TREE, ma-kawitr££, s. A species of the
palm-tree.
MACAW, ma-kaw,' s. A bird in the West Indies.
MACE, mase, s. An ensign of authority borne be-
fore magistrates ; a heavy blunt weapon ; a club of
metal ; a kind of spice. The nutmeg is enclosed in a
threefold covering, of which the second is Mace.
MACEBEAREK, mase-bare-frr, s. One who carries
the mace.
To MACERATE, mas£s£r-ate, v. a. To make lean,
to wear away ; to mortify, to harass with corporal hard-
ships ; to steep almost to solution, either with or with-
out heat.
MACERATION, mas-s3r-a-sh6n, s. The act of
wasting or making lean ; mortification, corporal hard-
ships: Maceration is, an infusion either with or without
heat, wherein the ingredients are intended to be almost
wholly dissolved.
MACHINAL, makik£-nal, adj. 353. Relating to
machines.
To MACHINATE, mak-k£-nate, v. a. To plan, to
contrive.
MACHINATION, mak-k£-na-sh&n,
contrivance, malicious scheme.
Artifice,
MACHINE, ma-sh£en,' s. 112. Any complicated
piece of workmanship; an engine; supernatural agen-
cy in poems.
MACHINERY, ma-she£n£er-e:, s. 112.
Enginery,
complicated workmanship ; the machinery signifies
that part which the deities, angels, or demons, act in a
poem.
MACHINIST, ma-sh^niist, i. A constructer of en-
gines or machines.
Jrt=- Some minor critics of the lowest form pronounce
thenrst syllable of this word as in Machinal, Machina-
tion, &c. with the first syllable as if spelled mack ; but
this arises from an ignorance of their respective etymolo-
gies : the former words are derived from the Latin ; and
Machinist is a formation of our own from the French
word Machine,
MACKEREL, mik£k3r-ll, s. A sea-fish.
MACKEREL-GACE, makikSr-11-gale, s. A strong
breeze.
MACROCOSM, makirA-kSzm, s. The whole world,
or visible system, in opposition to the microcosm, or
world of man.
MACTATION, mak-ta-sh&n, s. The act of killing
for sacrifice.
MACULA, mak-k6-la, s. 92. A spot. — See Lamina.
To MACULATE, mak^ku-late, v. o. To stain, to
spot.
MACULATION, mak-ku-lai-sh&n, s. stain, spot,
taint.
MACULE, maki&le, S. A spot or stain.— See Ani-
malcule.
MAD, mad, adj. Disordered in the mind ; distract-
ed ; overrun with any violent or unreasonable desire ;
enraged, furious.
To MAD, mid, v. a. To make mad, to make fu-
rious, to enrage.
To MAD, mad, v. n. To be mad, to be furious.
MADAM, madi&m, s. 88. The term of compliment
used in address to ladies of every degree.
MADBRAIN, madibrane,
MADBRAINED, mad-brand,
the mind, hot-headed.
MADCAP, mad-kap, s. A madman ; a wild, hot-
brained fellow.
To MADDEN, mad-dn, v. n, 103. To become mad,
to act as mad.
To MADDEN, mad^dn, r. a. To make mad.
mad-dur, «. 98. A plant.
Disordered in
MADE, made, 75. part. pret. of Make.
MADEFACTION, mad-dt* fakish&n, s. The act of
making wet.
To MADEFY, mad^d^-fl, v. a. To moisten, to make
wet.
MADHOUSE, madihSuse, s. A house where mad-
men are cured or confined.
MADLY, mad-l£, -adv. Without understanding.
MADMAN, madiman, s. 88. A man deprived of hit
understanding.
MADNESS, madin^S, *. Distraction ; fury, wild-
ness, rage.
MADRIGAL, mad-dr£-gal, s. A pastoral song.
MADWORT, mad-w&rt, s. An herb.
MAGAZINE, mag-g3,-z^n,' s. 1 1 2. A storehouse,
commonly an arsenal or armoury, or repository of pro-
visions; of late this word has signified a miscellaneous
pamphlet.
MAGGOT, magig&t, s. 1 66. A small grub which
turns into a fly ; whimsy, caprice, odd fancy.
MAGGOTTINESS, mag-gut-t<i-n£s, s. The state of
abounding with maggots.
MAGGOTT.Y, mag-g&t-£, adv. Full of maggots ;
capricious, whimsical.
JJ^- This word and its compounds, having the accent
on the first syllable, ought to be spelled with one t only.
See Bigoted.
MAGICAL, m5d-ji-kal, adj. Acting, or performed
by secret and invisible powers,
MAGICALLY, mad-j4-kal-£, adv. According to the
rites of magick.
MAGICK, mad-jlk, s. 544. The art of putting
in action the power of spirits ; the secret operation of
natural powers.
MAGICK, mad-jlk, adj. Incantatory ; necromantick.
MAGICIAN, ma-jlshian, *. 88. One skilled in ma-
gick, an enchanter, a necromancer.
MAGISTERIAL, mad-jls-t^-ri-al, adj. Such ai
suits a master ; lofty, arrogant, despotiek ; chemically
prepared, after the manner of a magistery.
MAGISTERIALLY, mad-jls-t££r£-al-£, adv. Ar-
rogantly.
MAGISTERIALNESS, rnad-jls-t££r£-al-n£s, *.
Haughtiness.
MAGISTERY, madij1s-t§r-£, s. A term in chemistry.
MAGISTRACY, madijls-tra-si, s. Office or dignity
of a magistrate.
MAGISTRATE, mad-jls-trate, s. 91. A man pub-
lickly invested with authority, a governor.
MAGNANIMITY, mag-na-nlm^-t^, s. Greatness
of mind, elevation of soul.
MAGNANIMOUS, mag-nanid-m&s, adj. Great of
mind, elevated in sentiment.
MAGNANIMOUSLY, mag-nanid-m&s-W, adv.
With greatness of mind.
MAGNET, mag-n£t, *. The loadstone, the stone that
attracts iron.
MAGNETICAL, reag-nSt
MAGNETICK, mag-ndt-tlk, 509.
ing to the magnet; having powers correspondent to
those of the magnet ; attractive, having the power to
draw things distant.
MAGNETISM, mag-ngt-izm, j. Power of the load-
stone, power of attraction.
MAGNIFIABLE, mag-n^-fl-a-bl, adj. 1 83. To be
extolled or praised. Unusual.
MAGNIFICAL, mag-nlf-f^-kal, } adj. Illustrioui,
MAGNIFICK, mag-nlMk, 509. £ grand.
MAGNIFICENCE, mag-nlf-f£-s£nse, s. Grandeur of
appearance, splendour.
MAGNIFICENT, mag-nlfif£-s5nt, adj. Grand in
appearance, splendid, pompous; fond of splendour,
setting greatness to show.
MAGNIFICENTLY, mag-nlfV£-s£nt-l£, adv. Pom-
pously, splendidly.
MAGNIFICO, mig-nififi-kA, «, A grandee at Ve-
niee.
u
Rclat-
MAI
MAL
&• 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m<* 93, m5t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nit 162, mflve 164,
MAGNIFIER, mag-ne-fi-ur, s. 98. One that praises
extravagantly ; a glass that increases the bulk of any
object.
To MAGNIFY, magine-fl, v. a. 183. To make
great, to exaggerate, to extol highly ; to raise in estima-
tion ; to increase the bulk of any object to the eye.
MAGNITUDE, inag^ne-tude, *. Greatness, gran-
deur ; comparative bulk.
MAGPIE, mag-pl, s. A bird sometimes taught to
talk.
MAHOGANY, ma-hig^i-n^, s. A solid wood brought
from America.
MAID, made, 202.
MAIDEN, maMn, 103.
man, a virgin ; a woman servant ; female.
MAID, made, x. A species of skate fish.
S. An unmarried wo-
Virginity, vir-
newness,
August, hav-
MAIDEN, ma^dn, adj. 103. Consisting of vir-
gins ; fresh, new, unused, unpolluted.
MAIDENHAIR, ma-dn-hare, s. A plant.
MAIDENHEAD, ma-dn-hed, }
MAIDENHOOD, ma-dn-hud, j
gin purity, freedom from contamination;
treshness/uncontaminated state.
MAIDE^TLIP, ma^dn-Hp, s. An herb.
MAIDENLY, ma^n-l^, adj. Like a maid, gentle,
modest, timorous, decent.
MAIDHOOD, made-hud, s. Virginity. Not used.
MAIDMARIAN, made-mareiyin, s. A kind of
dance.
MAIDSERVANT, made-s5r-vant, s. A female ser-
vant.
MAJESTICAL, ma-j3s-te-kal,
MAJESTICK, mi-jesitik, 509.
ing dignity ; stately, pompous, sublime.
MAJESTICALLY, ma-jesit£-kal-£, adv. With dig-
nity, with grandeur.
MAJESTY, mad-j&s-t£, *. Dignity, grandeur ; power,
sovereignty ; elevation ; the title of kings and queens.
MAIL, male, S. 202. A coat of steel network worn
for defence ; any armour ; a postman's bundle, a bag,
To MAIL, male, v. a. To arm defensively, to cover
as with armour.
To MAIM, mame, ». a. To deprive of any neces-
sary part, to cripple by loss of a limb.
MAIM, mame, s. Privation of some essential part,
lameness, produced by a wound or amputation; injury
mischief; essential defect.
MAIN, mane, adj. 202. Principal, chief; violent,
strong; gross, containing the chief part; important,
forcible.
MAIN, mane, S. The gross, the bulk; the sum, the
whole ; the ocean ; violence, force ; a hand at dice ;
the continent.
MAINLAND, mane-land,' s. The continent.
MAINLY, mane-le, adv. Chiefly, principally ; great-
ly, powerfully,
MAINMAST, mane-mist, s. The chief or middle
mast
MAINPRIZE, mane-prize, s. Delivery into the cus-
tody of a friend, upon security given for appearance.
MAINSAIL, mane-sale, s. The sail of a mainmast.
MAINSHEET, mane-sheet, s. The sheet or sail o
the mainmast.
MAINYARD, mane-yard, s. The yard of the main-
mast.
To MAINTAIN, min-tane,' v. a. To preserve, to
keep ; to defend, to make good ; to keep up, to sup
port the expense of; to support with the conveniences
of life.
To MAINTAIN, men-tane,' v. n. To support by
argument, to assert as a tenet.
MAINTAINABLE, men-taneil-bl, adj. Defensibl
justifiable.
MAINTAINER, me'n-taneiur, *. Supporter, che-
risher.
necessaries of life; support, protection; continuance,
security from failure.
MAINTOP, mane-tip,' *. The top of the mainmast.
MAJOR, ma'jur, adj. 166. Greater in number,
quantity, or extent ; greater in dignity.
MAJOR, ma-j&r, s. The officer above the captain ; a
mayor or head officer of a town ; the first proposition
of a syllogism, containing some generality; Major-ge-
neral, the general officer of the second rank ; Major-
domo, one who holds occasionally the place of master
of the house.
MAJORATION, mad-jA-ra-shun, s. Increase, en-
largement.
MAJORITY, ma-j&r^-t£, s. The state of being
greater ; the greater number ; full age, end of minor!
ty ; the office of a major.
MAIZE, maze, s. Indian wheat.
To MAKE, make, v. a. To create ; to form of ma
terials ; to produce as the agent ; to produce as a cause ;
to perform, to use ; to bring into any state or condition ;
to form ; to hold, to keep ; to establish in riches or hap-
piness ; to suffer, to incur ; to commit, to compel, to
force, to constrain ; to intend ; to raise as profit from
any thing ; to arrive at ; to gain ; to force, to gain by
force ; to put, to place; to incline ; to prove as an argu-
ment; to represent ; to constitute ; to amount to; to
mould, to form ; to Make away, to kill, to destroy; to
transfer; to Make account, to reckon, to believe; to
Make account of, to esteem, to regard ; to Make free
with, to treat without ceremony; to Make good, to
maintain, to justify; to fulfil, to accomplish ; to Make
light of, to consider as of no consequence ; to Make
love, to court, to play the gallant ; to Make merry, »
feast, to partake of an entertainment ; to Make much
of, to cherish, to foster ; to Make of, what to Make of,
is, how to understand ; to Make of, to produce from,
to efftct ; to consider, to account, to esteem ; to Make
over, to settle in the hands of trustees, to transfer ; to
Make out, to clear, to explain, to clear to one's self; to
prove, to evince ; to Make sure of, to consider as cer-
tain ; to secure to one's possession ; to Make up, to get
together ; to reconcile ; to repair ; to compose as of in-
gredients; to supply, to repair; to clear; to accomplish,
to conclude.
To MAKE, make, v. n. To tend, to travel, to go
any way, to rush ; to contribute ; to operate, to act as a
proof of argument, or cause : to concur ; to show, to
appear, to carry appearance ; to Make away with, to de-
stroy, to kill ; to Make for, to advantage, to favour ; to
Make up, to compensate, to be instead.
MAKE, make, *. Form, structure.
MAKEBATE, make-bate, s. Breeder of quarrels.
MAKER, ma-k&r, s. 98. The Creator, one who
makes any thing ; one who sets any thing in its proper
state.
MAKEPEACE, make-p^se, s. Peacemaker, recon-
ciler.
MAKEWEIGHT, make-wate, 5. Any small thing
thrown in to make up weight.
MALADY, mal-a-d^, s. A disease, a distemper, a
disorder of body, sickness.
MALANDERS, mal-an-durz, s. A dry scab on the
pastern of horses.
MALAPERT, mal-i-plrt, adj. Saucy, quick with
impudence.
MALAPERTNESS, malia-p£rt-n£s, s. Liveliness of
reply without decency; quick impudence, sauciness.
MALAPERTLY, mal-a-p£rt-le, adv. Impudently,
saucily.
MALE, male, adj. Of the sex that begets young,
not female.
MALE, male, s. The he of any species.
MALE, male, adj. In composition, signifies 111.
MALEADMINISTRATION, mak'-ad-min-nis-trai
shun, S. Bad management of affairs.
85- 1 have given the first syllable of this and the sue-
ceeding words, compounded of mule, the long sound of a,
because I look upon male as a prefix noc alterable in its
sound in words of our own composition, any more than
arch, fore, mis, pre, or vices arch and fate are used se-
parate'ly as adjectives, which is not the case with male;
but mis, pre, and i-ice, are never used out of composition,
MAINTENANCE, m£nit3n-anse, «. Supply of th ami are therefore exactly under the same predicament at
MAL
3)5
MAN
nflr 167, nit 163— tfcbe 171, t&b 172, b&ll 173— oil 299— pS&nd 313 — thin 466— THIS 469.
male ; DU not being a prefix of our own which we can ap-
ply to words at pleasure, alters the sound of s according
to the presence or absence of the accent, or the nature of
the succeeding consonants, (see Dis) ; but tins being ap-
plicable to any words, never alters the sound of s, 426.
Pre, when prefixed to words of our own, as pre-conccived,
pre-supposed, &c. never shortens the vowel, 530, 531,
532 ; and vice, in vice-president, vice-admiral, &c. might
as well be changed into vis-president, and vis-admiral, as
wale-content, and male-practice, into tnal-conlent, and
mal-pi active. But though almost all our Pronouncing
Dictionaries adopt the short sound of a, and some even
leave out the t, yet as analogy is so decidedly in favour
of the long sound, and custom is not unanimous, the long
sound ought certainly to have the preference with all who
aim at correctness and consistency. W. Johnston is the
only one who adopts this pronunciation ; and Barclay, by
putting a hyphen after male, seems to favour it. If cus-
tom has decided in favour of the short sound of a, the e
ought to be omitted in writing, and then the spelling and
sound would not be at variance ; but as this would lead to
Incurable evils in language, the pronunciation ought ra-
ther to conform to the orthography. — See Bowl.
It must be carefully observed, that formatives of our
own, as male-content, male-pi actice, &c. are under a very
different predicament from malversation, a pure French
word, and malevolent from the Latin malcvutus.
MALECONTENT, malt-k&n-t£nt,
MALECONTENTED, male-k&n-t4n£t5d,
Discontented, dissatisfied.
MALECONTENT, m&le-kftn-tdnt, s. One dissatis-
fied, one discontented.
MALECONTENTEDLY, male-kSn-t3n£t£d-l^, adv.
With discontent.
MALECONTENTEDNESS, male-k6n-t£n-t£d-n£s, s.
Discontentedness with government.
MALEDICTION, mal-le-dlk-sli&n, 3. Curse, exe-
cration, denunciation of evil.
MALEFACTION, mal-l<i-f;\kish&n, s. A crime, an
offence.
MALEFACTOR, mal-l^-fakit&r, j. An offender a-
gainst law, a criminal.
MALEFICK . mil-l£fif ik, adj. 509. Mischievous,
hurtful.
MALEPKACTICE, male-prak-tls, s. Practice con-
trary to rules.
MALEVOLENCE, ma-l£viv6-l£nse, s. Ill-will, in-
clination to hurt others, malignity.
MALEVOLENT, ma-lev-vo-l£nt, adj. ill-disposed
towards others.
MALEVOLENTLY, ma-l£v-v6-l£nt-l£, ado. Ma-
lignly, malignantly.
MALICE, mal-lls, s. 140. Deliberate mischief ; ill
intention to any one, desire of hurting.
MALICIOUS, ma-lish-Os, adj. Ill-disposed to any
one, intending ill.
MALICIOUSLY, ma-llshi&s-l^, adv. With malig-
nity, with intention of mischief.
MALICIOUSNESS, ma-llsh-as-n£s, s. Malice, in-
tention of mischief to another.
MALIGN, ma-line/ adj. 385. Unfavourable, ill-
disposed to any one, malicious ; infectious, fatal to the
boily, pestilential.
To MALIGN, ma-llne,' v. a. To regard with envy
or malice ; to hurt ; to censure.
MALIGNANCY, ma-llgi-nan-st*, s. Malevolence,
malice, destructive tendency.
MALIGNANT, ma-llg-iiant, adj. Envious, mali-
. cious ; hostile to life, as malignant fevers.
MALIGNANT, ma-llg-nant, s. A man of ill inten-
tion, malevolently disposed ; it was a word used of the
defenders of the church and monarchy by the rebel sec-
taries in the civil wars.
MALIGNANTLY, ina-llg-nant-l£, adv. "With ill
intention, maliciously, mischievously.
MALIGNER, mi-L'ne-ur, *. 386. One who regards
another with ill-will; a sarcastical censurcr.
MALIGNITY, mJUOgtn£-t£, S. Malice, destructive
tendency ; evilncss of nature.
MALIGNLY, mu-linc-le, adv. Enviously, with ill-
will.
MALKIN, maw-kin, s. A dirty wench.
MALL, m£l, *. A stroke, a blow. Obsolete. A
kind of beater or hammer ; a walk where they formerly
played with malls and balls.
$0-- This word is a whimsical instance of the caprice
of custom. Nothing can be more uniform than the sound
we give to a before double I in the same syllable ; and yet
this word, when it signifies a wooden hammer, has not
only changed its deep sound of a in all into the a in alley,
but has dwindled into the short sound of e in Mull, a
walk in St. James's Park, where they formerly played
with malls and balls, and from whence it had its name ;
and to crown the absurdity, a street parallel to this walk
is spelt Pall Mall and pronounced Pellmell, which con-
founds its origin with the Freach adverb pete mele. For
Bailey appears to derive the name of the street justly from
pellere maleo, to strike with a mallet. That this word
was justly pronounced formerly, we can scarcely doubt,
from the rhymes to it :
The monster ]
nade to fall." Sftnter.
" And give that reverend head a ma
" Or two or three against the wall."
Hvdibnu.
As a corroboration of this, we find a large wooden club
used for killing swine, called and spelt a mall, rhyming
with all i and the verb signifying to beat or bruise is spelt
and pronounced in the same manner. The word mallet,
where the latter / is separated from the former, is under
a different predicament, and is pronounced regularly. —
See Principles, No. 85.
MALLARD, maWard, s. 88. The drake of the wild
duck.
MALLEABILITY, mal-l£-a-biU£-t£, s. Quality of
enduring the hammer.
MALLEABLE, mal-l^-a-bl, adj. 113. Capable of
being spread by beating.
MALLEABLENESS, mal-14-i-bl-n3s, s. Quality of
enduring the hammer.
To MALLEATE, mal-l£-ate, t;. a. To hammer.
MALLET, mil-lit, s. 99. A wooden hammer.
MALLOWS, mal-16ze, s. A plant.
MALMSEY, mam-rd, $. 401. A sort of grape ; a
kind of wine.
MALT, malt, s. 79. Grain steeped in water and
fermented, then dried on a kiln.
MALTDUST, malUd&st, s. The dust of malt.
MALTFLOOR, malt-fl6re, s. A floor to dry malt
To MALT, malt, v. n. To make malt, to be made
malt.
MALTHORSE, maltihSrse, s. A dull dolt. Obsolete.
MALTMAN, mailman, 88. 7 s. One who make*
MALTSTER, maltist&r, $ malt.
MALVACEOUS, mil-va-sh&s, adj. Relating to mal-
lows.
MALVERSATION, mal-vgr-sa-sh&n, s. Bad shifts,
mean artifices.
MAMMA, mam-ma/ s. 77. The fond word for mo-
ther.
MAMMET, manumit, s. 99. A puppet, a figure
dressed up.
MAMMIFORM, mam-m£-form, adj. Having the
shape of paps or dugs.
MAMMILLAKY, mam£mll-li-r<J, atlj. Belonging to
the paps or dugs.
B- I have departed from Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott,
erry, fntick, Dr. Ash, Dr. Keurick, and Dr. John-
son, in the accentuation of this word, and agree with
Mr. Nares and Bailey in placing the stress upon the first
syllable of this and similar words, and as Dr. Johnson
himself has done on Axillary, ttaxWary, PapfOary. and
Capillary; and as all our orthoepists but Dr. Kennck, on
Miscellany. — See Academy.
MAMMOCK, mam-mak, s. 1 66. A large thauelos*
piece.
To MAMMOCK, mam-m&k, v. a. To tear, to pull
to pieces.
MAMMON, mamimin, s. 166. Riches.
MAN, man, 4.81. Human being, the male of the
human species ; a servant, an attendant ; a word of fa-
miliarity bordering on contempt ; it is used in a loose
signification like the French on, one, anyone; one <t
uncommon qualifications; individual, a moM.iuig
piece at chess or draughts ; Man of. war, a ship of war.
MAN
310
MAN
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 31 — me 93, met 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mjve 164,
To MAN, min, r. a. To furnish with men ; to
guard with men ; to fortify, to strengthen ; to tame a
hawk.
MANACLES,man-na-klz,s. 405. Chains forthehands
To MANACLE, man-nl-kl, v. a. To chain the
hands, to shackle.
To MANAGE, man-ldje, v. a. 9O. To conduct, to
canyon; to train a horse to graceful action; to go-
vern", to make tractable ; to wield, to move or use easi-
ly; to husband, to make the object of caution, to treat
with caution or decency.
T'> MANAGE, man-idje, v. n. 90. To superin-
tend affairs, to transact.
MANAGE, man-ldje, s. Conduct, administration;
a riding school ; management of a horse.
MANAGEABLE, manildje-a-bl, adj. Easy in the
u=e; governable, tractable
MANAGEABLENESS, manMdje-a-bl-n£s, *. Ac-
commodation to easy use ; tractableness, easiness to be
governed.
MANAGEMENT, manildje-m5nt, s. Conduct, ad-
ministration; practice, transaction, dealing.
MANAGER, man-ldje-ur, s. 98. One who has the
conduct or direction of any thing; a man of frugality,
a good husband.
MANAGERY, man-!d-j£r-re, *. Conduct, direction ;
administration; husbandry, frugality ; manner of using.
MANATION, ma-na^sh&n, s. The act of issuing
from something else.
MANCHET, mlnsh-It, s. 99. A small loaf of fine
bread.
MANCHINEEL, mantsb-In-£el/ i. A large tree, a
native of the West Indies.
fr*5- I do not hesitate to place the accent on the last
syllable of this word, as this stress, not only its form, but
the be*t usage, seems to require. Dr. Johnson and other
orthoepists place the accent in the same manner, contrary
to Mr. Sheridan, who places it on the first syllable.
To MANCIPATE, man^-pate, v. a. To enslave,
to bind.
MANCIPATION, m&n-si-paishin, s. Slavery, in-
voluntary obligation.
MANCIPLE, man-s^-pl, s. 405. The steward of a
community, the purveyor.
MANDAMUS, man-daim&s, s. A writ from the
court of King's Bench.
MANDARIN, man-da-re^n/ *. 112. A Chinese
nobleman or magistrate.
ft^f Dr. Johnson, and the other Lexicographers after
him, spell this word without the final e. It may be ob-
served, that most of these names from the East came to
us by missionaries, and the first accounts we have of these
countries are from the French, which accounts for the
manner in which we always here it pronounced.
MANDATARY, manida-tar-^, $.512. He to whom
the Pope has, by virtue of his prerogative, and his own
proper right, given a mandate for his benefice.
MANDATE, mandate, s. 91. Command; precept,
charge, commission, sent or transmitted.
MANDATORY, manida-t&r-e, adj. 512. Precep-
tive, directory. — For the o, see Domestick.
MANDIBLE, min-de-bl, s. 405. The jaw, the
instrument of manducation.
MANDIBULAR, man-dib^bii-lar, adj. Belonging to
the jaw.
MANDRAKE, mandrake, *. The root of this
plant is said to bear a resemblance to the human form.
To MANDUCATE, mankli-kate, v. a. To chew,
to eat.
MANDUCATION, man-di-ka'sh&n, *. Eating,
chewing.
MANE, mane, s. The hair which bangs down on
the neck of horses.
MANEATER, inan^te-ir, i. A cannibal, an an-
thropophagite.
MANED, inand, adj. 459. Having a mane.
MANES, ma-nez, s. Ghost, shade. — See MiUe-
ptdet.
llANFUL, mlii-ful, adj. Bold, stout, daring.
' MANFULLY, ma-niffil-£, adv. Boldly, stoutly.
' MANFULNESS, man-ful-nls, s. Stoutness, bold-
ness.
MANGE, manje, s. The itrh or scab in cattle.
^MANGER, mane-jur, s. 542. The place or vessel
in which animals are fed with corn. — See Change.
MANGINESS, mane-j^-n^s, s. Scabbiness, infection
with the mange.
To MANGLE, mangigl, v. a. 4O5. To lacerate, to
cut or tear piece-meal, or butcher.
MANGLER, mangigl-ur, s. A hacker, one that de.
stroys bunglingly.
MANGO, mangigA, *. A fruit of the isle of Java,
brought to Europe pickled.
MANGY, maneij£, adj. Infected with the mange,
scabby.
MANHATER, man-hate-&r, s. Misanthrope, one
that hates mankind.
MANHOOD, man-hud, s. Human nature ; virility,
not womanhood; virility, not childhood; courage,
fortitude.
MANIAC, ma-ne-ak, s. A mad person.
MANIAC, maine-ak, 505. ? a(\J- Raging
MANIACAL, ma-ni-a-kal, 506. $ witn madness.
MANIFEST, man-ne-f£st, adj. Plain, open, not
concealed; detected.
To MANIFEST, man^ne-flst, v. a. To make ap-
pear ; to show plainly, to discover.
MANIFESTATION, man-nd-f£s-ta-shun, s. Disco-
very, publication.
MANIFESTABLE, man-ne-f^ti-bl, adj. Easy to
be made evident
MANIFESTLY, man-ne-fest-le, adv. Clearly, evi-
dently.
MANIFESTNESS, manin£-f£st-n5s, s. Perspicuity,
clear evidence.
MANIFESTO, man-ne-fe'sitA, s. Publick protesta-
tion, a declaration in form.
MANIFOLD, manind-fold, adj. Of different kinds,
many in number, multiplied.
MANIFOLDLY, roan-n£-f6Jd-l£, adv. In a mani-
fold manner.
MANIKIN, man-nd-kln, s. A little man.
MANIPLE, mani4-pl, s. 405. A handful; a small
band of soldiers.
MANIPULAR, ma-nlp^pu-lar, adj. Relating to a
maniple.
MANKILLER, man-kll-lur, s. 98. Murderer.
MANKIND, man-kyind/ s. 498. The race or spe-
cies of human beings — See Guard.
If^y This word is sometimes improperly pronounced
with the accent on the first syllable, and is even marked
so by Dr. Ash. Milton, with his usual licence, some-
times places the accent in this manner :
•' Wliere he might likeliest find
" The only two of mankind, hut in them
" The whole Included race his purpos'd prey."
But Pope, in this particular, is a better guide, both in
prose and verse :
" The proper ttudy of mankind it man."— Bitay an Kan.
It may be asked, indeed, why mankind should not have
the accent on the first syllable as well as womankind! it
may be answered, that it has, when it is to distinguish it
from womankind ; but when it is used absolutely, it in-
cludes womankind; and to avoid the distinction which
an accent on the first syllable would imply, it very pro-
perly throws the accent on the general and not on the spe-
cific part of the word, 521.
MANLIKE, man-like, adj. Having the qualities of
a man, befitting a man.
MANLESS, man-l^s, adj. Without men, not man-
ned.
MANLINESS, manil£-n£s, s. Dignity, bravery, stout-
ness.
MANLY, man-le1, adj. Manlike, becoming a man,
firm, brave, stout.
MANNA, mati-na, t. 92. A delicious food distilled
MAN
81T
MAR
1S7, nit 163— tibe 171, tfib 178, bill 173— All 299 — pSind 313— 4/iln 466 — THIS 469,
from heaven for the support of the Israelites in their
passage through the wilderness ; a kind of gum, a gen-
tle purgative.
MANNER, man-nur, s. 418. Form, method; ha-
bit, fashion ; sort, kind ; mien, cast of look ; peculiar
way ; Manners, in the plural, general way of life, mo-
rals, habits ; ceremonious behaviour, studied civility.
MANNERIST, man-n&r-fst, 5. Any artist who per-
forms all his works in one unvaried manner.
MANNERLINESS, man-n&r-le-n&s, s. Civility, ee-
remonious complaisance.
MANNERLY, man-n&r-l£, adj. Civil, ceremonious,
complaisant.
MANNERLY, man-n&r-l£, adv. Civilly, without
rudeness.
MANNIKIN, man-n£-kln, s. A little man, a dwarf.
MANNISH, man-nlsh, adj. Having the appear-
ance of a man, bold, masculine, impudent.
MAN(EUVRE, man-i-v&r, s. An attempt, out of
the common course of action, to relieve ourselves, or
annoy our adversary ; and generally used in maritime
affairs.
jtv' This word, though current in conversation, and
really useful, is in no Dictionary I have met with. The
triphthong oeu has no correspondent sound in our language,
and I have given it what 1 thought the nearest to it; but
as the word seems to be universally adopted, it ought to
be anglicised, and maybe safely pronounced as I have
marked it, by those who cannot give it the exact French
cound.
MANOR, manin5r, s. 418. Manor signifies in
common law, a rule or government which a man hath
over such as hold land within his fee.
MANORIAL, mi-no^re-il, adj. Belonging to a ma-
nor.
MANSION, manishfin, *. Place of residence, abode,
house.
MANSLAUGHTER, manisliw-tftr, 3. Murder, de-
struction of the human species ; in law, the act of kil-
ling a man, not wholly without fault, though without
malice.
MANSLAYER, manisla-&r, «. Murderer, one that
has killed another.
MANSUETE, man-sw£te, adj. Tame, gentle, not
ferocious.
MANSUETUDE, man£sw4-t£ide, $. 334. Tameness,
gentleness.
MANTEL, m&n-tl, s. 103. Work raised before a
chimney to conceal it.
MANTELET, min.tA-14t^ s. A small cloak worn by
women ; in fortification, a kind of moveable penthouse,
driven before the pioneers, as blinds to shelter them.
MANTIGER, man-ti-gur, s. 98. A Urge monkey
or baboon.
MANTLE, m&u-tl, *. 405. A kind of cloak or gar-
ment.
To MANTLE, man^tl, v. a. To cloak, to cover.
To MANTLE, ma-n-tl, t;. n. To spread the wings
as a hawk in pleasure; to be expanded, to spread luxu-
riantly ; to gather any thing on the surface, to froth ; to
ferment, to be in sprightly agitation.
MANTOLOGY, man-t&l4S-j<i, & 518. The gift of
prophecy.
MANTUA, man-tsh&-£, s. 333. A lady's gown
Jt5" l^r- Johnson says this word was probably corrupted
from the French manttau : and Mr. Elphinston, in his
«eal for an homophonous orthography, as it may be cal-
led, says, " Manteau, not Mantua, Having given title to
the silk, the maker of maniocs, or mantows, will have the
honour of leading the fashions at the court of truth,
when, under so glorious patronage, she announces her-
self a Mantoemaker, or Mantowmaker. I'aduasoy is a si-
milar falsification of Podesvy, the Knglish offspring of the
French Poudesoie. The Italian cities are much obliged
to affectation for having so long complimented them at
her own expense. Guided by etymology, she had no
business with the sound ; and a stranger to analogy was
not likely to know, that a mantel, manioc, or clvke, was
probably the first silken task of the English Mantoema-
leer."
MANTUAMAKER, marAi-ina-kur, t. 333. One
who makes gowns for women.
MANUAL, min-&-al, adj. Performed by the hand ;
used by the hand.
MANUAL, man-di-al, s. A small book, such as may
be carried in the hand.
MANUDUCTION, man-nii-d&k-shJm, j. Guidance
by the hand.
MANUFACTORY, man-fa-fakit&r-^, t. A place
here a manufacture is carried on.
MANUFACTURE, man-nii-fak-tshi'ire, s. 461.
The practice of making any piece of workmanship ; any
thing made by an.
To MANUFACTURE, man-6-fakitsh6re, v. a.
463. To make by art and labour, to form by work-
manship.
MANUFACTURER, man-n£i-fak£tshft-r&r, *. A
workman, an artificer.
To MANUMISE, man-nft-mlze, v. a. To set free,
to dismiss from slavery.
MANUMISSION, man-n6-mlsh£&n, *. The act of
giving liberty to slaves.
To MANUMIT, man-ni-mlt/ v. a. To release
from slavery.
MANURABLE, ma-nfjira-bl, adj. 405. Capable of
cultivation.
MANURANCE, mi-niiranse, *. Agriculture, culti.
vation.
To MANURE, ma-nire,' v. a. To cultivate by ma-
nual labour ; to dung, to fatten with composts.
MANURE, ma-nbre,' s. Soil to be laid on lands.
MANUREMENT, ma-nireim£nt, *. Cultivation,
improvement.
MANURER, ma-ni-r&r, s. 98. He who manures
land, a husbandman.
MANUSCRIPT, manii-skrlpt, s. A book written,
not printed.
MANY, m5n-n£, adj. 89. Consisting of a great
number, numerous.
MANYCOLOURED, m£n-n£-kfil-l&rd, adj. Hav-
ing many colours.
MANYCORNERED, m^nind-kor-nfird, adj. Poly-
gonal, having many corners.
MANYHEADED, m3n-n£-h3d-£d, adj. Having
many heads.
MANYLANGUAGED, m£u-n& langigwldjd, adj.
Having many languages.
MANYPEOPLED, men-nd-p&'pld, adj. Nume-
rously populous.
MANYTIMES, m5nind-tlmz, adv. Often, frequently.
MAP, map, S. A geographical picture on which
lands and seas are delineated according to the longitude
and latitude ; a description of a country by lines drawn
on paper ; a view of an estate according to exact ad-
measurement.
To MAP, map, v. a. To delineate, to set down.
Little used.
MAPLE-TREE, maipl-trW, s. 405. A tree fre-
quent in hedge-rows.
MAPFERY, map-piir-^, s. The art of planning and
designing.
To MAR, mar, v. a. 78*. To injure, to spoil, t»
damage.
MARANATHA, mar-a-nai/jia, s. 92. It was a form
of denouncing a curse, or anathematising, an ong the
Jews.
t£5» Mr. Sheridan, in placing the accent on the second
syfEble of this word, differs from l)r. Johnson, and every
other orthocpist, who uniformly accent the word on the
third syllable, as 1 have done.
MARASMUS, ma-raz-mis, s. A consumption.
MARAUDER, ma-r6-dir, s. A soldier that roree
about in quest of plunder.
MARBLE, rm\r-bl, s. 405. Stones used in statues
and elegant buildings, capable of a bright polish ; little
balls of marble wnh which children play ; a stone re-
markable for the sculpture or inscription, as the Oxford
Marbles.
MARBLE, mar-bl, adj. Made of marble; variegated
like marble. „ r
MAR
813
MAR
559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 8?. fit 81 — m& 9S,m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — 116 162, m3ve 1<?4,
NT, mar-lent. 7
i ,.,J > t. The border, the
>*, margin, 3
To MARBLE, miribl, v. a. To variegate, or vein
like marble.
MARBLKHEARTED, maribl-hart-£d, adj. Cruel,
insensible, harJ-hearted.
MARCASITE, mari-ka-site, s. 155. The Marcasite
is a solid hard fossil frequently found in mines.
MARCH, martsh, s. 352. The third month of the
year.
To MARCH, martsh, v. n. To move in a military
form ; to walk in a grave, deliberate, or stately manner.
To MARCH, martsh, v. a. To put in military move-
ment ; to bring in regular procession.
MARCH, martsh, *. Movement, journey of soldiers ;
grave and solemn walk; signals to move; Marches,
without singular, borders, limits, confines. f
MARCHER, martsh-ur, «. 98. President of the
marches or borders.
MARCHIONESS, mar-tsh&n-4s, s. 288. 352. The
wife of a marquis.
MARCHPANE, martsh-pane, s. A kind of sweet
bread.
MARCID, mar^sld, adj. Lean, pining, withered.
MARCOUR, mar-k&r, s. 314. Leanness, the state
of withering, waste of flesh.
MARE, mare, s. The female of a horse ; a kind of
torpor or stagnation, which seems to press the stomach
with a weight ; the nightmare,
MARESCHAL, miKshal, j. A chief commander of
an army.
MARGARITE, mlriga-rlte, *. 155. A pearl.
MARGENT,
MARGIN
brink, the edge, the verge ; the edge of a page left blank ;
the edge of a wound or sore.
MARGINAL, marij£-nal, *. Placed or written on
the margin.
MARGINATED, marij£-na-t£d, adj. Having a mar-
gin.
MARGRAVE, marigrave, j. A title of sovereignty
in Germany.
MARIETS, mar-r£-£ts, s. 81. A kind of violet.
MARIGOLD, mari-r^-gAld, 5. 81. A yellow flower.
JJ^r- The a in the first syllable of this word is, by Mr.
Sheridan and Mr. Buchanan, pronounced long and slen-
der, as in the proper name Mary ; and this is supposed
to be the true sound, as it is imagined the flower was de-
dicated to the Blessed Virgin : But Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry,
and W. Johnston, give the a the short sound, as in mar-
ry; and in this they appear not only more agreeable to
general usage, but to that prevailing tendency- of shorten-
ing the antepenultimate vowel, which runs through the
language, 5<>3. 535. Losing the simple in the compound
can be no objection, when we reflect on the frequency- of
this coalition, 515. Nor is it unworthy of observation,
that gold, in this word, preserves its true sound, and is
not corrupted into goold.
To MARINATE, marW-nate, v. a. To salt fish,
and then preserve them in oil or vinegar. Not used.
MARINE, mi-rden,' adj. 112. Belonging to the
sea.
MARINE, mi-rWn/ s. Sea affairs; a soldier taken
on shipboard to be employed in descents upon the land.
MARINER, mar-rln-&r, s. 98. A seaman, a sailor.
MARJORAM, mar-jar-im, $. A fragrant plant of
many kinds.
MARISH, mar-lsh, *. A bog, a fen, a swamp, wa-
tery ground.
MARISH, mar-lsh, adj. Fenny, boggy, swampy.
Not used.
MARITAL, mar-r£-tal, adj. 88. Pertaining to a
husband.
MARITIMAL, ma-rlt-te-mal, 7 <«&'• Performed
MARITIME, mar-r4-tlm, 146. £ on the sea, ma-
rine ; relating to the sea, naval ; bordering on the sea.
MARK, mark, s. 81. A token by which any thing
is known ; a token, an impression : a proof, an evi-
dence ; any thing at which a missile weapon is directed ;
the evidence of a horse's age; Marque, French, license
of reprisals; a sum of thirteen shillings and four-
pence ; a character made by those who cannot write
their names.
To MARK, mark, v. a. To impress with a to-
ken or evidence ; to note, to take notice of.
To MARK, mark, v. n. To note, to take notice.
MARKER, markifir, s. 98. One that puU a mark
on any thing ; one that notes or takes notice.
MARKET, mar-kit, s. A publick time of buying
and selling ; purchase and sale ; rate, price.
To MARKET, marikit, v. a. To deal at a market,
to buy or sell.
MARKET-BELL, mar-klt-b£l,' s. The bell to give
notice that trade may begin in the market.
MARKET-CROSS, mar-klt-kris,' s. A cross set up
where the market is held.
MARKET-DAY, mar-klt-da/ s. The day on which
things are publickly bought and sold.
MARKET-FOLKS, marikit-loks, s. People that
come to the market. — See Folk.
MARKET-MAN, rnar-klt-man, s. 88. One who
goes to the market to sell or buy.
MARKET PLACE, mar-kit-plase, *. Place where
the market is held.
MARKET-PRICE, marMdt-prlse, 7
MARKET-RATE, marikit-rate, J * The pnc*
at which any tiling i» currently sold.
MARKET-TOWN, mar-klt-toun, *. 521. A town
that has the privilege of a stated market, not a village.
MARKETABLE, mariklt-a-bl, adj. Such as may
be so:d, such for which a buyer may be found ; current
In the market.
MARKSMAN, marks-man, s. 88. A man skilful to
hit a mark.
MARL, marl, s. A kind of clay much used for
manure.
To MARL, marl, v. a. To manure with marl.
MARLINE, mar-lln, s. 140. Long wreaths of un-
twisted hemp dipped in pitch, with which cables are
guarded.
MARLINESPIKE, margin-spike, *. A small piec«
of iron for fastening ropes together.
MARLPIT, marl-pit, s. Pit out of which marl is
dug.
MARLY, mar-1^, adj. Abounding with marl.
MARMALADE, mariraa-lade,
MARMALET, marima-l<k,
quinces boiled into a consistence with sugar.
MARMOKATION, mar-uiA-raislitm, s. Incrusta-
tion with marble.
MARHOREAN, inar-m&nUan, adj. Made of mar-
ble.
MARMOSET, mar-mi-zSt/ s. A srrall monkey.
MARMOT, mar-mOot,' s. The marmotto or mus nl-
pinus.
MARQUEES, marikwls, s. The right word for what
is now usually written and called Slanjuis.
MARQUETRY, marik^t-tre, s. Chequered work,
work inlaid with variegation.
MARQUIS, mar'kvls, s. In England, one of th«
second order of nobility, next in rank to a duke.
MARQUISATE, mar-kwlz-ate, s. 91. The seigniory
of a marquis.
MARRER, marirfir, *. 98. One who spoils or hurts.
MARRIAGE, iriarirldje, s. 81. 90. 274. The act
of uniting a man and woman for life.
MARRIAGEABLE, mar-rklje-a-bl, adj. Fit for wed-
lock, of age to be married ; capable of union.
MARRIED, marMd, adj 283. Conjugal, connubial.
MARROW, mariro, s. 327. An oleaginous substance
contained in the bones.
MARROWBONE, mar-r6-bAne, s. Bone boiled for
the marrow ; in burlesque language, the knees.
MARROWFAT, mariro-fat, s. A kind of pea.
MAUROWLESS, mar-r<i-l£s, adj. Void of marrow.
To MAIIUY, mar-r^, v, a. 81. To join a uwn
*' The
MAS
819
MAS
oAr 167, n5t 163 — tribe 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 511 299— pSftnd 313— ih\n 466 — THw 469.
no MASH, mash, v. a. To beat into a confused
m.iss ; to mix malt and water together in brewing.
MASK, mask, s. 79. A cover to disguise the face,
a visor ; any pretence or subterfuge ; a festive entertain-
ment in which the company is masked ; a revel ; a piece
of mummery ; a dramatick performance, written in a
tragick style, without attention to rules or probability.
To MASK, mask, v. a. To disguise with a mask or
am! a woman ; to dispose of in marriage, to take for
husband or wife.
I'<> MARRY, mar-ri, v. n. To enter into the con-
jugal state.
MARSH, marsh, s. SI. A fen, a lx>g, a swamp.
MARSH-MALLOW, marsh-mal-16, s. A plant
AlAHSH-MARiGOLD, marsh-mar-n*-g&ld, s. A
flower. — See Marigold.
MARSHAL, mar-shal, s. The chief officer of arms ;
an officer who regulates combats in the lists ; any one
who regulates miik or order at a feast ; a harbiiigcr, a
pursuivant.
To MARSHAL, marshal, «>. a. To arrange, to
rank in order ; to lead as a harbinger.
MARSHALLER, mt&hll-ttr, s. 98. One that ar-
ranges, one that ranks in order.
MARSHALSEA, marishal-s^, «. The prison belong,
ing to the marshal of the king's household.
MARSHALSHIP, miKsb al-shlp, s. The office of a
marshal.
MARSHELDER, marsh- 51id&r, *. ^A gelder rose.
MARSHROCKET, marsh-r6k-klt, *. 99. A species
of watercresses.
MARSHY, marshi£, adj. Boggy, fenny, swampy;
produced in marshes.
MART, mart, s. A place of publick traffick ; bar-
gain, purchase and sale ; letters of mart — See Mark.
To MART, mart, v. a. To traffick.
MARTEN, mar-tin, *. 99. A large kind of weasel,
whose fur is much valued ; a kind of swallow that
builds in houses, a martlet.
MARTIAL, mar-shil, adj. 88. Warlike, fighting,
brave ; having a warlike show, suiting war ; belonging
to war, not civil.
MARTIN, maritln, ^
MARTINET, mar- tln-4t^ C s. A kind of swallow.
MARTLET, mart-l^t, j
MARTINET, mar-tln-£t,' s. French. An officer
over-nice in discipline.
MARTINGAL, mar'tin-gal, 5. A broad strap made
fast to the girths under the belly of a horse, which runs
between the two legs to fasten the other end under the
noseband of the bridle.
MARTINMAS, maritln-mfis, s. 88. The feast of
St Martin, the eleventh of November, commonly cal-
led Martilmas or Martlemas.
MARTYR, maritur, s. 418. One who by his death
bears witness to the truth.
To MARTYR, mari-tfir, v. a.
Tirtue; to murder, to destroy.
To put to death for
MARTYRDOM, marit&r-dum, *. 166. The death
of a martyr, the honour of a martyr.
M ART YRO LOGY, mar-tur-ril-lA-ji*, «. .518. A
register of martyrs.
MARTYROLOGIST, mar-tur-r51-16-jlst, t. A writer
of martyrology.
MARVEL, mar£v£l, s. 99. A wonder, any thing
astonishing.
To MARVEL, mariv£l, v. n. To wonder, to be as-
tonished.
MARVELLOUS, mar£v£l-liis, adj. Wonderful,
strange, astonishing; surpassing credit ; the Marvellous
is any thing exceeding natural power, oj>po»ed to the
Probable.
MARVELLOUSLY, mar-vel-l&s-le, adv. Wonder-
fully.
MARVELLOUSNF.SS, mariv£Uus-n£s, s. Wonder-
fulness, strangeness.
MASCULINE, mas-ku-Hn, adj. 150. Male, not fe-
male; resembling man; virile, not effeminate ; ihegen-
der appropriated to the male kind in any won!.
MASCUI.INELY, mas-k6-lln-l£, adv. Like a man.
MASCULINENESS, mas-k6-lin-n£s, *. Male figure
or behaviour.
MASH, ma&, S. Any thing mingled or beaten to-
gether into an undistinguislitxl or confused body ; a
mixture for a horse-
visor ; to cover, to hide.
To MASK, mask, t/. n. To revel, to play the mum-
mer ; to be disguised any way.
MASKER, mask-fir, s. 98. One who revels in a
mask, a mummer.
MASON, ma-sn, s. 1 70. A builder with stone.
MASONRY, ma-sn-r£, s. The craft or performance
of a mason.
MASQUERADE, mJs-kfir-rade/ s. A diversion in
which the company is masked ; a disguise.
To MASQUERADE, mas-k&r-rade,' v. n. To go in
disguise ; to assemble in masks.
MASQUERADEB, mas-k&r-raid&r, s. 415. A per-
son in a mask.
J£3" This word ought to have been added to the cata-
logue of exceptions, see Principles, No. 415.
MASS, mas, *. 79. A body, a lump ; a large quan-
' tity j congeries, assemblage indistinct ; the service of
the Roman Church.
MASSACRE, masisa-kfir, s. 416. Butchery, indis-
criminate destruction ; murder.
To MASSACRE, mas^sa-kur, v. a. To butcher, to
slaughter indiscriminately.
MASSINESS, mas-s£-n£s,
MASSIVENESS,
*V,
Weight, bulk,
ponderousness.
iighty, bulky,
MASSIVE, mas-slv, 1 58. 7 a(tf. Weigh
MASSY, mas-s£, i continuous.
MAST, mist, s. 78, 79. The beam or post raised
above a vessel, to which the sail is fixed ; the fruit of
the oak and beech.
MASTED, masted, adj. Furnished with masts.
MASTER, ma-stfir>.'!.76. 98. One who has servants,
opposed to manor servant, owner, proprietor; a ruler;
chief, head ; possessor; commander of a trading ship;
a young gentleman ; a teacher ; a man eminently skil-
ful in practice or science ; a title of dignity in the uni-
versities, as Master of Arts.
$£f- When this word is only a oompellation of civility,
as Mr. Locke, Mr. Boyle, &c. the a is sunk, and an i sub-
stituted in its stead, as if the word were written Mister,
rhyming with sister. Any attempt to approach to the
sound of a, by pronouncing it mesler or muster, ought to
be carefully avoided, as a provincial pronunciation.
To MASTER, ma-st&r, v. a. 98. 418. To conquer,
to overcome ; to execute with skill.
MASTERDOM, ma-stiir-dQm, s. 166. Dominion,
rule.
MASTER-KEY, maist&r-k^, *. The key which o-
pens many locks, of which the subordinate keys open
each only one.
MASTER-SINEW, mai.st&r-slnin6, j. A large sinew
that surrounds the hough, and divides it from the bonk
by a hollow place, where Die wind-galls are usually
seated.
MASTER-STRING, ma'stfir-strlng, s. Principal
string.
MASTERSTROKE, maist&r-stroke, s. Capital per-
formance.
MASTERLESS, maist&r-l^s, adj. Wanting a mas-
ter or owner ; ungovernod, unsubdued.
MASTERLY, ml-st&r-le, adv. With the skill of a
master.
MASTERLY, maist&r-l^, adj. Suitable to a master,
artful, skilful; imperious, with the sway of a master.
MASTERPIECE, ma-st&r-p^se, S. Capital perform-
ance, any thing done or made with extraordinary skill ;
chief excellence.
MASTERSHIP, ma^stur-slilp, *. Rule, power ; su-
periority; skill, knowledge; a title of ironical re>pci-t.
MASTEK TEETH, mi-stur-t&M, j. The principal
MAT
820
MAT
559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi <)3, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 169, m&re 154,
MASTERWORT, ma-st&r-w&rt, s. A plant.
MASTERY, maist&r-i, *. Rule ; superiority, pre-
eminence ; skill ; attainment of skill or power.
MASTFCL, mast-ful, adj. Abounding in mast, or
fruit of oak, beech, or cnesnut.
MASTICATION, mas-te-ka-shun, s. The act of
chewing.
MASTICATORY, masit£-ka-t&r-£, s. 51 2. A me-
dicine to be chewed only, not swallowed, — For the o,
tee Domestic/?.
MASTICH, mas-tlk, s. 353. A kind of gum gather-
ed from trees of the same name ; a kind of mortar or
cement.
MASTIFF, masitlf, s. A dog of the largest size.
MASTLESS, mast-l£s, adj. Bearing no mast.
MASTLIN, m£s-lln, s. Mixed corn, as wheat and
rye.
MAT, mat, s. A texture of sedge, flags, or rushes.
To MAT, mat, t>. a. To cover with mats ; to twist
together, to join like a mat.
MATADORE, mat-i-d6re/ «. A term used in the
games of quadrille and ombre. The matadores are the
two black aces when joined with the two black duces,
or red sevens in trumps,
MATCH, matsh, $. 352. Any thing that catches
fire ; a contest, a game ; one equal to another, one able
to contest with another : one who suits or tallies with
another ; a marriage ; one to be married.
To MATCH, matsh, v. a. To be equal to ; to show
an equal ; to equal, to oppose ; to suit, to proportion ;
to marry, to give in marriage.
To MATCH, matsh, v. n. To be married ; to suit,
to be proportionate, to tally.
MATCHABLE, matsh£a-bl, adj. 405. Suitable, e-
qual, fit to be joined ; correspondent.
MATCHLESS, matshM^s, adj. Without an equal.
MATCHLESSLY, matsh-les-l£, adv. In a manner
not to be equalled.
MATCHLESSNESS, matshil£s-n?s, s. State of be-
ing without an equal.
MATCHMAKER, matshima-k&r, s. One who con-
trives marriages ; one who makes matches for burning.
MATE, mate, *. 77. A husband or wife ; a com-
panion, male or female ; the male or female of animals ;
one that sails in the same ship ; one that eats at the
same table ; the second in subordination, as, the mas-
ter's mate.
To MATE, mate, v. a. To match, to marry ; to op-
pose, to equal ; to subdue, to confound, to crush. Ob-
solete in the latter sense.
MATERIAL, ma-t^-r£- al, adj. 505. Consisting of
matter, corporeal, not spiritual ; important ; momen-
tous.
MATERIALIST, ma-t<*-r£-al-ist, *. One who de-
nies spiritual substances.
MATERIALITY, ma-t6-r£-Al^-te, *. Material ex-
istence, not spirituality.
To MATERIALIZE, ma-t£-r£-al-lze, v. a. To re-
gard as matter.
MATERIALLY, ma-t£-re-al-£, adv. In the state
of matter ; not formally ; importantly, essentially.
MATERIALNESS, ma-te-r£-al-n£s, s. State of be-
ing material, importance.
MATERIALS, ma-t^-r^-alz, s. The substance of
which any thing is made.
MATERIATE, ma-t^-re-at, adj. 91. Consisting of
matter.
MATERNAL, ma-terinal, adj. 88. Motherly, be-
fitting or pertaining to a mother
MATERNITY, ma-terine-t^, *. The character or
relation of a mother.
MAT-FELON, matAf^l-un, s. A species of knap-
weed.
MATHEMATICAL, ma/&-e-mati<*-kal, 509.
MATHEMATICK, ma/A £-mat-tik,
Considered according to the doctrine of the nutthema-
Uck*.
MATHEMATICALLY, ma</i-e-matit(*-kal-e, or/i».
According to the laws of the mathematical sciences.
MATHEMATICIAN, ma/A-^-ma-tlsh-an, s. A ma»
versed in the mathematicks.
MATHEMATICKS, ma<A-£ matit5ks, s. That «ci
ence which contemplates whatever is capable of being
numbered or measured.
MATHESIS, ma-/A&sis, * 520. The doctrine of
mathematicks.
MATIN, mat-tin, *. Morning, used in the morning.
MATINS, mat-tlnz, s. Morning worship.
MATRASS, mat-ras, s. A chymical glass vessel
made for digestion or distillation, being sometimes bel-
lied, and sometimes rising gradually taper into a coni-
cal figure.
MATRICE, ma^trls, s. 140. 142. The womb, the
cavity where the foetus is formed ; a mould, that which
gives form to something enclosed.
85" When this word signifies the mould in which let-
ters are cast, it is called by the founders a Mattris.
MATRICIDE, matitre-side, *. 143. Slaughter of a
mother; a mother killer.
To MATRICULATE, ma-trlkiu-late, v. a. To en.
ter or admit to a membership of the universities of
England.
MATRICULATE, ma-trikifi-late, «. 91 . A man ma-
triculated.
MATRICULATION, ma-trik-ki-lA-shfin, *. The
act of matriculating.
MATRIMONIAL, mat-tre'-m6in£-al, adj. 88. Suit-
able to marriage, pertaining to marriage ; connubial.
MATRIMONIALLY, mat-tre^m&rni-al-e, adv. Ae-
cording to the manner or laws of marriage.
MATRIMONY, maitr£-m&n-£, *. Marriage, the
nuptial state. — For the o, see Domettiek. For the ac-
cent, see Academy.
MATRIX, ma^ti-lks, s. Womb, a place where any
thing is generated or formed.
MATRON, ma-trin, s. An elderly lady ; an old
woman.
MATRONAL, matiro-nal, or ma-tr&nAl, adj. Suit,
able to a matron, constituting a matron.
JP5» I have excluded Mr. Sheridan's pronunciation,
which makes the two first syllables of this word exactly
like matron, because the word is a primitive in our lan-
guage, derived from the Latin matronalu, and therefore,
according to English analogy, when reduced to three
syllables, ought to have the accent on the antepenultimate,
see Academy ; and this accent has, in simples, always a
shortening power, 503. 535 : The second pronunciation,
though not so strictly agreeable to analogy- as the first, is
still preferable to Mr. Sheridan's. Slatronish and matron-
ly ought to have the first vowel and the accent as in mo-
rrow, because they are compounds of our own ; but we do
not subjoin al to words as we do ish and ly, and therefore,
words of that termination are under a different predica-
ment. Something like this seems to have struck Mr.
Sheridan and Dr. Johnson, when they accented the word
Patronal: for though this word is exactly of the same
form, and is perfectly similar in the quantity of the Latin
vowels, we find matronal marked with the accent on the
first syllable, and pational on the second. From Dr.
Johnson's accentuation we cannot collect the quantity of
the vowel; his authority, therefore, in the word in ques*
tion, is only for the accent on the first syllable. To him
may be added, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, and Entick, who
accent and sound the a as Mr. Sheridan has done. Dr.
Ash alone seems to favour the pronunciation I have given.
MATRONLY, ma-trin-14, adv. Elderly, ancient.
— See Matronal.
MATROSS, ma-trfis,' «. Matrosses are a sort of sol-
diers next in degree under the gunners, who assist »•
bout the guns in traversing, spunging, firing, and load-
ing them.
MATTER, mat^tur, s. 98. Body, substance extend-
ed ; materials, that of which any thing is composed ;
subject, thing treated ; the whole, the very thing sup
posed ; affair, business, in a familiar sense ; cause of
disturbance ; import, consequence ; thing, object, thai
which has some particular relation ; space or quantity
nearly computed; purulent running.
To MATTER, mat-t&r, v. n. To be of importance
to import ; to generate matter by suppuration.
MAY
321
ISfEA
nflr 167, nit 163— -t&be 171, tfih 172, b&ll 173 — ffll «99— p6ind 313— t/i'm 466—Tn'it 460.
To MATTER, mltit&r, v. a. To regard, not to ne-
glect.
AlATTERY, mat-tir-£, adj. Purulent, generating
matter.
MATTOCK, matit&k, s. 166. A kind of toothed
instrument to pull up wood ; a pickax.
MATTRESS, matitrls, s. 99. A kind of quilt made
to lie upon.
To MATURATE, matshifc-rate, v. a. 91. To has-
ten, to ripen.
To MATURATE, matshifc-rate, v. n. 461. To
grow ripe.
MATURATION, matsh-ft-ra-sh&n, s. The act of
ripening, the state of growing ripe; the suppuration of
excrementitious or extravasated juices into matter.
MATURATIVE, mitsh-i-ra-tlve, adj. 463. Ri-
pening, conducive to ripeness; conducive to the sup-
puration of a sore.
MATURE, ma-ture,' adj. Ripe, perfected by time ;
brought near to completion ; well disposed, fit for exe-
cution, well digested. — See Futurity.
To MATURE, ma-tire,' v. a. To ripen, to advance
to ripeness.
MATURELY, ma-ture-le1, adv. Ripely, completely ;
with counsel well digested ; early, soon.
MATURITY, ma-ti^re-te, s. Ripeness, completion.
MAUDLIN, mawd-Hn, aitj. Drunk, fuddled.
MAUGRE, mawig&r, adv. 416.
withstanding; with ill-will.
In spite of, not-
To MAUL, mawl, v. a. To beat, to bruise, to hurt
in a coarse or butcherly manner- — See Mall.
MAUL, mawl, s. A heavy hammer. Obsolete.
MAUND, mand, *. 214. A hand basket.
Jf5» Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Perry give the sound of a
hi all to this word. Dr. Kenrick gives both the a in hard
and that in all, but prefers the first. — See Taunt.
To MAUNDER, manid&r, t;. a. 214. To grumble,
to murmur.
ItJ- Mr. Sheridan, Buchanan, W. Johnston, and Mr.
Perry, pronounce the diphthong in this word as in
Slaund; but Mr. Nares and Mr. Elphinston, whose opi-
nion in this point is of the greatest weight, pronounce it
as 1 have marked it. — See Taunt.
MAUNDY-THURSDAY, mawnidt*, or manide-
i/j&rz-da, s. 214. The Thursday before Good Fri-
day.
MAUSOLEUM, maw-si-lei&m, s. 503. A pomp-
ous funeral monument.
MAW, maw, s. The stomach of animals ; the craw
of birds.
MAWKISH, maw-klsh, adj. Apt to offend the sto-
mach.
MAWKISHNESS, mawiklsh-n3s, s. Aptness to
cause loathing.
MAW-WORM, maw-w&rm, s. Gut-worms frequent-
ly creep into the stomach, whence they are called sto-
mach or maw-worms.
MAXILLAR, m&g-zil-lar, 478. )
MAXILLARY, maks-ll-lar-£, 477. £
longing to the jaw bone.
{£S» There is a diversity in the pronunciation of this
word, which makes it necessary to recur to principles to
decide which is best. Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Mr.
Nares, and Mr. Barclay, accent it on the first syllable;
and Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, W. Johnston, Bailey, and En-
adj. Be-
ary
ere of the same number of syllables with the Latin words
from which they are derived, as lUaxU/aris, CapiUaru,
&c. 503, e ; yet as our language has an aversion to the ac-
cent on the a in these terminations which have the ac-
cent in the Latin words, 512. it seems agreeable to our
own analogy to place the stress on that syllable to which
we give a secondary stress in the original word, and that
U the first. — See Academy and MammUUrnj.
MAXIM, maks-lm, s. An axiom, a general princi-
ple, a leading truth.
MAY, ma. Auxiliary verb, preterit Might. To be
at liberty, to be permitted, to be allowed ; to be poesi-
ble ; to be by chance ; to have power ; a word expree*
ing desire or wish.
MAY BE, maib<$, adv. Perhaps.
MAY, ma, s. The fifth month of the year ; the
confine of spring and summer; the early or gay part
of life.
To MAY, ma, v. n. To gather fiowen on May
morning.
MAY-BUG, ma^bfig, *. A chaffer.
MAY- DAY, maida,' s. The first of May.
MAY-FLOWER, ma-fl5&r, s. A plant.
MAY-FLY, ma^fll, s. An insect.
MAY-GAME, ma-game, s. Diversion, sports, rueh
as are used on the first of May.
The same with Lily of
Pole to be danced round
MAY-LILY,
the valley.
MAY-POLE, maipile,
in May.
MAY-WEED, maiwe'e'd, s. A species of chamomile.
MAYOR, ma-&r, s. 418. The chief magistrate of
a corporation, who, in London and York, is called
Lord Mayor.
MAYORALTY, ma-5r-al-te, *. The office of a
mayor.
Jf5" This word is subject to the same corrupt pronun-
ciation as Admiralty ; that is, as if it were written Mayor-
altiy.
MAYORESS, mai&r-e's, S. The wife of a mayor.
MAZARD, maz-z&rd, s. 88. A jaw. A low word.
MAZE, maze, s. A labyrinth, a place of perplexity
and winding passages ; confusion of thought, uncertain-
ty, perplexity.
To MAZE, maze, v. a. To bewilder ; to confute. —
See Gaze.
MAZY, maizi, adj. Perplexed, confused.
ME, me. The oblique case of I.
MEACOCK, md-k&k, adj. 227. Tame, cowardly.
Obsolete.
MEAD, inecle, 5. 227. A kind of drink made of wa-
ter and honey.
A "ch **"
MEAD, m£de,
MEADOW, medidi, 234. 515.
ground, from which hay is made.
MEADOW-SAFFRON, m5did6-saf-firn, 3. 417. A
plant.
MEADOW-SWEET, me'd^dA-sweet, s. A plant.
MEAGER, me-g&r, adj. 227. 416. Lean, wanting
flesh, starved ; poor, hungry.
MEAGERNESS, meig&r-ne's, s. Leanness, want of
flesh ; scantiness, barrenness.
MEAL, mele, $. 227. The act of eating at a certain
time; a repast ; the flour or edible part of corn.
To MEAL, mele, v. a. To sprinkle, to mingle. Ob-
solete.
MEALMAN, m£le-man, s. 88. One that deals in meal.
MEALY, me-l£, adj. Having the taste or soft insi-
pidity of meal ; besprinkled as with meal.
MEALY-MOUTHED, me^lti-miuTHd, adj. Soft-
mouthed, unable to speak freely.
MEAN, m^ne, adj. 227. Wanting dignity, of low
ranker birth; low-minded, base, despicable; tow in
the degree of any good quality, low in worth ; middle,
moderate, without excess ; intervening, intermediate. /
MEAN, mene, s. Mediocrity, middle rate, medium ;
interval, interim, mean time; instrument, measure,
that which is used in order to any end ; by all means,
without doubt, without hesitation ; by no means, not
in any degree, not at all ; in the plural, revenue, for-
tune, power ; mean-time, or mean-while, in the inter-
vening time.
To MEAN, mene, v. n. To hare in mind, to in
tend, to purpose. t
To MEAN, m(Jne, v. a. To purpose ; to intend, to
hint covertly.
MEANDER, me-in-dfir, *. 98. Maw,
flexuoui patMge, serpentine, wmding.
MED
322
MED
559- Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fat SI — mi 93, mSt 95— pine 105, pin 107 — ni 162, rnSve
To MEANDER, mi-an^dir, v. n. To run winding ;
to be intricate.
MEANDROUS, mi-anidris, adj. 314. Winding,
flexuous.
MEANING, mi^nlng, 3. 419. Purpose, intention ;
the sense, the thing understood.
MEANLY, mineili, adv. Moderately; poorly ; un-
generously ; without respect.
MEANNESS, mine-nis, *. Low rank, poverty ; low-
ness of mind ; sordidness, niggardliness.
MEANT, mint, jtret. and part. pass, of To Mean.
MEASE, mise, s. A mease of herrings is five hun-
dred.
MEASLES, miizlz, s. 227. 359. A kind of erup-
tive and infectious fever ; a disease of swine ; a disease
of trees.
MEASLED, mi^zld, adj. 359. Infected with the
measles.
MEASLY, miizli, adj. Scabbed with the measles.
MEASURABLE, mizh-ir-a-bl, adj. Such as may be
measured ; moderate, in small quantity.
MEASURABLENESS, mizhiur-a-bl-nis, s. Quali-
ty of admitting to be measured.
MEASURABLY, mizhifir-a-bli, adv. Moderately.
MEASURE, mizh-ure, *. 234. That by which any
thing is measured ; the rule by which any thing is ad-
justed or proportioned ; proportion, quantity settled ; a
stated quantity, as a measure of wine ; sufficient quan-
tity ; degree ; proportionate time, musical time ; motion
harmonically regulated; moderation; not excess; li-
mit, boundary ; syllables metrically numbered, metre;
tune, proportionate notes; mean of action, mean to an
end ; To nave hard Measure, to be hardly dealt by.
To MEASURE, mizh-ire, v. a. To compute the
quantity of any thing by some settled rule ; to pass
through, to judge of extent by marching over ; to ad-
just, to proportion ; to mark out in stated quantities;
to allot or distribute by measure.
MEASURELESS, mizh-tir-lis, adj. Immense, im-
measurable.
MEASUREMENT, m£zh-ur-m£nt, *. Mensuration,
act of measuring.
MEASURER, mizh'&r-ur, s. 98. One that mea-
sures.
MEAT, mite, s. 246. Flesh to be eaten ; food in
general.
MEATHE, mirne, s. A kind of drink.
MECHANICAL, mi-kan^e-kal, 7
MECHANICK, mi-kaninlk, 509. $ adj'
servile, of mean occupation ; constructed by the laws of
mechanicks ; skilled in mechanicks.
MECHANTCK, mi ka«-nlk, s. 353. A manufac-
turer, a low workman.
MECHANICKS, mi-kaninlks, *. Dr. Wallis defines
Mechanicks to be the geometry of motion.
MECHANICALLY, mi-kan-ni-kal-i, adv. Accord-
ing to the laws of mechanism.
MECHANICALNESS, mi-kanine-ka]-n&, $. Agree-
ableness to the laws of mechanism ; meanness.
MECHANICIAN, mik-a-nlsh-an, s. A man profes-
sing or studying the construction of machines.
MECHANISM, mik-a-nlzm, j. Action according to
mechanick laws; construction of parts depending on
each other in any complicated fabnck.
MECONIUM, mi.ko-ni-um, s. Expressed juice of
poppy ; the first excrement of children.
MEDAL, mid-dal, s. 88. An ancient coin; a piece
stamped in honour of some remarkable performance.
MEDALLICK, mi-dal-Hk, adj. 509. Pertaining to
medals.
MEDALLION, mi-dal-y&n, s. 113. A large antique
stamp or medal.
MEDALLIST, mid^dil-Ist, s. A man skilled or cu-
rious in medals.
To MEDDLE, mSd^dl, r. n. 405. To have to do ;
to interpose, to act in any thing ; to interpose, or inter-
vene Unportunely or officiously.
adj. Belong-
MEDDLER, mid-dl-ur, s. 98. One who busies
himself with things in which he has no concern.
MEDDLESOME, mididl-sfrm, adj. Intermeddling.
To MEDIATE, mi-di-ate, v. n, 91. 534. To in-
terpose as an equal friend to both parries ; to be be-
tween two.
To MEDIATE, mi-di-ate, v- a. To form by medi-
ation ; to limit by something in the middle.
MEDIATE, mi^di-ate, adj. 91. Interposed, inter-
vening; middle, between two extremes; acting as a
mean.
MEDIATELY, mi-di-ate-li, adv. By a secondary
cause.
MEDIATION, mi-di-a^sh&n, *. Interposition, in-
tervention, agency between two parties practised by a
common friend ; intercession, entreaty for another.
MEDIATOR, mi-di-a-t&r, t. 534. One that inter-
venes between two parties ; an intercessor, an entrea-
ter for another ; one of the characters of our Blessed
Saviour.
MEDIATORIAL, mi-di-a-tiiri-
MEDIATORY, meMi-a-tur-i,
ing to a mediator.
ty For the o, see Domesticlc. For the accent, see No.
5l2T
MEDIATORSHIP, mi-di-aitur-shlp, *. The office
of a mediator.
MEDIATRIX, mi-di-a^trlks, s. A female mediator.
MEDICAL, mid-i-kal, adj. Physical, relating to
the art of healing.
MEDICALLY, mid^i-kal-i, adv. Physically, medi-
cinally.
MEDICAMENT, m5dii-ki-mint, $. Any thing
used in healing, generally topical applications.
J£>- All our orthoepists, but Bailey, pronounce this
word with the accent on the first syllable; but my judg-
ment much fails me if the true pronunciation ought not
to be with the accent on the second, as in Predicament.
My reason is, that this is the syllable on which we place
the secondary accent in pronouncing the Latin words me-
dicamentum and predicamentum; and it has often been
observed, that this is our guide for accenting English
words formed from the Latin by dropping a syllable. — Sea
Academy.
MEDICAMENTAL, mid-i-ka-rnint-al, adj. Re-
lating to medicine, internal or topical.
MEDICAMENTALLY, mid i-ka-mential-e, adv*
After the manner of medicine.
To MEDICATE, mid^e-kate, ». o. To tincture
or impregnate with any thing medicinal.
MEDICATION, mdd-e-ka^shfin, s. The act of
tincturing or impregnating with medicinal ingredients t
the use of physick.
MEDICINABLE, mi-dls^sln-a-bl, adj. Having the
power of physick.
\ mi-dls^e-nal, | adj. Having the
~i mid-i-si-nal, j power of hea>
ing, having physical virtue ; belonging to physick.
Iffr Dr. Johnson tells us, that this word is now corn
momy pronounced medicinal, with the accent on the se-
cond syllable, but more properly and more agreeably to
the best authorities medicinal. If by the best .-.uthorities
Dr. Johnson means the Poets, the question is dec ided ;
but 1 look upon Poets to be the worst authorities in this
case, as, by the very rules of their art, a license is given
them to depart from the general pronunciation ; and that
they often avail themselves of this licence, cannot be dis-
puted. But if by mote properly Dr. Johnson alludes to
the long i in the Latin medicimii or tuedicinalu, nothing
can be more inconclusive. If the word be perfectly La-
tin, as well as EnglUh, we generally place the accent on
the same syllable as in the original, as acumen, decorum,
&c. but frequently otherwise, as orator, senator, t/tarao-
ter, &c. but if this Latin accentuation were to be servile-
ly followed in Latin words anglicised, we should overturn
the whole fabric of our pronunciation. Thus doctrinal,
jMi'tural, &c. &c. must have the accent on the second
syllable instead of the first, and nothing but confusion
would ensue. The truth is, the strong tendency of out
language is to an antepenultimate accent, 5t'3; and it i»
with reluctance we ever place it lower, except in the words
of our own composition, or where the latter syllables have
either an assemblage 01 consonants or a diphthong ; jet,
MEDICINAL,
MEE
323
MEL
n&r 167, nit 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — oil 299— p<5und 313 — t/tin 466— THin 469.
•ven in this case, we find the antepenultimate accent
iometimes prevail, as ancestor, amnesty, magistrate, &o.
and counterpoise, porcelain, chamberlain, inlerreign, &c'.
So that by attempting to bring our pronunciation under
the laws of the Latin language, we disturb and pervert it.
Let poets, therefore, who have, and, perhaps, in some
cases, ought to have, a language different from prose,
enjoy the privilege of their art, and while we are reading
them, let us conform to their rules; but let us not strive
•gainst the general current of prosaic pronunciation,
which is always right, and which is equally negligent of
the peculiarities of poets, and the pedantry of ancient de-
rivation. The antepenultimate accentuation of this word
is supported by Dr. Ash, Dr. Kcnrick, Mr. Perry, Mr.
Smith, W. Johnston, Barclay, Bailey, Penning, and En-
tick. Mr. Sheridan gives both, and, by placing this ac-
centuation first, seems to prefer it to the other. — See In-
decorous and Inimical.
MEDICINALLY, m£-dls'si*-nal-]£, adv. Physically.
MEDICINE, m£did£-sln, s. Any remedy administer-
ed by a physician.
J£5» All our orthoepists tell us that this word is generally
pronounced in two syllables, as if written medcine. That
to froas a vulgarism should gain ground in our language,
is an imputation on our national taste. Our poets, who,
when tortured for a word, often torture a word to ease
themselves, are generally guilty of one part only of the
cruelty of Procrustes, and that is, of shortening such words
as are too long for their verse ; and these mutilations too
often slide into our prosaic pronunciation : but against
this abuse every accurate speaker ought to be on his
guard. Nay, Cowley, as Mr. Nares informs us, crushes
medicinal into two syllables ; and instances from Milton
of this kind are innumerable.
Mr. Elphinston adopts the dissyllable pronunciation as
more agreeable to its immediate origin, the French me'de-
cine: but as we preserve the i in this word, the Latin
medicina seems its more authentic original, and demands
the sound of the t in medicine, as much as in ominous,
mutinous, and original, which Shakespeare and Milton
sink in the same manner as the word in question.
To MEDICINE, m£d-d(*-sln, v. a. To operate upon,
or affect, as physick. Not used.
MEDIETY, m£-dl-<*-t£, s. Middle state, participa-
tion of two extremes, half.
MEDIOCRITY, m£-de-&kir$~t£, or m£-j£-&k-r£-
t£, s. 293, 294. 376. 534. Small degree, middle
rate, middle state; moderation, temperance.
To MEDITATE, m£d-^-tate, v. a. To plan, to
contrive ; to think on, to revolve in the mind.
To MEDITATE, mSdie-tate, v. n. To think, to
muse, to contemplate.
MEDITATION, m£d-4-ta£sh&n, s. Deep thought,
close attention, contemplation ; thought employed upon
sacred objects, a series of thoughts, occasioned by any
object or occurrence.
MEDITATIVE, m£d££-ta-tiv, adj. 512. Addicted
to meditation ; expressing attention or design.
MEDITERRANEAN, m£d-£-t£r-ra-n^.an, ~) ,.
MEDITERRANEOUS, m£d-£-t<lr-ra£n£-&s, $ afU'
Encircled with land; inland, remote from the ocean.
MEDIUM, m&-d£-iim, or m4-j^-um, s. 293. Any
thing intervening ; any thing used in ratiocination in
order to a conclusion ; the middle place or degree, the
just temperature between extremes.
MEDLAR, m&J-l&r, s. 88. A tree, the fruit of that
tree.
MEDLEY, m£dilt*, s. A mixture, a miscellany, a
mingled mass.
MEDLEY, m£dM£, adj. Mingled, confused.
MEDULLAR, m^-dul-lar, ? ad). Pertaining to
MEDULLARY, m£d-ul-lar-£, £ the marrow.
£5* I have differed from all our orthoepisis in the ac-
centuation of this word; for though they are uniform
here, they differ so much from each other in similar
words, as to show they are not very sure of their princi-
ples. My reasons for accenting the first syllable of this
word are the same as for the accentuation of Maxillary
and Papillary, which see.
MEED, md£d, s. 246. Reward, recompense ; pre-
sent, gift.
MEEK, me^k, adj. 246. Mild of temper, soft, gentle.
To MEEKEN, mdi-kn, v. a. 103. To make meek,
to soften.
MEEKLY, m£c*k-l<i, adv. Mildly, gently.
MEEKNESS, meek-nCs, s. Gentleness, mildness,
softness of temper.
3IEK.R, rn£re, adj. Simple, unmixed See Mere.
MEER, m^re, s. A lake, a boundary See Mere.
MEERED, m^rd, adj. 359. Relating to a boundary
MEET, ni«^t, adj. Fit, proper, qualified. Now rare-
ly used.
To MEET, m^t, v. a. 36. 246. To come face to
face, to encounter; to join another in the same place;
to close one with another ; to find, to be treated with,
to light on ; to assemble from different parts.
To MEET, mWt, v. n. To encounter, to close face
to face; to encounter in hostility; to assemble, to come
together; to meet with, to light on, to find; to join ;
to encounter, to engage ; to advance half way ; to unite,
to join.
MEETER, mWtiur, 4. 98. One that accosts ano-
ther. Not used.
MEETING, m^t^lng, s. 410. An assembly, a con-
vention ; a congress ; a conventicle, an assembly of
dissenters; conflux, as, the meeting of two rivers.
MEETING-HOUSE, mWt'Ing-h6use, s. Place where
dissenters assemble to worship.
MEETLY, m££t-l£, adv. Fitly, properly.
MEETNESS, mWt-n£s, s. Fitness, propriety.
MEGRIM, megrim, s. Disorder of the head.
MELANCHOLICK, m£Ulan-k&l-llk, adj. Disorder-
ed with melancholy, fanciful, hypochondriacal. Little
used.
MELANCHOLY, m£li.an-kol-£, s. 503. A disease
supposed to proceed from a redundance of black bile ;
a Kind of madness, in which the mind is always fixed
on one object ; a gloomy, pensive, discontented tempei.
MELANCHOLY, m^l'an-k61-^, adj. 503, o. Gloomy,
dismal; diseased with melancholy, fanciful, habitually
dejected.
MELILOT, m£Ul£-lut, *. 1 66. A plant ; a salve
made from it.
To MELIORATE, m£-lt*-o-rate, ». a. 534. To
better, to improve.
MELIORATION, m£.l£-6-ra£shun, j. Improvement,
act of bettering.
MELIORITY, mt£-ld-6r£<J-t4, s. 113. State of being
better.
MELLIFEROUS, m£l-llf£f£r-fis, adj. Productive of
honey.
MELLIFICATION, m£l-l£-f£-kaishun, *. The art
or practice of making honey.
MELLIFLUENCE, m<H-li£flu-3nse, a. A honejed
flow, a flow of sweetness.
MELLIFLUENT, m£l-li£flu-£nt,l ,•
MELLIFLUOUS, m^l-lif-flu-us, j " •?'
ing with honey.
MELLOW, mll-16, adj. 327. Soft with ripeness,
full ripe; soft in sound; soft, unctuous; drunk, melted
down with drink.
To 3IELLOW, mSl-16, v. a. To ripen, to mature ;
to soften.
To MELLOW, m£l-l6, v. n. To be matured, to ri.
pen.
MELLOWNESS, m£l-16-n3s, s. Ripeness, softnesi
by maturity.
MELODIOUS, m£-lA-d£-us, or m(J-l6ij£-us, adj,
293, 294. 376. Musical, harmonious.
MELODIOUSLY, m^-li-d^-us-1^, adv. Musically,
harmoniously.
MELODIOUSNESS, m£-16-d^-&s-n£s, 3. Harmoni-
ousness, musicalncss.
MELODY, ni£l-16-tl<5, s. Musick, harmony of sound.
MELON, m£l-lun, s. 1 66. A plant ; the fruit.
To MELT, melt, v. a. To dissolve, to make liquid,
commonly by heat ; to soften to love or tenderness ; to
waste away.
To MELT, rri£lt, j>. n. To become liquid, to di§-
solve; to be softened to pity or any gentle patMua; to
be tubducvl by affliction.
518. Flow-
MEN
3*24
MER
5.59. File 73, fir 77, fall 83. fill 81 — tnd 93, mSt 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 1 62, mSve 1 64,
MENDICITY, m£n-dlsi-s£-te, t. The life of a beg-
MELTEB, m£lti&r, S. 98. One that melts metals.
MELTINGLY, me'ltilng-li, adv. Like something
melting.
MEI.WEL, m£l-w31, *. A kind of fish.
MEMBER, m^mibnr, *. 98 A limb, a part appen-
dant to the body ; a part of a discourse or period ; a
head, a clause ; any part of an integral ; one of a com-
munity.
MEMBRANE, m3mM)rane, s. 91. A membrane is a
web of several sorts of fibres interwoven together for !
the covering and wrapping up of some parts.
MEMBRANACEOUS, m£m-bra-na-sh&s, 357. ^
MEMBRANEOUS, m£m-bra-nd-fis,
MEMBRANOUS, m&n-bran-os, 3
adj. Consisting of membranes.
MEMENTO, me-m£rAA, s. A memorial notice, a
hint to awaken the memory.
MEMOIR, •) »' > t. An account of transac-
l mem- war, j
tions familiarly written ; account of any thing.
Jtt/- This word was universally, till of late, pronounced
with the accent on the second syllable, as Dr. Johnson,
\\. Johnston, Dr. Kenrick, Barclay, Bailey, Buchanan,
Fenning, and Perry, have marked it Some speakers have
endeavoured to pronounce it with the accent on the first,
as we find it marked in Mr. Nares, Dr. Ash, Scott, and
Entick ; but this is an innovation unsuitable to the genius
of our pronunciation ; which, in dissyllables having a
diphthong in the last, inclines us to place the accent on
that syllable, as much as in devoir, which we find aceeni-
ed on the last by all our orthoepists without exception.
MEMORABLE, m^m-mir-a-bl, adj. Worthy of
memory, not to be forgotten.
MEMORABLY, m^mimir-a-bl^, adv. In a man-
ner worthy of memory.
MEMORANDUM, m^m-mi-ranid&m, s. A note to
help the memory.
MEMORIAL, m£-miir£-al, adj. Preservative of
memory ; contained in memory.
MEMORIAL, mi-mA^rd-al, s. A monument, some-
thing to preserve memory ; a written act containing a
claim, remonstrance, or petition.
MEMORIALIST, m<*-m6ir4-al-Ist, *. One who
writes memorials.
MEMORIZE, me:m-6-rlze, v. a. To record, to com-
mit to memory by writing.
MEMORY, m£mim&r-£, j. 557. The power of re-
taining or recollecting things past, retention, recollec-
tion.
MEN, m£n. The plural of Man.
To MENACE, m£n-nase, v. a. 91. To threaten,
to threat.
MENACE, m^ninase, *. 91. A threat.
MENACER, m3n-nas-&r, s. 98. A threatener, one
that threats.
MENAGE, me-nazhe,' s. A collection of animals.
SC5" Tnis wor<l is perfectly French ; nor can we express
thfir soft g any other way than by the.
MENAGERIE, m3n-azhe-&r-e/ *. A place for keep-
ing foreign birds, and other curious animals.
MENAGOGUE, m^nia-g&g, s. 338. A medicine
that promotes the flux of the menses.
To MEND, m£nd, t>. a. To repair from breach or
decay ; to correct ; to advance ; to improve.
To MEND, m£nd, v. n. To grow better, to ad-
vance in any good.
MENDABLE, men^da-bl, adj. 405. Capable of be-
ing mended.
MENDACITY, mSn-disisd-td, .?. Falsehood.
MKXDICANCY, m^nide-kan-se, s. Beggary.
MENDER, m^ndi&r, s. 98. One who makes any
change for the betti r.
MENDICANT, menid(i-kant, adj. Begging, poor
to a state of beggary.
MENDICANT, m£nid£-kant, «. A beggar, one of
some begging fraternity.
To MENDICATE, tu£nidd-kate, v. n. To beg, to
atkahiM.
MENDS, m3nds, s. For amends. Not used.
MENIAL, m£-ne-al, adj. 113. Belonging to the re-
tinue or train of servants.
MENINGES. me-nlnij^s, s. The Mcninges are the
two membranes that envelope the brain, which are call-
ed the piamater and duramater.
MENOLOGY, m4-n61-]6-j^, s. 518. A register of
months.
MENSAL, m^n^sal, adj. Belonging to the table.
MENSTRUAL, m^nsistri-al, adj. Monthly, last-
ing a month ; pertaining to a menstruum.
MENSTRUOUS, m3nsistri-&s, adj. Having the ca-
tamenia.
MENSTRUUM, m§ns£stri-&m, *. Al! liquors ar«
called Menstruums which are used as dissolvents, or
to extract the virtues of ingredients by infusion or de-
coction.
MENSURABILITY, me:n-shi-ra-bil-£-t£, s. Capa-
city of being measured.
MENSURABLE, mSnishi ra-bl, adj. Measurable,
that may be measured.
MENSURAL, m£nishft-ral, adj. 88. Relating to
measure.
To MENSURATK, m^nishi-rate, v. a. To mea-
sure, to take the dimension of any thing.
MENSURATION, m^n-shii-ra-sh&n, s. The art or
practice of measuring, result of measuring.
MENTAL, m£nt-al, adj. 88. Intellectual, exist-
ing in the mind.
MENTALLY, m£ntitAl-£, adv. Intellectually, in the
mind , not practically, but in thought or meditation.
MENTION, m^n^shGn, s. Oral or written expres-
sion, or recital of any thing.
To MENTION, men-sh&n, v. a. To write or ex-
press in words or writing.
MEPHITIC, me-fit-ik, ) adj. Ill-savoured ;
MEPHITICAL, m^-fit^-kal, J stinking.
MERACIOUS, me-ra-sh&s, adj. 292. Strong, racy.
MERCANTANT, m^r-kan-tant, $. A foreigner, or
foreign trader. Not used.
MERCANTILE, m£r-kan-tll, adj. 145. Trading,
commercial.
MERCENARINESS, me>£s£-na-r£-n£s, s. Venality,
respect to hire or reward.
MERCENARY, in£risd-na-r£, adj. 512. Venal,
hired, sold for money.
MERCENARY, m£ri-s£-na-r£, s. A hireling, one
retained or sen-ing for pay.
MERCER, m£ris&r, s. 98. One who sells silks.
MERCERY, mer-s&r-^, s. 555. Trade of mercen
dealing in silks.
MERCHANDISE, m^ritshJn-dize, s. Traffick, com-
merce, trade; wares, any thing to be bought or sold.
To MERCHANDISE, m£r-tshan-dlze, v. n. T>
trade, to traiKck, to exercise commerce.
MERCHANT, meritshant, s. 352. One who traf-
ficks to remote countries.
J£5» Mr. Sheridan pronounces the e in the first syllabi*
of this word, like the a in march ; and it is certain that,
about forty years ago, this was the general pronunciation ;
but since that time, the sound of a has been gradually
wearing away; and the sound of e is so fully established,
that the tormer is now become gross and vulgar, and is
only to be heard among the lower orders of the people. It
is h'ighly probable that, however coarse this sound of e
may now seem, it was once not only the common pronun-
ciation, but the most agreeable to analogy. We still find,
that the vowel i before r, followed by another consonant,
sinks into a broader sound, by taking the short sound of
e, which is really the short sound of a slender a, as virgin,
virtue, kc. ; and it is a similar alteration which takes
place in the e before r, followed by another consonant, in
cleik, serjeant, Derby, &c. where this vowel falls into the
broader sound of the Italian a. Sermon, service, I'ermin,
&c. are still pronounced by the vulgar, as if written sar-
m"n, sarrice, varment, &c. ; and this was probably th*
anoient manner of pronouncing every e in the wune iitua-
325 MET
167, n&t 163 — tibe 171, t&b J72, bfill 173 — oil 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THIS -169.
tion. This analogy is now totally exploded ; and, except
cleric, serjeant, and a few proi>er names, we have scarcely
another word in ihe language where the e has not its true
sound. But instead of saying with Mr. Nares, that mer-
chant has returned to the proj>er sound of e, we may with
greater probability assert, that this, and every other word
of the same form, have acquired a sound of e, which they
never had before; and which, though a feebler and shor
ter sound, conduces to the simplicity and regularity of
our pronunciation. Dr. Kenrick concurs in my opinion,
that pronouncing the e in this word like a is vulgar; and
every other orthoepist, who gives the sound of the vowels,
marks it as I have done.
MERCHANTLY, r
MERCHANTIJKE,
a merchant.
MERCHANT-MAN, m£r-tshjnt-man, t, 88. A
ship of trade.
MERCHANTABLE, m.£rUsliaiit-a-bl, adj. Fit to
be bought or sold.
MERCIFUL, m^r-si-fiul, adj. Compassionate, ten-
der, unwilling to punish, willing to pity and spare.
MERCIFULLY, mer-s«i-l'il le, adv. Tenderly, mild-
ly, with pity.
adJ-
MERCIFULNESS, m^r-s^ ful-n£s, s.
willingness to spare.
Tenderness,
MERCILESS, m^K&^-les, adj. Void of mercy, piti-
Ic «, hard-hearted.
MERCILESSLY, m£r-s£-l<ls-te, adv. In a man-
ner void of pity.
MERCILESSNESS, mdr-sd-l£s-n£s, s. Want of pity.
MERCURIAL, in£r-k6-ni-al, adj. Formed under
the influence of Mercury, active, sprightly ; consisting
of quicksilver.
MERCURIFICATION, m4r-kij-r^-f^-kaiidiin, *.
The act of mixing any thing with quicksilver.
m£riku-r^, f. The chemist's name for
quicksilver; sprightly qualities; a planet, a newspaper.
MERCY, m£r-se, $. 95. Tenderness, clemency,
unwillingness to punish ; pardon; discretion, power of
acting at pleasure.
Jf5" The vulgar pronounce this word as if spelled mar-
ey ; many above the yulgar pronounce it as if written
iinicyt but there is a delicate shade of difference between
this and the true sound of e, which must be carefully at-
tended to.
MERCY- SEAT, m£ris4-sete, *. The covering of the
ark of the covenant, in which the tables of the law were
deposited.
MERE, m£re, adj.
nothing else, this only.
That or this only, »uch and
MERE, mere, s. A pool, commonly a large pool or
lake ; a boundary.
MERELY, m£re4A, adv. sin-ply, only.
MERETRICIOUS, mer-r^-trishi&s, adj. Whorish,
puch as is practised by prostitutes, alluring by false
show.
MERETRICIOUSLY, m3r - r£ - trlsh - is - le", adv.
\\horishly.
MKRETRICIOUSNESS, m&vrd-trUhi&s-nSs, j. Al-
lurements of strumpets.
MERIDIAN, m4-ricW-an, or m£-rld£j£-an, s 293,
294. 576. Noon, mid-day ; the line drawn from north
to south which the sun crosses at noon ; the particular
place or state of any thing ; the highest point of glory
or power.
MERIDIAN, m£-riiW-ap, adj.
At the point of
293.
noon ; extended from north to south ; raised to the
l.ighest point
MERIDIONAL, m^-rlcW-i-nal, adj. Southern,
southerly, having a southern aspect.
MERIDIONALITY, in£-rid-£-o-nal££-td,
Position in the south.
MERIDIONALI.Y. m^-rid^-A-nal-lt*, adv.
southern aspect.
MERIT, in£r-It, s. Desert, excellence deserving ho-
nour or reward ; reward deserved ; claim, right.
To MERIT, mlr-it, v. a. To deserve, to have a
right to claim any thing as deserved ; to deserve, to earn.
MERITORIOUS, m£r-re-to-re-(is, adj. Deserving
of reward, hijjh in di-tert,
MERITORIOUSLY, m£r-ni-toW-&s-l<*, adv. In
such a manner as to deserve reward.
MERITORIOUSNESS, m£r-re-t<&'ti-&s-nes, *• Th«
state of deserving well.
MERLIN, m£r-lin, *. A kind of haw*.
MERMAID, m£i-made, s. A sea woman.
If^f The first syllable of this word is frequently pro-
nounced like the noun mare ; but this is a \ ulgarism which
must be carefully avoided.
MERRILY, m^r-re-14, adv. Gayly, cheerfully, with
mirth.
MERRIMAKE, m£rir4-Tnake, s. A festival, a meet-
ing for mirth.
To MKKUIMAKE, m£<r-r£-make, r. n. To feast, to
be jovial.
MERRIMENT, m5rir4-m£nt, s. Mirth, gayety.
laughter.
MERUINESS, m£r£r£-n5s, s. Mirth, merry disposi-
tion.
MERRY, m^r^r^, adj. Laughing, loudly cheerful •
gay of heart; causing laughter ; prosperous; to make
merry, to junket, to be jovial.
MERRY-ANDREW, m£r.r£-an£dr<$5, s. A buflbon,
a jack-pudding.
MERRY-THOUGHT, m£rir£-<Aawt, s. A forked
bone in tlie body of fowls.
MERSI.ON, indr-sii&n, *. The act of sinking.
MESEEMS,
it appears to me.
(Iinjiersonal verb.) 1 think,
MESENTERY, r»i£z4zln-t£r-(*, s. That, round which
the guts are convolved. — See Lisentery.
MESENTERICK, m^z-z^n-t^r-rlk, adj. 509. Re-
lating to the mesentery.
MESERAICK, m^z-z^r-a-lk, adj. 509. Belonging
to the mesentery.
MESH, nilsh, s. The space between the threads of a
net.
To MESH, mesh, v. a. To catch iu a net, to en-
, adj. Reticulated, of net- work.
snare.
MESHY,
MESLJN, m£silln, s. Mixed corn, as wheat and rye.
MESS, m£s, s. A dish, a quantity of food sent to ta-
ble together ; a particular set who eat together.
T» MESS, m&, v. n. To eat, to feed together.
MESSAGE, m£s-»ldje, *. 90. An errand, any thing
committed to another to be told to a third.
MESSENGER, m^s-s^n-j&r, *. 98. One who carries
an errand ; one who bruigs an account or foretoken of
any thing.
MESSIAH, mSs-sl-a, *. The Anointed, the Christ.
MESSIEURS, m^sh-shfiirz, or
Fr. Sirs, gentlemen.
MESSMATE, m^si-mate, s. One of a set who mesi
together.
MESSUAGE, m£s-swadje, s. The house and ground
set apart for household uses.
MESYMN1CUM, m^-slm-nd-kfim, *. A repetition
at the end of a stanza ; a kind of buulen.
MET, m^t, 77. The jrret. and part, of Meet
METABASIS, mi-tabia-sls, *. 5O3. In rhetorick, a
figure by which the orator passes from one thing to an-
other.
METABOLA, m^-tal/bA-la, *. In medicine, a
change of time, air, or disease.
METACARPUS, m^t-tj-karipfis, *. In anatomy, a
bone of the arm made up of four bones, which are joi li-
ed to the lingers.
METACHRONISM, mi- tak-ri-nlzm, s. An error
in the computation of time.
METAGBAMMATISM, met-a-gramia-tlzm, *. An
anagrammatick transposition of letters, so as to form
another word ; as out of the letters of Addisun, may be
formed Suidona.
METAL, m§t-tl, *• A hard compact botly, mallea-
bl« and capable of fusion. The metals are six in num-
ber; first, gold ; second, silver; third, copper; fourth,
tin ; fifth, iron ; and sixth, lead. Some have auUud
2M
MET
326
MET
559. Fite 73, far 77, fall 83, fit SI — m4 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 162, m3ve 164,
METAPHYSICKS, m£tita-f]*-lks, s. Ontology, the
mercury or quicksilver to the number of metals; but as
it wants malleability, the criterion of metals, it is more
properly ranked among the semi-metal*. Courage,
spirit.
jtj- As the metaphorical sense of this word, courage
and ipirit, has passed into a different orthography, met-
tle : so the orthography of this sense has corrupted the
pronunciation of the original word, and made it perfectly
similar to the metaphorical one. It is almost the only
instance in the language where at is pronounced in this
manner, and the impropriety is so striking as to encourage
an accurate speaker to restore the a to its sound, as heard
in medal. — See Spital.
METALEPSIS, m£t-ta-l5p£sls, * A continuation of
a trope in one word through a succession of significa-
tions.
METALLICAL, m£-ti£tt-k&l, 7 ,•„...
METALLICK, mA-tlWlk, 509. 5 "* Partakin*
of metal, containing metal, consisting of metal.
METALLIFEROUS, met-tal-lIi-f^r-Cis, adj. Pro-
ducing metals.
METALLINE, m£titil-15ne, adj. Impregnated with
metal ; consisting of metal.
J£5" Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, and Bailey,
accent the second syllable of this word ; but Dr. Kennck,
W. Johnston, Mr. Scott, Buchanan, Barclay, Penning,
and Entick, the first. I do not hesitate to pronounce the
latter mode the more correct ; first, as it is a simple in our
language, and, having three syllables, requires the accent
on the antepenultimate, notwithstanding the double / (see
Medicinal). In the next place, though there is no metal-
linus in Latin, it ought to follow the analogy of words of
that termination derived from the Latin, asCrystaUinus,
Serpentinus, Ac. which, when anglicised, lose the last syl-
lable, and remove the accent to the first. — See Academy.
For the i in the last syllable, see Principles, No. 148, HU.
METALLIST, m£t'tal-llst, «. A worker of metals,
one skilled in metals.
METALLOGRAPHY, m5t-tal-15g'gra-f4, 3. 518.
An account of metals.
METALLURGIST, met-til-l&r-jlst, $. A worker of
metals.
METALLURGY, m?t-tal-lur-j^, s. The art of work-
ing metals, or separating them from their ore.
Kf* This word is accented in three different ways by
different orthoepists. Dr. Johnson, Barclay, Penning,
and Perry, accent it on the second syllable"; Sheridan,
Buchanan, and Bailey, on the third; and Ash, Scott,
Nitres, and Entick, on the first ; and Kenrick on the first
ami third. The accent on the first seems to me the most
coirect. Bailey derives this word from the Greek /XJT«A-
Xos/jy/a ; and words of this form, upon dropping a sylla-
ble when anglicised, remove the accent higher, as philoso-
phy, philology, &.c. fiom ^ofoflit, atA.oX<)>-/i». The ac-
cent thus removed, in enclitical terminations, 513, gene-
rally falls upon the antepenultimate syllable, unless in
the two succeeding syllables there are uneombinable con-
sonants, as, chiromancy, oligarchy ; and in this case, for
the ease of pronunciation, ihe accent generally rises to
the next syllable, which throws a secondary or 'alternate
accent on the penultimate, and by this means gives the
organs a greater force to pronounce the uneombinable
consonants than if they immediately followed the princi-
pal stress. — See Principles, No. 517. 519.
To METAMORPHOSE, m4t-ta-morif&s, t;. o. To
change the form of any thing.
METAMORPHOSIS, m£t-ta.morif6-sls, *. 520.
Transformation, change of shape
METAPHOR, m£Uta-fur, s. 166. The application
of a word to a use, to which, in its original import, it
cannot be put ; a metaphor is a simile comprised in a
word.
MKTAPHORICAL, m£t ta-fir^-kal, 7
METAPHORICK, met-ta-f&riik, $ **• 508'
Not literal, not according to the primitive meaning of
the word, figurative.
METAPHRASE, met-tl-fraze, s. A mere verbal
translation from one language into another.
JJ t :T A PUR AST, met^ta-lrast, 4. A literal translator,
one who translates woid for word from one language
into another.
METAPHYSICAL, m2t-ta-flzi<J-kal, 7 .
METAPH\SICK, mth-ta-f Iz-Ik, 524. $ J' Versed
in metaphysieks, relating to metaphysieks, in Shake-
speare it means supernatural or preternatural.
,
doctrine of the general affections of beings.
METASTASIS, me-tas-tu-sis, s. 520. Translation
or removal.
METATARSAL, m£t-a-tar-sAI, adj. Belonging to
the metatarsus.
METATARSUS, m^t-i-tdr-s&s, s. The middle of the
foot, which is composed of five small bunts connected
to those of the first part of the foot.
METATHESIS, n.£-UU/*-e-sis, s. 520. A transpo-
sition.
To METE, m£te, v. a. To measure, to reduce to
measure.
METEMPSYCHOSIS, m^-tlinp-s^-ko->is, *. 520.
The transmigration of souls from bixly to body.
METEOR, mfct^ &r, or m&-tslit£-?ir, s. 263. Any
bodies in the air or sky that are of a fiux or transitory
nature.
METEOROLOGICAL, m£-t£-A-rA -lodije-kal, adj.
5 1 8. Relating to the doctrine of meteors.
METEOROLOGIST, me-te 6-rol-I6-jist, s. A man
skilled in meteors, or studious of them.
METEOROLOGY, md-t^ 6-r61-6-j^, s. The doc-
trine of meteors.
METEOROSCOPE, me-t^^o-rSs-kipo, *. An instru-
ment for taking the magnitude and distances of heaven-
ly bodies.
J£5" This word, though formed from the Greek, has,
like telescope, anglicised its termination, and therefore
ought not to have its final e sounded in a distinct syllable,
as Mason's example from Albumazar has pronounced it.
METEOROUS, m£-t(^6-ras, adj. Having the nature
of a meteor.
METER, me-tfir, 5. 98. A measurer.
METHEGLIN, int*-//j£g-lin, s. Drink made of ho-
ney boiled with water and fermented.
MtTHINKS, m£-//*ingks. (Verb impersonal.) I
think, it seems to me.
METHOD, m&/i-&d, s. 166. The placing of several
things, or performing several operations in the most
convenient order.
METHODICAL, m^-</;od-£-kal, adj. Ranged or
proceeding in due or just order.
METHODICALLY, miL</j5d^e-k&l-le, adv. Accord-
ing to method and order.
To METHODISE, mM-6-dize, v. a. To regulate,
to dispose in order.
METHODIST, m&th'-b dlst, s. This word anciently
signified a physician who practised by theory. A term
which designates several bodies of dissenters, but par-
ticularly the followers of the late John Wesley. It was
first applied by way of reproach to this eminent man.
METHOUGHT, m£ r/iawt,' the pret. of Muthinks.
METONYMICAL, m£t.t6-ii!m-me-kal, adj. Put by
metonomy for something else.
MtTONYMiCALLY, rn£t-t6-nlmim£-ktil-^, ado.
By metonomy, not literally.
METONYMY, m^-tun-^-m£, or m£t-6-nlm-£, 5.
A rhetorical figure, by which one word is put for ano-
ther, as the matter for the materiate ; He died by steel,
that is, by a sword.
f£y Authorities for the two difTerei.twayi! of accenting
this word are so nearly balanced, il:.ii n. u> haK. to say
which preponderates. Dr Johns:-*;, Dr. KCUUCK, Dr.
Ash, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, and B.iiiey, are for the fir».
and Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, U . jormsion, Mr. Scott,
Mr. liar-clay, Entick, and I ; : ub. •,. -, the author of tiic Rhe>
torick, for the last. In this case ihe ear and analogy
ought to decide. I have no doub. that the a. cent on th«
first syllable was the ancient mode of pronouncing thu
word," as we find it so accented in .almost all the systems ot
Ilhetorick published several years ten for tne use oi
schools : and as these words from the Greek were general-
ly pronounced in the Latin manner; that is, the accent
on the antepenultimate in Slrionymia, and not on the pe-
nultimate, as in tAtramtua, the secondary accent natu-
rally fell on the first syllable, which is naturally become
the principal of the English Metonymy, 505, see Academy.
But that the ear is pleased with the antepenultimate ac-
cent cannot be doubted ; and that this word has as great
a right to that accent as lipntliyiny, homunymy, tynony.
•uy, itc. is unquestionable. Besides, the encliucal iuxtutt
MID
327
MIL
nor 167, n5t 163 — tube 171, tftb 172. biill 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — t/iin 466 TH.is 469.
w this may be called, is so agreeable to the ear, that,
without evident reasons to the contrary, it ought always
to be preferred. See Principles No 515. 318, .">!!).
METOPOSCOPY, met-to-p5siko p^, *. 518. The
study of physiognomy.
METRE, luster, s. 416. Speech confined to a cer-
tain number and harmonick dis[H>sition of syllables.
METRICAL, m^t-tre-kal, adj. Pertaining to metre
or numbers.
METROPOLIS, miJ-tr&pipo-lls, * 518. The mo-
ther city, the chief city of any country or district.
METROPOLITAN, met-tr6-pol-]£-ian, s. A bishop
of the mother church, an archbishop.
METROPOLITAN, m<8utro-p&KH tin, adj. Be-
longing to a metropolis.
METTLE, m£t-tl, s. 405. Spirit, sprightliness,
courage. — See Metal.
METTLED, mei-tld, adj. 359. Sprightly, courage-
ous.
METTLESOME, mttW-t&m, adj. sprightly, live-
ly, brisk.
METTLESOMELY, mlt£tl-sum-l£, ado. With
sprightliness.
MEW, mil, s. A cage, an enclosure, a place where
a thing is confined ; cry of a cat ; a sea-fowl.
To MlCWL, mile, v. n. To squall as a child.
MEZEREON, m£ ze-r£ &n, s. 166. A species of
spurge laurel.
MEZZOTINTO, m£t-s6-t!ll-to, s. A kind of graving.
MlASM, mi-azm, s. M;W««, Greek. A particle
or atom, supposed to arise from distempered, putrefy-
ing, or poisonous bodies.
Jj^f The plural of this word in plain English is tniasrtu ;
if we choose to he learned, and use the 'Greek singular
miasma, We must make the plural miasmata. — See Sta-
mina.
MlCE, mise, s. The plural of Mouse.
MICHAELMAS, mlk-kel-m&s, s. 201. 88. The
feast of the archangel Michael, celebrated on the twen-
ty-ninth of September.
To MlCHE, mltsh, v. n. To be secret or covered.
MlCHER, mltsh-&r, s. A lazy loiterer, who skulks
about in corners and by -places ; a hedge-creeper.
J£5» This word, and the verb from which it is derived,
are in Ireland pronounced with the short i, as Mr. Sheri-
dan has marked it ; but I am much mistaken if it is not
in England pronounced with the long i, as more agreeable
to the orthography. There is a character in the farce of
the Stage-Coach, written by Farquhar, called Mic/ter,
and this 1 recollect to have heard with the i pronounced
long.
MlCKLE, mlk^kl, adj. 405. Much, great. Obsolete.
MICROCOSM, ml-kru-kozm, s. The little world.
Man is so called.
MICROGRAPHY, ml-krSg-^ra-ft1, s. 129. The de-
scription of the parts of such very small objects as are
discernible only with a microscope.
f^j- Why Mr. Sheridan should cross the general line of
pronunciation, by accenting this word on the first syllable,
cannot be conceived, especially as he has accented Micro-
meter properly. See Principles, No. 518.
MICROSCOPE, mUkro-»Lupe, s. An optick instru-
ment for viewing small objects.
MICROMETER, ml-krom-mt* t?ir, s. 129. 518.
An instrument contrived to measure small spaces.
MICROSCOPICAL, ml-kro-gkopi^-kSl, ;
MICKOSCOPICK, ml-kro sk.up-plk, 509. \ "'J'
Made by a microscope ; assisted by a microscope ; re-
semblin;; a microscope.
KlD, mid, adj. Middle, equally between two ex-
tremes; it is much used in composition.
}f ID COURSE, midikorse, s. Middle of the way.
MID-DAY, mlJ^da, s. Noon.
MIDDLE, mld-dl, adj. 405. Equally distant from
the two extremes; intermediate, intervening; Middle
ringer, the long finger.
MlDDLK, Tuld-dl, s. Part equally distant from two
cxtiemities; the time that passes, or events that hap-
pen between the beginning and end.
MIDDLE-AGED, ml<)-!il-a<)jd, adj. 359. Placed »-
bout the middle of life.
MIDDLEMOST, mlcUdl-tniat, adj. Being in the
middle.
MIDDLING, mld-llng, adj. 410. Of middle rank;
of moderate size; having moderate qualities of any
kind.
MIDLAND, midland, adj. 88. That is remote from
the coast ; in the midst of the land, mediterranean.
MlDGE, mldje, s. A small fly, a gnat.
MID- HEAVEN, mid-he vn, *. The middle of the
sky.
MlDLEG, mldM^g, S. Middle of the leg.
MIDMOST, inld-must, a<(j. Middle.
MIDNIGHT, mld-nite, s. The depth of night, twelve
at night-
MIDRIFF, mld-drlf, s. The diaphragm.
MlD-SEA, mld-se, s. The Mediterranean sea.
MIDSHIPMAN, mid-shlp-m£n, .1. 88. An officer
on b iard a ship next in rank to a lieutenant.
MIDST, midst, s. Middle.
MlDST, midst, adj. Midmost, being in the middle.
MIDSTREAM, mld-strchne, s. Middle of the stream.
MIDSUMMER, mld-sCim-mur, s. The summer
solstice.
MIDWAY, mld-wa, s. The part of the way equally
distant from the beginning and end.
MIDWAY, mld-wa, adj. Middle between two places.
MIDWAY, mld-wa, adj. In the middle of the |>as-
sage.
MlDWIFE, mid-wife, s. 144. A woman who assist!
women in childbirth.
MIDWIFERY, mSd-wlf-re, s. 144. Assistance given
at childbirth ; act of production : trade of a midwife.
|£5" Though the i is long in Midivije, it is alwaysshort
in its derivative Midwifery, and the compound Man-mid-
wife.
MIDWINTER, mld-wln-tur, s. The winter solstice.
MlEN, meiie, s. Air, look, manner.
MIGHT, mite, 293. The jtret. of May.
MIGHT, mite, i. Power, strength, force.
MIGHTILY, mi-te-le, adv. Powerfully, efficaciously;
vehemently, vigorously; in a great degree, very much.
MIGHTINESS, mKt£-n£s, s. Power, greatness,
height of dignity.
MlGHTY, mi-te, adj. Powerful, strong ; excellent,
or powerful in any act.
MlGHTY, mU-te, adv In a great degree.
MIGRATION, ml-gra-sli&n, S. 129. Act of chang-
ing place.
MlLCH, irillsh, adj. 352. Giving milk.
MlLD, mild, adj. Kind, tender, indulgent ; soft,
gentle; not acrid, not corrosive ; mellow, sweet, having
no mixture of aridity.
MlLDEW, milidfr, «. A disease in plants.
To MlLDKW, mil-dfi, e. «. To taint with rof'dew.
MILDLY, njild^, ad». Tenderly; gently.
MILDNESS, mlld-n^s, s. Gentleness, tendeinesr,
clemency ; contrariety to acrimony.
MlLE, mile, s. The u.-nal measure of roaAi in Eng-
land, one thousand seven hundred and sixty \ards.
MILESTONE, mik-stone, s. Stone set to mark th«
miles.
MILFOIL, mil-foil, c. A plant, the same «4fc yar-
row.
MlLlARY, mll-ya-r^, adj. Hit. SmaU, •esembling
a millet seed.
MILIAHY FEVER, miU-va-re-/e-vur, 5- A <mr
that produces small eruptions.
MILITANT, mllW-tftnt, adj. Fightinf, r>ro«rut-
ing the business of a soldier; "engird in \ ar.'are with
hell am! the world. A ierm applied to the Crru»eri cf
Christ ou earth, ;is ornxwid to theC hurth Triumphant.
MIL 328 MIN
&• 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, niSve 164,
of a soldier, soldierly ; suiting a soldier, pertaining to a hould not be so used ; and then it must necessarily be.
soldier, warlike: effected by soldiers.
MILITIA, mil llsh-ya, «. The train bands, the
standing force of a nation.
MlI.K, milk, s. The liquor with which animals feed
their young; emulsion made by confusion of seeds.
TU MlLK, milk, v. a. To draw milk from the breast
by the hand or from the dug of an animal ; to suck.
MlLKEN, milk^kn, adj. 103. Consisting of milk.
MlLKEll,,milk-uT, s. 98. One that milks animals.
MlLKINESS. milk-e-n&, S. Softness like that of
milk, approaching to the nature of milk.
MlLKLIVtRED, inllWIv-vurd, attj. Cowardly,
faint-hearted.
MILKMAID, mllk'm4de, s. Woman employed in
the dairy.
MILKMAN, milk-man, s. 88. A man who sells
milk.
Mu.KPAIL, Itiilk-pale, *. Vessel into which cows
are milked.
IMlLKPAN, milk-pan, *. Vessel in which milk is
kept in the dairy.
Mll.KPOTTAGE, milk-pot-tldje, *. 9O. Food made
by boiling milk with water and oatmeal.
MlLKSCORE, inllk-skore, s. Account of milk-owed
for, scored on a board. A petty sum.
MlLKSOP, milk-sop, s. A soft, effeminate, feeble-
minded man.
MlLKTOOTH, mllkito6//i, s. Milkteeth are those
small teeth which come forth before when a foal is a-
bout three months old.
MlLKWHITE, mllki white, adj. 397. White ai milk.
MlLKWORT, milk-w&rt, s. Milk-wort is a bell-shap-
ed flower.
MlLK WOMAN, mllkiwum-mfin, s. A woman whose
business is to serve families with milk.
MlLKY, milk-<i, adj. 182. Made of milk ; resemb-
ling milk ; yielding milk ; soft, gentle, tender, timor-
ous.
MlLKY-WAY, milk^-wa, s. The galaxy ; a stream
of light in the heavens, discovered to arise from an
innumerable assemblage of small stars.
MlLL, mill, s. An engine or fabiick in which corn
is ground to meal, or any other body is comminuted.
To MlLL, mil, v. a. To grind, to comminute; to
beat up chocolate ; to stamp letters or other work round
the edges of coin in the mint.
MiLL-COG, nfll-k&g, s. The dcnticulations on the
circumference of wheels, by which they lock into other
wheels.
Mil. I. DAM, milWam, *. The mound by which the
water is kept up to raise it for the mill.
MlLL-HORSE, mil-h6rse, s. Horse that turn» a
mill.
MiLL-TEETH, mlUtWrt, .«. The grinders.
MlLLKNARIAN, mil-le- na-iv-an, 4. One who ex-
pects the millenium.
MILLENARY, inil-I£-na r£, actf. Consisting of a
thousand.
MILLENNIUM, mil-lSnine'-fim, s. 1 13. A thousand
years; generally taken for the thousand years, during
which, according to an ancient tradition in the church
grounded on a doubtful text in the Apocalypse, ou:
Blessed Saviour shall reign with the faithful upon earth
after the resurrection.
MILLENNIAL, mil ]&n-n& al, adj. 113. Pertaining
to the millennium.
MILLEPEDES, milil£-p£dz, or n
Wood-lice, so called from their numerous feet.
J£5" The former pronunciation of this word is adopttx
by Dr. Johnson, Dr. KenrU-k, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott
aiid Entick: and ihe latter by Mr. Nares, W. Johnston
Buchanan, and Perry. That the latter is the more fa
thionable cannot !><• denied ; but that the former is th<
more correct is evident, from similar words v>hieh hav
been anglicised ; thus. Bipeds and Quadrupeds have drop
ped their Latin final pliable; and why the word in ques-
tion should retain it, cannot be conceived. Besides, thoug
•eldom used in the singular, there is no reason that it
come a mtilipe>l : Centipeile, properly Centiped, is adopt-
ed ; and by forming Centipeds in the i.lural, shows us
ow we ought to form and pronounce the word in ques-
ion ; and if Antipodes has not yet submitted to ihis ana-
ogy, it is because, like Cantharidet, Caryatides, Manet,
fee. it is never used in the singular.— See Antipodes.
MtLLER, mil-lur, s. 98. One who attends a mill.
MILLER'S-THUMB, mil-lurz-j/i&m,' s. A small fish
found in brooks, called likewise a bullhead.
MILLESIMAL, mil-l&s-sti-mal, adj. Thousandth.
MILLET, mil-lit, «. 99- A plant ; a kind of fish.
MILLINER, mll-lin-n&r, s. 98. One who sells rib-
bands and dresses for women.
MILLION, miliy Em, 5. 113. The number cf a Inui.
dred myriads, or ten hundred thousand ; a proverbial
name for any very great number.
MILLIONTH, mll-yb.nt/1, adj. The ten hundred
thousandth.
MILLSTONE, milist&ne, & The slone by which
com is ground.
MlLT, milt, *. The sperm of the male fish ; the
spleen.
MlLTER, milter, s. 98. The male of any fish, the
female being called spawner.
MlLTWORT, milt-wurt, * An herb.
MlME, mime, *. A buffoon who practises gesticula-
tions, either representative of some action, or merely
contrived to raise mirth.
To MlME, mime, v. n. To play the mime.
MIMER, mi-mfir, s. 98. A mimick, a buffoon.
MIMETIC, me-m£t-ik, adj. 129. Apt to imitate ;
having a tendency to imitation.
K5" This word is in no Dictionary that I have met
witn ; but is it is regularly derived from the Greek otiuir
<,;, and is adopted by good speakers, there is no reason
why it should not be inserted, especially as it stems to
convey a different idea from similar words; for the ad-
lective mimick seems to imply the act of imitating ; and
imitative, the power, capability, or habit of imitating ,
while mimetic signifies a proneness or tendency to imita-
tion. Besides, mimetic seems to imply a ludicrous imita-
tion of the actions and passions of living creatures ; but
imitative is applied to any objects, and generally implies
serious and respectable imitation. Thus we say, " Paint-
ng is an imitatii>e art, and that apes are very mimetic,"
and " it is observable, that those who are very mimetit
are seldom imitative of grand and noble objects." Harris,
therefore, seems to have used this word rather inaccurate-
ly, when he says, " The mimetic art of poetry has been
hitherto considered as fetching its imitation from mere
natural resemblance. In this it has been shown much
inferior to painting, and nearly equal to musick."— Uar-
rtfs Three Treatises, ch. iv.
MlMICAL, mlm-m£-kal, adj. Imitative, befitting
a mimick, acting the mimick.
MlMlCALLY, mim'm£-kal-£, adv. In imitation,
in a inimical manner.
MiMICK, mim-mik, *. 543. A ludicrous imitator,
a buffoon » ho copies another's act or manner ; a meaa
or servile imitator.
MiMICK, mim-mik, adj. Imitative.
To MiMICK, mimimik, v. a. To imitate as a buf.
foon, to ridicule by a burlesque imitation.
MlJIICHY, mim-mtk-r^, s. Burlesque imitation.
MIMOGRAPHER, n.^ m&g-gra-fCir, *. 129. A
writer of farces.
MINACIOUS, m£-na'bhfis, adj. 356. 129. FuU
of threats.
MlNACITY, m£-nas's£-t£, S. Disposition to us*
threats.
MINATORY, min'na-t&r-£, adj. 512. Threaten-
ing.— For the o, see Domeslick.
To MlNCE, minse, v. a. To cut into very small
parts ; to mention any thing scrupulously by a little at
a time, to palliate.
To MlNCE, minse, v. n. To walk nicely riy fhort
steps ; to speak small and imperfectly ; to speak afiect-
edly.
MlNClNGLY, n,inising-l£, adv. 410. In small
parts, not full
MIN
329
MIN
nor 1^7, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299— pound 31S— /Ain 466— THIS 469
MIND, mmd, s. Intelligent power ; liking, choice, MlNEHALIST. mln-r,£r-al-lst, s. One skilled 01
inclination ; thoughts, sentiments ; opinion; memory,
remembrance.
To MlNU, mind, 'v. a. To mark, to attend ; to
put in mind, to remind.
To MIND, mind, r. n. To incline, to be disposed.
Little used.
MlNDED, mlnd^kl, adj. Disposed, inclined, affected
towards.
MINDFUL, mlnd-ful, adj. Attentive, having me-
mory.
MINDFULLY, mindiful-k1, adv. Attentively.
MlNDFULNESS, mlnd-ful-il^s, s. Attention, re-
gard.
MINDLESS, mind-I£s, adj. Inattentive, regardless ;
not endued with a mind, having no intellectual powers.
MlND-STRirvEN, mlnd-strik-kn, adj. 103. Moved,
affected in the mind.
MINE, mine, pron. possessive. Belonging to rro.
Jf5" I" reading the Scripture, as, " Mine eyes have
seen thy salvation," we are at no loss for the pronuncia-
tion of this word, as the dignity and solemnity of the
composition invariably directs us to give the i its long
sound, as infine, line, &c. but in Milton and oilier authors,
where there is no such dignity or solemnity, this sound
of the word has an intolerable stiffness, and' ought not to
have been used. Thus, in the Spectator, No. 19.5. Mr.
Addison says, " Were I to prescribe a rule for drinking,
it should be formed upon a saying quoted by Sir William
Temple : — ' The first glass for myself, the second for my
friends, the third for good humour, and the fourth for
mine enemies.' " In Milton too :
In ShakespeaTe, also :
«• Sleeping within mint orchard,
" My custom always in the afternoon,
" Upon my tecure hour thy uncle stole,
«• With juice of cursed hebenon in a phial,
" And in the porches of mine ears did pour
«• The leperous diiUlment."— Hamlet.
In all these instances we find a formality, a staleness,
jmd uncouthness of sound, that is peculiarly unpleasant
to the ear ; and as this mode of writing was introduced
when our language may be said to have been in its infan-
cy, for the sake of euphony (for it is clearly ungrammati-
cal), so now, when it may be said that it has arrived at
its maturity, the very same reason seems to entitle the
present age to alter it; that is, 1 mean the pronunciation
thus mincing the matter, (if the pun will be pardoned me,)
theymultilate the word, and leave it more disagreeable to
the ear than it was before. Readers, therefore, have no
choice, but either to pronounce it as it is written, and to
let the author be answerable for the ill sound ; or, in all
language but that of Scripture, to change it into my, pro-
nounced like me.
,
os, by requesng
Falstaff to speak scholarly and wisely, seems to intimate,
that this use of the word nfine before' a vowel or an h, was
the most correct way of speaking. But though thy will,
in familiar or ludicrous language, admit of being enraged
into the sound of the— mine will, on no occasion, sutler an
alteration into min. When the vowel is used familiarly,
it is always a burlesque upon the grave use of it, and
therefore requires the grave sound, that the humour may
not be lost.
MlNE, mine, S. 64. A place or cavern in the earth
which contains metals, or minerals; a cavern dug un-
der any fortification.
To MlNE, mine, v. n. To dig mines or bunows.
To MlNE, mine, v. a. To sap, to ruin by mines,
to destroy by slow degrees.
MINER, mineifir, s. 98. One that digs for metals;
one who makes military mines.
MlNEKAL, min-<ir-ll, s. 88. Fossil body, matter
dug out of mines.
MlNKllAL, min-n^r-al, adj. Consisting of fossil
bud i us.
MINKRALTST, mln-ii^r-il-ls
employed in minerals.
MINERALOGIST, mln-n^r-il-lo jlst, s. One who
discourses on minerals.
MINERALOGY, mln-n£r-il-lA-je, s. 518. The
doctrine of minerals.
To MINGLE, mlngigl, v. a. 405. To mix, to
join, to compound, to unite with something so as to
make one mass-
To MINGLE, mlng-gl, t>. n. To be mixed, to be
united with.
MlNGLE, mlngigl, s. Mixture, medley, confused
mass.
MlNGLER, minp£gl-ur, s. 98. He who mingles.
MINIATURE, mlti-ti.ture, *. 274. Representation
in a small compass, representation less than the re-
ality.
MlNIKIN, m1n-n£-k1n, adj. Small, diminutive.
MlNIM, min-nlm, S. A small being, a dwarf.
MlNIMUS, mln-nti-mus, s. A being of the least
size. Not used.
MlNION, mln-yun, s. 8. 113. A favourite, a dar-
ling ; a low dependant. Among printers, a small sort
of type.
MlNIOXJS, min-yus, adj. 113. Of the colour of red
lead or vermilion.
To MINISH, mln-nlsh, v. a. To lessen, to lop, to
impair. Obsolete.
MfNISTER, mln-n?s-tur, s. 98. 503- b. An agent ;
one who acts under another; one who is employed in
the administration of government; one who performs
sacerdotal functions ; a delegate, an official ; an agent
from a foreign power.
To MINISTER, mln-nls-tur, v. a. To give, to sup-
ply, to afford.
To MINISTER, mln^nls-tur, v. n. To attend, to
serve in any office ; to give medicines ; to give supplies
of things needfu!, to give assistance ; to attend on the
service of God.
MINISTERIAL, m1n-nis-te.ir^-:\I, adj. Attendant,
acting at command ; acting under superior authority;
sacerdotal, belonging to the ecclcsiasticks or their office ;
pertaining to ministers of state.
MlNISTERY, mlniis-tfir-e, s. Office, service.
MlNISTRAL, min-nls-tr&l, adj. 88. Pertaining to
a minister.
MlNISTRANT, mlninls-trant, adj. Attendant, act-
ing at command.
MINISTRATION, mln-nls-traisliun, s. Agency,
interventibn, office of agent delegated or corr missioned;
service, office, ecclesiastical function.
MINISTRY, min-nls-tr^, *. Office, service ; ecclesi-
astical function ; agency, interposition ; persons em-
ployed in the publiek affairs of a state.
MINIUM, mln-yum, s. 113. Vermilion, red lead.
MINNOW, mln-no, i. 327. A very small fish, a
pink.
MINOR, mi-nur, adj. 166. Petty, inconsiderable ;
less, smaller.
MlNOR, mi-nur, s. One under age; the second or
particular proposition in the syllogism.
MINORITY, me.-n&r^o-te, s. 129. The state of r»-
ing under age; the state of being less; the smaller
number.
MiNOTAUtt, mln'ni-dlwr, i. A monster invented
by the poets, half man and half bull.
MlNSTER, min-stur, s. 98. A monastery, an eccle-
siastical fraternity, a cathedral church.
MlNSTREL, mln-stril, s. 99. A musician, one who
plays upon instruments.
MlNSTRELSEY, mln-str£l-s£, s. Musick, instru-
mental harmony ; a number of musicians.
MINT, mint, *. A plant.
MINT, mint, s. The place where money is coined ;
any place of invention.
To MINT, mint, v. a. To coin, to statoip money {
to invent, to forge.
MIS
330
MIS
559. l-'ate 73, far 77, fall ??. fat 81 — m£ 93, met 95 — pine 1O5, pin 107 — no 162, mote lfJ4,
5C^* What is remarkable in the pronunciation of this
inseparable preposition is, that the s, whether ihs accent
be on it or not. or whether it be followed by a sharp or flat
consonant, always retains its sharp hissing sound, am!
never goes into z, like dig and ex. The reason <ee;ns to
be, that the latter come to us compounded, and have their
meaning so mingled with the word as to coalesce with
it, while mis remains a distinct prefix, and has but on*
uniform meaning.
MISACCEPTATION, mls-ak-s£p-ta-sh&n, *. The
act of taking in a wrong sense.
MISADVENTURE, mls-id-veiAshure, s. Mischance,
misfortune, ill luck; in law, manslaughter.
MISADVENTURED, mis id-veiiitshurd, adj. 359.
Unfortunate.
MISADVISED, mls-ad-vizd/ adj. 359. Ill-directed.
MISAI.MED, mls-amd,' adj. 359. Not aimed nghtlt.
MISANTHROPE, mis-an-iArope, 5. 503. A hater o/
mankind.
MISANTHROPY, mis-inii/jri pe, s. 518. Hatred
of n ankind.
MISAPPLICATION, mis ap-ple ka-shun, i Ap-
plication to a wrong purpose.
To MISAPPLY, mls-ap-pll,' v. a. To apply to wrong
purposes.
To MISAPPREHEND, mls-ap-pre-liend; ».. a. Not
to understand rightly.
MISAPPREHENSION, mis-ap-pre-hen-siiCin, j.
Mis'ake, not right apprehension.
To MlSASCRIBE, mis-is-skrib-'/ v. a. To ascribe
falsely.
To MISASSIGN, mis-as-sine,' v. a. To assign er-
roneously.
To MISBECOME, mis-be-kim,' v. a. Not to be-
come, to be unseemly, not to suit.
MISBEGOT, mis-be-got/ 7
MISBEGOTTEN, mis-be-gutitn, $ adJ' UlllawfullJ
or irregularly begotten.
To MISBEHAVE, mis-be have,' v. n. To act ill M
improperly.
MISBEHAVIOUR, mis-be liavt-.v&r, *. ill conduct,
bad practice.
MISBELIEF, mis-be-leef/ s. False religion, a wrong
belief.
MlSBEUEVER, mis-be-lee-vur, s. One that holds
a false religion, or believes wrongly.
To MISCALCULATE, mis-kal-ku-late, v. a. To
reckon wrong.
To MisCAL, mls-kawl/ v. a. 4O6. To name impro-
perly.
MISCARRIAGE, niis-kariridje, *. 90. Unhappy e-
vent of an undertaking ; aboriion, a.t of bringing forth
before the time.
To MISCARRY, mis-karire, v. n. To fail, not to
have the intended event ; to have an abortion.
MISCELLANEOUS, mis-sel la-ue-as, adj. Mingled,
com|>osed of various kinds.
MISCELLANEOUSNESS, mis sel-la-iie-Cis-n£s, *.
Composition of various kinds.
MISCELLANY, mis-sel-len-e, adj. 503. Mixed of
various kinds.
{CJ- The accent on the first syllable of this word, which
is the accentuation of all our ortlu.epists, except L)r. Ken-
rick, is a proof of the tendency to follow the secondary
accent of the original Latin word, notwithstanding the
douule consonant in the middle. Thus. Mif.-eiianea, m
our pronunciation of it, having a stress o.i the tir.~i, be-
comes the accent when the worn is anglicised by dropping
a syllable. — Sec Acatlony, MarnUlai y, and Mmullaty.
MISCELLANY, mis-sel-len-e, s. A mas* or c-iiiec-
tion formed out of various kinds.
To MISCAST, mis-kast/ u. a. To take a wrong ac-
count of.
MISCHANCE, mls-tshanse,' s. ill luck, ill fortune.
MISCHIEF, misi-Uhir, i. 277. Harm, hurt, what-
ever is ill and injuriously done; ill consequence, vexa-
tious affair.
To MISCHIEF, inls-Ubif, v. a. To hurt, to harm,
to injure.
MINTAGE, mint-idje, S. 9O. That which is coined
nr stainiMKl; Ihc duty paid for coining.
MlNTER, mint-6r, * 98. A coiner.
Ml.NT.MAN, mint-mill, s. 88. One skilled in coin-
age.
MINTMASTER, mint-ma-stur, s. One who presides
in coinage.
MlNUET, mill-lib it, S. 99. A stately regular dance.
MiNUM, nuu-nCim, s. With musicians, a note of
slow time.
MINUTE, me-niite,' adj. Small, little, slender, small
in bulk.
jt5* If we wi-h to be very minute, we pronounce the i
in the first syllable long, as" in Liu word directly, which
see.
MlNUTE, mln&itlt, s. The sixtieth part of an hour ;
any small space of lime ; tlie first draught of any agree-
ment in writing.
ICj* 1 have given the colloquial pronunciation of this
word, but in all solemn speaking would recommend the
or'hographical, or that which is indicated by the spelling.
To MlNUTE, inin-nit, v. a. To set down in short
hints.
MINUTE- BOOK, min-nit-book, *. Book of short
hints.
MINUTE-GLASS, min-nit-glas, s. Glass of which
tlic sand measures a minute.
MINUTELY, me-n&U-le, adv. To a small point,
exactly. — See Slinute.
MINUTELY, min-nlt-le, adv. Every minute, with
very little time intervening. Little used.
MINUTENESS, mti-nute-a£s, *. Smailncss, exility,
incon^iderableness.
MINUTE-WATCH, mlninit-witsh, *. A watch in
which minutes are more distinctly marked than in com-
mon watches which reckon by the hour.
MlNUTIA, me-ufc^she -a, s. 92. The smallest part
of an y thing.
$5> Tins word, which is much in use, is a perfect La-
tin word, the plural of which, minutia;, is pronounced
MINUTLS, me-nu-she-e.
MlNX, mingks, s. 408. A she puppy j a young,
pert, wanton g'rl.
MlRACLE, imi'-i-kl, & A wonder, something above
human power; in theology, an effect above human or
natural power, pet formed m attestation of some truth.
Jt^?" 1 have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the sound of
the first syllable of this word, as he seems to have adopted
a vulgar pronunciation which dons not distinguish between
tlie sound of i, succeeded by single or double r, not final ;
and the sound of i final, or succeeded by r and another
consonant. In the former case the i is pure, and has ex-
actly the same sound as its representative >j in Pyramid,
L'jrick, &c. ; in the latter the i goes into short e or u, as
inJJirth, Virtue, &C. or Sir, Stir, &c. — See Principles,
No. lOS, M9, 110.
MIRACULOUS, me-rakMtu-lus, adj. Done by mi-
racle, prixiuccd by miracle, effected by power more than
natural.
MIRACULOUSLY, me rak^ku-lus-le, adv. By mi-
racle, by power above that of nature.
MlRACULOUSNESS, me-rak-ku-las-n£s, *. Supe-
riority to natural power.
MlRE, mire, s. Mud, dirt.
To MlRE, mire, v a. To whelm in tlie mud.
MlRlNESS, mi-re n£s, s. Dirtiness, fulness of mire.
MIRROR, rmV-rfir, s. 1O9. 166. A looking glass,
any tiling which exhibits representations of objects by
reflection ; it is used for paaern.
MlRTH, m&rl/t, s. 108. Merriment, jollity, gayety,
lauglr.er.
MlUTHFUL, mer//i-ful, adj. Merry, gay, cheerful.
MIRTHLESS, merf/j-les, adj. Joyless, cheerless.
MlRY, mi-re, adj. Deep in mud, muddy ; consist-
ing of mire.
Mis, mis. An inseparable particle used in composition
to mark an ill sens , or depravation of the meaning, as
cruncc, luck; mischance, ill-luck; to like, to be pleas-
ed ; to mislike, to bj offended. It is derived from mcs,
iu Teutouick and French, used ui the same sense.
MIS
331
MIS
nor 167, nSt 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 611 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
MISERY, mlz-zur-4, *. 440. 557. Wretchednesi,
MISCHIEFMAKF.R, mIs-tsIi!f-mA'kur, *. One who
causes mischief.
MISCHIEVOUS, mints' >£-v&s, adj 277. Harmful,
hurtful, destructive; spiteful, malicious.
J5t5* i here is an accentuation of this weird upon the se-
cond syllable, chiefly confined to the vulgar, which, from
its agreeableness to analogy, is well worthy of being adopt-
ed by the learned. Analogy certainly requires that the
nerb formed from the noun mischief should be mischieve,
us from thief, thieve; giirf, grieve; belief, believe, &c.
with the accent on the second syllable, 492, and from such
a verb would naturally be formed the adjective in ques-
tion. But what analogy can give sanction to a vulgarism ?
What Pope observes of tne learned in another case, is but
too applicable in this:
they i
the crowd, that if the throng
go rlgrtf, they purposely go w
iy add, that in language, :
rang.
as in many other
To which we may add, that In language, as in many other
cases, it is safer to be wrong with the polite than right with
Hurt-
Possible to be
Ces-
anse, 7
» t r *• Un
n-s^, 5
ibelief, false
the vulgar.
MISCHIEVOUSLY, tmVtshi-vus-W, adv. Noxious-
ly, hurtfully, wickedly.
MISCHIEVOUSNESS, inis-tsh^-vus-n^s, s.
fulness, pernieiousness, wickedness.
MlSCiBLE, mls-s£ bl, adj. 405.
mingled.
MisciTATION, rnls-sl-ta-shun, $. Unfair or false
quotation.
To MisciTE, mis- site/ v. a. To quote wrong.
MlSCLAIM, mls-klame,' s. Mistaken claim.
MISCONCEIT, mls-kon-s&k,' )
MISCONCEPTION, mls-k&u-s£pishun, \
wrong notion.
MISCONDUCT, mls-konMukt, *. Ill behaviour, ill
management.
To MISCONDUCT, mls-kon-dukt,' v. a. To man-
age amiss.
MISCONSTRUCTION, mls-kon-strfik^shun,
wrong interpretation of words or things.
To MISCONSTRUE, mis-k&n-stru, t;. a. To inter-
pret wrong. — See Construe.
MISCONTINUANCE, mls-k5n-tlninu-anse,
sation, intermission.
MiSCREANCE, mls-kr^-anse,
MISCREANCY,
faith, adherence to a false religion
MISCREANT, mls^kr^-ant, *. One that holds a
false faith, one who believes in false gods ; a vile wretch.
MISCREATE, mis-Kr^-ati-,' >
MISCREATED, mls-kr4-4Atfd. $ °* *
naturally or illegitimately.
MISDEED, mis-d^d,' *. Evil action.
To MISDEEM, inls-deem/ v. a. To judge ill of, to
mistake.
To MlSDEMEAN, mls-d<*-m£ne,' tx a. To behave ill.
MISDEMEANOR, mis de-n:^'nur, s. 166. A pet-
ty offence, ill behaviour.
To MlSDO, mls-doo,' v a. To do wrong, to com-
mit a crime.
To MlSDO, mls-rlio,' v. n. To commit faults.
MlSDOER, mls-doo-Qr, s. 98. An offender, a cri-
minal.
To MISDOUBT, mls-dout,' v. a. To suspect of de-
ceit or danger.
MISDOUBT, mls-dout,' s. Suspicion of crime
danper ; irresolution, hesitation.
To MISEMPLOY, rnls-ihn-ploe,' v. a. To use to
wrong purposes.
MlsEMPLOYMENT, mls-ein-plyt^m£nt, s. Impro-
per application.
MISER, mi-zur, s. 98.
tremity.
MISERABLE, mlz-z&r 4 bl, adj. 557. Unhappy,
A wretch covetous to ex-
unhappiness ; calamity, misfortune, cause of misery.
To MISFASHION, mls-fash-un, v. a. To form
wrong.
MISFORTUNE, mls-f5r-tsl>une, 5. 461. Calamity,
ill luck, want of good fortune.
To MISGIVE, mls-glv,' v. a. To fill with doubt,
to deprive of confidence.
MlSGOVERNMENT, mls-guviurn-tn4nt, s. Ill ad-
ministration of publick affairs ; ill management ; irre-
gularity, inordinate behaviour.
MISGUIDANCE, mls-gyi-danse, s. False direction.
To MISGUIDE, mls-gyide,' v. a. To direct ill, to
lead the wrong way. — See Guide.
MISHAP, mis-hip,' s. Ill chance, ill luck.
To MlSINFER, mls-ln-f3r,' v. a. To infer wrong.
To MISINFORM, mis-ln-form/ v. a. To deceive by
false accounts.
MISINFORMATION, mls4rufor-maishun, s. Fal.-e
intelligence, false accounts.
To MISINTERPRET, mls-ln-t£ripr3t, v. a. To ex-
plain to a wrong sense.
To MlSJOlN, mls-jiln/ v. a. To join unfitly or
improperly.
To MISJUDGE, mls-judje/ t;. a. To form false o-
pinions, to judge ill.
To MlSLAY, mis-la,' t;. a. To lay in a wrong place.
MlSLAYER, mls-la-ur, s. 98. One that puts in the
wrong place.
To MISLEAD, mjs-l£dp/ r. a. To guide a wrong
way, to betray to mischief or mistake.
MlSLEADER, mls-l&dur, *. 98. One that leadi
to ill.
MlSLEN, mls-lin, *. Mixed corn.
To MlSLlKE, mis-like,' t). a. To disapprove, to be
not pleased with.
MlSLIKE, mis-like/ s. Disapprobation, distaste.
MlSLIKER, mls-li-kur, s. 98. One that disap-
proves.
To MlSLIVE, mls-Hv,' v. a. To live ill.
To MISMANAGE, mis-man-idje, v. a. To ma-
nage ill.
MISMANAGEMENT, mls-mAnildje-m&it, s. Ill
management, ill conduct.
To MISMATCH, mis-matsli/ v. a. To match un-
suitably.
To MISNAME, mis- name,' v. a. To call by the
wrong name.
MlSNOMER, mls-no^mur, s. 98. In law, a<) indict-
ment or any other act vacated by a wrong name.
To MlSOBSF.RVE, mls-6b 7^rv/ v. a. Not to ob-
serve accurately.
MlSOGAMIST, m4-s6giga-mlst, s. 129. A marri,
age-hater.
MlSOGYNY, m^-s5dij4-ne, i. 129. Hatred of wo-
men.
To MiSORDER, mls-3r-dur, v. a. To conduct ill,
to manage irregularly.
MiSORDER, mls-oridur, s. 98. Irregularity, dis-
orderly proceedings.
MlSORDERLY, ll)is-3ridur-l^, ailj. Irregular.
TJ MisPEND, mls-sp&nd,' j>. a. To spend ill, to
waste, to consume to no purpose.
]\IISPENDER, mls-sp£nd-ur, s. One who spend* ill
or prodigally.
MISPERSUASION, mis-p£r-swaizhun, *. Wrong
notion, false opinion.
To MISPLACE, mls-plase,' v. a. To put in a
wrong place.
To MISPRISE, mis-prize,' v. a. To mistake, to slight,
wretched; worthless, eulpably parsimonious, stingy. to scorn. The word in this sense is wholly obsolete.
MlSER ABLENESS, iiilzizur-a-bl-nes, s. State of MISPUISION, mis prlzliiun, *. Mistake, miscon-
misery. | ception; neglect, concealment.
MISERABLY, mlzizfir-S-bl^, adv. Unhappily, ca- ' To MISPROPORTION, mls-pri-porisliun, t>. a.
lamitouslj- ; wretchedly, meanly. ' To join without due proportion.
MIS
332
MIS
559. Fife 73, fAr 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi? 93, nrSl 95— plrie 105, pin- 1O7 — nA 162, mftve
MISPROUD, mis-proud; adj. Vitionsly proud. Ob-
•olete.
T« MISQUOTE, mla-kwite,' v. a. 415. To quote
falsely. — .^ee Quote.
To MlSRECITE, mls-r^-slte,' v. a. To recite not
according to the truth.
To MlSRECKON, mls-r£k£n, v. a. 1O3. To rec-
kon wrong, to compute wrong.
To MlSRELATE, mls-r£ lite/ r. a. To relate
inaccurately or falsely.
MlSRELATlON, mls-rA-Iaish&n, s. False or inac-
curate narrative.
To MiSREMEMBER, mls-r£-m£mib&r, v. a. To
mistake by trusting to memory.
To MlSREPORT, mls-r^-pdrt/ v. a. To give a false
account of.
MisREPOIiT, mls-ri-pirt,' *. False account, false
and malicious representation.
To MISREPRESENT, mls-r£p-pre-z<?nt,' v. a. To
present not as it is, to falsify to disadvantage.
MISREPRESENTATION, mis.r£p-pr4-z£n-ta-sli&i*,
.'. The act of misrepresenting; account maliciously
false.
MISRULE, m!s-r561,' s. 339. TUmult, confusion,
revel.
Miss, mis, J. TKe term of honoufr to a young girl ;
a strumpet, a concubine, a prostitute.
7'i) MlSS, mis, v. a. Not to liit, to mistafce ; to fail of
obtaining ; to discover something to be unexpectedly
wanting ; to be without ; to omit: to perceive want of.
To MlSS, mis, r. n. To fly wide, not to hit ; not to
succeed; to fail, to mistake; to be lost, to be wanting ;
to miscarry, to fail ; to fail to obtain, learn, or find.
Miss, mis, s. Loss, want ; mistake, error.
MlSSAL, mls^sal, ». The mass book.
To MlSSAY, mls-sa/ v. a. To say ill or wrong.
To MISSEEM, mls-s^m,' t>. n. To naaRe false ap-
l>earance; to misbecome.
To MisSERVE, mls-s£rT/ r. a. To serve unfaith-
fully.
To MISSHAPE, mis-shape,' v. a. To shape ill; to
form ill, to deform.
Missn.E, mls-sll, adj. 140. Thrown by the hand,
striking at a distance.
MISSION', mish-un, i. 49. Commission, the state of
being sent by supreme authority; persons sent on any
account; dismission, discharge.
MISSIONARY, mls!i-&n-nar-n*, 7
MISSIONER. mlshi.&n-nur, 98. 512. i *'
sent to propngate religion.
MISSIVE, mis-slv, adj. 158. Sttch as may be sent ;
such as mav be thrown.
MISSIVE, mlsisiv, S. 158. A letter sent ; it h re-
tained in Scotland in that sense. A messenger. Obsolete.
To MISSPEAK, mls-speke,' v. a. To speaK wrong.
To MISSTATE, mis-statf,A v. a. To state wrong.
MlST, mist, s. A low thin cloud, a small thin rain
not perceived in drops ; any thing that dhns or darkens.
To MlST, mist, ». a. To cloud, to cover with a va-
pour or steam.
MISTAKABLK, mis taMca-LI, atij. 4O5. Liable to
be conceived wrong.
To MISTAKE, mls-take^ v. a. To conceive wrong,
to take something for that which it is not
To MISTAKE, mis-take/ ». n. To err, not to judge
right
MISTA'EN, mls-tane/ pret. and jtart. pass, of Mis-
take, poetically for Mistaken.
To be MISTAKEN, mis-taikn, 103. To err.
$£?' Dr. Johnson savs this word has a kind of reciprocal
loose. Imistttk' is like the French Jt me trompe: I am
muttikfn means / misconceive, I aiu in an error, more
frequently than / am ill understood ; but, my opinion is
tin. taken, means, mi/ opinion it not rfg/it/yvtutcrslood.
\\ i never ii'ay have been the cause of this irregularity, it
hai long been an eyesore to our l.rammarians, but' has
jot such pOMMta of the language *> to render it almost
incurable. Let us avoid it as much as we will in spea*
ing and writing, it will still remain upon our book? AS a pait
of the language. Mistaken wretch for rhistai-i tig wretch,
is an apostrojthi.' th:-.t occur.! every where among our noe!s,
particularly those of the stage; the most incorrigible of
all, and the rrrtBt likely to fix and disseminate an error of
this kind. Our old writers were ignorant of Grammar,
and thought all phrases grxxl that did not quarrel with
the ear; but that is not the case since the labours of
Johnson and Lowth. The best way therefore to remedy
these abuses, is to avoid them in future. With respect to
Dr. Johnson's op'tiioh, that this verb is used in a recipro-
cal sense, ft may be Observed, that this is the case with
all neuter verbs of action; or, as Dr. Lowth calls them,
intransitively actiif, or transUiivii/ neuter ; but the ver&
in question, I am mistaken, for lain mistiikinff, seems ra-
ther to be what the Latins call a verb l)fponrnt ; an ac-
tive verb with a passive form ; an irregularity which is no
recommendation to the Latin language, and is a blemish
in ours. I recollect but one verb more of this kind ; anif
that is, to speed, in the tense of to succefil we'l or iU, which,
as a verb neuter, ought to have no passive form ; and yet
Pope says,
" A dire dilemma ! either way I'm ipfd ;
"If foe:, iHer write ; if friends, they read1 me deed. •
And Otway, in the Orphan, says,
" I'm manyd— Death, I'm tptd."
MISTAKE, mis-take^ s. Misconception, error.
MlSTAKINGLY, mJs-ta-klng-l<J, adv. Erroneously,
falsely.
To MisTEACH, mls-t£tsh,' t>. a. To teach wrong.
To MlSTEMP'ER, m!s-t£m-p&r, t>.<*. To temper ilt.
MlSTBR, mls-t&r, adj. 98. (From mestier, trade,
French.) What mister, means, what kind of. Obsolete.
To MiSTERM, mis-term/ v. a. To term errone-;
ously.
To MlSTHlNK, mls-f/fink,' v. n. To think ill, to
think wrong.
To MISTIME, mls-tlme/ v. a. Not to time right.
not to adapt properly with regard to time.
MISTINESS, mls^ti-nfej i. Cloudiness, state of be-
ing overcast
MISTION, mis^tsh&n, s. 464. The state of being
mingled.
MISTLETOE, mlzizl-to, i. 472. The name of one
of those plants which draw their nourishment from
soirie other plant It generally grows OH the apple tree,
sometimes on the oak, and was held in great venera-
tion by the ancient Druids.
MlSTLltwK, mist-like, adj. tike a mist.
MisTOLD, mis-told,' part. pass, of MisteH.
MISTOOK, mts-uVik,' part, jxiss. of Mistake.
MlSTKESS, mlsttrls, s. A woman who governs, cor-
relative to subject or to servant; a title of common re-
spect; a woman skilled in any thing ; a woman teacher;
a woman beloved and courted; a term of contemptuous
address ; a whore, a concubine.
5^> The same haste and necessity' of despatch, which
has corrupted Master into Mister, has, when it is a title
of civility only, contracted Mistress \nln3tiisis. Thus,
Sirs. Montague, Mrs. Carter, inc. are pronounced Misfit
Montagu*, Missir Carter, dec. To pronounce the word
as it is written, wouW, in these cases, appear quaint and
pedantick-.
MlSTRUSf. mls-tr&st,' «. Diffidence, suspicion, want
ofc nhMcuce.
To MISTRUST, mis-trust,' jr. o. To suspect, to
doubt, to regard with diffidence.
MISTRUSTFUL, mls-trtist-lul, adj. Diffident, doubt-
ing.
MISTRUSTFULNESS, mls-trSst-ful-nfe, j. Difti-
denee, doubt.
MISTRUSTFULLY, mis-tr&st-Iul-e, adv. Witn sus-
picion, with mistrust
MlSTRUSTLESS, inis-tr&st-l^s, arfj. Confident, u»
MlSTY, mtb^tiJ, adj. Clouded, ovcr-)>read with mists
obsc'.ire.
To MISUNDERSTAND, mls-&n-diir-stind,' »•. a.
To misconceive.
MlBUNDERSTANDING, n)ls-&n-(lu
Ditference. disagreement ; misconcej
MOB 333
nflr 167, not 163— tfcbe 171, tfib 172, bill 17S— oft 299— pound 313— th'm 466— TH?s 469.
MISUSAGK, mls-diizidje, *. 9O. Abuse, ill use; bad
treatment.
To MISUSE, mls-fizc,' v. a. 437. To treat or use
improperly, to abuse.
MISUSE, mis-iise,' s. 437. Bad use.
To MISWEEN, mls-w&n,' t>. n. To misjudge, to
distrust. Obsolete.
MisY, rnUsd, s. A kind of mineral much resemb-
ling the golden marcasite.
iVIlTE, mite, s. A small insect found in cheese or
corn, a weevil ; the twentieth part of a grain ; any thing
proverbially small ; a small particle.
MlTELLA, m£-t£l-la, s. 129- 92. A plant.
MlTHHIDATE, mlM^-date, s. Mithridate was for-
merly, before medicine was simplified, one of the ca-
pital medicines of the shops, consisting of a great num-
ber of ingredients, and has its name from its inventor,
Mithridates, king of Pontus.
MlTIGANT, mlt-ti*-gant, adj. lienient, lenitive.
To MITIGATE, mlt-te-gate, v. a. 91. To soften ;
to alleviate ; to mollify; to conl, to moderate.
MITIGATION, mit-t^-gaish&h, s. Abatement of
any thing penal, harsh, or painful.
MiTllE, inUtftr, s 416. A kind of episcopal crown.
MlTRED, ml-t&rd, adj. 359. Adorned with a mitre.
MlTTENS, mlt-tinz, s. 99. Coarse gloves for the
winter ; gloves that cover the arm without covering the
fingers.
MITTIMUS, mltit^-mfis, S. A warrant to commit
an offender to prison.
To MlX, mlks, v. a. To unite different bodies into
one mass, to put various ingredients together ; to min-
gle.
MIXTION, mlks-tshftn, s. 464.
sion of one body with another.
Mixture, confu-
> Mr. Sheridan is the only lexicographer who gives
unds of the letters, that hai inserted this word, ex-
Mi XTLY, nilkst-te, adv. With coalition of differ-
ent parts into one.
MiXtURE, mlksitshire, s. 461. The act of mixing,
the state of being mixed; a mass formed by mingled
ingredients ; that which is added and mixed.
MlZMAZE, miz-maze, s. A labyrinth.
MlZZEN, mlz-zn, *. 103. The mizzen is a mast
in the stem of a ship.
MNEMONICKS, n^-monJ-nlks, j. The art of me-
mory.— See Pneumatlck.
the soi
««pt Mr. Barclay. The former spells the word mne-mon-
iks, and leaves us to pronounce the first syllable as we
can ; while the latter leaves out the »», and spells the word
nemonlcks; which, in my opinion, is the way it ought to
be pronounced.
Mo, m6, adj. More in number.— See Know.
To MOAN, mone, v. a. 295. To lament, to de-
plore.
To MOAN, mone, v. n. To grieve, to make lamen-
tation.
MOAN, mone, s. Audible sorrow.
MOAT, m6te, s. 295. A canal of water round a
house for defence.
To MOAT, mite, v. a. To surround with canals by
way of defence.
MOB, mob, *. The crowd; a tumultuous rout; a
kind of female head-dress,
JrJ> Toller tells us, that in the latter end of the reign
of Fung Charles II. the rabble that attended the Karl of
.Shattesbury's partisans was first called mobile vulgus, and
afterwards by contraction the mob ; and ever since ihe
word has become proper English. To which we may add,
that in Mr. Addison's time this word was not adopted;
for hesays, (Spectator, No. 135.) " 1 dare not answer that
iioh, rep, pos, Incog, and the like, will not in time be
looked upon as i>art of our tongue."
To MOB, m&b, v. a. To harass or overbear by tu-
mult.
MOBBISH, rri»3t>-bfeh, adj. Mean, done after the
manner of the mob.
TO MoBBI.E, md-bl, v. a. To dreis grossly or in-
elegantly. Obsolete.
Jf^f- This word now exists as spoken no where but ;n
the Hamlet of Shakespeare :
" But who, alas ! had seen tlie molded queai ."•
This is always pronounced mohb-led upon the stage ; and
this reading appears more correct than mabled and mob-led,
which some critics have substituted ; for Dr. Farmer tells
us he has met with this word in Stiirlesft Gentleman Of
Venice.
" The moon dow •mobile up herself."
This seems to receive confirmation from the name wo-
men give t6 a cap, which is little more than a piece of
linen drawn together with strings round the head. The
learned Mr. Upton's supposition, that this word signifies
led by the mob, is an anachronism, as the word mob was
not in use in the time of Shakespeare.
MbBBY, m6b'be, s. An American drink made of
potatoes.
MOBILE, mo-be^l,' s. 112. 140. The populace,
the rout, the mob.
MOBILITY, mo-bll-l£-t£, *. Nimbleness, activity ; in
cant language, the populace; fickleness, inconstancy
MOCHO-STONE, mo-ko-stone, s. Mocho-stones are
neajrly related to the agate.
To Mock, m&k, v. a. To deride, to laugh at; to
ridicule; to mimick in contempt ; to defeat, to elude ;
to fool, to tantalize, to play on contemptuously.
To MOCK, m&k, v. n. To make contemptuous sport.
MOCK, mok, s. Act of contempt, sneer ; imita-
tion, mimickry.
MoCK, mok, adj. Counterfeit, not real.
MoCKABLE, m&k-ka-bl, adj. Exposed to derision.
MOCKER, m&k-k&r, s. 98. One who mocks, a scor-
ner, a scoffer.
MOCKERY, m6k-k5r-£, s. Derision, sportive in-
sult; contemptuous merriment ; vanity of attempt; imi-
tation, counterfeit appearance, vain show.
MOCKING-BIKD, inokiking-b&rd, *. An Ameri-
can bird, which imitates the notes of other birds.
MOCKINGLY, mok-king-1^, adv. In contempt, with
insult.
MOCKING-STOCK, m5kik!ng-st5k, s. A butt fot
merriment.
MODAL, mo^-dal, actf. Relating to the form or mode,
not the essence.
MODALITV, m£-dJl-l£-td, j. Accidental differ-
ence, modal accident.
MODE, mode, s. Form, accidental discrimination ;
gradation, degree ; manner, method ; fashion, custom.
MODEL, mod-d£l, S. A representation in miniature
of something made or done ; a copy to be imitated ; a
mould, any thing which shows or gives the shape of
that which it encloses ; standard, that by winch any
thing is measured.
To MODEL, mod-d£l, v. a. To plan, to shape, to
mould, to form, to delineate.
MODELLER, mid-d^l-liir, *. 98. Planner, schemer,
contriver.
MODERATE, modid3r-at, adj. 91. Temperate1,
not excessue; not hot of temper ; not luxurious, not
expensive; not extreme in opinion, not sanguine in n
tenet; placed between extremes, holding the mean; of
the middle rate.
To MODERATE, m5did£r-ate, v. n. 91. To re-
gulate, to restrain, to pacify, to repress ; to make tem-
perate.
MODERATELY, m5d-d£r-at-I£, adv. Temperately,
mildly ; in a middle degree.
MODERATENESS, m&d-der-at-n&>, s. state of bo-
ing moderate, temperateness.
MODERATION, m6il-dt5r-a-shun, s. Forbearance
of extremity, the contrary temi>er to party violence;
calmness of mind, equanimity ; frugality in expen.-e.
MODERATOR, mid-d&r-aUur, s. 421. The per-
son or thing that calms or restrains ; one who presides
in a disputation, to restrain the contending parties front
indecency, and confine them to the question.
MODERN, midklurn, at/j. 98. Late, recent, no<
ancient, not antique ; in Shakespeare, vulgar, mean,
common.
MOL
334
MON
ES, { mA-16^slz, 7
o •) A M ' 1 f *• "• Treacle, the
ES, I mo-las-siz, i
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall S3, fat SI — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 18*
loration of the body; a mound, a dike; a little beast
that works under ground.
MOLECAST, mole-kast, *. Hillock cast up by a
mole.
MoLECATCHER, mole-katsh-&r, s One whose
employment is to catch moles.
MOLECULE, moW-ktle, .1. A small part of anj
thing, a little cake or lump, a small s|x>t on the skin.
Jt^> This word is said to be formed from the Latin
mniecula, but as it is anglicised, it must be pronounced in
three syllables — See Animalcule.
MOLEHILL. mAl.ihil, s. 406. Hillock thrown up
by the mole working underground.
To MOLEST, mA-list,' v. a. To disturb, to trouble,
to vex.
MOLESTATION, m61 £s-ta-sh&n, ». Disturbance,
uneasiness caused by vexation.
MOLESTER, mA-lestifir, «. 98. One who disturbs.
MoLETRACK, mok-trak, *. Course of the mole
under ground.
MOLEWARP, mAle-warp, *. A mole. Not used.
MOLLIENT, mol-y£nt, adj. 113. Softening.
MOI.LIFIABLE, mol-li-fl a bl, adj. That may be
softened.
MOLLIFICATION, mol-li-fi-kaislifin, s. The act
of mollifying or softening ; pacification, mitigation.
MOLLIFIER, mAWe-fl-tr, s. 183. That which
softens, that which appeases; he that pacifies or miti-
gates.
To MOLLIFY, mol-li-fl, v. a. To soften ; to as-
suage; to appease ; to qualify, to lessen any thing harsh
or burdensome.
MOLTEN, molitn, 103. part. )>ass. from Melt.
MOLY, moili, s. The wild garlick.
MOLO9SES,
MOLASSES,
spume or scum of the juke of the sugar cane.
55* The second spelling and pronunciation of this word
is preferable to the first ; ar.d as it is derived from th<
Italian melfasxo, perhaps the most correct spelling and
pronunciation would be meUntses.
MOME, mAme, *. A dull stupid blockhead, a stock,
a post. Obsolete.
MOMENT, mA-me'nt, s. Consequence, importance,
weight, value ; force, impulsive weight ; an indivisible
particle of time.
MoMENTALLY, mo^m^n-tal-i, adv. For a mo-
ment.
MOMENTANEOUS, mA m<?n-taini-&s, adj. Lust-
ing but a moment.
MOMENTARY, mAimln-ta-ri, ndj. 512. Lasting
for a moment, done in a moment.
MOMENTOUS, mA - ni£n '- tus, adj. Important,
weighty, of consequence*.
MoMMERY, muiii-rnfir-i, j. 165- 557. An enter-
tainment in which maskers play frolicks.
MONACHAL, mftn-na-kal, adj. Monastic k, relau
ing to monks, or conventual orders.
MoNACHISM, mon-iia-klzin, s. The state of monks,
the monastiik life.
MONAD, ( m&n-nad, or}
,. < i, 4, > *. An indivisible thing.
MONADE, I mAinad, j
&5" Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Nares are the only orrhoe-
pists who determine the quantity of the first vowel in this
word ; which they do by making it short. The only rea-
son that can be given is the omu-ron in the Greek ur'tx; ;
and what a miserable reason is this, when in our pronun-
ciation of the Grexk word we make it long ! — See Princi-
ples, No. 543, 5=,4, Ac.
MONARCH, miSn-iiark, s. A governor invested with
absolute authority, a king; one superior to the rest of
the same kind ; a president.
MONARCHAL, mA nar-kal, adj. 353. Suiting a
monarch, regal, princely, imperial.
MONARCHICAL, mA-nar-ki-kal, adj. Vested in *
single ruler.
2'd MONA&CHISE, mon-nar-klze, p. n. To play
the king.
8, modklfirnz, s. Those who have lived
latelv , opp seil to the ancients.
MODERNISM, mod-d&rn-nizm, *. Deviation from
the ancient and classical manner.
To MODERNIZE, it'od-jQrn-nlze, r. a. To adapt
ancient compositions to modern per.-ons or things.
MODERNNESS, mod-d&rn-n£s, J. Novelty.
MODEST, m&d-dlst, adj. 99. Not presumptuous ;
not forward ; not loose, not unchaste.
MODESTLY, mod'dlst-li, adv. Not arrogantly ;
not impudently ; not loosely; with moderation.
MODESTY, mod-dls ti, $. 99. Moderation, de-
cency ; chastity, puritv of manners.
MODESTY-PIECE, m6didis-te-pees, *. A narrow
lace which runs along the upper part of the stays before.
MODICUM, m5dkli-k&m, s. Small i»rtion, pit-
tance.
MODIFIABLE, modidi-fl-a-bl, adj. 183. That may
be diversified by accidental differences
MODIFICABI.E, mA-dil^fe ka-bl, adj. Diversifiable
by various modes.
MODIFICATION, mAd-di-f£-kaish&n, t. The act
of modifying any thing, or giving it new accidental dif-
ferences.
To MODIFY, mAd^di-fl, v. a. 183. To change
the form or accidents of any thing, to shape.
in architecture, are little brackets which are often set
under the Corinthian and Composite ciders, and serve
to support the projecture of the larmier or drip.
MODISH, mAidish, adj. Fashionable, formed ac-
cording to the reigning custom.
MODISHLY, moidlsh-le, adj. Fashionably.
MODISHNESS, inA-dlsh-nis, s. Affectation of the
fashion.
To MODULATE, modii-late, or mod-jfi late, v. a.
293. 894. 576. To form sound to a certain key, or to
certain notes.
Wont'LATiON,m6d.di!i-la^b&n,ormod.jia-la£sh&n,
*. The act of forming any thing to certain proportion ;
sound modulated, agreeable harmony.
MODULATOR, mod-6 la-t&r, or m&dij&-la-t&r, s.
521. He who forms sounds to a certain key, a tuner.
MODULE, module, or m&d-j6.1e, *. An empty re-
presentation, a model.
MODUS, mAid&s, *. Something paid as a com-
pensation for tithes, on the supposition of being a mo-
derate equivalent.
MoE. mo, s. More, a greater number. Obsolete
See Know.
MOHAIR, mAihare, s. Thread or stuff made of ca-
mel's or other hair.
MoHOCK, mA^hok, *. The name of a cruel nation
of America, given to ruffians who were imagined to in-
fest the streets of London in Queen Anne's reign.
MoiDORE, moi-dAri',' s. A Portugal coin, rated at
one pound seven shillings.
MoiETY, moe'i-ti, s. 299. Half, one of two equal
parts.
To MOIL, moil, v. a. 299. To daub with dirt ; to
weary.
To MOIL, mill, v. n. To toil, to drudpe. Scarcely
used, exetjit in the phrase, " To toil and moil."
MOIST, moist, adj. 2!»9. Wet, wet in a small de-
gree, damp; juicy, succulent.
To MOISTEN, enWm, r. a. 472. To make damp,
to make wet to a small decree, to damp.
MoiSTENER, mol-sii-fir, s. The person or thing
that moistens.
MoiSTNUSS, nio!s:in£s, «. Dampness, wetness in
a small degree.
MOISTURE, molsitsh&re, s. 461. Small quantity of
water or liquid.
MoLE. niAlf. ». A mole is a formless concretion of ex-
travasatod blood, which grows into a kind of flesh in
tUe uterus ; a false conception ; a natural spot or disco-
MON
335
MON
nor 167 nil 16 ' — tube 17!, tfib 17?, bfill 173 — oil 299— pound 313 — </*in 466 — THIS 469
r>f religious mirrrnent, convent. dan
MONASTICK, mo-nis-tlk, 509. 7 adj- Religiously MoNOME, rnon-nome, s. In algebra, a quantity
MONASTJCAL, mc> nus^-kAl, S recluse. > that has but one denomination^ r.ame.
MONASTICALLY, mo-nisit^-kiMe, adv. Recluse- MoNOMACHY, mo nom-1 k<5, j. A duel ; o single
ly in the manner of a monk. i ^ N^(hjn ^ more show the uncertainty of our or-
MONDAY, mCin-ile, s. 223. The second day of the thoepists in the pronunciation of unusual words, than the
week. accentuation of this, and those of a similar form. The
MONEY, m&'i-ne, s. 165. Metal coined for the only words of this termination we have in Johnson's Dic-
nurnoses of commerce tionary, are logomachy . HOHMMMjf, MraflMOktr, and the-
•,., ? ', i', » I omacliy; the two first of which he accents on the first syl-
MONEYBAG, inun-ne big, s. A large purse. i ,ab,e> %nd ,he two ,ast on ,he iceom,. Mr. Sheridan has
MONEYCHANGER, muu-ne-tshan-jur, s. A broker but two of them, logomachy and sciomadty ; the first of
in money. which he accents on the first syllable, and the last on the
TIT,, i i ?j i- ,-00 Ti' i. • . second. Mr. Scott has none of them. Dr. Ash has them
HONEYED, mun-nld, adj. 283. Rich in money; aU> and accenu ,„,„„„,,/,,,, mono,nachy, and theomaclty,
often used in opposition to those who are possessed of on the first syi|able ; tart tcfomachu on the second. Bai-
lands. i.ii 1 'eV act>ents monmnadty and sciomochy on tfic first syllable,
MONEYLESS, mun-ne-les, adj. Wanting money, ' and logomai:li>/ and ihetnnachy on the third. W.John-
penniless ston nas only logomachy, which he accents on the second
MONEYMATTER, m&nind-mit-t&r, s. Account of syllable. Mr. Perry has only theomach,,, which he accent.
debtor and creditor. llluln on lne nrsl
MONEYSCRIVENER, rnfm-ntl-skilv-nftr, S. One the second syllable.
who raises mouey for others. This confusion among our orthoepists plainly shows
MONEYWORT, mOr.tai-wirt, s. A plant. jtne »»le attention which is paid to analogy; for this
* ~ » j i ., ! would have informed them, that these words are under
MONEY SWORTH, mOilMltt-WurW, *. Something the same predicament as those ending in g-r<y;Ay, %>,
valuable. I &c. and therefore ought all to have the antepenultimate
MONGER, mun"-K&r, s, 381. A dealer, a seller ; accent. An obscure idea of this induced them to accent
p., " ° some of these words one way, and some another ; but no-
•»» ? i i, , : thing can be more evident than the necessity of accenting
MoNGUEL, n.ung'gnl adj. 99 Of a mixed breed, all of them uniformly on the sauie syllable — See Prina-
To Mo.MISH, ii 5 i-nisl). v. a. To admonish. ' l>les, No. 513, 518, &c.
.. i/'ii. no. iv ' As to Dr. Johnson's observation, which is repeated by
MOMSHER, mon-lll-h-Cir, S. 98. An admomsher, Dr- Kenrick aild Mr. Nares, that sciomnchy ought to be
a monitor. j written tlfiamai-hi/, I have only to observe at present, that
MONITION, mo-nlsli-fill, s. Information, hint, in- , writing* instead of o is more agreeable to etymology ; but
struction document ! ^"g'1* f >nto i-. either in writing or pronouncing, is an
on the second likewise. Eiitick has them all, and accent*
them on the first ; and Dr. Kenrick accents them all on
irregularity of the most pernicious kind, as it has a ten-
dency to overturn the most settled rules
of faults, or infor-ns of <!uty ; one who pives useful — ggg ScefiticJt, and Principles, No. 351).
rreguay o te mos perncous
MONITOR, mon-Iie-tur, s. 106- One who warns den£y to n\,erturn the m'oit settlei| rui^ of the language.
i. The character of a
MONITORY, mo«tn«-tnr-e, adj. 512 Conveying
useful instmction, giving admoniiion.— For the last o,
see Domfstick.
MONITORY, inon-ne-tur-re, i. Admonition, warn-
ing.
MONK, mangk, s. 165. One of a religious com-
munity bound by vows to certain observances.
MONKEY, m&ngk-k£, *. 165. An ape, a baboon,
an animal bearing some resemblance of man ; a word
of contempt, or slight kindness.
MONKERY, ui&ngk-kur-^, s. 557. The monastick
life.
MONKHOOD, mfingk-hfid.
monk.
MONKISH, m&ngk-klsh, adj. Monastick, pertain-
ing to monks.
MONK'S HOOD, m&ngksihud, s. A plant.
MONK'S-RHUBAUB, iiuingks-rdoiburb, s.
cit'S of dock.
MoNOCHORD, mon-nA-kord, s. An instrument of
one string.
MONOCULAR, mi-nokikh-lAr, 7 ..
MONOCULOUS, m6-.i5kikW&s, \ aUj' '
MONODY', mon-no-d.i, s. A poem sung by one per-
son, not in dialogue.
MONOGAMIST, uio-no^igi-mlst, s. One who dis-
allows second marriages.
MONOGAMY, uio-nog-gd-m£, t. 518. Marriage
of one wife.
MONOGRAM, mon-no-gr&ia, s. A cipher, a cha-
racter compounded of several letters.
MONOLOGUE, mon^no-Iog, s. 333. A scene in
which a person of the diama speaks by himscll ; a soli-
loquy.
JJ^p~\Vhy Mr. Sheridan should pronounce dialn^uevilh
the last syllable like lo«, prologue with the same syllable
likcluj,', and mo-utiogut: rhyming will) vogue, 1 caiutot cou-
MONOPETAI.OUS, m5n-no p^t-tAl 15s, adj. It U
used for sui-h flowers as are formed out of one leaf,
% howsoever they may be seemingly cut into small ones.
'• MONOPOLIST, mo-nop-po-list, 5. One who by
engrossing or patent obtains the sole power or privilege
of vending any commodity.
2'i> MONOPOLISE, mo-nop^po-llzp, v. a. To have
the sole j>ovcr or privilege of vending any commodity
MONOPTOTE, min-nop -tote, or m6 nop^tote, i.
Is a noun used only in some one oblique case.
J^F- The second pronunciation, whith is Dr. Johnson's,
DrTAsh's, Mr. Flarclay's, and Entick's, is the most usual ;
but the first, which is Mr. Sheridan's, is more agreeable
to analogy ; for the word is derived from mnnoptoton ;
which we pronounce with two accents, one on the first,
and another on the third ; and when we shoi ten the word
by anglicising it, we generally place the arcunt on the syl-
lable we accented in the original. — See Heterocliie.
MoNOSTICH, ni6n-no-stik, s. 509. A composi-
tion of one verse.
MONOSTHOPHIC, m6n-6-stro£fik, adj. Written
in unvaried metre.
MONOSYLLABICAL, mon-no-sIl.lilA^-kal, adj.
Consisting of monosyllables.
MONOSYLLABLE, in6n-uo-s11 li-bl, s. A word of
only one syllable.
MONOTONICAL, mon o-ton^ kil.m/;. Spoken with
monotony.
MONOTONOUS, mo-noti-o-nas, adj. Having a same-
ness of sound.
MONOTONY, mo-not-t.o-n&, .?. 518. Uniformity o/
sound, want of variety in cadence.
MONSOON, mon-s6on,' s. Monsoons are shifting
trade winds in the Kast-Jndiau ocean, which blow pe-
riodically.
HloNSTER, m&nist&r, *. 98. Something out of the
common order of nature; something horrible for de-
formity, wickcdnrss, or mischief.
To MONSTER, mon-sUir, v. a. To put out of tht
common order of things. Not used.
MOO
S36
MOR
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 164,
To MOOT, moot, v. a. 306. To plead a mock
cause, to sta'e a point of law by way of exercise, as was
commonly done in the inns of conn at appointed times.
MOOT CASE or POINT, n-ootXkase, s. A point or
case unsettled and disputable.
MOOTED, mooted, adj. Plucked up by the root.
MOOTEU, mo6l-5r, s. 98. A disputer of moot points.
MOP, mop, s. Pieces of cloth, or locks of wool, fix*
ed to a long handle, with which maids clean the floors ;
a »ry mouth made in contempt. Not used in the lat-
ter sense.
To MOP, m6p, ». a. To rub with a mop.
To MOP, mop, t7. n. To make wry mouths in con-
tempt. Obsolete.
To MOPE, rr.ope, t>. n. To be stupid, to drowse, to
be in a constant day-dream.
To MOPE, n-.ope, v. a. To make spiritless, to de-
prive of natural powers.
MOPE-EYED, mope-ide, adj. 283. Blind of one
eye; dim-sighted.
MOPPET, mop- pit, J -,.
n, i i > t '• 89. 270. A puppet made
MOPSEY, mop^se, J
of rags as a mop; a fondling name for a girl.
MopL'S, mo^pus. s. A drone, a dreamer.
MORAL, mor'ral, adj. 88. 168. Relating to the
practice of men towards each other, as it may 1* virtu-
ous or criminal, good or bad ; reasoning or instructing
with regard to vice and virtue; popular, such as is
known in the general business of life.
MORAL, mortal, s. Morality, pra'ctice or doctrine
of the duties of life ; the doctrine inculcated by a fic-
tion, the accommodation of a fable to form the morals.
To MORAL, rr>5r-al, t7. n. To moralize, to make
moral reflections. Not used.
To MORALISE, mor-ral-ize, v. a. To apply to
moral purposes; to explain in a moral sense.
To MORALISE, rr.6riral-ize, v. n. To speak or
write on moral subjects.
MoRALISER, m6r-ral-i-z&r, *. 98. He who mo-
ralises.
MORALIST, morirSl-llst, s. One who teaches th«
.duties of life.
MORALITY, mo-ral-l<*-t£, *. The doctrine of th«
duties of life, ethics: the form of an action which
makes it the subject of reward or punishment.
MORALLY, mor-ral-e, adv. In the etl.ical cense,
according to the rules of virtue; jxipularly.
MORALS, m6r-ral/, s. The practice of the duties of
life, behaviour with respect to others.
MORASS, mo-ras,' s. Fen, bog, moor.
MORBID, mor^-bld, adj. Diseased, in a state con-
trary to health.
MORBIDNESS, mor-bld- n^s, *. State of being dis-
eased.
MORBIFICAL, rr.or blfife'-kal, 7 adj. Causing div
MORBIFICK, mfir-blfif Ik, 509. $ eases.
MOKBOSE, mor-bose,' adj. 427. Proceeding from
disease, notheal:hy.
MoRBOSITY, nior- bosise-ti, s. Diseased state.
MORDACIOUS, mor-daishOs, adj. Biting, apt to bite.
MORDACITY, mor di>-s£ td, s. Biting quality.
MORDANT, moKHant, adj. Biting, pungent, acrid.
J£5" The lexicographers would have more prui ei !y
spelled this word Mordent, as it comes from the Latin
inordfo, to bite.
MORDICANT, morid^-kant. adj. Biting, acrid,
MOHDICATION, mor-de-ka-sliQn, *. The act of
corroding or biting.
MORE, more, adj. In greater number, in greatet
quantity, in greater degree; greater.
MORE, more, adv. To a greater degree ; the par
tide that forms the comparative degree, as, mere hajw
py; again, a second lime, as, once more; ho more,
have done; no more, n<i longer existing.
MORE, more, *. A greater quantity, a greater de-
gree ; greater tiling, other ti.ing.
MONSTROSITY, m6n-strosis<*-ti, *. The state of
lieinv; monstrous, or out of the common order of the
universe.
MONSTROUS, monistrfis, arlj. Deviating from the
stated order of nature; strange, wonderful; irregular,
rnormous, shocking, hateful.
MONSTROUS, monistrus, adv. Exceedingly, very
much.
MONSTROUSLY, mon£strfis-Ii, adv. In a manner
out of the common order of nature, shockingly, terri-
bly, horribly ; to a great or enormous degree.
MONSTROUSNESS, min-str6s-n£s, *. Enormity,
irregular nature or behaviour.
MONTH, mfin</i, s. 165. One of the twelve princi-
pal divisions of the year ; the space of four weeks.
MONTH'S-MIND, nmnito-aaaif $. Longing desire.
MONTHLY, miinlh'-l&, adj. Continuing a month ;
performed in a month ; happening every month.
MONTHLY, mh\\th-\e, adv. Once in a month.
MONUMENT, mon-n&-m£nt, J. 179. Any thing by
which the memory of persons or things is preserved, a
memorial ; a tomb, a cenotaph.
8^3- There are no words in which inaccurate speakers
are more apt to err, than where u is not under the accent.
Thus we frequently hear, from speakers, not of the lowest
class, this word pronounced as if written monement.
MONUMENTAL, mon-n&-m£n£tal, adj. Memorial,
preserving memory ; raised in honour of the dead, be-
longing to a tomb.
MOOD, mood, *. 1O. 306. The form of an argu-
ment ; style of musick ; the change the verb undergoes
to signify various intentions of the mind, is called
Mood ; temper of mind, state of mind as affected by
any passion, disposition.
MOODY, m66-d£, adj. Out of humour.
MoON, moon, s. 306. The changing luminary of
the night; a month.
MOON-BEAM, m66nib^me, s. Kay> of lunar light.
MOON-CALF, moonikaf, s. A monster, a iaUe
conception ; a dolt, a stupid fellow.
IklOON-EYED, mfionilde, adj. Having eyes affected
by the revolutions of the moon ; dim-eyed, purblind.
MOONFERN, rr,6o«if£rn, s. A plant.
MOONFISH, mS6n-l1sh, «. Moon-fish is so called,
because the tail fin is shaped like a half moon.
MOONLESS, mdou-l^s, adj. Not enlightened by the
moon.
MOONLIGHT, moSnilite, *. The tight afforded by
the moon.
MOONLIGHT, moon-lite, adj. Illuminated by the
moon.
MOONSHINE, mo5n-shlne, *. The lustre of the
moon.
MOONSHINE, moonshine, 7 adj. Illuminated by
MOONSHINY, moonishl-n<i. $ the moon.
MOONSTRUCK, m66n£struk, adj. Lunatick, af-
fected by the moon.
MOONWORT, m6oni\v&rt, *. Stationflower, honesty.
MOONY, ino5nin4, adj. Lunated, having a cres-
cent for the standard resembling the moon.
MOOR, moor, s. 31 I. A marsh, a fen, a bog, a
tract of low and watery ground ; a negro, a black-a-moor.
To MOOR, ra66r, v. a. 311. To fasten by an-
chor? or otherwise.
To MOOR, m66r, v. n. To be fixed, to be sta-
tioned.
MOOUCOCK, mSorikik, s. The male of the moor-
hen.
MOORHEN, moorih<*n, s. A fowl that feeds in the
fens, without ^eb feet.
MOORISH, moorish, s. Fenny, marshy, watery.
MOORLAND, moorMand, s. Marsh, fen, watery
ground.
MOORSTONE. mouristAne, *. A species of granite,
MOOHY, muo>i<i, adj. 506. 311. Marshy, fenny.
MOOSE, moose, i. 306. A large American deer.
MOR
337
MOT
nor 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — tli'm 466 — THIS
MoRF.L, mA-r£l,' s. A plant; a kind of cherry.
MORELAND, moreilind, 4. A mountainous or hilly
country.
MOREOVER, mAre-oivur, adv. Beyond what has
been mentioned.
MoilIGEROUS, mA-rld-j£r-us, adj. Obedient, ob-
sequious.
MORION, mA-rti-un, s. 166. A helmet, armour
for the head, a casque.
MoiUSCO, ino-rls-ko, $. A dancer of the morris or
Xlie first part of the day, the
Moorish da'ice.
MORN, morn, s.
morning.
MORNING, mor-nlng, *. The first part of the day,
from the first appearance of light to the end of the first
fourth part of the sun's daily course.
MORNING-GOWN, inor-nlng-gouu,' *. A loose
gown worn before one is formally dressed.
MORNING-STAR, mor-ning-star,' s. The planet
Venus, when she shines in the morning.
MOROSE, mo-rise/ adj. 427. Sour of temper,
peevish, sullen.
MoilOSEI.Y, mA-rAse-1^, adv. Sourly, peevishly.
MoitOSENESS, mo-rAs?in£s, j. Sourness, peevish-
ness.
MoROSJTY, mA-rAs^s^-t^, *. Moroseness, sourness,
peevishness.
M-ORPKEW, inor-fu, s. A scurf on the face.
M.ORRIS-DANCE, mSr-rls-danse, s. A dance in
which bells are Jingled, or staves or swords clashed,
which was learned from the Moors; Nine Men's Mor-
ris, a kind of play, with nine holes in tl.e ground.
MORRIS-DANCER, moriris-dan-sur, s. One who
dances the Moorish dance.
MORROW, mAr-ro, s. 327. The day after the pre-
sent day ; to-morrow ; on the day after this current
.day.
MORSE, morse, s. A sea-horse.
MORSEL, mor-sll, s. 99. A piece fit for the mouth,
a mouthful ; a small quantity.
MoltSUHE, mor-ahuiv, s. 452. The act of biting.
MoRT, inort, s. A tune sounded at the death of the
game.
MORTAL, morital, adj. 88. Subject to death,
doomed some time to die; deadly, destructive, procur-
ing death ; human, belonging to man ; extreme, vio-
lent : in this sense a low expression.
MORTAL, mor-til, *. Man, human being.
MORTALITY, mor-tal-lt^-te, s. Subjection to death,
state of being subject to death ; death ; power of de-
struction ; frequency of death ; human nature.
MORTALLY, mori-tAW, adv. Irrecoverably, to
death ; extremely, to extremity.
MoilTAR, moritur, s. 88. 418. A strong vessel
in which materials are broken by being pounded with
a pestle ; a short wide cannon, out of which bombs are
thrown.
MoRTAR, mor-tur, s. Cement, made of lime and
sand with water, and used to join stones or bricks.
MORTGAGE, morigadje, s. 90. 472. A dead
pledge, a thing put into the hands of a creditor ; the
state of being pledged.
To MORTGAGE, mor^gadje, v. a. To pledge, to
put to pledge.
MORTGAGEE, mor-ga-jee,' s. He that takes or re-
eeives a mortgage.
MORTGAGER, tnor-ga-jur,' s. 98. He that gives a
mortgage.
MoRTIFEROUS, mor-tiPfSr-us, adj. Fatal, deadly,
destructive.
MORTIFICATION, mor-t^-te-ka-shfm, s. Thcstat.
of corrupting or losing the vital qualities, gangrene;
the act of subduing the body by hardships and macera-
tions; humiliation, subjection of the passions; vexa-
tion, trouble.
To MORTIFY, mor-t^-fl, v. a. To destroy vita)
qualities ; to destroy active jiowers, or essential qualj.
ties; 1C yiixlue inordinate passions; to macerate Oi
harass the body to compliance with the mind ; to hum-
ble, to depress, to vex.
To MORTIFY, mor-tti-fl, v. n. To gangrene, te
corrupt ; to be subdued, to die away.
MORTISE, mor-tls, 4. 240. 441. A hole cut into
wood that another piece may be put into it — See Ad-
vertisement.
To MORTISE, mor-tls, v. a. To cut with a mor-
tise, to join with a mortise.
, .
MORTMAIN, mort-mane, s. Such a state of pos-
session as makes it unalienable.
MORTUARY, mor-tshft-ar-r^, s. A gift left by a
man at his death to his parish-church, for the recom-
pense of his personal tithes and offerings not duly paid.
MOSAICK, rno-x.a-ik, adj- 509. Mosaick is a kind
of painting in small pebbles, cockles, and shells of sun-
dry colours.
MOSCHETTO, mos-k^-tA, 4. A kind of gnat ex-
ceedingly troublesome in some parts of tlr. West Indies.
MOSQUE, misk, s. A Mahometan temple.
Moss, mos, s. A plant.
To Moss, mos, v- a. To cover with moss.
MOSSINESS, mos-S(i-M&», s. The state of being cov-
ered or overgrown with moss.
MosSY, mos-se, adj. Overgrown with moss.
MOST, most., adj. The superlative of More. Con-
sisting of the greatest number, consisting of the great-
est quantity.
MOST, mAst, adv. The particle noting the superla-
tive degree ; as, the most incentive, in the greatest de-
gree.
MOST, most, S. The greatest number ; the greatest
value ; the greatest degree ; the greatest quantity.
MosTICK, m6s-tlk, s. A painter's staff.
MOSTLY, mAstil<i, adv. For the greatest part.
MOST WHAT, most-whit, adv. For the most part.
Not used.
MoTATION, mo-ta-shun, s. Act of moving.
MOTE, mite, s. A small particle of matter, any
thing proverbially little.
MOTE, mAte. For might. Obsolete.
MOTH, m&.'/j, *. 467. A small winged insect that
eats cloths and hangings.
MOTHER, m&TH-ur, *. 165. 469. A woman that
has born a child, correlative to son or daughter ; that
which has produced any thing ; that which has preced-
ed in time, as, a Mother church to chapels; hysterical
passion • a familiar term of address to an old woman ;
Mother-'in-law, a husband's or wife's mother ; a thick
substance concreting in liquors, the lees or scum con-
creted.
MOTHER, muTH^ur, adj. 165. Had at the birth,
native, as Mo'her wit.
To MOTHER, muTH-ur, v. n. To gather concretion.
MOTHER-OF-PEARL, muTHiur-or-p£rl, s. A kind
of coarse pearl, the shell in which pearls are generated.
MOTHERHOOD, muTH-ur-lmd, *. The office, state,
or character of a mother.
MOTHERLESS, muTii-ur-les, adj. Destitute of a
mother.
MOTHERLY, muTH-ur-It*. adj. Belonging to a
mother, suitable to a mother: adv. Like a mothet
MOTHERWORT, muTH-ur-WUI't, S. A plant
MOTHERY, muTHiur-e, adj. 557. Concreted, full
of concretions, dreggy, feculent: used of liquors.
MOTHMULLEIN, moi/i-mul-lln, s. A plant.
MOTHWORT, mo^-wurt, s. An herb.
MOTHY, mo//Ai, adj. Full of moths.
MOTION, mo-shun, *. The act of changing place ;
manner of moving the body, port, gait ; change of ]KW-
ture, action, tendency of the mind, thought, proposal
made ; impulse communicated.
MOTIONLESS, moi-shun-l^s, adj. Wanting motion,
being without motion.
MOTIVE, niA'tlv, adj. 157. Causing motion, hav-
ing movement; having the power to move; having
power to change place.
MOU
338
MOU
%5- 559. File 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m«* 93, m£t 95 — pine 1O5, pin 107 — nA 162, mfive 164,
MOTIVE, mostly, *. That which determine* the
choice, that which incites to action.
MOTLEY, n-6tM^, ailj. Mingled with various colours.
MOTOR, mA-tor, s. 1G6. A mover.
MoTOKY, mo^tur r^, ail). 512. Giving motion. —
For the last o, see Domatick.
MOTTO, inot-tA, 5. A sentence added to a device,
or prefixed to any thing written.
To MOVE, inoov, t>. a. 164. To put out of one
place into another, to put in motion ; to give an impulse
to; to propose, to recommend : to persuade, to prevail
on the mind : toaflVcl. to touch pathetically, to stir pas-
sion : to make angry ; to conduct regularly in motion.
To MOVE, M.OOV, ti. n. 65. To go from one place to
another ; to walk, to boar the body : to go forward.
MOVEABLE, m6ov£i-bl, adj. 405. Capable of be-
ing moved, not fixed, portable; changing (he lime of
the year.
Jf^-'lt maybe observed, that the mute e is preserved
In this word and its relatives because the preceding o has
not its general sound. — See Rhyming Dictionary, Ortho-
graphical Aphorism 10.
MOVKABI.ES, mA6v£A-blz, *. 405. Goods, furni-
ture, distinguished from real or immoveable possessions.
MOVEABI.ENESS, nioov-i-bl-n£s, s. Mobility, pos-
sibility to be moved.
MOVEABLY, mAAvii-ble, adv. So a* it may be
moved.
MOVELESS, moovM£s, adj. Unmoved, not to be
put out of the place.
MOVEMENT, moAvim^nt, s. Manner of moving ;
motion.
MOVEXT, ivo-v£nt, adj. Moving.
MOVER, nioA-vur, *. 98. The person or thing that
gives motion: something that move.-, ; a proposer.
MOVING, rr.Aoiving, part. adj. Pathetick, touch-
ing, adapted to affect the passions.
MOVINGLY, moo-ving-lt*, ado. Pathetically, so as
to seize the passions.
MOULD, mold, s. 318. A kind of concretion on the
top or outside of thing? kept motionless and damp;
earth, soil, ground in which any thing grows, matter
of whic**. any thing is made ; the matrice in which any
thing is cas't, in which any thing receives its form ;
cast, form.
Kj~ There is an incorrect pronunciation of this and si-
milar words, chiefly among the vulgar, which is, sounding
the word as if it were written mo oold. This sound is of-
ten heard among incorrect speakers, where there is no
diphthong, as in entd, bold, sold, dkc. pronounced eo-oold,
bo-uold, to-oold, tic. while the true pronunciation of these
words has nothing of the u or oo in it, but is exact! v like
fwfd, ioCd, cajofd, &c. the preterits of the verl)s to fnal,
to tole, and ii> cajole, &.C. For there is no middle sound
between owl m& hole; and the words in question must
either rhyme with howCd oifoaCd ; but the hut is clearly
lite true pronunciation.
This word, before Dr. Johnson wrote his Dictionary,
was frequently written moM.which was perfectly agreeable
to its Saxon derivation, and was less habie to mispronun-
ciation than the present spelling. The woni has three
significations: Mould, concretions occasioned bv decay;
from whence to mouUler, to waste away : nitmJd. or earth ;
that to which decay reduces bodies : a'nd ;i mmM, a form
to cast metals in. A diversity of pronunciation has en-
deavoured to distinguish the first of these so-ises from the
rest, by sounding it so as to rhyme with Inm-l'd; l.ut these
distinctions of sound under the same spelling ought to be
as much as possible avoided. For the reasons »ee Bawl.
To MOULD, mold, v. n. To contract concreted
matter, to gather mould.
To MOULD, rr.old, v. a. To cover with mould.
I'o MOULD, vnAld, v. a. To form, to shape, to mo-
del ; to knead, as, to mould bread.
MOULUABLE, mold-i-bl, adj. That may be mould-
ed.
MOULDER, rnoldifir, s. 98. He who moulds.
To MOULDER, n.61-dur, v. n. To be turned to
dust, to perish in dust.
To MOULDER, mAl-dur, v. a. To turn todutt.
MOULDINKSS, mAl-de-n£s, *. The state of being
mouldy.
MOULDING, molding, *. Ornamental cavities in
wood or stone.
Moui.DWARP, mold-warp, s. A mole, a small
animal that throws up the earth.
MOULDY, mol-d^, adj. Overgrown with concretion.
Ti> MOULT, molt, v. n. 318. To abed or chang«
the feathers, to lose the feathers.
To MOUNCH, munsh, v. a. 314. To eat. Ob-
solete.
MOUND. mAund, *. 313. Any thing raised to for-
tify or defend.
MOUNT, mount, s. 313. A mountain, a hill ; an
artificial hill raised in a garden, or other place; a part
of a fan.
To MOUNT, mount, v. n. To rise on high ; to
tower, to be built up to great elevation; to get on
horseback ; for Amount, to attain in value.
To MOUNT, mAunt, r. a. To raise aloft, to lift
on high; to ascend, to climb; to place on horseback;
to embellish with ornaments, as, [o mount a gun; to
put the parts of a fan together ; to mount guard, to do
duty ami natch at any particu lar post ; to mount a can-
non, to set a piece on its wooden frame, for the more
easy carriage and management in firing it.
MOUNTAIN, mofin-tln, s. 203. A large hill, a vast
protuberance (f the earth.
MOUNTAIN, moun-tln, adj. Found on the moun-
tains.
MOUNTAINEER, moun-tln-nWr,' s. An inhabitant
of the mountains ; a savage, a freebooter, a rustick .
MOUNTAINOUS, moun-tln-nus, udj. Hilly, fun
of mountains ; large as mountains, huge, bulky; in
habiting mountains.
MOUNTAINOUSNESS, mounitln-nus-n£s, s. State
of bring full of mountains.
MoUNTANT, nr.A&r.itant, adj. Rising on high.
MOUNTEBANK, n oun-'e bank, s. A doctor that
mounts a bench in the maikt-t, and boa ts his infa'i bte
remedies and cures : any boastful and lalse pretender.
To MOUNTEBANK, mouni-te bank, t;. a. To cheat
by false boasts and preteuees.
MOUNTER, n-ount-ur, s. 98. One that mounts.
MoUNTY, mounit^, s. The rise of a hawk.
To MOURN, morne, v. n. 318. To grieve, to be
sorrowful ; to wear the habit of sorrow ; to preserve
appearance of grief.
To MOURN, murne, V. a. To grieve for, to lament
to utter in a sonowful manner.
Moi/RNER, morn-frr, 5. 98. One that mourns, one
that grieves ; one who follows a funeral in black.
MOURNFUL, rrorn-ful, adj. Having the appear-
ance of sorrow; causing sorrow, sorrowful, feeling sor-
row, betokening sorrow, expressive of grief.
MOURNFULLY, ni6rn-ful-li, adv. Sorrowfully,
with sorrow.
MouRNFULNESS, m6rniful-n£s, s. Sorrow, grief;
show of grief, appearance of sorrow.
MOURNING, mArn-ing, s. Lamentation, sorrow;
the dress of sorrow.
MOURNINGLY, iudrnQng-14, adv. \Vith the ap.
nearance of sorrowing.
MOUSE, mouse, s. phir. Mice. The smallest of ;»
bea-ts, a little animal haunting houses and corn-fields
To MOUSE, mouze, u. n. 313. 437. To catcfc
mice.
MOUSE HOLE, moist-hole, s. Small hole.
MouSEH, n:ouz-ur, 4. 98. 437. One that hunt*
mice.
MouSKTAIL, moust-ifalo, s. An herb.
MOUSETRAP, mousetrap, $. A snare or gin M
which mice are taken.
MOUTH, mou//i, s. 467. The aperture in the head
of any animal at which the fi ml is received ; the o]-ei»
ing, that at which any thing enters, the entrance ; the
instrument of speaking ; a shaker, the principal ora-
tor, in burlesque language ; cry, voice ; distortion at
Uw mouth, wry face, down in the mouth,
MUG
339
MUL
167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
To MOUTH, mouTH, ». n. 467. To speak big, to
speak in a strong and loud voice, to vociferate.
To MOUTH, inouTH, v. a. To utter with a voice
affectedly big ; to chew, to eat ; to seize in the mouth ;
to form toy the mouth.
MOUTHED, mouTHd, adj. 359. Furnished with a
mouth.
MOUTH FRIEND, mou//j-fr4nd, s. One who pro-
fesses friendship without intending it.
MOUTHFUL, moiU/i-ful, S. What the mouth con-
tains at once ; any proverbially small quantity.
MeUTH-HONOL'R, mduM'&n-nfir, s. Civility out-
wardly expres-ed without sincerity.
MoUTHLESS, mofc/i-l£s, adj. Without a mouth.
Mow, mou, s. 323. "A loft or chamber where any
hay or corn is laid up.
To Mow, mo, v. a. 324. To cut with a scythe; to
cut down wilh speed and violence.
To Mow, inou, v. a. To put in a inow.
Mov/, mou, «. 323. Wry mouth, distorted face.
Obsolete.
To MOWBUUN, mou-burn, v. n. To fetment and
heat in the mow for want of being dry.
MOWER, mo-fir, s. 98. One who cuts with a scythe.
MoXA, mokisa, s. 92. An Indian moss, used in
the cure of the geut, by burning it on the part aggrieved.
MOYLE, m5il, s. 329. A mule, an animal generat-
ed between the horse and the ass. Not used.
MUCH, mulsh, atlj. 352. Large in quantity, long
in time, many in number.
MUCH, mutsh, adu. 352. In a great degree, by
far; often, or long; nearly.
MUCH, mutsh, i. A great deal, multitude in num-
ber, abundance in quantity ; more than enough, a hea-
vy service or burden; any assignable quantity or de-
gree ; an uncommon thing, something strange ; To make
much of, to treat with regard, to fondle.
MUCH AT ONE, mutsh-at-wun,' adv. Of equal
value, of equal influence.
MUCHWHAT, mutsh-whot, adv. Nearly. Little
used.
MuciD, mii-sld, adj. 'Slimy, musty.
MuciDNESS, mu-sld-n&, s. Sliminess, mustiness.
MUCILAGE, mu->.4 ludje, s. 90. A slimy or vis-
cous body, a body with 'moisture sufficient to hold it
together.
MUCILAGINOUS, mu-sWldijin-us, adj. Slimy,
viscous, soft wi.h some degree of tenacity.
MUCK, muk, s. Dung for manure of grounds ; any
thing low, mean, and filthy ; to run amuck, signifies to
run madly anil attack all that we meet.
To MUCK, infik, v. a. To manure with muck, to
dung.
MuCKlNDER, mukiln-dur, t. A handkerchief.
Not used except in the Provinces.
MuCKHILL, muk-hil, s. 406. A dunghill.
MucKINESS, intik-kt*-n£s,' s. Nastiness, filth.
MuCKLE, muk'kl, adj. 403. Much. Obsolete.
MUCKSWEAT, muk-S\v3t, S. Pr>fuse sweat.
MUCKWORM, muk-wurm, s. A worm that lives
in dung ; a miser, a curmudgeon.
MUCKY, m&kiki, adj. Nasty, filthy.
MUCOUS, mu-kus, adj. 314. Slimy, viscous.
MUCOUSNESS, niu-kus-n^s, s. Slime, viscosity.
MucuLENT, mu-ku-l3nt, adj. Viscous, slimy.
he vowel u, in the first syllable of this and simi-
lar words, forms a rcmarkahle exception to the shorten-
ing power of the antepenultimate and secondary accent;
any other vowel but u, unless followed by a diphthong,
would have been short. This arises from no regard to
Hit- Latin quantity in the word MuciUentus, for the u in
ctiiiiutty and mutilate, &c- is long in English, though
short in the Latin culin'trliu, mutUo, &c. So that the
Jong i» in this and similar words is an idiom, of our own
pronunciation. 308. 511. •'•";0.
Mucus, mu-kfis, $. Th e viscous substance discharg-
ed at the DOM; ajiy viscous matter
MUD, mud, *. The slime at the bottom of still wa-
ter ; earth well moistened with water.
To MUD, mud, v. a. To bury in the slime or mud ;
to make turbid, to pollute with dirt.
MuDDILY, mud-de-le, adv. Tuibidly, with foul
mixture.
MuDDlNESS, mud-d£ n£s, s. Turbidness, foulne*t
caused by mud, dregs, or sediment.
To MUDDLE, muc&ll, v. a. 405. To make turbid,
to foul ; to make half drunk, to cloud or stupify.
MUDDY, mfuiidi, adj. Turbid, foul with mud;
impure, dark ; cloudy, dull.
To MUDDY, mud-di*, v. a. To make muddy ; to
cloud, to disturb.
MuDSUCKKR, mftd-suk-kur, s. A sea fowl.
MuDWALL, m&d-wall, s. A wall built without
mortar.
MuiWALLED, mud-walld, adj. 339. Having a
mud wall.
7\) MuE, mu, v. n. To moult, to change feathers.
MUFF, mflf, 5. A soft cover for the hands in winter.
To MUFFLE, muf'-fl, v. a. <i05- To cover from the
weather; to blindfold ; to conceal, to involve.
MUFFLER, muf-fl-ur, s. A cover for the face; a
part of a woman's dress by which the face is covered.
MUFTI, muf-t4, s. The high priest of the Maho-
metans.
MUG, mug, s. A cup to drink out of.
383. Moist, damp.
MUGGY, mftg-ge,
MUGGISH, mfig-gish,
j£Jr- It is highly probable that this word is a corrup-
tion of murky, which Johnston and other writers explain
by dark, cloudy, &c. but Skinner tells us it is used in
Lincolnshire to signify darkness, accompanied by heat;
and as this temperament of the weather is commonly ac-
companied by moisture, the word is generally used to sig
nify a dark, close, warm, and moist state of the air. At
this word is not very legitimately derived, it is seldom
heard a'i ong the learned and polite ; but as it affords ua
a new complex idea, and is in much use among the mid-
dle ranks of life, it seems not unworthy of being adopted.
MUGHOUSE, mug-house, s. An alehouse, a low
house of entertainment.
MUGIENT, mu-je-£nt, adj. Bellowing.
MULATTO, mu-lAt-to, s One got between a white
and a black.
MULBERRY, mulib^r-re, s. Tree and fruit.
MULCT, mulkt, s. A line, a penalty; a pecuniary
penalty,
To MULCT, mulkt, v. a. To punish with fine or
forfeiture.
MULE, mule, s. An animal generated between a he
ass and a mare, or between a horse and a she ass.
MULETEER, mi'i-lOt-t^er,' s. Mule driver, horse
boy.
MULIEBRITY, mu-14-£!>-bn*-te, s. Womanhood,
the correspondent to virility.
MULISH, inu-lish, adj. Having the nature of a
mnk1, obstinate.
To MULL, mull, v. a. To soften, as wine when
burnt and sweetened; to heat any liquor, and sweeten
and spice it.
Mui.LAR, mftl-lur, s. 88. A stone held in the
hand with which any powder is ground upon a horizon-
tal stone.
MULLEIN, mul-lln, s. A plant.
MULLET, mul-Ht, 5. 99. A sea fish.
MULLIGRUBS, mtM-le-grubz, s. Twisting of the
guts. A low word.
Mui.SE, mulse, s. Wine boiled and mingled with
honey.
MULTANGULAR, mult-Ang-gi'i-lar, adj. Many-
cornered, having many corners, polygonal.
MULTANGULARI.Y, mult-aiig-gu .lir-lt*, adv.
With many c.>rnc s.
MULTANGULAKNKSS, infill ing'gu-liLr-n^s, 3.
State of being polygonal.
MUM 340 MUR
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 31— mi 93, m4t 95— pine 105, pin 107^-nA 162,.<iive 164.
MULTICAPSULAR, nifil-t^-kapishu-lar, adj. 452.
Divided into many partition* or cells.
MULTIFARIOUS, m6l-t^-fa-r^-us, adj. Having
great multiplicity, having different respects.
MULTIFARIOUSLY, niui-tiMa-r^-us-l£, adv. With
multiplicity.
MULTIFAKIOUSNESS, mul-ti-fa-re-US-n&i, $. Mul-
tiplied diversity.
MULTIFORM, intlitt*-f6rm, a(tj. Having various
shai>es or appearances.
MULTIFORMITY, mul-t£-f5riin£-t£, *. Diversity
of shapes or appearances subsisting in the same thing.
V
of shapes or appearances subsisting in the same thing.
MULTILATERAL, mul-te-lai-ter-al, adj Havin
many sides.
Mui.TILOQUOUS, mul-tll-lo-kwus, a'lj. 518. Very
talkative.
MuLTlNOMlNAL, mul-t£-nomim4-nal, adj. Hav-
ing many names.
MULTIPAROUS, rn&l-tlp-pa-rus, adj. 518. Bring-
ing many at a birth.
MULTIPEDE, muK-td-pSd, S. An insect with many
feet. — See Millepedes.
MULTIPLE, mul-t£-pl, *. 405. A term in arithmetick,
when one number contains another several times ; as,
nine is the multiple of three, containing it three limes.
MULTIPLIABI.E, mulit£-pll-a-bl, adj. Capable of
being multiplied.
MULTIPLIABLENESS, mul-t£-pH-a-bl-n£s, *. Ca-
pacity of being multiplied.
MULTIPLICABLE, mul-te-pl£-ka-bl, adj. Enable
of being arithmetically multiplied.
MULTIPLICAND, mu]-t^-plt*-k4nd,' s. The number
to be multiplied in arithmetiek.
MuLTIPLICATE, m&l-tlp^plti-kate, adj. 91. Con-
sisting of more than one.
MULTIPLICATION, mul-t£-pl£-kiishun, S. The
act of multiplying or increasing any number by addi-
tion or production of more of the same kind ; in arith-
metick, the increasing of any one number by another,
»o often as there are units in that number by which the
one is increased.
MULTIPLICATOR, mul-t^-ple'-kaitur, *. 166. The
number by which another uumber is multiplied.
MULTIPLICITY, mul-t£-plis^-t£, $. Wore than
one of the same kind ; state of being many.
MULTIPLICIOUS, m&l-t£-pllshius, adj. Manifold.
MULTIPLIER, muUti-pll-ur, *. 98. One who mul-
tiplies or increases the number of any thing ; the mul-
liplicator in arithmetick.
To MULTIPLY, m&l-t^-pll, v. a. To increase in
number; to make more by generation, accumulation,
or addition ; to perform the process of arithmetical mul-
tiplication.
To MULTIPLY, m&li-t^-pH, v. H. To grow in num-
ber : to increase themselves.
Mui-TiroTENT, mul-tlpip6-t£nt, adj. Having
manifold power.
MuLTlPRESENCE, mul-te-pr£zi4nse, s. Tbe power
or act of being present in more places than one at the
same time. — See Omnipresence.
MULTISILIQUOUS, m&l-ti-s|lMe-k\v&s, adj. The
same with comiculate: used of plants whose seed is
contained in many distinct seed-vessels.
MULTITUDE, mulifcUtude, 3. 463. Many, more
than one; a great number, loosely and indefinitely j a
crowd or throng, the vulgar.
MULTITUDINOUS, rnul-t^-tuid£-nus, adj. Having
the appearance of a multitude ; manifold.
MULTIVAGANT, mu'.-tlviva-gant, >
MULTIVAGOUS, m&l-tlvivA-gus, \ a<V' Tbat
wanders or strays much abroad.
MULTIVIOUS, mul-tlviv£-us, adj. Having many
ways, manifold.
MULTOCULAR, mult-6k£ku-lar, adj. Having more
ryes than two.
Mu>l, mum, interject. A word denoting prohibi-
tion to speak; tiktice, hush.
MUM, mum, s. Ale brewed with wheat.
To MUMBLE, mumibl. v. n. 405. To speak in.
wardly, to grumble, to mutter; to speak indistinctly;
to chew, to bite softly.
TO MUMBLE, miim-bl, v. a. To utter with a low
inarticulate voice, to mouth gently ; to slubber over,
to suppress, to utter imperfectly.
MuMBLER, mum-bl-Cir, i. 98. One that speaks
inarticulately, a mutterer.
MUMBLINGLY, nium-bl-ing-1^, ado. With inar-
ticnla'e utterance.
To MUMM, inum, v. a. To mask, to frolick in ilis-
guise. Obsolete.
MUMMER, miimimur, s. 98. A masker, cue who
performs frolicks in a personated dress.
Mu.MMERY, mumimur-rii, s. 557. Making, fro-
liek in masks, foolery.
MUMMY, nifim-m^, J. A dead Ixxiy preserved by
the Egyptian art of embalming; Mummy is used a-
mong gardeners for a sort of wax used in the plant ng
and grafting of trees.
To MUMP, mump, v. a. To nibble, to bite quick,
to chew with a continued motion ; to talk low and
quick ; in cant language, to go a begging.
MUMPER, mump-ur, s. 98. A beggar.
MUMPS, mumps, s. Sullenness, silent anger ; a
disease.
To MUNCH, munsh, t;. a. 352. To chew by great
mouthfuls.
MuNCHER, mSnsh-Qr, *. 98. One that munches.
MUNDANE, m&n^dane, s. Belonging to the world.
MUNDATION, miivda-sliun, *. The act of cleans-
ing.
MUNDATORY, rnuni(ta-iir-r^, adj. Having tht
power to cleanse. — For the <>, see Doinrtticl; 512
MUNDICK, ni&n-dik, s. A kind of marcasite found
in tin mines.
MuNb.'FiCATiON, mun-d^-fi-ka-shun, *. The act
of cleansing.
MuNDlFICATIVE, niun - dlf '- (& . ki - tly, ndj.
Cleansing, having the power to cleanse.— See Jutt[ft-
cative.
To MUNDIFY, munide-fl, v. a. 1 85. To cleanse,
to make clean.
MUNDIVAGANT, mun-dlviva-gant, adj. 518.
Wandering through the world.
MUNDUNGUS, mun-dung-gtis, 5. Stinking tobacco.
MUNERARY, muind ra-r«J, adj. 512. Having the
nature of a gift
MUNGREL, mSngigril, s. 99. Any thing generat.Hl
between different kinds, any thing partaking of the
qualities of different causes or parents.
MUNGREL, mnngigrll, adj. Generated betveen
different natures, bascborn, degenerate.
MUNICIPAL, mu-nls-s^-pal, adj. Belonging to a
corporation.
MUNICIPALITY, mu-n^-se-paW-t^, s. The people
of a district, in the division of Republican France.
MUNIFICENCE, mu-nit-fe-seiise, s. Liberality, th«
act of giving.
MUNIFICENT, mu-nlfif4-s£nt, adj. Liberal, gt-
nerous.
MUNIFICENTLY, mft-nlf-f^-sent-te, adv. Liberal-
ly, generously.
MUNIMENT, muin^-m£nt, *. Fortification, strong
hold; supjiort, defence.
To MUNITE, mft-nlte,' v. a. To fortify, to strength-
en. A word not in use.
MUNITION, mu-nlsh-un, s. Fortification, strong
hold ; ammunition, materials for war.
MuNNION, mun-yun, s. 113. Munnions are the
upright posts that divide (he lights in a window-frame.
MURAGE, mu-rldje, s. 90. Money paid to keep
walls in repair.
MURAL, mu'ral, adj. 177. Pertaining to a wall.
MURDER, muridur, *. 98. The act of killing •
Jiuji uiilawi'ully.
MUS
341
MUT
167, n&t 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — Mn 466 — THis 469.
To MURDER, mur-clur, »>. a. To kill a man un-
lawfully ; to destroy, to put an end to.
MURDERER, mur£dur-ur, s. 557. One who has
shed -human blood unlawfully.
MuRDKRKSS, mur-dur-es, s. A woman that com-
mits murder.
MuRDKRMENT, m&riilur-m3nt, s. The act of kil-
ling unlawfully.
MURDEROUS, mur-dur-us, adj. 555. Bloody, guilty
of murder.
MURE, mure, s. A wall. Not used.
MURENGER, mu-r£n-jur, s. 177. An overseer of
a wall.
J(^- This word is often improperly pronounced with
the u short, as if written .tTurrenger.
MURIATICK, m&-r£-at-tik, adj. Partaking of the
taste or nature of brine.
MURK, murk, *. Darkness, want of light
MURKY, mfrr-k£, adj. Dark, cloudy, wanting light.
—See Muggy.
MURMUR, murim&r, s.
A low continued buzzing
A kind of
noise; a complaint half suppressed.
To MURMUR, murimur, v. »». To give a low buz-
zing sound; to grumble, to utter secret discontent.
MURMURER, muriniur-rur, s. 98. One who re-
pines, a grumbler, a rcpiner,
MURRAIN, mur-rln, s. 208. The plague in cattle,
MURREY, mfirire, adj. 270. Darkly red.
MuRRION, murird-un, *. 1 13. A helmet, a casque.
MUSCADEL, mus-kS. d£l, 7
MUSCADINE, musiki-dine, 149. \ *'
sweet grape, sweet wine, and sweet pear.
MUSCAT, mus^kut, s. A delicious grape having the
flavour of musk ; a kind of sweet pear.
MUSCLE, musCsl, $. 351. 405. The fleshy fibrous
part of an animal body, the immediate instrument of
motion; a bivalve shell fish.
MuscosiTY, m&s-ki>sis4-t£, s. Mossiness.
MUSCULAR, mus^ku-lir, adj. 88. Performed by
muscles.
MUSCULARITY, mus-ku-lirir^-t£, s. The state of
having muscles.
MUSCULOUS, musiku-l&s, adj. 314. Full of mus-
cles, brawny ; pertaining to a muscle.
MUSE, rriiize, s. One of the nine sister goddesses,
who, in the heathen mythology, are supposed to pre-
side over (he lib^-al arts.
MUSE, muze, *. Deep thought, close attention, ab-
sence of mind; the power of poetry.
To Mc'SE, muze, v- n. To ponder, to study in si-
lence ; to be absent of mind ; to wonder, to be amazed.
MusEFUL, muze-lul, adj. Deep-thinking, full of
thought.
MUSER, mu-zur, *.
to be absent of mind.
98. One who muses, one apt
MUSEUM, mu-z<^uin, *. A repository of learned cu-
riosities.— See Pygmean.
MUSHROOM, mOshiriWm, $. Mushrooms are, by cu-
rious naturalists, esteemed perfect plants, though thttir
flowers and seeds have not as yet been discovered ; au
upstart, a wretch risen from the dunghil.
MusHROOMSTONE, mushir66m-stine, *. A kind
of fossil.
MusiCK, muizlk, *. 40O. The science of harmo-
nical sounds ; instrumental or vocal harmony.
MUSICAL, niu-ze-kul, adj. Harmonious, melodious,
sweet sounding ; belonging to musick.
MUSICALLY, muizi-kAl-li, adv. Harmoniously,
with sweet sound.
MUSICALNESS, mu-z<*-kll-n<*s, * Harmony.
MUSICIAN, mu-zlshi&n, j. 357. One skilled in
harmony, one who performs upon instruments of mu-
sick.
MUSK, musk, s. A very powerful perfume : it it
procured from a kind of Indian goat.
MUSK, musk, s. Grape hyacinth, or grape-flower.
MusKAPPLE, musk-Jp-pl, *. 405. A kind of apple.
MuSKCAT, musk-kit, s. The animal from which
musk is got.
MUSKCHERRY, musk£tsh£r-r4, s. A sort of cherry.
MUSKET, musiklt, *. 99. A soldier's hand-gun ;
a male hawk of a small kind.
MUSKETEER, mus-k£-t££r/ *. A soldier whose wea-
pon is his musket.
MuSKETOON, mus-k<*-to6n,' *. A blunderbuss, a
short gun of a large bore.
MUSKINESS, musik£-n3s. s. The scent of musk.
MUSKMELON, muskime'l-lun, s. A fragrant melon.
MUSKPEAR, muskipare, s. A fragrant pear.
MUSKROSE, musk-rise, s. A rose so called from
its fragrance.
MUSKY, musMc£, adj. Fragrant, sweet of scent.
MUSLIN, muz-Hn, s. A fine stuff made of cotton.
MUSS, mus, s. A scramble. Obsolete.
From this, perhaps, comes the vulgar word to
Smusk.
MUSSITATION, mus-sd-ta-sh&n, S. Murmur, grum-
ble.
MUSSULMAN, mus-s&l-piSn, $. 88. A Mahometan
believer.
MUST, must, verb imperfect- To be obliged. It
is only used before a verb. Must is of all persons and
tenses, and used of persons and things.
MUST, must, s. New wine, new wort.— -See Lamb't-
V'Olll.
To MUST, m&st, v. a. To mould, to make mouldy.
To MUST, m&st, v. n. To grow mouldy.
MUSTACHES, m&s-sta-shiz, s. 99. Whiskers, hair
on the upper lip.
MUSTARD, m&siturd, s. 88. A plant.
To MUSTER, musit&r, v. n. 98. To assemble in
order to form an army,
To MUSTER, mus^tur, v. a. To review forces ; to
bring together.
MUSTER, musit&r, j. A review of a body of forces;
a register of forces mustered; a collection, as, a Mus-
ter of peacocks ; To pass muster, to be allowed.
MuSTERBOOK, m&situr-bS6k, s. A book in which
the forces are registered.
MUSTERMASTF.R, mus-turrml-st&r, ». One who
superintendsthe muster to prevent frauds.
MusTER-ROLL, tnusitur-r^le, s. A register of for-
ces.
MUSTILY, mus£td-l£, adv. Mouldily,
MUSTINESS, mus£t£-n£s, *. Mould, damp, foulness.
MUSTY, rnusit^, adj. Mouldy, spoiled with damp,
moist and fetid ; stale ; vapid ; dull, heavy.
MUTABILITY, mn-tA
inconstancy, change of mind.
s. Changeableness ;
MUTABLE, mt-ti-bl, adj. 405. Subject to change ;
alterable; inconstant, unsettled.
MUTABLENESS, mu-ti-bl-U^S, *. Charigeablencss,
uncertainty.
MUTATION, m6 ta-sh&n, *. Change, alteration.
MUTE, mute, adj. Silent, not vocal, not having the
use of voice.
MUTE, mute, *. One that has no power of epeech ;
a letter which can make no sound.
To MlTTE, milU', v. n. To dung as birds.
MUTELY,
e'te, adv. Silently, not vocallr.
To MUTILATE, mu-td-late, v. a. To deprive of
some essential part.
MUTILATION, m&-t£.laishun, ». Deprivatton of «
limb, or any essential part.
MuTINE, mu^tln, s. 14O. A mutineer. Not used.
MUTINEER, mu-dn-n&r/ s. A mover of sedition.
MUTINOUS, mu^tln-nus, adj. 314. Seditious, Iju-y
in insurrection, turbulent.
MUTINOUSLY, n&'tln-nfis-U, adv. Seditiously,
turbulcntly _-.
MYS
342
NAM
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m£ 93, mSt 95— pme 105, pin 107 — 116 162, move
MtTlNOUSXESS, m&Uln-n6s.n£s, ,t. Sedithnrsness-,
turbulence.
Tit MUTINY, n»6it«*-n£, p. n. To rise against au^
thoritv, to make insurrection.
MUTINY, mh-Ui-n£, *; Insurrection, sedition.
To MUTTER, m&t-t&r, v. n. 98. To grumble, to
murmur.
T>> MUTTER, m&tit&r, v. a. To otter with imper-
fect articulation.
MUTTER, m&t-t&r, *. Murmur, obscure utterance.
Not used.
MuTTERER, m&t-tir-5r, s. 555. Grumbler, mur-
murer.
MUTTERINGLY, mfit-tfir-lng-le, adv. With a low
voice; indistinctly.
MUTTON, m&t-tn, r; 170. The flesh of sheep
dressed for food ; a sheep, now only in ludicrous lan-
guage.
Jt^" The o In this and similar terminal ions is under the
same predicament as e. — See Principles, No. 10.1. 170.
MUTTONFIST, m&t-tu-fist, s. A Kind' large and
red.
MUTUAL, mi-tshil-al, adj. 463 Reciprocal, each
acting in return or correspondence to the other.
MUTUALLY, mh-tshi-il-W, ado. Reciprocally, in
return.
MUTUALITY, m6-tsh6-aUliJ-t£, S. Reciprocation.
MUZZLE, m&z-zl, s. 4O5. The mouth of any thing;
a fastening for the mouth which hinders to bite.
To MUZZLE, m&z-zl, v. n. To bring the mouth
near. Not used.
To MUZZLE, m&zizl; v. a. To bind the mouth ;
to fondle with the mouth close. A low sense.
MY, ml, or m£, pron. possessive. Belonging to me.
f^- Tnere '*• Puzzlin8 diversity to foreigners in the
pronunciation of this word, and sometimes to natives,
when they read,- which ought to be explained. It is cer-
tain that the pronoun my, when it is contradistinguished
from any other possessive pronoun, and consequently em-
phatical, is always pronounced with its full, open sound,
rhyming vnthfly; but when there is no such emphasis, it
falls exactly into the sound of me, the oblique case of 7.
Thus, if I were to say, Sfy pen is as bad as my paper, I
should necessarily pronounce my like me, as in this sen-
tence pen and pa'per are the emphatical words ; but if I
were to say, My pen ft worse than yours, here my is in
opposition to yours, ami must, as it is emphatical, be pro-
nounced so as"to rhyme with Kigfi, nigh, &.c.
MYNCHEN, mln-tsh£n, 5. A nun.
MYOGRAPHY, ml-&g%ra-fij, s. 116. 187. 518.
A description of the muscles.
MYOLOGY, ml-51-l4-j4, *. 116. 187.f The descrip-
tion and doctrine of the muscles.
MYOPES, mUi-piz, s. Short-sighted person.
!£/- Singular Myops. From this word comes the Eng-
lisnverb. to mope, and the substantive a mope.
MVOPY, mUo-p£, 5. Shortness of sight.
MYRIAD, mlr-r£-ad, ». The number of ten thou-
sand : proverbially, any great number.
$5" It ma.y not> perhaps, be unworthy of observation,
that y, in this and the following words, is under the same
predicament as t; if followed by r and a vowel, it is short
t ; if by r and a consonant, it become* short e, which is
the cause of the difference in the first syllable of myriad,
and myrmidon. See Principles, No. 1 08, 109.
MYUMIDO.V, mir-m^-diin, s. 166. Any rude ruf-
fian, so named from the soldiers of Achilles.
MYROBALAN, m£-rJ>b-a-lan, or mUr6b-a-lin, j.
187. A kind of dried fruit resembling dates.
MYROPOLIST, mi-r^p-pi-list, or ml-ropiA-Hst,
*. 187. 518. One who sells unguents.
MYRRH, m£r, *. 108,109. A precious kind of gUm.
MYRRHINE, m£ririn, adj. 140. Belonging to myrrh ;
made of the royrrhine stone.
MYRTIFORM, m^r-t^-form, 3. Having the shape of
a myrtle.
MYRTLE, mSritl, *. 108, 109. 405 A fragrant
tree.
MYSELF, mi s51f,' t. An emphatical word added to
I ; a», t myself do it ; that is, not By proxy ; not ano*
thcr.
MYSTAGOGUE, rnls£ti-g&g, *. 338. One who in-
terprets divine mysteries; also one who keeps church
relicks, and shows them to strangers.
MVsTERIARCK, mls-f^-r^-irk, s. One presiding-
over mysteries.
MYSTERIOUS, mls-t'£-r£-&s, attj. Inaccessible to the'
understanding, awfully ol«cure; artfully per))Iexe(l-
MYSTERIOUSLY, ml9it^r^-&s-l^, ode. In a mari-
ner above understanding; obscurely, enigmatically.
MYSTERIOUS.VESS, mis-teire u&-n&-, t. Holy ob-
scurity ; artful difficulty or perplexity.
To MYSTERIZE, mls^-rlze, v. a. To explain a*
enigmas.
MYSTERY, mlsit&-r£, ». Something above human-'
intelligence, something awfully obscure; an enigma^
any thing artfully made difficult; a trade, a calling.
MYSTICAL, mls-t^-k3I; £8.
MYSTICK, mls^tik,
scure ; involving some secret meaning, emblematical ;
obscure, secret.
MYSTICALLY, mis^t^-kM-1^, adv. In a manner,
or by an act, implying some secret meaning.
MYSTICALNESS, m!s-t£-kiU-n£s, *. Involution of
some secret meaning.
MYTHOLOGICAL, mi*A-d-l&dyi-kSl, adj. Relat-
ing to the explication of fabulous history
MYTHOLOGICALLY, m'i//i-6-}&dij£-kil-l<i, adv.
187- In a manner suitable to the system of fables.
MYTHOLOGIST, m^-<//51i6-jlst, s. 187. A reiator
or expositor of the ancient fables of the heathens.
To MYTHOLOGIZF, md-rt&l-lo-jlze, v. n. To re^
late or explain the fabulous history of the heathens.
MYTHOLOGY, mi-/A6l-16-ji, j. 187. 518. System
of fables.
N.
To
NAB, nab, v. a. To catch unexpectedly. A
low word.
NADIR, naWfir, *. 418. The point under foot di-
rectly oppposite to the zrnith.
NAG> nig, J. A small horse ; a horse, in familiar
language.
NAIADES, nayil-d£z, s. The Latin plural of
NAIAD, naj--3d, *. A water-nymph. The English
plural of which is Naiads.
NATL, n&le, s. 2O2. The homy substance at the"
ends of the fingers anrl-t'ies; the talons of birds and
beasts ; a spike of rtetal by which things are fastened
together ; a stud, a boss ; a kind of measure, two inches
ami a quarter ; on the Nail, readily, immediately, with-
out delay.
To NAIL, nale, v. a. To fasten with nail? ; to stud
with nails.
NAILER, na'l&r, s. 98. A nail-maker.
NAKED, naMdd, adj. 99. Wanting clothe?, unco-
vered; unarmed, defenceless; plain, evident; mere,
simple.
NAKEDLY, na-kid-1^, adn. Without covering;
simply, merely; evidently.
NAKEDNESS, na-kid-nfes, s. Nudity, want of cover-
ing ; want of provision for defence ; plainness, evidence.
NAME, name, s. The discriminative appellation of
an individual ; the term by which any species is distin-
guished ; person ; reputation, character ; renown ; power
delegated ; an opprobfious appellation.
NAMELESS; name^s, adj. Not distinguished by
any discriminative appellation ; one of which the name
is not known ; not famous.
NAMELY, nameiW, adv. Particularly, specially.
NAMER, na-mt'ir, s. 98. One who calls any by name.
NAMESAKE, namesake, S. One that has the sam*
name with anoiher.
NAT
343
NAV
nor 167, n5t 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
NAP, nAp, s. Slumber, a short sleep ; down, villous
substance.
To NAP, nap, v. n. To sleep, to be drowsy or re-
cure.
NAPE, nape, s. The joint of the neck behind.
NAPHTHA, nap^/ia, s. 92. A kind of bitumen —
See Opht/ialmy.
HAPPINESS, nap-p^-n<?S, S. The quality of having
a nap.
NAPKIN, nip-kin, i. A cloth used at table to wipe
the hands; a handkerchief.
NAPLESS, nap'Ks, adj. Wanting nap, thread-bare.
NAPPY, nap-p^, adj. Frothy, spumy.
NARCISSUS, nar-sls-sus, s. 81. A daffodil.
NARCOTICK, nar-kot-tlk, adj. 509. Producing
torpor or stupefaction.
NARD, nard, *. Spikenard ; an odorous shrub.
NARE, nare, s. A nostril. Not in use.
NARRABLE, nar^ra-bl, adj. 81.405. Capable to
be tohl.
To NARRATE, narirate, v. a. 91. To relate, to
tell.
j£5» Dr. Johnson says this word is only used in Scot-
land ; but as it is regularly derived from the Latin nar-
ro. and has a specific meaning to distinguish it from every
other word, it ought to be considered as a necessary part
of the language. To tell, seems to imply communication
in the most general sense : as, to tell a itory, to tell a se-
cret, &c. To relate, is to tell at some length, and in some
order, as, to relate the particulars of a transaction : but
to narrate, seems to relate a transaction in order from be-
ginnii rg to end ; which often becomes insipid and tiresome.
Hence the beauty of Pope's — narrative old age :
" The poor, the rich, the valiant, and the sage,
" And boasting youth, and narrative old age.**
NARRATION, nar-ra-sh&n, s. Account, relation,
history.
NARRATIVE. nar£ra-tlv. adj. 512. Relating, giv-
ing an account ; story-telling, apt to relate things past.
NARRATIVE, narira-tlv, s. A relation, an account.
NARRATIVELY, narira-tlv-l£, adv. By way of
latioi).
NARRATOR, liar-ra^tur, s. 1 66. A teller, a relater.
To NARRIFY, nar-n*-fl, v. a. To relate, to give
account of.
NARROW, nar^ro, adj. 327. Not broad or wide;
small; avaritious; contracted, ungenerous ; close, vi-
gilant, attentive.
To NARROW, narir6, v. a. To diminish with re-
spect to breadth ; to contract ; to confine, to limit
NARROWLY, nar-ro-lti, adv. With little breadth ;
contracted! y, without extent; closely, vigilantly; near-
ly, within a little; aViriciouslyJ sparingly.
NARROWNESS, nar-ro-n^s, s. Want of breadth ;
want of comprehension ; confined state ; poverty ;
want of capacity.
NASAL, na-zAl, adj. 88. Belonging to the nose.
NASTY, n3s-t£, adj. 79. Dirty, filthy, sordid, nau-
seous; obscene.
NASTILY, uasit^-le, adv. Dirtily, filthily, nauseous-
ly ; obscenely, grossly.
NASTINESS, nisit£-n£s, s. Dirt, filth ; obscenity^
grossness of ideas.
NATAL, na-tal, adj. 88. Native, relating to nativity.
NATATION, ni ta-sl.fin, s. The act of swimming.
NATHLESS, ni//j-l£s, adv. Nevertheless. Obsolete.
" Nathless he so endured."— Par. Lott.
NATHMORE, n«U//-m6re, adv. Never the more.
Ob>olete.
NATION, na-shun, s. A people distinguished from
another people.
NATIONAL, nashi&n-al, adj. 88. 535. Publick,
general ; Digoted to one's own country.
NATIONALLY, nash-un-al-1^, adv. With regard
to the nation.
NATIONALNESS, nabhiun-al-n£s, *. Reference to
the people in general.
NATIVE, naitiv, adj. Produced by nature, not arti-
ficial ; natural, such as is according to nature ; con-
ferred by birth ; pertaining to the time or placi; of birth ;
original.
NATIVE, na-tlv, s. 157. One born in any place,
original inhabitant ; offspring.
NAT1VENESS, na-tiv-n<Js, s. State of being produc-
ed by nature.
NATIVITY, na-tlviv^-t^, s. Birth, issue into life ;
state or place of being produced.
NATURAL, nat-tshu-ral, adj. 461. Produced or
effected by nature; illegitimate; bestowed by nature;
not forced, not far-fetched, dictated by nature ; tender,
affectionate by nature; unaffecKd, according to truth
and reality ; opposed to violent, as, a natural death.
NATURAL, natUshu-ral, s. An idiot, a fool;
native, original inhabitant ; gift of nature, quality.
NATURALIST, nat-tshh-ral-ist, 4. A student in
physicks.
NATURALIZATION, nat-tshiWAl-e'-zaisiifin, s.
The act of investing aliens with the privileges of native
subjects.
To NATURALIZE, natitshu-ral ize, v. a. To
invest with the privileges of native subjects ; to mako
easy like things natural.
NATURALLY, nat-tshu-riU-]£, adv. According to
unassisted nature ; without affectation ; spontaneously.
NATURALNESS, nlt-tshu ral-nes, s. The state of
being given or produced by nature ; conformity to truth
and reality ; not affectation.
NATURE, na'tshure, s. 293. An imaginary be-
ing supposed to preside over the material and animal
world; the native state or properties of any thing ; the
constitution of an animated body ; disposition of mind ;
the regular course of things; the compass of natural
existence; natural affection, or reverence; the state or
operation of the material world ; sort, species.
JtJ" There is a vulgar pronunciation of this word as if
written na-ter, which cannot be too carefully avoided.
Some critics have contended, that it ought to be pio-
nounced as if written nate-yure ; but this pronunciation
comes so near to that here adopted, as scarcely to be dis-
tinguishable from it. T before y, which is the letter long
u begins with, 8, approaches so near to tfi, as, in the ab-
sence of accent, naturally to fall into it, in the same man-
ner as s becomes zh in leisure, pleasure, &.C. The sibila-
tion and aspiration of t in this and similar words, provid-
ed they are not too coarsely pronounced, are so far from
being a deformity in our language, by increasing the
number of hissing sounds, as some have insinuated, that
they are a real beauty ; and, by a certain coalescence and
flow of sound, contribute greatly to the smoothness and
volubility of pronunciation. See Principles, No. 4J9,
460, 461, <fcc.
NAVAL, na-val, adj. Consisting of ships ; belong-
ing to ships.
NAVE, nave, s. The middle pait of the wheel in
which the axle moves ; the middle part of the church,
distinct from the aisles or wings.
NAVEL, na-vl, s. 102. The point in the middle of
the belly, by which embryos communicate with the pa-
rent ; the middle ; the interior part.
NAVELGALL, na'vl-gSll, s. Navelgall is a bruise
on the top of the chine of the back ; behind the saddle,
right against the navel.
NAVELWORT, na-vl-w&rt, s. An herb.
NAUGHT, nawt, adj. 213. 393. Bad, coriupt,
worthless.
NAUGHT, nawt, s. Nothing. This is commonly,
though improperly, written Nought.
NAUGHTILY, naw-t£-l^, adv. Wickedly, corruptly.
NAUGHTINESS, na\v-te-n£s, s. Wickedness, badness.
NAUGHTY, nawU4, adj. Bad, wicked, corrupt
NAVIGABLE, naviv£-ga-bl, adj. Capable of be-
ing passed by ships or ooats.
NAVIGABLENESS, nav-v^-ga-bl-n£s, s. Capacity
to be passed in vessels.
To NAVIGATE, i,aviv£-gate, v. n. To sail, to pan
by water.
NEC 314 NEG
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 8 I—mi 93, mil 95— pine 105, pin 1O7— nA 162, :v..W 164,
To NAVIGATE, niv-ve-gate, v. a. To pass by
ships or boats.
NAVIGATION, nSv-ve-pa-sh&n, *. The act or
practice of passing bv water : vessels of navigation.
NAVIGATOR, nav-ve-iia tiir, s. .521. Sailor, seaman.
NAUMACHY, nawi-ma-ke, s. 353. A mnck sea-fight.
Ti> NAUSEATE, naw-shii Ate. »>. n. 450. 542. To
grow squeamish, to turn away with disgust.
To NAUSEATE, naw-she-ate, v. a. To loathe, to
reject with disgust ; to strike with disgust.
NAUSEOUS, nawishus, adj. 450. Loathsome, dis-
gustful.
NAUSEOUSLY, na\vishus-le, adv. Loathsomely,
disgustfully.
NAUSEOUSNESS, nawish?is-nes, *. Loathsome-
ness, ijup.lity of raising disgust.
NAUTICAL, nawite-kal, 7 arif- Pertaining to
NAUTICK, navv'tlk, 2! 3. 3 sailors.
NAUTILUS, uaw-te l&s, *. A shell-fish furnished
with something analogous to oars and a sail.
NAVY, na-ve, s. An assembly of ships, a fleet.
NAY, na, adv. No, an adverb of negation ; not
only BO, but more.
NAYWORD, na-w&rrl, *. The saying nay ; a pro-
verbial reproach, a by-word.
NE. ne, adv. Neither, and not. Obsolete.
NEAF, nefe, *. 227. A fist. Obsolete.
To NEAL, nele, v. a. 227. To temper by a gra-
dual and regular heat.
NEAP, nepe, adj. 227. Low, decrescent. Used
only of the tide.
NEAR, nere, prep. 227. At no great distance from,
close to, nigh
NEAR, nere, adv. Almost ; at hand, not far off.
UEAR, nere, adj. Not distant, advanced towards
the end of an enterprise or disquisition ; close; inti
mate; affecting, dear; parsimonious.
NEARLY, nereile, idi>. At no great dUtance; close-
ly : in a niggardly manner.
NEARNESS, nen.-n£s, t. Closeness: alliance o
blood or affection ; tendency to avarice.
NEAT, nete, s. 227. J31ack cattle, oxen ; a cow or ox
NEAT, net-.', adj. Elegant, but without dignity
cleanly : pure, unadulterated.
NEATHERD, neti'-herd, s. A cow-keeper, one who
has the care of black cattle.
1 EAT1.Y, netc-le, adj. Elegantly, but without dig
n ty ; sprucely ; cleanlily.
NEATNESS, aeteines, *. Spruceness, elegance with
out dignity ; cleanliness.
NEB. neb, », Nose, beak, mouth. Retained in th
north. In Scotland, the bill of a bird.
NEBULA, neb'bu la, *. 92. It is applied to ap-
pearances like a cloud in the human body, as to film
upon the eyes.
NEBULOUS, uel/bi-l&s. adj. Mist>, cloudy.
NECESSARIES, nesises s£r-rlz, s. 99. Things no
only convenient but needful.
NECESSARILY, nes^ses-ser-re le, adv. Indispensa
bly ; by inevitable consequence.
NFCESSARINESS. nes-ses-bei-re-n5s, *. The stat
of being necessary.
NECESSARY, nes^sis s£r-re, adj. Needful, indis
pensably req' isite ; not free, impelled by fate ; conclu
sive, decisivt by inevitable consequence.
To NECESSII ITE, ne-ses^se-tatt, v. a. To mak
iHx-issary, nol to leave free.
NF.CESSITATION, ne-ses-se-ta-shun, *. The act c
making necessary, fatal compulsion.
NECESSITATED, ne-ses^se ta ted, adj. In a sta
of want.
NECESSITOUS, ne-ses'se-t&s, adj. Pressed with pt>
verty.
NECLSSITOUSNESS, ne-s<5iise- tus-nfs, s. Povert
warn mfd.
^ECESSITUDE,
s-s^ t6de, *. Want, need.
NECESSITY, ne-ses^se te. s. Compulsion, f.ttality ;
JndUpensablcness : want, need, poverty; thiiips neces-
sary for human life; cogency of argument, inevitable
consequence.
ECK, nek, K The part between the head and body ;
a long narrow part: on the neck, immediately after,
to break the neck of an affair, to hinder any thing be-
ing done, or to do mo^e than half.
iBCKBF.EF, nek-beef, !>. The coarse flesh of the
neck of cattle.
NECKCLOTH, nek-kl^/j, s. That which men wear
on the neck.
^ECKLACE, nek-lase, i. An ornamental string oi
beads, or precious stones, worn by women on the necK.
^ECROMANCER, nek-kro-man-sur, s. An en-
chanter, a co jurer: one who by charms can converse
with the ghosts of the dead.
NECROMANCY, nek-kro-rnan-se, *. 5I9. The
art of revealing future events, by communication with
the dead; enchantment, conjuration.
'ECTAR, nOk-tCir, s. 88. The supposed drink of
the heathen gods.
*JECTARKD, nekitOrd, adj 88- Tinned with nectar.
NECTAUEOUS, nek-ta-re-Qs, adj. Resembling
nectar, sweet as nectar.
NECTARINE, nek-ter-rln, adj. 15O. Sweet a*
nectar.
NECTARINE, nikitir-ln, *. 1 50. A fruit of the
plum kind. This fruit differs from a peach in having
a smooth rind and the flesh firmer.
SEED, need, s. 246. Exigency, pressing difficulty,
necessity ; want, distressful poverty ; lack of any tiling
for use.
To NEED, need, r. a. To want, to lack.
To NEED, need, v. u. To be wanted, to be necea-
sary, to have necessity of any thing.
NEEDKR, neetliCir, j. 98 One that wants any thing
u, need-ill!, aiij. Necessary, indispensably
NEEDFULLY, neid-f&l le, adv. Necessarily.
NEEDFULNESS, need-(ul-iies, s. Necessity.
(, need-d^-Ie, tido. In poverty, poorly.
NEEDINESS, need^de-nes, *. Want, poverty.
NEEDLE, necM), s. 405. A small instrument
pointed at one end to pierce cloth, and perforated at
the other to rec. ive the thread ; the small steel bar
which in the mariner's compass stands regularly north
and south.
NEEDLEFISH, neeidl-flsh, s. A kind of sea-fish.
NEEDLE-FULL, n&'dl-ffil, *. AS much thread a*
is generally put at one time in the needle.
NEKDI.KMAKER, neeidl-nia-kur, s. He who make*
needles.
NEEDLEWORK, neiMl-wurk, s. The business <.f a
seamstress; embroidery by the needle.
NEEDLESSLY, need-li>s-le, ailv. Unnecessarily,
without need.
NEEDLESSNF.SS, need-les-n£s, *. Unnecesseriness
NEEDLESS, tieed-les, adj. Unnecessary, not requi-
site.
NEEDMENT, neediment, *. Something necessary.
Oljsolcte.
NEEDS; needz, ailv. Necessarily, by compulsion,
indispensably.
NEEDY, nee-de, adj. Poor, necessitous.
nare, ado. 97. 247.
tion for Xeivr.
A poetical contrac-
To NEESE, neezi1, v. n. To sneeze. Obsolete.
NF.F, nef, s. The body of a church.
NEFARIOUS, ne-t'aire-us, adj. Wicked, abominaUe.
NEGATION, ne-ga-^liun, s. Denial, the contrary
to afiirmation : description by negative.
NEGATIVE, lieg-gA-tlv, adj. 157. Denying, con-
trary to affirmative ; implying only the absence of
something ; having the power to w
to
nly the
ithhold,
though not
NEP
345
NEW
>r 167, n&t 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 611 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
tl3
NEGATIVE, n<*g-<;u-tiv, s A proposition by which
something is denied ; a particle of denial, as, Not.
NEGATIVELY, n^g-ga-tlv-le, adv. With denial,
in the form of denial, not allirmatively ; in form of
speech, implying the absence of something.
To NEGLECT, n^-l^kt,' v. a. To omit by careless-
ness; to treat with scornful heedlessness; to postpone.
NEGLECT, n£g Ifikt,' .?. Instance of inattention ;
careless treatment; negligence, frequency of neglect;
state of being unregarded.
NEGLECTER, n3g-16kt-tur, s. 98. One who ne-
glects.
NEGLECTFUL, n£g-l£kt-ful, a<{). Heedless, care-
less, inattentive; treating with indifference.
NEGLECTION, n^g-lCk-sliun, 4. The state of be-
ing negligent.
NEGLECTFULLY, n£g-l£kt-ful 1£, adv. With
heedless inattention.
NEGLECTIVE, i;£g-l£k£tlv, adj. 512. Inattentive
to, or regardless of.
NEGLIGENCE, n£g-l<*-j£nse, *. Habit of omitting
by hecillessness, or of acting carelessly.
NEGLIGENT, n^g-le-jfiiit, udj. Careless, heedless,
habitually inattentive.
NEGLIGENTLY, nig-W-Jint-re, adv. Carelessly,
heedlessly, without exactness.
To NEGOTIATE, ii4-g<!»-she-ate, u. n. 5 1 2. To
have intercourse of business, to trarlick, to treat.
NEGOTIATION, n<*.g6-sh<--a-sh.un, s. Treaty of
business.
NEGOTIATOR, n£-go-sh^-a-tur, s. 521. One em-
p'oyed to treat with others.
NEGOTIATING, ne-go-she a-tlng, a((j. 41O. Em-
ployed in negotiation.
NEGRO, ne-gro, s. A blackmoor.
J£y- Some speakers, but those of the very lowest order,
pronounce this word as if written nc-gur.
To NEIGH, na, t;. «. 249. To utter the voice of a
horse.
NEJGH, na, s. The voice of a horse.
NEIGHBOUR, na-bfir, s. 249. One who lives near
to another: one who lives in familiarity with another;
«ny thing next or near; intimate, confident; in divini-
ty, one partaking of the same nature, and therefore en-
titled to good offices.
.
Jrt» For what 1 apprehend to be the genuine sound of
the diphthong in the first .syllable of this word, see Klglit.
To NEIGHBOUR, na-bur, v. a. 249. To adjoin to,
to confine on. Little u?ed.
NEIGHBOUP.HOOU, na-bur-lmd, s. Place adjoin-
ing; state of being near each other; those that live
within reach of easy communication.
NEIGHBOURLY, na-bur-le, adj. 249. Becoming a
neighbour, kind, civil.
NEIGHBOURLY, na-bur li, adv. With social civi-
lity.
NEITHER, ne-THur, con/. 252. Not either. A
particle used in the first branch of a negative sentence,
and answered by Nor; as, Fight Neither with small
Nor great. It is sometimes the second branch of a ne-
gative or prohibition to any sentence; as, Ye shall not
cat of it, Neither shall ye touch it.
NEITHER, ne-THur, pron. 98. Not either, not
one nor other.
Ni:opH\TE, ne-6-fite, s. 156. One regenerated, a
convert.
Nr.OTFRICK, ne-A-terirlk, adj. 509. Modern, no-
Tel, late.
NEPENTHE, n^-pdn^/^, .s. A drug that drives away
all pains.
NEPENTHE, n£-p£n'//i6, 7
NEPENTHES, ne-p^/^z, 5 *• A dr"8 whlch
drives away pain ; a powerful anodyne ; a medicine to
assuage grief. In botany, the name of a plant.
NEPHEW, nCv-vu, s. The son of a brother or sister.
NEPHRITICK, ne-frlt-tlk, or/;. 509. Belonging to
the organs of urine ; troubled with the stone ; good a-
gainst the slxiuc.
NEPOTISM, n<*pi4-tlzm, t. 503. Fondness fot
nephews.
Jj^» 1 have differed from all our orthoepists in the pro-
nunciation of this word, by making the first syllable short ;
not because this e is short in the Latin Nepi.*, but because
the antepenultimate accent of our own language, when
not followed by a diphthong, naturally shortens the vowel
it falls upon. 533.
NERVE, n£rv, j. The nerves are the organs of
sensation, passing from the brain to all parts of the bo-
dy ; it is used by the poets for sinew or tendon.
NERVELESS, n£rvM&s, adj. Without strength.
NERVOUS, n£i-vfis, adj. 314. Well strung,
strong, vigorous; relating to the nerves; having weak
or diseased nerves.
NERVY, n£r-ve, udj. Strong, vigorous.
NESCIENCE, n£sh-^-£nse, s. 510. Ignorance, the
state of not knowing.
NEST, n£st, s. The bed formed by the bird for incu-
bation ; any place where insects are produced ; an abode,
place of residence, in contempt ; boxes of drawers, tittle
conveniences.
To NEST, nfist, v. n. To build nests.
NESTEGG, n£st-£g, s. An egg left in the nest to
keep the hen from forsaking it.
" Uke nttt-enfft lo ir.ake clienli lay." Hudibrai.
To NESTLE, n£s'sl, v. n. 472. To settle; to li«
close and snug.
To NESTLE, n&>'sl, v. a. 359. To house, as in a
nest; to cherij-h, as a bird her young.
NESTLING, n&t-ling, s. A bird taken out of the
nest.
NET, n£t, s. A texture woven with large interstices
or meshes.
NETHER, n^TH-ur, «$. 98. Lower, not upper ;
being in a lower place; infernal, belonging to the re-
gions belo'v.
NETHERMOST, n£TH-ur-mAst, s. Lowest.
NETTLE, n<k-tl, s. 405. A stinging herb well known.
To NETTLE, ndt-tl, v. a. To sting, to irritate.
NETWORK, n£tiwQrk, s. Any thing resembling the
work of a net.
NEVER, n^vi&r, adv. 98. At no time ; in no de-
gree. It is much used in composition ; as, Never-end-
ing, having no end.
NEVERTHELESS, n
standing that.
l£s,' adv. Notwith-
.
NEUROLOGY, nu-r51-lAj4, s. 518. A descrip-
tion of the nerves.
NEUROTOMY. nu-r5t-tA-m£, s. 518. The anato-
my of the nerves.
NEUTER, nu-t&r, adj. 98. 264. Indifferent, not
engaged on either side; in grammar, a noun that im-
plies no sex.
NEUTER, nu-tfir, s. One indifferent and unengaged.
NEUTRAL, nu-tril, adj. Indifferent, not eng.iged
on either side; neither good nor bad ; neither acid nor
alkaline.
NEUTRAL, nfj-tral, s. One who does not act nor
engage on either side.
NEUTRALITY, nu-tral-£-t£, 5. A state of indiffer-
ence, of neither friendship nor hostility ; a state be-
twe->n good and evil.
NEUTRALLY, nu-tral-1^, adv. Indifferently.
NEW, nu, tuij. 265. Fresh ; modern ; having (he
effect of novelty ; not habituated ; renovated, re| airid
so as to recover the first state; fresh after any thing j
not of ancient extraction.
NEW, nu, adv. This is used in coin|*>sition fof Newly.
NEWFANGLED, nu-fang-gld, udj. 405. 359.
Formed with vain or foolish love of novelty.
NEWFANGLEDNESS, nu-f'ang'gld-n£s, s . Vain
ami foolish love of novelty.
NEWEL, nu-il, s. 99. The compass round which tin
staircase is carried.
NEWLY, nu-li, adv. Freshly, lately.
NIG
559. File 73, fir 77, till 83, Hit SI-
346 MM
-mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — n& 162, mSve 164,
NEWNESS,
being new,
l. Freshness, novelty, state of
NEWS, niize, s. Fresh account of any thing; papers
which give an account of the transactions of the present
times.
NEWSMONGER, n6zcim&ng-g6r, ». One whose
employment is to he.ir and to tell news.
NEWT, niite, .«. 'Eft, small lizard.
NEW-YEAR'S-GIFT, n6-y^rz-gift, «. Present made
on the first day of the year.
NEXT, ncikst, adj. Nearest in place; nearest in
any gradation.
NEXT, n£kst, adv. At the time or turn immediate-
ly succeeding.
NlB, nib, *. The bill or beak of a bird ; the point
of a pen.
NlBBED, nlbbd, adj. 359. Having a nib.
To NIBBLE, nlbU>l, v. a. 405. To bite by little at
a time, to eat slowly ; to bite as a fish does the bait.
To NIBBLE, rrfbMjil, v. n. To bite at ; to carp at,
to find fault with.
NlBBLER, nlb-bl-&r, a. 93. One that bites by lit-
tle at a time.
NlCE, nlse, adj. Accurate in judgment to minute
exactness. It is often used to express a culpable delica-
cy. Scrupulously and minutely cautious; easily in-
jured, delicate ; formed with minute exactness ; refined.
NlCELY, nlseM£, adv. Accurately, minutely, scru-
pulously; delicately.
NlCENESS, nlse-n&i?, *. Accuracy, minute exact-
ness ; superfluous delicacy, or exactness.
NlCETY, nl-s^-t^, s. Minute accuracy ; accurate
performance; minute observation; subtilty ; delicate
management, cautious treatment ; effeminate softness;
Niceties, in the plural, dainties or delicacies in eating.
JC^> In this word of our own composition from nice,
we have unaccountably run into the pronunciation of the
mute e. This word we always hear pronounced in three
syllables, though safety, ninety, and surety, are ever
heard in two. This is a proof how much mere simili-
tude of sound often operates in fixing pronunciation : the
preceded by e or i in
where these vowels
termination ty, being almost always ]
words of Latin or French formation,
form a distinct syllable, as variety, gayety, anxiety, socie-
ty, &c. Words of mere English formation that approach
to them are thus carried into the same pronunciation by
bare likeness of sound only.
NlCHE, nitsh, s. 352. A hollow in which a statue
may be placed.
NlCK, nlk, $. Exact point of time at which there is
necessity or convenience ; a notch cut in any thing ;
a score, a reckoning ; a winning throw.
To NlCK, nlk, v. a. To hit, to touch luckily, to per.
form by some slight artifice ; to cut in nicks or notches ;
to suit, as, tallies cut in nicks ; to defeat or cozen.
NICKNAME, nlk^name, s.
or comempt.
A name given in scoff
NlGH, nl, prep. 390. At no great distance from.
NlGH, nl, adv. Not at a great distance ; to a plac«
near.
NlGH, nl, adj. Near, not distant ; allied closely by
blood. Not used now, the adjective Near being subsa
tuted its place.
NlGHLY, ni-14, adv. Nearly, within a little.
NlGHNESS, ni-nfc, * Nearness, proximity.
NlGHT, nite, *. 391. The time of darkness ; th«
time from sun-set to sun-rise.
NlGHTBRAWLER, nitiihrawl-fir, t. One who raises
disturbances in the night.
NIGHTCAP, nlteikap, s. A cap worn in bed, or in
undress.
NlGHTCROW, nlteikri, s. A bird that cries in the
night.
NlGHTDEW, nite'dfr, * Dew that wets the ground
in the night.
NlGHTDOG, nitfc^dog, s. A dog that hunts in the
night
NIGHTDRESS, nitc^dres, s. The dress worn at nighl.
NlGHTED, nlte^ed, cdj. Darkened, clouded, black.
NIGHTFARING, iiite^fa-ring, adj. Travelling in the
night.
NlGHTFIRE, nltcifjre, *. Ignis fatuus ; will-a-wisp.
NlGHTFLY, nite-rll, s. Moth that flies in the night.
NIGHTFOUNDEKKD, tihe-foflij-ii&rd, s. Lost or
distressed in the night.
NIGHTGOWN, nlu-go&n, s. A loose gown used tot
an undress.
XlGHTHAG, nltt-l.Ag, t. Witch supposed to wan.
der in the night.
NIGHTINGALE, nlte-ln-gale, s. A small bird that
sings in the night with remarkable melody, Philomel ;
a word of endearment.
NIGHTLY, nltt^, adv. By night, erery night.
NIGHTLY, nitt-M, adj. Done by night, acting by
night.
NIGHTMAN, nlte^nan, s. 88. One who carries a-
way ordure in the night.
NIGHTMARE, nlte-niare, s. A morbid oppression
in the night, resembling the pressure of weight upon
the breast.
NlGHTPIECE, nlteipWse, *. A picture so coloured
as to be supposed seen by candlelight.
NlGHTRATL, filter-rale, s. A loose cover thrown o-
vcr the dress at nii'ht.
NlGHTRAVEN, nke-ra'vn, *. 103. A bird sup-
posed of ill omen, tlia; cries aloud in the night.
NlGHTRULE, mtu-rule, s. A tumult in the night.
Not used.
NIGHTSHADE, nhi>sha<?e, *. A plant of two kinds,
common anil deadly nightshade.
NlGHTSHINING, niu-slu-ning, adj. Snowing bright-
ness in the night.
NlGHTWAI.K, niti--wak, s. Walk in the night.
To NICKNAME, nlkiname, v. a. To call by an op-
probrious appellation.
NlDE, nide, s. A brood, as, a Nide of pheasants.
NlDIFICATION, nld.<U<J-kaishun, s. The act of j NlGHTWALKER, ' mteiw'ak-&r, s. One who roves in
building nests. . the night upon ill de
NiDULATlON, nld-ji-la^shfin, s. 293. The time
of remaining in the nest.
NlKCE, neese, *. The daughter of a brother or sistef.
NIGGARD, nlgig&rd, *. 88. A miser, a curmud-
geon.
NIGGARD, nlg-g&rd, adj. Sordid, avaricious, par-
simoniouf.
To NIGGARD, nlg-gfird, v. a. To stint.
NIGGARDISH, nig'g&rd-Ish, adj. Having some
disposition to avarice.
NIGGARDLINESS, nlg-g&rd-l4-n£s, s. Avarice, sor-
did parsimony.
NIGGARDLY, nlg-gurd-li, adj. Avaricious, sordid-
ly parsimonious.
SIGGARDNESS, nlgig&rd-n£s, *.
parsimony.
A,varice, sordid
NlGHTWARBLING, lllte-" Sibling, adj. Singing
in the night.
NlGUTWARD, nittiward, adj. -S8. Approachrrg
towards night.
NlGHTWATCH, niti'iwotsh, S. A period of the night
as distinguished by change of the watch.
NIGRESCENT, ni-gres-s£nt, adj. ISO. 510. Gro«^
ing black.
NIGRIKICATION. nlg-r^-fe-kaibh&n, s. 130. Th«
act of making black.
To NlLL, nil, #. a. Not to will, to refuse. Obsolete.
To NlM, nlm, v. a. To steal. A low word.
NlMBLE, nlm-bl, adj. 405. Quick, active, ready;
speedy, lively, expeditious.
NlMBLENESS, nim-bl-n£s, i. Quickness, activity;
speed.
NOB 347 NOW
nor 167, n5t 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — t/i'm 466— THIS 469.
NJMBLEWITTED, nlmibl-wlt-ted, adj. Quick, ea-
ger to speak.
NlMBI.Y, nTm-bM, adv. Quickly, speedily, actively.
NlMMER, nlmitnur, s. 98. A thief, a pilferer. A
low word.
NINCOMPOOP, nlng-kum-poop, 5. A fool, a trifler.
A low word.
NINE, nine, s. One more than eight.
NINEFOLD, nfiu-fofd, adj. Nine times.
NlNEPINS, nhieiploz, s. A play where nine pieces
of wood are set up on the ground to be thrown down
by a bow] — See Logouts.
NlNESCORE, nint-i-skore, adj. Nine times twenty.
NINETEEN, nmeit£<*n, adj. Nine and ten.
NINETEENTH, nine-tt*eni/j, adj. The ordinal of
nineteen, the ninth after the tenth.
NINETY, nine-te, adj. Nine times ten.— See Nicety.
NlNTII, nin//i, adj. Next in order to the eighth.
NINETIETH, nhie-t£-fa/f, adj. 279. 99. The tenth
nine times told.
NlNNY, nin-n£, *. A fool, a simpleton.
NlNNYHAMMER, nIn-u<*-hiiiTi-rtiUT, i. A simpleton.
To NlP, nip, v. a. To pinch off with the nails, to
bite with the teeth, to cut off by any slight means; to
blast, to destroy before full growth ; to pinch as frost ;
to vex, to bite ; to taunt sarcastically.
NlP, nip, S. A pinch with the nails or teeth ; a
small cut ; a blast ; a taunt, a sarcasm.
NlPPER, nip-pur, s. 98. A satirist. Not in use.
NIPPERS, nip-purz, s. Small pincers.
NlPPINGLY, nlp-plng-l£, adv. With bitter sarcasm.
NrPPLE, rflpipl, s. 405. The teat, the dug ; the
orifice at which any animal liquor it separated.
NIPPLEWORT, n5p£pl-\vurt, s.
weed.
A very common
NlSI-PRIUS, nl-s^-pri-us, S. in law, a judicial writ.
NTT, nit, s. The egg of a louse.
NlTENCY, ni-t£n-s£, s. Lustre, clear brightness ;
endeavour, spring. Not in use.
NlTlD, nit-tid, adj. 544. Bright, shining, lustrous.
NlTRE, nl-tur, s. 416. Saltpetre.
NlfKOGEN, nl-tro-jdn, *. The quality of generat-
ing nitre.--See Oxygen.
NITROUS, nr^trus, «d/. 314. Impregnated with nitre.
NlTRY, ni-trt*, adj. Nitrous.
NlTTY, nlt-te, adj. Abounding with the eggs of lice.
NlVEOUS, nlvie-us, adj. 314. Snowy.
NlZY, ni-7.e, s. A dunce, a simpleton.
Ko, no, adv. The word of refusal, the word of de-
nial. It sometimes strengthens a following negative:
No, not, not even.
No", no, adj. Not any, none ; No one, none, hot
any one.
To NbElLITATE, no-bil-l£-tate, v. a. To make
noble.
NOBILITY,
i. Antiquity of family
joined with splendour; rank or dignity of several de-
grees, conferred by sovereigns; the persons of high
rank, dignity, grandeur, greatness.
NOBLE, n&bl, atlj. 405. Of an ancient and splen.
did family ; exalted to a rank above commonalty ;
great", worthy, illustrious; exalted, elevated, sublime;
magnifirent, stately ; free, generous, liberal ; principal,
capital ; as, The heart is one of the Noble parts.
NOBLE, no-bl, 5 One of high rank; a coin rated
at six shillings and eight-pence.
NOBLEMAN, nA-bl-mAn, s. 88. One who is enno-
bled.
NOBLENESS, no-bl-nls, S. Greatness, worth, dig-
nity, magnanimity; splendour of descent.
NOBLESS, no-bles,' 5. Nobility ; dignity, greatness ;
noblemen collectively.
NOBLY, no-ble, adr. Of ancient and splendid ex-
traction; greatly, illustriously; grandly, splendidly.
NOBODY, no-bod-£, s. No one, not any one.
NOCENT, no^-s<, adj. Guilty, crimir/al { hurtful,
mischievous.
NOCK, n6k, $. A slit, a nick, a notch ; the fomta-
ment. Not in use.
NOCTIDIAL, n&k-ddiyW. or nok-tTd-j<*-Al, adj.
294. 576. Comprising a night and a day.
NoCTIFtROUS, nok-tif-ftir-us, adj. 518. Bring-
ing night.
NoCTJVAGANT, nok-tlv-va-gi\nt, adj. Wander-
ing in the night.
NOCTL'ARY, nok-tshu a-ri, *. 461. An account
of what passes by night.
NOCTURN, n&k'tfirn, s. An office of devotion per-
formed in the nipht.
NOCTURNAL, nok-t?ir-nA!, adj. 88. Nightly.
NOCTURNAL, nok-tur£nal, s. An instrument by
which observations are made in the night.
To NOD, nSd, v. a. To decline the head with »
quick motion ; to pay a slight bow ; to bend downwards
with quick motion ; to be drowsy.
Now, nod, i. A quick declination of the head ; a
quick declination ; the motion of the head in drowsiness.;
a slight obeisance.
NoDATION, nA-da-sh&n, s. The act of making
knots.
NoDDER, nSd-duf, s. 98. One who nods.
NODDLE, nod-(U, s. 405. A Iiead, in contempt.
NODDY, nod-d£, s. A simpleton, an idlou
n&de, .<. A knot, a knob ; a swelling on the
bone ; an intersection, as used in Astronomy.
NODOSITY, no-dis-s£-t£, s. Complication, knot.
NoDOUS, iio-dus, adj. 314. Knotty, full of knots.
NoDULE, n5d-jule, s. 293. 461. A small lump.
NOGGIN, n&g-gin, s. 382. A small mug.
NOIANCE, uoe-unse, «. 88. Mischief, inconveni-
ence. Not used.
NoiOUS, no^-us, adj. 314. Hurtful, mischievous,
[>, ot used.
NOISE, noeze, s. 299- Any kind of sound ; outcry,
clamour, boasting or importunate talk ; occasion of talk.
To NoiSE, noeze, v. a. To spread by rumour, or
report.
NoisEFUL, no^ze-ful, ad}. Loud, clamorous.
NOISELESS, nS^ze-l^s, adj. Silent, without sound.
NoiSEMAKER, noeze-ma-kur, s. Clamourer.
NOISINESS, noe-ze-nes, s. Loudness of sound.
NoiSOiME, nod-sum, adj. 166. Noxious, mischie-
vous, unwholesome; offensive, disgns'ing.
NoiSOMELY, nS^-sfim-li, adv. With a fetid stench,
with an infectious steam.
NoiSOMENESS, noe-sum-n£g, i. Aptness to dis-
gust, offensiveness.
NOISY, no<^-z£, adj. 438. Sounding loud ; clamo-
rous, turbulent.
Noi.L, nole, s. 406. A head, a noddle. Not used.
NOLITION, no-lisli-Utl, s. Unwillingness.
NoMBLES, num-blz, s. 359. The entrails of a deer.
5^- This word may be added to the Catalogue, Prin-
ciples, No. 165.
NOMENCLATOR, n5m-£n-klaitur, s. One who call*
things or persons by their proper names.
NOMENCLATURE, n6m-£n-kla£tshure, s. 461. The
act of naming ; a vocabulary, a dictionary.
NOMINAL, nAm-m^-nil, adj. 88. Referring to
names rather than to things.
NOMINALLY, n&m-m^-n&l-le, adv. By name, ti-
tulary.
To NOMINATE, nom-md-nate, i>. a. To name, to
mention by name ; to entitle ; to set down, to appoint
by name.
NOMINATION, n5m-me-naish&n, s. The ait of
mentioning by name; the power of appointing.
NOMINATIVE, nom-md-na-tlv, s. The ease vn
NOO
348
NOT
^- 559 Fate 73, fir 77, fill1 33, fit 81 — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 164
Grammar that primarily designates the name of any j NOONTIDE, noontide, s. Mid-day.
ord, in the hurry of school pronunciation, I NOONTIDE, n66r.-tide, adj. Meridional.
is aUays heard in three syllables, as if written Xomnn- \ NOOSE, noose, -'. 437. A running knot, which the
tire; and tins pronunciation has so generally prevailed,
that making the word consist of four syllables would be
(till' and pedantic. — See Clef.
NONAGE, non-aclje, s. Minority, time of life before
legal maturitv
NONCE, n5nse, s.
Purpose, intent, resign. Obsolete.
ft^» This word is still used in familiar conversation,
•n ([should not be entirely discarded. Junius and Skin-
ner ditler widely in the derivation of this word ; but the
latter, with his usual discernment, inclines to resolve
it into t.nce : and it is in this sense that it seems now to be
generally used.
NONCONFORMITY, non-koii-forim^-ti, s. Refusal
of compliance; refusal to join in the established religion.
NONCONFORMIST, n&n-kon-fiJriinlst, *. One who
refuses to join in the established worship.
NONE, nun, s. 165. Not one; not any.
NONENTITY, n&n-£n-t£-t£, «. Non-existence; a
thini' not existing.
NONEXISTENCE, non-£g-z1sitense, s. Inexist-
ence, state of not existing.
NONJURING, non-jil-ring, adj. 410. Belonging
to those who will not swear allegiance to the Hanove-
rian family.
NONJUROR, n&nijii rfrr, *. 166. One who conceiv-
ing James II. unjustly deposed, refuses to swear allegi-
ance to those who have succeeded him.
NONNATURALS, n&n-nat^tshu-ralz, s. Any thing
which is not naturally, but by accident or abuse, the
cause of disease. Physicians reckon these to be six,
viz. Air, diet, sleep, exercise, exureiion, and the pas-
sions.
NONPAREIL, non-pa- r£!/ *. Excellence unequalled ;
a kind of apple ; printers' letter of a small size, on which
small Bibles ami Common Prayers are primed.
NONPLUS, n&n-plus, s. Puzzle, inability to say or
do more.
To NONPLUS, non-plus, v. a. To confound, to
puzzle.
NONRESIDENCE, niti-r3z-^-d§nse, s. Failure of
resilience
NONRESIDENT, n6n-r£z-e-d3nt, 5. One who ne-
glects to live at the proper place.
NON RESISTANCE, noii-n* zis-tanse, *. The prin-
ciple of not opposing the king, ready obedience to a su-
perior.
NONSENSE, nonis^nse, s. Unmeaning or ungram-
matical language; trifles, things of no importance.
NONSENSICAL, non-s£n-se-kal, adj. Unmeaning,
foolish.
NONSENSICALNESS, noil-S&lisi-kal-liSs, S. Ab-
surdity.
NONSOLVENT, n&n-s&l-v£ut, s. One who cannot
pay his debts.
NON-SOLUTION, nonsA-luishun, *. Failure of so-
lution.
N'ONSPARING, non-spa-ling, adj. Merciless, all-
destroying. Not in use.
Tt> NONSUIT, non-ute, v. a. 342. To deprive of
the benefit of a legal process for some failure in the
management.
NOODLE, nfio-dl, s. 405. A fool, a simpleton.
NOOK, n66k, j. 3O6. A corner.
NOON, noon, *. 306. The middle hour of the day.
It is used metaphorically for midnight in poetry.
" Til night, rtr.Hi night ; and weary Nature lies
" So fast a> if »he never were to rise.
" l«an wolves forget to howl at nighfi pale noon,
" No waking dogk lurk at the silent moon,
" Nor !>aj the ghost* that glide with horror by,
* To Tiew the cavern* where their bodies lie.
Let',
NOONDAY, noonida, *. Mid day.
NOONDAY, noun-da, adj. Meridional.
NOONING, nooning, s. Repose at noon. A cant
word.
t is ilrawn binds the closer.
To NOOSK, nooze, v. a. 437. To tie in a noose.
NOPE, nope, s. A kind of bird called a bull-finch or
red tail.
NOR, nor, conj. 64. A particle marking the second
or subsequent branch of a negative proposition. Nor
is sometimes used in the first branch for neither; as, 1
Nor love myself, Nor thte.
NORTH, n&rth, s. The point opposite to the sun
in the meridian ; the point opposite to the south.
NORTHEAST, OMA-Otttf s. The point between the
north and east.
NORTHERLY, noriTHur-li, adj. 88. Being towards
the north.
NORTHERN, n3riTH&rn,of//. 88. Being in the north.
NORTHSTAR, nort/i^star, *. The polestar.
NORTHWARD, nor/A-ward, 88. \ adv. Towards
NORTHWARDS, norf/j-waniz, \ the north.
NORTHWEST, n6r/A-w£st/ s. The point between
the north and west.
NORTHWIND, nortAiwind, s. The wind that blows
from the north. — See Wind.
NOSE, noze, s. The prominence on the face, which
is the organ of scent and the emunctory of the brain ;
scent, sagacity ; To lead by the nose, to drag hy force,
as a bear bv his ring; to lead blindly; To thrust one's
nose into the affairs of another, to be a busy-body ; To
put one's nose out of joint, to put one out of the atfeo
tions of another.
To NOSE, nAze, v. a. To scent, to smell ; to face,
to oppose.
To NoSE, nize, v. n. To look big, to bluster. Not
used.
NOSEBLEED, nAze-bl^d, *. An herb.
NOSEGAY, nAze-ga, s. A posy, a bunch of flowers.
NOSELESS, nAze-l£s, adj. Wanting a nose.
NOSESMART, noze-smart, s. The heib cresses.
NOSLE, n6z-/l, *. 40.5. The extremity of a thing,
as, the nosle of a pair of bellows.
|£5» As this word was invariably pronounced with the
short, Dr. Johnson's spelling is as absurd here as in
Codie, which see.
NOSOLOGY, no-zol-16-j^, *. Doctrine of diseases.
NOSOPOIETICK, nA-sA-poWt-tik, adj. Producing
diseases.
NOSTHIL, n&s-trll, s. The cavity in the nose.
NOSTRUM, nostrum, s. A medicine not yet made
public, but remaining in some single hand.
NOT, not, adv. The particle of negation or refusal j
it denotes cessation or extinction. No more.
NOTABLE, ni^ta-bl, or not-u-bl, adj. Remarkable,
memorable, observable; careful, bustling.
fcf- When this word signifies remarkable, it ought to
be pronounced in the first manner ; and when it means
careful or bustling, in the last. The ad\erb follows the
same analogy ; nor ought this distinction (though a blem-
ish in language) to be negleeied. — See Bowl.
NOTABLENESS, notita-bl-n£s, S. Appearance of
business.
NOTABLY, nA-ta-bl£, or n&tia-blt*. adv. Memo-
rably, remarkably ; with consequence, with show of
importance.
NOTARIAL, no ta-r^-al, adj. Taken by a notary.
NOTARY, no^ti-r^, s. An officer whose business
it is to take notes of any thing which may concern the
publick.
NOTATION, no taish&n, s. The act or practice of
recording any thing by marks, as by figures or letters
meaning, signification.
NOTCH, notsh, s. A nick, a hollow cut in any th'ng.
To NOTCH, notsh, v. a. To cut in small hollows.
NOTCHWKED, notsll-w^ed, s. An herb called orach.
NoTt, note, s. 64. Mark, token ; notice, heed; r»-
NOV
349
n3r 167, nit 163 — tibe 171, lib 172, bill 173 — SlI 299 — p5und 313 — thin 466 — THIS H69.
jnitation, consequence: account, information, intelli-
gence; tune, voice: single sound in musick; state of
be:it|; observed ; short hint ; a small letter ; a paper pi-
vrn in confession of a debt ; .heads of a subject ; expla-
natory annotation.
To NOTE, note, «>. a. To observe, to remark, -to
heed; to attend, to set down, to charge wii^\ a crime;
in mn sick, to set down the notes of a tune.
NOTEBOOK, n6teib6ok, s. A book in which notei
and memorandums are set down.
'NOTED, no-t&i, jiart. adj. Remarkable, eminent,
celebrated, egregious.
NOTER, nA^tfir, *. 98. He who takes notice.
NOTHING,
-Non-entity ; not
any thing ; noparticiilar thing; no other thing; no <•
tity or degree; no importance, no use; no possession or
fortune; no difficulty, no trouble; a dung of no pro-
portion ; trifle, something of no consideration ; To
make nothing of, to do with ease, to make no difficulty
of; To fail in an atU-mpt, to do ineffectually.
NOTHINGNESS, niuh-lng-n&s, t. Non-existence ;
Remark, hoed, obserra-
thing of no value.
NOTICE, n&itls, *. 142.
tion, regard ; iuformation, intelligence given or received.
NOTIFICATION, n&-t£-fi!-k&sh&n, *. The act of
making known.
To NOTIFY, n^t&-(\, v. a. 183. To declare, to
make known.
NOTION", lio-shun, *. Thought, representation of
•ny tiling formed by the mind ; sentiment, opinion.
NOTIONAL, no-si i Cm -a 1, adj. 88. Imaginary, ideal ;
dealing in ideas, not realities.
NOTIONALITY, ni
grounded opinion.
* Empty, un-
NOTIONALLY, ni-shfin-al-L*, adv. In klea, men-
tally.
NOTORIETY, nA-
publick exjx>sure.
NOTORIOUS, nA-
known, evident to the world ; known to disadvantage.
NOTORIOUSLY, nA-to^-usJ£, adv. Publickly,
evidently.
NOTORIOUSNESS, n6-t&ir£-fjs-n£>, s. PuUickfame.
Pubiick .knowledge,
is, adj. 3-1 i. PuWickly
NOTWHEAT, n5tiwlniie, «.
bearded.
A kind of .wheat un-
NOTWITHSTANDING, n&t-wliA -standing, caty.
Without hindcranee or obstruction from ; although ;
nevertheless, however.
NoTUS, ni-tus, s. The south wir.d.
NOVATION, ni-vaibh&n, s. The introduction of
something new.
NOVATOR, n6-vaitur, s. 166. 52.1. The introdu-
cer of something new.
NOVEL, n6v£v£I, adj. 102.
'New, not ancient ;
in the civil law, appendaiit .to the code, and of later
enaction.
NOVEL, n£viv£l, A A anwll tale, a law annexed to
the code.
NOVELIST, niviv£l list, *. Innovator, assertor of
novelty ; a writer of novels.
NOVELTY, ni.v£v£l-.t4, 3. Newness, state. of being
unknown to former times.
NOVEMBER, nA-v£m£bur, *. The eleventh month
of the year, or the ninth reckoned from March.
NoVENAUY, nfiv^n-a-r**, 5. Number of nine.
8^- I have followed Dr. Johnson and .Eniic-k in the
accentuation of this word, rather than Mr. Sheridan, who
pieserves tin- first vowel Un.g, and .places the accent on
the second syllable.
NOVERCAL, n<l.v&ikal, adj. Having the manner
of a step-mother.
NOUGHT, nawt, t. 319. 393.
Not any thing,
nothing ; To set at Nought, not to value, to slight.
NOVICE, n&vivls, *. 142. Cue not acquainted with
any thing, a fresh man; one who has entered a religi-
ous house, but not jet taken the vow.
NOVITIATE, nA-vish'^-ate, j. 9). The state of. a
iiovicc, the time in which the rudiments are itan.eU ; I %'
' t
the time spent In a religious house, by way of trial, be-
fore the vow is taken.
NOV'ITY, n&v4e-t«i, *. Newness, novelty.
Noi'N, noun, f. SI 2. In Grammar, the name of
any thing.
To .NotJBISH, nfirirish, v. a. 314. To increase or
support by food ; to support, to maintain ; to encou-
rage, to foment; to train, or educate; to promote
growth or strength, as fcxxt.
NOL-KISHAJJLE, nfitirfsh-i-bl, adj. Susceptive of
nourishment.
NOUJUSHER, nfirtrlsh-fir, *. 98. The per*on or
thing that nourishes.
NOURISHMENT, nfii-rish-mont, t. That which ii
given or received in order to the support or increase of
growth or strength, food, sustenance.
To N'OUSEL, nfiz-zl, v. a. 102. To nurse .up, cor-
rupted probably from Nurtle.
To N'OUSEL, n&zizl, v. a. To .entrap, to.ensnare
as with a noose. They nuzzle hogs ; that is, they put
a ring in their nose, to prevent tlwir digging.
Now, ndfi, adn. -JO. 322. At this time, at the time
present; a little while ago. It is sometimes a pariide
of connexion ; as :If this be true, lie is guilty : Now
this is tt ue, therefore he is guilty. After this; since
things are so,. in. familiar speech ; now and then, at oi;e
time and another, uncertainly.
Now, nou, * :Present moment.
NOWADAYS, nou-A-daze, ado. In the pres«nt age.
NoWHEUE, no-hware, adv. Not in any place.
NOWISE, no^wize, adv. Not in any manner or de-
gree
'65* T\m word, gays Dr. Johnson, is commonly writ-
ten and spoken, by ignorant barbarians,. no»a^f.
NOXIOUS, noki-shCis, adj. Hurtful, harmful, bane-
ful ; guilty, criminal.
NOXIOUSNESS, nok-shis-n&, t. Jlurtfulness, in-
salubrity.
NOXIOUSLY, n&k-sllfis-l£, Otlv. HurtfuUy. pernici-
ously.
NoZLE, nuz-zl, t, 405. The nose, the snout, the
end.
K5" Tn's word, by being written with t, is rather more
correct than nosle; but both of them are radically defec-
tive. — See Codle.
NUBIFEKOUfi, n6-blftf£r-&S, adj. Bringing clouds.
To NUBILATE, ni-bil-ate, v. a. To cloud.
NUBILE, ntl'-bll, adj. 140. Marriageable, fit for
marriage.
NUCIFEROUS, nd-slPf?r-&s, adj. 518. Nut-bearing
NUCLEUS. n6-kle-fis, 4. A kernal, any thing »-
bout which matter is gathered or conglobated.
NuDATION, nu cla-shtin, *. The act of waking ba*«
or naked.
NUDITY, nuid£-t£, *. Naked parts.
NUGACITY,
or behaviour.
s. Futility, trifling talk
NuGATION, n6-gaishfin, i. The act or practice .of
trilling.
NUGATORY, niiga-t&r-e1, adj. 512. Trifling, fu-
tile. — For the o, see Vomettic.
NUISANCE, nu^sanse, *. 342. Something noxioui
or offensive; in law, something that incommodes the
neighbourhood.
To NULL, nfil, v. a. To annul, to annihilate.
NULL, n&l, adj. \o\&, of uo force, ineffectual.
NULL, nfil, s. Something of no power, or no meaning
NULLIBIETY, nul-te-b&i-t^, «. The state of be-
ing nowhere.
To NULLIFY, n&l-ld-fl, v. a. 183. To annul, to
make void.
NULLITY, n&l'l^-t^, «. >\"«nt of force or eflicacj ;
want of existence.
Nl'MB, ivfini, adj. 347. Toqnd, chill, motionless j
proilucir.g chilne>s, benumbing.
j>. a. To make torpid, to deaden,
2 O
NUR
350
OAK
559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fit SI — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mSve 164,
NuMBEDNESS, n&m^d-n^s, t. 365. Interruption
of sensation.
To NUMBER, nfirnib&r, v. a. 98. To count, to tell,
to reckon how many ; to reckon as one of the same
kind.
NUMBER, n&mib&r, *. The species of quantity by !
which it is computed how many ; any particular aggre-
gate of units, as Even or Old; many more than one ;
multitude that may be counted ; comparative multi-
tude; aggregated multitude; harmony; verses, poe-
try : in the noun it is the variation or change of termi-
nation to signify a number more than one.
NuMBERER, n&m-bfir-6r, s. He wtio numbers.
NUMBERLESS, nfimib&r-l£s, adj. Innumerable,
more than can be reckoned.
Nl'MBLES, n&miblz, s. 359. The entrails of a deer.
Nl'MBNESS, n&minfe, s. 347. Torpor, deadlier,
stupefaction.
NUMERABLE, nWm^r-i-bl, adj. 4O5. Capable to
be numbered.
NUMERAL, n&'mir-al, adj. 38. Relating to num-
ber, consisting of number.
NuMERALLY, rifti-m^r-Al W-, adv. According to
number.
NUMERARY, ni£m£r a-r£, adj. 512. Any thing
belonging to a certain number.
NUMERATION, ni»-m£r-aish&n, s. The art of
numbering; the rule of arithmetick which tenches the
notation of numbers, and method of reading numbers
regularly noted.
NUMERATOR, ni'mir-'a-'tfir, «.- 521. He that
numbers : that number which serves as a common mea-
su re to others.
NUMERICAL, ni-mSrirlk-il, adj. 509. Numeral,
denoting number ; the same not only in kind or species,
but number.
NUMERICALLY, ni-rn^Krlk-al-^, adv. With re-
spect to a sameness in number.
NUMERIST, niiim^r-ist, s. One that deals in num-
bers.
NUMEROSITY, ni-m£r-rosis£-t£, s. Number, the
state of being numerous ; harmony, numerous flow.
NUMEROUS, ni-m£r-rfis, adj. 314. Containing
many, consisting of many, not lew ; harmonious, con-
sisting of parts rightly numbered; melodious, musical.
NUMEROUSNESS, llWm£r is-lie*, j. The quality
of being numerous ; harmony, musicalness.
NUMMARY, n&m-ml-r^, adj. Kclating to money.
NUMSKULL, n&rr.iskul, s. A dunce, a dolt, a
blockhead ; the head, in burlesque.
NUJISKULLED, n&ii&k&ld, adj. 362. Dull, stu-
pid, dollish.
NUN, n&n, *. A woman dedicated to the severer
duties of religion, secluded in a cloister from the world.
NUNCHION, n&rtish&ti, *. A piece of victuals eaten
between vneals.
Jl5" ' cannot find a better derivation of this word than
noi.ii cliian, r>r something taken at no^n before the regu-
lar meal of dinner.
NUNCIATURE, n&ni-she-i-ture, s. The office of a
uuncio.
NUNCIO, n&n-she-A, s. 357. A messenger, one
that brings tidings ; a kind of spiritual envoy from the
Pope.
NUNCUPATIVE, nun-ku-pS-tiv, 7
NuNC'JPATOHY, nfin-kuipl-tur-re, 512. J '
Pnblickly or solemnly declaratory, verbally promrnced.
%°f- Dr. Johnson and Mr. Barclay have very impro-
perly accented these two words upon the third syllable ;
vV. Johnston and Bailey, on the first ; but Dr. Ash, En-
tick, anil M r. -Sheridan, more correctly, in my opinion,
on the second.
NUNNERY, nfin^n&r-^, «. 554. A house of nuns,
or women dedicated to the severer duties of religion.
NUPTIAL, n&pishal, adj. 83. Pertaining to mar-
riage.
NUPTIALS, nfip-shAIz, $. Marriage.
NURSE, nfirse, s. A woman that has the care of
another's child ; a woman that h*s the core of a sick
person ; one who breeds, educates, or protects ; an old
woman, in contempt ; the state of being nursed.
To NuRSK, n&rse, ». a. To bring up a child, not
one's own ; to bring up anything young; to feed, to
keep, to maintain ; to tend '.he sick ; to pamper ; to fo-
ment, to encourage.
NURSER, tmr-sCir, t. 98. One that Burses ; a pro-
moter, a fomentor.
NURSERY-, n&r-s&r-ri, *. 554. The act or office
of nursing ; that which is the object of a nurse's can? :
a plantation of young trees to be transplanted to other
f round ; place where young children are nursed ami
rought up ; the place or state where any thing is fos-
tered or brought up.
NURSLING, nurseling, ». 410. One nursed up; a
fondling.
NURTURE, n&r-tshirre, i. 461-. Food, diet ; edu-
cation, institution.
To NURTURE, nuritsh&re, v. a. To educate; to
train, to bring up ; To nurture up, to bring by care and
food to maturity.
To NUSTLE, u&s^sl, v. a. 472. To fondle, to che-
ri.-h.
NUT; n&t, s. The fruit of certain trees : it consists of a
kernel covered by a hard shell ; a small body with teeth
which correspond with the teeth of wheels."
NuTBROWN, iiiit-broun, adj. Brown like a nut kept
long.
NUTCRACKERS, n&tikrak-k&rz, s. An instrument
used to break nuts.
NuTGALL, n&t-gal, s. Excrescence of an oak.
NUTHATCH, not-hitsh, ^
NUT JOBBER, n&t-job-bur, C «. A bird.
NUTPECKER, n&t-pek-kur, )
NUTHOOK, n&t-hook, s. A stick with a hook at
the end.
NUTMEG, n&tim£g, s. The musked nut, a kind of
spice imported from the East Indies.
NUTSHELL, n&t-shcl, s. The hard substance that
encloses the kernel of the nut.
NuTTREE, nut-tre^, s. The tree that bears nuts,
a hazel.
NuTHiriCATION, nu-tr^-fe-ka'shun, s. Manner
of feeding or being fed.
NUTRIMENT, nfr-tre-m£nt, * Food, aliment.
NUTUIMENTAL, nra-tr£-m£u-tal, adj. 88. Hav-
ing the qualities of food.
NUTRITION, nu-trishian, *. The act or quality of
nourishing.
NUTRITIOUS, ni-trish-is, adj. 314. Having the
quality of nourishing.
NUTRITIVE, nu-trd-t!v, adj. 158. Nourishing,
nutrimental.
NuTRITURE, nu-trti-ture, *. The power of nour-
ishing.
To NUZZLE, nuz-zl, v. a. 405. To nurse, to fos-
ter ; to go with the nose down like a hog.
NYCTALOPS, nlk'ta-l&ps, *. One that is pur-blind,
one who sees best in the night.
NYMPH, nlmf, s. 413. A goddess of the woods,
meadows, or waters; a country girl ; in poetry, a lady.
0.
o
, 6, 161. O is used as an interjection of wish-
ng or exclamation. O is use<i by ^h.ikespcare for a cir-
cle or oval, as, Within this woocL n O.
OAF, ofe, *. i295. A changeling, a foolish child left
by the fairies ; a dolt, a blockhead, an idiot.
OAFISH, ofeiblj, adj. Stupid, dull, dolt.sh.
OAFISHNESS, 6t't-lsll-n£s, s. Stupidity, dullness.
OAK, oke, s. 295. A well known tree; ths wood
f the tree.
OAKAPPLE, 6kt-iip-pl, s. A kind of spungy «x-
I ciesccnce on the oak.
ODD
351
OBJ
nor 167, nit 163 — tibe 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
OAKEN, Aikn, adj. 103. Made of oak, gathered from
oak.
OAKENPIN, o^kn-pln, s. An apple.
OAKUM, o-kfim, *. Ords untwisted and reduced to
hemp.
OAR, fcre, *. 295. A long pole with a broad end,
by which vr s«els are driven in the water.
To OAR, 6re, r. n. To row.
7"oi OAR, ire, v. a. To impel by rowinp.
OARV, 6-r<*, adj. Having the furm or use of oars.
OATCAKE. 6tt-kake, s. 295. Cake made of the
meal of oats.
OATEN, oitn, adj. 103. Made of oats, bearing oats.
OATH, A<A, *. 295. An affirmation, negation or
promise, corroborated by the attestation of the Divine
Being.
OATHBREAKING, o//jibra-klng, s. Perjury, the vi.
elation of an oath.
OATMAI.T, oteirnalt, S. Malt made of oats.
OATMEAL, 5t-m^le, or 6te£m£le, s. 295. Flower
made by grinding oats.
OATS, otes, s. A grain with which horses are fed.
OATTHISTLE, 6tei<Als-sl, s. An herb.
OBAMBUI.ATION, ob-am-bu-la-shun, s. The act
of walking about
To OBDUCE, ob-disr' v. a. To draw over as a cov-
ering.
OBDUCTJON, 6b-dakisliun, *. Tlie act of covering,
or laying a cover.
OBDURACY, ob'ju-ra-s£, or ob-d&irA-^, s. 293,
294. Inflexible wickedness, impenitence, hardness of
heart.
fc5> W. Jrhnston and Entick are the only orthoepies
wlio adopt the first moile of accenting this word; while
Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Bu-
chanan, Perry, and Barclay, adopt the last, Mr. Scott
adopts both, but seems to give the latter the preference
by placing it first. The accentuation of this word must
be determined by that of obdurate, from which it is de-
rived. It seems, however, to follow the example of ac-
curacy, procuracy. Sec. in throwing the accent on the
first syllable. As there are some terminations which seem
to attract the accent to the latter syllable, as, ator, end,
&e. a?, spectator, obsrrvator, <fec. comprehend, apprehend,
&c. so there are others that seem to repel it to the begin-
.ng of the word, as acy, ary, &c. as, efficacy, optimacy,
contumacy, &c. salutary, tributary, adversary, itc. The
»~ord in question seems to be of the latter class, and there-
i, -• more analogically pronounced with the accent on the
first than on the second syllable. — See Obdurate.
OBDURATE, 6b^ju-rate, or ob-du-'rate, adj. 91.
S93, 29 \. 503. Hard of heart, inflexibly obstinate in
Jl, Jiardened ; firm, stubborn ; harsh, rugged.
^f This word is pronounced with the accent on the
second syllable by Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ken-
rick, Dr. Ash, Mr. Nares, Mr. Elphinston, Mr Barclay,
Buchanan, and Mr. Perry ; and on the first by Bailey,
Entick, and \V. Johnston. Mr. Scott accents it either
on the first or second, but seems to give the preference
to the latter. The poets are decidedly in favour of the
penultimate accent : and when the usage of poetry does
not contradict any plain analogy of prosaic pronuncia-
tion, it certainly has a respectable authority. But the
verb to indurate is a word of exactly the same form, and
has the same derivation ; and yet Or. Johnson, Mr. She-
ridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, VV. Johnston, Barclay,
and Entick, place the accent on the first syllable ; and
my observation fails me if there is not a strong propensi-
ty in custom to place the accent on the first syllable of
the word in question. This propensity, as there is a plain
analogy in favour of it, ought, in my opinion, to be in-
dulged. To indurate is a verb derived froin the Latin
Iruluro, forming its participle in atus ; and words of this
kind are generally anglicised by the termination ate, and
have the accent at least as high as the antepenultimate :
thus, from dfpuro, propago, dcsolo, &c. are formed to de-
purate, to propagate, to desolate, &c. and, without recur-
ring to the Latin induratuit, we form the regular partici-
ple indurated, from the verb to indurate. But though
there is the Latin verb obduro, we have not formed an
English verb from it in ate as in the former case, but de-
rive the adjective obdurate from the Latin participial ad-
jective otxiuralus ; and no analogy can be more uniform
than that of removing the accent two syllable* higher
than in the original : thus, desperate, profligate, and f/*.
frcate, have the accent on the first syllable; and dcspera-
tus, prqfligatus, and drfacatus, on the third. Agreeably,
therefore, to every analogy of derivation, obdurate ought
to have the accent on the first syllabic; and as poets have
adopted the other accentuation, we must, as in medici-
nal, and in some other words, admit of a poetical and a
prosaic pronunciation, rather than cross go clear an ana-
logy in favour of poetry, which, is so frequently at va-
ri.ince with prose, and sometimes with itself.— See Aca-
demy and Incomparable.
OBDURATELY, ol/ju-rat-l£, adv. Stubbornly, in-
flexibly.
OBDURATENESS, ob-ju-rat-n&, «. Stubbornness,
inflexibility, impenitence.
OBDURATION, ob-ju-ra-shun, s. Hardness of heart
OBDURED, 6b-durd,/ adj. 359. Hardened, inflex-
ible.
OBEDIENCE, 6-b£-'^-3nse, s. 293. 376. Obse-
quiousness, submission to authority,
frj- The o which forms the h'rst syllable of this word,
though not under the accent, may occasionally be pro-
nounced as long and open as the o in oral, over, &-c. (see
Kfface) ; and though in rapid pronunciation it admits of
a short obscure sound, common to some of the other vow-
els when unaccented, yet its radical sound, or that which
it acquiies on the least distinctness or solemnity, is un-
doubtedly the long open o before-mentioned. Thus in
that fugitive pronunciation which has no existence but
in the ear, and can hardly be expressed to the eye by a
correspondent sound, we perceive very little difference in
the sound of the initial vowels of abound, upbraid, and
obedience; yet the moment we dwell with the least dis-
tinctness on tluse letters, the a in abound verges to the a
in father! theit has the short sound we I car in the pre-
position up; and the o in obedience becomes open, as the
lirst sound of that letter in the alphabet. The same may
be observed of the o in opaque, opinion, and every initial
o ending a syllable immediately before the accent. — See
Principles, No. 98.
OBEDIENT, A-b^'j£-£nt, adj. Submissive to autho-
rity, compliant with command or prohibition, obse-
quious.
OBEDIENTIAL, A-be-jd-£nishal, adj. According
to the rule of obedience.
OBEDIENTLY, 6-be-j£-£nt-l£, adv. With obedience.
OBEISANCE, 6-ba-slnse, *. 250. A bow, a cour-
tesy, an act of reverence.
Jt^?- I must retract my former pronunciation of this
word which made the diphthong ei like e in obedience,
and adopt the sound of a as in the ey of obey. For the
former sound we have Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, and
Mr. Perry ; and for the latter, Mr. Nares, Mr. Elphinston,
Mr. Scott, and W. Johnston. But if tlie authorities for
this pronunciation were less weighty than they are, ana-
logy would be clearly on the side 1 have adopted, as ei,
when under the accent, is much more frequently pro-
nounced like ey in obey than like ey in kci) : the latter
word and ley being the only exceptions to the general
rule of pronouncing ey when accented; and these letters
we know are perfectly equivalent to ei, 296'.
OBELISK, 6b-t5-lisk, s. A magnificent high piece
of marble, or stone, having usually four faces, and les-
sening upwards by degrees.
OBEQCITATION, 6b-£k-kwi-taishfin, *. The act
of riding about.
OBERRATION, 6b-£r-raishun, j. The act of wan-
dering about.
OBESE, 6-b£se/ adj. Fat, loaden with flesh.
OBESENESS, 6-b^se-n^s, ?
• . i • i , 5- s. Morbid fatness.
OBESITY, o-bes-se-te, }
To OBEY, 6-ba,' v. a. To pay submission to, to
comply with, from reverence to authority.
JC5- This word had formerly the word to before the
person obeyed, which Addison has mentioned as one of
Milton's Latinisms; but it is frequent in old writers;
when we borrowed the French word, we borrowed ilia
syntax, Obeir au roi.
OBJECT, ob-j£kt, *. 492. That about which any
power or faculty is employed; something presented
to the senses to raise any affection or emotion in the
mind.
To OBJECT, 6b-j£kt,' v. a. To oppose, to present
in opposition ; to propose as a charge criminal, ot a
reason adverse.
OBL
352
OBS
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83. fat 81 — m£ 93,m3t95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 1612, move J14,
OBJECTION, &b-j£kish&n, *. The act of present-
ing any thing in opposition ; adverse argument ; fault
found.
OBJECTIVE, ftb-jek^tlv, adj. Belonging to the ob-
ject, contained in the object; made an object; pro-
posed as an object.
OBJECTIVELY, 6b j£k-tlv 1£, adv. In manner
of an object.
OBJECTIVENESS, 6b j£kiilv-n£s, *. The state of
being an object.
OBJECTOR, ob-j£k£t&r, *. 166. One who offers ob-
jections.
OBIT, <W)!t, 5. Funeral obseqoien.
To OBJURGATE, ftb-jiiigate, v. «. To chide, to
reprove.
OBJURGATION, 5b-jir-ga-slr6n, *. Reproof, re-
prehension.
OBJURGATORY, &b-j£iriga-t&r-r£, adj. Repre-
hensory, chicling.
It5» For the last o, see Domestick ; and for the accent,
NoTSlS.
OBLATE, &b-late/ adj. Flatted at the poles. Used
of a spheroid.
OBLATION, 6b-la-sh&n, *. An offering, a sacrifice.
OBI.ECTATION, ib-l£k-taishi?m, s. Delight, plea-
sure.
To OBLIGATE, ib^W-gate, t>. a. To bind by con-
tract or duty.
OBLIGATION, &b-lt*-paish&n, s. The binding
power of any oath, vow, duty, or contract; an act
which binds any man to some |K'rformance.; favour by
which one is bound to gratitude.
OBLIGATORY, &bi4^-gi-tur-^, *. 512. Imposing
an obligation, binding, coercive.
To OBLIGE,
*• To bind'
impose obligation, to compel to something; to lay ob-
ligations of gratitude ; to please, to gratify. — See Prin-
ciples, No. 111.
OBLIGEE, &b-l«J-j£^ s The person bound by a le-
gal or written contract.
OBLIGEMENT, 6 blidjeim^nt, or A-ble£iljeim4nt,
5. Obligation.
OBLIGER, A-bll-j&r, or i-blW-j&r, s. He who o.
bl-ges.
OBLIGING, A billing, or A-blee-jlng, part- adj.
Civil, complaisant, respectful, engaging.
OBLIGINGLY, A-bli-jing-te, or A-blee-jlng-lt*, adv.
Complaisantly.
OBLiGiNGNESS,A-bli-jlng-n£s, orA-blW-jlng.n£s,
i. Complaisance.
OBLIGOH, 6b-l^-gor,' 3. He who binds himself by
contract.
OBLIQUATION, &b-l£-kwaish&n, *. Declination
from |>erpendicularity, obliquity.
OBLIQUE, &b-like,' adj. 158. 415. Not direct,
cot perpendicular, not parallel: not direct, used of sense;
in grammar, any case in nouns except the nominative.
OBLIQUELY, &b-likf-l^, adv. Not.directly, not per-
pendicularly ; not in the immediate or direct meaning.
OBLIQUENESS, &b-llkein£s, I
OBLIQUITY, 5b-likiwi t£, |
physical rectitude, deviation from parallelism or per-
pendicularity ; deviation from moral rec'itude.
To OBLITERATE, &b-lh-t£r-rate, v. a. To efface
any thing written ; to wear out, to destroy, to cft'ace.
OBLITERATION. &b-Ht t£r-ra-shcin, *. Effiice-
n it in, extinction.
OBLIVION, A-bliviv«*-5n, *. 113. ForgeMulness,
cessalinn of remembrance; amnesty, general pardon of
crimes in a state.
OBLIVIOUS o-l>liv-ve-&s, adj. Causing forgetfulness.
OBLONG. ob^lAng, ndj. Longer than broad.
OiJLON'GLY, obMing-lii, adv. In an oblong direc-
:uni.
OBI.ONGNESS, ob-long-n^s, i. The «tate of bc-
ii.g oblong.
Deviation from
OBLOQUY, &b-lA -kwi, s. 345. Censorious f]ii-ech,
blame, slander ; cause of reproach, disgrace.
OBMUTESCENCE, Sb-mui-t^s-s^nse, «. 510. Lou
of speech.
OBNOXIOUS, 5l>-n6kis!i&s, adj. Subject ; liable to
punishment: liable, exposed.
OBNOXIOUSNESS, ob-nok^shus n£s, *. Subjection,
liableness to punishment.
OBNOXIOUSLY, 6b- n&k-sh&s-l^, ado. In a state
of subjection, in the state of one liab e to punishment.
To OBNUBILATE, 6b-n6-b£-late, v. a. To cloud,
to obscure.
OBOLE, ib^Ale, t. 543, 544. In pharmacy, twelve
grains.
OfiREPTION, &b-r5pish&n, s. The act of creep •
ing on.
OBSCENE, 6b-s££n,' adj. Immodest, not agreeable
to chastity of mind ; offensive, disgusting ; inauspicious
ill-omened
OBSCENELY, &b-s££n-l£, adv. In an impure and
unchaste manner.
OBSCENENESS, 6b-sWninfc, 7 . ,,, ,
«u i i A »A f *• 511. Impurity
OBSCENITY, OO^MMN te, \
of thought or language, unchastity, lewdness.
OBSCURATION, ob-ski-ra-sb&n, *. The act of
darkening ; a state of being darkened.
OBSCUBJJ, 6b.-sk6re/ adj. Dark, unenlightened
gloomy, hindering sight; living in the dark ; abstruse
dirficult ; not noted.
To OBSCURE, 5b-skfirp/ v. a. To darken, to make
dark; to make less visible ; to make less intelligible
to make less glorious, beautiful, or illustrious.
OBSCURELY, &b-sk6reM£, adv. Not brightly, not
luminously; out of sight, privately; not clearly, not
plainly.
O&SCURENESS, &b-skire£n£s, J *. Darkness, want
OBSCURITY, 6l>-skfii.r^-ti, J of light ; unnoticed
state, privacy ; darkness of meaning.
OBSECRATION, ob se-kra-shiiti, «. Entreaty, sup-
plication.
OBSEQUIES, &lAi-kwiz, *. 283. Funeral rite*,
funeral solemnities. It is found in the singular, but
not much use;!.
OBSEQUIOUS, 6b-s£-kw£-fts, ad;. Obedient, com-
pliant, not resisting; in Shakespeare, funeral.
OBSEQUIOUSLY, ob-st-ikwi-us-1^, ado. obedw
emly, with compliance; in Shakespeare, it signifies,
with funeral rites.
OBSEQUIOUSNESS, &b-s£-kw£-us-n£s, t. Obedi-
ence, compliance.
OBSERVABLE, 6b- z4rivi-bl, adj. Remarkable,
eminent.
OBSERVABLY, &b-z£r-va-blt*, adv. In -a manner
worthy of note.
OBSERVANCE, ib-z4r-vanse, *. Respect, ceremo-
nial reverei ce ; religious rite ; attentive practice; rule
of practice ; observation, attention ; obcdie:it regard.
OBSERVANT, &b-z£r-vant, adj. Attentive, dili-
gent, watchful; respectfully attentive ; meanly duiilul,
submissive.
OBSERVATION, ib-x4r-va^shfin, «. The act of ob-
serving, noting, or remarking ; notion gained by ob-
serving, note, remark.
OBSERVATOR, &b-z£r-va-t&r, 166. 521. On«
that observes, a remarker.
OBSERVATORY, &b-z£r-va-tir-£, t. A place baili
for astronomical observation — For the accent of this
word, see Principles, No. 512.
To OBSERVE, 6b-z£rv,' v. a. To watch, ro regard
attentively ; to find by attention, to nole ; to regard or
keep religiously ; to o'l>ey, to follow.
ZVOMCBW, 6b-z£rv,' v. n. To be attentive ; t»
make a lemark.
OBSERVER, Ib-rfrw^lri, *. One who looks vigi-
lantly on persons and things; one who looks on, ihe
beholder: one who keeps any law, or custom, or practice.
OBSKRVINGI.Y, 6b-z^r-\-ing-!i, adv. Attemivei*
OBT
853
OCC
no> }C,1, not IfiS— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 511 299— pofind S13— ^jin 466— THis 4C9.
ORSKSSION, 6b s&h'&n, «. The act of besieging.
()u?Il)IONAL, Sb-sld'^-fln-al, or 5b-sId'j4-Cin-al,
adj. W>3. Belonging to a siege.
OBSOLETE, 6b-si-lite, adj. Worn out of use, dis-
used, unfashionable.
OBSOLETENESS, &1A5 UHe-n£s, s. state of being
worn out of use, tmfashionablcness.
OBSTACLE, 5b-sta-kl, ». 405. Something opposed,
hinderanee, obstruetion.
OBSTETRICATION, ib-st£t-tre-ka£*b.?m, 5. The
office of a midwife.
OBSTETRICK, &b- st^titrlk, art?, 509. Midwifish,
befitting a midwife, doing the midwife's office.
OBSTINACY, Sb-sUi-na-se, S. Stubbornness, con-
tumacy, persistency.
OBSTINATE, 6l>-st*i-natp, adj. 91. stubborn, con-
ti.'macious, fixed in resolution.
OBSTINATELY, 6b^sti-nate-l
inflexibly.
adv. Stubbojnly,
OBTUSANGULAR, ob-tfW-ang-gi-Iar, adj. llav.
ing angles larger than right angles.
OBTUSE, 5l)-tiisc/ adj. 427. Not pointed, not a-
cute; not quick, dull, stupid; not shrill, obscure, as,
an Obtuse sound.
tst'-I^, adv.
OBTUSKLY, o
dully, stupidly.
Without a point ;
OBSTINATENF.SS, &b-sti.nate-n£s, s. Stubbornness.
OBSTIPATION, &b-ste-pa^sh5n, s. The act of stop-
ping up any passage.
OBSTREPEROUS, 6b-str£p£p4r-6s, adj. Loud, cla-
inorous, turbulent.,
OBSTREPEROUSLY, &b-str£pip3r-r&s-lt*, adv.
l.nudly, elamorously.
OfiSTUEPEROUSNESs, ob-str£pip£r-r&s-n£s, *.
Loiidness, clamour, noise.
OBSTUICTION, ob-strlk^sliun, s. Obligation, bond.
To OBSTRUCT, ib-str&kt,' v. a. To hinder, to be
in the way of, to block up, to bar , to oppose, to retard.
OBSTRUCTER, 6b-str&ktt6r, *. 98. One that hin-
ders or opposes.
OBSTRUCTION, 6b-str&k£sh&n, 5. Hinderanee,
difficulty ; obstacle, impediment, confinement ; in phy-
sii-k, the blocking up of any canal in the human Ixxly,
so as to prevent tlie flowing of any fluid through it.
OBSTRUCTIVE, 5b-str&k-tlv, ailj. Hindering, caus-
impediment.
OBSTRUCTIVE, ib-str&k^tlv,
Impediment, ob-
OliSTRUENT, &bistr6-^nt, adj. Hindering, block-
ing up.
ODSTUPEF ACTION, &b-st&-p£.fAkisliun, *. A
stoppage of the exercise of the mental powers.
ODSTUPEFACTIVE, 6b-st6-pe-flk-tiv, adj. 512.
Obstructing the mental powers.
Tit OBTAIN, Ab-tane/ v. a. 2O2. To gain, to ac-
quire, to procure ; to gain by concession.
To OBTAIN, ftb-tan?/ i>. »/. To continue in use ;
to be established ; to prevail, to succeed.
OBTAINABLE, ob-tane-i-bl, adj. To be procured.
OBTAINEK, 5l>-ta-nur, *. 98. He who obtains.
To OBTEMPERATE, &b-t4miper-ate, v. a. To o-
bey.
T» OBTKXD, ftb-tJnd,' t;. a. To oppose, to hoUl
out in opposition ; to pretend, to offer as the reason of
any thing. In this last sense not used.
OUTF.NEBRATION, 6b-ten-ll(i bra-sll&n, s. Dark-
ness, the state of being darkened.
OlJTENTlON, &b-t^nisli?in, «. The act of obtending.
To OBTEST, ob-t&t/ t>. a. To beseech, to suppli-
cate.
OBTESTATION, &b-t£s-ta-shfin, t. Supplication,
entreaty.
OBTRECTATION, ftb-tr^k-taishfin, t. Slander, de-
traction, calumny.
To OBTRUDE, 6b-tr56d,' v. a. 339. To thrust
into any place or state by force or imposture.
OBT RUDER, 6b-tr66d-iuT, t. 98. One that obtrudes.
OBTRUSION, &b tro^zh&n, *. The act of obtrud-
ing.
OBTRUSIVE, &b-tri&-slv, adj. 428. Inclined to
force one's self or any thing else upon others.
7« OBTUXD. 6b-tftnd,' v. a. To blunt, to dull, to
Quell, ' '
OBTUSENESS, ob-t£ise£n£s, s. Bluntness, dulness.
OBTUSION, &b-tiizh&n, *. The act of dulling j th«
state of being dulled.
OBVENTION, ftb-v5nish&n, *. Something happen-
ing not constantly and regularly, but uncertainly.
To OBVERT, 6b-v£rt,' v. a. To turn towards.
To OBVIATE, &b-v£-ate, v. a. 91. To meet in th*
way, to prevent, to oppose.
OBVIOUS, &biv£-&s, adj. Meeting any thing, op-
posed in front to any thing; open, exposed ; easily dis-
covered, plain, evident.
OBVIOUSLY, 6biv«i-llS-l£, adv. Evidently, appa-
rently.
OBVIOUSNESS, &lA^-&s-n5s, *. State of being evi-
dent or apparent.
To OBUMBRATE, ftb-imibrate, ». a. To shade, to
cloud.
OBUMBRATION, fib-&m bra-shun, s. The act of
darkening or clouding.
OCCASION, 6k-ka'zl)&n, ». Occurrence, casualty,
incident; opportunity, convenience; accidental cause;
reason, not cogent, but opportune; incidental need,
casual exigence.
J£5» What was observed of the e in Kfface is applicable
to the o in the first syllable of this word. Krom the ten-
dency of the vowel to open, when immediately preceding
the accent, we find elegant speakers sometimes pronomr'e
the o in occn.iion, offend, ojficiotu, &.c. as if written o-ca-
tion, o-fcnti, ojicious, &c. This seems to be one of those
' fault's true critics dare not mend." But as it is an evi-
dent deviation from the orthography, I have not dared
to mark these words in this manner — bee Kfface. It
rust, however, be remarked, that this deviation only
takes place before double c in the word occasion and its
compounds.
To OCCASION, &k-kaizhfin, v. a. To cause casu-
ally; to cause, to produce: to influence.
OCCASIONAL, &k-ka-zhun-al, adj. Incidental,
casual ; producing by accident ; producing by occasion
or incidental exigence.
OCCASIONALLY, 6k-ka-zhfin-al-I^, adv. Accord-
ing to incidental exigence.
OcCASIONER, 6k-kaizli&n-6r, *. One that causes
or promotes by design or accident.
OCCECATION, ok-se-ka-sh&n, *. The act of blind-
ing or making blind
OCCIDENT, 6k-se-d<*nt, *. The west.
OCCIDENTAL, ik-se-d£n-tul, ailj. Western.
OcciDUOUS, 6k-sld-j6-&s, adj. 293, 294. Western.
OCCIPITAL, 6k-s1p-pe-t!l, adj. Placed in tiw
hinder part of the head.
OCCIPUT, 6k-se-ptit, s. The hinder part of the
head.
OcciSION, ok-slzh'&n, *. The act of killing.
To OCCLUDE, ok-klide,' v a. To shut up.
OcCLUSE, 6k-kluse,' adj. 428. Shut up, closed.
OCCLUSION, 6k-klu-zlmn, *. The act of shutting up.
OCCULT, 6k-kult/ adj. Secret, hidden, unknown,
uiuliscoverable.
OCCULTATION, ik-k&l-ta'sliuu, s. In astronomy,
is the time that a star or planet is hidden from our
sight.
OCCULTNESS, 6k-kultin£s, S. Secretncss, state of
being hid.
OCCUPANCY, &k'kdi-pun-s£, *. The act of tak
ing possesvon.
OCCUPANT, 6kik6-parit, s. He that takes posse*
sion of any thing.
To OcciJPATE, okikfi-pate, v. a. 91. To take up,
to possess, to hold.
OCCUPATION, Ik-kO paisi.un, .«. The act of tak-
ODD
354
OFF
!&• 559. File 78, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — n<i 162, mAre 164,
ing possession ; employment, business ; trade, calling,
vocation.
OCCUPIER, &kik6-pl-&r, *. 98. A possessor, one
who takes into his possession ; one who follows any
enip li>\ menu
To OCCUPY, ok-ki-pl, P. a. 183. To possess, to
keep, to take up; to employ ; to follow as business.
To OCCUR, ok-kfir,' v. »». To be presented to the
memory or attention; to appear here aiul there ; to
cl.ish, to strike against, to inceu
OCCURRENCE, &k-k&r^r£nse, 5. Incident, acci-
dental event; occasional presentation.
OCCUKRENT, ok-kiri-r^nt, s. Incident, any thing
that happens.
OcCURSlON, ok-k&rishfin, s. Clash, mutual blow.
OCEAN, o^sli&n, i. 357. The main, the great sea j
any immense expanse.
OCEAN, &sh2m, adj. rurtaining to the main or
great sea.
OCEAMCK, A-sh£-inillc, adj. 857. 509. Per-
taining to the ocean.
OCELLATED, O-S^l-la-t^d, adj. Hcsemb'ing the
eye
OCHRE, AMc&r, J. 416. A kind of earth sli-htly co-
herent, and easily dissolved in water.
OcHRKOUS, &-kr£-5s, ail/. Consisting of ochre.
OCHREY, 6Mcftr-£, adj. Partaking of ochre.
OcHlMY, 6kik4-mi, $. A mixed base metal
OCTAGON, okitA-gon, $. in geoinetry, a figure
consisting of eight sides and angles
OCTAGONAL, &k-fc\gig6-nil, adj. 518. Having
eight angles and sides.
OCTANGULAR, ok-tlngig£i-lir, adj. Having eight
angles.
OCTANGULARNESS, ftk-tillgig&-lAr-ll&>, S. The
quality of having eight angles.
OCTANT, &ki-tAut, J
OCTILE, 6ki4», 140. £ J' ' * P *
in such position to another, that their places are only
distant an eighth part of a circle.
OCTAVE, uk-tave, t. 91. The eighth day after
some peculiar festival ; in musick, an eighth or an in-
terval of eight sounds ; eight days together af.er a fes-
tival.
OCTAVO, ok-taivA, adj. A book is said to be in
Octavo when a sheet is folded into eight leaves.
OCTENNIAL, &k.t&nine-il, adj. 113. Happen-
ing every eight years; lasting eight years.
OCTOBER, i>k-t6M>&r, s. 98. The tenth month of
the year, or the eighth numbered from Maich.
OCTOEDRICAL, tik-t<Wtlidre-k*l, mlj. Having
eight si.les.
OcTONAHY, ukito-nar-£, adj. Belonging to the
number eight.
OciONOCULAR, &k-to-nik-ku-lAr, adj. Having
eight eyes.
OcfOPtTALOUS, &k-to-p£titil-5s, aitf. Having
eight (lower leaves.
OCTOSTYLE, ok-ti- stile, s. The face of a building
or ii7il.inn.ince containing eight columns.
OcTUI'LE, 6k-lu-pl, adj. 40.5. Eightfold.
OCL'LAll, &k-k6-lAr, }. 88. IX-pending on the eye,
known by the eye.
OCULARLY, ik-ku-lir-li, adv. To the observa-
tion of the eye.
Oct'LIST, uk-kij-llst, s. One who professes to cure
distemper* of the eyes.
ODD, 6d, titlj. Not even, not divisible into equal
numbers; particular, uncouth, extraordinary; some-
thing over a definite number ; not tu&cd, not taken
into the common account; strange, unaccountable,
fantastical, uncommon, particular; unlucky; unlike-
ly, In appearance improper.
ODDLY, Ad-li, adv. Not evenly ; strangely, parti-
cularly, unaccountably, uncoulhly.
(JUDNF.SS, 6c)i.ntls, *. The state of being mX even ;
strangeness, par>..eularity, uiicuuthncss.
ODDS, idz, & Inequality, excess of either compared
with the other; more than an even wager ; advantage,
«upcriority ; quarrel, debate, dispute.
ODE. id-', S. A poem written to be sung to mu.-ick,
a lyrick poem.
ODIBLE, u'dtU)!, adj. 4O.5. Hateful.
ODIOUS, A^di-is, or 6-j£-frs, adj. Hateful, de-
Uj stable, abominable ; exposed to hate ; causing hate,
irrritlioin.
JK3» The first mode of iwonounpinz this word is the
more common, but the second seems the more correct __
See Principles, No. 293, 594. 376.
ODIOUSLY, A^le-us li. or 6-j^-us 1£, adv. Hate-
fully, abominably ; invidiously, so a* to cause hate.
ODIOUSNESS, o^dti-us-n^s, or <>j^-&s-n&>, ».
Hatefulness.
ODIUM, o-cle-&m, or 6^j^-&m, *. Invidiousness,
quality of provoking hate.
ODOR ATE, Stdfr'T&e, adj. 91. Si-cnted, baring a
strong scent, whether fetid or fragrant.
ODORIFEROUS, o do-riP-fer-is, adj. Giving scent,
usually sweet of scent; fragrant, perfumed.
ODORIFEROUSNESS, & d6-rif-i£r-us-nes, 5. 534.
Sweetness of scent.
ODOROUS, oidur-fis, adj. 314. Fragrant, perfumed.
{£•7- It is not a little strange that this adjective should
liave preserved the accent of the simple odtrnr, when the
Latin odortu presented so fair an opportunity of altering
it. M ilton has seized this opportunity; but, happily for
the analogy of our own language, it has not been followed :
"' - Last the bright consummate flow'r
" Spirit, oioroat breathes ; ttuw'» and their fruit
" Man's nourishment.- -
Where we may observe, that if the Latin accent be {jre*
served, the Latin spelling ought to be p.eserved likewise.
ODOUR, (i^dCir, *. 314. Scent, whether good or
bail; fragrance, perfume, sweet sceut.
OECONOMICKS, dk-o-noiu-miks,*. 296.
nient of household alfa:rs
OECONOMY. — See Economy.
OECUMENICAL, ^k-u-inen-nc-kil, adj. 296. Ge-
neral, respecting the whole habt:able uorld.
OEDKMA, e-de-mi, s. 9'2. 296". A tumour. It is
now commonly by surgeons confined to a white, soft,
insensible tumour.
OKDKMATICK, £d-t*-mltitlk, 296.
OEIJEMATOUS, 4-dgir.inii-tas,
taining to an oedema.
OEILIAD, e-il-\iJ, s 113. A glance, wink, tokeo
of the eye.
O'ER, Are, ado- Contracted trom Over.
OESOPHAGUS, e sof-fu-g&s, *. The guiiet
OF, ov, prep. 377. It is put before the substantive
thai follows another in consi ruction, as, i»f thevj part
weic slain ; it is put after comparative and super am e
adjectives, as, the inost dismal and unseasonable time
Of all other ; from, as, I bought it Of him ; concerning,
relating to. as, all ha\ e this sense Of war ; out of, as, \ et
Of this little he had some to spare ; among, as, any
clergyman Of my own acquaintance ; by, as, I was en-
teriauieii Of ihe consul; this sense now not in u»e; au-
cordmg to, as, they do Of right belong to you ; noting
power or spontaneity, as, Ot himself man is conlesscU-
ly unequal to his duty ; noting pro|ierties or qualities,
as, a man Of a decayed fortune, a body Of no colour ;
noung extraction, as, a man Of an aneien. family ; iiot-
iiu aillierence or belonging, as, a Hebrew Of my iribe,
iinting the matter, as, the chariot was Of cedar ; noiing
the motive, as, Of my own choice I undertook this
work ; noting preference or uosiponence, as, 1 do not
like the tower Of any place ; noting change of, as, O
miserable Of happy ! noting casualty, as, good nature
Of necessity will givcallowance; noting proportion, as,
many Of a bundled ; noting kind or spcc.es, as, au af-
fair Of the cabinet ; Of late, lately.
OFF, &', adv. Of this adverb the chief ui-e is to
conjoin it with verbs, as, To come otf, to II. oil, i<>
take i '.V; it is generally op;>oscil to On, as. To l.i\ un,
to laku off; it signifies distance; it signifies ivams-
cence, absenee, or departure ; it signilies an> kind <A
disappointment, defeat, interruption, as, the art'uir u)
oil; trom, not toward ; OH' hand, uot stuaicd..
OFF
355
OLI
»5r 167, n&t 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — 5il 299 — poiiid 313 — tkin 466 — THIS 469.
OFFING, 6f-flng, s. 4!0. The act of steering to a
distance from the land ; deep water off Jie shore.
OFF. if, interject. Depart!
OFF, &f, prep. Koton ; distant from.
OFFAL, &f'-t'h\, s. 88. Waste meat, that which is
not eaten at the table ; carrion, coarse flesh : refuse,
that which is thrown away ; any thing of no esteem.
OFFENCE, &f-f£nse' s. Crime, act of wickedness ;
a transgression ; injury ; displeasure given, cause of dis-
gust; scandal; anger, displeasure conceived; attack,
«ot of the.assailant.
JO" For the elegant sound of the o in offence, offend,
qfltciitl, and their compounds see Occasion and Kfftax,
OFFENCEFUL, i&f-fftnseij'ul, adj. .Injurious.
OFFENCELESS, 6f-f£nsi/l£s, adj. Unoffending,
innocent.
To OFFEND, 6f-f£nd,' v. a. To make angry ; to
assail, to attack ; to transgress, to violate ; to injure.
To OFFEND, &f-f£nd/ v. n. To be criminal, to
transgress the law ; to cause anger ; to commit trans-
gression.
QFFENBER, if-f?nid&r, s. 98.
A criminal, one
vho has committed a crime, transgressor ; one who has
done an injury.
OFFENDUESS, 6f-f4n-dr3s, s. A woman that of-
fends.
OFFENSIVE, &f-f£u£s!v, adj. 158. 423. Causing
anger, displeasing, disgusting ; causing pain, injurious ;
' assailant, not defensive.
OFFENSIVELY, cif-ien-siv-14, adv. Mischievously,
injuriously ; so as to cause uneasiness or displeasure ;
by way of attack, not defensively.
OFFENSIVENESS, ,&f-feuislv-n£s, s. , injunousness,
.,mischief ; cause of disgust.
•To OFFEU, if^fur, v. a. 98. To present to any
one, to exhibit any thing so as that it may be taken or
received; to sacrifice, to immolate; to bid, as a price
or reward ; to attempt, to commence ; to propose.
To OFFER, t>f-fur, »>. n. To be present, to be at
hand, to present itself; to make an attempt.
OFFER, 6t%f&r, s. Proposal of advantage to another ;
;,fiKst advance ; proposal made ; price bid, act of, bidding
* price; attempt, endeavour; something given by way
of acknowledgment.
Of FERER, 6f-fur-r5r, s. One who makes an offer ;
one who sacrifices, or dedicates in worship.
OFFERING, 6f-fCir-rIn^, s. A sacrifice, any thing
immolated, or ofl'ered in worship.
OFFERTORY, &£f£r-t&r-<i, «. 557. The thing of-
fered, the act of offering.
OFFICE, 6l-fis, *. 142. A public charge or em-
ployment ; agency, peculiar use ; business ; particular
employment ; act of good or ill voluntarily tendered ;
I net of worship; formulary of devotions; rooms in a
house appropriated to particular business; j lace where
business is transacted.
OiFICF.R, ^f-f^-sfir, s. 98. A man employed by the
publick; a commander in ihe army ; one who has the
power of apprehending criminals.
OFFICERED, 6£f<l-s&rd, s. 362. Commanded, sup-
plied with commanders.
OFFICIAL, &f-flsh-ul, adj. 88. Conducive, appro-
priate with regard to their use; pertaining to a publick
charge.
OFFICIAL, &f-flsWal, s. Official is that person to
whom the cognizance of rau-es is committed by such as
have ecclesiastical juri -diction. — see Offence.
OFFICIALLY, if-tlsli-al-ti, adv. In a manner be-
longing to office.
OFFICIALTY, 6f-fish-il-t^, $. The charge or post
of an official.
To OFFICIATE, 6f-fish-3-ate, v. a. 542. To give
in consequence of office.
Tn OFFICIATE, of'-fisli-^-ate, v. n. 91. To dis-
charge an office, commonly in worship; to perform an
office for another.
OFFICIOUS, &f-fish-5s, adj. 314. Kind, doing good
offices ; over forward,
OFFICIOUSLY, 6i'-flsh-iis-)^, adv. Kindly, with
unasked kindness; with too great forwardness.
OKKICIOUSNESS, of-fish-frs-nes, j. Forwardness
ttl civility, or respect, or endeavour ; ovpr-farwardnvMi.
OFFSET,
s. Shoot of a plant.
OFFSCOUUING, of-sk6ur-Ing, s. Recrement, part
rubbed away in cleaning any thing.
OFFSPRING, offspring, *. The thing propagated
and generated, children; production of any kind.
To OFFUSCATE, of-fus-katc, v. a. 91. To dim,
to cloud, to darken.
OFFU.$CATION, &f-fus-ka-sh&n, *. The act of dark- »
ening. — See Occasion.
OFT, 5ft, adv. (A poetical word.) Often, frequently,
not rarely.
OFTEN, iPTn, adv. 103. 472. Oft, frequently,
many times.
OFTENTIMES, Sfifn-tlmz, adv. Frequently, many
times, often.
OFTTIMES, oft-timz, adv. In poetry, frequently, of-
OGEE,
s. A sort of moulding in architecture,
consisting of a round and a hollow.
To OGLE, j6-gl, v. a. 406. To view with side glan-
ces, as in fondness.
OGLER, o-gl-&r, *. 98. A sly gazer, one who viewr
by side glances.
OCLIO, i-l£-6, s. 388. A dish made b^ mingling
different kinds of meat, a medley. The Spanish OUa
Podrida.
OH, 6, interject. An exclamation denoting pain, sor-
row, or surprise.
Oil., oil, s. 299. The juice of olives expressed ; any
fat, greasy, .unctuous, thin matter; the juices of cer-
tain vegetables expressed or drawn by the still.
To OlL, iill, V. a. To smear or lubricate with oil.
OlLCOLOUR, 3il-kil-l5r, 4. Colour made by grind-
ing coloured substances in oil.
OlI.INKSS, Sil-le.nls, s. Unctuousness, greasiness,
quality approaching to that of oil.
OiLMAJT, oll-min, s. 88. One who trade* in oili
and pickles.
OlLSHOP, oil-shop, s. A shop where oils and pickles
are sold.
OlLY, 6IW, adj. Consisting of oil, containing oil,
having the qualities of oil; fat, greasy.
OILYGRAIN, olW-grane, s. A plant.
OlLYPALM, olW-pam, S. A tree.
To OlNT, Slut, v. a. 299. To anoint, to smear.
Out of use.
OINTMENT, 6!ntiin£nt, S. Unguent, unctuous mattet
OKER, 6-kur, s. properly OcHRE, 416. A colour.
OLD, old, adj. Past the middle of life, not young ;
of long continuance, begun long ago; not new ; ancient,
not modern; of any specified duration; subsisting b»
fore something else; long practised ; Of old, long ago,
from ancient times.
j£5" This word is liable to the same mispronunciation
as mould, which see.
OLDFASHIONED, old-fisWund, adj. Formed ac-
cording to obsolete custom.
OLDEN, 6l-dn, adj. 103. Ancient. Not used.
OLDNESS, 6ld-n£s, s. Old age, antiquity.
OLEAGINOUS, A-l^-ad-jln-us, adj. Oily, unctuous.
OLEAGINOUSNESS, A-le-idijin-fis-ii^s, s. .'J15.
oHiness.
OLEANDER, A-l^-an^d&r, s. 98. The plant rosebay
OLEASTER, 6-1^-as-tur, s. 98. Wild olive.
OLEOSE, 6-1^-Ase/ adj. Oily.
To OLFACT, ol-fakt; v. a. To smell.
OLFACTORY, ol-fakit&r-£, adj. 557. Having th«
sense of smelling. — For the last o, see Domestic!;.
OLID, ol-lid, > ,.
tiM7j f n, A f ad). Stinking, fetid.
OLIUOUS, olilld-tis, 314. J
OLIGARCHY, ol-l<i-gar-k£, *. 51 9. A form of go,
vcrnmtiit which places the supreme power iu a sniaH
number, arutocracy.
ON
350
ONS
559. Fite 73, fir 77, #11 83, fat Si — mi 9S, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, move 164>
Ot.IO, AMti-A, 5. 113. A mixtnre, a medley.
OLITORY, 51-Ii tir-i, *. 557. Belonging to t>>e
kitchen garden.
Ol.IVASTER, 51-lo-vaiA&r, adjt 98. Darkly brown)
tawny.
Ol.IVE, &Ully, *. 140. A plant producing oil, the
emblem of peace.
OMBRE. &nUb^r, s. 416. A game at cards played
by three
OMEGA,
». 92. The last letter of the
Greek alphabet, therefore taken in the Holy Scripture
for the last.
OMELET. 5rn-llt, *. A Kind of pancake made with eggs.
O.MEN, 6^m£n, *. A'sign good or bad, a prognostic*.
OMENED, o^uiCnd, adj. 359. Containing prog-
nosticks.
OME.NTUM, A-m£n-t&m, 5. The cawl, the double
membrane spread over the entrails ; called also reticu-
Inm, from its structure resembling that of a net.
7'» OMIKATE, 5mim4-nite, v. a. 91. To foreto-
ken, to show prognosticks.
OMINATION, &m-m4-naishfin, j. Prognostick.
OMINOUS, &!)i-mln-6s, atlj. 314. Exhibiting bad
tokens of futurity, foreshowing ill, inauspicious; ex-
hibiting tokens good or ill.
OMINOUSLY, &miinln-nis-l£; adv. With good or
bad omen.
OMINOUSNESS, &m-mln-n&s-n^s, *. The quality
of being-ominous.
OMISSION, A-mlsli-Jm, *.
Neglect to do some-
thing ; neglect of duty, opposed to commission or per-
petration of crimes.
To OMIT, Aitnlt,' v. a. To leave out, not to men-
tion : to neglect to practise.
OMITTANCE, o«-m!t£tanse, *-. Forbearance.
OMNIFARIOUS, 5m-ne-/a-re-&s, adj. Of all varie-
ties of kinds.
OMN1KEROUS, &m-n!fiter-&s, r.dj. 5\g. All-
bearing.
OMNIFICK, Sm-nlfifik, adj. 509. All-creating.
OMNIFORM, omir.^-foim, adj. Hiving every
shape.
OMNIGENOUS, Sm-nldij4-nus> adji. 218. Consist-
ing of all kinds.
OMNIPOTENCE, Sm-n
OMNIPOTENCE 6ra-nlpipA-tC
power, unlimited power.
OMNIPOTENT, Sm-nlpipd-t^nt; adj. Almighty,
t^nse, f
tCn-S^ i
* Almighty
t-fgnifies that which is under, that by which any thing
is supported, which any thing covers, or unere any
thir.tr is fixed; noting addition or accumulation, as,
mischiefs On mischiefs ; noting a stale of progression*
a»,.wtiiiher On thy way ? noting dependence or reliance,
as, On God's providence their hopes depend ; at, not-
ing place; it denotes the motive or occasion of any
thing ; ft denotes the time at which any thing happens,
as, this happened «>n the first day ; in forms of denun-
ciation it is put before the tHh>g threatened ; noting in-
vocation ; noting- stipulation or condition.
ON, &n, fitlr. Forward, in succession ; forward,
in progression ; in continuance, without erasing ; up
on the body, as part of dress ; it notes-resolution to ad-
vance.
ON, 6n, interject. A word of encitcment or ei>-
eouragement.
ON6E, winse, adv. 165. One time; a single time ;
the same time; one time, though no more; at the
time immediate : foimerly, at a former time.
ONE, W&n, atlj. 165. Less thai, two, single, de-
noted by an unit: indefinitely, any ; different, diverse,
opposed to Another; One of two, opposed to the o-
ther ; particularly one.
85" This word and its relatives, cmce and rtmtc, are per
haps the best tests of a residence in the capital. In some
parts of the island they are pronounced so as to give the
o the sound it has in tone, sometimes the sound it has in
gone; but the true sound is that it has in ton, done, <Vc.
which is perfectly equivalent to the sound T>f u in sun. I
never could make a northern inhabitant of England pro-
nounce the following sentence without the greatest itiffi-
cully : " I have won one game, and you have won none
you have not won once, and that is wonderful." Where
we may observe that the o in von, is the exact sound it
has in one, once, and wonderful.
0NE, wun, s. A. single person ; a single mass cr
aggregate; the first hour; the same thing; a person ;
a person by way of eminence; a distinct or particular
- person ; persons united ; concord, agreement, one
mind; any person, any man indefinitely: One has
sometimes a plural, when it stands for persons indefi-
nitely, as. the great Ones of the world.
ONE-EYED, w filicide, udj. £83. Having only
one eye.
ONEIISOCRITICAI,, A-nl-rA-krlt-t<*-kal, adj. pro-
)>cr!y Onirocritical. InU rpictathe of dreams.
ONFIROCKITICK, A nl-io-krlt-tik, s. An interpre-
ter < f drean s.
ONKNESS, w&n-n£s, .«. Unity; the quality of be-
ing one.
ONKRARY,
lj. 512. Fitted for car-
powerful without limit.
OMNIPRESENCE, Sm-ni-pre^e'ijse, s. Ubiquity,
unbounded presence.
|f^- All the orthocpists I have consulted (as far as-can
be gathered from their notation and accentuation ) make
the penultimate e in this word short, as in the word pret-
ence, except Mr. Sheridan. That it is not pronounecd eu-
i-l i tic ally like omnipotence, 513. 518. arises, perhaps, from
the number of consonants in the latter syllables; and as
this is the case, it seems most agreeable to the nature of
our composition to pronounce presence in this word, in
the same manner as when it is taken singly ; just as we
pronounce theatre in the word amphitheatre, with die ac-
cent on the antepenultimate, though the accent is on the
penultimate, and the vowel is long, iii the Latin amp/ii-
t/iriitritm.
OMNIPRESENT, Am-neUpr£2i£nt. adj. Ubiquitsiry,
present in every place.
OMNISCIENCE, om-nlsh-^-ens*, V
OMNISCIENCY, Am-nlsl,^-^n-^, f * Boundless
knowledge, infinite wiydoin.
OMNISCIENT, Am-nlsh^-£nt, ailjt Infinitely wi*,
kn.'wing without bounds.
OMSISCIOUS. Am-nlshifis. adj. 292. Alt-knowing.
OMMVOUOUS, Am-niv-vA-riis, udj 518. All-de-
••oiiriii',-.
OMPHALOPTICK, &m fa-lop-iik, * 509. An op-
tirk g'-ass that is convex on both siili-s commonly call- f
r.1 a convex lens. ONSLAUGHT, Oil-slaw t, S. Attack, storm, OMeU
ON, on, ]>rt-j>ositi<tn. It u put U-i-it the word which \ Not u'*'tL
riage IT burdens.
To ONEUATJE, 6n-ner-rate, v. a. 91. To load, to
burden.
0NfRATION, on-n£r-aisl)&n, s. Theact of loading.
ONEROUS, 6'n-n£r-&s, adj. 314. Buidciieome; op-
pressive.
ONION, &n-yfin, s. 113. 165. A plant.
ONLY, 6n< £le, nilj. Single, one and no more ; this
and no other ; this above ail other, as, he is the Only
man for musick.
©•NtY, (*nt-l^, adv. Simply, singly, merely, barely ;
so and no otherwise; singly without more, as, Only
begotten.
ONOMANCY, AninA-mSn-sii, s. 519. A divination
by names.
ONOMANTICAL, &n-nA-mAn^t»l-kal, adj. Preiiict-
irg by names.
ONOMATOPOEIA, &n-o-rrat-A p&y3, s. In Gram-
mar or Rhetohck, a figure of speech wtenby names
and words are formed to the rcscmblajicc of the «ound
made by the things signified.
ft5" This word'is formed from the Greek tteuit, name,
ani! TO,!!. Jingo, I make or feign. Thus is the word triij-ue-
trar/f formed from the M&C ma''e by moving the men at
this game; and from the same source arises the buzzing
of bees, the grunting of hogs, the cackling of hens, the
ing
snnrinf of people asleep, the clusliinf; of arms, &c. The
surest etymologies are those derived from the onomato-
poeia.
ONSET, &ni*>£t, t. Attack, atiault, first brunt.
OPII
357
OPP
nor 167, nit 163— t&be 171, t&b I 72, bfill L73 — oil 299— pound 313 — linn 466— THit 469.
T, on-tol-lA\jist, ». Ohe whn considers ©PHTHALMICK, op-Mal-mlk, adj. Relating to th«
the affections of being in general, a metaphysician. | eye.
ONTOLOGY, on-toWo-j^, ». 518. The science of fc> Two aspirations in succession, says Mr. Etnhin-
the affections of being in general, metaphysicks. , J^'o^}}^'*}^0!!^^!^ "unk"8 Th^\/inhthonf and
ONWARD, on-ward. adv. 88. Forward, progres- triphthong are pronounced dipthong and tripthong. P
sively ; in a state of advanced progression ; something is lost as well as h in apophthegms and therefore it n no
farther. , wonder we hear the first h dropped in ophthalmy and
ONYCHA, on-n£ ka, j. 353. 92. The odoriferous ophihalmick, which is the pronunciation 1 have adopted
snail or shell, and the stone named onyx. ; ™ agreeable to analogy. Nay, such an aversion do we
r» ,». t. " ?i -™. i „ -j seem to have to a succession of aspirates, that the A is
UWX, o-nlks, S. Jhe on\x is a semipellucid gem, sunk in i,t/,mufi father, and Demosthenes, because the i,
of which ttiere are several species. i which is akin to the aspiration, immediately precedes.
OoZE, ooze, .«. 306'. Soft mud, mire at tHe bottom ' Mr. Sheridan pronounces the first syllable of this word
of water, slime ; soft flow, spring; the liquor of a tan- like °ff> btlt the i first of diphthong and hi/ihtlong, like
tier's vat. dip and trip. Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, and Mr. Perry,
rr, /-»',,_ »•». „, ., have not got this word, but pronounce diphthong and
ToOo/E.ooze.tf.n. To flow by stealth, to run gently. ,r)y,,/,0)£, in the same manner as Mr. .Sheridan. l>r.
Oo/Y, OO-Z^, adj. Miry, muddy, slimy. I Kenrick also wants tHe word ; he gives no pronunciation
To OPAFATF (Cn-'iikatp « n in-* TV. «ha,u in to diphthong, but makes (he* silent in triphthong-
J.o WPACATE, °-P'l-Kale» V. n. i>03. lo shade, K>wni|e^ Barclay pronounces the K in ophthalmic*, but
darken, makes it either way in diphthong, ami silent in triph-
OPACITY, <Vpa'b-sei-ter4. Cloudiness, want of trans- thong. It may be remarked, that Dr.. Jones, who wrote
Spelling Dictionary in Queen Anne's time, made the A
pareney
in these two words silent.
OPACOUS, (Vpa-kfis, adj. 314. Dark, obscure, not „
transparent. | OPHTHALMY, op-Mal-me, *. A disease of the eyes.
OPAL, 6-pa'l, j. 88. A precious stone reflecting va- OPIATE, 6-p^-at, 4. 91. A medicine that causes
rious colours. sleep
OPAQUE, 6-pake,' adj. 337. 415. Not transpa- OPIATE, 6-p^-at, adj. 91. Soporifcrous, narcotick.
rent, dark, cloudy.
To OPE, 6pe, v. a. Poetically for to open.
T» OPEN, 6-pn, «.•. a. 103. To unclose, to unlock,
the contrary to Shut ; to show,, to discover; to divide,
to break : to explain, to disclose; to In gin.
To OPE, 6pe, ? v. n. To unclose, not to
To OPEN, oipn, 103. 3 remain shut; a term of
hunting, when hounds give the cry.
OPE, -ope, )
n \r ina f cdi. Unclosed, not shut;
OPEN, o-pn, 1O3. \
plain, apparent; not wearing disguise, artless, sincere;
not clouded, clear ; exposed to view ; uncovered ; ex-
posed, without defence; attentive.
OPENER, 6-pn-ur, s. 98. One that opens, one that
unlocks, one that uncloses; explainer, interpreter; that
which separates, disuniter.
OPENEYED, 6'pn-iile, adj. 283. Vigilant, watchful.
OPENUANDED, 6-pn-hand-£d, adj. Generous, li-
beral.
OPENHEARTED, 6-pn-liart-5d', attj. Generous,
candid, not meanly subtle.
OPENHEARTEUNESS, 6-pn-bart^d-n&>, s. Libe-
rality, munificence, generosity.
OPENING, 6£pn-lng, «. 41O. Aperture,, breach ;
discovery at a distance, faint knowledge, dawn.
OPENLY, 6^pn-14, tdn. PubhcMy, not secretly, in
sight ; plainly, apjiarently, evidently, without disguise.
OPENMOUTHED, 6"-pn-mouTHd,' adj. Greedy, ra-
venous.
OPENNESS, 6-pn-n£s,,s. Plainness, clearness, free-
dom from obscurity or ambiguity ; freedom from dis-
guise.
OPERA, op-p£r ri, s. 92. A poetical tale or fic-
tion, represented bv vocal and instrumental musick.
OPERABLE, 6p-p£r-a bl, adj. 405. To be done,
practicable.
OPERANT, op-ptV rant, adj. Active, having power
to produce any t fleet.
To OPERATE, op-pfr ate, v. n. 91. To act, to
have agency, to produce (fleets.
OPERATION, op-pOrr.Ush&n, 4. Agency, produc-
tion of effects, iiillutiKw;- aciion, effect ; in chirurgery,
that part of the ait of healing which depends on the
use of instrument* ; the motions or employments of an
army.
OPERATIVE. op-piV-ri-tiv, adj. 512. Having
the power of acting, having forcible agency.
OPERATOR. 6p-p6r ra-tOr, s. 321. One that per-
forms any act of the hand, one who-pvoducesany effect.
OPEHOSE. op-p^r-rosi^ adj. Laborious.
OPHITES, 6-li-tlz. 4. A stone. Ophites has a dusky
greenish ground, with spots of a lighter greeu.
To OPINE, 6-plne,' v. n. To think, to judge.
OPINIATIVE, o-p1ni)^-a-tW. adj. 113. Stiff in a
preconceived notion ; imagined, not proved.
OPINIATOU, 6-pln-ye-a-t&r, s. 521. One fond ol
his own notion. Little used.
OPINIATBE, A-pIn-yi-5-t^r, adj. 416. Obstinate,
stubborn. A French word little used.
OPINIATRETY, A-pIn-yi S-tr4-t4, j. Obstinacy,
inflexibility, determination of mind.
OPINION, 6-pln-y&n, *. 113. 550. Persuasion of'
the mind, without proof ; sentiments, judgment, no-
tion ; favourable judgment.
OPINIONATED, o-pln-y&ii-a-t^d, adj. Attached
to certain opinions. ,
OPINION ATlVE, A plniyfin-na-tlv, adj. 512. Fond
of preconceived notions.
OPINIONIST, 6-piniyfin-nIst, 4. One fond of hit
own notions.
OPIUM, 6^pe-&m, *-. A medicine used to-promort
sleep.
OPPIDAN, &p-p£-dan, J. A townsman, an inhabt-
tant of a town.
To OPPIGNERATE, 6p-p1g-ii§r-rate, v. a. To
pledge, to pawn.
OPPILATION, 6p-p£-laish&n, s. Obstruction, rnafc
ter heaped together.
OPPONENT, op-p6£n£nt, adj. Opposite, adverse.
OPPONENT, 6p-p6in^nt, s. Antagonist, adversary •
one who begins the dispute by raising objections to a
tenet.
OPPORTUNE, 6p-p6r-tfine/ adj. Seasonable, conve-
nient, fit, timely.
OPPORTUNELY, op-por-t6neiltJ, adv. Seasona-
bly, conveniently, with opportunity either of time of
place.
OPPORTUNITY, 5p-p5r tii-n^-t^, &. Fit place or
time, convenience, suitableness of circumstances to any
end.
To OPPOSE, Op-p6zt { v. a. To act against, to b«
adverse, to hinder, to resist ; to put in opposition U>
offer as an antagonist or rival ; to place as an obstacle ;
to place in front.
J£p- The o in the first sylkble of this word has th«
same tendency to a long open sound as in occasion. The
same may be observed of oppress and its compounds-
See Occasion and KJIace.
To OPPOSE, 6p-pozf,' »). n. To act adversely ; to
object in a disputation, to have the part of raising dif-
ficulties.
OPPOSELESS, Sp-poze'l3s. adj. irresistible, not t«
be opposed.
OPPOSKU, op-poizur, s. 98. One that opposes, ao.
OPT
358
QUA
559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fat 8! — mi 93, mil 95— pine 105, pin 107— 116 162, m«We 164,
OPPOSITE, 6p-pi-zlt, adj. 156. Placed in front,
facing each other ; adverse, repugnant ; contrary.
OPPOSITE, 6p-pA zlt, j. 156. Adversary, oppo-
ncnt, antagonist.
OPPOSITELY, 6p£pi-z!t-l<*. adv. In such a situa-
tinn as to face each other ; adversely.
OPPOSITKNESS, &p-pd-zit-n&>, .4. The state of be-
in"; opposite.
OPPOSITION, &p-pi-7lshi&n, s. Situation, so as to
front something opposed ; hostile resistance ; contra-
riety of affection ; contrariety of interest ; contrariety
of measures ; contrariety of meaning.
To OPPRESS, &p-pr£s/ v. a. To crush by hard-
ship, or unreasonable severity ; to overpower, to sub-
due— See Oppote.
OPPRESSION, 6p-pr£shi&n, s. The act of oppress-
ing, cruelty, severity; the state of being oppressed,
misery : hardship, calamity ; dulness of spirits, las i-
tude of body.
OPPRESSIVE. &p-pr£sislr, adj. rruel, inhuman,
unjustly cxactious or severe; heavy, overwhelming.
OPPRESSOR, 6p-pr£sis&r, s. 98. One who harasses
others with unjust severity.
OPPROBRIOUS, &p-pr<Wiri-&s, adj. Reproachful,
disgraceful ; causing infamy.
OPPROBRIOUSLY, 6p-pr6it>r£-&s-W,ar/j>. Reproach-
fully, scurrilously.
OPPHOBHIOUSNESS, 4p-priibr£-&s-nls, *. Re-
proachfulness, scurrility.
To OPPUGN, &p-punr,' t;. a. 386. To oppose, to
attack, to resist.
OPPL'GNANCY, &p-p&g-nan-s4, s. Opposition.
OPPUGNER, Sp-piine^fir, s. One who opposes or
attacks.
Jf5- Mr. Sheridan Bounds the g in this word, though
not in the verb from which it is formed ; but that tliis is
contrary to analogy, see Principles, No. 386.
OPSIMATHY, ip-sImii-tAe, s. 518. An educa-
tion begun late in life ; knowledge or learning acquired
in age.
OPTABLE, 6j>rta-bl, adj. 405. .Desirable, to lx>
*ished.
OPTATIVE, ftp£ta-tlv, or 6p-taitiv, adj. 505.
Expressive of desire ; the name of that mood of a verb
which expresses desire.
5^5* Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ash, Mr. Scott,
Entick, Barclay, and Buchanan, accent this word on the
first syllable; and Dr. Kenrick, Bailev, W.Johnston, and
Mr. Perry, on the second. That the last Is more general,
iiarticularly in Grammar schools, will be readily acknow-
ledged ; but that the first is more correct and agreeable
to analogy, cannot be denied : for this word is not so na-
turally derived from the classical optatut, as the lower
Latin pptativta : and why this word should transfer its
penultimate accent to the first syllable of the Knglish
word, maybe seen under the words Academy, liicgm-
faralle, dc.
Upon a more mature recollection of the analogies of
the language, I am stjll more convinced of the justness
of the deci>ion on the accentuation of this word. A cri-
tic, with whom I lately conversed ujion it, contended that
the accent ought to be upon the a, because it was on that
letter in the preterperfect tense of the verb opto, optavi.
I desired him to put his argument into form, and tell me
whether all words of this termination were to have the
same accent as in the preterperfect tense of the verb.—
Here he could go no farther : 1 could have immediately
Confronted him with tentative, from tento, tentavif with
negative, from nego, negavi; with vocative, from two,
voaiv'u and twenty other examples, which would have
•Down the weakness of his reasoning; and yet th.s critic
U a real scholar, a man of good sense and great acuteness.
— See Principles, No. 503. on the influence of the Greek
Bii.l Latin arcent on that of the English ; No; 5/H, on the
influence of the Greek and Latin quantity on that of the
English; and No. 512, on the terminations ative and
atory.
OPTICAL, &p£t£-k&l, t. 88. Relating to the sci-
ence of opticks.
OPTICIAN, &p-tlshi&n, s. 357. One skilled in op-
ticks.
SOPTICK, ftr/tlk, adj. Visual, producing vision, sub-
servient to vision ; relating to the science of vision.
OPTICK, op-tlk, s. An instrument of sight, an or-
gan of sight.
OrriCKS, ftp^tlks, t. The science of the nafini
and laws of vision.
OPTIMACY, up-t£-mA-s£, s. Mobility, body of no-
bles.
OPTIMITY, ip timiin^-ti, *. The state of being
best.
OPTIMISM, ipUe-mlzm, *. The doctrine or opi-
nion that every thing in nature is ordered for the beit.
OPTION, ip-sh&n, 5. Choice, election.
OPULENCE, ipipfi-ldnse, ) *. Wealth, riches,
OPULENCY, Api-pu-ldu-si*, ^ affluence.
OPULENT, Apip6-l£nt, adj. Rich, wealthy, affluent.
'OPULENTLY, J>p-p&-l&it-Ie, adv. Ridily, with
splendour.
OR, 5r, cor\j. 167. A disjunctive particle, mark-
ing distribution, and sometimes opposition ; it corres-
ponds to Either, he must Either fall Or fly ; before,
Or ever, before ever. In this last sense obsolete.
ORACLE, &r-ra>kl, s. 168. 405. Something deli-
vered by supernatural wisdom ; the place where, or
pcr>on of whom, the determinations of heaven are en-
quired ; any person or place where certain decisions are
obtained ; one famed for wisdom.
ORACULAR, A-rak4ju-iar, 7 ,-,..«,
ORACULOUS, A-rikik6-l&s, $ •* \
ing oracles, resembling oracles.
X)RAeULOUSLY, 'A-rak£k&-lus-l<*, adv. In man-
ner of an oracle.
ORACULOUSNESS, A-rakiku -lus-n£s, s. The state
of being oracular.
ORAISON, Ar-r£-z&n, s. Prayer, verbal supplica-
tion.— See Orison.
•ORAL, A-ral, adj. 88. .Delivered by mouth, not
written.
ORALLY, &£ral-l£, adv. By mouth, without writing.
ORANGE, Ar-rlnje, s. 90. The orange tree, the
fruit of the tree.
ORANGE, orinnje, adj. Belonging to an orange, of
the colour of an orange.
•ORANGERY, bTT£wn'-zh&r-&, s. (-French.} Plan.
tat ion of oranges. — See Encore.
ORANGEMUSK, &r-rTnje-mfisk, s See Pear, of
which it is a species.
ORANGE-WOMAN, 6r-riiije-wum-5n, s. One who
sells oranges.
ORATION, A-ra-shun, s. A speech made accord-
ing to the laws of rheiorick.
ORATOR, Srira-t&r, s 1 68. 503. A public spea-
ker, a man of eloquence ; petitioner. This sense is
used in addresses to chancery.
ORATORIAL, 6r-a-to-r<i al, adj. 92. Rhetorical,
florid.
&5> I have inserted this word, though omitted by al-
most all our lexicographers, because lliave met with it
in authors of reputation. Dr. Foster, in, his Treatise on
Accent and Quantity, says, " The connexion of this,
which may be called the oratorial accent, with the sylla-
bic, and the subordination of them to each other, how-
ever difficult it may appear, is yet easy in practice." page
23. Other good authorities, for this word might have
been adduced, but the other adjective oratorical, though
not so justly formed, seems generally to be preferred. I
have sometimes made the experiment on people, whose
ears were nicely set to pure English pronunciation, by
proposing to them for their choice the adjectives orato
lialor oratorical, and have always found them to prefer
the latter. This may, in some measure, arise from sup-
posing the former might be considered as the adjective
of oratorio, but seems rather to be occasioned by too great
a plenitude and rotunditv of sound, which is not agree-
able to the genius of our language: for if we regard de-
rivation only, the adjective ought to be oratorial, as de-
rived immediately from the Latin oratorms, in the same
manner as from rtietot icut U fonned rhetorical.
ORATORICAL, Ar-ra-t&rini-kal, adj. Rhetorical,
befitting an orator.
ORATORIO, 6r-a-tA-re-A, s. An Italian word, used
to signify a kind of sacred drama, generally taken from
the Scriptures, and set to music.
ORATORY, irira-tiir £, s. 557. Eloquence, rhe-
torical skill; exercise of eloquence; a private plae*
which is deputed and allotted for prayer aloua.
OR£> 359 OKI
n3r 167, nit 163— tfibe 171, tfib 172, bfill 173—51) 299— pound 313— thin 466— THIS 4C9
ORB, 5rb, s. Sphere, orbicular body, circular body ;
mundane sphere, celestial body; wheel; any rolling
body; circle, line drawn round; chele described by
any of the mundane spheres; period, revolution of
time ; sphere of action.
OllBATION, 6V-ba-sl){in, J. Privation of parents or
children.
OHBED,
' / "i-bl ' \
Kound» ci«:u'ar>
orbicular ; formed into a circle ; rounded.
OKBICULAR, or-blnikii-lar, a<tj. 88. Spherical;
circular.
ORBICULARLY, Sr-blkikh lar-l<*, adv. Spherically,
circularly.
ORBICULARNESS, Sr-blkikh-lar-n^s, *. The state
of being orbicular.
ORBICULATED, or-blk-ki la-t£d, adj. Moulded
into an orb.
OllBlT, orM>It, s. The line described by the revolu-
tion of a planet.
OllBlTY, or-b^-t£, s. Loss, or want of parents or
children.
ORC, ork, *. A sort of sea-fish.
ORCHAL, or-kil, s. 88. A stone fromwhich a blue
colour is made.
ORCHANET, orika-n3t, s. An herb.
ORCHARD, oritshurd, s. 88. A garden of fruit-
trees.
ORCHESTRE, 3rik3s t&r, s. 416. The place where
the musicians are set at a publick show.
J£5* This word is accented on the first syllable by Dr.
Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ash, Mr. Scott, Mr. Nares,
Buchanan, Entick, Perry, and Barclay; and by Mr.
Bailey and W. Johnston on the second ; and by Dr. Ken-
rick on either. The first mode has not only the majority
of votes in its favour, but is agreeable to the general ana-
logy of words of three syllables, which, when not of our
own formation, commonly adopt the antepenultimate ac-
cent. The exception to this rule will be found under the
next word.
ORCHESTRA, or-kgs-tri, s. 503. A part of the
theatre appropriated to the musicians.
J£5« Dr. Johnson has preferred the French orchestre, to
theLatin orchestra, and the Greek i(%f,<rT(»; but as we
find the latter spelling and pronunciation universally a-
dopted ; anil as we take almost every other term of art
rasher from the Greek than any other language, I have
ventured to insert it in that dress, after Chambers, and
lome other very respectable authors.
This word is accented on the first syllable by Dr. Ash,
Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, Entick, and Bare-lay ; but Mr. Nares
says it is accented oh the second, as I have given it. For
notwithstanding the numbers against me, the very gene-
ral rule is on my side; which is, that when we adopt a
word whole from the Latin or Greek, it ought to have
the same accent as in those languages. — See Principles,
No. 503.
To ORDAIN, or-dane/ v a. To appoint, to decree ;
to establish, to institute; to set in an office; to invest
with ministerial function, or sacerdotal power.
ORDAINER, 3r-daiie-&r, s. 98. He who ordains.
OH DEAL, oVi(.!£-al, or or-je-ul, s. 263. A trial
by fire or water, by which the person accused appealed
to heaven, by walking blindfold over hot bars of iron,
or being thrown into the water.
ORDER, or-d&r, s. 98. Method, regular disposi-
tion: proper state; regularity, settled mode; man-
date, precept, command ; n U-, regulation j regular go-
vernment ; a society of dignified persons distinguished
by marks of honour; a rank or class; a religious fra-
ternity; in the plural, hierarchical state; means to an
. end; "measures, care; in architecture, a system of the
several members, ornaments, and proportions of co-
lumns and pilasters.
Jo ORDER, or-d&r, J-. a. 9H. To regulate, to ad-
just, to manage, to conduct ; to methodise, to dispose
fitly : to direct, to command.
OuDEKEK, or-dur-tir, s. .557. One that orders, me-
thodises, or regulates.
OKDEKLESS, or-dur les, adj. Disorderly, out of
rule.
ORDERLINESS, oi--d6r-le-n.es, s. Regularity, me-
thtxUcalimh
ORDERLY, o'r-dfir-te, adj. Methodical, regular
well regulated ; according with established method.
ORDERLY, or-dur-lt*, adv. Methodically, accord-
ing to order, regularly.
ORDINABLE, tVd£-n£-bl, adj. 435. Such as may
be appointed.
ORDINAL, or'di-nal, adj. 88. Noting order.
ORDINAL, ori-d^-nll, s. A ritual, a book contain-
ing orders.
ORDINANCE, rjr-d^nlnse, s. taw, rule, prescrrpf ;
observance commanded ; appointment. VVhen it s-g-
nifies cannon, it Is now generally written for distinc-
tion, Ordnance, and pronounced in two syllables.
ORDINARILY, 5r-de-ni\ ri-le1, adv. According to
established rules, according to settled method; com-
monly, usuallv.
ORDINARY, or-dt*-na-r£, or ord-na-ri, adj.
Established, methodical, regular; common, usual;
mean, of low rank ; ugly, not handsome, as, she is an
Ordinary woman.
55- Though it is allowable in .colloquial pronuncia-
tion to drop the i in this word, and pronounce it in three
s\llalik's; in solemn speaking the i must be heard dis-
tinctly, and the word must havefour syllables. — See Prin-
ciples", No. 374.
ORDINARY, cV-de-na r£, 5. Established judge o<
ecclesiastical causes; settled establishment ; actual and
constant office.
ORDINARY, ord-na-r£, s. Regular price of a meal ;
a place of eating established at a certaiti price.
J£^> The Hs never heard when the word is used in this
sense.
To ORDINATE, or'de-nate. v. a. To appoint.
ORDINATE, 5r-d£-nat*, adj. 91. Regular, metho-
dical.
ORDINATION, or-de-na-sli&n, s. Established or-
der or tendency ; the act of investing any man with
sacerdotal power.
ORDNANCE, ord-nAnse, s. Cannon, great gum.
ORDONNANCE, or-d&n-nanse, 4. Disposition o(
figures in a picture.-
ORDURE, orijiire, s. 294. 3^6. Dung, filth.
ORE, ore, S. Metal unrefined, metal yet in its mi-
neral state.
ORGAN, origan, s. Natural instrument, as, the
tongue is the Organ of speech ; an instrument of musick
consisting of pipes filled with wind, and of stops touch-
ed by the hand.
ORGANICAL, or-ganin^-kal, 7 ..
> t i 21 r,Sr. C a"J. Consisting
ORGANICK, or-gftuinlk, 509. }
of various parts co-operating with each other; instru-
• mental, acting as instruments of nature or art; respect-
ing organs.
ORGANICALLY, or-gan-n^-kiU-14, adv. By meam
of organs or instruments,
ORGANICALNESS, or gunine-ki\!-n£s, 5. State 01
being organical.
ORGANISM, origl-nlsin, s. Organical structure.
ORGANIST, Srigl-nlst, & One who plays on the
organ.
ORGANIZATION, Sr-ga-ne'-za-shCin, s. Construc-
tion in which the parts aie so disposed as to bo subser-
vient to each other
To ORGANIZE, c'riga-nlze, v. a. To construct so
as that one part co-opera- es with another.
ORGANLOrr, or-giu-16ft, S. The loft where the
organ stands.
ORGANPIPE, origin-pipe, *. The pi]>e of a mu-
sical organ.
ORGASM, or-g?izm, s. Sudden vehemence.
ORGIES, or-j^ze, *. Mad rites of Bacchus, fiautick
revels.
ORIENT, 6-re-£nt, adj. 505. Rising as the sun ;
eastern, oriental ; bright, shining.
OlUKNT, o-r<* Out, s. The east, the part where the
sun first appears.
ORIENTAL, o-r^-^n-tal, adj. Eastern, placed in th«
east, piocecding from the east.
OUP
360
OST
559. Wte 73. fir 77, fill 83. fat 81 — mi 93, nv?t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 164,
ORIENTAL, A-r<*-£n-ta1, *. A» inhabitant of the
eastern parts of the world.
ORIENTALISM, A-re.£n-ta-lizm, «. An rdiom of
the eastern languages, nil eastern mode of speech.
ORIENTALITY, A rWn-iil-lti-t^, *. state of be-
ing oriental.
OlUFICE, or-ni-fls, *. 142. 163. Any opening or
perforation.
OaiGAN, Ari^.gan, s. 88. Wild marjoram.
ORIGIN, iriri-jln, 7
i i i/- 1 ti » *rv r *• Beginning,
ORIGINAL, A-rldi)»*-nal, 17O. 5
first existence; fountain, source, that which g ires be-
ginning or existence ; first copy, archetyi* ; derivation,
descent.
ORIGINAL, A-rld-ji-nal, adj. 170. PrimitiTe, pri»-
tine, first.
ORIGINALLY, A rUij4-nal-l£,a<ft>. Primarily, with
regard to the first cause ; at fir^t ; as, the first author.
ORIGINALNESS, o-rld-j«*-ual-n&>, *. The quality
or state of being original.
ORIGINARY, A-rid-j^-na-r5, adj. Productive,
causing existence: primitive, in the first state.
To ORIGINATE, o-rldi£-nate, v. a. To bring into
existence.
OllIGINATION, OM-ld j&-na4sli6n, >. The act of
bringing into existence.
ORISON, 6rir£-zun, s. 168. A prayer, a suppHca-
ti n.
Jrt- Mr. Sheridan has adopted the oMier spelling from
therreneh <mx«on;,but Dr. Johnson, and all the writers
he quotes, spell the word in the manner f have done. Dr.
Johnson tells us this word is variously accented ; that
Shakespeare has the accent both on the first and second
tvllables, Milton and Crashaw on the first, aud others on
die second.
" The fair •i>heHa! Nymph, In thy oritoiu
" Be all mj sins remembered." HamUt.
44 Are heavy orison* 'gainst this poor wretch." Henry K.
" My wakeful lay shall knock
" At Ih' oriental gates, and duly mock
•• The early lark's shrill oruani to he
" An anthem at the day's nativity." Crathan.
«• His daily oritnnt attract our ear*.** Sautlijt.
" I.owly they bow'd adoring, and began
" Their oriima each morning ikily paid." ttiUan.
" So went he on with his orifoiu;
" Which, if you mark them well, were wise ones." Cotton.
" Here, at dead of night,
" The hermit oft 'mid his oritnin hears
•* Aghast the voice of time disparting tow'rs.'* Dyer.
" The midnight clock attests mv. fervent pray'n,
** The rising sun my oruwu declare*." H.frte.
Mr. Nares tells us he has no doubt that Milton's accen-
tuation is right. This too is my opinion. Poets are not
the best authorities, even when they are unanimous: but
much worse when they differ from others, and even from
themselves. We must therefore leave them the liberty of
accenting both ways, either for the sake of the verse, the
rhyme, the humour, or the affectation of singularity, and
bring our reason for accenting this word in prose on the
first syllable, from the very general rule in Principles,
No. 5' 3. Accordingly, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Sheridan,
Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick. Buchanan, W. .Min-Ux>, Bar.
clay. Bailey, Perry, and Entick, uniformly place the accent
on the first syllable ; and Dr. Ash says it is sometimes ac-
cented on the second.
ORNAMENT, or-na-m&it, s. Embellishment, deco-
ration ; honour, that which confers dignity.
OilNAMENTAL, or-na-m£i)iial, adj. 88. Serving
to decoration, giving embellishment.
ORNAMENTALLY, or-na- n.&iital-I**, adv. In «uch
a manner as may confer embellishment.
ORNAMENTED, 6rina-iii£n-t£d, adj. Embellished,
bedecked.
ORNATE, urinate, adj. 91. Bedecked, decorated,
fine.
OKI-HAN, orifan, *. 88. A child who has lost fa-
ther or muther, o- both.
OltPHAN, or-fan, ailj. Bereft of patenU.
OllFHANAGE, orifan-Idje, 90. J 4. Siate of an or-
OttJ'HAMaM. or-tan-iii«n, 5 P"311'
ORriMENT, orip^-mlnt, .«. A kind of mineral, tht
yellow arsenick, used by painters as. a gold colour.
ORPINE, or-pln, s. 14O. Rose root.
ORRERY, or'rOr-r^, s. 168. An instrument whirl*,
by many com pResle* movements represents the revo-
lutions of the heavenly bcxlics.
ORRIS, or-rls, s. A plant and flower.
ORTHODOX, 6r^/(A-d6ks, <nlj. 503. Sound to
opinion and doctrine, not heretical.
ORTHODOXLi', or-iAA-doks-le, adv. With sound-
ness of opinion.
ORTHODOXY, orif/io-dok-se, s. 517. Soundnew
in opinion and doctrine.
ORTHODROMICKS, 5r-rtA-dr5miiks, «. Th« art m
sailing in the arc of some gieat circle, which is the
shortest or straightcst dist nice between airy two points
on the surface of the globe.
OftTHOEPlST, or'/A6-<i-plst, f. One who is skil-
led in orthoepy.
ORTHOEPY, ori/Ad-^-pi, j. 519. The right pro-
nunciation of words.
55" It 's not a little surprising that so few of our Dic-
tionaries of pronunciation have inserted this word, so pe.
culiarly appropriated to the subject they have treated. It
is regularly derived from the (ireek t^Bei-riia, and is as
necessary to our language as orthography, orthodoxy, ic.
Mr. Elphinston and Mr. Nares place the accent on th«
first sylrable of this word, as I have done.
ORTHOGON, 8r-//i6-gon, s. A rectangled figaro.
ORTHOGONAL, or-rt6g-go-tiAl, adj. Rectangular.
ORTHOGRAPHER, 6r-//iogigraf-f6r, s. One who
spells according to the rules of grammar.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL, or - tlA- grif - fi - kil, adj.
Rightly spelled ; relating to !he spelling.
ORTHOGRAFHICALLY, or tAo-grai-ii-kal-l^, ado.
According to the rules of spelling.
ORTHOGRAPHY, or <Aog-gra-t£, *. 513. The part
of grammar which teaches how words should be spel-
led ; the art or practice of spelling; the elevation of a
building delineated.
ORTIVE. or-tiv, adj. 157 Relating to the rising of
any planet or star.
ORTOLAN, orito Ifin, s. 88. A small bird account-
ed very delicious.
OKTS, orts, s. Refuse, that which is left.
OSCILLATION. &s-s]I4a-sh&n, s. The act of mov-
ing backward and forward like a pendulum.
OSCILLATORY, 6s sii-lA-tflr-re, adj. Moving back-
ward and forward like a pendulum.
OsCITANCY, 6sis6-tao s«^, s. The act of yawning;
unusual sleepiness, carelessness.
OsCITANT, &s-s«i taut, adj. Yawning, unusually
sleepy ; sleepy, slupgish.
OsciTATION, &s-s^ ta-sli&n, s. The act of yawning.
OsiER, o^zli(?r, s. 451. A tree of the willow kind,
growing by the water.
OSPUAY, os-pra, A1. The sea-eagle.
OssiCLE, u-A-lk-kl. s. 4O5. A small bone.
OssiFICK, os-sif-fik, adj, 509. Having the powt?r
of milking bones, or changing canieous or membran-
ous to bony substance.
Ossil'K^ATION, 6s-se-l^-kaisl)fin, s. Change o/
carneuus. membranous, or cartilaginous, into bony
substance.
OsSJFRAGE, &S-se-fVadje, 4 A kind of eagle.
To OssiFY, os-st^-fl, v. a 183. To change into
lx>ne.
OssivoROL'S, 6s slvivi-rtis, adj. 518. Devouring
bones.
OsTENSrBLE, os t^ijis^bl, adj. Held forth to
view; apparent.
OSTEXSIVE, os-t^nislv, adj. 158. 428. Showinjf
betokening.
OB-TENT, 5s-tent/ *. Apj>earanco, air, manner,
mien : show, token ; a portent, a prodigy.
OsTKNTATION, os-f^n-ti-slifin, s. Outward show,
appearance ; ambitious display, boast, vain sliow.
OVE
361
OVE
H>7, 7i5t 163 — tfibe 171, t&b 172, hull 173— oil ->Vr — pound 313— thin 466 — THts 469.
OSTENTATIOUS, 5s-t£n-ta-sh&s adj. Boastful, vain,
fond of show, fond to expose to view.
OSTENTATIOUSLY, As-t3ii-laish&s-l<i, adv. Vain-
ly, boastfully.
OsTKNTATrousNESS, As-t^n-ta^sh&s-n^s, s. Va-
nity, boastfulness.
OsTEOCOPE, 6s-t^-A-kApe, s. The aching of the bones.
OSTEOLOGY, As-t4-61-lA-j<i, s. 518. A description
of the bones.
OSTLER, fts-l&r, s. 472. 98. The man -who takes
care of horses at an inn.
OSTRACISM, os-tra-slzm, s. A manner of sentence
at Athens, in which the note of acquittal or condemna-
tion was marked upon a shell, publick censure.
OsTRACITKS, &s-tra-si-tlz, s. Ostracites expresses
the common oyster in its fossil state.
OSTRICH, 6s-tritsh, s. The largest of birds.
Jf^" This word is more frequently pronounced os-
triflge ; and by Shakespeare is written 'estridge.
OTACOUSTICK, At-ta-kAuistlk, s. An instrument
to facilitate hearing.
OTHER, &TH-&r, jrron. 98. 469. Not the same,
different ; correlative to Each ; something besides,
next ; it is sometimes put elli tit-ally for Other thing.
OTHERGATES, &TH-&r-gats, s. In another manner.
Obsolete.
O THERGUISE, &TH-&r-gylze, adj. Of another kind.
OTHERWHERE, &TH-&r-whare, adv. In other places.
OTHERWHILE, frm-ir-whlle, adv. At other times.
OTHERWISE, &TH-&r-wUe, or &TH-&r-wlz, adv.
140. In a different manner; by other causes; in o-
ther respects; often corruptly pronounced otherways.
OTTER, At-t&r, s. 98. An amphibious animal that
preys upon fish.
OVAL, o'-\hl, adj. 88. Oblong, resembling the lon-
gitudinal section of an egg.
OVAL, A^-v&l, s. That which has the shape «f an egg.
O VARIOUS, A-va-re-fis, adj. Consisting of eggs.
OVARY, A-va-r£, s. That part of the body in which
impregnation is formed.
OVATION, A-va-sh&n, i. A lesser triumph among
the Romans.
OVEN, &v£>vn, s. 103. An arched cavity -heated with
fire to bake bread.
OVER, Aiv&r, jirep. 98. 418. Above; across, as,
he leaped Over the brook ; through, as, the world Over.
OVER, A^vur, adv. Above the top ; more than a
To OVER-BID, A-v&r-bld/ v. a. To offer enort
than equivalent.
To OVER- BLOW, A-v&r-t>k>,' v. n. To be past iti
violence.
To 'OVER-BLOW, A-v&T-talA,' V. n. To drive away
as clouds before the wind.
OVER-BOARD, A-v&r-bArd, adv. Off the stoip, out
of the ship.
To OVER-BULK, A -v&r-bulk,' v. a. To oppress by
bulk.
To OVER-BURDEK, A-v&r-b&r-dn, v. a. To load
with too great a weight.
To OVER-BUY, 'A--v&r-bl,' v. a. To buy too dear.
To OVER-CARRY, A-v&r-karirt*, v. a. To carry too
far, to be urged to any thing violent or dangerous.
To OVERCAST, A-vfir-kast/ v. a. To cl<-ud, to dar-
ken, to cover with gloom ; to cover ; u) rale too high
in compulation.
To OVER-CHARGE, A-v&r-tshArje,' v. a. To op-
press, to cloy, to surcharge; to load, to crowd too
much ; to burden ; to rate too high ; to fill too full ;
to load with too great a charge.
OVER-CHARGE, Aiv6r-tsharje, *. Too great a
charge.— See Overbalance.
To OVER-CLOUD, A-v&r-kloid,' v. a. To cover
with clouds.
To OVERCOME, A-v&r-k&m,' v. a. To subdue, to
conquer, to vanquish ; to surcharge ; to come over or
upon. Not in use in this last sense.
To OVERCOME, A-v&r-k&m,' v. n. To^ain the su-
periority.
OvERCOMER, A-v&r-kim-rn&r, t. He who over-
comes.
To OVER-COUNT, A-v&r-kS&nt/ v. a. To rate a-
bove the true value.
To OVERDO, A-vir-dAo,' v. a. To do more thai
enough.
To OVER-DRESS, A-vfrr-di^s/ v. a. To adorn
lavishly.
To OVER-DRIVE, A-v&r-drlve/ v. a. To drive too
hard, or beyond strength.
To OVER-EYE, A-v&r-i/ v. a. To superintend ; to
observe, to remark.
OVERFALL, Aivur.fall,s. 406. Cataract. Not used.
To OVER-FLOAT, A-v&r-flAte/ *. «. To swim, to
float.
To OVERFLOW, A-vfir-flo,' v. n. To be fuller than
the brim can hold ; to exuberate.
and above, besides,"beybnd whal was first supposed or | than fulness, such a quantity_as runs over, exuberance,
immediately intended ; Over against, op|x>site, regard- OVERFLOWING, A-v&r-flA-ing, s, Exuberance, co-
ing in front ; in composition it has a great variety of • _:,„.-„„_,.
significations: it is arbitrarily prefixed to nouns, ad- '"u *. t. avi 11 j -r,
fectives; or other parts of speJh; Over-night, the night , OvERFLOWINGLY, 6-vur-fliiIng-ld, adv. Exu-
To OVER-ABOUND, A-vfir-a bSund,' v. n. To a-
bound more than enough.
To OVER- ACT, A-v&r-akt/ v. a. To act more than
enough.
To OvER-AftCH, A-vfir-artsh,' v. a. To cover as
with an arch.
To OVER-AWE, A v&r-aw/ v. a. To keep in awe
by superior influence.
To OVER- BALANCE, .A-v&r-balManse, v. a. 493.
To weiph down, to preponderate.
|t5" What has been observed of words compounded
witn counter is applicable to those compounded with o-
ver. The noun and the verb sometimes follow the ana-
logy of dissyllables ; the one having the accent on the
Orst, and the other on the latter syllables — See Counter-
balance.
OVER-BALANCE, Aiv&r-bal-linse, *. Something
more than equivalent.
OVER-BATTLE, Aivur-blt-tl, adj. Too fruitful,
exuberant. Not used.
To OVER-IJEAR, A-v&r-barc/ -v. a. To repress, to
subdue, to bear down.
berantly.
To OVER-FLY, A-v&r-fll/ e. a. To cross by flight.
OVERFORWARDNESS, A-v&r-fSr-w4rd-i)£s, s. Too
great quickness ; too great ofh'ciousness.
To OVER-FREIGHT, A-vir-frate,' v. a.
To load too
heavily
To OVER-GLANCE, A-v&r-glanse/ v. a. To look
hastily over.
To OVER-GO, A- v&r-gA,' v. a. To surpass, to excel.
To OVER GORGE, A-vir-gArjt,' v. a. To gorge
too much.
To OVER-GROW, A-v&r-grA,' v. a. To cover with
growth ; to rise above.
To OvEK-GROW, A v&r-gro,7 i>. n. To grow be-
yond the fit or natural tize.^
OVER-GROWTH, A^vfrr-grA/A, *. Exuberant growth.
To OVER-HALE, A-v&r-h&wl,' v. a. To spread o-
ver ; to examine over again.
Jty- This word has the a in the last syllable always pro-
nounced as it is here marked. — See To Hale.
To OVER-HANG, A-vOr-Mng,' v. a. To jut ei w,
to impend.
OVE
OVE
W 559- File 73, fir 77, fall 83, Qt 81 — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — 116 162, ni.'vp 164.
To OVER-HANG. i-vur-hSng.' v. n. To jut over. To OVEKPRI/F, o-v&r-prizi1,' v. a. To value a
To OVER-HARDEN, i-vur-haridn,.!;. a. To make too high a pri.-e.
toohanl. OvKRRANK, o-vur-rangk,' adj. Too rank.
Ov'KR-HEAD, o-v&r-h&J,' adv. Aloft, in the zenith, To OVERRATE, d-vftr-rati,' v. a. To rate at toe
above. i much.
To OVER-HEAR, A-vfir-li«*n£ v. a. To hear those To OVERREACH, A-v&r-rWtsh/ v. a. To rue a-
who do not mean to be heard. | bore ; to deceive, to go beyond.
To OVER-JOY, o-v&r-joe,' v. a. To transport, to To OVERREACH, A vur-rt-etsli,' v. n. A horse it
ravish. I said to Over-reach, when he brings his hinder feet too
OvER-JOY, oivur-iot*. s. Transport, ecstacy. I f:"r forwards, so as to strike against his fore-feet.
To OVER-RIPEN, A-v&r-iiW v. a. To make too OVERREACHEH, A-v&r-nL'etsliiur, j. A cheat, a
ripe. | deceiver.
To OVER-LABOUR, A-viV-laMnV, r. a. To take To OVERREAD, 6-vir-r^ed,' v. a. To peruse.
too much pains on any tlurg, to liarass with toil. ;. To OVERROAST, 6-vur-rost/ «i. a. To roast too much.
To OVER LADE, A-vur-lad ,' v. a. To over-burden. ' To OVERRULE, 6 v&r-r6dl,' v- a. To influence
OvERLARGE, 6- v&r-larji,' adj. larger than
no,,Eh
—,/-?' i i ii/ '
To OVERLAY, o vfir-la,' v. a. To oppress by too
* """ SU"Crfi-
with predominant power, to be superior in authority;
to govern with high authority, to Hipenntcud ; to su-
persode, as in la*, to Over -rule a plea is to reject it as
Snw,,, e'ent
. OVERRUN, cWur-r&n/ „. a. To harass by in-
cursions, to ravage; to outrun; to oversp:e.id, to cover
all over; to mischief by great mimbers, to pester.
_ .-; • i - , ,
T) OVERLEAP, 6 Vlir-lep.,' V. a. To pass by a ;
,JUI"T' 7o OVERRUN, A-vir-rfin.' v. n. To oveirlow, to
To OVERLIVE, o vur liv,' v. a. To live longer, be more thnn full.
than another, ^survive to outlive. ^ T(> QVKliSKE> i.v&r-se^,' ». a. To superintend ; to
To OVERLIVE, o^ vOr- liv,' v n. To lire too long. | overlook> I0 pilSS by unheeded, to omit.
OVERLIVER, 6 vur-liv'&r, s. Survivor, that which OVERSEEN, A-vfir-s&n,' part. Mistaken, deceived
lives longest. Not used. OvERSKER, o-v&r-se&&r, i. One who overlooks,
9 supcrintendant; an officer who has the care of the pa
rochiai provision for the poor.
To OVERSET, A-vur-s£t,' v. a. To turn the bottom
upwards, to throw off the basis ; to throw out of regu-
larity.
To OVERLOAD, A-vOr-lA'lt1,' (. n. To burden with
too much.
OVERLONG, o-v&r-16ng^ adj. Too .long.
To OVERLOOK, A-v&r-look,' v. a. To view from
a higher place; to view fully ; to peruse; to supcrin
tend, to oversee: to reviev
to neglect, to slight ; to pa<
OVERLOOKER, 6-vfrr-166kiCir, .«. One who looks
over Us fellows.
OVERMASTED, A-vur-iruisti&l, adj. Having too
much mast.
To OVERMASTER, 6-v&r-mas£tfir, t;. a. To sub-
due, to govern.
To OVERMATCH, 6-v?ir-m5ts!;,' v. a. To be too
powerful, to conn'ier.
OVERMATCH, 6ivftr-m3ts!i, s. One of superior
to pass by 'indulgently; To OVERSET, 6-v?ir-s5t,' v. n. To fall off the basis.
To OVERSHADE, A-vir-shade,' v. a. To covi-i
with darkness.
To OVERSHADOW, A-vftr-sliicW.A, v. a. To throw
a shadow over any thing ; to shelter, to protect.
To OVERSHOOT, 6-vur-sh66.,' v. n. To fly be-
yond the mark.
To OVERSHOOT, 6-vur-sho5t,' r. a. To shoot be-
yond the mark; with the reciprocal pronoun, to veu-
the recipn
ture too far, to assert too much.
OVERSIGHT, t>-v&r-slte, s. 493. Superintendance.
powers — See Coiuiteihatonce. | fjot uset|. Mistake, error.
OVERMUCH, 6 -vftr-m&tsli,' adj. Too much, more i To OVERSIZE, 6 v&r-size,' v. a. To surpass in
than enough. | bulk ; to plaster over.
OVERMUCH, 6-vQr-mdtsh,' adv. In too great a | To OvERSKIP, 6 vfir-sklp,' v. a. To pass by leap-
degree. | jng ; ^ pa^ over ; to escaiie.
OVERMUCHNKSS, o-vOr-mtitsh-nils, s. Exube- • To OVERSLEEP, 6-vnr-sleep/ v. a. To sleeptoolonn.
ranee, superabumlance. Not use<l.
OVERNIGHT, o-vfir-nlti-/ s. '1'he night before.
To OVERNAME, i-v&r natne,' v. a. To name in
a series.
To OVEROFFICF,
virtue of an o!Hce.
r-5fifls, ». a. To lord by
7'i) OVERSLIP, 6-vur-sllp,' v. a. To pass undone,
unnoticed, or unused ; to neglect.
To OVERSNOW, o-v&r-sno,' v.a. Tocover with snow.
OVERSOLD, 6-vur-sold,' part. Sold at too high a
A J. rrri'- i- n OvERSOOS, A vur s53n,' adv. Too «oon.
OvEROFFICIOl^s, 0 vur Of-fish-as, adj. Too busy, ;
to,, importunate. OVERSPENT, 4-VUr.Sp6llt,;iart. ^Mncd,
To OVERPASS, A-vftr-pas,' u. a. To cross ; to over-
look, to pass with disregard ; to omit in a rccki-ning.
To OVERPAY, A-v&r-pa,' v. a. To reward beyond
the price.
To OVEUPF.RCH, A-vur-p4rtsh,' v. a. To fly over.
To OVERPEER, A-vur-pen.-,' t>. a. To overlook, to I
hover above.
OVERPLUS, <>-v&r-plfis, s. Surplus, what remains
more than sufficient.
To OVERFLY, 6-vur-pll,' v. a. To employ too la-
bonou*ly.
To OVERPOISE, A-v&r poizi-,' t\ a. To outweigh.
OVERPOISE, Ai-vCir-pciIze, s. 493. Preponderant
weight
To OVERPOWER, o-v&r-pou-ur, r. a. To be pre-
dominant over, to oppress by superiority.
To O-VERPRESS, A-v&r prc's,' n. a. To bear upon
with irresistible force, to overwhelm, to crush.
harassed.
To OVERSPREAD. A-vur-spred/ v. a. To covet
over, to till, to scatter over.
To OvERSTAND, A-vQr-statid,' r. a. To stand too
much upon conditions.
To OVERSTOCK, A-v&r-st&k,' v. a. To fill too full,
to crowd.
To OVERSTRAIN, A-vCir-strane,' v- n. To m. ke
too violent eflbrts.
To OVERSTRAIN, A-v&r-stranc,' v. a. To stretch
too far.
To OvERSWAY, A-v&r-swa,' v. a. To over-rule,
to bear down.
To OVERSWELL, A-vOr-sw^l,' v. a. To rise above.
OVERT. A-v£rt, adj. 544. Oi>en, publick, apparent.
OVERTLY, A-vert-le, idu. Openly.
To OVERTAKE, o-v&r-tike,' v. a. To catch any
thing by pursuit, to come up to something goiug be-
fore ; \o take by surprise.
ous
3G3
OUT
nor Ifi7, not KJ3— t6be 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299— pound 313 — t/iin 466— THIS
To OVERTASK, 6-vur-task,' i>. a. To burden with
too heavy duties or injunctions.
To OVERTHROW, 6-vur-//iro/ v. «. To turn up-
side dawn ; to throw down, to demolish ; to defeat, to
conquer ; to destroy, to bring to nothing.
OVERTHROW, o-vur-//fro, s. 493. The state of be-
ing turned upside down ; ruin, destruction ; defeat, dis-
comfiture ; degradation — See Overbalance.
OVF.RTHROWER, 6-vur-f/tro-ur, s. He who over-
throws.
OvERTHWART, 6-vuT-fAwHrt/ adj. Opposite, be-
ing over against ; crossing any thing perpendicularly ;
perverse, adverse, contradictious.
OVERTHWARTLY, b-vhr-th\\a.rl-\&, adv. Across,
transversely ; pervicaciously, perversely.
OVERTHWARTNESS, 6-VUr-</Jw£rt-ll£s, *. Pervi-
cacity, pervei stness.
OVERTOOK, 6-vur-t6ok,' Pret. and part. pats.
of Overtake,
To OVERTOP, o-vur-top,' ti. a. To rise above, to
raise the head above ; to excel, to surpass ; to obscure,
''o make of less importance by superior excellence.
To OvEUTKIP, 6-vur-trlp,' v. a. To trip over, to
walk lightly over.
OVERTURE, o^vur-tshure, s. 463. Opening, dis-
closure, discovery ; proposal, something offered to con-
sideration.
To OVERTURN, o-vfir-turn,' v. a. To throw down,
to subvert, to ruin ; to overpower, to conquer.
OVERTUHNER, 6-vur-turn-Or, s. Subvcrtcr.
T<> OVERVALUE, 6-vur-val-lu, v. a. To rate at
too high a price.
To OVERVEIL, 6-vur vale/ n. a. To cover.
To OvEHWATCH, 6-vur.wotsh,' v. a. To subdue
with long want of rest.
OVERWEAR-, o-vur-wtke/nd/'. Too weak, too feeble.
To OVERWEATHER, A-vfir-weTH-ur, v. a. 'To
batter with violence of weather. Not used.
To OVERWF.EN, 6-vur-w^en/ v. n. To think too
highly, to think with arrogance.
OvEUWEENlNGLY, 6-vur-wetWlng-li, adv. With
too much arrogance, with too high an opinion.
To OvERWEIGH, 6-vur-wa,' v. a. To preponderate.
OVERWEIGHT, o-vur-\vatt,'s. 493. Prei>onderance.
To OVERWHELM, o-vftr-wh^lm,' v. o. To crush
underneath something violent and weighty ; tooverlook
gloomily.
OVERWHELMINGLY, o-vur-whel-mlng-le, adv.
In such a manner as to overwhelm.
OVERWROUGHT, 6-vur-rawt/ part. Laboured too
much ; worked too much.
OVERWORN, o-vur-worn,' part. Worn out, sub-
dued by toil ; spoiled by time.
OUGHT, awt, s. 3 1 9. 393. Any thing, not nothing.
More propei ly written Aught.
OUGHT, awt, verb imperfect. Owed, was bound
to pay, have been indebted. Not used in this sense.
To be obliged by duty ; to be fit, to be necessary ; a sign
of the potencial mood.
OvjFORM, 6-ve-torm, adj. Having the shape of
an egg.
OVIPAROUS, o-vlpipl-riis, adj. 518. Bringing
forth eggs, not viviparous.
OUNCE, OUIISP, s. 312. The sixteenth part of a
pound in Avoirdupois weight; the twelfth part of a
pound in Troy weight.
OUNCE, ounse. s. A lynx, a panther.
OuPHE, oofe, s. 315. A fairy, goblin.
OuPHEN, ooifn, adj. 103. EltUh.
OUR, our, pron poss. 3 1 2. Pertaining to us, be-
longing to us ; when the substantive goes before, it is
written Ours.
OURSELVES, our-s3lvz,' recip. prom.. We, not o-
thers ; us, not others j in the oblique cases.
OUHSEI.F, 6ur-s£lf/ Is used in the regal style for
Myself.
OUSEL, oo^zl, s. 405. A blackbird.
To OUST, oust, v. a. 312. To vacate, to take away
to expel.
OUT, out, adv. 312. Not within ; it is generally
opposed to In ; in a state of disclosure ; not in confine-
ment or concealment ; from the place or house; from
the inner part ; not at home ; in a state of extinction ;
in a state of being exhausted ; to the end ; loudly, with-
out restraint ; not in the hands of the owner ; in an
error ; at a loss, in a puzzle ; away, at a loss ; it is used
emphatically before Alas; it is added emphatically to
verbs of discovery.
OUT, 6ut, interject. An expression of abhorrence
or expulsion, as. Out upon this half-faced fellowship !
OUT OF, 6ut^ov, prep. From, noting produce ; not
in, noting exclusion or dismission, no longer in ; not
in, noting unfitness ; not within, relating to a house ;
from, noting extraction ; from, noting copy ; from,
noting rescue ; not in, noting exorbitance or irregular-
ity; from one thing to something different ; to a diffe-
rent state from, noting disorder ; not according to; to a
different state from, noting separation ; beyond ; past,
without, noting something worn out or exhausted ; by
means of; in consequence of, noting the motive or rea-
son ; put of hand, immediately, as, that is easily used
which is ready in the hand ; Out at the elbows, having
outrun his means.
To OUT, out, j;. a. To expel, to deprive. Not much
used.
To OUTACT, out-akt,' v. a. To do beyond.
To OUTBALANCE, out-bal-linse, v. a. To over-
weigh, to preponderate.
To OUTBAR, out-bar/ v. a. To shut out by fortU
float ion.
To OUTBID, out-bid/ v. a. To overpower by bid-
ding a higher price.
OUTBIDDER, out-bld-dur, s. One that outbids.
OUTBLOWED, 6ut-blode,' adj. Inflated, swollen
with wind.
OuTBORN, ofitiborn, adj. Foreign, not native.
OUTBOUND, out-bound, adj. Destinated to a di*.
taut voyage.
To OUTBRAVE, out-bravi,' v. a. To bear down
and disgrace by more daring, insolent, or splendid ap.
pearance.
To OUTERAZEN, out-bra-zn, v. a. To bear down
with impudence.
OUTBREAK, out-brake, ». That which breaks forth,
eruption.
To OUTBREATHE, out-br^THe,' v. a. To weary
by having better breath ; to expire. Obsolete.
OUTCAST, 6utM<a-t, part, adj. Thrown into tl>«
air as refuse ; banished, expelled.
OUTCAST, oiitikast, s. 492. Exile, one rejected,
one expelled.
To OuTCRAFT, out-kraft/ v. a. To excel in cun-
ning.
OUTCRY, outMirl, s. 492. Cry of vehemence, cry
of distress, clamour of detestation.
To OUTDARE, out dart-,' v. a. To venture beyond.
To OUTDATE. out-date,' v. a. To antiquate.
To OUTDO, out-c'oO,' r. a. To excel, to surpass.
To OuTDWELL, 6ut-dw£l,' v. a. To stay beyond.
OUTER, out-tur, adj. 98. That is without.
OuTERLY, 5ut-tur-le, adv. Towards the outside.
OUTERMOST, out-tur-most, adj. Remotest ftom
the mi :st.
To OUTFACE, out-fise,' v. a. To brave, to bear
down by show of n'agnanimity ; to stare down.
ToOUTFAWN, out-fawn.' v. a. To excel in fawning.
To OuTFLY, out-fli,' p. a. To leave behind in flight.
OuTFORM, out-lonn, s. External appearance. Not
used.
To OUTFROWN, out-froun,' v. a. To frown down.
OlJTGATE, out-gate, S. Outlet, passage outwards.
To OuTGIVE, otit-glv,' v. a. To surpass in giving.
To OUTGO, OUt-go/ v. a. To surpass, to excel ;
to go beyond, to leave behind in going ; to circumvent,
to overrcadu
OUT
364
OUT
It.'V 559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fat SI — mi 93, m&t 95— pine 105, pin 1O7 — no 162, tnove 1 64,
To OuTRirN, out-run'/ v. a. To leave behind in
running : to exceed.
To OUTSAIL, out sale,' v. a. To leave behind ir
sailing.
To OUTSCORN, out skorn/ •». a. To bear down,
or confront by contempt.
To OUTSELL. 5ut-s£l,' v- n. To exceed in the price
for which a thing is sold ; to gain a higher price.
OUTSET, 6fit-s£t, *. Commencement, beginning, of
a d'.-eoure or enterprize.
To OUTSHINE, out-shine/ v. a. To emit lustre ;
to excel in lustre.
To OuTSHOOT, out-sh5ot,' v. a. To exceed in
shooting ; to shoot beyond.
OlTTSJDE, outi-side, *. Superficies, surface ; exter-
nal part; extreme part, part remote from the middle;
superficial appearance ; the utmost ; person, external
man ; outer side, pait not enclosed.
To OUTSIT, out-sit,' v. a. To sit beyond the time
of any thing.
To '0UTSLEEP, OUt-sl££p/ V. a. To sleep boyond.
To -OUTSPEAK, out-spikf,' f). a. To speak some-
thing beyond.
To OUTSPORT, out-sport,' v. a. To sport beyond.
'To OUTSPREAD, dut-spred,' v. a. To extend, to
diffuse.
To OUTSTAND, out-stand,' v. n. To s,unport, to
resist; to stay beyond the proper time. An impro)>er
use of the word.
To OUTSTAND, out-stand,' v. n. To protuberate
from the main body.
To OuTSTARE, out-starv,' p. «. To face down, to
browbeat, to outface with effrontery.
OUTSTREET, out-str^t, s. Street in the extremi-
ties of a town.
To OUTSTRETCH, out-stretch/ *. a. To extend,
to spread out.
To OUTSTRIP, dut-strlp,' v. a. 497. To outgo,
to leave behind.
To OUTSWEA-R, out-sware/ v- a. To overpowei
by swearing.
To OuTTGNGUE, out-tung,' v. a. To bear down
by noise.
To OUTTAI.K, 5ut-tawk,' v. a. To overpower by talk.
To OUTVALUE, out-valUti, v. a. To transcend
in price.
To OuTVENOM, dut-ve'ntnum, v. a. To exceed
•in poison.
To OUTVIE, OUt-vl,' t». a. To exceed, to surpass.
To <OuT-VILLAIN, 6ut-vil-Hn, .v. -a. To exceed
in villany.
To OUTVOTE, out-vote/ v- a. To conquer by plu-
rality of suffrages.
To OUTWALK, 6ut-wSwk,' v. a. To leave behind
in walking.
OuTWALL, out^wall, *. 498. Outward part of a
building ; superficial appearance.
OUTWARD, outAward, aitj. 88. External, opposed
to inward ; extrinsick, adventitious ; foreign, not in-
testine ; -tending to the out -parts ; in theology, carnal,
corporeal, not spiritual.
OUTWARD, 3ut-ward, *. External form.
OUTWARD, Sunward, adv. 498. To foreign parts,
as, a ship Outward bound ; to the outer parts.
OUTWARDLY, oit-ward-le, adv. Externally, op-
posed to inwardly ; in appearance, not sincerely.
OUTWARDS, Sftt-wardz, adv. Towards the out-parts.
To OuTWATCH, out-w&tsli,' v. a. To exceed ii
watching.
To OUTWEAR, out- ware/ v. a. To pass tediously »
to wear beyond.
To OuTWEED, oflt-w^d,' v. a. To extirpate a* a
weed.
To 0UTWEIGH, out-wa,' v. a. To exceed in gravi-
ty to preponderate, to- excel in value or influence.
To OUTGROW, 6ut-gro,' v. a. To surpaM in growth,
to grow too groat or too old for any thing.
OuTGUARD. oit-gyard, *. One posted at a dis-
tance from the main body as a defence.
Tt OUTJEST, out-j^st/ v. a. To overpower by
jesting.
T» OUTKNAVE, out-nave/ v. a. To surpass in
knavery.
OUTLANDISH, out-land-!sh,n</». Not native, foreign.
To OUTLAST, out-last,' v. a. To surpass in dura-
tion.
OUTLAW, out-law, *. One excluded from the be-
nefit of the law ; a plunderer, a robber, a bandit.
To OUTLAW, out-law, t>. a. To deprive of the
benefits and protection of the law.
OUTLAWRY, out-law-r£, s. A decree -by which
any man is cut off from the community, and deprived
of the protection of the law.
To OUTLEAP, out-tepe/ v. a. To pass by leap-
ing, to start beyond.
OUTLEAP, 6itM£pe, s. Sally, flight, escape.
OUTLET, 6util£t, t. Passage outwards, discharge
outwards.
OUTLINE, 6ut-llne, *. Contour, line by which any
figure is defined ; extremity ; a sketch.
To OUTLIVE, out-li*/ v. a. To live beyond, to
survive;
OUTLFVER, Sfit-llv-vur, *. 98. A *u»vivor.
To OUTLOOK, Sut-lo6k? t». a. To face down, to
browbeat.
To OuTLUSTRE, out-l&s^t&r, t>. a. To excel in
brightness.
OUTLYING, out-H-Ing, part. adj. Exceeding others
in Iv'mg ; applied to a deer that has got out of its park ;
applied to places lying at the extremities.
To OUTMEASURE, ofit-m3zh-&re, v. a. To exceed
in measure.
To OUTNUMBER, dut-nnm-bur, v. a. To exceed
in number.
To OUTMARCH, oit-martsh/ v. a. To leave be-
hind in the march.
OUTMOST, outmost, adj. Remotest from the mid-
dle.
•OlTPABKH, out-par-rlsh, *. Parish not lying
within the walls.
OuTPART, outipart, s. Part remote from the cen-
tre or main body.
To OUTPACE, out-pase/ v. a. To outgo, to leave
behind.
To OUTPOUR, 6ut-poor,' v. a. 316. To emit, to
send forth in a stream.
To OUTPRIZE, 6ut-prlze,' v. a. To exceed in the
value set upon it.
To OUTRAGE, outiradje,' v. a. To injure vio-
lently or contumelious!}1, to insult roughly and tumul-
tuously.
OUTRAGE, out-radje, *. 497. Open violence, tu-
multuous mischief.
OUTRAGEOUS, Sut-ra-jfis, adj. Violent, furious,
exorbitant, tumultuous, turbulent ; excessive, passing
reason or decency ; enormous, atrocious.
OUTRAGEOUSLY, o'u-ra-jus-le, adv. 'Violently,
tumultuously, furiously.
OUTRAGEOUSNESS, out-raijis-n£s, *. Fury, vio-
lence.
To OUTREACH, 3ut-r«*£tsh,' v. a. Togo beyond.
To OUTRIDE, out-ride,' v. a. To pass by riding.
OUTRIGHT, out-rite,' adv. Immediately, without
delay ; completely.
To OUTHOAR, out-rore,' v. a. To exceed in roar-
ing.
OUTRODE, out-rAde/ jn-et. and part, of Outride.
OUTRODE, UttrAde, s. Excursion. Not used.
To Ol'TROOT, out riot/ v. a. To extirpate, to*.
OYE
365
PAD
new- 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bill 173 — 511 299— pound 313 — thin 466 — THis 469.
To OUTWIT, oit-wlt,' v. a. To cheat, to overcome JSJ*^' ^ ^uT^nmvTin^versall ^heard' iii"cou™s'o*
by stratagem. I Ju&ce, Wtt^he afflrmati»e adverb yr«, preceded byU'a
To OUTWORK, out-wurk,' v. a. To do more work. long open <,.— Set; Asparagus and Lantern.
OUTWORK, out-wurk, s. 498. The parts of a for- OYSTER, oe-stur, *. 98. A bivalve testaceous fish,
tification next the enemy. OYSTERWENCH, oe-Stur-w5ns!>, 1
OUTWORN, out-worn,' part. Consumed or destroy- OYSTERWOMAN, ot^stur-wumiun, J * *
ed by use. whose business it is to sell oysters.
OUTWROUGHT, out- ravvt/ part. Outdone, exceeded QzaiNA, o-ze^na, s 92. An ulcer in the inside 01
in efficacy. thc nostrj]S) that gives an ill smell.
To OUTWORTH, out-wurt//,' v. a. To excel in va-
lue. Not used.
To OWE, 6, v. a. 324. To be indebted ; to be o-
bliged for ; to have from any thing as the consequence
of a cause ; to possess, to be the right owner of. < Jl^o-
lete in this sense, the word Own being used in its stead.
part. Consequential ; imputable to,
A bird that flies about
OWING, o'-\
as an agent.
OWL, oil, 322. 1
OWLET, outlet, 99. J $<
in the night and catches mice.
OWLER, oul-5r, s. 93. One who carries contraband
goods. Not in use.
OWN, 6ne, s. 324. Proper, peculiar, not common.
This word is of no other use than as it is added to
the possessive pronouns, my, thy, his, our, your, their;
it is added generally by way of emphasis or corrobora-
tion ; sometimes it is added to note opposition or con-
tradistinction ; domestick, not foreign ; mine, his, or
yours ; not another's.
To OWN, one, v. a. To acknowledge, to avow for
one's own; to possess, to claim, to hold by right; to
avow ; to confess, not to deny.
OWNERSHIP, A-n&r-bhlp, s.
possession.
Property, rightful
OWNER, o^n&r, *. 98 One to whom any thing be-
longs.
OX, oks, 5.
Plural Oxen. The general name for
black cattle ; a castrated bull.
OxBANE, Sks-baiH', ^
OXEYE, oks-i, V s. Plants.
OXHEAL, oks-h<*le, J
OXFLY, oks-fli, 5. A kind of fly.
OxLIP, oks-lip, i. Tlie same with Cowslip, a ver-
nal flower.
OxSTALL, 6ks-stall, s. 406. A stand for oxen.
OXTONGUE, oksit&ng, s. A plant.
OXYCRATE, 6ksi^-kra.te, s. A mixture of water
and vinegar.
OXYGEN, oksi
*, A quality generating acid.
f^r» Both the learned and unlearned coxcombs conspire
to pronounce this word, as well as Hydrogen and Kitro-
gcn, with the ff hard. For the absurdity of this pronun-
ciation, see Homogeneous and Heterogeneous.
OXYMEL, &k-s«i-rn£l, j. A mixture of vinegar and
honey.
OXYMORON, oks-^-moir&n, s. 166. A rhetorical
figure, in which an epithet of a quite contrary signifi-
• cation is added to any word, as, "a cruel kindness."
OXYRKHODINE, &ks-!rio-dlne, S. 149. A mix-
ture of two parts of oil of roses with one of vinegar of
roses.
OXYTONE, 6ks!(i-t6ne, *.
jj^- As I have frequently met with this word in wri-
ters on prosody, I have made use of it in the Principles,
No. 49U ; but not having met with it in any Dictionary,
I forgot to insert it in the forrncr editions, though Bary-
tone <l?d not escape me. It will therefore be necessary to
inform the inspector, that oxyttme comes from the Greek
'
word '
and signifies having an acute accent on the
last syllable. — For what the acute accent means, see Bary-
tone.
OYER, o-yir, *• 98. A court of Oyer and Termi-
ner, is a judicature where causes are heard and deter-
in n MM I.
OYKS, o-yls/ 5. Is the introduction to any proclama-
tion or advertisement given by the publick criers,
is tlirice repeated.
jrt;- This word, like several others, has been changed
by the vulgar into something which they think they un-
P.
PABULAR, pabibi-lar, adj. Affording ali-
ment or provender.
TABULATION, pab-bu-la-shcin, s. Theact of feed-
ing or procuring provender.
FABULOUS, pab-b&-l&S, adj. 314. Alimental, af-
fording aliment.
PACE, pa-e, s- Step, single movement in walk-
ing ; gait, manner of walk ; degree of celerity ; step,
gradation of business ; a particular movement which
horses are taught, though some have it naturally, made
by lifting the legs on the same side together ; amble.
To PACE, pase, V. n. To move on slowly ; to move;
used of horses, to move by raising the legs on the same
side togetheri
To PAfE, pase, v. a. To measure by steps ; to di-
rect to go.
PACED, paste, adj. 359. Having a particular gait.
PACER, pa-s&r, s. 98. He that paces; a pad.
PACIFICATION, pls-s^-f^-ka-sh&n, s. The act of
making peace; the act of appeasing or pacifying.
PACIFICATOR, pas-s£-)<i-ka-t&r, *. 521. Peace-
maker.
PACIFICATORY, pa-slfif£-ka-t&r-4, adj. 512.
Tending to make peace.
PACIFICK, pa-slf-flk, adj. 509. Peace making,
mild, gentle, appeasing.
PACIFIER, pis-sti-fl-ur, s. One who pacifies.
To PACIFY, pasis^-fl, v. a. 1 83. To appease, to
still resentment, to quiet an angry person.
PACK, pak, 4. A large bundle of any thing tied up
for carriage ; a burden, a load ; a due number of cards ;
a number of hounds hunting together; a number of
people confederated in any bad design or practice; any
great number, as to quantity and pressure.
To PACK, pak, v. a. To bind up for carriage ; to
send in a hurry ; to sort the cards so as that the game
shall be iniquitously secured; to unite picked persons
in some bad design.
To PACK, pak, v. n. To tie up goods ; to go off
in a hurry; to remove in haste ; to concert bad mea-
sures, to confederate in ill.
PACKCLOTH, pak-k!6//l, S. A cloth in which goods
are tied up.
PACKER, pakikfir, s. 98. pne who binds up bales
for carriage.
PACKET, pak-klt, s. 99. A small pack, a nail of
letters.
To PACKET, pak^klt, v. a. To bind up in parcels.
PACKHORSE, pak-horse, s. A horse of burden, a
horse employed in carrying goods.
PACKSADDLE, pak^sld-dl, *. 405. A saddle on
which burdens are laid.
PACKTHREAD, pakAt/<r.3d, *. Strong thread used
in tying up parcels.
PACT, pakt, s. A contract, a bargain, a covenant.
FACTION, pak'sh&n, *. A bargain, a covenant.
FACTITIOUS, pak-tlsh'&s, adj. Settled by covenant.
PAD, pad, s. The road, a foot path ; an tesy-pacec'
horse; a robber that infests the road on foot; a low
soft saddle.
To PAD, pad, v. n. To travel gently, to rob OH
foot ; to beat a way smooth and level.
2P
PAI
SCO
PAL
|5- 559. File 73, far 77, fill 83, fat 81 — mi 93, n>3t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, move 164,
PADDER, padM&r, s. 98. A robber, a foot high-
wayman. A low word.
Tt> PADDLE, pad-dl, v- n. 4O5. To row, to beat
water as with oars ; to play in the water; to finger.
PADDLE, pad^dl, *. An oar, particularly that which
is used by a single rower in a boat;, any thing broad
like the end of an oar.
PADULER, pad-dl-&r, s» 98. One who paddle*.
PADDOCK, pad^d&k, s. 166. A great frog or toad»
PADDOCK, pad-d&k, s. A small enclosure for deer.
PADLOCK, pld-lok, s. A lock hung on a staple
to hold on a link.
To PADLOCK, pAd'l&k, v. a. To fasten with a
pail lock.
P-iEAN, p£-5n, s. A triumphal song.
Jt^- This is a song of triumph, so called from its be-
ginning with id, an adverb of rejoicing, and pnian, 'one
of the names of Apollo; so as that a paean, or an io /neon,
among the Pagans, was equivalent to our Irttzza.
PAGAN, pi-gin, .«. 88. A heathen, one not a Chris-
tian.
PAGAN, pa-gan, adj. HeathenUh.
PAGANISM, pa^gan-lzm, s. Heathenism.
PAGE, pi'ije,. s- One side of the leaf of a book ; n
young boy attending on a great person.
To PA&E, padje, v. a. To mark the pages of a
book ; to attend as a page. In this last sense not used.
PAGEANT, pad-j&nt, *. 244. A statue in a show;
any show, a spectacle of entertainment.
ft^ Mr. Perry, Buchanan, and Entick, pronounce the
a in the first syllable long, like that in pages but Mr. She-
ridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Nares, make it
short, as in find : that the first is more analogical is evi-
dent, as the accented a is succeeded by the diphthong ea,
505, but that the last is more agreeable to general usage,
I have not the least doubt. The same reason holds good
for the first a in pageantry/ ; but usage is-stii! more decid-
i-dly for the short sound of the a in this wont than in na-
geant. Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Perry, and VV.
Johnston, adopt the short sound, and Entick alone the
long one. About forty years ago, when Mr. Garrick ex-
hibited a show in Honour of Shakespeare, it was univer-
sally called a Pad-junt.
PAGEANT, pad-junt, adj. Showy, pompous, osten-
tatious.
7 'n PAGEANT, pad-j&nt, v. a. To exhibit in shows,
to represent. Not used.
PAGEANTRY, pa'd-jfin-ini, s. Pomp, show
PAGINAL, pad^ji nalj adj. Consisting of pages.
Not used.
PAGOU, pi-god, s* An Hidian idol ; the temple cf
the idol.
PAID, pade, 222. The jrret. and part. pass, of Pay.
PAIL, pale, s. 202. A wooden vessel in which milk
or water is commonly carried.
PAILFUL, palu-i'&l, s. The quantity that a pail will
hold.
PAILMA1L, p£l-tn£l? s. Violent, boisterous. This
word is commonly written peUimtl — See 3TalL
PAIN, pane, *. 73. 202. Punishment denounced ;
penalty; punishment; sensation of uneasiness ; in the
plural, labour, work, toil; uneasiness of mind; the
throes of child-birth.
PAINFUL, paneiful, adj. Full of pain, miserable,
beset with affliction ; giving pain, afflictive; difficult,
requiring labour; industrious, laborious.
PAINFULLY, paneiful-le, nd». With great pain or
affliction^ laboriously, diligently.
PAINFCLNESS, pint-!ul-r.0s, s. Affliction, sorrow,
grief: industry, laboriousness.
PAINIM, pa-nun, s. In the oid romances, a Pagan,
an infidel.
PAINIM, pa'nlm, adj. Pagan, infidel.
PAINLESS, pane-les, adj. Without pain, without
trouble.
PAINSTAKER, panzita-k&r, s. Labourer, laborious
penoo.
PAINSTAKING, panz-ta-klng, adj. Laborious, indus-
UlUUi.
T» PAINT, pant, v. a. 202. To represent by deli-
neation and colour*: to describe; to colour; to deck
with artificial colours,
j To PAINT, pant, v. n. To lay colours on the face.
PAINT, pant, s. Colours representative of any thing;
colours laid on the face.
PAINTER, pan^tur, s. 98. One who professes th«
art of representing objects by colours.
PAINTING, panning, s. 410. The act of repre-
I Kerning objects by delineation and colours ; picture, ttw
1 |>ninted resemblance ; colours laid on.
PAJNTURE, pau-tbh&re, s. 461. The art of paint-
ing.
PAIR, pare, i. 202. Two things suiting one ano-
ther, as,, a pair of gloves; a man and wife ; two of a
sort ; a couple, a brace.
To PAIR, pare, »>. n. To be joined in pairs, to cou-
ple ; to suit, to fit as a counterpart.
To PAIR, pare, v. a. To join in couples ; to unite
as correspondent or opposite.
PALACE, pal-las, s. 91. A royU house, a house
eminently splendid.
PALANQUIN, pal-an-k«*en, .t. 112. Is a kind of
covered carriage, used in the eastern countries, that is
supported on the shouldets of slaves.
PALATABLE, piWat-tl-bl, adj. Gustful, pleasing
to the taste.
PALATK, pSl-lat, *. 91. The instrument of taste ;
mental relish, intellectual taste.
PALATICK, pAl-lit-tlk, adj. 509. Belonging to the
palate, or roof of the mouth.
PALATINE, palila-tin, «. 150- One invested with
regal rights and prerogatives; a subject of a palatinate.
PALATINE, pal-la-tln, adj. Possessing royal privi-
leges.
PALE, pale, eulj. 77. 2O2. Not ruddy, not fresh
of colour, wan, white of look ; not high colouied, ap-
proaching to transparency ; not bright, not shining,
faint of lustre, dim.
To PALE, pale, v- a. To make pale-
PALE, pair, *. Narrow piece of wood joined above
and below to a rail, to enclose grounds ; any enclosure ;
any district or territory ; the Pale is the third and mid-
dle part of the scutcheon.
To PALE, pale, r. a. To enclose with pales ; to
enclose, to encompass.
PALEEtED, palt-kle, adj. Having eyes dimmed.
PALEFACED, pale-faste, adj. 359. Having the
face wan.
PALELY, palt4l£, adv. Wanly, not freshly, :u,t
ruddily.
PALENESS, palf'nds, «. Wanness, want of colour,
want of freshness ; want of lustre.
PAI.ENDAR, pil-len-dar, s. A kind of coasting
vessel.
PALEOUS> pa'li-fis, adj. Husky, chaffy.
PALETTK, pali-lit, s. 99. A light board on which
a painter holds his colours when he paints.
PALFUEY, palifre, or pal-l'r^, s. A small horse
fit for ladies.
Jfjf In the first edition of this Dictionary I followed
Mr. Sheridan, \V. Johnston, Mr. Perry, and Buchanan,
in the sound of a in the first »\ liable of this word ; but,
upon n aturer consideration, think Dr. Kenrick, Mr.
Scott, and Mr. Barclay, more analogical, and must there-
fore give the tliird sound of a the preference. See Prin-
ciples, No. 8-k
PALINDROME, palUn-drAme, *. A word or setv.
tence which is the same read backward or forward.
PALINGENESIA, pal-ln-jti-ne^zli^-a, *. 92. A
regeneration.
PALINODE, pSlilln-ode,
PALINODY, pal-lin-6 d^,
PALRAOT:, pal le sad.-,' ?
< i i ' U-ii f *• Pales set bv way of
PALIfADO, pal le-sa-do, i
of enclosure or defence.
'/',> PALISADE, pll-le side,' v. c. Toawlose witk
A recantation.
PAL
3G7
PAN
nor 167, nit Ifi3— tube 171, t&b 172, bull 173— oil 299— pound 313 — //(in 466— THIS 469.
1'AI.ISH, palt-lsh, adj. Somewhat pale. PAM, pirn, s. Tiie knave of clubs, in the game of
PALL, ]);'ill, 5. A cloak or mantle of state ; the
man'le of an archbishop ; the covering thrown over the
desd.
To PALI , pall, v. a. To cloak; to invest.
To PALL, pall, v. n. To grow rapid, to become
insipid.
To PALL, pall, v. a. To make insipid or vapid ; to
make spiritless, to dispirit; to weaken: to cloy.
PALLET, pM-lIt, *. 99. A small bed, a mean bed ;
a small measure formerly used by chirurgeons.
PAI.LIAMENT, palile-a-in£nt, s. A dress, a robe.
To PALLIATE, pal-te-ate, v. a. 91. To cover
with excuse ; to extenuate, to soften by favourable re-
presentations ; to cure imperfectly or temporarily, not
radically.
PALLIATION, p&l-I4-&'&hfin, *. Extenuation, al-
leviation., favourable representation ; imperfect or tem-
porary, not radical cure.
PALLIATIVE, pal-te-a-tlv, adj. 157. Extenuat-
ing, favourably representative; mitigating, not remov-
ing, not radically curative.
PALLIATIVE, pal-li-i-tiv, S. 113. Something mi-
tigating.
PALLID, pal-lid, adj. Pale, not high-coloured.
PALLMALL, p£l-in£],' s. A play in which the ball
is struck with a mallet through an iron ring — See.l/att.
PALM, pam, s. 403. A tree, of which the branches
were worn in token of victory ; victory, triumph; the
inner part of the hand ; a measure of length, compris-
ing three inches.
To PALM, pam, v. a. To conceal in the palm of
the hand, as jugglers ; to impose by fraud ; to handle ;
>?Jul._
to stroke with the hand.
PALMER, pam-fir, s. 403.
A pil :rim ; so called.
because they who returned from the Holy Land carried
palm.
PALMETTO, pal-m<k-to, *. A species of the palm-
tree: In the West Indies the inhabitants thatch their
houses with the leaves. .
PALMIFEROUS, pal-mlf-f<lr-&s, ailj. Bearingpalms.
PALMIPFDE, pal-mi-p<*de, adj. Webfooted. — See
Millepedes.
PALMISTER, paUmls-t&r, s. One who deals in
palmistry.
PALMISTRY, pftKmb-tvi, s. The cheat of foretel-
ling fortunes by the lines of the palm.
PALMY, pa-me, adj. 403. Bearing palms.
PALPABILITY, pal-pa-bll-li-td, «. Quality of be-
ing perceivable to the touch.
PALPABLE, pal-pa-bl, ad). 405. Perceptible by
the touch : gross, coarse, easily detected ; plain ; easi-
ly perceptible.
PALPABLENESS, piU-pa-bl-n£s, s. Quality o£ be-
ing palpable, plainness, grossr,es>s.
PALPABLY, pal'pa-bli, adv. In such a manner as
to be perceived by the touch ; grossly, plainly.
PALPATION, pal-pa'shun. s. The act of feeling.
To PALPITATE, pal-pe-tate, v. a. To beat as the
heart, to flutter.
PALPITATION, pil-pe ta-shcm, $. Beating or
panting, that alteration in ihe pulse of the heart which
makes it felt.
PALSGRAVE, palz-grave, s. A count or earl who
has the overset-ing of a palace.
PALSICAL, pal-ze-kul, tulj. 84. Afflicted with the
palsy, paralytiek.
PALSIED, pal-zld, adj 283. Diseased with a palsy.
PALSY, pal-ze, s. 84. A privation of motion, or
sense of feeling, or both.
To PALTER, pal-tur, v. n. 84. To shift, to dodge.
PALTEHER, pal-tur-ur, s. 93. An unsinoci* deal-
er, a shifter.
PALTRINESS, pal-tre-n£s, s. The state of being
paltry.
PALTRY, pal-tre, adj, 84. Sorry, despicable, mean.
PALY, pi-lc adj. Pale. Obsolete.
pan-s£, s. A flower, a kind of violet.
Loo.
To PAMPER, pam-p&r, v. a. 98. To glut, to fill
with food.
PAMPHLET, parnifldt, *. 99. A small book, pro-
perly a book sold unbound^.
PAMPHLETEER, pam-fl<H-teer/ s. A scribbler of
small books.
PAN, pan, s. A vessel broad and shallow ; the part
of the lock of a gun that holds the powder ; any thing
hollow, as, the brain Pan.
PANACEA, pan-a-se'-a, «. An universal medicine.
PANACEA, pan-i-s&a, *. An herb.
PANCAKE, pan-kake, s. Thin pudding baked in the
frying pan.
PANADO, pa-na^dA, i. Food made by boiling bread
in water.
PANCREAS, pangikr4-3s, s. The sweetbread.
PANCREATICK, pang kr^-At'tlk, adj. Contained
in the pancreas.
PAKPY
p , '
PANDECT, pan-d£kt, s. A treatise that compre-
hends the whole of any science.
PANDEMICK, p&n-dem-mik, adj. 509. Incident
to a whole people.
PANDER, pati^dfrr, s. 98. A pimp, a male bawd,
a procurer.
To PANDER, panid&r, v. a. To pimp, to be sub-
servient to lust or passion. Not used.
PANDERLY, panid&r-li, adj. Pimping, pimplike.
PANDICULATION, pan-dik-k6-la-shin, s. The
restlessness, stretching, and uneasiness that usually ac-
company the cold fits of an intermitting fever.
PANE, pane, s A square of glass ; a piece mixed
in variegated works with other pieces.
PANEGYRICK, pa'n-n4-j£r-rik, «. 184. An eulogy,
an encomiastick piece.
PANEGYRIST, pan-ni-j^rirlst, s. One that write*
praise, encomiast.
To PANEGYRIZE, pan-n£-jd-rlze, v. a. To praise
highly.
l& I have not found this word in any of our Diction-
aries but have met with it in so respectable a writer,
that I cannot resist the temptation of inserting it here,
especially as it serves to fill up a niche in language,
which, I t'link, never should be empty: I mean, that
wherever there is a noun established, there should always
be a verb w correspond to it. The passage from which
I have taken- this word has so much real good sense, and
such true genuine humour, that I cannot refrain from
extracting the whole paragraph, and relying on the par-
don of the inspector for the digression. — " It may be
thought ridiculous to assert that morals have any connex-
ion with- purity of language, or that the precision of truth
may lie violated through defect of critical exactness in
the three degrees of comparison ; yet how frequently do
we hear from the dealers in superlatives, of mott admira-
ble, sujxr-fjccelleiit, and quite perfect people, who, to
i lain persons, not bred in the school of exaggeration,
would appear mere common characters, not rising above
the level of mediocrity ! By this negligence in the just
application of words, we shall be as much misled by these
trope and figure ladies when they degrade, as when they
]>anegyri-e ; for, to a plain and sober judgment, a trades-
man inay not be the most good-f<ir-i>othing fellow that t-
vi-r existed, merely because it was impossible for him to
execute in an hour, an order which required a week; a
lady may not be the most hideous fright the world a-er
saw, though the make of her gown may have been obso-
lete for a month : nor may one's young friend's father be
a monster of cruelty, though he may be a quiet gentle-
man, who does not choose to live at watering-places, but
likes to have his daughter stav at home with him in the
country."- HuxjuiA tlerfl Strictures on M ml era t'eutalc
Kdiicaiion, vol. i. page 216. If the usage of this word
stood in need of farther support, we have it from the
IK-SI authority. " The author thinks it supcrtuoui to
IMnegyrize truth ; yet, in favour of sound and rational
rules, (which must be founded in truth, or they are good
for nothing,) he ventures to miotc the Stagirite himself:
It is not i>ossible for a true opinion to be contrary tO4iio»
" '
ther true one." — Harris's
nyuiriot.
PAP
368
PAR
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit SI — irui 93, m<h 95— pine 1O5, pin 107 — nA 162, m<We I6'4,
PANEL, pan-nil, *. 99. A square, or piece of any
matter inserted between other bodies; a schedule or
roll, containing the names of such jurors as the sheriff
provides to pass upon a trial.
PANG, pAnjj, s. Extreme pain, sudden paroxysm
of torment.
Ta PANG, pAng, v. a. To torrrent.
PA NICK, pan-nik, t. A sudden and groundless fear.
PANICK, pan-nik, adj. Sudden and violent without
cause, applied to fear.
PANNEL, pan-nil, *. 99. A kind of rustick saddle.
PANNICLE, pAn^ne kl, 405.7 s. A plant of the
PANNICK, pan-nik, 5O9- $ millet kind.
PANNIER, pAn-yfir, *. 113. A basket, a wicker
vessel, in which fruit or other things are carried on a
horse.
PANOPLY, pAnin6-pli, i. Complete armour.
To PANT. pAnt, v- n. To palpitate, to beat as the
heart in sudden terror, or after hard labour; to have
the breast heaving, as for waut of breath ; to long, to
wish earnestly.
PANT, pant, s. Palpitation, motion of the heart.
PANTALOON, pAn-tA-loon,' s. A man's garment
anciently worn ; a character in a pantomime.
PANTHEON, pAn-//ie:-un, *. 166. A temple of all
the gods.
PANTHER, pAni</jur, *. 98. A spotted wild beast,
i lynx, a psrd.
PANTILE, pAn-tile, *. A gutter tile.
PANTING LY, pAn^ting- 1£, adv. 410. With palpi-
tation.
PANTLER, pAntM&r, *. 98. The officer in a great
family, who keeps the bread.
PANTOFLE, pa.i-too-fl, s. Fr. A slipper.
PANTOMIME, pAn-to -mime, s. 146. One who has
the power of universal mimickry, one who expresses
his meaning by mute actions ; a scene, a tale exhibited
only in gesture and dumb show.
PANTRY, pAn-tr^, s. The room in which provi-
sions are rcposited.
PAP, pap, *. The nipple, a dug ; food made for in-
fants with bread boiled in water ; the pulp of fimt-
PAPA, pA-pa,' s. 77. A fond name for father, used
in many languages.
PAPACY," pa-pA-s<*, s. Popedom, office or dignity
of bishops of Rome.
PAPAL, pa-pal, adj. Belonging to the pope, annex-
ed to the bishoprick of Home.
PAPAVEROUS, pA-pAv-vCr-rus, adj. Resembling
iwppits.
PAPLR, pa-pftr, s. 64. 76. Substance on which
men write and print.
PAPKR, pa-pur, adj. 98. Any thing slight or thin,
made of pai>cr.
To PAPER, pa-p&r, v. a. To register. Not used.
Tr» furnish with paper hangings.
PAIERMAKER, pa-pur-ma kur, «. One who makes
paper.
PAPERMILL, pa-pftr-m!l, *. A mill in which rags
are ground for paper.
PAPESCENT, pA- p£s-s£nt, adj. 510. Containing
pap, pulpy.
PAPILIO, pA pll-yA, s. 113. A butterfly, a moth.
of various colours.
PAPILIONACEOUS, pu-pil-y6.na-sb.us, adj. 357.
Resembling a buttcrily. Applied chiefly to tlie flowers
of some piants.
PAPILLARY, pAp-pll-A r£, adj. Having emulgent
vessel*, or resemblances of paps.
JCJr- There is a set oj words of similar derivation ann
termination, which must be Mrvmftrily accented in the
sair.e way : these arc Axillary, Maxillary, Ca/tUlari/, Pa-
pUljrt/, Pn/>,(lurif, Annillary, Maminillary. and Medulla-
ry. All these, except the last, which was not inserted, I
had accented on the first syllable in a Rhyming and Pro-
niiuncir.g Dictionary, published many years ago.
Tins aivvi liiation 1 still think the most agreeable to
lliMlo^) ; and that the uispe .01 may judge of the u,-uge,
I have subjoined the several different mode* of accentua-
tion of the different orthoepists:
A.r'illary, Johnson, Kenrick.
Axil'lniy, Sheridan, Ash, Bailey.
Max'illary, Johnson, Sheridan, lia relay.
3Iajii'tary, Ash, Kenrick, \V. Johnstoii, Bailey, En-
tick.
f'ap'illarji, Johnson, Kenrick, Xares, Kenning.
Cajnl'Uiry, Sheridan, Ash, W. Johnston, Perry, Bu-
chanan, Bailey, Eritick.
1'ap'illary, Johnson, > ares," Barclay, Penning.
Pupil'larij, Sheridan, Kenrick, Ash, Scott, Perry,
Buchanan, Bailey.
Pu'piUary, Johnson, Sheridan, Kenrick, Ash, Scott,
Perry, Entick, Barclay, Kenning.
Pupil'lary, No Examples.
Mam'millary, Nares, Bailey.
Muwmil'lary, Johnson, Kenrick, Ash, Sheridan, Scott,
Perry, Entick.
Ar'millary, Sheridan, Scott, Nares, Smith, Kenning.
.Irm'iflary, Ash, Perry, Eutick, bailey, Barclay.
Med'ullary, No examples.
Medui'tary, Johnson, Slieridan, Ash, Kenriek, W.
Johnston, Buchanan, Bailey, Barclay,
Kenning, Entick.
This extract sufficiently shows how uncertain usage is,
and the necessity of recurring to principles : and that tries*
are on the side I have adopted, may be gathered Irom No.
512 — See Mammillary and Maxillary.
PAPILLOUS, pA-pil-lus, adj. The same with Pa-
pillary.
j£?' There is some diversity in the accentuation of this
word, as well as the former: Dr. Johnson and Barclay
place the accent on the lirst syllable; and Mr. Sheridan,
Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, and Mr. Perry, on the second, as i
have done.
PAPIST, pa-plst, s. An appellation given by P/otes-
tants to one that adheres to the communion of the P;ip«
and church of Rome
PAPISTICAL, pA pis-t^-kAl, adj. Relating to tb«
religion of tlx-sc called Papists.
PAPISTRY, pa-pls-tre, s. A name given by Protes-
tants to the doctrine of (he Roman Catholicks
PAPPOUS, pap-pus, adj. 314. Having soft light
down growing out of the seeds of some plants, such at
thistles; downy.
PAPPY, pAp-pti, adj. Soft, succulent, easily divided.
PAR, par, s. 77. State of equality, equivalence, •-
qua! value.
PARABLE, pAr^rA-bl, s. 81. 405. A similitude, a
relation under which something else is figured.
PARABOLA, pA-rib-bo- lA, s. One of the conick
sections.
PARABOLICAL, pAr-rA-b!»We-kal, 7
PARABOLICK, pAr-rA-bol-ik, 509. \
pressed by parable or similitude ; having the nature or
form of a paral> >la.
PARABOLICALLY, pAr-rA-b61-le-kal-lt*, adv. By
way of parable or similitude ; in the form of a \ araboia.
PAHABOLISM. pA-rAlj-bi-lizm, s. in Algebra, tin
division of the terms of an equation, by a known quaj>-
tity that is involved or multiplied in tlie fust term
PARABOLOID, pA-ralA>6-loid, 4-. A paraboiiform
curve in geometry.
PARACENTESIS, par-A-s^n-te-sis, s. That opera-
tion whereby any of the venters are perforated to let
out matter, as tapping in a tympauy.
PARACENTRICAL, par-a-s£nitr^-kal, | ,.
PARACENTRICK, par-A-s^n-trik, )
viating from circularity.
PARADE, pAr-rade/ s. Show, ostentation ; military
order; place whcie troopsdraw up to do duty and mount
guard ; guard, posture of defence.
PARADIGM, pAr^A-dlm, *. 389. Example.
PARADISIACAL, pir-A-de-zWl-kAl, adj. 509.
Suiting paradise, mi-.king |>aradise.
PARADISE, pAr-rA-nise, *. The blissful regions m
which the first ,.air was placed ; any place of felicity
PARADOX, pari-rA-doks, i. A tenet contrary lo
received opinion ; a:i assertion contrary to appearaixv.
PARADOXICAL, jiar-A di>k-se-kal, adj. H.ninx
the nature of a parndox: ii cliiied to uc.w lentte or iii»
tioiu contrary to received opiuiuu*
Ex-
De-
PAR
3(59
PAR
nir 167, nit 163 — t&be 171, tfih 172, bill 173 — oil 299 — piind 313— thin 46fJ — THis
PARADOXICALLY, pir-a- dokt>ii-kal-»*, adv. In
a paradoxical manner.
PARADOXICALNESS, par-a-doVs^-kal-n£s, «•
State of being paradoxical.
PARADOXOLOGY, par a-d6k-sol-lA-jti, 4. The use
of paradoxes.
PARAGOGE, par-a-go'je. s. A figure whereby a
letter or syllable is added at the end of a word, as, my
deaf;/, for My dear.
PARAGON, par-rA g6n, s. 166. A model, a pat-
tern, something supremely excellent.
To PARAGON, pai'-ra-go i, v. a. To compare, to
equal.
PARAGRAPH, pai-ra-graf, s. A distinct part of a
discourse.
PARAGRAPHICAL!/*, pir-r3i-graf-f6-kalrl^, adv.
By paragraphs.
PARALLACTICAL, par al 1'ik-t^-kll, 509'. £ .
PARALLACTICK, par-ral-lakitik, ^ a(J'
Pertaining to a parallax.
PARALLAX, par-ril-lAks, s. The distance between
the true and apparent place of any star viewed from the
earth.
PARALLEL, parirll-141, <T/JL Extended in the same
direction, and preserving always the same distance;
having the same tendency ; continuing the resemblance
through many particulars, equal.
PARALLEL, pariral-lel, s. Lines continuing their
course, and still remaining at the same distance from
each other; lines on the globe marking the latitude;
direction conformable to that of another line; resem-
blance, conformity continued through many particulars,
comparison made: any thing resembling another.
To PARALLEL, par-ral-131, v. a. To place so as
always to keep the same direction with another line;
to keep in the same direction, to level ; to correspond
to ; to be equal to, to resemble through many particu-
lars ; to compare.
PARALLELISM, par^ral l£l-izm, 5. State of be-
ing parallel.
PARALLELOGRAM, par-a-l§li!6-gram, 5. in geo-
metry, a right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose oppo-
site sides are parallel and equal.
PARALLELOGRAMICAL, par-a-l3l-A-gram-in<*-
kal, adj. 509. Having the properties of a paral-
lelogram.
PARALLELOPIPED, par-a-l£Mo-plip£d, *. A
prism whose base is a parallelogram.
To PARALOGIZE, pa ral-6-jtze, v. n. To reason
sophistical ly.
PARALOGISM, par-ral-16 jlzm, s. A false argu-
ment.
PARALOGY, par.ral-]o-j£, *. 518. False reasoning.
PARALYSIS, pa-raW-sIs, s. 5'2O. A )>aisy.
To PARALYZE, plr-a-lize, v. a. To weaken, to
deprive of strength as if struck with a palsy.
jrt» The very general use of this word, especially since
the F renc'.i revolution, seems to entitle it to a place in the
Dictionaries of our language ; as it not only more forcibly
expresses the common idea than to enervate or to deaden,
but serves to fill up those vacancies in speech, where there
is no verb to correspond to a substantive or adjective.
Hence Pope's happy coinage of the verb to sensualize
See the very to Panegyrize. A happier instance 01' the
use of this word, and a better authority for it, cannot be
given than in Hannah Move's Strictures on Education,
vol. i. page 49, where, speaking of the philosophic and
systematic vice of modern infidels on the Continent, she
says, " This cool, calculating, intellectual wickedness,
eab, out the very heart and core of virtue, and, like a
deadly mildew, blights and shrivels the blooming promise
nt the human spring. Its benumbing touch communi-
cates a torpid sluggishness, which paralyzes the soul. It
descants on depravity, and details its grossest acts as fri-
gidly as if its object were to allay the tumult of the pas-
sions, while it is letting them loose on mankind, by pluck-
ing off the muzzle of present restraint and future accouut-
ableness. "
PARALYTICAL, par-a-litit«i-kal, 7 .
9. 5 adj'
Palsied,
PARALYTICK, par-a-lititik, 509.
inclined to palsy.
PARAMOUNT, plr-i-muunt,' adj. Superior, hav-
Flatter-
ing the highest jurisdiction ; as, Lord Paramount, th«
ch.ef of the seigniory ; eminent, of the liigtvst ordei.
PARAMOUNT, par-a-mo&nt/ 5. The chief.
PARAMOUR, p.\iira-mo6r, *. fr. A lover or
wooer; a mistress.
PARA-NYMPH, par-ra-nimf, s. A bridcman, one
who leads the bride to her marriage ; one who coun-
tenances or supports another. Not used.
PARAPEGM, par-u-p£m, s. 389. A brazen table
fixed to a pillar, on which laws and proclamation*
were anciently engraved; a table of astronomical ob-
servations.
PARAPEGMA, par-a-p£g£ma, s_ The same as Pajr-
apegm. Plural, Parapegmata.
PARAPET, par-ra-peil, «. A wall breast high.
PARAPHERNALIA, par-a-fer-naMe-a, s. Good*
in the wife's disposal.
PARAPHIMOSIS, par-ra-te-mo'sls, t. 520. Dis-
ease when the pracputium cannot be drawn over the
glans.
PARAPHRASE, par-ra-fraze, s. A loose interpre-
tation, an explanation in many words.
To PARAPHRASE, par^ra-fraze, v. a. To inter-
pret with laxity of expression, to translate loosely.
PARAPHRASE, par-ra-fYast, s. A lax interpreter,
one who explains in many words.
PARAPHRASTICAL, par-a-fras-te-kal, 7. 509.
PARAPHRASTICK. par-i-fras-tlk, \ udj<
Lax in interpretation, not literal, not verbal.
PARAPHRENITIS, pir-a-fr^-ni-tls, s. An inflam-
mation of the diaphragm.
PARASANG, par-a-sang, s. A Persian measure of
length.
PARASITE, piKi-slte, s. 155. One that frequents
rich tables, and earns his welcome by flattery.
PARASITICAL, pai-a-s'St-te-kal,
PARASITICK, par-a-slt-tik, 509.
ing, wheedling.
PARASOL, par-ra-sol, a. A small sort of canopy or
umbrella carried over the head to shade from the sun.
PARATHESIS, pa-rikA-t^-sls, s. 520. A figure in
Grammar where two or more substantives are put in
the same case; as, " He went to the country where he
was born (France) and died there." In Hhetorick, a
short hint, with a promise of future enlargement. In
printing, the matter contained between two crotchets,
marked thus [ ~\.
To PARBOIL, par-boil, v. a. 81. To half boil.
PARCEL, par^sll, 4. 99. A small bundle ; a part of
the whole taken separately ; a quantity or mass ; a num-
ber of persons, in contempt ; any number or quantity,
in contempt.
To PARCEL, par^slJ, v. a. To divide into por-
tions ; to make up into a mass.
To PARCH, parish, v. a. 352. To burn slightly
and superficially.
To PARCH, parish, v. n. To be scorched.
PARCHMENT, p&rtsh'in£'iit, s. skins dressed for
the writer.
Poetiy,
tied beasts.
To PARDON, par-dn, v. a. To excuse an oft"e:i*
der: to forgive a crime ; to remit a penalty; PmUoti
me, is a word of civil denial or slight apology.
PARDON, pdr-dil, s. 17O. Forgiveness of an of*
fender; forgiveness of a crime, indulgence; remission
of penalty ; forgiveness received ; warrant of forgive-
ness, or exemption from punishment.
PARDONABLE, par-dn-i-bl, tutj. 509. Venial,
exeusalile.
PARDONABLENESS, par-dn-a-bl-n£s, ». Venial-
ness, susceptibility of pardon.
PARDONABLY, paiAln-a bit?, adv. Venial!;, ex-
cusably.
PARDONER, paridn-fir, s. 98. One whu forgives
another.
To PARE, pare, v. a. To cut off extremities ur the
surface, to cut away by little and little, to diiuMJiii*
uie writer.
PARD, parti, 7 '• The k'W'1 ; in
PARDALE, paridale, 5 any of the spotted 1
PAR
370
PAR
559. Kite 73, far 77, C&JI 83. fat 81 — mi93,m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 164,
PAREGORICK. piir-i-gflr-ik. adj. 509. In medi-
cine, having the power to comfort, mollify, and assuage.
PARENCHYMA, pa-r£nik^-ina, 4. A spongy sub-
stance; the pith of a plant.
PARENCHYMATOUS, par-£n-klmia-t&s, 7 a(lj-
PARENCHYMOUS, pa-r£nike>in&s, 5 314>
Spongy, pithy.
PARENESIS, pa-ren£e-sis *. 520. Persuasion.
J£5" Dr. Johnson, in the folio edition of his Dictiona-
ry, places the accent on the penultimate syllable of this
word, and Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Nares on the antepe-
nultimate, and the latter make the r long. Dr. Johnson
has several words of a similar termination for his accen-
tuation ; but analogy is clearer for Mr. Sheridan and Mr.
Nares with respect to accent, and directly agauist them
with respect to quantity ; for it is not the" long quantity
ol the original that can resist the shortening power of the
Engtbh antepenultimate accent in this word, any more
Uvnn in Diecrcsu, EpAemeris, Sic. which see.
PARENT, pa-r£nt, *. A father or mother.
PAKKNTAGE, parirSn-tadje, «. 9O. 515. Extrac-
tion, birth, condition with respect to patents.
PARENTAL, pa-r£n-t£l, adj. Becoming parents,
pertaining to parents.
PARENTHESIS, pa-r£n£(7i£-sls, * 520. A sentence
so included in another sentence, as that it may be ta-
ken out without injuring the sense of that which en-
closes it ; being commonl marked thus ( ).
PARENTHETICAL, p&r-to-jAfal^-Jkli, adj. 509.
Pertaining to a parenthesis.
PARER, pa-rur, s. 98. An instrument to cut away
the surface.
PARHELION, pir-hWi-in, s. 113. A mock sun.
PARIETAL, pa-ri-e-til, adj. Constituting the sides
or walls.
PARING, pa-rlnsr, S. 410. That which is pared oft
any thing, the rind.
PARISH, pAr-rlsh, i. The particular charge of a se-
cular priest; a particular division or district, having
• liners of its own, and generally a church.
PARISH, par-rlsh, adj. Belonging to the |>arUb,
having the care of the parish ; maintained by the pari»h.
PARISHIONER, pu-rish-Cm ar, s. Om> that belongs
to the parish.
PARITOR. pariri-t&r. *. 166. A beadle, a sum-
inoncr of the courts of civil law.
PARITY, parir^ tt^, s. Equality, resemblance.
PARK, park, t. 81. A piece of ground enclosed
and stored « ith deer and other bca.-ts <.i cu.i e.
PARKER, park-ur, i. 98. A park-keeper.
PARKLEAVES, park-levz, s. An herb.
PAKI.E, parl, s. Conversation, talk, oral treaty.
To PARLEY, par'le, v. n. To treat by word of
mouth, to talk, to discuss any thing orally.
PARLEY, parMe, *. Oral treaty, talk, conference,
discussion by word of mouth.
PARLIAMENT, pirM&-m£nt, *. 274. The assem-
bly of the king, lords, and commons; which assembly
is cf all others the highest, and of greatest authority.
PARLIAMENTARY, par-le-u .£n-t&-r4, adj. Enact-
ed by parliament, suiting parliament, peitainiug to
parliament.
PAR.LOUR, par-lur, s, 314. A room in monaster-
ies, where the religious mtet and eonveise ; a room in
houses on the tirst floor, elegantly furnished tor recep-
tion or entertainment,
PARLOUS, plr-lOs, adj. 314. Keen, sprightly, wag
gish. Not iu use.
PAROCHIAL, pa-r&-k£-&l, adj. Belonging to a pa-
rish.
PARODY, piriro d^, *. A kind of writing in which
the words of an author or his thoughts are taken, and
b> a slight change, adapted to some new purpose.
To PARODY, pir-i A-di, v. a. To copy by way of
l>arody.
PARONYMOCS, par-5n-ni-rn&s, adj. Resembling
another word.
PAROLE, pi ioK-/ s. Word given as an assurance.
PARONOMASIA, par-A-n4-mai»hi a, s.453. A rhe-
torical figure, i.i which, by the change of a letter or syl
lab.e, seveial things aie alluded to, as, " They are
Jiendt, noifriemli.
PAROQUET, par-&-k5t, *. A small species of parrot.
PAROTID, pi-rit^tld, adj. 5O3. Belonging to the
glands under and behind the ear.
£^» In this, and the following word, Dr. Johnson
ilaces the accent on the antepenultimate syllable, but
Mr. Sheridan and Dr. Ash much mure properly on the
penultimate, as here marked. It may, however, be ob-
•erved, that Dr. Johnson's accentuation of this word is
he more agieeable to analogy, as it comes from the Latin
Paruti ft, which, according to the general rule, by losing
a s\ liable, has its accent removed a syllable higher (See
Academy) ; but the succeeding word , Pttrottt, is a perfect
Latin word, and therefore preserves iis I aim accent on
the penultimate. — See Principles, No. o&3. b, aiul me
word Irreparable.
PAROTIS, pa-ro^tls, *. 503. A tumour in the glan-
dules behind and about the ears.
PAROXYSM, paii*6k-slzm, *. 503. A fit, periodi-
cal exacerbation of a disease.
PARRICIDE, •parir^-side, «. 143* 0*1^ who destroys
his father; one who destroys or invades any to wh- in
he owes particular reverence; the nunder ot' a father,
murder of one to whom reverence is due.
PARRICIDAL, pir-r^-si^dal, ) ..
„ , i j ,, « > adj Relating to
PARRICIDIOCS, par-re-sid-yus, J •
parricide, committing parricide.
PARROT, par-r&t, *. 166. A party-coloured bird of
the species of the hooked bill, remurkuule tor the exact
imitation of the human voice.
To PARRY, pal-re, v. H. To put by thrusts, to fence.
To PARSE, parse, v. a. 81. To resolve a sentence
into the elements or parts of speech.
PARSIMONIOUS, par-s«i-m6ii>e-as, adj. Covetous,
frugal, sparing.
PARSIMONIOUSLY, par-s£-mo^«£-iis.le,a</i\ Fru-
gally, sparingly.
PARSLMONIOI:SNESS> pa*-se-mo-ne-u:.-nes, *. A
disposition to spare.
PARSIMONY, par-s^-mun-4, 5. 503. 557. Fru-
gality, coveiousness, niggardliness. — i- or the o, see On-
vtcstick.
PARSLEY, pars^le, j. A plant.
PARSNIP, parsinlp, s. 99. A plant.
PARSON, par-sn, s. 170. The uriesi of a parish,
one that haa a parochial charge or cure of souls ; a cler-
gyman ; 11 is applied lo the teachers of the P«e»b_, leri-
ans.
ft5» The o before n, preceded by k, p, *> or t, is under
the same predicament asr;. that is, when the accent it
not on it, the two consonants unite, and the vowel is suji-
pressed ; as, beckon, capon, teuton, mutton, &c. pronouno-
ed beclc'n, cap'n, seas'n, trmtt'n, iStc. Parson, therefore,
ought to be pronounced with the o suppressed, and not
as Mr. Sheridan has marked it. — see Principles, No. 113.
170.
PARSONAGE, par^sn aje, s. 90. The benefice of a
parish.
PART, part, s. 81. Something less than the whole,
apoition, a quantity taken from a larger quantity i
that which in division falls to each; share', side, party ;
particular office or character ; character appropriated in
a play; business, duty; relation reciprocal ; in good
part, in ill part, as well done, as ill done; in thepiuraL,
qualities, powers, (acuities; quarters, regions, districts.
PART, part, adv. Partly, iu >oine measure. Nut in
use.
To PART, part, v- a. To divide, to share, to distri.
bute; to separate, to disunite; to break in rieces; to
keep asunder; to separate combatanta ; toscieen.
To PART, pArt, v. n. To be separated ; to tatre
farewell ; to have share ; to go away, to set out ; To part
with, lo quit, to resign, to lose.
PARTABLE, partia-bl, oil). 405. Divisible, such
as may be parted.
PARTAGE, part-adje, s. 90. Division, act of shar-
ing or parting.
To PARTAKE, par-tike/ v. n. pret- I partook.;
part, i/usf. Partaken, i o lia\« khare of auy thing; io
PAR
371
PAS
nor 1^7. not 163— tube 171, tftb 172, bull 173 — 611 299— pound 313 — </<in 466— THIS 4C9.
participate, to have something of the property, nature,
or ritfht ; to be admitted to, not to be excluded.
To PAKTAKE, par- take/ v. a. To share, to have
part in.
PARTAKER, pur-ta-kur, *. A partner in posses-
sion*, a sharer in any thing, an associate-with ;. accom-
plice, associate.
PARTER, part-UF, S.. 98k One that parts or separ-
ates.
PARTERRE, par-tan^ $. French. A level division
of ground.
PARTIAL, par-s!iAl, adj 81. Inclined anU-eedently
to favour one part in a cause, or on one side of the
question more th.m the other ; inclined to favour with-
out reason; affecting only one part, subsisting only ill
a part, not universal
PARTIALITY, pKr-ib&A&i-ti; * 542. Unequal
state of the judgment in favour of one above the other.
To PARTIALIZE, par-shal-ize, v. a. To make par-
tial.
PARTIALLY, parishal-lt*, adv. With unjust favour
or dislike; in part, not totally.
PARTIBILITY, par-te-biUle-tt*, *. Divisibility, se-
parability.
PARTIBLE, pii^te-bl, adj. 405. Divisible, separa-
ble.
PARTJCIPABI.E, par-tis-si*-pa-bl, adj. 405. Such
as may be shared or partaken.
PARTICIPANT, par tls-s£-pant, adj. Sharing, hav-
ir-tls-se-pati1, v. n. To par.
ing share or part.
To PARTICIPATE,
take, to have share; to have part of more things than
one; to have part of something common with another.
To PARTICIPATE, par-tls-s^ pate, v. a. To par-
take, to receive part of, to share.
PARTICIPATION, par-tls-s^-pa-sluin, s. The state
of sharing something in common ; the act or state of
partaking, or having part of something; distribution
division into shares.
PARTICIPIAL, par-ti sip'pi-al, adj. Having the
nature of a participle.
PARTICIPIALLY, par t£-slpip(*-al-l£, adv. In the
sense or manner of a participle.
PARTICIPLE, p&r-t£-sip-pl, s. A word partaking
at once i lie qualities of a noun and verb
PAHTICLE, pai-t<i-kl, s. 405. Any small portion
of a greater substance ; a word unvaried by inflexion.
PARTICULAR, par-dk-u-lur, adj. 17g. Relating
to single persons, not general ; individual, one distinct
from others; noting properties or things peculiar; at-
tentive to things single and distinct; single, not ge-
neral ; odd, having something that eminently distin
guishes him from others.
PARTICULAR par-tlkiiul&r, s. 88. A single in-
stance, a single point ; individual, private person ; pri-
vate interest ; private character, single self, state of an
individual ; a minute detail of things singly enumerat-
ed ; distinct, not general recital.
PARTICULARITY, par-tlk-ku-lAri^-t^, s. Distinct
notice or enumeration, not general assertion, singleness,
individuality ; petty account, private incident ; some-
thing peculiar.
To PARTICULARISE, par-tlk£kikla-rlze, v. a.
To mention distinctly, to detail, to show minutely.
PARTICULARLY, par-tikiku-lur-lti, ade. Distinct-
ly, singly, not universally ; in an extraordinary degree.
PARTISAN, par^te-zan, s. 524. A kind of pike or
halberd. ; an adherent to a (action ; the commander of
a party.
Jf^» All our orthoepists agree in accenting this word
on the first syllable. Mr. Nares says,. Dr. Johnson has im-
properly accented this word on the last ; but, both in the
folio edition of his Dictionary, and the quarto printed
since his death, the accent is on the first. There is not
he time uniformity in the accentuation of the companion
to this word, artisan ; for though Mr. Nares, Mr. Perry,
Or. Ash, W. Johnston, Buchanan, Bailey, Fen'.mg, arid
Kntick, accent the ftrst syllable, Dr. Johnson, in both >.
<1it ions of his Dictionary, Mr. Sheridan, Mr Scott, an
Mr. Barclay, at cent the last; and Dr. Ken 'ick places an
accent on both first and last. The same diversity appears
in the accentuation of courteian, a word of exactly the
same form ; which is accented by Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Soott,
W. Johnston, Mr. Nares, Penning, and Kritick, on tho
bist syllable; and by Dr. Ash,, Dr. Kenrick, Buchanan,
Barclay, Bailey, ami Penning,, on the first: ami by Mr
Perrv both on the ffrst and last.. The truth is, these thrve
words-are among those which admit of the accent either
on the first or last syllable, and this has produced the di-
versity we find hi our Dictionaries, 5i.'4. The accent on
the first syllable seems the more agreeable to our own
analogy, and ought to be preferred, A03.
PARTITION, p&r-tisli-Cm, s. The act of dividing, a
state of being divided ; division, separation, distim^
tion ; part divided from the re>t, separate part : that by
which different parts are separated ; part where sepa-
ration is made.
To PARTITION, par-tlsli-un, v. a. To divide
into distinct parts. Little used.
PARTLET, pai t,il£t, s. A name given to a hcu, the
original signification being a ruff or band.
PARTLY,
degree.
adv. hi some measure, in some
PARTNER, part^nur, *. 98. Partaker, sharer, one
who has part in any thing; one who dances with ano-
ther.
To PARTNER, part-nur, o. a. To join, to associ-
ate with a partner. Little used.
PARTNERSHIP, part£nur-ship> s. Joint interest or
property ; the union of two or more in the same traile-
PARTOOK, par-took,' pret. of Partake.
PARTRIDGE, pir-ti Idje, s. A bird of game.
PARTURIENT, par-tu£r£ 3nt, adj. About to bring
forth.
PARTURITION, pir-tshu-rlsh-un, s. The state of
being about to bring forth.
PARTY, par-ti, s. A number of persons confeder-
ated by similarity of designs or opinions in opposition
toothers: one of two litigants; one concerned in any
affair; side, persons engaged against each other ; cause,
side; a select assembly; particular person,, a person
distinct from, or opposed to, another ; a de.achmeiit
of soldiers.
PARTY-COLOURED, par-t4-kuMurd, adj. H..V-
ing diversity of colours.
PARTY-MAN, parUtUman, *. A factious person ;
an Abettor of a party.
PARTY-WALL, par-t^-wall/ *. Wall that separates
one house from the next.
PARVITUDE, par-v^-tude, S. Littleness, minute,
ness.
PARVITY, par-vt^tt*, s. Littleness,
PASCHAL, pas^kal, adj. 88. Relating to the pass-
over; relating to Easter.
To PASH, pash, v. a. To strike, to crt'sh.
PASQUE-FLOWER, paskiflou-ur, $. A plant.
PASQUIN, pis-kwin, 414- 7
PASQUINADE, pas-kwln-ade,' J* A l*mv°°n-
To PASS, pas, t/. n. To go, to move from one place
to another, to be progressive ; to go, to make way ; to
make transition from one thing to another ; to vanish,
to be lost ; to be six-lit, to go away ; to be at an end,
to be over; to be changed by regular gradation ; to be
enacted, to gain reception, to become current; to oc-
cur, to be transacted; to determine finally, to judf'e
capitally; to exceed; to thrust, to make a push in
fencing ; to omit ; to go through the alimentary duct ;
to be in a tolerable state j to Pass uway, to be lost,
to guide off, to vanish.
To* PASS, pas, v. a. To go beyond ; to go through,
as, the horse Passed the river ; to spend time; to move
hastily over; to transfer to another proprietor; to
strain', to percolate; to vent, to let out ; to utter lerts
moniously ; to utter solemnly ; to transmit ; to put an
end to; to surpass, to excel ; to omit, to neglect; to
transcend, to transgress ; to admit, to allow; to enact
a law; to impose fraudulently ; to practise artfully, .to
make succeed ; to send fron one place to another ; to
Pass away, to spend, to waste ; to Pass by, to excuse^
to forgive; to neglect, to disregard; to Pass over, to
omit, to let go unregarded; to come to Puss, to be ef-
fected.
PASS, pas, *. A narrow entrance, an avenue ; pas-
sage, road ; a permission to go or come any wlu»e ; an
PAS
PAT
559- Fate 73, far 77, fill 8f>, fit £1 — m& 93, mAt 9.'— p:ne 105, pin 107 — nA JG2, mAve 164
order by which va;*rnnts or impotent persons are sent i PASTE
to their 'place of abode; push, thrust in fencing; state,
condition.
PASSABLE, pAs-sA-bl, adj. 4O5. Possible to be
or travelled through or over 5 supi«>rtable, to-
lerable, allowable: capable of admission or reception.
PASSADO, pAs-sa^do, s. A push, a thrust. — See
Lumbago.
PASSAGE, pas'sldje, s. 90. Act of passing, travel,
course, journey : road; way; entrance or exit; liber-
ty to pass ; intellectual admittance, mental acceptance;
unsettled state ; incident, transaction ; pail of a book,
single place in a writing.
PASSED, past, jtret. and jxirt. of Pass. — See
Principles, No. 5b7.
PASSENGER, pas^sln-j&r, *. 99. A traveller, one
who is upon the road, a wayfarer; one who hires in
any vehicle the liberty of travelling.
PASSER, pas'sftr, s. 98. One who j>asses, one that
is upon the road.
PASSIBILITV, pis-s^-bll'W-ti, s. Quality of re-
ceiving impressions from external agents.
PASSIBLE, pAs-se-bl, adj. 405. Susceptive of im-
pressions from external agents.
PASSIBLENESS, pA»ise-bl-n£s, j. Quality of re-
ceiving impressions from external agems.
PASSING, pAsi-sin^, jiart. adj. 410. Supreme, sur-
passing others, eminent ; it is used adverbially to en-
force the meaning of another word; exceeding.
PASSINGBELL, p&s-slng-b^l, *. ITie bell which
rings at the hour of departure, to obtain prayers for the
passmp soul; it is often used for the bell which rings
immediately after death.
PASSION, pish-Cm, *. Any effect caused by exter-
nal agency ; violent commotion of the mind ; anger,
real, ardour; love; eagerness: emphatically, the last
suffering of the Redeemer of the world.
PASSION-FI.OWEII, pAsh-an-flou-Cir, s. A plant
PASSION-WEEK, pash'&n-w^ek,' 5. The week im-
mediately preceding Easter, named in commemoration
of our Saviour's crucifixion.
PASSIONATE, pashi&n-n-At, adj. 9.1. Jloved by
passion, causing or expressing great commotion of mind;
easily moved to auger.
PASSIONATELY, pishA&n-nat-U, adv. With pas-
sion ; with desire, love, or haired ; with great commo-
tion in' H. >nd ; angrily.
PAS&IONATENESS, pislA'inrnat-r(£s, s. State of
being subject to passion ; vehemence of mind.
PASSIVE, pAs-stv, adj. 158. Receiving impression
from some external agent ; unreMstir.g, not opposing ;
suffering, not acting ; in Grammar, a verb passive is
that which signifies passion.
PASSIVELY, pis^siv-le, adv. With a passive na-
ture.
*. 74. Any thing mlxevl up so at
to be viscous and tenacious ; (lour and water boiled to
gpther so as to make a cement ; artificial mixture, in
mitation of precious stones.
To PASTE, paste v. a. To fasten with paste.
PASTEBOARD, pastc-bord, s. A kind of coarse^
thick, stiff paper.
PASTEBOARD, paste-bord, adj. Made of pasteboard.
PASTERN, ^asitlirn, s. 98. The distance between
the joint next the foot, and the comet of a horse ; the
legs of any animal, in drollery.
PASTIL, pis-til, s. A roll of paste ; a kind of jien-
cil.
PASTIME, pastime, *. Sport, amusement, diver-ion.
PASTOR, pAsit&r, s. 166. A shepherd, a clergy-
man who has the care of a flock.
PASTORAL, pAsit&r-Al, adj. 88. Rural, rustic*.
beseeming shepherds, imitating shepherds
the care of souls — For the o, see
relating to
PASTORAL, pAs-tCir-Al. s. A poem relative to the
incidents in a country life, an idyl, a bucoiick.
PASTRY, pa^str^, a. The act of nuking pies ; pie»
or baked paste; the place where pastry b made.
PASTRY COOK, pa-str4-k65k, s. One whose trade Vs
to make and sell things baked in iraste.
PASTURABLE, pAs-tsh{i-ra-bl, adj. Fit for pasture.
PASTURAGE, pAs-tshi-radje, s. 90. The b»>ii.e-s
of feeding cattle; lands grazed by cattle; the use of
pasture.
PASTURE, pAs'tsh&re, s. 461. Food, the act of
feeding ; ground on which cattle feed ; human culture,
education.
To PASTURE, pAsAshfire, v. a. To place in a pas-
ture.
To PASTURE, pAs-tshure, v. n. To graze on the
ground.
PASTY, pAs't£, *. 515. A pie of crust raised with-
out a dish ; a pic.
PAT, put, adj. Fit, convenient, exactly suitable.
PAT, pat, s. A light quick blow, a tap ; a small
lump of matter beat into shape with the hand.
To PAT, pat, v. a. To strike lightly, to tap.
PATACOON, pAt ti-k&dn,' 5. A Spanish coin worth
four shillings and eight-pence English.
To PATCH, patsh, .«. a. To cover with a piece tev-
.ed on ; to decorate the face with small spots of black
silk; to mend clumsily, to mend so as that the original
strength or beauty is lost ; to make up of shreds or dif-
ferent pieces.
PATCH, patsh, *. 352. A piece sewed on to cover
a hole ; a piece inserted in moaaick or variegated v ork ;
a small s)xit of black silk, put on the face ; a small par-
ticle ; a parcel of land.
98. .One that patches, a
PASSIVENESS, pfcttr-nfc, 5. Quality of receiv- p.TCHElL ultshi
ing impression from external agents ; possibility, power ^ ^ "
of suffering. oo[ 'ner-
'PASSIVITY, pas-slvivi-ti, *. Pasiiveness. PATCHERY, patsh-fir-^, ?. Botchcry, bungling work.
PASSOVER,
the Jews, in memory of the time when Gr
the first-born of the Egyptians, passed over the habi-
tations of the Hebrews;' the saciiticc killed.
PASSPORT, pas'pArt, s. Permission of egress.
PAST, pAst, jmrt. adj. Properly jtassed. Not pre-
«ent, not to come ; spent, gone through, undergone. —
See Principle*, No. «>G7.
Jf5" TTiis contraction, in every word but the preposi-
tion, is a disgrace to our orthography. It took its rise,
hi ail prob:bility, from words ending in it, with which it
was rhymed, as that of Pope :
" Which not alone has thane on ages fill,
" Hut lights the present, uul >IiaJI warm the la*."
Bat us we see that posiest, lireit, and many others, spell-
el in this manner to accommodate rhymes to the eye
merely, have recovered their true form ; there is no rea-
son why this word should not do the same.
PAST, pAst, f, Ellintically used for passed time.
PAST, past, Jirt-Ji. 367. Beyond in time ; no longer
capable of; beyond, nut of reach of; beyond, farther
tkaii ; above, more than.
, s. Work made by sew.
it colours interchangeably
ing small piece
together.
PATE, pate, $. The head.
PATED, pa^t^d, adj. Having a pate.
PATEFACTION, pAt-te-fak^shfrn, i. Act or stale
of opening.
PATEN, patiln, s. 103. A plate. Obsolete.
PATENT, pAt-tent, or pa-tent, adj. Open to the
perusal of all, as, letters Patent ; something appropri-
ated by letters patent.
BThis word, when an adjective, is, by Dr. Ken-
V. Johnston, and Buchanan, pronounced with ths
a long, as in paper i but bv Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr.
Ash, Mr. Perry, and Entick, short, as in pat. But when
the word is a substantive, it is pronounced with the a
short by Mr. Nares and all those orthoepists, except Bu-
chanan. That the adjective should by some IK- pronounc-
ed with the a long, is a remnant of that analogy which
might to prevail in all words of this kind, 5H ; but the
uniformity whh which the substantive is prnnoumcd
I A itu the a short, precludes all hope of alteration.
PAT 873 PAY
n6Y 167, not 163 — t&be 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
PATENT, pAt-t^nt, *. A writ conferring some ex-
clusive right or privilege. — Sec the adjective Patent.
PATENTEE, p&l-t£n-tte/ s. One who has a patent.
PATERNAL, pa-t£r~nal, <u#. 88. Fatherly, having
the relation of a father; hereditary, received in succes-
sion from one's father.
PATERNITY, pa-t5r-n£ t«, S. Fatherdjip, the re-
lation of a father-
PATH, p&/A, *. 78. 46?. Way, road, tracjf.
PATHETICAI., pi //^titikal, ) ,. .
rATHETiCK, pa-<A4tidk, 509. \ a(*' Affi3Ctlne
the passions, passionate, moving.
fidv. In such
PATHETICALLY,
a manner as may strike the passions.
PATHETIC A LNESS. pi-fA<h-t4-kAl-n£s, s. Quality
<af being p:ill>ctiek, quality of moving the passions.
PATHLESS, pvU/t'-l&s, adj. Untrodden, not marked
with paths.
PATHOGNOMONICK, pa-</«5g-nA m&nMk, adj.
509. Such signs of a disease as are in*paraMc, design-
ing tbe essence or real nature of the disease; not symp-
toinatick.
J£5" Mr. Sheridan has suppressed the g in this word as
In gnomon, without considering, that when a syllable pre-
cedes, the^ unites with it, and is to be pronounced. Thus
this letter is mute in tign, but pronounced in signify.
The same may be observed of resign, and resignation,
I '.fiign, and indignity, flze.
PATHOLOGICAL, paiA-A-l&dfj£-kal, adj. Relating
to the tokens or discoverable effects of a distemper.
PATHOLOGIST, pa-*/i&M6-jlst, s. One who treats
of pathology.
PATHOLOGY,
*. 518. That part of
medicine which relates to the distempers, with their
differences, causes, and effects incident to the human
body.
PATHOPOIEA, pA//4-^-poU^-i, *. (From (be Greek
*a.St(, passion, and ire/ui. to cause.) The a t of mov-
ing the passions; the method made use of to move the
passions ; an address to the passions.
PATHOS, pk-tft&s, s. (From the Greek.) Passion,
warmth, affection of mind.
PATHWAY, pdl/ii\vA, *. A road, strictly a narrow
way to be passed on foot.
PATIBULARY, pa-tib-bu-la-r<*, adj. Belonging to
tiie gallows.
PATIENCE, paish£nse.
The po.wer of suffering,
endurance, the power of expecting iong without rage
or discontent, the power of supporting injuries with-
out revenge; sufferance, permission ; an herb.
PATIENT, pa-sh£nt, adj. 463. Having the qua-
lity of enduring; calm under pain or aSiiction ; not re-
vengeful against injuries, not easily provoked; not dus-
ty, not viciously eager or impetuous.
PATIENT, pa-sh&nt, *. That which receives im-
pressions from external agents ; a person diseased.
PATIENTLY, p&-sh£nt-l«, adv. Without rage un-
der pain or affliction; without vicious impetuosity.
PATINE, pit-tin, *. 140. The cover of a chalice.
PATLY, pat-14, ado. Commodiously, fitly.
PATRIARCH, paitr£-ark, *. 534. 353. One who
governs by paternal right, the father and ruler of a fa-
mily ; a bishop superior to archbishops.
PATRIARCHAL, pA-tr£-&r-k&l, adj.. Belonging tq
patriarchs, such as was possessed or 'enjoyed by patri-
archs ; belonging to hieiarchieal patriarchs.
PATRIARCHATE, pa-tr£ ir-kit, 91.
PATHIARCHSHIP, p&n-irk-sbip,
oprick superior to archbi thopricks.
PATRIARCHY, paitr<*-ar-k£, *. 505. Jurisdiction
of a patriarch, patriarchate.
PATRICIAN, pa-trisli-frn, adj. Senatorial, noble,
not plebeian.
PATRICIAN, pa-trlshiin,
the Romans.
s. A nobleman among
PATRIMONIAL, pat.tr£-mo-ne-al, adj. Possessed
by inheritance.
PATRIMONY, pat-tr^-m&n-n(*, *. An estate pos-
sessed by inheritance. — For tiie t>, sec Dumettick
PATRIOT, paitre-6t, t. 5O5, 534. One whose rul.
ing passion is the love of his country.
PATRIOTISM. p&tnMkt-lzm, *• 166- Love of one's
country, zeal for one's country.
PATROL, pi-trAli-,' s. The act of going the round*
in a garrison, to observe th.it orders aw kept; those
that go lite rounds.
JC^" All our orthoepists give this word, both as notm
and verb, the accent <rn the last syllable, except Mr. Nare->,
who wishes to reduce it to the accentual distinction so of-
ten observed, 492. Johnson's folio edition has ihe act-cut
of both words on the first, but the quarto accents both on
the last ; and this accentuation, it is certain, is the most
received in the polite work!.
To PATROL, pi-t-rolt',' v. M. To go the rouinJs in
a camp or garrison.
PATRON, pa^trtn, 5. 166. One who countenances,
supports, or protects; a guardian saint , advocate, de-
fender, vindicator; one who has donation of ecclesiasti-
cal preferment.
PATRONAGE, pSt'triji idje, s. 90. Support, pro-
tection ; guardianship of saints ; donation of a benefice,
right of conferring a benefice.
#??• That the first syllable of thrs wortl is short, and
that of patron long, is'owing to the shortening power of
the antepenultimaue accent, 503.
PATRON A L, p&t-rA-nil, adj. Protecting, support-
ing, guarding, defending.
fcjjr- This word, like matronal, has a diversity of J«TO-
nuneiation in pur Dictionaries, which shows, the necessity
of recurring to principles in order to fix its true sound.
Buchanan places the accent on the first syllable, but whe-
ther he makes the a long or short cannot be known. Or.
Ash places the accent on the came syliahie; and though
he makes the a in matronal short, yet he makes the same
letter in this woid loug as in patron. Barclay and Ken-
ning lay the stress upon the first of matronal, and on the
second of patronal: Perry and Entick place the accent oji
the first of both tluse words, but make the a in mairowl
loup, and the same letter in patronal short. Bailey ac-
cents the second s liable of this word.
PATRONESS, pa£tran-£s, *. A female that de.
fends, countenances, or supports; a female guardian
fcaint.
Jt^r I am well aware of the shortening power of U»e
aotepf nultnrvate invent in patruiuitic, luilruiuie, He. but
cannot, as Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Dr.
Kenrick, and Mr. I'eny, have Anne, allow it that power
in patroness, because the feminine termination en is as
much a subjunctive of our own. at. t lie participial termina-
tions ing or ed, or the plural number, and therefore newer
pught to alter the accent or quantity of the original word.
-T&C frinciplcs. No.. 386. 199.
To PATRONISE, pn&trtalw, v. a. 503. To pro-
teet, to support, to defend, to countenance.
PATRONYMICS, pit-tri-nimimik, adj. 509. 530.
Expressing the name of a father or ancestor.
PATTEN OF A PILLAR, pat-tin, *. 99. Its base.
PATTEN, pitUin, s. 99. A shoe of wood with an
iron ring, woru under the common shoe by women.
PATTENMAKER, pit-tln-ma-kur, s. He that makes
pattens.
To PATTER, pit-tfir, v. a. 98. TO wake a poi»e
like the quick steps of many feet, pr like the beating of
liait
PATTERN^ pSt-tfirn, *, The original proposed to
imltati .n, the archetype, (hat which i? to be eopied ; a
specimen, a part shown as a sample of the rest ; an in-
stance, an example ; any thing cut out in paper u> di-
rect the cutting of cloth.
PAUCILOQUY, paw-sillo-kwe, t. 518. A short
speech, speaking little.
PAUCITY, paw^-te, s. Fewness, smallness of num-
ber ; smallness of quantity.
To PAVE, pave, v. a. To lay with brick or stone,
to floor with stone ; to make a )iass;if;e easy.
PAVEMENT, pav<.-m£nt, t. Stones or bricks laid
on the ground, stone floor.
PAVER, pa-vur, 99.
PAVIER, pave-yfir, 113
-I
s. One who lays with
stones. This word is more frequently, but, perhaps,
less properly, written Paviour.
PAVILION, pa-viliy&n, ». 113. A tent, temporary
fa uioveibU' house.
2 Q
PEA
374
PEC
fc> 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat SI — mi 93, met 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mSve 154,
To PAVILION, pS-yll-yfin, r. a. To furnish with
tents ; to be sheltered by a tent.
PAUNCH, parish, $.214. The belly, the region of
the guts.
To PAUNCH, parish, v. a. To pierce or rrp the
belly, to exentenite.
PAUPER, pawip&r, a. 98. A poor person.
PAUSE, pawz, ». 213. A stop, a place or time of
intermission; suspense, doubt ; break, paragraph ; ap-
parent separation of the parts of a discourse ; place of
suspending the voice marked in writing, thus; — a stop
or intermission in musick.
To PAUSE, pXwz, r. n. 213. To wait, to stop,
not to proceed, to forbear for a time ; to deliberate ; to
be intermitted.
PAUSED., paw-z&r, j. 98. He who pauses, he who
deliberates.
PAW, paw, *. 219. The foot of a beast of prey •
hand, ludicrously.
To PAW, paw, v. n. To draw the fore foot along
the ground, a mark of impatience in a horse.
To PAW, paw, v. a. To strike with the fore foot ;.
to handle roughly.
PAWED, pawd, adj. 359. Haying paws ; broad-
footed.
To PAWN, pawn, v. a. To pledge, to give in
pledge.
PAWN, pawn, s. Something given in pledge as a
security for money borrowed or a promise made; the
state of being pledged ; a common man at chess.
PAWNBROKER, pawnibrA-k&r, j. One who lends
money upon pledge.
To PAY, pa, v. a. 220. To discharge a debt ; to
dismiss one to whom any thing isdue with his money ;
to atone, to make amends by suffering; to beat ; to re-
ward, to recompense ; to give the equivalent for any
thing bought.
PAY, pa, *. Wages, hire, money given in return for
service. ^
PAYABLE, paii-bl, adj. 4O5. Due, to be paid ;
such as there is power to pay.
PAYDAY, pa-(ia, s. Day on which debts are to be
discharged or wages paid.
PAYER, paiur, s. 98. One that pays.
PAYMASTER, paimas-t&r, *. One who is to pay,
one from whom wages or reward is received.
PAYMENT, pa-m<, * The act of paying ; the dis-
charge of debt or promise ; a reward ; chastisement,
sound beating.
PEA, pi, s. 227. A well-known kind of pulse.
JC^" When the plural of this word signifies merely num-
ber, it is formed, by adding s, as, " They are as like as
two peas." When quantity is implied, * is added to j, as,
" A bushel of pease.' The pronunciation, in both cases,
is exactly the same ; that is, as if written pete.
PEACE, pise, a. 227; Respite from war ; quiet from
suits or disturbances ; rest from any commotion ; re-
conciliation of differences; a state not hostile; rest,
freedom from terror, heavenly rest ; silence, tuppres-
sion of the thoughts.
PEACE, pise, inlerj. A word commanding silence.
PEACE OFFERING, pese-Sf!f&r-ll>g, s. Among
the Jews, a sacrifice or gift off red to God for atone-
ment and reconciliation for a crime or offence.
PEACEABLE, pest-ia-bl, adj. 4O5. Free from war,
free from tumult ; quiet, undisturbed ; not quarrel-
some, not turbulent.
PEACEABLENESS, pise^a-bl-nis, 3. Quietness, dis-
position to peace.
PEACEABLY, peseta bli, adi*. Without war, with-
out tumult ; without disturbance.
PEACEFUL, pise-tui, «.//'. Ouict, not in war ; pa-
eiriek, mild; undisturbed, still, secure.
PEACEFULLY, piseiful-k-, adv. Quietly, without
disturbance; mildly, gently.
PEACKFUI.NESS, pesr-ful-nis, s. Quiet, freedom
from disturbance.
PEACEMAKER, pescima-kur, j. One who recon-
ciles differences.
PEACEPARTED, pise-par-tW, adj. Dismissed from
the world in peace.
PEACH, pitsh, s. 227. A fruit tree ; the fruit.
To PEACH, pitsb, t>. a. 352. Corrupted from 1m
peach ; to accuse of some crime.
PEACH-COLOURED, petsh-kul-lfinl, adj. of a
colour like a peach.
PEACHICK, pi-tshlk, 4. The chicken of a peacock.
PEACOCK, p^k&k, «. A fowl eminent for the beau-
ty of his feathers, and particularly of his tail.
PEAHEN, pi-hin, s. The female of a peacock. See
Mankind.
PEAK, pike, ». The top of a hHl or eminence ; any
thing acuminated ; the rising forepart of a head-dress.
To PEAK, pike, ». w. To look sickly.
PEA!., pile, s. 227. A succession of loud founds
as of bells, thunder, cannon.
To PEAL, pile, v. n. To play solemnly and Ibnd.
To PEAL, pile, v. a. To assail with noise.
PEAR, pare, s. 73. 240. The name of a wctt-
known fruit-tree ; the fruit.
PEARL, pirl, s. 234. A gem generated in the body
of a testaceous fish ; a speck on the eye.
PEARLED, pirld, adj. 359. Adorned or set with
pearls.
PEAftLEYED, pirKWe, adj. Having a speck in the
eye.
PEARLGRASS, pirUgras, 1
PEARLPLANT, pirl-pllnt, > s. Plant*.
PEARLWORT, pirUw&rt, J
PEARLY, pirW, adj. Abounding with pearls, con-
taining pearls, resembling pearls.
PEARMAIN, pare-mam-,' s. An apple.
PEARTREE, pare-trii, s. The tree that bears pears.
PEASANT, plzizant, s. 88. 234. A hind, one whoss
business is rural labour.
PEASANTRY, piz-zant-ri, s. Peasants, rusticks,
country people.
PEASCOD, pis-kftd, 515. 1 J. The husk that
PEASHELI., piisbel, £ contains peas.
PEASE, pize, 3. Food of pease -- See Pen.
PEAT, pile, s, A species of turf used for fire.
PEBBLE, pil/bl, 405.
PEBBLESTONE, pibibl-stine,
distinct from flints, being not in layers, but one homo-
geneous mass ; a round hard stone, rather smooth on
the surface ; a sort of basfcnd pern.
PEBBLE-CRYSTAL, pib-bl-kr!sital, s. Crystal in
form of nodules.
PEBBLED, peb^bld, adj. 359. Sprinkled or a-
bounding with pebbles.
PEBBLY, pibibli, adj. Full of pebbles.
PECCABILITY, pik ka-biW-ti, s. state of being
subject to sin.
PECCABLE, pik^ka-bl. adj. 405. Liable to sin.
PECCADILLO, p£k-ka-diW6, s. A petty fault, a
slight crime, a venial offence.
PECCANCY, pikikiln-se, s. Bad quality.
PECCANT, pik-kint, adj. 88. Guilty, criminal;
ill-disposed, offensive to the Ixxly; wrong, deficient,
unfonnal.
PECK, pik, s. The fourth part of a bushel; pro-
verbia'ly, in low language, a great deal.
To PECK, pik, I.', a. T» strike with the beak as a
bird; to pick up food with she be.ik ; to strike with
any pointed instrument; to Ptt-U at, to be continually
finding fault with.
PECKER, pekik&r, *. 98. One that pecks ; a kind
of bird, as, the woodpecker.
PrcKLED, pik^kld, adj. 359. Spotted, varied with
spots.
PECTORAL, p^k-tfir-al, adj. 557. Belonging t»
the breast ; suiti-il to strengthen ihajjreast and storaaeh
— For the o, see DomitticJo.
*
PEE
375
PENT
lu'ir 167, n&t 163— tilx- 171, tfib 172, b&ll 173—51! 299— pound SJ3— Mi" 4G(:-THis 4r79.
PECTORAL, p£k-t&r-al, *. 88- A breast- plate; a
medicine proper to strengthen the breast and stomach.
To PKCULATE, p£kik6-lite, v. n. To rob or de-
frsiuil ttie publick.
I£> It is somewhat singular that this word as a verb is
not in any of our dictionaries ; nor do the substantives
seem to have been in general use, as Dr. Johnson pioduces
no authorities for them.
PECULATION, p£fc-k&-.li£4)$l^ *• Robbery of the
publick, theft of publick money.
PECULATOR, p£k-kh-la-t&r, s. 521. Robber of
the publick.
PKCULIAR, pe-ku-l<*-&r, adj. 88. Appropriate,
belonging to any one with exclusion of others ; parti-
cular, single.
PECULIARITY, p&-ki-l4-ai-t*-tt*, s. Particulari-
ty-, something found only in one.
PFCULIARLY, p<*-kii-l<*-ur-le. adv. Particularly,
s;ngly : in a manner not common to others.
PECUNIARY, p£-ku-n£-fir-e, adj. Relating to mo-
ney, consisting of money.
PKDAGOGUE, pW'da-gog, s. 338. One who teach-
es boys, a schoolmaster, a pedant.
PKDAL, p&dal. adj. Belonging to a foot
PEDALS, p&folals, or pedals, s. The large pipes
of an organ.
tr^- I have no doubt that Mr. Nares and Entick, who
vlopt the first pronunciation, have the best usage on their
sides; but am persuaded that Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott,
Buchanan, and Perry, who adopted the last, are more
analogical. See Principles, No. o45.
PF.DANEOUS, p4-dainii-&s, adj. Going on foot.
PEDANT, p&Udint, *. 88. A schoolmaster ; a
man vain of low knowledge.
PEDANTICK, pi dan'tlk,
PEDANTICAL, p^-danite-kil
ostentatious of learning.
PEDANTICALLY, pe-danAe-kal-t*, adt. With awk-
ward ostentation of learning.
PEDANTRY, p£d-dan-tr^, s. Awkwaid ostenta-
tion of needless learning.
To PEDDLE, p£d-dl, v. n. 405. To be busy about
trifles.
PEDDLING, ped-dl-lng, adj. 410. Petty dealing,
such as peddlers have.
" The spelling of this word might have informed
hnson of the true spelling of Pedlrr.
Awkwatdly
Dro .
PEDESTAL, p£d-des-tal, s. The lower member of
a pillar, the basis of n statue.
PEUESTRIOUS, pi-d^s-tr^-us, adj. Not winged,
going on foot.
PEDICLE, p&Ude-kl, s. 405. The footstalk, that
by which a leaf or fruit is fixed to the tree.
PEDICULAR, pi-tilkMifo-lar, adj. Having the
phthyriasis or lousy distemper.
PEDIGREE, pWd£*gr4, s. Genealogy, lineage,
account of descent.
PEDIMENT, ped-d^-m£nt, s. In Architecture,
an ornament that crowns the ordonnances, finishes the
fronts of buildings, and serves as a decoration over
gates.
PEUI.ER, p&Ulir, s. Properly Peddler. One
who travels the country with small commodities ; con-
tracted from petty dealer.
'|£jr- There is the same impropriety in spelling this
word with one d only as there would be in spelling toddler
ami fiddler in the same manner. — For the reasons, see
Coat.
PEDLERY, p£dM&r-£, *. 98. Wares sold by pedlers.
PF.DOBAFTISM, pdcl-dA-bapUIzin, s. Infant bap-
Jt3"'l have differed from Mr. Sheridan and several of
our i.rthoepists in making the first syllable of this word
short. I am authorised by the shortening power of Die
secondary accent, 550, notwithstanding the diphthong in
tin- original, which has no more influence in this word
than in Cifsarea, acnnontick and a thousand others.
I'LDOBAPTIST, p£d-d6-bap-tist, s. One that holds
or practises inf&nt baptism.
To I' :KL, ftdl. v. «. 246- To decorticate, to flay ;
to plunder. According to analogy this should be writ
ten Pill.
PEEL, pt-^1, S- The nkin or thin rind of any thiitg.
PEEL, p£el, S. A broad thin board with a long
handle, used by bakers to put their bread in and lake
it out of the oven
PEELER, pe&'&r, s. 98 One who strips or flays;
a plunderer.
To PEEP, pt^P, V- n. 246. To make the first ap-
pearance ; to look slily, closely, or curiously.
PEEP, pWp, *. First ap;>earaiice, as at the peep
and first break of day ; a sly look.
PEEPER, pWp-fir, s. 98. A young chicken ju»i
breaking the shell ; one that peeps.
PEEPHOLE, pWpihile 1 s Hp]e t
PEEPINGHOLE, peep-lng-nok>, ^
which one may look without being discovered.
PEER, pWr, S. 246. Equal, one of the same tank ;
one equal in excellence or endowments ; companion,
fellow ; a nobleman.
To PEER, pe^r, »>. n. By contraction from Apjwnr.
To come just in sight ; to look narrowly, to peep.
PEERAGE, p^«r-idje, « 90. The dignity of a peer ;
the body of peers.
PEERDOM, pWridtim, s. 1 66. Peerage.
PEERESS, pe^r^s, s. The lady of a peer, a wo-
man ennobled.
PEERLESS, pe<h--l£s, adj. Unequalled, having n«
peer.
PEERLESSNESS, p£»h--l£s nes, s. Universal supe-
riority.
PEEVISH, pW-visli, adj. 246. Petulant, waspUh,
easily offended, irritable, hard to please.
PEEVISHLY, pMWlsh-li, adv. Angrily, querulous-
ly, morosely.
PEEVISHNESS. pW-vlsh-nes, s. Irascibility, qua-
ruluusness, fretfulness; per. ersencss.
PEG, p^", *• A piece of wood driven into a hole,
the pins of an instrument in which the strings are strain
cd ; to take a Peg lower, to depress, to sink ; the nick-
name of Margaret.
To PEG. p^g, f. a. To fasten with a peg.
PELF, p£lf> «• Money, riches in an odious sense.
PELICAN, p£We-kan, s. 88. There are two forti
of Pelicans; one lives upon fish, the other keeps in
deserts, and feeds upon serpents; the Pelican is sup-
posed to admit its young to suck blood from its breast.
PELLET, pCWlt, s. 99. A little ballj a bullet, *
ball.
PELLETED, p£l-fit-t£d, adj. Consisting of bullets.
PELLICLE, pelM4-kl, s. 405. A thin tkin ; it ii
often used for the film which gathers upon liquors im-
pn irnated with salt or other substance, and evajiorated
by heat.
PELLITORY, p£l'le-tur-e, s. 512. 557. An herb.
PELL-MELL, p£l-m£l,' adj. Confusedly, tumultn-
ously, one among another.- See Slall.
PELLS, pelz, s. Clerk of the i>ells, an ofllcer be-
longing to the Exchequer, who enters every icllor's
bill' into a parchment roll called Pellis acttptorum, the
roll of receipts.
PELLUCID, p§l-16-^d, adj. Clear, transi>arcnt,
not opaque, not dark.
PELLUCIDITY, pOl hVsld^-t^, 7 Tr.nsn-
-• i i i ; " i t I ** liillIal)?V-
PEI.LUCIDNESS, pel lu-sld-n£s, ^
rency, clearness, not oi>acity.
PELT, p^lt, s. Skin, hide; the quarry "f a hawk
all torn.
PELTMONGER, p^lti-mQng-gur, s. A dealer in
raw hides.
To PELT, p£lt, V. a. To strike with something
thrown ; to throw, to cast.
PELTING, p^ltiing, adj. This word in Shakespeare
' signifies paltry, pitiful. Obsolete.
PELVIS, p£l-vls. .<;. The lower jmt of the belly.
I'l N, p^", *• An instrument of writing; ftaiher;
wing ; a small enclosure, a coop.
PEN
PEN
Y, p5n-ji-16si^-ti, 7
NESS, p^n-jii-l&s-nJs, $
*. The state
5.59. Fit* 73, fir 77,fall SS.fctSl — mi 93, in& 9S— jflne 105, pin 107 — ni 163, mftve 164,
PENITENTIAL, p£n-n£-t£n£shal, t. A book uireet.
ing the degrees of penance.
PENITENTIARY, p£n-n£-t3nisha-r£, s. One who
prescribes the rules and measures of penance, a peni-
tent, one who does penance ; the place where penance
is enjoined.
PENITENTLY, pSn^ni. t£nt-l£, adv. With repent-
ance, with sorrow for sin, with contrition.
PENKNIFE, p£n-nlfe, s. A knife used to cut pen».
PENMAN, p£n-man, *. 88. One who professes the
art of writing ; an author, a writer.
PENNANT, p£n£n4nt. s. 88. A small fl.-g, »nsign,
or colours ; a tackle for hoisting things on board.
PENNATED, p&n£na-t§d, adj. Winged. Pennatcd
among botanists, is applied to those leaves that grow
directly one against another on the same rib or stalk,
as those of ash and walnut-tree.
PENNILESS, p£n-n£-l£s, adj. Moneyless, poor,
wanting money.
PENNON, p&i-n&n, *. 1 66. A small flag or colour.
PENNY, p£n-ni, S. A small coin, of which twelve
make a shilling; a penny is the radical denomination
from which English coin is numbered ; proverbially, a
small sum ; money in general.
PENNYROYAL, pin n^-rSe-al, *. A well known
herb.
PENNYWEIGHT, p§nin£-wate, s. A weight con-
taining twenty-four grains Troy weight.
PENNYWISE, p^nin^-wize,' adj. One who saves
small sums at the hazard of larger ; with the addition of
pound foolish.
PENNYWORTH, p&n-n&.-whrth, i. As much as u
bought for a penny; any purchase, anything bought
or sold for money; something advantageously bought,
a purchase got for less than it is worth ; a small quait-
tity.
lf^* This word is commonly, and without vulgarity,
contracted into Pennvrth.
PENSILE, p4n-sil, adj. 140. Hanging, suspended ;
supported abo\e the ground.
PENSILENESS, p£n-Sll-n£s, *. The state of hanging.
PENSION, p£n-shfin, s. 451. An allowance made
to any one without an equivalent.
PENSIONARY, p£n-shun-a-r£, adj. Maintained
by pensions.
PENSIONER, p£n-sh&n-ur, s. 98. One who is sup.
ported by an allowance paid at the will of another, a
dependant.
PtNjIVE, pen-slv, adj. 428 Sorrowfully thought-
ful, mournfully serious.
PENSIVELY, p£n-slv.lt*, adv. Wi^i melancholy,
sorrowfully.
PKNSIVENESS, p£nislv-n5s, i. Melancholy, sorrow -
fulness.
PENT, p£nt, part. pass, of Pen. Shut up.
PENTACAPSULAR, pOn-ta-kapishi-lar, adj. Hav-
ing five cavities.
PENTACHORD, pcn^ta-kurd, *. An instrument
with five strings.
PENTAEDUOUS, p£n-ta-t*'drfrs, adj. Having five
sides. *
PENTAGON, p£n-ti-g5n, s. 166. A figure with
five angles.
PENTAGONAL, p£n-tag-& nil, adj. Quinquangu-
lar, hav ng five angles.
PENTAMETER, p£n timim^-tur, is. A Latin verse
of five feet.
PENTANGULAR, p4n-tAngig61Ar, adj. Five cor-
nered.
PKNTAPF.TALOUS, p3n-ta.p£ti.ta-lus, adj. Hav-
ing five petals.
PENTASIYI.E, p3i)itA-stlle, *. In Architecture, a
woik in which are fixe rows of columns.
PENTATEUCH, p6n-ti- tike, i 353. The five books
of Moses
"o PEN, p£n, «. a. To coop, to shut up, to incage,
to imprison in a narrow place ; to write.
,'ENAL, pe-nal, adj. 88. Denouncing punishment,
enacting punishment ; used for the purposes of punish-
ment, vindictive.
' °ENAI.TY, p£n'nal-t£, 7 •«
i tin i i t *• Punishment, cen-
I'ENAUTY, pe-nal-!e-te, }
sure, judicial infliction ; forfeiture upon non-perform-
ance.
I'ENANCE, pSn-nanse, *. Infliction either publick
or private, suffered as an expression of repentance for
sin.
PENCE, p£nse, ». The plural of Penny.
PENCIL, p^n-sll, *. 159. A small brush of hair
which painters dip in their colours ; any instrument of
writing without ink.
To PENCIL, pSn-sll, v. a. 159. To paint.
PENDANT, p£n-dant, $. 88. A jewel hanging in
the ear ; any thing hanging by way of ornament ; when
it signifies a small flag in ships, it is pronounced Pen-
nant.
PENDENCE, p^nWinse, *. Slopeness, inclination.
PENDENCY, p5nAl£n-s£, s. Suspense, delay of de-
cision.
PENDENT, pSn^d^nt, adj. Hanging ; jutting over ;
supported above the ground.
PENDING, p£nd-lng, adj. 410. Depending, r£-
maining yet undecided,
PENDULOSITY,
PENDULOUSNESS
of hanging, suspension
PENDULOUS, p£n-ju>l&s, adj. 376. Hanging, not
supported below.
PENDULUM, p£n£j&-l&m, s. 293. Any weight
hung so as that it may easily swing backwards and for-
wards, of which the great law is, that its oscillations
are always performed in equal times.
PENETRABLE, pJnin^-tra-bl, adj. Such as may be
pierced, such as may admit the entrance of another bo-
dy ; susceptive of moral or intellectual impresssion.
PENETRABILITY, p£n-n£-tra-bSW te, s. Suscep-
tibility of impression from another body.
PENETRANCY, p£n-n&.tran-s£, s. Power of en-
tering or piercing.
PENETRANT, p£n-n£-trant, adj. Having the power
to pierce or enter, sharp, subtile.
To PENETRATE, p&wiA-trAte, v. a. To pierce,
to enter beyond the surface, to make way into a body ;
to affect the mind ; to reach the meaning.
To PENETRATE, p£n-ne-trate, v. n. 91. To make
way.
PENETRATION, pen-ne-traish?in, j. The act of
entering into any body ; mental entrance into any thing
abstruse ; acuteness, sagacity.
PENETRATIVE, p£n-ne-tra-tiv, adj. 512. Pierc-
ing, sharp, subtile ; acute, sagacious, discerning; hav-
ing the power to impress the mind.
PENETRATIVENESS, p£i>-ii<*-tri-tlv-n£s, *. The
quality of being penetrative.
PENGUIN, p5n-gwln, s. A bird, which though no
higher than a large goose, yet weighs sometimes six-
teen pounds; a fruit, very common in the West Indies,
of a sharp acid flavour.
PENINSULA, p£n-ln-sh&-la, s. 452. A piece of
land almost surrounded by Ihe sea.
PENINSULATED, p£n-iu-siiu-la-t£d, adj. Almost
surrounded with water.
PENITENCE, pen-ne-tense, s. Remittance, sorrow
for crimes, contrition tor sin, with amendment of life
or change of the alleetions.
PENITENT, p£n-n4 tent, actf. Re[>entant, contrite
for sin, sorrowful for past transgressions, and resolutely
bent on amending life.
PENITENT, p£nin<* t£nt, $. One sorrowful for sin ;
one under censures, of the church, but admitted to
penance ; one under the direction of a confessor.
, ])^n-n^-t6n-slial, adj. Expressing
e, enjoined as ivniuice.
PENTECOST, p^n-tii-koste, *. A feast among tb*
{•MB
PER
ST7
PER
*or 167, not 16.% tAbe 171, l&b 172, bfill 173 — oil 299— pound 313 — thin 46C— THIS 4C9.
PENTHOUSE, p3nt-liouse, «. A shed hanging out
aslope from the main wall.
PENTILE, ptliftlle, *. A tile formed to cover the
sloping part of the roof.
PENT UP, p£nt, pnrt. adj. Shut up.
PENULTIMA, p£.n&Ut£-nia, s. The last syllablebut
one.
PENULTIMATE, p4-nul£t£-mate, adj. Belonging to
the last syllable but one.
PENUMBRA, p^-n&mMjri, *. An imperfect shadow.
PENURIOUS, pi nu£r<*-us, adj. Niggardly, spar-
ing, sordidly mean ; scant, not plentiful.
PENURIOUSLY, p4-nuW-fis-14, adv. Sparingly,
not plentifully.
PENURIOUSNESS, pi-n&W.&s-nis, * Niggardli-
ness, parsimony.
PENURY, p&n-nfi-rd, s. Poverty, indigence.
PEONY, p6-6-n£, s. A flower.
PEOPLE, p££-p1, s. 405. A nation, those who com-
pose a community: the vulgar, the commonalty, not
^the princes or nobles; persons of a particular class;
men, or persons in general.
PEOPLE, p&^pl, P. a. 256. To stock with in-
habitants.
PEPPER, p£p-pur, s. 98.
An aromatic pungent
kind of spice brought from India.
To PEPPER, p£p-pur, v. a. To sprinkle with pep-
per ; to beat, to mangle with shot or blows.
PEPPERBOX, p£pipur-boks, s. A box for holding
pepper.
PEPPERCORN, p'?p£p&r-k5rh, t. Any thing of in-
considerable value.
PEPPERMINT, p^p^p&r-mlnt, *. Mint eminently
hot.
PEPPERWORT, p&p-p&r-wfirt, *. A plant
t, p£p-tik, adj. Helping digestion.
PERADVENTURE, p5r-ad-v£n-tshure, ado. Per-
haps, may be, by chance.
To PERAMBULATE, p£r AmM>6-late, t;. a. To
, walk through ; to survey by passir g through.
PERAMBULATION, p^r-am-bu-la-shun, s. The
act of passing through or wandering over , a travelling
survey.
PERCEIVABLE, p5r-s^ivi-bl, adj. Perceptible, such
as falls under perception.
PEUCEIVABLY, p£r-s«iivA-bW, hrfn. In «uch a
manner as may be observed or known.
To PERCEIVE, p£r-s^ve/ v. a. To discover by some
sensible effects ; to know, to observe ; to be affected by.
PERCEPTIBILITY, p4r-s£p-u*-bi]ie.:t»i, *. The
state of being an object of the senses or mind ; percep-
tion, the power of perceiving.
PERCEPTIBLE, p£r s£p-te-bl, adj. Such as may be
known or observed.
PERCEPT. BLY, p5r-s£pite-bl<5, adv. In such a
manner as may be perceived.
PERCEPTION, p£r-s£p-shin, *. The power of per-
ceiving, consciousness; the act of perceiving; notion,
idea ; the state of being affected by something.
PERCEPTIVE, p£r-s<*pidv, adj. 511'. Having the
power of perceiving.
PERCEPTIVITY, p£r-s£p-tlv£e-t£, *. The power of
perception or thinking.
PERCH, parish, *. 352. A kind of fish.
PfcUCH, parish, t. A measure of five yards and a
half, a )«>!e ; something on which birds roost or sit.
To Pt'RCH, p£rtsli, v. n. To sit or roost as a bird.
TV) PERCH, pSrtsh, v. a. To place on a perch.
PERCHANCE, p5r-tsliunso,' adv. Perhai*. perad-
venture.
PERCIPIENT, p4r-slp-p£- 5n't,
having the power of perception.
Perceiving,
PfcUCrPlENT, p^r-slp-pe-ent, *. One that has the
power of perceiving.
To PERCOLATE, p£r-ku-l£te, v. a. To strain.
PERCOLATION, pJr-ko-la-sh&n, s. The act at
straining, purification or separation by straining.
To PERCUSS, p£r-kus,' v. a. To strike.
PERCUSSION, p^r-kfishi&n, s. The act of strik-
ing, stroke ; effect of sound in the ear.
PERCUTIENT, p5r-ku;isli£nt, *. Striking, having
the po«er to strike.
PERDITION, p^r-dlshi&n, 4. Destruction, ruin,
death ; loss ; eternal death.
PERDUE, p£r-du,' adv. Closely, in ambush.
PERDURABLE, p£ridu-ri-bl, adj. 293. Lasting,
long continued.
Jt5" Mr. Nares tells us that this word throws the accent
back to the fourth syllable from the end, though the de-
rivation demands ic otherwise. I am sorry to differ from
so judicious an orthoepist ; but cannot conceive that deri-
vation requires the same accent as on durable, since this
word Is, like many others, considered as a simple, derived
from the Latin perdurabifa, which though not a classical
word, is formed in the Latin analogy, and has the same
effect on English pronunciation as if it came to us whole ;
which effect is to place the accent in the anglicised word
on that syllable which had a secondary accent in Latin,
and that i's the first.— See Academy and Incomparable.
The reason that such a formative as wrdurabilis may
be admitted as the parent of perdurable, and not inti-r.
ferio that of interference, is, that we form Interference
from the verb to interfere, rather than from inicrferio,
which is not a Latin word, though perhaps in the Latin
analogy of formation ; but we have no verb to perdure
from which to form perdurable, and therefore allowably
follow the Latin analogy of formation, and the English
analogy of pronuncing such formative*.— »See Interfrr.
ence. Poetical authorities are decidedly in favour of ihu
accentuation.
< O ptrditraltt shame ! !«'» stab ourselves."— Shaktt.
- the TigVous sweat
' Doth lend the lively springs their perdurable heat."
« Why would h«, for the i
" Be perd*ral>ty nn'd ?**
Draytvn.
PERDUHABLY, p£riduvrA-bl4, adv. Lastingly.
PERDURATION, p£r-di-raish&n, *. Long conti-
nuance.
To PEREGRINATE, p£r£r£-gr£-nate, r. «, To
travel, to live in foreign countries.
PEREGRINATION, p^r-ri-gre-na^sh&n, *. Travel,
abode in foreign countries.
PEREGRINE, p£rir<^-grin, adj. 150. Foreign, not
native, not dome.- tick.
To PEREMFT, p£r-5tnt,' v. a. To kill, to crush,
A law term.
PEREMPTION, p^r-^m^sh&n, t. Crush, extinction.
Law term.
PEREMPTORILY, p£rir3tn-t&r-r£.l£, adv. Abso-
lutely, positively, so as to cut off all farther debate
PEREMFTORINESS, p£r-r£m-tfir-^-n£s, *. 412.
Positiveness, absolute decision, dogmatism
PEREMPTORY,
, or p£r tm'-
adj. 512. Dogmatical, absolute, such asdes'roys all
farther expostulation — .For the o,~see DoiHg.it id:
Jf^f* If we consult our orthoepists, there can scarcely be
any two pronunciations more equally balanced than those
that are given to this word. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares,
Mr. Smith, Dr. Ash, W. Johnston, Mr. Scott, and En-
tick, are for the first; and Dr. Johnson, Dr. Kenrick,
Bailey, Buchanan, Barclay, Fenning, and Perry, for the
last ; 'but notwithstanding the last has these authorities
to support it, I am much mistaken .jf the first has not
obtained a complete victory. That there is a strong ten-
dency in words of this kind to draw the accent high, is
evident ; jt is as evident, likewise, that those polysylla-
bles, which we <!erive from the Latin, incline to acccn.
that syllable on which we place a secondary accent in pro-
nouncing the original (see Academy and Ditputable) /
and provided there are no clusters of uncombinable con-
sonants in the latter syllables there is no reason why
this accentuation should be checked. This is the case
with the word in question ; the p is mute, t is easily pro
nounced after em, and the whole termination Is suffici-
ently smooth and voluble;, but in Perfunctory the caw
is different ; the uncombinable corisonanu net are not to
be pronounced without considerable ditliculty, if we place
the accent on the first syllable ; aaid therefore this accea»
PER
378
PER
559. FAte73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — ni 162, m.'.re
tuiition ought to be avoided as much as in Corruptible,
which see. The Poets incline to the side I have adopted :
" To-morrow be In readinest to go ;
« Excuse it not, for I ain ptrmptary.*
SHaktt.
" If I entertalne
" A< pcrrmpturit a desire, to lerel with the plaine
•• A citic, where they lov'd to lire ; stanit nol betwixt mj ir«
" And what he ain.s at." Chapman.
Ben Johnson too, in his Grammar, places the accent on
the first syllable of this word.
PERENNIAL, p£r-in'nA-Al, adj. 113. Lasting
through the year ; perpetual ; unceasing.
PERENNITY, p£r-r£n-n£-t£, *. The quality of last-
ing through all seasons, perpetuity.
PERFECT, pSr'fikt, adj. Complete, consummate,
finished, neither defective nor redundant; fully in-
formed, fully skilful; pure, blameless, clear, imma-
culate.
To PERFECT, p£rif£kt, v. a. To finish, to com-
plete, to consummate, to bring to its true state; to
make skilful, to instruct fully.
PERFECTER, p£r-f3kt-&r, s. 98. One that makes
perfect.
PERFECTION, p5r-f?kislifin, s. The state of be-
ing perfect ; something that concurs to produce su-
preme excellence; attribute of God.
Tu PERFECTIONATE, p£r-f5kish{m-ate, v. a. To
make perfect.
PERFECTIVE, p5r-f£kitlv, adj. 512. Conducing
to bring to perfection.
PERFECTIVELY, p£r-f£kitlv-l£, adv. In such a
manner as brings to perfection.
PERFECTLY, perif£kt-ie, adv. In the highest de-
gree of excellence; totally, completely; exactly, ac-
curately.
PERFECTNESS, p£rif£kt-n£s,». Completeness ; good-
ness, virtue, a scriptural word; skill.
PERFIDIOUS, p3r-fid-y&s, adj. 294. Treacherous,
false to trust, guilty of violated faith.
PERFIDIOUSLY, p6r-fld-y&s-le, adv. Treacherous-
ly, by breach of faith.
PERFIDIOUSNESS, p£r-f!diyfis-n3s, *. The qua-
lity oi being perfidious.
PERFIDY, per'-!&-d&, s. Treachery, want of faith,
breach of faith.
To PERFLATE, p£r-flate,' v. a. To blow through.
PERFLATION, p£r-fla-sh£m, s. The act of blow-
ing through.
To PERFORATE, p£r£fi-rate, ». o. To pierce with
a tool, to bore.
PERFORATION, p£r-fA-ra£sh&n, *. The act of
piercing or baring ; hole, place bored.
PERFORATOR, pSrifo-ra-t&r, 3. 521. The instru-
ment of boring.
PERFORCE, per-fArse, adv. By violence, violently.
To PERFORM, p&r-f&rmf or p£r-f6rm,' v. a. To
execute, to do, todischaige, to achieve an undertaking
Jt^3- There is a wanton deviation from rule in the pro-
nunciation of this word ami its derivatives, which calls
aloud for reformation. Pronouncing the last syllable
like form, a seat, is a gross departure from analogy ; as
will appear by comparing it with the same syllable in re-
form, conform, Inform, deform, transform, &.C. This
error seems chiefly confined to the stage, where it pro-
bably originated. It is not unlikely that some affected
actor, to give the word a foreign air, first pronounced it
in this manner ; though, in justice to the stage, it ought
to be observed, that it has less of this affectation than any
theatre of elocution in the kingdom.
Tu PERFORM, fir-ftamf v. n. To succeed in
an attempt.
PERFORMABLE, p£r-f6rmia-bl, adj. Practicable,
such as may be done.
PERFORMANCE, p^r-firimans, s. Completion of
something designed, execution of something piom i-eJ ;
composition, work; action, something done.
PERFORMER, p6r-f6rm-ur, i. 98. One that per-
forms any thing; it is generally applied to one that
makes a public exhibition of his "skill.
To PEIIFHII.ATE, pdr-lnJ-kate, v. n. To rub orer.
PERFUMATORY, p^r-frAna-tiir-i, adj. 512. That
perfumes.
PERFUME, p£rif&me, ». 492. Strong odour of
sweetness used to give scents to other things ; tvreet
odour, fragrance.
J£y- Kenning, Perry, Entick, Dr. Johnson, Buchanan,
W. Johnston, and Kenrick place the accent on the but
s> liable of this word, cither when a substantive or a verb.
As a substantive, Scott places the accent either on the
first or last, and Sheridan on the first. Mr. Nares has
shown at large, that the poets accent the substantive both
ways; but the analogy of dissyllable nouns and verbs
seems now to have fixed the accent of the substantive oil
the first, and that of the verb on the last. ,
To PERFUME, pdr-f'fime,' v. a. To scent, to im-
pregnate with sweet scent.
PERFUMER, p£r-tu-mur, s. 98. One whose trade
is to sell things made to gratify the scent.
PERFUNCTORILY, per-f&ngk-t&r-rd-li, ado.
Carelessly, negligently.
PERFUNCTORY, p£r-f&ngkitir-£, adj. Slight,
careless, negligent.
£5- I have differed from Mr. Sheridan and W. John-
ston, who accent this word on the first syllable ; but ha» e
Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Mr. Nares, Barclay, Kenning, Bai-
ley, Buchanan, and Entick, on my side for accenting ihe
second ; and this pronunciation, without any authority,
would be more eligible than the other, from the difficul-
ty of pronouncing the uncombi liable consonants in the
last syllables without the assistance of accent, especially
when we consider that the adverb perfunctorily and the
possible abstract noun perfunctoriness must necessarily
nave the same accent as the adjective. — See Peremptory,
Irrefragable, and Corruptible.
2 o PERFUSE, p£r-l ijzc,' v. a. 437. To tincture,
to overspread.
PERHAPS, p£r-hips,' adv. Peradvcnture, it may
be.
PERIAPT, p3r-rc-apt, *. Amulet, charm worn ai
a preservative against diseases or mischief. Obsolete.
PERICARDIUM, p£r-£-kar^d^-&in, *. 293. Th«
Pericardium is a thin membr;*ieof a conicK figure that
resembles a pur.-e, and contains the heart in its cavity.
PERICARPIUM, pe!r-4 karipe-fim, *. In Botany, a
pellicle or thin membrane encompassing the fruit or
grain of a plant.
PERICLITATION, plr-A-kli-taish&n, s. The state
of being in danger ; trial, ex|>eriment.
PERICRANIUM, p£r-«*-kra-n«* &m, s. The Pericra-
nium is the membrane that covers (he skulL
PERICULOUS, p^-rik-kii-15-i, adj. 314. Danger-
ous, hazardous
PERIGEE, per^-i^, )
T, • i • 1 1 i If. That point in the
PERIGEUM, per-e-je-um, J
heavens, wherein a planet is said to be in its nearest
distance possible from the earth. — See European.
PEIUHELIUM, p£r-«i h££l£ fun, *. That point of a
planet's orbit, wherein it is nearest the sun.
^ERIL, p&r-il, s. Danger, hazard, jeopardy ; de-
nunciation, danger denounced.
PERILOUS, p£r-ril-&s, adj 314. Dangerous, haz-
ardous, full of danger; it is used by way of emphasis,
or ludicrous exaggeration of any thing bad ; smart, wit-
ty. In this last sense out of use.
fc5" This word is commonly, but improperly, written
with double I, periUous, as it comes from the Fm.. n
pcrilcujc.
PERILOUSLY, per-ril-&s-lt^, adv. Dangerously.
1'ERII.OUSNESS, p£r-ril-&s-n£s, s. Dangeiousness.
PERIMETER, p^-rim-md-tur, 5. 98. The comi>a>s
or sum of all sides which bound any figure of what kind
soever, whether rectilinear or mixed.
PERIOD, p^-r£-&d, s. 166. A circuit; time in
which any thing is performed, so as to begin again in
the same manner; a stated number of years, a round of
time, at the end of which the things couipn>ed with n
the lalculatiou shall retuni to the state in which they
were at the beginning ; the end or conclusion ; the state
at which any thing terminates; length of duration : a
complete sentence from one full stop to another.
To PERIOD, pe-r£-&d, v. a. To put an end to.
An aflectcd word.
PER
379
nir 167, n&t 163— tibe 171, tub 172, bill 173— oil 299— pifind 313— lAin 466— THii 469.
PE*IOOICK, p4-r<* &d-lk, 509. 7 ,.
i i * i»jj i 11 f odj. Circular,
PERIODICAL, p£-re-6dide-kal, j
making a circuit, making a revolution ; happening by
revolution at some stated time ; regular, performing
some action at stated times; 'relating to periods er re-
volutions.
il-e, adv. At stat-
PERIODICALLY,
ed periods.
PERIOSTEUM, p^r-i-is^tslifim, *. All the bones
aie covered with a very sensible membrane called the
Periosteum.
I^ERVPATETIC, p£r-^-pa-t£t-Ik, S. One of the
ancient sects of philosophers, called Peripatetics; -so
called because they used to dispute walking up and
down the Lyceum at Athens. They were the follow-
ers of Aristotle.
PERIPHERY, p£-rlf-6*.re, t. Circumference.
PERIPHRASIS, p4 rlfifra-sls, s. 52O. Circumlocu-
tion ; u-e of many words to express the sense of one.
PERIPHaASTlCAL, p£r r^-(ras-t&-k41, adj. Cir-
cumlocutory, expressing the sense of one word in ro*ny-
PERIPWEUMONY, p^F-lp-n&imA-n4, ~)
PERIPNEUMGNIA, p4r-Ip-nu-m6in4-a, \
inflammation of the lungs — Sec Pathogttuotonick.
To PERISH, p^r-rlsh, t>. R. To die, to be destroy-
ed, to be lost, to come to nothing; to be in a perpetual
state of decay ; to be lost eternally.
PERISHABLE, p^rMsli-a-bl, adj. 405. Liable to
perish, subject to decay, of short duration.
PERISHABLENESS, pOi-rlsh^a-bl-nOs, s. Liable-
ness to be destroyed, liableness to decay.
PERISTALTICK, plr c-stiMk, adj. PeristaUick
motion is that vermicular motion of the guts, which is
made by the contraction of the spiral fibres, whereby
the excrements are pressed downwards and voided.
PERISTERION, p£r-is-ti-re>6n. «. The herb ver-
vain.
PERISYSTOLE, p^r-4-sisitA-li, s. The pause or in-
terval betwixt the two motions of the hoart or pulse.
PERITONEUM, p^r-^-ti-n4ium, j. 5O3. This lies
immediately under the muscles of the lower belly, ami
is a thin and soft membrane, which encloses all the
bowels.
To PERJURE, p£rijure, v. a. To forswear, to taint
with perjury.
PERJURER, ,p£r-ji-rir, «. 93. One that swears
falsely.
PEWJURY,
PERIWIG, p6r'-r&-\\\g, s. Adocititious hair for the
head; hair not natural, worn by way of ornament, or
concealment of baldness.
To PERIWIG, pir-r£-wig, v. a. Xo dress in false
hair.
PERIWINKLE, p3rir^-wlng-fc), adj. Asmallshel
fish, a kind of sea snail.
To PEIUC, p£rk, ,». n. To hold up the head with
an affected briskness.
To PERK, p£rk, t;. a. To dress, to prank.
PERLOUS, p£rilus, adj. Dangerous, full of hazard
Now written Perilotu.
PERMANENCE, p£r£ma-n£nse, 7
PERMANENCY, p£Kma-n£n-s<i, \ **
consistency, continuance in the same state.
PERMANENT, p£r-ma-n&n, adj. Durable, not de-
caying, unchanged.
PERMANENTLY, p^r-nna-n^nt-W, adv. Durably
lastingly.
PERMANSION, p£r matAhun, $. Continuaix:e.
PERMEABLE, p^r-ni^-u-bl, adj. 405. Such as may
be pasted through.
PERMEANT, p£r-m<i-aut, atlj. Passing through.
To PERMEATE, p^riMi^-ate, »). a. To pas,s through
PERMEATION, p^r-me-aishan, *. The act of pa
eing through.
I'EHMIS ;]«I.E, per-inl^se-bl, adj. Such as may
ti mingled.
FtRMIssiBLE, p4r-mis^-bl, adj. Tliat may be
Duration
PERMISSION, p5r-mlsh-&n, *. Allowance, grant at
liberty.
PERMISSIVE, p5r-mls-slv, adj. 158. Granting It-
oerty, not favouring; not hindering, though not ap-
proving ; granted, sutfeied without hinderance, not au-
thorized or favoured.
PERMISSIBLY, p£r-mlsislv-l4, ado. By bare al-
lowance, without hinderance.
PERMISTION, p£r-mls-tsh&n, *. 464. The act of
mixing.
To PERMIT, p£r-mlt,' v. a. To allow without com-
mand; to suffer without authorizing or approving; to
allow, to suffer, to give up, to resign. In this last tense
not very pro|>erly used.
PERMIT, p^r-mit, s. 492. A written permission
from an officer, for transiting goods from place to
place, showing the duty on them to have been paid
PERMITTANCE, p^r-tnltitanse, s. Allowance, for-
bearance of opposition, permission.
PEIUUXTION, p^r-mlksitshin, *. The act of min-
gling, the state of being mingled.
PERMUTATION, p£r-iui-taisli&n, *. Exchange at
one for another.
To PERMUTE, p5r-m6te,' v. a. To exchange.
PERMUTER, p£r-rn6£tfir, *. 98. An exchanger,
he who permutes.
PERNICIOUS, p£r- nlsil^fis, adj. 292. Mischievous
in the highest degree, destructive ; quick, in this sense
very improperly used by Milton.
PERNICIOUSLY, p£r-nishi&s-l«i, adv. Destructive-
ly, mischievously, ruinously.
s, pir-nibh-Cis-iies, s. The qnalU
ty of being pernicious.
PERMCITY, p£r-nis£s£-t£, *. Swiftness, celerity.
PERORATION, p^r-A-raish&n, s. The conclusion
of an oration.
To PERPEND, p^r-plnd/ «;. a. To weigh in th«
mind, to consider attentively.
PEWENDICULAR, pǤr.p4n-dikiii-lAr, adj. Cross-
right angles.
A line
ing at right angles ; cutting the horiz< MI at ri'g
PERPENDICULAR, p£r-p£n.dikii lir, «.
crossing the horizon at right angles.
PERPENDICULARLY, p£r pgn-dikMtii-lir-l^, ado
In such a manner as to cut another line at right an-
gles; in the direction of a straight line up and down.
PERPENDICULARITY, p^r-pen-dlk-ii-lAr^-t^, *
The state of being perpendicular.
PERPENSION, per- p£n.isli&n, s. Consideration.
To PERPETRATE, p£rip<*-trate, u. a. To commit,
to act. Always in an ill sense.
PERPETRATION, p£r-p^-tra-shfin, *. The act of
committing a crime ; a bad action.
PERPETUAL, p^r-pet-tsh6-il, adj. 461. Never
ceasing ; continual, uninterrupted.
'PERPETUALLY, p£r-p£t-tsh6-al-te, adv. Constant-
ly, continually, incessantly.
To PERPETUATE, p£r-p&itshfc.ate, v. a. To
make perpetual, to preserve from extinction, to eter-
nize; to continue without cessation or intermission.
PERPETUATION, p£r-p£t-tshu a-shfin, *. The act
of making perpetual, incessant continuance.
PERPETUITY, p^r-p^-t6^-t^, «. Duiation to all
futurity; exemption from intermission or cessation;
something of which there is no end.
|£j» For the reason tliat the t is not aspirated in this
word, see Futurity.
To PERPLEX, p£r-p]£ks/ v. a. To disturb with
doubtful notions, to entangle ; to embarrass, to mak*
intricate.
PERPLEXEDLY, p£r-pl£ks££d-l£, adv. 364. In-
tricately, with involution.
PERPLEXEDNESS, p£r-pl£ksi4d-n£s, s. 365. Em.
barrassment, anxiety; intricacy, involution, difficulty.
PERPLEXITY, plr-pl^ks^-t^, i. Anxiety, distrac-
tion of mind; entanglement, intricacy.
PEUPOTATION, p<?r-p6-ta-sli&ti, t. The act of
drinking largely.
PERQUISITE, per-kwlz-lt, s. 156. Something gain-
ed by a i>iace or ofik* ov«r and abxive tlm willed wagu
PER
380
PER
5.59. Kite 73, fir 77, falf 83,f3t 81 — rr,& 93, niSt 95 — pine 1O5, pin 107 — nA 1 62, mrWe
PERQUISITION, p^r-kwi-zlsh-un, j. An accurate
inquiry, a thorough search.
PERRY, pdr-ri, t. Cider made of pears.
To PERSECUTE, p£r£s£ k&te, v. a. To harass with
penalties, to pursue with malignity; to pursue with
repeated nets of veugeaiice or enmity; to import one
much.
PERSECUTION, p£r-s£-kWsb&n, * The act or
practice of persecuting ; the state of being persecuted.
PERSECUTOR, p^r-s^-ki'i-t&r, s. 98. One who
harasses others- with continued maligttrty.
PERSEVERANCE, p^r-si-v^-rilnso, s. Persistanee
in any design or attempt, steadiness in pursuits, con-
stancy in progress.
PERSEVERANT, p£r.s£.v£-rintj adj. Persisting,
constant.
To PERSEVERE, p&r-si v&ref e. n. T» persist
m an attempt, not to givfe over, not to quit the design.
J£y- Mr. Nares observes, that this word was anciently
written ptrstvti , and accented on the second syllable.
•ay thou art mine.
" M j lore, as it begins, so shall ptrmer."
Aid *cll, Sic. Act IV.
" ftruve* not; but liter m*, mighty »lngs"
King John, Act II.
" But in her pride sht doth ptrmtr still.' Sftmcr.
But that before the time of Mihon the spelling and ac-
centuation had been changed.
" Whrnce heavy persecution shall arfo*
" Of all «no in the Worship ptrincrt
" Of spirit and ttutb." Par. Loit, »H. T. 532.
As this won! is written at present, there can be no doubt
of its pronunciation ; and that it is very properly written
•o, appears from other words of the same form. Declare,
reiptrt, explore, procure, <kc. from dectaro, respiro, ex-
ptoro, procriro, &c. and consequently from persevere
ought to be formed persevere : not one of our orthoepists
place tlw accent on the second syllable; yet such is the
force of prescription, that the old pronunciation is not
entirely Tooted out, especially in Ireland, where this pro-
nunciation is still prevalent.
PERSEVERINGLY, p^r-s«5-v^rfci!ng-U, adv. With
perseverance.
To PERSIST, p3r-slst,' v. ft, 44"7. To pcrsetere, to
continue firm, not to give over.
PERSISTANCE, p&r-sls-tinse, 7
PERSISTENCY, p^r-sls^t^n-s^, \ *' e
persisting, steadiness, constancy, perseverance in good
or bad ; obstinacy, contumacy.
PEUSISTIVE, p&>v.sitlv, adj. 157. Steady, not re-
ceding from a purpose, persevering.
PERSON, p£risn, *. 170. Individual o'r particulai
man or woman ; human being ; a general loose term
for a human being; one's self, not a representative;
exterior appearance t man Or woman represented in a
fictitious dialogue ; character j character of office : in
Grammar, the quality of the noun that modifies the
verb — See Parsoii.
PERSONABLE, p£ris&n4-bl, adj. Hafldsorhe, grace-
ful, of good appearance.
£^- As the o in person is sunk, as in season, treason,
ice. so this word being a compound of our own, and per-
toivige coming to us from the French, we generally sup-
press the o t but as personal, personage, &e. come" to us
from the Latin, we generally preserxe the o. This is the
oest reason I can give for the slight dirlerc-ncc we find in
die pronunciation of these words; and if any one is in-
eiineil to think we ought to preserve the odist.nctly in all
of them, except person, and even in this, on solemn oc-
casions, 1 have not the least objection.
PERSONAGE, p^Ks&n-idje, s. go. A considerable
person, a man or woman of eminence; exterior ap-
pearancc ; air, stature ; character a&sumcd ; character
represented.
PERSONAL, p£ris&n-&l, adj. 88. Belonging to
men or women, not to things, not real ; affecting indivi-
duals or particular people, peculiar, proper to him or
her, relating to one's private actions or character ; pre-
sent, not acting by representative; exterior; corporal:
in Law, something moveable, something appendant to
the person in Grammar, a personal verb is that which
bus all the regular mollifications of the three persons,
oppo&vd to impersonal that ha* onl> .he third.
PERSONALITY, p£r-si-nil-li-t£, *. The exiitcuct
or indfvidirality of any one.
PERSONALLY, ptr-sun-iHiJ, adv. In person, ia
presence, not by representative; with rc»j)*c« to an in
dividual particularly; with regard to uuincraal exUt
ence.
To PERSONATE, p^ris&n-ate, v. a. To represent
by a fictitious or assumed character, so as to |>ass for
the person represented ; to> represent by action or ap-
pearance, to act ; to pretend hypocritically, with the
reciprocal prononn , to counterfeit, to feign ; toresem-
bte; to make a representative of, as in a picture, out of
tise. — See PcrsviuiNt
PERSONATION, p^r-s&n-aisb&n, 3. Counterfeit-
ing of another person.
PERSONIFICATION, p£r-s8ri^r>£ f^-ka^sljlin, «.
Prosopopoeia, the change of things to persons.
To PERSONIFY, p^r-sonin^-ll, v. a. To change
from a thing to a person.
PERSPECTITE, p6r-sp£kitlf, *; A glass through
which things are viewed ; the science by which things
ire ranged in a picture, according to their nppearani^
in their real situation ; view, visto>
K^ This word, as may be seen in Johnson, was gene-
rally accented by the poets on the first syllable; but the
harshness of tnis pronunciation arising from the uiict.m-
binable consonants in the latter syllables, has prevented
this pronunciation from gaining any ground in prose;
and it were much to be wished that the same reason had
prevented the initial accentuation of similar words. — Sfe
Irrefragable, Corruptible, Acceptable, Ac.
PERSPECTIVE, p£r-sp£kitlv, adj. Kelating to the
science of vision, optirk, optical.
PERSPICACIOUS, p^r-sp^k&sh&s, adj. Quick-
sighted, sharp of sight. Mentally applied.
PEKSPICACIOUSNESS, pi-r-spe k&>ha&-n£s, s.
Quickness of sight.
PEHSPtCACITY, p£r-sp£-kis£s£-t£, S. Quickness of
sight, or apprehension.
PERSPICIENCE, p£r-sp!sh£«J 3nse, *. The act-ul
looking sharply. Little used.
PERSPICIL, p£r-sp«*-sil, *. "A glass through wtm-b
things are viewed, an optick glass.
PERSPICUITY, p£r-sp«^-kii-e-te, *. Clearness to the
mind, easiness to be understood, freedom from obscu
ri{y or ambiguity; transparency.
PERSPICUOUS, p&r-splk-kh is, adj. Transparent,
c!e r, such aS may be seen through ; clear to the un-
derstanding, not obscure, not ambiguous.
PERSPICUOUSLY, p^NSpikikil-llS-1^, adv. Clearly,
not obscurely.
PERSPICUOUSNESS, p£r-spik-kii-fis.r,£s, s- Clear-
ness without obscurity.
PERSPIRABLE, p^r-sp&ri-bl, adj. Such as may i>«
emitted by the cuticular pores; perspiring, emitting
perspiration.
PERSPIRATION, p^r-spi-ra-sh&n, s. Excretion by
the cuticular pores.
PERSPIRATIVE, p^r-spUri tlv, adj. 512. Per-
forming the act of perspiration.
To PERSPIRE, p£r-spirr,' p. n. To perform excre-
tion by the cuticular pores ; to be excreicd by the skin.
PERSUADABLE, p£r-swa-da-bl, adj Such as may
be persuaded.
To PERSUADE, per-swade^ v. a. 321. To bring
to any particular opinion ; to influence by argument i>r
expostulation. Persuasion seems ra her applicable to
the pa-sions, and Argument to the reason ; but this U
not always observed. To inculca'c by argument or ex-
postulation.
PERSUADER, p&r-swaW&r', *. 98. One who influ-
ences by persuasion, an imporiunate advistr.
PERSUASIBLi, per-swa'zi bl, adj. 439. To be
influenced by persuasion.
PERSUASIBI.KNESS, p^r-swa-ze-bl.i.fc, j. 439.
The quality of being flexible by peitu.ision,
PERSUASION, p£r-swa-zh(in, «, The act of p*r-
suadirg, the act of influencing by expostulation, the
art of gaming or attempting the passions ; the state of
being persuaded, opinion.
PERSUASIVE, p^r-swai-siy, n<{j. 428. Hming
PER
381
PET
n3r 167, nftt 163 — tube I71> tftb 172, bull 173 — Sit 299 — pflind 313 — thin 466 THIS 469.
the power of persuading, having influence on the pas-
sions.
PERSUASIVELY, piJr-swaislv-Ji, adv. In sdch a
manner as to persuade.
PERSUASIVENESS, p£r-sVvaislv-ni§s, i. Influence
on the passions.
PERSUASORY, p£r-swais&r £, adj. 429. 512.
557. Having the power (o persuade.
PERT, p£rt, adj. Bri>k ; smart ; saucy.
To PERTAIN, p£r-tane/ r.n. 1Y> belong or relate to.
PERTINACIOUS, p£r-t<J na-shus, adj. Obstinate,
stubborn, perversely resolute; resolute, constant, stea-
dy.
PERTINACIOUSLY, p£r-te-naish{is-l«K adv. Ob-
stinately, stubbornly.
PERTiNAtlTY, pgr-t^-nas^se-t^, 7
PERTINACIOUSNESS, p£r-t£-naishfis-n3s, 5 **
Obstinacy, stubbornness ; resolution, constancy.
PERTINATJY, p^r^-na-sii, *. Obstinacy, stubborn-
ness, persistency ; resolution ; steadiness, constancy.
PERTINENCE, p£rit(*-n£nse, >
PERTINENCY, p&4t4.n«n-s4, \ *' Jnltnert of
relation to the matter in hand, propriety to the pur-
pose, appositeness.
PERTINENT, pWti-n^nt, adj. Relating to tlie
matter in hand, just to the purpose ; apjiositc ; relating,
regarding, conccitting.
PERTINENTLY, p£r-ii-nint-l£, adv. Appositely,
to the pUrjVb.se.
PERTINENTNESS, p£r£t5-ngnt-n£s, s. ..Apposite-
ness.
PEKTINGENT, p3r-tlnijent, adj. teaching to,
touching.
PERTLY, p£rt-lt*, adv. BrUkly, smartly, saucily,
petulantly.
PERTNESS, p£rt£n£s, j. Brisk folly, sauciness, pe-
tulance; petty liveliness, sprightliness without force.
PER/TRANSIENT, p£r-trau-sh<i-£ut, adj. Passing
over.
To PERTURB. p£r-turb,' )
To PERTURBATE, p^r-t&ribAte, \ v' a' To dis~
quiet, to disturb ; to disorder, to confuse.
PERTURBATION, p£r-t&r-bais!i&n, .«-. Disquiet of
mind; restlessness of passions; disorder; cause of dis-
quiet ; commotion of passions.
PERTURBATOR, p£r-tur-ba-t&r, «. 314. Kaiser of
commotions.
PERTUSION, p£r-tfj-z!ifin, s. The act of piercing
or punching; hole made by punching or piercing.
To PERVADE, p£r-vad<,' v. a. To pass through
an aperture, to permeate; to pass through the whole-
extension.
PERVA>ION, p5r-va'zh&n, i. Hie act of perrad-
ing or passing through.
PERVERSE, p£r-v£rst',' adj. Distorted from the
right ; obstinate in the wrong, stubborn, uu tractable :
petulant, vexatious.
PERVERSELY, p£r-v£rsM£, adv. Peevishly, vexa-
tiously, spitefully, crossly.
PERVERSENESS, p£r v^rs^nfe, $. Petulance, peev-
ishness, spiteful crossness.
PERVERSION, p£r-v£r-sli&n, *. The att of per-
verting, change to worse.
PERVERSITY, p£r-v£ris«i-t4,*. Perverseness, cross-
ness.
To PERVERT, p£r-v£rt^ t;. a. To distort from the
true end or purpose ; to corrupt, to turn from the right.
PEKVERTER, p£r-v£rt-u-r, 5. 98. One that changes
any thing from good to bail; a corrupter ; one who dis-
torts any thing from the right purpose.
PERVERTIBLE, p£r-v£rt-td-bl, adj. That may be
easily perverted.
PKRVICACIOUS, p£r-v£-kaish&s, adj. Spitefully
obstinate, peevishly contumacious; headstrong stub-
born.
PKHVICACIOUSI.Y, pJr-v^-ka-sh&s-te, adv. With
spiteful obstinacy.
PERVICACIOUSNESS, p4r-v£-ka£sli&
PERVICACITY, p^r-v^-kas-se t^, "
$. Spiteful obstinacy.
PERVIOUS, p4rivi-6s, adj. Admitting pa-sage, ca-
llable of being permeated ; pen ad ing, |>eT<i)eaung.
PERVIOUSNESS, p^r-V^-&S nds, i. Quality of ad-
mitting a passage.
PERUKE, p^r^riikf, s. A cap of false ha^r, a peri-
wig.
PtRUKEMAKER, pJr-riike-ma-k&r, s. A maker
of ]>erukes, a wigmaker.
PERUSAL, pi-ri-zSI, t. 88. The act of reading.
To PERUSE, pi-r6zt-/ v. a. To read; to observe,
to examine.
PERUSER, p4-r&iz&r, *. 98. A reader, examiner.
PfiST, p£st, S. Plaguej pestilence; any thing Mis-
chievous or destructive.
To PESTER, p4s-l&r, v. a. 98. To disturb, to per-
plex, to harass ; to encumber.
PESTEBEK, p£s-t&r &r, i. 555. One that pe*ter»
or disturbs.
PESTEROUS, p&it6r-&S; a^. 314. Encumbering,
troublesome.
PESTHOUSE, pIstMlofise, ». An hospital for per-
sons infected with1 the plague.
PESTIFEROUS, p£s-tlt-Ft;r-&s, adj. Destructive;
pes'ileiUial, infectious.
PESTILENCE, p&>i.d-l<hise, j. Plague, pest, con-
tacious distemper.
PESTILENT, pWti-lftlt, adj. Producing plagues,
malignant, mischievous, destructive.
PESTILENTIAL. p£s ttU§n-sha!, ad), partaknig
of the nature of pestilence, producing pestilence, ii».
fectious, contagious; mischievous, deatrue.ixe.
PESTILENTLY, pesiti-l^nt-1^, adv. Mischievously,
destructively.
PESTII.LATION, pfe-tll-la^sh&n, a. The act of
pounding or breaking in a mortar.
PESTLE, p&s-tl, s. 4O5. 472. An instrument with
which any thing is broken in a mortar.
PET, p£t, S. A slight passitfn, * slight fit of anger ;
a lanrb taken into tlie house, and brought up by hand ;
any animal tamed and much fondled ; a favourite.
To PET, p£t, V. a. To spoil by too much fondling.
PETAL, pc-tal, or pdt-aJ, s. Petal is a terra in
Botany, signifying those fine-coloured leaves that com-
pose the flowers of all plants. The leaf of a flower, as
distinguished fiom the leaf of a plant.
Jf^- I must retract my former pionunciation of the
first syllable of this word with Mr. Sheridan and Mr.
Perry, and join Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Setrtt, who make
the e long. In all words of this form we ought to incline
to this pronunciation, from its being so agree'able to ana-
logy. Let it not be pretended that ihe e in the Latin ;MN
talum is short ; so is the a in labiUuni, and the i in libfUus,
which vet in the English label and libel we pronounce
long. But however right the long sound of g may be by
analogy, I am apprehensive that, as in Pnluts, the short
sound is in more general use. — See Pedals.
PETALOUS, p£t-ta-l&s, adj. 5O3. Having petals.
PETAR, pe tar,' J $. A piece of ordnance rc-
PETARD, pi-tlrd,' J sembling a high-crowned hat,
chic'fly used to break down a barrier.
PETECHIAL, p^-tiiki il, adj. 353. Pestilential!?
spotted.
PETER-WORT, peit&r-wftrt, 4. A plant somewhat
different from St. John's-wort.
PETITION. p^-tisli-6n, s. Ilequest, entreaty) suppli-
cation, prayer; single branch or article of a prayer.
To PETITION, pe-tlsh-Cm, v. a. To solicit, to sup-
plicate.
PEIITIONARILY, p4 tlsh'&n-a r^-1^, adv. By
way of begging the question.
PETITIONARY, p^-tish-fin a-rel, ntlj. Supplicatory,
connne with petitions; containing pet 11 ions or re-quiMS.
PETITIONER, pe-tlsh-un-ir, .«. 98. One who e*.
fcrs a peiition.
Pi' ritORV,p^U-t&r-4) adj 5 1 ii. Petitioning, claiw-
PHA
382
PHI
XT 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, f3rt SI— nxi-93, mil 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 169, mire 164,
ing the property of any thing.— For the o. »ee Dona- PHANTASM, fanJtazm, J
VPR'E. p^t&r, s. 416. Nitre, wJt-petre. I PHANTASMA, fan-tazima, J * Valn »"d <">? »l-
that which is made stone.
PETRIFACTIVE, p^t-trd-lak-tlv, adj. Having th
power to form stone.
PETKIFICATION, p4t-trc*-f<J-kaisli&n, j. A body
formed by changing Other matter to stonc.
PETUIF-ICK, pe-trll-fik, adj. 509. Having the
power to change to stone.
To PETRIFY, p&itri-tl, v. a. 183. To change to
stone.
To PETRIFY, p&itrA-fl, v. n. To become stone.
PETROL, patrol, )
i in ' i r *• A liquid bitu-
PETROUUM, pe tro^le-urn, )
men, black, floating on the water of springs.
PETRONEL, pOt-ti 6-nel, s. A pistol, a small gun
used by a horseman.
PETTICOAT, p£t-te-kAte, *. The lower jart ef a
woman's dress.
PETTIFOGGER, p£t-t4 fwg-g&r, *. A petty §raail-
rate lawyer.
PETTINESS, p£t-ti-n£s, *. SinaTmcss, littleness, in-
coiisulerablene-s unim;x>rtance.
PETTISH, p^t-tish, adj. Fretful, peevish.
PETTISHNESS, p£t^Ush-n£s, s. Fretfulnets. peevuh-
ness.
PETTITOES, p£t£tt* tAze, i. The feet of a sucking
pig; feet, in contempt.
PETTO, p4t-tA, adi>. In Petto. Italian. The
breast ; figurative of privacy.
PETTY, p£t-t«5, adj. Small, inconsiderable, little.
PraTYCOY, .petite-ko£, «. An herb.
PETULANCE, p&itshti-lanst', /
i i , i ,. ft, Saucmess,
PETULANCY, pet'teha "" *•*
peevishness, wantonn> ss.
PETULANT, p^t-tslii-ldnt, adj. 4G1. Saucy, per-
verse, wanton.
PETULANTLY, p^t-tshb-lant-le, adv. \Vith pe-
tulance, wiih saucy pertncss.
PEW, pi, A A seat enclosed in a church.
PE*ET, p4-wlt, 5. 99. A water-fow4; tbeia,pwing
PEWTER, pu-tur, «. 98. A comjiouiid of metals,
an artificial metal ; tlv plates and dishes in a house.
PfiWTEREtt, pu^tir-urr, *. A smitli who works in
pewter.
PHENOMENON, f«i-n?tin-^-n5n, s. (Tliis has some-
times Ptiirnomena in the plural.)
the works of nature.
An ap|>eardnce in
PHAETON, faie t6n, *. A kind of high open car-
riage upon four wheels, used for pleasure.
PHALANX, fa-I&ngks, or fal-langks, s. A troop
of men closely embodied.
85" The second manner of pronouncing this word is
more general ; but the firs; is more analogical. If, when
\vc pronounce a Latin or Greek word of two syllables,
having a single consonant between two vowels, we always
make the first vowel long ; it is very natural, when such a
word is transplanted whole into our own language, to pro-
nounce it in the same manner. That the quantity of the
original has very little to do in this case, may be seen un-
der the word Drama, 54 1 ; and yet nothing but ail absurd
regard to this could have influenced the generality of
speakers to pronounce this word with the first vowel
short, contrary to the old genuine analogy of our own lan-
guage, as Dr. \\ allis tails it, and contrary to the manner
in which we pronounce the word in the original 4 for
though local, Jar nr, and labour, have the first vowel
short in the Latin lucal:*, , favor, and labor, we pronounce
them both in L.it.n and Knglish according to our own a-
italogy, will the o and a long and open. The same may be
observed of wor<ls from the Greek. In the word in ques-
tion. IheieAire, the authority of Mr. Sht-ridan, Mr. Scott,
parition ; a fancied vision.
PHARISAICAL, !ar-r£-sa£4-kiU, adj. Ritual, ex-
ternally religious, from the sect of the Pharisees, whose
rel'gion consisted almost wholly in ceremonies.
PHARMACEUTICAL, rir-m4-siiit^-kal, 509.
PHARMACEUTICK, far ma-sii-tlk,
adj. Relai ing to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or
prepa ation of medicines.
PHARMACOLOGIST, fiivma-k&WA-j!st, *. 518.
A writer upon drugs.
PHARMACOLOGY, iIr-m&-koW6-je\, *. The know-
ledge of drugs and medicines.
PHARMACOPOEIA, far ma-kA-p£'ya, *. A dis-
pensatory, a book containing rules tor the composition
of medicines.
PHARMACOPOLIST, far-ml-kipipA-lIst, j. An
apothecary, one who sells medicines.
PHARMACY,
*. The art or practice o<
preparing medicines, the tra-le of an apothecary.
PHAROS, fa-r5s, s. 544. A light-house, a watch-
tower.
PHARYNGOTOMY, far-In-g5t-to-m^, s. The act
of making an incision into the windpipe, used when
some tumour in the throat hinders respiration.
PHARYNX, fairlnks, s. The upper part of the gullet,
below the- larynx. — See Phalanx.
PHASIS, fa-sis, «. (In the plural Phases.) Ap
pearance exhibited by any body, as the changes of tin
moon.
PHEASANT, f^zant, s. A kind of wild cock ; a
beautiful large bird of game.
To PHECSE, 1'^ze, v. a. To comb, to fleece, to curry.
Obsolete.
PHENIX, f^-nlks, i. The bird which is supposed to
exist single, and to rise again from its own ashes.
PHENOMENON, W-noinim<i-n5ii, *. Ap|«arance,
visible quality ; any thing that strikes by a new ap-
pearance.
PHIAL, fi-al, s. A small bottle.
PHILANTHROPY, fil-an^Ar6-p^, «. 131. Love of
mankind, goo.l nature.
To PHILIP, tiWip, *>. a. To give a smart stroke
with i he end of a finger bent against the thumb, and
suddenly straightened.
J£?~ I have not me: with this »ord in any dictionary I
have seen, but have heard it in a thousand conversations,
where it has been used without scruple. It means a very
singular action of the hand, which can be expressed by no
other word, ami certainly deserves a place in the language.
If I may hazard a coijjecture, it is derived from Philippic t
the smartness of the stroke being similar to the asperity
of the oration.
PHILIP, fil-llp, s. A smart stroke with the end of
the finger bent against the thumb, and suddenly
straightened — See riliip, the proper word.
PHIUPPICK, fil-lip-plk, *. Any invective decla-
mation.
j£5> Invective orations are so called from those of De-
nosthenes, pronounced against Ifiilip, king nf Macedon,
and which abounded with the sharpest invoctives.
PHILOLOGEU, fe-151-lA-jur, *. 131. One whe««
chief study is language, a gramma ian, a critick.
PHILOLOGICAL, fil-o-16d-je kal, adj. Critical,
grammatical.
PHILOLOGIST, fe-161-lA-jIst, i. 131. A critick, a
grammarian.
PHILOLOGY, f^-lol-lA-j4, *. 131. 518. Criticism
grammatical learning.
PHILOMEL, fil-]o-m61
PHILOMELA, fil-lo-i
i. The nightingale.
and Dr. Ash, who make the first vowel long, ought to I PHI! O.MOT, fll-6 m&t. adj. Coloured like a dead
outweigh that of Dr. Kenrick, Mr. I'erry, Lntick, and] ]„,<•
Uuchauan, who make it snort.
PHR
383
PIA
nor 1G7, n5t 16S — ttbe 171, l&b 172, bill 173—511 299— piJ&nd 313 — </iin 466 — THis 4C&
PHILOSOPHER, f<£-lisis6-f5r, *. 131. A man deep I PHRASEOLOGY, fri-z£-51MA j«J, s. 519. style,
iii knowledge, either moral or natural.
PHII.OSOPHEH'S-STONE, fi-los-si-f&rz-stine,' s.
A stone dreamed of by alchymists, which, by its touch,
concerts base metals into gold.
PHILOSOPHICK, fil-l6-z5fif1k, 425. 509.
PHILOSOPHICAL, fll 16-zif-fti-kaI,
Belonging to philosophy, suitable to a philosopher;
skilful in philosophy; frugal, abstemious.
PHILOSOPHICALLY, tIl-lA-z5fi('4-kal &, adv. In
a philosophical manner, rationally, wisely.
Mr. Sheridan seems very properly to have marked
\ «0-
the s in this and the two pi
• very p
recedin
words as pronounced
like z. For the reasons, see Principles, No. 425. 435.
PHILOSOPHISM, te-lis-A-fizm, s.
unfounded philosophy.
Visionary or
J£y- This word has been brought into use since the
French revolution, and Is generally meant to ridicule the
absurd systems of philosophy that revolution has been
productive of. In this sense it has been used by one of
the best writers of our own country, Dr. Barrow, on Edu-
cation, where he says, " An education without prejudices
Is, indeed, a notion dictated by the true spirit of vhiioso-
phism, and expressed in its own Jargon ; for it is in prac-
tice an impossibility, and in terms little less than a con-
tradiction." Vol. i. p. 54.
To PHILOSOPHIZE, fi-16sisA-flze, v. n. To play
the philosopher, to reason like a philosopher.
PHILOSOPHY, f£-15s-s6-fe, *. Knowledge, natural
or moral; hypothesis or system upon which natural
effects are explained ; reasoning, argumentation ; the
course of sciences read in the schools.
PHILTER, fll-tir, s. 98. Something to cause lo»e.
£5- This word ought rather to be written Philtre. — See
Principles, No. 416.
To PHILTER, I'il-t&r, v. a. To charm to love.
PlUZ, flz, *. The face. A low word.
PHLEBOTOMIST, fte-b&tito-mlst, s. One that o-
pens a vein, a blood-letter.
To PHLEBOTOMIZE, fl£-b5t£ti-mlze, v. a. To
lei blood.
PHLEBOTOMY, fte-b&t-ti-m<*, s. Blood-letting, the
art or practice of opening a vein for medical inten-
tions.
PHLEGM, fi3m, s. 389. The watery humour of the
body ; the tough viscid matter discharged by cough-
ing ; water.
PHLEGMAGOGUE, fl3<>ima-g5g, s. 389. A purge
of the milder sort, supposed to evacuate phlegm and
leave the other humours.— See Pathognomonick.
PHLEGMATICK, fl£g-ma-tik, adj. 51O. Abound-
ing in phlegm ; generating phlegm ; watery ; dull, cold,
frigid.
PHLEGMON, fl5g-min, s. 166. An inflammation,
a burning tumour.
PHLEGMONOUS, fl5g-mA-nis, adj. Inflammatory,
burning.
PHI.F.MK, fl^me, s. An instrument which is placed
on the vein, and driven into it with a blow.
PHLOGISTICK, fl& jls-tlk, adj. Having phlogiston.
PHLOGISTON, flA-jistt&n, or flA-gls£t5n, s. 560.
A chvmical liquor extremely inflammable ; the inflam-
mable part of any body.
£5* Professors of every art think theyadj to its digni-
ty, not only by deriving the terms of it from the Greek,
but by pronouncing those terms contrary to the analogy
of our own language. For this reason our pronunciation
becomes full of anomalies, and the professors of an art
speak one language, and the rest of the world another.
Those, therefore, who are not chemists, ought, in my o-
pinion, to enter their protest against the irregular sound
of tlie g in this and similar words. Pronouncing the g
soft, would only hurt the pride of the professor; but pro-
nouncing it hard, would hurt the genius of the language.
— See Heterogeneous.
PHOSPHOR, fosif&r, 166. 7 ». The morning
PHOSPHORUS, fisifo-rfis, £ star ! a chemical
substauiv which, exposed to the air takes fire.
PHRASE, fn'ue, s. An idiom, a mode of speech pe-
culiar to a language; an expression, a mode of speech.
To PHRASE, I raze, v. a. To style, to call, to term.
diction ; a phrase book.
PHRENETICK, fr^-u&^lk, adj. Mad, inflamed in
the brain, frantiek.
Jf^> This word, as well as phrcnitis, is pronounced by
Mr. Sheridan with the accent on the first syllable ; in
which, though he is contrary to analogy, he is consistent.
But Dr. Johnson, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Barclay, pro-
nounce frenfticle with the accent on the first syllable, and
pfirenitii with the accent on the second. That the pe-
nultimate accent is the true pronunciation in both, can
scarcely be doubted, if we consult analogy, 509; and that
it is most in use, may appear from the additional suf-
frages of Dr. Ash, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, W
Johnston, Knlick, Builev, and Penning.
PHRENIT IS, fr^-nUds, s. 503. Madness ; inflam-
mation of the brain.
PHRENSY,
*. Madness, frantickness.
PHTHISICAL, tlz-z£.kalt adj. 413. Wasting.
PHTHISICK, tlz-zlk, s. 413. A consumption.
PHTHISIS, /M-s1s, *. 544. A consumption.
PHYLACTERY, fd lak-t<*r-4, *. A bandage on which
was inscribed some memorable sentence, which was
won) by devout Jews on their wrists and foreheads.
PHYSICAL, f'1/.-ze-kiU, ad). Relating to nature or
to natural philosophy, not moral; pertaining to the
science of healing ; medicinal, helpful to health ; re-
sembling phy&ick.
PHYSICALLY, ilziz4-kal-14, adv. According to
nature, by natural operation, not morally.
PHYSICIAN, f£-zlshian, s. One who professes the
art of healing.
PHYSICK, t iz^zlk, s. The science of healing ; medi-
cines, remedies; in common phrase, a purge.
To PHYSICK, flz-zlk, v. a. To purge, to treat with
phy&ick, to cure.
PHYSICOTHEOLOGY, f!z-z«i-k6-//j&-&lilA.j£, .«.
Divinity enforced or illustrated by natural philosophy.
PHYSIOGNOME&, fIzh-£-ig-nA-m&r, or fiz-i- j
6g-n6-m&r,
PHYSIOGNOMIST, flzh-^-iginA-mlst, 518. j
t. One whojudges of the temper or future fortune by
the features of the face.
For the propriety of pronouncing the i in these
wo"rd"s like zA, we need only appeal to analogy,
a diphthong beginning with t, and having the accent be-
fore it, eiC
S, before
•ccent be-
;oes into £/»,
ither primary or secondary, always go
as may be seen, Principles, No. 451. The secondary ac-
cent on the first syllable of these words gives a feebleness
to the second, which occasions the aspiration of i as much
as in evasion, adhesion, &c. where the s is preceded by
the primary accent. It must, however, be acknowledged,
that this is'far from being the most general pronunciation.
— See Ecctesiastlch.
PHYSIOGNOMY, flzh-A-iginA-mA, & The art of
discovering the temper and foreknowing the fortune
by the features of the face ; the face, the cast of the look.
JO» There is a prevailing mispronunciation of this
word", by leaving out the g, as if the word were French.
If this arises from ignorance of the common rules of spel-
ling, it may he observed, that ^is always pronounced be-
fore n when it is not in the same syllabic ; as, sig-nify, in-
<lig-nity, &c. ; but if affectation be the cause of this er-
ror, Dr. Young's Love of Fame will be the best cure for
it.— See Pathogonomonick.
PHYSIOLOGICAL, fizli-£-&-15il-j«S kal, adj. Relat-
ing to the doctrine of the natural constitution of things.
PHYSIOLOGIST, fizh-^- 61-16 -jlst, *. A writer of
natural philosophy.
PHYSIOLOGY, i'izh-£-61-lo j£, s. 518. The doc-
trine of the constitution of the works of nature.
PHYTIVOROUS, fi-tlv-vA-rfrs, adj. 518. That
eats grass or any vegetable.
PHYTOGHAPHY, fl-tog-gra-f^, s. 518. A descrip-
tion of plants.
PHYTOLOGY, fl-til-16 j£, *. 518. The doctrine of
plants, botanical discourse.
PIACULAR, pUk-ku-lir, 116-
PIACULOUS, pi ak-ku-lus,
adj. Expiatory,
having the power to atone ; such as require* expiaUoD •
criminal, atrociously bad.
PIE
SS4
PIL
559. FAte73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mti 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 167 — n«i 162, m.W I'M,
PlA-MATER, pl-A-nh;\*t&r, ». 93. A thin and deli-
cate membrane which lies under the dura mater, kiid
covers immediately the substance of the brain.
PlANET, pUA-n3t, s. A bird, the lesser woodpecker ;
the magpie.
PIASTER, pi i'sitCir, s. 132. An Italian coin, a-
bout five shillings, sterling in value.
PlAZZA, p£-iziz;\, i. 132. A walk under a roof
supported by pillars.
pointing types, of which there are two sizes, called Pica •
anil Small Pica.
PICAROON, plk-kJ-roSn,' s. A robber, a plunderer.
To PICK, plk, r. a. To cull, to choose j to take up,
to gather ; to Separate from any thing useless or nox-
ious, by gleaning out either part ; to clean by gathering
off gradually any thing adhering; to picr<*e, to strike
with a sharp instrument ; to sti ike with bill or beak,
to peck ; to rub ; 'to open a lock by a 'pointed i'ristru-
meiu ; to Pick a hole in one's coat, a proverbial expres-
sion for one finding fault with another.
To PlCK, p)k, v. n. To eat slowly and by small
morsels; to do any thing nicely and leisurely.
PlCK, plk, *. A sharp-pointed iron tool.
PICKAPACK, plkyUpik, ado. In manner of a pack
upon the back. A vulgar phrase.
PlCKAXE, plk-iks, s. An axe not made to cut but
pierce, an axe with a sharp point.
PlCKBACK, plk'blk, adj. On the back.
PlCKEU, plk-kW, adj. 356. Sharp, sn-arU
To PiCKEER, plk-kWr,' v. a. To pirate, to pil-
lage, to rob; to make a (lying skirmish.
PlCKER, plk^k&r, s. 98. One who picks or culls ;
a pickaxe, an instrument to pick with.
PlCKEKEL, plkMt&r-ll, *. 99. A small pike.
PICKEREL-WEED, plkikur-ll-w4ed, *. A water
plant from which pikes arc fabled to be generated.
PlCKLE, plk-kl, s. 405. Any kind of salt liquor,
in which flesh or other substance is preserved ; thing
kept in p:ckle; condition, state.
To PlCKLE, plk^kl, v. a. To preserve in pickle ;
"to Reason or imbue hrghly with any thing bad, as, a
pickled rogue. A low phrase.
PlCKLKHERRlNG, plk-kl-h£rirll>g, i. A jackf I'd-
ding, a merry-andrew, a buffoon.
PlCKI.OCK, pik'lAk, s. An instrument. t>y which
locks are opei.ed ; the person who picks locks.
PICKPOCKET, plk-p&k-it, >
PICKPURSE, plktpLe, »
to each ; of a Piece with, like, of the same sort, united,
the same with the rest.
To PlECE, pWse, v. a. To enlarge by the addi-
tion of a piece'; to join, to unite; to Piece out, to in-
crease by addition.
To PlECE, ptSese, v. n- To join, to coalesce, to b*
con pacted.
PlKCER, pWs-ftr, s. 93. One that pieces.
PlECELESS, pWs-13s, ailj. Whole, compacf, not
made of separate pieces.
PIECEMEAL, p^es'mele, atlv. In pieces, in fragment's.
PIECEMEAL, pt&s-m&e, adj. Single, separate1, di-
vided.
PlED, plde, adj. 283. Vaiicgated, party-coloured.
PlEDNKSS, p^dt•ill^S, $. Variegation, diversity o/
colour.
PlELED, pllil, adj. Bald. Obsolete.
PiKPOWDKtitOURT, pi-poi-dur, s.
Jt^- This word is derived from the 'French ptf, a foot,
and p_innlrt, dusty; q. il. Dusty-foot Court.— " A Court
held in fairs, particularly at liartholomcw Kair, in West
SmlthBcld, Lwaorf, (o'do justice to buyers and sellers,
and to redre-s disorders committed in them." — Such was
the old derivation of this word ; but the l;ite Daincs Har-
rington, and Blacks-one after him, derive it with much
more probability from Pied Pv/i/reaux, a pedlar. Ma-
Athlefwh°*ea1'
by putting his hand privately into the pocket or purse.
PlCKTOOTH, plk^t&ofA, s. An instrument by which
the teeln are cleaned.
PiCKTHANK, pik-/Mngk, s. An officious fellow,
who does what he is not desired.
PlCT, plkt, s. A printed person.
PICTURE, plkitshure, s. 461. A resemblance of
persons or things in colours; the science of painting;
the works of painters; any resemblance or representa-
tion.
To PICTURE, plkitshhre, t>. a. To paint, to re-
present by painting ; to represent.
PICTURESQUE, plk-tshii-r£sk,' ad}. Expressed hap-
pily as in a picture.
To PIDDLE, pld-dl, r. n. 405. Topfck at table,
to feed squeamishly and without appetite; to trifle, to
attend to small parts rather than to the main.
PlDDLER, pld-dl-?) r, s. 98. One that eats squeam-
ishly and without appetite.
PlE, pi, s. Any crust baked with something in it ;
a magpie, a party-coloured bird ; the old popish sen >cu
book, .io call, d from the colours of the text and rub-
rick.
PlKBALD, pl-h&ld, adj. Of various colours, diver-
sified in colour.
FlKCK, p^se, *. A patch ; a fragment ; a part ; *
pi-ture; n composition, performance; a single great
£un ; a hand -gun ; a coin, a single piece of money; in
tid/eulv ;uiU contempt, a^ a 1'itxw of 3 Litwyui 1 1 Hi
son's Supplenti
lity fr<
ent to j
Johnsons Dictionary.
PlER, p^er, s. 275- One of the columns on whid'h
the arch of a bridge is raised.
To PlERCE, p££rst>, or p£rse, v. a. To pei.etratc,
to enter, to force; to touch the passions, tf> affect.
ft5« What has been observed iff the woid fierce is per-
fectly applfcatfle to this word and its compounds.
To PIERCE, p££rse, or |i^r.->e, v. n. To make way
by 'force; to strike, to move, to affect ; to enter, to
drive; to affect severely.
PIERCER, pWrs^&r, or p^isi&r, s. An instrument
that bores or penetrates; the part with which insects
perforate bodies ; one who perforate*.
PIERCINGLY, p^r-slng-le, or p£rs-ing-14 adv.
410. Sharply.
PlERClNGNESS, p£erislng-n3s, or p£rsMng-ri£s, s.
275. Power of piercing.
PfETY, pW-tti, s. Discharge Of duty to God ; duty
to parents, or those in superior relation.
PlG, pig, s. A young sow or boar ; an oblong ma.ts
of lead or unforged iron.
To PlG, pig, v. n. To farrow, to bring pigs.
PIGEON, pidgin, *. 259. A fowl well known.
PlGEONFOOT, pldijlll-ffif, J. An herb.
PlGEONLIVERED, pld-jln-llv-urd, adj. Mild, soft,
, gentle, timid.
PlGGIN, pig-gin, s. 382. In the northern provinces
a small vessel.
PlGHT, pite. Old pret. and part. pass, of Pitch.
Pitched, placed, fixed, determined. Obsolete.
PlGMENT, pi->-m£nt, S. Paint, colour to be laid on
any body.
PlGMY, plgim£, j. A small nation, faoted to be -de-
voured by the cranes.
PlG NORATION, plg-nA-raishun, s. The act of pledg-
ing.
PlGNUT, plg-n&t, s. An earth nut
PlGSNEY, plgzin«i, *. A woid of endearment to s
girl. Obsolete.
PlKE, pike, *. A large fish of prey ; a long lance
usted by the foot soldiers to Ttecp off the horse, to which
bayonets have succeeded ; a fork us*ed ill husbandry;
aiming tuni'er.-1, two iron springs between which any
thing to be turned is fastcn'cd.
PlKED, plk-k£d, adj. 366. Sharp, acuminated,
ending in a point.
PlKEMAN, pike-mill, s. 88. A soldier armed with
a pike.
PlKESTAfF, plkt-istaf, s. The wooden fiameofapik^
PILASTER, ptMAs-t&r, s. 132. A sijiwre c»iumu
sometimes insulated, but oftt ncr set \vitliin a wall, and
oniy showing a fourth or fifth part of its tin.-. War
PJM
385
167, nit 163— t&be 171, t&b 172, bill 173—611 299 — pofind 3.1.3— t/iln 466— THis 469.
PlLCHER, plltsll-fir, t. 98. A furred gown or case,
any thing lined with fur ; obsolete ; a fish like a herring.
PlLE, pile, s,. A strong piece of wood driven into
the ground to make firm a foundation ; a heap, an ac-
cumulation ; any thing heaped together to be burned ;
an edifice, a building; a hair; hairy surface, nap; one
side of a coin , the reverse of cross ; in the plural, Piles,
the haemorrhoids.
To PlLE, pile, t'. a. To heap, to lay one thing on
another; to fill with something heaped.
PliEATED, plJi<i,-a-t£d, adj. 507. l,n the form of
a cover or hat.
PlLER, pile-ur, s. 98. He who accumulates.
To PlLFER, pll-fur, v. a. To steal, to gain by pet-
ty robbery.
To PlLFER, pllif&r, v. n. 98. To practise petty
theft.
PILFERER, pll-f5r-&r, t One who steals petty things.
PlLFERINGLY, pll-fOir-ing-lti, adv. With »eUy lar-
ceny, fiichjngiy.
PlLFEKY, p!l-f&r-£, *. Petty theft.
Plt.GRIM, pll-grlm, s. A traveller, a wanderer, par-
ticularly one who travels on a rel gums account.
To PILGRIM, pi 1-grlm, t> n. To wander, to ramble
PILGRIMAGE, pil-grlm adje, s. 90. A long jour-
ney, travel, more usually a journey on account of de-
votion.
PlLL. pll, s. Medicine made into a small ball or mass.
To PlLL, pll, v. a. To rob, to plunder.
To PlLL, pll, v. a. For Peel, to strip off the barly
To PlLL, pil, V. n. To come off in flakes or scoria;.
ji -5- This word, says Dr. Johnson, should be written
ptel. To strip off the bark or riml of any thing is uni-
versally so pronounced ; but when it is written pill, it is
impossible to pronounce it peel, ;is Mr. Sheridan has done,
without making the eye contradict the ear too palpably.
I am of opinion that the pronunciation ought to conform
to the orthography.— See Bowl.
PlLLAGE, pil-lldje. S, 90. Plunder, something got
by plundering or pilling; the act of plundering.
To PILLAGE, pll-Ildj •, t>. a. To plunder, to spoil.
PILLAGER, pll-lldje-ir, s. 98. A plunderer } a
spoiler.
PILLAR, pll-lur, s. 88. A column ;. a supporter,
a maintainer.
PILLARED, pll-l&rd, adj. 359. Supported by co-
lumns; having the form of a column.
PILLION, pl%6,n, *. 1 13. A soft saddle set behind
a horseman for a woman to sit on ; a pad, a low saddle.
PlLLORY, pll-l&r-i, s. 557. A frame erected on a
pillar, and made with holes and folding boards, through
which the heads and hands of criminals are put.
To PlLLORY, pil-l&r-^, v. a. To puni»h with the
pillory.
PlLLOW, pll-lA, J. 327. A bag of down or featheri
laid under the head to sleep on.
To PlLLOW, pll-l<i, v. a. To rest any thing on a
pillow.
PlLLOWBEER, pllilo-b£re, ) s. The cover of a
PILLOWCASE, pll-lA-k&se, J pi»ow.
PlLOSlTY, p£-16s£s£-t£, *. 132. Hairiness.
PlLOT, pi-lit, & 166. He whose office a to steer
the ship.
To PILOT, pM&t, v. a. To steer, to direct in the
course.
PILOTAGE, pWut ticlje, A 90. Pilot'* skill, know-
ledge of coasts ; a pilot's hire.
PlMENTA, p£-m£n-ti, * A kind of tpice called
Jamaica pepper, allspice.
PlMP, pi: rip, *• One who provides gratification! for
the lust of others, a procurer, a pander.
To PlMF, pimp, t>. n. To provide gratifications for
the lust of others, to pander.
PIMPERNEL, plmip4r-nel, s. A plant.
PIMPING, plmuMng, adj. 410. Little.
PlMPLE, pim-pl, s. 405- A »mall ied pustule.
PIMPLED, plmipld, ailj. 359. Having red pustules,
full of pimples.
PlN, pin, s. A short wire with a sharp point and
round head, used by women to fasten their clothes ;
any, thing. inconsiderable or of lit;le value; any thing
driven to hold parts together, a peg, a bolt ; any slen-
der thing fixed in another body ; lhat which locks the
wheel to the axle ; the pegs by which musicians stretch,
or relax their strings; a cylindrical roller made of
wood.
To PlN, pin, v. 0. To fasten with pin?; to fasten,
to make fast ; to join, to fix ; to shut np, to enclose, to
confine.
PlNCASE, plnikase, *. A case to keep pins in.
PINCERS, pln-sftrz, *. An instrument by which
nails are drawn, or any thing is griped which requires
to be held hard.
Jfjr- This word, is frequently mispronounced pinchers.
To PlNCH, plnsh, p. a. To squeeze between th«
fingers or with the ticth; to ho!d hard with an instru-
ment; to squeeze the tlesh till it is pained or livid ; to
press between hard bodies; to gall, to fret; to, gripe.,
to straiten ; to distress, to pain ; to press, to drive to
difficulties.
To PlNCH, plnsh, t>. ti. 352. To act with force
so as to be felt, to bear hard upon, to be puzzling ; to
spare, to be frugal
PlNCH, plnsh, s. A painful, squeeze with the
fingers; a small quantity of snufT contained between
the finger and thumb; oppression, distress inflicted;
difficulty, time of distress. ' '
PINCHBECK, plnsh-b£k, *. A compound metal re-
sembling gold; so called from the name of the inven-
tor.
PlNCHFIST, pinshiflst, 7
T-» ! i / a i t *• A miser.
PINCHPENNY, plnsh-pen-ne, \
PINCUSHION, pin-klisji-un, s. A small bag stuff-
ed with bran or wool on which pins are stuck. See
Cushion.
PlNDUST, pln-d&st, s. Small particles of metal
made bv cutting pins.
PINE, pine, 5. A tree.
To PlNE, pine, f. «• To languish, to wear away-
with apy kind of misery ; to languish with desire.
To PlNE, pine, v. a. To wear out, to make to
languish ; to grieve for, to bemoan in silence.
PINEAPPLE, piiu-ip-pl, *. A plant.
PlNEAL, pln-ni-Al, adj. 507. Resembling a pine-
apple. An epithet given by Des Cartes to the gland,
which he imagined the scat of the soul.
PlN FEATHERED, plll-feTH-lird, adj. 359. No!
fledged, hav ing the feathers yet only beginning to shoot.
PiNFOLD, pin-fold, s. A place in which beasts arq
confined.
PINGUID, plngigwld, adj. 340. Fat, unctuous.
PlNHQLE, pln-h<tye, *. A small hole, such as is
made by the perforation of a pin.
PlNION, pl|i-vfin, *• 8. 1 13. The joint of the wing
remotest from the body; .Shikcspcare seems to use it
for a feather or quill of the wing ; ' wing ; bonds for the
arms.
Jo PlNION, plniyfin, v. a. To bind the wings ;
to confine by binding the elbows to the sides; to shac-
kle, to bind.
PlNK, plhgk, s. 4O8 A small fragrant flower of the
gilliflower kind; an eye, commonly a small eye, as,
Pink-eyed; any thing 'supremely excellent; a ctilour..
used by painters ; a kind of heavy narrow-sterned ship ;
a fish, the minnow.
To PlNK, plngk, v. a. To work in eyelet hole*, to
pierce in small holes.
To PlNK, plngk, r n. To wink..
PlNMAKER, pln'-mak fir, 5. He who makes pint.
PlNMONEY, pln-mun-ll^, i. A certain annuity
settled on a wife to defray her own charges.
PlNNACE, pln^As, s. 91. A boat belonging to a
ship of war. It seems formerly to have signified rather
a small sloop or bark attending a larger ship.
PINNACLE, p!n&n&-kl, s. 405. A turret or eleva-
tion above the rect of the building ; a high i jiinnj; iwi.it.
PIS
386
PIT
£5- 559. File 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit SI — me 9:3, me"t 95— plno 105, pin 1O7— nA 162, move 164,
PlNNER. pln-nor, *. 98. The lappet of a head-
dress which flies loose.
P.NT, pint, *. 105. Half a quart; in medicine,
twelve ounces, a liquid measure.
PlONEER, pl-o.nee'r,' s. One whose business is to
level the road, throw up works, or sink mines in mili-
tary operations.
PlONY, pli&n-e, ». 1 1 6. A large flower.
PlOUS, pi-US, adj. 314. Careful of the duties owed
by created beings to God ; careful of the duties of near
relation.
PIOUSLY, pi-us-W, adv. In a pious manner, religi-
ously.
PlP, pip, S. A defluxion with which fowls are
troubled ; a horny pellicle ihat grows on the tip of their
tongues ; a spot on the cards.
To PlP, pip, v. n. To chirp or cry as a bird. Little
used.
PlPE, pipe, *• Any long hollow body, a tube ; a tube
of clay through which the fume of tobacco is drawn
into trie mouth ; an instrument of wind musick; the
organs of voice and respiration, as, the windpipe ; the
key of the voice; an office of the exchequer; a liquid
measure containing two hogsheads.
To PlPE, pipe, v. n. To play on the pipe ; to have
•A shrill sound.
PlPER, pi-pur, *. 98. One who plays on the pipe.
PlPETREE, pipe-trW, s. The lilac tree.
PIPING, plpu-lng, adj. 410. Weak, feeble, sickly ;
hot, boiling.
^IPKIN, plp-kln, s. A small earthen boiler.
PlPPIN, pip-pin, s. A sharp apple.
PIQUANT, plk-kant, adj. 415. Pricking, stimulat-
ing; sharp, pungent, severe.
PIQUANCY, plk-kan-se1, s. Sharpness, tartness.
PlQUANTLY, pik-kint-Ie, adv. Sharply, tartly.
PlQUE, peik, s. 415. An ill will, an offence ta-
ken, petty malevolence; point, nicety, punctilio.
To PlQUE, peek, v. a. 112. To touch with envy
or virulency, to put into fret; to ofl'end, to irritate;
to \aluc, to fix reputation as on a point.
To PIQUEER, pik-keer,' v. a See Pickeer.
PlQUEERER, plk-keer-ur, s. A robber, a plun-
derer.
PlQUET, pe-LeV s. 415. A game at cards.
PlitACY, pl-ri-se1, s. The act or practice of robbing
on the sea — See Privacy.
PlRATE, pi-rat, s. 91. A sea-robber; any robber,
particularly a bookseller who seizes the copies of other
men.
To PlRATE, pl^rat, v. n. To rob by sea.
To PlRATE, pl-rAt, v. a. To take by robbery.
PIRATICAL, pl-rat-te-kal, adj. 132. Predatory,
robbing, consisting in robbery.
PlSCATION, pis-ka-shun, s. The act or practice
of fishing.
PISCATORY, pls-ka-tur-e, ndj. 512. Relating to
fishes. For the o, see Domestick.
PISCES, pluses, s. The twelfth sign in the Zodiack
figured by two fishes.
PISCIVOROUS, pls-siv-vo-rus, adj. .518. Fish-eat-
ing, living on fish.
PisH, pish, inteij. A contemptuous exclamation.
To PlSH, pish, v. n. To express contempt.
PlSMlKE, plz-inire, s. 434. An ant; an emmet.
To Piss, pis, v. n. To make water.
PlSS, pis, i\ Urine, animal water.
PlSSABED, pls-a-b£d, s. A yelloiy flower growing
in the grass. !& ^ V) ]t> ^L U t 0 W
PlSSBURNT, plsiburnt, adj. Stairicd with urine
having a colour as though stained with urine.
PISTACHIO, pls-ta-sho, i. The pistachio is a d
fruit of oblong figure; Pistich nut.
INSTILLATION, pls-til-la-sbfin, s. The act of pound
ing in a inonar.
ISTOL, pls^tul, *. 1 65. A srruK hand-gun.
o PlSTOL, pis-t&l, v. a. To shoot with a pistol.
ISTOLE, p5s tile,' s. A coin of many countriet
and many degrees of value.
'ISTOLET, pis- to-let,' S. A little pistol.
'ISTON, pis-tun, s. 166. The moveable part in se-
rai machines, as in pumps and syringes, whereby the
suction or attiaction is caused ; an einbolus.
.'IT, pit, *. A hole in the ground ; abyss, profundi-
tv ; the grave; the area on which cocks figlu ; the mid-
dle part of the theatre; any hollow of the body, as the
Pit of the stomach, the arm-pit; a dint made by the
finger.
To PIT, pit, v. a. To sink in hollows.
PITAPAT, plt-a-pat, s. A flutter, a palpitation; a
light quick step.
PITCH, pltsh, s. The resin of the pine extracted by
fire and inspissated ; any degree of elevation or height,
state with respect to lowness or height ; degree, rate.
To PITCH, pltsh, v. a. To fix, to plant ; to order
regularly; to throw headlong, to cast forward ; losmear
with pitch ; to darken.
To PITCH, pltsh, v. n. To light, to drop ; to fall
headlong ; to fix choice ; to fix a tent or temporary ha-
bitation.
PITCHER, pltsh-5r, *. 98. An earthen vessel, a
water- pot; an instrument to pierce the ground, in
which any thing is to be fixed.
PITCHFORK, pitbh-fork, *. A fork used in hus-
bandry.
PlTCHINESS. pltshie'-ne's, s. Blackness, darkness.
PlTCHY, pltsh-e1, adj. Smeared with pitch ; having
the qualities of pitch; black, dark, dismal.
PlT-COAL, plt-kole, s. Fossil coal.
PlTMAN, pit-man, s. 88. He that in sawing tim-
ber works below in the pit.
PlT SAW, pi lisa w, s. A large saw used by two men,
of whom one is in the pit.
PlTEOUS, pltsh^e-&s, adj. 263. Sorrowful, mourn-
ful, exciting pity ; compassionate, tender ; wretched,
paltry, pitiful.
PlTEOUSLY, pitsh-e-us-le, adv. In a piteous manner.
PlTEOUSNESS, pitsh^-us-u£s, s. Sorrowfulness,
tenderness.
PlTFALL, pit-fall, s. 406.. A pit dug and covered,
into which a passenger falls unexpectedly.
PlTH, pith, s. 467. The marrow of the plant, the
soft part in the midst of the wood ; marrow ; strength,
force ; energy, cogency, fulness of sentiment, closeness
and vigour of thought and style; weight, moment,
principal part; the quintessence, the chief part.
PITHILY, p\th'-e-l&, adv. With strength, with co-
gency.
PITHINESS, pli'/i-e- tie's, s. Energy, strength.
PITHLESS, pl/A-lfe, adj. Wanting pith ; wanting
energy, wanting force. .
PlTHY ..pUA^e, adj. Consisting of pith ; strong, for-
cible, energctick.
PITIABLE, plt-tc-a-bl, adj. 405. Deserving pity.
jfJ-The diphthong la, in this word, does not draw the
preceding / to tsh as in piteous, and the reason seems to
be the same as that which preserves the same letter pura
in Mig/ii,er, Weightier, &c. that is, the termination able,
though derived from the I~itin, is often used in composi-
tion with pure English words, like the personal and com-
parative terminations er, eih, &c. : and therefore the ge-
neral rule in English composition is adhered to, which is,
that simples preserve their sound and accent, whatever
terminations are annexed to them.
PlTIFL'L, plt-te-lul, adj. Melancholy, moving com-
passion; tender, compassionate; paltry, contemptible,
despicable.
PITIFULLY, plt-te-ful-e, adv. Mournfully, in a
manner that moves compassion ; contemptibly, despi-
cably.
PlTIFULNESS, pltite-ful-n6s, s. Tenderness, mer-
cy, compassion ; despicableness, con(emp;ib!eness.
PITILESS, pit-te-l^s, adj. Wanting pity, wanting
compassion, merciless.
PLA
387
PLA
nor 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299— pound SIS— thin «<56 — THIS
PITTANCE, plt-tanse, s. An allowance of meat in
Conducting the
a monastery; a small portion.
PITUITARY, pe-tu-e-ti-re, adj.
phlegm.
PlTUITE, pit-tshu-lte, s. 155. Phlegm.
PlTUITOUS, pe tu-e-tus, adj. 132. Consisting of
phlegm.
PlT^T, plt-t£, S. Compassion, sympathy with misery,
tenderness for pain or uneasiness ; a ground of pity, a
subject of pity or of grief.
To PlTY, plt-te^, t>. a. To compassionate misery ;
to regard with tenderness on account of unhappiness.
To PlTY, plt£t&, ». n. To be compassionate.
PlVOT, piv-vut, s. A pin on which any thing turns.
PlX, piks, J. A little chest or box in which the
consecrated Host is kept in Roman catholick countries.
PLACABLE, pl&ka-bl, adj. 405. Willing or pos-
sible to be appeased.
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, W. Johnston, and Bu-
chanan, make the radical a in this word and its deriva-
tives long, as I have done ; but Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Per-
ry make it short. Mr. Scott marks it both ways, but
seems to give the short sound the preference, by placing
it first. This, from the shortening power of the antepe-
nultimate accent, it must be confessed, is the most analo-
gical, 535; but this word and its companion, capable,
seem immoveably fixed in the long sound of the antepe-
nultimate, though the o in the same situation in docible
and indo.iblr evidently inclines to the short sound. — See
Incapable and Indocit.
PLACABILITY, pra-ka-bll-t*-t4,
PLACABLENESS, pla-ka-bl-n£s,
to be appeased, possibility to be appeased.
Willingness
PLACARD, plak-Ard,'
PI.ACART, plak-art,'
. An edict, a declaration,
a manifesto.
Bailey places the accent on the first syllable of
placard, and Penning on the first of both these words: all
our other orthoepists place the accent as I have done.
PLACE, plase, s. Particular portion of space ; loca-
lity, local relation ; local existence; space in general ; a
seat, residence, mansion; passage in writing; state of
being, validity ; rank, order of priority ; office, publick
character or employment ; room, way ; ground, room.
To PLACE, plase, v. a. To put in any place, rank,
or condition ; to fix, to settle, to establish.
PLACER, pla-s&r, s. 98. One that places.
PLACID, plasi-sld, adj. Gentle, quiet ; soft, mild.
PLACIDLY, pUs-sld-le, adv. Mildly, gently.
PLAC1T, plas-lt, s. Decree, determination.
PLACKET, or PLAQUET, plak^klt, s. 99. A petti-
coat.
PLAGIARISM, pla-ja-rlzm, s. Theft, literary adop-
tion of the thoughts or works of another.
PLAGIARY, pla-jiWe, s. A theft in literature, one
of ornament, simple; artless; honestly tough, i. ;•«.•«,
sincere; mere, bare; evident, clear.
PLAIN, plane, adv. Not obscurely ; distinctly, ar«
ticu lately ; simply, with rongh >incenty.
PLAIN, plane, s. Level ground, open, flat, a field
of tattle.
To PLAIN, plane, v. a. To level, to make even.
To PLAIN, plane, v. n. To lament, to wail. Not used.
PLAINDEALING, plane -de-ling, adj. Acting with-
out art.
PLAINDEALING, plane-dWmg, s. 410. Manage-
ment void of art.
PLAINLY, plane-U. adv. Levelh, flatly ; without
ornament ; without gloss, sincerely ; in earnest, fairly ,
evidently, cleailv.
PLAINNESS, plane-n£s, s. Levelness, flatness ;
want of ornament, want of show ; openness, rough sin-
cerity ; artlcssness, simplicity.
PLAINT, plant, s. Lamentation, complaint, la-
ment ; expression of sorrow.
PLAINTFUL, plant-ful, adj. Complaining, audibly
sorrowful.
PLAINTIFF, planeitlf, s. He that commences a suit
in law against another, opposed to the defendant.
j£j- This word was universally, till of late years, pro-
nounced with the first syllabic li£e plan, as appears by its
being adopted by Mr. Scott, Mr. Klphinston, Mr. Perry,
W. Johnston, and Dr. Kenrick ; but a lai. liable desire of
cforming the language has restored ihe diphthong to its
rue sound ; and the first syllable of this word, like plane,
now the current pronunciation of all our courts of jus-
x. Mr. Sheridan and Entick agree in this pronuiieia-
iv>n.
PLAINTIFF, plane-tlf, adj. Complaining. A word
not in use, being now written plaintive.
PLAINTIVE, ptant-'tiv, adj. Complaining, lament-
in;;, expressive of sorrow.
PLAINWOUK, planoiwurk, s. Needlework, as di»-
tinguished from embroidery.
Pl.AIT, plate, s. '202. A fold, a double.
To PLAIT, plate, v. a. To fold, to double ; to weave,
to brant.
$5" Tliere is a corrupt pronunciation of Ihis word, si
if written plrte, which must be carefully avoided.
PLAITEU, platfi-ur, s. 98. One that plaits.
PLAN, plin, s. A scheme, a form, a model ; a plot
of any building, or ichnography.
To PLAN, plan, v. a. To scheme, to form in design.
PLANE, plane, S. A level surface ; an instrument
by which the surface of boards is smoothed.
To PLANE, plane, a. a. To level, to free from
inequalities ; to smooth with a plane.
PLANE-TllEE, plane-tree, s. The name of a fine
tall tree.
LAGIARY, pla-ja-re, s. A theft in literature, one _«•" :- ., ,,
who steals the thoughts or writings of another; the [ PLANET, plan-it, s. 99. One of the celestial bodie.
crime of literary theft.
Mr. Elphinston and some respectable speakers pro-
nouncc this word with the first vowel short, as if written
plivt-jary ; but Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, Mr.
Buchanan, Dr. Kenrick, W. Johnston, and Entick, mark
it with the a long, as if written play-jary : and to know
which is the true pronunciation, we need oi.ly rec'ir to
analogy, which tells us that every vowel, except i, having
the accent, and being followed by a diphthong, is long.—
See Principles, No. 50.}, 5»7.
PLAGUE, plat;, S. 337. Pestilcrjce, a disease emi-
nently contagious and destructive ; state of misery ; any
tiling troublesome or vexatious.
To PLAGUE, plag, v. a. To infect with pestilence ;
to trouble, to tease, to vex, to harass, to torment, to
afflict.
PLAGUILY, pla-ge-1^, adv. 560. Vexatiously, hor-
ridly.
PLAGUY, pla-g£, adj. 345. Vexatious, troublesome.
PLAICE, plase, j. 202. A flat fish.
PLAID, plad, 5. 204. A striped or variegated cloth,
in our system, which move round and receive light
from the sun.
PLANETARY, plan-r.e tar- re, adj. Pertaining to
the planets; produced by the planets.
PLANETICAL, plan-net-te-kal, adj. Pertaining to
planets.
PLANF.TSTRUCK, planin-struk, adj. Blasted.
PLANISPHERE, plun-ne-sfere, s. A sphere pro-
jected on a plane.
PlJVNK, plangk, s. 408. A thick strong board.
To PLANK, plangk, V . a. To cover 01 lay with
planks.
Pl.ANOCONICAL, pla-n6-konine^-ka{, adj. Level
on one side, and conical on the other.
PLANOCONVEX, pla-no-koiA-eks, adj. Flat on
the one side, and convex on the other.
PLANT, plant, S. Any thing produced from seed,
any vegetable production ; a sapling.
J£y> There is a coarse pronunciation of this word, chiefly
among the vulgar, which rhymes it with aunt. Tins
an outer loose garment worn much by the H ighlanders pronunciation seems a remnant of that broad sound which
in Scotland. I was ptobably given to the a before two consonants in au
PLAIN, plane, adj. 202. Smooth, level, flat; void , words, but which has been gradually wearing away, and
PLA
388
PLE
t^T 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 8) — m£ 93, m5t 95 — pln.e IQg, pin 107 — nf> 162, move
which is now, except in a few words, become a mark of
vulgarity. — See Principles, No. 79>
To PLANT, plant, v. a. To put into the ground
in order to prow, to set, to generate ; to pl.iee, to fix ;
to settle, to establish, as, to Plant a colony : to fill or
adorn with something planted, as, he Planted the gar-
den or the country ; to direct properly, as, to Plant a
cannon.
PLANTAGE, planitld;e, s. 90. An herb.
PLANTAIN, p^n-tln,, &• 202. A" berb ; " tree
in the West Indies, which bears an esculent fruit.
PLANTAL, pla.n-tal, adj. 88. Pertaining to plants.
PLANTATION, plan-ta-sh&n, *. The act or prac-
tice of planting: the place planted; a colony; intro-
duction, establishment.
PLANTED, planted, adj. This word seems in Shake-
speare to signify settled, well-grounded.
PLANTER, planti&r, s 98. One who sows, seta., pr
cultivates ; one who cultivates ground in the West In-
dian colonies.
PLASH, plash, s. A small lake of water or puddle ;
branch partly cut off and bound to other branches.
To PLASH, plash, v. a. To interweave branches.
P-LASHY, plaslA*, adj. Watery, filled with puddles.
Pl.ASM, pl'i/m, «. A mould, a matrix in which
any thing is east or formed.
do something not as a task, but for pleasure ; to toy, to
act with levity ; to trifle; U> do something fanciful ; to
practise sarcastic merriment; to practise fusion; to
game, to contend at some game; to touch a, muMcal
instrument; to operate, to art, used of anything in
motion ; to wanton, to move irregularly; 10 represent a
character; to act in any certain character.
To PLAY, pla, v. a. To put in action or motion,
as, he Played his cannon ; to use an instrument of mu-
sick ; to act a mirthful character ; to exhibit dramati-.
rally, to act, to perform.
PLAY, pla, *. Actiou not imposed, not work ; amuse-
ment, spor.t; a drama, a comedy or tragedy, or aov
thing in which characters are represented by dialogui
and action ; game, practice of gaming, contest at a
game; practice in any contest; action, employment,
office; manner of acting; act of touching an 'instru-
ment ; in Play, in je*t, not in earnest ; room for mo-
tion; liberty of acting, swing.
PLAYBOOK, pla-b&Ok, *. Book of dra-naiick com-
positions.
PLAYiJAXj pli-da, s. Day exempt from tasks or
work.
PLAYDEBT, pla-d^t, *. Debt contracted by gaming.
PLAYER, pla^&r, 5. 98. One who plays ; an idler^
a lazy person ; actor of dramatick scenes ; a minik-k ;'
one who touches a musical instrument; one who acts
in any certain manner, not in -earnest, but in play.
PLASTERj plasitur, *. 9S, Substance made of wa- PLAYFELLOW, plaff£l-.16, i. Companion iu am ure-
ter and some absorbent matter, such as chalk or lime : ment
well pulverized, with which walls are overlaid; a glu- PLAYFUL, pra-ful, adj. Sportive.
tinous or adhesive salve.
. PLAYGAME, pla-game, *. Play of children.
To PLASTER, plantar, v. a. To overlay as with „ r ,P,. .,
plaster; to cover with a medicated plaster. j PLAY HOUSE, playhouse, * House where dram*.
Tir.™™.,,, mi»,i»A.-A. . « u .—I- :„ . J tick periormances are represente<l.
PLASTERER, plasitfir-ftr, *. One whose trade is to ' 'lck Performances are rep,
overlay walls with plaster; one who forms figures in Pl-AYSOME, pla-s&m, adj. Wanton,
plaster. | PLAYSOMENESS,
Pl.ASTICK, plas^tlk, adj. Having the power to give ; _vitx,
s. Wantonness, tor
PLAYTHING, placing, 4. A toy.
PLASTRON, plas-trun, *. 99, A piece of leather PLAYWRIGHT, pla-rite, s. A maker of plays.
stuffed, wHich fencers use when they teach their scho- p, r . r-iA - oon Th» art nr form ,,r . i...
lars, in order to receive the pushes made at them. 1 LEA, pie, *.
To PLA.T, plat, v. a. To weave, to make by texture.
thin<* offered or demanded in pleading ; allegation: an
apology, an excuse.
PLAT, plat, *. A small piece of ground. — See Plot. \ 2'o PLEACH, pletsh, i>. a. 227. To bend, to inter-
PLATANE, plat-tin, $. The plane-tree. weave. Not in use.
PLATE, plate, s. A piece of metal beat out into
breadth; wrought silver ; a small shallow vessel of me-
tal or porcelain, on which meat is eaten ; the prize run
for by horses.
To PLATE, plate, p. a.. T,o cover with plates ; to
arm with plates ; to beat into lamina; or plates.
PLATEN, plAt^n, *. 1O3. In printing, that flat part
of the press by which the impression is made.
To PLEAD, pl£de, v. n- 227. TQ a^g.uc before a
court of justice ; to speak in an argumentative or per-
suasive way for or against, to reason with another; to
be offered as a plea; to admit or deny a charge of guilt.
To PLEAD, pltkle, t>. a. To defend, to discuss ; to
allege in pleading or argument; to offer as an excuse.
PLEAUABLE, pl^-di-bl, adj. Capable to be al
leged in plea.
PLATFORM, platifdrm, *. The sketch of any thing PLEADER, pl^&r, *. 98. One who argues in a
horizontally delineated, the ichnography ; a place laid ! court of justice ; one who speaks for or against,
out after any model ; a level place before a fortifica- | PLEA-DING, ple-dlng, t. 410. Act or form of plead-
tion ; a scheme, a plan.
1 'LATIN A, pl.\t-e-ni. ,?. A species of metal.
PLATONIC, pla-ton-ik, adj. A Platonic lover, is
one who professes great purity in love
PLATONIST, plat^-6-nlst, t. One who adopts the
sentiments of Plato.
PLATOON, pla-t&un/ *. A small square body of
musketeers.— ^Corrupted from Pefotftn, French.— See
tyncorc.
PLATTER, plut-tir, t. 9.1. A large dish, generally
of earth.
PLAUDIT, plawMIt, *. 21,3. Applause.
PLAUSIBILITY, plaw-zd-bllil£-t£, s. Sjxxious-
pess, superficial appearance of right.
PLAUSIBLE, plawiz^-bl, adj. Such as gains appro-
bation, superiieially plmising or taking, speciouc, po-
pular.
PL A l.1 si bLE NESS, plaw-z<i-bl-n^s, i. Speciousness,
show of right.
PLAUSIBLY, plawizi4>Us, adv. With fair show,
speciously.
PLAUSIVE, plawislv, adj. 158.428. Applauding;
plausible. Not used in this last nense.
To PLAY, pli, v. n. 22a To sport, to frolick. to
PLEASANCE, pl^izinse, *. 234. Gayety, pleasan-
try. Obsolete.
PLEASANT, plSzizant, adj. 234. Delightful -, good
humoured; cheerful; gay, lively, merry; trilling, a-
dapted rather to mirth than use.
PLEASANTLY, pl£z'zant-le, adv. In such a man-
ner as to give delight ; gayly, in good humour ; lively,
ludicrously.
PLEASANTNESS, pl£zizant-n£s, *. Delightful-
ness, state of IK ing pleasant ; gayety, cheerfulness, mer-
riment.
PLEASANTRY, pl£z-zan-tr£, *. Gayety, merri-
ment; sprightly saying, lively talk.
To PLEASE, pleze, v. a. 227. To delight, to gra-
tify, to humour ; to satisfy, to content ; to obtain favour
from ; to be pleased, to like, a word of ceremony.
To PLEASE, pWze, v. n. To give pleasure ; to
gain approbation ; to like, to choose ; to condescend,
to comply.
PLEASINGLY, pl^zlng-1^, adv. In such a man-
ner as to give delight.
PLEASURABLE, pl£zh-&r-a-bl, adj. Delightful,
full of pleasure.
PLEASURE, pl£zhiiire, *. 234. 450. Delight,
PLE
389
PLU
nor Kit, n&t 163 — tiibe 171, tfib 172, bull 173— ill 299— pifind 313 — <Ain 466 — THIS 4C9.
gratification of the mind or senses ; loose gratification ;
approbation ; what the will dictates; choice, arbitra-
v. a. To please, to
ry will.
To PLEASURE,
gratify.
PLEBEIAN, pl4-b£-yin, j. 113. One of the lower
people.
PLEBEIAN, pl^-b&^y&n, adj. Popular, consisting
of mean persons ; belonging to the lower ranks ; vulgar,
low, common.
PLEDGE, pl&dje, s. A gage, any thing given by
way of warrant or security, a pawn ; a surety, a bail, a
hostage.
2'u PLEDGE, plddje, v. a. To put in pawn, to give
as security; to secure by a pledge; to invite to drink,
by accepting the cup or health after another.
PLEDGET, pl£d^jit, S. 99. A small mass of lint.
PLEIADS, pte'yadz, ) s. A northern constclla-
PLEIADES, pleiyi-d4z, J tion.
£5- 1 have preferred those orthoepists who mark these
words as I have done, to Mr. Sheridan, who makes the
first syllable like the verb to ply. Dr. Kenrick, Scott,
mid Perry, thu only orthoepists from whom we can know
the sound of the diphthong d, give it as I have done ; and
Johnson, by placing the accent after the e, seems to have
(tone the same : but the sound we invariably give to these
vowels in Plebeian, is a sufficient proof of English analo-
gy ; and that pronouncing them like eye, is an affectation
of adhering to the Greek, from which Pleiades is derived.
See Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek and La-
tin Proper Names, under the word.
PLENAHILY, pl&n£i-ri-lti, adv. Fully, completely.
PLENARY,
complete.
or pl^-ni-n*, iidj. Full,
Some very respectable speakers make the vowel e,
in the first syllable of this word long; but analogy and
the best usage seem to shorten the e, as they do the a in
Granary. Mr. Nares, W. Johnston, Buchanan and En-
tick, adopt the second pronunciation ; and Mr. Sheridan,
Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Perry, the
first: nor do I see any reason that the e should not be
short in this word us well as in plenitude, in which all our
orthoepists, except Buchanan, pronounce the £ us in plen-
ty-
PLENARINESS, pl3i)ia-rd-n£s, s. Fullness, com-
pleteness.
PLENILUNARY, j>13n-ne Ui-ni-r£, adj. Relating
to the full moon.
PLENIPOTENCE, pl£-i:lp'pA-t£nse, *. Fullness of
power.
PLENIPOTENT, pl<*-nlp-pA-t£nt, adj. invested
with full power.
PLENIPOTENTIARY, pWn-t»4-j>6 t£n£sh
negotiator invested with full power.
PLENIST, p!&n!st, s. 544. One that holds all space
to be full of matter.
PLENITUDE, pl£nitl£ tide, s. Fullness, the con-
trary to vacuity ; repletion, animal fulness, plcthory;
exuberance, abundance, completeness.
PLENTEOUS, pl&i-tsli^-jus, adj. 263. .Cppiqus
exuberant, abundant; fruitful, fertile.
PLENTEQUSL.Y, p.]en-tshti-&s-l£, adv. .Copiously
abundantly, exuberantly.
PLENTEOUSNESS, pJ5n.J-tsh£-&s-n&, s. Abundance
fertility.
PLENTIFUL, pUniti-f&l, adj. Copious, abundant
exuberant, fruitful.
PLENTIFULLY, ,pl£nitt*-ful-<£, adv.
abundantly
PLENTIFULNESS, pl^ni^-fSl-n^s,
being plentiful, abundance, fertility.
PLKNTY, pl^nite, f. Abundance, s.uch a quantity
as is more than enough; fruitfulness, exuberance; i
is used, 1 think, barbarously for plentiful ; a state ir
which enough is had and enjoyed.
PLEONASM, pLJ-i-H&zm, &. A figure of rhetorick
by which more words are used than are necessary.
PLETHORA, p\&t/t'-&-r&, 4. 468 The state in which
ijic vessels are fuller of humours than is agreeable to
a natural state of health.
ft^p- All our orthoepists, except a Dictionary of Term
in iltttauc, jilact the accent .011 tlit £rst syllable of tin
word, notwithstanding the Greek and Latin o arc long.
This probably arose from the anglicised word Plethory,
ihere the accent is very properly antepenultimate. — See
Vmciplas, No. 503.
adj. Having
* full habit.
PLETHORETICK, pll/A-6-rStMk,
PLETHORICK, pl£.<A&r3k,
PLETHORY, p\&tJt'-o-r&, s. 503. Fulness of habit.
PLEVIN, pl^vivln, 5. In law, a warrant or assurance.
PLEURISY,
pleura.
PLEURITIC AL, p]b-rltAt&-k&l,
«. An inflammation of tire
PLEURITICK.'plil-rltitlk, 509. \ a<lJ' DisMSed
with a pleurisy; denoting a pleurisy.
PLIABLE, pli-S-bl, adj. 405. Easy to be bent, flex-
ible ; flexible of disposition, easy to be persuaded.
PLIABLENESS, pli-a-bl-n£s, *. Flexibility, easiness
to be bent; flexibility of mind.
PLIANCY, pli-an-se, s. Easiness to be bent.
Pl.TANT, pli4ant, adj. Bending, flexile ; limber ;
easy to take a form ; easily persuaded,
PLIANTNESS, pli-4rit-n&3, *. Flexibility, toughness.
PLICATURE.
PLICATION,
132.
s. Fold, double.
PLIERS, pli-urz, s. 98. An instrument by which
any thing is laid hold on to bend it,
TO PLIGHT, pl»te, v. a. To pledge, to give as sure-
ty; to braid, to weave. In this last sense, obsolete.
PLIGHT, pl[te, s. 393. Condition, state; good case;
pledge, gage ; a fold, a plait. Not used in this last sense.
PLINTH, pllnlA, S. In Architecture, is that square
member which serves as a foundation to the base of a
pillar.
To PLOD, plM, v. n- To toil, to drudge, to travel ;
to travel laboriously ; to study closely and dully.
PLODDED, pJOd-dur, f. 98. A dull, heavy, labori-
ous man.
Pl.OT, plot, s. A small extent of ground ; a con-
spiracy, a secret design formed against another ; an in-
trigue, an affair complicated, involved, and embarrass-
ed ; stratagem, secret combination to any ill end ; con-
trivance, deep reach of thought.
To PLOT, pl&t, v- tl. T,o form schemes of mischief
against another, commonly against those in authority ;
to contrive, to scheme.
To PLOT, pl&t, v. a- To plan, to contrive; to de-
scribe according to ichnography.
PLOTTER, p!$t-tfir, s. 98. Conspirator, contriver.
PLOVER, pluv-yur. s. 165. A lapwing.
PLOUGH, pluu, s. 3 13. S9O. The instrument with
which the furrows are cut in the ground to receive the
seed.
To PLOUGH, plou, v. n. To turn up the ground in
order to sow seed.
To PLOUG.H, plqu, v. a. To turn with the plough ;
to bring to view by tjie plough ; to furrow, to divide;
to tear.
PLOUGHBO.Y, pl$$-h&, t. A boy that follows the
plough, a coarse ignorant boy.
PLOUGH EH. pluu-Cir, ;. 98. One who ploughs or
cultivates ground.
PLOUGHLANJD, plouMAnd, s. A farm for corn.
PLOUGHMAN, plui-m&n, s. 88. One who attend*
or uses the plough ; a gross ignorant rustick; a strong
laborious man.
'PLOU.G,HS#ARE, plSfiishare, *. The part of the
plough that is perpendicular to the coulter.
To PLUCK, pluk, j>. a. To pull with nimbleness or
force, to snatch, to pull, t.o draw, to force on and oft",
to force up or down, to strin off feathers; to Pluck up
a heart or spirit, a proy.t-iWal expression for taking up
or resuming courage,.
PLUCK, p!6k, s. A pull, a draw, a single act of
plucking ; the heart, liver, and lights of an animal.
PLUCKER.^pJ.&krkAr, *. 98. One that plucks.
PLUG, plug, t. A stopple, any thing driven hard
into another body.
To P£,UG, J>Jii& Vr O" To stop with a plug.
PLU
390
POE
thousand pounds.
plumb.
It is sometimes improperly written
13" 559. F4te 73, fir 77, fall 83> fit 31 — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107— ni 162, m6re l€4
PLUM, pl&m, s. A fruit ; the sum of one hundred PLUNGER, pl&n-j&r, s. 98. One that plunges, »
diver.
?LURAL, pl&'rll, adj. Implying more than one.
PLURALISM, plfi-rJl-ist, i. One that holds more ec-
clesiastical benefices than one with cure of souls.
PLURALITY, plii-rAl-e-ttS i. The state of being or
having a greater number; a number more than one ;
more cures of souls than one ; tlie greater numbet the
majority.
PLURALLY, plii-rSl-^, adv. In a sense implying
more than one.
PLUSH, pl&sh, S. A kind of rillous or shaggy cloth,
shag.
PLUVIAL, plWv£ it, 7 a'(t- Rainy, relating to
PLUVIOUS, pl&iv^-us, i rain.
To PLY, pll, f. a. To work on any thing closely
and importunately; to employ with diligence, to keep
busy, to set on work ; to practise diligently ; to solicit
importunately.
Tn PLY, pll, v. n. To work, to offer sei vice; logo
in haste; to busy one's self ; to bend.
PLY, pll, s. Bend, turn, bias; plait, fold.
PLYERS, plii&rz, s. 98 See Pliers.
PNEUMATI'CAL, n& mStiti kil,
PNEUMATJCK, nfj mit^tlk, 509.
PLUMAGE, plu-mldje, *. 9O. Feathers, suit of fea-
thers.
PLUMB, pl&m, *. 347. A plurrmet, a leaden weight
let down at the end of a line.
PLUMB, plftm, adi>. Perpendicularly to the horizon;
Jt^y- This word, says Dr. Johnson, is sometimes igrio-
rantlv pronounced plump.
To PLUMB, pl&m, v. a. To sound, to search by a
line with a weight at its end ; to regulate any work by
the plummet.
PLUMBER, pl&mim&r, s. 98. One who works
upon lead. Commonly written Phimmer.
PLUMBERY, pl&m-m&r-«i, *. Works of lead, ma-
nufactures of a plumber.
PLUMCAKE, plum-kake/ *. Cake made with raisins.
PLUME, plume, s. Feather of birds ; feather worn
as an ornament; pride, towering mien ; token of ho-
nour, prize of contest; Plume is a term used by bota-
nists for that part of the seed of a plant which in its
growth becomes the trunk.
To PLUME, pl&me, ?. a. To pick and adjust fea-
thers; to strip off feathers : to strip, to pill; to place
as a plume; to adora with plumes; to plume one's
self upon, to be proud of.
PLUMEALUM, plume-ilM&m,*. A kindtof asbestos.
PLUMIGEROUS, plu>mid-j$r-&s, adj. Having fea-
thers, feathered.
PLUMIPEDE, pl&'m£-p£<le, S. A fowl that has fea-
thers on the foot. See Millepede*.
PLUMMET, pl&m-mlt, i. 99. A weight of lead
hung at a string, by which depths are sounded, and
perpendicularity is discerned.
PLUMOSITY, pi6-m6s^s^-t^, s. The state of hav-
ing feathers.
Pl.UMOUS, plfr-tti&s, adj. 314. Feathery, resem-
bling feathers.
Pl.UMP, pl&mp, adj. Somewhat fat, sleek, full and
smooth.
PLUMP, pl&mp, *.
A knot, a tuft, a cluster, a
number joined in one mass. Little used
Jf5* This word, says Mr. Mason, is now corrupted to
Clump, and is one of those words that the vulgar continue
to speak right, and for which they arc laughed at by po-
liter torrupters of language.
To PLUMP, pl&mp, v. a.
make large.
To fatten, to swell, to
To PLUMP, pl&mp, v. n. To fall like a sfone into
the water ; to be swollen.
Pl.UMP, pl&mp, adv. With a sudden felh — See
Plumb.
PLUMPER, pl&mpi&r, s. 98. Something worn in
the mouth to swell out the cheeks.
PLUMPNESS, pl&mp£n£s, s. Fulness, disposition
towards fulness.
PHTMPORRIDGE, pl&m-porirldje, s. Porridge
with plums.
PLUMPUDDING, pl&m-pudidlng, *. 41O. Pud-
ding made with plums.
PLUMPY, pl&mpi^, adj. Plump, fet.
PLUMY, plfi-m^, adj. Feathered, covered with fea-
thers.
To PLUNDER, pl&n^d&r, »;. «. 98. To pill, ge, to
rob in a hostile way, to rob as a thief.
PLUNDER, plun-d&r, s. Pillage, spoils gotten in war
PLUNDERER, pl&n^d&r-ur, 4. Hostile pillager,
spoiler ; a thief, a robber.
To PLUNGE, pl&nje, u. a. 74. To put suddenly
under water, or under any thing supposed liquid ; to
put iuto any state suddenly ; to hurry into any dis-
tress ; to force in suddenly.
To PLUNGE, pl&nje, v. n. To sink suddenly intc
water, to dive ; to fall or rush into any hazard or dis-
tress.
Pl.UNGE, pl&nje, *. A<:t of putting or sinking unde
wau-j, difficulty, itrait, di»tre*«.
Mored by
wind, relative to wind ; consisting of spirit or wind.
JCJ- I have differed from Mr. Sheridan in these word«,
as 1 apprehend it is contrary to analogy, and the best
usage, to pronounce the initial p. G and k before n are
always silent, as in gnomon, knave, &C. B is not heard
in bdellium, nor p in psalm, ptisan, &c. and till some good
reasons be offered for pronouncing it in the words in
}uestion, I must join with Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, aiul
Mr. Perry, who have sunk it as I have done.
PNEUMATICKS. nu-niat-tlks, $. A branch of me-
chanicks, which considers the doctrine of the air, or
laws according to which that fluid is condensed, raritied,
or gravitates ; in the schools, the doctrine of spiritual
substances, as, God, angels, and the souls of men.
PKEUMATOLOGY, ii&-mi-t61-16-j4, s. The doo
trine of spiritual existence.
To POACH, pAtsh, v. a. 352. To toil slightly ; to
plunder by stealth.
To POACH, potsb, p. n. To steal game, to carry
off gam* privately in a bag.
POACHER, potshi&r, *. 98. One who steals game.
POCK, pok, s. A pustule raised by the small pox.
POCKET, p6k-k!t, s. 88. The smarl bag inserted
into clothes.
To POCKET, pok^klt, v. a. To put in the pocket ;
to Pocket up, a proverbial form that denotes the doing
or taking any thing clandestinely ; to pass by an affront
so as to say nothing of it.
POCKET-BOOK, p6k-klt-bS6k, 5. A paper-book
carried in the pocket for hasty notes.
POCKET-GLASS, pok-klt-glas, S. Portable looking-
glass.
POCKHOLE, p5k-h61e, 5. Pit or scar made by the
small pox.
POCKINESS, p&kik4-n£s, s. The state of being pocky.
POCKY, p&k-ke, adj. Infected with the pox.
POCULENT, pok^ku-lent, adj. Fit for drink.
POD, pid, s. The capsule of legumes, the case of
seeds.
PODAGRICAL, p&--dAg£gr£-kal, adj. Afflicted with
the gout; gouty, relating to the gout.
PODGE, p&dje, s. A puddle, a plash.
POEM, po^m, s. 99. The work of a poet, a fnetrU
cal composition.
POESY, pA^ s£, s. The art of writing poems ; poem,
metrical compositions, poetry ; a short conceit engrav-
ed on a ring or other thing, pronounced as two words.
POET, po^et, s. 99. An inventor, an author of fic-
tion, a writer of poems, one who writes in measure.
POETASTER, po-e-tis tur, s. A vile petty poet.
POETESS, p<Wt-t£s, ». A she poet.
POK
891
mftr 167, nit 163 — tiibe 171, t&b 172, b&ll 173 — oil 299— pofind 313— t/tln 466 — THIS 469
POETICAL, p6-£t-t<i-kll,
POETICK, p.N £tUik, 5O9.
.
, .
poetry, pertaining to poetry, suitable to poetry.
ETICALLY p£&td-kil U, mfo. With th
Utiesofpoetrvrbythenctionofpoetry.
f POLAR, po-lir, adj. 88. Found near the pole,
n ly mg near the |x>le, issuing from the pole.
i POLAUCHY, p61^ar-k^, s.
, ,
is word is not in any of the Dictionaries I have
, .
Utiesofpoetrvrbythenctionofpoetry. ^3^"^^«3^^tf^&
POETRY, po'-e-tre, s. Metrical composition, the art sides tne beforemcntioned beast, the emblem of ihe s»-
or practice of writing poems; poems, poetical pieces, nreme civil. power of the European Polarcliy, another
POIGNANCY, poe-nan-se, *. 387. The power oif beast is represented in this vision, having some external
stimulating the palate, sharpness; the power of irrita- , marks °f a lamb;" As_the on|y fense in *"'«* this word
POINT, point, s. ^yy. 'me snarp ena 01 any in- '"B ° uncvuuu iu».im.-> LUC puie.
strument; a string with a tag; headland, promontory ; POLE, pole, S. The extremity of the axis of the
a sting of an epigram ; an indivisible part of space; an earth, either of the points on which the world turns,
indivisible part of time, a moment; a small space; a long staff; a tall piece of timber erected ; a measure
space; punctilio, nicety ; part required of time or space, of length containing five yards and a half ; an instru-
critical moment, exact place ; degree, state ; note of ment of measuring.
'distinction in writing, a stop ; a spot, a part of a surface fo PoLE, pole, v. a. To furnish with poles,
div, tied by spots, division by marks into which any thing ._ r 11 MI
is distinguished, in a circle 01 other plane, as at tables, r'OLEAXE, polt-aks, s. An axe fixed to a long pole,
the ace or sise Point; one of the degrees into which the POLECAT, poltAilt, J. The fitchew, a stinking
circumference of the horizon and the manner's com- anfinaL
pass is divided ; particular place to which any thing is
mark ; a Point of war, a certain measure beat on the
drum.
To POINT, point, v. a. To sharpen, to forge or
grind to a point ; to direct towards an object by way of
forcing it on the notice; to show as by directing the
finger ; to direct towards a place ; to distinguish by stops
or points.
To POINT, point, v. n. To note with the finger ;
to force upon the notice by directing the finger towards
it ; to distinguish words or sentences by points; to indi-
cate as dogs do to sportsmen ; to show.
POINTED, polnt-ed, adj. Sharp, having a sharp
point or pick ; epigrammatical, abounding in conceits.
POINTEDLY, point-£d-l£, adv. In a pointed man-
ner.
POINTEDNESS, polnt^d-n^S, S. Sharpness, pick-
edness with asperity; epigrammatical smartness.
PoiNTEL, polnt'^1, s. Any thing on a point.
POINTER, pdint-ur, s. 98. Any thing that points;
a dog that points out game to sportsmen.
PoiNTlNGSTOCK, poiiit-liig-stok, s. Something
made the object of ridicule.
POINTLESS, polnt-les, adj. Blunt, not sharp, obtuse.
POISE, pdeze, s. 299. Balance, equipoise, equili-
brium ; a regulating power.
To PoiSE, po^Jze, i>. a. To balance, to hold or
place in cquiponderance; to be equiponderant to; to
weigh ; to oppress with iveight.
POISON, poe-zn, s. 1 70. 299. That which de-
stroys or injures life by a small quantity, and by means
not obvious to the senses, venom.
To POISON, po^-zn, it. a. To infect with poison ;
to attack, to injure, or kill by poison given; to corrupt,
, to taint.
POISON-TREE, poe-zn-trW, *. A plant.
POISONER, poe-zn-5r, s. 98. One who poisons ; a
corrupter.
POISONOUS, po^-zn-&s, adj. Venomous, having
the qualities of poison.
PoiSONOUSLY, pSe-zn-fts-lt*, atlv. Venomously.
PoiSONOUSNESS, poeizn-&s-n£s, *. The quality of
being poisonous, venomousness.
PoiTREL, poe'triM, ». 299. Armour for the breast
of a hoise ; a graving tool.
POKE, poke, s. A pocket, a small bag.
To POKE, pfike, v. a. To feel in the dark, to search
any thing with a long instrument.
POKEB, po-kfrr, I. 98. The iron bar with which
men stir the fire.
PoLF.STAR, p'Alt&stlr, i. A star near the pole by
which navigators compute their northern latitude, cy-
nosure, lodestar ; any guide or director.
POLICE, po-le^s,' s. 112. The regulation and go-
vernment of a city or country, 90 far as regards th«
inhabitants.
POLICED, po-lWst,' adj, 359. , Regulated, formed
into a regular course of administration.
POLICY, poWe-s£, *. The art of government, chiefly
with respect to foreign powers ; art, prudence, manage
ir.eut of .-iftairs, stratagem ; a warrant for money in tie
publrck funds.
To Pbi-ISH, pol-llsh, v. a. To smooth, to bright-
en by attrition, to gloss ; to make elegant of manners.
To POLISH, pol-llsli, v. n. To answer to the act
of polishing, to receive a gloss.
POLISH, poUllsh, s. 544. Artificial gloss, bright-
ness given by attrition ; elegance of manners.
POLISHABLE, polUlsh-i-bl, adj. Capable of be-
ing polished.
POLISHEU, piUllsh-fir, s. 98. The person or in-
strument that gives a gloss.
POLITE, pA-lite,' adj. 170. Glossy, smooth; iu
this sense only tcchnii ally used ; elegant of manners.
POLITELY, po lite-W, adv. With elegance of man-
ners, gtnteel!y,
POLITENESS, po-lltein^s, s. Elegance of manners,
gentility, good breeding.
POLITESSE, p6-W-t£s,' s. FT. Used ludicrously for
politeness.
POLITICAL, pA-Ht^-klil, adj. 1 70. Relating to
politicks, relating to the administration of pubikk af-
fairs; cunning, skilful.
POLITICALLY, po-lltite-kiU-t*, adv. With iela-
tion to public administration ; artfully, politickly.
POLITICIAN, pol-lii-tlslliiln, s. One versed in the
arts of government, one skilled in politicks; a man of
artifice, one of deep contrivance.
POLITICK, polMe-tik, adj. Political, civil ; prn-
dent, versed in aiTairs; artful, cunning.
-
POLITICKLY,
ningly.
adv. Artfully, cun-
.
POLITICKS, pol-l<J-tlks, *. The science of govern-
ment.
POLITY, pol-Ie te, 5. A form of government, civil
.
PbLL, poll, s. 4O6. The head; a catalogue or list
of .voters at an election ; a register of heads ; a fish col-
lea generally a chub; a chcvtu.
POL
392
PON
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83. fat 81 — me 9:5, ma 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move
To I'OI.L, poll, v. a. To lop the top of trees ; to
pull of hair from the head, to clip short, to shear; to
mow, to crop; to plunder, to strip, to pill; to lake a
list or register of persons ; to insert into a number as a
POI.LARD, pAUlard, s. 88.
chub fish.
A tree lopped ; the
POLLEN, pAl-lin, s. 99. A fine powder commonly
understood by the word farina, as also a sort of fine bran.
POLLER, pAl-lar, *. 98. Robber, pillager, plunder-
er; he who votes or polls.
Poi.LF.viL, pAl-eivl, s. Polleril is a large swelling,
inflammation, or imposthume in the horse's poll or
nape of the neck.
PoiLOCK, pil-l&k, s. 166. A kind of fish.
To POLLUTE, pAl-lfrte,' v. a. To make unclean,
in a religious sense; to defile; to taint with guilt; to
corrupt by mixtures of ill.
POLLUTEDNESS, pAl-l&it£d-n5s, s. Defilement,
the state ol being polluted.
POLLUTER, p^-M-t&r, s. 98. Defiler, corrupter.
POLLUTION, pAl-Ifr-sh&n, *. The act of defiling ;
the state of being defiled, defilement.
POLTRON, pul-troon,' s. A coward, a scoundrel.
J£J- This is one of those half Krench half English
word's that shows at once our desire to imitate the nasal
vowel, and our incapacity to do it properly. — See Kncore.
POLY, pAM£, s. An herb.
POLYACOUSTICK, po-le-a-kAu-stlk, ». Any thing
that multiplies or magnifies sounds.
If5* The reason that the o, though under the seconda-
ry accent, in the first syllable of this and the three follow-
ing words, is long, is because two vowels succeed it in the
following syllables. — Pee Principles, No. 534.
POLYANTHUS, pA-le-aii-</(as, *. A plant bearing
many flowers.
PoLYEURON, pA-l<W-drAn, *. A solid figure with
many sides.
POLYEDRJCAL, pA-le-&Wr£-kal, 7 adj. Having
POLY.EDROUS, pA-le-e-<lrOs, 314-5 many silles-
POLYGAMIST, pA-lig-<_'A-mist, s. One who holds
the lawfulness of more wives than one at a time.
POLYGAMY, pA-lIgiga me, *. 518. Plurality of
wives.
POLYGLOT, pAl-l^-glot, adj. Having many languages.
POLYGON, pAl-lt^-gAn, s. 166. A figure of many
angles.
POLYGONAL, pA-Hg-gA-nal, adj. Having many
angles.
POLYGRAM, pAl-li-grim, s. A figure consisting of
a great number of lines.
POLVGRAPHY, pA-llg-gri-fe, *. The art of writ-
ing in several unusual manners or cyphers.
POLYHEDRON, pAW-heidrAn, «. Any thing with
many sides.
POLYLOGY, pA
POLYSYLLABJCAL, p61-l^-sll-libib^ kal, adj.
Having many syllables.
POLYSYLLABLE, p&l-le-sil-la bl, s. A word ol
many syllables.
POLYTHEISM p51'l^-</«*-Izm, s. The doctrine of
plurality of gods.
POLYTHEIST, pAl-l£-£/i£-lst, S. One that holds
plurality of gods.
POMACEOUS, po ma-shus, adj. 357. Consisting
of apples.
POMADE, pA-made,' s. A flagrant ointment.
POMANDER, pA man-d&r, $. 98. A sweet ball, a
perfumed ball of powder.
POMATUM, pA-ma-tum, s. An ointment.
POMEGRANATE, pum-gran'-nit, s. 90. The tree;
the fruit.
POMEROY, p?imiro£, )
POMEROYAL, p&m-r^al, J *' A 8°rt °f *^C-
POMIFEROUS, pA-m1t-i'£r-fis. adj. A term applied
to plants which have the largest fruit, and are covered
with a thick hard rind.
POMMEL, p&m-nill, s. 99. A round ball or knob ;
the knot that balances the blade of the sword ; the pio-
tubcrant part of the saddle before.
To POMMEL, pfimimll, v. a. To beat black and
blue, to bruise, to punch.
POMP, p&mp, s. Splendour, pride ; a procession of
splendour and ostentation.
POMI'HOLYX, pSm-to-Uks, S. Pompholyx is a
white, light, and very friable substance, found in crusts
adhering to the domes of the funia^-es, and of the co-
vers of the large crucibles.
PoMPlON, p&mipe-un, s. 165. A pumpkin.
POMPOSITY, p&m-pis'^-t^, s. An aflcctation <•/
jwmpousness.
fcf Though this word is not to be found in Johnson
or Sheriilan, it has been adopted by some of our other
lexicographers, and so frequently occurs in conversation,
as to deserve a place in the language.
POMPOUS, p6m-p&s, adj. 314. Splendid, magni-
ficent, grand.
POMPOUSLY, p&m-pus-l£, adv. Magnificently,
splendidly.
POMPOUSNESS, p5mip&s-n£s, *. Magnificence,
splendour, showiness, ostcntatiousne
£, *. 518. Talkativeness.
POLYMATH Y, pA-lim-ma-^/ic, t. 518. The know-
ledge of many arts and sciences, also an acquaintance
with many different subjects.
POLYPETALOUS, pAl-l<i-p£titil-&S, adj. Having
many petals.
POLYPHONISM, pA-HtVA-nlzm, *. Multiplicity of
sound.
POLYPODY,
*. A plant.
POLYPOUS, p&lM^-p&s, adj. 314. Having the na-
ture of a polypus, having many feet or roots.
POLYPUS, pAl-14-pis, s. Polypus signifies any thing
in general with many roots or feet, as a swelling In the
iiD.-tnls ; but it is likewise applied to a tough concretion
of grumous blood in the heart and arteries : an animal
with many feet; a creature considered by some natu-
ralists as a link between the animal and vegetable crea-
tion, as partaking of both Uieir natures.
POLYSCOPE, pil-le-skApe, ». A multiplying glass.
POL\SPERMOUS, pAl-l<i-sp<*r-m&s, adj. Those
plants are thus called, '
succeed i
ordc
POND, p&nd, *. A email pool or lake of water, a
bason, water not running or emitting any stream.
To PONDER, p&ni-dur, v. a. 98. To weigh men-
tally, to consider, to attend.
To PONDER, p&n-d5r, v. «. To think, to muse.
PONDERABLE, p&n^d&r a-bl, adj. Capable to be
weighed, mensurable by scales.
PONDERAL, p&nM&r al, adj. Estimated by weight,
distinguished from numeral.
PONDF.RATION, pAn-dur-aishun, *. The act ol
weighing.
PONDERER, p&n-d&r-fir. ». He who ponders.
PODEHOSITY, p6n-dur-As£se-tti, s. Weight, gra-
vity, heaviness.
PONDEROUS, p&nid&r-5s, adj. 314. Heavy,
weighty; important, momentous; forcible, strongly
impulsive.
PONDEROUSLY, p&nid&r-&s-l£, adv. With grciit
weight.
PONDEROUSNESS, pillKiur-&s-n^s, s. Heavine.-s,
weight, gra^•ity.
PONDWEED, p&ndiwe^d, ». A plant.
PoNENT, pAiii^nt, adj. Western -- See Lei-uM.
PONIARD, pin-vArd, *. 113. '2~2. A dagger, »
short stabbing weapon.
To PONIAIID, pAn-yird, v. a. To stab with n
poniard.
PONTAGE, pAn-tldje, *. 90. Duty paid for t!i»
reparation of bridges.
ts are thus calleil, which have more than four seeds i T> i iAt • . v u
ceding each (lower, and this without any certain * ONT1KF, pOu-tlf, s. A pne*t, a high priest ;
r or number. ' Pope.
th»
393
POR
nor 167, not 1 63— t&be 171, t6b 172, bull 173—311 299 — p6&nd 313— /Ain 466— THIS 469.
PONTIFICAL, p5n-tlfif£-kal, adj. Belonging to a
high priest; popish; splendid, magnificent : bridge-
building: in this sense it is used by Milton only.
PONTIFICAL, p5n-tlf-l'«J kal, s. A book contain-
ing rites and ceremonies ecclesiastical.
PONTIFICALLY, pon-tlffe-kil-W, adi>. In a pon-
tifical manner.
PONTIFICATE, p&n-tlfife-kih,
popedom.
S. 90. Papacy,
PONTIFICE, poniti-fls, 4. 142. Bridge-work, edi-
fice of a bridge. Little used
PONTIFICIAL, p5n-t<*-fish£il, adj.
Pontiffs or Popes
Relating to
PONTON, pon-toon£ *. A floating bridge, or in-
vention to pass over water.— See Poltron and Kncure.
PONY, pA-lli, S. A small horse.
POOL, pool, s. 305. A lake of standing water.
POOP, poop, s. 306. The hmdermost part of the =hip.
Pooa, poor, adj. 306. Indigent, oppressed with
want; trifling, narrow; paltrv, mean; unhappy, un-
easy ; depressed, low ; a word of tenderness, dear ; a
word of slight contempt, wretched ; not pond, not fit
for any purpose; the Poor, those who are in the lowest
rank of the community, those who cannot subsist but
by the charity of others ; barren, dry, as, a Poor soil ;
lean, emaciated, as, a Poor horse ; without spirit, flac-
cid.
POORLY, poorM£, adv. Without wealth ; with
little success; meanlv, without spirit; without dignity.
POOBJOHN, po6r-j5n/ S. A sort of fish.
POORNESS, po5riii£s, S. Poverty, indigence, want ;
meanness, lowness, want of dignity ; sterility, barren-
ness.
POORSPIRITED, poor-splrilt-exl, ad}. Mean, cow-
ardly.
POORSPIRITEDNESS, p6or-splriit-4d- n4s,
Meanness, cowardice.
POP, pop, s. A small, smart, quick sound.
t2?" Undoubtedly derived from the noise caused by the
sudden expulsion of some small body.
To POP, pop, v. n. To move or enter with a quick,
sudden, and unexpected motion.
TJ POP, pop, v. a. To put out or in suddenly, slily,
or unexpectedly ; to shift
PoPE, pope, s. The bishop of Rome; a small fish,
by some called a ruff.
PoPEDOM, popeWum, *. 1 66. Papacy, papal dig-
nity.
POPERY, po^pur-i, s. 555. A name given by Pro-
testants to the religion of the church of Rome.
PoPESEYE, pops-i, s. The gland surrounded with
fat in the middle of the thigh.
POPGUN, p&p-g&n, *. A gun with which children
play, that only makes a noise.
POPINJAY, pop-pln-ja, s. A parrot; a wood-pecker
a trilling fop.
POPISH, po-plsh, adj. An epithet of contempt for
what is taught by the Pope; relative to what is called
Popery.
POPISH I. Y, poiplsh-lti, adi>. In a popish manner.
PoPLAtt, pop-lar, s. 88. A tree.
POPPY, p5p-pti, *. A soporiferous plant.
POPULACE, pAp-pi-lis, «. 91. The vulgar, thi
multitude.
POPULACY, pop^p6-li-s£, j. Tlie common people
the multitude. Little or scarcely ever used.
POPULAR, pop-pu-lir, adj. 88. Vulgar, plebeian
suitable to the common people; beloved by the people
pleasing to the people; studious of the favour of the
people; prevailing or raging among the populace, as
a popular distemper.
POPULARITY, pop-p6 liiri<*-te,, s. Grariousncs
among the people, state of being favoured by the pro
pie ; representation suited to vulgar conception : in thi
sense little used.
POPULARLY, pop-pi-lAr-l^, cdi>. In a pnpuia
manner; so as to please the crowd ; according to vul
gar conception.
To POPULATE, p&pipi-late, v. n. To breed people.
COPULATION, pop-pil la-shun, *. The state of a
country with respect to numbers of people.
'OPULOUS, pop-pu-ltis, adj. 314. Full of people,
numerously inhabited.
POPULOUSLY, pop-pi-lus-le, adv. With much
people.
'OPULOUSNESS, pop-p£i-l&s-n£s, *. The state of
abounding with people.
'ORCELAIN, poris^-lane, *. China, china ware.
JORCH, portsh, s. 352. A roof supported by pil-
lars before a door, an entrance ; a portico, a covered
walk.
PORCUPINE, porMci-pine, s. 149. A kind of large
hedge-hog.
/'ORE, pore, s. Spiracle of the skin, passage of per-
spiration ; any narrow spiracle or passage.
To PORE, port-, v. «. To look with jueat intense-
ness and care.
POREBLIND, pore-blind, ad). Near-sighted, short-
sighted. Commonly written, and always pronounced,
purblind,
PoRINESS, p6^re-n£s, s. Fulness of pore*.
PORK, pork, s. Swine's flesh.
PORKER, pork-ur, 3. A hog, a pig.
PORKEATER, porkie-tur s. One who feeds on pork.
PORKET, porlUit, s. 99. A young hog.
PORKLING, porkMlng, S. 410. A young pig.
POROSITY, po-r5s-se-t^, *. Quality of having
pores.
POROUS, po'r&s, adj. 314. Having small spira-
cles or passages.
POROUSNESS, po-rus-n^s, s. The quality of hav-
ing pores.
PoilPHYRE, por-fur, } j. Marble of a particular
PORPHYRY, poV-fur-4,
PORRACEOUS, pir-raish&s, adj. Greenish.
PORUECTION, pyr-r^kish&n, *. The act of reach-
ing forth.
PORRJST, porMt, *. 99. A scallion.
PORRIDGE, pSr-riilje, s. Food made by boiling meat
and other ingredients in water.
PORRIDGEPOT, pir^rldje-pot, s. The pot in which
meat is boiled for a family.
PORRINGER, porirln-jCir, s. A vessel in which
broth is eaten. It seems in Shakespeare's time to have
been a word of contempt for a head-dress.
PORT, port, s. A harbour, a safe station for ships ;
a gate, Shew all thy praise* within the ports of the
daughter of Sion: the aperture in a ship at which t'ie
gun is put out ; carriage, air, mien; the name of t!>e
wine of Opurto in Portugal.
PORTABLE, por^tA bl, adj 4O5. Manageable by
the hand ; surh as may be borne along with one ; si.ch
as is transported or carried from one place to another;
sufferable, supportable.
PORTABLENESS, p6riti bl-Ii^S, *. The quality of
being pot table.
PORTAGE, port-ldje, s. 90. The price of carriage;
^tort-hole.
PORTAL, pir-tal, s. 88. The gate, the arch under
uhvli the gate opens.
PoitTANSE, por-tAnse, s. Air, mien ; demeanour.
Obsolete.
PoKTASS, poritis, *. A breviary, a prayer book.
Obsolete.
PORTCULLIS, p6rt-kfi!-Hs, s. A tort of machine
like a harrow, hung over the gates of a city, to be let
down to keep out an enemy.
To PORTCULLIS, p6rt-k&l-lis, v. a. To bar, to
shut up.
POUTED, port-eel, adj. Borne in a certain or regu-
lar order.
POS
POS
t^- 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — i)A 162, more 164,
To PORTEND, por-ttlnd,' v. a. To foretoken, to <*n' is generally on the first syllable, because the second-
ary accent was on that syllable m the Knglish iirommcia-
foreshow as omens. , ti()'n of the Latin wor(f._Seu ;lcadem£ Dr. J,>hnson
POUTF.NSION, por-tdnishun, t, Tl\e act of fore- an,i Mr. Sheridan give this wore! the same accentuation
tokening. I as I have done ; but most of our other othoepists accent
PORTENT, por-'fSn'tf *. Omen of ill, prodigy fore- the second syllable.
POSSESSOR, poz zes-sftr, j. 166. Owner, maiten,
tokening misery.
PORTENTOUS, p3r-t£n-t&s, adj. Monstrous, pro-
digious foretokening ill.
POUTER, por-ttir, s. 98. One that has the charge
of the gate ; one who waits at the door to receive mes-
sages ; one who carries burdens for hire , a kind of strong
beer.
PORTERAGE, pAr-tftr-idje, j. 90. Money paid for
carriage.
PORT-FOLIO, pArt-fAM(i-A, ». An rnpty binding
of the size of a lar(;e book to keep loose paper in.
PORTICO, por-te-kA, s. A covered walk, a piazza.
PORTION, pAr-sli&n, s. A part; a part assigned,
an allotment, a dividend : p.arl of an Inheritance given
to a chilli, a fortune ; a wife's fortune.
To PORTION, pAr-sliftn, v. a. To divide, to par-
. eel ; to endow with a fortune.
PoRTIONER, porish&n-&r, j. 98. One that divides.
PORTLINESS, pArt-l<*-n£s, s. Dignity of mien ;
grandeur of dcme.mour.
PORTLY, pArt-1^, adj. Grand of mien ; bulky,
swelling.
PORTMAN, pArtiman, *. 88. An inhabitant or
burgess, as those of the cinque-ports.
PORTMANTEAU, port-man-tA, s A chest or bag
in which clothes are carried'.
PORTRAIT, pAritrate, s. 90. A picture drawn af-
ter the life.
PORTRAITURE, por^tra tfire, s. Picture, painted
resemblance.
To PORTRAY, pAr-tra/ v. a. 49'2. To paint, to
describe by picture ; to attoin with pictures.
PORTRESS, pAr-tr£s, i. A female guardian of a
gate.
PORY, poir£, adj. frull of pores.
To POSE, pAze, v. a. To puzzle, to gravel, to put
to a stand or stop.
PosER, po-z&r, ». 98. One that asks questions to
try capacities, an examiner.
POSITED, p6zizit-£d, adj. Placed ; ranged.
POSITION, pA-zish-&n, s. State of being placed,
situation; principle laid down; advancement of any
principle; in grammar, the state of a vowel placed be-
fore two consonants.
POSITIONAL, pA-zlsL-Jm-al, adj. Respecting po-
sition.
POSITIVE, p&Z-z£-tlV, adj. 157. tfot negative,
real, absolute ; direct, not implied ; dogmatical, ready
to lay down notions wiih confidence; settled by arbi-
trary appointment ; certain, assured.
POSITIVELY, poz-ze-tlv-l£, adv. Absolutely, by
way of direct position; certainly, without dubitation ;
peremptorily, in strong terms.
POSITIVENESS, poz-Zti tlv-n^s, s. Actualness, not
mere negation ; peremptoriness, confidence.
POSSE, pAs-st^, s. An armed power, consisting of
the populace.
To POSSESS, p5z-z£s^ v. a. 1 70. To have as an
owner, to be master of; to enjoy, or occupy actually ;
to seize, to obtain ; to have power over, as an unclean
spirit ; to effect by intestine power.
~he o in the first syllable of possess, and its com-
pounds, is exactly under the same predicament as the
same letter in occasion, obedience, &c. which see.
POSSESSION, poz-zlsliifin, *. The state of owning
or having in one's own hands or power.
POSSESSIVE, pAz-z^slv, 7 adj. Having j
POSSESSORY, p5z-z£s-sur-^, \ session.
Jtj* For the same reason that I have placed the accent
011 the first 55 liable of dimlssory, I have placed it on the
fi st syllable of this word ; our language seems to prefer
deriving it from the '^xtm possesxorius, to forming it from
our own word possess; and when this is the ca»e, tile ac-
propnetor.
POSSET, p&sislt, s. 99. Milk curdled with wine o»
any acid.
POSSIBILITY, pos-s«*-blW-t£, s. The power of be-
ing in any manner, the state of being possible.
POSSIBLE, p&s-s£ bl, adj. 405. Having the power
to be or to be done, not contrary 19 the nature of things.
POSSIBLY, pAs^se-bl^, adv. By any power really
existing ; perhaps, without absurdity.
POST, post, s. A hasty messenger, a courier who
comes and goes at stated times ; quick course or maiv-
ner of travelling; situation, seat; military staiion ;
place, employment, office; a piece of timber set eiect
To PbST, post, v. n. To travel with speed.
To POST, post, v. a. To fix opp'robriou»ly on post*;
to place, to station, to fix ; to register methodical y,
to transcribe from one book into another ; to delay,
obsolete.
POSTAGE, pAst-ldje, s. 90. Money paid for con-
veyance of a letter,
POSTBOY, post-bo4, s. Courier, boy that rides |>ost.
To POSTDATE, post-date, v. a. To date later th'an
the real time.
POSTDILUVIAN, pAst-d^-lti-v^-an, i. One thai
lived since the flood.
POSTER, post-frr, s. 98. A bouHer, one that ti»-
vels hastily.
POSTERIOR, p&s-t&nWir, adj. Happening aftet,
placed after, following; backward.
POSTEIIIORS, p&s-te're-Cirz, s. 166. The hinder
parts.
POSTERIORITY, pos-tt*-re-5i-ie-t£, *. The state of
being after, opposite to Pi iurity.
POSTERITY, p6s-t£r-£-t<5, $. Succeeding genera-
tions. descendants.
POSTERN, pos't£rn, s. A small gate, a little door.
POSTEXISTENCE, pOSt-^-Zlsit&nse, i. Future
existence.
POSTHASTE, pdst-hastt/ J. Haste like that of a
courier.
POSTHORSE, post-horSe, S, A horse stationed for
the use of couriers.
POSTHOU§E, post-house, .». Post-office, house where
letters are taken and despatched.
POSTHUMOUS, posti-lifc-mus, adj. Done, had, or
published after one's death.
POSTIL, p5s-tll, s. Gloss, marginal notes.
To POSTIL, pus-til, v. a. To gloss, to illustrate
with marginal notes.
POSTILION, pos-tll-yfin, s. 113. tine who guides
the first pair of a set of six horses in a coach ; one who
guides a post-chaise.
POSTILLER, p5si-tll-&r, «. One who glosses or il-
lus'ratcs with marginal notes.
PoaTLlMlNOUS, post llrn-£-nfis, adj. Done after-
wards, continued afterwards.
POSTLIMINY, p&>t-l!m^-n2, s. The return of a
person thought to have bien dead ; a restoration from
banishment or exile; the act of taking posse sion of a
house by entering at a hole in the wall, the way by tlw
threshold being thought ominous.
POSTMASTER, post-mas-t&r, s. One who has the
charge of a pubhck conveyance of letters.
POSTMASTER-GENERAL, pAst£mas-tur-j(hi'3r-Al,
s. He who presides over the posts or letter carriers.
POSTMERIDIAN, pAst-mt^ rldie-in, adj. Being in
the afternoon. — See Meridian.
POSTOFFICE, pAst.&fills, s. Office where letter*
are delivered to the post, a post-house.
To POSTPONE, post-pone,' v. a. To put off, toSe-
lay i to set in value below something eUc.
POT
395
POU
nor 167, nit 163 — tibe 171, t5b 172, bull 173 — oil 299— pound 313 — t/iin 466— THls 4C9.
POSTSCRIPT, pAst-skrlpt, ». The paragraph added
to the end of a letter.
POSTULANT, p6s-tshu-l;\nt, *. A candidate.
To POSTULATE, pos-tsliu-late, v. a. I'o beg or
assume without proof.
POSTULATE, pos^tshu lit, $. 9O. Position sup^
posed or assumed, without proof.
PoSTUI.ATION, pos-tshu-lj&iliun, 4. The act of
supposing without proof, gratuitous assumption.
POSTULATORY, poS-tsliu l&-t&r (*, adj. 512. As-
suming without proof: assumed without proof.— For
the last o, see Domeatick.
POSTULATUM, pos-tshu-lait&m, *. 503. Position
assumed without proof.
$$• This is a Lutin word, which forms its plural some-
times like its original pvstulata, and sometimes as in Eng-
lish postulatumi : the former Is the most eligible, if we
are discoursing logically ; and the latter, if we are spe.ik-
ing less methodically.
POSTURE, p&sitshure, *. 463. fclace, situation ;
voluntary collocation of the parts of the body with re-
spect to each other ; state, disposition.
To POSTURE, p&s-tshure, v. a. To put in any par-
ticular place or disposition.
POSTUREMASTER, posUshur-mas- t&r, .«. One who
teaches or practises artificial contortions of the body.
s. A bunch of flowers ; a mbtto on a
POSY,
ring,
POT, pot, *.
A vessel in which meat is boiled on
the fire; vessel to hold liquids ; vessel made of earth ;
a pewter vessel or
beer ; To go to Pot, to i
; holding a quart or pint of
destroyed Or devoured.
To POT, pot, v. a. To preserve seasoned meats in
pots; to enclose in pots of earth.
POTABLE, pt^ta-bl, adj. 405. Such a* may be
drank, drinkable.
PoTABLENESS, po-tA bl-n£s, s. DHukableness.
POTARGO, po-tarigo, s. A West-Indian pickle.
POTASH, pot-ash, *. Potash is an impure fixed al-
kaline salt, made by burning from vegetables.
POTATION, p6-ta-sh&n, s. Drinking bout, draught.
POTATO, p6-ta-to, *. An esculent root.
POTBELLIED, pot-b5l-lld, adj. 283. Having a
swollen paunch.
POTBELLY, potrl>$l-lt*, *. A swelling paunch.
To PoTCH, potsh, v. a. To poach, to boil slightly.
If^f* This word is more commonly and better written
poach.
POTCOMPANION, pot-kum-pan-yun, i. A fellow
drinker, a good fellow at carousals.
POTENCY, po^t^n-s^, s. Power, influence; efficacy,
strength.
POTENT, po- t5nt, adj. Powerful, efficacious ; having
great authority or dominion, as, Potent monarchs.
POTENTATE, p6't£n-tate, *. 9O Monarch, prince,
sovereign.
POTENTIAL, p6-t£lAha1, adj. Existing in possi-
bility, not in act ; having' the effect without the exter-
nal actual property ; efficacious, powerful : in Gram-
mar, Potential is a mood denoting the possibility of do-
ing any action.
POTENTIALITY, p6-t3n-sh£-aW-t£, 5. 542. Pos-
sibility ; not actuality.
POTENTIALLY, po-t£n-shal-i, adv. In power or
possibility, not in act or positively ; in efficacy, not in
actuality.
POTENTLY, po-t£nt-li5, adv. Powerfully, forcibly.
POTENTNESS, p6it6nt-li&>, 5. PoWerfulness, might
power.
POTGUN, pot-gun, j. (By mistake or corruption
used for Po;>gun.) A gun which makes a small noise
PoTHANGER, p5t-hlng-&r, j. Hook or branch on
which the pots are hung over the fire.
POTHECARY, pof/j-^-ka-ni, j. 470. One who
compounds and sells medicines.
J£3" 'I his contraction of apothecary is allowable in no-
thing but in Comic Poetry :
" So modern "potkecanei taught the art
" By doctors' bills to play the iloctor>' part ;
" Bold in the practice of mi>lakon rult~,
" Prescribe, apply, and call thi-ir master* fools."
fapr't Eliay on Cril,
The other contraction, as if written potecary, a almost
oo vulgar to deserve notice.
POTHER, p&THiur, *. 165. 469. Bustle, tumult,
flutter.
To POTHER, p&THiur, r. a. To make a blusfcr-
ng ineffectual effort.
POTHERB, p6t-£rb, 5. 394. 'An herb fit for the pot.
['OTHOOKS, p6t-h66kS, s. Hooks to fasten pots
or kettles on; also ill-formed or scrawling letters or
. characters.
POTION, pi^shfin, S. A draught, commonly a phy.
sir.il draught.
POTLID, pot-lid, s. Cover bf a pot.
POTTAGE, p&t-tldje, s. 90. Any thing boiled ot
decocted for food.
PoTTER, pot-tur, *. A maker of earthen vessels.
POTTERN-ORE, pot- t^rn- 6re, i. Ah ore whitfc
serves the potters to glaze their earthen vessels.
POTTING, p&titlng, part, ailj- ^1O. Drinking.
POTTLE, pot-tl, s. 405. A liquid measure con-
taining four pints.
PoTVALIANT, pot-val'yint, adj. Heated to cou-
rage by strong drink.
POUCH, I oulsli. s. 313. A small bag, a pocket ;
applied ludicrously to a big belly or a paunch.
PbVEBTY, p5v-v&r-ti, s. Indigence, necessity ;
meanness, defect.
Pot'LT, polt, 4. 318. A young chicken, particular-
ly of a turkey.
fcj- This word is corrupted by the great as well as the
small vulgar, into pout, rhyming with btot.— See Asjuir-
agtn and Cucumber.
POULTERER, p61-t&r-&r, *. One whose trade ii to
sell fowls ready for the cook.
POULTICE, p6l-tls, i. 142. A cataplasm, a soft
mollifying application.
To POULTICE, poUtls, ». a. 142. To apply a
poultice or cataplasm.
POULTRY, pol^tre, s. Domestu-k fowls.
PbUNCE, poiinsr, .1. 313. The claw or talon uf a
bird of prey ; the powder of gum sandarach.
To POUNCE, pofinsc, V. a. To pierce, to perforate ;
to pour, to sprinkle through small perforations; to
seize with the pounces or talons.
POUNCED, pounst, adj. 359k Furnished with clawi
or talons.
POUNCETBOX, pounislt-biks, *. A tmall bo*
perforated.
POUND, pofind, *. SIS. A certain weight, con-
sisting, in Troy weight, of twelve, in Avoirdupois, of
sixteen ounces; the sum of twenty shillings; a pin-
fold, an enclosure, a prison in which beasts are enclosed.
To POUND, po'tnd, v. (i. To beat, to grind with a
pestle; to shut up, to imprison, as in a pound.
POUNDAGE, pofirul-idje, *. 90. A certain sum de-
ducted from a pound ; payment rated by Die weight of
the commodity.
POUNDEK, p6findi?ir, *. 98. The name of a h«rry
large pear ; any person or thing denominated from a
certaiu number of pounds, as, a ten-pounder, a gun
that carries a bullet of ten pounds weight ; a pestle.
To POUR, pour, v. a. 216. To let some liquid c.ut
of a vessel, or into some place or receptacle; to emit,
to give vent to, to send forth, to let out, to send in a
continued course.
^f Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Dr. Kcn-
rick, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Smith, pronounce this woul u»
1 have done ; Mr. Nares alone pronounces it pore.
To Poi'R, pofir, v. n. To flow rapidly ; to ru»b tu.
multuously.
PouRER, po&ri&r, s. 98. One that poun Se«
Principles, No. 316.
POUT, pout, s. 3 1 3. A kind of fi»h, a cod Csh ; »
kind of bird ; a chick of a turkej.
PRA
396
PRE
|5- 559. Fate7:i, fAr 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m«* 93, m& 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — ni 162, mive 1G4,
To POUT, pout, P. M. To took sullen by thrust-
ing out the lips ; to shoot out, to hang prominent.
POWDER, p5&idir. s. 98 322. Dust, any body
comminuted ; gunpowder; sweet Just for the hair.
To POWDER, poi-d&r, p. a. To reduce to dust,
to comminute, to pound small ; to sprinkle as with
du^t: to salt, to sprinkle with salt.
POWUEHBOX, pou-dar-boks, s. A box in which
powder for the hair is kept.
PowiJERHORN, pou-dur-horn, 5. A horn case
in which (wwder i-i kept for guns.
PowDERMILL, pouklOr-mil, s. The mill in which
the ingredients for fiun|K>wder are ground and mingied.
PoWDER-KOOM, pou-dCir-roo.it, s. That part of a
ship in which the gunpowder is kept.
POWDER-CHESTS, poiidfir-tshests, s. Wooden
triangular chests filled with gunpowder, pebblestones,
and such like materials, ?cl on (ire when a ship is board-
ed by an enemy.
PowDEIUNG-TUB, pou'd&r-lug-tub, ». The ves-
sel in which meat is saltud ; the- place in which an in-
fecteil lecher is physicked to preserve him from putre-
faction.
POWDERY. pouM&r-e, adj Dusty, friable.
POWER, pou-&r, s. 98. 322. Command, authority,
dominion, influence; ability, force, reach : the mov-
ing force of an engine; (acuity of the mind ; sovereign,
potentate ; one invested with dominion ; divinity ; host,
arm) , military force.
POWERFUL, pou-Qr-ful, adj. Invested with com-
mand or authority, potent; forcible, mighty; effica-
cious.
POWERFULLY, pou-&r-ffil-£, ado. Potently,
mightily, efficaciously, forcibly.
POWERFULNESS, pou-Qr-ful-n^S, *. Power, effi-
cacy, might.
POWERLESS, pou-£ir-l£s, adj. Weak, impotent.
PoX, poks, t. Pustules, efflorescences ; the venereal
disease.
To POZE, p6ze, v. a. To puzzle. — See Pose and
Oppose.
PRACTICABILITY, pr&k£tt£-k&-bll^-t£, s. Prao
ticaMone-s. a possibility of being perfoimed.— Sec Im-
practicability.
PRACTICABLE, prakke-ka-bl, adj. Perforraable,
feasible, capable to he practised ; assailable, fit to be
assailed.
PRACTICABLENESS, prakite-ka-bl-ti£s, s. Possi-
bili'.y to be performed
PRACTICABLY, prakit^-ka-ble, acbu In siicb a
manner as may be performed.
PRACTICAL, prik-te-kal, adj. Relating to action,
not merely speculative.
PRACTICALLY, prak-t^-kal-le, adv. In relation
to action ; by practice, in real fact.
PRACTICALNESS, prakite-kal-n^s, s. The quality
of being practuaL
PRACTICE, prak^tls, *. 142. The habit of doing
any thing; use, customary use; dexterity acquired by
habit; actual performance distinguished from theory ;
method or art of doing any thing; medical treatment
of diseases; exercise of any profession ; wicked strata-
gem, bad artifice. In this last sense not now in use.
PRACTICK, prak-tlk, adj. Relating to action, not
merely theoretical.
7'» PRACTISE, prlk'tis, v- a. 493. Todotabitu-
ally ; to do, not merely t > profess, ax, to Practise law
or j'hysick ; to use in order to habit and dexterity.
To PRACTISE, prak'tls, v. n. To have a habit of
acting in any manner formed; to transact, to negotiate
secretly ; to use bad artc or stratagems ; to use medical
methods ; to exercise any profession.
PftACTlSANT, prak-liz-ant, s. An agent. Not in
use.
PRACTISES, prak^ds-s?ir, t. 98. One that prac-
tises any thing, one that does anything habitually;
one who prescribes medical treatment.
PxACTiTipSKtt, prak.tibh-iiii-Cir, s. One who U
engaged in the actual exercise of any art ; one who does
•fly thing habitually.
PR^ECOGNITA, pr£-kog£n&Jta, *. 92, Things pre-
viously known in order to understand something el»e.
PRAGMATICS, prag-matitik, 509. ) ,.
PRAGMATICAL, prlg-mit-te-kal, \ a<^'
dling. impertinently busy, assuming business without
invitation.
PRAGMATICALLY, prig-matA^-kUl -£, adv. Med-
dlingly, impertinently.
PftAGMATiCALXESS, prag-mat-t»*-kal-nes, ». The
quality of intermeddling without right or call.
PRAISE, praze, s. 202. Renown, commendation,
celebrity; glorification, tribute of gratitude, laud 5
ground or reason of praise.
To PRAISE, prazi-, r. a. To commend, to applaud,
to celebrate ; lo glorify in worship.
PRAISEFUL, praze-ful, adj. Laudable, commenda-
ble.
PRAISER, pra-zur, *. 98. One who- praises, an
applauder, a commender.
PRAISEWORTHY, prazt-w&r-TH^, adj. Commen-
ilabic, de^rving praise.
PRAME, prame, s. A flat- bottomed boat.
To PRANCE, prime, v. •». 78, 79. To spring
and bound in high metal ; to ride gallantly and osten.
tatiously ; to move in a warlike or snowy manner.
To PRANK, pringk, v. O. To decorate ; to dress
or adjust to ostentation.
PRANK, prangk, s- 408. A frolick, a wild flight,
a ludicrous trick, a wicked act.
To PRATE, prate, v n. To talk carelessly and with-
out weight, to chatter, to tattle.
PRATE, prate, s. Tattle, slight talk, unmeaning lo-
quacity.
PRATER, prait&r, j. 98. An idle talker, a chatterer
PRATINGLY, pri-tlng-lti, otlv. 410. With tittle-
tattle, with loquacity.
To PRATTLE, prat-tl, v. n. 405. To talk lightly,
to chatter, to be trivially loquacious.
PRATTLE, prit-t), *. Empty talk, trifling loquacity.
PuATTLEtt, prat-l&r, s. 98. A trifling talker, a
chatterer.
PRAVITY, prav^-te, *. Corruption, badness, ma-
lignity.
PRAWN, prawn, s. A small crustaceous fish like a
shrimp, but larger.
To PRAY, pra, v. n. To make petitions to heaven ;
to entreat, to ask submissively ; 1 Piay, or Pray, sing-
ly, is a slightly ceremonious form of introducing a
question.
To PRAY, pra, v. a. To supplicate, to implore, to
address with petitions ; to ask for as a supplicant ; to
entreat in ceremony or form.
PRAYER, pra-Cir, s. 98. Petition to heaven ; en-
treaty, submissive importunity.
PRAYER-BOOK, pri-Cir-bouk, s. Book ofpublk-fc
or private devotions.
To PREACH, preuh, v. n. 227. To pronounce a
publick discourse upon sacred subjects.
To PREACH, pret>li, v. a. To proclaim or publish
in religious orations ; to inculcate publickly, to teach
with earnestnes-i.
PREACHER, prtitshiuT, *. 98. One who discourse*
publickly upon religious subjects; one who is apt to
harangue tediously in d scoursc.
PREACHMENT, pr<stshim£nt, s. A sermon or other
discourse mentioned in contempt,
PREAMBLE, pru-am-bl, t. 4O5. Something pre-
vious, introduction, preface.
PttEANTtf ENULTU1ATE, pr£- an - t£ - p« - Jl&l - \£
mate, adj. The fourth syllable from the last.
PREAPPREHENSION, pre-ap-pni-h£nish&n, t.
Preconception.
PREBEND, pr^b^nd, *. A stipend granted in ca-
thedral churches ; sometimes, but improperly, a sti-
pendiary of a cathedral, a prebendary.
PUF.BKNDAL, pre-b&l-dul, adj. Ap{>citainii)g to a
prebeud.
PR!?
337
PRE
\nse, J
5n-9<l, $
The act or state
nfir 167, n^t 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 299 — pflund 3l3—.t/im 466 — THis 469.
PuEBENDARY. pr£t>i<*n-d£r-<J, *. 512. A stipen-
diary of a cathedral. I
PRECARIOUS, pni kair^-us, ad). Dejwnrtcnt, un.
certain because depending on the will of another, held
by courtesy.
PRECARIOUSLY, pr£-ka-ri-&s-l£, adv. Uncer-
tainly, by dependence, dependently. .
PRECARIOUSNESS, pr^-ka-r£-&s-n£s, j. Uncet- !
tainty, dependence on others.
P" KCAj;"1ON, pre-kaw-shfrn, s. Preservative cau-
tion, preventive measures.
To PRECAUTION, pr^-kawishun, v. a. To warn
beforehand.
PRECEDANEOUS, pr£s-4-da-n<5-us, adj. Previous,
antecedent.
To PRECEDE, pri-s&le,' t>. a. To .go before in or-
der of time; to go before according to the adjustment
of rank.
PRECEDENCE, pr£-s<*-d£nse,
PRECEDENCY, pr£-se-d£
of going before, priority ; something going before, some-
thing past ; adjustment of place ; the foremost pla'3e in
ceremony ; superiority.
PRECEDENT, pr<*-s<i-dent, -s. (Former, going before.
PRECEDENT, pr£s-s£-d3rtt, s. Any thing that is a
rule or example to future times, any thing done before
of the same kind.
PRECEDENTLY, pr£-s^-d£nt-l^, adv. Beforehand.
PRECENTOR, pr^-s^n-t&r, *. 166. He that leads
the choir.
PRECEPT, pr&sSpt, *. 582. A rule authoritative-
ly given, a mandate.
JtJ- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphinstpn, Mr. Scott, Bucha-
nan, W. Johnston, Perry, and Kntick, make the e in the
first syllable of this word long ; Dr. Kenrick alone makes
it short
PRECEPTIAI., prd s^pislial, adj. Consisting of pre-
cepts.
PRECEPTIVE, prd-s<5pUIv, adj. 157. Containing
precepts giving precepts.
PRECEPTOR, pn*-s£pitur, s. 166. A teacher, a
tutor.
PRECEPTORY, pr£si£p-ti-r£, s. A seminary of
instruction. — See Receptory.
PRECESSION, pr£-s&>h-{m, s. The act of going be-
fore.
PRECINCT, pr&.slngkt's. Outward limit, boundary.
PRECIOSITY, pr^-sh^-os£<i-t£, S. 554. "Value, pre-
ciousness ; any thing of high price.
PRECIOUS, pr^sliius, adj. 357. TabuUe, being of
great worth; costly, of great price, as, a precious stone.
PRECIOUSLY, pr£sh-us-l«i, adv. Valuably, to a great
price.
PRECIOUSNBSS, pr£shius-n&, *. Valuableness,
worth, price.
PRECIPICE, pt'£s£s£-pls, ». 142. A headlong steep,
a fall perpendicular.
PRECIPITANCE, pr^-slpip^-taivse, )
PRECIPITANCY, pr<Mp-pti-tan-sti, ) *'
haste, headlong haste.
PRECIPITANT, pri-s1pip<*-tant, adj. Falling or
rushing headlong; hasty, urged with violent haste;
rashly hurried.
PRECIPITANTLY, pr£-slpip£-tant-W, adv. In
headlong haste; in a tumultuous hurry.
To PRECIPITATE, pr^-slp^pti-tate, v. a. To throw
headlong ; to hasten unexpectedly ; to hurry blindly or
rashly; to throw to the bottom, a term of chymistry
opposed to sublime.
To PRECIPITATE, pr£-slpip£-tate, v. n. To fall
headlong; to fall to the bottom as a sediment ; to hasten
without just preparation.
PRECIPITATE, pr£-slp-p£-t£t, adj.91. Steeply fall-
ing ; headlong, hasty ; violent.
PRECIPITATE, pri-stpipi-tlt, s. 91. Acorrossivc
medicine made by precipitating mercury.
PRKCIPITATEI.Y, pr^-s'ip-p^.tit-l(^, adv. Head-
lung, steeply down; hastily, in blind hurry.
PRECIPITATION, pri slp-p^-taishun, *. The act
of i hrowing headlong ; violent motion downward ; lu*
multuous hurrv, blind haste; in Chymistry, subsiden
cy ; contrary 01 sublimation.
PRECIPITOUS, pr^-slpip^-tus, adj. Headlong,
steep ; hasty, sudden ; rash, heady.
PRECISE, pr^-sls-,' adj. 427. Exact, strict, nice,
having strict and determinate limitations; forma), fini-
cal.
PRECISELY, pr^-sise-li, adv. Exactly, nicely, ac-
curately, with superstitious formality, with too much
scrupulosity.
'85" Though we seldom hear the adjective precise pro-
nounced as if written precise, we very frequently hear the
adverb prec'sety pronounced as if written precisely ; but
it ought to be remembered as an invariable rule, that ad-
verbs preserve exactly the same accent and sound as the
adjective from which they are formed ; and therefore, as
the adjective is pronounced with the hissing or pure /,
the adverb ought to have the same.
PllECISEN£SS, prc-sisc-l)C's, *. Kxactiiess, rigid
nicety.
PRECISIAN, pr^-slzhii-an, «. 88. One who limiti
or restrains; one who is superstitious)}' rigorous.
PRECISION, prA-dxh&An, s. Exact limitation.
PllECISIV'E, pr£-si-slv, adj. 428. Exactly limiting.
To PRECLUDE, pre-klide,' v. a. To shut out or
hinder by some anticipation.
PRECOCIOUS, pni-k6-sli&s, adj. 357. Kipe before
the time.
PRECOSITY, pr4-k6s-sd-t£, s. Ripeness before the
time
To PRECOGITATE, prd-kid-j^-tate, v. a. To con-
sider or scheme beforehand.
PRECOGNITJON, pni kig-nlsh^un, s. Previous
knowledge, antecedent examination.
PRECONGEIT, pt&k&a-«4le/ s. 530. An opinion
previously formed.
To PRECONCEIVE, pr^-kAn-s^vc,' v. a. To form
an opinion beforehand; to imagine beforehand.
PRECONCEPTION, pr^-k&n-s^pibh&n, s. 531.
Opinion previously formed.
PRECONTRACT, pr4-k6n-trikt, *. A contract pre-
vious to another.
To PRECONTRACT, pni-kftn-trakt/ v. a. To con-
tract or bargain beforehand.
PllECURSE, pre-kurse,' s. Forerunning.
PRECURSOR, pri-kuris&r, *. 166. Forerunner,
harbinger.
PHEDACEOUS, prd-da-sh&s, adj. 357. Living by
prey.
PREDAL, prti-dal, adj. 88. Robbing, practising
plunder.
PREDATORY, pred-da-tur-<5, adj. 512. Plunder-
ing, practising rapine; hungry, preying, rapacious,
ravenous. — For the o, see Dontcsticlc.
PREDECEASED, pni-dti-sWat,' adj. 531. 359.
Dead before.
PREDECESSOR, pr£d-<i-s&>£s&r, *. One that was
in any state or place before another ; ancestor.
PUEDKSTJNARIAN, prd-d£s-t(*-na-i -i-in, *. One
that holds the doctrine of predestination.
To PREDESTINATE, pre-d£s-t^-nate, v. a. Ta
appoint beforehand by irreversible decree.
PREDESTINATION, pr^-d4s-t^-na-sliQn, s. Pre-
ordination.
PREDESTINATOH, pre-d&>'tt*-na-t?ir, s. 166. 521
One that holds predestination or the prevalence of pre-
established necessity.
To PREDESTINE, pre-d£s-tin, v. a. 140. To de-
cree beforehand.
PREDETERMINATION, pr£.d^-t«Jr-m£-na-sh&n, *
Detennination made beforehand.
To PREDETERMINE, pr«i-d(i-t£rimln, v. a. 140.
To doom or confine by previous deeree.
PREDIAL, prt<i-al, or pre-j^-al, adj. 293.
Consisting of farms.
PRKDICABILITY, pr5d-lk-<\-bll-«J-t£, s. Capacity
of being attributed, to a sohjwl
2 S
PHE
398
PRE
introductory to the main design, introduction, some-
tiling proemial.
J£y Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrk'k,
W. Johnston, Buchanan, Perry, and Kmick, pronounce
the first e in this worrl short.
To PREFACE, prel-fas, v. n. 91. To say some-
thing introductory.
To PREFACE, prififas, v. a. To Introduce by
something proernial ; to face, to cover.
ter of a
$$- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 31— m^ 93, mh 95— pine 105, pin 107— no 162, move If 4,
PREDICABI.E, pr£d-d£-ka-bl, adj. Such as may
be affirmed of something
PREDICABLE, pr&l£<le-ka bl, *. A logical term,
denoting one of the five things which can be affirmed
of any thing.
PREDICAMENT, prr-t1.]!i-ka-tn5nt, »• A class or
arrangement of beings or substance ranked according
to their natures, called also category; class or hi.,;l de- s™,,,hin<. nnvmiil • to tape to eover
scribed by any definitive marks.— See Medicament. _s%- ng ^jS^ f? ta° ' „" Jj.
PREDICAMENTAL, Pr4.dik-4-m&iit41t adj. Be- PLACER, pref-fas-nr, ,. 98. The wn
latin" to predicaments. pre ace. «,»•• i s f *•
PREDICANT, prW^A-klnt, ,. One that affirms PHEFATORY, prlP-A tur 4, adj. 512. Intnxluc-
any thing.
To PREDICATE, pr£d-dtl-kate, v. a. To affirm
any thing of another thing.
PREDICATE, prWtW-kit. s. 91. That which is
affirmed of the subject. Thus, in the sentence, " Man
is a rational animal." Man is the subject, and a rational
animal is the predicate. In this sentence also, " The
Wages of sin is Death." Death is the subject, and the
\ragts of sin is the predicate, where it may likewise be
observed, that it is the subject of the proposition which
governs the verb, and forms what is called the Nomina-
tive case.
PREDICATION, pr£d-e-kaish5n, s. Affirmation
concerning any thing.
To PREDICT, pr^-dikt,' v. a. To foretell, to fore-
show.
PREDICTION, pre-dlk-shun, s. Prophecy, declara-
tion of something future
PREDICTOR, pre-dlkit&r, s. Foreteller.
PREDIGESTION, pr£-de-j£s-tshun, s.
too soon performed.
Digestion
PREDILECTION, pre-de-leki-shftn, s. Preference,
partiality, prepossession in favour of any thing.
J£*f It is probable that this word was not in use when
Dr. Johnson wrote his Dictionary, or he would have in-
serted it; perhaps it was first used by the author of the
Letters signed Junius; but the readiness with which it
has since been adopted by the most respectable writers, is
a sufficient proof of its propriety and utility. Scott, Kn-
tick, and Mason, are the only ortfioepists who have in-
serted this word.
To PREDISPOSE, pre-dls-poze,' v. a. To adapt
previously to any certain purpose.
PREDISPOSITION, pre-dis-po-zishi&n, s. Previous
adaptation to any certain purpose.
PREDOMINANCE, pre-dom-me-nanse,
PREDOMINANCY, pre-d6mime-nan-se,
valence, superiority.
PREDOMINANT, pnJ.dim-me-nant, adj. Preva-
lent, supreme in influence, ascendant.
To PREDOMINATE, pr£-d6m-me-nate, v. n. 91.
To prevail, to be ascendant, to be supreme hi inliu
enee.
To PRE-ELFXT, pi£-£-!£kt£ v. a. To choose b>
previous decree.
PRE-EMINENCE, prd-£m-m£-n&ise, s. Superi-
ority of excellence ; precedence, priority of place ; su
periority of power or influence.
PRE-EMINENT, pr£-<hn-m£-n£nt, adj. Excellent
above others.
PRE-EMPTION, pr£-im£-shun, s. 41:.'. The righ
of purchasing before another.
To PRE-ENGAGE, pr£-§n-gadje,' v. a. To engage
by precedent ties or contracts.
PRE ENGAGEMENT, pre.£n-gadje-m£nt, s. Pre-
cedent obligation.
To PRE-ESTABLISH, pru-e-stab-llsh, v. a. T<
settle beforehand.
PllE-ESTABLISHMENT, pr£-£ Stab-Hsll-ment, S
Settlement beforehand.
To PRE-EXIST, pre-£gz-lst,' v. n. To exist before
hand.
PRE-EXISTENCE, pre-egz-ls-tense, s. Existenc
beforehand, existence of the soul before its union with
the body.
PllE-EXISTENT, pre-t?gz-li-t£nt, adj. Existen
beforehand, preceding in existence.
PREPACK, prSPJ'is, t. 91. 532. Something spoke
tory
PREFECT, pr£-f£kt, s. A governor.
PREFECTURE, prlfcf£k-ture, s. Command, office
of government.
JJ^f- Though I have agreed with all our orthoepists in
makirg the first syllable of prefect long, I cannot follow
hem so implicitly in the accent and quantity of this word.
AH but Mr. Sheridan, W. Johnston, and Mr. Perry, place
:he accent on the second syllable ; and the two first of
:hese writers make the first syllable long, as in prefect
Vlr. Perry alone has, in my opinion, given this word its
rue pronunciation, by placing the accent on the first syila-
>le, and making that syllable short. This is agreeable to
that general tendency of our language to an antepenulti-
nate accentuation, and a short quantity on every vowel
jut u. — See Principles, No. 533, 555.
To PREFER, pri-flr/ v. a. To regard more than
another; to advance, to exalt, to raise; to offer so-
lemnly, to propose publickly, to exhibit.
PREFERABLE, prel-l'£r-a-bl, adj. Eligible before
something else.
PREFERABLENESS, pr£P-f£r-a-bl-n£s, s. Tht
state of being preferable.
PREFERABLY,
, ado. In preference,
in such a manner as to prefer one thing to another.
PREFERENCE, prePfer-Onse, s. The act of prefer-
ring, estimation of one thing above another, election
of one rather than anol her.
PREFERMENT, pr^-f^r-m&it, s. Advancement to
a higher station ; a place of honour or profit ; prefe-
rence ; act of preferring.
PREFERRER, pr^-f^r-rur, .«. 98. One who prefers.
To PRF.FIGURATE, pre-fig^y it-rate, v. a. To
show by an antecedent representation.
PREFIGURATION, pre-fig-yu-ra-shan, s. Ante-
cedent representation.
To PREFIGURE, pr& flg-yure, v. q. TO exhibit
by antecedent representation.
To PREFIX, pr^-fiks,' v. a. To appoint beforehand ;
to settle, to es:ablish.
PREFIX, pre-fiks s. 492. S»mc particle put be-
fore a word to varv its signification.
PREFIX1ON, pr^-f ik-sliun, s. The act of prefixing.
To PREFORM, pr^-fonn,' v. a. To form before-
hand.
PREGNANCY, pr£ginan-s£, *. The state of being
wi.h young: fruitfulness, inventive power.
PREGNANT, preg-nint, nd/. Teeming, breeding ;
fruitful, fertile, impregnating.
PllEGNANTLY, prlginant-ie, adv. Fruitfully, fully.
1'llEGUSTATION, pr^-gus-ta-shan, s. The act ol
lasting before another.
To PREJUDGE, pre-judje,' v. a. To determina
any question .beforehand, generally to condemn before-
hand.
To PllEJUDlCATE, pre-ju-de-kate, v. a. To de-
termine bef.iu-haiid to disadvantage.
PKEJUDICATK, prtsjii'de-kat, adj. 91. Formed
by prejudice, formed before examination; prejudiced,
preposses-cd.
PllEJUDlCATION, prd-ju-de ki-shCm, s. The act
of judging beforehand.
PREJUDICE, prM-ju dls, s. 142. Pr.-possession,
judgment formed beforehand without examination i
mischief, detriment, hurt, injury.
To PREJUDICE, pr^ri-ju-dis, v- a. To prepossess
with uiiexamined opinions, to fill with prejudice* ; to
obstruct or injure by prejudices previou»l> raised ; lo
injure, to hurt, to diminish, to impair.
PRE
399
PRE
nor H!7, not 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 299 — puind 313— Mm 46ri— Tills 4(59.
PREJUDICIAL. pr£d-ju dlsh^'il, adj. Obstructive
bv moam of opposite prepossessions; contrary, oppo-
site; mischievous hurtful, injurious, detrimental.
PREJUIHCIALNESS. pr&l ju disli-al-n£s, s. The
state of being prejudi ial.
PRELACY, prtM-li S(J, s. The dignity or post of a
prelate or ecclesinstick of the highest order; episco-
pacy, the order of bishops ; bishops.
PRELATE, pr£l-lat, s. 91. 532. An ecclesiastick
of the highest order and dignity.
ft5« Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Nares Mr.
Scott, Dr. Kenrick, \V. Johnston, Buchanan, I'erry, and
Entick, pronounce the e in the first sj liable of this won
short.
PRELATICAL, pr£-lat£te-kal, adj. Relating to pre-
lates or prelacy.
pRELATION, pni-la'slmn, s. Preference, setting
of one above the other.
PRELATURE, pr£l-la-t&iv, ^
PRELATURESHIP, pr£l-la-ture-ship, ^ *'
state or dignity of a prelate.
PRELECTION, pr^-l^k-sli&n, s. Reading, lecture.
PRELIBATION, pre-li-ba'sli&n, *. 530. Taste be-
forehand, effusion previous to tasting.
PRELIMINARY, pre-lim-e-na-re, ailj. Previous,
introductory, proemial.
PRELIMINARY, pre-llmi^-ni-re, s. Something
previous, preparatory measures.
PRELUDE, pr£l-6de, s. .532. Some short flight of
musick ) layed before a full concert; something intro-
T
ductory, something that only shows what is !o follow.
Jfcj- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick,
\V7Johnston, Buchanan, I'erry, and Entick, pronounce
the e in the first syllable of this word short.
To PRELUDE, pre \tidv{ v. a. 492. To serve as
an introduction, to be previous to.
PRELUDIOUS, pre-lu-j^-Qs, ad). 293. Previous,
introductory.
PRELUSIVE, prtUuisIv, adj. 158. 428. Previous,
introductory, proemial.
PREMATURE, pre ma tun ,' adj. 531. Ripe too
soon, formed before the time, too early, too soon said or
done, too hasty.
PREMATURELY, pr«i-ma turv-le, adv. Too early,
too soon, with too hasty ripeness.
PREMATURENESS, pre-ma-tureines,
PREMATURITY, pr^-ma-tu-re te,
great haste, unseasonable earliness.
To PREMEDITATE, pre-med-e-tate, v. a. To
contrive or form beforehand, to conceive beforehand.
PREMEDITATION, prt*-in£d-e-ta-bhan, s. Act of
meditating beforehand.
To PllEMERlT, pri-mdrilt, v. a. To deserve before.
PREMICES, pr^m-ls-^-lz, S. First fruits.
PREMIER, premier, adj. 1 13. First, rhief. This
word is used as a substantive for the first minister of state.
TI> PREMISE, pr^-mlze,' v. a. To explain previ-
ously, tolaydownpremis.es; to send before the time.
In this last sense not in use.
PREMISES, pr£m-ls-slz, s. 99- Propositions ante-
cedently supposed or proved ; in law language, houses
or lands.
PREMISS, pr^m^is, s. An antecedent proposition.
Jt5' As the singular ends with ss, the preceding word
in the plural ought to have ss also.
PREMIUM, pre-mt^-fim, s. Something given to in-
vite a loan or bargain ; a reward proposed.
To PREMONISH, pr£-m6n&nlsh, v. a. To warn or
admonish beforehand.
PREMONISHMENT, pri-m&n-nlsh-ment, s. Pre-
vious information.
PREMONITION, pre-mA -nlsh-bn, s. Previous no-
tice, previous intelligence.
PREMONITORY, pr4-m6n-n^-tur-e, adj. Previ-
ously advising. — For the last o, see Domestick. 512.
2'c> {'REMONSTRATE, pre-mon-strate, v. a. To
show beforehand.
PllEMCNIUE, prOm'iiHt-nl-i'ti, s. A writ in the
common law, whereby a penalty is incurrb'e, as in*
. fringing some statute ; the penalty so incji red ; a dnfi-
! culty, a distress.
PREMUNITION, pr4-mii-nishiun, s. An anticipa.
I tion of objection.
To PRENOMINATE, pr«J.nom-in^-iiutc, v. a. To
forename.
PR EXAMINATION, pr^-nom m^-iiH-shun, s. The
privilege of being named first.
PRENOTION, pre-no'slj&n, *. ForeknoK-le<)ge,
prescience.
PRENTICE, pr^nitls, i. 142. One bound to a mas-
ter, in order to instruction in a trade. This word, says
Dr. Johnson, is contracted by colloquial licei.se frnin
apprentice.
PRKXTICESHIP, pr&Als ship, s. The servitude of
an apprentice.
PRONUNCIATION, pr^-nfui-she-a-sliun, *. Tho
act of telling before. — See Pronunciation.
PREOCCUPANCY, pr^-ok-kii-puii-s^, s. The act
of taking possession before another.
To I'REOCCUPATE, pr^-6k-ku-pate, v. a. To an-
ticipate; to prepossess, to (ill with piejudice.
PREOCCUPATION, pri-6k-kh paislifjn, s. Antici-
pation ; prepo- session ; anticipation of objection.
To PREOCCUPY, pni-ok-ku pi, v. a. To prepos-
sess, to occupy by anticipation or prejudices.
To PREOMINATE, pr4-&tn-m^-i:ate, v. a. To
prognosticate, to gather from omens any future event.
PREOPINION, pre-6-pli^yun, s. 113. Opinion an-
tecedently formed, prepossession.
To PREORDAIN, pre-or-daiu,' v. a. To ordain
beforehand.
PREOHDINANCE, pn*-or-alt5-nanse, s. Antece-
dent decree, first decree.
PREORDINATION, pre-or.de-iuUshun, s. The act
of preordaining.
PREPARATION, prdp-£r a-sluin, s. 530. The act
of preparing or previously fitting any thing to any pur-
pose; previous measures; ceremonious introduction j
the act of making or fitting by a regular process; any
thing made by process of operation.
PREPARATIVE, pre-pai^ri tiv, adj. Having the
power of preparing or qualifying.
PREPARATIVE, pre-par^ra-tlv, s. That which has
the power of preparing or previously fitting; that which
is done in order to somtthing else.
PREPARATIVELY, pr^-pAr-ra-tlv-lti, adi>. Pre-
viously, by way of preparation.
PREPARATORY, pre-parira-tur-^, ndj. Ante.:e-
cienily necessary ; introductory, previous, antecedent.
— For the o, see Domestick.
To PREPARE, pre-pare,' v. a. To fit for any thing,
to adjust to any use, to make ready for any purpose;
to qualify for any purpose; to make leads beforehand ;
to form, to make; to make by regular process, as, he
Prepared a medicine.
To PREPARE, prepare,' v. n- To take previous
measures ; to rcake every thing ready, to put things in
order; to make one's self ready, to put himself in a
state of expectation.
PREPAREDLY, pro pa-rtM-]£, adv. 364. By pro-
per precedent measures.
PREPAREDNESS, pre-pa-r£d-n£s, s. State or act
of being prepared.
PREPARER, pre-pa-rCir, s. 98. One »hat prepares,
one that previously fits ; that which (its for any thing.
PREPENSE, pre-uOnsi-,'
,, i 3 ,„
PHEPENSED, pre-penst,' 3
preconceived, contrived beforehand, as, malice Pre-
pense.
REPOLLENCY, pre-poWn-s£, s. Superior influ-
ence; power beyond others.
To PRKPONDER, pre-p6iA.it) v. <>• To outweigh.
PREPONDERANCE, pie-p
PREPONUERANCY, prc-p
periority of weight.
PREPONDERANT, pie-p5ti'dt?r-ant, adj. Ou -
,. ,
"'/A Forethought,
'
PRE
400
PRE
5.59. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fiU 81 — m«J 93, mh 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — iiA 162, move 1 64,
To I*REPONDERATE, pn*-p5n£d£r-ate, v. a. To
outweigh, to overpower by weight; to overpower by
stronger influence.
To PREPONDERATE, pri-p&nid£r ate, »>. n. To
exceed in weight ; to exceed in influence or power ana-
logous to weight.
PREPONDERATION, pn*-p5n-d£r-u-sh&n, s. The
state of outweighing.
To PREPOSE, pr£-p6ze,' ». n. To put before.
PREPOSITION, pr£p-p6-zlshi&n, s. In Grammar,
a particle governing a case.
PREPOSITOR. pni-pizizlt-tfir, s. A scholar ap-
pointed by the master to overlook the rest. — See Con-
strue.
To PREPOSSESS, pre^pSz-z&s,' v- a. 531. To fill
with an opinion unexamined, to prejudice.
PREPOSSESSION, pr^-pAz-z^shifin, s. Preoccupa-
tion, first possession ; prejudice, preconceived opinion.
PREPOSTEROUS, pri-p&s^r-fis, adj. Having that
first which ought to lie the last ; wrong, absurd, pervert-
ed ; applied to persons foolish, absurd.
PREPOSTEROUSLY, pr£-p6s^t£r-&s-l<*, adv. In a
wrong situation, absurdly.
PREPOSTEROUSNESS, pr«5-pis£t5r-&s-n£s, «. Ab-
surdity, wrong order.
PREPOTENCY, pr£-pAit5n-si, s. Superior power,
predominance.
PHEPCCE, pre-pdise, s. That which covers the
glan.s, foreskin.
To PREREQUIRE, pri-re-kwlre,' v. a. To de-
mand previously.
PREREQUISITE, pr^-re'kikwlz-lt, adj. Something
previously necessary.
PREROGATIVE, pr<*-r&giga-tiv, *. An exclusive
or peculiar privilege.
PREROGATIVED, pn*-r&g-j;i-tlvd, adj. 359.
Having an exclusive privilege, having prerogative.
PRKSAGE, pr&^Adje, s. 492. 532. Proguostick,
presension of futurity.
fcj" Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry,
anaK«tick, pronounce the e in the first syllable of this
word short; and Dr. Kenrick, and W. Johnston make it
-ong.
To PRESAGE, pre sadji-,' v. a. To forbode, to fore-
know, to foretell, to prophesy ; to foretoken, to fore-
show.
PRESAGEMENT, pn*-sadjtim£nt, s. Forbodement,
presension ; foretoken.
PRESBYTER, pr&z-bt-t&r, s. A priest j a presby-
terian.
PRESBYTERIAN, pr£z-b<* t£ir£-an, adj. Consist-
ing of elders, a term for a modern form of ecclesiasti-
cal government.
PRESBYTERIAN, pr&z-b&-t£'-r& in, s. An abettor
of presbytery or Calvimstical discipline.
PRESBYTERY, pr£/.'bt*-ter-<i, s. Body of ciders,
whether priests or laymen.
PRESCIENCE, prd-sht^-ense, s. 532. Foreknow-
ledge, knowledge of future things.
PRESCIENT, pre-sh«U£ut, adj. 357. Foreknow-
ing, prophetick.
PRESCIOUS, prt^sht*-&s, adj. Having foreknowledge.
To PRESCIND, pr<£-slnd/ r. a. To eut off, to ab-
stract.
PHESCINOENT, pr£ slndi£nt, adj. Abstracting.
To PRESCRIBE, pre-skribi-,' v. a. To set down au-
thoritatively, to order, to direct ; to direct medically.
To PRESCRIBE, pr£-skribf,' v. n. To influence by
long custom; to influence arbitrariK ; to form a cus-
tom which has the force of law ; to write medical direc-
tions and forms of medicine.
PRESCRIPT, pre-skript, adj. Directed, accuiately
laid down in a precept.
PRESCRIPT, pre^krlpt, t. Directions, precept, mo-
del prescribed.
PRESCRIPTION, pr£-skrlpish&n, s. Rules produc-
ed and authorized by custom ; custom continued till it
Uas the force of law ; medical leeeipL
PRESEANCE, pr£-s&anse, *. Priority of place IB
sitting.
PRESENCE. pr^zize'nse, *. State of being present ;
state of being in the view of a superior; a number as-
sembled before a great person ; port, air, mien, demea-
nour; readiness at need, quickness at expedients ; the
person of a superior.
PRESENCE- CHAMBER, pr2z-z£ns-tshatn-b&r, ^
PRESENCE ROOM, pi ez-z£ns-rS6m, J *
The room in which a great person receives company.
PRESENTATION, pr£-s£n-sa-sh&n, s. Preconcep-
tion.
PRESENSION, prd-s§n-sh&n, j. Perception before-
hand.
PRESENT, pr&z'-z£nt, adj. Not absent, being face
to face, being at hand ; not past, not future ; ready at
hand, quick in emergencies; favourably attentive, pro-
pitious ; unfprgotten ; not abstracted, not absent of
mind, attentive; the Present, an elliptical expression
for the present time, the time now existing ; at Present,
at the present time, now.
PRESENT, pr£ziz£nt, s. A gift, a donative, some-
thing ceremoniously given ; a letter or mandate exhi-
bited.
To PRESENT, pr£-z£nt.' v. a. 492. To place
in the presence of a superior; to exhibit to view or no-
tice; to offer, to exhibit; to give formally and ceremo-
niously; to put Into the hands of another; to favour
with gifts ; to prefer to ecclesiastical benefices ; to of-
fer openly ; to lay before a court of judicature, as an
object of inquiry.
PRESENTABLE, pr£-z£nt-a-bl, adj. That may be
presented.
PHESENTANEOUS, pr£z-z£n-tain£-&s, adj. Ready,
quick, immediate.
PRESENTATION, pr£7.-z£n-taish&n, s. The act of
presenting ; the act of offering any one to an ecclesias-
tical benefice ; exhibition.
PRESKNTATIVE, pr£-z£n£ta-tlv, adj. Such as that
presentations may be made ot it.
PRESENTEE, prez-ze'n-t^e,' s. One presented to a
benefice.
PRESENTER, pr£-z£n£t&r, s. 98. One that presents.
PRESENTIAL, pr£-z£n-shal, adj. Supposing actual
presence.
PRESENTIAUTY, pr(5-z5n-sh<i aW-t£, *. state of
being present.
PllESENTIl'ICK, pr£z-z£n-tl£fik, adj. Making
present.
PRESENTIFICKLY, pr£z-z3n-tlftjlk-l<5, adv. 509.
So as to make present.
PRESENTIMENT, ptd-ofcM m3nt, *. Previoui
idea.
PRESENTLY pr3z-z£nt-l£, adv. At present, at thi>
time, now; immediately, soon after.
PRESENTMENT, prd-z^nt^nSnt, s. The act of pre-
senting; any thing presented or exhibited, represent*
tion ; in Law, the form of laying any thing before
court of judicature tor examination.
PRESENTNESS, pr^ziz^nt-nfe, s. Presence of mind,
quickness at emergencies.
PRESERVATION, pr£z-z£r-vai=h&n, s. The act of
preserving, care to preserve.
PRESERVATIVE, pr<i-z3r£va-tlv, s. That which hat
the power of preserving ; something preventive.
To PRESERVE, pre-z£rv,' v. a. To save, to de-
fend from destruction or any evil, to keep; to season
fruits and other vegetables, with sugar, and in othei
proper pickles.
PRESERVE, prt*-z£rv,' *. Fruit preserved whole iv
sugar.
PRESERVER, pr^-z^rvi&r, s. One who preserves,
one who keeps from ruin or mischief; he who niakei
preserves of fruit.
To PRESIDE, preside,' v. n. 447 . To be set over,
to have authority over.
PRESIDENCY, pr£ziz£-d£n-s^, *. Superintendence.
PRESIDENT, pr£zize-d£nt, s. One placed with au-
thority (i\er o.hcrs, one at the head of others; goter-
nor, prefect.
PKE
'101
PRE
nor 167, not 163 — tfcbe 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — po&nd 313 — t/iin 466 — THIS
PRESIDENTSHIP, pr£ziz<J-d£nt-slilp, ». Tlie office
and place of president.
PRESIDIAL, pn*-sld-j<*-al, adj. 293. Relating to
a garrison.
To PRESS, pr£s, v. a. To squeeze, to crush ; to dis-
tress : to constrain, to compel; to drive by violence;
to affect strongly ; to enforce, to inculcate 'with argu-
ment and importunity ; to urge, to bear strongly on ;
to compress, to hug, as embracing ; to act upon with
weight ; to force into military service.
To PRESS, pr£s, v. n. To act with compulsive vio-
lence, 10 urge, to distress ; to go forward with violence
to 8"y object ; to make invasion, to encroach ; to
crowd, to throng; to come unseasonably or importu-
nately; to urge with vehemence and importunity ; to
act upon or influence ; To press upon, to invade, to
push against.
PRESS, pr5s, *. The instrument by which any thing
is crushed or squeezed ; the instrument by which books
are printed ; crowd, tumult, throng; a kind of wooden
case or frame for clothes and other uses ; a commission
to force men into military service.
PRESSED, pr£s-b£d, s. A bed go formed as to be
shut up in a case.
PUESSEH, pr&sis&r, *. 98. One that presses, or
works at a press.
PHESSGANG, pr&tging, *. A crew employed to
force men into naval service.
PRESSINGLY, pr5s£slng-l4, adv. With force, closely.
PRESSION, pr£sli£ftn, s. The act of pressing.
PRESSMAN, prdsimin, j. 88. One who forces
another into service, one who forces away ; one who
n akes the impression of print by the press, distinct from
the Compositor, who ranges the types.
PRESSMONEY, pr£s£mun 4, s. Money given to a
soldier when he is taken or forced away into the service.
PRESSURE, pr£sh-sli&re, s. 450. The act of press-
ing or crushing ; the state of being pressed or crushed ;
force acting against any thing, gravitation, pressing ;
violence inflicted, oppression ; affliction, grievance, dis-
tress, impression, stamp, character made by impression.
PRESTO, pr£sito, i. Quick, at once.
PRESUMABLY, pr£-zu-ma-bl«i, adv. Without ex-
amination.
To PRESUME, pri-c&me,' v. n. 454. To suppose,
to believe previously without examination ; to siijv
po«e, to affirm without immediate proof; to venture
without positive leave; to form confident 01 arrogant
opinions ; to make confident or arrogant attempts.
PRESUMER, pr^-zu-mur, s. 93. One who presup
poses, an arrogant person.
PRESUMPTION, pr^-z&m-sh&n, 5. 512. Supposi-
tion previously formed ; confidence grounded on any
thing presupposed ; an argument strong, but not de-
monstrative ; arrogance, confidence blind and adventu-
rous, presumptuousncss; unreasonable confiding of
Divine favour.
PRESUMPTIVE, pr^-zfimitlv, adj. Taken by pre-
vious supposition ; supposed, as, the Presumptive heir,
opposed to the heir apparent ; confident, arrogant, pre-
sumptuous.
PRESUMPTUOUS, pr^-zfimitshi-is, a<]j. Arro-
gant, confident, insolent; irreverent with respect to
holy things.
ftj* We frequently hear this word pronounced ir. three
lyllablcs, by corrupting and contracting the two last syl-
lables into 'ifins, as if written prczumshus : but correct
speakers carefully preserve these syllables distinct, and
pronounce them like the word to cftew, and the pronoun
tit. — See Unctuous.
PRESUMPTUOUSLY, prtafiatahA us-lt*, ado.
Arrogantly, irreverently ; with vain and groundless
confidence in Divine favour.
PRESUMPTUOUSNESS, pni-zOmitslu'l-fis-n&s, s.
Confidence, irreverence.
PRESUPPOSAL, pni s&p-po-zal, s. 531. Supposai
previously formed.
Ti> PRESUPPOSE, pn*-sfip-p6ze,/ v. a. To suppose
as previous.
PUKSUPPOSITION, pr^-stip-pA-zlshiun, s. Sup-
po-i;ion previously formed.
PRESUUMISK, prii-sfir-iuize,' *, Surmise previoiwly
formed.
PRETENCE, pr£-t£nsr,' .». A false argument ground-
ed upon fictitious postulates ; the act of showing or al-
leging what is not real; assumption, claim to notice;
clKim true or false; something threatened or held out
to terrify.
To PRETEND, pr^-t£nd,' f>. a. To make any ap-
pearance of having, to allege falsely ; to show hypocri-
tically ; to hold out as a delusive appearance; to claim.
To PRETEND, pri-t^nd,' v. n. To put in a claim
truly or falsely ; to presume on ability to do any thing,
to profess presumptuously.
PRETENDER, prd-t3nd-&r, t. 98. One who lay*
claim to any thing.
PRETENDINGLY, pre-l3nd3ng-le, adv. Arrogant,
ly, presumptuously.
PRETENSION, pri-te'n-sh&n, *. Claim true or fake ;
fictitious appearance.
PRETERIMPERFECT, prt*-t3r-lm-p£rif£kt, adj
The tense not perfectly past.
PRETERIT, pr^t^r-it, adj. Past.
PRETERITION, pr£ t£r-rish-un, s. The act of go
ing past, the state of being past.
PRETERITNESS, pr<^t£r-lt-n£s, *. state of being
past, not presence, not futurity.
PRETERLAPSED, prd- t£r- lipst/ adj. Past and
gone.
PRETERMISSION, pr£-t£r-mlsh£&n, s. The act of
omitting.
To PRETERMIT, pr^-t^r-mlt,' v. a. To pass by.
PRETERNATURAL, pr4-t£r-nat-tslii ral,a<#. Difc
ferent from what is natural, irregular.
PRETERNATURALLY, pn*-t£r-nat-t.sliii-ral-£,flrfn.
In a manner different from the common order of nature.
PRETERNATURALNF.SS, pr£-t£r-natitshu-ral-n£s,
*. Manner different from the order of nature.
PRETERPERFECT, pr^-t£r-p£r-f£kt, adj. A gram-
matical term applied to the tense which denotes time
absolutely past.
PRETERPLUPERFECT, pn*-t3r-plu-p3rif£kt, adj.
The grammatical epithet for the tense denoting time
relativejy past, or pa»t before some other past time.
PRETEXT, pr<*-t4kst/ s. Pretence, false appear-
ance, false allegation.
PRETEXT.*, pr<*-t£ks£ta, *. The robe that was
worn by the jouths of old Rome under seventeen years
of age.
PRETOR, pr£-t6r, s. 166. The Roman judge; It
is now sometimes taken for a ma\or.
PKF.TORIAN. pni t6-r^-an, adj. Judicial, exercued
by the pretor.
PRETTILY, piit-t£-I£, adv. Neatly, pleatingiy.
PRETTINESS, prit't<*-i>£s, *. Beauty without dig-
nity.
PRETTY, prltif£, adj. 101. Neat, elegant ; beau-
tiful without grandeur or dignity ; it is used in a kind
of diminutive c ontempt in poetry and in conversation ;
not very small.
PRETTY, prit-t<*, adv. In some degree.
To PREVAIL, pr^-vale,' w. n. To be in force, to
have effect, to have power, to have influence ; to over-
come, to gain the superiority ; to gain influence, to
operate effectually ; to persuade or induce !>> entreaty.
PREVAILING, prtLva-ling, adj. Predominant, hav-
ing most influence.
PREVAILMENT, pr^-vak-im^nt, *. Prevalence.
PREVALENCE, pr£v-va-l£nse, )
T> 3/*i3 A f *• Superiority,
PREVALENCY, previva-len-se, j
influence, predominance.
PREVALENT, pr3v-va-l5nt, adj. Victorious, gain-
ing superiority ; predominant, powerful.
PREVALENTLY, pr3v-va-l£nt-l«i, adv. PowerfuU
ly, forcibly.
To PREVARICATE, pn*-var£r£-kate, v. n. To
cavil, to quibble, to shuflle.
PREVARICATION, pre-var-r^-k.i-shfin, «. Shuffle,
cavil
PRKVARKATOR, pre vai-ie-ka-tur, i. 5X1. ,\
cavillt-r, a shuffler.
PR1
402
PR I
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — no 162,
V'L> PREVEXE, pre-vene,' i>. a. To hinder.
PttEVEXlENT, prc ve-n£-e'nt, adj. Preceding, go-
ing before, preventive.
T-J PREVENT, pre-v^nt/ t>. a. To go before as a
guide, to go before making the way easy ; to go before,
to anticipate; lJ prc-occupy, to pre-engage, to attempt
first; to hinder, to obviaie, to obstruct. This last is
almo.t the only sense now used.
PREVENTER, pre-vent'&r, s. One that goes before ;
one that hinders, a hinrterer, an obstruetor.
PREVENTION, pre-ven-sh&n, 3. The act of go-
ing before ; pre-oceupation, anticipation ; hinderance,
ol> truction ; prejudice, prepossession.
PREVENTIONAL, pr^-ven-sh&n-al, adj. Tend-
ing to prevention.
PREVENTIVE, pre-v3nt-lv, adj. 157. Tending to
hinder ; preservative, hindering ill.
PREVENTIVE, pri-ve'ntMv, s. A preservative, that
which prevents, an antidote.
PREVENTIVELY, pri-vent-lv-le, ado. In such a
manner as tends to prevention.
PREVIOUS, preive-is, adj. 314. Antecedent, go-
ing before, prior.
PREVIOUSLY, pn$-v£-&s-l£, adt>. Beforehand, an-
tecedently.
PREVIOUSNESS, pre-ve-us-nes, *. Antecedence.
PREY, pra, s. 269. Something to be devoured, some-
thing to be seized, plunder ; ravage, depredation ; ani-
mal of prey, is an animal that lives on other animals.
To PllEY, pra, v. n. To feed by violence; to plun-
der, to rob ; to corrode, to waste.
PREYER, pra-5r, s, 98. Robber, devourer, plun-
derer.
PaiAPlSM, prii-a-plzm, s. A preternatural tension.
PRICE, prise, s. 467. Equivalent paid for any thing ;
value, estimation, supposed excellence ; rate at which
any thing is sold ; reward, thing purchased by merit.
To PRICK, prik, t>. a. To pierce with a small punc-
ture ; to erect with an acuminated point ; to set up the
ears; to animate by a puncture or mark; to spur, to
goad, to impel, to incite ; to pain, to pierce with re-
morse ; to mark a tune.
To PRICK, prik, v. n. To drefs one's self for show ;
to pome upon the spur.
PRICK, prik, s. A bharp slender instrument, any-
thing by which a puncture is made ; a thorn in the
mind, a teasing and tormenting thought, remorse of
con cience ; a puncture ; the print of a deer or hare
in the ground.
PRICKER, pilk^kur, *. 98. Asharp-pointcd instiu-
m«-nt ; a light horseman.
PlUCKET, pilk'klt, s. 99 A buck in his second
year.
PRICKLE, prik-kl, s, 405. Small sharp point, like
that of a brier.
PuiCKLlNESS, prlkUe-nSs,*. Fulness of sharp points.
PRICKLOUSE, prlk-louse, S. A word of contempt
fora tailor.
PfilCKSONG, prik^sing, s. Song set to inusick.
Obsolere.
PRICKLY, prlWe, adj. Full of sharp points.
PRICKYVOOD, prlk-wud, s. A tree.
PRIDE, pride, t. Inordinate and unreasonable self-
esteem ; insolence, rude treatment of others ; dignity
of manner, lot'thie s of air ; generous elation of heart;
elevation, dignity ; ornament, show, decoration ; splen-
dour, ostentation ; the state of a female beast soliciting
the male.
To PllIDE, pride, ». a. To make proud, to rate
hitnwif high. Used only with the reciprocal pronoun.
PHI Kit, pn-iir, s. 416. One who inquires too nar-
ro.vly.
PlUEST, pretest, s. 275. One who officiates in sa-
cred offices ; one of the second older in the hierarchy,
above a deacon, below a bishop.
PttlKSTCRAiT, prWst-krai't, s. Religious fraud.
PRIKSTESS, pree»t-tes, *. A woman »ho officiates
in heathen rites.
164,
PRIESTHOOD, pr^e-.t-li&'l, ». '1 he office and tha-
r;K-ter of a pries! ; the older of men set apart for luly
offices ; the feeond order of the hierarchy.
PRIESTLINFSS, pnk^t-le-ne^, s. The appearance
or manner of a priest.
PlUESTLY, preestMe, adj. Becoming a priest, sacer-
dotal, belonging to a priest
PHIESTRIDDEN, preest-rld-dn, adj. 103. Ma
naged or governed by priests.
PaiG, prig, S. A pert, conceited, saucy, pragmati-
cal, little fellow.
PllILL, prll, i. A birt or turbot ; commonly pro-
nounced Brill.
PRIM, prim, adj. Formal, precise, affectedly nice.
To PRIM, prltn, i>. a. To deck up precisely, to form
to an affected nicety.
Pll'MACY, prl-mi se, t. The chief ecclesiastical
station.
^5- Mr. Elphinston is the only orthoepist who gives
the short sound to i in this word. 1'crhaps no one un-
derstands the analogies of our language- better ; but in
this and several other words he overturns the \vr\ foun
dation of language, which is general custom. 1 ,.m well
acquainted with the shortening power of the antepenulti-
mate accent, 535; and if custom weic waverii.g, this
ought to decide; but in this word, and primary, custom
is uniform, and precludes all appeal to analogy.
PRIMAL, primal, adj. First. A word not in use.
PRIMARILY, pri-ma-re-le, adv. Oiiginally, in the
first intention.
PRIMARINESS, pri-ma-re-nes, *. The state of be-
ing first in act or int. mi. m.
PRIMARY, pri-ma-re1, adj. First in intention ; ori-
ginal, first; first in dignity, chief, principal. — See Pri-
macy.
PRIMATE, prl-wat. s. 91. The chief ecclesiastick.
PlUMATESHIP, pii'mat-sMp, s. The dignity of
office of a primate.
Pp.IMK, prime. 4- The dawn, the morning; the be-
ginning, the early days ; the bt-st part ; the spring < f
life; spring; the height of perfection ; the first part,
the beginning.
PRIME, prime, ad}. Early, blooming ; principal,
first rate; first original ; excellent.
To PRIME, pilme, t>. a. To put in the first pow-
der, to put powder in the pan of a gun ; to lay the first
colours on in painting.
PRIMELY, prlnie-le, adv. Originally, primarily,
in the first place; excellency, supremely well.
PlllMENESS, prime-lies, j. The state ol being first ;
excellence.
PRIMER, prlmimfir, «. 98. A small prayer-book
m whiih children are taught to read.
PRIMFRO, prl-me-iA. «. 133. A game at cards.
PRIMEVAL, prl-me-val, 133. > adj. Original, such
PRIMEVOUS, pri-me-v&s, $ as was at first.
PRIMITIAL, pri-mlsl/al, adj. 133. Being of the
first production.
PRIMITIVE, prim^e-tlv, adj. Ancient, original,
established from the beginning ; formal, affectedly so-
lemn, imitating the supposed gravity of old times; pri-
mary, not derivative.
PRIMITIVELY, prim^e-tiv-le, adv. Originally, at
first ; primarily, not derivatively; according to the ori-
ginal rule.
PRLMITIVENESS, prlm^e-tiv-nes, s. State of be-
ing original, antiquity, conformity to antiquity.
PRIMOGENIAL, pri-uio-e-ne-ai, udj. First-born,
primary, elemental.
PRIMOGENITURE, prl-m<i-j£n^-tiire, s. Seniori-
ty, eldership, state of being first-born.
PRIMORDIAL, prl-moride-al, or pA-m&rfji-ll,
ailj. i'93. 376. Original, existing from the begini ing.
PRIMORDIATE, pri-mor-d^-ate, adj. 91. Origi.
nal, existing from ihe first.
PltlMROSK, prlin-rizi-, s. A flower. Primrose i<
use.l by Shakespeare for gay and llowcry.
PRINCE, prinse, *. A sovereign, a chief ruler ; <
PR1
403
PRI
n3r ir-7, nit 163 — tdbe 171, lib 172, bill 173—611 299— pciund 313 — Mill 466— Tin's 4C<X
sovereign of rank next to kings; ruier of whatever, parallel lines, running from the three angles of one end,
sex ; the son of a king, tne Kinsman of a sovereign ; i to the three angle* of the other end.
the chief of anv body of men. j Pais.MATICK, prU-init-tlk, adj. 509. Formed ai
a )>rism.
»t. To play the prince, to
To PRINCE, prinM,
take state.
PRINCEDOM, prlns£<lum, t. 156. The
estate, or power of tlie prince; sovereignty.
rank,
PaiNCEI.IKE, prlnsMlke, ail/. Becoming a prince.
PRINCELINFSS, prlns-le-n^s, s. The state, man-
ner, or dignity of a prince.
PRINCELY, pniuftt, adj. Having the appearance
of one high born ; having the rank of princes ; becom-
ing a prince, royal, grand, august.
PRINCELY, prins-le, adv. In a princelike manner.
PRINCES-FEATHER, prln-sIz-fiiH-iir, *. The
herb amaranth.
PRINCESS, pr!n-s5s, s. 502. ' A sovereign lady, a
woman having sovereign command ; a sovereign lady
of rank next that of a queen ; the daughter of a king ;
the wife of a prince.
PRINCIPAL, prin-s4 pll, ntfj, 88. Chief, of the
first rate, capital, essential.
PRINCIPAL, prln^se-pal, s. A head, a chief ; not
a second ; one primarily or originally engaged, not
an accessary or auxiliary ; a capital sum placed out at
interest ; the president or governor.
PRINCIPALITY, prln
supreme power ; a
*. Sovereignty,
ty ; the country w
Principali
prince, one invested with sovereign-
hich gives title to a prince, as, the
pality of Wales; superiority, predominance.
PRINCIPALLY, pr!a-s£ -pal-4, adv. Chiefly, above
all, abov»lhc rest.
PRINCIPALNESS, prln-s4-pal-n3s, s. The state of
being principal.
PRINCIPJATION, prln-sIp-^-a-sbfin, s. Analysis
into constituent or elemental parts.
PRINCIPLE, prln-sd-pl, s. 405. Element, consti-
tuent part ; original cause; being productive of other
being, operative cause; fundamental truth; original
postulate ; first position from which others are deduc-
ed; ground of action, motive; tenet on which morality
is founded.
To PRINCIPLE, prln-s^-pl, v. a. To establish or
fix in any tenet, to impress with any tenet, good or
ill; toestablish firmly in the mind.
PRINCOX, priti-k6ks, 4. A coxcomb, a pert young
rogue. Obsolete.
To PRINK, prlngk, v. n. To prank, to deck for
show.
To PRINT, print, v. a. To mark by pressing any
thing upon another; to impress any thing so as to
leave its form ; to impress words, or make books, not
by the pen, but by the press.
To PRINT, print, v. n. To publish a book.
PRINT, print, s. Mark or form made by impression ;
that which being impressed leavts its form; picture
cut in wood or copper to be impressed on paper ; pic-
ture made by impression ; the form, size, arrangement,
or other qualities of the types used in printing books ;
the state of being published by the printer ; single sheet
printed and sold ; formal method.
PRINTER, printer, s. 98. One that prints books ;
one that stamps linen.
PRINTLESS, pr!ut-14s, adj. That leaves no im-
pression.
PlUOR, prl'&r, adj. 166. Former, being before
something else, antecedent, anteriour.
PlUOR, pri'&r, s. The head of a convent of monks,
inferior in dignity to an abbot.
PRIORESS, pri-Cir-£s, S. A lady superior of a con-
vent of nuns
PRIORITY, prl-ir-ri te, s. The state of being first,
precedence in time, precedence in place.
PRIORSHIP, pri-Cir-ship, s. The state or office of
a prior.
PlUORY, prWlr-d, s. A convent in dignity below
an abbey.
PRISM, prlzm, S. A prism of glass is a glass bound-
wiih two equal and parallel triangular ends, and
three plain and ueii-;>o
<l p.iralie
liishvd sill
lies, uhith uiuci ,11 .liree
PRISMATIC ALLY, prIz-mat-tt*-kal-£, adv. In the
form of a prism.
PRIS.MOID, prizm-mold, s. A body approaching to
the form of a prism.
PRISON, prlz-zn, 5. 170. A strong hold in which
persons are confined, a jail.
To PRISON, prlz'zn, v. a. To imprison, to confine.
PRISON-BASE, prlz-zn-base, s. A kind of rustick
play, commonly called Priscmbars.
PRISONER, priz-zn-&r, *. 98. One who is confin-
ed in hold ; a captive, one taken by the enemy ; one
under an arrest.
PRISONHOUSE, prlzizn-boiise, *. Jail, hold in
which one is confined.
PRISONMENT, prlzizn-m^nt, s. Confinement, im-
prisonment, captivity.
PRISTINE, pri&ln, adj. 140. First, aucient, ori-
ginal.
PRITHEE, prlTH^i. A familiar corruption of Pray
thee, or, I Pray thee.
PRIVACY, pri-va-s£, or prlvia s£, *. State of be-
ing secret, secrecy ; retirement, retreat.
Jt5" The first pronunciation of this word is adopted by
Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, and En-
tick; and the last by Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphinston, anil
Mr. Scott. Mr. Elphinston is in this word consistent with
his pronunciation of Primacy ; but my ear and observa-
tion greatly fail me, if the first mode of pronouncing this
word is not the most agreeable to polite as well as general
usage. It seems to retain the sound of its primitive pri-
rate, as piracy, does of pirate ; which word piracy, Mr.
Elphinston, in opposition to all our orthoepists, pro-
nounces with the t short.
PRIVAUO, pri-va-do, s. A secret friend. Not used.
— See Lumbago.
PRIVATE, pri-vat, adj. 91. Secret; alone; being
upon the same terms with the rest of the community,
opposed to publitk ; particular, not re'ating to tlu
publick : in Private, secretly, not publickly.
PRIVATEER, pri-va-t4£r,' s. A ship fitted out by
private men to plunder enemies.
To PRIVATEER, pri-va-tWr/ v. n. To fit out
ships against enemies, at the charge of private persons.
PRIVATELY, prKvat-14, adv. Secretly, not openly
PR1VATENES8, prUvat-n£s, t. The stale of a man
in the same rank with the lest of the community; se-
crecy, privacy ; obscuritv, retirement.
PRIVATION, pri-va-sb&n, s. 133. Removal or de-
struction of any thing or quality ; the act of degrading
from rank or office.
PRIVATIVE, prlv-vi-tlv, adj. 133. Causing pri-
vation of any thing; consisting in the absence of
something ; not positive.
J£> Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Mr. Scott,
W .Johnston, and Entick, make the first syllable of this
word short, as I have done ; and Mr. Perry and Buchanan
make it long. In defence of the first pronunciation it
may be observed, that this word is not like primacy ami
pit/nary ; the first of which is a formative of our own ;
and the second, derived from the Latin ptl-naiius, which,
in our pronunciation of the Latin, docs not shorten the t
in the first syllable, as privativu.i does, see slcademy and
Incirmparnble, and therefore ihese words aie no rule for
the pronunciation of this ; which, besides the general lei,'
dency of the penultimate accent to shorten every vowel
it falls on but u, 555, seems to have another claim to Die
short vowel from its termination ; thus sdnatire, dditatii-e,
pit/native, derivative, &c. all plead for the short sound.
PRIVATIVE, priv-va-tiv, s. 157. That of which
the essence is the absence of something, as silence is
only the absence of sound.
PlUVATIVELY, prlvivi tlv-l£, adv. By the ab-
sence of something necessary to be present, negatively.
PRIVATIVF.NESS, prlv-va»tlv-n£s, s. Notation cf
absence of something that should be piesent.
PlUVET, prlv-Vit, s.
ph'llena.
99. Evergreen ; a kird of
PRIVILEGE, prlviv^-HiljV, s. Peculiar advantage;
iiiiinuiiit.v, publick ri^hu
PRO
404
PRO
.^9- Fate 73, fAr 77, fall 83, Qt 81 — rnti 93, ni^t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — n<!> 162, mSve 148,
To PRIVILEGE, prlv-veUlldje, »>. a. 133. To in-
vest with tights. >r immunities, toVrant a privilege; to
exempt from censure or danger ; to exempt from paying
tax or impost.
PRIVILY, pmSi-tt; adv. Secretly, privately.
PRIVITY, prlv^-le, s. 53O. Private communica-
tion ; consciousness, joint knowledge.
PRIVY, prlv^i, adj. Private, not pubhck, assigned
to secret uses; secret, clandestine ; admitted to secrets
of sta-e; conscious to anything, admitted'to partici-
pation.
PltlVY, prlv^e, S. Place of retirement, necessary
house.
PRIZE, pilze, ,t. A reward gained by contest with
competitors; reward gained by any performance; some-
thing taken by adventure, plunder.
To PHI/E, prize, v. a. To rate, to value at a cer-
tain price ; to esteem, to value highly.
PillZEK. pii-z&r, *. 98. He who values.
PRI/KFIGHTER, prlze-fi.t&r, s. One that fights
publickly for a -;ward.
PRO, pro. For, in defence of. — See Con.
PROBABILITY, prAb-a-blW-tr, s. Likelihood, ap-
l>earance of truth, evidence arising from the prcpon-
rieration of argument.
PROBABLE, prAb'bi-bl, adj. Likely, having more
evidence than the contrary.
J{^- Were this word used to signify the possibility of
searching a wound with a probe, tTie » would in that case
be pronounced long.
PROBABLY, prob-ba-Dl£, ado. Likely, in likeli-
hood.
PROBAT, prA^bat, *. The proof of wills and testa-
ments of persons deceased in the spiritual court.
PROBATION, prA-ba-sli&n, *. Proof, evidence, tes-
timony ; the act of proving by ratiocination or testimo-
ny ; trial, examination ; trial before entrance into mo-
na-tick life, noviciate.
}£jf The o in the inseparable preposition of this and w-
miiar words, when the accent is on the second syllable, is
exactly like the o iu obedience, which see.
PROBATIONARY, prA-ba-shun-a-r^, adj. Serving
for trial.
PROBATIONER, prA-ba-shfin-fir, $. One who is
upon trial ; a novice.
PROBATlONERSHlP,pro-ba-sIi&n-5r-sliIp, s- State
of being on trial.
PROBATORY, pr&b-ba-t&r-e1, adj. 512. Serving
for trial.
PllOBATUM EST, prA-baU&m £st, S. A Latin ex-
pression added to the end of a receipt, signifying. It is
tried or proved.
pKOBK, prAbe, *. A slender wire by which sur-
gcrns search the depth of wounds.
PROBE-SCISSORS, prAbe^slz-z&rs, «. 166. Scissors
used to open wounds.
To PliOBE, prAbe, v. a. To search, to try by an
instrument.
PROBITY, prob££-t<*, s. 530. Honesty, sincerity.
PROBLEM, prol>il£»n, *. A question proposed.
PROBLEMATICAL, prAb-14-inatite-kal, adj. 509.
Uncertain, unsettled, disputable.
PiioBt.EMATiCALLY, prAb-lti matit£-kal-£, adv.
Uncertainly.
PROLOSCIS, pro-bos^sls, j. A snout, the trunk of
mi elephant ; but it is used also for the same part in e-
vcry creature.
PllOCACIOUS, prA-ka-sh&s, adj. Petulant, loose.
PnoCAClTY, pro-kas-se!-t£, s. 530. Petulance.
rROCATARCTICK, prA-kat-ark-tlk, adj. Fore-
running, antecedent.
PKOCATARXIS, prA-kat-arks^ls, s. Tlic pre-exis-
tent muse nf a di>ease, which co-oj>erates with others
that :ite subsequent.
PuQCUXrnE, prA-se^-jure, *. 376. Manner of pro-
wling, management, conduct ; :ic! ofpriceeding, pro
g:<.M, process.
To PUOCKKD, prA-s£W,' v. n. 533. i'o pass from
one thing or place to another : to go forward, to tend
to the end designed ; to come forth from a place or
from a sender ; to issue, to be produce'! from ; to pro-
socute any design ; to be transacted, to !*• carried on ;
to make progress, to advance; to carry on Juridical
process; to transact, to act, to carry on any affair me-
thodically; to be propagated, to come by generation ;
to be produced by the original efficient cause.
PROCEED, prA-sWd/ S. Produce, as, the Proceeds
of an estate. A law term.
PllOCEKDER, prA-s^ed'&r, *. 98. One who goes
forward, one who maki s a progress.
PROCEEDING, pr6-oM44ng, s. 410. Progress
from one thing to another, scries of conduct, transac-
tion, legal procedure.
PROCEIUTY, prA-s£rie-t£, s. Tallness, height o/
stature.
PROCESS, pros-sis, i. 533. Tsndency, progressive
course; regular and gradual progress; methodical ma-
nagement of any thing; course of law.
B- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash,
oott, W. Johnston, and Mr. Perry, place the accent
on trie first syllable of this word ; and those who give the
quantity of the vowels make it short: Buchanan alone,
though he places the accent en the first syllable, makes it
long-
Mr. Nares suspects the accentuation of this word on the
second syllable to be the most ancient, though Shake-
speare so frequently places the accent on the first :
" Tell her the frotm of Antonio's end."
Merchant of Venice
" In brief, to set the needles proem bj."
tleaiorefmr Kauurt.
" In proccti of the seasors I have seen.**
HtMktifcars-i Sonnets.
But Milton accents the second syllable:
« Cannot without protm of speech be told."
Pur. Loit, Til ITS.
» which might rl«
" By policy and long procttt of time." //>. ii. 397.
There is a phrase, as Mr. Nares observes, in process nf
time, when we oftener hear the accent on the second s\ i-
lable of this word than the first. This is undoubtedly a
proof of the justness of his observation respecting the an-
tiquity of this pronunciation: but as it is now antiquat-
ed in other phrases, it ought not to be used in this.
PROCESSION, prA-se'sh-fin, s. A train marching
in ceremonious solemnity.
PROCESSIONAL, prA-se!sh-&n-al, adj. Relating to
procession.
PROCESSIONARY, prA^se"shi&n-a-rt*, adj. 512.
Consisting in procession.
PRGCINCT, prA-slngkt/'i. Complete preparation,
preparation brought to the point of action.
To PROCLAIM, prA-klame,' v. a, 202. To pro-
mulgate or denounce by a solemn or legal publication ,
to tell openly ; to outlaw by public denunciation.
PROCLAIMER, prA-kla^m&r, s. One that publishes
by authority.
PROCLAMATION, prok-kla-ma-shun, * Publica-
tion by authority ; a declaration of the king's will o-
penly published among the people.
PROCLIVITY, prA-kllv^-tt^, i. 530. Tendency, na-
tural inclination, propcnsion ; readiness, facility of at-
taining.
PROCLIVOUS, piA-kli-v&s, adj. 503. Inclined,
tending by nature.
PROCONSUL, prA-k5n-sfll, *. A Roman officer, who
governed a province with consular authority.
PROCONSULSHIP, prA.kon-sfil-sh5p, s. The office
of a proconsul.
To PROCRASTINATE, prA-krasitln-Ate, v. a. To
defer, to delay, to put off from day to day.
PROCRASTINATION, prA-kras-titi-a-sli&n, *. De-
lay, dilatoriness.
PROCRASTINATOR, prA-kra^'tln-a-tiir, s. 521. A
dilatory person.
PRoertEANT, pioikr^-ant, adj. 505. Productive,
pregnant.
7'u PROCREATE, piA-kr^-ate, v. a. To generate,
to produce.
PRO
405
PRO
nor 167, not 163 — tube 171, tJih 172. bull 173 — oil 299 — po&nd 313— thin 466 — THIS
PROCREATION, pro-kr^-aish&n, s. Generation,
production.
PROCREATIVE, pro-kri-a-tiv, adj. 512. Genera-
tive, productive.
PROCREATIVENESS, pr6'kr(l-a-tiv-nes, *. 512.
554. Power of generat ion.
PROCREATOR, pro-kre a-tftr, s. 521. Generator,
begetter.
PROCTOR, prokit&r, s. 166. A manager of ano-
ther man's affairs ; an attorney in the spiritual court;
the magistrate of the university.
PROCTORSHIP, prokU&r-sfaip, «. office or dignity
of a proctor.
PROCUMBENT, pro-kam-b&it, adj. Lying down,
prone.
PROCURABLE, pro ku-ri-bl, arlj. To be procured,
obtainable, acquirable.
PllOCURACY, prokiil ri-S(i, $. The management of
any thing.
PROCURATION, prok-ki.raishJin, *. The act of
procuring.
PROCURATOR, prok-ku-ra't&r, s. 166.521. Ma.
nager, one who transacts affairs for another.
PROCURATORIAL, pr6k-k6-ra-t6^-ie-al, adj.
Made by a proctor.
PROCURATORY, prA-k&ira-t&r-^, adj. 512. Tend-
ing to procuration.
To PROCURE, pro-kiire,' v. a. To manage, to
transact for another ; to obtain, to acquire ; to persuade,
to prevail on ; to contrive, to forward.
To PROCURE, pro-kirn-,' v. n. To bawd, to pimp.
PROCUREMENT, pro-kirtiin&it, *• The act of
procuring.
PROCURER, pro-kh'rir, *. 98. One that gains,
obtainer ; pimp, pander.
PROCURESS, pri-kil-r&s, j. A bawd.
PRODIGAL, prodidt*-gal, adj. Profuse, wasteful,
expensive, lavish.
PRODIGAL, pr5didi-ga.l, t. A waster, a spend-
thrift.
PRODIGALITY, pr6d-de gaW-t«5, *. Extrava-
gance, profusion, waste, excessive liberality.
PRODIGALLY, prodid£-gal-<*, adv. Profusely,
wastefully, extravagantly.
PRODIGIOUS, pro-did^j&s, ailj. 314. Amazing,
astonishing, monstrous.
PRODIGIOUSLY, pro-dld-j&s-l^, adv. Amazingly,
astonishingly, portentously, enormously.
PRODIGIOUSNESS, pro-dld-jfts-n&s, s. Enormous-
ness, portentousncss, amazing qualities.
PRODIGY, prod^d^-je, *. Any thing out of the or-
dinary process of nature, from which omens are drawn ;
portent; monster; any thing astonishing fur good or
bad.
PnODITION, prd-dishiftn, s. Treason, treachery.
PRODITOH, prt>d-ti-tur, t. 166. A traitor. Not
in use.
PRODITORIOUS, prod-£-toW-&s, adj. Treache-
rous, perfidious ; apt to make discoveries. Not used.
To PRODUCE, pr4-dbse£ v. a. 492. To offer to
the view or notice; to exhibit to the puhlick ; to bring
as an evidence; to bear, to bring forth as a vegetable ;
to cause, to effect, to generate, to beget.
PiiODL'CE, prod-dfise, s. 532. Product, that which
anv thing yields or brings; amount, gain.
j£5« Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Elphinston, Mr.
bcoa. Dr. Kenriek, W. Johnston, Perry, and Kutick,
make the o in the first syllable of this woru short; and
Buchanan and Dr. Ash, long.
PRODUCENT, pro-dh-sent, s. O»ie that exhibits,
one that offers.
PRODUCER, pro-dih-s&r, s. One that generates or
pnxluces.
PRODUCIBLE, pro-di-s^-bl, ad). Such as may be
exhibited ; such as may be generated or made.
PnoDUCiBi.ENESS, pro-du-sti-bl-nes, $. The state
of being producible.
PRODUCT, protU&kt, J. 532. Something produced
as fruits, grain, metals; work, composition ; thing con-
sequential, effect.
£5- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Sc^tt, Dr. Kenriek,
W. Johnston, Perry, and Entick, make the o in the firs'
syllable of thU word short; and Or. Ash, as far as we can
pathcr by his position of the accent, makes it long.
PRODUCTIVE, pro-dftk-tll, adj. HO. Which ma)
be produced.
PRODUCTION, pro.-d&k-sh&n, j. The act of pro-
ducing; the thii.g produced, fruit, product ; composi-
tion.
PRODUCTIVE, pro-dukitiv, adj. Having the power
to produce, fertile, generative, efficient.
PU.OEM, pi<Wm, *. Preface, introduction.
PROFANATION, prof-a-na-sliun, s. 533. The *ct
of violating any thing sacied ; irreverence to holy things
or persons.
PllOFANE, pro-fane,' adj 533. Irreverent to sarred
names or things ; not sacred, secular ; polluted, not
pure ; not purified by holy rite.
To PROFANE, pro^-fam-,' v. a. To violate, to pol-
lute, to put to wrong use.
PROFANELY, pro-fant>li, adv. With irreverence
to sacred nair.es or things.
PROFANER, pro-fAnti&r, .t. Polluter, violator.
PllOFANENESS, pro-fane-n£s, s. Irreverence of
what is sacred.
PllOFECTION, prd-f£k£sh&n, s. Advance, progres-
sion.
To PROFESS, pr6-f&/ v. a. To declare himself
in strong terms of any opinion or passion, to make a
show ot any sentiments by loud declaration ; to declare
ptiblickly one's skill in any art or science, so as to in-
vite employment.
To PROFESS, pro f£s,' v. w. To declare openly ;
to declare friendship.
PROFESSEDLY, pro-f&>£s£d le, adv. 364. Accord-
ing to open declaration marie by himself.
PROFESSION, pr64'jsh£in, S. Calling, vocation,
known employment ; declaration, strong assurance; tlie
act of declaring one's self of any pa»ty or opinion.
PROFESSIONAL, pio-f£sli-<iii-al, adj. Relating to
a particular calling or profession.
PROFESSOR, pri-f&ACir, s. One who declares him-
self of any opinion or party ; one who publivkly |>ra;»
tises or teaches an art.
PROFESSORSHIP, pro-fts-s&r-shlp, *. The sta-
tion or office of a publiek teacher.
To PROFFER, prifilur, v. a. To proixwe, to offer.
PROFFER, prof-t'&r, s. Offer made, something pro-
p.jsed to acceptance.
PROFFERER, pi6f-fftr-fir, ». He that offers.
PROFICIENCE, pro-fish^nse, >
PROFICIENCY, prA.fishian.wi, { *' ''"''"
rancement in any thing, improveiiient gained.
PROFICIENT, pro-fishient, s. One who has made
advancement in any study or business.
PROFILE, pnWll, ptt-t&tift. 11 a. The side face,
half face.
PROFIT, pr5f^fit, *. Gain, pecuniary advantage;
advantage, accession of good ; improvement, advance-
merit, proficiency.
To PU.OJIT, prof-fit, v. a. To benefit, to advan-
tage ; to improve, to advance.
2'o PROFIT, prof-fit, v n. To gain advantage ;
to make improvement ; to be of use or advantage.
PROFITABLE, pi&f-fit-a-bl, adj. Gainful, lucra-
tive; useful, advantageous.
PROFITABLENESS, prof-fit a-bl-n3s, *. Gainful.
ness, usefulness, advantageousncss.
PROFITABLY, prof-nt-a-bW, adv. Gainfully, ad-
vantageou:-ly, usefully.
PROFITLESS, proftfit-les, adj. Void of gain u ^l-
vanrage.
PROFLIGATE, prol-fi^-gat, adj. 91. Abandoned,
losi to virtue and decency, shamcles*.
PRO
406
PRO
%3- 559- Fate 73, fAr 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, mil 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 162, move
PROFLIGATE, pr&f-flt* gat, s 91. An abandoned, I PROHIBITORY, jiro-hlbibe-t&r-i, adj. Implying
sh inv.-less w etch.
PROFLIGATELY, prof-fl^-gai-lci, ado. Shame-
lessly.
PROFLIGATENESS, prol-flti-g'tt-n^s, j. The <jua-
lity of being proflk'a e.
PROFLUENCE, prof-fli-e^ise, *. Progress, course.
PROFLUENT, pr5f-flu-£nt, adj. 532. Flowing for-
ward.
PROFOUND, pro-fo?jnd,' adj. Deep, descending far
below the surface, low with resjiect to the neighbouring
places ; intellectually deep, not obvious to the mind ;
lowly, submissive; learned beyond the common reach.
PROFOUND, pro-found,' s. The deep, the main,
the ,-ea ; the abyss.
PROFOUNDLY, pro-fouiid-l£, ado. Deeply, with
deep concern ; with great degrees of knowledge, with
deep insight.
PROFOUNDNESS, pra-fouud-n^s, *. Depth of
place: depth of Knowledge.
PROFUNDITY, pro-fuad^e-ti, t. Depth of place
or knowledge.
PROFUSE, pro-fuse/ adj. 427. LavUh, prodigal,
overabounding.
PROFUSELY, pro-f&se-14, ado. Lavishly, prodi-
gally ; with exuberance
PROFUSENESS, pro l'£lSc-n£s, *. Lavishness, pro-
digality.
PROFUSION, pro-fuizll&n, S. Ltvishness, prodi-
gality, extravagance ; abundance, exuberant plenty
To PROG, pr5g, v. n. To rob, to steal ; to shift
meanly for provisions. A low word.
PROG, prog, s. Victuals, provision of any kind. A
low word.
PROGENF.UATION, pri-jOn-^r-a-shun, $. The ac
of begetting, propagation.
PROGENITOR, pro j^n-it-ur, 5. A forefather, an
ancestor in a direct line
PROGENY, pr5d-j<i-ne, s. Offspring, race, gener;
tlOH
PROGNOSTICABLE, prog-nosit£-ka-bl, adj. Sucl
as may be foreknown or foretold.
To PROGNOSTICATE, pr6g-nosite-kate, v. a. T
foretell, to foreshow.
PROGNOSTICATION, prog-nos-te ki-sh&n, s.
foretoken.
PROGNOSTICATOR, prog-ii6s-te-ka tur, i. 521
One who fore. ells.
PROGNOSTICS, prig-nis-tik, adj. Foretokenin
disease or recovery.
PaOGNOSTICK, pr5g.nos-tlk, *. The skill of fore
telling diseases, or the event of diseases ; a prediction
a token forerunning.
PROGRESS, prog-grls, *. 532. Course, proces
sion ; advancement, motion forward ; intellectual im
provement ; removal from one place to another ;
journev of state, a circuit.
£5» Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Nares, D
Kenrick, W. Johnston, and Perry, pronounce the o in th
first syllable of this word short; but Buchanan and Ei
tick make it long.
PROGRESSION, prA-gr^hlun, *. Process, reguh
and gradual advance; motion forward; intellectu
advance.
PROGRFSSIONAL, pr6-gr£sli-&n-al, adj. in a sta
of increase or advance.
PROGRESSIVE, pro-gr<5sisiv, adj. Going forwarc
advancing.
PROGRESSIVELY, pr6-gresViv-le, adv. By gr
dual ste|>s or regular course.
PROGRESSIVENESS, pr6-gn*s-siv-ii£s, *. The sta
of advancing.
To PROHIBIT, pro-hib-It, v. a. To forbid, to in
terdict by authority ; to debar, to hinder.
PROHIBITED pro-lllb^lt-tur, *. Forbidder, inter
dn-ter.
PROHIBITION, pr6-h^-bish-&!i, *. Forbiddanc
tJUcrrkrt, act of forbidding.
prohibition, forbidding.
'o PROJECT, pro j£kt/ v. a. 492. To throw out,
to cast forward ; to exhibit a form, as of the im.u;e
thrown on a mirror ; to scheme, to form in the nuiid,
to contrive.
o PROJECT, pro-j^kt,' D. n. To jut out, to shoot
forward, to slioot beyond something next it.
'ROJECT, pr5d-j£kt, s. 492. 532. Scneme, con-
trivance.
'ROJECTILE, pro-j^k-til, t. 140. A body put in
motion.
'ROJECTILE, pro-j£k-til, adj. 140. Impelled for-
ward.
'ROJECTION, pro-j£k^shun, s. The act of shoot-
ing forward ; plan, delineation ; scheme, plan of ac-
tion ; in Chemistry, c:isis of an operation.
'ROJECTOR, pro-j£k'tur, s. One who form*
schemes or designs ; one who forms wild impracticable
schemes.
'ROJECTURE, pro j^kAshare, t. 463. A jutting
out.
To PROLATE, pro-late/ v. a. 492. To pronounce,
to utter.
'ROLATE, pril-ate, adj. 532. Oblate, flat. Flat-
ted at the i>>)les, applied to a spheroid.
'llOLATION. pru-la-sh&n, s. Pronunciation, ut-
terajice; delay, act of deferring.
PROLEGOMENA, prol-14-goin'mt?-nS, «. 530. Pre-
vious diseour e, introductory observations.
ROLEPSIS, pro-l^])isls, 4. A figure of rhetorick,
in which objections are anti ipated.
PROLEPTICAL, pro-l£p-t«i kil, udj. Previous, an-
teeedent.
PllOLFPTICALLY, prA-l^pi-te-kal le, ado. By way
of anticipation.
PROLIFICATION, pro-llf-f^-ka-sli&n, *. Gir.cra-
tion of chihlnn.
PROLIFICK, pr6 Hf^fik, adj 509. Fruitful, gene-
rative, pregnant, productive.
PROLIFICALLY, pro lil-ie-kal-ti, adv. Fruitfully,
pregnantly.
PROLIX, pri-llks,' adj. Long, tedious, not concise ;
of long duration.
PfiOLIXIOUS, prA-Hk-sh&s, adj. Dilatory, tedious.
Not used.
PROLIXITY, pro-liks^-t^, s. Tediousness, tire-
some length, want of brevity.
PllOLIXLY, pro-liks4ti, adv. At great Ici.gth, te-
diously.
PROLIXNESS, pro-liks-n^s, s. Tediousness.
PKOI.OCUTOR, prol-lA-kiU&r, *. 503. The fore-
man, the speaker of a convocation.
JrJ" In compliance with so many authorities, I placed
the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of Interlocutor,
and nearly the same authorities oblige me to plate the
accent on thf penultimate of this word ; for so Dr. John-
son, Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, \V. Johnston, Mr. Perry,
Buchanan, Barclay, Kenning, and Bailey, accent it. But
surely these two words ought not 10 be differently accent-
ed; and if my opinion had any weight, 1 would accent
them both on "the penultimate, as they may be consider
ed exactly like words ending in ator, and ought to be ac-
cented in the same manner. Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Scott
are very singular in placing the accent on the first syllable.
— See Interlocutor.
PROLOCUTOOSMIP, pr&l-lo-ku-tur-shlp, *. The
office of a prolocutor.
PROLOGUE, pr6IM6g, *. 338. 532. Preface, in-
troduction to any discourse or jierformance : something
spoken before the entrance of the actors of a play.
fcf~ Mr. Sheridan, Mr. El hin»ton, Mr. Nares. Dr.
Kenrick, Mr. Scott, \V. Johnston, Perry, and Entuk,
make the a in the first syllable of this word short, and
Buchanan only, long.
To PROLOGUE, prol-15^, v. a. To introduce with
a formal preface. Not in use.
To PROLONG, prA-15ng.' v. a. To lengthen out,
to continue, to draw out ; to put oft' to a distant tiiuu.
PROLONGATION, prol long-ga-sliun, *, 530. 'ih«
act of lei>_theuing ; delay lu a longer time.
PRO
407
PRO
nor 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299 — po&nd 313— t/tin 466 — THis 469.
PROLUSION, pro-lu-zhun, 5. Entertainment, per-
t'i>rmanee of diversion ; prehule.
speak, to utter; to utter solemnly, to uttor confident ly :
to form or articulate by the organs of speech ; to utter
tormanee of diversion; preliule. rhetoricall
PROMINENT, pr4mimf-i»*irt, adj. standing out r. W.QNOTNCS «ro nofinst' „
bcvond the other parts, protuberant.
,, • « i i » -. i with confidence or authority.
PROMINENCE, pr&mSmf n*iwe, 7 . _, . PknvoITV(,VIl lirAu »>,„',?,,.. ,
j. Protube-
To speak
f s. roue- , pro-nounibUr, s. 98. One wb«
PROMINENCY, prom-me-nen-se, ^ pronounces.
ranee, projecting parts. PRONUNCIATION, pr6-n&n-sll<Uisl»&ll, 5. Act or
PROMISCUOUS, pro-mis-ku US, adj. Mingled, con- mode of utterance.
fused, undistinguished. j jjjj. There are few words more frequently mispro.
PROMISCUOUSLY, pro-tnlsQcfi-uS-le, adv. With nouneed than this. A mere English scholar, who const.
confused mixture, indiscriminately.
PROMISE, prom-mlz, s. Declaration of some be-
nefit to be conferred ; hope, expectation.
To PROMISE, prom-mlz, r. a. To make decla-
ration of some benefit to be conferred.
To PROMISE, prom-inlz, v. n. To assure one by
a promise ; it is used of assurance even of ill.
PROMISEBREACH, proin-inlz-bretsh, s. Violation
of promi-e.
PROJIISEBREAKER, prftm'aiiz-bra-kfrr, *. Viola-
tor of promises.
PKOMISER, pr6mimlz-£ir, s. 98. One who pro-
mises.
PROMISSORY, prom-mls-s&r-i, adj. 512. Con-
taining profession of some benefit to be conferred.
PROMISSORILY, prom-nil >-sur-£ le, adv. Byway
of promise.
PROMONTORY, prom-mfin-tfir «*, s. 557. A head-
laud, a cape, high land jutting into the sea.
To PROMOTE, pro-mote^ v. a. To forward, to ad-
vunee ; to elevate, to exalt, to prefer.
PROMOTER, pro-mote-Or, s. Advancer, forward-
er, encourager.
PROMOTION, pro-m6-sliim. s. Advancement, en-
couragement, exaltation to some new honour or rank,
preferment.
To PROMOVE, pro-moov,' v. a. To forward, to
promote. Not used.
PROMPT, promt, adj. 4 1 2. Quick, ready ; petu-
lant ; ready without hesitation, wanting no new mo-
tive; ready, told down, as, Prompt payment.
To 1'ROMPT, promt, v. a. To assist by private
instruction, to help at a loss; to incite, to instigate; to
remind, to act as a prompter.
PROMPTER, prom-tCir, 5. 98. One who helps a
} niblick speaker, by suggesting ihe word to hi*n when
le falters; an admoni>her, a reminder.
PROMPTITUDE, prom-te-tucL-, s. Ueadiness, quick-
ness.
PROMPTLY, pr&Ott£l£, adv. Ileadily, quickly, ex-
peditiously.
PROMPTNESS, promt-lies, s. Readiness, quick-
ness, alacrity.
PROMPTCRE, proinitshure, s. 468. Suggestion,
in lion given by another. Not used.
To PROMULGATE, pro inul-gatf, v. a. To publish,
ders the verb to pronounce as the root of it, cannot easily
conceive why the o is thrown out of the second syllable ;
and therefore, to correct the mistake,»sounds the word ai
if written Pronoiinciation. Those who are sufficiently
learned to escape this error, by understanding that the
word comes to us either from the Latin proitunciali'i, 01
the'Freneh prononcialion, are very apt to fall into ano-
ther, by sinking the first aspiration, and pronouncing the
third syllable like the noun sea. But these speakers
ought to take notice, that, throughout the whole lan-
guage, c, s, and t, preceded by the accent, either primary
or secondary, and
preceded
followed
by ea, ia. io, or any similar
diphthong, always become aspirated, and are pronounced
as if written she. Thus the very same reasons that oblige
us to pronounce partiality, propitiation, especially, ie.
as if written patsheallty, propiiheashun, eipeshaUij, A.C.
oblige us to pronounce prowiiicialion as if written /;>•»-
minsheastiuH. — See Principles, No. 357. 450. 461, and the
word Kcdesiastick.
But though Mr. Sheridan avoids the vulgar error of
•-inking the aspiration, in my opinion, he falls into one
fully as exceptionable; which is, that of pronouncing the
word in four syllables, as if written, Pro-nnn-tha-»hun.
I am grossly mistaken if correct speakers do not always
pronounce this anil similar words in the manner I have
marked them ; and, indeed, Mr. Sheridan himself ^socms
dubious with respect to some of them ; for though he
pronounces glaciate, glactatinn, association, &c. gla-sfiate,
'
irla-.<:/ia-sf>nn,'as-s<>-slia-s/t
. yet lie spells cnn/;lacinte,
to make ki
by open declaration.
PROMULGATION, prim til gi-bhun, s. 530. Pub-
lication, open exhibition.
PROMULGATOR, prom-fil-ga-tiir, s. 521. Pub-
lisher, O|«M> teacher.
To PROM CLUE, pro muljc,' i>. a. To promulgate,
to publish, to teach openly.
PROMCLGKR, pro-mul-jur, s. 98. Publisher,
promulgator.
PllONE, prone, adj. Bending downward, lying with
the face downwards; precipitous, headlong; sloping;
conglaciation, and consociation, — con-gia-tyate, con-glo-
sya-s/iun, con-so-sya-ikun. — See Principles, No. 545;, 543.
PROOF, proof, s. 306. Evidence, testimony, con-
vincing token ; test, trial, experiment ; firm temper,
impenetrability, armour hardened till it will abide a
certain trial ; in printing, the rougb draught of a sheet
when first pulled.
PROOF, proof, adj. Impenetrable, able to resist.
PROOFLESS, pr65W£s, adj. Unproved, wanting
evidence.
To PROP, prop, v. a. To sustain, to support.
PROP, pr&p, S. Support, a stay, that on which any
thing rests.
PROPAGABLE, prop-i-ga-bl, ad/. Such as may be
spread ; such as may be propagated.
To PROPAGATE, prop-i-gate, v. a. 91. To con-
tinue or spread by generation or successive production ;
to carry on from|place to place ; to increase, to promote ;
to generate.
To PROPAGATE, prop-i-gate, v. n. To have off-
spring.
PROPAGATION, prop a-ga-sh&n, s. Continuance
j or diffusion by generation or recessive production.
PROPAGATOR, prop-a-ga-tQr, s. 521. One who
continues by successive production ; a spreader, a pro-
moter.
To PROPEL, prA-p51' v. a. To drive forward.
To PROPEND, pro-p^ncl,' v. n. To incline to any
part, to be disposed in favour of any thing. Not
used.
PROPENDENCY, pr&-pSiAl5n-si, s. inclination o.
tendency of desire to any thing ; preconsiderat.on. Not
used.
PllOPENSE, prA-pSnsi-,' adj. Inclined, disposed.
Inclination,
inclined, disposed.
PRONENESS, pioiu-m?s, s. The state of bending
downwards ; the state of lying with the face downwards ;
descent, declivity; inclination, disposition to ill.
PHONG, prong, s. A fork.
PRONOMINAL, pro-nom-u-nal, adj. Having the
nature of a pronoun.
PiiONOUN, pro-i:otm, j. 313. A word used in- •
stead of a noun 01 name. | PROPERLY, prop-pur-le, idv. Fitly, suitably , in.
2\> PRONOUNCE, pro-nounsc/ i. a 313. To, a strict icuse.
PROPENSION, pro-perish Cm, 7
PROPENSITY, pro-ptin-se- tti, 5
disposition to any thing good or bad ; tendency.
PROPER, prop-pi'ir, wlj. 98. Peculiar, not l>eloiig-
ing to more, not common ; noting an individual j ones
own; natural, original; fit, suitable, qualified ; ;u-cn-
rate, just; not figurative; pretty; tall, l.isty, hiiud-
ith bulk.
PRO
403
PRO
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83. fit 81 — m£ 93, tnth 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA ] 62, move 164,
91. To adjust according to settled rates to something
else. Little used.
PROPORTION ATENESS, prA-pAr-sh&n at-n£s, j.
PROPERNF.SS, pr5p-p&r-n5s, s. The quality of be-
adj. Foresee-
ing proper.
PROPERTY, prop-pur-te, s. Peculiar quality ; qua-
/<y. disposition : right of possession ; possession held
in one's o*n right; the thing possessed ; something use-
ful : necessary implements.
T« PROPERTY, pr5p^pur-ti, v. a. To invest with
qualities ; to seize or retain as something owned, to ap-
propriate, to hold. Not in use.
PROPHECY, pr&fifi-sl, s. 499. A declaration of
something to come, prediction.
PilOPHESIER, pr5l-f£-sl-&r, *. One who prophesies.
To PROPHESY, prifif^-sl, v. «. 499. To predict,
to foretell, to prognosticate ; to foreshow.
To PROPHESY, prifif<i-sl, r. n. To utter predic-
tions; to preach, a scriptural sense.
PROPHET, prAf-flt, *. 99. One who telU future
events; one of the sacred writers empowered by God
to foretell futurity.
PROPHETESS, pr&f^flt-t£s, *. A woman that fore-
tells future events.
PROPHETICK, prA-f£t-tlk, 509.
PROPHETICAL, prA-f£t-t£-kal,
ing or foretelling future events.
PROPHETICALLY, prA-f£t'ti-kal-£, adv. With
knowledge of futurity, in manner of a prophecy.
To PROPHETIZE, pr&l-f it-tlze, v. n. To give pre-
dictions.
PROPHYLACTICK, pr&f-i-lak-tlk, adj. 530. Pre-
ventive, preservative.
PROPINQUITY, prA-plngikw^-te1, t. Nearness,
p'oximity, nearness of time; kindred, nearness of blood.
PllOPlTlABLE, prA-plsh'^-a-bl, atlj. Such as may
be induced to favour, such as may be made propitious.
To PROPITIATE, prA-plshi^-ate, t>. a. 542. T<
induce to favour, to conciliate.
PROPITIATION, prA-plsli-^-a-shan, s. The act of
making propitious; the atonement, the offering by
which propitiousness is obtained.
PROPITIATOR, prA-plsh^ a-t&r, s. 521. One that
propitiates.
PROPITIATORY, prA-pIshi^ a-t&r-^, adj. Hav-
ing the power to make propitious.
PROPITIOUS, prA-plslii&s, adj. 292. > Favourable,
kind.
PROPITIOUSLY, prA-plshi&s-li, adv. Favourably,
kindly.
PROPITIOUSNESS, prA-plsh-&s-n5s, * Favourable-
ness, kindness.
PltOPLASM, prA^plazm, s. Mould, matrix.
PuoPI.ASTICE, prA-plas^tis, ». The «rt of mak-
ing moulds for casting.
PROPONENT, prA pA^n^nt, t. 503. One that
makes a proposal.
PROPORTION, prA-pAr^shin, t. Comparative re-
lation of one thing to another, ratio; settled relation o
comparative quantity, equal degree; harmonick de-
gree ; symmetry, adaptation of one to another ; form
size.
To PROPORTION, prA-pAr^sli&n, v. a. To adjust
by comparative relations ; to form symmetrically.
PROPORTIONABLE, prA-pArishun-i-bl, adj. Ad-
justed by comparative relation, such as is fit.
PROPORTIONABLY, pro-porisliun-a-bl^, adv.
According to proportion, according to comparative re-
lations.
PROPORTIONAL, prA-pAr^sli&n-al, adj. Having
a seti led comparative relation ; having a certain degree
ot'»ny quality compared with something else.
PROPORTIONALITY, prA-pAr-sh&n-aW tt*, s.
The quality of being proportional.
PROPORTIONALLY, prA-pAr-sh&n-al-U, adv. in
a stated degree.
PROPORTIONATE. prA-pArish&n-at, adj. 91. Ad-
j isied t[> something e)se according to a certain rate or
i-omparaiive relation.
To PROPORTIONATE, prA-pAr-ib&n ate, v. a.
The state of being by comparison adjusted.
PROPOSAL, prA-po-zal, s. 88. Scheme or design
propounded to consideration or acceptance ; offer to
the mind.
To PROPOSE, prA pAze,' v. a. To offer to the con-
sideration.
To PROPOSE, prA-pAze,' v. n. To lay schemes.
Not used.
PROPOSER, prA-po-zfir, s. 98. One that offers an>
thing to consideration.
PROPOSITION, pr&p-A-zIshi&n, «. A sentence in
which any thing is affirmed or decreed ; proposal, offer
of terms.
PROPOSITIONAL, pr6p-A-zIshiun-al, adj. Con-
sidered as a proposition.
To PROPOUND, prA-pound,' v. a- 313. To oftT-r
to consideration, to propose; to offer, to exhibit.
PROPOUNDER, prA-poundi&r, *. He that pro-
pounds, he that offers.
PROPRIETARY, prA-prW-tSr-i, s. Possessor in
his own right.
PROPRIETOR, prA-prUi-t&r, *. 98. A possessor
in li'f-i own right.
PROPRIETRESS, prA-prU«Mr£s, s. A female pos-
sessor in her own right.
PROPRIETY, pro-prW-t^, *. Peculiarity of posses-
sion, exclusive right; accuracy, justness.
PBOPT, for PROPPED, prApt, part. 359. Sus-
tained by some prop.
PROPUGN, prA-pine/ v. a. 385. To defend, to
vindicate.
Jt5> This word and its compounds are exactly undm
the same predicament as impugn ; which see.
PROPUGNATION, prip-p&g-nAish&n, s. 530. De-
fence.
PROPUGNF.R, prA-pu-nfir, *. 286. A defender.
PROPULSION, prA-p&Ush&n, s. The act of driv-
ing forward.
PRORE, prAre, s. The prow, the forepart of a shij>.
PROROGATION, prir-rA-ga-sh&n, i. Continuance,
state of lengthening out to distant time, prolongation ;
interruption of the session of parliament by the regal
authority.
To PROROGUE, prA rAg,' v. a. 337. To protract,
to prolong ; to put off, to delay ; to interrupt the ses-
sion of parliament to a distant time.
PRORUPTION, prA-rCip-shan, s. The act of burst-
ing out.
PROSAICK, prA-za-lk, adj. 509. Belonging to
pft>se, resembling prose.
To PROSCRIBE, prA skribe/ v. a. To censure capi-
tally, to doom to destruction.
PROSCRIBER, prA-skrl-b&r, s. 98. One that dooms
to destruction.
PROSCRIPTION, prA-skrlp'sli&n, s. Doom to death
or confiscation.
PROSE, prAze, s. Language not restrained to hap-
monick sounds or set number of syllables.
To PROSE, prAze, v. n. To make tedious narra-
tions.
To PROSECUTE, pr&sisi kiite, v a. 444. To pur-
sue, to continue endeavours after any thing; to conti-
nue, to carry on; to proceed in consideration or dig
quisition of any thing ; to pursue by law, to sue crimi-
nally.
PROSECUTION, pr&s-s^-ku-shun, s. Pursuit, en-
deavour to carry on ; suit against a man in a criminal
cause.
PROSECUTOR, prSsis<5-ku-t&r, s. 166. 521. One
that carries on any thing, a pursuer <-f any purpose,
one who pursues another by law in a criminal cause-
PHOSELYTE, pr5s-se-lite, s. A convert, one brought
over to a new opinion.
PROSELYTISM, pr6s-£-lt*-tlzm, s. The desire of
making converts.
409
PRO
r»3r 167, nit 153 — tube 171, t&h 172, b&ll 173 — 311 299 — pAund 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
To PROSELYTIZE, pr&s^-lti-tlze, v. a. To con-
vert to one's own opinion.
P&OSEMINATION, prA-s3m-n>^ naishun, s. Pro-
pagation by seed.
PKOSODIACAL, pi5s-A-di-a-k;\l, adj. Relating to
i he rules of prosody.
PllOSODlAX, prA-sA-de-dn, s. One skilled in me-
tre or prosody.
PROSODY, proS-sA.<l£, s. 444. 503. The part of
grammar which teaches the sound and quant, ty of syl-
lables, and the measures of verse
PROSOPOPOEIA, pr5s-sA.pA-pti-ya, s. Personifica-
tion, figure by which things are made persons.
PROSPKCT, pros-p£kt, s. View of something dis-
tant ; place which affords an extended view ; series of
objects open to the eye ; object of view ; \ lew into fu-
turity, opposed to retrospect; regard to something fu-
ture.
PROSPECTIVE, prA-sp£kit!v, adj. Viewing at a
distance; acting with foresight.
To PROSPER, prAs-p&r, v. a, 93. To make happy,
to favour.
To PROSPER, prAs'p&r, v. n. To be prosperous, to
be successful ; to thrive, to come forward.
PROSPERITY, prAs-p£rie-te, 3. Success, attain-
ment of wishes, good fortune.
PROSPEROUS, prosip&r-is, adj. 314. Successful,
fortunate.
PROSPEROUSLY, pr5s-pur-&s-l£, adv. Successfully,
fortunately.
PROSPEROUSNESS, pr5s'p5r-fis-n3s, s. Prosperity.
PKOSPICIENCE, prA-splsh-<*-£nse, s. 542. The
act of looking forward.
PKOSTERNATION, pr6s-t3r-ni-shin, i. Dejection,
depression, state of being cast down.
To PROSTITUTE, pr6s-t<*-tut..j, v. a. To sell to
wickedness, to expose to crimes for a reward; to ex-
pose upon vile terms.
PROSTITUTE, prAs-t£-tute, adj. Vicious for hire,
sold to infamy or wickedness,
PROSTITUTE, pr6s-t4 t&te, s. A hireling, a mer-
cenary, one who is set to sale ; a publiek strumpet.
PROSTITUTION, pr5s-tt*-t&-sh&n, «. The act of
setting to sale, the state of being set to sale for vile pur-
poses; the life of a publiek strumpet.
PROSTRATE, pr&s-trat, adj. 91. Lying at length ;
lying at mercy ; thrown down in humblest adoration.
To PROSTRATE, pris-trate, v. a. 91. To lay flat,
to throw down ; to fall down in adoration.
PROSTRATION, prAs-tra-sh&n, s. The act of fall-
iug down in adoration ; dejection, depression.
PROSY LLOGISM, prA-sil-lA-jIzm, s. A prosyllogism
is when two or more syllogisms are connected together.
PllorACTICK, prA-tak'tfk, adj.. Protactick persons
in plays are those who give a narrative or explanation
of the piece.
PROTASIS, prA-taisIs, s. 503. The first part of
the comedy or tragedy in the ancient drama, that ex-
plains the argument ot the piece. A maxim or propo-
sition.
To PROTECT, prA-t£kt,' v. a. To defend, to cover
from evil, to shiekl.
PROTECTION, prA-t£k£sh&n, s. Defence, shelter
from evil ; a passport, exemption from being molested.
PROTECTIVE, pi'A-t£k-tJV, adj. 512. Defensive,
sheltering.
PROTECTOR, prA-t§k£t?lr, s. 98. Defender, shel-
terer, supporter; an officer who had heretofore the
care of the kingdom in the king's minority.
PROTECTORATE, prA-t£k-tA-rate, j. Government
by a protector.
PROTECTRESS, prA-t£k-tr5s, s. A woman that
protects.
T: PROTEND, prA-t5nd,' v. e. To hold out, to
stretch forth.
PROTERM'l'Y, prA-t£rivti-t4, j. Peevishness, pe-
tulance.
To PROTEST, prA-t3st,' v. n. 492. To give a so-
lemn declaration of opinion ur resolution.
To PROTEST, prA-t£st/ v. a. A lorm in law of
entering a caveat against a bill not accepted or paid
in due time ; to call as a witness not used.
PROTEST, pri-t&St,' or pr5t-&>t, *. 492. A so-
lemn declaration of opinion against something.
8^- The first pronunciation of this word is adopted b\
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenric-k, Mr Smith, Mr.
Perry, Buchanan, Barclay, Bailey, and Kenning; and the
second by Mr. Nares, Dr. Ash, Dr. Johnson, and E'.Hiek.
As this substantive was derived from the verb, it had for-
merly the accent of the verb : and that this accent was the
most prevailing, appears from the majority of authorities
in its favour. But the respectable authorities for the se-
cond pronunciation, and the pretence of distinguishing
it from the verb, may very probably establish it, to the
detriment of the sound of the language, without any ad-
vantage to its signification. — See Bowl.
PROTESTANT, prit-t&s-tant, adj. Belonging tc
Protestants.
PROTESTANT, pr5t-t£s-tant, j. One who protests
against the church of Home.
PROTESTANTISM, proti&i-tan-i!zin, s. The Pro-
testant religion.
PROTESTATION, prSt-t£s-ta-sh&n, j. A solemn
declaration or resolution, fact, or opinion.
PROTESTER, prA-t£st-&r, s. 98. One who protests,
one who utters a solemn declaration.
PROTHONOTARY, prA-f/i5n-nA-tar-£, *. 518. The
head register.
PROTHONOTARISHIP, prA-£Ain-nA-tar-r4-s'iIp, s.
518. Office or dignity of the principal register.
PROTOCOL, prA-tA-k61, i. The original copy ot
any writing.
PHOTOMARTYR, prA tA-mar-t&r, s. The first mar-
tyr. A term applied to St. Stephen.
PROTOPLAST, prA^tA-plist, s. Original, thing first
formed.
PROTOTYPE, prA-tA-tlpe, s. The original of a copy,
exemplar, archetype.
To PROTRACT, pi A-trakt,' v. a. To draw out, to
delay, to lengthen, to spin to length.
PROTRACTER, prA-trak-t&r, *. One who drawj
out any thing to tedious length ; a mathematical in-
strument, for taking and measuring angles.
PROTRACTION, prA-trak-sh&n, A The act of
drawing to length.
PROTRACTIVE, prA-trakitlv, adj. Dilatory, de-
laying, spinning lo length.
PROTREPTICAL, prA-tr£pit£-kal, adj. Hortatory,
suasory.
To PROTRUDE, prA-trid^/ v. a. To thrust for-
ward.
To PROTRUDE, prA tr&de,' v. n. To thrust itself
forward.
PROTRUSION, ptA-trooish&n, s. The act of thrust-
ing forward, thrust, push.
PROTUBERANCE, prA-tu-b^r-anse, «. Something
swelling above the rest, prominence, tumour.
PROTUBERANT, prA-ti-b£r-int, adj. Swelling,
prominant.
To PROTUBERATE, prA-ti-b^i-ate, »>. n. To swell
forward, to swell out beyond the parts adjacent.
PUOUD, proud, adj. 313. Elated, valuing himself ;
arrogant, haughty; dating, presumptuous; grand,
lofty; ostentatious; salacious, eager for the male,
fungous, exuberant.
PROUDLY, proud-1^, adv. Arrogantly, ostentatious-
ly, in a proud manner.
To PROVE, prAAv, v. a. 164. To evince, to show
by argument or testimony ; to try, to bring to the test ;
to experience.
Zci PROVE, proov, v. n. To make trial ; to be
found by experience ; to succeed ; to be found in the
event.
PROVEABLE, pr55via-bl, adj. That may be proved.
PllOVEDORE, pr5v-v^ doiv/ t. One who under-
takes to procure supplies for an army.
PROVENDER, prov-v£n-d&r, j. Dry food for brute*,
hav and corn,
i PROVERB, priv-v^rb, *. A short sentence frequen
PRO
410
PSA
J3- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall cS3, fat 81 — me 9:5, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — n«\ IC2, move 16-1,
that is clearly for the first pronunciation. — See Principles,
No. 323.
PROWESS, pn>u-£s, or pro-Is, s. Bravery, valour,
!y repeated by the people, a saw, an adage ; a word, a
name, or observation commonly received or uttered.
To PltOVF.RB, prftviv£rb, v. a. To mention in a
proverb; to provide with a proverb.
PROVERBIAL, pnV-v^r-be-ul, adj. Mentioned in a
proverb ; resembling a proverb, suitable to a proveib ;
comprised in a proverb.
PROVERBIALLY, prA.v3rM>e-&l-l£, adv. In a pro-
verb.
Tn PROVIDE, prA-vlde,' v. a. To procure before-
hand, to get readv, to prepare; to furnish, to supply ;
to stipulate ; to Provide against, lo take measures for
counteracting or escaping any ill ; to Provide for, to
take care of beforehand.
PROVIDED THAT, pro-vl-ded, adv. Upon these
terms, this stipulation being made.
PROVIDENCE, pr5vivA-d3nse, s. 533. Foresight,
timely care, forecast, the act of providing ; the care of
God over created beings; Divine superintendence;
prudence, frugal ity , reasonable and moderate care of
expense.
PROVIDENT, privivi dSnt, adj. Forecasting, cau-
tious, prudent with respect to futurity.
PROVIDENTIAL, prov-e-d^n-shal, adj. Effected
by providence, referrible to provident e.
PROVIDENTIALLY, pruv-e-den-shul 4, adv. By
the care of Providence.
PROVIDENTLY, pr&\-ivi*-d£nt-le, adv. With fore-
sight, with wise precaution.
PROVIDER, pri vi-dur, s. 98. He who provides
or procures.
PROVINCE, pr5v-vlnse, *. A conquered country,
a country governed by a delegate; the proper office or
business of any one ; a region, a tract.
PROVINCIAL, pio-vln-shil, adj. Relating to a
province; appendant to the principal country ; not of
the mother country, rude, unpolished ; belonging only
to an archbishop's jurisdiction.
PROVINCIAL, pro-vin-shAl, s. A spiritual gover-
nor.
To PROVINCIATE, prA-vlnislii-ate, v. a. To
turn to a province.
PROVISION, pro-vlzh-un, s. The act of providing
beforehand ; measures taken beforehand ; accumula-
tion of stores beforehand, stock collected ; victuals,
food, provender; stipulation, terms settled.
PROVISIONAL, prA-\lzh-iin-&I, adj. Temporarily
established, provide i for present need.
PROVISIONALLY, prA-vizh-an-il-e, adv. By way
of provision.
PROVISO, prA-vi-zo, s. Stipulation, caution, provi-
sional condition.
PROVOCATION, pr5v-6-ka-sh&n, i. 530. An act
or cause by which anger is raised ; an appeal to a judge.
PROVOCATIVE, pro-vA-kl-fiv, s. Any thing which
revives a decayed or cloyed appetite.
PROVOCATIVKNESS, pro-vo-ka-tlv-n£s, s. Quali-
ty of being provocative.
To PROVOKE, prA-vokc/ v. a. To rouse, to ex-
cite by something; to anger, to incense; to cause, to
promote; lo challenge; to move, to incite.
To PllOVOKE, prA-vokt/ v n. To appeal, a lati-
nism ; to produce anger.
PROVOKER, pro-vo-ktir, s. One that raises anger ;
causer, promoter.
PROVOKINGLY, pro-v6-klng-l£, adv. 410. In
such a manner as to raise anger.
PROVOST, prov-vfist, s. The chief of any body, as,
the Provost of a college.
PuOVOST, pro-vo/ s. Corrupted from the French
Prei'ot. i he executioner of an army.
PllOVOSTSHlP, provivOst-shlp, s. Thcolficeofa
> rovost.
PllOW, profi, or prA, s. The head or forepart of a
ship.
ft!- Mr. Elphinston, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Smith, Mr. Per-
ry, and Buchanan, are for the first pronunciation of this
word: and Mr. Sheridan, Mr. N'ares, Mr Scolt, \V.
Johnston, and Barclay, for the second, \\henautiiori-
Ufci are so nicely balanced, analogy ought to decide; mid
military gallantry.
JC^- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick, W. John-
ston, and Perry, adopt the first sound of this word; and
Mr. Nares only the second : here too analogy must de-
cide for the first — See Principles, No. ,o'J3.
To PROWL, proul, or pi ok1, v. n. To wander foi
prey, to prey, to plunder.
Jfj- This won!, among many others composed of the
diphthong ow, is subject to a double pronunciation ; the
one rhyming with cowl, and the other with stroll. That
the former is more agreeable to analogy may be seen from
the more numerous instances of thissound of the otrthan
of the other ; that the latter pronunciation, however,
was very prevalent, may be gathered from the mode of
spelling" this word in Philip's Pastorals, edit 1"^. Ton-
son and Draper.
" I, only with the priding wolf, cnrstrain'd
" All night to wake : wilh hunger he is p.-in'd,
« And I with love. His hunger he may tame ;
" But who can quench, O cruel love ! thy flame."
The authorities for the first pronunciation are Mr. She-
ridan, Mr. Smith, Mr. Scott, Buchanan, and W. John-
ston j and for the second, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. \ares.aiul
Mr. Perry : and analogy must decide as in the two fore-
going words. — See Principles, No. 525.
PROWLER, pru'il'br, s. One that roves about for prey.
PROXIMATE, proksie-milt, adj. 91. Next in ihe
series of ratiocination, near and i mined ate.
PuoxiMATELY, proks^e-mat-le, adv. Immedi-
ately, without ^tervention.
PROXIME, priKS-im, nf/;. HO. Next, immediate.
PROXIMITY, pr&ks-Im-d-t<*, s. Nearness.
PROXY, pr5ksi«, s. The agency of another; the sulk
stitution of another, the agency of a substitute; ihe
person substituted or deputed.
PRUCE, proos, s. Prussian leather.
PHUDE, prood, s. 359. A woman over-nice and
scrupulous, and wiih fahe affectation of virtue.
PRUDENCE, pro<&l£nse, *. 339. Wisdom applied
to practice.
PRUDENT, proti-d^nt, adj. Practically wise ; fore-
seeing by natural instinct.
PRUDENTIAL, prod-den-shal, adj. Eligible on
principles of prudence.
PRUDENTIALS, proo-d£n£shalz, *. Maxims of
pruderee or practical wisdom.
PRUDENTIALITY, pr66 d£n.sh£-aK<i t<*. s. Eligi-
bility on principles of prudence.
PRUDENTIALLY, pr6o-d£n-bhal-e, adv. Accord-
ing to the rules of prudence. '
PRUDENTLY, prS6i-d£nt-l£, adv. Discreetly, judi-
ciously.
PRUDERY, pr6ocWr-4, J. Overmuch nicety in
conduct.
PRUDISH, pr65d-!sh, adj. Affectedly grave.
To PRUNE, pi65n, v. a. 339. To lop, to divest
trees of their superfluities; to clear from excrescence?.
To PRUNE, proon, v. n. To dress, to prink. A
ludicrous word.
PRUNE, profin, S. 176. A dried plum.
PKUNELI.O, prAA-nUflA, *. A kind of stuff r.f
which clergyn en's gowns are made; a kind of plum.
PRUNER, pr5on-Cir, s. 98. One that cro|» trees.
PRUNIFEROUS, proo-nif-f^r us, adj. Plum-bearing.
? t /- i .. s- A hook or
PHUNINGKNIFE, prom-log nih>
knife used in lopping trees.
PRURIENCE,
PRURIE
a great desire or appetite to any thing.
PRURIENT, pr66-re-£nt, adj. Itching.
PRURIGINOUS, pr65-iid-jln-us, adj. Tending to
an itch.
To PllY, prl, r. n. To peep narrowly.
PSALM, sum, s. 78. 403. 412. A holy song.
PRUNINGHOOK, pro6niing-h66k, 7
? t /- i .. >
UNINGKNIFE, prom-log nih>, ^
nife used in lopping trees.
URIENCE, pioft-rd-£nse, 7
u/ i 7 f s. An itching
URIENCY, proo-re-en-se, i
PUD
111
PU1
n5r 1G7, nAt 163 — tibe 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 31:? ttt'n -t; -, — THIS 4f79.
PSALMIST, saUmlst, 3. 78. 403. A writer of holy To PUODER, pud-dur, v. n. To i>orp)cx, to distuib.
PSALMODY, sal-mo de, s. 4O3. The act or practice
of singing holy songs.
PsALMor.iiAPHY, sal-mog^grA-fe, s. 518. The
act of writing psalms.
PSALTER, sawlit&r, *. 412. The volume of psalms,
a psalm book.
PSALTERY, sawl-t&r-e, *. 412. A kind of hatp
beaten with sticks.
PSEUDO, su-do, S. 412. A prefix, which being put
before words, signifies false or counterfeit, as, Pseudo-
apostle, a counterfeit apostle.
PSEUDOGRAPHY, su-d&girit-fi, s. False writing.
{£>• For the propriety of suppressing the p in these
words, see Pneumaticks.
PSEUDOLOGY, sh-dol-o-j£, S. 518. Falsehood of
speech.
PSHAW, shavv, inter} 412. An expression of con-
tempt.
PSYCHE, sKk£, s. A nymph whom Cupid married.
This won! signifies the soul.
PSYCHOLOGY, sl-k51^o-j£, s. 513. The doctrine
of the soul or mini).
PsYCHOMACHY, sJ-kiimia-kt*, s. 518. A conflict
of the soul with the body.
PSYCHOMANCY, Sl-ko-man-s£, s. 519. Divina-
tion by consulting the souls of the dead.
PTISAN, tiz-zan,' S. 412. A medical drink mada
of barley decocted with raisins ami liquorice.
PxYALISAI, tl-a-llzm, S. An effusion of spittle, a
salivation.
PTYLOSIS, ti-lo^sls, s. 5O3. 529. A disease of the
eyes.
PTYSMAGOGUE, tiziml-gog, s. 519. A medicine
to provoke spitting.
PUBERTY, pii'b5r-t£, s. The time of life in which
the two sexes begin fir;t to be acquainted.
PUBESCENCE, pfj-b£s's£nse, s. 510. The state of
arriving at puberty.
PUBESCENT, pii-b£s-s£nt, adj. Arrivingat puberty.
PUBLICAN, pub-le-kin, s. 88. In scripture lan-
guage, a toll-gatherer; in common language, & man
that keeps a house of general entertainment.
PUBLICATION, p&b-le-kaish&n, s. The act of
publishing, the act of notifying to the world ; edition,
the act of giving a book to the publick.
Pl'BLICK, p&b-lik, adj. Belonging to a state or
nation; open, notorious, generally known; general,
done by many ; regarding not private interest, but the
good of the community ; open for general entertain-
ment.
PUBLICK, pfibillk, *. The general body of mankind,
or of a state or nation ; open view, general notice.
PUBLICKLY, p&b'lik-l£, adv. In the name of the
community; openly, without concealment.
PuBLICKNESS, pfrbUIk-n3s, s. State of belonging
to the community; openness, state of being generally
known or publick.
PUBLICKSPIRITED, p&b-llk-splrilt-£d, adj. Hav-
ing regard to the general advantage above private good.
To PUBLISH, pClb-Ush, v. a. To discover to man-
kind, to make generally and openly known; to put
forth a book into the world.
PUBLISHER, p&b'lish-ur, s. One who makes pub-
lick or generally known ; one who puts out a book into
the world.
PUCELAGE, pi-i^l-a'lje, s. 90. A state of virginity.
PUCK, p5k, s. Some sprite among the fairies, com-
mon in romances.
PUCKBALL, pfrk-ball, S. A kind of mushroom full
of dust.
To PUCKER, pftk-kur, v. a. 98. To gather into
wrinkles, to contract into folds or plications.
PuDf ER, p&d-dur, s. 98. A tumult, a turbulent
and irregular bustle.
To I'UDDER, pudid&r, v. n. To make a tumult,
to make a bustle.
PUDDING, pud-ding, s. 174. 410. A kind of
food very variously compounded, but generally made
of Hour, n;ilk, and eggs; the gut of an animul; abo.vci
stuffed with certain mixtuies of meal and other iugrc-
d'enU.
PuDDlNGPIE, pfid-i!lng-p5, a. A 'pudding with
meat baked in it.
PuDDINGTIME, pud-dlng-time. s. The time of
dinner; the time at which pudding, anciently the first
dish, is set upon the table ; nick of lime, critical mi-
nute.
PUDDLE, pSd^dl, S. 405. A small muddy laki, a
dirty plash.
To PUDDLE, pud-dl, j>. a. To mucidy, to poj'jte
with dirt, to mix dirt and water.
PUDDLY, p&d-dl-e, adj. Muddy, dirty, miry.
PUDENCY, pu-d£i)-se, s. Modesty, shamefaced.*-™.
PUDICITY, pu-dls-s^-tt*, S. Mndesty, chastity.
PuEFELLOW. pu-fel-16, s. A partner. A cant v >rd.
PUERILE, \>h^-r\\,ad). 14O. 145. thildi.h, bojUh.
PUERILITY, pu-(i-rll-e-te, s. Childishness, bo>Lh-
ncss.
PUET, plWt, S. 99- A kn:d of water-fowl.
PUFF, pflf, S. A quick blast with the mouth j a
small blast of wind ; a fungus , any thing light aiv" po-
rous, as, Puff paste; something to sprinkle powder on
the hair.
To PUFF, puf, v. n. To swell the checks with wind ;
to blow wiih a quick blast ; to blow with scornfuli rss ;
to breathe thick and hard : to do or move with hurry,
tumour, or tumultuous agitation ; to swell with the
wind.
To PUFF, pfif, V. a. To swell as with wind ; to
drive or agitate with blasts of wind; to drive with a
blast of breath scornfully; to swell or blow up with
praise; to swell or elate with pride.
PUFFER, p&f-f&r, s. 98. One that puffs.
PUFFIN, puffin, s. A water- fowl ; a kind of fish ;
a kind of fungus filled with dust
PUFFINGLY, pfif^flng-le, adv. 410. Tumidly,
with swell ; with shortness of brea h.
PUFFY, pfit-i4, adj. 183. \Vmdy, flatulent ; tu.
mid, turgid.
PUG, pug, S. A kind name of a monkej, or any
thing tenderly loved.
PUGH, pooh, inter}. A word of contempt.
PUGNACIOUS, pfig-na-shus, adj. 387. Inclinable
to fight, quarrelsome, fighting.
PUGNACITY, pftg-nas-se-te, s. Quarrelsomeness,
inclination to fight.
PUISNE, p&-n£, ad.). 458. Young, younger, later
in time ; petty, inconsiderable, small.
PUISSANCE, pii-is sanse, or pii Isi-sinse, s.
Power, strength, force.
&5- The best way to judge of the pronunciation of
this and the following word, will be to show the authori-
ties for each; and as the negative of these words, iiiipiti*-
tance, is governed by its positive, it may not be nupiopcr
to join it to the list.
Puit'iance - Dr. Johnson, Dr. Kcnrick, Dr. Ash, Mr.
Scott, W. Johnston, I'erry, Fcnmng71bar-
clay. Bailey, Buchanan, and Kntick.
Pu'issanre - Mr. Sheridan.
1'uii'sant • - Dr. Johnson, Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Mr.
Scott, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, W. JohnsUni,
Barclay, Bailey, Penning, and Entick.
Pu'issant - - Mr. Sheridan.
ImpuXsance Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Barclay, Bailey, and
Penning.
Impu'issance Mr. Sheridan.
Nothing can be more decisive than the authorities for
the penultimate accent on these words, and this induced
me to alter my former accentuation on the first syllable;
but maturcr consideration has convinced me that this is
most conformable to the best as well as the most ancient
usage. That double consonants in the middle do not al
ways attract the accent, see Principles, No. JU3, 6.
This \\ord, Di. Johnson says, seems to have been pro-
nounced with only t«o syllables. " It was undeniably
so," says Mr. Mason, " in Shakespeare and suliscqi.ieiit
writers: but if Johnson had akeu the pa^n* of looking
PUL
PUN
55Q-. FAtt- 73, far 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n& 162, infive 16
into Spenser's Faiiy Queen, he might have found, very
near the beginning of the first canto, that the word was a
trisyllable:
" .1 nd sver u he rode his heart did earne,
•• To prove his puis«iiic« in battle brave
" UI«MI hi* foe."
I am more and more convinced that the true pronunci*-
tion of this word it in three syllables, with the accent on
the first. Thus in the Bret chorus of Sliakespean's Henry
the Fifth,
" And make imaginary puuiancc,"
And again in the third chorus :
" And leare vnur England as dead mldnigtu still,
M Guarded with grantKires, babies, and old women,
" Or p.nt, or not arrir'd a: pith and puituince."
Pt'ISSANT, pu-ls-sint, adj. Powerful, strong, for-
cible.
PuiSSANTLY, pi-Is- sint-l£, adv. Powerfully, for-
cibly.
PCKE, puke, $. A vomit.
To PUKE, pike, v. n. To vomit.
PuKER, pu-kfir, s. 98. Medicine causing a vomit.
PULCHRITUDE, pilikri-tude, *. Beauty, grace,
handsomeness.
To PuLE, pile, t>. R. To cry like a chicken ; to
whine, to cry.
PL-LICK, pu-Hk, *. An fcerb.
PuLICOSK, pu-I(*-kAse,' adj. 427. Abounding with
fleas — See Appendix.
To PULL, pal, v. a. 1 73. To draw forcibly ; to
pluck, to gather; to tear, to rend; to Pulldown, to
subvert, to demolish, to degrade; to Pull up, to extir-
pate, to eradicate.
PuLL, p&l, *. The act of pulling, pluck.
PULLER, puWur, s. 98. One that puHa.
PuLLET, pfil-llt, *. 174. A young hen.
PULLEY, pul-lt*, *. 174. A small wheel turning
on a pivot, with a furrow on its out.-j.le in which a
rope runs.
To PULLULATE, pul-lu-late, t>. n. 177. To ger-
minate, to bud.
PULMONARY, pul-mA-nar-£, 177. J .
PULMONICK, pul-m&ninlk, 509. } fl*' B
ing to the lungs.
PULP, pulp, s. Any soft mass ; the soft part of fruit.
g5* Allpur orthoepists, except Mr. Elphinston, give
the K in this word the same sound as in du'.l, and not as
tn ptttt, as he ha* done.
PuLPIT, pul'pU, s. 174. A place raited on high,
where a speaker stands; the higher desk in the church,
whete the sermon is pronounced.
j(^- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Nares, Dr. Kenrirk,
«nd>V. Johnston, prr -nounce the u in this word as I have
done. Mr. Perry alone gives it the sound of u in dutL
PULFOUS, pulpi&S, adj. Soft.
PULPOUSNESS, puipius-n&s, *. The quality of be-
ing pulpous.
PULPY, pulpit, adj. Soft, pappy.
PULSATION, pul-sa-shun, s. The act of beating or
moving with quick strokes against any thing opposing.
PULSE, p&lse, t. The motion of any artery as the
blood is driven through it by the heart, anil as it is per-
ceived by the touch ; oscillation, vibration ; to feel
one's Pulse, to try or know one's mind artfully ; legu-
minous ji!;::it<.
PuLSION, pul-shun, s. The act of driving or forc-
ing forward, in opposition to suction.
PuLVERABLE, pul-v£r-a-bl, adj. Possible to be
reduced to dust.
PULVERIZATION, p&l-v£r-£-za-shftn, *. The act
of powdering, reduction to dust or powder.
To PULVERISE, p&l-v^r-Ize, v. a. To reduce to
powder, to reduce to dust.
PULVERULENCE, pfkl-v£riu-l3nse, * Dustiness,
abundance of dust.
PULVIL, pul-vil, s. Sweet-scented powder.
To PULVIL, pul-vll, v. a. To tpriuUe with per-
fumes in powder.
PUMICE, pu^mls, or pim-mls, s. A slagorcinde
of some f,is>il.
j£-£- This word ought to b« pronounced pcwmii. In
nothing is our language more regular than in preserving
the u open when* the accent is on it, and followed by a
single consonant ; anil therefore Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott,
and Buchanan, who give it this sound, ought rather to be
followed than Mr. Elphinston, Dr. Keurick, W. John-
ston, Perry, and Eutk-k, who adopt the short u. — See
Luciilent.
PUMM-EL, pum-mll, s. 99. — See Pommel.
PUMP, p&mp, *. An engine by which water is draw!
up from wells: its operation i* jiorformed by the pre»'
sure of the air ; a shoe with a thin sole and low heel.
Tn PUMP, pfiinp, t>. n. To work a pump, to throw
out water by a pump.
To PUMP, p&mp, v. a. To raise or throw out by
means of a pump ; to examine artfully or by sly inter-
rogatories.
PUMPEK. p&mp^&r, & 98. The person or the iiutrin
ment that pumps.
PuMPION, p&mpiy&n, *. 113. A plant.
PUN, p&n, s. An equivocation, a quibble, an ex.
pre<sion where a word has at once different meanings.
To PUN, p&n, o. n. To quibble, to use the same
word at once in different senses.
To Pt'NCH, pfinsli, v. a. To bore or perforate b\
driving a sharp instrument.
PUNCH, p&nsl), ». A pointed instrument, which,
driven by a blow, perforates bodies ; a liquor made by
mixing spirit with water, sugar, and the juice of lemons
or oranges ; the buffoon or harlequin of the puppet-
show ; in contempt or ridicule, a short fat fellow.
PUNCHEON, p&nsll-frn, S. 359. An instrument
driven so as to make a hole or impression ; a measure
of liquids.
PUNCHER, p&nshiir, t. 98. An instrument that
makes an impression or hole.
PUNCTILIO, pungk-tll-yi, * 113. A small nicety
of behaviour, a nice point of exactness.
PUNCTILIOUS, p&ngk- til-jus, adj. Nice, exact,
punctual to superstition.
PUNCTILIOUSNESS, pungk-tll-yus-n£s, *. Nicety,
exactness of behaviour.
PUNCTO, p&ngk-(A, * 408. Nice point of cere-
mony ; the point in fencing.
PUNCTUAL, p&ngk-tshii-iU, adj. 461. Comprised
in a point, consisting in a point; exact, nkv, punctilious.
PUNCTUALITY, p&ngk-tslii-AW-t^, s. Nicety,
scrupulous exactness.
PUNCTUALLY, p&ngk-tshii-il-i, ado. Nicely, ex.
actly, scrupulously.
PuNCTUALNESS, pftngk^tshdi i!-n£s, s. Exact-
ness, nicety.
PUNCTUATION, p&ngk-tshti-a-sh&n, s. The act
or method of pointing.
PUNCTURE, p&ngk-tsh&re, *. 461. A hole mads
with a sharp (mint.
To PUNCTULATE, p&ngk-tsh6-!dte, v. a. To
mark with small spots.
PUNGENCY, p&n^jen-s£, s. Power of pricking ;
heat on the tongue, acridness; power to pierce the
mind ; acrimoniousncss, keenness.
PUNGENT, pun-jfint, adj. Pricking, sharp on the
tongue, acrid ; piercing, sharp, acrimonious, biting.
PUNIC, pii-nlk, adj. (From the Latin Pceni,
Carthaginians, u-lio were no o> iouj for breach nf faith.)
False, laithless, treacheious.
PuNlCEOUS, pi-nlsh-us, adj. 357. Purple.
PuNINESS, p&-nd-l)£s, S. Pettiness, cmallness.
To PUNISH, ptin-nlsli, v. a. 176. To chastise, to
afflict with penalties; to revenge a fault with pain or
death.
PUNISHABLE, pin-nlsh-i-bl, adj. Worthy of
punishment, capable of puiiMuncnt.
PUNISHABLENESS, p&nililsh-i-ljl-n^s, J. Tb«
quality of deserving or admitting |>uni.-hment.
Pl'XiSHER, piin-uiih-iir, f. 98. One who inOicU
or a crime.
PUR
PUR
167, n5t 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 17:5 — 'ill 299— pound 313— tliln 46C — THis 4G9
PUNISHMENT, puninlsli-m5nt, s. An infliction
iir.|ioscd in vengeinec of a crime.
PUNITION, pu-nlsh-un, j. Punishment.
PUNITIVE, pu'ni tlv, adj. Awarding or inflict-
ing punishment.
PuNITORY, pu-nti-tur e, adj. 512. Punishing, tend-
ing to punishment.
PUNK, pungk, s. A whore, a common prostitute.
PUNSTER, pun^stur, s. A quibMer, a low wit who
endeavours at reputation by double meaning.
PUNY, pu-ni, adj. Young ; inferior, petty, of an
under rate.
PUNY, pu-ni, s. A young unexperienced person, a
novice.
To PUP, p6p, v. n. To bring forth whelps, used of
a bitch bringing young.
PUPIL, pu-pil, s. The appte of the eye; a scholar,
one under the care of a t a Lor ; a ward, one under the
care of his guardian.
PUPILAGE, pu-pll-adje, *. 90. State of being a
scholar ; wardship, minority.
PUPILLARY, puipil-ir-i, adj. 512. Pertaining to
a pup'l or ward.
J£^- Or. Johnson lias spelled this word with one I, as if
derived from our own word pupil, and not from the Latin
pHiiiltar'u. — For the accent of this word, see Papillary.
PUPPKT, pup-It, J. 99. A small image moved by
men in a mock drama; a word of contempt.
J£j» This word was formerly often pronounced as if
written p.'iiniif ; but this pronunciation is now confined to
the lowest vulgar.
PUPPETMAN, pupiplt-min, s. Master of a puppet-
show.
PuPPKTSHOW, pup-plt-shA, s. A mock drama per-
formed bv wooden images moved by wire.
PUPPY. pup-pe, s. A whelp, a progeny of a biUih ;
.1 name of contempt to an impertinent fellow.
2'o PUPPY, pup-pe:, v. w. To bring whelps.
PURBLIND, pur-blind, adj. S ear- sigh ted. Cor-
rupted from Poreblinii.
PUUBLINONESS, pus -blind-lie's, s. Shortness of
sight.
PURCHASABLE, pur-tshis-4-bl, adj. That may be
purchased or bought.
2 J Pl.'UCH ASE, puritshig, v. a. To buy for a price ;
to obtain at any expense, as of labour or danger ; to
expiate or recompense by a fine or forfeit.
PURCHASE, puritshls, s. Any thing b.nightor ob-
tained for a price ; any thing of which possession is ta-
ken.
PURCHASER, pur-tshls-fcr, t. A buyer, one that
gains u'.ty thing for a price.
PURE, pure, adj. Not sullied ; clear; unmingled ;
not connected with any thing extrinsick ; free; free
from guilt, guiltless, innocent; not vitiated with cor-
rupt modes of speech ; mere, as, a Pure villain ; chaste,
modest.
PURELY, pure^, adv. In a pure manner, not with
mixture; innocently, without .guilt; merely.
PURENEiS, p&re-n^s, s. Cle.trne.-s, freedom from
extraneous or foul admixture; simplicity; iunuuence;
freedom fro n vttious modes of speech.
PURFILE, pur-fll, s. 14O. A sort of ancient trim
ming for women's gowns.
To PURPLE, purifl, t;. a. 405. To decorate with
a wrought or flowered border.
PURFI.F,, pur-fl,
PURFI.EW, pur^flu,
PURGATION, pur-ga-sbun, I. The act of cleans-
ing or purifying from vitious mixtures; the act ol
cleansing the b.vdy by downward evacuation; the act
of clearing from imputation of guilt.
PURGATIVE, puri^i tiv, aaj. 157. Cathartick,
h.ivnu; the power to eau^e evacuation downwards.
PURGATORY, purig'i-tur-e, J. 512. 557. A place
in which souls are supposed, by the Itomaii church, t<
be purued by five from cariml impurities, before they
are received iutu Itcaveu.
A border of embroidery.
To PURGE, purd'e, v. a. To cleanse, to clear; w
clear from impurities; to clear from guilt; to deal
from imputation of guilt ; to sweep or put away impu-
rities ; to evacuate the body by stool ; to clarify", to de-
fecate.
To PURGE, purdje, v. n. To have frequent stools.
PURGE, purdje, s A cathartick medicine, a medi-
cine that evacuates the body by stool.
PURGER, pur-jur, $. 98. One that clears away
any thing noxious ; purge, cathartick.
PURIFICATION, pu-re-i«i-k4-shun, s. The act of
making pure; the act of cleansing from guilt ; a rite
perfomed by the Hebrews after child-bearing.
PURIFICATIVE, pu-ril-fe-ki-tiv, 7
PURIFICATORY, pu-rlfife-ki-tur.e,,51 '2.557. $"'•''
Having power or tendency to make pine.
PURIFIER, puir£-fl-ur, j. 98. Cleanser, refiner.
To PURIFY, pu-rt*-fl, t; a. 183. To make pure ;
to free from any extraneous admixture ; to make clear ;
to free from guilt or corruption ; to clear from barba-
risms or improprieties.
To PURIFY, pa-ri-ft, v. r». To grow pure.
PURITAN, pu'r^-tln, *. 88. A nick- name given
formerly to the Dissenlersfrom the Church of England.
PURITANICAL, pu-ie-tiu-ne,-kal, adj. Relating
to puritans.
PURITANISM, pu-re-tin-lzm, *. The notions of a
puritan.
PURITY, pu-re-t^, *. Cleanness, freedom from foul-
ness or dirt; freedom from guilt, innocence; chastity,
freedom from contamination of sexes.
PURL, purl, 5. An embroidered and puckered bor
der ; a kind of medicated malt liquor, in which worm-
wood and aromatteks are infused.
To PURL, purl, v. n. To murmur, to flow with a
gentle noUe.
To PURL, purl, v. a. To decorate with fringe or
embroidery. Not used.
PURLIEU, pur-lb, s. The grounds on the borders of
a forest ; border, enclosure.
P(IRLIN£, puri-lins, s. In architecture, tnose pieces
of timber that lie across the rafters on the inside, t«i
keep them from sinking in the middle.
To PURLOIN, pur -loin,' v. a. To steal, to take by
theft.
PURLOINER, pur-lolniur, 4. A thief, one that
steals clandestinely.
PURPLE, puripl, adj. 405. Red tinctured with
blue ; in poetry, red.
To PURPLE, pur^pl, v. a. To make red, to colour
with purple.
PURPLES, puriplz, s. Spots of livid red, which
break out in malignant fevers ; a purple fever.
PURPLISH, pur-pl-lsh, adj. Somewhat purple.
PURPORT, pur-pArt, s. Design, tendency of a
writing or discourse.
To PURPORT, piripArt, i>. u. To intend, to tend u
chow.
PuRTOSE, p&riput, *. 166. Intention, design, ef-
fect, consequence ; instance, example.
To PURPOSE, pur-pus, t>. u. To intend, to design.
to resolve.
PURPOSELY, pur-pus-kl, adv. By design, by in-
tention.
To PURR, pur, f. «. To murmur as a cat or leo-
pard in pleasure.
PURSE, purse, s. A small bag for money.
To PURSE, purse-, v. a. To put into a purse ; tt
contract as a purse.
PURSENET, pursein&t, s. A net of which the mouth
is drawn together by a string.
PURSEFROUU, puree-proud, adj. Pufled up witb
money.
PURSER, pur^sur, t. 98. The |«ymastcr of a ship.
PuRSINESS, purisc-ne*, *. Shortness ol breath.
PCRSLAIN, purs-lin, .«. '2O& A plant.
2 T
PUT
411
PYG
5.59. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fJt 81 — mi 93, m^t 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — nf> 1 62, move lr>M,
PIIRSUABLE, pur-S&^A-bl, adj. That may be pur-
sued
PURSUANCE, pur su-inse, s. Prosecution, process.
PL' HSU A NT, pur-su-.\nt, adj. Done in consequence
or prosecution of any thing.
To PoRfUKi p&r-su/ n. a. 454. To chase, to fol-
low in hostility ; to prosecute; to imitate, to follow as
an example; 10 endeavour to attain.
To PURSUE, p&r-sfr,' v. n. To go on, to proceed.
PURSUER, p&r>su-5r, s. 98. One who follows in
hostility.
PURSUIT, pur-site,' *. The act of following with
hos'ile intention; endeavour to attain ; prosecution.
PURSUIVANT, p'iriswe-vint, «. 340. A state mes-
senger, an attendant on the heralds.
PuRSY, pur-s>£, adj. Short-breathed and fat.
PuilTF.NANCE, purite-nanse, s. The pluck of an
animal.
To PURVEY, p&r-va/ v. a. 26.0. To provide with
conveniences; to procure.
To PURVEY, pur-va/ v. n. To buy in provisions.
PURVEYANCE, pur-v&unsc, s. Provision, procure-
ment of victuals.
PURVEYOR, pur-va-ur, s. 66. One who provides
victuals ; a procurer, a pimp.
PURUI.KNCE, pu-ru-l£nse, 9
if i 1Z i f s, 177. Oenera-
PURULENCY, pu'ru-len-s«J, \
tion of pus and matter. — See 3fuculent.
PURULENT, puiru-lent, adj. Consisting of pus or
the running of wounds.
PUS, pus, t. The matter of a well-digested sore.
To PUSH, push, v. a. 173, 174. To strike with
a thrust ; to force or drive by impulse of any thing ; to
force, not by a quick blow, but by continued violence ;
to press forward; to urge, to drive; to enforce, to drive
to a conclusion ; to importune, to tease.
To PUSH, push, f. n. To make a thrust ; to make
an effort ; to make an attack.
PUSH, push, *. Thrust, the act of striking with a
pointed instrument; an impulse, force iui]ressed; as-
sault, attack ; a forcible struggle, a strong eBort ; exi-
gence, trial ; a sudden emergence ; pimple, a nhral, in
this sense not used.
PUSHER, push-far, *. 98. He who pushes forward.
PUSHING, push-Ing, adj. 410. Enterprising, vi-
gorous.
PUSHPIN', push-pin, s. A child's play, in which pins
are pushed alternately.
PUSILLANIMITY, pi sll-lan-imim<*-te, s. Cow-
ardice.
PUSILLANIMOUS, pu-sll-an-ne-rnus, adj. Mean-
spirited, narrow-minded, cowardly.
PUSILLANIMOUSNESS, plWU-an-nti-mus-n&S, i.
Meanness of spirit.
PUSS, pus, i. 173, 174. The fondling name of a
cat ; the sportsman's term for a hare.
PUSTULE, pus-tshuli1, *. 463. A small swelling, a
pimple, an efflorescence.
PUSTULOUS, p&s^tshii-l&s, adj. Full of pustules,
pimply.
To PUT, pat, v. a. 173, 174. To lay or reposit
in any place ; to place in any situation ; to give up ; to
push into action ; to use any aciion by which the place
or state of any thing is changed ; to cause, to produce;
to add ; to place in a reckoning ; to reduce to any
state ; to oblige, to urge ; to propose, to state ; to bring
into any state of mind or temper ; to offer, to advance ;
to unite, to place as an ingredient ; to Put by, to turn
off, to divert, to thrust aside ; to Put down, to buttle,
to repress, to crush ; to degrade ; to bring into disuse ;
to confute; to Put forth, to propose, to extend, to e-
mit as a sprouting plant; to exert; to Put in, U> inter-
pose ; to Tut in practice, to use, to exercise; to Put off,
to .livest, to lay aside; to defeat or delay with some
artifice or excuse • to delay, to defer, to procrastinate ;
to pass fallaciously ; to discard ; to recommend, to vend
or obtrude; to Put on or upon, to impute, to charge;
to invest with, as clothes or covering; to forward, to
promote, to incite; to impose, to inflict; to assume,
to take; to Put over, to refer ; to Put out, to place at
usury; ta extinguish ; to emit, as a plant ; to extend,
to protrude; to expel, to drive from; to make pub-
lick; to disconcert; to Put to, to kill by, to punish
b. ; to Put to it, to distress, to perplex, to press hard ;
to IMit to, to assist with ; to Put to death, to kill; to
Put together, to accumulate into one sum or mass ; to
Put up, to pass unrevenged ; to expose publickly ; to
start; to hoard; to hide; to Put U]K>II, to incite, to
instigate; to impose, to lay upon ; to Put upon trial,
to expose or summon to a solemn and judicial examina-
tion.
To PUT, put, or put, v. n. To shoot or germinate ;
to steer; to Put forth, to leave a port; to germina'e,
to bud, to shoot out ; to Put in, to enter a haven ; to
Put in for, to claim, to stand candidate for ; to Put in,
to offer a claim ; to Put off, to kave land ; to Put over,
to sail across; to Put to sea, to set sail, to begin ihe
course; to Put up, to offer one's self 3 candidate; to
advance to, to bring one's self forward ; to Put up
with, to suffer without resentment.
Jf^» The common pronunciation of the capital is the
first sound given to this word ; but in Ireland, and the
different counties of England, it is generally pronounced
regularly so as to rhyme with hut, nut, ike- W. Johnston
has adopted this sound, and Mr. Perrv gives ii both way*,
but seems to prefer the regular sound. Mr. Nares is de-
cidedly in favour of this sound ; and as this word, when
a noun, i&always so pronounced, it seems a needless de-
parture from rule, and embarrassing the language, to
have the same word differently pronounced. This is an
inconvenience to which, perhaps, all languages are sub-
ject; but it ought in all languages to be avoided as much
as possible. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Scott,
Dr. Keurick, and Mr. Smith, adopt the first sound.— Scu
Binvi.
PUT, put, s. 175. A instick, a clown ; a game at
cards.
PuTAGE, pu'tldje, $. 9O. In law, prostitution on
the woman's part.
PuTANISM, pu-ta-nlzm, *. The manner of living
or trade of a prostitute.
PUTATIVE, pu-ta-tiv, adj. 157. Supposed, reputed
PUTID, pu-tid, adj. Mean, low, worthless.
PUTIDNESS, pu-tid. n^s, S Meanness, vileness.
PUTLOG, p6t-16g, s. Putlogs are pieces of timber
or short poles about seven feet long, to bear the boards
the builders stand on to work, aiid to lay bricks and
mortar upon.
Pu'flUiDlNOUS, pu-tr£d^-nus, adj. Slinking, rot-
u-n.
PUTREFACTION, p(j-tri fik^sh&n, *. The state of
growing rotten ; the act of making rotten.
PUTREFACTIVE, pu-txJ-1'ik.-tiv, adj. Making
rotten.
To PUTREFY, pu-tnS-fl, v. a. 1S3. To make rot
ten, to corrupt with rottenness.
To PUTREFY, pu-tn*-»'L v. n. To rot.
PuTitESCENCE, pu-ti&>-s<Jnse, *. 51O. The state
of rotting.
PuTUESCENT, pu-tr£s-s£nt, adj. Growing rotten.
PUTRID, puArld, adj. Rotten, corrupt.
PUTIUDNESS, pu-trld-n£s, S. Rotteuness.
PUTTER, putitur, *. 98. One who put* ; Puttci
on, incitcr, instigator. — See Put.
PUTTINGSTONK, put-tlng-stiiie, S. In some l«its
of Scotland stom s are laid at the gates of great houses,
which they call puttingstone-, for trials of strength.
PUTTOCK, put'tuk, s. 166. A biuzard.
PUTTY, put-te, s. A kind of powder on which giasi
is ground ; a kind of cement used by glaziers.
To PUZZLE, puz-zl, v. a. 405. To perplex, to
confound, to embarrass, to entangle.
To PU//LE, ptiz-zl, v. n. To be bewildered U)
one's own notions, to be awkward.
PUZZLE, pu/--zl, 3. Embarrassment, perplexity.
PUZZLER, puz-zl-fir, *. 98. He who puzzles.
PYGAUG, pl-y&rg, s- A b.rd.
PYGMEAN, pig-me-An, adj. Belonging to a pyp,mjn
{fjr- This woid luis the accent on the penultimr.te tut
the same reason as K/iicurftin. It i-s derived from Pignut i,
I'igmies: and its" adjective, if it had o«e, DMMthftreM
QUA
415
QUA
iv'r If)7, nit 163— tube 171, tftb 172, bull 17.1— oil 299 — pound 313— t/i:,n 466— THIS 469.
the diphthong in it, which would necessarily fix the ac-
eepl on that syllable. — See European.
• Thev lew tha
illest dwarfs in narrow room
s, like that pygmean rare
Hav
adv. In
" Beyond the Indi
PYGMY, plg-m^, s. A dwarf, one of a nation fabled
to be only three spnns high, and after long wars to
have been destroyed by cranes ; any thing little.
PYLORUS, p4-lA rfis, ». 187. 503. The lower ori-
fice of the stomach.
PYPOWDF.R, pl-poii-dir, s See Piepowder.
PYRAMID, plr-a-mld, s. 109. 180- In Geometry,
is a solid figure, whose base is a polygon, and whose
sides are plain triangles, their several points meeting in
one.
PYRAMIDAL, pi-ramW-dal, 187.7 g
PYRAMIDICAL, plr-a-mld-e-kal, $
the form of a pyramid.
PYRAMIDICALLY, plr-a-muW-kal-e,
form of a pyramid.
PYRAMIS, pU-a-inls, s. A pyramid.
PYRE, plre, S. A pile to be burnt.
PYRETICKS, pir-^t-iks, s. Medicines which cure
fevers.
PYRITES, p£-rKt5z, or plri£-tH s. 187. Fire-stone.
fcS» This word is accented on the second syllable by Dr.
Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Barclay, Baihy, and Penning;
and on the first by Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Mr Perry, and
F.ntick. Pyri'tes is the analogical pronunciation ; for as
the word is derived from the Greek *vt/mf>*nd the Latin
pimtes, (both with the accent on the penultimate, and
preserving the form of their originals,) it ought to have
the accent on the same syllable. — See Principles, No. 503.
PYROMANCY, plr-6-man-s<i, s. 519. Divination
by fire.
PYROMETER, plr-im-<5-t3r, s. An instrument for
measuring the expansion of bodies by heat.
PYUOTF.CHNICAL, plr-i-t£k-nt*-kal, adj. 530
Engaged or skilful in fireworks. ^
PYROTECHNICKS, pir-A-t£k-niks, s. The art of
employing fire to use or pleasure, the art of fireworks.
PYROTECHNY, pir-6-t£k-n^, s. The art of manag-
ing fire.
PYRRHIC, plr-rlk, J. A kind of dance in armour,
to quick time.
PYRRHONEAN, plr-r6-ni-an, adj. Embracing the
opinion of Pyrrho.
PYRRHONISM, plrirA-nlzm, s. Scepticism, univer-
sal doubt.
PYRRHONIST, plr^ro-nlst, s. A sceptic.
PYTHAGOREAN, pi-iAag o-n-'an, adj. Founder
on the opinion of Pvthagora*. — Soe Kuxopean.
PYTHAGOREAN, ptW/uig-A-rti-aii, s. A Pythago-
rean philosopher.
PYX, plks, s. The box in which the Host is kcp
by the Romanists. In Anatomy, the acetabulum, 01
hollow of the hip bone.
Q
1 O QUACK, kwak, v. n. 85, 86. To cry lik
a duck : to act the part of a boasting pretender to phy
sick or any other art.
QUACK, kwak, .s. A boastful pretender to arts whicl
he docs not understand ; a vain boastful pretender t<
physick, one who proclaims his own medical nbilitie
in 'publick places; an artful tricking practitioner ii
physick.
QUACKERY, kwak-kur-i, s. Mean or bad acts in
physick.
QUACKSALVER, kwak^sal-v&r, s. One who brag
of medicines or salves, a charlatan.
QUADRAGESIMAL, kwod ra-j&>-s£-miU, adj. 414
IxMiten, belonging to Lent,
QUADRANGLE, kw6d-rang-g], s. 414. A square
a sinur£ with four right angles.
Comprising
QUADRANGULAR, kwa-'lianigu-lur, adj. 414,
Square, having four right angles.
QUADRANT, kwa-drant, .?. 85. The fourth r«ut,
the quarter; the quart- r of a circle; an instrument
with which latitudes are taken.
fcj- It lias been observed in the Principles, No. 8%
fi, &c. that rt>, by articulating the a, gives it the deep
road sound equivalent to the diphthong an ; and that u,
receded by q, has exactly the same effect, 4H. This
evident from the sound of a in this and similar words,
hk'h, till lately, was always pronounced broad. Some
inovators have attempted to give the a in this word its
lender sound ; but the publick ear seems in opposition to
t, nor ought it to lie admitted. The broad sound is the
enuine Knglish pronunciation, as appears in every word
vhere it is succeeded by r. As this consonant, when ri-
al, or followed by another consonant, gives every a that
irecrdes it the Italian sound heard in father ; so, when
hese leters arc preceded by qu, or w, the a falls into the
iroad sound heard in water. Thus, as we hear bar, dart,
arrel, with the sound of the Italian a ; so we hear war,
nart, and quarrel, with the German a. Equator, rpui-
•er, and words ending with hard c, g,.f, have departed from
his rule ; but a sufficient number of words are left to in-
dicate plainly what is the analogy, and to direct us where
isage is doubtful.
QUADRANTAL, kwa-drau'tal, adj. Included in
the fourth part of a circle.
QUADRATE, kwa-dra!e, adj. 91. Square, having
four equal or parallel sides; divisible into four eqii.il
parts; suited, applicable.
QUADRATE, kwa-drate, s. 414. A square, a sur-
face with four equal and parallel sides.
To QUADRATE, kwa-drate, j). n. To suit, to be
accommodated
QUADRATICK, kwa-drat-lk, adj. 414. Belonging
to a square.
QUADRATURE, kw5d-ra-ture, s. The act <-f squar-
ing; the first and last quarter of the moon; the stale
of being square, a quadrate, a square.
QUADRENNIAL, kwa-dnJniru'-al, adj. Co
four years ; happening once in four years.
QuADRIBLE, kwftd-re-bl, aitf. 405. That may be
squared.
QUADRIFID, kw5d-dr^-fld, adj. Cloven into four
divisions.
QUADRILATERAL, kw5d-dni-lat-t3r-al, adj 414
Having four sides.
QUADRILLE, ka-drll/ s. 415. A game at cards.
QUADRIPARTITE, kwa-drlp-par-tlte, adj. 155.
Having four parts, divided into four parts.— See Biixtr-
tite.
QUADRIRF.ME, kw6d-drt*-ieme, S. A galley with
four banks of oars.
QUADRISYLLABLE, kwAd-dri-sIMu-bl, s. 414
A word of four syllables
QUADRUPED, kw6d-dru-p£d, s. An animal that
goes on four legs, as, perhaps, all beasts.— See dliHepctlcs.
QUADRUPED, kw&d-dr6-p£d, adj. Having four
feet.
QUADRUPLE, kw5d-dru-pl, adj. -Fourfold, four
times told.
To QUADRUPLICATE, kwa-dr&'pU-kate, v. a,
91. To double twice.
QUADRUPLICATION, kwid-drdi-pli-ka-r-h&n, t.
The taking a thing four times.
QUADRUPLY, kwiWidrii-plt^, adv. To a fourfold
quantity.
Qu/ERE, kw<i'r£, v. a. Latin. Inquire, seek.
To QUAFF, kwaf, v. a. 85. To drink, to swallow
in large draughts.
To QUAFF, kwaf, v. n. To drink luxuriously.
QUAKFKR, kwaf-fur s. He who quaffs.
QUAGGY, kwig-gti, adj. 85. i!83. Boggy ; soft,
not solid.
QuAGMiRE, kwag-mlre, s. A shaking marsh.
QUAIL, kwale, *. A bird of game.
QUAILPIPE, k wile-pipe, x. A pipe with which
fowlers allure quails.
Qr AINT, kwilit, a<lj. Scniimlous, miuuuh «xact»
QUA
416
QUE
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mt* 93, m«?t 95 — pine 10.5, pin 107 — no 162. movt }C,4,
ne.-it, petty ; subtilely excogitated, fine-spun ; affected,
foppish.
QUAINTLY, kwa'>t-l£, ado. Nicely, exactly, with
petty elt'uanee; artfully.
QUAINTNESS, kwant-n£s, S. Nicety, |>etty elegance.
I'o Qt'AKE, kwake, i;. n. To shake with cold or
fear, to tremble ; to shake, not to be solid or firm.
QUAKE, kwake, s. A shudder, a tremulous agi-
tation.
Ql'AKER, kwa-k&r, s. A sect of Christians that
arose near the middle of the seventeenth century, who
were so named from the trembling with which they
preached and prayed.
QUAKING-GRASS, kwa^klng-gras, s. An herb.
QUALIFICATION, kwol-ltMe-ka-shun, 5. That
which makes any person or thing fit for any tiling ; ac-
eoniplishinent ; abatement; diminution.
To QUALIFY, kwolM£-fi, v. a. 85. To fit for
any thing; to furnish with qualifications, to accom-
plish ; to make cabbie of any employment or privi-
lege ; to abate, to soften j to assuage ; to modify, to re-
gulate.
QUALITY, kw&lM£-t£, *. 86. Nature relatively
considered ; property, accident; particular efficacy ; dis-
]>osi!ion, temper; virtue or vice; accomplishment,
qualification ; character, comparative or relative tajik ;
rank, superiority of birth or station.
QUALITY, kwiUltS-ti, S. 86. Persons of high rank.
QUALM, kwam, i. 403. A sudden tit of sickness,
a sudden seizure of sickly languor.
QUALMISH, kwam-ish, adj. Seized with sickly
languor.
QUANDARY, kw5n-dair£, *. A doubt, a difficulty.
QUANTITIVE, kw&n-t£-tlv, adj. Estimable accord-
ing to quantity.
QUANTITY, kwin-t£-t<*, s. 86. That property of
any thinj which may be increased or diminis; cd; any
determinate weight or measure; brlk or weight; a
proponion, apart; a large portion; the measure of
time in pronouncing a syllable.
QUANTUM, kwoil-turn, *. The quantity, the a-
inount.
QUARANTINE, kw&r-ran-teen,' s. 112. The space
of forty days, being the time which a ship suspected of
infection is obliged to forbear intcrejnrse or comment:.
QUARREL, kw&r-lil, s. 86. 414. A br.:wl, a |H-ltv
fight, aseuffie: a dispute, a contest ; acausc of delutc;
objection, ill-will.
To QUARREL, kw&r-rll. v. n. 99. To debate, to
sciifHe, to squabble ; to fall into vnriar.ec; to fight, to
combat; to find fault, to pick obji eiion.-.
Ql'ARIlELLER, kwSr-rll-&r, i. 93. lie who quar-
rels.
QUARRELOUS, kwir-rll-fis, adj. Petulant, easily
provoked to enmity.
QUARRELSOME, kworMl-sum, adj. inclined to
! raw Is, easily irritated, irascible, clioicnvk, petulant,
QUARRELSOMELY, kw5r-ril-sfrn 1^, adt: In a
quarrelsome manner, petulantly, eholeriekly.
QUARRELSOMENESS, kwftKnUc&m-ua, s. o>o-
' Icrkkness, petulance.
QUARRY, k«6r-r^, j. 85. A fu,uare; game flown
at by a hawk; a stone mine, a pl.iee whc.ret.hcj dig
stones.
To QUARRY, kw&rir£, r. n. To prey upon, to dig
out stones.
QUARRYMAN, kwir-ri-min, *. 88. One who digs
in a quarry.
QUART, k\v3rt, *. 86. 4 1 4. The fourth |>art, a
quarter ; the fourth part of a gallon ; the vessel in which
strong drink is commonly leDiiled.
QUARTAN, kwor-tan, *. The fourth-day ague.
Qt'ARTATION, kwor-ta^sh&n, s. A chymical ope-
ration.
QUARTER, kworitftr, ,t. 86. A fourth part ; a re-
gion of the skies, as referred to the seaman's card; a
particular region of a town or country ; the place where
soldiers are lodged 01 stationed; proi>cr station ; remis-
sion of life, mercy granted by * conqueror ; treatment
S. The number
four.
shown by an enemy; friendship, amity, concord, in
this sense not used ; a measure of eiijht bushels.
To QUARTER, kwor-tCir. v. a. To divide into f:-ur
paits , 10 divide, to break by force; to divide into di.*
tinet regions; to station <>r lodge soldiers; to diti ; 10
bear as an appendage to hereditary arms.
QUARTERAGE, kwdriuir-idjf, s 90. A quarte -
ly allowance.
QUARTERDAY, kwor^turda, s. One of the four
days in the year on which rent or interest is p.iid.
QUARTF.UUKCK, kw6i-tQr-dek» . The short U]>per
deck.
QUARTERLY, kwori-t&r-le, adj. Containing a
fourth part.
QUARTERLY, kwor-tur-14, adt: Once in a quarter.
QUARTERMASTER, k\vdr-tftr-in& stur, s. One
who regulates the quarters of soldiers.
QUARTERN, kwoi't&m, i. 98. A gill, or the
fourth part of a pint.
QuABTERSTArF, k\v5ritur-stif, S. A staff of de-
fence.
QUARTILE, kwor-til, j. 14O. 14.5. AD aspect of
the planets, when they are three signs or ninety degices
distant from each other.
QUARTO, kwor-ti, s. A book in which every thoct
makes four leaves.
To QUASH, k\v5sh, t>. a. To crush, to squeeze ; to
subdue suddenly ; to annul, to nullify, to make void.
To QUASH, kwish, i;. n. 'I'o be shaken with a
noise.
QUATERCOUSINS, ka-t$r-kuz-znz,s. 415. Friends.
QUATERNARY, kwA-t£r-nar ^,
QUATERNION, kwa-ter-n^-un,
QUATERXITY, kwa-t^r-iMi ti,
QUATRAIN, kwa-trln, s. 202. A stanza of four
lines rhyming alternately.
To QUAVER, kwa'vur, v. n. 86. To shake the
voice, to si>eak or sing with a tremulous voice ; to tieia-
bio, to vibrate. — See Quadrant.
QUAY, ko. s. 220. A key, an artificial bank to tht
sea or river.
QUEAN, kw^ne, *. 8. A worthless woman, gene-
I rally a strumpet.
Qt'KAMNESS, kweiz£-n£s, s. The sickness of a
! naii>e:i cd stomach.
QlTKASY, kw^-z4, ad). Sick with nausea ; fatti-
. 'ions, squeamish; causing naus."OU5ness.
QlT.rx, kw^en, s. 8. The wife of a king, a su-
p-erne go .ernes*.
Tn QUEEN, kwe^n, v. n. To play the queen.
QUEENING, kwden-ltig, s. 410. An ap|Je.
; QUEER, kwiir, adj. Odd, strange, original, par-
j ticular.
i QuEl'.KI.Y. kweerrl£, adv. Particularly, od«Ilr.
QUEERNESS, kwWr-n^s, i. Oddnesj.jarticularity.
i Tn QuELL, kw&l, v. a. To crush, to sulxiue, ori-
! giually to kill.
, Ql'El.L. kw£I, s. Murder. Obsolete.
j QUELLER, kwt?i-lur, ». 98. One that crushes o»
! stilnlues.
! QUKLQUECHOSK, k^kishize, s. (French-} A
i trifle, a kickshaw.
' 2'o QUENCH, kw^nsh, v. a. To extinguish fire ;
to stili any passion or commotion; to allay thirst; to
destroy.
1 To QUENCH, Mr&tth, D. n. To cool, togrowrwA
Not in use.
Qt'ENCH ABLE, kw£nsh£&-bl, adj. That may bt
j quenched.
QUENCHER, kw£nsh-nr, s. 98. Extinguisher.
QUENCHLESS, k\v£nsll-l£s, adj. Unextinyu!>h;.|ilt.
QUEKENT, kw^-r^nt, s. The complainant, the
plaintiff.
QUERIMONIOUS, kwer-r^-mo'nti us, adj. (>uu-
ruloiu, cumpUiulug.
QUI
417
QUl
nor 167, nit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 17:} — oil '.'99 — pSuiul 313 — i/iin 466 THis 4(79.
QuiCKSIGHTED, kwlk-si-t£d, adj. Having a slurp
sight.
QuiCKSIGHTEDNESS, kwlk-sl-ted-ll^s, s. Sharp-
QuERLMONioesi.Y,
Querulously, coinplainingly.
udr.
, .
QUERiMONiousNKSS, kw3r-re-in&-n£-as-nSs, s.
A complaining temper.
J\ complaining if.Mpur. ness 01 signi.
QUERIST, kw^-rlst, s. An inquirer, an asker of QUICKSILVER, kwlk-sll-v&r, s. 98. A
questions. substance, mercury.
aistcoat.
QUERRY, kw£r-ri*, s.
QUERN, kv4rn, s. A hand mill. Obsolete.
QUERPO, kw^r-po, 5. A dress close to the body, a
A groom belonging to a
prince, or one conversant in the king's stables.
QUERULOUS, kwei-ru lus, adj. Mourning, habi-
tually complaining.
QuF.KUl.OUSNESS, kw£iira-lus-i!4s, s. Habit or
quality of comp'aining mournfully.
QUERY, kw<^re, s. A question, an inquiry to be
resolved.
To QUERY, kw£-r«K v. a. To ask questions.
QUEST, kw£st, s. Search, act of seeking ; an em-
pannelled jury; searchers, collectively; inquiry, ex-
amination.
QUESTANT, kw^s-tunt, s. Seeker, endeavourer
after. Not in use.
QUESTION, kwes-tshun, s. 464. Interrogatory,
anything inquired; inquiry, diquisilion; a dispute,
a subject of debate; affair to be examined ; doubt, con-
troversy, dispute; examination by torture; state of
,
being the subject of present inquiry.
To QUESTION, kwds-tshfr
debate by interrogatories.
v. n. To inquire ; to
To QUESTION, kwfeitshun, v. a. To examine one
by questions; to doubt, to be uncertain of ; to have no
confidence in, to mention as not to be trusted.
QUESTIONABLE, kw&itshun-iUbl, adj. Doubtful,
disputable ; suspicious, liable to suspicion, liable to
question.
QiiESTiONARY, kw&Ashun-&-r£, adj. Inquiry,
asking questions.
QUESTIONABLENESS, kw^sitshun-A bl-n&s, s.
The quality of being questionable.
QUESTIONER, kw&-ts!iun-tir, s. An inquirer.
QUESTIONLESS, kw£s-tshun-l£s, adv. Certainly,
without doubt.
QUESTMAN, kwSstiinin, 88. 7
, 1,2. * f S. Starter
QUESTMONGER, kwgsttmang gur, i
of lawsuits or prosecutions.
QUESTRIST, kw&s^trlst, 5. Seeker, pursuer.
QuESTUARY, kwds-tshu-l-n*, adj. Studious of
profit.
To QuiUBLE, kwlbibl, v. n. 405. To pun, to
play on the sound of words.
QUIBBLE, kwlb-bl, s. A low conceit depending on
the sound of words, a pun.
QuiBBLER, kwlb-bl- or, *. 98. A punster.
QUICK, kwlk, adj. Living, not dead ; swift, nim-
ble, done with celerity ; speedy, free from delay, ac-
tive, sprightly, ready.
QUICK, kwlk, adv. Nimbly, sj>eedily, readily.
QUICK, kwlk, s. The living flesh, sensible parts ;
plants of hawthorn.
QuiCKBEAM, kwlkU)£me, s. A species of wild ash.
To QUICKEN, kwlk^kn, t>. a. 1O3. To make
alive; to hasten ; to excite.
To QUICKEN, kwlkikn, c. n. To become alive.
as a woman quickens with child ; to move with activity.
QUCKENER, twlkMcn-ur, s. One who makes alive j
that which accel. rates, that which actuates.
QUICKLIME, kwlk-lime, s. Lime unquenched.
QUICKLY, kwlkM£, adv. Nimbly, spetdily, actively.
QUICKNESS, kwlk-nSs, s. SJKHX! ; activity; keen ,>^ ..,..„.,,....,.„ ,. — ...,». — ,
sensibility • sharpness on the first syllable of this word. M> opinion is, that it
rtiMrircAMn LwlL'cJnH t Mnvino »ml Mn.nli,! may have th'e accent either on the first or second, as the
QUCX.SAND, kwlk-sAnd, J. Moving sand, unsohd ,hythm of the phrase requires, aiM ; and this word, per-
ground. h.ips, requires it ofteiii r on the second than the first
To QUICKSET, kwlk-s£t, v. a. To plant with UT- QuiNTlLK, kwinUll, s. 140. An aspect of th«
ness of sight.
mineral
QUICKSILVERED, kwlkisil-vurd, ad}. 359. Over-
laid with quicksilver.
QUIDDIT, kwid-dlt, S. A subtilty, an equivocation.
QUIDDITY, kwld^-t^, s. Essence, that which is a
proper answer to the question, Quid est ? a scholastic^
term ; a trifling nicety, a cavil.
fcf- This is derived from the barbarous Latin word
Quidditas, and can be literally explained by nothing but a
word as barbarous in Knglish, lyluiMty.
QUIESCENCE, kwl-£s-s£nse, s. 510. Rest, repose.
QUIESCENT, kwi-£sis£nt, adj. Resting, not being
in motion.
QUIET, kwi-dt, adj. 99. Still, peaceable ; not in
motion; not ruffled.
QUIET, kwUdt, s. Rest, repose, tranquillity.
To QuiET, kwl^et, v. a. To calm, to lull, to |>acify •,
to still.
QUIETER, kwK£t-&.r, s. The person or thing that
quiets.
QUIETISM, kwi^t-lzm, s. Tranquillity of mind.
The doctrine of Quit'tists.
QuiETIST, kwi-^-tlst, s. One who follows the duo-
trine of Quietism, taught by Mo'inos, a Spanish prk-st,
and condemned by the Church of Home.
QUIETLY, kwi-^t-1^, adv. Calmly ; peaceably, at
rest.
QUIETNESS, kwi-£t-n§s, s. Coolness of tem]>er;
peace, tranquillity; stillness, calmness.
QUIETSOME, kwl-£t-SUtn, adj. Calm, still, undis-
turbed.
QUIETUDE, kwi-i-tude, s. Rest, repose.
QuiLL, kwll, s. The hard and strong feather of the
wing, of which pens are made; piick or dart of a por
cupinc ; reed on which weavers wind their threads.
QUILLET, kwll-llt, *. 99. Subtilty, nicety.
QuiLT, kwllt, s. A cover made by stitching one
cloth over another with some soft substance between
them.
To QUILT, kwllt, v. a. To stitch one cloth U|K»J
another with something soft between them
QUINARY, kwi-ni-ie, adj. Consisting of five.
QUINCE, kwlnse, s. A tree, the fruit.
QuiNCUNCIAL, kwln-kung-shil, adj. 408. Hav-
ing the form of a quincunx.
QUINCUNX, k wlng-kungks, S. Quincunx order is a
plantation of trees, disposed originally in a squa c, con-
sisting of five trees, one at each corner and a rif.h iu
the middle, which disposition, repeated again and ajjain,
forms a regular grove, wood, or wilderness.
J£5» As the accent is on the first syllable of this word,
it is under the same predicament as the first syllable of
Congregate.— See Principles, No. 408.
QUINQUANGULAR, kwiii-kwing'gu-lir, adj. 4O8.
Having five corners.
QUINQUENNIAL, kwlh-kweiwii-tt, adj. Lasting
imation in the
five years, ha
QUINSY, kwi
throat.
QUINT, klnt, S. A set of five ; sequent) of fiv
, happening once in live \ears.
wiiiizti, S. A tumid inflam
A term at cards, pronounced Kent.
QUINTAIN, kwin-tln, *. 208. A post with a turn-
ing top.
QUINTESSENCE, kwln-tes-sense, s. A fifth being ;
an extract from any thing, containing all its virtues in
a small quantity.
All our orthoepists but Dr. Ash place the accent
ing pi. aits.
QUICKSET, kwik-stk, i. Living plant net to grow.
, , .
planets, comprehending seventy-two degrees, or a liili>
part of the heavens.
QUO
418
RAC
59. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m4 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m5ve 164,
Qt'INTIN, kwln-tln, s. An upright post for the ex- To QUOTE, kw&te, v. a. To cite an author, or the
ereise of tilting. I words of another.
QUINTUPLE, kwln^tu-pl, adj. Fivefold. QuOTER, kwo^t&r, s. 98. Citer, he that quotes.
QuOTH, kwfWA, or kw6/A, verb imj>. Quoth I,
say I, or said I ; Quoth he, says he, or said he.
5^- Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston,
Mr. Nares, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Smith, pronounce the
in this word long, as in both ; but Buchanan short, as in
ninth. This Uuter pronunciation is certainly more agree-
QuiP, kvvip, 5. A sharp jest, a taunt.
Ql'IRE, kvvlre, s. A body of singers ; a chorus ;
the part of the church where tho service is sung; a
bundle of paper consisting of twenty-four sheets.
Ti> QuiRE, kwlre, v. n. To sing in concert.
QuilUSTER, kwlr-ris-tur, *. Chorister, one who
able to the gsneral sound of o before th, as in bro h, froth.
tt.frotn,
sings in concert, generally in divine service. i <*><*• &c- i but my ear fails me if I have not always heard
fc> There is a vulgar pronunciation of the first i in ! « pronounced like the o in doth, as if written k-wuth,
thisword, which gives it the sound of short e \ this sound | ™™ ?j2LEHSl2rt™?J:J' E1Pninston 6iv<* it, and,
Daily, happen-
is proper in q»tt$, where the r i< succeeded by a conso- \ '" my opinion, is the true one.
nant, but not in the woid in question, where this letter is QUOTIDIAN, kw6-tld-j<i in, adj.
succeeded by a vowel. — See Principles, No. 108.
QUIRK, k'w£rk, s. 108. Quick stroke, sharp fit ;
smart taunt; subtilty, nicety, artful distinction ; loose
light tune.
To QUIT, kwlt, ?>. a. To discharge an obligation,
to make even; to set free; to carry through, to dis-
charge, to perform; to clear himself of an affair; to
repay, to requite: to vacate obligations ; to pav an obli-
gation, to clear a debt, to be tantamount ; to abandon,
to forsake ; to resign, to give up.
QuiTCHGRASS, kwitsh-gris, s. Dog grass.
QUITE, kwite, adv. Completely, perfectly.
QuiTRENT, kwlt-r^nt, s. Small rent reserved.
QUITS, kwlts, inter). An exclamation used when
any thing is repaid, and the parties become even.
QUITTANCE, kwlt-tinse, s. Discharge from a debt
or obligation, an acquittance; recompense, repayment.
To QUITTANCE, kwlt-tinse, v. a. To repay, to
QUITTF.RBONE, kwlt-tur-bone, j. A hard round
swelling upon the coronet, between the heel and the
quarter of a horse's foot.
QUIVER, kulv-v&r, s. 98. A case for arrows.
To QUIVER, kwlviv&r, v. n. To quake, to play
with a tremulous motion ; to shiver, to shudder.
QUIVERED, kwlviv&rd, adj. 395. Furnished with
a quiver; sheathed as in a quiver.
QuODLIBET, kw6d-l»5-b£t, s. A nice point, a sub-
tilty.
QuoiF, kwolf, i. 415. Properly Coif. Any cap
with which the head is covered ; the cap of a serjcaut
at law — Sec Coif.
To QuoiF, kwolf, v. a. 415. To cap, to dress with
a head-dress.
QUOIFURE, kwolfiure, s. Properly Coiffure. Head-
dress.
QUOIT, kwolt, *. 415. Properly Coil. Something
thrown to a great distance to a certain point ; the (fit-
cits of the ancients is sometimes called ill English,
quoit, but improperly.
J£^- Till the orthography of a word is fixed, it will not
be easy to settle its pronunciation.
and niioU ought to be written coi . , .,
the derivation of the first from the French coeffe, and of
the second from the Dutch code; and if this be granted,
it will necessarily follow that we ought to pronounce ihem
Coif and Coit, 415.
To QUOIT, kwolt, v. n. To throw quoi's, to play
at quoits.
To QUOIT, kwolt, v. a. To throw.
QUONDAM, kw&n^dim, adj. Having been former-
ly. A ludicrous word.
QUORUM, kwoir&m, s. A bench of justices, such
a number of any officers as is sufficient to do business.
QUOTA, kwoiti, s. 92. A share, a proportion as
assigned to each.
QUOTATION, kwA-ta-sb&n, s. 415. The act of
on. That the words qrtioif
IN/* and ci4t, appears from
ing every day.
QUOTIDIAN, kwo-ild^-an, s. 224. 293. A quo-
tidian fever, a fever which returns every day.
QUOTIENT, kwo-shgnt, i. In Arithmetick, quo-
tient is the number produced by the division of the two
given numbers, the one by the other. Thus, divide 12
by 1, and 5 is the quotient.
R,
To RABATE, ri-batp/ v. n. In Falconry, to
recover a hawk to the fist again.
To RABBET, rib-bit, v. a. 99. To jiare down
pieces of wood so as to fit one another.
RABBET, rabMnt, *. A joint made by paring two
pieces so that they wrap o^er one another.
RABBI, ribiW, or rib^bl, ;
RABBIN, rib-bin,
The first of these words
S. A doctor among
the Jews.
when pronounced in
Scripture, ought to have the last syllable like the verb to
buy.
RABBINICAL, rib -bln^-kal, adj. Belonging to th«
Rabbins.
RABBIT, rib^blt, *. A furry animal that live»
on plants, and burrows in the ground.
RABBLE, rib-bl, *. 4O5. A tumultuous crowd, an
assembly of low people.
RABBLEMENT, rab-bl-m£nt, s. Crowd, tumultu-
ous assembly of mean people.
RABID, rib-bid, adj. 544. Fierce, furious, mad.
RACE, rase, s. A family ascending; family defcemt-
ing; a generation, a collective family; a particular
breed; Race of ginger, a root or sprig of ginger ; a par-
ticular strength or taste of wine; contest in running;
course on the feet ; progress, course.
RACEHORSE, rast-horse, s. Horse bred to run for
prizes.
RACEMATION, ris-si-maishun, *. 530. Cluster
like that of grapes.
RACEMIFEROUS, rls-s^-mlfie'r-us, adj. Bearing
clusters.
RACER, rase-&r, *. 98. Runner, one that contends
in speed.
RACINESS, ra-s£-n£s, s. The quality of being racy.
RACK, rik, 5. An engine of torture ; torture, extreme
pain ; a distaff, commonly a portable distaff, from
which they spin by twirling a ball , the clouds as they
are driven by the wind ; instruments to lay a spit on in
roasting; a wooden grate in which hay is placed fen
cattle ; arrack, a spirituous liquor.
To RACK, rik, t>. a. To torment by the rack ; to
torment, to harass : to screw, to force to perftirmarve;
to stretch, to extend ; to defecate, to draw off from the
lees.
To RACK, rik, v. n. To stream as clouds before
quoting, citation ; pa-sage adduced out of an author as
evidence or illustration.
}t;y- In this and similar words, Mr. Sheriilan, anil seve-
ral respectable orthoepists, pronounce the qu like i; but,
as Mr. Narcs jusilv observes, it is not easy to sav why. i r>""' •>'"'"" ^'- i»«i}ci»
It it be answered, "that the Latir.s so pronounced" thise ' RACKOON, rak-kuui ,' S. A New- England ammak.
tetter*, it may lie replied, that when we alter our Latin! like a ba<!ger.
pronunciation, it will lie time enough to aiter those Kng- ' RACK-RENT, rikirent, J. Rent raised to tho
lish words which are derived from that language-. I most.
the wind.
RACKET, rik-kit, S. 99- An irregular clattering
noise; a confused tnlk in burlesque language; (he in-
strument with wh ch players strike the balL
RAI
419
nor 1K7, nit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 17:5— oil 299— piund 313 — //mi 466 — THIS 469
RACK-RENTER, rak-r£nt-ur, ». One who pays the I To RAIL, rale, t;. n. To use insolent and reproach
uttermost rent.
RACY, ra-se, or/;'. Strong, flavorous, tasting of the soil
HADDOCK, rad-dtik, s. 166. A bird.
RADIANCE, ra-de-anse, or ra-ji-ause, 292, ~\
RADIANCY. ra-d^-an-si*, or ra-j^-in s£, 376. J
Sparkling lustre.
RADIANT, ra-dtj-ant. or raije-ant, adj. Shining,
briehtly sparkling, emitting rays.
To RADIATE, ra-d^-ate, or ra-j^-ate, v- n. To
cir.it rays, to shine.
UADIATION, ra-di-ai-shun, or ra-j^-a'sh&n, s.
5">4. Beamy lustre, emission of rays; emission from a
centre every way.
RADICAL, iad'-de-kal, adj. Primitive, original
ItADICALITY, rad-d4-kaU-e-t£, 5. Origination.
RADICALLY, rad^dti-kal-e, adv. OriginalU, pri-
mitively.
RADICALNESS, r3d-d<i-kal-n5s, 5. The state of be-
ing radical.
To RADICATE, radid£-kate, v. a. 91. To root, to
plant deeply and firmly.
R.-DICAT1ON, rad-^-ka^sh&n, 3. The act of fix-
ing deep.
RADICLE, rl3£di-ld, s. 405. That part of the seed
of a plant which becomes its root.
RAOISH, ridldlsh, s. A root which is commonly
cultivated in the kitchen gardens,
jr*?- This won! is commonly, but corruptly, pronounced
as if written rediiiih. The deviation is but small } nor
do I think it so incorrigible as that of its brother escu-
lents, A>i>aragtu, Cucumber, and lettuces which see.
RAD«US, raidtWis, or ra-j^-6s, 5. 293, 294. The
semi-diameter of acircle; a bone of the fore-arm, which
accompanies the ulna from the elbow to the wrist.
To RAFFLE, rafl-fl, v. n. 405. To cast dice for
a priii'.
RAFFLE, rififl, *. A species of game or lottery,
in which many stake a small part of the value of some
single thing, in consideration of a chance to gain it.
RAFT, rift, s. 79. A frame or float made by lay-
ing pieces of timber across each other.
RAFTER, raf-tur, $. 98. The secondary timbers of
the house, the timbers which are let into the great
beam.
RAFTERED, raf-turd, adj 359. Built with rafters.
RAG, rag, s. 74. A piece of cloth torn from the rest,
a tatter; any thing rent and tattered, worn-out clothes.
RAGAMUFFIN, rag-a-miil-tin, s. A i>aitry mean
fellow.
RAGE, ra<lje, s. Violent anger, Tenement fury ; ve-
hemence or exacerbation of any thing painfuL
To RAGE, radje, v. n. 74. To be in a fury, to be
heated with excessive anger; to ravage, to exercise fu-
ry ; to act with mischievous impetuosity.
RAGEFUL, radje-tul, tidj. Furious, violent.
RAGGED, ragig'id, adj. 99. 381. Rent into tat-
ters; uneven, consisting of parts almost disunited;
dressed in tatters; rugged, not smooth.
RAGGEDNESS, rag-gld-n£s, 3. State of being dress-
ed ill tatters.
RAGINGLY, raijing-14 adv. With vehement fury.
RAGMAN, ragiinan, s. 88. One who deals in rags.
RAGOUT, ra-g5o,/ 5. (French.) Meat stewed and
Highly seasoned.
RASSTONE, rig-stino, s. A stone so named from
ns Breaking in a rugged manner ; the stone with which
they smooth the edge of a tool new ground and left
ragged.
RAGWORT, rag-wurt, s. 166. A plant
RAIL, rale, s. 202. A cross beam fixed at the ends
ies of posts connected with
s enclosed; a kind of bin!;
in two upright posts ; a seri
beams by which any thing i
a woman's upper garment.
T<> RAIL, rale,
range in a hue.
f . a. To enclose with rails ; to
ful language.
RAILER, rale'&r, s. 98. One who insults or defames
by opprobrious language.
RAILING, railing, s. A series of rails ; repioaih-
ful language.
RAILLERY, ril-]£r-»5, s. Slight satire, satirical mer-
riment.
KJ» We must not suppose this word to be the offspring
of the English word rail, however nearly they may be
sometimes allied in practice. Raillery comes directly from
the French word raillerie ; and, in compliment to that
language for the assistance it so often affords us, we pro-
nounce the first syllable nearly as in the original. This,
however, is not a mere compliment, like the generality
of those we pav the French; for, were we to pronounce
the first syllable like rail, it might obscure and pervert
the meaning. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, 'Dr. Kenrick, Mr.
Nares, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Smith, pro-
nounce it as I have marked it.
RAIMENT, ra-m£nt, *. 202. Vesture, vestment,
clothes, dress, garment.
To RAIN, rane, v- «. 2O2. To fall in drops from
the clouds ; to fall as rain ; it Rains, the water falls
from the clouds.
To RAIN, rane, v. a. To pour down as rain.
RAIN', rane, s. The moisture that falls from the
clouds.
RAINBOW, rane-bA, S. 327- The iris, the semi-
circle of various colours which appears in showery wea-
ther, opposite to the sun.
RAINDEER, rane^dtier, .?. A deer with large horns,
which, in the northern regions, draws sledges through
the snow.
RAININESS, rane-£-n£s, s. The state of being
showery.
RAIXY,
, adj. Showery, wet.
To RAISE, raze, v. a. 202. To lift, to heave; to
set upright ; to erect, to build up ; to exalt to a state
more great or illustrious; to increase in current value ;
to elevate ; to advance, to prefer ; to excite, to put m
action; to excite to war or tumult, to stir up; toiouse,
to stir up; to give beginning to, as, he raised the fa-
mily; to bring into being; to call into view from the
state of separate spirits; to bring from death tolii'e;
to occasion, to begin ; to set up, to utter loudly ; to
collect, to obtain a certain sum; to collect, to assem-
ble, to levy; to give rise to; to raise paste, to form
paste into pies without a dish.
RAISER, raze'&r, s. 98. He that raises.
RAISIN, r^-zn, s. A dried grape.
J5^> If antiquity can give a sanction to the pronunch>
tion of a word, this may be traced as far back as the day*
of Queen Elizabeth. Falstaff, in the first part of Henry
I V. being urged by the Prince to give reajcru for his con-
duct, tells him, that if raisins were as plenty as black'
brrriet, he would not give him one upon compulsion,
This pun evidently shows these words were pronounced
exactly alike in Shakespeare's time, and that M r. Sheri-
dan's pronunciation of this word, as if written ray s'n, is
not only contrary to general usage, but, what many would
think a greater offence, destructive of the wit of Shake-
speare Mr. Sheridan has Mr. Scott, Mr.. Perry, and W.
Johnston on his side; and I have Dr. Kenrick and Mr.
Nares on mine.
RAKE, rake, s. An instrument with teeth, by which
the ground is divided; a loose, disorderly, vicious,
wi'd, gay, thoughtless fellow.
To RAKE, rake, v. n. To gather with a rake; to
draw together by violence; to «cour, to search with
eager and vehement diligence; to hea . together and
cover; to fire on a ship in the direction ot head and
stem.
To RAKE, rake. r. n. To search, to grope ; to pass
with violence ; to lead an irregular life.
RAKER, rake-ftr, s. One that rakes.
RAKFHELL, raktih£l, s. A wild, worthless, di.-*o-
lute, debauched fellow.
RAKEHELLY, rakt-hel-1^, adj. Wild, dissolute,
RAKISH, rake-lsli, adj. Loose, dissolute.
To RALLY, raWe, v. n. To put disordered or dls.
pcr>ed forces into order; to treat with satirical uierr>
menu
RAN
420
RAR
559. Fate 7:5, far 77, fall S3. fat 81 — m<* 93, m<k 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — 116 1 62, move 1 r>4,
To K.-vl.I.Y, ril-!£, v. n. To come again into or-
der ; to t xereise satirical merriment.
ll.\M, r.'.in, s. A male sheep; an instrument to
batter walls
To 1J.AM, ram. r. a. To drive with violence, as
with a battering ram ; to fill wiili any thing driven hard
topHher.
7') RAMBLE, riin'bl, f. n. 405. To rove loosely
and irregularly, to wander.
RAMBLE, ram-bl, s. Wandering, irregular excursion.
RAMBLER, rim-bl-fir, s. 98. Rover, waiKlerer.
RAMBOOZE, ram b53z.,' i. A drink made of wine,
ale, eggs, and sugar.
RAMIFICATION, ram-m£-fe-ka-shfan, s. Division
or separation into branches, the act of branching out.
To RAMIFY, rtmtuii-fl, v. a. 183. To separate
into branches.
To RAMIFY, rim-m£-fl, v. n. To be parted into
branches.
RAMMER, ramimur, s. 98. An instrument with
which any thing is driven hard ; the stick with which
the charge is forced into the gun.
RAMMISH, rimimish, adj. Strong-scented.
RAMOUS, ra-m&s, adj. 314. Branchy, consisting
of branches.
To RAMP, ramp, v. n. To leap with violence ; to
I- climb as a plant.
RAMP, ranrp, s. Leap, spring.
RAMPALLIAN, ram-pafyati, s. 113. A mean
wretch. Not in use.
RAMPANCY, ram-pan-s£, j. Prevalence, exuberance.
RAMPANT, rampant, adj. Exuberant, overgrow-
ing restraint; in Heraldry, Ram(iant is when the lion
is reared up in the escutcheon, as it were, ready to com-
bat with his enemy.
RAMPART, ram'pArt, 7
11AMPIRE, ramipjre, $* The pUtform of the wall
behind the parapet ; the wall round fortified places.
\l~- • Mr. Sheridan spells this word ram/iyr, and pro-
nounces the y in the last syllable short: but this is con-
trary to Dr. Johnson's orthography, and the pronuncia-
tion" is in opposition t<» analogy.— See Umpire.
RAN. ran, preterit of Run.
To RANCH, rinsh, v. a. (Corrupted ftom Wrench.}
To sprain, to injure with violent contortion.
RANCID, rin-sld, adj. Strong scented.
RANCIDNESS, rin^sld-n&s, 7 s. Strong scent, as of
RANCIDITY, ran-sid^-t£, $ old oil.
RANCOROUS, ring^kfir-us, adj. 314. Malignant,
spiteful in the utmost degree.
RANCOUR, raiig-kfir, s. 314. Inveterate malig-
nity, steadfast implacability.
RANDOM, rinidim, *. 166. Want of direction,
want of rule or method ; chance, hazard, roving motion.
RANDOM, r&i&luun, adj. Doue by chance, roving
without direction.
RANG, ling, preterit of Ring.
To RANGE, ranje, t>. a. 74. To place in order, to
put in ranks; to rove over.
To RANGE, ranje, v.ti. To rove at large; to be
placed in order.
RANGE, ranje, s. A rank, any thing placed in a
line ; a class, an order ; excursion, wandering ; room
for excursion ; compass taken in by any thing excursive.
RANGER, ranijir, * 98. One that ranges, a rover :
a dog that beats the ground ; an officer who tends the
game of a forest.
RANK, rin«k, adj. 408. High growing, strong,
luxuriant ; fruitful, bearing strong plants ; strong scent-
ed, rancid; high tasted, strong ui quality; rampant,
high giown ; gross, coarse.
RANK, ringk, s. Line of men placed abreast ; a
tow ; range of subordination ; class, order ; degree ol
dignity ; dignity, high place, as, lie is a man of Rank.
To RANK, rillgk, v. a. To place abreast; to
range in any particular class ; to arrange methodically.
To RANK, ringk, v. n. To be ranged, to be placed.
To RANKLE, rungk'kl, r. n. To fester, to breed
corruption, to be inflamed in body or mind.
RANKLY, rAngk-le, adv. Coarsely, grossly.
RANKNESS, rangk-n^s, s. Exuberance, superfluity
of growth.
RANNY, ran-n£, j. The shrewmouse.
To RANSACK, rln^suk, v. a. To plunder, to pil-
lage ; to search narrowly.
RANSOMK, ran-.^&m, s. 166. Price paid for redemp-
tion from captivity or punishment.
Jf^- I cannot conceive Or. Johnson's reason for writ-
ing this word with the final e, since it comes from the
French rancon, and all his examples are without this
letter.
To RANSOME, rinis&m, v. a. To redeem fiora
captivity or punishment.
RANSOMELESS, ran-sfun-l&>, adj. Freefrom ransom.
To RANT, rant, v. n. To rave in violent or high-
sounding language.
RANT, rant. s. High-sounding language.
RANTER, rint-ur, i. 98. A ranting fellow.
RANTIPOLE, rant^-p«ile, adj. Wild, roving, rakish.
RANULA, rin-uu-la, s. 92. A soft swelling, pos-
sessing those salivals which are under the tongue.
RANUNCULUS, ra-nCingMtfi-l&s, s. Crowfoot.
To RAP, rap, v. n. To strike with a quick smart
blow/
To RAP, rap, v. a. To affect with rapture, to strike
with eestacy, to hurry out of himself; to snatch away.
RAP, rip, s. A quick smart blow ; counterfeit half-
penny.
RAPACIOUS, ri-pa-sh&s, adj. Given to plunder,
seizing by violence.
RAPACIOUSLY, ra-pa'shus-le, adv. By rapine, by
violent robbery.
RAPACIOUSNESS, ra-pa-sh&s-n^s, * The quality
of being rapacious.
RAPACITY, ra-pAs^-t^, *. AdUictedness to plun
der, exercise of plunder ; ravenousness.
RAPE, rape, s. Violent defloration of chastity ; some-
thing snatched away ; a plant, from the seed of which
oil is expressed.
RAPID, rap-id, adj. Quick, swift.
RAPIDITY, ra-pid^-ti, s. Velocity, swiftness.
RAPIDLY, rip-id -It*, adv. Swiftly, with quick motion.
RAPIDNESS, rip-id-n£s, *. Celerity, swiftness.
RAPIER, ratp^-er, s. 1 13. A small sword used on-
ly in thrusting.
RAPIEB-FISH, ra-pti-£r-flsh, *. A sword-fish.
RAPINE, rip-in, s. 140. The j-ct of plundering ;
violence, force.
RAPPER, rap-p&r, s. 98. One who strikes.
RAPPORT, rip-pArt.' s . French. Relation, reference.
RAPSODY, rap^si di, *.
Jf5" A Rhapsody was originally the title of Homer's
Poems, and meant no more than a collection of several
smaller parts into one; but is now applied to any wild or
unco<w?ected effusions of imagination. As the r in the
Greek ' pa-v«.5.a has the rough breathing, thU word is bet-
ter written rhapsody.
RAPTURE, rapUshure, s. 461. Eestacy, transport,
violence of any pleasing passion; rapidity, haste.
RAPTURED, rip-tshiird, adj. 359. RavUhed,
transported.
RAPTUROUS, ripitsh&r-us, adj. 314. Ecstatic*,
transporting.
RARE, rare, adj. Scarce, uncommon ; excellent,
valuable to a degree seldom found ; thinly scattered,
thin, subtile, not dense ; raw, not fully subdued by t;.c
fire. — See Rear.
RAREESHOW, ra-re-shi, s. A show carried in a
box.
RAREFACTION, rir-r£-fak£sh&n, s. Extension of
the parts of a body, that makes it take up more 10. rr.
than it did before.
RAKKFIABLE, ririr£-fi-a-bl, ailj. Admitting r-re-
{action.
RAS
421
RAT
nflr 167, nSt 163 — tube 171, t&b 172, bull 17.°, — f>\\ 299— pound 313— t/tin 466 — THIS 469.
To RAREFY, rar-r£-fi, v. a, 183. To make thin,
contrary to condense.
To RAREFY, rar-re-fi, v. n. To become thin.
RARELY, rankle, adv. Seldom, not often ; finely,
nicely, accurately.
RARENESS, rare'n<?s, s. Uncommonness, value a-
rising from scarcity.
RARITY, ra-r^-te, s. Uncommonnest, infrequency,
a thing valued for its scarcity.
RARITY, rar-£-t<i, s. 530. Thinness, subtlety, the
contrary to density.
j£5" The difference in the pronunciation of these words
ts not only necessary to convey their different significa-
tion, but to show their different etymology. The first
comes to us from the French rarelc, and the last from
the Latin raritas ; which, therefore, according to the
most settled analogy of our language, ought to have the
antepenultimate syllable short. — See Principles, No. 511;
al«>, the word Chastity.
RASCAL, ras^kil, s. 88. A mean fellow, a scoun-
drel.
RASCALLION, ras-kal-yun, s. 113. One of the
lowest people.
RASCALITY, ras-kll^-t^, s. The low mean people.
RASCALLY, ras-kal-^, adj. Mean, worthless.
To RASE, raze, or race, v. a. To skim, to strike
on the surface: to overthrow, to destroy, to root up;
to blot out by rasure, to erase. — See Raze.
JtJ" There seems to be no small difficulty in settling
the orthography and pronunciation of this word. Dr.
Johnson advises, when it signifies to strike slightly, to
write it rase; and when it signifies to ruin, raze. What-
ever may be the utility of this distinction to the eye, the
ear seems to have made no distinction in the sound of the
i; as graze, which is evidently formed from this word,
and seems to have been adopted for the purpose of sig-
nifying to strike slightly, has preserved the 2 ; while e-
rase, which means to destroy, to expunge, to take away
entirely, is by all our orthoepists, except Dr. Kenrick,
pronounced with the i pure. But rase, whether signify-
ing to strike slightly, or to overthrow, has been so gene-
rally pronounced with the s like a, that most of our writ-
ers have adopted the latter character ; and this sound,
it may be observed, s< ems more agreeable to the analogy
of verbs in this termination than in erase., 457. 467. But
as nothing seems to be more fixed in the language, than
the sharp hissing sound of s in erase, so if analogy and u-
sage were to compound the difference, perhaps it would
be easier to bring rase to the sound of race, as Mr. El-
iihinston has done, than erase to the sound of erase, as
Dr. Kenrick has done : but to sound it with the hissing *
when it is written raze, as Mr. Sheridan has done, is a
solecism in pronunciation ; for though s often goes into
the sound of s, z never goes into that of t.
The confusion observable among our authors in this
word sufficiently shows how inconvenient it is to make the
same letters sound differently when a different sense is
conveyed. Dr. Johnson seems aware of this when he re-
commends a different orthography for this word, as it ac-
quires a different meaning; but he does not tell us whe-
ther r<w is to be pronounced like race or raze: nor do
any of our orthoepists make this distinction of sound ac-
cording to the sense. VVith great deference to Dr. John-
son, perhaps such a distinction, both in sound and spell-
ing, is unnecessary and embarrassing. The best way,
therefore, in my opinion, will be always to spell this word
with the 2, as in razor, and to pronounce- it with the z
when it is written rase. — See Btnal.
RASH, rAsh, adj. Hasty, violent, precipitate.
RASH, rash, s. An efflorescence on the body, a break-
ing out.
RASHER, rasWur, s. 98. A thin slice of bacon.
RASHLY, rash-It^, adv. Hastily, violently, without
due consideration.
RASHNESS, rashin<*s, s. Foolish contempt of danger.
RASP, rasp, s. A delicious berry that grows on a
species of the bramble, a raspberry.
To RASP, rasp, v. a. To rub to powder with a
very rough file.
RASP, rasp, s. A largo rough file, commonly used
to wear away wood.
HASPATORY, rasp-i.tur-£, s. A chirurgeon's rasp.
RASPBERRY, or RASBEURY, ra^bi5r-<i, s. A
kind of berry.
RASPBERRY- EUSH, rasib£r-r£-bush, *. A specie*
of bramble.
RASURE, ra-zhure, s. 452. The act of scraping
or shaving ; a mark in a writing where something ha*
been rubbed out. — See Itase.
RAT, rat, s. An animal of the mouse kind, that
infests houses and ships ; to smell a Rat, to be put on
the watch by suspicion.
RATABLE, ra-ta-bl, adj. Set at a' certain rate or va-
lue.
RATABLY, ra-tS-bl^, adv. Proportionably.
RATAFIA, rat-a-ft^-a, *. A fine liquor, prepared
from the kernels of apricots and spirits.
RATAN, rat-tan,' s. An Indian cane.
RATE, rate, $. Price fixed on any thing ; allow-
ance settled; degree, comparative height or value;
3uantity assignable ; that which sets value ; manner of
oing any thing ; degree to which any thing is done;
tax imposed by the parish.
To RATE, rate, v. a. To value at a certain price j
to chide hastily and vehemently.
RATH, ra//(, adj. Early, coming before the time.
RATHER, raTH-ur, or ra-TH&r, adv. More wil-
lingly, with better liking ; preferably to the other, with
better re;ison ; in a greater degree than otherwise ; more
properly ; especially ; to have Rather, to desire in pre-
ference, a b,id expression ; it should be, will Rather.
J£5" Dr. Johnson tells us, that this word is the compa-
rative of rath, a Saxon word, signifying soon, and that it
still retains its original signification ; as we may say, " I
would sooner do a thing, with as much propriety as, " I
would rather do it." Some very respectable speakers pro-
nounce this word with the first syllable like that in rd-ven ;
and Mr. Nares has adopted this pronunciation. Dr.
Ash and Bailey seem to be of the same opinion ; but alt
the other orthoepists, from whom we can certainly know
the quantity' of the vowel, as, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphin-
ston, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry,
Buchanan, and Entick, make it short. There is a pro-
nunciation of this, and some few other words, which may
not improperly be called diminutive. Thus, in familiar
conversation, when we wish to express very l-ttle, we
sometimes lengthen the vowel, and pronounce the word
as if written leetie. In the same manner, when rather
signifies just preferable, we lengthen the first vowel, and
pronounce it long and slender, as if written rayther ; and
this, perhaps, may be the reason that the long slender
sound of the vowel has so much obtained ; tor usage
seems to be clearly on the side of the other pronunciation,
and analogy requires it, as this word is but the old com-
parative of the word rath, soon.
RATIFIA, rat-^-ft^e,' s. A liquor, flavoured with
fruit kernels.
RATIFICATION, rat-t£-f<*-ka-sliun, *. The act of
ratifying, confirmation.
RATIFIF.H, rat-t^-fl-frr, s. 98. The person or thing
that ratifies.
To RATIFY, rat-t£-fJ, v. a. To confirm, to settle.
RATIO, ra-sht* 6, s. Proportion.
To RATIOCINATE, rash-<*-6s^-nate, v. a. To
reason, to argue.
RATIOCINATION, rash-£-5s-£-naish&n, s. 536.
The act of reasoning, the act of deducing consequences
from premises.
RATIONAL, rash'&n-al, adj. 5O7. Having the
power of reasoning ; agreeable to reason ; wise, judici-
ous, as, a Rational man.
RATIONALIST, rush-un-al-U£t, s. One who pro-
ceeds in his disquistions and practice wholly upon rea-
son.
RATIONALITY, rash-£-6-naW-t£, s. The power
of reasoning; reasonableness.
RATIONALLY, rash-un-al-^, adv. Reasonably, with
reason.
RATIONAI.NESS, rash-un-al-n^s, s. The state of
being rational.
RATSBANE, rats^bane, s. Poison for raU ; arse-
nick.
RATTEEN, rat-t^n,' s. A kind of stuff.
To RATTLE, rat-tl, v. n. 405. To make a quick
sharp noise with frequent repetitions ana collisions j to
speak eaKevly and noisilv.
2U
RAZ
422
REA
Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m£ 93, mh 35— pine 105, pin 107— no 162, rr.ove 104,
AZOR, ra-z&r, t. 166. A knife with a thick blade
and fine edge used in shaving.
AZORABLE, ra-zur-a-bl, adj. Fit to be shaved.
.AZORFISH, ra-zur- fish, 5. A fish.
.AZUHE, ra-zlmre, s. 484. Act of erasing.
.EACCESS, r^ ak-ses/ s. Visit renewed,
o REACH, nhsh, v. a. 227. To touch with th«
hand extended : to arrive at, to attain any thing dis-
tant; to fetch from some place distant and give; to
bring forward from a distant place; to holdout, to
stretch forth : to attain ; to penetrate to ; to extend
to ; to extend, to spread abroad.
'o REACH, ritsh, v. n. 352. To be extended ; to
be extended far ; to penetrate ; to make efforts to a>
tain ; to take in the hand.
LEACH, r^tsh, s. Act of reaching or bringing by
extension of the hand ; power of reaching or taking in
the hand; power of attainment or management; power,
limit of faculties; contrivance, artful scheme, deep
thought ; a fetch, an artifice to attain some distant ad-
vantage; extent.
no REACT, rt^-akt,' v. a. To return the impression.
lEACTION, r£-ak^sh?m, *. The reciprocation of
any impulse or force impressed, made by the body in
which such impression is made. Action and Reaction
are equal.
To READ, r^ed, r. a. pret. Read ; part. pas*.
Read. To peruse any thing written ; to discover by
characters or marks ; to learn by observation ; to know
fully.
To READ, r£ed, v. n. 227. To perform the act of
.erusing writing; to be studious in books; to know
>y reading.
, r£d, part. adj. 231. Skilful by reading.
IEADEPTION, r^-ad-^p-sliun, s. Recover^, act
of regaining.
HEADER, reed-ur, s. 98. One that peruses any
thing written ; one studious in bouks; one wK^se ofllea
is to read prayers in churches.
READERSHIP, r&ed-Qr-shlp, s. The offic» of read-
ing prayers.
READILY, r2d^dtU£, adv. 234. Expcdittly, with
little hinderanee or delay.
READINESS, r£d-di-nes, $. Expeilitenes*. prompti-
tude ; the state of being ready or fit for any tfling ; fa-
cility, freedom from hinderanee or obstruction ; state of
being willing or prepared.
READING, riid-Ing, *. 410. Study in books, per-
usal of books ; a lecture ; a prelection ; publick recit-
al ; variation of copies.
READMISSION, re-ad mlsh-iii, *. The act of ad-
mitting again.
To READMIT, r^-ad-mlt,' v. a. To let In again.
To READORN, ri-2-ddni/a, a. Todtxxrate again,
to deck anew.
READY, r£d'd£, a([j. 234. Prompt, not delaying;
fit for a purpose, not to seek ; prepared, accommodat. d
to any design; willing, eager; being at the point, not
distant, near ; being at hand ; next to h.iixl ; facile,
easy, opportune, near ; quick, not done with hesiration ;
expedite, not embarrassed ; to make Ready, to make
preparations.
READY, r£d-d£, adv. Readily, so a* not to need
delay.
READY, r<ld-d<ij S. Reedy money. A low word.
REAFFIRM ANCE, ri-if-ter-minse, s. Second af-
firmation.
REAL, re-il, arlj. Not fictitious, not imaginary ;
true, genuine ; in Law, consisting of things immovo
able, as land.
REALITY, r&-iU£-ti, s. Truth, what is, not what
merely seems ; something intrinsically important.
To REALIZE, re-al-ize, v. a. To bring into being
or act ; to convert money into land.
REALLY, r^-Al-^, adv. With actual existence ;
truly, not seemingly ; it is a slight corroboration of an
opinion.
REALM, r£lm, j. 234. A kingdom, a king'* domi-
nion ; kingly government.
REALTY, re-al-te, s. Loyalty. Little used.
To RATTLE, rAtitl, v. a. To move any thing so
as to make a rattle or noise ; to stun with a noise, to
drive wish a noise; to scold, to rail with clamour.
RATTLE, rit-tl, *. A quick noise nimbly repeated ;
empty and loud talk ; an instrument which, when agi-
tated, makes a clattering noise ; a plant.
RATTLEHEADED, rat-tl-h£d-£d, attj. Giddy, not
steady.
RATTLESNAKE, rat-tl-snake, *. A kind of serpent.
RATTLESNAKE-ROOT, rat-tl-snake-r66t, s. A
plant, a native of Virginia ; the Indians use it as acer-
tain remedy against the bite of a rattlesnake.
RATTOON, rat-toon,' s. A West-Indian fox.
To RAVAGE, rav-vldje, v. a. 9O. To lay waste,
to sack, to pillage, to plunder.
RAVAGE, ravividje, s. Spoil, ruin, waste.
RAVAGER, rav-vidje-5r, s. 98. Plunderer, «poiler.
RAUCITY, rawise-t^, s. Hoarseness, loud rough
noise.
To RAVE, rive, v. n. To be delirious, to talk ir-
rationally : to burst out into furious exclamations as if
in.i! ; to be unreasonably fond.
To RAVEL, rav^vl, v. a. 102. To entangle, to in-
volve, to perplex ; to unweave, to unknit, as, to Ravel
out a twist.
To RAVEL, rivivl, «. n. To fall into perplexity or
confusion ; to work in perplexity, to busy himself with
intricacies.
RAVELIN, ravMin, *. In fortification, a work that
consists of two faces, that make a salient angle, com-
monly called half-moon by the soldiers.
RAVEN, ra-vn, t. 1O3. A large black fowl.
To RAVEN, ravivn, v. a. 103. To devour with
great eagerness and rapacity.
fcj- After enumerating several derivations of this word
Skinner seems at last to have fixed on the true one, by de-
riving it from the word raven, as this bird is the most vo-
racious and greedy of all others.
RAVENOUS, ravivn-frs, adj. Furiously voracious
hungry to rage.
RAVENOUSLY, rav-vn-us-l£, adv. With raging
>oracity. •
RAVENOUSNESS, ravivn-&s-n£s, s. Rage for prey
furious voracity.
RAVIN, rav-In, s. Prey, food got by violence ; ra
pnciousncss.
RAVINGLY, raMng-lti, adv. 410. With frenzy
with distraction.
To RAVISH, rav-ish, v a. To constuprate by fores
to take away by violence; to delight, to rapture, t
transport.
RAVISHER, ravish ur, * 98. He that embrace
a woman by violence ; one who takes any thing by vio
lence.
RAVISHMENT, ravilsh-raSnt, *. Violation, forcible
constupration ; transport, rapture, pleasing violence o
the mind.
RAW, raw, or/;. Not subdued by the fire ; not cover
ed with the skin ; sore, immature, unripe; unseasoi
ed, unripe in skill ; bleak, chill.
RAWBONED, riwibAnd, adj. 359. Having bone
scarcely covered with flesh.
RAWHEAD, raw-lied, j. The name of a spectre, t
frighten children.
RAWLY, rawile, ado. In a raw manner ; unskilful!
newly.
RAWNESS, raw^n^s, $. State of being raw ; nnski
fulness.
RAY, ra, s. A beam of light ; any lustre, corpore
or intellectual; a fish ; an herb.
To RAY, ra, v. a. To streak, to mark in long line
Not used.
RAZE, raze, s. A root of ginger.
55" This word is generally pronounced like the nou
race, but improperly. It is derived from (he -Spanis
rat/:, a root, and should either be pronounced with the
or written ivi;h the c.
To RAZE, raze, v. a. To over brow, to ruin,
tubvurt ; to f flace ; to extirpate.—; ee liait*
REB
423
REC
nor 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THIS 4C>9
REAM, r£me, *. 227. A bundle of paper contain.
ing twenty quires.
To REANIMATE, r4-anine-mate, v. a. To revive,
to restore to life.
To REANNEX, rd-an-ne^ks,' v. a. To annex again.
To REAP, r£pe, v. a. 227. To cut corn at harvest ;
to gather, to obtain.
To REAP, r£pe, v. n. To harvest
REAPER, r£-pur, s. 98. One that cuts corn at
harvest.
REAPINGHOOK, r£-plng-h65k, *. A hook used to
cut corn in harvest.
REAR, rere, *. 227. The hinder troop of an army,
or the hinder line of a fleet; the last class.
REAR, r£re, adj. 227. Raw, half roasted, half sod-
den.
Jf5» This word is frequently, but corruptly, pronounced
as if written rare. But though rear, rhyming with/ear,
is the true pronunciation, we must not suppose it to have
the least affinity and signification with rear (behind). Ju-
nius and Skinner derive this word from the Saxon word
hrere, signifying_/Z«f«f or tretxblingYike the white or yolk
of an egg when unconcocted ; hence Junius explains the
phrase a reer-egg, a trembling egg ; and Skinner imagines
that this word may come from the Greek word 'fi», to flow,
because unconcocted eggs easily flow or move about; or
he supposes that our word rear, and the Saxon hrere,
may possibly come from the Latin rarus, as opposed to
dense, because eggs, when boiled, lose their fluidity, and
grow thick. This derivation of Skinner seems a little
too far fetched. Whatever may be its origin in the Sax-
on, it seems to have been used in that language for crude
and unconcocted ; from the Saxon it comes to us in that
sense; and, in my opinion, ought to be written as well
as pronounced rere.
To REAR, r£re, v. a. To raise up ; to lift up from
a fall ; to bring up to maturity ; to educate, to instruct ;
to exalt, to elevate ; to rouse, to stir up.
REARWARD, r^reiward, s. The last troop; the
end, the tail, ihe train behind ; the latter part.
REARMOUSE, rt*re-m<5use, 3. The leather-winged
bat.
To REASCEND, r£-is-s£nd/ v. n. To climb again.
To REASCEND, r£-as-s£nd,' v. a. To mount again.
REASON, r£-zn, s. 170. 227. The power by which
man deduces one proposition from another, or proceeds
from premises to consequences; cause, ground or prin-
ciple; cause efficient ; final cause; argument, ground
of persuasion, motive; clearness of faculties; right,
justice; reasonable claim, just practice; rational, just
account ; moderation ; moderate demands. — See Ilaisln.
To REASON, re-zn, v. n. To argue rationally, to
deduce consequences justly from promises; to debate,
to discourse, to raise disquisitions, to make inquiries.
To REASON, r^-zn, v. a. To examine rationally.
REASONABLE, r£-zn-a-bl, adj. Having the facul-
ty of reason ; acting, speaking, or thinking rationally ;
just, rational, agreeable to reason ; not immoderate ;
tolerable, being in mediocrity.
REASONABLENESS, ni'zn-a-bl-n5s, s. The faculty
of reason ; agreeableness to reason ; moderation.
REASONABLY, r&zn-A-bl£, adv. Agreeable to rea-
son ; moderately, in a degree reaching to mediocrity.
REASONER, r^-zn ur, s. 98. One who reasons,
an arguer.
REASONING, r^izn-In
REASONLESS,
s. 41O. Argument.
adj. Void of reason.
To REASSEMBLE, r£-as-s£m-bl, v. a. To collect
anew.
To REASSERT, r^-is-s^rt,' v a. To assert anew.
To REASSUME, re-as-sutne/ v. a. To resume, to
take again.
£5- ^^ Principles, No. 451, and the word Assume.
To REASSURE, ri-i-shure,' v. a. To free from
fear, to restore from terror.
To REAVE, reve, v. a. To take away by stealth or
violence.
REBAPTIZATION, ri-bap-te-za-shun, s. Renewal
of baptism.
To REbAITI/.E, rti-bap-tize,' v. a. To baptize again.
To REBATE, rebate,' v. a. To blunt, to beat to ob-
tuseness, to deprive of keenness.
REBECK, r&b&k, s. A throe-stringed fiddle.
REBEL, r£b-£i, s. 102. 492. One who opposes bw-
ful authority.
To REBEL, re-l>31,' v. n. To rise in opposition a-
gainst lawful authority.
REBELLEK, ri-b^l-lur, s. One that rebels.
REBELLION, r£-b£l-y&n, s. 113. Insurrection a-
gainst lawful authority.
REBELLIOUS, ri-b&'y&s, adj. Opponent to law-
ful authority.
REBELLIOUSLY, r£-b£l-yus-l<*, adv. In opposi-
tion to lawful authority.
REBELLIOUSNESS, r^-b£l-y&s-n3s, s. The quality
of being rebellious.
To REBELLOW, r£-b§Ulo, v. n. To bellow in re-
turn ; to echo back a loud noise.
To REBOUND, r£-b6und,' v. n. To spring back, to
fly baek in consequence of motion impressed and re-
sisted by a greater power.
To REBOUND, ri-bound,' v. a. To reverberate, to
beat back.
REBOUND, r£-bound,' s. The act of flying back
in consequence of motion resisted, resilition.
REBUFF, ri-b&f/ S. Repercussion, quick and sud-
den resistance.
To REBUFF, r4-buf/ v. a. To beat back, to oppose
with sudden violence.
To REBUILD, r^-blld/ v. a. To re-edify, to restore
from demolition, to repair.
REBIIKABLE, ni-bu-ka-bl, adj. Worthy of repre-
hension.
To REBUKE, r£-buke,' v. a. To chide, to repre-
hend.
REBUKE, r^-buke/ *. Reprehension, chiding ex-
pression, objurgation ; in low language it signifies any
kind of check.
REBUKER, rd-bWk&r, j. 98. A chider, a repro-
hender.
REBUS, r^-bfis, s. A word represented by a picture •
a kind of riddle.
To REBUT, rd-b&t^ v. a. To answer a sur-rejoinder.
REBUTTER, r^-but-tur, «. 98. An answer to a
sur-rejoinder.
To RECALL, r£-kSll,' v. a. To call back, to call a-
gain, to revoke.
RECALL, r^-kall,' s. 406. Revocation, act or power
of calling back.
To RECANT, ri-kant/ v. n. To retract, to recall,
to contradict what one has onee said or done.
RECANTATION, re-kan-ta-sti&n, s. 530. Retrac-
tion, declaration contradictory to a former declaration.
RECANTATORY, r^-kanita-to-r^, adj. 557. In
the manner of a recantation.
RECANTER, ri-kant-ur, s. 93. One who recants.
To RECAPITULATE, r^-ka-pltAsliu-late, v. a. 91.
To repeat again distinctly, to detail again.
RECAPITULATION, r£-k'a-p!t-ts>>u-la'shun, s. De-
tail repeated, distinct repetition of the principal points.
RECAPITULATORY, r^-ka-pit-tsliu-la-tur-^, adj.
512. 557. Repeating again.
To RECARRY, ri-kir-re, v. a. To carry back.
To RECEDE, re-s^ed," v. n. To fall back, to re-
treat ; to desist.
RECEIPT, rii-site,' s. 412. The act of receiving;
the place of receiving ; a note given, by which money
is acknowledged to have been received ; reception,
admission ; prescription of ingredients for any compo-
sition.
RECEIVABLE, ri-sd-vi-bl, adj. Capable of being
received.
To RECEIVE, r«*-s£ve,' v. a. To take or obtain
any thing as (hie; to take or obtain from another; to
take any thing communicated; to embrace intellec-
tually ; to allow ; to admit ; to take a.> into a vessel ; to
take into a place or state; to entertain us a guest.
REG
424
REG
• 559. Fite73, fir 77, fall 83, fAt 81— m^ 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 162, mJve 104,
RECEIVEDNESS, r£-s£iv£d-n£s, *. 365. General
allowance.
RECEIVER, r£-si*-v&r, *. 98. One to whom any
thing is communicated by another ; one to whom any
thing is given or paid ; one who partakes of the blessed
sacrament ; one who co-operates with a robber, by tak-
ing the goods which he steals: the vessel into which
spirits are emitted from the still; the vessel of the air
Rump, out of which the air is drawn, and which there-
ire receives any body on which experiments are tried.
To RECELEBRATE, r£-b£l-l£-brate, v. a. To cele-
brate anew.
RECENCY, r£-s£n-s£, 3. Newness, new state.
RECENSION, rd-s£n^sh&n, $. Enumeration, review.
RECENT, r£-s£nt, adj. New, not of long existence;
late, not antique : fresh, not long dismissed from.
RECENTLY, re-s5nt-ld, adv. Newly, freshly.
RECENTNESS, r^-s£nt-n£s, s. Newness, freshness.
RECEPTACLE, r&s^p-ta-kl, or r£-s£pitA-kl, s.
A vessel or place into which any thing is received.
ft5» The first of these pronunciations is by far the most
fashionable, but the second most agreeable to analogy and
the ear. So many mutes in the laiter syllables require the
aid of the antepenultimate accent to pronounce them with
ease, and they ought always to have it.— See Acceptable
and Corruptible.
The best way to show what is the general usage in the
accentuation of this word, will be to give it as accented
bv different orthoepists.
Rfc'eptacle • Mr. Sheridan, W. Johnston.
Recep' 'tacte - Dr. Johnson, Kenriek, Ash, Mr. Nares, Mr.
Smith, Perry, Scott, Buchanan, Barclay,
Penning, Bailey, Dyche, and Entick.
RECEPTIBTUTY, ni-s^p-t^-biW-t^, s. Possibility
of receiving.
RECEPTARY, r£s-s5p-ta-r£, s. Thing received.
Obsolete. — See Receptary.
RECEPTION, r£-s£p-shun, *. The act of receiving ;
the state of being received; admission of any thing
communicated ; re-admission ; the act of containing ;
treatment at first coming, welcome entertainment ; opi-
nion generally admitted.
RECEPTIVE, r£-s£p-tlv, adj. Having the quality of
admitting what is communicated.
RECEPTOBY, r£sis£p-tur-<J, adj. Generally or po-
pularly admitted.
|f5> Dr. Johnson and Mr. Sheridan place the accent on
thenrst syllable of this word, and on the second of decep-
tnry i but as these words are both of the same form, till
some reason can be given for accenting them differently,
I shall consider them both as accented on the first syllable,
as that accentuation appears to be not only most agreeable
to polite usage, but to the general analogy of words of this
termination — See Peremptory.
A view of the diversity of accentuation among our or-
thoepists will enable the inspector to judge of the pro-
priety of that which I have adop'ed.
Rec'eptary - Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Johnson, folioand quarto,
and Barrlay.
Recepftary • Dr. Ash, Mr. Scott, Scott's Bailey, Mr. Perry,
Penning, and Entick.
Refcptory - Dr. Johnson, folio, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Smith,
and Barclay.
Recep'tory - Dr. Johnson, quarto, Dr. Ash, Mr. Perry,
Barclay, Fenuing, Scott's Bailey, and En-
tick.
DfC'eptory -
Dccep'lory - Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Mr.
Perry, Barclay, Scott's Bailey, and Pen-
ning.
RECESS, r£ s£s,' s. Retirement, retreat ; departure ;
place of retirement, place of secrecy, private abode ;
remission or suspension of any procedure ; removal to
distance, secret part.
RECESSION, r<i-s4shian, s. The act of retreating.
To RECHANGE, re-tshanje,' v. a. To change again.
To RECHARGE, r^-tsharje' v. a. To accuse in re-
turn ; to attack anew ; among hunters, a lesson which
the huntsman winds on the horn when the hounds have
lost their game.
RECHEAT, r^-tsh£te/ S. A lesson which the hunts-
man winds on the horn, when the dogs are at fault, to
bring them back from pursuing a counterscent.
RECIDIVATION, ni-sid e-va-shun, s. Backsliding,
failing again.
A kind of
RECIPE, r£s^s^-p£, s. A medical prescription.
RECIPIENT, ri-slpip^-^nt, s. The receiver, thai
to which any thing is communicated; the vessel into
which spirits are driven bv the still.
RECIPROCAL, re-slpipr&.kAl, adj. Acting in vi-
cissitude, alternate: mutual, done by each to each;
mutually interchangeable.
RECIPROCALLY, r^-slpipro kAl-£, ado. Mutually,
interchangeably.
RECIPROCALNESS, r£-slpipri-kal-n£s, 3. Mutual
return, a! ternateness.
To RECIPROCATE, re-slp-pr6-kate, v. n. To act
interchangeably, to alternate.
RECIPROCATION, r£-slp-pr6-ka^sh5n, s. Alter,
nation, action interchanged
RECIPROCITY, n*s-£-pr5si«Ue, 3. A mutual return.
RECISION, r^-slzh-an, s. The act of cutting off.
RECITAL, r^-si-tAl, i. Repetition, rehearsal ; enu-
meration.
RECITATION, r£s-s£-ta-sh&n, s. Repetition, re-
hearsal.
RECITATIVE, res-s£-tA-te£v,' 7
RECITATJVO, res-s£-tA-t«*ev-6, £
tuneful pronunciation, more musical than common
speech, and less than song ; chant.
To RECITE, re-site/ v. a. To rehearse, to repeat,
to enumerate, to tell over.
To RECK, r£k, v. n. To care, to heed. Not in use.
To RECK, r£k, v. a. To heed, to care for. Out
of use.
RECKLESS, r£k-lds, adj. Careless, heedless, mind-
less.
RECKLESSNESS, r£k-l£s-n&, * Carelessness, negli-
gence.
To RECKON, r£k-kn, v. a. 103. To number, to
eount; to esteem, to account.
To RECKON, r£k-kn, v. n. 170. To compute, to
calculate ; to state an account ; to pay a penalty ; to
lay stress or dependence upor.
RECKONER, r£ki-kn-5r, s. 98. One who computes,
one who calculates cost
RECKONING, r£kikn-lng, s. 410. Computation,
calculation; accounts of deXor and creditor ; money
charged by a host; account taken; esteem, account,
estimation.
To RECLAIM, r£-klame,' ». a. 202. To reform,
to correct; to reduce to the state desired; to recall, to
cry out against ; to tamp.
To RECLINE, r^-kllne,' v. a. To lean back, to lean
sidewise.
To RECLINE, r£-kline,' v. n. To rest, to repo«e,
to lean.
RECLINE, r^-kllne/ adj. lu a leaning posture.
To RECLOSE, r^-kloze,' v. a. To close again.
To RECLUDE, r£-klude,' i;. a. To open.
RECLUSE, rd-klise,' adj. 4S7. Shut up, retired.
RECLUSE, rd-kldise/ s. A person shut up or letired.
RECOAGULATION, r£-ko-Ag-gi-laish&n, *. Se-
cond coagulation.
RECOGNIZANCE, rd-k&g-n^-zinse, *. Acknow-
ledgment of person or thing; badge; a bond of record
testifying the recognisor to owe unto the recognisce a
certain sum of money acknowledged in some court of
record.
55" For the pronunciation of g in this and the follow
ing words, see Principles, No. 3S7, and the words Cogni-
zance and Coniuance.
To RECOGNISE, r£k-kog-nlre, v. a. To acknow-
ledge, to recover and avow knowledge of any person or
thing ; to review, to re-examine.
RECOGNISEE, re-kig-n^-zet^/ S. He in whose fa-
vour the bond is drawn.
RECOGNISOR, rd-k&g-n^-zor/ ». He who gives th«
recognizance.
55" When this word is not used as a law UT-H, hut con-
sidered as the verbal noun of recognise, it ought *<i h»
silled recogniscr, and to have the accent an the 5nt sii-
lable.
REC
423
REC
n3r 167, nit 163 — tibe 171, tftb 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pofitid 313 !hhi 466 THis 4R9.
RECOGNITION, r^k-k&g-nlshi-in, «. Review, re-
novation of knowledge ; knowledge confessed ; acknow-
ledgment
To RECOIL, r<*-k3il,' v. n. 299. To rush back in
consequence of resistance; to fall back ; to fail, to
shrink.
To RECOIN, ri-koin,' v. a. 299, 300 To coin
over again.
RECOINAGE, r4-koln']dje, s. 90. The act of coin-
ing anew.
To RECOLLECT, r£k-kil-l£kt,' v. a. To recover to
memory ; to recover reason or resolution ; to gather
what is scattered, to gather again. — See Collect.
RECOLLECTION, r£k-k&l-]<5kish&n, s. Recovery
of notion, revival in the memory.
To RECOMFORT, r^-kfim-fart, v. a. To comfort
or console again ; to give new strength.
To RECOMMENCE, r<*-k6m-m£nse,' v. a. 531.
To begin anew.
To RECOMMEND, r3k-k5m-m£nd,' v. a. To praise
to another ; to make acceptable ; to use one's interest
with another in favour of a third person ; to commit
with prayers, 531. — See Command.
RECOALMENDABLE, r5k-k6m-m<lnd-a-bl, adj.
Worthy of recommendation.
RECOMMENDATION, rdk-k5m-m£n da-sbfin, *.
The act of recommending ; that which secures to one
a kind reception from another.
RECOMMENDATORY , r£k-k?>m-m£n-d;\-tftr-^, adj.
512. That which recommends to another — For the
last o, see Domeilick.
RECOMMENDER, r£k-k5m-m£nd-&r, s. One who
recommends.
To RECOMMIT, r£-k&m-m!t,' v. a. To commit anew.
To RECOMPACT, r^-kim-plkt/r. a. To join anew.
To RECOMPENSE, rikMc&m-$&iue, v. a. To re-
pay, to requite ; to compensate, to make up by some-
thing equivalent.
RECOMPENSE, r£k-k5m-p£nse, s. Equivalent, com-
pensation.
RECOMPII.EMENT, r4-k5m-pile-m£nt, s. 531.
New complement,
To RECOMPOSE, r^-k&m-poze/ v. a. 531. To
settle or quiet anew ; to form or adjust anew.
RECOMPOSITION, r<i-k&m-p6-zlsliian, s. Compo-
sition renewed.
To RECONCILE, r£k£k5n-sile, v. a. To compose
differences, to obviate seeming contradictions ; to
make to like again ; to make any thing consistent ; to
restore to favour.
RECONCILEABLE, r£k-k5n-sUla-bl, adj.
Capable
of renewed kindness ; consistent, possible to be made
consistent.
J£5» Though Dr. Johnson and Mr. Sheridan have writ-
ten reconcileable, unreconcileable, and reconcileabtcness,
with the mute e in the middle of these words, they have
omitted it in irreconcilable, irreconcilably, and irreconcil-
alileness. This h.is sometimes occasioned an impropriety
in the pronunciation of these words, by sounding the pre-
ceding i short, as in silver, and giving the words a syllable
more than they ought to have, as if divided into rec-on-
til-c-a-ble, <Sze.'but as the orthography is wrong, so is the
pronunciation. The mute e ought to have no place, when
followed by a vowel, in words of our own composition,
where the preceding vowel has its general sound ; and
therefore, as it is inclinable, desirable, &c. so it ought to
be reconcilable, reconcilably, &c. This was the orthogra-
phy adopted by Dyche, before it became so fashionable
to imitate the French. — See Moveable.
RECONCILEABLENESS, rek-k5n-si-la-bl-n£s, s.
Consistence, possibility to be reconciled ; disposition to
renew love.
RECONCILEMENT, r£k-k&n-sile-tn£iit, *. Recon-
ciliation, renewal of kindness, favour restored ; friend-
ship renewed.
RECONCILER, rdk-kin-sl-l&r, s. One who renews
friendship between others; one who discovers the con-
sistence between propositions seemingly contradictory.
RECONCILIATION, rdk-k&ll-s!l-»i a-shun, s. Re-
newal of friendship.
To RECONDENSE, nJ-k6n-d£nse,' v. a. To con-,
dense aao<«.
RECONDITE, r£k-k6n-dite, adj. Secret, profound,
alKtruse.
H5* l)i. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Barclay,
Mr Nares, Mr. Scott, Mr. Fry, and F.ntick, accent th'U
word on the second syllable ; Mr. Sheridan and Bailey on
the last; and Kenning only on the first. But notwith-
standing so many authorities are against me, I am much
deceived if the analogy of pronunciation be not decidedly
in favour of that accentuation which 1 have given. We
have but few instances in the language where we receive
a word from the Latin, by dropping a syllable, that we
do not remove the accent higher than the original, 503.
Thus, recondite, derived from rccondilus, may with as
much propriety remove the accent from the long penul-
timate, as carbuncle from carbunculus ; calumny from
calumnia ; detriment from detrimentum ; innoccncy from
innoccntia ; coniroi'ersy from controversial ; and a thou-
sand ethers. Besides, it may be observed, that Mr. She-
ridan and Bailey, by accenting this word on the last syl-
lable, do not decide against the accent on the first ; for
all words of three syllables which may be accented on the
last, may also have an accent on the first, though not in-
versely, 524. The antepenultimate accent, to which our
language has such a tendency, ought, in my opinion, to
be indulged in this word, notwithstanding the numerous
authorities against it. The word incondite must certain-
ly follow the fortunes of the present word ; and we find
those orthoepists who have the word, accent it as they do
recondite, Mr. Sheridan on the last syllable, but Mr. Fen-
ning inconsistently on the second.
To RECONDUCT, ri-k&n-d&kt,' v. a. To conduct
again.
To RECONJOIN, re-kSn-ioln,' v. a. To join anew.
To RECONQUER, rt^-ktSngikir, v. a. To conquer
again.
To RECONSECRATE, r^-k5nis^-krate, v. a. To
consecrate anew.
To RECONVENE, r4-kftn-v£»e/ v. a. To assemble
anew.
To RECONVEY, ri-kon-va,' v. a. To convey again.
To RECORD, re-kord^ <>. a. 492. To register any
thing, so that its memory may not be lost ; to celebrare,
to cause to be remembered solemnly.
RECORD, r£k-ord, or r4-k5rd,' s. Register, au-
thcntick memorial.
JfJ- The noun record was anciently, as well as at pre-
sent, pronounced with the accent either on the first or se-
cond syllable: till lately, however, it generally conformed
to the analogy of other words of this kind ; and we sel-
dom heard the accent on the second syllable, till a great
luminary of the law, as remarkable for the justness of his
elocution as his legal abilities, revived the claim this
word anciently had to the ultimate accent ; and since his
time this pronunciation, especially in our courts of jus-
tice, seems to have been the most general. We ought,
however, to recollect, that this is overturning one of the
most settled analogies of our language in the pronuncia-
tion of dissyllable nouns and verbs of the same form. —
See Principles, No. 49-!.
" Is registered in heav'n ; and there no duubt
" Have each their rrmnt with a curse annexed."
Corrper't Talk.
RECORDATION, r£k-6r-da-sh&n, s. Remembrance.
RECORDER, ni-kord-ur, s. One whose business it
is to register any events ; the keeper of the rolls in a
city ; a kind of flute, a wind instrument.
To RECOVER, r^-kuv-frr, v. a. To restore from
sickness or disorder ; to repair ; to regain; to release;
to attain, to reach, to come up to
To RECOVER, re-k&v-ur, v. n. To grow well from
a disease.
RECOVERABLE, r^-k&v-fir-a-bl, adj. Possible to
be restored from sickness ; possible to be regained.
RECOVERY, r^-k&v-ilr-^, s. Restoration from sick-
ness ; power or act of regaining ; the act of cutting off
an entail.
To RECOUNT, r£-k3unt,' v. a. To relate in detail,
to tell distinct!-..
RECOUNTMENT, rt*-kSunt-m3nt, s. Relation, re-
cital.
RECOURSE, r£-k6rse,' *. Application as for help
or protection ; access
RECREANT, rdk-kr«i-int, adj. Cowardly, mean
spirited; apostate, false.
REC
426
RED
K?- 559. Fate 73, far 77, /31I 83, fat 81 — m<5 93,
JV» RECREATE, r£k-kr£-ate, v. a. 531. Tore-
fresh aftci toil, to amuse or divert in weariness ; to de-
light, to gratify; to relieve, to revive.
RECREATION, r£k-kr<*-a-shun, s. Relief after toil
or pain, amusement in sorrow or distress ; refreshment,
amusement, diversion.
RECKKATIVE. r£k-kr^-a-tlv, adj. Refreshing, giv-
in<: relief after labour or pain, amusing, diverting.
RECREATIVENESS, r£k-kr£-a-tiv-n£s, s. The qua-
litv of being recreative.
RECREMENT, r£k-kr<*-m5nt, s. Dross, spume, »u.
perfluous or \iselcs« parts.
RECREMENTAL, r£k-kn*-m£n£tAl, > ..
•
RECREMENTITIOUS, r£k k
Hrossy, superfluous, useless.
To RECRIMINATE, re-krlmie-nate, v. n. To
return one accusation with another.
RECRIMINATION, r^-krim-i-na-sh&n, s. Return
of one accusation with another.
RECRIMINVTOR, re-krim^-na-tur, s. 521. He
that returns one charge with another.
RECRUDESCENT, r^k-krW-desi-s^nt, adj. 510.
Growing painful or violent again.
To RECRUIT, r£ kr66t,' v. a. To repair any thing
wasted by new supplies; to supply an army with new
men.
To RECRUIT, r£-kr65t/ v. n. To raise new sol-
diers.
RECRUIT, r^-kr6&t,' s. 343. Supply of any thing
wasted; a new soldier.
RECTANGLE, rek-tang-gl, 3. A figure which has
one angle or more of ninety degrees.
RECTANGULAR, rek-tang-gu-lir, adj. Right
angled, having angles of ninety degrees
RECTANGULARLY, r£k-tangigu-lar-le, adv. With
right angles.
KECTIFIABI.E, r£kit£-fl-a-bl, a/lj. 183. Capable
to be set right
RECTIFICATION, r£k-t£-f£-kaishun, s. The art
of setting right what is wrong; in chymistry, Rectifica-
tion is drawing any thing over again by distillation, to
make it yet higher or finer.
To RECTIFY, r£kite-fi, v. a. 183. To make right,
to reform, to redress ; to exalt and improve by repeated
distillation.
RECTILINEAR, r£k-t£-lln££ fir, 7 .
RECTILINEOUS, r£k-t,Uin^-&s, 5 "*
ing of right lines.
RECTITUDE, r^k-t^-t6de, s Straightness, not cur-
vity ; uprightness, freedom from moral obliquity.
RECTOR, r^ki-t&r, s. 4 1 8. Ruler, lord, governor ;
parson of an unimpropriated parish.
RECTORIAL, r£k-t<!^re-al, adj. Belonging to the
rector of a parish.
RECTORSHIP, r^kit&r-shlp, s. The rank or office
of a roc-tor.
RECTORY, nlkit&r-^, j. A rectory or parsonage is
a spiritual living, composed of land, tithe, and other
oblations of the people, separated or dedicated to (Jod
in any congregation for the service of his church there
and for the maintenance of the minister thereof.
RECUBATION, rek-kii-ba-shun, s. 53O. The act
of lying or leaning.
RECUMBENCY, i4-k&mM)£n-s£, s. The posture of
lying or leaning : rest, repose.
RECUMBENT, ri-kfimib&nt, adj. Lying, leaning.
RECUPERABLE, r£-ktk£p£r-a-bl, adj. Recoverable.
Obsolete.
RECUPERATION, ri-ki-p2r-a£sh?in, *. (From the
Latin rtcupero. to recover.) Recovery of a thing lost.
RECUPERATORY, re-kijip£r-a-tur'.^, adj. Belong-
ing to recovery.
RhCUPERATlVE. r£-kWp£r-a tlv, adj. (From the
Latin rtcupero.) Tending to recovery. •• And here
Dehold the recuperative principles of the constitution
anil eariUmjdate Parliament as the true source of lc"iti-
rnare hope."— (irattan's Anrxcr to Lord Clare, 1SOO.
To Uixuu, ri-kiir,' v. n. To come back to thought,
Consist-
Return.
m4t 95— pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 162, mSre 154,
to revive in the mind ; to have recourse to, to take i*-
fuge in.
RECURRENCE, re k&rir£nse, 7
RECURRENCY, r£-k5r-ren-s£,y
RECURRENT, rd-k&rirent, wij. Returning from
time to time.
RECURSION, r£ kur-slifin, *. Return.
RKCUUVATION, re-k&r-va-shfen, ) s. FIexur«
RECURVITY, r4-kur-v4-t4 J backwards.
RECURVOUS, r^-kfir-vfis, adj. Bent backward.
RECUSANT, re-ku-sunt, or r4kikii-zant,». A non-
conformist.
Jt^> I must in this word retract my former opinion,
and give the preference to the accent on the second sy liable.
Mr. Sheridan and W. Johnston might, like myself, sup-
pose usage on their side; but the authority of brs. John-
son, Ash, Kenrick, Mr Nares, Perry, Rarclay, Penning,
Bailey, Dyche, and Entick, is sufficient to make us sus-
pect that usage has not so clearly decided ; and therefore,
though some wordi of this form and number of syllables
depart from the accentuation of the Latin words from
which they are derived, as, ignorant, laboraitt, adjutant,
permanent, confident, Ac. yet the general rule seems to in-
cline to the preservation of the accent of the original,
when the same number of syllables are preserved in the
English word — to say nothing of the more immediate for-
mation of this word from the judicial verb to recuit. — See
Principles, Nos. -137. and 502, b and k.
To RECUSE, r^-kiizt,' v. n. To refuse. A judicial
word.
RED, r£d, ailj. Of the colour of btood, of one of the
primitive colours.
REDBREAST, r£d'br£st, s. A small bird so named
from the colour of its breast, called also a Robin.
REDCOAT, r£d-k6tf, s. A name of contempt for a
solnier.
To REDDEN, red-do, v. a. 103. To make red.
To REDDEN, r&d-dn, v- n. To grow red.
REDDISHNESS, I £d-dlsh-n£s, s. Tendency to red-
ness.
REDDITION, rSd«dlsli£&n, s. Restitution.
REDDITIVE, red^de-tlv, adj. Answering to an in-
terrogative.
REDDLE, r^d^dl, s. 405. A sort of mineral of th«
metal kind.
REDE, rede, s. Counsel, advice. Obsolete.
Tu REDEEM, r^-deim,' r. n. 246. To ransom, to
relieve from any thing by paying a price; to rescue, to
recover ; to make amends for; to free by paying an a-
tonement ; to save the world from the curse of sin.
REDEEMABLE, r^-de^m-i-bl, adj. Capable of re-
demption.
REDEEMABLENESS, r£-d££mia-bl-n£s, *. The
state of being redeemable.
REDEEMER, re-d^niifir, s. 98. One who ran-
soms or redeems ; our Saviour.
To REDELIVER, re-de-liv^Or, v. a. To deliver back.
RKUKUVERY, r£-d^-liv'-ur-£, s. The act of de-
livering back.
To REDEMAND, r£-dt*-mand,' v. a. To demand
back.
REDEMPTION, r£-d£mishun, s. 412. Ransom,
release ; purchase of Gixi\ favour by the death of Christ.
REDEMPTORY, r^ d^mitur-e, adj. 412. 512.
557. Paid for ransom.
REUGUM, r£d-gum, 5. A disease of children newly
born.
REDHOT, r£dih5t, adj. Heated to redness.
REDINTEGRATE, ri-din-tti -grate, adj. Restored,
renewed, made new.
REDINTEGRATION, r£-dln-t»* .gra-sh&n, s. Reno-
vation, restoration ; Rcdjnttgration, chymists call the
restoring any mixed body or matter, whose form has
been destroyed, to its foriner nature and constitution.
REDI.EAD, red-led,' s. Minium,
REDNESS, red-n&>, *. The quality of being red.
REDOLENCE, r£d^o-lense, 502, )
REDOLENCY, redii-len-si, { fc Sweet '"*•
REE
427
REF
nSr 1^7, n5t 163 — tube 171, tfib 172, bill 173 — 511 299— pound 313— t/t\n 466 — THis 469.
REDOLENT, red-i-lent, adj. 503. Sweet of scent.
To REDOUBLE, re-d&b-bl, v. a. To repeat often ;
to increase by addition of the same quantity over and
over.
To REDOUBLE, re-d&l/bl, v. «. To become twice
as much.
REDOUBT, re-d3it,' *. The outwork of a fortifica-
tion, a fortress.
REDOUBTABLE, re-dout-a-bl, adj. Formidable,
terrible to foes.
REDOUBTED, r^-dout^d, adj. Dreadful, awful,
formidable.
To REDOUND, re-dound,' n, n. To be sent back
by re-action ; to conduce in the consequence.
To REDRESS, re-dr£s,' v. a. To set right, to amend ;
to relieve, to remedy, to ease.
REDRESS, re-dres,' s. Information, amendment ;
relief, remedy ; one who gives relief.
REDRESSIVE, re-dres'slvjo^/. Succouring; afford-
ing remedy.
REDSHANK, red-shingk, s. A bird.
REDSTREAK, red-streke, s. An apple, cider fruit ;
cider pressed from the redstreak.
To REDUCE, r<i-diise' v. a. To bring back, obso-
lete ; to bring to the former state ; to reform from any
disorder; to bring into any state of diminution ; to de-
grade, to impair in dignity ; to bring into any state of
misery or meanness ; to subdue; to subject to a rule,
to bring into a class.
REDUCEMENT, re-dust-i-merit, S. The act of bring-
ing back; subduing, reforming, or diminishing.
REDUCER, re-dit-sur, s. 98. One that reduces.
REDUCIBLE, r^-du-se-bl, adj. Possible to be re-
duced.
REDUCIBLENESS, re-du-se.-bl-n£s, j. Quality of
being reducible.
REDUCTION, re-dQk-sh5n, s. The act of reducing ;
in Arithmetick, Reduction brings two or more num-
bers of different denominations into one denomination.
REDUCTIVE, r^-duk-tiv, adj. 157. Having the
power of reducing.
REDUCTIVELY, re~dukitlv-l^, adv. By reduction,
by consequence.
REDUNDANCE, r£-d&nid3nse, ? *• Superfluity,
REDUNDANCY, ri-d&n-iiiu-sA, £ superabundance.
REDUNDANT, re-dim£dint, adj. Superabundant,
exuberant, superfluous ; using more words or images
than are necessary.
REDUNDANTLY, re-dunAlint-l£, adv. Superflu-
ously, fuperabumlantly.
To REDUPLICATE, re-dfr-ple-kate, t;. a. To
double.
REDUPLICATION, r£-di-ple.-ka-shun, i. The act
of doubling.
REDUPLICATIVE, re dhiple-ka-tlv, adj. 512.
Double.
REDWING, r£.i-wlng, ». A bird.
To RE-ECHO, r«i £k-ko, v. n. To echo back.
REECHY, retsh-e, adj. Smoky, sooty, tanned.
REED, rWd, s. 246 A hollow knotted stalk, which
grows in wet grounds; a small pipe; an arrow.
To RE-EDIFY, re-«kM-fi, v. a. To rebuild, to
build again.
RKEDLESS, reed-les, adj. Being without reeds.
REEDY, reed^, adj. Abounding with reed*.
REEK, reek, s. 246. Smoke, steam, vapour ; a pile
of corn or hay.
To REEK, reek, v. n. To smoke, to steam, to e-
mit vapour.
REEKY, reek^e., adj. Smoky, tanned, black.
REEL, reel, s. 246. A turning frame upon which
yarn is wound into skeins from the spindle.
To REEL, reel, v. a. To gather yarn on" ihe spindle
To REEL, reel, v. n. To st.igger, to incline ii
walking, first U> one side, and then to the other.
IE-ELECTION, rtW-lek-sh&n, *. Repeated election
To RE-ENACT, re-en-akt,' p. n. To enact anew.
To RE-ENFORCE, re-e.ii forse,' v. a. To strengthen
with new assistance.
[IE-ENFORCEMENT, re-5n-forst-m£nt, s. Fresh
tance.
To RE-ENJOY, r^-e-n-joe,' v. a. To enjoy anew
or a second time.
To RE-ENTER, re-£n-t&r, v. a. To enter again,
to enter anew.
To RE-ENTHRONT., rd erW/jrAne,' r. a. To replace
in a throne.
RE-ENTRANCE, re-enUranse, s. The act of enter-
ing again.
REEIIMOUSE, re^r^mouse, s. A bat.
2'o RE-ESTABLISH, re-e-stabiblish, v. a. To es-
tablish anew.
RE -ESTABLISHED ri-i-stibUlsh-&r, s. One that
re-establishes.
RE -ESTABLISHMENT, re-4-stabi-Iish-ment, s. The
act of re-establishing, the state of being re-established,
restauration.
REEVE, re.£v, s. A steward. Obsolete.
To RE-EXAMINE, re~£gz-am-in, v. a. To examine
anew.
To REFECT, re-fekt/ v. 11. To refresh, to restore
after hunger or fatigue.
REFECTION, re. fek-sh&n,
Refreshment after
hunger or fatigue.
REFECTORY, rti-t'elt-t&r-^, or reY-ek-tir-£, s. 512.
Room of refreshment, eating-room. — For trie o, see
Do'aettick.
J£5» Almost all the Dictionaries I have consulted, ex-
cept Mr. Sheridan's, place the accent on the second sylla-
ble of this word ; and yet, so prevalent has the latter ac-
centuation been of late vears, that Mr. Nares is reduced
to hope it is not fixed Beyond recovery. There is, in-
deed, one reason why this word ought not to have the ac-
cent on the first syllable, and that is, the two mutes in
the second and third, which are not so easily pronounced
when the accent is removed from them, as the mutes and
liquids in accessory, c:msutory, desultory, &c. ; and there-
fore I am decidedly in favour of the accentuation on the
second syllabic, w'hich is adopted by Dr. Johnson, Dr.
Ash, Dr'Kenrick, \V. Johnston, Mr. Nares, Buehan;m,
Perry, Scott, Barclay, Bailey, and Entick, as all words
of this termination have the accent on the same syllable.
—See lltfractory, Peremptory, Corruptible, and Irrefra-
gable.
To REPEL, r£-f3',' v. a. To refute, to repress.
To REFEII, r£-f3r,' v. a. To dismiss for informa-
tion or judgment; to betake for decision ; to reduce
to, as to the ultimate end ; to reduce as to a class.
To REFER, re-fer.' v. n. To respect, to have rela-
tion ; to appeal.
REFEREE, rel-er-e-e,' s. One to whom any thing n
referred.
REFERENCE. r£f£fer-£nse, s. Relation, respect, al-
lusion to; dismission to another tribunal.
2'n REFERMENT, re-fer-m^nt,' v. a. To ferment
anew.
REFERHIBLE, r^-fer-re-bl, adj. Capable ol being
considered as in relation to something else.
To REFINE, re-fine,' v. a. To purify, to clear from
dross and excrement ; to make clegaut, to pol sh.
To REFINE, re-- fine,' v. n. To improve in point of
accuracy or delicacy ; togiowpure; to affect nicety.
RKMNEDLY, re-flnt^d-le, adv. 364. With af
fected elegance.
REFINEMENT, r£ fir.e-ment, s. The act of puri-
fying by clearing any thing from dross; improvement
in elegance or purity ; artificial practice; aficcutionof
elegant improvement.
REFINER, re-fi-nfir, s. Purifier, one who dean
from dross or recrement ; improver in elegance ; in-
ventor of superfluous subtiltics.
To REFIT, r^-fit,' v. a. To repair, to restore aftet
dMMWfr
To REFLECT, re-fleki,' v. a. To throw back.
KEF
428
REG
|rt?- 5.59. File 7:?, far 77, fill 83, fAt 81 — mi 93, m£t .15— pine 105, pin 107— ni 162, muve 1 64,
To REFLECT, r^-flcJkt/ v. n. To throw back light;
to benil hack : to throw back the thoughts upon the
past or on themselves ; to consider attentively ; to
throw reproach or censure ; to bring reproach.
RF.FLECTENT, ni-flikit<, adj. Bending back,
thing buck.
REFLECTION, r£-fl£k-sh&n, s. The act of throw-
ing back ; the act of bending back ; that which is re-
flected : thought thrown back upon the past ; the act
of the mind upon itself ; attentive consideration ; cen-
sure.
REFLECTIVE, ri-fl5k'tlv, adj. Throwing back i-
mages ; considering things past ; considering the ope-
rations of the minn.
REFLECTOR, r^-fl£k-t&r, i. Considerer.
REFLEX, r£-fl&ks, atlj. Thrown backward.
REFLEXIBILITY, ri-ftSks-i-biW-ti, s. The qua-
lity of being reflexible.
R.EFLEXIBLE, re-fl£ks^-bl, adj. Capable to be
thrown back.
REFLEXIVE, r£-fl£ksMv, adj. Having respect to
something past.
REFLEXIVELY, r^-fl£ks-Iv-l£, adv. In a backward
direction.
To REFLOURISH, n*-flur-Ish, D. a. To flourish anew.
To REFLOW, ri-flo,' v. a. To flow back.
REFLUENT, r£fiflfi-£nt, adj. 518. Running back.
REFLUX, ri-fliks, s. Backward course.
To REFORM, nUlonn/ v. a. To change from worse
to better.
To REFORM, ri-fSrm,' v. n. To grow better.
REFORM, ri-f<5nn,' s. Reformation.
REFORMATION, r£f-f3r-maishiii, 4. 531. Change
from worse to better.
REFORMER, r£-f5rmi&r, *. One who makes a
change for the better.
To REFRACT, r^-frakt,' p. a. To break the natu-
ral course of rays.
REFRACTION, r4-frik£sh&n, * The incurration or
change of determination in the body moved ; in Diop-
tricks, it is the variation of a ray of light from that
right line which it wouM have passed on in, had not
the density of the medium turned it aside.
REFRACTIVE, ri-frak-tiv, adj. Having the power
of refraction.
REFRACTORINESS, r£-frakiti\r-e-nes, 5. Sullen
obstinacy.
REFRACTORY, r£-frJkit&r-4, adj. Obstinate, per-
verse, contumacious.
fcj> All our orthoepists, except Bailev and Dyche,
place the accent on the second syllable of this word ;" and
•we need bat attend to the difficulty and indistinctness
which arises from placing the accent on the first syllable,
to condemn it. The mutes, e hard and /, are formed bv
parts of the organs so distant from each other, that, » ith-
out the help of the accent to strengthen the organs, they
are not very easily pronounced — to say nothing of the dif-
ficulty of pronouncing the substantive refracloriunt, and
the adveib refractorily, with the accent on the first sylla-
ble, which must necessarily be the case if we accent the
first syllable of this word. — See Corruptible.
RFFRAGABLE, rSMHUga-bl, adj. Capable of con-
futation and conviction.
£"?' In thU word there is not the same concurrence of
consonants as in the last, and, consequently, not the same
reason for placing the accent on the second syllable.—
See Irrefragable.
To REFRAIN, r^-frane,' v. a. To hold back, to
keep from action.
To REFRAIN, ri-frane/ v. n. To forbear, to ab-
stain, to spare.
REFRANGIBILITY, r£-fran-j<i-biW-tt*, s. Refran-
gibility of the rays of light, is their disposition to be
refracted or turned out of their way, in passing out of
one transparent body or medium into another.
REFRANGIBLE, ri-franiji-bl, adj. Turned out of
their course in passing from one medium to another.
REFRENATION, re»-lnUr.aish&ii, s. The act of re-
straining.
To REFRESH, r^-fr£sh,' v. a. To recreate, to re-
lieve after pain : tn improve by new touches any thing
impaired; to refrigerate, to cool.
REFRESHER, ni-fresh-ur, *. 98. That which re-
freshes.
REFRESHMENT, r£-fr£shim£nt, s. Relief after
pain, want, or fatigue; that which gives relief, as,
food, rest.
REFRIGERANT, re-frid-j£r-ant, adj. Cooling, mi-
tigating heat.
To REFRIGERATE, r£-frid-j£r-ate, u. a. 91. To
coo).
REFRIGERATION, r£-frld-j3r-aish&n, j. The act
of cooling ; the state of being cooled.
REFRIGERATIVE, re-frid-j£r-a-tiv, 512. 7
REFRIGERATORY, re-frid'j£r-a-t&r-£, 512. $
557. adj. Cooling, having the power to cool.
REFRIGERATORY, ri-fridfjdr-a t&r-e, s. The
part of a distilling vessel that is placed about the head
of a still, and filled with water to cool the condensing
vapours : any thing internally cooling. — See Domestic!.:
REFT, r£ft, jxtrt. of Reave. Deprived, taken away.
Preterit of Reave. Took away.
REFUGE, rSP-ffrdje, s. Shelter from any danger
or distress ; protection, that which gives shelter or pro-
tection, resource : expedient in distress,
To REFUGE, r&ftfudje, v. a. To shelter, to pro-
tect
REFUGEE, rSf-fii-jW,' s. One who flies to shelter
or protection.
REFULGENCE, ri-f&l-j^nse, s. Splendour, bright-
ness.
REFULGENT, r£-ful-j£nt, adj. 177- Bright, glit-
tering, splendid.
To REFUND, ri-f&nd/ v. a. To pour back ; to
repay what is received, to restore.
REFUSAL, ri-ftl-zal, s. 88. The act of refusing,
denial of any thing demanded or solicited; the pre-
emption, the right of having any thing before another,
option.
To REFUSE, r^-f&ze,' v. a. 495. To deny what \a
solicited or required ; to reject, to dismiss without a
grant.
To REFUSE, re-ftize/ v. n. Not to accept.
REFUSE, r£f-use, s. 437. 492, That which re-
mains disregarded when the rest is taken.
85" I have given the sharp and hissing sound to the t
hi this word, according to the analogy of substantives of
this form which have a corresponding verb, and imagine
I have the best usage on my side, though none of our or-
thoepists, except Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, and W. John-
ston, have made this distinction.
REFUSES, re-lu-z&r, s. 98. He who refuses.
REFUTAL, re-fii-tal, s. 88. Refutation.
REFUTATION, r£f-fu-taishun, s. The act of re-
futing, the act of proving false or erroneous.
To REFUTE, rtM'l'ite,' v. a. To prove false or er-
roneous.
To REGAIN, r£-gane/ v. a. To recover, to gain a-
new.
REGAL, r&gal, adj. Royal, kingly.
REGAL, r^'gal, s. A musical instrument.
To REGALE, r^-gale,' v. a. To refresh, to enter-
tain, to gratify.
REGALEMENT, rt*-galeim£nt, s. Refreshment,
entertainment.
REGALIA, {£-ga-l£-a, J. 92. 113. Ensigns of roy-
alty.
REGALITY, rd gaW-t£, s. Royalty, sovereignty,
kingship.
To REGARD, r^-gard,' v. a. 92. 160. To value,
to attend to as worthy of notice ; to observe, to remark ;
to pay attention to ; to respect, to have relation to ; to
look towards.
REGARD, r^-gard,' s. Attention as to a matter of
importance; respect, reverence; note, eminence; re-
sptvt, account; relation, refeieuce; look, asjiecl di-
rected to another — See Guard.
REG
429
REJ
nSr 167, n5t 163 — tube 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THi's 469
REGARDABT.E, rt*-gard-a-bl, adj. Observable,
worthy of notice.
REGARDER, re-gard-ur, s. 98. One that regards.
REGARDFUL, re-gircUfftl, adj. Attentive, taking
notice of.
REGARDFULLY, r<*-gJrd-ful-£, adv. Attentively,
heedfully; respectfully.
REGARDLESS, ri*-gard-l3s, adj. Heedless, negli-
gent, inattentive.
REGARDLESSI.V, r£-gard-l£s-l£, adv. Without heed.
REGARDLESSNESS, r^-garxWds-nfis, s. Heedless-
ness, negligence, inattention.
REGENCY, re-j^n-s^, s. Authority, government; vi-
carious government ; the district governed by a vice-
gerent; those to whom vicarious regality is intrusted.
To REGENERATE, r£-j£n££r-ate, v a. To repro-
duce, to produce anew ; to make, to be born anew ; to
renew by the change of carnal nature to a Christian life.
REGENERATE, r<*-jen-er-at, adj. 91. Reproduced ;
born inew by grace to a Christian life.
REGENERATENESS, re-j£n-£r-at-n£s, s. The state
of being regenerate.
REGENERATION, re-j^n-lr-a-sh&n, s. New birth,
birth by grace from carnal affections to a Christian life.
REGENT, r£-j3nt, adj. Governing, ruling ; exer-
cising vicarious authority.
REGENT, r£-j£nt, s. Governor, ruler; one invest-
ed with vicarious royalty.
REGENTSHIP, r&jent-shlp, s. Power of govern-
ing ; deputed authority.
REGERMINATION, r4 j5r-m£-na-shun, 3. The act
of sprouting again.
REGIBLE, red-j4-bl, adj. 405. Governable.
REGICIDE, r^dfj^-side, s. 143. Murderer of his
king ; murder of his king.
REGIMEN, r£d-j<i-m<ln, s. That care in diet and
living that is suitable to every particular course of me-
dicine.
ICj- The word or member of a sentence governed by a
rerb ; as, Evil communication corrupts good manners,
where good manners may be said to be the regimen, or part
of the sentence governed by the verb corrupts.
REGIMENT, red-ji-mSnt, s. Established govern-
ment, polity: rule, authority; a body of soldiers un-
der one colonel.
REGIMENTAL, r£d-je-m3nt-al, adj. Belonging to
a regiment; military.
REGIMENTALS, r£d-jt*-m3n-tulz, s. The uniform
military dress of a regiment.
REGION, r£-jun, ». 29O. Tract of land, country,
tract of space ; part of the body, within ; place.
REGISTER, r§d-jls-tftr, s. 98. An account of any
thing regularlv kept; the officer whose business is to
keep the register.
To REGISTER, r^d-jls-t&r, v. a. To record, to
preserve by authentick accounts.
REGISTRY, r&Ujls-tri, s. The act of inserting
in the register; the place where the register is kept, a
series of facts recorded.
Rl-'GNANT, r£g-nant, adj. Reigning, predomi-
nant, prevalent, having power.
To REGORGE, r^-gorge,' ?>. a. To vomit up, to
throwback; to swallow eagerly ; to swallow back.
To REGUAFT, rtJ-graf't/ v. a. To graft again.
To REGRANT, rA-grint,' v. a. To grant back.
To REGRATE, r^-grate' v. a. To offend, to shock ;
not used ; to engross, to forestall.
REGRATER, rii-gratci&r, s. 98. Forestaller, en-
grosser.
To REGREET, rS-grWt,' v. a. To re-salute, to greet
a second time.
REGREET, re-grWt/ s. Return or exchange of sa-
lutation.
REGRESS, r^-grOs, s. Passage back, power of pass-
ing back.
REGRESSION, rt*-gr5sh-un, s. The act of return-
ing 01 going back.
REGRET, r«*-gr5t,' ». Vexation at something past,
bitterness of reflection : grief, sorrow.
To REGRET, rt^-gr^t,' v. a. To repent, to grieve at.
REGUERDON, r£-g£r-dun, $. Reward, recompense.
Obsolete.— See Guerdon.
REGULAR, r£g-u lar, adj. 179. Agreeable to rule,
consisting with the mode prescribed ; governed bv strict
regulations; having sides or surfaces composed of e-
qual figures ; instituted or initiated according to estab-
lished forms.
REGULAR, r£g-U-l;\r, j. In the Roman Catholick
Church, all persons are said to be regulars, that pro-
fess and follow a certain rule of life, and observe the
three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
REGULARITY, r£g-U-lar£e-tt*, s. Agreeableness to
rule ; method, certain order.
REGULARLY, r4g-u-lar-l^, adv. In a manner con-
cordant to rule.
To REGULATE, r^giu-late, v. a. To adjust by
rule or method ; to direct.
REGULATION, r£g-u-la-shun, s. The act of regu-
lating ; method, the effect of regulation.
REGULATOR, reg£&-m-t&r, s. 521. One that re-
gulates ; that part of a machine which makes the mo-
tion equable.
To REGURGITATE, r£-g&r-j£-tate, v. a. To throw
back, to pour back.
REGUHGITATION, r^-g&r-j^-ta-shun, s. Resorp-
tion, the act of swallowing back.
To REHEAR, r^-h^re^ v. a. To hear again.
REHEARSAL, ri-h^r^sal, s. 442. Repetition, re
cital ; the recital of any thing previous to publick ex
hibition.
To REHEARSE, r£-li£rse/ v. a. To repeat, to re
cite ; to relate, to tell ; to recite previously to publick
exhibition.
To REJECT, r^-j^kt,' v. a. To dismiss without com-
pliance with proposal or acceptance of offer ; to cast off,
to make an abject ; to refuse, not to accept ; to throw
aside.
REJECTION, r£-jek-shun, s. The act of casting
off or throwing aside.
To REIGN, rane, v. n. 249. To enjoy or exercise
sovereign authority ; to be predominant, fc) prevail ; to
obtain power or dominion.
REIGN, rane, s. 385. Royal authority, sovereignty,
time of a king's government, kingdom, dominions.
To REIMBODY, r4-lm-b6d-£, v. n. To imbody again.
To REIMBURSE, re'-hn-b&rse,' r. a. To repay, to
repair loss or expense by an equivalent.
REIMBURSEMENT, r^-Irn-burse-inent, *. Repara-
tion or repayment.
To REIMPREGNATE, n*-lm-pr£g-nate, v. a. To
impregnate anew.
REIMI'RESSION, r£-Im-pr5shiun, s. A second or
repeated impression.
REIN, rane, s. 249. The part of the bridle wh:ch
extends from the horse's head to the driver's or rider's
hand ; used as an instrument of government, or for
government; to give the reins, to give license.
To REIN, rane, v. a. To govern by a bridle ; to
restrain, to control.
REINS, ranz, s. The kidneys, the lower part of the
back.
To REINSERT, ri-In-sSrt/ v. a. To insert a se-
cond time.
To REINSPIRE, r^-In-splre/ v. a. To inspire anew
To REINSTAL, r^-In-stall,' v. a. 406. 1o seat a-
gain ; to put again in possession.
To REINSTATE, r^-ln-state,' v. a. To put again
in possession.
To REINTEGRATE, r£-lnit5-grate, v. a. To re-
new with regard to any state or quality.
To REINVEST, r^-ln-vest/ v. a. To invest anew.
To REJOICE, r^-jStise;' v. n. 299. To be glad, ta
joy, to exult.
To REJOICE, r^-jo^se/ t>. a. To exhilarate, to
gladden.
REL
480
REM
559. FAteTS, fir 77, fall 83, lit 81 — m«i 93, m<5t 95— pin* 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 164,
REJOICKU, r£-ji4-s&r, t. 98. One that rejoices.
To REJOIN, r£-j5in,' i>. a. 299. To join again ; to
meet one .t^aiii.
7'« HKJOIN, rA-j<S]n,' v. n. To answer to a reply.
REJOINDER, ri-jilrAlfir, *. 98. Answer to a re-
ply : reply, answer.
To RKITEIIATE, r£-!tit£r-ate, v. a. To repeat
again anil again.
REITERATION, rWt-t^r-a-sh&n, s. Repetition.
To REJUDGE, ri-jndji-/ v. cu To re-examine ; to
review, to call to a new trial.
To REKINDLE, r^-klnidl, v a. To set on fire again.
To RELAPSE, ri-lAps*1/ v. n. To fall hack into vice
and error ; to fall back from a state of recovery to
sickness.
RELAPSE, re^-lapse/ *. Fall into vice or error once
forsakeu ; regression from a state of recovery to sick-
ness.
To RELATE, r£-latt,' v. a. To tell, to recite ; to
ally by kindred.
To RELATE, r^-late/ t;. n. To have reference, to
have respect to
RELATEK, r^-lait&r, t. 98. Teller, narrator.
RELATION, ri-la-shun, *. Manner of belonging to
any person or thing ; resjiect ; reference, regard ; con-
nexion between one thing and another ; kindred, alli-
ance of kin ; person related by birth or marriage, kins-
man, kinswoman ; narrative, account.
RELATIVE, r£l-a-tiv, adj. 158. Having relation,
respecting ; considered uot absolutely, but as respect-
ing something else.
RELATIVE. r£Ua-tIv, J. Relation, kinsman; pro-
noun answering to an antecedent; somewhat respect-
ing soircthing else.
RELATIVELY, re'lia-tlv-te, adv. As it respecu
something else, not absolutely.
RELATIVENESS, r£Ka-tiv-ii'£s, s. The state of hav-
ing relation.
To RELAX, nMaks/ v. a. To slacken, to make
less tense; to remit, to make loss severe or rigorous;
to make less attentive or laborious ; to ease, to divert;
to open, to loose.
To RELAX, ri-llks,' v. n. To be mild, to be re-
miss, to be not rigorous.
RELAXATION, r£l aks-aish&n, s. 53O. Diminu-
tion of tension, the act of loosening ; cessation of re-
straint; remission, abatement of rigour; remission of
attention or application.
RELAY, r<J-la/ s. Horses on the road to relieve others
To RELEASE, r£-Wse,' v. a. 227. To set free from
confinement or servitude ; to set free from pain ; to
free from obligation ; to quit, to let go ; to relax, to
slacken.
RELEASE, r£-l£se/ s. Dismission from confinement,
servitude, or pain ; relaxation of a jxmalty; remission
of a claim; acquittance from a debt signed bv the cre-
ditor.
7',. RELEGATE, r£He-gate, »>. a. To banish, to exile.
RELEGATION, r£l-<i ga-shun, *. Exile, judicial
banishment.
TD RELENT, r£-l2nt,' v. n. To soften, to grow less
rigid or hard ; to grow moist ; to soiten in temper, to
grow tender ; to feel compassion.
To RELENT, tt-Uatf v. a. To slacken ; to remit •
to a<.f tn, to mollify.
RELENTLESS, ni llnt-l&, adj. Unpitying, unmov-
ed by kindness or tenderness.
RELEVANT, r£l4-vlnt, adj. Relieving. — See Ir-
relevant.
f.rl*, v« LUC LMlUII TCtCVO.
eertmi ; and that rdetttnt in this sense seems nearly the
.me ai relative or , elated. To say nothing of the imi.ro-
iitty ol introducing teduiical wurd» in a general auem-
My of the nation, it may be observed, that using the word
ili'this sense, which is that which it generally has hi our
parliamentary debates, tends tooverlurn the mo>t sett ltd
meaning of words, and, instead of precision and accuracy,
to create obscurity and confusion.
RELEVATION, r£l-4-va-shun, s. A raising or lift-
ing up.
RELIANCE, ri-H-anse, *. Trust, dependence, con-
fidencc.
RELICK, r£l-lk, *. That which remains, that which
is left after the loss or decay of the rest ; it is gene-rally
used in the plural ; it is often taken for the body de-
serted by ttie soul ; that which is kept in memory of
another with a kind of religious veneration.
RELICT, r£l-lkt. i. A widow, a wife desolate by the
death of her husband.
RELIEF, r£-!WfJ' s. 275. The prominence of a 6-
iriire in stone or metal, the seeming prominence of a
picture ; the recommendation of anv thing by the in-
U-rposition of something different; alleviation of cala-
mity, mitigation of pain or sorrow; that which frees
from pa:n or sorrow ; dismission of a sentinel from his
post; legal remedy of wrongs.
RhLIF.VABLE, r£-leev-«\-bl, adj. Capable of relief.
To RELIEVE, re -lHvf v. a. To supi>ort, toa^ut;
to ease pain or sorrow; to succour by assistance; to
set a sentinel at rest, by placing another on his post ; te
right by law.
RELIEVER, r^-leev-6r, *. One that relieve*.
RELIEVO, re-l<5ev£6, s. The prominence of a figure
or picture.
To RELIGHT, rl-Ute{ v. a. 393. To light anew.
RELIGION, ni-lid-jun, s. 290. Virtue, as founded
upon reverence of Hod, and expectation of future re-
wards and punishments ; a system of Divine faith ami
worship, as opposite to others.
RELIGIONIST, r^-HdijOn-ist, s. A bigot to any re-
ligious persuasion.
RELIGIOUS, r^-lidijus, adj. Pious, deposed to the
duties of religion, teaching religion ; among the Ro-
manists, bound by the vows of poverty, chastity, and
obedience ; exact, strict.
RELIGIOUSLY, ri-Od&j&s-U, adv. Piously, with
obedience to the dictates of religion ; according to the
rites of religion : reverently, with venerauou ; exactly,
wilh strict observance.
RELIGIOUSNESS, r& lid-jJis-n£s, s. The quality or
state of being religious.
To RELINQUISH, r^-llngikwish, t;. a. 4O8. To
forsake, to abandon : to quit, to release, to give up.
REI.INQUISHMENT, r£-ling£kwish-m£ut, s. 408.
The act of forsaking.
RELISH, r£l-llsh, *. Taste, the effect of a<iy thing
on the palate ; it is commonly used of a pleasing taste,
small quantity just perceptible; liking, delight in diiy
thing, sense, power of perceiving excellence, taste.
To RELISH, r&l-lsh, v. a. To give a taste to any
thing; to taste, to have a liking.
To RELISH, r^l-isll, v. n. To have a pleasing tatte;
to give pleasure; to have a flavour.
RELISHABLE, nM-lsh-a-bl, adj. Having a relish.
To RELIVE, r^-liv,' v. n. To revive, to live anew.
To RELOVE, ri-luv/ v. a. To love in return.
llEH'CENT, rti-lll-s£nt, adj. Shining, transparent.
RELUCTANCE, re-lQki-tunse, ? *. Unwillingness,
REI.UCTANCY, r<*-h\kitan-s^, V repugnance.
RELUCTANT, r^-lCik-tant, ail;. Unwill.ng, acting
with repugnance.
RELUCTATION, r£l luk-ta^sh&n, *. 53O. Repug.
nance, resistance.
To RELUME, re-lbim-/ v. a. To light anew, to
rekindle.
To RELUMINE, nJ-lWmln, t;. a. To light anew.
To RELY, re-li/ v. n. To lean upon with confidence,
to put trust in, to rest upon, to dejiend upon.
To REMAIN, r^-mane,' v. n. To be left out of a
greater quantity or number; to continue, to endure»
to be left ; to be left as not comprised.
REMAIN, re-inane,' s. '20"2. Iltla-k, that which it
REM
431
REM
n3r 167, n5t 163 — t&be 171, tub 172, bull 173 — Ml 299 — pound 313 — tli\n 466 — THIS 469.
left, generally used in the plural; the body left by the
soul.
REMAINDER, r^-mane-cl&r, j. What is left; the
tody when the soul is departed ; remains.
To REMAKE, r^-makt^ t>. a. To make anew.
TV REMAND, rti-mand,' v. a. 79. To send back,
to call back.
HEMANENT, r5m-ma-n3nt, s. The part remain-
ing.
}tjT- I place the accent on the first syllable of this
word", for the same reason as in permanent : the a in both
remanco and permaneo is short, if that bo any rule. — See
Principles, No. 503, e. It is highly probable that rem-
nant is but an abbreviation of the present word.
REMARK, r^-mark/ s. 78. Observation, note, no-
tice taken.
To REMARK, remark,' v. a. To note, to observe;
to distinguish, to point out, to mark.
REMARKABLE, re-markia-bl, adj. Observable,
worthy of note.
REMAHKABLENF.SS, re-mark-a-bl-n^s, *. Obser-
vablcncss, worthiness of observation.
REMARKABLY, re-mark-i-bl^, adv. Observably,
in a manner worthy of observation.
REMARKEK, r^-niark-ur, $. 98. Observer, one
that remarks.
REMEDIABLE, r£-m£-d^-a-bl, adj. Capable of re-
medy.
REMEDIATE, r«*-m4-d&-at, adj. 91. Medicinal,
affording a remedy.
REMEDILESS, r£m-me-d£-13s, adj. Not admitting
remedy, irreparable, cureless.
Jf5» Spenser and Milton place the accent upon the se-
cond syllable of this word; and as Mr. Nares observes,
ed to a word accented on the antepenult, throws the ac-
cent to the fourth syllable from the end." With great
respect to Mr. Nares's opinion on this subject, 1 should
think a much easier and more general rule might be laid
down for all words of this kind, which is, that those
words which take the Saxon terminations after them, as
er, less, ness, less?iess, ly, &c. preserve the accent of the
radical word ; therefore this and the following word ought
to have the same accent as remedy, from which they are
formed.— See Principles, No. 489. 501.
REMEDILESSNESS, rlm-«i-d^-l&-nls, s. Incura-
bleness.
REMEDY, r£m-m4-de, *. A medicine by which a-
ny illness is cured: cure of any uneasiness ; that \vhirh
counteracts any evil; reparation, means of repairing
any hurt.
To REMEDY, r£m-m£-d^, v. a. To cure, to heal ;
to repair or remove* mischief.
To REMEMBER, r^-m£inU>fir, v. a. To bear in
mind any thing ; to recollect, to call to mind ; to men-
tion, to put in mind, to force to recollect, to remind.
REMEMBERER, rd-m&n-bur-frr, s. One who re-
members.
REMEMBRANCE, r£-m£mibranse, s. Retention in
memory; recollection, revival of any idea; account
preserved; memorial; a token by which any one is
kept in the memory.
REMEMBRANCER, r^-in&nibran-sfir, s. One that
reminds, one that puts in mind ; an officer of the Ex-
chequer.
To R EMIGRATE, r£m-£-grate, t>. n. .513. Tore-
move back again,
REMIGRATION, r3m-£ graish&n, *. Hemoval
bock again.
To REMIND, r£-mlnd/ v. a. To put in mind, to
force to remember.
REMINISCENCE, i£m-m£-nlsis£nse, *. 510. Re-
collection, recovery of ideas.
REMINISCENTIAL, r£ni-m£-nls-s£n£shal, adj. Re-
lating to reminiscence.
RKMISS, r^-mls,' adj. Slack ; slothful ; not intense.
REMISSIBLE, rd-misi-se-bl, adj. 509. Admitting
forgiveness.
REMISSION, rti-nmh-Cin, t. Abatement, relaxa-
tion; cessation of inten<cness ; in Physick, Remission
is when a distemper abates, but does not go quite off
before it returns again ; release; forgiveness, pardon.
RliMISSLY, r<i-mls-l£, adv. Carelessly, negligently ;
slack! y.
RF.MISSNESS, rt*-mls-n£s, s. Carelessness, negligence.
To REMIT, r£-m!t,' v. a. To relax ; to forgive a
punishment ; to pardon a fault ; to resign ; to refer ; to
put again in custody ; to send money to a distant place.
To REMIT, re-mit,' v. 71. To slacken, to grow IPSJ
intense ; to abate by growing less eager ; in Physic, to
grow by intervals less violent.
REMITMENT, re-mltiment, s. The act of remit-
ting to custody.
REMITTANCE, r^-mltitanse, *. The act of raying
money at a distant place ; sum sent to a distant place.
REMITTER, r^-mltitfir, s. 98. In Common Law,
I a restitution of one that hath two titles to lands or te-
nements, and is seised of them by his latter title, unto
his title that is more ancient, in case where the latter is
defective.
REMNANT, r§m-nint, s. Residue, that which is left.
REMNANT, rSm-nant, adj. Remaining, yet left
REMOLTEN, rA-militn, part. 103. Melted again.
REMONSTRANCE, re-mSn£stranse, s. Show, dis-
covery ; not used ; strong representation.
To REMONSTRATE, re-mo n-strate, v. n. To make
a strong representation, to show reasons.
REMORA, r£m-6-ra, s. 92. 503. A let or obsta-
cle ; a fish or kind of worm that sticks to ships and re-
tards their passage through the water.
REMORSE, r^-morsc,' or r£-m6rse/ *. Pain ot
guilt ; anguish of a guilty conscience.
(£5» Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, Mr. Perry, and several
respectable speakers, pronounce this word in the second
manner ; but Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, anil
Mr. Smith, in the first; and, in my opinion, with analo-
gy and the best usage on their side. The final e does not
lengthen the o, but serves only to keep the * from going
into the sound of z.
REMORSEFUL, r^-mors-ful, adj. Tender, compas-
sionate. Not used.
REMORSELESS, r£-mors-]£s, adj. Unpitying, cruel,
savage.
REMOTE, re-mote/ a<lj. Distant ; removed far off;
foreign.
REMOTELY, r^-m6te-14, adv. At a distance.
REMOTENESS, r<i-tn6te-nes, *. State of being re-
mote-
REMOTION, r^-mo-sli&n, s. The act of removing,
the state of being removed to a distance.
REMOVABLE, r^-moov-a-bl, adj. Such as may be
removed — See Moreable.
REMOVAL, r& m65v-al, s. 88. The act of putting
out of any place; the act of putting away; dismission
from a post ; the state of being removed."
To REMOVE, r^-m66v,' v. a. To put from its place,
to take or put away ; to place at a distance.
To REMOVE, r^-mSSv,' v. n. To change place, to
go from one place to another.
REMOVE, r^-miov,' s. Change of place ; transla-
tion of one to the place of another; departure, act of
going away ; the act of changing place ; a step in the
scale of gradation ; act of putting a horse's shoes upon
different feet.
REMOVED, ri-m&Svd/ part. adj. Remote, separate
from others.
REMOVEDNESS, r<*-moov-4d-n£s, «. 364. The
state of being removed, remoteness,
REMOVER, re-m66v-&r, s. 98. One that removes.
To REMOUNT, re-mount,' v. n. To mount again.
REMUNERABLE, r£-mu-n£r-a-bl, adj. llewardable.
To REMUNERATE, re-muiner-ate, v. a. To re-
ward, to requite.
REMUNERATION, r<*-mu-n£r-a-sh&n, *. Reward
requital.
REMUNERATIVE, r£-mu-n£r-a-tlv, adj. Exercis-
ed in giving rewards.
REN
432
REP
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m<* 93, mSt 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m5ve 164,
To REMURMUR, r^-mir-mSr, v. n. To utter back
in murmurs, to repeat in low hoarse sounds.
To IlEML'RMUtt. r^-m&r-m&r, V. n. To murmur
back, to echo a low hoarse sound.
RENARD, r£n-nard, s. 88- The name of a fox.
RENASCENT, r£-nas-s£nt, ai§. Produced again,
rising again into being.
RENASCIBLE, ri-nas-s^-bl, adj. 405. Possible to
be produced again.
To RENAVIGATE, r£-niviv£-gate, v. a. To sail
again.
RENCOUNTER, n?n-koun-t&r, .?. 313. Clash, col-
lision ; personal opposition ; loose or casual engage-
ment; sudden combat without premeditation.
To RENCOUNTER, r£n-k5un-t&r, v. n. To clash,
to meet an enemy unexpectedly ; to fight hand to hand.
T<> REND, rehid, v. a. pret. and part. pass.
Rent. To tear with violence, to lacerate.
RENDER, r^ndi&r, s. 98. One that rends, a tearer.
To RENDER, r£n-d&r, v. n. To return ; to |>ay back ;
to restore; to invest with qualities, to make; to trans-
late ; to surrender, to yield, to give up ; to offer, to
give to be used.
RENDER, r£n-dfir, s- Surrender. Obsolete.
RENDEZVOUS, r£n-dd-v65z,' s. 315. Assembly,
meeting appointed ; place appointed for an assembly.
To RENDEZVOUS, r^n-dti-vofiz,' t>. n. To meet at
a place appointed.
Jf^» This word is in such universal use as to be per-
fectly anglicised ; and those who leave out the t at the
end, in compliment to the French language, show but
little taste in their pronunciation of English. To this
letter, in this word, as well as in several other words, may
be applied the judicious advice of Pope :
" In words as fashions tile same nile will hold ;
" Alike fantastic*, if too new or old:
" Be not the lirst by whom the new are tty'd,
" Nor yet the last to lay the old aside."
Euay an Crilicim.
RENDITION, r^n-dish'&n, *. Surrendering, the act
of yielding.
RENEGADE, r£n£n£-gade, )
RENEGADO, rSn-n<i.gaid6, J * One that apos-
tatizes from the faith, an apostate ; one who deserts to
the enemy, a revolter. — See Lumbago.
To RENEGE, r£-n£eg,' v. a. To disown.
To RENEW, r^-ni,' v. a. To restore to the former
state ; to repeat, to put again in act ; to begin again ;
in Theology, to make anew, to transform to new life.
RENEWABLE, r^-nu-a-bl, adj. Capable of being
renewed.
RENEWAL, r^-ni^l, 3. 88. The act of renewing j
renovation.
RENITENCY, r<*-nUt5n-s£, *. That resistance in
solid bodies, when they press upon, or are impelled one
again.st another.
JCy* This word and the following were, in Dr. John-
ton's third edition, folio, accented on the second syllable ;
but in the sixth edition, quarto, they have the accent on
the first. This latter accentuation, it must be allowed,
is more agreeable to English analogy, (see Principles, No.
503, b ;} but there is an analogy that the teamed are very
fond of adopting, which is. that when a word from the
Latin contains the same number of syllables as the origi-
nal, the accent of the original should then be preserved ;
vnA as the accent of renilem is on the second syllable, the
word renitcnt ought to have the accent on the second
.ikewise. For my own part, I approve of our own ana-
logy, both in accent and quantity ; but it is the business
of a Prosodist to give the usage as well as analogy ; and
were this word and iU formative reiutency to be brought
into common use, I have no doubt but thai the Latin
analogy, that of accenting this word on the second sylla-
ble, would generally prevail. This may fairly be pre-
sumed from the suffrages we have for it; namely, Mr.
Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Buchanan, and Eutick,
who are opposed by no Dictionary 1 have consulted but
by Scott's Bailey.
R.ENITENT, rci-nlit^nt, adj. Acting against any im-
pulse by elastick powur.
RF.NNET, r&iinlt, *. The ingredient with which
milk is coagulated in order to make cheese: a kind 01
apple — See Runntt
To RENOVATE, ren-no-vate, v. a. Te renew, to
restore to the first state.
RENOVATION, r£n-nA.va-sh&n, s. Renewal, the
act of renewing.
To RENOUNCE, r£-n5unse,' v. a. 313. To disown,
to abnegate.
RENOUNCEMENT, r<*-no&nseim5nt, *. Act of re-
nouncing, renunciation.
RENOWN, r<*-iioun,' 5. 322. Fame, celebrity, praise
widely spread.
To RENOWN, r£-nSun,' v. a. To make famous.
RENOWNED, r^-nofind/ part. adj. 359. Famous,
celebrated, eminent
RENT, r£nt, s. A break, a laceration.
To RENT, rSnt, v. a. To tear, to lacerate.
RENT, r£nt, *. Revenue, annual payment ; money
paid for any thing held of another.
To RENT, r£nt, v. a. To hold by paying rent ; to
set to a tenant.
RENTABLE, r£nt-a-bl, adj. 405. That may b*
rented.
RENTAL, r£nt£al, s. Schedule or account of rents.
RENTER, r^nti&r, s. 98. He that holds by paying
rent.
RENUNCIATION, r£-n&n-sh£-a-sh&n, j. The act
of renouncing. — See Pronunciation.
To REORDAIN, re-or-dane,' v. a. To ordain a-
gain, on supposition of some defect in the commission
of ministry.
REORDINATION, r£-3r-dd-na-shin, s. Repetition
of ordination.
To REPACIFY, r£-pasis£-fi, v. a. To pacify, again.
REPAID, r^-pade,' Part, of Repay.
To REPAIR, r^-pare,' v. a. 202. To restore after
injury or dilapidation; to amend any injury by an e-
quivalent; to fill up anew, by something put in the
place of what is lost.
REPAIR, r^-pare,' s. Reparation, tupply of loss, res-
toration after dilapidation.
To REPAIR, re-part-,' v. n. Togo, to betake himself.
REPAIR, r^-pare,' s. Resort, abode ; act of betak-
ing himself any whither. -
REPAIRER, r^-pAre^-ar, s. 98. Amender, restorer.
REPARABLE, r£pipar-a-bl, adj. 531. Capable of
being amended or retrieved. — See In eparaltle.
REPARABL,Y, nip-par- a-blt*, adv. In a manner
capable of remedy by restoration, amendment or supply.
REPARATION, r^p-pa-ra-shan, s. The act of re-
pairing ; supply of what is wasted ; recompense for any
injury, amends.
REPARATIVE, r^-par-ra-tlv, s. 512. Whatever
makes amends.
REPARTEE, r5p-par-te£,' *• Smart reply.
To REPASS, rd-pas/ t>. a. To pass again, to pass
back.
To REPASS, r£-pas,' v. n. To go back in a road.
REPAST, r^-pAst/ s. A meal, act of taking food ;
food, victuals.
To REPAST, ri-past,' v. a. To feed, to feast.
REPASTURE, t^-pas-tshilre, * 463. Entertain-
ment.
To REPAY, r^-pi,' v. a. To pay back in return,
in requital, or in revenge ; to recompejise; to requite
either good or ill.
REPAYMENT, r£-pa-m£nt, *. The act of repaying ;
the thing repaid.
To REPEAL, r^-p^le/ v. a. 227. To recall; to
abrogate, to revoke.
REPEAL, r^-pt^le/ j. Recall from ex ile; revocation,
abrogation.
To REPEAT, r^-p^te/ v. a. 227. To use again, to
do again ; to speak again ; to try again ; to recite, to
rehearse.
REPEATEDLY, ni-p<^t&l-le, adv. Over and over,
more than ouce.
REP
433
HEP
n£r 167, nbt 163 — tibe 171, tfib 178, bull 173 — 511 299 — pJ&nd 313 — thin 466 — THIS 4G9.
REPEATER, re-pe-tfir, s. 98. One that repeats,
one that recites; a watch that strikes the hours at will
by compression of a spring.
To REPEL, re-pel,' v. a. To drive back any thing;
to drive back an assailant.
To REPEL, re-pel,' v. n. To act with force con-
trary to force impressed; to repel, in medicine, is to
prevent such an afflux of a fluid to any particular part,
as would raise it into a tumour.
REPELLENT, re-pel-lent, s. An application that
has a repelling power.
REPELLER, rl-pel-l&r, s. 98. One that repels.
To REPENT, re- pent,' v. n. To think on any thing
past with sorrow ; to express sorrow forsomething past ;
to have such sorrow for sin as produces amendment of
life.
To REPENT, re-pSnt' v. a. To remember with sor-
row ; to remember with pious sorrow ; it is used with
the reciprocal pronoun
REPENTANCE, re-pent-anse, *. Sorrow for any
thing past : sorrow for sin, such as produces newness of
life, penitence.
REPENTANT, re pent-ant, adj. Sorrowful for the
past; sorrowful for sin ; expressing sorrow for sin.
To REPKOPLE, re-pee-pl, v. a. To stock with
people anew.
To REPERCUSS, re-peV-kus,' v. a. To beat back,
to drive back.
REPERCUSSION, re-per-k5shi&n, s. The act of
driving back, rebound.
REPERCUSSIVE, re-per-kfi<£slv, adj. Having the
power of driving back, or causing a rebound ; repellent ;
driven back, rebounding.
REPERTITIOUS, r£p-per-tish-us, adj. Found,
gained by finding.
REPERTORY, rep^peV-t&r-e, $.512. A treasury,
a magazine.
REPETITION, r£p-e-tlsh£&n, s. 531. Iteration of
the same thing ; recital of the same words over again ;
the act of reciting or rehearsing ; recital from memory,
as distinct from reading.
To REPINE, re-pine,' v. n. To fret, to vex one's
self, to be discontented.
REFINER, re-pine-&r, s. 98. One that frets or
murmurs.
To REPLACE, re-plase,' v. a. To put again in the
former place ; to put in a new place.
To REPLAIT, re-plate,' v. a. To fold one part
often over another.
To REPLANT, re-plant,' v. a. To plant anew.
REPLANTATION, re-plan-ta-shfui, 4. The act of
planting again.
To REPLENISH, r£ plen-nlsh, v. a. To stock, to
fill ; to consummate, to complete.
To REPLENISH, re-ple'n-nlsli. v. n. To be stocked.
REPLETE, re-plete,' adj. Full, completely filled.
REPLETION, ri-plt^shun, s.
over full.
The state of being
REPLKVIABLE, re-pl3v£v£-a bl, adj. That may be
replcvineU.
To REPLEVIN, r£-pl£vMn,
T» REPLEVY,
thing' seized, upon security given.
v-vln, 7 fi. a.
-ve, \ or s
To take back
set at liberty any
REPLICATION, r£p-pl£- ka-shiin, s. 531. Rebound,
repercussion ; reply, answer.
R ['FLIER, r^-pli-dr, i. 98. He that makes a re-
turn to an answer.
To REPLY, re-pll,' v. n. To answer, to make a re-
turn to an answer.
REPLY, rA-pll,' s. Answer, return to an answer.
To REPOLISH, r£-p&l£]!sh, «. a. To polish again.
To REPORT, r& port,' v. a. To noise by popular
rumour ; to give repute ; to give an account of.
REPORT, re-pArt,' s. Rumour, popular fame; re-
pute, publick character; account given by lawyers of
cases ; sound, repercussion.
REPORTER, re-pArt^&r, s. 98. Relater, one that
gives an account.
REPORTINGLY, re-pArt^Ing-le, adv. By common
fame.
REPOSAL, re-prjizal, *. 88. The act of reposing.
To REPOSE, re-pAze,' v. a. To lay to rest ; to
place as in confidence or trust.
To REPOSE, re-poze,' u. n. To sleep, to be at rest;
to rest ir. confidence.
REPOSE, re-pAze/'S. Sleep, rest, quiet ; cause of rest.
REPOSEDNESS, re-pA-zed-nes, s. 365. State of
being at rest.
To REPOSITE, re-p5zizit, t;. a. To lay up, to lodge
as in a place of safely.
REPOSITION, re-pA-zIshi&n, s. The act of replac-
ing.
REPOSITORY, re-poz^e-t&r-e, *. A place where
any thing is safely laid up.
To REPOSSESS, re-p5z-zes,' v. a. To possess again.
To REPREHEND, rep-pre-bend,' v. a. To reprove,
to chide; to blame, to censure.
REFREHENDER, rep-pre-hend-ur, *. Biamer, cen.
surer.
REPREHENSIBLE, rep-pre-hen-se-bl, adj. Blame-
able, censurable.
REPREHENSIBLENESS, rep-pre-hen-se-bl-nes, *.
Blameableness.
REPREHENSIBLY, rip-pre-h£n-se-ble, adv. Blame-
ably.
REPREHENSION, rep-pre- henishfrn, s. Reproof,
open blame.
REPREHENSIVE, r£p-pre-h£n£s1v, adj. Given in
reproof.
To REPRESENT, rep-pre-z^nt,' v. a. To exhibit,
as if the thing exhibited were present; to ('escribe, to
' show in any particular character ; to fill the place of
another by a vicarious character ; to exhibit, to show.
REPRESENTATION, rep-pre-zen-ta'-shun, s. Im-
age, likeness; act of supporting a vicarious charac-
ter; respectful declaration.
REPRESENTATIVE, rep-pre-z£nt£a-dv, adj. 512.
Exhibiting a similitude ; bearing the character or power
of another.
REPRESENTATIVE, rep-pre- zent-a-tlv, s. One
exhibiting the likene-s of another ; one exercising the
vicarious power given by another ; that by which any
thing is shown.
REPRESENTER, rep-pre zent'&r, *. One who shows
or exhibits ; one who bears a vicarious cha'acter.
REPRESENTMKNT, rep-pr«-zent-ment, s. Image,
or idea proposed, as exhibiting the likeness of some-
thing.
To REPRESS, re-prls^ v. a. To crush, to put down,
to subdue.
REPRESSION, r£ pr£sh-ftn, s. Act of repressing.
REPRESSIVE, re-pres-slv, adj. 158. Having power
to repress, acting to repress.
To REPRIEVE, re-preev,' v. a. 275. To respite af-
ter sentence of death, to gi> e a respite.
REPRIEVE, re-preev/ s. 275. Respite after sentence
of death ; respite.
To REPRIMAND, rep-pre-mand,' v. a. 79. To
chide, to reprove.
REPRIMAND, rep-pre-mand,' j. Reproof, repre-
hension.
To REPRINT, re pilnt,' v. a. To renew the im-
pression of any thing ; to print a new edition.
REPRISAL, re-pri-zal, s. 88. Something seized by
way of retaliation for robbery or injury.
REPRISE, re-prize,' s. The act of taking something
in retaliation of injury.
To REPROACH, re-protsli,' v. a. To censure in
opprobrious terms as a crime; to charge with a fault
in severe language; to upbraid in general.
REPROACH, re-prAtsh,' i. 295. Censure, infamy,
sruune.
REP 434. RES
65-559- File 73, fit 7", fill 83, fit 81 — me 93, m3t 95— pine 105, pin IO7— nii 165, move 184,
RKPROACHABLK, rti-pr6tsh-a-bl, adj. Worthy of
reproach.
REPROACHFUL, ri-pritshifil, adj. Scurriiouj,
opprobrious; shameful, infamous, vile.
REPROACHFULLY, r£ • protsh-t'iil £, adv. Oppro-
bnously, ignomiuiously, scurrilously ; shamefully, in-
famously.
REPROBATE, r£piprA-bate, adj. Lost to rirtue,
lo-t to grace, abandoned.
REPROBATE, rdpipro-bate, *. A man lost to vir-
tue, a wretch abandoned to wickedness.
To REPROBATE, r£p-pr&-bate, ». a. To disallow,
to reject; to abandon to wickedness anil eternal de-
struction ; to abandon to his sentence, without hope of
panlcm.
REPROBATENESS, r£pipr6-bate-n£s, j. The state
of being reprobate.
REPROBATION, r£p-pr6-ba'sh5n, $. The act of
abandoning, or state of being abandoned to eternal Ue-
itruclion ; a condemnatory sentence-
To REPRODUCE, ri-pro-duse,' v. a. 530. To pro-
duee again, to produce anew.
REPRODUCTION, r4-pro-d&k-s!,5n, s. The act of
producing anew.
REPROOF, r«S-prd5f/ *. Blame to the face, repre-
hension.
REPROVABLE, r£-pro5v'i-bl, adj. Blameable,
worthy of reprehension. — See Sfoveable.
To REPROVE, ri-proov.' v. a. To blame, to cen-
sure ; to charge to the face with a fault ; to chide.
REPROVER, re-pnwvi&r, s. A reprehender, one that
reproves.
To REPRUNE, r£-pr6Sn,' v. a. 339. To prune a
second time.
REPTILE, r^p-tll, adj. 140. Creeping upon many
feet
REPTILE, r£p-tll, t. An animal that crepps upon
many feet.
REPUBLICAN, rd-puWle-kan, adj. Placing the go-
vernment in the people.
REPUBLICAN, re-pub-le-kan, s. One who thinks
a commonwealth without monarchy the best govern-
ment.
REPUBLICANISM, ri-p&bile-kan-lzm, s. Attach-
ment to a republican government.
RF.PUBLICK, re-pub-Hk, 5. Commonwealth, state
in which the power is lodged in more than one.
RF.PUDIABLE, r^-pu-d^-a-bl, or re pu^-a-bl, adj.
293, 294. 576. Fit to be rejected or divorced.
To REPUDIATE, re-p6'di-ate, or re pu-je ate,
>•. a. To divorce, to put away
REPUDIATION, rd-pu-d^-aishun, s. Divorce, re-
Inconsistcn-
jection.
REPUGNANCE, r5-pfig-nanse, 7
REPUGNANCY, re-pug-nan-sc*, \ s'
cy, contrariety ; reluctance, unwillingness, struggle of
opposite passions.
REPL'GNANT, re-puginant, adj. Disobedient ; re-
luctant; contrary, opposite.
REPUGNANTLY, rd-puginant-le, adv. Contradic-
torily, reluctantly.
To REPULLULATE, re-pul-lu-late, v. n. To bud
again.
REPULSE, re'-ptilse,' ». 177. The condition of be-
ing driven off or put aside from any attempt.
To REPULSE, re-pulse,' v. a. To beat back, to
drive off.
REPULSION, r£-pfil-sh&n, j.
power of driving off from itself.
177. The act or
REPULSIVE, re-p&Uslv, adj. Driving off, having
the power to beat back or drive oft.
To REPURCHASE, re-pur-tshus, v. a. To buy a-
gain.
REPUTABLE, r£p-pu-ta-bl, adj. Honourable, not
inf:nn:>i!«.— See Aciidt-my.
REPUTABLY, r£p-pu-ti-blt*, adv. Without dis-
ctcdiL
REPUTATION, r^p-pii-ta-sh&n, s. Credit, honour,
character of good
To REPUTE, r£-phte,' v. a. To hold, to account,
to think.
REPUTE, r^-pfite,' s. Character, reputation ; estab-
lished opinion.
, re-pute'lds, adj. Disreputable, dis-
graceful.
REQUEST, rd-kw£st,' s. Petition, entreaty, repute,
credit.
To REQUEST, r£-kw£st,' v. a. To ask, to solicit, to
entreat.
REQUESTER, r£-kw£st-ur, s. 98. Petitioner, so-
licitor.
To REQUICKEN, re-kwlk-kn, v. a. To reanimate,
REQUIEM, re-kwe-£m, s. A hymn in which they
implore for the dead Requiem or rest; rest, quiet,
peace.
REQUIRABLE, r^-kwlira-bl, adj. Fit to be required.
To REQUIRE, r£-kwire.' ». a. To demand, to ask
a thing as of right ; to make necessary, to need.
REQUISITE, rek-w^-zlt, adj. Necessary, required
by the nature of things.
REQUISITE, r£k-w£z!t, s. 154. Any thing ne-
cessary.
Rr.QUISITF.LY, rik-W-zlt 1£, adv. Necetsarily,
in a requisite manner.
REQUISITENESS, r£k-we-zlt-n£s, s. Necessity, the
state of being requisite.
REQUISITION, r^k-kwd-zlshiin, s. A requiring
or demanding of something.
REQUITAL, re-kwKtal, j. 88. Return for any good
or bad office, retaliation ; reward, recompense.
To REQUITE, ri-kwite,' v. a. To retaliate good
or ill, to recompense.
RERF.WARD, rereiward, «. The rear or last troop.
To RESAIL, r£-sale,' v. a. To sail back.
RESALE, rt^-sale, s. Sale at second hand.
To llESALUTE, r^-sa-liite,' v. a. To salute or greet
anew.
To RESCIND, r^-slnd,' v. a. To cut off, to abro-
gate a law.
RESCISSION, r£-sizhi&n, i. The act of cutting off,
abrogation. — See Abscifsinn.
RESCISSORY, r^-slz-z&r-re, adj. 512. Having the
power to cut off.
To RESCRIBE, r^-skribe/ v. a. To write back ; to
write over again.
RESCRIPT, re-skrlpt, s. Edict of an emperor.
To RESCUE, r£s-ku, v. a. To set free from any
violence, confinement, or danger.
RESCUE, r^s-kii, s. Deliverance from violence, dan-
ger, or confinement.
RESCUER, r£s-k&-fir, s. 98. One that rescues.
RESEARCH, re-s^rtsh,' s. Inquiry, search.
Zb RESEARCH, r£-s£itsh/ v. a. To examine, to
inquire.
To RESEAT, re-sete,' v. a. To seat again.
RESEIZER, r^-s^-zur, s. 98. One that seizes ajrain,
RESEIZURE, re-se-zhure, s. 452. Repeated seizure,
seizure a second time.
RESEMBLANCE, re-zem-blanse, s. Likeness, simi-
litude, representation.
To RESEMBLE, r^-z^m-bl, v- a. 445. To com-
pare, to represent as like something else ; to be like, to
have likeness to.
To RESEND, re-s£nd,' v. a. To send back, to send
apain.
To RESENT, r^-zent,' t>. a. 445. To take well or
ill ; to take ill, to consider as an injury or affront.
RESENTER, r^-zent-Cir, s. 98. One who feels in-
juries deeply.
RESENTFUL, re-z^nt-f'ul, adj. Easily provoked to
anger, and long retaining it.
RES
435
RES
167, n&t 163— t&be 171, t&b T72, bill 173— oil 299 — pound 313— thin 466— THis 469.
RESENTINGLY, r£-zent-ing-l(*, adv. With deep
sense, with strong perception, with continued anger.
RESENTMENT, re-z£nt-m6ut, s. Strong perception
of good or ill ; deep sense of injury.
RESERVATION, r£z-£r-va-sh&n, s. Reserve, con-
cealment of something in the mind ; something kept
back, something not given up ; custody, state of being
treasured up.
RF.SERVATORY, r^-zir-va-tftr-^, *. 512. Place in
which any thing is reserved or kept.
To RESERVE, r£ zdrv£ t>. a. To keep in store, to
save to some other purpose ; to retain, to lay up to a
future time.
RESERVE, re-z£rv,' s. Something kept for exigence ;
something concealed in the mind ; excep'jon ; modesty,
caution in personal behaviour.
RESERVED, r£-z£rvd,' adj. 359. Modest, not loosely
free; sullen, not open, not frank.
RESERVEDLY, rd-z5rvd-lt£, adv. 364. With re-
serve; coldly.
RESERVEDNESS, r£-z£rvd-n£s, s. Closeness, want
of openness.
RESERVER, r£-z£riv&r, s. One that reserves.
RESERVOIR, rez- £r-vwor,' *. Place where any
thing is kept in store.
To RESETTLE, r£-s£t-tl, v. a. To settle again.
RESETTLEMENT, re-s£titl-m5nt, *. The act of
settling again ; the state of settling again.
To RESIDE, re-zldc,' v. n. 447. To live, to dwell,
to be present ; to subside.
RESIDENCE, r^z-^-ddnse, s. 445. Act of dwelling
in a place; plaeeof abode, dwelling ; that which settles
at the bottom of liquors.
RESIDENT, rez^-d£nt, adj. 445. Dwelling or
having abode in any place.
RESIDENT, r£zi£-d£nt, S. An agciit, minister, or
officer residing in any distant place with the dignity of
ambassador.
RESIDENTIARY, r3z-£-d3nish£r-£, adj. Holding
residence.
RESIDUAL, re-zidiji-al, 445, ) ,.
i IJ/-A. i i r °dj. Relating to
RESIDUARY, re-zid-ju-ar-e, $
the residue; relating to the part remaining.
RESIDUE, r^z-ze-du, s. 445. The remaining part,
that which is left.
To RESIGN, r£-zlne,' v. a. 445. 447. To give up
a claim or possession ; to yield up ; to submit, particu-
larly to submit to providence ; to submit without re-
sistance or murmur.
RESIGNATION, r£z-zlg-naish&n, 5. The act of n
signing or giving up a claim or possession ; submission,
unresisting acquiescence; submission without murmur
to the will of God.
RESIGNER, re-zi'n&r, 5. 98. One that resigns.
RESIGNMENT, r£-zine-m£nt, s. Act of resigning
RESILIENCE, r«*-ziW-£nse, 7 s. The act of start-
RESILIENCY, re-zi W-£n-s£, £ ing or leaping back
RESILIENT, re-zlW-£nt, adj. 445. Starting or
springing back.
RESILITION, rez-e-llsh'&n, s. The act of spring-
ing back.
RESIN, r£z-ln, s. 445. The fat sulphurous part o
some vegetable, which is natural or procured by art.
and will incorporate with oil or spirit, not an aqueous
menstruum.
RESINOUS, r5z-!n-frs, adj. Containing resin, con-
sisting of resin.
RESINOUSNESS, r5z-ln-fis-nes, s. The quality o
being resinous.
RESIPISCENCE, r5s-4-pls^s6nse, 3. 510. Wsdorr
after the fact, repentance.
To RESIST, re-zist,' v. a. 445. 447. To oppose
to act ag.iinst ; not to give way.
RESISTANCE, re -zist-anse, s. The act of resist
ing, opposition ; the quality of not yielding to force o
external impression.
RKSISTIBILITY, re-zist-c-bil-e-ttJ, s. Quality o
resisting.
IESISTIBLE, re-zist^ bl, adj. 405 That may be
resisted.
RESISTLESS, r£-zlst-l£s, adj. Irresistible, that can-
not be opposed.
RESOLVABLE, r£ z5>l'va-bl, arlj 445. That may
be analyzed or separated ; capable of solution, or of be-
ing made less obscure.
RESOLUBLE, r£z-6-16-bl, adj. That may be melt-
ed or dissolved.
£"?• I have placed the accent on the first syllable of this
word, for the same reason which induced me to place it
on the first of Dissoluble.
I have differed from some of our orthpepists in this ac-
centuation, ard the uncertainty that reigns among them
will be a sufficient apology for having recourse to analogy,
which is clearly shown bv the accent which all of them
ilace upon the second syllable of Indis' soluble.
Dissoluble, Sheridan, "Ash, Buchanan, W. Johnston,
Perrv, Entiek, Dr. Johnson's quarto.
Dissol'ublc, Kenrick, Barclay, Penning, Bailey, John,
son's folio.
Res'oluble, Ash, Bailey, Penning, Entiek, Johnson't
quarto.
Rcsol'uble, Sheridan, Scott, Kenrick, Johnson's folio.
To RESOLVE, r^-zilv/ v. a. To inform ; to solve,
to clear; to settle in an opinion; to fix in determine*
tion ; to melt, to dissolve ; to analyze.
To RESOLVE, ri-z51v,' v. n. To determine, to de-
cree within one's self; to melt, to be dissolved.
RESOLVE, ri-zilv,' S. Resolution, fixed determina-
tion.
RESOLVEDLY, r£-z&lvi&l 1£, adv. 365. With
firmness and constancy.
RESOLVEDNESS, r£-zSlv£4J-n£s. s. Resolution,
constancy, firmness.
RESOLVENT, rt*>z&l'v5nt, s. That which has the
power of causing solution.
RESOLVER, re-z51v-ur, s. 98. One that form* a
firm resolution ; one that dissolves, one that separates
parts.
RESOLUTE, r5z-6-16te, adj. Determined, constant,
firm.
RESOLUTELY, r&z'-o lite-1^, adv. Determinately,
steadily.
RESOLUTENESS, rlz-o-1tit?-n&, s. Determinate-
ness, state of being fixed in resolution.
RESOLUTION, r6z-6-lu-sli&n, s. Act of clearing
difficulties; analysis, act of separating any thing into
constituent parts; dissolution; fixed determination,
settled thought; firmness, steadiness in good or bad ;
determination of a cause in a court of justice.
RESOLUTIVE, re-z61-ii-tiv, adj. 5\12. Having the
power to dissolve.
RESONANCE, r£z-z6-nanse, s. Sound, resound.
RESONANT, r£z'z6-nant, adj. 503. Sounding, re-
sounding.
To RESORT, r^-zort/ v. n. To have recourse to ;
to frequent ; to repair to ; to fall back ; a term in law.
j£5~ Some speakers pronounce this word so as to rhyme
with sport ;-but as this is not the most usual pronuncia-
tion, so it is not the most agreeable to analogy. That it
is not the most usual, appears from the testimony of
Sheridan, Kenrick, Scott, Smith, W. Johnston, and Perry,
who pronounce it as 1 have done.
RESORT, re-zort/ s. Frequency, assembly j con.
course ; movement, active power, spring.
To RESOUND, r^-zound^ v. a. To echo, to cele-
brate by sound ; to tell so as to be heard far ; to return
sounds.
To RESOUND, r^-zound/ v. n. To be echoed back.
To RESOUND, re-»ound, v. a. 446. To sound
again.
RESOURCE,, re-sorsc,' s. 318. Some new or unex-
pected means thatoft'er, resort, expedient.— See Source.
To RESOW, it^-so,' v. a. To sow anew.
To RESPEAK, r^-speke,' v. n. To answer.
To RESPECT, re-sp£kt,' v. a. To regard, to hare
regard to ; to consider with a low degree of reverence;
to have relation to ; to look toward.
RESPECT, r£-sp£kt/ s. Regard, attention ; rever-
ence, honour ; awful kindne.s ; g;iud will ; partial is-
RES
436
RES
iy- 539. File 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, mSve 164,
gard ; reverend character : manner of treating others ;
consideration, motive; relation, regard.
RESPECTABLE, r^-sp£k-ta-bl, adj. Deserving of
respect or regard.
?£?- This word, like several others of the same form,
l« frequently di-torteil by an accent on the first syllable.
When there are no uneo'mbinable consonants in the latter
svllabte, this accentuation is not improper, as despicable,
difiiutable, preferable, &c. ; but when consonants of so
d; Herein an organ as ct and pt occur in the penultimate
anil antepenultimate syllables of words without the accent,
the difficulty of pronouncing them is a sufficient reason
fur placing the accent on them in order to assist the pro-
nunciation ; and accordingly we find almost every word
of this form has the accent upon these letters, as delecta-
ble, destructible, perceptible, susceptible, liisceptible, inc.;
besides, as it contributes greatly to place the accent on the
most significant part of the word, when other reasons do
nut forbid, this ought to determine us to lay the stress
upon the second syllable of the word in question. This
is the accentuation of Mr. Scott, Mr. Buchanan, W. John-
ston, Bailey, and Entick : and if Dr. Johnson, Mr. She-
ridan, Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, Barclay, Feinting, and Per-
ry, had inserted the word in their Dictionaries, they would,
iii all probability, have accented the word in the same
manner. Since the first edition of this Dictionary, I see
this is (he case with the quarto edition of Dr. Johnson. —
See Acceptable, Corruptible, and Irrefragable.
RESPECTER, r£-sp£kt-&r, s. 98. One that lias
partial regard.
RESPECTFUL, r£-sp£ktiful, adj. Ceremonious, full
of outward civility.
RESPECTFULLY, r£-sp£kt-ful-£, adv. With some
degree of reverence.
RESPECTIVE, n*-sp£k£tlv, adj. 512. Particular,
relating to particular persons or things, belonging to
e.u-h ; relative, not absolute.
RESPECTIVELY, re-spek-tlv-te, adv. Particularly,
a* each belongs to each ; relatively, not absolutely.
RESPERSION, r^-sp£r-shun, *. The act of sprink-
ling.
RESPIRATION, r£s-p£-ra-sh&n, s. The act of
breathing; relief from toil.
To RESPIRE, r^-spire,' v. n. To breathe; to catch
breath; to rest, to take rest from toil.
RESPITE, r&s-plt, *. HO. Reprieve, suspension of
a capital sentence; pause, interval.
Ta RESPITE, r£si|jlt, v. a. To relieve by a pause;
to suspend, to delay.
RESPLENDENCE, r£-spl£n£d£nse, 7 «• Lustre,
RESPLENDENCY, r<*-spldn^d£n-si, 5 splendour.
RESPLENDENT, re-splenid£nt, adj. Bright, hav-
ing a beautiful lustre.
RESPLENDENTLY, re* spl£n£<]£nt !£, adv. Witl
lustre, brightly, splendidly.
To RESPOND, r£ spilld,' v. n. To answer; to cor-
respond, to suit. Little used.
RESPONDENT, ri-spind^ent, s. An answer in a
suit ; one whose province, in a set disputation, is to re-
fute objections.
RESPONSE, r^-sponse,' 3. An answer ; answer mad
by the congregation ; reply to an objection in a formal
disputation.
RESPONSIBILITY, r£-spSn-s<*-bIl-(S t4, s. State of
being obliged to answer.
IC5" This word is in none of our Dictionaries, but is so
constantly in the mouths of our best parliamentary speak-
ers, as to show its general reception ; and, though there
is no Latin substantive to derive it from, it is so much
more smooth and voluble than our own responsMenesi,
that we cannot wonder at the preference that is given to it.
RESPONSIBLE, r£-sp5n£s£-bl, adj. Answerable,
accountable; capable of discharging an obligation.
RESPONSIBLENESS, rd-sp6nise-bl-n&>, *. State of
being obliged or qualified to answer.
RESPONSION, re-sp5ni»hun, *. The act of an-
swering.
RESPONSIVE, r£-sp6nislv, adj. Answering, mak-
ing answer ; correspondent, suited to something else.
RESPONSORY, r^-spinisur-4 adj. 512. Con-
taining answer.-See Domestic*.
REST, r&t, s. Sleep, repose ; the final kleep, the
quietness of death ; stillness, cessation of motion ; quiet,
I>eace, cessation fmm disturbance ; cessation from bo-
dily labour; support, that on which any thing leans or
rests; place of repose; final hope; remainder, what
remains.
REST, r£st, 3. Others, those which remain.
To REST, r£st, v. n. To sleep, to slumber ; to die ;
to be at quiet ; to be without motion, to be still ; to be
fixed in any state or opinion ; to cease from labour ;
to be satisfied, to acquiesce ; to lean, to be supported ;
to be left, to remain.
To REST, r£st, v. a. To lay to rest ; to place at
on a support.
RESTAGNANT, r^-stagi-nant, adj. Remaining with-
out flow or motion.
To RESTAGNATE, r£-stag£nate, v. n. To stand
without flow.
RESTAGNATION, r^-stag-naisli&n, s. The state
of standing without flow, course, or motion.
RESTAURATION, res-ta-ra-sh&n, s. The act of
recovering to the former state.
B5" This word, though regularly formed from the La-
tin rcstanratio, is now entirely out of use, and testoratiun
immoveably fixed in its place".
To RESTEM, nJ-st&n,' v. a. To force back against
the current.
RESTFUL, r£st-ful, adj. Quiet, being at rest.
KESTHARROW, r£st-liarir6, 5. A plant.
RESTIFF, res-df, a(lj. Unwilling to stir, resolute a-
gainst going forward, stubborn ; being at rest, being
less in motion.
5^> There is a deviation from propriety in the use ot
this word almost too vulgar to deserve notice, and that
is, denominating anything stubborn or unruly, tnsty.
Shakespeare, Swift, and Davenant, as we see in Johnson,
have used the word resty : but this is an evident corrup-
tion of the French word restijf, and should be totally laid
aside.
RESTIFNESS, r£sit!f-nls, *. Obstinate reluctance.
RESTINCTION, r^-stlngkish&n, s. The act of ex-
tinguishing.
RESTITUTION, r^s-t^-tWshfin, *. The act of re-
storing what is lost or taken away ; the act of recover-
ing its former state or posture.
RESTLESS, r£st-les, adj. Being without sleep; un-
quiet, without peace; inconstant, unsettled; not still,
in continual motion.
RESTLESSLY, r£st-l6s-l£, adv. Without rest, un-
quietly.
RESTLESSNESS, r£stil£s-n£s, *. Want of sleep ;
want of rest, unquietncss; motion, agitation.
RESTORAELE, re-sto-ri-bl, adj. That may be re-
stored.
RESTORATION, r£s-tA-raishun, s. The act of re-
placing in a former stale ; recovery.
RESTORATIVE, r£-st6ira-tlv, adj. That has the
power to recruit life.
RESTORATIVE, ri-stiira-t.lv, s. 512. A medicine
that has the power of recruiting life.
To RESTORE, re-stirt ,' v- a. To give back w hat
has been lost or taken away ; to oring back : to retrieve ;
to bring back from degeneration, declension, or ruin,
to its former state ; to recover passages in bocks from
corruption.
RESTORER, r£-stiirur, s. 98. One that restores.
To RESTRAIN, r^-strane/ t'. a. To withhold, to
keep in ; to repress ; to keep in awe ; to hinder ; to a-
bridge ; to limit, to confine.
RESTRAINABLE, re-stra-ni-bl, adj. Capable to be
restrained.
RESTRAINEDLY, ri-sti ain3d-le, adv. 365. With
restraint, without latitude.
RESTRAINF.R, r^-strainur, 3. 202. One that re-
strains, one that withholds.
RESTRAINT, r^-strant,' 5. Abridgment of liberty ;
prohibition; limitation, restriction; repression, hin-
derance of will ; act of withholding.
To RESTRICT, r^-strlkt,' t'. n. To limit, to con fine.
RESTRICTION, re-strik-shCm, s. Confinement, li.
miution.
RET
437
RET
nor 167, n&t 163— tibe 171, lib 172, bfill 173 — 511 299— po&nd 313— t/t\n 466— THis 469.
RESTRICTIVE, r£ strlk^tlv, adj. Expressing limi- RETENTION, nUSn^shftn, *• The act of retaining ,
tation ; styptick, astringent. memory ; limitation ; ^custody, confinement, restraint.
RESTIUCTIVKLY', re strik-tlv-1^, adv. With Hmi- RETENTIVE, r£-t£n-tiv, adj. Having the power of
tation. I retention ; having memory.
To RESTRINGE, r<*-strlnje,' v. a. To limit, to con- RETENTIVENESS, re-t£n-tiv-n&5, s. Having the
gne- i quality of retention.
RKSTRINGENT, r6-strlnij4nt, s. That which hath RETICENCE, r^tite-s^nse, 5. Concealment by silence,
the power of restraining. < RETICLE, r^t^-kl, s. 4O5. A small net.
RKSTY, r£s-te, adj. Obstinate in standing still. See RETJCULAR, r£-tlki.ii-lar, adj. Having the form of
Resliff. i a small net
To RKSUBLIME, r£-sub-lime,' v. a. To sublime RETICULATED, r^-tlkiii-la-t^d, adj. Made of net-
another time.
To RESULT, r^-zult,' v. n. 445. To flr back ; to RETiFORM, r£t-<J-f3rm, adj. Having
rise as a consequence ; to be produced as the effect of a net_
the form of
causes jointly concurring ; to arise as a conclusion from
premises.
RESULT, r^-z<,'s. Resilience, act of flying back ;
consequence, effect produced by the concurrence of co-
operating causes ; inference from premises ; resolve,
decision.
RESUMABLE, re-ziimi bl, adj. That may be
taken back.
To RESUME, re-zime,' »t. a. 445. To take back
what has been given ; to take back what has been taken
away; to take again; to begin again what has been
broken off, as, to resume a discourse.
RESUMPTION, rd-zum-shun, s. 412. The act of
resuming.
RESUMPTIVE, r4-z&m-tlv, adj. Taking back.
RESUPINATION, r£-sfc-pe-na^shun, s. 446. The
act of lying on the back.
To RESURVEY, r^-sQr-va/ v. a. To review, to
survey again.
RESURRECTION, r^z-&r-r^k-s'i&n, s. 445. Revi-
val from the dead, return from the grave.
To RESUSCITATE, r£-s&s-s£-tate, v. a. 546. To
stir up anew, to revive.
RESUSCITATION, r<*-s&s-s£-ta-sh&n, s. The act
of stirring up anew ; the act of reviving, or state of be-
ing revived.
To RETAIL, r£-tale/ v. n. 2O2. To divide into
small parcels ; to sell in small quantities; to sell at se-
cond hand ; to sell in broken parts.
rj" This verb and noun may be classed with those in
Principles, No 492: though the verb is sometimes ac-
cented on the first syllable, and the noun on the last.
RETAIL, r^-tale, s. Sale by small quantities.
RETAILER, r^-ta-l&r, s. One who sells by small
quantities.
To RETAIN, r^-tane,' v. a. 202. To keep, to keep
in mind: to keep in pay, to hire.
RETAINER, r^-ta-n&r, s. 98. An adherent, a de-
pendant, a hanger-on ; the act of keeping dependant
or being in dependance.
To RETAKE, re-take/ v a. To take again.
To RETALIATE, r4-tal^-ate, r. a. 1 1 3. To re-
turn by giving like for like, to repay, to requite.
RlvTALIATION, re-tal-4-a-shCiii, s. Requital, re-
turn of like for like.
To RETARD, ni-tardj'v. a. To hinder, to obstruct
in swiftness of course ; to delay, to put off.
To RETARD, r^-tard/ v. n. To stay back or delay.
RETARDATION, r£t-tar-da-shan, *. 530. Hin-
deranee, the act of delaying.
RETARDER, re-tanl-ar, s. 98. Hinderer, obstruc-
tor.
To RETCH, r^tsh, or r£tsh, v. n. To force up
something from the stomach.
»T7- ihis word is derived from the same Saxon original
BS the verb to reach, and seems to signify the same ac-
tion ; the one implying theextension of the arm : and the
other, of the throat or lungs. No good reason, therefore,
appears either for spelling or pronouncing them different-
ly ; and though Dr. Johnson has made a distinction in the
Orthography, the pronunciation of both is generally the
same. — See Bowl'
RETCHLESS, r»5t->h-l£s, adj. Careless. Not used.
RKTKCTION, r^-tekishuii, i. The act of dUcover-
kj£ to the view.
RETINA, r2t£t<*-na, s. The optic nerve which re-
ceives the image of the object in vision.
RETINUE, r^t^-nii, or r£-tin-nh, s. A number
attending upon a principal person, a train.
his word was formerly always accented on the se-
cond syllable ; but the antepenultimate accent, to which
our language is so prone in simples of three syllables, ha*
so generally obtained as to make it doubtful to which side
the best usage inclines. Dr. Johnson. Sheridan, Ash,
Kenrick, Nares, Bailey, and Penning, accent the second
syllable; and Buchanan, W. Johnston, Perry, Barclay,
fnd Entick, the first. Scott accents both, but prefers the
first In this case, then, analogy ought to decide for
placing the accent on the first syllable. See Principles,
No. 535, and the word Revenue.
To RETIRE, r^-tlre,' v. n. To retreat, to withdraw,
to go to a place of privacy ; to retreat from danger ;
to go from a public station ; to go off from company.
To RETIRE, ri-tire,' v. a. To withdraw, to take
away.
RETIRE, r£-tlre,' s. Retreat, retirement. Not in use.
RETIRED, rd-tlrd,' part. adj. Secret, private.
RETIREDNESS, re-tird-n£s, s. Solitude, privacy,
secrecy.
RETIREMENT, re-tire-m£nt, s. Private abode, se-
cret habitation ; private way of life; act of withdraw-
ing.
RETOLD, re-told/ part. pass, of Retell. Related or
told again.
To RETORT, r^-tort,' v. a. To throw back ; to
return any argument, censure, or incivility ; to curve
back.
RETORT, r^-tort,' s. A censure or incivility return-
ed ; a chymical glass vessel with a bunt neck to which
the receiver is fitted.
RETORTER, r£-toi t-&r, s. 98. One that retorts.
RETORTION, r£-tor-slmn, s. The act of retorting,
To RETOSS, re t5s,' v. a. To toss back.
Z'o RETOUCH, r^-titsh,' v. a. To improve by new
touches.
To RETRACE, r£ trust-/ v. a. To trace back.
To RETRACT, r^i trakt,' v. a. To recall, to recant.
RETRACTATION, r^t-trak-ta-sh&n, s. 530. Re-
cantation, change of opinion.
RETRACTION, r^-truk-shun, s. Act of withdraw-
ing something advanced; recantation, declaration of
change of opinion ; act of withdrawing a claim.
RETREAT, r^-tr^te/s. Place of privacy, retirement ;
place of security ; act of retiring before a superior force,
To RETREAT, re-trete,' v. n. To go to a private
abode ; to take shelter, to go to a place of security ; to
retire from a superior enemy ; to quit a former place.
RETREATED, re-tni-t6d, part. adj. Retired, gone
to privacy.
To RETRENCH, r£-tr3nsh,' v. a. To cut off, to
pare away ; to confine.
To RETRENCH, re-trOnsh,' v. n. To live with les»
magnificence or elegance.
RETRENCHMENT, r£-tr£nbli-m£n.t, s. The act of
lopping away.
To RETRIBUTE, re-triWute, v. a. To pat back,
to make repayment of.
Jl^?- I have (fi.lered from Dr. Johnson, Mr. .Sheridan,
and almost all our 01 thoepists, in giving the- accent to tlw
2 X
RETROSPECTIVE, r£t-tri-sp£k-tlv, adj. 530.
Looking backwards.
T<» RETUND, r^-t&nd/ v. a. To blunt, to turn.
To RETURN, r£-tfrrn/ v. n. To come to the same
place ; to come back to the same state ; to go back ; to
make answer ; to revisit; after a periodical revolution,
to begin the same again ; to retort, to recriminate.
To RETURN, r^-t&rn,' «. a. To repay, to give in
requital; to give back; to send back ; to give account
of ; to transmit.
RETURN, ri-t&rn,' s. Act of coming back ; profit,
advantage; repayment, retribution, requital; act of
restoring or giving back, restitution ; relapse.
RETURNABLE, r^-tftrnia-bl, adj. Allowed to be
reported back. A law term.
RETURNER, rd-t&rn-ar, s. 98. One who pays or
remits money.
REVE, r^ve, s. The bailiff of a franchise or manor.
—See Sheriff.
To REVEAL, r£-v£le,' v. a. 227. To lay open, to
disclose a secret ; to impart from heaven.
REVEALER, re-v^-lir, s. 98. Discoverer, one that
shows or makes known ; one that discovers to view.
To REVEL, r^v^l, v. n. To feast with loose and
clamorous merriment.
REVEL, r5v-31, *. A feast with loose and noisy
jollity.
To REVEL, r£-v£l,' v. a. 492. To retract, to draw
back.
REVEL-ROUT, r£vi£l-rout, s. A mob, an unlawful
assembly.
REVELATION, rlv-e-la-shun, *. Discovery, com-
munication, communication of sacred and mysterious
truths by a teacher from heaven.
REVELLER, r^v-^L&r, s. One who feasts with
noisy jollity.
REVELRY, r£vi£l-re, s. Loose jollity, festive mirth.
To REVENGE, ri-v&lje,' v. a. To return an injury ;
to vindicate by punishment of an enemy ; to wreak
one's wrongs on him that inflicted them.
REVENGE, r6-v£nje,' s. 74. Return of an injury.
REVENGEFUL, r^-venje-ful, adj. Vindictive, full
of vengeance.
REVENGEFULLY, r£-v£njeiful-le, adv. Vim
lively.
REVENGER, r£-v3n-j&r, s. 98. One who revenges.
REVENGEMENT, r£-v£njeini£nt, s. Vengeance, re-
turn of an injury.
REVENGINGLY, rd-v3nijing-l£, adv. With ven-
geance, vindictively.
REVENUE, r&V^-nfi, or r<J-v^n-u, s. Income, an-
cual profits received from lands or other funds.
REV 438 REV
$5- 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m<i 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin J07— nt> 162, m5ve 1 84,
•econd syllabic of this word in preference to the first. But
while the verbs attribule, contribute, and dtstiihute, have
the penultimate accent, it seems absurd not to give retri-
bute the same.
RETRIBUTION, r3t-tr£-b6-sh&n, *. Repayment,
return accommodated to the action.
RETRIBUTIVE, r£-trib'to tlv, 512. ? /• R
RETRIBUTORY, r^-tnb-ii-tar-d, £
paying, making repayment.
RETRIEVABLE, re-trt^v-i-bl, adj. That may be
retrieved.
To RETRIEVE, r£-tr££v,' v. a. 275. To recover, to
restore ; to repair ; to regain ; to recall, to bring back.
RETROCESSION, r<k-tro-s£sh-&n, s. 530. The act
of going back.
RETROGRADATION, r£t-tr6-gra-da-sh&n, s. 530.
The act of going backward.
RETROGRADE, r^t-tro-grade, adj. Going back-
wards ; contrary, opposite.
RETROGRESSION, rlt-tr6-gr£sh-&n, s. 530. The
act of going backwards.
RETROSPECT, i£t-tro-sp£kt, s. 530. Look thrown
upon things behind, or things past.
RETROSPECTION, r£t-tr6-spek'shun, s. 530. Act
or faculty of looking backwards.
ord seems as nearly balanced between the
accent on the first and second syllable as possible ; but as
t is of the same form and origin as avenue and retinue, it
ought to follow the same fortune, lletimie seems to
lave been long inclining to accent the first syllable, and
avenue has decidedly done so, since Dr. Watts observed
:hat it was sometimes accented on the second ; and by
:his retrocession of accent, as it may be called, we may
easily foresee that these three words will uniformly yield
;o the antepenultimate accent, the favourite accent of
our language, conformably to the general rule, which ac-
cents simples of three syllables upon the first. Dr. John-
son, Mr. Nares, and Bailey, are for the accent on the se-
cond syllable; but Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenriek, Buchanan,
W. Johnston, Perry, Barclay, Penning, and Entick, ac-
cent the first. Mr. Sheridan gives both, but places the
antepenultimate accent first, 503. — See Conversant, and
Retinue.
REVERB, r£-v£rb/ V. a. To strike against, to rever-
berate. Not in use.
REVERBERANT, r£-v£rib§r-ant, adj. Resounding,
beating back.
To REVERBERATE, r<*-v£rib£r-ate, v. a. 555.
To beat back ; to heat in an intense furnace, where the
flame is reverberated upon the matter to be melted or
cleaned.
To REVERBERATE, r£-v£rib£r-ate, v. n. To be
driven back, to bound back ; to resound.
REVERBERATION, re-v£r-b£r-a-shim, s. The act
of beating or driving back.
REVERBERATORY, r£-v£rib5r-a-t&r-d, adj. Re-
turning, beating back.
To REVERE, r^-vere' v. a. To reverence, to ve-
nerate, to regard with awe.
REVERENCE, r£v-£r-£nse, i. Veneration, respect,
awful regard ; act of obeisance, bow, courtesy ; title of
the clergy.
To REVERENCE, r£v-er-3nse, v. a. To regard with
reverence, to regard with awful respect.
REVERENCER, r£v-£r-£n-sfir, s. One who regard*
with reverence.
REVEREND, r£v-3r-£nd, adj. Venerable, deserv-
ing reverence ; the honorary epithet of the clergy.
REVERENT, r£v^£r-£nt, adj. Humble, expressing
submission, testifying veneration.
REVERENTIAL, r£v-£r-£nishal, adj. Expressing
reverence, proceeding from awe and veneration.
REVERENTIALLY, r£v-lr-£n-shal-4 adv. With
show of reverence.
REVERENTLY, r£v-£r-£nt-l£, adv. Respectfully,
with awe, with reverence.
REVERER, r£-v£-rfrr, s. One who venerates, one
who reveres.
REVERSAL, r£-v£rs-al, s. Change of sentence.
To REVERSE, r£-v£rse^ v. a. To turn upside
down; to overturn, to subvert; to repeal ; to turn to
the contrary ; to put each in the case of the other.
REVERSE, re-v£rse,' s. 431. Change, vicissitude;
a contrary, an opposite ; the side cf the coin on which
the head is not impressed.
REVERSIBLE, r£-v£rsie-bl, adj. Capable of being
re\ersed.
REVERSION, r£-v£r-shun, s. The state of being
to be possessed after the death of the present possessor ;
succession, right of succession.
REVERSIONARY, r<*-ver-shfin-a-r£, adj. To ba
enjoyed in succession.
To REVERT, rd-v^rt,' v. a. To change, to turn to
the contrary ; to turn back.
To REVERT, re-vCrt,' v. n. To return, to fall back.
REVERT, r^-v^rt,' s. Return, recurrence.
REVERTIBLE, re-v£rt.i4-bl, adj. Returnable.
REVERY, r&v'-&r-&, s. Loose musing, irregular
thought.
l£f- This word seems to have been some years floating
between the accent on the first and last syllable, but to
have settled at last on the former. It may still, howerer,
be reckoned among those words, which, if occasion re*
quire, admit of either. See Principles, No. 528. It may,
perhaps, be necessary to observe.that some Lexicographers
nave written this word reverie instead of revery, and that
REV
439
RHO
nor 167, n5t 163 — tube 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pound 313 — t/i'm 466 — THis 469.
To REVOLT, revolt,' or r£-v61t/ v. n. To fall
while it is thus written we may place the accent either on
the first or last syllable ; but if we place the accent on the
last of reyery, arid pronounce the y like e, there arises an
irregularity which forbids it ; for y, with the accent on it,
is neve-- so pronounced. Dr. Johnson's orthography,
therefore, wish y in the last syllable, and Mr. Sheridan's
writing and pronouncing this word.
A view of the different orthography and accentuation of
this word may contribute to confirm that which I have
chosen.
Re'very, Sheridan, W. Johnston, Barclay.
Itevtrt/', Johnson's quarto, Entick.
Reverie1, Buchanan.
Reve'ry, Kenrick, Johnson's folio.
Reveries, Bailey.
Reverie1, Barclay, Penning, Entick.
Re'veriS, Perrv.
To REVEST, r^-vSst/ v. a. To clothe again ; to re-
invest, to vest again in a possession or office.
REVESTIARY, re-v^s-tshe-a-r^, s. place where
dresses are reposited.
To REVICTUAL, r£-vltitl, v. a. To stock with
victuals again. — See Victuals.
To REVIEW, r£-v&,x v. a. 286. To see again ; to
consider over again j tore-examine; to survey, to ex-
amine ; to overlook troops in performing their military
exercises.
REVIEW, r£-vu,' s. 286. Survey, re-examination ;
an exhibition of troops when performing their military
exercises.
To REVILE, r^-vHe,' v. a. To reproach, to vilify,
to treat with contumely.
REVILE, r^-vlle,' s. Reproach, contumely, exproba-
tion. Not used
REVILER, r^-vile-fir, s. 98. One who reviles.
REVILINGLY, r^-vileiln<;-l£, adv. In an opprobri-
ous manner, with contumely.
REVISAL, r&-v\-z&\, s. Review, re-examination.
To REVISE, r^-vlze,' v. a. To review, to overlook.
REVISE, r^-vize,' $. Review, re-examination ; among
printers, a second proof of a sheet corrected.
REVISER, r<5-vi-zur, s. 98. Examiner, superintcn-
dant.
REVISION, r£-vlzh£un, s. Review.
To REVISIT, rt* .viz^-It, v. a. To visit again.
REVIVAL, l4-vi-val, x. 88. Recall from a state of
languor, oblivion, or obscurity.
To REVIVE, re vive,' v. n. To return to life; to
return to vigour or fame, to rise from languor or ob-
scurity.
To REVIVE, re-vive/ v. a. To bring to life again ;
to raise from languor, insensibility, or oblivion ; to re-
new, to bring back to the memory ; to quicken, to rouse.
REVIVER, r^-vl-v&r, J. 98. That which invigor-
ates or revives.
To IlEVivmCATE, r^-viv^-fii-kate, v. a. To re-
call to life.
REVIVIFICATION, r^-vlv-^-f^-kaishun, *. The
act of recalling to life.
REVIVISCENCY, r£v-v£-vlsis3n-s£, *. 510. Re-
newal of life.
REUNION, r£-uniyun, s. Return to a state of junc-
ture, cohesion, or concord.
To REUNITE, r£-u-nite,' v. a. To join again, to
make one whole a second time, to join what is divided ;
to reconcile, to make those at variance one.
To REUNITE, ri-i-nlte,' v. n. To cohere again.
REVOCABLE, r£v-o-ka-bl, adj. That may be re-
called ; that may be repealed. — See Irrevocable.
REVOCABLENESS, r£v-6-ka-bl-n£s,s. The quality
of being revocable.
To REVOCATE, r£v-6-kate, v. a. To recall, to call
back.
REVOCATION, r£v-o-kaishun, s. Act of recalling ;
state of being recalled ; repeal, reversal.
To REVOKE, rt^-voke,' v. a. To repeal, to reverse ;
to draw back, to recall.
REVOIkEMENT, r£-v6ktirn£nt, s. Repeal, recall.
off from one to another.
J£5» This word has Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr.
Perry, and Mr. Buchanan, for that pronunciation which
rhymes it with malt : but that which rhymes it with tiult,
jolt, Ac. has the authority of Mr. Elphiriston, Mr. Smith,
Mr Scott, Mr. Nares, and W. Johnston, a clear analogy,
and, if I am not mistaken, the best usage, on its side.
REVOLT, r^-volt,' ». Desertion, change of sides ;
a revolter, one who changes sides ; gross departure from
duty.
REVOLTED, r«i.v6lt-£d, part. adj. Having swerv-
ed from duty.
REVOLTER, r^-vilt-fir, s. One who changes side*,
a de>erter.
To REVOLVE, r£-volv,' v. n. To roll in a circle,
to perform a revolution ; to fall in a regular course of
changing possessors, to devolve.
To REVOLVE, r<*-volv,' v. a. To roll any thing
round ; to consider, to meditate on.
REVOLUTION, r£v-vA-lu-sh&n, s. Course of any
thing which returns to the point at which it began to
move; space measured by some revolution ; change in
the state of a government or country ; rotation in gene-
ral, returning motion.
REVOLUTIONARY, r3v-6-luish5n-a-r£, adj. 512.
Founded on a revolution.
REVOLUTIONIST, r£v 6-lu-shun-ist,s. An undis-
tingtiishing promoter of revolutions in government.
To REVOMIT, ri^-v&m-mlt, v. a. To vomit, to
vomit again.
REVULSION, r£-vulishun, s. The act of revelling
or drawing humours from a remote part of the body.
To REWARD, re-ward,' v. a. To give in return ; to
repay, to recompense for something good ; to repay evil.
REWARD, r^-ward,' s. Recompense given for good ;
it is sometimes used with a mixture of irony, for pu-
nishment or recompense of evil.
REWARDABLE, rt^-wardia-bl, adj. Worthy of re-
ward.
REWARDER, r£-ward-ur, «. One that rewards,
one that recompenses.
To REWORD, rti-wurd,' v. a. To repeat in the same
words.
RHABARBARATE, rl bai iba-rate, adj. Impreg-
nated or tinctured with rhubarb.
RHABDOM ANCY, rab-d6-man-s£, s. 519. Divina-
tion by a wand.
RHAPSOUIST, rap^so-dlst, s. One who writes with-
out regular dependence of one part upon another.
RHAPSODY,- rap-so-d^, s. Any number of parts
joined together, without necessary dependence or na-
tural connexion. — .See Rapsody.
RHETORICK, r£t-to-rlk, s. The act of speaking,
not merely with propriety, but with art and elegance ;
the power of persuasion, oratory.
RHETORICAL, r^-tor^-kal, adj. Pertaining to
rhetorick, oratorical, figurative.
RHETORICALLY, r£-t6rie-kal-<*, adv. Like an ora-
tor, figuratively, with intent to move the passions.
To RHETORICATE, rd-tor^-kate, v. n. To play
the orator, to attack the passions.
RHETORICIAN, rdt-to-rishiin, s. One who teaches
the science of rhetorick.
RHEUM, room, s. 264, 265. A thin watery mat-
ter oozing through the glands, chiefly about the mouth.
RHEUMATICK, r66-rnat-Ik, adj. 509. Proceeding
from rheum, or a peccant watery humour.
RHEUMATISM, r66-ma-tizm, s. A painful distem-
per supposed to proceed from acrid humours.
RHEUMY, rooime, adj. Full of sharp moisture.
RHINOCEROS, rl-n6sise-r5s, s. 134. A vast beast
in the East Indies armed with a horn in his front.
RHOMB, r&mb, s. A parallelogram or quadrangular
figure having its four sides equal, and consisting of
parallel lines, with two opposite angles acute, and two
obtuse.
Jt^r> I have here differed from Mr. Sheridan, and adopt-
ed that sound of the vowel in this word which is givcu to
RID
440
RIG
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi 93, mil 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — ni 162, move 164,
RlDDLINGI.Y, rld^dl-lng-li, adv. In the manner
of a riddle.
To RlDE, ride, v. n. To travel on horseback ; to
travel in a vehicle; to be borne, not to walk; to be
supported in motion ; to manage a horse ; to be sup-
ported as ships on the water.
To RlDE, ride, v. a. To manage insolently at will.
RlDEtt, rl-d&r, s. 98. One who is carried on a
horse or in a vehicle; one who manages or breaks horses.
RlDGE, rldje, s. The top of the back ; the rough
top of any thing; a steep p-otuberance; the ground
thrown up' bv the plough ; th ; top of the roof rising to
an acute angle ; Ridges of a horse's mouih are wrinkles
or risings of flesh in the roof of the mouth, running a-
cross from one side of the jaw to the other.
it by Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, Mr. Smith, and Mr. Perry.
This I do not only suppose to he the general pronuncia-
tion, but find it written rhumb by Dr. Ash, Buchanan,
•nd Barclay. This is the way I find it spelled by an old
Knglish author in Collectanea Curiosa, vol. i page 2.32.
" And so that opportunity of curbing the Puritan being
lost, the course which was afterwards steered proved to
be a false rfiumbe, and did rather accelerate than prevent
the mischief." But when this word is given us in its La-
tin form rhnmbut, the o ought to have the same sound as
in comedy. — See Principles, No. 347.
RHOMBTCK, r&miblk, adj. Shaped like a rhomb.
RHOMBOID, r&m-b&id, s. A figure approaching to
a rhomb.
RHOMBOIDAL, r&m-bild-ll, adj. Approaching
in shape to a rhomb.
RHUBARB, ro&bftrb, j. 265. A medical root
slightly purgative, referred by botanists to the dock.
RHYME, rime, s. An harmonica! succession V
sounds : the consonance of verses, the correspondence
of the last sound of one verse to the last sound or syl-
lable of another ; poetry, a poem.
To RHYME, rime, v, n. To agree in sound ; to
make verses.
RHYMER, rUm&r, 98. 7
RHYMSTER, rime^st&r, \
rhymes, a versifier. A word of contempt.
RHYTHM, rlthm, s. The proportion which the parts
of a motion bear to each other.
RHYTHMICAL, rlf/j'-me-kll, ad;'. Harmonical, hav-
ing proportion of one sound to another.
RHYTHMUS, rl/A-m&s, i. The same as Rhythm.
RlB, rib, i. A bone in the body ; any piece of tim-
ber or other matter which strengthens the side.
RlBALD, rlb^b&ld, i. 88. A loose, mean wretch.
One who makes
RJBALDRY, rlb£b&ld-r£,
language.
s. Mean, lewd, brutal
RIBAND, rlb^bln, 5 88. A fillet of silk, a narrow
web of silk, which is worn for ornament.
RlBBED, rlbbd, adj. 359. Furnished with ribs ;
enclosed as the body by ribs.
RIBBON, rlb^bln, s. 1 66 — See Riband.
To RlBROAST, ribirAst, v. n. To beat soundly. A
cant word.
RIBWORT, rlWwfirt, s. A pi. nt.
RlCE, rise, s. 560- One of the esculent grains.
RlCH, ritsh, adj. 352. Wealthy, valuable, precious ;
having any ingrpdients or qualities in a great quantity
or degree ; fertile.
RlCHES, ritshilz, s. 99. Wealth, money or posses-
sions; splendid, sumptuous appearance.
RICHLY, rltsh-14, adv. Wealthily, splendidly;
plenteously.
RICHNESS, rltsh-n£s, *. Opulence; finery; ferti-
lity ; abundance or perfection of any quality.
RlCK, rlk, *. A pile of corn or hay regularly heap-
ed up and sheltered from wet.
RICKETS, rlk-klts, s. The Rickets is a distemper
in children, from an unequal distribution of nourish-
ment, whereby the joints grow knotty, and the liuibs
uneven.
RICKETY, rlkMu4, adj. 99. Diseased with thi
rickets.
RID, rid, preterit of Ride.
To RlD, rid, v. a. To set free, to redeem ; to clear,
to disencumber ; to drive away, to destroy.
RIDDANCE, rldidanse, *. Deliverance ; disencum-
brance, loss of something one is glad to lose:
clearing away any encumbrances.
RIDDEN, rld^dn, 103. The;»<zr*. of Ride.
RlUDLE, rl<Wl, «. 405. An enigma, a puzzling
question, a dark problem ; any thing puzzling ; a coarse
or open sieve.
To RIDDLE, rld^dl, v. a. To solve, to unriddle •
to separate by a coarse sieve.
To RIDDLE, rld^d!, v. n. To speak ambiguouslv,
or obscurely.
act ol
ng. S
s. A ram half castrated.
To RlDGE, rldje, v. a. To form a ridge.
RIDGIL, ridijll,
RIDGLING, rldje-ll
RlDGY, rld-ji, adj. Rising in a ridge.
RIDICULE, rldi4-kWe, *. Wit of that species whi^h
provokes laughter.
jfy» This word is frequently mispronounced by sound-
ing tne first syllable like the adjective red; an inaccuracy
which cannot be too carefully avoided.
I am of the same opinion as Mr. Nares, that this w >rd
was anciently accented on the last syllable, as derived
from the French ridicule, and not the Latin ridicultis ; hut
this accent being found contrary to the Latin analogy, 503,
shifted to the first syllable; a transition which, in words
of three syllables, is the easiest thing in the world See
Principles, No. 524.
To RIDICULE, rld'£-kule, v. a. To expose to
laughter, to treat with contemptuous merriment.
RIDICULOUS, re-dlk-ku-lus, adj. Worthy of
laughter, exciting contemptuous merriment.
RIDICULOUSLY, re-dlk-kii-Ius-1^, adv. In a man-
ner worthy of laughter or contempt.
RIDICULOUSNESS, ri-dlk-ki-lfis-nds, «. The qua-
lity of being ridiculous.
RIDING, rUdlng, part. adj. Employed to travel
on any occasion.
HIDING, ridding, ». 410. A district visited by an
officer.
RiDiNGCOAT, rl'-dlng-k6te, *. A coat made to
keep out the weather.
RlDINGHOOD, ri^dlng-hud, *. A hood used by
women, when they travel, to bear off the rain.
RlDOTTO, re-d6tit6, s. An entertainment of sing-
ing ; a kind of opera.
RlE, ri, s. An esculent grain.
RlFE, rife,, adj. Prevalent, abounding. It is now
only used of epidemical distempers.
RlFELY, rife-le1, adv. Prevalently, abundantly.
RlFENESS, rlfeine's, s. Prevalence, abundance.
To RlFLE, ri-fl, v. a. 405. To rob, to pillage, to
plunder.
RlFLER, ri-fl-5r, *. Robber, plunderer, pillager.
RlFT, rift, s. A cleft, a breach, an opening.
To RlFT, rift, v. a. To cleave, to split.
To RIFT, rift, v. n. To burst, to open ; to belch,
to break wind.
To RIG, rig, r. a. To dress, to accoutre ; to fit witb
tackling,
RlGADOON, rlg-i-d35n,' s. A dance.
RlGATION, ri-ga-shun, s. The act of watering.
RIGGER, rlg-gfir, j. 382. One that rigs or dresses,
RIGGING, rig-Ing, s. 410. The sails or tackling of
a ship.
RlGGISH, rlgMsh, adj. 382. Wanton, whorish.
To RlGGLE, rlgigl, v. M. 405 To move back-
ward and forward, as shrinking from pain ; properly,
wriggit.
RIGHT, rite, adj. 393. Fit, proper, becoming, true;
not mistaken, just, honest; convenient; not leftf
straight, not crooked.
RlCHT, rite, interj. An expression of approbation.
RIN
441
KIT
167, n5t 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299— pSund 313— tfi'm 466 — THIS 469
RIGHT, rile, adv. Properly, justly, exactly, accord-
ing to truth ; in a direct line; in a great degree, very ;
nut used except in titles, as, Right honourable, Right
reverend.
RIGHT, rite, 5. Justioe, freedom from error ; just
claim ; that which justly belongs to one ; property, in-
terest; power, prerogative; immunity, privilege; the
side not left ; to rights, in a direct line, straight ; deli-
verance from error.
To RIGHT, rite, i>. a. To do justice to, to establish
in pos-essions justly claimed, to relieve from wrong.
RIGHTEOUS, ri-tsht*-&s, adj. 26:J. 464. Just, ho-
nest, virtuous, uncorrupt; equitable.
RIGHTEOUSLY, rUtsh^ &s-l£, adv. Honestly, vir-
tuously.
RIGHTEOUSNESS, ri'tsh^-us-n£s, s. Justice, ho-
nesty, virtue, goodness.
RIGHTFUL, rite^ful. adj. Having the right, having
the just claim ; honest, just.
RIGHTFULLY, rite-ful-4, adv. According to right,
according to justice.
RIGHT HAND, rite-hind,' s. Not the left.
RlGHTFULNESS, rlte-ful-n£s, s. Moral rectitude.
RlGHTLY, rlte-l£. adv. According to truth, proper-
ly, suitably, not erroneously ; honestly, uprightly, ex-
actly ; straightly, directly.
RlGHTNESS, rlte-n£s, s. Conformity to truth, ex-
emption from being wrong, rectitude; straightness.
RIGID, rld-jld, adj. 380. Stiff, not to be bent, un-
pliant ; severe, inflexible ; sharp, cruel.
RIGIDITY, re-jltW-t^, 5. Stiffness ; stiffness of ap-
pearance, want of easy or airy elegance.
RlGIDLY, rld-jld-ld, adv. Stiffly, unpliantly ; si
verely, inflexibly.
RlG DNESS, rid-jld-n^s. s. Severity, inflexibility.
RlGOL, ri-g&l, s. A circle ; in Shakespeare, a dia-
dem. Not used.
RIGOUR, rlgig&r, *. 3 1 4. 544. Cold, stiffness ; a
convulsive shuddering with sense of cold ; severity,
sternness, want of condescension to others ; severity oi
conduct; stricmess, unabated exactness; hardness.
RIGOROUS, rlg-g&r-us, adj Severe, allowing no
abatement.
RIGOROUSLY, rlgig&r-&s-li, adv. Severely, with-
out tenderness or mitigation.
RlLL, rll, s. A small brook, a little streamlet.
To RlLL, rll, ; . n. To run in small streams.
RlLLET, ril-llt, *. 99. A small stream.
RlM, rl iii, .«. A border, a margin ; that which en-
circles something else.
RlME, rime, s. Hoar frost, not used ; a hole, a chink.
To RlMPLE, rlm-pl, v. a. 4O5. To pucker, to con-
tract into corrugations.
RlND, rind, s. 1O5. Bark, husk.
RlNG, ring, ». 57. A circle; a circle of gold or o-
ther metal worn as an ornament; a circle of metal to
be held by ; a circular course ; a circle made by persons
standing round ; a number of bells harmonically tun-
ed ; the sound of bells or any other sonorous body ;
sound of any kind.
To RlNG, ring, v. a. To strike bells or any other
sonorous body, so as to make it sound ; to encircle
to fit with a ring; to restrain a hog by a ring in his nose
RINGTAIL, ring-tile, s. A kind of kite.
RINGWORM, rlng-w&rm, ». A circular tetter.
To RlNSE, rinse, v. a. To wash, to cleanse by wash-
ing ; to wash the soap out of clothes.
J5^- This word is often corruptly pronounced as if writ-
en reuse, rhyming with setae; but this impropriety is
daily losing ground, and is now almost confined to the
ower order of speakers.
RlNSER, rlnsi-ur, t. 98. One that washes or rinses,
a washer.
RlOT, rl-ut, *. 1 66. Wild and loose festivity ; a
sedition, an uproar ; to run riot, to move or act with-
out control or restraint.
To RlOT, rl'&t, v. n. To revel, to be dissipated
in luxurious enjoyments; to luxuriate, to be tumultu-
ous ; to banquet luxuriously ; to raise a sedition or up-
loar.
RIOTER, rl-6t-&r, s. 98. One who is dissipated in
luxury ; one who raises an uproar.
RIOTOUS, rl-fit-us, adj. 314. Luxurious, wanton,
licentiously festive; seditious, turbulent.
RIOTOUSLY, rl-ut-&s-l^, ado. Luxuriously, with
licentious luxury ; seditiously, turbuluntly.
RlOTOUSNESS, ri-at-us-n&i, s. The state of being
riotous.
To RIP, rip, v. a. To tear, to lacerate ; to undo
any thing sewed ; to disclose; to bring to view.
RlPE, ripe, adj. Brought to perfection in growth,
mature; complete; proper for use; advanced to the
perfection of any quality ; brought to the point of tak-
ing effect, fully matured j fully qualified by gradual im-
provement.
To RlPE, ripe, v. n. To ripen, to grow ripe, to be
matured.
To RlPE, ripe, v, a. To mature, to make ripe.
Not used.
RlPELY, rlpe^-le, adv. Maturely, at the fit time.
To RlPEN, ri-pn, v. n. 103. To grow ripe.
To RlPEN, ri-pn, v. a. To mature, to make ripe.
RIPENESS, ripe-n£s, *. The state of being ripe,
maturity.
RlPPER, rip-pur, s. 98. One who rips, one who
tears, one who lacerates.
To RlPPLE, ripipl, v. n. 405. To fret on the sur-
face, as water swiftly running.
RlPPLING, rlp-llng, s. A moving roughnes* on
the surface of a running water.
To RiSE, rize, v. n. To change a jacent or recum-
bent to an erect posture ; to get up from rest; to pet
up from a fall; to spring, to grow up; to gain eleva-
tion of rank or fortune; to swell; to ascend, to move
upwards; to break out from below the horizon as the
sun ; to begin to act ; to be excited ; to break into mili-
tary commotions, to make insurrections ; to be roused,
to be excited to action ; to increase in price ; to elevate
the style ; to be revived from death ; to be elevated in
situation.
RISE, rise, 5. 437. 560. The act of rising ; elevat-
ed place; appearance of the sun in the east; increase
of price ; beginning, original ; elevation, increase of
sound.
Jt^- This word very properly takes the pure sound of
s, to distinguish it from the verb, but does not adhere to
this distinction so inviolably as the nouns use, excuse, <kc.
for we sometimes hear " the Rise and Kail of the Ron, an
Empire." " the rise and fall of provisions," &c. with the
To RlNG, ring, v. n. To sound as a bell or sono- s like t. The pure *, however, is more agreeable to ana-
rous metal; to practise the art of making mu-ick with i logy, and ought to be scrupulously preserved in these
bells; to sound, to resound; to utter as a bell; to tin- phrases by all correct speakers — See Principles, No. 437.
kle ; to be filled with a bruit or report.
RlNG-BONE, ring-bone, s. A haid callous substance
growing in the hollow circle of the little pastern of a
horse ; it sometimes goes quite round like a ring.
RINGDOVE, ring-d&v, s. A kind of pigeon.
RlNGER, rlng^ur, s. 98. 409. He who ringi.
RINGLEADER, rlng-ld-dur, t. The head of a riot.
ous body.
RjNGLET, r!ngU£t, s. 99. A small ring ; a circle ;
a curl.
RINGS-FREAKED, rlng-str^kt, adj. Circularly
itreakoO.
499.
RISER, rl-zur, s. 98. One that rises.
RISIBILITY, rlz-^-blW-te, s. Thequality oflaughing.
RISIBLE, rlz^-bl, adj. 4O5. Having the faculty or
power of laughing; ridiculous, exciting laughter.
RlSK, risk, s. Hazard, danger, chance of harm.
To RlSK, risk, v. a. To hazard, to put to chance,
to endanger.
RlSKER, tisk-ur, s. 98. He who riski.
RlTE, rite, s. Solemn act of religion, external ob-
servance.
ROB
442
ROL
fc^- 559- File 73, fir 77, fill 83, RU 81 — m£ 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 162, move 164,
A-b&st,' 7 ,.
i i_x it r f ocl). Strong, Yigor-
:s, ro-bfistiyas, }
RlTUAL, rlt-tshili-al, adj. 463. Solemnly ceremo-
nious, done according Co some religious institution.
RlTl'AL, rlt-tshu-M, s. A book in which the rites
and observances of reunion are set down.
RlTUALIST, rlt-tshdi-al-lst, s. One skilled in the
Ritual.
RlVAI., rl^val, *. 88. One who is in pursuit of the
same thing which another man pursues ; a competitor ;
a competitor in love.
RIVAL, ri-viU, ailj. Standing in competition, mak-
ing the same claim ; emulous.
To RIVAL, rl-val, v. a. To stand in competition
with another, to oppose ; to emulate, to endeavour to
equal or excel.
To RIVAL, riival. v. n. To be in competition.
RlVALITY, rl-val^te, >
i, ,. i f S. Competition, emulation.
RIVALRY, ri-val-re, J
RlVALSHIP, rl-val-shlp, s. The state or character
of a rival.
To RIVE, rive, v. a.jxirt. Riven. To split, to cleave,
to divide by a blunt instrument.
To RlVEL, rlvM, t). a. 102. To contract into
wrinkles and corrugations.
RlVEN, rlv-vn, part, of Rive, 103.
RlVER, rlvi&r, *. 98. A land-current of water larger
than a brook.
RIVER-DRAGON, r1vi&r-drag-&n, s. A crocodile ;
the name given by Milton to the king of Egypt.
RlVER-GOD, rlv-fir-gAd, s. Tutelary deity of a river.
RIVER-HORSE, rlvi&r- horse, s. Hippopotamus.
RlVET, rlvilt, *. 99. A fastening phi clenched at
both ends.
To RlVET, rlviit, v. a. To fasten with rivets ; to
fasten strongly, to make immoveable.
RlVULET, rlv-6il4t, s. A small river, a brook, a
streamlet.
RlXDOLLAR, rlksidAl-l&r, s. A German coin, worth
four shillings and sixpence sterling.
ROACH, rAtsh, s. 295. A fish.
ROAD, ride, s. 29.5. Large way, pa»h ; ground
where ships may anchor; inroad, incursion— not used ;
journey.
To ROAM, rime, v. n. 295. To wander without
any certain purpose, to ramble, to rove.
To ROAM, rome, v. a. To range, to wander over.
ROAMER, rA^mftr, s. 98. A rover, a rambler, a
wanderer.
ROAN, rone, adj. 295. Bay, sorrel, or black, with
grey or white spots interspersed.
To ROAR, rAre, v. n. To cry as a lion or other |
wild beast; to cry in distress; to sound as the wind or
sea ; to make a loud noise.
ROAR, r6re, s. 295- The cry of a lion or other beast ;
an outcry of distress ; a clamour of merriment ; the
sound of the wind or sea ; any loud noise.
ROARY, rA-r<*, adj. Dewy.
To ROAST, rAst, v. a. 295. To dress meat, by
turning it round before the fire ; to dress at the fire
without water; to heat any thing violently ; to rule the
Roast, to govern, to manage, to preside.
%£• It is a little singular, that instead of the participle
of this verb, we should use the verb itself foi the adjective,
in roast beef, a roast fowl; whilst we say a roasted apple, \
a roasted i>otato, and, as Shakespeare has it,a.roastal egg.
ROB, rob, s Inspissated juices.
To HOB, rob, v. a. To deprive of any thing by un-
lawful force, to plunder ; to take away unlawfully.
ROBBKR, rubibur, s. 98. A thief, one that robs
by force, or steals by secret means.
RoBliKRY, r5bibCir-^, s. Theft perpetrated by force
or i-.ith privacy.
ROBE, robe, s. A gown of state, a dress of dignity.
1\> ROBE, robe, v. a. To dress pompously, to invest
ROBIN, rob-bin,
ROIMN-REU-IWKAST, r&b-bln-r&Ubrest, s- A
bird so min.cd from his red breast.
. ROBUST, rA-b&st,'
ROBUSTIOUS,
ous, boisterous, violent.
ROBUSTNESS, rA-bfist-nis, s. strength, vigour.
ROCAMBOLE, rok-am-bAle, s. A sort of wild gai^
lick.
ROCHE-ALUM, rAtsh-al-lum, s. A purer kind of
alum.
ROCK, role, s. A vast mass of stone ; protection,
defence, a spiritual sense ; a distaff held in the hand,
from which the wool was spun by twirling a ball below.
To ROCK, rAk, v. a. To shake, to move backwards
and forwards; to move the cradle in order to procure
sleep ; to lull, to quiet.
To ROCK, rAk, v. n. To be violently agitated, to
reel to and fro.
ROCK-DOE, rok^dA, s. A species of deer.
ROCK-RUBY, rAk-r66-be, s. The garnet when it
is of a very strong, but not deep red, and has a fair cast
of the blue.
ROCK-SALT, rAkisalt, s. Mineral salt.
ROCKER, rAk^k&r, *. 98. One who rocks the
cradle.
ROCKET, rAkiklt, *. 99. An artificial firework.
ROCKLESS, rAk-l^s, adj. Being without rocks.
RoCKROSE, rokirAze, s. A plant.
ROCKWORK, rAk-w&rk, s. Stones fixed in mortar,
in imitation of the asperities of rocks.
ROCKY, rAkikt*, adj. Full of rocks; resembling a
rock ; hard, stony, obdurate.
ROD, rod, s. A long twig ; any thing long and
slender ; an instrument for measuring ; an instrument
of correction made of twigs.
RODE, rode, pret. of Rida
RODOMONTADE, rAd-A-mAn-tade/ $. An empty
noisy bluster or boast, a rant.
ROE, ro, *. A species of deer ; the female of the
hart.
ROE, rA, s. The eggs of fish.
ROGATION, rA-ga-shun, s. Litany, supplication.
ROGATION-WEEK, ro ga-shun-\ve£k, s. The
week immediately preceding Whit-suuday.
ROGUE, rAg, s. 337. A vagalxmd ; a knave, a viU
lain, a thief; a name of slight tenderness and endear-
ment ; a wag.
To ROGUE, rAg, j>. n. To wander, to play the va-
gabond ; to play knavish tricks.
ROGUERY, rAig&r-«J, s. 98. Knavish tricks; wag-
gery, arch tricks.
±iOGl-ESHir, rAgishlp, s. The qualities or per-
sonage of a rogue.
ROGUISH, ro^glsh, ad). Knavish, fraudulent ; wag-
gish, slightly mischievous.
ROGUISHLY, rA-glsh-le, adv. Like a rogue, knav-
ishly, wantonly.
ROGUISHNESS, rA-glsh-n&, «. The qualities of a
rogue.
RoGL'Y, rA-ge, adj. 345. Knavish, wanton.
To RoiST, roist, ?
,- , j J- v. n. To behave turbulenUr,
To ROISTER, roisi-tar, ^
to act at discretion, to be at free quarter, to bluster.
ROISTER, rois-tur, s. 299. A turbulent, brutal,
lawless, blustering fellow.
To ROLL, rAle, v. a. 406. To move any thing by
volutation, or successive application of tlie ditlcrent
pans of the surface to the ground ; to move any thing
round upon its axis ; to move in a circle ; to produce a
periodical revolution; to wrap round upon itself; to
mwrap, to involve in bandage ; to form by rolling into
round masses; to pour in a stream or waves.
To ROLL, rAle, v. n. To be moved by the succes-
sive application of all parts of the surface to the ground ;
to run on wheels : to perform a periodical revolution ;
to move with appearance of circular direction ; to float
in rough water ; to move as waves or volumes of wa-
ter ; to fluctuate, to move tumultuously; to revolve
on its axis ; to be moved lumultuoutly.
noo
443
ROS
nor 167, not 163 — tibe 171, tfib 172, b&Il 173 — 511 299 — po&nd 313 — t/t'm 466 — THIS 469.
ROLL, role, *. The act of rolling, the state of be- ROOM, ro6m, s. 306. Space, extent of place; space
ins; rolled ; the thing rolling; mass made round ; writ- or place unoccupied ; wav unobstructed; place of ano-
ing rolled upon itself; a round body rolled along ; pub- i ther, stead; unobstructed opportunity ; an apartment
lick writing : a register, a catalogue ; chronicle. | in a house.
ROLLER, ro-l&r, s. 98. Any thing turning on its RoOMAGE, rooinildje, i. 9O. Space, place,
own axis, as, a heavy stone to level walks ; bandage, j HoOMlNESS, r66m^-n£s, s. Space, quantity of ex-
ROMAGE, r&m-inldje, s. 90. A tumult, a bustle,
an active and tumultuous search for any thing.
ROMANCE, ro manse/ s. A military fable of the
middle ages, a tale of wild adventures in war and love ;
a lie, a fiction.
To ROMANCE, r6-manse,' v. n. To lie, to forge.
ROMANCER, r6-mans-ur, $. 98. A liar, a forger
lodge, in burlesque.
ROOT, root, s. 306. That part of the plant which
rests in the ground, and supplies the steins with nour-
ishment; the bottom, the lower part ; a plain of whieh
the root is esculent , the original, the first cause : ilie
first ancestor ; fixed residence ; impression, durable ef-
fect.
To ROOT, r&6t, v. n. To fix the root, to strike far
of tales. I into the earth ; to turn up earth.
To ROMANIZE, ro-man-ize, v. a. To Latinize, to To ROOT, root, v. a. To fix deep in the earth ; to
fill with modes of the Roman speech.
ROMANTICK, r6-man-tik, adj. Resembling the
tales of romances, wild ; improbable, false ; fanciful,
full of wild scenery.
ROMAN, roi-man, adj. 88. Belonging to Rome.
ROME, ro5m, s. The capital city of Italy, supposed
to have been founded by Romulus, and once the mis-
tress of the world.
Jt5- The o in this word seems irrevocably fixed in the
English sound of tha1 letter in move, prove, &c. Pope, in-
deed, rhymes it with dome ;
" Thus when we view some well-proportion'd dame,
a The world's just wonder, and ev'n thine, O Rome .'"—
But, as Mr. Nares observes, it is most probable that he
pronounced this word as if written doom, as he rhymes
Rome with doom afterwards in the same poem.
" From the same foes at last both felt their dam ;
" And the same age saw learning fall and H.mic."
Essay on Critkiim, v. 685.
The truth is, nothing certain can be concluded from the
rhyming of poets. It may serve to confirm an establish-
ed usage, but can never direct us where usage is various
and uncertain. But the pun which Shakespeare puts in-
to the mouth of Cassius in Julius Caesar, decidedly shows
what was the pronunciation of this word in his time :
" Now it is Rome, indeed, and room enough,
" When there is in it but one only man."
And the Grammar in Queen Anne's time, recommended
by Steele, says, the city Rome is pronounced like ronm ;
and Dr. Jones, in his Spelling Dictionary, 1704, gives it
the same sound.
ROMP, rSmp, s. A rude, awkward, boisterous,
untaught girl ; rough, rude play.
To ROMP, romp, v. n. To play rudely, noisily,
and boisterously.
RONDEAU, r&n-do,' s. A kind of ancient poetry,
commonly consisting of thirteen verses, of which eight
have one rhyme and five another ; it is divided into
three parts, and at the end of the second and third, the
beginning of the Rondeau is repeated in an equivocal
sense.
RoNION, r&niy&n, s. 113. A fat bulky woman.
RoNT, r&nt, s. 165. An animal stinted in the
growth.
ROOD, rood. s. 306. The fourth part of an acre
in square measure; a pole, a measure of sixleen feet
and a half in long measure ; the cross.
ROOF, roof, s. 30b". The cover of a house ; the
vault, the inside of the arch that covers a building ; the
palate, the upper part of the mouth.
To ROOF, root', v. a. To cover with a roof; to
enclose in a house.
RoOFY, roof-e, adj. Having roofs.
ROOK, rook, s. 306. A bird resembling a crow, it
feeds not on carrion but grain; a piece at chess; a
cheat, a trickish rapacious fellow.
To RoOK, rook, v. n. To rob, to cheat.
ROOKERY, r66k-ur-e, s. A nursery of rooks.
ROOKY, rook-e, adj. Inhabited by rooks.
impress deeply ; to turn up out of the ground ; to e-
icate ; to extirpate; to destroy, to banish.
imp:
raui<
ROOTED, root-fid, adj. Fixed deep, radical.
ROOTEDLY, r66t-ed-l<*, adv. Deeply, strongly.
ROOTY, rootle, adj. Full of roots.
ROPE, ripe, s. A cord, a string, a halter ; any row
of things depending, as, a rope of onions.
To ROPE, ripe, v. n. To draw out in a line as vis.
cous matter.
ROPEDANCER, rope-dans-&r, s. An artist who
dances on a rope.
ROPINESS, r6-p^-n£s, s. Viscosity, glutinousness.
RoPEMAKF.R, rope-make-&r, s. One who make*
ropes to sell.
ROPERY, ropi'-ur-£, s. Rogue's tricks. Not used.
RoPETRICK, ropt-trlk, s. Probably rogue's tricks,
tricks that deserve the halter. An old cant woid.
RoPY, ro-pe\ adj. Viscous, tenacious, glutinous.
ROQUELAURE, rok-^-lor,' s. French. A cloak foi
men.
RoiUFLROUS, ro rlf-f£r-&s, adj. Producing dew.
RoRlFLUENT, ro-rif-flu-£nt, adj. 518. Flowing
with dew.
RoSAllY, ri-zar-£, s. 440. A string of beads, on
which prayers are numbered. A place abounding with
roses.
ROSCID, ros-sld, adj. Dewy, abounding with dew.
ROSE, rozi-, s. A flower ; to speak under the Rose,
to speak any thing with safety, so as not afterwards to
be discovered.
ROSE, roze, Pret. of Rise.
ROSEATE, ro-zhe at, adj. 91. 452. Rosy, full 01
ruses; blooming, fragrant, as a rose.
ROSED, rozd, adj. 359. Crimsoned, flushed.
ROSEMARY, roze-ma-ri, s. A plant.
RosE-NOBLE, roze-no-bl, s. An English gold coin,
in value, anciently, sixteen shillings.
ROSE-WATER, iozo-wa-tCir, s. Water distilled from
roses.
RosET, ro-zih, s. A red colour for painters.
ROSIN, roz-zin, s. Inspissated turpentine, a juice
of the pine; any inspissated matter of vegetables that
dissolve in spirit.
foj" When this word is used in a general or philosophi-
cal sense for the fat sulphurous part of vegetables, it u
generally termed resin; when in a more coi.-4incd sense,
signit'x ing the inspissated juice of turpentine, it is culled
rotln.
" Bouzelms who could sweetly sinjr,
" Or with the rasin'J bow torment the string."— Gay.
To ROSIN, roz-zin, v. a. To rub with rosin.
RosiNY, r&z-zln-e!, adj. Resembling rosia
RosSEL, ros-sll, s 99. Light land.
ROSTRATED, r&s-tra-ttkl, adj. Adorned with beakj
ROU
444
ROW
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93, mil 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 162, move 164,
ROSTRUM, rostrum, i. The beak of a bird ; the
Ix-ik of a ship ; the scaffold whence orators harangued ;
tin- pipe which conveys Ihe distilling liquor into its re-
ceiver in the common alembicks.
ROSY, rA-z^, adj. 438. Resembling a rose in bloom,
beauty, colour, or fragrance.
T^ HOT. rot, t;. rt. To putrefy, to lose the cohesion
of its |>arts.
To ROT, rot, v. a. To make putrid, to bring to cor-
ruption.
ROT, rot, *. A distemper among fheep, in which
their lungs are wasted ; putrefaction, putrid decay.
ROTARY, rA^ta-ri, adj. Whirled as a wheel.
ROTATED, ro^ta t£d, adj. Whirling round.
ROTATION, rA-taishun, s. The act of whirling
round like a wheel ; revolution ; the act of taking any
thing in turn.
ROTATOR, rA-ta-tnr, s. 1 66. That which gives a
circular motion.
ROTE, rote, J. Words uttered by mere memory
without meaning, memory of words without compre-
hension of the sense.
To ROTE, rote, t;. a. To fix in the memory with-
out informing the understand ing.
RoTGUT, r6t-gllt, *. Bad small beer. A low term.
ROTTEN, rot-tn, adj. 103. Putrid, carious; not
trusty, not sound.
ROTTENNESS, rot-tn-n5s, *. State of being rotten,
cariousness putrefaction.
ROTUND, ro-tund,' adj. Round, -circular, spherical.
RoTUNDlFOLIOUS, rA-tun-d^-fA^l^-us, adj. Hav-
ing round leaves.
ROTUNDITY, rA-tun-d^-tti, s. Roundness, circu-
larity.
ROTUNDO, rA-tunidA, *. A building formed round
both in the inside and outside, such as the Pantheon at
Borne.
To ROVE, rAve, v. n. To ramble, to range, to wander.
To ROVE, rAve, v. a. To wander over.
ROVER, ro^vur, t. 98. A wanderer, a ranger j a
fickle, inconstant man ; a robber, a pirate.
ROUGE, roOzhe, *. French. Red paint to paint the
face.
ROUGH, ruf, adj- 314. 391. Not smooth, rugged ;
austere to the taste ; harsh to the ear ; rugged of tem-
per, inelegant of manners ; harsh to the mind, severe ;
hard-featured ; not polished ; rugged, disordered in ap-
pearance ; stormy, boisterous.
To ROUGHCAST, ruP-kast, v. a. To mould with-
out nicety or elegance, to form with asperities and in-
equalities ; to plaster with rough mortar; to form any
thing in its first rudiments.
ROUGHCAST, rufckast, *. A rude model, a form
in its rudiments; a kind of rough plaster.
ROUGHDRAUGHT, rufidraft, *. A draught in its
rudiments.
To Roi'GHDRAW, rufidrlw, v a. To trace coarsely.
To ROUGHEN, ruf-fn, r. a. 103. To make rough.
To ROUGHHEW, ruf-hu,' v. a. To give to any thing
the first apiiearance of form.
RouGHHEWN, r&f-hune,' part. adj. Rugged, un-
polished, uncivil, unrefined ; not yet nicely finished.
ROUGHLY, rOI-14, adv. With uneven surface, with
asperities on the surface; harshly, uncivilly, rudely;
severely, without tenderness; austerely to the taste;
boisterously, tempestuously ; harshly to the ear.
ROUGHNESS, rufin&s, t. Superficial asperity, un-
evenness of surface ; austereness to the taste ; taste of
astringeney ; harshness to the ear ; ruggedness of tem-
per ; coarseness of manners, tendency to rudeness ; ab-
sence of delicacy ; severity, violence of discipline ; vio-
lence of operation in medicines; unpolished or un-
finished state ; inelegance of dress or appearance; tem-
pestuousness, storminess; coarseness of features.
ROUGH-RIDER, ruf-rUdur, *. One that breaks
horses for riding.
RoUGHT, rawt, Old pret. of Reach, 319. Reached
To ROUGHWOKK, ruf-w&rk, t;. a. To work
coarsely over without the least nicety.
ROUNCEVAL, roun-se-vil, s. 313. A sp.-cies of
pea.
ROUND, round, adj. 313. Cylindrical; circular;
spherical; not broken ; large, not inconsiderable; plain,
candid, open ; quick, brisk ; plain, free without deli-
cacy, almost rough.
ROUND, round, *. A circle, a sphere, an orb; run-
die, step of a ladder; the time in which any thing ha*
passed through all hands, and comes back to the first ;
a revolution, a course ending at the point where it be-
gan ; a walk performed by a guard or officer, to survey
a certain district.
ROUND, round, adv. Every way, on all side* ; in a
revolution; circularly; not in a direct line.
ROUND, round, prep. On every side of; about,
circularly about ; all over.
To ROUND, round, v. a. To surround, to encircle;
to make spherical or circular; fo raise to a relief; to
move about any thing; to mould into smoothness.
To ROUND, round, v. n. To grow round in form ;
to whisper ; to go round.
ROUNDABOUT, roiind-a-bout, adj. Ample, circui.
tons ; indirect, loose.
ROUNDEL, roundel, 7
ROUNDELAY, roinid.Ua, £ '• A kind of ancien*
poetry ; a round form or figure.
ROUNDER, rotmd-Cir, s. 98. Circumference, en-
closure. Not used.
ROUNDHEAD, roundihe'd, ». A puritan, so named
from the practice once prevalent among them of crop-
ping their hair round.
ROUNDHOUSE, round-house, *. The constable's
prison, in which disorderly persons found in the street
are confined.
ROUNDISH, round-lsh, adj. Somewhat round, ap-
proaching to roundness.
ROUNDLY, r6und-l£, adv. In a round form, in a
round manner ; openly, plainly, without reserve ; brisk-
ly, with speed ; completely, to the purpose ; vigorous-
ly, in earnest.
ROUNDNESS, round-n^s, s. Circularity, sphericity,
cylindrical form ; smoothness ; honesty, openness, vi-
gorous measures.
To ROUSE, rouze, v. a. 313. To wake from rest;
to excite to thought or action ; to put into action ; to
drive a beast from his lair.
To ROUSE, rouze, v. n. To awake from slumber ;
to be excited to thought or action.
ROUSE, rouze, «. A dose of liquor rather too large.
ROUSER, r5u-zur, s. One who rouses.
ROUT, rout, i. 313. A clamorous multitude, a
rabble, a tumultuous crowd; confusion of any army
defeated or dispersed.
To ROUT, rout, v. a. To dissipate and put into
confusion by defeat.
ROUTE, rout, or root, s. Road, way.
Jt5" Upon a more accurate observation of the best usage,
I must give the preference to the first sound of this word,
notwithstanding its coincidence in sound with another
word of a different meaning ; the fewer French sounds of
this diphthong we have in our language, the better ; nor
does there appear any necessity for retaining the fiual e.
See Bowl. — Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Smith make a difference
between rou', a rabble, and route, a road ; Mr. Scott gives
both sounds, but si-ems to prefer the first ; W. Johnston,
Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Perry, pronounce both alike, and
with the first sound.
ROUTINE, roo-t^n,' j. 112.
}fj- , his is a French word adopted to express any prac-
tice, proceeding in the same regular way, without any al-
teration according to circumstances.
Row, rA, s. 324. A rank or file, a number of
things ranged in a line.
To Row, rA, v. n. To impel a vessel in the water
by oars.
To ROW, rA, v. a. To drive or help forward by oar*.
ROWEL, r3u-il, s. 322. The point of a fpur turn-
ing on an axis; a seton, a roil of hair or silk put into
RITO
444
n'r 167, not 163 — tt'ibe 171,. t&b 172, bull I7.<? — oil 299 — pofind 313— thin 4£6i— TH!S «<x9.
the first elements of a science; the first part of educa-
tion ; the first inaccurate, unshapen beginning.
RuDJMENIAL, 160 (W-m^nt-ul, adj. Initial, re-
lating to first principles.
To RUE, rou, v. a. 339. To grieve for, or regret;
to lament.
RUE, rod, s. An ,herb called Kerb of .Grace, be-
cause holy water was sprinkled with it.
RUEFUL, ruw-lul, adj. 174. Mournful, woful,
sorrowful.
RUEFULLY, ruo-ful-£, adv. Mournfully, sorrow-
fully.
RUEFULNESS, roS^ful-nls, *. Sorrowfnincs»,
mournfuhiess.
RiiKLLK, r66-£l,' s. (French.) A circle, an assem-
bly at a private bouse.
RUFF, ruf, «. A pu.tkered linen ornament formerly
worn about the jicek ; a small riyer fish; a state of
roughness.
JIUJFIAN, r&fiyan, s. 1 13. A brutal, boisterous,
mischievous fellow ; a cut-throat, a robber, a murderer.
RUFFIAN, rul-yin, adj. 'Brutal, savagely bois-
terous.
To RUFFLE, rfi#:1, v. a. 405. To disorder, to put
out of form, to make less smooth; to discompose, to
put out of temper ; to contract into plaits.
To RUFFLE, ruT'-rt, v. n. To grow rough or tur-
bulent; to be in loose motion, to flutter.
RUFFLE, ruf-fl, $. ^Plaited linen used as an orna-
ment ; disturbance, contention, tumult.
RuFTERHOOD, rQfitur-liud, s. In Falconry, a
hood to be worn by a hawk when she is first drawn.
ItUG, rug, s. A coarse nappy woollen .cloth ; a
coarse nappy coverlet used for mean beds ; a rough
woolly dog.
RUGGED, r&gigld, adj. 99. 366. Rough, full of
unevenncss and asperity ; savage of temper ; storm y,
rude, rough or harsh to the ear; surly; boisterous;
rough, shaggy.
RUGGEDLY, r&gCguMt*, adv. rln a rugged roanuer.
RuGGEDNF.SS, rfig-gid-iies, «. The state or qua-
lity of being rugged.
RuGOS,E, r&o-gosi'/ adj. 'Wrinkled.
RUIN, roo-In, s. 176. 339. The .fall or destruc-
tion of cities or edifices; the remains of a building de-
molished ; 'destruction, loss of happiness or fortune,
overthrow; mi.-ehief, bane.
To RUIN, roo-in, v. a- To subvert, to demolish ;
to destroy, to deprive of felicity or fortune ; to impo-
verish.
To RUIN, roO-in, v. n. To fall in ruins ; to run to
90. Ruins of luiild-
a wound to hinder it from healing and provoke a dis-
charge.
T<> LIOWEL, rofi-Il, v. a. To pierce through the
skin, and k*"ep the wound open by a rowel.
ROWKR, r6-fir, * 98. One tbat manages an .oar.
ROYAL, roe-il, adj. 329. Kingly, belonging to a
king, becoming a king, regal ; noble, illustrious.
ROYALIST, rye-al-Ist, s. Adherent to a king.
To ROYALISE, roei-al ize, <v. a. To make royal,
ROYALLY, roeiil-^. adv. In a kingly manner, re-
gally, as becomes a king.
ROYALTY, ro^-:il-t<£, s. Kingship, character or of-
fice of a king: state of a king; emblems of royalty.
ROYNISH, roe-nlsl], adj. 329. Paltry, sorry, mean,
rude. Not used.
To RUB, rub, v. a. To clean or smooth any thing
by passing something over it, to scour, to wipe; to
move one body upon another; to remove by friction ;
to touch hard ; to Rub down, todean orcufry a horse ;
to Rub uj», to excite, to awaken ; to polish, to rotoueh.
To RUB, rftb, v. n. To -fret, to make a friction j to
get through difficulties.
RUB, rub, S. Collision, hinderance, obstruction ; act
of rubbing ; inequality of ground that hinders the mo-
tion of a bowl ; difficulty, cause of uneasiness.
RUB-STON-E, r&bistone, *. A stone to scour or
sharpen.
RuBBF.R, rfi.b-bfir, S. 98. One th;t rubs; the in-
strument with which one rubs; a coarse file; a game,
a contest, two games out of three.
RUBBAGE, rub-bldje, )
RUBBISH, rubf-blsh, J
ing, fragments of matter used in building; confusion,
mingled glass; any thing vile and worthless.
RUBBLE-STONE, rftb-bl-suSiie, $. A stone rubbed
and worn by the water at the latter eml vf the deluge.
RUBICUND, roo-b<i-kund, adj. 339. Inclined to
redness.
RUBIED, ro5-bld, adj. 283. fled as a ruby.
RUBIFICK, rS5-blfiflk, adj. 509. Making red.
RUBIFOIIM, ro6-bd-f&-m, adj. Having the form of
red.
To RUBIFY, ruO-bd-Cl, v. a. 183. To make red.
RUBIOUS, r66-b£-6s, adj. 314. Buddy, red. Not
used.
RUBRICATED, i&6-bn*-ka-tM, adj. Smeared with
red.
RuBRICK, rSSibrik, s. Directions printed in books
of law, and in prayer-books, so termed, because they
were originally distinguished by being in red ink.
RUBY, roo-b^, x. A precious stone of a red colour,
next in hardness and value .to a diamond; redness; a-
ny thing red ; a blotch, a carbuncle.
RUBY, rdo-bi, adj. Of a red colour.
RucTATION, rQk-ta^sh&n, s. A belching arising
from wind and indigestion.
RUDDER, rud-d&r, s. 98. The instrument at the
stern of a vessel by which its course is governed; any
thing that guides or governs the course.
RUDDINESS, rid^de-p^s, s. The .quality of approach-
ing to redness.
RUDDLE, rSd-dl, t. 405. Red earth.
RUDDOCK, riid-duk, s. A kind of bird.
RUDDY, rfrd-dt^, atlj. Approaching to redness, pale
red; yellow.
RUDE, rood, adj. 339. Rough, coarse of manner*,
brutal, violent, tutbulqut; harsh, inclement ; raw, un-
taught ; rugged, shapeless, artless, inelegant ; such as
may be done with strength without art.
RuiJELY, ro6d-l£, adi>- In a rude manner ; un-
skilfully; violently, boisterously.
RUDENESS, r66d-u£s, s. Coarseness of manners,
incivility; violence, boistcrousness.
RUDESBY, roodz-be, S. An uncivil turbulent fellow.
Obsolete.
RUDIMENT, ro6id£-m£nt, *. The first principles,
ruin; to be brought to poverty or misery. Little used.
To RUINATE, r66-lll-Att>, v. a. To subvert, to de-
molish. Obsolete.
RUINATION, ro6-!n-a-shun, s. Subversion, .demo-
lition. Vulgar. Obsolete.
RUINOUS, ro6-ln-&s, adj. 314. Fallen to ruin, di-
lapidated; pernicious, baneful, destructive.
RUINOUSLY, rod-in-us-Iti, adv. In a ruinous
manner.
RULE, r65l, *. 339. Government, sway, supreme
command; an instrument by wbJch lines are drawn;
canon, precept by which the thoughts or actions ar.e di-
rected ; regularity, propriety of behaviour.
To RuLF, rS6l, v. .a. To govern, to control, -to ma-
nage with power and authority ; to settle as by rule.
To RULE. r66l, V. n. To have p«wer or coinuidiid.
RULER, roul'&r, S. 98. .Governor, one that hat
the supreme command ; an instrument, by live direc-
tion of which lines are drawn.
RUM, r6m, s. A country parson; a kind ul'sj.hit
distilled from molasses.
To RUMBLE, r&m-bl, v. n. 405. To majte a
hoarse, low, o,ii;iniitd noise.
RUMKI.EH, r,6m-bl-&r, a. The person or thing that
rumbles.
Rl'MlNANT, r.ui-ini-n/l,nt, adj. 339. Having the
property of uhcwing the cud.
2 Y
RUP 416 RYE
IS- 559. Fate 73, far 77, «3ll 83, fit 81— mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107— ni 162, m5ve 164,
To ffuMINATE, rSo-m£-nate, v. n. To chew the To Rl'PTUUE, rupitshire, v. a. To break, to burst,
cud ; to muse, to think again and again.
fj RUMINATE, r65-tn£-nate, v. a. To chew over
again ; to muse on, to meditate over and over again.
RUMINATION, loi-nieUna-sh&n, *. The property
or act of chewing the cud ; meditation, reflection.
To RUMMAGE, rom-miilje, v. a. 90. To search,
to plunder, to evacuate.
To RUMMAGE, rum-inklje, v. n. To search places.
RUMMER, rum-mur, s. 98. A glass, a drinking
cup.
RUMOUR, r65-mur, s. 314.339. Flying or popu-
lar report, bruit, fame.
To RUMOUR, ro5-m&r, v. a. To report abroad, to
bruit.
RuMOURER, r&oimur-iir, $. Reporter, spreader
of news.
RUMP, rump, s. The end of the back bone ; the
buttocks.
To RUMPLE, rum-pi, r. a. 405. To crush or
contract into puckers or creases.
RUMPLE, rom-pl, s. 405. Pucker, rough plait.
To RUN, run, Pret. Ran, v. n. To move swiftly,
to ply the legs in such a manner as that both feet are
at every step off the ground at the same time; to rush
violently; to take a course at sea ; to contend in a race;
to stream, to flow ; to be liquid, to be fluid ; to be fu-
sible, to melt; to pass, to proceed; to have a legal
course, to be practised ; to have a course in any direc-
tion ; to pass in thought or speech; to have a continual
tcnour of any kind; to be popularly known ; to have
reception, success, or continuance ; to proceed in a cer-
tain order ; to be in force ; to be generally received ; to
have a track or course ; to make a gradual progress :
to cxcern pus or matter; to become irregular, to change
to
xeern pu
omethin
igwiid; to get by artifice or fraud ; to fall,
to pass ; to have a general tendency ; to proceed as on
a ground or principle ; to Run after, to search for, to
endeavour as though out of the way ; to Run away
wi'.h, to hurrv without consent; vo Run in with, to
close, to comply ; to Run on, to be continued ; to Run
over, to be so full as to overflow ; to be so much as to
overflow ; to Run out, to be at an end ; to spread ex-
uberantly; to expatiate; to be wasted or exhausted.
To RUN, run, n. a. To pierce, to stab ; to force, to
drive; to force into any way or form; to drive with
violence ; to melt ; to incur ; to venture, to hazard ;
to imiH)rt or export without duty; to prosecute in
thought; to push; to Run down, to chase to weari-
ness; to crush, to overbear; to Run over, to recount
cursorily, to consider cursorily; to Run through, to
pierce to the farther surface, to spend one's whole estate.
RUN, run, s. The act of running, as, the play has
a great Run, I have had a Run of ill luck.
RUNAGATE, run-nu-gate, s. A fugitive, rebel, a-
jiostate.
RUNAWAY, r&nia-wa, s. One that flics from dan-
ger, a fugitive.
RUNOLE, run-dl, s. 405. A round, a step of a lad-
der ; a peritrochium, something put round an axis.
RUNDLET, rfind-Ht, i. 99. A small barrel.
RUNG, rung, pret. and jxirt. pass, of Ring.
RUNIC, ru-n'ik, adj. Denoting the old Scandina-
vian language.
RUNNKL, run-nil, s. 99. A rivulet, a small brook.
Little used.
RUNNER, r&n-nur, s. 98. One that runs ; a racer;
a mcsscng' r; a shooting sprig ; one of the stones of a
mill ; a bird.
RUNNET, run-nit, s. 99. A liquor made by steep-
ug the stomach of a calf in hot water, and used to eo-
agulate milk for curds and cheese.
RUNNION, run-yun, s. 113.
wretch. Out of use.
A paltry scurvy
RUNT, riant, s. Any small animal below the natural
growth of the kind.
RUPTION, rupish&n,
timnty
*. Breath, solution of con-
RuPTURE. rupitshure, J. 40'1. The act of break-
ing, state of being broken ; a breach of peace, open hos-
tility; bursteiincst; preternatural eruption of the gut
to sutler disruption
RUPTUREWORT, rupitsliur-vvurt, s. A plant.
RURAL, ro6-ral, adj. 88. 339 Country, exist-
ing in the country, not in cities; suiting the country,
resembling the country.
RURALITY, roo-raW-te, ? 3- The quality of bc-
RuRAl.NESS, r&5-ra]-n£s, $ ing tural.
RtlSH, rOsh, S. A plant ; any thing proverbially
worthless.
RUSH-CANDLE, rush-kani<H, *. A small blinking
taper, made by stripping a rush.
To RUSH, rush, v. n. To move with violence, to
go on with tumultuous rapidity.
RUSH, rush, *. A violent course.
RUSHY, rusli-^, adj. Abounding with rushes, made
of rushes.
RUSK, rusk, s. Hard bread for stores.
RUSSET, r&sish, adj. 99. Reddishly brown ; New-
ton seems to use it for grey; coarse, homespun, ru»-
tick.
RUSSKTING, r&s-slt-lng, *. A name given to ge.
i-eral sorts of pears or apples, from their colour.
RUST, rust, s. The red incrustation of iron ; the
tarnished or corroded surface of any metal ; loss of
power by inactivity ; matter bred by corruption or de-
generation.
To RUST, rust, v. ». To gather rust, to have the
surface tarnished or corroded; to degenerate in idle-
lies?.
To RUST, r&st, v. a. To make ru»ty ; to impair
by time or inactivity.
RUSTICAL, r&sittJ-kal, a({}. 88. Rough, boUte rous,
rude.
RUSTICALLY, rusit^-kal-i, adv. Rudely, inele-
gantly.
RusTICAI.NESS, r5sitt*-kal-n£s, s. The quality 01
being rustical, rudeness.
To RUSTICATE, rus-te-kite, v. n. To reside in the
country.
To RUSTICATE, r&s't^-kate, v. a. To banish
into the country.
RUSTICITY, r&s-tlsi<*-t£, s. Qualities of one that
lives in the country, simplicity, artlessness, rudeness;
rural appearance.
RUSTICK, rus^tik, adj. Rural, country ; rude, un-
taught, inelegant ; artless, honest, simple; plain, un-
adorned.
RUSTICS, r&s-tlk, S. A down, a swain, an inha-
bitant of the country.
RUSTINESS, rus^-nfc, s. The state of being rusty.
To RUSTLE, rus-sl, v. n. 472. To make a low
continued rattle.
RUSTY, rus-t£, adj. Covered with rust, infested
with rust; impaired by inactivity.
To RuT, r&t, v. n. To desire to come together. Used
of deer.
RUT, rut, 5. Copulation of deer; the track of a cart-
wheel.
RUTH, rooth, s. 339. Pity, tenderness, sorrow
for the mis'jry of another.
RuTHFUL, r&y/A-f&l, adj. Rueful, woful, sorrow-
ful.
RuTHFULLY, roo/^ful-e, adv. Wofully, tadly ,
sorrowfully, mournfully; wofully, in irony.
RUTHLESS, roo///-l£s, ndj. Ouei, pitiless.
RUTHLESSNESS, rou//>-les-n£s, s. Want of pity.
RUTHLESSLY, r6&/j-l£:>-le, ado. Without pity,
cruelly.
RuTTISH, rit-tlsh, adj. Wanton, libidinous, lech-
erous.
RYDER, riidar, j. A clause added to an act of par-
liament at its third reading.
RYE, ri, 5. A coarse kind of bread corn.
liYLGUASS, rl-grls, s. A kind of strong grasi.
SAC
447
SAG
noi J67, nut 163— lube 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 299 — pound 3KS— //jin 466— THIS 469.
SABBATH, sab-ba</<, s. A day appointed by
God among the Jews, and from them established among
Christians, for publick worship; the seventh day set
apart from works of labour, to he employed in piety ;
intermission of pain or sorrow, time of rest.
SABBATHBREAKF.R, sab-ba/A bra-kur, s. Viola-
tor of the sabbath by labour or wickedness.
SABBATICAL, sab-batit(i-kal, adj. Resembling the
sabbath, enjoying or bringing intermission of labour.
SAUBATISM, sab-ba-tlzm, s. Observance of the sab-
bath superstiiiously rigid.
SABINE, sab-ln, s. 140. A plant, savin.
SABLE, sa-bl, s. 405. Fur.
SABLE, sa-bl, adj. Black.
SABRE, sa-b£r, s. 416. A scimitar, a short sword
with a convex edge, a falchion.
SABULOSITY, sab-u-16s-4-t«i, s. Grittiness, sandi-
ness.
SABULOUS, sab-u-lus, adj. 314. Gritty, sandy.
SACCADE, sak-kade,' s. A violent check the rider
gives his horse by drawing both the reins suddenly.
SACCHARINE, sak-ka-rini?, adj. 149. 353. Hav-
ing the taste or any other of the chief qualities of sugar
SACERDOTAL, sas-£r do-tal, adj. 88. Priestly, be-
longing to the priesthood.
SACHEL, sutsh-il, s. 99. A small sack or bag.
SACHEM, sa-tsl)£m, s. The title of some American
chiefs.
SACK, sak, s. A bag, a pouch, commonly a Wge
bag ; the measure of three bushels ; a woman's loose
robe.
To SACK, sak, v. a. To put in bags ; to take by
storm, to pillage, to plunder.
SACK, sak, s. Storm of a town, pillage, plunder ; a
kind of sweet wine, now brought chiefly from the Ca
naries.
SACKBUT, sak-but, s. A kind of pi]*.
SACKCLOTH, sak-klof/J, s. Cloth of which sacks are
made; coarse cloth, sometimes worn in mortification.
SACKER, sik-kur, s. 98. One that takes a town.
SACKFUL, suk-f&l, s. A sack quite filled.
SACKPOSSET, sak-p&sislt, s. A posset made of milk
and sack.
SACRAMENT, suk-kra-m&it, S. An oafh, any cere-
mony producing an obligation ; an outward and visible
sign ot an inward and spiritual grace; the eucharist,
the holy communion.
j£5> This word, with sacrifice, sacrilege, and sacristy
is sometimes pronounced with the a in the first syllabi
long, as in sacred ; but this is contrary to one of the clear
est analogies in the language, which is, that the antepe
tuiltimate accent in simples, not followed by adiphlhong
always shortens the vowel it falls upon.— See Principles
No. 503.
Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston
Kenrick, Perry, and Kntick, pronounce these words as
have marked them.
.SACRAMENTAL, sak-kra-m£nt-al, adj. Constitut-
ing a sacrament, pertaining to a sacrament.
SACRAMENTALLY, sak-kri ment-al-i^, adv. Af
ter the manner of a sacrament.
SACRED, sa-krM, adj. Devoted to religious uses
holy; consecrated; inviolable.
SACREDLY, sa-kr^d-le, adv. Inviolably, religiously
SACREDNESS, sa-kr£d-n<5s, s. The suite of being
sacred, state of being consecrated to religious uses, hoi
in-..-, sanctity.
SACRIFICK, sa-krll'iflk, adj. 509. Employed i
sacrifice.
SACKIFICABLE, si\-krlfi^-ki bl, adj. Capable c
being i. fibred in sacrifice.
SACRIFICATOR, sak-kr^-f^-ka-tur, ». Sacrificer
I'fftrer ot' sacrifice.
SACRIFICATORY, sak-krif^fe-ka-tur-c1, adj. 512
Offering sacrifice.
To SACRIFICE, sakikr^-fize, v. a 351. To offer
to heaven, to immolate; to destroy or give up for the
sake of something else; to destroy, to kill ; to devote
with loss.
ro SACRIFICE, sak-kr<i-flze, v. n. To make offer-
ings, to offer sacrifice.
SACltrFICK, sakikre-flze, s. 351. 142. The act
of offering to heaven ; the thing offered to heaven, or
immolated; any thing destroyed or quitted for the sake
of something else; any thing' destroyed.
SACRIFICER, sak-kn*-fi zur, s. One who offers
sacrifice, one that immolates.
lACUIFlCIAI., sak-kre-flsh-al, adj. Performing
sacrifice, included in sacrifice.
SACRILEGE, sak-kre-lltlje, s. The crime of appro-
priating to himself what is devoted to religion ; tn<!
crime of robbing heaven. — See Sacrament.
lACRILEGlOUS, sak-krt^ leijus, adj. Violating
things sacred, polluted with the crime of sacrilege.
lACRiLEGiOUSLY, sak-kn*-le-jus-l<*, adv. With
sacrilege.
lACRING, sa-kring, jiart. 410. Consecrating.
SACRIST, sa-krist, 7 s> ^e tnat nas tne eare
SACRISTAN, sak-rls-tan, ) of the utensils or move-
ablcs of the church. — See Sacrament.
SACRISTY, sak-krls-t^, S. An apartment where the
consecrated vessels or moTeables of a church are de-
posited.
SAD, sad, adj. Sorrowful, habitually melancholy ;
afflictive, calamitous; bad; inconvenient; vexatious;
dark coloured.
To SADDEN, sad'dn, v. a. 103. To make sad ; to
make melancholy, to make gloomy.
SADDLF., sad-dl, s. 405. The scat which is put up-
on the horse for the accommodation of the rider.
To SADDLE, sid^dl, v. a. To cover with a saddle;
to load, to burden.
SADDLEBACKED, sid^d'-bakt, ad). Horses saddle-
backed, have their backs low, and a raised head and neck.
SADDLEMAKER, sadidl-ma-kur, >
.JMI I *• One whose
SADDLER, sad-lur, \
trade is to make saddles. — See Codle.
SADLY, sad-le, adv. Sorrowfully, mournfully ; ca-
lamitously, miserably.
SADNESS, sad-n^s, s. Sorrowfulness, dejection of
mind ; melancholy look.
SAFE, sate, adj. Free from danger or hur'- ; con-
ferring security ; no longer dangerous, teposited out of
the power of doing harm.
SAFE, safe, s. A buttery, a pantry.
SAFECONDUCT, safe-kon-dukt, s. Convoy, guard
through an enemy's country ; pass, warrant to pass.
SAFEGUARD, sal'e-gard, s. Defence, protection, se-
curity; convoy, guard through any interdicted road,
granted by the' possessor ; pass, warrant to pass.
SAFELY, safe-le, adu. In a safe mauner, without
danger; without hurt.
SAFENESS, safe-n^s, s. Exemption from danger.
SAFETY, saft-te, .'. Freedom from danger; exemp-
tion from hurt; custody, security from escape. — See
Nicety.
SAFFRON, siif-f&rn, s. 4 1 7. A plant.
SAFFRON, saf-furn, udj. Yellow, having the coloui
of saffron.
To SAG, sag, v. n. To hang heavy. Not in ust.
SAGACIOUS, sa-ga-shus, ndj. Quick of scent ; quick
of thought, acute in making discoveries.
SAGACIOUSLY, sa-ga-sl>us-le, adv. With quick
scent ; with acuteness of pern tration.
SAGACIOUSNESS, sa-ga-shus-n£s, s. The quality of
being sagacious.
SAGACITY, sa-gasist*-ttl, s. Quickness of scent ;
acuteness of discovery.
SAGE, sadje, s. A plant.
SAGE, sadje, adj. Wise, grave, prudent.
SAGF., sadje, s. A philosopher, a man of gravit>
and wisdom.
SAL
.448
SAL
559. FAte 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, mil 35— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mive 16«,
SAGELY, sidje-1^, <«/«• Wisely, prudently.
SAGENESS, sadje-nfc, i. Gravity, prudence.
SAGITTAL, sad-ji-til, adj. Belonging loan arrow ;
in Anatomy, a suture so called from its resemblance to
an arrow.
SAGITTARY, sadiji-ta r£, s. A centaur, an animal
half man half hore, armed with a bow and quiver.
Sagittarius, one of the signs of ihe Zodiac.
SAGO, sa-go, s. A kind of eatable grain.
SAID, s£d, 203. 222. Prel. and part. pax. of
fay. Aforesaid; declared, showed.
Jp5- This word, with paitl and laid, are a scandal to our
orthojrraphy. It appeared so to Cooke, the translator of
Hesiod, who spelled them regularly lai/etl, piiyfld, and
laijetl. " Perseus is toyed to have been sent by Pallas to
slay Medusa," Sic. page I.-.6.
SAIK, sa-lk, s. A Turkish vessel proper for the car-
riage of merchandise.
SAIL, sale, $. 202. The expanded sheet which
catches the wind and carries on the vessel through the
water; wings; a ship, arcssi-1; Sail is a collective word,
noting the number of ships; to strike Sail, to lower the
sail ; a proverbial phrase for abating of 410111 p or supe-
riority.
To SArt,, sale, v. n. To be moved by the wind with
sails ; to pass by sea ; to swim ; to pass smoothly along.
To SAIL, sale, v. a. To pass by means of sails ; to
fly through.
SAILER, ^ sa-l&r, *. 166. A seaman, one who prac-
SAILOR, \ l'ses or understands navigation.
1^5- The first of these words is generally applied to the
Ship, and the second to the Mariner. Whatever may be
the reason for this distinction to the eye, the ear is quite
insensible of it, and the Ship and the Man are both pro-
nounced alike. — See Principles, No. 416.
SAILYARD, sale-yard, «. The pole on which the
sail is extended.
SAINFOIN, san-foln, $. A kind of herb.
SAINT, sant, s. 202. A persou eminent for piety
and virtue.
To SAINT, sant, v. a. To number among saints, to
reckon among saints by a public decree, to canonize.
To SAINT, sant, v. n. To act with a show of piety.
SAINTED, sant^d, adj. Holy, pious, virtuous.
SAINTLIKE, sant-likf, adj. Suiting a saint, be-
coming a saint ; resembling a saint.
SAINTLY, sLit-le, adv. Like a saint, becoming a
saint.
SAINTSHIP, sant-shlp, *. The character or qualities
of a saint.
SAKE, sake, *. Final cause, end, purpose ; account,
regard to any person or thing.
SAKEUET, saWr-it, *. 99. The male of a saker-
hau k.
SAL, sal, s. Salt. A word often used in Pharmacy.
SALACIOUS, sa-la-sh&s, adj. Lustful, lecherous.
SALACIOL'SLY, sa-la-shfrs-le, adv. Lecherously,
lustfully.
SALACITY, sa-lisis£-t<*, *. Lust, lechery.
SALAD, sal-lad, «. Food of raw herbs.
JC5" This word is often pronounced as if written lallrt;
the true pronunciation is, however, more in use and less
pedantick than that of asparagus and cucumber would be.
SALAMANDER, sal-i-man-dur, s. An animal sup-
posed to live in the fire.
SAI.AMANOKINE, sal-la-inanidrin, adj. 140.
Resembling a salamander.
SALARY, sal-la-r^, s. Stated hire, annual or perio-
dical pavmcnt. — See Granary,
SALE, saU', i. The act of selling ; vent, power of
selling, market ; a publick and proclaimed exposition
of goods to the market ; auction ; state of being venal,
price.
SALEABLE, sa-14-bl, adj. 405. Vendible, fit for
sale, marketuble.
SALEABLENESS, sa-li-bl n£s, *. The state of be-
ing saleable.
SALEABLY, sa-li-bli, adv. In a saleable manner.
SALEBROUS, siW-br&s, adj. Rough, uneven, rug-
ged- .
SALESMAN, salziinan, s. 88. One who sells clothes
ready made.
SALEWORK, sile-w&rk, s. Works for sale, work
carelessly done.
SALIENT, sa-le-^nt, adj. 1 13. Leaping, bounding ;
beating, panting, springing or shooting with a quick
motion.
SALINE, si-line,' or si-line, adj. ConsUtirg of
salt.
K^- As this word is derived from the Latin falinus by
dropping a syllable, the accent ought, according to tl>e
general rule of formation, 503, to remove to the first.
This accentuation, however, is adopted only by Dr. John-
son, Buchanan, and Bailey ; as Sheridan, ketirick, A>h,
Nares, W. Johnston, Scott, Perry, Barclay, Fenning, En-
tick, and Smith, accent the second syllable.
SAIJNOUS, sa-li-iiui, adj. Consisting of salt, con
stituting salt.
jt^- Dr. Johnson, in his folio Dictionary, accents this
worJ on the first syllable, in which he is followed liy his
publishers in the quarto: but as this word may be easily
derived from the Latin word saliiuts, and •with tlie sm.-e
number of syllables, it ought to be accented on the second,
503, e.
SALIVA, sa-ll-va, t. 503, 6. Every thing that is
spit up, but it more strictly signifies that juice which is
separated by the glands called saliva).
JCy- As this -word is a perfect Latin word, all our Dic-
tionaries very properly accent it on the second syllable,
50.1. But salival, which is a formative of our own, has
no sucti title to the penultimate accent ; this pronuncia-
tion, however, is adopted by Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ash, Dr.
Kenrick, Scott, Barclay, Fenning. Entick, and Johnson's
quarto; but Mr. Perry and Dr. Johnson's folio place thg
accent on the first syllable, and, in my opinion, more cor-
rectly.
SALIVAL, saW val, or sa-lUval, } ,.
SALIVARY, saW-va-r^, } adJ' RelaU
ing to spittle. — See Saliva.
To SALIVATE, sal-le-vate, v. a. To purge by the
salival glands.
SALIVATION, sal-l^-vaishun, *. A method of cure
much practised in venereal cases.
-SALIVOUS, sa-ll-v&s, or sal-4-v6s, adj. Consist-
ing of spittle, having the nature of spittle — See Prin-
ciples, No. 11)3, p.
Jf^f As this word has somewhat more of a Latin aspect
than salival, and is probably derived from salivotus, the
learnedly polite, or the politely learned, snatch at the sha-
dow of Latin quantity to distinguish themselves from
mere English speakers. Hence in all the words of this
termination they preserve the penultimate i long, and
place the accent on it, and thus we are obliged to do the
same in this word, under pain of appearing illiterate. Thii
penalty, however, Dr. Ash and Mr. Perry have incurred,
by placing the aceoent on the first syllable ; but Dr. John-
son, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, B'arclay, Fenning, and
Entick, follow the learned majority, though evidently
wrong.
SALLET. sal-lit, 99. i S. Corrupted from sa-
SALLETING, sal-lk-tng, } lad.
S ALLIANCE, sal-le anse, s. 113. The act of is-
suing forth, sally.
SALLOW, sal-16, *. S27. A tree of the genus of
willow.
SALLOW, siil-lo, adj. Sickly, yellow.
SALLOWNESS, sal-lA-n£s, s. Yellowness, sickness,
paleness.
SALLY, s3J-l£, *. Eruption ; issue from a place be-
sieged, quick egress; range, excursion : slight, volatile,
or sprightly exertion ; levity, extravagant flight, fro-
lick.
SALLYPORT, sil-14-port, i. Gate at which sallies
are made.
SALMAGUNDI, sAl-mA-gunidd, *. A mixture of
chopped meat and pickled herrings, with oil, vinegar,
pt pper, and onions.
SALMON, sAm-m&n, ;. 401. The salmon is ac-
counted the king of fresh-water fish.
SAI.MONTUOUT, sAm-m&n-tro&t,' ». A trout that
has s-.imc resemblance to a salmon, ,-. samlet
SAL
SAN
167, n&t 163 — tiihe 171, tfib 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — Mn 466 — THIS 4(79.
SALSOACID, sal so Js-sld, adj. 84. Having a taste
compounded of saltness aiid sourness.
SALSUGI.VOUS, sal-sii-je-nfis, adj. Saltish, some-
what salt.
SALT, salt, s. 84. Salt is a body whore two essen-
tial projierties seem to be dissolubility in water and a
pungent sapor ; tastes smack; wit, merriment.
SALT, s4lt, adj. Having the taste of salt, iu, salt fish ;
impregnated with salt ; abounding with salt ; lecherous,
salacious.
To SALT, salt, v. a. To season with salt.
SALT-PAN, salt-pan, 7
'i/i r 3- Pi' where salt is got.
SALT-PIT, saltiplt, J
SALTATION, sal-ta-shbn, s. 84. The act of danc-
ing or jumping; beat, palpitation.
J{^» As this word comes immediately from the Latin,
and the t is carried off to commence the second syllable,
the a has not the broad sound as in salt, but goes into the
general sound of that letter ; in the same manner as the «
in fulminate is not pronounced like the peculiar sound of
that letter in full but like the « in dull, 177.
SALTCAT, salt-kat, s. A lump of salt made at gal-
terns, given to pigeons to attach them to the place.
SALTCELLAR, salt-s£l-16r, s. 88. Vessel of salt set
on the table.
SALTER, salt-fir, s. 98. One who salts ; one who
sells salt.
SALTERN, saltern, s. A salt-work.
SALTISH, salt-lsh, adj. Somewhat salt.
SAI.TLESS, sAlt-l^s, adj. Insipid, not tasting of salt.
SALTLY, salt-l^, ado. With taste of salt, in a salt
manner.
SALTNESS, salt-n£s, s. Taste of salt.
SALTPETRE, saU-p&itfn, s. 516. Nitre.
SALVABILITV, saI-va-blW-t«*, s. Possibility of be-
ing received to everlasting life.
SALVABLE, sal-va-bl, adj. 405. Possible to be
•aved.
SALVAGE, sal-vldje, *. 90. A recompense allowed
to those who have assisted in saving goods or merchan-
dise from a wreck.
SALVATION, sal-va-shun, * Preservation from e-
temal death, reception to the happiness of heaven.
SALVATORY, saUvA-t&r-e, s. 512. A place where
any thing is preserved.
SALUBRIOUS, sa-lu-br^-fis, adj. Wholesome,
healthful, promoting health.
SALUBRITY, sa-lu-br^-t^, $. Wholesomeness, health-
fulness.
SALVE, salv, s. 78. A glutinous matter applied to
wound* and hurts, an cmplaster; help, remedy.
Jt^f Dr. Johnson tells us, that this word is originally
and properly salfs which having salves in the plural, the
singular, in time, was borrowed from it: tralf, Saxon,
undoubtedly from salvus, Latin. There is some diversity
among our orthoepists about the I in this word and its
verb. Mr. Sheridan marks it to be pronounced; Mr.
Smith, W. Johnston, and Barclay, make it mute; Mr.
Scott and Mr. Perry give it both ways ; and Mr. Nares
says it is mute in the noun, but sounded in the verb. The
mute I is certainly countenanced in this word by ca/i«and
halves but as they are very irregular, and are the only
words where the I is silent in this situation, for wive, deh~e,
tolve, &e. have the { pronounced; and as this word is of
Latin original, the / ought certainly to be preserved in
both words : for to have the same word sounded different-
ly, to signify different things, is a defect in language that
ought as much as possible to be avoided. — See Bowl and
fintt.
To SALVE, salv, v. a. To cure with medicaments
applied ; to help, to remedy ; to help or save by a sal-
vo, an excuse, or reservation.
SALVER, sal-vur, *. 98. A plateon which any thing
if presented.
SALVO. sal-v6, s. An exception, a reservation, an
excuse. — See Saltation.
SAI.UTAHINESS, s«\l-lu-ta-r<*-n£s, *. Wholesome-
ness, quality of contributing to health or safety.
SALUTARY, sal-lti-ta-ie, adj. Wholesome, health-
ful, sate, advantageous, contributing to health or safety.
SALUTATION, sal-lft-ta^shftn, t. The act or «tyk
of saluting, greeting.
To SALUTE, sa- Ifttc,' v. a. To greet, to hail ; to kiss
SALUTE, sa-lite' s. Silutation, greeting; a kiss.
SA CUTER, sa-lu-tir, s. 98. One who salutes
SALUTIFEROUS, sal-li-tlf-f^r.&s, adj. Healthy,
bringing health.
SAME, same, adj. Identical, being of the like kind,
sort, or degree ; mentioned before.
SAMENESS, sanu--n3s, s. Identity.
SAMLET, sam-l£t, s. A little salmon.
SAMPHIRE, sam-fir, s. 140. A plant preserved Jn
piikle.
SAMPLE, sam-pl, s. 405. A specimen, a part shown,
that judgment may be made of the whole.
SAMPLER, sAm'pI-ur, 3. 98. A pattern of work,
a piece worked by yourg girls for improvement.
SANABLE, san-na-bl, adj. 535. Curable, suscep-
tive of remedy, remediable.
Jt">' Mr. Nares, Buchanan, and W. Johnston, pro-
nounce the a in the first syllabic of this word long : hut
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Entick, more properly,
short. Buchanan only makes the same a in sanatltte long ;
but Mr. Sheridan, Scott, W. Johnston, Perry, and En tick,
short. Mr. Sheridan and Buchanan are the only orthoe-
pists from whom we can gather the sound of this vowel
in insanable, which the latter marks long, and the former
short, as it ought to be, from the shortening power of the
antipenultimate accent. — See Granary.
SANATION, sl-na-sli&n, s. The act of curing.
SANATIVE, san-na-tlv, arf;'. 158. Powerful to cure,
healing. — Sec Donative-
SANATIVENESS, san-nA tlv-n&s, s. Power to cure.
SA NOTIFICATION, sAnj;k-t(*-f<i-ka-sh&n, s. 408.
The state of being freed, or act of giving freedom from
the dominion of sin for the lime to come ; the act of
making holy, consecration.
SANCTIFIER, sangk-td-f l-&r, j. He that sanctifie*
or makes holy.
To SANCTIFY, sangk£t£-fl, r. a. To free from the
power of sin for the time to come; to make holy, to
make a means of holiness ; to make free from guilt ;
to secure from violation.
SANCTIMONIOUS, san«k-ti-m6-ne-fis, adj. Saint-
ly, having the appearance of sanctity.
SANCTIMONY, slngkit^-mo-ne, s. Holiness, scru-
pulous austerity, appearance of holiness.
SANCTION, sangk^shun, s. 4O8. The act of con-
firmation which gives to any thing its obligatory power,
ratification ; a law, a decree ratified.
SANCTITUDE, slngk-t4-thde, s. Holiness, good-
ness, saintlincss.
SANCTITY, sangk-t£-t£, S. Holiness, goodness, god-
liness; saint, holy being.
To SANCTUARISE, sangkits!>tj-a-rize, v. n. To
shelter by means of sacred privileges.
SANCTUARY, sangk-islii-J-te, s. 463. A holy
place, holy ground ; a place of protection, a sacred asy-
lum ; shelter, protection.
SAND, sand, s. Particles of stone not conjoined, or
stone broken to powder ; barren country covered with
sands.
SANDAL, sanklal, s. 88. A loose shop.
SANDARACH, or SANDARAC, san-da-rak, x. A
mineral resembling red arsenic ; the gum of the junipei
tree.
SANDBLIND, sand-blind, adj. Having a defect i«
the eyes, by which small particles appear before them.
SANDBOX-TREE, sand-b6ks-tr^, s. A plant.
SANDED, san-dtkl, adj. Covered with sand, barren ;
marked with small spots, variegated with dusky specks.
SANDISH, sand-lsli, adj. Approaching to the nature
of sand, loose, not close, not compact.
SANDSTONE, bar.d-stone, s. Stone of a loose and
friable kind.
SANDWOKT, sand-wfirt, s. A plant.
SANDY, sand-i^, adj. Abounding witn §and, fuil • •*
sand ; consisting of sand, unsulid.
SAR 450 SAT
*5- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, flt 81— mi 93, m^t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, move 164
SARCOPHAGUS, sar-kJSWa-gtis, «<//. 5S1. Fie>h-
eating, feeding on flesh. Hence a tomb, where !h«
human flesh is consumed and eaten away by time, it
called a Sarcoph etis.
SAKCOPHAGY, sar-k5f£fa-j£, *. 518. The prac-
tice of eating flesh.
SARCOTICK, sar-k&t-tlk, s. 5OQ. A medicine which
fills up ulcers with new flesh, the same as an incama-
SANE, sane, adj. Sound, healthy.
SANG, sa»g- The pret. of Sing.
SANGUIFEROITS, sang-gwli-f<Jr-6s, adj. Convey-
ing bliiod.
SANGUIFICATION, saiig-gwe-ftS-kaishcm, s. The
production of blood. The conversion of the chyle into
blood.
SANGUFIER, saiig-gwe-fi nr, s. Producer of blood
To SANGUIFY, saiig-gwe-fi, v. n. 34O. To pro-
duce blood.
SANGUINARY, sang-gw£-ni-r£, ailj. Cruel, bloody,
A
murderous.
SANGUINE. sAng'-gwln, adj. 340. Red, having the
colour of blood ; abounding with blood more than any
other humour, cheerful ; warm, ardent, confident.
SANGHNKNESS sang^vvln-n$s, 7 ^
SANGUINITY, sang-gwinie-te, 3
heat of expectation, confidence.
SANGUINEOUS, sang-gwin-e fis, adj.
inp bl(K>d ; abounding with blood.
SANHEDRIM, san-he-drim, s. The chief council
among the Jews, consisting of seventy elders, over
whom the high priest presided.
SANICI.E, sAn^-kl, s. 405. -A plant.
SANIES, sa-ne-lz, s. Thin matter, serous excretion
SANIOUS, sa-n£-6s, adj. 314. Running a thin se-
rous matter, not a well-digested pus.
SANITY, san-<M£, *. Soundness of mind.
SANK, singk. The ]>ret. of Sink.
SANS, sanz, prep. Without. Obsolete.
SAP, sup, i. The vital juice of planU, the juice that
circulates in trees and herbs.
To SAP, sap, r. a. To undermine, to subvert bj
digging, to mine.
To SAP, sap, v. n. To proceed by mine, to proceed
invisibly.
SAPID, sap-id, adj. 544. Tasteful, palatable, mak-
ing a powerful stimulation upon the palate.
SAPIDITY, sa-pliW-te, ) S. Tastctulncss, power i
SAPIDNESS, sap3d-n£s, 5 stimulating the palat
SAPIENCE, sa-p<£-£use, s. Wisdom, sageness, know-
ledge.
SAPIENT, sa'p£-£nt, adj. Wise, sage.
SAPLESS, sap-l£s, adj. Wanting sap, wanting vita
juices dry, old, husky.
SAPLING, sapUlng, s. A young tree, a young plant
Soapy
SAPOVACEOUS, sap A-i.a-shus, 851.) ..
SAPONARY, sapio-na-re, ^a'J-
resembling soap, having the qualities of soap.
SAPOR, sa-por, s. 1 66. Taste, power of affecting
or stimulating the na'.ase.
SAPORIFICK, sap-O-vlf-fik, adj. 530. Having th-
power to produce tastes.
SAPPHIRE, s-At-1'ir, s. 140. 415. A precious ston
of a blue colour.
SAPPHIUINE, sif-fir-ine, adj. 149. Made of sap-
phire, resembling sapphire.
SAPPINESS, vap'pe-nes, s. The state or the qualit
of abounding in sap, succulence, juiciness.
SAPPY, sip^ptS, adj. Abounding in sap, juicy, sue
culeut; yomi£, weak.
SAKABAND.surira-band, i. 524. A Spanish dance
SAIICASU, sar-kazm, s. A keen reproach, a taunt
a gibe.
SARCASTICALLY, s&r-klsit«Ukal d, adv. Taunt
ingly, severely.
SAUCASTICAL, s:\r-kasitti-kal, ) adj. Keen
SAKCASTICK, sar-kasitik, 509. \ taunting, severe
SAKCKNET, sars(.-£n£t, s. Fine thin-woven silk.
SARCOCELE, s&r£ko-selc, 5. An excrescence of th
testicles. — Sec Hydrocele.
SARCOMA, sar-ko^ma, s. 9'2. A fleshy excrescence
or lump, growii g in any part of the body, especial!
the
SARDEI., sar-dll,
SARDINE,
1 40.
s. 293, 294
A sort nf pre-
cious stone
SAUDI us, sar-de-6s, or ;
SAKUONYX, sar-d6-i)lks, s. A precious stone.
SARSA, sar-sa, ^ *. Both a tree
SARSAPARILLA, sar-sa-pa-r&Ml, ^ and a plant.
>ASH. sash. *. A belt wcrn by way of distinction,
a silken band worn by officers in the army ; a window
so formed as to be le: iip and down by pulleys.
SASSAFRAS, sas-sa-fras, s. A tree, one of the spe-
cies of the cornelian cherry.
SAT, sat. The pret. of Sit.
SATAN, sa-tan, or s&t-tan, s. The prince of hell,
any wicked spirit.
' freouentlv nronouneed as if wnt^._
ible
permit, and particularly in proper names. Cato,
Plato, &c. have now universally the penultimate a long
and slender; and no good reason can be given why the
word in question should not join this class: if the short
quantity of the a in the original lie alleged, for an answer
:o this see Principles, No. 544, and the word Satire. Mr.
Nares and Buchanan only adopt the second sound ; but
Mr. Etphinston, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott,
W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, Entick, and, if we may judge
t>y the |iosition of the accent, Dr. Ash and Bailey, the
first __ See The Key to Hie Classical Pronunciation <:f
Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names, under the
word.
SATANICAL, sa-tan-n£-kal, 7 or(A Devilish, in-
SATANICK, si-tAninlk, 509. 5 fernal-
SATCHEL, batsh-ll, «. 99. A little bag used by
schoolboys.
To SATE, sate, *. a. To satiate, to glut, to pall, to
feed beyond natural desire.
SATELLITE, sat-tCl-llte, *. 155. A small planet
revolving round a larger.
8^5" Pope has, by the license of his art, accented the
plural of this word upon the second syllable, and, like
the Latin plural, has given it four syllables:
" Or ask of yonder argent fieUU atioTe,
" Whj Jori's SateUitet are less than Jove."— Ettay m Kan.
This, however, is only pardonable in poetry, and it
may lie added, in good poetry — See Antipodes and Mil-
lepedes.
SATELT.ITIOUS, sat-t£l-llsli'5s, adj. Csnsisting of
satellites.
To SATIATE, sa-sli^-ate, v. a. To satisfy, to fill ;
to glut, to pall ; to gratify desire ; to saturate, to im-
pregnate with as much as can be contained or iiiibihed.
SATIATE, sa-sh^-ate, adj. 91. Glutted, full to sa-
tiety.
SATIETY, s?i tUe-te, s. 46O. Fullness beyond desire
or pleasure, more than enough, state of being |«ai:td.
e sound of the second s> liable of this word liaj
been grossly mistaken by the generality of speakers; nor
is it inui'h to be wondered at. Ti, with the accent on it,
succeeded by a vowel, is a very uncommon predicament
for an English syllable to be under; and therefore it is
not surprising that it has been almost universally con-
founded with an apparently similar, but really different,
assemblage of accent, vowels, and consonants. So accus-
tomed is the ear to the aspirated sound of/, when foi low-
ed by two vowels, that whenever Ihese appear, we are apt
10 annex the very same sound to that letter, without at-
tending to an essential circumstance in this word. «)iich
distinguishes it from every other in the language. There
is no English word of exactly the same form with satiety,
and therefore it cannot, like most other wor.ts, be tried
by its peers; but analogy, that grand resource of reason,
« ill as clearly determine", in this case, as if the mo»t po-
sitive evidence were produced.
Ju the first place, then, the sound commonly given to
SAT
451
SAT
nor 167, nit 163 — tube 171, t&h 172, b&ll 173 — ml 299— pound 313— tk'm 466 — THis 469.
the second syllable of this word, which is that of the first
of ii-lence, a< if written sa-si-e-ty, is never found annexed
ti) the same letters throughout' the whole language. T,
when succeeded by two vowels, in every instance but the
word in question, sounds exactly like sh ; thus, satiate,
expatiate, &e. are pronounced as' if written sa-she-ate, ex-
pa-she-ate, &e. and not sa-se-ate, ex-pa-se-ate, &c. and,
therefore, if the t must be aspirated in this word, it ought
at least to assume that aspiration which is fount! among
similar assemblages of letters, and instead ot sa-ti-e-ty, it
ought to be sounded sa-shi-c-ty : in this mode of pronun-
ciation a greater parity might be pleaded; nor should we
introduce a new aspiration to reproach our language with
needless irregularity. Butlf we once cast an eye on those
conditions, on which we give an aspirated sound to the
dentals, 26, we shall find both these methods of pronounc-
ing this wortl equally remote from analogy. In almost
every terminafiim where the consonants, i, d, c, and s,
precede the vowels fa, ia, U, lo, &c. as in murtial, soldier,
tvspicion, confusion, anxious, prescience, &e. the accent
is on the syllable immediately before these consonants,
and they all assume the aspiration ; but in JEgt/ptiacum,
elephantiasis, liendiadis, society, an xiety, science, &c. the
accent is immediately after these consonants, and the t,
d, c, antl x, are pronounced as free from aspiration as the
same letters in tiar, diet, dan, Ixion, &c. the position of
the accent makes the whole difference. But if analogy
in our own language were silent, the uniform pronuncia-
tion of words from the learned languages, where these
letters occur, would be sufficient to decide the dispute.
Thus in elephantiasis, HfUtHfles, lOtietas, &c. the ante-
penultimate syllable li is always pronounced like the Eng-
lish noun tie; nor should we dream of giving ti the aspi-
rated sound in these words, though there would be exact-
ly the same reason for it as in satiety : for, except in very
few instances, as we pronounce Latin in the analogy of
our own language, no reason can be given that we should
pronounce the antepenultimate syllable in tatietas one
way, and that in satiety another.
1 should have thought my time thrown away in so mi-
nute an investigation of the pronunciation of "this word,
if I had not found the best judges disagree about it. That
Mr. Sheridan supposed it ought to be pronounced sa-si e-
ty, is evident from his giving this word as an instance of
the various sounds of t, and telling us that here it sounds
*. Mr. Garriek, whom I consulted on this word, told me,
if there were any rules for pronunciation, I was certainly
right in mine; but that he and his literary acquaintance
pronounced in the other manner. Dr. Johnson likewise
thought I was right, but that the greater number of
speakers were against me ; and Dr. Lowth told me, he
was clearly of my opinion, but that he could get nobody
to follow him. I was much flattered to find my senti-
ments confirmed by so great a judge, and much" more
flattered when I found my reasons were entirely new to
him.
But, notwithstanding the tide of opinion was some years
ago so much against me, 1 have since had the pleasure of
finding some of the most judicious philologists on my
side. Mr. Elphinston, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Perry, mark
the word as I have done ; and Mr. Nares is of opinion it
ought to be so pronounced, though for a reason very dif-
ferent from those 1 have produced, namely, in order to
keep it as distinct is may be from the "word society.
While Mr. Fry frankly owns, it is very difficult to deter-
mine the proper pronunciation of this word.
Thus I have ventured to tlecide where " Doctors dis-
agree," anil have l»ccii induced to spend so much time on
the correction of this word, as the improper pronunciation
of it does not, as in most other cases, proceed from an e-
vident caprice of custom, as in busy and bury, or from a
desire of drawing nearer to the original language, but
from an absolute mistake of the principles on which we
pronounce our own.
SATIN, sat-tln, s. A soft, close, and shining silk.
SATIRE, sa-tur, sit-ur, sa-tlre, or sAt^re, s, A
poem in which wickedness or folly are censured.
j£5=- The first mode of pronouncing ihU wort! is adopt-
ed oy Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Ash, and Mr. Smith.
The short quantity of the first vowel is adopted by Mr.
Nares, Mr. Elphinston, Buchanan, and Entick ; but the
quantity of the second syllable they have not market!.
The third is adopted by Mr. 1'erry ami Dr. Kenrick ; and
fur the fourth we have no authorities.
But though the first mode of pronouncing this word is
the most general, and the most agreeable to an English ear,
the second seems to be that which is most favoured by the
learned ; because, say they, the first syllable in the Ilatin
tatyra. is short. But if this reasoning'were to hold good,
we ought to pronounce the first syllable of silence, local,
ii;bcl, 'libel, locust, jia/ier, anil many others short, because
riti-ntium, localis, Uibtllum, lit/elfins, Ivcusta, papyrus, Arc.
have all the first syllable short in Latin. But, to furnish
the learned with an argument which perhaps may not im-
mediately occur to them, it may be said, that in the in-
stances I have adduced, none of the Latin words have the
initial syllable accented as well as short, which is the case
with the word satyra. : but it may be answered, if we were
to follow the quantity of the Latin accented vowel, we
may pronoiincefffC/trf, mimic, frigiil, itpuilid, comic, resin,
cicdi', spirit, and lily, with the first vowel long, because
it is the case in the Latin words Jtetidus, m im ictt s, frigi-
(Ins, sr/ualidus, comictts, resina, creditus, spiritus, anil
lilium*
The only shadow of an argument therefore that rettuins
is, that though we do not adopt the Latin quantity of ihe
accented antepenultimate vowel when it is long, except the
vowel u, 5(17, 508, .VJ9, we do when it is short. For though
we have many instances where an English word of two
syllables has the first short, though derived from a Latin
word where thefirst twosyllables are long ; as, ci vil, legate,
solemn, &c. from civilis, leffatus, solemnis, ,Vc. yet we have
no instance in the language \»here a word of three sylla-
bles in Latin, with the first two vowels short, becomes an
English dissyllable with the first syllable long. Hence
the shortness of the first syllables of platane, zephyr, atom,
&c. from plat anus, zep/iyriis, at'/mus, &c. which are short,
not only from the custom of carrying the short sound we
give to the Latin antepenultimate vowel into the penul-
timate of the English word derived from it, but from the
affectation of shortening the initial vowel, which this cus-
tom has introduced, in order to give our pronunciation a
Latin air, and furnish us with an opportunity of showing
our learning by appealing to Latin quantity ; which, when
applied to English, is so vague and uncertain, as to put
us out of all fear of detection if we happen to be wrong.
The absurd custom, therefore, of shortening our vowels,
ought to be discountenanced as much as possible, since it
is supported by such weak and desultory arguments ; and
our own analogy in this, as well as in similar words, ought
to be preferred^ to such a shadow of analogy lo the quan-
tity of the Latin language, as I have charitably afforded to
those who are ignorant of it. — See Principles, No. />44.
With respect to the quantity of the last syllable, though
custom seems to have decided it in this word, it is not so
certain in other words of a similar form. To which we
may add, that although poets often bend the rhyme to
their verse when they cannot bring their verse to the
rhyme, yet where custom is equivocal, their example is
certainly of some weight. In this view we may look upon
the couplet in Pope's Essay on Criticism.
" Leave dang'rous truths to unsuccessful sahret, ,
" And flattery to fulsome dedicators." See Umpire.
SATIRICAL, sa-tir-r£-kil, ) adj. Belonging to sa-
SATIRICK, sA-tir-rlk, J tire, employed in
writing invective ; censorious, severe in language.
SATIRICALLY, sa-tlrini-kal-i, adv. With invec-
tive, with intention to censure or vilify.
SATIRIST, sat-tfrr-lst, s. One who writes satires.
— See Patroness.
To SATIRISE, sat-t&r-ize, v. a. To censure as in
a satire.
SATISFACTION, sat-tls-fakishfin, *. Thi> .a of
pleasing to the full ; the slate of being pleased ; release
from suspense, uncertainty, or uneasiness; gratifica-
tion, that which pleases; "amends, atonement for a
crime, recompense for an injury.
SATBFACTIVE, sat-tls-fik-tlv, adj. Giving satis-
faction.
SATISFACTORILY, sit-t]s-fak-tur-e-l<i, adv. in a
satisfactory manner.
SATISFACTORINESS, sat tls-fik-tut-r^-n&s, ».
Power of satisfying, power of giving content.
SATISFACTORY, sat-tis-fak-t&r-^, adj. Giving sa-
tisfaction, giving content; atoning, making amends. —
For the o, see Domestick.
To SATISFY, sat-tls-fi, v. a. To content, to please
to such a degree as that nothing more is desired ; to feed
to the fill ; to recompense, to pay, to content ; to free
from doubt, perplexity, or suspense; to convince.
To SATISFY, sat'tis-fl, v. n. To make payment.
SATRAP, si-trap, i. A nobleman in ancient Persia
who governed a province.
SATURABI.E, sat-tshh-rl-bl, adj. Impregnable
with any thing till it will receive no more.
SATURANT, slt-tslm-iant, aclj. impregnating to
the fill.
To SATURATE, ife-Ulifc-rAte, v «. To imprcg.
nate till no more can be ittcivtd w imbibed.
SAV 452 SCA
.59. File 73, far 77, fall 83, fAt 81— m^ 93, m£t .15— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, m5fe 164,
SATURDAY satit&r-di, ». 223. The last u»y of SAVIOUR, savior, 3. 113. Redeemer, he that
has saved mankind from eternal death.
the week.
SATURITY, s.\.tu-ri-t<*, *. Fulness, the state of be-
ing saturated, repletion,
SATURN, sait&rn, or satit&rn, s. The remotest
planet of the solar system : in Chymistry, lead.
lf> This was supposed to be the remotest planet when
Pr-Johnson wrote his Dictionary ; but MY. Herschel has
since discovered a planet still more remote, which will
undoubtedly be called hereafter^ by his own name. . I h
first
bu
To SAUNTER, S&JI-I&T, or sawn-t&r, t;. n. To
wander about idly, to loiter, to linger.
J^J» The ffrst mode of pronouncing this word is the
most agreeable to analogy, if not in the most general u>e ;
but where use has forim-d so clear a rule as in words of
this form, it is wrong not to follow it — See Principles,
No. 2:4.
MY. Elphinston, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, and Mr. Scott,
are for the first pronunciation ; and Mr. Sheridan and
by
nee
o are or te rs pronunciaion; an r. eman :
rt pronunciation of this word is not the most genera , , w Johnston for the last. Mr. Perry gives both ; but,
t by far the most analogical ; and for the same reason | , , th j fiave d secms to the prefere:
„ in Satan i but there is an additional reason in this i *
word, which will weigh greatly with the learned, and that , cilv&r-^
is the a is long m the original. Mr. Klphmston, Dr. &AVORY, sa-\QF-e,
Kenrick, Kerry, a«d Entick, adopt the second pronuncia- SAVOUR, salvor, *.
t ion of this word; and Mr. Sheridan, Scott, Buchanan,
W. Johnston, and, if we may guess by the position of the
accent, Dr. Ash and Bailev, the first.
SATURNINE, satitur-nlne, adj. 148. Gloomy, me-
lancholy, severe of temper.
SAIURNIAN, stUtur^it*-an, adj. Happy, golden.
SATYR, sa-ttir, or sit^frr, S. A syl*«n god.
is word, and sctire, a poem', are pronounced
uncivilized, barbarous.
SAVAGE, sivUMje, s, A man untaught and unci-
vilized, a barbarian.
SAVAGELY, slvMflje-lA, udii. Barbarously, cruelly.
SAVAGENES&, si\-vidje--n£s, i-. B-ubaronsness,
cruelty, wildness.
SAVAGERY, savivld-j5r-rc, s Cruelty, barbarity j
wild growth.
SAVANNA, s&-vin-n&, *. 92. An open meadow
without wood.
SAUCE, savvsi1, S. 218. Something eaten with food
to improve its taste; to serve «ne the same Sauce, a
vulgar phrase, to retaliate one injury with another.
To SAUCE, s4wse, v. a. To accompany meat with
something of higher relish ; to gratify with rich tastes;
to intermix or accompany with any thing good, or, i-
ronically, with any thing bad.
SAUCEBOX, sawse^boks, s. An impertinent or pe-
tulant fellow.
SAUCEPAN, sawse-p5n, s. A small skillet with a
long handle, in which sauce or small things are boiled.
SAUCER, saw^sur, s. 98. 218. A small pan or plat-
ter on which sauce is set on the table; a piece or plat-
ter of china, into which a tea-cup is set.
SAUCILY, sawis£-I£, at/ft Impudently, imperti-
nently, petulantly.
SAUCINESS, saw-se-n^s, s. Impudence, petulance,
im)>ertinence.
SAUCY, sSwi«£, adj, 218. Pert, petulant, inso-
lent.
Jt^- The regular sound of this diphthong must be care-
fully preserve*!, as the Italian sound of a given to it in
thus word, and in sauce, saucer, datigflter, lie. is only
heard among the vulgar.
To SAVE, save, v. a. To preserve from danger or
destruction; to preserve finally from eternal death;
not to spend, to hinder from being spent ; to reserve
or lay by i to spare, to excuse ; to salve,
TH SAVE, save, 1-. M. To be cheap.
SAVE, save, a(h. Except, not including.
SAVEALI., savtial?, *. 406 A small pan inserted
into a c.unlli-M iek to save the ends of candles.
SAVER, sa'vfif, j. 98. Preset ver, rescuer ; one who
esea|>es loss, though without gain; one who lays U
and grows rich.
SAVIN, s3vi]n, s. A plant.
SAVIN*, sa-vlii<^, atij. 41O. Frugal, parsimonious,
not lavish : not tuning to loss, though not gainful.
SAVING, salving, ado. With exception in favour of.
SAVING, sa-vln-j, s. Escape of ex[>ense, somewhat
preserved from being «pent, exception in favour.
SAVINOI.Y, sa-vli)d-!e, adv. ^Viih parsimony
-e, *. 314. A plant.
A scent, odour ; taste, power
of affecting the palate.— See tionour.
To SAVOUR, sa-vur, v. »i- To have any paiticular
smell or taste ; to betoken, to have an appearance or
taste of something.
To SAVOUR, sa-vur, v. a. To l.ke; to exhibit
taste of.
SAVOUUII.Y. sa-vfir-£-l£, adv. With gust, appetite ;
with a pleasing relish.
Taste pleasing and
picquant ; pleasing smell.
SAVOURY, sa-vir-4, adj. Pleasing to the smell ;
picquant to the taste.
SAVOY, sa-vo<*,' *. A sort of colewort.
SAUSAGE, sawisldje, of sas-stdje, s. A roll or ball
made commonly of pork or veal minced %ery small,
with salt «n.l spice.
65" This word is pronounced in the first manner by
correct, and in the second by vulgai speakers. Among
this number, however, I do not reckon Mr. Sheridan, Mr.
Smith, and Mr. Scott, who adopt it ; but, in my opinion,
Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Perry, who prefer the first, are not
only more agreeable to rule, but to the best usage. In this
opinion ham confirmed by Mr. Nares, who says it is com-
monly pronounced hi the second manner .— ^>ee Principles,
No. 218.
SAW, s5w, 219. The pret. of See.
SAW, saw, s. A dentated instrument by the attrition
of which wood or metal is cut; a saying, a sentence, a
proverb.
To SAW, sSw, t». a. part. Sawed and Sawn. To
cut timber or other matter with a saw.
SAW-DUST, ssLw^d&st, s. Dust made by the attrition
of the saw.
SAWFISH, sSwiflsh, *. A sort of fish.
SAWPIT, saw-pit, s. Pit over which timber is laid
to be sawn by two men. »
SAW-WORT, sawiwurt, s* A pnnt.
SAW-WREST, s&w'r£st, *. A sort of tool. With the
saw-wrest they set the teeth of the saw.
' , . ', > *. One whose trade is to
SAWYER, sawiy&r, 1 1 3. \
saw timber into boards or beams.
SAXIFRAGE, sak-s^-fradj.-, s. A plant-
SAXIFRAGOUS, sak-slf-ra-gfrs, adj. Dissolvent of
the stone.
To SAY, sa, v. a. 220. Fret. Said. To speak, to
utter in words, to tell ; to tell in any manner.
SAYING, sa-ing. s. 410. Expression, words, opinion
sentei.tiously delivered.
SAYS, s£z. Third person of To Say.
• Jt3^ This seems to be an incorrigible deviation, 90.
SCAB, skab, S. An incrustation tormcd over a sore
to promote eteruaT s.ilvalioii.
by dried matter ; the itch or mange of hoi ses ; a paltry
fellow, so named from the itch.
SCABBARD, skab-burd, 4. 418. The sheath of a
sword.
SCABBED, skab-b^d, or sk5b;l, adj. 366. Cover-
ed or diseased with scabs ; paltry, sorry.
J^> This word, like learned, blesseti, and some other*,
when ustd as an adjective, is alway pronounced in two
syllables, and when a participle, in one. See Principles,
No. 362.
'">', frugality ; ' ScABBFDNKSS, skib-bed-iifs, *. The state of be-
1 ing ^cabbed.
SCA 45.1 SCA
n'r 167, ixV 163— ii'ibe 171, t&b 172, hull 173 — oil 299 — po&ud 313— /A in 466 THis 469.
SCABBINESS, skabibe-nt*s, s. The quality of being
scabby.
SCABlsY, skab-l>£, adj. Diseased with scabs-.
SCABIOUS, ska-be'-fts, adj. Itchy, leprous.
SCABROUS, ska-br5s, adj. 314. Rough, rugg*dy
pointed on the surface; harsh, unmusical.
SCABWORT, sklb-wurt, s* A plant.
SCAD, skid, *-. A kind of fish ; probably the same
as i/iarf.
SCAFFOLD, skaWMd, *. 1 66. A- temporary gal-
lery or stage raised either for shows or spectators ; the
gallerv raised for execution of great rpaletactors ; frames
of timber erected on the side of a building for the work-
men.
ScAfFOLDA&E, skaWul-dlje, *. 90. Gallery, hol-
low floor.
SCAFFOLDING, skaf -f &1- ding, *. 410. Building
slightly erected.
SCALADE, ska-lade,' )
o i » i ' / ii I" *• A storm g>ven to a place
SCALADO, sk;Y~l.t-dt>, I
by raising ladders against the walls.---See Lvmbngo.
SCALAR- Y, sk&l-a-re, adj. Proceeding by steps like
tlio c of a ladder.
To S€ALB> skald, v. a. 84. To burn with hot li
quor.
SCALD, skald, *. Scurf on the head.
SCALD, skald, adj. Paitrv, sorry.
SCALUHEAU, skaUI-hed£ *. A loathsome disease,
a kind of local leprosy in which the head is covered
with a scab.
SCALE, skale, s. A balance, a vessel' suspended by
a beam against another ; the sign Libra in the Zodiack ;
the smalf shells or crusts which, lying one over ano-
ther, make the coats of fishes ; any thine; exfoliated, a
thin lamina ; ladder, means of ascent ; the act of storm-
ing by ladders ; regular gradation, a regular series ris-
ing like a ladder ; a figure subdivided by lines like the
Meps of a ladder, which is used to measure proportions
between pictures and the thing represented ; the series
of harmoinck or musical proportions ; any thing mark-
ed at equal distances.
To SCALE, skale, v. O. To climb as by ladders ; to
measure or compare, to weigh> to take offa thin lami-
na; to pare off a surface.
To SCALE, skale, v. n. To peel' off ii» thin particles.
SCALED, skald, adj. 359. Squamous, having scales
like fishes.
SCALENE,
In Geometry, a triangle
that has three sides unequal to each other.
SCALINESS, skiM<*-n£s, s. The state of being seary.
SCALL, skawl, s. 84. Leprosy, morbid baldness.
SCALLION, sk&l'yiin, *. 1 1 3. A kind of- onion.
SCALLOP, skol-l&p, s. 166. A fish with a hollow
pectinated shell.
If5" I his word is irregular ; for it ought to have the a
in the first syllabic like that in tallow ; but the deep suund
of a is too firmly fixed by custom to afford any expecta-
tion of a change. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrrck,
Mr. Nares, and Mr. Smith-, pronounce the a in the man-
ner I have given it, and Mr. 1'eiry only as in tallow.
To SCALLOP, sk&l-l&p, v. a. To mark on the edge
with segments of circles.
SCALP, skulp, *. The scuH, the cranrom, the bone
that encloses the brain ; the integuments of the head.
To SCALP, skalp, v. a. To deprive the skull of its
integuments.
SCALPEL, skal-p£l, *. An instrument used to scrape
a bone.
SCALY, ska'-lt*, adj. Covered with scales.
To ScAMBLE, skam-bl, v. n. 405. To be turbu-
lent and rapacious, to sorambte, to get by struggling
with others ; to shift awkwardly.
UAMMONIATE, skam-mt^ne-a
Little u.-ed.
SCAMMO
with scammony
ate, cnlj. 91. Made
SCAMMONY, skam-mo-ne, 3. The name of a plant ;
a concreted juice drawn In.m an Asiatic plant.
To ScAMPhR, skam-piir, v. n. £>S. To fly with
sjn-td and trepidation.
To SCAN, skin, v. a. To examine a verse by count.
ing the feet; to examin- nicely.
ScANDAh, skin-dil, *. 88. Offence given by the
faults of others; reproachful aspersion, opprobrious
censure, infamy.
To SCANDAL, skXn-dSl, v. n. To treat opprobri-
ously, to charge falsely with faults.
To SCANUALI/F., skin-llA-lkc, f. a. To offend
by some action supposed criminal; to reproach, to dis-
grace, to defame.
SCANDALOUS, skanida-l&s, adj. 3 1 4 Giving pub-
lick offence ; opprobrious, disgraceful ; shameful, open-
ly vile.
SCANDALOUSLY, skanidA-Kis kl, mh. eensnrious-
Jy, opprobriously ; shamefully, ill to a degree that gives
pubhck offence.
SCANDALOUSNESS,
]&s-n£s, *. The qua
lity of giving publick offence.
SCANDALUM MAGNATUM, skAn^di lum mS^-nai
tfini, s. An offence given to a IHTSOII of dignUy by
opprobrious speech or writing ; a writ to recover (lama*
ges in such eases.
SCA.VSION, skanish&n, *. The act or practice of
scanning a verse.
To SCANT, skant, v. a. To limit, to straiten.
SCANT, skant, adj. Parsimonious ; less than what
is proper or competent.
SCANTILY, skil>ite-l£, adv. Sparingly, niggardly ;
narrowly.
SCANTINESS, skan-ti-n£s, s. Narrowness, want of
space; want of amplitude or greatness.
MANTLET, Sicant-l^t, s. A smalt patt
ern, a small
quantity, a little piece.
SCANTLING, skint-ling, 5. 410. A quantity cut
for a particular purpose; a certain proportion ; a small
quantity.
SGANTLY, skantili, ado. Scarcely ; narrowly, pe»
nuriously.
SCANTNESS, skintineis, s. Narrowness, meanness,
smallness.
SCANTY, skan^t^, adj. Narrow, small, short of suf.
ficient quantity ; sparing, niggardly.
To SeAPE, skape, ». a. To' esca|»e, to shun, te flji.
To SCAPE, skape, v. re. Taget away from hurt ot
danger.
SCAPE, skApe,, s. Escape, flight from hurt or dan-
ger ; negligent freak ; loose act of vice or lewdncss.
SCAPULA, skapiu-la, s. 92. The shoulder-blade.
SCAPULARY, skap-&-la-ni, adj. Relating or ba»
longing to the shoulders.
SCAR, skar, * 78. A mark made by hurt or frre^
a cicatrix.
To Sl'AH, skJr, v . a. To mark as with a sore ot
wound.
SCARAB, sklriab, s. A beetle, an insect with sheath.
ed wings.
SCARAMOUCH, skar-i-moutsh, s. A buffoon in
motley dress.
SCARCE, skarse, adj. Not plentiful ; rare, not com-
mon.
SCARCE, skarse, 7 adv. Hardly, scantly ;
SCARCELY, skarseM^, \ with difficulty.
SCARCENESS, skarsein£s, 1
c, ,• i , i i , . . f S. Smalloess of
SCARCITY, skar-se-fe, 5 II. J
q.uai«ity, not plenty, penury ; rarenesj, unfrcqtienry,
not commonness.
To SCARE, skare, v. a. To frighten, to terrify ; to
strike with sudden fear.
SCARECROW, skart-krd, s. AH imngeer clapper set
up to frighten birds.
SCARF, skai f, ». A thing that hang* loose upon the
shoulders or dress.
To SCARF, skArf, v. n. To throw loosely on ; t«
dress in any loose vesture. ^
ScAIUsKTS, skarl-bkm, s. The cuticle , th« c-pl-
utrini*
SCE
454
559- FAte73, fir 77. fill 83, fit 81— m£ 93, m5t 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — no 162, move 1 64,
SCARIFICATION, skW-tt-k&s'i&n, * Incision of
the skin with a lancet, or such like instrument.
SCARIFICATOR, ski\r-i-fi ka-ti\r, s. One who sca-
rifies.
SCARIFIER, skarW-fl-fir, s. 98. He who scarifies ;
the instrument with which scarifications are made.
To SCARIFY, skarW-fl, v. a. 1 83. To let blood
by incisions of the skin, commonly after the applica-
tion of cupping-glasses.
SCARLET, skarij^t, s. 99. A beautiful bright red
colour, cloth dyed with a scarlet colour.
SCARLET, skaril^t, adj. Of the colour of scarlet.
SCARLETOAK, sklr-l£t-6ke,' s. The ilex ; a species
of oak.
SCARP, skarp, i. The Mope on that side of a drtcti
which is next to a fortified place, and looks towards the
fields.
SCATE, skate, s. A kind of wooden dioe on which
people slide.
To SCATE, skate, r. n. To slide on sc; tes.
SCATE, skate, s. A fish of the species of thorn-
back.
SCATEBROl'S, skatit^-brus, adj. Abounding with
springs.
To SCATH, skiU/j, u. a. To waste, to damage, to
destroy.
SCATH, skatA, s. Waste, damage, mischief
SCATHFIJL, ska/7i-ful, adj. Mischievous, destruc-
tive.
To SCATTER, skit-tur, t>. n. 98. To throw loosely
about, to sprinkle; to dissipate, to disperse.
To SCATTER, skat-tQr, v. n. To be dissipated, to
be dispersed.
ScATTKRtNGLY, skatitur-lng-l&, adv. Loosely,
dispersedly.
SCAVENGER, skav-in-jfir, s. 98. A petty magis-
trate, whose province is to kr«p the streets clean ; a vil-
lain, a wicked wretch.
SCENERY, s££ni£r-£, ». The appearances of places
or things; the representation of the place in which an
action is performed ; the disposition and consecution
of the scenes of a play.
SCENE, s££n, s. The stage, the theatre of dramatick
poetry; the general appearance of any action, the
whole contexture of objects, a display, a series, a regu-
lar disposition; part of a play; the place represented
by the stage ; the hanging of the theatre adapted to the
play.
SCENICK, s£ninik, adj. Dramatick, theatrical.
Jf^P» From the general tendency of the antepenultimate
accent to shorten the vowel, and the partieularpropensity
to contract every vowel but u before the termination in
tea!, we rmd tho^e in te, which may be looked upon as
abbreviations of the other, preserve the same shorteniiij
power with respect to the vowels which precede : am
though the word in question might plead the long sound
of the e in the Latin sccnictts, yet, if this plea were ad-
mitted, we ought for the same reason to alter the sound
of o in comic ; nor should we know where to stop. As a
plain analogy, therefore, it is formed by epic, topic, tro-
pic, tunic, Stc. it would be absurd to break in upon it,
under pretence of conforming to Latin quantity ; as this
would disturb our most settled usages, and quite unhinge
the language. — See Principles, No. 544.
ScENOCUlAPHlCAL, stin-6-grafi-te-lcal, adj. Drawn
in perspective.
SCENOGRAPHICALLY, s£n-&-grafite-kal-<*, adv.
In perspective.
SCFNOGRAPHY, s^-n&gigra-fi, s. 518. The art
of perspective.
SCENT, ^nt, s. The power of smelling, the smell ;
the object of smell, odour good or bad ; chase followed
by the smell.
To SCENT, sent, j>. a. To smell, to perceive by
the nose; to perfume, or to imbue with odour good or
SCENTLESS, s£nti|<*s, adj. Having no smell.
SCEPTRE. s£|>itiir, s. 416. The ensign of royalty
borne in the hand.
0, sep'turd, adj. 359. Bearing a sceptre.
ScEFTiCK, sk£pitik, s. — Sec Slceptick.
SCHEDIASM, skeid£-azm, s. (From the Greek
yt8/«0*Aut-) Cursory writing on a loose sheet.
_rj» This word is not in Johnson, but, from its utility,
is certainly worthy of a niche in all our other Dictiona-
ries as well as Ash\, where it is to be found. The Latins
have their schediasma, and the French have QieirfeuWt
volante, and why should not the English have their sc/ie-
diasm, to express what is written in an extemporary way
on a loose sheet of paper, without the formality of com-
position ?
SCHEDULE, sM-jule, or sk£d-jile, s. A small
scroll ; a little inventory.
Jt5" In 'he pronunciation of this word we seem to de-
part from both the Latin ycheduta and the French sche-
dule. If we follow the first, we ought to pronounce the
word slcedxlt, 353; and if the last, shedule ; but entirely
sinking thecA in schedule seems to be the prevailing mode,
and too firmly fixed by custom to he altered in favour of
either of its original words. Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Perry,
and Buchanan, pronounce it skcdiUe; but Mr. Elphinston,
Mr. Sheridan, Sir. Scott, Mr. Nares, llarclay, Penning,
and Shaw, sedule ; though, if we may belief Dr. Jones,
it was pronounced skcdule in Queen Anne's time.
SCHEME, sk£me, s. 35$. A plan, a combination
of various things into one view, design, or purpose; a
pniject, a contrivance, a design ; a representation of
tile aspects of the celestial bodies, any lineal or mathe-
matical diagram.
SCHEMER, ske^mir, s. 98. A projector, a contriver.
SCHESIS, ski^sis, s. A habitude, the relative state
of a thing, with respect to other things. A rhetorical
figure, in which a supposed affectation or inclination
of the adversary is introduced in order to be exposed.
SCHISM, slzm, s. A separation or division in the
church.
Jf^» The common pronunciation of this word is con-
trary to every rule for pronouncing words from the learn-
ed languages, and ought to be altered. Ch in English
words, coming from the Greek words with j;, ought al-
ways to be pronounced like k ; and I believe the word in
question is almost the only exception throughout the
language. However strange, therefore, slrizm may sound,
it is the only true and analogical pronunciation : and we
might as well pronounce tc/iemf, seme, as schism, si*m,
there being exactly the same reason for both. But when
once a false pronunciation is fixed, as this is, it requires
some daring spirit to begin the reformation : but when
onee begun, as it has, what seldom happens, truth, no-
velty, and the appearance of Greek erudition, on its side,
there is no doubt of its success. Whatever, therefore,
may be the fate of its pronunciation, it ought still to re-
tain its spelling. This must be held sacred, or the whole
language will be metamorphosed : for the very same rea-
son that induced Dr. Johnson to spell sceptcile, skeptici;
ought to have made him spell xliism, tiziu, and schedule,
sedule. AH our orthoepists pronounce the word as ] have
marked it.
SCHISMATICAL, siz-mat-t£-kal, adj. Implying
schism, practising schism.
SCHEMATICALLY, siz-inat-te-kal-^, adi<. In »
sehismalieal manner.
SCHISMATICK, siz'mi-tik, s. One who separates
from the true church.
SCHOLAR. sk-M-lur, s. 88- 353. One who learns
of a master, a disciple; a man of letters; a pedant, a
man of books; one who lias a lettered education.
SCHOLARSHIP, skol-l&r-shlp, s. Learning, litera-
ture, knowledge; literary exhibition; exhibition or
maintenance for a scholar.
SCHOLASTICAL, sko liU'te-kil, adj. Belonging to
a scholar or school.
SCHOLASTICALLY, sko-lSs-te kil-<*, adv. Accord-
ing to the niceties or method of the schools.
SCHOLASTICS, sko-lis-ilk, adj. Pertaining to the
school, practised in the schools ; befitting the school,
suitable to the school, pedantiek.
SCHOLIAST, sko-le-ast, *. 353. A writer of ex-
planatory notes.
SCHOLION, sko-ld-Sn, J *• A note> an cxpk-
SCHOLIUM. sk<W£-&m, 3 natory observation.
SCHOOL, skOol, s. 353. A house of discipline and
instruction; a place of literary education: a state of
instruction ; system of doctrine as delivered by r>a;'.:cu-
lar teachers.
SCI
455
SCO
n3r 1G7, not 163— t&be 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pofind 313 — tfiln 466 — THIS 469.
To SCHOOL, skool, v. a. To instruct, to train ; to
teach with superiority, to tutor.
SCHOOLBOY, skool-bod, s. A boy that is in his
rudiments at school.
SCHOOLDAY, skool-dA, s. Age in which youth is
kept at school.
SCHOOLFELLOW, skool-f£l-lo, 3. One bred at the
- same school.
SCHOOLHOUSE, skool-hofise, S. House of discip-
line and instruction.
SCHOOLMAN, skoSl-man, s. 88. One versed in
the niceties and subtilties of academical disputation ;
one "killed in the divinity of schools.
SCHOOLMASTER, skool-mas-tu-r, s. One who pre-
sides and teaches in a school.
SCHOOLMISTRESS, skool-mls-trls, «. A woman
who governs a school.
SCIATICA, si-at^-ka, 7
cr i . , ?, > s. 509. The hip gout.
SciATiCK, si-autik, \
SciATICAL, si-it-t^-kal, adj. Afflicting the hip.
SCIENCE, Sl-£nse, s. Knowledge ; certainty ground-
ed on demonstration ; art attained by precepts, or built
on principles ; any art or species of knowledge.
SCIENTIAL, sl-3nishal, adj Producing science.
SCIENTIFICAI., si-^n-tlf-le kal,
SCIENTIFICK, sl gn-tii-flk.
Producing
demonstrative knowledge, producing certainty.
SCIENTIFICALLY, sl-3n tlf-fe-kal-^, adv. In such
a manner as to produce knowledge.
SCIMITAR, slm-m£-t&r, s. 88. A short sword with
a convex edge.
To SCINTILLATE, slnitll-late, t;. n. To sparkle, to
emit sparks.
SCINTILLATION, sln.-tll-la-sb.ftn, *. The act of
sparkling, sparks emitted.
SCIOLIST, sKo-list, s. One who knows things su-
perficially.
SciOLOUS, sUA-lus, adj. Superficially or imperfectly
knowing.
SCIOMACHY, si-6m-ina-k<*, s. Battle with a shadow.
— See Slonamachy.
K5" Mr. Xares questions whether the c should not be
pronounced hard in this word, (or, as it ought rather to be
tcliicmmchy ;) and if so, he says, ought we not to write
ikiomachy, for the same reason as skeptickV 1 answer,
Exactly.— See Scirrhus and gkeptlck.
Dr. Johnson's folio accents this word properly on the
second syllable, (See Principles, No. 518,) but the quarto
on the first.
SciON, si-in, *. 166. A small twig taken from one
tree to be ingrafted into another.
SciREFACIAS, si-ie-fa-shas.s. A writ judicial in law.
SciRRHCS, sklrirus, s. 109. An indurated gland.
J£5» This word is sometimes, but improperly, written
tchimu, with the h in the first syllable instead of the last ;
and Bailey and Kenning have given us two aspirations, and
spelt it sc/iirr/tus; both of which modes of spelling the
word are contrary to the genera! analogy of orthography ;
for as the word comes from the Greek rxiffot, the latter r
only can have the aspiration, as the first of the*e double
letters has always the spiritiis Icnis : and the c in the first
syllable, as it arises from the Greek *, and not the 3-, no
more reason can be given for placing the h after it, by
spelling it schirrus, than there is for spelling scene, from
ti;, sc/iene; or sceptre, from
, scheptre. The
most correct Latin orthography confirms this opinion, by
spelling the word in question scirrlins ; and, according to
the most settled analogy of our own language, and the
constant method of pronouncing words from the Greek
and Latin, the c ought to be soft before the i in this word,
and the fi st syllable should be pronounced like the first of
tyr-inge, Sir-i us, &c.
Whatever might have been the occasion of the false or-
thography of this word, its fal.-c pronunciation seems fix-
ed beyond recovery : ai'd Dr. Johnson tells us it ought to
be written tkirrhus, not merely because it comes from
rxipoo;, but because c in Knglish has, before e and i, the
sound ofs. Dr. Johnson is the last man that I should
have suspected of giving this advice. What! because a
false orthography has obtained, and a false pronunciation
in consequence of it, must both these errors be confirm-
ed by a still grosser departure from analogy ? A little re.
flection on the consequences of so pernicioxis a practice
would, I doubt not, nave made Dr. Johnson retract his
advice. While a true orthography remains, there is some
hope that a false pronunciation may be reclaimed ; but
when once the orthography is altered, pronunciation is
incorrigible; and we must bow to the tyrant, however
false may be his title. — See Principles, No. 350, and the
word Skeptick.
Mr. Sheridan pronounces this word gkirrout ; Mr.
Scott, Mr. Perry, and W. Johnston, have omitted it;
neither Dr. Kenrick nor Buchanan takft any notice of the
sound of c, and, according to them, it might be pronounc-
ed s; but Barclay writes it to be pronounced sklrrui.
SciRRHOUS, sklr-r&s, adj. 314. Having a gland
indurated.
SCIRRHOSITY, sklr-r6s-se-te, s. An induration of
the glands.
SciSSIBLE, sls-se bl, adj. Capable of being divided
smoothly by a sharp edge.
SciSSILE, sis^sil, adj. HO. Capable of being cut or
divided smoothly by a sharp edge.
SCISSION, s5zh-Qn, s. The act of cutting. — See
Abscission.
SCISSORS, slz'z&rz, s- 1 66. A small pair of shears,
or blades moveable on a pivot, and intercepting the
thing to be cut.
SciSSURE, slzhifire, s. A crack, a rent, a fissure.
ScLAVONIA, skliUvA-nA a, s. 92. A province near
Turkey in Europe.
SCLAVONICK, skla-von-ik, adj. The Sclavonian
language.
ScLEROTICK, sk!£-rot-ik, adj. Hard, an epithet
of one of the coats of the eye.
To SCOAT, sk6te.
To SCOTCH, sk&tsh
> t>. a.
To stop a wheel by
N. B. The
putting a stone or piece of wood under it.
former of these words is the most in use.
To SCOFF, skof, v. n. To treat with insolent ridi-
cule, to trca' with contumelious language.
SCOFF, skif, s. 170. Contemptuous ridicule, ex-
pression of scorr. ; contumelious language.
SCOFFER, skof-fur, s. 98. Insolent ridiculer, saucy
scorner, contumelious reproachcr.
SCOFFING LY, sk6f-f ing-Id, adv. In contempt, in
ridicule.
To ScOLD, skold, v. n. To quarrel clamorously
and rudely. — See Mould.
SCOLD, skold, s. A clamorous, rude, foul-mouthed
woman.
SCOLLOP, sk&l-l&p, S. 166. A pectinated shell fish
SCONCE, sk&nse, s. A fort, a bulwark ; the head ;
a pensile candlestick, generally with a looking-glass to
reflect the light.
To SCONCE, skinse, v. a. To mulct, to fine.
SCOOP, sko6p, s. 306. A kind of large ladle, a
vessel with a long handle used to throw out liquor.
T» SCOOP, skoop, v. a. To lade out ; to carry off
in any thing hollow ; to cut hollow or deep.
ScOOPER, skoopi-ur, s. 98. One who scoops.
SCOPE, skope, s. Aim, intention, drift ; thing aim-
ed at, mark, final end ; room, space, amplitude of in-
tellectual view
SCORBUTIC A L, skor-bu^te-kal, 7 adj. Diseased
SCORBUTICK, skor-bu-tik, 509. ^with the scurvey.
SCORBUTICALLY, skor bu-te-kal-ti, adv. With
tendency to the scurvey.
To SCORCH, skortsli, v. a. 352. To burn super
fieially ; to burn.
1 o SCORCH, skortsh, v. n. To be burnt superficial-
ly, to be dried up.
SCORDIUM, skor-d^-um, or skor-je-&m, s. 293
294. 376. An herb.
SCORE, skiire, s. A notch or long incision ; a line
drawn ; an account which, when writing was less com-
mon, was kept by marks on tallies ; account kept of
something past ; debt imputed ; reason, motive; sake,
account, reason referred to some one ; twenty ; a M':ig
in Score, the words with the musical notes of a song
SCO
456
SCR
Veal cut into email
IS- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fSll 83, fat 81 — m<J 93,
To SCORE, skore, t'. a. To set dowi» as a dcM 5 to
impute, to charge ; to mark by a line.
SCORIA, sko^re-a, s. 92. Dross, excrement.
Scoitious, sko-re-is, adj. 314. Drossy, rccremen-
titJous.
To SCORN, skorn, r. a. To despise, to revile, to
vilify.
To ScOKN, sk5ni, i>. n. To scoff.
SCORN, skorn, *. Contempt, scoff, act of contumely.
ScORNFR, skoni'&r, *. 98. Conteinner, d«spi»er ;
scoffer, ridiculcr.
SCORNFUL, skorn-ffil, adj. Contemptuous, inso-
lent; acting in defiance
SCORNFULLY, skorn-fiSr!-£, adv. Contemptuously,
insolently.
SCORPION, skoi-p£-6rr, *. A reptile much resemb-
ling a small lobster with a very venomous sting: one
of the signs of the Zodiack ; a scourge so eaHed from
its crueltt ; a sea fish.
SCOT, sk6t, s. Shot, payment ; Scot and lot, parish
payments.
To SCOTCH, skotsh, v. a. To cnt with shallow in-
cisions.
SCOTCH, skotsh, adj. Belonging to Scotland.
SCOTCH COLLOPS, ~)
SCOTCH' u COLLOPS, v
I pieces and fried.
& ORCH D COLLOPS, )
g^- The inspector may choose which of these he pleas-
es. The first is most in use, MM! seems nearest the truth.
SCOTCH HOPPERS, sk5tsh-l»5p-p&rz, *. A play
in which boys hop over lines in '.he ground.
ScOTOMY, skot-tA m<i, s. A dizziness or swimming
in the head, causing dimness of sight.
SCOUNDREL, skoun-dril, 3. A mean rascal, a tow
petty villain.
To SCOUR, skoflr, r. a. 312. To nib hard with
any thing rough, in order to clean the surface ; to purge
violently ; to cleanse ; to remove by scouting ; to range
in order to catch or drive away something, to clear
away ; to pass swiftly over.
To SCOUR, skour, v. n. To perform the office of
cleaning domestick utensils: to clean ; to-be purged or
lax; to rove, to range; to run here and there; to run
with great eagerness and swiftness, to scamper.
SCOURER, skour-fir, s. One that cleans by robbing ;
a purge; one who runs swiftly.
SCOURGE, sk&rje, s. 314 A whip, a lash, an in-
strument of discipline; a punishment, a vindictive af-
fliction ; one that afflicts, harasses, or destroys ; a whip
for a top.
To SCOURGE, skirje, r. a. To lash with a whip,
to whip ; to punish, to chastise, to chasten ; to castigate.
SCOURGER, skurijur, *. 98. One that scourges, a
punisher or chastiscr.
SCOUT, skofit, 3. 312. One who is sent privily to
observe the motions of the enemy.
To SCOUT, skout, f . n. To go out in order to ob-
serve the motions of an enemy privately.
JJ^r- This word has been used, latterly, as a verb ac-
tive in a very different sense, and in better company than
one could have imagined. This sense, when applied to
principles or opinions, is that of reprobating or despising ;
an.) we sometimes find, in parliamentary speeches, that
certain opinions or principle* are scouted : still, however,
with me, it passed for irrcptitious and demi-vulgar, till 1
found it used by one of the guardians of language, as well
as of religion and politics; tlie Anti-Jacobin Review.
" The first is the admirable and judicious Hooker ; who
icoiits the opinion of those, who, because the names ol
all church officers are words ot relation, because a shep-
herd must have his flock, » teacher his scholars, a minis-
ter his company which he ministereth unto, therefore
suppose that no man should be ordained a minister but
for some particular congregation, and unless he be tieii
to some certain parish. • Perceive thev not,' says he, • how
by this means they make it unlawful for the church ti
employ men at all in converting nations ?' "
To SCOWL, skoul, r. n. To frown, to pout, to took
angry, smir, and sullen.
SCOWL, skoiil, *. 322. Look of sullennesi or dis-
content, gloom.
5 — pine 10.5, pin 107 — no 162, move 16*,
ScOWI.lNSI.Y, skoul-Ing-le, adv. V/ith a frown-
ing and sullen look.
To SCRABBLE, skrab^bl, v. n. 405. To paw with
the hands.
SCRAG, skrag, s. Any thing thin or l.-anr.
SCRAGGED, skrag-g£il, nil). 30'6. Rtujj.'i, uneven,
full of protuberances or asperities
SCRAGGEDNESS, skr3g^;£d-n£s, 7
SCRASC-INF.SS, skrairig^-nfe, 5 * iesS
unevenness, roughness, rupgedness.
SCRAGGY, skrag-gti, adj. 383. Lean, th n ; rough,
rugged.
To SCRAMBLE, skram-bl, v. n. To catch at ai>y
thing eagerly and tumultuously with the hands, to-
catch with haste, preventive of another; to ciimb by
the help of the hands.
SCRAMBLE, skrStn-bf, *. 405. Eager corfest tjf
something ; act of climbing by the help of the r -\m:^
SCRAMBLER, skramibl-ir, s. 98. One that Kum-
bles; one that climbs by the helrrof the hands.
To SCKANCR, skrans-h, v. a. To grind soi-.evrnat
crackling between the teeth.
SCRANNEL, s>kran'nil, adj. 99. Grating by the
sound.
SCRAP, skrap, *. A smalt particle, a little piece, a
fragment ; crumb, small particles of meat left at the
table ; a small piece of paper.
To SCRAPE, skripe, v, a. To deprive of the sur-
face by the light action of a sharp instrument ; to take
away by scraping, to erase ; to act upon any surface
with a harsh noise ; to gather by great efforts or penu-
rious or trifling diligence; to Scrape acquaintance, a
low phrase ; to curry favour, or insinuate iuto one's fa-
miliarity.
To SCRAPE, skripe, v. n. To make a harsh noise ;
to play ill on a fiddle.
SCRAPE, skrape, s. Difficulty, perplexity, distress }
an awkward bow.
SCRAPER, skra-p&r, s. 98. Instrument with which
any thing is scraped ; a miser, a man intent on getting
money, a scrapepenny ; a vile fiddler.
To SCRATCH, skratsh, r. a. To tear or mark with
slight incisions ragged and uneven ; to tear with the
nails; to wound siightl) ; to hurt slightly with any
thing pointed or k<en; to rub with the nails; to write
or draw awkwardly.
SCRATCH, skiStsll, s. An incision vagged and shal-
low; laceration with the nails ; a .-light »ound.
ScRATCHER, skratsh^fir, s. 98. He who scratches.
SCRATCHES, skratshi'tz, s. 99. Cracked ulcers or
scabs in a horse's foot.
ScRATCHINGI.Y, skratsl)iIng-Ur adv. With the ac-
tion of scratching.
STRAW, skriw, s. 219. Surface or scurf.
To SCRAWL, skiSwl, v- a. 219. To draw or mark
irregularly or clumsily ; to write unskilfully and inele-
gantly.
SCRAWL, skrawl, s. Unskilful and inelegant writing.
SCRAWI.EB, skriwl-Or, s. A clumsy and inclegan
writer.
SCRAY, skra, i. 22O. A bird call.il a sea-swal'nw.
To SCREAK, skr^ke, r. n. 227. To make a shrill
or harsh noise.
To SCREAM, skreme, v. n. 227 To ery out shril-
ly, as in terror 01 agony.
SCREAM, ski erne, 3. A shrill quick loud cry of ter-
ror or pain.
To SCREFCH, skrWtsb, v. n. 246. To cry out a
in terror or anguish : to cry as a night owl.
SCREECHOWL, skreetsli-oul, s. An owl that hoott
in the ''ight, and whose voice is supposed to betoken
danger ir death.
SCREEN, skreen, *. 246. Any thing that affords
shelter f concealment ; any thing used to exclude »ld
or light, j riddle to sift sund.
To SCREEN, skrei-n, »•. a. To shelter, to conceal,
to hide ; to sift, to riddle.
SCREW, skroo, s. 2C5. One of the mechanical
SCR
457
SOU
n3r 167, nit 163 — tube 171, l&h J72, ball 173 — &l 299 — p3&nd 313— Min 466 — THis 469.
powers ; a kind of twisted p'm or nail which enters 'by
turning.
To SCREW. s1<r66, v a. To -tunn rby a screw ; to
fasten with a screw ; to deform-by contortions; to force,
to bring by violence ; to squeeze, to press ; to oppress
by extortion.
To SCRIBBLE, skiil/bl, ,v. .a. 405. To fill with
artless or worthless writing ; to write without use or
elegance,
To SCRIBBLE, skrlb4d, v. n. To write without
care or beauty.
SCRIBBLE, skrlb-l>l, s. Worthless writing.
SCRIBBLER, skr'rbibl-fir, *. 98. A petty author, a
writer without worth.
SCRIBE, ski-ibf, s. A writer ; a publick notary.
SCRIMER, skriiirilV, *. 98. A gladiator. Not in use.
SCRIP, skrip, *-. A small bag, a satchel ; a schedule,
a small writing.
SCRIPPAGK, skrlpi,pldje, *. 90. That which is
contained in a scrip.
SCRIPTORY, skrlp-tiir ^, adj. 512. Wiitten, not
orally delivered. — See Domestic/?.
SCRIPTURAL, skrip^tslii-riU, adj. Contained in
the Bible, biblical.
SCRIPTURE, skrlp^tshbre, s. 461. Writing, sacred
writing, the Bible.
SCRIVENER, skriv-nfir, *. One .who draws con-
tracts ; one whose business is to place money at inter-
est.
ft;5" This word is irrecoverably contracted into two syl-
lables.— See Clef and Nominative.
SCROFULA, iklAftu-UL, s. 92. A depravation of
the humours of the body, which breaks out in sores
commonly called the king's evil.
SCROFULOUS, skiof-u-lus, culj. 314. Diseased
with the scrofula.
SCROLL, skiole, s. 406. A writing rolled up.
SCROYLE, skroel, s. A mean fellow, a rascal, a
wretch.
To SCRUB, skr.fib, v. a. To rub haed with some-
th ing coarse and rough.
SCRUB, skrub, s. A mean fellow ; any thing mean
or despicable.
SCRUBBED, skrulA>!d, 366. ? ,. ,
SCRUBBY, skr&biW, $ fl^ Mean> *'le'
worthless, dirty, sorry.
SCRUFF, skr&K, $.
jfjT- This word, by a metafhosis.usual in pronunciation,
Dr. Johnson supposes to be the same with scurf.
SCRUPLE, skr6&pl, s. 339. 405. Doubt; per-
plexity, generally about minute things ; twenty .grains,
the third part of a drachm; .proverbially any small
quantity.
To SCRUPLE, skr&&-|>l, v. n. To doubt, to hesitate.
ScRUPLER, skio&pl-fir, *. QB. A, doubter, one who
has scruples.
SCRUPULOSITY, skroo-pfi-losi£-t£, *. Doubt, mi-
nute and nice doubtfulness; fear of acting in any man-
ner, teiiilcrness of conscience.
SCRUPULOUS, skr66-pt-lfis, adj. 314. Nicely
doubtful, hard to satisfy in determinations of con-
science; given to objections, captious; cautious.
SCRUPULOUSLY, skr&>ipu-l&s-l£, adv. Carefully,
nicely, anxiously.
SCRUPULOUSNESS, skr6o£p&-lus-n£s, *. The state
of being scrupulous.
SCRUTAJJI.K, skroo^ti-bl, adj. 405. Discoverable by
inquiry.
ScftUTATION, skrSS-ta-shun, *. Search, exami-
nation, inquiry.
SCRUTATOR, skroo-ta-tfir, s. 166. Inquirer,
searcher, examiner.
ScKUTINOUS, skrSo-tln-fis, adj. Captious, full of
inquiries.
SCRUTINY, skr65't<*-n£, t. 339. Inquiry, search,
examination.
To SCRUTINIZE, &kru6itin-ize, ». a. To search,
to examine.
ScRUTOIRE, &kr&6-t&n/ *. A ease of drawers for
writing.
To ScnD, -sWld, v. H. To fly, to run away with
precipitation.
To SCUDDLE, sk&didl. v. U. To run with a kind
of affected haste or precipitation.
SCUFFLE, skftfifl, s. 4O5. A confused quarrel, a
Uimultuous broil.
To SCUFFLE, skSfifl, v. n. To fight confusedly
and tumnltiiously.
To SCULK, sk61k, <>. «. To lurk in hiding jJaccs,
to lie close
ScULKEfi, ek-filk-UT, s. 98. A lurker, one that
hides himself for shame or mischief.
SCULL, fik.fi], S. The bone which incases and de-
fends the brain, the .arched hone of the head ; a email
boat, a cockboat ; oue-who rows a cockboat ; a shoal
of fish.
SCULLCAP, slcfi!-k3p, *. A headpiece.
SCULLER, sk&Wur, t. 98. A cockboat, a boat in
which there is but one rower ; one that rows a cock
boat.
SCULLERY, sk&l-lfir •£, s. The place where .com-
mon utensils, as kettles ordishes, are cleaned and kept.
SCULLION, sk<fil-y&n, s. 113. The lowest domes-
tick -servant, that washes the kettles and the dishes in
the kitchen.
SCULPTII.E, sk&lp-tll, adj. 1 40. Made by carving.
SCULPTOR, skulp-tur, s. 16f>. A carver, one who
cuts wood or stone into images.
ScUI.PTURE, skfilp-tshire, s. 451. The art of
carving wood, or hewing stone into images; carved
work; the act of engraving.
To SCULPTURE, skulp-tshure, u .a. To cut, to en-
grave.
.SCUM, skfim, *. That which rises to the top of any
liquor ; the dross, the refuse, the recrement.
To SCUM, skfim, r. a. To dear off the scum.
SCUMMER, sk&mim&r, s. 98. A vessel with wliich
liquor is scummed.
SCUPPER HOLES, skup-pur, s. 98. In a ship, small
holes .on the .deck, through which water is carried into
the sea.
SCURF, skfirf, S. A kind of dry, miJiary scab ; soil
or stain adherent ; any thing sticking on the surface.
'SCURF1NESS, s'kfirW-n£s, s. The state of being
scurfy.
ScURRII., sk&iirll, aflj Low, mean, grossly o|>pro-
brious.
ScUKRI LITY, skfir-rll-4-t4, s. Crossness of reproach;
low abuse.
SCURRILOUS, skfir-rll-fis, adj. 814. Grossly op-
probrious, using such language as only the license of 4
buffoon can warrant.
SCURRILOUSLY, skfirirll-fis-li, ado. With gross
reproach, with low buffoonery.
SCURV1LY, s'kurive-l£, adv. Viley, basely, coarsely.
SCUKVY, sk&r'-ve, s. A djstemper of the inhabitants
of.cold countries, and among those who inhabit marshy,
fat, low, moist soils.
SCURVY, skur-.v^, adj. Scabbed, diseased with the
scurvy ; vile, worthless, contemptible.
SCUBVYGRASS, skfir-v^-gras, *. The spoonwort
St'UT. sktit , s. The -tail of those animals whose tail*
are very short.
SCUTAGE, sku^tadje, *. 90. Shield money. A tax
lormerly .granted to the king for an expedition to th«
rioly Land.
SCUTCHEON, skfitsh-ltT, s. 259. The shield repre-
sented in heraldry.
ScUTlEORM, «k6-t<*-farm, adj. Shaped like a
shield.
j SCUTTI .E, skutitl, .1. 4O5. A wide shallow basket ;
a small grate; a quick pace, a short run, a pace of af-
fected precipitation.
To SCUTTLE, skfu'tl, v. .n. To run with affected
SEA 458 SEA
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 8:5, fit 81 — mi 93, mil 95— pine 105, pin 107— ni 162, move 164,
Ti) 'SuEIGX, itdane, r. a. To disdain. This con-
tr.ictinn is obsolete.
SEA, si, S. The ocean, the water opposed to the
Ian I ; a collection of water, a lake; proverbially for any
liir^e quantity; any thing rough and tempestuous; half
Seas over, half drunk.
SEABEAT, si^bite, adj. Dashed by the waves of
the sea.
SEABOAT, si-bote, J. Vessel capable to bear the sea.
SEABORN, si-born, adj. Born of the sea, produced
by the sea.
SEABOY, si-boi, .«. Boy employed on shipboard.
SEABKEACH, si'britsh, s. Irruption of the sea by
breaking the banks.
SEABREEZE, si-bi ize, s. Wind blowing from the sea.
SEABUILT, si'bllt, adj. Built for the sea.
SEAHOI.LY, si hol-le, *. A plant.
SEACALF, si-kaf,' s. The seal.
SEACAP, si-kip, s. Cap made to be worn on ship-
board.
Sr.ACHAUT, si-kart,' s. Map on which only the
coasts are delineated.— See Chart.
SEACOAL, si^kole, s. Coal so called, because brought
to London by sea.
SEACOAST, si-kostf,' s. Shore, edge of the sea.
SEACOMPASS, si-k&m^pas, 5. The card and needl°
of mariners.
SEACOW, si-k5u,' s. The manatee, a very bulky
animal, of the cetaceous kind.
SEADOG, si-dog," s. Perhaps the shark.
SEAFARER, si-fa-rur, $. A traveller by sea, a
mariner.
SEAFARING, s&fa-rlng, adj. 410. Travelling by
sea.
SEAFENNEL, si-fin-nil, s. 99. The same with
tiamphirt, which see.
SEAKIGHT, si-fiu,'s. Battle of ships, battle on the sea.
SEAFOWL, si-foul,' s. A. bird that lives at sea.
SEAGIRT, se-<l£i t, adj. Girded or encircled by the sea.
SEAGREEN, si-griin, adj. Resembling the colour
of the distant sea, cerulean.
SEAGULL, si-gill/ s. A sea bird.
SEAHF.DGEHOG, si.hidjt.-hog, s. A kind of sea
shell-fish.
SEAHOG, si-h&g,' s. The porpus.
SF.AHOBSE, si- horse/ s- The seahorse is a fish of a
very singular form, it is about four or five inches in
length, and nearly half an inch in diameter in the
broadest part; the morse; by the seahorse Dryden
means the hippopotamus.
SEAMAID, si-made, s. Mermaid.
SEAMAN, S&m&n, s. A sailor, a navigator, a mari-
ner ; merman, the male of the mermaid.
Sr.AMAUK, S&mirk, s. Point or conspicuous place
d.stinguished at sea.
SEAMEW, si-mii/ s. A fowl that frequents the sea.
SEAMONSTER, si-mons-tur, s. A strange animal
of the sea.
SEANYMPH, si-uimf,' s. A goddess of the sea.
StAONlON, si-fm-yun, s. An herl>.
SEAOOSE, si ooze/ *. The mud iii the sea or shore.
SEA PIECE, si-piise, s. A picture representing any
thing at sea.
SEAPOOL, si-pool, *. A lake of salt water.
SEAPORT, support, s. A harbour.
SEARISQUE, si-risk, s. Hazard at sea.
SEAUOCKET, si-rok-klt, s. A plant.
SEAROOM, si-room, s. Open sea, spacious main.
SEAROVER, si-ro-v&r, s. A pirate.
SEASERFENT, se- sir-pint, adj. A serpent gene-
rated in the water.
SEASERVICE, si^ir-vls, ». Naval war
SEASHARK, si-shark,' s. A ravenou? sea-fish.
SEASUELL, si-shil/ s. Shells found on the shore.
SEASHORE, si-sh6re/ s. The coast of the 5ea.
SEASICK, si-sik, adj. Sick, as new voyagers on the
sea.
SEASIDE, si-sldi',' s. The edge of the sea.
SEASURGEON, si-sur-jun, s. A chirurgeon em-
ployed on shipboard.
SEATERM, si'tinn, s. Word of art used by the
seamen.
SEAWATER, si- wa-tnr, s. The salt water of the sea.
SEAL, silf, s. 227. The scacalf.
SEAL, sile, s. A stamp engraved with a particular
impression, which is fixed upon the wax that closes
letters, or affixed as a testimony ; the impression made
in wax, any act of confirmation.
To SEAL, sile, v. a. To fasten with a seal ; to
confirm or attest by a seal ; to confirm, to ratify ; to
settle; to shut, to close; to mark with a stamp.
Z'u SEAL, sile, v. n. To fix a seal.
SEALER, si-lur. s. 98. One who seals.
SEALINGWAX, si-ling-wAks, s. Hard wax used to
seal letters.
SEAM, sime, s. 227. The edge of cloth where the
threads are doubled, the suture where the two edges
are .-ewed together ; the juncture of planks in a ship; a
cicatrix, a scar ; grease, hog's lard. In this last sense
not used.
To SEAM, seme, v. a. To join together by suture
or otherwise ; to mark, to sear with a long cicatrix.
SEAMLESS, sime-Iis, adf. Having no seam.
SEAMSTRESS, sim-stris, *. 234. 515. A woman
whose trade is to sew.
SEAMY, si-mi, adj. Having a seam, showing the
seam.
SEAR, sire, adj. 227. Dry, not any longer green.
7'o Sr.Aii, sire, v. a. To burn, to cauterize.
SEARCE, sirse, s- 234- A fine sieve or bolter.
To SEARCE, sirse, v. a. To sift finely.
SEARCI.OTH, sireiklo/A, s. A plaster, a large plaster
To SEARCH, sirtsh, v. a. 234. To examine, to
try, to explore, to look through ; to inquire, to seek ; to
pro!>e as a chirurgeon ; to search out, to find by seeking.
To SEARCH, sirtsh, v. n. To make a search ; to
make inquiry ; to seek, to try to find.
SEARCH, sirtsh, s. Inquiry by looking into every
suspected place ; inquiry, examination, act of seeking ;
quest, pursuit.
SEARCHER, sirtsh-frr, S. Examiner, inquirer, trier ;
officer in London appointed to examine the bodies of
the dead, and report the cau»c of death.
SEASON, si-zn, i. 227. 443. One of the four parts
of the year, Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter; a
time as distinguished from others; a fit time, an op-
portune concurrence ; a time not very long ; that wh ich
gives a high relish.
To SEASON, si-zn, v. a. 170. To mix with food
any thing that gives a high relish ; to give a relish to ;
to qualify by admixture of another ingredient; to im-
bue, to tinge or taint; to fit for any use by time or ha-
bit, to mature.
To SEASON, si-zn, v. n. To be mature, to grow
fit for any purpose.
SEASONABLE, si-zn-i-bl, adj. 405. Opportune,
happening or done at a proper tune.
SEASONABLF.NESS, siizn-a-bl-nis, s. Opportune-
ness of time ; propriety with regard to time.
SEASONABLY, si-zn-i-bli, adv. Properly with re-
spect to time.
SEASONER, si-zn-5r, s. 98. He who seasons or
gives a relish to any thing.
SEASONING, si-zn-lng, s. 410. That which is add-
ed to any thing to give it a relish.
SEAT, site, S. 227. A chair, bench, or any thing
on which one may sit : a chair of sUte ; tri'-iuuul i
mansion, abode ; situation, site.
SEC
459
SED
nor 167, n&t 163 — tibbe 171, lib 172, b&ll 173 — oil 299 — po&nd 313 — thin 466 — THis 469.
To SEAT, s<He, l'~ a. To place on se.its; to cause
to sit down ; to place in a post of authority, or place of
distinction ; to fix in any particular place or situation,
to settle; to fix, to place firm.
SEAWARD, steward, adv. 88. Towards the sea.
SECANT, se-kaut, s. In Geometry, the right line
drawn from the centre of a circle, catting and meeting
with another line called the tangent without it.
To SECEDE, S^-sWd,' v. a. To withdraw from fel-
lowship in any affair.
SECEDER, st*-seed-5r, s. 98. One who discover
his disapprobation of any proceedings by withdrawing
himself.
To SECERN, si-s£rn,' v a. To separate finer from
giosser matter, to make the separation of substances in
the body.
SECESSION, s£-s§sh-fin, s. The act of departing ;
the act of withdrawing from councils or actions.
To SECLUDE, se-klude,' v. a. To confine from, to
shut up apart, to exclude.
SECOND, sek-kund, «. 166. The next in order to
the first ; the ordinal of two ; next in value or dignity,
inferior.
SECOND-HAND, sekikiind-band, s. 525. Posses-
sion received from the first possessor.
SECOND, S^k-ktllld, s. One who accompanies ano-
ther in a duel, to direct or defend him ; one who sup-
ports or maintains ; the sixtieth part of a minute, mark-
ed thus ["].
To SECOND, s^kik&nd, v. a. To support, to for-
ward, to assist, to come in after the act as a mamtain-
er ; to follow in the next place.
SECOND-SIGHT, s^k-kftnd-siti-,' s. The power of
seeing things future, or things distant; supposed inhe-
rent in some of the Scottish islanders.
SECONDARILY, s£k-kun-da-re-l<i, adv. In the
second degree, in the second order.
SECONDAIUNESS, s3kiktm-da-re-n§s, s. The state
ol' being secondary.
SECONDARY, sek-kun-da-r^, adj. Not primary,
not of the first rate ; acting by transmission or deputa-
tion.
SECONDARY, sek-k&n-da-r£, s. A delegate, a deputy.
SECONDLY, s^k-ktind l&, adv. In the second place.
SKCONDRATE, s^k-kund-iate, s. The second or-
der in dignity or value ; it is sometimes used adjectively.
SECRECY, se-kr^-s^, x. Privacy, state of being hid-
den; solitude, retirement; forbearance of discovery;
fidelity to a secret, taciturnity inviolate, close silence.
SECRET, SC-krU, adj. 99. Kept hidden, not reveal-
ed; retired, private, unseen; faithful to a secret ei
trusted ; privy, obscene.
SECRET, se-krlt, s. Something studiously hidden ;
a thing unknown, something not yet discovered ; pri.
vacy, secrecy.
SECRETARISHIP, s§k-kr£-ta-re-sbip, s. The offic
of a secretary.
SECRETARY, s£k£krd-ta-r<S, s- One intrusted with
the management of business, one who writes for ano-
ther.
To SECRETE, s£-kr£te,' v. a. To put aside, to hide;
in the animal economy, to secern ; to separate.
SECRETION, se-kre-sbun, s. The part of the ani-
mal economy that consists in separating the van ;u
fluids of the body ; the fluid secreted.
SKCRETITIOUS, s<5k-rti-tisb-as, adj. 530. Parted
by animal secretion. __
SECRETIST, se-kr<j-tlst, s. A dealer in secrets.
SECRETLY, seikrlt-1^, adv. Privately, privily, not
openly, not publickly.
SECRETNESS, se-krlt-nds, s. State of being hidden ;
quality of keeping a secret.
SECRETORY, se-kre-tCir-4, adj. 512. Performin
the office of secretion.
SfcCT, s£kt, s. A body of men following some par-
ticular master, or um.ed in some tenets.
SECTARISM, sdkita-rlzm, s. Dis|K>sition to petty
sects 111 opposition to things established.
SECTARY, s5k-ta-r£, *. One who divides from pub-
lick establishment, an.l joins ji-ith those dislinguishcl
by some particular whims; a follower, a pupil.
SECTATOR, s£k-ta-tur, «. 521. A follower, an
imitator, a disciple.
SECTION, s£k-sli&n, s. The act of cutting or divid-
ing ; a part divided from the rest; a small and distinct
part of a writing or book.
SECTOR, s£k-tur, y 166. A mathematical instru-
ment for laying down or measuring angles.
SECULAR, s^kikh-lur, adj. 88. Not spiritual, re-
lating to affairs of the present world ; in the Church of
Rome, not bound by monastick rules ; happening 01
coming once in a century.
SECULARITY, sek-kii-lar-^-t4, s. Worldliness, at
tent ion to the things of the present life.
To SECULARIZE, sek-ku-lA-rize, v. a. To convert
from spritual appropriations to common use ; to make
worldly.
SECULARLY, s£k-ku-ltir-le, adv. In a worldly man-
ner.
SECUI.ARNESB, slk-ku-lur-nes, s. Worldliness.
SECUNDINE, sek-kun-dine, s. 149. The mem-
brane in which the embryo is wrapped, the after-birth.
SECURE, s£-k6re£ adj. Free from fear, easy, as-
sured ; careless, wanting caution ; free from danger, safe.
To SECURE, s^-khre,' v. a. To make certain, to
put out of hazard, to ascertain ; to protect, to make
safe ; to insure ; to make last.
SECURELY, se-kurc-le, adv. Without fear, with-
out danger, safely.
SECUREMENT. se-k6ri>mOnt, s. The cafese at
safety, protection, defence.
SECURITY, s^-k£i-re-t<*, s. Carelessness, freedom
from fear; confidence, want of vigilance; protection,
defence; anything given as a pledge or caution, in-
surance; safety, certainty.
SEDAN, s^-dan,' s. A kind of portable coach, a chair
SEDATE, stJ date/ adj. Calm, unruffled, serene.
SEDATELY, s£-date-le, adv. Calmly, without dis-
turbance.
SEDATENESS, s£-date-n£s, S. Calmness, tranquillity.
SEDENTARINESS, s£diden ti-r^-nes, s. The state
of being sedentary, inactivity.
SEDENTARY, s^di-den-ta-i £, adj. Passed in sit-
ting still, wanting motion or action; torpid, inactive.
J^» We sometimes hear this word with the accent on
the second syllable; but I find this pronunciation only in
Buchanan. Dr. John.on, Mr. bheriilan, Mr. Scott, W.
Johnston, Or. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Perry, Bailey, Bar-
clay, Kenning, Entick, and Smith, place the accent on
the first syllable.
SEDGE, s£dje, s. A growth of nariow flags, a nar-
row flag.
SEDGY, s^d-ji, adj. Overgrown with narrow flags.
SEDIMENT, s§d-e-mt!nt, s. That which subsides
or settles at the bottom.
SEDITION, s^-dlsb-&n, s. A tumult, an insurrec-
tion, a popular commotion.
SEDITIOUS, s<^-disb-us, adj. Factious with tumult,
turbulent.
SEDITIOUSLY, se-dlsb^Ss-le, adv. Tumultuously,
with factious turbulence.
SEDITIOUSNESS, st5-dish-us-n§s, s. Turbulence,
disposition to sedition.
To SEDUCE, s^-dtisc,' v. a. To draw aside from
the right, to tempt, to corrupt, to deprave, to mislead,
to deceive.
SEDUCEMENT, se-diise-m£nt, s. Practice of seduc-
tion, art or means used in order to seduce.
SEDUCER, s^-du-sur, s. 98. One who draws asid«
from the right, a tempter, a corrupter.
SEDUCIBLE, s^-clu-s^-bl, adj. 405. Corruptible,
capable of being drawn aside.
SEDUCTION, se-dok-sliun, s. The act of seducing,
the act of drawing aside.
SEDULITY, sti-du-le-te, A-. Diligent assiduity, labo
riousness, industry, application.
SEE
460
SEM
&- 559. FAtc 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81— mi 93,
SEDULOUS, secW-li>s. or s3d-j6-l&s, adj. 2-93,
294. 376. Asskluous, industrious, laborious, diligent,
painful.
SEOUI OUfil.Y, s&lidfi l&siJe, adit. Assiduously,
industriously, SaboriouOy, diligently, painfully.
SEDULOUSNESS, s£.t-d6 l&s-n£s, *. Assiduity, as-
siduousness, industry, diligence.
SEE, see, s. 246. The seat of episcopal power, the
diooessof a bishop.
To SEE, sW, I', a. To perceive by the ere; to ob-
serve, to h'n<l ; to discover, to descry ; to converse with.
To SEE, sW, f. n. To have the power of siglit, to
have, •by the eye, perception of things distant ; to dis-
cern without deception : to inquire, to distiuguUh ; to
be attenti've; to kcheme, to contrive.
SEE, see, interj. tx>, look-!
•SEED, seed, s. 246. The organized particle produc-
ed bv plants and animals, from which new plants and
animals are generated; first principle, original; prin-
ciple of production ; progeny, offspring ; race, gene
ration.
To SEED, seed, v. n. To grow to perfect maturity
so ns to shed the seed.
SEEDCAKE, seed-kake, s. A sweet cake interspers-
ed with warm aromatiok seeds.
SEEDLIP. seed-lip, 3 *. A vessel in which the
SF.EDLOP, seedilip, | *>»« carries his sted.
SEEDPEARL, seedipeVl, *. Small grains of pearl.
SEEDPI.OT, see I'pl5t, s. The ground on which
plants are sowed to be afterwards transplanted.
SEEDTIME, seed-time, s. The season of sowing.
SEEDLING, seed-ling, s. 410. A youn^ plant jus
risen from the seed.
SEEDSMAN, seWz-min, s. 88. The sower, he that
scatters the seed.
SEEDY, seed-e, adj. 182. Abounding with seed.
SEEING, see-ing, *. 4K). -Sight, vision.
SEEING, seeding, 1 COHJ. Since, i
SEEING THAT, see^Ing-THat, { ^ing so tnat-
To SEEK, seek, t>. a. Pret. Sought ; part, pass
Sought. To look for, to search for; to solicit, to en
deavour to gain j to .go to find ; to pursue by secre
machinations.
To SEEK, s^ek, ». n. 246. To make search,
make inquiry, to endeavour; to make pursuit; to ap-
ply to, to use solicitation ; to endeavour after.
•SEEKER, seek-ur, *. 98. One who seeks, an in
quirer.
To SEEL, siil, v. a. 246- To close the eyes. A
term of Falconry, the eyes of a wild or haggard haw
being for a time seeled.
To SEEM, s£ein, v. n. 246. To appear, to make
show ; to have semblance ; to have the appearance o
truth ; it ^ecrns, there is an appearance, though n
reality ; it is sometimes a slight affirmation, it appear
to be.
SEEMEH, seem-ur, t. 98. One that carries an ap-
pearance.
SEJEMING, seetnUng, *. 410. Appearance, show
semblance; fair appearance; opinion.
SEEMINGLY, seeinVing-.le', adv. In appearance, i
show, in semblance.
SEEMINGNESS, s&m-ing-n&;, s. Plausibility, fai
appearance.
St KM LINESS, seemM^-ne's. *. Decency, handsome
ness, comeliness, grace, beauty.
SEEMLY, seemil<5, adj. 182. Decent, becoming
proper, fit.
SEEMLY, set^m-le1, adv. In a decent manner, in
proper manner.
SEEN, seen, ml}. 246. Skilled, .versed.
SEER, seer, *. One who sees ; a -prophet, one wh
foresees future events.
SHERWOOD, seer-wud, s. Dry wood. — See Sear
wood.
&EKSAW, se-saw. A A reciprocating
met 15— pine 105, pin 1O7— ni i62, ni6vc 164,
"o SEESAW, seisaw, v. n. To move wi*h a reci-
procating motion,
'o SJ>:ETH, S&TH, ». a. 246. To boil, to decoct
in hot liquor.
"o SEKT-H, si^eTH, v. n. 467. To be in a state of
ebullition, to be hot.
SEETHE!*, s^eT«-iir, s. 98. A 'boiler, a pot.
i FOMENT, S^g^rn^ut, i. A figure? «H>tained be-
tween a chord and an arch of the circle, or so much of
the circle as is cut oft' by Miat chord.
To SEGREGATE, seg-jfre-gate, v. a. 91. To set
apart, to separate from others.
SEGREGATION, s^g-gre-ga-sliwn, 4. Separation
from others.
SEIGNEURIA.L, s^-nfi'r^ al, adj. 250. Invested
with large powers, independent.
SEIGNIOR, s^ntiyur, s. 166. A lord. The title of
honour given by Italians.
SEIGNIORY, sentiyur.-re, s. J 1.3. A lordship. .a ter-
ritory.
SEIGNORAGE, s£ne-\ fir-ldje, s. 90. Authority, ac-
knowledgment of power.
To SEIGNORI/E, seiu-yur-jze, .v. .a. To lord over.
SEINE, sene, s. A net used in fUhing.
To SEIZE, s^ze, v. a. 25O. To titke possession of,
to grasp, to lay-hold -on, to fasten on ; to take forcible
possession of by law.
To SEJZE, seie, v. n. To fix the grasp or the power
on any thing.
SEIZIN, se-zin, ,s. The act of -taking possession ; the
thing possessed.
SEIZURE, se^zhdre, *. 45O. The act of seizing ;
the thing seized ; the act of taking forcible possession •
gripe, possession ; catch.
SELDOM, sSUd&m, ado. 166. Barely, not often.
SELDOMN.ESS, s£l-dum-u£s, s. Uncommonuess
rareness.
To SKI-ECT, s£-l£kt,' v. a. To choo«e in preference
to others rejected.
SELECT, se-le'kt,' adj. Nicely chosen, choice, culled
out on account of superior excellence.
SELECTION, s^-l^k^sliCin, 5. Xhe act of culling or
choosing, choice.
SELKCTNESS, s£-.l£kt-n£s, 3. The state of being
select.
SELECTOR, se-l^kitur, s. 166. He who Meets.
SELENOGRAPHY, s£l-le-nog'gri-te, s. 518. A
description of the moon.
SELF, s£lf, pron. Piur. Selves. Its primary sig-
nification seems to be that of an adjective ; verv, par-
ticular, this above others; it is united both to the per-
sonal pronouns, and to the neutral pronoun It, ajjd if
always added when they are used reciprocally, as, I dirt
not hurt Him, he hurt Himself; the people hiss Me,
but I clap Myself; compounded whh Him, a pronoun
substantive, Self is in appearance an adjective; joined
to My, Thy, Our, Your, pronoun adjectives, it seems
a substantive : it is much used in composition.
SELFISH, s6lf-lsh, adj. Attentive only to one's own
interest, void of regard for others.
SELFISHNESS, se'lf-Ish-nes, s. Attention to his own
interest, without any regard to others; self-love.
SELFISHLY, self4sh. 14, adv. With regard only to
his own interest, without love of others.
SELF SAME, s&P-same, adj. Exactly the same.
To SELL, S&l, V. a. To give for a price.
To SELL, s£ll, v. n. To have commerce or trafilck
with one.
SELLANDER, sel-lAii-d&r, *. 98. A dry scab in a
horse's hough or pastern.
SELLER, s£l-lCir, s. 98. The person that sells, vender.
SELVAGE, s^I^vidje, *. 90. The edge of cloth where
it is closed by complicating the threads.
SELVES, selvz. The plural of Self.
SEMBLABLE, se'm-bla-bl, adj. 40.5. JLike, rese.m-
SEM
401
SEN
nir l'J7, n'&t 163 — ti'ibe 171, tub 172, bill 17a — oil 299— poiiul 3l'J — t/iin 466 — THis 469.
SEMBLABT.Y, s5!n-b].\-bl(*, n<li>. With resemblance.
SEMBLANCE, BeinSblanse, s. Likeness, similitude ;
appearance, show, figure.
SEMBLANT, s^m-blant, adj. Lifce, re-embling, hav-
ing the appearanee of any thing. Little used.
SKMBLATIVE, s£in-bla-tlv, adj. 512. Uesembling.
To SEMBI.E, s£m-bl, t>. n- 405. To represent, to
make a likeness.
SEMI, s£m-m£, s. 1 82. A word which, used in com-
position, signifies half.
SEMIANNULAR, sdui-m£-&n-iib-lar, adj. Half
round.
SEMIBUIEF, s3m-m& br£f, s. A note in musick re-
lating to time.
SEMICIRCLE, s£m-rnt*-s£r-kl, s. A half round, part
of a circle divided by the diameter.
SEMICIRCLED, s£m me-ser-kld,
SEMICIRCULAR, s^m-m^-ser-ku-lSr, 88. 359
adj. Half round.
SEMICOLON, s£:n-mi-ko-lin, x. Half a colon, a
point made thus[;] to note a greater pause than that of
a comma.
SEMI DI A METER, s&n-me cli -3mie-t&r, *. 98.
Half the line, which, drawn through the centre of a cir-
cle, divides it into two equal parts.
SEMIFLUID, s£in-me flu-Id, adj. Imperfectly fluid.
SEMU.UNAR, s£in-m^-lii-nar, 88 7
i vi,, if adv. Uesem-
SEMILUNARY, sem-vne-.u-nur-e, ^
bling in form a half moon.
SEMIMETAL, sim-in£'-m£t-tl, s. Half metal, im-
perfect metal.
SEMIN'ALITY, s3m-^-naW-t^, s. The nature of
seed ; the power of being produced.
7
. 3
SEMINAL,
T, adj. 88. Belonging to seed ;
contained in the seed, radical.
SEMINARY, s£m-<* na-ni, *. 512.
The ground
where any thing is sown to be afterwards transplanted ;
the place or original stock whore any thing is brought ;
seminal state ; original, first principles; breed rug place,
place of education from which scholars arc transplanted
into life.
SEMINATION, s&n-e-na-sh&n, s. The act of sowing.
SEMINIFICAL, s£m-«*.nUi4-kAl, \adj. Productive
SEMINIFICK, K$m-e-nlf-1k, 509, j- of seed.
SE.MINIFICATION, s£m e nlW-ka-sh&n, s. The
propagation from the seed or seminal parts.
SEMIOPACOUS, s^m-m^-A-pa-kus, adj. Half dark.
SEMIORDINATE, s£m-m£-oii.il^-nate, *. A line
dr.iwn at rii;ht angles to, and bisected by, rtie axis, and
reaching from one side of the section to" another.
SEMIPEUAL, s4-mlp^-dal, adj. 518. Containing
half a foot.
SEMIPELLUCID, s£m-m&-p£l-lh-sld, adj. Half
clear, imperfectly transparent.
SEMIPERSPICUOUS, s£m-m^-p£r splk^i-is, adj.
Half transparent, imperfectly cle.ir.
SEMIQUADRATE, san-m^ kw&dr&t, 91. 7
SEMIQUARTILE, s§»n-nui-kwdridJ, 14O. $ *'
Astronomy, an aspect o; the planets when distant from
each other forty-five degrees, or one sine and a half.
SEMIQUAVER, s£m-m4-kwa-v<lr, s. In Musick, a
note containing half the quantity of the quaver.
SEMIQUINTILE, s£m-m«i-kwiii£tll, *. 14O. In
Astronomy, an aspect of the planets when at the dis-
tance of thirty-six degrees from one another.
SEMISEXTILE. s£m -m^-seksitll, s. 14O. A Semi-
sixth, an aspect of tlu- nlanets when thev are distant
from each other one twelfth part of a circle, or thirty
degrees.
SEMISPHERICAL, s£m-m«;-sf£r-re-kal, adj. 88.
Belonging to half a sphere.
SEMISPHF.UOIDAI., s<?m-me-ste-r<jidial, adj. Form.
ed like a half spheroid.
SEMITICKTIAN, sem-in<*-t£r-sliun, 3. An ague com-
pounded of a tertian and a quotidian.
SEMIVOWEL, t&m'rni-v&ft-U, s. A consonant which
Jus an imperfect sound of iu own.
Belonging
SEMPITERNAL, sem-p£-t£rinal, adj. Eternal in
futurity, having beginning, but no end; in Poetry, it
is used simply tor eternal.
SEMPITERNITY, s£m-p£-t£rine-t<*, j. Future du-
ration without end.
SEMPSTRESS, s£mistr£s, *. 515. A woman whoso
business is to sew, a woman who lives by her needle.—
This word ought to be written Seamstress.
SENARY, s£n-na-r£, adj. Belonging to the num-
ber six, containing six — See Granary.
SENATE, s£n-nut, s. 91. An •wemhly of counsel-
lors, a body of men set apart to consult for the publick
good.
SENATEHOCSE, s3n-nat-h3use, s. Place of publick
council.
SENATOR, E^nina-t5r, s. 166. A publick coun-
sellor.
SENATORIAL, s^u-ua-toir^-al,
SENATORIAN, s6n-na-to-r£-an,
to senators, befitting senators.
To SEND, s£nd, v. a. To despatch from one place
to another ; to commission by authority to go and act ;
to grant as from a distant place ; to inflict as from a
distance; to emit, to immit ; to diffuse, to propagate.
To SEND, s£nd, v. n. To deliver or despatch a
message.; to send for, to require by message to come
or cause to be brought.
SENDER, s&nd-br, s. 98. He that sends.
SENESCENCE, s£-i>£s-sense, s. 510. The state of
growing old, decay by time.
SENESCHAL, s£r>-n£s-ka], *. One who had in great
houses the care of feasts, or domestick ceremonies.
Jj.'^r- Dr. Kcnrick pronounces the c/« in this word like
ilts but Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Buchanan, and Barclay,
like Ic. As the word docs not come from the learned lan-
guages, 5.32, if usage were equal, I should prefer Dr. Ken-
rick's pronunciation. The rest of our orthoepists either
have not the word, or do not mark the sound of these
letters.
SENILE, senile, adj. 140. Belonging to old age,
consequent on old age.
SENIOR, s^n^-ftr, or s«*nciy&r, s. 113. One older
than another, one who on account of longer time ha*
some superiority ; an aged person.
SENIORITY, se-n^-6r^-ti, s. Eldership, priority
of birth.
SENNA, s&lina, s. 92. A physical tree.
SENNIGHT, s£n-nit, *. 144. The space of seven
nights and da\ s, a week.
SENOCULAR, s^-n&k-ki-lAr, adj. Having six eyes.
SENSATION, s5n-sa-sh&n, *. Perception by meant
of the senses.
SENSE, s£nse, s. 427. 431. Faculty or power by
which external objects are perceived :; perception by the
senses, sensation; perception of intellect, apprehension
of mind; sensibility, quickness or keenness of percep-
tion ; understanding, soundness of faculties ; strength
of natural reason ; reason, reasonable meaning ; ojii
nion, notion, judgment; consciousness, conviction ',
moral perception; meaning, import.
SENSELESS, s£nsil£s, adj. Wanting sense, wanting
life, void of all life or perception ; unfeeling, wanting
perception; unreasonable, stupid; contiarv to true
n;mcnt ; wanting sensibility, wanting quickness or
mess of perception; wanting knowledge, uncon-
SENSELESSLY,
adv. In a «enseles«
manner, stupidly, unreasonably.
SENSELESSNESS, s£ns-Ms-iit's,
SENSIBILITY, s^n-sti-b'iW-t^, s
sation ; quickness of (icrception.
Folly, absurdity.
Quickness of sen-
SENSIBLE, s^n^-bJ, adj. 4O5. Having the power
of perceiving by the senses; perceptible by the senses;
perceived by the mind ; perceiving by either mind or
senses; having moral perception; having quick intel-
lectual feeling, being easily or strongly aflecUd; con-
vinced, persuaded | in low conversation, it has some-
times the sense of reasonable, judicious, wise.
SENSIBLENESS, s£n-s^-bl-nes, s. Possibility to be
perceived by the senses ; actual perception by mind or
body; quickness of perception, aencibility; paiu/u}
2 Z
SEP
462
SEP
13- 559. File 73, far 77, fall S3, fat 81 — mi 93, tnth 95— pine 1O5, pm 107 — no 162, move 164.
union ; the chymicnl analysis, or operation of disunit-
ing things mingled ; divorce, disjunction from a mar-
ried state.
SEPARATIST, s&p-par-a-tlst, *. One who divides
from the Church, a schismatick.
SKPAUATOTR, s£p-par-a-t&r, s. 521. One who di-
vides, a divider.
SEPARATORY, s£p-par-a-t&r-A, adj. 512. U»e<i
in separation.
SK-POSITION, s£p-p6-z!sh-&n, *. 530. The act at
setting apart, segregation.
SEPT, sept, S. A clan, a race, a generation.
SEPTANGULAR, s£p-ting-gii-lir, adj. Having
seven corners or sides.
SEPTEMBER, s£p-t£m-b?ir, s. The ninth month ol
the year,, the seventh from March.
SEPTENARY, s£p^ten-ar-£, «<//'. 512. Consisting
of seven ; happening once in seven yeais.
SEPTENARY, s£p^ten-nar-£, s. The number seven.
SEPTENNIAL, s£p-t£ir-ne-il, adj. 113. Lasting
seven years.
SEFTENTKION, s£p-t5nitr<*-un, s. The north.
SEPTENTRION, sSp-tSn-tri-cin, ) .
SEPTENTRIONAL, s£p-t£i.-tri-uMi-aI, J
Northern.
SEPTENTRIONALITY, s£
Northerlmess.
SEPTENTRieNALLY, s?p-tSnitr£-&n-al-le, ado.
Towards the north, northerly.
To SEPTENTBIONATE, s£p-t£n-tr£-i-r.ate, v. u.
91. To tend northerly.
SEPTICAL, i&p-ti-kil". adj. Having power to pro-
mote or produce putrefaction.
SEPTILATERAL, s£p-ttMa.i-t£r-il, ad). Having
seven sides.
SEPTUAGENARY, s3p-tshfi ad-j£-nu r^, adj. 463.
528. Consisting of seventy.
SKFTUAGESIMAL, s£p-tsh£i.a-j5^s£-mal, adj
Consisting of seventy.
SEPTUAGINT, s^p^tshfi-a-jint, s. 463. The old
Greek version of the Old 'icstament, so called as being
supposed the work of seventy-two interpreters.
SEPTUPLE, s£pitu- pi, adj 406. Seven tunes as much,
SEPULCHRAL, se-p&l-kraL, adj. Relating to burial,
relating to the grave, monumental.
SEPULCHRE, i$p£p51-k&r, *. 416. 177. A grave,
a tomb.
8^« I consider this word as having altered Us original
accent on the second syllable, either by the necessity oi
caprice of the poets or by its similitude to the generality
of words of this form and number of syllables, 5u5, which
generally have the accent on the first syllable. Ur. John-
son tells Us it is accented by Shakespeare and Milton on
the second syllable, but by Jonson and Prior more pro-
]>erly on die first; and he might liave added, as blhike-
speare has sometimes done :
*' Go to thy ladj's grave and call her thence :
" Ur at the least in tier's, ttfutchrc thine."— sluiktiptart.
" I am glad to see that time survive,
" Where merit U not icj.ulckred alive."— Bra Jantom.
" Thou <o sepulchred in such jx>mii dt^t lie,
" That king, £/r .such a tomb would wUh to die."— Mitt.
•• See the wide watte of all inrolving years;
" And Koine its own sad itpulJirc appear*."— AMium.
To accent this word on the second syllable, as Shnk»-
speare and Milton have done, is agre*a"ble to a very gene-
ral rule, when we introduce into our own languagea word
from the Greek or Latin, and either preserve it entire,
or with the same number, of syllables; in this case we
preserve the accent on the same syllable as in the origi-
nal word. This rule has some exceptions, as may be
seen in the Principles, No. 5o3, e, but has still a very
great extent. Now sepulchrum, from which this word
is derived, has the accent on the second syllable ; and if-
puhhre ought to have it 011 the same; while tepuiture,
on the contrary, being formed from tepitltura, by drop-
| ping a syllable, the accent removes to the first, (see Aca-
ilcmy.) As a confirmation that the current pronuncia-
tion of stpulc/ire was with the accent on the second syl-
lable, every old inhabitant of London can recollect al-
ways having heard the Church called by that name so
. pronounced ; but the antepenultimate accent sccuu uow
I, s£n£s£-blt*, adv. Perceptibly to the
senses; with perception of either mind or body; exter-
nally, by impression on the senses; with quick intel-
lectual perception ; in low language, judiciously, rea-
sonably.
SENSITIVE, s^n-s^-tlv, adj- 157. Having sense of
perception, but not reason.
SENSITIVELY, s£'n-s£-tiv-i£, ado. In a sensitive
manner.
SENSORIUM. s3n-sAinJ-&m, )
i»i i _-_ f *• The part where
SENSORY, sen-so re, 557. \
the senses transmit their perceptions to the mind, the
seat of sense: organ of sensation
SENSUAL, s^n-shii-il, adj. 452. Consisting in
sense, depending on sense, affecting the senses, pleasing
to the senses, carnal, not spiritual; devoted to sense,
lewd, luxurious.
SENSUALIST, st-n-slu'i-il-ist, s. A carnal person,
one devoted to corporeal pleasures.
SENSUALITY, s&n-slifr-aW-ti, ». Addiction to bru-
tal and corporeal pleisures.
Ta SENSUALIZE, s6nish6-4-Uze, v- a. To sink t
sensual pleasures, to degrade the mind into subjection
to the senses.
SENSUALLY, s&i^shfj-al-e, adv. hi a sensual man-
ner.
SENSUOUS, s3n-shuv&s, adj. 452. Tender, pathe
lick, full of passion.
SblNT, sSnt. The;x7r*. ;wm. of Send.
SENTENCE, s£ilit£nse, *. IX-tcrmination or deci-
sion, as of a judge, civil or criminal ; it is usually spo
ken of condemnation pronounced by the judge; a max-
im, an axiom, generally moral ; a short paragraph, a
period in writing.
To SENTENCE, s£nit£nso, v. a. To pass the I. st
judgment mi any one; to condemn.
SENTENTIOSITY, s£n t&l-slie-osi^.ttl-, s. Compre-
hension in a sentence.
SENTENTIOUS, sen-t&nishus, adj. 292. 314.
Abounding with short sentences, axioms, and maxims,
short and energetick.
SENTENTIOUSLY, s£n-t&«ish&s-le, adv. in short
sentences, with striking brevity.
SENTENTIOUSNESS, s£u-t&nis!)&s-n£s, s. Pithi-
ness of sentences, brevity wkh strength.
SENTF.RY, *£n-t£r-«i, s. One who is sent to watch
in a garrison, nr in the outlines of an army.
SENTIENT, s&i-sbe^&ut, adj. 542, Perceiving,
having perception.
SENTIENT, s£u-shd-ent, *. He that has (icrception
SENTIMENT, s^tii-t^-rrulnt, s. Thought, notion,
opinion; the sense considered distinctly from the lan-
guage or things, a striking sentence in a composition.
SENTINEL, sen-te-n£l, «. One who watches or
keeps guard to prevent surprise.
SENTRY, s6n-lrti, s. A watch, a sentinel, one who
watches in a g.urison or army ; guard, watch, the duty
of a sentry.
ShPARABILITY, sJp-par-a-blW t(5, s. The quali-
ty of admitting disunion or discerption.
SEPARABLE, s>^p-plr a-bl, <«//'. 405. Susceptive
of ilisunion, disccrptible ; possible to be disjoined froir
sometliing.
SEPARABI.ENESS, s^pipir-a-bl-n^s, *. CapaWe-
ntN* of being sejiarab^e.
Ta SEPARATE, s^jjipir-ate, t>. a. To break, to
divide into parts ; to disunite, to disjoin : ti sever from
the rest ; to set apart ; to segregate ; to withdraw.
T<J SEPARATE, s£p-pir-ate, v. n. To part, to be
disunited.
SEPARATE, s^p-pAr.at, aiij. 91. Divided from the
rest ; disunited from the body, disengaged from corpo-
real nature.
SEPARATELY, s£p'par-at-lt*, adv. Apart, singly
distinctly. *
SEPARATENCSS, s5p'pir-at-n£s, s. The state of
U-ing separate.
SEPARATION, s^p-pir-u-shin, s. The act of se-
parating, disjunction ; the suite of being separate ; dis-
SER
463
SER
n'r 167, n&t 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299 — pound 31.S— //tin 466— THIS 469.
jo fixed as to make an alteration hopeless. Mr. For-
stur, in his Kssay on Accent and Quantity, says that this
is the common pronunciation of the present day j and
Dr. Johnson, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott,
Pr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Mr. Perry, Barclay, Entiok, and
\V. Johnston, place the accent on the first syllable both
of this word and senultvrc. penning places' the accent
on the second syllable of sepulchre when a noun, and on
the first when a verb. Mr. Sheridan very properly re-
verses this order : W. Johnston places the accent on the
second syllable of srpulture ; and Bailey on the second
of both. All our orthoepists place the accent on the se-
cond syllable of sepulchral, except Dr. A>h and Barclay,
who place it upon the saine syllable a« in sepulchre ; and
the uncouth pronunciation this accentuation produces,
is :\ fresh proof of the impropriety of the common accent.
493.
To SEPULCHRE, s£-puUkur, v. a. 493. To bury,
to entomb.
SEPULTURE, s£p-pul-ture, s. J77. Interment,
burial.
SEQUACIOUS, s<*-kwa-shus, adj. 414. Following,
attendant; ductile, pliant.
SKQUACITY, st*-kwis^ te, .?. Ductility, toughness.
SEQUEL, se-kwdl, S. Conclusion, succeeding part ;
consequence, event ; consc<iuence inf rreil, consequen-
tialne-s.
SEQUENCE, se^kw^nse, j. Order of succession ;
series, arrangement, method.
SEQUENT, se-kwdut, adj. Following, succeeding ;
consequential.
To SEQUESTER, si-kvv&it6t, v. a. To separate
from others for the sake of privacy ; to put aside, to re-
move; to withdraw, 10 segregate: (o set ;.side from
the use of the owner to that of others ; to deprive of
possessions.
SEQUESTRABLE, S^-kw^S-trJ bl, adj. Subject to
privation ; capable of separation.
To SEQUESTRATE, se-kw£s£trate, v. n. 91. To
sequester, to separate from company.
SKQUESTRATIO.V, s£k-w£s-t>a£shfin, s. 530. Se-
paration, retirement; disunion, disjunction; slate of
being set aside ; deprivation of the use and profits of a
possession.
SKQUESTRATOR, s£k-wes-traiiur, s. One who
takes from a man the profits of his possessions.
SERAGLIO, s4-ral-j A, s. 388. A house of
kei't for debauchery.
SERAPH, ser-raf, *. 413. One of the orders of
angels.
SF.RAPHICAL, si-rafW-kal, £ adj. Angelick,
SF.RAPHICK, sti-rafifik, 509. S angelical.
SERAPHIM, s£r-ra-fim, 3. Plural. Angels of one
of the heavenly orders.
Sl'.HE, sere, adj. Dry, withered, no longer green.
SERENADE, s^r-^-nadc,' .«. Musick or songs with
which ladies are entertained by their lovers in the night.
To SERENADE, s6i -t^-nade,' v. a. To enteitain
with nocturnal musick.
SfcRENE, s^-r^nt-/ adj. Calm, placid; unruffled,
even of temper.
SERENELY, s^-r<*rui!<*, adv. Calmly, quietly ; with
unruffled temper, coolly.
SERENENESS, s^-nhie-nAs, *. Serenity.
SKKKNITUDE, iA-TtetoA.i6de, s. Calmness, cool-
ness of mind.
SERENITY, se-r£nin<*-t£, *. 53O. Calmness, tem-
perature: peace, quietness ; evenness of temper.
Sni'.GE, s£rdje, *. A kind of cloth.
SERGEANT, sarijai it, s. 10O. An officer whose bu-
siness is to execute the commands of magistrates; a
petty officer in the army ; a lawyer of the highest rank
under a judge; it is a title ghen to some of the king's
servants, as, Sergeant ehirurgeons.
SKKGEANTRY, sar-jant tre, s. A peculiar service
due to the King for the tenure of lands.
SEKGEANTSHIP, sarijant-shlp, s. The office of a
sergeant.
SERIES, s^-re-lz, s. Sequence, order; succession,
course.
SERIOUS, se-r^.&s, adj. 314. Grave, solemn; im-
portant.
SERIOUSLY, s^'r^-us-le1, adv. Gravely, solemnly,
in earnest.
SERIOUSNESS, s£-r£-us-n£s, s. Gravity, solem-
nity, earnest attention.
SERMON, s£r-mun, *. 100 166. A discourse of
instruction pronounced by a divine for the edification
of the people.
To SERMONIZE, s£rimun-lze, r. n. To preach or
give instruction in a formal manner.
SEKOSITY, se-ros-se-t4, s. Thin or watery part of
the him nl.
SEROUS, be-rfrs, adj. Thin, watery ; adapted to the
serum.
SERPENT, s£r-p£nt, *. An animal that moves by
undulation without legs.
SERPENTINE, se'r-p&i-tlne, adj. 149. Resembling
a serpent ; winding like a serpent.
SfiRPIGINOUS, s>£r-pid-j<*-nus, adj. Diseased with
a serpigo.
SERPIGO, s£r-pi'g6, or s£r-p«^-gd, $. 112. A
kind of tetter. — See Vertigo.
SERRATE, s6i-rate, 91. 7 .. ,
i i ' .*j f a")- Formed with jags
SERRATED, ser-ra-t6d, ^
or indentures like the edge of a saw.
SERRATUHE, &£rira-ture, s. Indenture like teeth
of a saw.
To SERRY, s£r-re, v. a. To press close, to drive
hard together.
SERVANT, s^rivant, s. 100. One who attends ano.
ther, and acts at his command ; one in a state of sub-
jection: a word of civility used to superiors or equals.
8^- This is one of the few words which ha< acquired
by time a softer signification than its original, knaves
which originally signified only a servant, but is now de-
generated into a cheat, while servant, which signified,
originally, a person preserved from death by the conque-
ror, and reserved for slavery, signifies only an obedient
attendant.
To SERVE, s£rv, v. a. 10O. To attend at command;
to bring as a menial attendant ; to be subservient or
subordinate to ; to supply with anything; to obey in
military actions; to be sufficient to ; to be of use to,
to assist; to promote; to comply with; to satisfy, to
content; to stand instead of anything to one; to re-
quite, as, he Served me ungratefully ; in divinity, to
worship the Supreme Being; to Serve a warrant, to
seize an offender and carry him to just ice.
To SERVE, selv, v. n. To be a servant, or slave ;
to be in subjection ; to attend, to wait ; to act in war;
to produce the end desired ; to be sufficient for a pur-
pose; to suit, to be convenient ; to conduce, to be of
use; to officiate or minister.
SERVICE, s^rivJs, s. 142. Menial office, low busi-
ness done at the command of a master ; attendance of
a servant ; place, office of a servant ; any thing done
by way of duty to a superior ; attendance on any su-
)>erior; profession of respect uttered or sent; obedi-
ence, submission; act on the performance of which
1 possession depends ; actual duty, office; employment,
business; military duty ; a miliury achievement; pur-
pose, use; useful office, advantage; favour; publick
office of devotion ; course, older of dishes ; a tree and
fruit.
SERVICEABLE, s£r-vls-a-bl, adj. Active, diligent,
officious; useful, beneficial
Sl'KVICEABLENESS, s£rivis-a.b]-n$s, *. Officious-
ness, activity ; usefulness, beiieficialness.
SERVILE, sOi-vll, adj. 140. Sluvith, mean; fawn-
ing, cringing.
SERVILELY, seV-vil-le, adv. Meanly, slavishly.
SERVILENESS, scr£vil-n£
SERVILITY, stV-vilit'-te,
luntary obedience ; meanness! dependence, baseness
slavery, the condition of B slave.
SERVINGMAN, striving-man, s. A menial servant.
SERVITOR, s^r-ve-tfir, s. \ 66. Servant, attend-
ant; one of the lowest order in the university.
SERViTUDE, ser've-tude, s. Slavery, state of •
slave, dependence; svrvanU collectively.
SET
464
SEW
t^- 559. Fate?:?, fir 77, fdll 83, tet 81— m<* 93, ni^t 95 — pine 1O5, pin 107 — n6 I 62, m<5ve I 64,
SESQUIALTERAL, s^s-kw^l-t^r-il,
SERUM, s^-r&m. S. The thin and watery part that
separate* from the rest in any liquor ; the part of the
blood which in coagulation separates from the grume.
adj. In
Geometry,
is a ratio, where one quantity or number contains an-
other once and half as much more; as six and nine.
SESQUIPLICATE, s£s-kwlv/pl<*-kit, adj. 91. In
Mathematicks is the proportion one quantity or num-
ber h.TS to another, in the ratio of one half.
SESQUIPEDAL, s£s-kwlpip^-dil, T
SESQUIPEDALIAN, s£s-kw^-p4-da-]e-ln, 518.)
adj. Containing a foot and a half.
SESQUITERTIAN, s£s-k\v£-t£r-sh&n, adj. Having
such a ratio as that one quantity or number contains
another once and one third part more, as between six
and eight.
SF.SS, s<§s, s. Rate, cess charged, tax.
SESSION', s£sh-5n, s. The act of sitting ; an a'
sembly of magistrate; or senators ; the space for which
an assembly sits, without intermission or recess; a meet-
ing of justices, as, the Sessions of the peace.
SESTERCE, s&s-t&sc', S. Among the Romans, a sum
of about eiqht pounds one shilling and five-pence half-
penny sterling.
To SET, s£t, v. a. pret. I Set, part. pass. I am
Set. To place, to put in any situation or place ; to put
into any condition, state, or "posture ; to make motion-
less; to fix, to state by some rule; to regulate, toad-
just, to set to musick, to adapt with notes ; to plant, not
sow; to intersperse or mark with any thing; to reduce
from a fractured or dislocated state ; 'to appoint, to fix
to stake at play ; to fix in metal ; to embarrass, to dis-
tress; to apply to something; to fix the eyes; to offer
for a price ; to place in order, to frame ; to station, to
place ; to oppose ; to bring to a fine e <ge, as, to Set a
razor ; to Set about, to apply to ; to Set against, to place
in a state of enmity or opposition ; to Set apart, to neg
lect for a season ; to Set aside, to omit for the present
to reject; to abrogate, to annul ; to Set by, to regard, ti
esteem ; to reject or omit for the present ; to Set down
to mention, to explain, to relate in writing; to Set forth
to publish, to promulgate, to make appear ; to Set for
ward, to advance, to promote ; to Set off, to recommend
to adorn, to embellish ; to Set on or upon, to animate
to instigate, to incite ; to attack, to assault ; to fix th
attention, to determine to any thing with settled ani
full resolution ; to Set out, to assign, to allot ; to pub
lish ; to mark by boundaries or distinctions of space ; t
adorn, to embellish ; to raise, to equip ; to Set up, t
erect, to establish newly ; to raise, to exalt ; to place i
view ; to place in repose, to fix, to rest ; to raise will
the voice ; to advance ; to raise to a sufficient fortune
To SET, s£t, v. n. To fall below the horizon, as th
sun at evening ; to be fixed hard ; to be extinguishe<
or darkened, as the sun at night ; to set musick t
words ; to t>ccome not fluid ; to go, or pass, or put one
elf into any state or posture ; to catch birds with a do
Jhat sets them, that is, lies down and points them out
to plant, not sow ; to apply one's self; to Set about
to fall to, to begin ; to Set in, to fix in a particular state
to Set on or upon, to begin a march, or enterprise ; tc
Set on, to make an attack ; to Set out, to have begin
ning ; to begin a journey ; to begin the world ; to Sc
to, to apply himself to ; to Set up, to begin a trad
openly.
SET, sit, part. adj. Regular, not lax ; made in con
sequence of some formal rule.
SET, s£t, s. A number of things suited to each other
any thing not sown, but put in a state of some growt
into the ground ; the fall of the sun below che horizon ;
a wager at dice.
SETACEOUS, s^-taish&s, adj. 357. Bristly, set with
strong hairs.
SETON, s^-tn, s. I 7O. A seton is made when the
skin is taken up with the needle, and the wound kept
open bv a twist of siik or hair, that humours may vent
themselves. Farriers call this operation in cattle' Kow-
clling.
SETTEE, *8t-t&/ s. A large long seat with a back
toil.
SETTER, s£titur, s. 98. One who gets ; a dog who
beats tne field, and points the bird for the sportsmen ;
• man wlio performs the office of a setting dog, or finds
•ut persons to be plundered ; a UaiUiTi follower.
KTTING-DOG, sOt-tiilg-dag, S. A dog taught to
find game, and point it out to the sportsmen.
ETTLE, s&t'tl, s. 4O5. A long wooden seat with a
back, a bench.
r'o SETTLE, setitl, v. a. To place in any certain
state after a time of fluctuation or disturbance : to fix
in any way of life; to fix in any place ; to establish ;
to confirm"; to determine, to affirm, to free from am-
biguity ; to fix, to make ct- rtain or unchangeable ; to
make close or compact; to fix tinalienably by legal
sanctions; to affVct so as that the dregs or impurities
sink to the bottom ; to compose, to put into a state of
calmness.
To SETTLE, s?t-tl, t>. n. To subside, to sink to the
bottom and repose there ; to lose motion or fermenta-
tion ; to fix one's self, to establish a residence ; to
choose a method of life, to establish a domestick state ;
to become fixed so as not to change ; to take any lasting
state ; to grow calm ; to make a jointure for a wife.
SETTLEDNESS, s£t-tld-n£s, A. The state of being
settled, confirmed state.
SETTLEMENT, set-tl-m£nt, s. The act of settling,
the state of being settled ; the act of giving possession
by legal sanction ; a jointure granted to a wife ; subsi-
dence, drees; act of quitting a roving fora dorm-stick
and methodical life; a colony, a place where a colony
is established.
Jt5" When this word means dregs, it would be better to
•rite it tettling.
SEVEN, s£v-vn, adj. 103. Four and three, one
more than six.
SEVENFOLD, s£v'vn-fold, adj. Repeated seven
times, having seven doubles.
SF.VENFOLJD, s£vivn-fild, adv. Seven times.
SEVENNIGHT, s^ninlt, s. 144. A week, (he time
from one day of the week to the next day of the same
denomination preceding or following. It happened on
Monday was Sevemiight, that is, on the Monday before
last Monday ; it will be done on Monday Sevennight,
that is, on the Monday after next Monday.
SEVENSCOKE, s£vivn-sk6re, adj. Seven times
twenty.
SEVENTEEN, s^vivn-tWn, adj. Seven and ten.
SEVENTEENTH, s£v-vn-te«*mA, adj. The seventh
after the tenth.
SEVENTH, s£v-vnlh, adj. The ordinal of seven, the
first after the sixth ; containing one part in sevtn.
SEVENTHLY, S&v-vnth \£, adv. In the seventh plate.
SEVENTIETH, s£vivn-tt*-&/<, adj. The tenth seven
times repeated.
SEVENTY, s3vivn-t£, adj. 182. Seven times ten.
To SEVER, s£viv&r, v. a. 98. To part by violence
from the rest ; to force asunder ; to disjoin, to disunite ;
to keep distinct, to keep apart.
To SEVER, s&v-viir, t'. n. 98. To make a sejwra-
tion, to make a partition.
SEVERAL, s5viur-iU, atlj. 88. Different, distinct,
unlike one another; divers, many ; particular, single ;
distinct, appropriate.
SEVERAL, sevi&r-al. s. Each particular singly taken ;
any enclosed or separate place.
SEVERALLY, sSviiir-ill-^, ado. Distinctly, particu-
larly, separately.
SEVEttALTY, s^vi&r-il-t(i, t. State of separation
from the rest.
SEVERANCE, s£viur-Snse, S. Separation, partition.
SEVERE, s^-vere,' adj. Sharp, a)* to punish, apt to
blame, rigorous ; austere, morose ; cruel, inexorable;
regulated by rigid rule, strict; grave, sober, sedate;
rigidly exact, paintul, afflictive ; concise, not luxuriant.
SEVERELY, •&v4n4^ adv. Painfully, afflictively ;
feroeious.y, horridly.
SEVERITY, s£-v£rie-t6, s.511. Cruel treatment,
sharpness of punishment ; hardness, power of distress-
ing; strictness, rigid accuracy ; rigour, austerity, harsh-
ness.
To SEW, sA, v. n. 266. To join any thing by the
use of the needle.
To SEW, so, v. a. To join by thread* drawn wiik
a needle.
SHA
463
nor 1G7, nit 1 63— tide 171, tfib 172, bull 173 — ill 299 — p<Jund 313 — t/iin 466 — Tills 469.
SEWF.R, su-ftr, s. 266. An officer who serves up
a feast.
SEWER, s6^&r, s. He or she that uses a needle.
SEWEK, shire, $. A passage for the foul or useless
water of a town to run through and pass off.
If^f* The corrupt pronunciation of this <lord is become
universal, though in Junius's time it should seem to have
been confined to London ; for under the word i/iore, he
says, " Common shore, Londinensibusitacorruptedicitur,
the common sewer." Johnson has given us no etymolo-
gy of this word ; but Skinner tells us, " Non infelieiter i
Cowettus declinat a verb. Issue, dictumque putat quasi '
Issuer abjecta tnitiali syllaba." Nothing can be more na-
tural than this derivation; the* going into sh before u,
preceded by the accent, is agreeable to analogy, 4.52 ; and
the u in this case being pronounced like eu>, might easily
draw the word into the common orthography, sewer ;
while the sound of sh was preserved, anil the eir, as in
them, ttrew, and sew, might soon slide into o, and thus
produce the present anomaly.
SEX, s6ks, s. The property by which any animal is
male or female; womankind, by way of emphasis.
SEXAGENARY, s£ks-id-j3ii-ur-e, adj. Aged sixty
years.
SEXAGESIMA, s£ks a-j(*s-se-ma, -i. The second
Sunday before Lent.
SEXAGESIMAL, s£ks-a-je^se-mal, adj. Sixtieth,
numbered by sixties.
SEXANGLED, seks ans-^ld, 359. ) .. ,
SKXANGULAR, kfts^^ttr, } ad>' Having
six coiners or angles, hexagon :l.
SEX ANGULARLY, sdks-ang-gU-lar.il*, adv. With
six angles, hexagonally.
SEXENNIAL, sflks-3n-p.i-ll, ad). 1 13. Lasting
six years, happening once in six years.
SEXTAIN, seks'tln. s. 2OS. A stanza of six lines.
SEXTANT, s£ks-tAnt, *. The sixth part of a circle.
SEXTU.E, s^ks-til, adf. 140. Is a position or as-
pect of two planets, when sixty degrees d istant, oral
the distance of two signs from one another.
SEXTON, s£ks-tmi, *. 17O. An under officer of the
church, whose business is to dig graves.
SEXTONSHIP, s^ks-tiin-shlp, s. The office of a
sexton.
SEXTUPLE, s£ks't&-pl, adj. 405. Sixfold, six times
told.
SHABBILY, shab-b<*-le, adv. Meanly, reproachful-
ly, despicably.
SHABBINESS, shab-b^-llt-s, s. Meanness, paltriness.
SHABBY, shab'b£, adj. Mean, paltry.
To SHACKLE, shakifcl, v. a. 405. To chain, to
fetter, to bind.
SHACKLES, shakUdz, s. (Wanting the otoigular.)
Fetters, gyves, ehains.
SHAD, shad, s. A kind of fish.
SHADE, shade, *. The cloud or darkness made by
interception of the light; darkness, obscurity; coolness
made by interception of the sun ; an obscure place,
properly in a grove or close wood by which the light is
excluded; screen causing an exclusion of light or heat,
umbrage; protection, shelter; the pans of a picture
not brightly coloured ; a colour, gradation of light ;
the figure formed U)ion any surface corresponding to
the body by which the light is intercepted ; the soul
separated from the body, so called as supposed by the
ancients to be perceptible to the sight, not to the touch ;
a spirit, a ghost, manes.
To SHADE, shade, ?>. a. To overspread with dark-
ness ; to cover from the light or heat ; to shelter, to
hide; to protect, to cover, to screen ; to mark with dif-
ferent gradations of colours ; to paint in obscure colours.
SHADINESS, sh;U<le-n£s, s. The state of being sha-
dy, umbrageousness.
SHADOW, shiciMA, s. 327. 515. The representa-
tion of a body by which the light is intercepted ; dark-
ness, shade; shelter made by any thing that intercepts
the light, heat, or influence of the air; obscure place ;
dark part of a picture; any thing perceptible only to
the sight; an imperfect anil faint representation, op-
posed to substance; type, mystical rep-escutation ;
protection, slicker, favour.
To SHADOW, shAd-dA, v. a. To cloud, to darken;
to make cool or gently gloomy by interception of the
light or heat ; to conceal undercover, to hide, to screen;
to screen from danger, to shroud ; to mark with vari-
ous gradations of colour or light; to paint in obscura
colours ; to represent imperfectly j to represent typi-
cally.
SHADOWY, sliad-di-e, adj. Full of shade, gloomy ;
faintly representative, typical; unsubstantial, unrc.il;
dark, opaque.
SHADY, sha-de, adj. Full of shade, mildly gloomy }
secure from the glare of light, or sultriness of heat.
SHAFT, shift, s. An arrow, a missile weapon; a
narrow, deep, perpendicular pit ; any thing straight,
the spire of a church.
SHAG, shag, *. Rough woolly hair ; a kind of cloth.
SHAGGED, shag-ge'd, 3G6. 7 v
SHAGGY, shagigS, 383. $ a'l>' Ru««"-v'
.airy; rough, rugged.
SHAGIIEEN, slii-grWn' s. The skin of a kind of
fish ; or skin made rough in imitation of it.
To SHAKE, shake, v. a. 1'rct. Shook ; part,
jiass. Shaken or Shook. To put into vibrating mo-
tion, to move whh quick returns backwards and for-
wards, to agitate; to make to totter or tremble; to
throw away, to drive oft'; to weaken, to p it in danger ;
to drive from resolution, to depress, to make afraid;
to Shake hands — this phrase, from the action used a-
mong friends at meeting and parting, signifies to Join
with, to take leave of; to Shake off, to rid himself of,
to free from, to divest of.
To SHAKE, shake, v. n. To be agitated with a
vibratory motion ; to totter; to tremble, to be unable
to keep the body still; to be in terror, to be deprived
of firmness.
SHAKE, shake, s. Concussion; vibratory motion ;
motion given and received.
SHAKER, bhi-kur, s. 98. The person or thing that
shakes.
SHALE, shale, s. A husk, the case of seeds in sili-
quous plants.
SHALL, shal, v. defective. It has no tense but
Shall future, and Should imperfect.— vee Been.
&5> Children are generally taught to pronounce this
wont so as to rhyme with all; aiul when they are fixed
in this pronunciation, an. I come to read tolerably, they
have this sound to break themselves of, and pronounce
it like the h'rst syllabic of x/ial-low,
SHALLOON, shil-Ioon," s. A slight woollen stuff
SHALLOP, shll-lup, s. A small boat.
SHALLOW, shil-lo, adj. 327. Not deep, not pro-
found ; trifling, futile, silly ; not deep of sound.
SHALLOW, shal-16, S. A shelf, a sand, a flat, a
shoal, a place where the water is not deep.
SHALLOWBIIAINED, shul-lu-brand, adj. Foolish,
futile, trilling.
SHALLOWLY, shal-lo-le, adv. With no great depth 5
simply, foolishly.
SHAI.LOV/NESS, shal-16-n£s, s. Want of depth ;
want of thought, want of understanding, futility.
SHALM, sham, s. 403. (German j A kind of mu-
sical pipe.
SHALT, sliilt. The second )>erson of Shall.
To SHAM, sham, v. n. To trick, to chej-t, to f.xj
with a fraud, to delude with fal.-e pretences ; to obtrude
by frauit or folly.
SHAM, sham, s. Fraud, trick, false pretence, im-
posture.
SllAM, sham, adj. False, counterfeit, pretended.
SHAMBLES, sham-biz, s. 359. The place where
butchers kill or sell their meat, a butchery.
SHAMBLING, sham-bl Ing, adj. 410. Moving
axvkwardly and irregularly.
SHAME, shame, s. The passion felt when reputa-
tion is supposed to be last, or on the detection of a bail
action ; the cause or reason of shame ; disgrace, iguo
miny, reproach.
Tu SHA.MK, shame, v. a. To make ashamed, to
fill with shame; to disgrace.
To SHAME, shame, v. n. To be ashamed.
SHA
466
SHE
fc3' 559. Fate 73, far 77, fail S3, fat 81 — me 93, met '»5— pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, move 1 64,
SHAMEFACED, sliamt-fastf, n(j. 359. Modest,
bashful, easily ("lit out of countenance.
SHAMEFACEDLY, shimi-iastc-le, adv. Modestly,
bashfully.
SHAMI-.KACEDNF.SS, shanuifastf-n£s, s. Moiiesty,
bashlulness, timitlity.
SHAMEFUL, shameful, adj. Disgraceful, ignomi-
nious, reproachful.
SHAMEFULLY, si ami--f&l-£, adv. Disgracefully,
i^nominiously, infamously.
SHA.MFI.KSS. shaint-les, atlj. Wanting shame, im-
pudent, immodest, audacious
SHAMKLESSLY, sham<il£s-l^, adi>- Impudently,
audaciously, without shame.
SHAMELESSNESS, s! amt'-l£s-r.£s, *. Impudence,
want of shame, immodesty.
SHAMMER, sham-m&r, j. 98. A clieat, an ira-
lK)S.or.
SHAMOIS, sliAm-m^, s. A kind of wild goat. — See
Chamois.
SitAMllOCK, sliain-ri'ik, s. 166. The Iri»h name
for three-leave<l grass.
SHANK, shangk, s. 408. The middle joint of the
leg, that part which reaches from the ancle to Ihe knee;
the bone of the leg; the long part of any instrument.
SHANKED, shangkl, adj. 359. Having a shank.
SHA.VKER, shingk-ur, s. 98. A venereal excres-
cence.
To SHAPE, shape, v. a. To form, to motile) with
respect to external dimensions; to mould, to regu-
late; to image, to conceive.
SlIAPE, shape, s. Form, external ippearance ; irake
of the trunk of the body ; idi-a, pattern.
SHAPELESS, shaprMes, adj. Wanting regularity
or form, wanting symmetry of dimensions.
SHAPELINESS, shapt.ile-i>&>, s. Beauty or propor-
tion of form.
SllAPF.LY, lhApc£l£, adj. Symmetrical, well formed.
SHARD, shard, 5. A fragment of an earthen ves-
sel ; a plant ; a sort of fish.
SHARDBORN, shard-born, adj. Born or produced
among broken stones or pots.
SHAHUED, shard-ed, adj. Inhabiting shards.
TV SHARE, share, v. a. To divide, to part among
many ; to partake with oihcrs ; to cut, to separate, to
sheaf.
To SHARE, share, v. n. To have part, to have a
dividend.
SHARE, shire, *. Part, allotment ; dividend ; a (art ;
the blade of the plough that cuts the ground.
SHARKBONE, share-bone, j. The os pubis, the
bone that divides the trunk from the limbs.
SHAKER, shairur, s. 98. One who divides or ap-
portions to others, a divider; a partaker, one who
participates any thing with others.
SHARK, s' ark, s. A voraoous sea- fish ; a greedy
artful fellow, one who rills his pockets by sly tricks;
trick, fraud, petty rapine.
To SHARK, shark, v. a. To pick up hastily or slily.
To SHARK, shark, v. n. To play the petty thief ;
to cheat, to trick.
SHARP, sharp, adj. Keen, piercing, having a keen
edge, having an acute point; acute of mind, wittv, in-
genious, inventive; quick, as of sight or hearing;
thrill, piercing the ear with a quick noise, not flat ; se-
vere, biting, sarcastuk; severely rigid; eager, hun-
gry, keen upon a quest : painful, afflictive; fierce; at-
tentive, vigilant; pinching, pieicing, as the cold; sub-
tile, witty, acute , among workmen, hard ; emaciated,
SHARP, sharp, 5. A sharp or acute sound j a jwint-
ed wea|M>n, small sword, rapier.
To SHARP, sharp, v. a. To make keen.
To SHARP, sharp, D. n. To play thievish tricks.
To SHARPEN, shar-pn, v. a. 103. To make keen,
to edge, to point ; to make quirk, ingcni, us, or acute ;
to MUM quicker of wiue; to make eager or hungry; ,
to make fierce or angry ; to make biting or sarcastick ;
to make less fiat, more piercing to the ears ; to nuke
sour.
SHARPER, sllArpifir, s. 98. A tricking fellow, a
petty thief, n rascal.
SHARPLY, sharp-le, adv. With keenness, with good
edge or point ; severely, rigorously; keenly; acutely,
vigorou ly; afflietively, painfully; with quickness;
judiciously, acutely, wittily.
SHARPNESS, sharping, s. Keenness of edge or
point; severity ol language, satirical sarcasm, sourness;
painfulness, afticuveness; intellectual acute: ess, inge-
nuity, wit; quickness of senses.
SHARP-SET, sharp set/ adj. Eager, vehemently
desirous.
SHARP-VISAGF.D, sharp-vlzildjd, adj. 90. Har-
ing a sharp countenance.
SHARP-SIGHTED, sharp-si-ted, adj. Having quick
sight.
To SHATTER, shat-t&r, v. a. 98. To break at
once into many pie.es, to break so as to scatter the
parts; to dissipate, to make incapable of close and con-
tinued attention.
To SHATTER, shAt/t&r, |.. n. To be broken, or to
fall, by any force, into fragment's.
SHATTER, sliat-t&r, s. One part of many into which
any thing is broken at once.
SHATTERBRAINED, shai^tur brand, 259. 7
SHATTERPATED, shat-t&r-pa-t^d, } "'^'
Inattentive, not consistent.
SHATTERY, shat-tftr-4, adj. 182. Disunited, not
compact, easily falling into many parts.
To SHAVE, shave, t>. a. pret. Shaved ; port. pats.
Shaved or Shaven. To pare off with a razor : to pare
close to the surface ; to skim, by passing near, or slight-
ly touching ; to cut in thin slices.
SHAVELING, shaveling, *. 410. A man shaved,
a name of contempt for a friar or religious.
SHAVER, sha-vQr, s. 98. A man that practise*
the art of shaving; a man clcstly attentive to his own
interest.
SHAVING, shading, t. 410. Any thin slice pared
off from am body.
SHAWM, sl.awm, s. A hautboy, a cornet.
SHE, shee, pron. In oblique cases Her. The female
pronoun demonstrative; the v.. nun before mentioned;
it is sometimes used for a woman absolutely ; the fe-
male, not the male.
SHEAF, shefe, s. 227. A bundle of stalks of corn
bound together; any bundle or collection held toge-
ther.
To SHEAL, shele, v. a. 227. To shell.
To SHEAR, shere, v. a. 227. pret. Shore or
Shared ; part. pass. Shorn. To clip or cut by inter-
ception between two blades moving un a rivet; to cut
by interception.
SHEARD, sherd, s. 234. A fragment.
SHEARS, sherz, s. 227. An instrument to cut, con-
sisting of two bl;ides moving on a pin.
SHEARER, sheerer, s. 98. One that clips with
shears, particularly one that fleeces sheep.
SHEARMAN, sheer-mAn, s. 88. He that shears.
SHEATH, she//*, s. 'J27. The case of any thing, the
scabbard of a weapon.
To SHEATH, sht'TH, 7 V. n. To enclose in a
To SHEATHE, 467. \ sheath or scabbard, to
enclose in any case ; to fi; wiih a sheath; to defend the
main body by an outwaid covering.
SHEATHWI-NGEU, she/A^wii gd, adj. Having hard
cases which are IbUUd over the wings.
SHEATKY, sh»'-//(i.e, adj. 1K2. Forming a sheath.
To SHED, sh£<l, i>. o. To effuse, to pour out, to
spill; to scatter, to let fall.
To SHEI), sh&l, v. n. To let f;:ll its parts.
SHED, bliOd. s. A slight temporary covering; in
(.'onvp. sition. elVnsion, as blnmislu-'l.
SHKDUER, shed'-dur, *-. 98. A suiller, one wh*
SHE
467
SHI
n5r T67, nit 163— ttibe 171, t&b 172, bull 173— 5U 299 — po&nd 313— Him 466— ,THis 469.
SHEEN, sheen, 246. ) adj. Bright, glitter-
SHEENY, sheen-e, 182. J ing, showy.
SHEEN, sheen, s. Brightness, splendour.
SHEEP, she'ep, s. 246. The animal that bears wool ;
a foolish silly fellow.
To SHEEPBITE, s'lWp-bite, v. n. To use petty
thefts, to injure slvly.
SHEEPBITER, sheep-bite &r, *. A i>etty thief, a
sly injurer.
SllEKPCOT, shee'p-kSt, s. A little enclosure for
sheep
SlH'iEFFOLD, she^p-lold, s. The place where sheep-
are enclosed.
, shWp-hS&k, s. A book fastened to
a pole, by which shepherds lay hold oii the legs of their
sheep.
SHEEPISH, shWp-ish, adj. Bashful, over modest,
timorously and meanly diffident.
SHEEPISHNESS, sheep'isli-nes, 3. Bashfulness,
mean and timorous diffidence
SHEEPMASTEK, sheep-u;as-tur, s. An owner of
sheep.
SHEEPSHF.ARING, sheep'she'er-ing, s. The time of
shearing sheep, the feast made when sheep are shorn.
SHEEP'S EYE, sliWps-i,' s. A modest diffident look,
such as lovers cast at their mistresses.
SHEEPWALK, sheep-wawk, s. I'asture for sheep.
SHEER, shore, adj 246. Pure, clear, imminglcd.
SHEER, shere, adu. 246. Clean, quick, at once.
SHEERS, sheerz, s. See Shears.
SHEET, sh^et, s. 246. A broad and large piece ol
linen; the linen of a bed ; in a ship, ropes bent to the
clews of the sails; as much paper as is made in one
body ; a single complication or fold of paper in a book ;
any thing expanded.
SHEET-ANCHOR, sheet-ilngki&r, s. In a ship, is
the largest anchor.
To SHEET, sheet, v at To furnish with sheets ; to
infold in a sheet ; to cover as with a sheet.
SHEKEL, sh&k-kl, S. 102. An ancient Jewish coin,
in value about two shillings and sixpence.
SHELF, sh£if, s. A board fixed against a supporter
so that any thing may be placed upon it; a sand bank
in the sea, a rock under shallow water.
SHELFY, slie'lf-e', adj. Full of hidden rocks or banks
full of dangerous shallows*
SHELL, sh£l, s. The hard covering of any thing,
the external crust ; the covering of a testaceous or crus-
taceous animal ; the covering of the seeds of siliquou.
plants; the covering of kernels; the covering of ai
egij; the outer part of a house; it is used for a musica
instrument in Poetry ; the superficial part.
7't> SHELL, sh£l, v. a. To take out of the shell ; to
strip oft' the shell.
7Vi SHELL, shel, v. n. To fall off as broken shells
to cast the shell.
SHELI.DUCK, shel-duk, s. A kind of wild duck.
SHELLFISH, shel-flsh, s. Fish invested with a hard
covering, cither testaceous, as oysters, or crustaceous
as lobsters.
SHELLY, shel-le, adj. Abounding with shells ; con
sisting of shells
SHELTER, shelitfir, s. 98. A cover from any ex
ternal injury or violence ; a protector, defender, on
that gives security ; the state of being covered, piotet
tion, security.
2V) SHELTER, sh£l-tur, u. a. To rover from ex
ternal violence ; to defend, to protect, to succour wit
refuge, to harbour ; to betake to cover ; to cover fron
notice.
To SHELTER, sheM-t&r, v. n. To take shelter; t
give shelter.
SHELTERLESS, shel-t&r-le's, adj. Harbourless, with
out home or refuge.
SHELVING, she'lv-Ing, adj. 410. Sloping, inclin
ing, having declivity.
SllKLVY, s,h£l-ve, iidj. Shallow, rocky, full of bank
1) SHENI>, sh£nd, v. a. Pret. and part. past.
Shent. To ruin, to disgrace; to surpass. Obsolete.
HEPHEHD, she^p-p&id, 98.515. One who tends
sheep in the past ure; a swain ; a rural lover; one who
tends the congregation, a pastor.
•HKFHEKDESS, sh£pip&r-d£s, s. A woman that
tends sheep, a rural lass.
iHEPHERDISH, she'p'p&rd-lsh, adj. Resembling a
shepherd, suiting a shepherd, pastoral, rustick.
'IIERBET, sher-btt^ s. The juice of lemons or or-
anges mixed with water and sugar.
'HERD, sherd, s. A fragment of broken earthen ware.
SHERIFF", sheV-]f, s. An officer to whom is intrusted
in each county the exron''o:i of the laws. — See Slirieve.
SHERIFFALTY, she-r-if-iU-te, 7 s. The office or ju-
f'FSHIP, sheS-lf-shlp, J risdiction of a sheriH.
H1KBIFF8HIF
SHERRIS
HERRY
. A kind of sweet Spanish
wine.
SHEW, sho, s. — See Show.
SHEWBREAD, sho-br£d, A- — See Showbread.
SHIBBOLETH, shlb-A-le/A, s. A word forming the
criterion of a party.
SHIELD, sheeld, s. 275. A buckler, a broad piece
of defensive armour held on the left arm to ward on*
blows } defence, protection ; one that gives protection
or security.
To SHIELD, sheeld, v. a. To cover with a shield ;
to defend, to protect, to secure ; to keep off, to defend
against.
To SHIFT, shift, v. n. To change place ; to change,
to give place to other things; to change clothes, par-
ticularly the linen ; to find some expedient to act or
live, though with difficulty ; to practise indirect me-
thods ; to take some method for safety.
To SHIFT, shift, v. a. To change, to alter ; to
transfer from place to place ; to change in position ; to
change, as clothes ; to dress in fresh clothes; to Shitt
off; to defer, to put away by some expedient.
SHIFT, shift, s. Exj>edient found or used with difficul-
ty, difficult means ; mean refuge, last resource ; fraud,
artifice; evasion, elusory practice; a woman's linen.
SHIFTER, ^hift-fir, s. 98. One who plays tricks ;
a man of artifice.
SHIFTLESS, shift' 1&, adj. Wanting expedients,
wanting means to act or live.
SHILLING, shll-llng, $. 410. A coin of various
alue in different times; it is now twelve-pence.
SHILL-I-SHALL i, shll-le-shal-le', adv. A corrupt
reduplication of -Shall 1 i To stand ShilM-shall-l, i«
to continue hesitating.
HILY, shi-le, adv. Not familiarly, not frankly.
SHIN, shin, s. The fure|>art of the leg.
To SHINE, shine, v. it, 1'ret. 1 Shone, I have
Shone; sometimes 1 Shined, 1 have Shined. To glitter,
to glisten ; to be splendid ; to be eminent or conspicu-
ous ; to be propitious ; to enlighten.
SHINE, shine, s. Fair weather j brightness, splen-
dour, lustre. Little used.
SlIINESS, shi-ii£s, s. Unwillingness to be tractable
or familiar.
SHINGLE, shlng-gl, s. 4O5. A thin board to cover
houses.
SHINGLES, shlngiglz, s. 405. A kind of tetter or
herpes that spreads itself round the loins.
SHINY, shl-ne, adj. Bright, luminous.
SHIP, slilp, s. A ship may be defined a large hollow
building, made to pass over the sea with sails.
To SHIP, ship, v. a. To put into a ship ; to trans-
port in a ship.
SHIPBOARD, ship-bird, s. This word is seldom usrd
but in adverbial phrases; a shipboard, on shipboard,
in a ship ; the plank of a ship.
SHIPBOY, shlp-boe, s. A boy who serve* in a ship.
SHIPMAN, shlp-mAn, s. 88. Sailor, seaman.
SHIPMASTER. shIj>inias-U2ir, s. Master of a shin.
Siliri'lNci. ship-ping, .s. 410. Vessels of naviga-
tion ; pas. age in u »hip.
SHO
468
SHO
^ 559 pi,c 73, fir 77, fall S3, Hit 81— mi 93. init 95-plne 105, pin 1O7— no 162, move 164,
SHIPWRECK, slilp-i«?k, *. The destruction of ship.
by rwks or shelves ; the parts of a shattered ship ; de-
st'rueiion, miscarriage.
}T^- The pronunciation of tlic latter part of this word,,
i« if written met-, is now become vulgar.
To SHIPWRECK, ship-r^k, v. n. To destroy by
clashing on rocks or shallows ; to make to suffer the
dangers of a wreck.
SHIPWRIGHT, ship-rite, s. A builder of ships.
SHIRE, sht*re, s. 8. lOti. A division of the king-
dom, a county.
fc> The pronunciation of this word is very irregular,
•tills the only pure Knglish word in Die langimge where
the final <• does not produce the long diphthongal sound
of t when the accent is on it : but this irregularity is so
fixed as to give the regular sound a nedantiek stiffness.
Mr Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Buchanan, however, have
adopted this sound, in which they have been followed by
Mr Smith : but Mr. Elphinston, Or. Lowth, Dr. Ken-
rk-k, Mr Perry, and Barclay, are for the irregular sound;
\V. Johnston gives both, but places the irregul ir first :
and the Grammar cilled BickerstafTs, recommended by
fclecle, adopts this sound, and gives this rule :
•• To sound like double (e) (it does Incline ; 1
'• As in Mnchint, and Skirt, and Mayaaatt
" Like (a) in Sirrah ; but writ (oi) in join. J
It may likewise be observed, that this word, when unac-
cented at the end of words, as \otti>i£r/iamshire, ffilt-
tfiirf, ic. is always pronounced with the i like ee.
SHIRT, slifrrt, s. 108. The under linen garment of
a man.
To SHIRT, sh&rt, v. a. To cover, to clothe as in a
shirt
SHIRTLESS, sh?irt-l£s, adj. Wanting a shirt.
SHITTAH, shl&IV, ? . TT ,
SHITTIM, shuitim. ( *' &*«*) A SOTt
precious wood growing in Arabia.
SHITTLECOCK, shlt-tl-kok. s. A cork stuck with
feathers, and driven by players from one to another
with battledoors.
Jt^* The most natural derivation of this word seems
to arise from the motion of a shuttle, and therefore ii
ought to be written and pronounced slntltleciick:
SHIVE, slllve, s. A slice of bread, a thick splinter
or lamina cut ofFfrom the main substanoe.
To SHIVER, shlvi&r, v n. 98. To quake, to trem-
ble, to shudder as with cold or fear.
To SHIVER, shlvi&r, v. n. To fall at once hit
many parts or shives.
To SHIVER, slilvi&r, v. a. To break by one ac
into many parts, to shatter.
SHIVER, shivi&r, *. 515. One fragment of maiij
into which any thing is broken.
SHIVERY, shlvi&r-«i, adj. Loose of coherence, easily
falling into many fragments.
SHOAL, shole, s. 295. A crowd, a multitude, a
throng; a shallow, a sand bank.
To SHOAL, shAle, v. n. To crowd, to throng, t
be shallow, to grow shallow.
SHOAJ., shcile, adj. Shallow, obstructed or cncu
bered with banks.
SliOALINESS, shoi|<*-nf?s, s. Shallowness, frcquen
cy of shallow places.
SHO A I, Y, shoihi, adj. Fu'l of shoals, full of shal
low places.
SHOCK, sh5k, ». Conflict, mutual impression of v!o
lence, violent concourse; concussion, external violence
the conflict of enemies : offence, impression of disgust
a pile of sheaves of corn ; a rough dog.
To SHOCK, sliolc, t;. a. To shake by violence ; t
citU-nd, to disgust.
To SHOCK, shok, v. n. To be offensive.
To SHOCK, shok, «. n. To build up piles of shea _
Slio'l), shod, for Shotd. The pret. and jxirt. pns
SHOE, shoo, *. 296. The cover of the foot.
To SHOE, slioo, v. n. Prct. I Shod ; part. past
Shod. To fit the foot with a shoe ; to cover at th
IxHtom.
SHOtKOY, sho&bot.', s. A boy wlio cleans shoes.
•HOEING-HORN, sho5-lng-horn, x. A horn u-e-J
to facilitate the admission of the loot into a narrow shoe.
HOEMAKER, sll66-rotl-kfcr, S. One whose trade .«
to make shoes.
IIOETYE, sl>do-tl, s. The ribbmd with which wo-
men tie shoes.
HOG, shog, S. Violent Concussion.
ro SHOG, sh5g, v. ct. To sliake, to agitate by sud-
den interrupted impulses.
iHONE, shou. The pret. of Shine.
fr^- This word is frequently pronounced so as to rhyme
with tone; but the short sound of it is by far the most
sual among those who may b- styled polite speakers.
This sound is adopted by Mr. klphiuston. Mr. >luri-
an, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Smith; nor do I
nd the other sound in any of our Dictionaries that have
tie word.
SHOOK, shook, 306. The pret. and in Poetry, part,
pass, of Shake.
To SHOOT, shoot, v. a. Pret. I Shot ; part. Shot
or Shorten, 'lo discharge any thing so as to make it
fly with speed or violence ; to discharge from a bow or
gun; to let oil; to emit. new parts, as a vegetable; to
emit, to dart or thrust forth ; to fit to each other by
planning, a workman's term ; to pass through with
swiftness.
To SlIOOT, shoot, ». n. To perform the act of
shooting ; to germinate, to increase in vegetable growth ;
to form itself into any shape ; to be emitted ; to protu-
berate, to jut out ; to" pass as an arrow ; to become any
thing suddenly ; to move swiftly along ; to feel a quick
pain.
SHOOT, shSot, s- The act of striking, or endeavour-
ing to strike with a missile weapon discharged by any
instrument, obsolete ; a branch issuing from the mair>
stock.
SHOOTER, shoot'&r, t. 98. One who shoots, an
archer, a gunner.
SHOP, shop, s. A iiiaee \»here any thing is sold ; g
room in which manufactures are carried on.
SHOPBOARD, shop^bord, *. Bench on which an
work is done.
SHOPBOOK, shop^book, $. Book in which a trades-
man keeps his account*.
SHOPKEEPER, shopikWp-ur, ,«. A trader who sell*
in a shop, not a merchant, who only deals by wholesale.
SHOPMAN, shop-mill, s. 88. A petty trader; one
who serves in a shop.
SHORE, shore. The pret. of Shear.
SHORE, shore, s. The coast of the sea; the bank of
a river ; a drain, properly Sewer ; the support of a
building, a buttress.
To SHORE, s' Arc, v. a. To prop, to scpport ; to
set on shore, not in use.
SHORELESS, shAre-les, adj. Having no coast.
SHORN, shArn. The part. pass, of Shear.
Jf^- This word was inadvertently marked with the
third sound of o in the first edition of this Dictionary ; but
from considering its analogy with swear, wear, and tear,
I do not hesitate to alter it to the first sound of that vow*
el : Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Smith, and W. Johnston, are for
the first pronunciation ; but Mr. Perrv, Mr. Nares, and
Mr. Elphinston, are for the last : and these authorities,
with analogy on their side, arc decisive.
SHORT, short, adj. 167. Not long, commonly not
long enough ; repea'ed by quick iterations ; not reach-
ing the purposed point, not adequate ; not far distant
in time; defective; scanty ; not going so far as was in-
tended ; narrow, contracted ; brittle.
SHORT, short, s. A summary account.
SHORT, short, adv. Not long.
To SHORTEN, shor^tn, v. a. 103. To make short;
to contract, to abbreviate; to confine, to hinder from
progression ; to cut off; to lop.
SHORTHAND, shortJMnd, s. A method of writ-
ing in compendious characters.
SHOIITUVKD, short-livd/ adj. 59. Not living or
lasting long.
SHORTLY, shortMe, adv. Quickly, soon, in a )ittl«
time ; in a few words, briefly.
SHORTNESS, short-n£s, t. The quality of bein*
SHO
469
SHR
nor 167, nit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bill 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — t/tin 466 — THIS 469.
short ; fewness of words, brevitv, conciseness ; want of
retention ; deficience, imperfection.
SHORTRTBS, shSrt-rlbz,' s. The bastard ribs.
SHORTSIGHTED, short-sl-t£d, adj. Unable to see
far.
SHORTSIGHTEDNESS, short-sKt^d-n^s, s. Defect
of sight
SHORTWAISTED, shSrt-wast^d, adj. Having a
short body.
SHORTWINDED, short- winded, adj. Short-breath-
ed, asthmatick, breathing by quick and faint recipro-
cations.
SHORTWINGED, short-wlngd,' adj. Having short
wings. So hawks are divided into long and short-
winged.
SHORY, sho^r^, adj. Lying near the coast
SHOT, shit. The jrret. and part. pass, of Shoot
SHOT, shit, s. The act of shooting; the flight of a
shot ; the charge of a gun ; bullets or small pellets for
the charge of a gun ; any thing discharged from a gun,
or other instrument; a sum charged, a reckoning.
SHOTFREE, shit-frW, adj. Clear of the reckoning.
SHOTTEN, shit-tn, adj. 103. Having ejected the
spawn.
To SHOVE, shuv, v. a. 1 65. To push by main
strength ; to drive a boat by a pole that reaches to the
bottom of the water ; to push, to rush against
To SHOVE, shOv, v. n. To push forward before
one ; to move in a boat, not by oars but a pole.
SHOVE, shuv, s. The act of shoving, a push.
SHOVEL, sh&vivl, s. 102. An instrument consist-
ing of a long handle and broad blade with raised edges.
To SHOVEL, shuv-vl, v. a. To throw or heap with
a shovel ; to gather in great quantities.
SHOVELBOARD, slmv-vl-bord, s. A long board
on which they play by sliding metal pieces at a mark.
SHOUGH, shik, s. 321. 392. A species of shaggy
dog, a shock.
SHOULD, shud, 320. This is a kind of auxiliary
verb used in the conjunctive mood, of which the sig-
nification is not easily fixed.— See Been.
SHOULDER, shol-d&r, s. 318. The joint which
connects the arm to the body ; the upper joint of the
foreleg of a beast ; the upper part of the back ; the
shoulders are used as emblems of strength j a rising
part, a prominence. — See Mould.
To SHOULDER, shoUdur, v. a. To push with in-
solence and violence ; to put upon the shoulder.
SHOULDERBELT, sh6Udur-b51t, s. A belt that
comes across the shoulder.
SHOULDERCLAPPER, shol-dur-kl&p-pur, $. One
who affects familiarity.
SHOrLDERSHOTTEN, shol-dur-shit-tn, adj.
Strained in the shoulder.
SHOULDERSLIP, shol-dur-sllp, s. Dislocation of
the shoulder.
To SHOUT, sh5ut, v.-n. 313. To cry in triumph
or exultation.
SHOUT, shout, s. A loud and vehement cry of tri-
umph or exultation,
SHOUTER, shSut-ur, s. 98. He who shouts.
To SHOW, sho, »>. a. 324. jrret. Showed and Shown;
part. pass. Shown. To exhibit to view ; to give proof
of, to prove ; to make known ; to point the way, to
direct; to offer, to afford ; to explain, to expound ; to
teach, to tell.
To SHOW, sh6, v. n. To appear, to look, to be
in appearance.
SHOW, sho, s. A spectacle, something publickly ex-
posed to view for money ; superficial appearance ; os-
tentatious display: object attracting notice; splendid
appearance ; semblance ; speciousness ; external ap-
pearance ; exhibition to view ; pomp, magnificent spec-
tacle; phantoms, not realities ; representative action.
SHOWBREAD, or SHKWSREAD, sh6ibr£d, s. A-
mong the Jews, they thus called loaves of bread that the
Sriest of the week put. every Sabbath-day upon the gol-
cn table which was in the Sanctum before ths Lord
SHOWER, shou-ur, s. 323. Hain cither moderate
or violent ; storm of any thing falling thick ; any very
liberal distribution.
To SHOWER, shou-ur, v. a. To wet or drown with
tain ; to pour down ; to distribute or scatter with great
liberality.
To SHOWER, shoui&r, v. n. To be rainy.
SHOWERY, sh5u-ur-e, adj. Rainy.
SHOWISH, or SHOWY, shfiiish, or shcW, adj.
Splendid, gaudy ; ostentatious.
SHOWN, shone, part. pass, of To Show. Exhi-
bited.
SHRANK, shringk. The ]»vt. of Shrink.
To SHRED, shred, v. a. Fret. Shred. To cut into
small pieces.
SHRED, shr£d, s. A small piece cut off; a frag-
ment.
SHREW, shrSd, s. 265. 339. A peevish, malig-
nant, clamorous, turbulent woman.
SHREWD, shrood, adj. Having the qualities of a
shrew, malicious, troublesome ; maliciously sly, cun-
ning ; ill-betokening ; mischievous.
SHREWDLY, shr6od-lt^, adv. Mischievously ; vex-
atiously, cunningly ; slyly.
SHREWDNESS, shr6od-n£s, s. Sly cunning, arch-
ness; mischievousness, petulance.
SHREWISH, shroo-lsh, adj. Having the qualities of
a shrew ; froward, petulantly clamorous.
SHREWISHLY, shrwWsh-le, adv. Petulantly, pee-
vishly, clamorously.
SHREWISHNESS, shr65ilsh-n3s, s. The qualities ot
a shrew, frowardness, petulance, clamorousness.
SHREWMOUSE, shr6o-mouse, s. A mouse of which
the bite was generally supposed venomous.
To SHRIEK, shre^k, v. n. 275- To cry out inar-
ticulately with anguish or horror, to scream.
SHRIEK, shrd£k, s. An inarticulate cry of anguish
or horror.
SHRIEVE, shr£dv, s. 275. A sheriff.
Jf5> This was the ancient mode of writing and pro-
nouncing this word. Stow, indeed, writes it shrive; but
it is highly probable that the i had exactly the sound of
ie in grieve, thieve, &c. and the common people of Lon-
don to this day have preserved this old pronunciation,
though it is wearing away fast among them. To be con-
vinced that this is the true etymological manner of writ-
ing and pronouncing it, we need but attend to the Saxon
word from which it is derived : reve, or reeve, signifies .a
steward ; and shrieve is but a contraction of shire reeiv,
or shire steward. But however just this orthography and
pronunciation may be in other respects, it wants the true
stamp of polite usage to make it current ; it is now grown
old and vulgar, and Pope's use of this word,
" Now Mayors and SArietwj all hush'd and satiate lay,"—
must only be looked upon as assisting the humour of the
scene he describes.
SHRIEVALTY, sh,r£££v£l-t£, s. The office of a sheriff.
J£J» By a caprice common in language, this compound
is not nearly so antiquated as its simple ; though it should
seem, that if the old root be taken away, and another
planted in its stead, the branches ought to spring from
the latter, and not the former. But though we seldom
hear shrieve for sheriff", except amon» the lower classes of
people in London, we not uufrequently hear, even among
the better sort, shrievalty for sheriffalty; and Junius, in
one of his letters to the duke of Grafton, says, " Your
next appearance in office is marked with his election to
the shrievalty." Public Advertiser, July 9, 1771. This
is certainly an inaccuracy ; and such an inaccuracy, in
such a writer as Junius, is not a little surprising.
SHRIFT, shrift, s. Confession made to a priest.
SHRILL, shrll, adj. Sounding with a piercing, tremu-
lous, or vibratory sound.
To SHRILL, shrll, »;. n. To pierce the ear with
quick vibrations of sound.
SHRILLNESS, shrll'nSs, s. The quality of being
shrill.
SHRILLY, shrll-l£, adv. With a shrill noise-
SHRIMP, shrimp, s. A small crustareous vc-ria;cil-
lated fish j a little wrinkled man, a dwarf.
3 A
SHU 470 SIG
559. File 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi* 93, m£t 35— pine 105, pin JOT — no 162, move 164,
SHRINE, shrine, *. A ca»e in which something sa-
cred is reposited.
To SHRINK, shrlngk, v. n. prel. I Shrunk or
.Shrank ; part. Shrunken. To contract itself into less
room, to shrivel ; to withdraw as fro'n danger ; to ex-
press fear, horror, or pain, by shrugging or contracting
the body ; to fall back as from danger.
To SHRINK, shrlngk, v. a. part. pass. Shrunk,
Shrank, or Shrunken. To make to Shrink.
SHRINK, shrlngk, *. Contraction into less compass ;
contraction of the body from fear or horror.
SHRINKER, shringk-fir, s. 98. He who shrinks.
To SHRIVE, shrive, »». «. To hear at confession.
To SHRIVEL, shrlv-vl, v. n. 102. To contract itself
into wrinkles.
To SHRIVEL, shrlv-vl, v. a. To contract into
wrinkles.
SHRIVER, shrUvftr, ». 98. A confessor.
SHROUD, shrold, *. SIS. A shelter, a cover j the
dress of the dead, a winding-sheet ; the sail ropes.
To SHROUD, shroud, v. n. To shelter, to cover
from danger ; to dress for the grave ; to cover or con-
ceal ; to defend, to protect.
To SHROUD, shroud, t>. n. To harbour, to take
shelter.
SHROVETIDE, shrive-tide,
SHROVETUESDAY, shrove-tuzeidt*, 223.
confession, the day before Ash-wednesday or Lent.
SHRUB, shr&b, s. A small tree; spirit, acid, and
7,
3. S <ir,
sugar mixed.
SHRUBBY, shrfib-b£, adj.
full of shrubs, bushy.
Resembling a shrub ;
To SHRUG, shr&g, v. n. To express horror or dis-
satisfaction by motion of the shoulders or whole body.
To SHRUG, shr&g, v. a. To contract or draw up.
SHRUG, shrfig, *. A motion of the shoulders usual-
ly expressing dislike or aversion.
SHRUNK, shr&ngk. The met. and nart i>ass. of
Shrink.
SHRUNKEN, shr&ngkikn, 103. The part. pass.
of Shrink.
T<> SHUDDER, sbfid-d&r, ». n. 98. To quake with
fear, or with aversion.
To SHUFFLK, shufifl, ». a. 405. To throw into
disorder, to agitate tumultuously, so as that one thing
takes the place of another; to remove, or put bv with
some artifice or fraud ; to change the )>osition of cards
with respect to each other ; to form fraudulently.
To SHUFFLE, sh&fifll, „. n. To throw the cards
into a new order ; to play mean tricks, to practise fraud,
to evade fair questions ; tostrug
with an irregular gait.
e, to shift; to move
SHUFFLE, shfififl, s. 4O5. The act of disordering
things, or making them take confusedly the place oi
each other ; a trick, an artifice.
SHUFFLECAP, sh&fifl-kap, s.
money is shaken in a hat.
A play at which
SHUFFLER, s!i&fifl-5r, s. 93. He who plays tricks,
or shuffles.
SHUFFLINGLY, sh&ftH-lng.te, adv. 410. With an
irregular gait
To SHUN, shfin, ». a. To avoid, to decline, to en,
rteavour to escape.
SHUNLESS, sh&nMSs, adj. Inevitable, unavoidable.
To SHUT, shut, v. a. pret. I Shut ; jtart. pass.
Shut, To close so as to prohibit ingress or egress ; to
enclose, to confine; to prohibit, to bar; toexclude; to
contract, not to keep expanded ; to Shutout, to exclude
to deny admission; to Shut up, to close, to confine i
to conclude.
To SHUT, shit, t>. n. To be closed, to close itself.
SHUT, sh&t,;wrt. adj. Rid, clear, free.
SHUT, shut, f. Close, act of shutting ; small door ox
cover.
SHUTTER, sh&tit&r, *. 98. One that shuts-
cover, a door.
SHUTTLE, sli&titl, *. 105. The instrument with
which the weaver shoots ti\t croa threads.
SHTTTI.F.COCK, sh&tUl-k&k, *. A cork stuck with
feathers, and beaten back ward and forward.— See &/iit-
tlecock.
SHY, shi. adj. Reserved ; cautious ; keeping at a
distance, unwilling to approach.
SIBILANT, ikAMant, adj. Hissing.
SlBlLATlON, slb-e-la-sli&n, j. A hissing sound.
SlBYL, slb-11, s. A prophetess among the pagans.
SlOAMORE, slk-J-mire, s. A tree.
SlCCITY, slk^-t^, *. Dryness, aridity, want of
moisture.
SlCE, size, *. The number six at dice.
SlCK, slk, adj. Afflicted with disease; ill in th«
stomach ; corrupted ; disgusted.
To SICKEN, sikikn, v. a. 103. To make sick; to
weaken, to impair.
To SICKEN, slk-kn, 11. n. To grow sick : to be
satiated ; to be disgusted or disordered with abhorrence ;
to grow weak, to decay, to languish.
SICKLE, slk-kl, s. 405. The hook with which corn
is cut, a reaping-hook.
A reaper.
SICKLEMAN, slk-kl-m4n,;
SlCKLER, sikMd-fir, 98. (
SlCKLINESS, slk-l£-n£s, *. Disposition to sickness,
habitual disease.
SlCKLY, slkUt*, adj. Not healthy, somewhat dis-
ordered; faint, weak, languid.
To SlCKLY, Sik-le, V. a. To make disease, to taint
with the hue of disease. Not in use.
SICKNESS, slk-n£s, S. State of being diseased; di«-
ease, malady ; disorder in the organs of digestion.
SlDE, side, S. Thepart of animals fortified by the
ribs; any part of any body opposed to any other part;
the right or left: margin, verqe : any kind of local re-
spect ; party, faction, sect ; any part placed in contra-
diction or opposition to another.
SlDE, side, adj. Lateral, oblique, being on either side.
To SiDE, side, v. n. To take a party, to engage in
a faction.
SIDEBOARD, sldeibird, s. The side-table on which
conveniences are placed for those that eat at the other
table.
SlDEBOX, side-b&ks, s. Seat for the ladies on the
side of the theatre.
SlDEFLY, side-Hi, s. An insect.
To SlDLE, si-dl, t'. n. 405. To go with the body
the narrowest way.
SIDELONG, sldeM&ng, adj. Lateral, oblique, no!
in front, not direct.
SIDELONG, side-l&ng, adv. Laterally, obliquely,
not in pursuit, not in opposition ; on the side.
SlDEH, si'dur, s. 98 See Cider.
SlDERAL, sldi<Ur-41, adj. Starry, astral.
SlDERATlON, Sid d^r-a-sh&n, s. A sudden morti-
fication, a blast, or a sudden deprivation of sense.
SIDESADDLE, slde-sad-dl, *. A woman's seat on
horseback.
SlDESMAN, sidz-m&n, s. 88. An assistant to the
churchwardens
adi>. Laterally, on one
side.
SIDEWAYS, sldeiwaze,
SIDEWISE, side-wize,
SlEGE, sedje, s. The act of besetting a fortified
place, a league; any continued endeavour to gain pos-
session j^ place, class', rank ; obsolete.
SIEVE, Slv, s. 277. Hair or lawn strained upon a
hoop, by which flour is separated from bran ; a boulter,
a scarce.
To SlFT, sift, v. a. To separate by a sieve ; to *«.
parate, to part ; to examine, to try.
SIFTER, rfittftr, s. 98. He who sifts.
To SlGH, si, f. n. To emit the breath audibly, ai
in grief.
SlGH, si, s. A violent and audible emission of breath
which has been Icng retained.
£5^ A very extraordinary pronunciation of this word
prevail* in London, and, what is more extraordinary, on
SIG
471
SIL
n&r IC>7, n&l 163 — tube 171, lib 172, b&ll 173 — oil 299— piund 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
the Stage, so different from every other word of the same
form, as to make it a perfect oddity in the language.
This pronunciation approaches to the word lithe ; and
the only difference is, that sithe has the flat aspiration as
in this ; and sigh the sharp one as in thin. It is not easy
to conjecture what could be the reason of this departure
from analogy, unless it were to give the word a sound
which seems an echo to the sense; and if this intention
had gone no farther than the lengthening or shortening
of a vowel, it might have been admitted, AS in fearful,
cheerful, pierce, jierce, great, letiure, and some others ;
but pronouncing £ft like th in this word is too palpable a
contempt of orthography to pass current without the
stamp of the best, the most universal and permanent us-
age on its side. The Saxon combination gh, according
to the general rule, both in the middle and at the end of
a word, is silent. It had, anciently, a guttural pronuncia-
tion, which is still retained in a great part of Scotland,
and in some of the northern parts of England ; but every
guttural sound has been long since banished from the
language ; not, however, without some efforts to conti-
nue, by changing these letters, sometimes into the relat-
ed guttural consonant i-, as in lough, hough, &c. and
sometimes into a consonant entirely unrelated to them,
as in laugh, cough, &c. These are the only transmuta-
tions of these letters ; and these established trregularities
are quite sufficient without admitting such as are only
candidates for confusion. If it be pleaded that sithe bet-
ter expresses the emission of breath in the act of sighing,
it may be answered, that nothing can be more erroneous,
as the tongue and teeth have nothing to do in this action.
Mr. Sherician has, indeed, to assist this expression, spelt
the word sth, as an aspiration must necessarily accompa-
ny the act of sighing ; but (to take no notice that, in this
case, the h ought to be before the i, 397.) though such
expression may be very proper in oratory, when accom-
panied by passion, it would be as affected to give it this
aspiration in ordinary speech, as to pronounce the word
fearful with a tremor of the voice and a faltering of the
tongue, or to utter the word laugh with a convulsive mo-
tion of the breast and lungs. To these reasons may be
added the laws of rhyme; which necessarily exclude this
affected pronunciation, and oblige us to give the word its
true analogical sound :
Lore is a smoke, rais'd
Being purg"d, a (ire, sp
ith the fu
rkling in lo
of tight ;
ri' eyes."— Shakei.
SIGHT, site, s. 393. Perception by the eye, the sense
of seeing; open view, a situation in which nothing
obstructs the eye; act of seeing or beholding; notice,
knowledge ; eye, instrument of seeing ; aperture pe:
vious to the eye, or other points fixed to guide the e^< .
as, the Sights* of a quadrant; spectacle, show, thing
wonderful to be seen.
SIGHTLESS, siteil£s, adj. Wanting sight, blind ;
not sightly.
SlGHTLY, slte^l^, adj. Pleasing to the eye, striking
to the view.
SlGIL, sld-jll, 5. 544. A seal.
SlGN, sine, s. 385. A token of any thing, that b>
~>
f
, \
of
which any thing is shown ; a wonder, a miracle ; a pic
ture hung at a door, to give notice what is sold with
in ; a constellation in the Zodiaek ; typical representa
tion, symbol ; a subscription of one's name, as, a Sign
manual.
To SlGN, sine, v. a. To mark, to ratify by hand
or seal ; to betoken, to signify, to represent typically.
SIGNAL, sig-nal, s. 88. Notice given by a sign, a
sign that gives notice.
SIGNAL, sig-nal, adj. Eminent, memorable, re-
markable.
SlGNALlTY, slg-nal"« t£, s. Quality of something
remarkable or memorable.
To SIGNALIZE, slginal-ize, t;. a. To make emi-
nent, to make remarkable.
SIGNALLY, slg-nal-4, adv. Eminently, remarka-
bly, memorably.
SlGNATION, sig-na-sh&n, s. Sign giving, act of
betokening.
SIGNATURE, slgina-tfire, s. 463. A sign or mark
impressed upon any thing, a stamp ; a mark upon any
matter, particularly upon plants, by which their nature
or medicinal use is pointed out; proof, evidence; a-
mong printers, some letter or figure to distinguish dif-
ferent sheets.
SlGNET, slg-n^t, s. 99. A seal commonly used for
the seal-manual of a king.
SIGNIFICANCE, slg-nlfife-kanse,
SIGNIFICANCY, slg-nlfi.fi*- kan-se
signifying, meaning; energy, power of impressing th«
mind ; importance, moment.
SIGNIFICANT, slg-nlf-fi-kant, adj. Expressive of
something beyond the external mark ; betokening,
standing as a sign of something; expressive or repre-
sentative in an eminent degree ; important, momen-
tous.
SIGNIFICANTLY, slg-nlf^-kant-le, adi>. With
force of expression.
SIGNIFICATION, slg-n4-f^-ka-sh&n, s. The act of
making known by signs ; meaning expressed by a sign
or word.
SlGNIF:CATIVE, slg.nlf-f£-ka-tlv, ad). Betoken-
ing by any external sign ; forcible, strongly expressive.
SlGNIFICATORY, slg-nifi-IV'vka-tur-e, s. 512.
That which signifies or betokens.
To SIGNIFY, slg-n£-fl, v. a. To declare by some
token or sign ; to mean ; to express ; to import, to
weigh ; to make known.
To SIGNIFY, slg-ni-fl, v. n. 385. To express
meaning with force.
SlGNIORY, sdne-yA-r£, s. 113. Lordship, domi-
nion.
SIGNPOST, sine-pAst, s. That upon which a sign
hangs.
SlKER, slkiur, adj. and adv. The old word for
sure or sureli/.
SILENCE, si'l^nse, s. The state of holding peace ;
habitual taciturnity, not loquacity ; secrecy, stillness.
SlLENCE, si-l^nse, inlerj. An authoritative re-
straint of speech.
To SILENCE, si-l^nse, v. a. To still, to oblige to
hold peace.
SlLENT, si-l£nt, adj. Not speaking ; not talkative ;
still ; not mentioning.
SILENTLY, si-l^nt-le1, adv. Without speech ; with-
out noise ; without mention.
SlLICIOUS, s£-Hsl)-&s, adj. 135. 357. Made of hair.
SlLICULOSE, si-lik-6-lAse,' adj. 427. Husky, full
of husks.— See Appendix.
SlLIGINOSE, si-lld-jt^-nAse,' adj. 427. Made of
fine wheat. — See Appendix.
SlLIQUA, sll-l^-kwa, s. 92. A carat, of which six
make a scruple ; the seed-vessel, husk, pod, or shell of
such plants as are of the pulse kind.
laving a pod or
=> j
capsule. — See Appendix
SlLK, silk, S. The thread of the worm that turrri
afterwards to a butterfly ; the stuff made of the worm's
thread.
SlLKEN, silk-kn, adj. 103. Made of silk : soft, ten-
der ; dressed in silk.
SlLKMERCEK, sllki-me'r-suT, i. A dealer in silk.
SlLKWEAVER, sllkiw<i-v&r, S. One whose trade is
to weave silken stuffs.
SILKWORM, silkiwQrm, j. The worm that spins silk.
SlI.KY, silk^, adj. Made of silk ; soft, pliant.
SlLL, sill, s. The timber or stone at the foot of the
door.
SlLLABUB, sll-11 blib, s. A mixture of milk warm
from the cow with wine, sugar, ifec.
SlLLIl.Y, Sll-l£-l<i, adi<. In a silly manner, simply,
foolishly.
SILLINESS, sll-l£-n£s, s. Simplicity, weakness,
harmless folly.
SlLLY, sil-1^, adj. Harmless, innocent, artless ;
foolish, witless.
SlLLYHOW, sll-le-hou, j. The membrane that co-
vers the head of the fcelus.
SILVAN, sll-van, adj. 88. Woody, full of woods.
SILVER, sll-vur, s. 98. Silver is a white and hard
metal, next in weight to gold ; any thing of soft sj>leu-
dour ; money made of silver.
SlLIQUOSE, sll-lii-kwAse,') .. ,
3iMi i i i aaj. H
SILIQUOUS, sll-le-kwus, ^
SIN
472
SIN
.5.59. File 73, fir 77, fill 83, fat 81 — m<* 93, met 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — no 1 62, mSve 1 64,
SILVER, sll-vur, arlj. Made of silver ; white like
silver; having a pale lustre; soft of voice.
To SILVER, sllivfir, v. a. To cover superficially
with silver ; to adorn with mild lustre.
SlI.VERBEATER, sll-x ir-be-tOr, 5. One that foliates
silver.
SlLVERI.Y, slUv&r-le, adv. With the appearance
of silver.
SILVERSMITH, slliv&r-smlf/i, s. One that works
in silver.
SlLVERTHKTLE, Sil-V&rW/ils-sl, 7 plants.
SlLVERWEED. slliv&r-w£ed, }
SILVERY, sll-v&r-e, adj. Besprinkled with silver,
shining like silver.
Sl.MAR, se-mar/ s. A woman's robe.
SIMILAR, slm'e-l&r, 88. i adj. Homogeneous,
SIMILARLY, slmie-lur-te, ( having one part
like another; resembling, having resemblance.
SIMILARITY, slm-e-lar^e-te, s. Likeness.
SIMILE, slm^e-le, s. 96. A comparison by which
any thing is illustrated.
SIMILITUDE, se-mil^e-tude, s. Likeness, resem-
blance; comparison, simile.
SIMITAR, slm^-t&r, s. 88. A crooked or falcated
sword with a convex edge. More properly spelt Cim-
ctar.
To SIMMER, slmimur, v. n. 98. To boil gently,
to boil with a gentle hissing.
SlMONY, slm-fin-^, s. The crime of buying or sel-
ling church preferment
To SIMPER, slmip&r, v. n, 98. To smile, gene-
rally to smile foolishly.
SlMPER, slmip&r, s. 98. A smile, generally a fool-
kh smile.
SIMPLE, slm-pl, ad;. 405. Plain, artless; harm-
less, uncompouuded, unrningled ; silly, not wise, not
cunning.
SIMPLE, slmipl, s. A simple ingredient in a medi-
cine, a drug, an herb.
Tn SIMPLE, slmipl, v. n. To gather simples.
SlMPLENESS, sim-pl-nCs, s. The quality of being
simple.
SIMPLER, slmipl-ur, 5. 98. A simplist, an herbalist.
SIMPLETON, slm-pl -tun, s. A silly mortal, a tri-
fler, a foolish fellow.
SIMPLICITY, slm-plisie-te, s. Plainness, artless-
ness; not subtilty, not abstruscness ; not finery ; state
of being uneompbundeii ; weakness, silliness-
To SIMPLIFY, slm'ple-fi, v. a. To make less com-
plex; to reduce to first principles.
SlMPLIST, slmiplist, s. One skilled in simples.
SlMPLY, slmiple, adv. Without art, without sub-
tilty ; of itself, without addition ; merely, solely ; fool-
ishly, sillily.
SlMULAR, similar, s. 88. One that counterfeits.
Not in use.
SIMULATION, slm-ft-latshun, s. That part of hy-
pocrisy which pretends that to be which is not.
SIMULTANEOUS, sl-m&l-taine-us, adj. 135. Act-
ing together, existing at the same time.
SlN. sin, t. An act against the laws of God, a vio-
lation of the laws of religion ; habitual negligence of
religion.
T« SlN, sin, r. n. To neglect the laws of religion,
'.:> violate the laws of religion ; to offend against right.
SINCE, slnse, adv. Because that; from tha time
that; ago, before this.
SINCE, slnse, prep. After, reckoning from some
time past to the time present.
SINCERE, sin-sere/ adj. Pure, unmingled ; ho-
SlNDON, slnklun, s. 166. A fold, a wrapper.
SINE, sine, i. A right sine, in Geometry, is a right
line drawn from one end of an arch perpendicularly
upon the diameter drawn from the other end of that
arch.
SINECURE, sl-n^-kire, i An office which has re-
venue without any employment.
SlNEW, slr.inA, s. 265. A tendon, the ligament by
which the joints are moved ; applied to whatever gives
strength or compactness, as, money is the sinew of war ;
muscle or nerve.
To SlNF.w, sin-lib, v. a. To knit as by sinews.
Not in use.
SINEWED, sln^nfide, adj. 359. Furnished with
sinews ; strong, firm, vigorous.
SlNEWY, sln£nu-£, adj. Consisting of a sinew,
nervous; strong, vigorous.
SlNFUL, sln-ful, adj. Alien from God; unsancti-
fied ; wicked, not observant of religion, contrary to ic-
ligion.
SINFULLY, slnifuW, adv. Wickedly.
SlNFULNESS, slniffil-n£s, s. Alienation from God,
neglect or violation of the duties of religion.
To SING, sing, v. n. Fret. 1 Sang, or Sung ; part.
pass. Sung. To form the voice to melody, to articu-
late musirally; to utter sweet sounds inarticulately;
to make anv small or shrill noise ; to tell, in Poetry."
To SlNG, sing, r. a. 409. To relate or mention,
in Poetry; to celebrate, to give praise to; to utter har-
moniously.
To SlNGE, slnje, v. a. To scorch, to burn slightly
or superficially.
SINGER, sing-fir, s. 410. One who sings, one whose
profession or business is to sing.
SlNGINGMASTER, slllg-lng- HiaS - t&r, J. 410.
One who teaches to sing.
SINGLE, slng-gl, adj. 405. One, not double; par.
ticular, individual, not compounded ; alone, having
no companion, having no assistant; unmarried; not
complicated, not duplicated ; pure, uncorrupt, a scrip-
tural sense; that in which one is opposed to one.
To SINGLE, slug-gl, v. a. To' choose out from a-
mong others ; to sequester, to withdraw ; to take alone ;
to separate.
SINGLENESS, slngigl-n£s, s. Simplicity, sincerity,
honest plainness.
SINGLY, slng-gl^, adv. Individually, particularly ;
without partners or associates; honestly, simply, sin-
cerely.
SINGULAR, slngigft-lar, adj. 88. 179. Single,
not complex, not compound ; in Grammar, expressing
only one, not plural ; particular, unexampled ; having
something not common to others ; alone, that of which
there is but one.
SINGULARITY, slnfr-gu-lSrii- te, s. Some charac-
ter or quality by which one is distinguished from others ;
any thing remarkable; a curiosity.
SINGULARLY, slng-gi-14r-l<i, adv. Particularly,
in a manner not common to others.
SINISTER, slninis-tur, adj. 98. 503. Being OB
the left hand ; left, not right ; bad, deviating from ho-
nesty, unfair ; unlucky, inauspicious.
Jt5> This word, though uniformly accented on the se-
cond syllable by the poets quoted by Johnson, is as uni
nest, undissembling, uncorrupt.
SINCERELY, sln-sereile, adv. Honestly, without
hypo
XMKKENFSS, slu-screinOs, ~)
-SfNVFRITY, sln-st-rle ti, Jfc "onwty of in-
tuition, purity of mind; freedom from hypocrisy-
formly acce
le by the
nted on
.
the first by all our lexicographers,
and is uniformly so pronounced by the best speakers.
Mr. Xares tells us, that Dr. Johnson seems to think,
that when this word is used in its literal sense, as
" In his sinii/er hand, instead of ball,
"He plac'd a mighty mng of potent ale,"— Dryden.
it has the accent on the second syllable ; but when in the
figurative sense of corrupt, insidious, &.c. on the first.
This distinction seems not to be founded on the best u-
sage, and is liable to the objections noticed under the word
.Boift— See Principles, No. 495.
SlNlSTROUS, sin-nls-trfis, adj. Absurd, perverse,
wrong-headed.
SlNISTROUSLY, sin-nls-tr&s-lt*, adv. With a ten-
dency to the left ; perversely, absurdly. Accented ac-
cording to the adjective.
?o SINK, sin«:k, t. n. Pret. I Suiik, ancicn'lv
STS
413
SKE
nor 167, n5t 163 — tube 171, tub !' 2, bull 173— oil 299 — pound. 313— ttim 466 — THis 4(y&
Sank, pan. Sunk or Sunken. To fall down through ' SISTERLY, slsit&r-l£, adj. Like a sister, becoming
any medium, not to swim, to go to the bottom; to fall a si-ter
gradually; to enter or penetrate into any body ; to lose
height, to fall to a level ; to lose or want prominence;
to be overwhelmed or depressed ; to be received, to be
impressed ; to decline, to decrease, todecay ; to fall into
rest or indolence ; to fail into any state worse than the
former, to tend to ruin.
To SINK, slngk, v. a. 408. To put under water,
to disable from swimming or floating; to delve, to
make by delving; to depress, to degrade; to plunge
into destruction ; to make to fall ; to bring low, to di-
minish in quantity ; to crush ; to diminish ; to make to
decline; to suppress, to conceal.
SlNK, single, s. 408. A drain, a jakes ; any place
where corruption is gathered.
SINLESS, slnM^s. adj. Exempt from sin.
SlNLESSNESS, sln£l£s-n£s, s. Exemption from sin.
SlNNER, slninur, s. 98. One at enmity with God ;
one not truly or religiously good ; an offender, a cri-
minal.
SlNOFFERING, slni&f-fuT-ing, s. An expiation or
sacrifice for sin.
SiNOl'ER, sln£6-pur, t. 98. A species of earth,
ruddle.
To SINUATE, slniyu-ate, v. a. To bend in and out.
SlNUATION, sln-yfj-aishiin, s. 113. A bending
in and out.
SlNUOUS, slniyu-us, adj. 1 13. Bending in and out.
SlNUS, si-nus, s. A bay of the sea, an opening of
the land ; any fold or opening.
To SlP, sip, v. a. To take a small quantity of liquid
in at the mouth
SlP, sip,
the mouth.
A small quantity of liquid taken in at
SlPHON, sliffin, s. 166. A pipe through which
licjuors are conveyed.
SlPPKR, slji-p'V, s. 98. One that sips.
SlPPET, slpiplt, » 99. A small sop.
SlR, s&r, s. 109. The word of respect in compella-
tion ; the title of a knight or liaronet ; it is sometimes
used for Man ; a title given to the loin of beef, which
one of our kings knighted in a fit of good humour.
SlRE, sire, x. A father, in Poetry ; it is used of
beasts, as, the horse had a good sire ; it is used in Com-
position, as. Grand-sire. A complimental address to a
king.
SlREN, si-r£n, $. A goddess who enticed men by
singing, and devoured them.
SlRIASIS, s^-rl-a-sis, s. 135. 503. An inflamma-
tion of the brain and its membrane, through an exces-
sive heat of the sun.
SlRIUS, slri-r^ us, s. The dogstar.
SlhOCCO, s^-rok-kA, s. The south-east, or Syrian
wind.
SlRRAH, sar-r;\, s. 92. A compellation of jeproach
and ii;>ult.
J£f* This is a corruption of the first magnitude, but too
general and inveterate to be remedied. Mr. Sheridan,
Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Perry, pro-
nounce it as I have done. W. Johnston alone pronounces
itas if written scrrali ; and Mr. Elphinston, because it is
derived from sir and the interjection all, says it ought to
have the first syllable like sir. — See quotation under the
word Shire.
S/ROP, or SlRUP, s&rir&p, s. 1 66. The juice of
vegetables boiled with sugar.
ft3=» The i in this word and its compounds is irrecover-
ably corrupted into short u.
SIUUPED, s&rir&pt, adj. 359. Sweet, like sirup,
bedewed with sweets.
SlRUPY, s&r-r&p-d, adj. Resembling sirup.
SlSTER, sls-t&r, s. 98. A woman born of the same
parents, correlative to brother ; one of the same faith,
n Christian ; one of the same nature, human being ;
one of the same kind, one of the same office.
SlSTEU-IN-LAW, slsit&r-ln-ltw, s. A husband or
wife's sister.
SISTERHOOD, slsit&r-hud, «. The office or duty of
a sister ; a set of sisters ; a number of women of the
•ami- order.
To SlT, sit, ». «, Prct. I Sat. To rest upon the
buttocks ; to be in a state of rest, or idleness ; to be in
any local position ; to rest as a weight or burden ; to
settle, to abide ; to brood, to incubate ; to be placed in
order to be painted ; to be in any situation or condition;
to be fixed, as an assi mbly; to be placed at the table;
to be in any solemn assembly as a member ; to Sit down,
to begin a siege ; to rest, to cease as satisfied ; to settle,
to fix abode ; to Sit out, to be without engagement or
employment, to continue to the end ; to Sit up, to rise
from lying to sitting ; to watch, not to go to bed.
To SlT, sit, ii. a. To keep upon the seat ; to be
settled, to do business.
SlTK, site, s. Situation, local position.
SlTH, sliA, adv. Since, seeing that. Obsolete.
SlTHE, or SCYTHE, siTHe, s. The instrument of
mowing, a crooked blade joined at right angles to a
long pole.
SITTER, slt-t&r, s. 98. One that sits ; a bird that
broods.
SITTING, slt-tlng, s. 410. The posture of sitting
on a seat ; the act of resting on a seat ; a time at which
one exhibits himself to a painter ; a meeting of an as-
sembly; a course of study un intermitted; a time for
which one sits without rising ; incubation.
SITUATE, shitshu-ate, part. adj. 463. Placed with
respect to any thing else.
SITUATION, slt-tshi-a-shun, s. Local respect, po-
sition ; condition, state.
Six, slks, s. Twice three, one more than five.
SIXPENCE, slks£p£nse, s. A coin, half a shilling.
SlXSCORE, slks-sk6re, atlj. Six times twenty,
SIXTEEN, slks^tWn, adj. Six and ten.
SIXTEENTH, slks-tWrU/j, adj. The sixth from the
tenth.
SIXTH, slks//i, adj. The first after the fifth, the
ordinal of six.
SIXTH, slks//*, s. A sixth part.
SIXTHLY, slks///il£, adv. In the sixth place.
SIXTIETH, slks-t£-£//j, adj. 279. The tenth six
times repeated.
SIXTY, slksit^, adj. Six times ten.
SlZK, size, s. Bulk, quantity of superficies, compara-
tive magnitude; condition; any viscous or glutinous
substance.
To SIZE, size, v. a. To adjust, to arrange accord-
ing to size; to settle, to fix; to cover with glutinous
matter, to besmear with size.
SIZED, sizd, adj. 359. Having a particular mag-
nitude.
SIZEABLE, si-zA-bl, adj. Reasonably bulky.
SlZER, si-z&r, s. 98. A certain rank of student*
in the universities.
SlZINESS, sliz<i-ii£s, s. Glutinousness, viscosity.
SlZY, sl-z£, adj. Viscous, glutinous.
SKAINSMATE, skanz-mate, s. A messmate. Ob-
solete.
SKATE, skate, i. A flat sea-fish ; a sort of shoe
armed with iron, for sliding on the ice.
SKEAN, sk^ne, *. A short sword, a knife.
SKEG, sk£g, s. A wild plum.
SKEGGER, sk^gigfir, $. 98. Skeggers are bred of
such sick salmon that might not go to the sea.
SKEIN, skane, s. 249. A knot of thread or silk
wound.
SKELETON, sktt-ld-tuMl, s. 166. The bones of the
body preserved together as much as can be in their na-
tural situation ; the compages of the principle parts
SKEPTICK, sk£p'tik, s. 350. One who doubts, or
pretends to doubt of every thing — See Sc/iirr/ws.
Kj' It is with some reluctance 1 have given this word
as Dr. Johnson has written it, a place in this Dictionary ,
not because it is not generally pronounced in this man-
ner, but that 1 think conforming our spelling to a pre-
vailing pronunciation, when this pronunciation is con-
trary to analogy, is pregnant with the greatest evils that
SKI 474 SLA
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 85, ftl 81 — mi 93, mil 95— pine 105, pin 107— n<!> 162, n>5ve 16-J,
ran happen to a language. While the original landmark
is standing, the true proprietor may claim his rights ; but
when once that is effaced, there is no hone of a resumjv
tion. How Dr. Johnson could remove this landmark is
astonishing. It is one of those unaccountable absurdities
that sometimes enter into the characters of men, whose
understandings are as much above the rest of the world
in some things, as they are below them in others. The
truth is, this great man troubled himself little about pro-
nunciation ; he seems to have cared as little for etymolo-
gies; and even frrammatical disquisitions seem not to
have been his favourite study; but when words were to
be precisely defined, when the boundaries of their signi-
fications were to be fixed, and their most delicate shades
of meaning to be distinguished and exemplified, this
task, so difficult to the strongest mind, seemed to pre-
sent him with an operation worthy of his powers ; in this
labour he was, indeed, a literary Hercules, and in this he
has toiled wilh honour to himself, and to the essential
improvement of ihe English language.
SKEPTICAL, sk£p^t«Ukll, adj. Doubtful, pretend-
ing to universal doubt.
SKEPTICISM, sk£piui-sizm, *. Universal doubt,
pretence or profession of universal doubt.
SKETCH, sk&sh,
a first plan.
S. An outline; a rough draught,
To SKETCH, sk£tsh, t>. n. To draw, by tracing the
outline ; to plan, by giving the first or principal motion.
SKEWER, skiire, j. 265. A wooden or iron pi
used to keep meat in form.
To SKEWta, skire, v. a. 98. To fasten with
skewers.
SKIFF, sklf, s. A small light boat.
SklLFL'L, skil-ful, adj. Knowing, qualified with
skill.
SKILFULLY, skil-ful-^, ndj. With skill, with art,
with uncommon ability, dexterously.
SKII. FULNESS, skil-ful-n£s, s. Art, ability, dexter-
ousress.
SKILL, skil, s. Knowledge of any practice or ait,
readiness in any practice.
To SKILL, skil, r. n. To be knowing in, to be dex-
terous at.
SKILLED, skild, adj. 359. Knowing, dexterous,
acquainted with.
SsiLLESS, skil-lfe, adj. Wanting art. Not in use.
SKILLET, skil-llt, ;. 99. A small kettle or boiler.
To SKIM, skim, v. a. To clear off from the upper
part, by passing a vessel a little below the surface ; to
take by skimming ; to brush the surface lightly, to pass
very near the surface.
To SKIM, skim, v. n. To pass lightly, to glide a-
long.
SKIMBLESKAMBLE, skimMjl-skam-bl, adj. Wan-
dering wild. A cant word.
SKIMMER, skim-m&r, x. 98. A shallow vessel with
which the scum is taken off.
SKLMMILK, skim-milk,' J. Milk from which the
cream has been taken.
SKIN, skin, 5. The natural covering of the flesh
hiiie, pelt, that which is Uiken from animals, to make
parchment or leather.
To SKIN, skin, v. a. To flay, to strip or d-vea of
the skin ; to cover wilh the skin ; to cover superficially
SKINK, skingk, *. (Saxon- J Drink, anj thing po-
table : pottage.
To SKINK, skingk, v. n. 4O8. To serve drink.
SKINKER, skingk-ur, s. One that serves drink.
SKINNED, sklnd, adj. 359. Having the nature o
f-kiii or leather.
SKINNER, skin-nur, 5. 98. A dealer in skins.
SKINMNESS, skiii-n£-nes, *. The quality of being
SKIPJACK, sklp-jak, s. An upstart.
SKIPKENNEL, skip-ken-nil, s. 99. A lackey, a
footboy.
t'KIPPEB, skip^p&r, i. 98. A shipmaster, or ship-
boy.
SKIRMISH, sk£r'mish, *. 108. A slight fight, less
than a set battle ; a contest, a contention.
To SKIRMISH, sk£r-mish, t-. n. To fight loosely,
to fight in parties before or after the shock of the main
battle.
SKIRMISHER, sk£r-mis!i-&r, *. He who skinnUhes.
To SKIRRE, sk£r, v. a. To scour, to ramble over
in order to dear.
To SKIRRE, sk£r, v. n. To scour, to scud, to run
in haste.
SKIRRET, sk^Krit, *. S9. A plant.
SKIRT, sk£rt, s. 1O8. The loose edge of a garment ;
a part which hangs loose below the waist ; the edge of
any part of the dress; edge, margin, border, extreme
part.
To SKIRT, sk£it, p. o. To border, to run alcng the
edge.
SKITTISH, skll-tlsh, adj. Shy, easily frighted ;
wanton, volatile; changeable, fickle.
SKITTISHLY, skit-tish-1^, adv. Wantonly, uncer-
tainly, fickly.
SKITTISHNESS, skititisb-n£s, *. Wantonness, fic-
kleness, shyness.
SKITTLE, skit-tl, s. 405. A piece of wood like a
sugar- loaf u^eil in the play of skittles.
SKITTLES, skit-tlz, * j>Jur.
It^-This word is in no Dictionary that I have seen ; nor
do 1 know its derivation. It is described by Johnson, un-
der the word Luggats, to be kittle pin* set up and thrown
down by a bowl ; but what kittle-pin* are, neither he DOT
any other of our lexicographers informs us.
SKONCE, skfinse, *
Sconce.
SKREEN. skr&n, *. 246. A riddle or coarse sieve;
any thing by whivh the sun or weather is kept o3;
shelter, concealment. Better written Screen.
To SKRKEN, skrcen, v. a. To riddle, to sift ; to
shade from sun or light, or weather ; to shelter or pro-
tect.
SKUE, Skfi, adj. 335. Oblique, sidelong.
To SKULK, skulk, t> «. To hide, to lurk in fear
or malice.
SKULL, skul, s. The bone that encloses the head;
a shoal.
SKULLCAP, skul-kap, *. A headpiece.
SKY, skei, s. 1 60. The region which surrounds this
earth beyond the atmosphere ; it is taken for the whole
region without the earth ; the heavens ; the weather.
SKYEY, sktW, adj. Eihere; L
SKYCOLOUR, skt^i-kul-ur, s. An azure colour, the
colour of the sky.
SKYCOI.OURED, skei-kul-urd, adj. Blue, azure,
like the sky.
SKYDYED, sk&Mlde, ailj. Coloured like the sky.
SKYED, skeide, adj. 359. Enveloped by the skies.
SKYISH, skeWsh. adj. Coloured by the ether.
SKYLARK, skei-lark, *. A lark that mounts and
sings.
SKYLIGHT, sk^Wite, 5. A window placed in 3 room,
not laterally, but in the ceiling.
SKYROCKET, skeUrok-it, s. A kind of firework,
which flies high, and burns as it flies.
SLAB, slab, s. A puddle; a plane of stone, as, a
marble slab.
SLAB, slab, adj. Thick, vUcotis, glutinous.
To SLABBER, slabibur, or slob^bur, v. n. To
let the spittle fail from the mouth, to drivel ; to shed
or pour any thing.
K7* The second sound of this word is by much the
SKINNY, -skin-nt*, adj. Consisting only of skin
wanting fle-h.
Ta 5KIP, skip, v. ti. To fetch quick bounds, to pass
by oi,K-k lca|..-, to bound light!) and joyfully ; to pa»s ' mole usual one ; bui as it is in direct opposition to the
w'iifn>ut notice. .orthography, it ought to be discountenanced, and the a
To SKIP, kklp, D. a. To iwus to i«»s. , restored to 'its tnie sound. Correct usage seems some-
what inclined to this reformation, afid every loverof ci*>
ofciP, »KIJ), t, A light leap or buuud. | recaics* ou^ht to favour 1U
SLA 475 SLE
nor 167, n6t 1*53— t&be 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — 511 299— pSund 313 — I/tin 466— THIS 469.
SI.ABBERER, sllb-bftr-&r, s. 98. He who slab- SLATTERNLY, slatitirn-W, adv. Negligent in die«i
bers. | inetegant in dress.
SLABBY, slib-bt*, adj. Thick, viscous ; wet, floody. To SLATTERN AWAY, slat-tiurn-a-wa,' v. a. T«
SLACK, slik, adj. Loose ; remiss ; relaxed. I lose by negligence.
To SLACK slak > i SLATY, sla^te, adj. Having the nature of slate.
To Si ACKEN slakikn 1O3 \ "' W* T° be **'' SLAVE, slave, *. One mandated to a master,
'
miss, to neglect : t<. lose the power of cohesion; to a-
bate; to languish, to flag.
To SLACK, slik,
To SLACKEN,
> v. a.
To loosen, to mak«
less tight; to relax, to remit ; to ease, tomitigate* to
cause to be remitted; to crumble; to neglect; tore-
press; to make less quick and forcible.
SLACK, slik, s. Smalt coal, coal broken in small parts.
SLACKLY,
missly
adv. Loosely, negligently, re-
SLACKNESS, slikine's, s. Looseness, not tightness ;
negligence, remissness; want of tendency ; weakness.
SLAG, slig, s. The dross or recrement of metal.
SLAIE, sla, s. A weaver's reed.
Sl.AlN, slane. The part. pass, of Slay.
To SLAKE, slake, v. a. To quench, to extinguish.
5^- There is a corrupt pronunciation of this word like
the word slack. This is the word, as Dr. Johnson ob-
•erves, from which it is evidently derived; but as it has
acquired a distinct and appropriated meaning, it is with
great propriety that it differs a little from its original,
both in orthography and pronunciation.
All our orthoepists unite in pronouncing this word re-
gnlarly; but, as Mr. Smith observes, briektayers and
their labourers universally pronounce it with the short a ;
as if written slack ; and it may be added, that the correet-
est speakers, when using the participial adjective in the
words unslaked lime, pronounce the a in the same man-
ner ; but this ought to be avoided.
To SLAM, slim, v. a. To slaughter, to crush ; to
win all the tricks in a hand at whist.
Sl.AM, slim, s. A term at whist, when all the tricks
in a hand are won.
To SLANDER, slinid&r, v. a. 78. To censure
falsely, to belie.
SLANDER, slln-dur, s. False invective ; disgrace,
reproach; disreputation, ill name.
SLANDERER, slin-dir-fir, s. One who belies
another, one who lays false imputations on another.
SLANDEROUS, slin£dir-&s, adj. 314. Uttering
reproachful falsehoods ; containing reproachful false-
hoods, calumnious.
SLANDEROUSLY, slinid&r-fis-le, adv. Calumni-
ously, with false reproach.
SLANG, sling. Tho pret. of Sling.
SLANK, sllngk, s. An herb.
SLANT, slint, 78,
SLANTING
SLANTLY, slint^le, 78. 7 adv. Obliquely, not
SLANTWISE, slint'wize, $ perpendicularly, slope.
SLAP, slip, s. A smart blow.
SLAP, slip, adv. With a sudden and violent Wow.
To SLAP, slip, t;. a. To strike with a slap.
SLAPDASH, slip-dish,' inter/'. All at once. A low
word.
7b SLASH, slish, v. a. To cut, to cut with long
cuts; to lash. Slash is improper.
To SLASH, slash, v. n. To strike at random with
a sword.
SLASH, slish, s. Cut, wound ; a cut in cloth.
SLATCH, slitsh, s. The middle part of a rope or ca-
ble that hangs down loose.
&LATE, slate, s. A gray fossil stone, easily bro-
ken into thin plates, which are used to cover houses, or
to write upon.
To SLATE, slate, v. a. To cover the roof, to tile.
SLATER, sla-tur, j. 98. One who covers with slates
, , . .
NT, slint, 78, 7 adj. Oblique, not direct,
NTING, sllntMng, J not perpendicular.
SLATTERN, slit-turn, s. 98. A woman negligent,
not elegant or nice.
i freeman, a dependant.
To SLAVE, slave, v. n. To drudge, to moil, to toll.
SLAVER, sliv-ur, «, 98. Spittle running from th«
mouth, drivel.
To SLAVER, sliv-fir, v. n. To be smeared with
spittle; to emit spittle.
To SLAVER, slivi&r, v. -a. To smear with drivel.
SLAVERER, slaviur-fir, s. 98. One who cannot
hold his spittle, a driveller, an idiot,
SLAVERY, sla-v&r-£, s. 557. Servitude, the con-
dition of a slave, the offices of a slave.
SLAUGHTER, slaxvitur, s. 213. 39O. Massacre,
destruction by the sword.
To SLAUGHTER, slaw-t&r, v. a. To massacre, *o
slay, to kill with the sword.
SLAUGHTERHOUSE, slawit&r-ho&se, s. House
in which beasts are killed for the butcher.
SLAUGHTERMAN, sliw-tir-min, s. One employ-
ed in killing.
SLAUGHTEROUS, slawit&r-5s, adj. Destructive,
murderous.
SLAVISH, sla-vlsh, adj. Servile, mean, base, de-
pendent.
SLAVISHLY, slaMsh-14, adv. Servilely, meanly.
SLAVISHNESS, sla-vlsh-ne's, s. Servility, meatmen
To SLAY, sla, v. a. 220. Pret. Slew ; part. pass.
Slain. To kill, to butcher, to put to death.
SLAYER, sla-&r, $. 98. Killer, murderer, destroyc'.
SLEAZY, sl(i-z(i, adj. 227. Weak, wanting sub-
stance.
SLED, sled, s. A carriage drawn without wheels.
SLEDDED, sl£d-dld, adj. 99. Mounted on a sleJ.
SLEDGE, sl£dje, s. A large heavy hammer; a car.
riage without wheels, or with very low wheels.
SLEEK, sleek, adj. 24ff. Smooth, glossy.
To SLEEK, sleek, v. a. To comb smooth and even ;
to render soft, smooth, or glossy.
SLEEKLY, sleek-l<i, adv. Smoothly, glossily.
To SLEEP, sleep, o. n. 246. To take rest, by su«.
pension of the mental powers ; to rest, to be motion-
less ; to live thoughtlessly ; to be dead, death being a
state from which man will some time awake ; to be in-
attentive, not vigilant; to be unnoticed, ;or unattended.
SLEEP, sleep, s. Repose, rest, suspension of the
mental powers, slumber.
SLEEPER, sle^piur, S. 98. One who sleeps ; a la-
zy inactive drone ; that which lies dormant, or with-
out effect; a fish.
SLEEPILY, sleepieUleL adv. Drowsily, with desire
to sleep; dully, lazily; stupidly.
SLEEPINESS, sleep-^-n^^, S. Drowsiness, disposi-
tion to sleep, inability to keep awake.
SLEEPLESS, sl£ep-leX adj. Wanting sleep.
SLEEPY, sle'e'p^, adj. Drowsy, disposed to sleep;
soporiferous, causing sleep.
SLEET, sle'et, s, i-H;. A kind of smooth small harl
or snow, not falling in flakes, but single particles.
To SLEET, sl^et, v. n. To snow in small particles
intermixed with rain.
SLEETY, sletk-e1, adj. Bringing sleet.
Sl.EEVE, s!Wv, S. 2-K;. U he part of a garment that
covers the arm ; a fish.
SLEEVED, sleevd, adj. 3.?9. Having sleeves.
SLEEVELESS, s)£4vM£s, adj. Wanting sleeves;
wanting reasonableness, wanting propriety.
SLEIGHT, sittf, S. 255. Artful trick, cunning ar-
tifice, dexterous practice.
SLENDER, slenidur, adj. 9i'. Thin, small in cir-
SLI
SLO
&5- 559. File 73, fir 77, fill 83, fet 81 — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — no 162, m5ve 164,
cumference compared with the length; small in the
waist, having a fine shape; slight; small, weak; spar-
ing ; not amply supplied.
SLENDERLY, sl3n-d&r-l£, adv. Without bulk ;
slightly, meanly.
StENDERNESS, sl£n-dir«n?s, s. Thinness, small-
nessof circumference; want of bulk or strength; slight-
ness ; want of plenty.
SLEPT, sl£pt. The pret. of Sleep.
SLEW, si h, 265. The ]>ret. of Slay.
To SLKV, sla, v. n. 269. To part or twist into
threads.
To SLICE, sllse, v. a. To cut into flat pieces ; to
cut into parts ; to cut off; to cut, to divide.
SLICE, sllse, s. A broad piece cut off*; a broad
piece ; a broad head fixed in a handle, a peel, a spatula.
SLID, slid. The pret. of Slide.
SUDDEN, slldidn, 1O3. The part. pass, of Slide,
a working yard with a gradual descent convenient fot
launching vessels.
SLIPBOABD, slip-bird, j. A board sliding in grooves.
SLIPKNOT, slip-not, s. A bow knot, a knot easily
untied.
SLIPPER, sllp-p&r, s. 98. A shoe without leather
behind, into which the foot slips easily.
SLIPPERINESS, slipip&r-e-nes, s. state or quality
of being slippery, smoothness, glibness; uncertainty,
want of firm footing.
SLIPPERY, slip^p&r-e, adj. Smooth, glib ; not af-
fording firm footing ; hard to hold, hard to keep ; not
standing firm; uncertain, changeable; not chaste
SLIPPY, slip-pe, adj. Slippery.
SLIPSHOD, slip-sh&d, adj. Having shoes not pulled
up at the heels, but barely slipped on.
SLIPSLOP, sllp^slfip, *. Weak liquor; affectation
of using elegant words, and mistaking them.
To SLIDDER, slldid&r, v. n. 98. To 'ilide with I Ta SLIT> s]l\v- a" Pret «»d ;>«»*• Slit and Slit-
Interruption. I «* Toeutlongw.se.
To SLIDE, slide, v. n. Pret. Slid ; part.
Slidden. To pass along smoothly, to glide; to move
without change of the foot ; to pass along by silent and
unobserved progression ; to pass silently and gradually
from good to bad ; to past without difficulty or obstruc-
tion; to move upon the ice by a single impulse, without
change of feet ; to fall by error ; to be not firm; to pass
with a free and gentle course or flow.
To Sl.IDE, slide, v. a. To pass imperceptibly.
SLIDE, slide, s. Smooth and easy passage ; slow even
course.
SLIDER, sllM&r, s. He who slides.
SLIGHT, sllte, adj. 393. Small, inconsiderable;
. weak, negligent ; foolish, weak of mind ; not strong,
thin, as, a slight silk.
SLIGHT, slite, *. Neglect, contempt ; artifice, cun-
ning practice.
To SLIGHT, sllte, v. a. To neglect, to disregard ;
to throw carelessly ; to slight over, to treat or perform
carelessly.
SLIGHTER, sllit&r, s. 98. One who disregards.
SLIGHTINGLY, sll-tlng-14, adv. 410. Without re-
verence, with contempt.
Sr.iGHTLY, silted, adv.
Negligently, contemptu-
ously ; weakly, without force; without worth.
SLIGHTXESS, slitein£s, s. Weakness, want of
strength ; negligence, want of attention.
SLIM, slim, adv. Slender, thin of shape.
SLIME, slime, s. Viscous mire, any glutinous substan
SLIMINESS, slUme n£s, s.
matter.
Viscosity, glutinous
SLIMY, slUme, adj. Overspread with slime ; viscous,
glutinous.
SLINESS, sli-n3s, $. Designing artifice.
SLING, sling, s. 410. A missile weapon made by
a strap; a throw, a stroke ; a kind of hanging bandage.
To SLING, sling, ». a. To throw by a sling ; to
throw, to cast; to hang loosely by a string; to move
by means of a rope.
SLIXGER, iflagtftr, *. 409, 410. One who slings,
or uses the sling.
T*o SLINK, sllngk, t;. n. Pret. Slunk. To sneak,
to steal out of the way.
To SLINK, slingk, ». a. 408. 41 0. To cast, to
miscarry of.
or error; to escape, to fall out of the memory.
To SLIP, slip, v. a. To convey secretly ; to lose by
negligence ; to part twigs from the main body bv lacer-
ation; to escape from, to leave slyly ; to let loose, to
ow off any thing that holds one ; to pass over negli-
The act of slipping, a false step ;
gentiy.
SLIP, slip,
SLIT, slit, *. A long cut and narrow opening.
:o divide long,
off longwise.
To SLIVE, sllre, ) v. a. To Split, t
To SLIVER, sli-v&r, J w»e, to tear
SLIVER, sli-vir, s. 98. A branch torn off.
SLOATS, slAts, s. 295. Sloats of a cart, are those
underpieces which keep the bottom together.
SLOBBER, sl&bi-bur, *. Slaver. — See Slabber.
SLOE, slA, * 295. The fruit of the blackthorn.
SLOOP, sl53p, i. 306. A small ship
SLOP, slip, *. Any mean and vile liquor.
SLOP, s!6p, s. (Generally used in the plural) Trowi-
ers, open breeches.
SLOPE, slApe, adj. Oblique, not perpendicular.
SLOPE, s!6pe, $. An oblique direction, any thing
obliquely directed ; declivity, ground cut or formed
with declivity.
SLOPE, sl6pe, adv. Obliquely, not perpendicularly.
To SLOPE, sl6pe, v. a. To form to obliquity or de-
clivity, to direct obliquely.
To SLOPE, sl6pe, v, n. To take an oblique or de-
clivous direction.
SLOPENESS, sl6pe£n£s, J. Obliquity, declivity.
SLOPEWISE, slopt-wize, adj. Obliquely.
SLOPINGLY, sl<£plng-li, adv. 410. Obliquely.
SLOPPY, slop-pe, adj. Miry and wet.
SLOT, s!5t, s. The tract of a deer.
SLOTH, s!6/A, S. 467. Laziness, sluggishness, idle-
ness; an animal of very slow motion.
SLOTHFUL, sl6tft-!ul, adj. Lazy, sluggish, dull of
motion.
SLOTHFULLY, sl6t/t'-ful-£, adv. With sloth.
SLOTHFULNESS, sl6*A-ful-n&>, s. Laziness, slug
gishness, inactivity.
SLOl'CH, Sloutsh, s. 313. A downcast look, a de-
pression of the head; a man who looks heavy and
clo.vnish.
To SLOUCH, sluutsh, v. n. To have a downcast
clownish look.
SLOVEN, sluviv^n, s. 1O3. A man indecently ne-
gligent of cleanliness, a man dirtily dressed.
SLOVENLINESS, sl&viv£n-le-n£s, s. Indecent ne-
gligence of dress, neglect of cleanliness.
SLOVENLY, sl&v-ven-le, adj. Negligent of dress,
negligent of neatness, not cleanly.
SLOVENLY, sl&v-v^n-li, adv. In a coarse, inelegant
manner.
SLOVENRY, sl&viv£n-r<*, s. Dirtiness, want of neat-
ness.
SLOUGH, slofi, s. SI 3. 390. A deep miry place.
SLOUGH, sl&ff, s. 391. The skin which a serpent
casts of}' at his periodical renovation ; the part that se-
parates from a foul sore.
SLOUGHY. sloiW, adj. Miry, boggy, muddy.
SLOW, slA, adj. 324. Not swift, not qv;ck of nu*.
SMA
477
SMI
nor 167, not 163— tibe 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — oil 299— poind 313 — «/(iu 466 — THi's 469.
tion ; late, not happening in a short time : not ready,
not quick; acting with deliberation; dull, inactive;
dull, heavy in wit.
Sl.OW, sl(i. In composition, is an adverb. Slowly.
To SLOW, slo, t>. a. To delay, to procrastinate. Not
in use.
SLOWLY, sloMi, adv. Not speedily; not soon; not
hastily; not promptly; tardily, sluggishly.
SLOWNESS, slo^nSs, *. Smallness of motion ; want
of velocity ; length of time in which any thing acts or
is brought to pass ; dullness to admit conviction or af-
fection ; want of promptness ; deliberation, cool delay ;
dilatoriness, procrastination.
SLOWORM, slo-w&rm, s. The blind worm, a small
viper.
To SLUBBER, sl&l/b&r, v. a. 98. To do any thing
lazily, imperfectly, or with idle huny; to stain, to
daub ; to cover coarsely or carelessly.
SLUBBERDEGULLION, sl&b-b&r-de-gul-y&n, s.
A sorry wretch. A low word.
SLUDGE, sl&dje, s. Mire, dirt mixed with water.
SLUG, sl&g, S. An idler, a drone ; a kind of slow
creeping snail; a cylindrical or oval piece of metal
shot from a gun.
SLUGGARD, sl&g-g&rd, s. 88. An inactive lazy
fellow. %
To SLUGGARDISE, sl&gigfcr-dlze, v. a. To make
idle, to make dronish.
SLUGGISH, slig-gisli, adj. Lazy, slothful.
SLUGGISHLY, slugiglsh-li, adv. Lazily, idly,
slowly.
SLUGGISHNESS, sl&g-glsh-n£s, s. Sloth, laziness,
idleness
SLUICE, sl&se, J. 342. A Watergate, a floodgate, a
vent for water.
To SLUICE, slfrse, v. a. To emit by floodgates.
SniICY, s!6-s£, adj. Falling in streams as from a
sluice or floodgate.
To SLUMBER, s!6m£b&r, v. n.
To sleep lightly
) ,.
\ ^
to be not awake nor in profound sleep ; to sleep, to re-
pose ; Sleep and Slumber are often confounded ; to be
in a state of negligence and supineness.
SLUMBER, sl&mibfir, s. 98. Light sleep ; sleep,
repose.
SLUMBEROUS, sl6mib&r-&s,
SLUMBERY, slfimib&r-^,
causing sleep ; sleepy.
SLUNfl, sl&ng. The jrret. and part. pass, of Sling
SLUNK, slingk. Thejn-et. and part. pass, of Slink.
To SLUR, sl&r, v. a. To sully, to soil ; to pass
lightly ; to cheat, to trick.
SLUR, sl&r, s. Slight disgrace.
SLUT, sl&t, s. A dirty woman ; a word of sligh
contempt to a woman.
SLUTTERY, slat-t&r-^, s. 557. The qualities or
practice of a slut.
SLUTTISH, llfttUbh, adj. Nasty, dirty, indecently
negligent of cleanliness.
SLUTTISHLY, slfititlsh-1^, adv. In asluttisJ man-
ner, nastily, dirtily.
SLUTTISHNESS, slftUtUh-ii£s, s. The qualities o
practice of a slut, Hastiness, dirtiness.
SLY, sli, adj. Meanly artful, secretly insidious.
Sl.YLY, sll-li, adv. With secret artifice, insidiously
To SMACK, smak, v. n. To be tinctured with anj
particular taste; to have a tincture or quality infused
to make a noise by separation of the lips strongly pres»
cd together, as after a taste ; to kiss with a close coin
pression of the lips.
To SMACK, smak, v. a. To kiss ; to make any
quick smart noise.
SMACK, smak, s. Taste, flavour ; tincture, qualit
from something mixed ; a small quantity, a taste-, th
act of parting the lips audibly, as after a pleasing taste
a loud kiss; a small ship.
SMALL, small, adj. 84. Little in quantity ; slen
der, minute ; little iu degree ; little in importance, pet
ty; little in the principal quality, as, Small beer; not
strong, weak.
SMALL, small, s. The small or narrow part of any
thing, particularly applied to the leg.
IMALLCOAL, small-k61e, s. Little wood coals used
to light fires.
SMALLCRAFT, small-kraft, s. A little vessel be-
low the denomination of a ship.
SMALLPOX, small-p5ks,' s. 406. An eruptive dis.
temper of great malignity.
MALLNESS, small-n4s, s. Littleness, not great-
ness ; want of bulk, minuteness ; weakness.
MALLY, smSl-lti, adv. In a little quantity, with
minuteness, in a little or low degree.
SMARAGDINE, sma-rag-dln, adj. 140. Made of
emerald, resembling emerald.
SMART, smart, s. 78. Quick, pungent, lively pain ;
pain, corporeal or intellectual.
To SMART, smart, v. n. To feel quick lively pain ;
to feel pain of body or mind.
SMART, smart, adj. Pungent, sharp; quick, vigo-
rous ; acute, witty ; brisk, lively.
SMART, smart, s. A fellow affecting briskness and
vivacity.
SMARTLY, smartM4, adv. After a smart man-
ner, sharply, briskly.
SMARTNESS, smart-rife, s. The quality of being
smart, quickness, vigour; liveliness, briskness, witti-
ness.
SMATCH, smatsh, s. Taste, tincture, twang ; a bird.
To SHATTER, smat-t&r, v. n. To have a slight, su-
perficial knowledge ; to talk superficially or ignorantly.
SHATTER, sinat^tfir, s. 98. Superficial or slight
knowledge.
SMATTERER, smat-t&r-?ir, s. One who has a slight
or superficial knowledge.
To SMEAR, sm£«*r, v. a. 227. To overspread with
something viscous and adhesive, to besmear ; to soil,
to contaminate.
SMEARY, sm££r-4, adj. Dauby, adhesive.
To SMELL, sm£ll, v. a. To perceive by the nose;
to find out by mental sagacity.
To SMELL, smSll, v. n. To strike the nostrils ; to
have any particular scent ; to have a particular tincture
or smack of any quality ; to practise the act of smelling.
SMELL, sm&ll, s. Power of smelling, the sense of
which the nose is the organ ; scent, power of affecting
the nose.
SMELLER, sm3Wfir, s. 98. He who smells.
SMELLFEAST, sm^lW^ste, s. A parasite, one who
haunts good tables.
SMELT, sm£lt The pret. and part. pass, of Smell.
SMELT, sniClt, s. A small sea-fish.
To SMELT, sm£lt, v. a. To melt ore, so as to ex
tract the metal.
SMELTER, sm£lt-&r, s. 98. One who melts ore.
To SMERK, sm£rk, v. a. To smile wantonly.
SHERKY, or SMIRK Y, sm£rk^, adj. 108. Nice,
smart, jaunty.
SMEKLIN, sm£r-Iin, s. A fish.
SMICKET, smlkiklt, s. 99. The under garment of a
woman.
To SMILE, smile, v. n. To express pleasure by the
countenance ; to express slight contempt ; to look gay
or joyous ; to be favourable, to be propitious.
SMILE, smile, S. A look of pleasure or kindness.
SMILINGLY, smi-ling-1^, adv. 410. With a look
of pleasure.
To SMIRCH, sm£rtsli, v. a. 108. To cloud, to
dusk, to soil.
To SMIRK, sm5rk, v. n.
ft^f- Johnson defines this word, " to look affectedly
softor kind ;" Ash, " to smile wantonly," and Mason
defines the substantive tmirk to be " a settled smile."
Ash appears to me to have been the farthest from the
true signification ; for the quality of wantonness does not
seem to enter into the idea of this word : the genuine
SMU
478
SNE
&• 559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fat 81 — m£ 93, m£t 95— pine 10.5, pin 1O7— nA 162, mive 164,
countenance.
SMIT, sinlt. The part, pass, of Smite.
To SMITE, smite, r. a. Pret. Smote ; part. pats, j
Smit, Smitten. To strike, to kill, to destroy ; to af- SMUTTY, sm&t-t4, ad}. Black with smoke or coal ;
scenely.
[ SMUTTINF.SS, smftt't4-n4s, *. Soil from smoke;
obsceneness.
flict, to chasten ; to affect with any passion.
To SMITE, smite, v. n. To strike, to collide.
SMITER, smi-tur, «. 98. He who smites.
SMITH, sniliA, s. 467. One who forges with his
hammer, one who works in metals.
SMITHCRAFT, sml/A'kraft, $. The art of a smith.
SMITHERY, sm\tli'-(ir-&, «• The *hop of a smith.
SMITHY, smkA^, s. The work-shop of a smith.
SMITTEN, smlt-tn, 1O3. Thej>a.rt. pass. ofSmite.
SMOCK, smik, s. The under garment of a woman,
a shift.
SUOCKFACED, sm5k-faste, adj. 359. Palefaced,
maidenly.
SMOKE, smAke, *. The visible effluvium, or sooty
exhalation from any thing burning.
To SMOKE, smoke, v. n. To emit a dark exhala-
tion by heat ; to move with such swiftness as to kin-
dle; to smell, or hunt out ; to use tobacco in a pipe.
To SMOKE, smoke, v. a. To scent by smoke, or
dry in smoke ; to smoke a pipe : to smell out, to find
SMOKELESS, sm&keM3s, adj. Having no smoke.
SMOKER, smo-k&r, f. 98. One that dries or per-
fumes by smoke ; one that uses tobacco in a pipe.
SMOKY, smo'ke, adj. Emitting smoke, tumid ; hav-
ing the appearance or nature of smoke ; noisome with
smoke.
SilOOTH, smooTH, adj. 306. 467. Even on the
surface, level; evenly spread, glossy; equal in pace,
without starts or obstruction ; flowing, soft ; mild, a-
dulatory.
To SMOOTH, smifiTH, v. «. To level, to make
even on the surface ; to work into a soft uniform mass ;
to make easy, to rid from obstruction ; to make flowing,
to free from harshness ; to palliate, to soften ; to calm,
t> mollify ; to ease^ to flatter, to soften with blandish-
ments.
SMOOTHFACED, smfSoTH-fiste, adj. 259. Mild
looking, having a soft air.
SMOOTHLY, smioTH-k1, adv. Evenly ; with even
glide ; without obstruction, easily, readily ; with soft
Evenness en the
surface; softness or mildness on the palate; sweetness
and softness of numbers ; blanduess and gentleness of
speech.
SMOTE, smAte. The pret. of Smite.
To SMOTHER, smuTH-Qr, v. a. 469. To suffocate
with smoke, or by exclusion of the air ; to suppress.
SilOTHER, smuTH-ur, *. 98. A state of suppres-
sion ; smoke, thick dusk.
To SMOTHER, sm&TH-ftr, v. n. To smoke without
vent ; to be suppressed or kept close.
SMOULDERING, smd!-dur-ing,
and bland language.
SMOOTHNESS, smo<JTH-rr£s, s.
I adj.
Burning
SMOULDRY, smolidr&, 318.
and smoking without vent.
SMUG, sm&g, adj. Nice, spruce, dressed with af-
fectation of niceness.
To SMUGGLE, smfigigl, v. a. 405. To import or
export goods wi- hoirt payment of the customs.
SMUGGLER, smugigl-ir, s. 98. A wretch who
imports or exports goods without payment of the cus-
toms.
SMUGLY, smag-le, adv. Neatly, sprucely.
SMUGNESS, smCigin£s, *. Sj>ruceness, neatness.
SMUT, Sin&t, «. A spot made with soot or coal ;
must or blackness gathered on corn, mildevr; obscenity.
To SMUT, smCit, v. a. To stain, t« mark with soot
«r coal ; to taint with mildew.
tainted wi:h mildew; obscene.
SNACK, snak, S. A share, a part taken by com-
pact.
SNAFFLE, snaf-fl, s 405. A bridie which crossci
the nose ; a kind of bit for a bridle.
To SNAFFLE, snAf-fl, v. a. To bridle, to hold in a
bridle, to manage.
SNAG, snag, s. A jag or sharp protuberance ; a tooth
left by itself, or standing beyond the rest.
SNAGGED,
366.
SNAGGY, snAg-ge, 383.
\ adj.
Full of snags,
full of sharp protuberances ; shooting into sharp points.
SNAIL, snale, «. 202. A slimy animal which creeps
on plants, some with shells on their backs ; a name gi-
ven to a drone, from the slow motion of a snail.
SNAKE, snake, S. A serpent of the oviparous kind,
distinguished from the viper. The snake's bite is harm.
less.
SNAKEROOT, snake^root, s. A species of birth-
wort growing in Virginia and Carolina.
SNAKESHEAB, snaks-hed, s. A plant
SNAKEWEED, snakt~w£4d, s. A plant.
SNAKEWOOD, snake-wud, s. A kind of wood used
in medicine.
SNAKY, sna£k&, adj. Serpentine, belonging to a
snake, resembling a suake ; having serpents.
To SNAP, snap, v. a. To break at once, to break
short; to strike with a sharp short noise ; to bite; to
catch suddenly and unexpectedly ; to treat with sharp
language.
To SNA?, snip, v. n. To break short, to fall asun-
der ; to make an effort to bite with eagerness.
SNAP, snip, S. The act of breaking with a quick
motion; a greedy fellow ; a quick eager bite; a catch,
a theft.
SNAPDRAGON, snap-drag-un, *. A plant, a kino
of play.
SNAPPER, sn&p'pftr, s. 08. One who snaps.
SNAPPISH, snip-pish, adj. Eager to bite; peevish,
sharp in reply.
SNAPPISHLY, snap£plsh-le, adv. Peevishly, tartly
SNAPPISHNESS, snap-pish -n£s, s. Peevishness, tart-
ness.
SNAPSACK, snap^sAk, s. A soldier's bag. — See
Knapsack.
SNARE, snare, s. Any thing set to catch an animal,
agin, a net; any thing by which one is entrapped or
entangled.
To SNARE, snare, v. a. To entrap, to entangle.
To SNARL, snarl, v. n. To growl, as an angry
animal ; to speak roughly, to talk in rude terms.
SNARLER, snir-l&r, s. 98. One who snarls; a growl.
ing, surly, quarrelsome fellow.
SNARY, sna-ie, adj. Entangling, insidious.
To SNATCH, snatsh, v. a. To seize any thing
hastily ; to transport or carry suddenly.
SNATCH, snatsh, S. A hasty catch" ; a short fit of
vigorous action ; a broken or interrupted action, a
short fit.
SNATCHER, snitsIiiSr, s. 98. One who snatches.
SNATCHINGLY, snatsu-Ing-le, adv. 410. Hastily,
with interruption.
To SNEAK, sneke, v. n. 227. To creep slyly, to
come or go as if afraid to be seen; to behave with
meanness and servility, to crouch.
SNEAKER, sae-kur, .v. 98. A small bowl of punch
SNEAKING, sne-klnjr, part. adj. Servile, mean,
low; covetous, niggardly.
SNU
479
SOC
rrflr 167, not 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 611 299 — poftnd 313— thin 466 — THIS 469.
SNEAKINGLY, sn&klng-le, adv. 410. Meanly,
servilely.
SNEAKUP, sne.-kup, s. A cowardly, creeping, insi-
dious scoundrel.
To SNEAP, snepe. v. a. 227. To reprimand ; to
check; to nip. Not in use.
To S.VEER, siiere, v. a. 246. To show contempt
by looks; to insinuate contempt by covert expres-
sions; to utter with grimace; to show awkward mirth,
SNEER, snere, s. A look of contemptuous ridicule ;
an expression of ludicrous scorn.
To SNEEZE, snWze, t>. n. 246. To emit wind
audibly by the nose.
SNEEZE, sneeze, 5. Emission of wind audibly by the
nose
SNEKZEWORT, sneeziwurt, s. \ plant.
SNET, sneit, s. The fat of a deer.
SNICK-AND SNKE, snlk-ind-su^e,' «. A combat
with knives.
To SNIFF, snlf, v. n. To draw breath audibly by
the nose.
To SNIP, snip, v. a. To cut at once with scissors.
SNIP, snip, 5. A single cut with scissors ; a small
SNIPE, snipe, s. A small fen fowl with a long bill ;
a fool, a blockhead.
SNIPPER, snlpipir, *. 98. One who snips.
SNIPPET, snip-pit, s. 99. A small part, a share.
SNIPSNAP, snlp^sn&p, s. Tart dialogue.
SNIVEL, sniv-vl, s. 102. Snot, the running of the
nose.
To SNIVEL, snivM, v. n. To run at the nose; to
cry as children.
SNIVELLER, sniv-vl-nr, s. 98. A weeper, a weak
luincnter.
I'D S.NORE, snore, v. n. To breathe hard through
the nose, as men in sleep.
SNORE, snore, s. Audible respiration of sleepers
through the nose.
To SNORT, snort, v. n. To blow through the nose
as a high-mettled horse.
SNOT, suit, s. The mucus of the nose.
SNOTTY, sn5t-t£, adj. Full of snot.
SNOUT, snout, s. 3 IS. The snout of a beast ; the
nose of a man, in contempt ; the noscl or end of any
hollow pipe.
SNOUTED, snout-exl, adj. Having a snout.
SNOW, sno, s. 324. The small (articles of water
frozen before they unite into drops.
To SNOW, sno, f. n. To have snow fall.
To SNOW, si)6, v. a. To scatter like snow.
S'iOWEALL, sno-ball, s. A round lump of congeal-
ed snow.
SNOWBROTH, sno-broi/i, s. Very cold liquor.
SNOWDROP, snA-drop, s. An early flower.
SNOW WHITE, stio-whlte, adj. White as snow.
SNOWY, suo^e, adj. White like snow ; aboundin
with snow.
T\i SNUB, snub, v. a. To check, to reprimand ; to
nip.
SNUFF, snuf, s. The useless excrescence of a candle
a candle almost burnt out; the fired wick of a candli
remaining after the flame; resentment expressed b'.
sniffling, perverse resentment; powdered tobacco ta
ken by the nose.
To SNUFF, snuf, t». a. To draw in with the breath
to scent ; to crop the candle.
To SNUFF, snuf, v. n. To snort, to draw breath b
the nose ; to snilF in contempt.
SNUFFBOX, snut-buks, *. Tlie box in which snu:
is carried.
SNUFFERS, snuf'ffirz. s. The instrument wit
which (he candle is clipped.
To SNUFFLE, snut-fl, v. n. 405. To speak throug
the nose, to breathe h.ird tluough the iios*
r'o SNUG, snug, v. n. To lie close.
NUG, snug, adj. Close, free from any incon»eni-
ence; close, out of notice; slyly or insidiously close.
Ta SNUGGLE, snugigl, v. a. 405. To lie close, to
lie warm.
So, so, adv. In like manner ; it answers to At
either preceding or following ; to such a degree ; in
such a manner; in the same manner ; thus, in this man-
ner; therefore, for this reason, in consequence of this;
on these terms, noting a conditional petition ; provided
that, on condition that ; in like manner, noting conces-
sion of one proposition and assumption of another, an-
swering to As ; it notes a kind of abrupt beginning,
well ; a word of assumption, thus be it ; a form of pe-
tition ; So so, an exclamation after something done or
known ; indifferently ; not much amiss or well ; So
then, thus then it is that, therefore.
To SOAK, sAke, v. n- To lie steeped in moisture ;
to enter by degrees into pores ; to drink gluttonously
and intempcrately.
To SOAK, sAke, v. a. To macerate in any moisture,
to steep, to keep wet till moisture is imbibed, to drench ;
to dram, to exhaust.
SOAP, sApe, s. 295. A substance used in washing.
SOAPBOILER, sApe-boil-ir, *. One whose trade is
to make soap.
SOAPWORT, sApe^wurt, s. A species of campion.
To SOAR, sore, v. n. 295. To fly aloft, to tower,
to mount, properly to fly without visible action of the
wings ; to mount intellectually, to tower with the mind ;
to rise high.
SOAR, sore, s. Towering flight.
To SOB, sob, v. n. To heave audibly with convul-
sive sorrow, to sigh with convulsion.
SOB, sob, s. A convulsive sigh, a convulsive act ol
respiration obstructed by sorrow.
SOBER, so^b&r, adj. 98. Temperate, particularly
in liquors ; not overpowered by drink ; not mad, right
in the understanding ; regular, calm, free from inordi-
nate passion ; serious, solemn, grave.
To SOBER, sA-bur, v. a. To make sober.
SOBERLY, sA'bur-le, adv. Without intemperance ;
without madness; temperately, moderately; coolly,
calmly.
SOBERNESS, so-bur-n£s, s. Temperance in drink j
calmness, freedom from enthusiasm, coolness.
SOBRIETY, sA brl-e-te, *. Temperance in drink ;
general temperance ; freedom from inordinate passion ;
calmness, coolness ; seriousness, gravity.
SOCCAGE, sAk'kadje, 5. 90. A tenure of lands for
certain inferior or husbandry services to be performed
to the lord of the fee.
SOCIABILITY, sA-she-1-bll'e-le, j. Natural ten-
dency to be sociable.
SOCIABLE, sA^she-i-bl, adj. 40.5. Fit to be con-
joined ; ready to unite in a general interest ; friendly,
familiar ; inclined to company.
SOCIABLE, so-she-i bl, s. A kind of less exalted
phaeton, with two seats facing each other, and a box
or the driver.
SociABLENESS, s&sh£-iUbl- n£s, s. Inclination to
company and converse ; freedom of conversation, good
fellowship.
SOCIABLY, sA-she.-i-b!4, adv. Conversibly, as a
companion.
SOCIAL, so-slml, adj. 357. Relating to a general
or publick interest ; easy to mix in friendly gaiety ;
consisting in union or converse with another.
SOCIALNESS, s6-shiU-n£s, S. The quality of being
social.
SOCIETY, sA-sUe-t^, *. 460. Union of many in one
general interest; numbers united in one interest, com
munity; company, converse; partnership, union on
pqual terms.
SOCIMAN, sA-sln-i-ln, *. One who adopts the te-
nets of Socinus.
SOCK, s5k, s. Something put between the foot and
shoe ; the shoe of the ancient comiek actors.
SOCKET, sok-klt, s. 99. Any hollow pipe, gener-
ally the hollow of a candlestick ; the receptacle of the
eye; any hollow that receives someuring inserted.
SOL 480 SOL
{.T 559- Fate 7:5, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi* 93, me"! 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, mAve 16*
SOCLE, sA-kl, s. 405. With Architects, a flat square
member under the bases of pedestals of statues and
vases.— -See Codle.
SOD, sSd, s. A turf, a clod.
SODALITY, sA-diW-te, S. A fellowship, a frater-
nity.
SODDEN, sod-dn, 105. The part. pass, of Seethe.
Boiled, seethed.
To SODER, sod-d&r, v. a. 98. To cement with
some, metallick matter.
SODER, s5d-d&r, s. Metallick cement.— See Solder.
SOEVER, sA-5v-&r, adv. 98. A word properly
joined with a pronoun or adverb, as, whosoever, what-
soever, howsoever.
SOFA, sA-'-fi, s. 92. A splendid seat covered with
carpets.
SOFT, s6ft, adj. 1 63. Not hard ; ductile ; flexible,
yielding ; tender, timorous ; mild, gentle, meek, civil ;
placid ; effeminate, viciously nice ; delicate, elegantly
tender; weak, simple; smooih, flowing.
J£^- When this word is accompanied by emotion, it Is
sometimes lengthened into sawft, as Mr. Sheridan has
marked It ; but in other cases such a pronunciation bor-
ders on vulgarity.
SoiT, sAft, interj. Hold, stop, not so fast !
To SOFTEN, softfn, v. a. 472. To make soft, to
make less hard ; to make less fierce or obstinate ; to
make easy, to compose; to make less harsh.
To SOFTEN, sAf^fn, v. n. 103. To grow less hard ;
to grow less obdurate, cruel, or obstinate.
SOFTLY, soft-le, adv. Without hardness ; not vio-
lently, not forcibly ; not loudly ; gently, placidly ; mild-
ly, tenderly.
SOFTENER, sSfifn-&r, s. That which makes soft;
one who palliates.
SOFTNESS, sSft-ne's, s. Quality contrary to hard-
ness ; mildness, gentleness ; effeminacy, vicious delica-
cy; timorousness, pusillanimity; quality contrary to
harshness ; easiness to be affected ; meekness.
SoHO, sA-ho/ interj. A form of calling from a dis-
tant place.
To SOIL, sSil, v. a. 299. To foul, to dirt, to pol-
lute, to stain, to sully, to dung, to manure.
SOIL, soil, s. Dirt, spot, pollution, foulness ; ground,
earth, considered with relation to its vegetative quali-
ties ; land, country ; dung, compost ; cut grass given to
cattle.
SoiLINESS, soiW-n£s, s. Stain, foulness.
SoiLURE, soll-ytre, s. 1 13. Stain, pollution. Not
in use.
To SOJOURN, sA-j&rn, v. n. 314. To dwell any
where for a time, to live as not at home, to inhabit as
not in a settled habitation.
|tj" This verb and noun, as may be seen in Johnson,
art variously accented by the poets ; but our modern or-
thoepists have in general given the accent to the first syl-
lable- of both words. Dr. Kenrick, Perry, Entick, and
Buchanan, accent the second syllable; but Dr. Johnson,
Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ash, Mr. Nares, W.Johnston, Bailey,
Barclay, and Penning, the first Mr. Scott gives both
accents, but that on the first syllable the first place.
SOJOURN, sA-jurn, s. A temporary residence, a
casual and no settled habitation.
SOJOURNER, sAij&rn-&r, s. A temporary dweller.
To SOLACE, sAWis, v. a. 91. 544. To comfort,
to cheer, to amuse.
To SOLACE, s6W5s, v. n. To take comfort.
SOLACE, s51Mas, s. Comfort, pleasure, alleviation,
that which gives comfort or pleasure.
SOLAR, sA-lar, 544. )
SOLARY, sAilJr-cl, \adJ- Being of the «un ; be-
longing to the sun ; measured by the sun.
SOLD, sAld. The pret. and part. pass, of Sell.
SOLD, sAld, s. Military pay, warlike entertainment
SOLDAN, sAKdin, s. The emperor of the Turks.
To SOLDER, sAl-dir, v. a. To unite or fasten with
any kind of metallick cement ; to mend, to unite anv
thing broken.
KS" Dr. Johnson seems to favour writing this word
without the I, as it is sometimes pronounced ; but the
many examples he has brought where it is spelt with I
show sufficiently how much this orthography is establish
ed. It is highly probable, that omitting the sound of
in this word began with mechanicks ; and as the word has
been lately little used, except in mechanical operations,
this pronunciation has crept into our Dictionaries, but
ought not to be extended to the liberal and metaphorical
use of the word. It is derived from the Latin sottdare,
the Italian soldare, or the French souder : and when other
things are equal, Dr. Johnson's rule of deriving words
rather from the French than the Latin, is certainly a good
one, but ought not to overturn a settled orthography,
which has a more original language than the French in
its favour. 1 hough our orthoepists agree in leaving out
the I, they differ in pronouncing the o. Sheridan sounds
the o as in sod; W Johnston as in sober ; and Mr. Nares
as the diphthong aw. Mr. Smith says, that Mr. Walker
pronounces the / in this word, but every workman pro-
nounces it as rhyming with fodder; to which it may be
answered, that workmen ought to take their pronun-
ciation from scholars, and not scholars from workmen.—
SeeCleff.
SOLDER, sol-d&r, s. Metallick cement
SOLDERER, s51-d&r-&r, s. One who solders or menela.
SOLDIER, sAl-j&r, s. 293. 376. A fighting man,
a warrior ; it is generally used of the common men, as
distinct from the commanders.
Jfjf- No orthoepist, except W. Johnston, leaves out
the I in this word ; but I have frequently had occasion to
differ from this gentleman, and in this I do devoutly.
SOLDIERLIKE, sol-jur-like, 7 .. ,
SOLDIERLY, sAHjfir-1^, 404. $ °*' Martia1' raih
tary, becoming a soldier.
SOLDIERSHIP, sol-jQr-ship, s. 404. Military cha-
racter, martial qualities, behaviour becoming a soldier.
SOLDIERY, sol-jfir-^, s. Body of military men, sol-
diers collectively, soldiership, martial skill.
SOLE, sole, s. The bottom of the foot; the bottom
of the shoe; the part of any thing that touches the
ground ; a kind of sea-fish.
To SOLE, sole, v. a. To furnish with soles, as, to
Sole a pair of shoes.
SOLE, sAle, adj. Single, only ; in Law, not married.
SOLECISM, sAW-sIzm, s. 503. Unfitness of one
word to another.
SOLELY, sAlfc-]£, adv. Singly, only See Wholly,
SOLEMN, s61-£m, adj 411. Anniversary, observ-
ed once a year; religiously grave ; awful, striking with
seriousness ; grave, affectedly serious.
SOLEMNESS, sAl-ldm-n&s, 7
SOLEMNITY, sA-l£mi,,d-t4 {*" Ceremony or rite
annually performed ; religious ceremony ; awful cere-
mony or procession ; manner of acting awfully serious ;
gravity, steady seriousness ; awful grandeur; sober dig-
nity ; affected gravity.
SOLEMNIZATION, sAl-l£m-ne-za-shun, s. The
act of solemnizing.
To SOLEMNIZE, s6Wim-mze, v. a. To dignify by
particular formalities; to celebrate; to perform reli-
giously once a year.
SOLEMNLY, sAl-]£m-l£, adv. With annual religi-
ous ceremonies; with formal gravity and stateliness;
with affected gravit\ ; with religious seriousness.
To SOLICIT, sA-Hs-slt, v. a. To importune to en-
treat ; to cail to action, to excite ; to implore, to ask ;
to attempt, to try to obtain ; to disturb, to disquiet. —
See Obedience.
SOLICITATION, sA-lis-d-taishun, s. Importunity;
act of importuning; invitation, excitement.
SOLICITOR, sA-lis-it-fir, s. 166. One who peti-
tions for another; one who does in Chancery the busi.
ness which is done by attorneys in other courts.
SOLICITOUS, sA-lis-sit-&s, adj. 314. Anxious,
careful, concerned.
SOLICITOUSLY, sA-lisisit-&s-ld, adv. Anxiously;
carefully.
SOLICITUDE,. sA-llsise-tide, $. Anxiety, carefuU
ness.
Soi.ICITRESS, sA-lis£-it-tr&, s. A woman who pe.
titions for another.
SOLID, sol-id, adj. Not fluid ; not hollow, cominc^
SOM
481
SOP
nSr Ifi7, n&t 163 — t&be 171, tfib 172, bull 173 — 511 299— piuiitl 313 — t/i'm 466 — THIS -J69.
Jense; having all the geometrical dimensions; strong,
firm; sound, not weakly ; real, not empty ; true, not
fallacious ; not light, not superficial ; grave, profound.
SOLID, sSIMd, s. 544.
taining the fluids.
In Physick, the part con-
SOLIDITY, so-lld-£-t£, s. Fulness of matter, not
hollowness; firmness, hardness, compactness; densi-
ty ; truth, not fallaciousness, intellectual strength, cer-
tainty.
SOLIDLY, sol-lld-li, adv. Firmly, densely, compact-
ly ; truly, on pood ground.
SOUDNESS, s&l-lid-n£s, S. Firmness, density.
SOLILOQUY, s6-lllil6-kw^, s. A discourse made
by one in solitude to himself.
SOLITAIRE,
an ornament for the neck.
SOLITARILY, s51-le-ti-rtU<i, adv.
vithout company.
A recluse, a hermit ;
In solitude ;
SOLITARINESS, s&l-l£-tA-re-nCs, s. Solitude, for-
bearance of company, habitual retirement.
SOLITARY, s&l-lii-ti-ni, adj. Living alone; retired,
gloomy, dismal ; single.
SOLITARY, s51-l£-ti-ri, s. One that lives alone, a
hermit.
SOLITUDE, sSWe-t&de, s. Lonely life, state of be-
ing alone ; a lone place, a desert.
SOLO, sd-lA, s. A tune played on a single instru-
ment.
SOLSTICE, s?>Ustls, s. 140. The point beyond which
the sun does not go, the tropical point, the point at
which the day is longest in summer, or shortest in win-
ter ; it is taken of itself commonly for the summer sol-
stice.
SOLSTITIAL, s61-stlsh££l, adj. Belonging to the
solstice ; happening at the solstice.
SOLUBLE, s5l-i-bl, adj. 405. Capable of dissolu-
tion or separation of parts.
SOLUBILITY, s61-6-bll££-t£, s. Susceptiveness of
separation of parts.
To SOLVE, s51v, v. a. To clear, to explain, to un-
tie an intellectual knot.
SOLVENCY, s61-v3n-s^, s. Ability to pay.
SOLVENT, s51-v3nt, adj. Having the power to cause
dissolution ; able to pay debts contracted.
SOLVIBLE, sSl-v(*-bl, adj. 405. Possible to be
cleared by reason or inquiry. — See Dissolvible.
SOLUND-GOOSE, s6-l&nd-g66se,' s. A fowl in big-
ness and feather very like a tame goose, but his bill
longer; his wings also much longer.
SOLUTION, so-li-shfrn, s. Disjunction, separa-
tion ; matter dissolved, that which contains any thing
dissolved ; resolution of a doubt, removal of an intel-
lectual difficulty.
SOLUTIVE, s5U£i-t!v, adj. 157. 512. Laxative,
causing relaxation.
SOME, s5m, adj. 165. More or less, noting an
indeterminate quantity ; more or fewer, noting an in-
determinate number; certain persons; Some is often
used absolutely for some people ; Some is opposed to
Some, or to Others; one, any, without determining
which.
SOMEBODY, S&m£b5d-£, *. One, a person indis-
criminate and undetermined ; a person of consideration.
SOMERSET, s&m-m&r-s3t, s. Corrupted fromsomer-
tavlt; from tommer, a beam; and sault, French, a
leap. A leap by which a jumper throws himself from
a beam and turns over his head.
SOMEHOW, sumMidu, adj. One way or other.
SOMETHING, s&m^/jng, s. 4 1 0. A thing indeter-
minate ; more or less ; part, distance not great.
SOMETHING, sfin&Alng, adv. In some degree.
SOMETIME, s&mitime, ado. Once, formerly.
SOMETIMES, s&mitlmz, ado. Now and then, at
one time or other ; at one time, opposed to Sometimes
or to Another time.
SOMEWHAT, s&irfhw&t, s. 475. Something, not
nothing, though it be uncertain what ; more or less ;
part greater or less.
SOMEWHAT, sum-hwit, adv. In some degree.
SOMEWHERE, s&m-hwAre, adv. In one place or
other.
SoMF.WHILE, sfirnibwile, «. Once, for a time.
SOMNIFEROUS, s6m-n!W£r-&s, adj. Causing sleep,
procuring sleep.
SOMNIFICK, s6m-nlf-fik, adj. 509. Causing sleep.
SOMNOLENCY, s5m-n6-13n-s£, s. Sleepiness, in-
clination to sleep.
SON, s&n, «. 165. A male child correlative to fa-
ther or mother; descendant, however d slant; com-
pellation of an old to a young man ; native of a coun-
try; the second person of the Trinity ; product of any
thing.
SON-IN-T,AW, s&ni'n-lHw, s. One married to one's
daughter.
SONSHIP, sun^shlp, s. Filiation ; the state of be-
ing a son.
SONATA, s6-na'tA, 4. 92. A tune.
SONG, s5ng, s. 408. 409. Any thing modulated
in the utterance ; a poem to be modulated to the voice ;
a ballad ; a poem, lay, strain ; poetry, poesy ; notes of
birds; an old Song, a trifle.
SONGISH, sSng-Ish, adj. Containing songs, consist-
ing of songs. A low word.
SONGSTER, s&ngist&r, s. 98. A singer.
SONGSTRESS, s&ngistr£s, s. A female singer.
SONNET, s&n-net, s. 99. A small poem.
SONNETTEER, s5n-n£t-Uiir/ s. A small poet,
in contempt.
SONIFEROUS, sA-nI£f3r-&s, adj. Giving or bring-
ing sound.
SONORIFICK, s&n-A rlfiflk, adj. 509. Producing
sound.
SONOROUS, s6-n6-r5s, adj. 512. Loud sounding,
giving loud or shrill sound ; high sounding, of magni-
ficent sound.
SONOROUSLY, s&-n6-rfis-l£, adv. With high sound,
with magnificence of sound.
SONOROUSNESS, s&-no-r&s-n?s, s. The quality of
giving sound ; magnificence of sound.
SOON, s35n, adv. 306. Before long time be pa»t,
shortly after any time assigned ; early, opposed to la;e ;
readily, willingly ; Soon as, immediately.
SOOPBERRY, s66p-b£r-r£, s. A plant.
SoOT, s65t, s. 309. Condensed or embodied smoke.
}£>• Notwithstanding I have Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares,
DrTKenrick, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, and the professors
of the Black Art themselves, against me in the pronun-
ciation of this word, 1 have ventured to prefer the regular
pronunciation to the irregular. The adjective sooty has
its regular sound among the correctest speakers, which
has induced Mr. Sheridan to mark it so ; but nothing can
be more absurd than to pronounce the substantive in one
manner, and the adjective derived from it by adding y,
in another. The other orthoepists, therefore, who pro-
nounce both these word with the oo like Q, are more con
sistent than Mr. Sheridan, though, upon the whole, not so
right.
SOOTED, s65t-£d, adj. Smeared, manured, or co-
vered with soot.
SOOTERKIN, s6&£t3r-kin, s. A kind of false birth
fabled to be produced by the Dutch women from sit-
ting over their stoves.
SOOTH, s66</!, s. 467. Truth, reality. Obsolete.
SOOTH, sofah, adj. 467. Pleasing, delightful.
To SOOTH, s66TH, v. a. 467. To flatter, to please;
to calm, to soften ; to gratify.
SOOTHER,
»•, s. A flatterer, one who gains
by blandishment*.
To SOOTHSAY, Mth-sa, v. n. To predict, to fore-
tell.
SOOTHSAYER, s63^s<\-&r, s. A foreteller, a prog-
nosticator.
SoOTINESS, s55t-e-n5s, s. The quality of being
OO-te, adj. Breeding soot ; consisting ol
soot; black, dark, :tusk\. — See Soot.
SOP, s5p, s. Any th:r,g steeped in liquor to be eaten ;
any thing given to pacily.
SOR
482
SOU
9. FAte73, far 77, fall 83, fttSl— mi 93, m^t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162,mSve 164,
To SOP, sip, v. a. To steep in liquor.
SOPK, sope. — See Soap.
SOPH, s&f, t. A young man who has been two years
at the university.
SOPHI, sA-te, s. The emperor of Persia.
SOPHISM, sof^flzm, s. A fallacious argument.
SOPHIST, sol-fist, *. 544. A professor of philo-
sophy.
SOPHISTER, Sofifis tur, i. 98. A disputant falla-
ciously subtle, an artful but insidious logician; a
name given to those of a certain class in the university
between Freshmen and Batchelors.
SOPHISTICAL, so-fis^-kal, adj. 88. Fallaciously
subtle, logically deceitful.
SOPHISTICALLY, sA flsit£-kal-£, adv. With falla-
cious subtilty.
To SOPHISTICATE, sA f \s-t& kate, ». a. To adul-
terate, to corrupt with something spurious.
SOPHISTICATE, sA-fis-t£-kate, part. adj. 91. A-
dullcrate, not genuine.
SOPHISTICATION, sA fls-t&-ka'shun, s. Adulter-
ation, not genuineness.
SOPHISTICATOR, sA-fls-t^-ka-tur, S. 521. Adul-
terator, one that makes things not genuine.
SOPHISTRY, s&fit'ls tr£, *. Fallacious ratiocination.
SoPOHIFEROUS, sop-A-rlf^ur-us, adj. Productive
of sleep, opiate.
SopORiFERorsNESS, sop A rltfur-us-ntls, s. 518.
527. The quality of causing sleep.
SOPORIFIC*, s?»p-A-riftflk, adj. 530. 509. Caus-
ing sleep, opiate.
SORBS, sorbz, s. The berries of the sorb or service-
tree.
SORCERER, sor-s^r-ur, i. 98. A conjuror, an en-
chanter, a magician.
SORCERESS, sor-s£r-5s, 5. A female magician, an
enchantress.
SORCERY, sor-^r-i, s. 555. Magic, enchantment,
conjuration.
SORD, sord, *. Turf, grassy ground. — See Sod,
SORDID, sor-dld, adj. Foul, filthy j mean, vile,
base ; covetous, niggardly.
SORDIDLY, soridid-lti, adv. Meanly, poorly, cove-
tously.
SoRDIDNKSS, sor-dld-n£s, s. Meanness, baseness ;
nastiness.
SORDINE, sor-dWn,' * 11 a. A small pipe put into
the mouth of a trumpet to make it sound lower or
shriller.
Sor.E, sAre, s. A place tender and painful, a place
excoriated, an ulcer.
SORE, sAre, adj. Tender to the touch ; tender to
the mind, easily vexed; violent with pain, afflictively
vehement.
SORE, sAre, adv. With painful or dangerous vehe-
mence.
SOREL, sA^rll, s. 99. The buck is called the first
year a fawn, the second a pricket, the third a Sorel.
SORELY, sAreM^. adv. With a great degree of pain
or distress ; with vehemence dangerous or afflictive.
SORENESS, sAn.-J.n3s, *. Tenderness of a hurt.
SORITES, so-ri-t^z, s. 433. An argument where
one proposition is accumulated on another.
SoRORIClDE, so-rorini-side, *. 143. The murder
uf a sister.
SORREL, soKrll, i. 99. A plant like dock, but hav-
ing an acid taste.
SORRILY, s6rir£-l£, adv. Meanly, despicably,
wretchedly.
SORRINESS, s&Kre-nds, s. Meanness, ciespicableness.
SORROW, sor-ro, *. 327. Grief, pain for something
past ; sadness, mourning.
To SORROW, sor-i A, v. n. To grieve, to be sad, to
be dejected.
SORROWED, sirirAde, adj. 359. Accompanied with
sorrow. Obsolete.
SORROWFUL, soriro-ful, adj. Sad for something
pn*t. mournful, grieving; expressing grief, accompa-
nied with grief.
SORRY, siriri, ad>. Grieved for something past ;
vile, worthless, vexatious.
SORT, sort, s. A kind, a species ; a manner, a form
of being or acting: a degree of any quality ; a class, or
order of persons ; rank, condition above the vulgar ; a
lot. In this last sense out of use.
jt-^- There is an affected pronunciation of this word so
at to rhyme with part. This affectation, however, seems
confined to a few in the upper ranks of life, and is not
likely to descend to their inferiors, as it does not appear to
; have made any progress among correct and classical
speakers.
j It may be observed, that the long open o is confined to
I those words where p precedes it, and to the word fart.
To SORT, sort, V. a. To separate into distinct and
proper classes ; to reduce to order from a state of con-
fusion ; to conjoin, to put together ill distribution ; to
cull, to choose, to select.
To SORT, sort, t>. n. To be joined with others of
the same species ; to consort, to join; to suit, to fit; to
fall out.
SORTANCE, sor-tanse, s. Suitableness, agreement.
Not in use.
SORTILEGE, sSritd-l£dge, s. The act of drawing
lots.
SORTITION, sor-tlsliiun, s. The act of casting lots.
SORTMENT, S0rt-m£nt, s. The act of sorting, dis-
tribution ; a parcel sorted or distributed.
To Soss, sos, v. n. To fall at once into a chair.
SOT, sot, s. A blockhead, a dull, ignorant, stupid
fellow, a dolt ; a wretch stupified by drinking.
To SOT, s&t, t). a. To stupify, to besot.
To SOT, sot, v. it. To tipple to stupidity.
SOTTISH, sAtUlsh, adj. Dull, stupid, doltish ; duD
with intemperance.
SOTTISHLY, s6t-tlsh-l£, adv. Stupidly, dully, sense-
lessly.
SOTTISHNESS, S&t-tIsh.ll§S, *. Dullness, stupidity,
insensibility.
SOUCHONG, sou-tsliong,' s. The finest sort of Bo-
hea tt a.
SOVEREIGN, suv£4r-ln, adj. 255. Supreme in
power, having no superior; supremely < fiicacious.
SOVEREIGN, suv^r-ln, s. 1 65. Supreme lord. A
gold coil) in value twenty shillings.
SOVEREIGNLY, suvi£r-in-te, adi>. Supremely, in
the highest degree.
SOVEREIGNTY, suvi§r-in-tt*, *. Supremacy, highest
place, highest degree of excellence.
SOUGHT, sawt, s. 319. The jrret- and ]wrt. jwst.
of Seek.
SOUL, sole, *. 318. The immaterial and immortal
spirit of man ; vital principle ; spirit, essence, princi-
pal part; interior power ; a familiar appellation joined
to words expressing the qualities of the mind ; human
being; active power; spirit, fire, grandeur of mind;
intelligent being in general.
SOULED, sold, adj. 359. Furnished with mind.
SOULLESS, f>Ale-l£s, adj. Mean, low, spiritless.
SOUND, sound, adj. 313. Healthy, hearty ; right,
not erroneous ; stout, lusty, valid ; fast, hearty.
SOUND, sound, adv. Soundly, heartily, completely,
fast.
SOUND, sound, s. A shallow sea, such as may be
sounded.
SOUND, sound, 5. A probe, an instrument used by
chirurgeons to feel what is out of reach of the fingers.
To SOUND, sound, v. a. To search with a plum-
met, to try depth ; to try, to examine.
To SOUND, sound, v. n. To try with the sounding
line.
SOUND, sound, *. Any thing audible, a noise, that
which is perceived by the car; mere empty noise op-
posed to meaning.
To SOUND, sound, v. n. To make a noise, to emit
a noue; to exhibit by likeness of sound.
sou
4S3
SPA
nor 167, nit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299 — pound 313— t/i'm 406 — Tilis 469
To SOUND, sound, v a. To cause to make a noise,
to plav on ; to betoken or direct by a sound ; to cele-
brate by sound.
SOUNDBOARD, so'ind-b6rd, s. Board which pro-
pagates the sound in organs.
SOUNDING, sounding, adj. 410. Sonorous, hav-
ing a magnificent sound.
SOUNDING-BOARD, sound-ing-bord, s. The ca-
nopy of the pulpit; the ceiling over the front of the
stage.
SOUNDLY, souudMe, ado. Healthily, heartily ; lus-
tily ; stoutly, strongly j truly, rightly ; fast, closely.
SOUNDNESS, sound-n£s, s. Health, heartiness;
truth, rectitude, incorrupt state; strength, solidity.
SOUP, soop, s. 3 1 5. Strong decoction of flesh for
the table.
SOUR, sour, adj. S I 3. Acid, austere ; harsh of tem-
per, crabbed, peevish ; afflictive, painful ; expressing
discontent.
SOUR, sour, s. Acid substance.
To SOUR, sour, v. a. To make acid ; to make harsh ;
to make uneasy, to make less pleasing ; to make dis-
contented.
To SOUR, sSur, v. n. To become acid ; to grow
peevish or crabbed.
SOURCE, sorse, *. 318.
original, first producer
Spring, fountain-head ;
respectable speakers have attempted to give
theT'rench sound to the diphthong in this word and its
compound resource, as if written soorce and resoorce ; but
«s this is contrary to analjgy, so it is to general usap.e.
Sheridan, Nares, Smith, and W. Johnston, give the same
sound to both these words as I have done. Mr. Perry
gives the same sound to source, and, as well as I can guess
from the blindness of the print, to resource also. Mr
Scott gives both sounds, but seems to prefer the first:
Kenrick only gives source the sound of soorce; anil the
diphthong uu in resource, the same sound as in hour,
town, &e.
SOURISH, sourish, adj. Somewhat sour.
SOURLY, source, adv. With acidity ; with acri-
mony.
SOURNESS, suur-n£s,
S. Acidity, austcrcncss of
taste ; asperity, harshness of temper.
Sous, souse, or sou, j. 315. A small denomina-
tion of French money.
^J- The first pronunciation of this word is vulgar ; the
second is pure French, and, as such, is no more entitled
to a place in an English Dictionary, than the word penny
is in a French one.
SOUSE, sSuse, s. 313. Pickle made of salt ; any
thing kept parboiled in a salt pickle.
To SOUSE, souse, v. n. To fall as a bird on its prey.
To SOUSE, souse, v. a. To strike with sudden vio-
lence, as a bird strikes its prey.
SOUSE, souse, adv. With cudden violence. A low
word.
SOUTERRAIN, so5-t5r-rane/ *. 315. A grotto or
cavern in the ground.
SOUTH, smith, s. 313. The part where the sun is
to us at noon ; the southern regions of the globe ; the
wind that blows from the south.
SOUTH, soutii, adj. 313. Southern, meridional.
SOUTH, soiW/j, adv. Towards the south ; from the
south.
SOUTHING,
south.
adj. Going towards the
SOUTHEAST, soul/<-££st,' s. The point between the
f'ast and south.
SOUTHERLY, suTH^ur-le, or souTH-ur-le, ad).
Belonging to any of the points denominated from the
south, not absolutely southern ; lying towards the
south ; coming from about the south.
IS^f The diphthong in this and the following word has
fallen into contraction by a ,-ort of technical sea pronun-
ciation ; but both of them seem to be recovering their
tdie diphthongal sound, though the lattei seems farther
advanced towards it than the former.
SOUTHERN, siuxH^urn, or suTH^urn, adj. Be-
longing to the south, meridional: lying towards the
south ; coining from the south.
SOUTHERNWOOD, sfiTH-urn-wud, *. A plant
SOUTHMOST, SOUi/i-mAst, adj. Farthest toward*
the south.
SOUTHSAY, so&A-sa, s. 315. Prediction ; proper-
ly Soothsay.
To SOUTHSAY, sou//i-sa, y. n. To predict.— See
Soothsay.
SOUTHSAYER, souf/j-sa ur, J. A predicter ; pro-
perly Soothtayer
SOUTHWARD, sou//jiward, or suTH-urd, ado.
Towards the south.
SoUTHWfilr, so8B/j-w£st,' *. Point between the
south and west.
SOW, sou, i. 322. A female pig, the female of a
boar; an oblong mass of lead ; an insect, a millepede.
To Sow, so, v. n. 324. To scatter seed in order
to a harvest.
To SOW, sA, v. a. Part. pass. Sown. To scatter
in the ground in order to growth ; to spread, to propa-
gate ; to impregnate or stock with seed ; to besprinkle.
— See Bowl.
To Sow, sA, v. a (From suo, Latin.) Part. past.
Sowed. To join by needle-work.
To SOWCE, souse, v. a. 3^'3. To throw into the
water.
SOWER, s6-6r, s. 98. He that sprinkle, the seed ;
a scatterer, a breeder, a promoter.
SOWINS, sou-lnz, s. 323. Flummery made of oat-
meal, somewhat soured.
To SOWL, soul, v. a. 323. To pull by the ears.
Obsolete.
SOWN, sAne. The participle of To Sow.
SOWTHISTLE, sou-//jls-sl, s. 472. A weed.
SPACE, spase, s. Room, local extension ; any quan-
tity of place ; quantity of time ; a small time ; a while.
SPACIOUS, spa-shus, adj. 357. Wide, extensive,
roomy.
SPACIOUSNESS, spa-shus-n£s, s. Roominess, wide
extension.
SPADDLE, spad-dl, s. 405. A little spade.
SPADE, spade, s. 73. The instrument of digging ;
a suit of cards.
SPADILLE, spa-dll/ *. The ace of spades at ombre
and quailrille.
SPAKE, spake. The old preterit of Speak.
SPALT, spalt, s. A white, scaly, shining stone, fre»
quently used to promote the fusion of metals.
SPAN, span, s. The sp;ice from the end of th«
thumb to the end of the little finger extended; any
short duration.
To SPAN, span, v. a. To measure by the hand
extended ; to measure
SPANCOUNTKR, spauikoun-tur,
SPANFARTHING, span-fa raining,
A play at
which money is thrown within a span or mark.
SPANGLE, spang-gl, s. 405. A small plate or bon
of shining metal ; any thing sparkling and shining.
To SPANGLE, spang-gl, «. a. To besprinkle with
spangles or shining bodies.
SPANIEL, spaniel, s. 113. 281. A dog n.«ed for
s|>ort in the field, remarkable for sagacity and obedi-
ence; a low, mean, sneaking fellow.
To SPANK, spingk, v. a. 408. To strike with the
open hand.
SPANKER, spangk-ur, s. A small coin.
SPAR, spar, s. 78. Marcasite; a small beam, th«
bur of a gale.
To SPAR, spar, v. n. To light like cocks with pre-
lusive strokes.
To SPAR, spar, v. a. To shut, to close, to bar.
Obsolete.
To SPAKE, spare, v. a. To use frugally ; to sav«
for any particular use ; to do without, to lose willing-
ly ; to omit, to forbear ; to use tenderly, to treat with
pity ; to grant, to allow.
To SPARE, spare, v. n. To live frugally, to (*
SPE
484.
SPE
£-559. FAte 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81— mi 93, mit 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mite 164,
jiarsimonious ; to forbear, 'a be scrupnlous ; to use
mere)', to forgive, to be tender.
SPARE, spare, adj. Scanty, parsimonious ; super-
fluous, unwanted ; lean, warning flesh.
SPARER, spa^r&r, s. 98. One who avoids expense.
SPARERIB, spare-rib, *. Some part cut off from
the ribs.
SPARGEFACTION, spar-ji-fakish&n, s. The act of j
sprinkling.
SPARING, spa-ring, adj. 410. Scarce; scanty; par-
simonious.
SPARINGLY, spa-ring. 14, adi>. Frugally, parsimo-
niously; with abstinence; not with great frequency;
cautiously, tenderly.
SpARK, spark, s. 78. A small particle of fire, or
kindled matter; any thing shining; any thing vivid
or active ; a lively, showy, sptendid, gay man.
To SPARK, spark, v. n. To emit particles of fire,
to sparkle.
SPARKFUL, sparkiful, adj. Lively, brisk, airy.
SPARKISH, spark-lsh, adj. Airy, gay ; showy, well-
dressed, fine.
SPARKLE, sparikl, *. 405. A spark, a small par-
ticle of fire; any luminous particle.
To SPARKLE, spar^kl, v. n. To emit sparks ; to
issue in sparks ; to shine ; to glitter.
SPARKLINGLY, spark-ling-li, adv. With vivid
and twinkling lustre.
SPARKLINGNESS, spark-ling-n&, j. Vivid and
twinkling lustre.
SPARROW, sparer*, s. 87. 327. A small bird.
SPARROWHAWK, sparirA-hawk, $. The female of
the musket-hawk.
SPARROWGRASS, spSr^ro-gras, s. Corrupted from
Asparagus, which see.
SPARRY, spar-ri, adj. 82. Consisting of spar.
SPASM, spazm, s. Convulsion, violent and invo-
luntary contraction.
SPASMODICK, spaz-m6diik, adj. 5O9. Convulsive.
SPAT, spit The pret. of Spit. Obsolete.
To SPATIATE, spai-she-ate, v. n. To rove, to
range, to ramble at large.
To SPATTER, spatit&r, v. a. 98. To sprinkle with
dirt, or any thing offensive; to throw out any thing
offensive; to asperse, to defame.
To SPATTER, spat-tfir, v- n. To spit, to sputter,
as at any thing nauseous taken into the mouth.
SPATTERDASHES, spat^tur-dash-iz, s. Coverings
for the legs by which the wet is kept off.
SPATTLING-POPPY, spatiling-pipipi, s. White
behen, a plant.
SPATULA, spatitshi-la, s. 92. 461. A spattle.or
slice, used by apothecaries and surgeons in spreading
plasters or in stirring medicines.
SPAVIN, spavin, s. This disease in horses is a
bony excrescence or crust as hard as a bone, that crows
on the inside of the hough.
SPAW, spaw, s. 219. A place famous for mineral
waters, any mineral water.
To SPAWL, spawl, v. n. To throw moisture out of
the mouth.
SPAWL, spawl, s. 219. Spittle, moisture ejected
from the mouth.
SPAWN, spawn, s. 219. The eggs of fish or of
frogs , any product or offspring.
To SPAWN, spawn, v. a. To produce as fishes do
eggs ; to generate, to bring forth.
To SPAWN, spAwn, v. n. To issue as eggi from
fish ; to issue, to proceed.
SPAWNER, spawni&r, j. 98. The female fish.
To SPAY, spa, v. a. 2-20. To castrate female ani-
mals.
To SPEAK, spike, v. n.V27. Pret. Spake or Spoke j
part. pass. Spoken. To utter articulate sounds, to
express thoughts by words ; to harangue, to make a
spwcli ; to talk for or against, to dispute; to discourse
to make mention ; to give sound ; to Speak with, to
address, to converse with.
To SPEAK, spike, v. a. To utter with the mouth,
to pronounce ; to proclaim, to celebrate ; to address
to accost ; to exhibit.
SPEAK ABLE, spi-ka-bl, adj. 405. Possible to be
spoken ; having the power of speech.
SPEAKER, spi-kfrr, s. 98. One who speaks ; one
who speaks in any particular manner ; one who cele-
brates, proclaims, or mentions; the prolocutor of the
commons.
SPEAKING-TRUMPET, spiiking-tr&mpiit, s. 99.
410. Trumpet by which the voice may be propagated
to a great distance.
SPEAR, spire, s. 227. A long weapon with a sharp
point, used in thrusting or throwing ; a lance ; a lance
generally with prongs to kill fish.
To SPEAR, spire, v. a. To kill or pierce with a
spear.
To SPEAR, spire, v. n. To shoot or sprout.
SPEARGRASS, spireigras, s. Long stiff grass.
SPEARMAN, spire-man, s. 88. One who uses a
lance in fight.
SPEARMINT, spireimlnt, s. A plant, a species of
mint.
SPEARWORT, spire^w&rt, s. An herb.
SPECIAL, spesWal, adj. 357. Noting a sort of spe-
cies; particular, peculiar; appropriate, designed for a
particular purpose ; extraordinary, uncommon ; chief
iu excellence.
SPECIALLY, sp§sh-al-i, adv. Particularly above
others ; not in a common way, peculiarly.
SPECIALTY, spishial-ti,
SPECIALITY, spSsh
SPECIES, spi-shiz, s. 433. A sort, a subdivision
of a general term ; class of nature, single order of be-
ings ; appearance to the senses ; representation to the
mind; circulating money j simples that have place in
a compound.
SPECIFIC, spi-sifilk, s. A specific medicine.
SPECIFICAL, spi-siftfi-kal, 9
SPECIFICS, spi.sififik, 509. S J'
makes a thing of the species of which it is; appro-
priated to the cure of some particular distemper.
SPECIFICALLY, spi-sififi-kil-i, adv. In such a
manner as to constitute a species, according to the na-
ture of the species.
To SPECIFICATE, spi-si#fi-kate, v. a. To mark
by notation of distinguishing particularities.
SPECIFICATION, spls-si-fi-kaishfin, s. Distinct
notation, determination by a peculiar mark ; particular
mention.
To SPECIFY, spesisi-fl, v. a. 183. To mention,
to show by some particular mark of distinction.
SPECIMEN, spis-si-min, s. .503. A sample, a
part of any thing exhibited that the rest may be known.
SPECIOUS, spi-sh&s, adj. 357. Showy, pleasing to
the view; plausible; superficially, not solidly right.
SPECIOUSLY, spi-shfrs-li, adv. With fair appear-
ance.
SPECK, spik, s. A small discoloration, a spot
To SPECK, spik, v. a. To spot, to stain in drops.
SPECKLE, spik-kl, s. 405. Small speck, little spot.
215 SPECKLE, spik-kl, v. a. To mark with small
spots.
SPECTACLE, sp£k-ta-kl, s. 405. A show, a gaz-
ing-stock, any thing exhibited to the view as eminent-
ly remarkable; anything perceived by the sight; in
the Plural, glasses to assist the sight.
SPECTACLED, spik£ta-kld, adj. 359. Furnished
with spectacles.
SPECTATOR, spik-tait&j-, s. 76. 521. A looker
on, a beholder.
SPECTATORSHIP, sp£k-ta-t&r-sl>ip, s. Act of be-
holding.
SPECTRE, spSk'tftr, s. 416. Apparition, appeal-
ance of persons dead.
That which
SPE
485
SPI
nSr 167, nit 163— tibe 171, till) 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pound 313 — tti'm 466 — THis 469.
SPKCTHUM, sp£kUrum, s. An image, a visible form. SPERMATICAL, sp£r-mAt-t^-kaI,
of a mirror or looking glass ; assisting sight.
To SPECULATE, spekiku-late, r. n- 91. To me-
ditate, to contemplate ; to take a view of any thing with
the mind.
To SPECULATE, sp£k'kh-late, v. a. To consider
attentively, to look through with the mind.
SPECULATION, sp£k-& la-sh&n, s. Examination
of the eye, view; mental view, intellectual examina-
tion, contemplation ; a train of thoughts formed by
meditation; mental scheme not reduced to practice;
power of sight.
SPECULATIVE, spe'k-kft-li-tlv, adj. 512. Given
to speculation, contemplative ; theoretical ; not prac-
tical.
SPECUL/VTIVELY, sp3k-ki-la-tlv-l<*, adv. Con-
templatively, with meditation; ideally, theoretically,
not practically.
SPECULATOR, spekiki-la-t5r, s. 521. One who
forms theories ; an observer, 3 eontemplator ; a spy, a
watcher.
SPECULATORS, sp£k-k&-la-tur-4, adj. 512. Ex-
ercising speculation.
SPECULUM, sp£k-kft-l&m, *. 503. A mirror, a
looking-glass.
SPED, sped. Thepret. ami part. pass, of Speed
See Mistaken.
SPEECH, speetsh, s. 246. The power of articulate
utterance, the power of expressing thoughts by vocal
words ; language, words considered as expressing
thoughts ; particular language as distinct from others ;
any thing spoken ; talk, mention ; oration, harangue.
SPEECHLESS, speetsh-l^s, atlj. Deprived of the
power of speakinij, made mute or dumb ; mute, dumb.
To SPEED, speed, v. n. 246. Pret. and part pass.
Sped and Speeded. To make haste, to move with ce-
lerity ; to have success; to have any condition good or
bad.
To SPEED, speed, v. a. To despatch in haste; to
despatch, to destroy, to kill; to hasten, to put into quick
motion ; to execute, to despatch ; to assist, to help for-
ward ; to make prosperous.
SPEED, spe^d, s. Quickness, celerity, haste, hurry,
despatch; the course or pace of ahorse ; success, event.
SPEEDILY, speed^e-le, ado. With haste, quickly.
SPEEDINESS, speed^-n£s, t. The quality of being
speedy.
SPEEDWELL, speed-w3U, s. A plant.
SPEEDY, spe^kl^, adj. Quick, swift, nimble, quick
of despatch.
SPELL, spell, s. A charm consisting of some words
of occult power ; a turn of work.
To SPELL, spell, v. a. To write with the proper
letters; to read by naming letters singly ; to charm.
To SPELL, SpeU, v. n. To form words of letters
to read.
SPELTER, sp&tiir, & 98. A kind of semimetai.
To SPEND, sp£nd, v. a. To consume, to lay out
to bestow as expense, to expend ; to effuse ; to squandei
to lavish; to pass; to waste, to wear out; to fatigue
to harass.
To SPEND, sp£nd, v. n. To make expense ; to prov
in the use ; to be lost or wasted.
SPENDER, spender, s. 98. One who spends ; a
prodigal, a lavishcr.
SPENDTHRIFT, spdnd-Mrlft, «. A prodigal, a la
visher.
SPERM, sperm, s. Seed, that by which the specie
is continued.
SPERMACETI, speY-ml-se^, *. (Corruptedly pro-
nounced Parmasity.)
j£5' When Shakespeare makes Hotspur describe a fo]
•sing this word,
" And telling me the
" Was fiirmaiitty fol
lereign'st thing on earth,
i inward bruise," —
It is highly probable this was not a foppish pronunciation
but that which generally obtained in Queen Elizabeth"
time, and has, among the vulgar, been continued to ours.
)
, $
s, 7 s. Roundness,
) rotundity.
SPHEROIDAL,
of a spheroid
t. Seminal,
consisting of seed ; belonging to the sperm.
SpERMATiZE, sper-ma-tize, v. n. To yield seed.
PERMATOCELE, sp^r-mat-to-sele, s. A rupture
occasioned by the contraction of the seminal vessels.—
See Uydroccle.
To SPERSE, sparse, v. a. To disperse, to scatter.
To SPET, sp£t, v. a. To bring or pour abundantly.
Not in use.
To SPEW, spii, t;. a. 265. To vomit, to eject from
the stomach; to eject, to cast forth; to eject with
loathing.
1 'o SPEW, spil, v. n. To vomit, to ease the stomach.
To SPHACELATE, sfas-se-late, v. a. To affect with
a gangrene.
SPHACELUS, sfasise-l&s, *. A gangrene, a mortifi-
cation.
SPHERE, sfere, i. A globe, an orbicular body, a
body of which the centre is at ihe same distance from
every point of the circumference ; any globe of the
mundane system ; a globe representing theearth or sky ;
orb, circuit of motion ; province, com pass of knowledge
or action.
To SPHERE, sf4re, v. a. To place in a sphere ; to
form into roundness.
SPHERICAL, sf'e'rire-kal, 7 adj. Round, orbicular,
SPHERICS, sfer-rlk, 509. > globular ; planetary,
relating to the orbs of the planets.
SPHERICALLY, sf£r-re-kal-^, adv. In form of a
sphere.
SPHERICALNESS,
SPHERICITY, s
SPHEROID, sfe-rSld, s. A body oblong or oblate,
approaching to the form of a sphere.
adj. Having the form
SPHEROIDICAL, sf^-rSid^-kal, adj. Having the
form of a spheroid.
SPHERULE, sfer-ile, *. A little globe.
SPHINX, sllngks, s. The Sphinx was a famous mon-
ster in Egypt, having the face of 3 virgin and the body
of a lion.
SPICE, spise, s. A vegetable production fragrant to
the smell and pungent to the palate, an aromatick sub
stance used in sauces ; a small quantity.
To SPICE, spise, u. a. To season with spice.
SPICER, spl-sur, s. 98. One who deals in spice.
SP1CERY, spi-s&r.^, s. The commodity of spices ;
a repository of spices.
SPICK-AND-SPAN, splkiand-sptLu/ adj.. Quite new,
now first used.
SPICKNEL, splk'n£l, t. The herb baldmoney or
bearwort.
SPICY, spi-s£, adj. Producing spice, abounding with
aromatifks; aromatick, having the qualities of spice.
SPIDER, spl-dur, s. 98. The animal that spine a
web for flies.
SPJDERWORT, spUd&r-wfirt, i. A plant with a lily-
flower composed of six petals.
SPIGNEL, spig-n&l, *. A plant.
SPIGOT, splg-&t, s. 1 66. A pin or peg put into
the faucet to keep in the liquor.
SPIKE, spike, s. An car of corn ; a long nanl of
iron or wood, a long rod of iron sharpened ; a smaller
species of lavender.
7'o SPIKE, spike, v. a. To fasten with long nails ;
to set with spikes.
SPIKENARD, spike-n3r.d, 5. The name of a plant ;
the oil produced from the plant.
trt" Mr. Elphinstoa is the only orthoepitt who pronoinv
cestne i short In this word ; Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr.
Perry, VV. Johnston, and Buchanan, preserve it long at
in spike t and though I am well aware of the com mou
idiom of our pronunciation to shorten the simple in il.e
compound, see Knowledge, yet I think this idiom ought
not to be sought after, when not established by custom.
SB
SPI
486
SPI
l£T 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81— mi 93, m& 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, m&ve 164,
SPIRITED, splr-it-£d, adj. Lively, full of fire.
SPIRITEDNESS, spir-lt-ld-n£s, s. Disposition or
SPILL, spill, *. A small shiver of wood, or thin bar
of iron ; a small quantity of money.
T» SPILL, spill, v. a. To shed, to lose by shed-
ding ; to throw away.
1 o SPILL, spill, v. w. To waste, to be lavish ; to
be shed, to be lost by being shed.
SPILTH, spll//*, s. Any thing poured out or wasted.
Not in use.
To SPIN, spin, v. a. Pret. Spun, or Span ; part.
Spun. To draw out into threads ; to form threads by
drawing out and twisting any filamentous matter ; to
protract, to draw out ; to form by degrees, to draw out
tediously.
To SPIN, spin, v. n. To exercise the art of spin-
ning ; to stream out in a thread or small current ; to
move round as a spindle.
SPINAGE, splninldje, s. 9O. A plant.
SPINAL, spl-nal, adj. 88. Belongingtotheback-bone.
SriNDLE, splnMl, s. 405. The pin by which the
thread is formed, and on which it is conglomerated ; a
long slender stalk; any thing slender.
SPINDLESHANKED, spln-dl-shankt, adj. Having
small legs.
SPINDLETREE, spin'dl-tr^i, s. Prickwood ; a plant.
SPINE, spine, «. The back-bone.
SPINEL, spi-n^l, s. A sort of mineral.
SPINET, spin-n§l, s. A small harpsichord ; an in-
strument with keys.
SPINIFEROUS, spl-nlfif3r-&s, adj. Bearing thorns.
SPINNER, spln-n&r, s. 98. One skilled in spin-
ning ; a garden spider with long jointed legs.
. SPINNING-WHEEL, splninlng-hw^dl, s. The wheel
by which, since the disuse of the rock, the thread is
drawn.
SPINOSITY, spi-n&s's<*-t£,
or briery perplexity.
Crabbedness, thorny
SPINOUS, spi-nus, adj. 3 1 4. Thorny, full of thorns.
SPINSTER, splns^tur, s. 98. A woman that spins ;
the general term for a girl or maiden woman.
SPINSTRY, splusitni, j. The work of spinning.
SPINY, spl-nd, adj. Thorny, briery, perplexed.
SPIRACLE, splr-a-kl, s. 109. A breathing hole, a
vent, a small aperture.
JE>" 1 have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the quanti-
ty of the i in the first syllable of this word, because I
think the same antepenultimate accent which shortens
the o in oracle, and the i in miracle, ought to have the
tame influence in the word in question, 505.
SPIRAL, spUral, adj. 88. Curve, winding, circu-
larly involved.
SPIRALLY, spl-ril-£, adv. In a spiral form.
SPIRE, spire, s. A curve line, any thing wreathed
or contorted, a curl, a twist, a wreath; any thing grow-
ing up taper, a round pyramid, a steeple ; the top or
uppermost point.
To SPIRE, spire, «>. n. To shoot up pyramidically.
SPIRIT, spirit, s. 109. Breath, wind in motion ;
. an immaterial substance ; the soul of man ; an appari-
tion ; ardour, courage; genius, vigour of mind ; intel-
lectual powers distinct from the body; sentiment
eagerness, desire; man of activity, man of life; tha
which gives vigour or cheerfulness to the mind ; am
thing eminently pure and refined; that which hath
power or energy ; an inflammable liquor raised by dis
filiation.
he general sound of the first t In this word an
Bll its compounds was, till lately, the sound of e in merit .
but a very laudable attention to propriety has nearly re
stored the t to its true sound ; and now spirit, soundei
as if written sperit, begins to grow vulgar. See Princi
pies, No. 108, 109, 110. and the word Miracle.
Mr. Sheridan, W. Johnston, and Mr. Smith, hav
given in to this false sound of i, 109 ; but Dr. Kenrick, Mr
Scott, and Mr. Peiry, have given it the true sound; anc
Mr. Nares very justly thinks that this word, Miracle, and
Cistern, are now more frequently and properly heard wit!
the short sound of i,
To SPIRIT, splr-lt, v. a. To animate or actuate a
rt spirit; to excite, to animate, to encourage; to draw
to entire.
. ?
J
make of mind.
SPIRITFULNESS, splr-lt-ful-n£s, s. Sprightlisess,
liveliness.
SPIRITLESS, splrilt-l£s, adj. Dejected, low, depriv
ed of vigour, depressed.
SPIRITOUS, spir-it-frs, ad). Refined, advanced near
to spirit.
SPIRITOUSNESS, splr-lt-&s-n§s, $. Fineness and
activity of parts.
SPIRITUAL, splr-lt-tsh6-al, adj. 461. Distinct
from matter, immaterial, incorporeal, mental, intel-
lectual ; not gross, refined from external things, rela-
tive only to the mind ; not temporal, relating to the
things of heaven.
SPIRITUALITY, splr-lt-tsh&-aW t£, s. Immate-
riality, essence distinct from matter ; intellectual na-
ture ; acts independent of the body, pure acts of the
soul, mental refinement ; that which belongs to any
one as an ecclesiastick.
SPIRITUALTY, splrilt-tshJl-al-t£, s. Ecclesiastical
body.
SFIRITUALIZATION, splr-lt^tshu-al-d-za-shun, *.
Act of spiritualizing.
To SPIRITUALIZE, spirit tshh-al-ize, v. a. To
refine the intellect, to purify from the feculeneies of
the world.
SPIRITUALLY, splr-lt-tshi al-li, adv. Without
corporeal grossness, with attention to things purely in-
tellectual.
SPIRITUOUS, splri-lt-tshu-is, adj. Having the qua-
lity of spirit, tenuity and activity of parts ; lively, gay,
vivid, airy.
SPIRITUOSITY, splr-lt-tsh&-6s-sd t£, 511
SPIRITUOUSNESS, sp!r-it-tshh-5s-n4s,
The quality of being spirituous.
To SPIRT, spurt, v. n, 108. To spring out in a
sudden stream, to stream out by intervals.
To SPIRT, sptirt, v. a. To throw out in a jet.
To SPIRTLE, sp&r-tl, v. a. 405. To dissipate.
SpIRY, spi-rd, adj. Pyramidal, wreathed, curled.
SPISSITUDE, spis-s£ tide, s. Crossness, thickness.
SPIT, spit, s. A long prong on which meat is driven
to be turned before the fire ; such a depth of earth
as is pierced by one action of the spade.
To SPIT, spit, v. a. Pret. Spat ; part . pass. Spit
or Spitted. To put upon a spit ; to thrust through.
To SPIT, spit, v. n. To eject from the mouth ; to
throw out spittle or moisture of the moulh.
SPITAL, spit-tAl, s. Corrupted from Hospital, and
seldom used but to a sermon preached at an hospi-
tal, as, a spital sermon ; or in ihe proverbial phrase,
rob not the spital ; or in the name of that district i>t
London called Spltaljields.
^f The a in all these words has a tendency to sink
its sound, and to confound them with spittle. In the
last of these words this tendency is incurable ; but in the
two first it would be far from pedantic to preserve the
sound of the a as in medaL Dr. Johnson seems to da-
part from etymology in doubling the t in these words.
To SPITCHCOCK, spitsh-k&k, v. a. To cut an eel
in pieces and broil it.
SPITE, spite, s. Malice, rancour, hate ; Spite of, or
in Spite of, notwithstanding, in defiance of.
To SPITE, spite, v. a. To "vex, to thwart malig-
nantly ; to fill with spite, to oft'end.
SPITEFUL, spiteful, adj. Malicious, malignant.
SPITEFULLY, spiteiful-d, adv. Maliciously, malig-
nantly.
SPITEFULNESS, spite-ful-n&S, S. Malignity, desire
of vexing.
SPITTED, spit-ted, adj. Shot out into length, put
on a spit.
SPITTER, spltitur, j. 98. One who puts meat on a
spit ; one who spits with his mouth ; a young deer.
SPITTLE, spit-tl, s. 405. (Corrupted fiom Hospi-
tal.} Not in use.
SPO
487
SPO
nor 167, nit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 611 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THis 469.
SPITTLE, spit-tl, s Moisture of the mouth. | SPOILFUL, spolWul, ail). Wasteful, rapacious.
SPITVENOM, splt-v£n-um, J. Poison ejected from SPOKE, sp6ke, s- The bar of the wheel that passe*
the mouth. i from the nave to the felloe.
Ti> SPLASH, splJsh, v. a. To daub with dirt . SPOKE, sp6ke. The pret. of Speak.
spite, ill-humour; a fit of anger; melancholy,
in great quantities.
SPLASHY, splash^, adj. Full of dirty water, apt
to daub.
SPLAYFOOT, spla-fut, adj. Having the foot turned
inward.
SPLAYMOUTH, spla-mouM, s. Mouth widened by
design.
SPLEEN, spl££n, s. The milt, one of the viscera,
supposed to be the seat of anger and melancholy ; an-
ger, spite, ill-humour; a
hypochondriacal vapours.
SPLEENED, spl&ind, adj. 359. Deprived of the
spleen.
SPLEENFUL, spl££n-ful, adj. Angry, peevish, fret-
ful.
SPLEENLESS, spl££n£l£s, adj. Kind, gentle, mild.
SPLEENWORT, spl^niwurt, s. Miltwaste, a plant.
SPLEENY, spl^n^e, adj. Angry, peevish.
SPLENDENT, sp!4nid£nt, adj. Shining, glossy.
SPLENDID, spl^n^dld, adj. Showy, magnificent,
sumptuous.
SPLENDIDLY, splSnidid-14, adv.
sumptuously.
Magnificently,
SPLENDOUH, spl3n-dur, s. 314. Lustre, power of
shining; magnificence, pomp.
SPLENETICK, spl£n^-tlk, adj. 510. Troubled with
the spleen, fretful, peevish.
SPLENICK, spl£n-lk, adj. 508. Belonging to the
spleen.
SpLENISH, splSnilsh, adj. Fretful, peevish ; pro-
perly Spleenisfi.
Jt5" I'r< Johnson has received this word without any
lemark upon the impropriety of its formation. To turn
* Latin noun into an English adjective by the addition of
tsA, is false heraldry in language . especially as we have
«he English word spleen, from which it might have been
formea with so much more propriety ; but to pronounce
the e long, as Mr. Sheridan has done, is adding absurdity
to error.
SPLENITIVE, spl3ni£-tlv, adj. 512. Hot, fiery,
passionate. Not in use.
SPLENT, splint, s. Splent ig a callous hard sub-
stance, or an insensible swelling, which breeds on or
adheres to the shank-bone, and wnen it grows big spoils
the shape of the leg.
To SPLICE, spllse, v. a. To join the two ends of a
rope without a knot.
SPLINT, splint, s. A thin piece of wood or other
matter used by chirurgeons to hold the bone newly set.
To SPLINTER, spllnti&r, v. a. To secure by
splints ; to shiver, lo break into fragments.
SPLINTER, splinter, s. 98. A fragment of any
thing broken with violence ; a thin piece of wood.
To SPLINTER, spllntiur, v. n. To be broken into
fragments.
To SPLIT, split, v. a. Pret. Split To cleave, to
rive, to divide longitudinally in two ; to divide, to part;
to dash and break on a rock ; to divide, to break iuto
discord.
To SPLIT, split, v. n. To burst asunder, to crack ;
to be broken against rocks.
SPLITTER, splltAbr, s. 98. One who splits.
SPLUTTER, splut-t&r, s. Bustle, tumult; hasty
and inarticulate speaking. A low word.
To SPOIL, spoil, v. a. 299. To rob; to plunder;
to corrupt, to mar, to. make useless.
To SPOIL, spoil, v. n. To practise robbery or plun-
SPOKEN, spoikn, 1O3. Part. ]>asi. of Speak.
SPOKESMAN, spAks'man, s. 88. One who speaks
for another.
To SPOLIATE, spo'l£-ate, v. a. To rob, to plun-
der.
SPOLIATION, spo-U-a-shun, s. The act of robbery
or privation.
SPONDEE, sp&r>id£, s. A foot in poetry of two
long syllables.
SPONDYLE, sp6n-dll, s. A vertebre ; a joint of the
spine.
SPONGE, spunje, s. 165. A soft porous substance
remarkable for sticking up water.
To SPONGE, spunje, v. a. To blot, to wipe away
as with a sponge.
To SPONGE, spunje, v. n. To suck in as a sponge ;
to gain a maintenance by mean arts.
SPONGER, sp&n-j&r, s. 98. One who hangs for a
maintenance on others.
SPONGINESS, sp&n-j4-n3s, j. Softness and fulness
of cavities like a sponge.
SPONGIOUS, spun£j£-us, adj. 314. Full of cavities
like a sponge.
SPONGY, sp&n-j£, adj. Soft and full of interstitial
holes; wet, drenched, soaked.
SPONK, spungk, s. 165. In the Scotch dialect,
Touchwood.— See Spunk.
SPONSAL, sp5n£sal, adj. Relating to marriage.
SPONSION, spon-sh&n, s. The actof becoming surety
for another.
SPONSOR, sp&nis&r, s. 1 66. A surety, one who
makes a promise or gives security for another.
SPONTANEITY, spon-ta-n^-t<*, *. Voluntariness.
accord uncompclled.
SPONTANEOUS, spon-taind us, adj. Voluntary,
acting without compulsion.
SPONTANEOUSLY, spon-tain<*-us-l£, adv. Vo-
luntarily, of its own accord.
SPONTANEOUSNESS, sp6n-ta-ne-us-n3s, s. 314.
Voluntariness, accord unforced.
SPOOL, spool, s 306. A small piece of cane or reed,
with a knot at each end ; or a piece of wood turned in
that form to wind yarn upon, a quill.
To SpOOM, spS6m, v. n. 306. To pass swiftly.
Not in use.
SPOON, spoon, s. 306. A concave vessel with a
handle, used in eating liquids.
SPOONBILL, sp56n'bll, s. A bird ; the end of iti
bill is broad.
SPOONFUL, sp53n-ful, S. As much as is generally
taken at once in a spoon ; any small quantity of liquid.
SPOONMEAT, SpSonim^te, s. Liquid food, nou-
rishment taken with a spoon.
SPOONWORT, sp66niwurt, s. Scurvygrass.
SPORT, spbrt, J. Play, diversion, game, frolick,
and tumultuous merriment; mock, contemptuous
mirth ; that with which one plays ; play, idle {jingle ;
diversion of the field, as of fowling, hunting, fishing.
To SPORT, sport, v. a. To divert, to make merry ;
to represent by any kind of play.
To SPORT, spirt, v. n. To play, to frolick, to game,
to wanton ; to trifle.
SPORTFUL, sport-ful, adj. Merry, ftolicksome,
wanton, ludicrous, done in jest.
SPORTFULLY,
adv. Wantonly, rner-
Wantonness,
der; to grow useless, to be corrupted. I ril)'-
SPOIL, spoil, S. That which is taken by violence, ! SPOKTFULNESS, sp6rtiful-n£s,
plunder, pillage, booty; the act of robbery; cornip- j Plav> merriment, frolick.
tipn, cause of corruption ; tlie slough, tlie cast-off skin SPORTIVE, sporitlv, adj. Gay, merry, frolicksome,
of a serpent.
SPOILER, spoiler, s. 98. A robber, a plunderer.
wanton, playful, ludicrous.
SPORTIVENESS,
^tv-n, s Gaycty,
SPR
488
550. FAte 7:5. fAr 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m& 9:5, met 95 — pine 105, plit 107 — no 162, move
SPORTSMAN. sports-mAn, s. One who pursues the
recreations of ihe field.
SPORTULE, sp6r-tsliule, 5. 461. An alms, a dole.
SPOT, spot, t. A blot, a mark made by discolora-
tion ; a taint, a disgrace, a reproach ; a small extent of
place: any particular place.
To SPOT, spot, v. a. To mark with discoloration ;
to corrupt, to disgrace, to taint
SPOTLESS, spot'l£s, adj. Free from spots ; imma-
culate, pure.
SPOTTER, spotilur, «. 98. One that spots.
SPOTTY, sp5t't<i, adj. Full of spots.
SPOUSAL, spoil-zil, utlj. 99. Nuptial, matrimonial,
bridal.
SPOUSAL, spou'zil, 3. Marriage, nuptials.
SPOUSE, spouze, i. 313. One joined in marriage,
a husband or wife.
SPOUSED, spou/d, adj. 359. Wedded, espoused,
joined together as in matrimony.
SPOUSELESS, spouzMis, adj. Wanting a husband or
wife.
SPOUT, spolf, *. 313. A pipe, the mouth of a pipe
or vessel out of which any thing is poured ; a cataract.
To SPOUT, spoil, v. a. 313. To pour with vio-
lence, or in a collected body as from a spout ; to speak
speeches out of plays in imitation uf an actor. A low
word.
To SPOUT, spout, v. n. To issue at from a spout.
To SPRAIN, sprane, v. a. 202. To stretch the liga-
ments of a joint without dislocation of the bone.
SPRAIN, sprane, 5. Extension of ligaments without
dislocation of the joint
SPRANG, spring. The pret. of Spring.
SPRAT, sprit, j. A small sea-fish.
To SpRAVVL, sprawl, v. n. To struggle at in the
convulsions of death, to tumble with agitation.
SPRAY, spra, s. 220. The extremity of a branch ;
the foam of the sea, commonly written Spry.
To SPUEAP, spr£d, v. a. 234. To extend, to ex-
pand ; to make to cover or fill a large space ; to cover
by extension ; to cover over; to stretch; to extend; to
publish, to divulge ; to emit as effluvia or emanations,
Ti> SPREAD, spig j, p. «. To extend or expand itself.
SPREAD, spr&d, *. Extent, compass; expansion of
parts.
SPREADER, spr£diur, *. 53. One that spreads,
publisher, divulger.
SPRFNT, sprint, part. Sprinkled.
SPRIG, sprig, s. A small branch.
SPRIGGY, spiigigi, adj. 383. Full of small branches.
SPRIG HT. sprite, s. 393. Spirit, shade, soul, incor-
poreal agent; walking spirit, apparition.
SPIUGHTFUL, sprlte-fil, adj. Lively, brisk, gay,
vigorous
SFRIGHIr'ULLY, sprlttifil-i, adv. Briskly, vigor-
ously.
SPIUGHTI.INESS, sprite-Id- n£s, *. Liveliness, brisk-
ness, vigour, gayety, vivacity.
SPRIGHTLY, sprltt-li, adj. Gay, brisk, lively, vi-
gorous, airy, vivacious.
To SPRING, sprjug, v. n. Pret. Sprung, or Sprang ;
anciently Sprang. To arise out of the ground and
grow by vegetative power; to begin to grow; to pro-
reed as from seed ; to come into existence, to issue
forth; to arise, to appear ; to issue wjth effect or force;
to proceed as from ancestors; to proceed as from a
ground, cause, or reason ; to grow, to thrive ; to bound,
to leap, to jurryi, to lly with elastick power ; to rise from
a covert; 10 issue from ia fountain; to proceed as from
^a source; to shoot, to issue with speed and violence.
To SPRING, spilng. t>, a. 409. TO start, to muse
g;iine ; to pioduce light ; to cause by starting a plank ;
to discharge a mine; to contrive a sudden expedient,
w TH ,
fiUNG, spring, s. The season in which plants
spring and vegetate; an elastick body, a body which
w hen tiiitorted lias the power of restoring itself ; elastick
force; any active power, any cnnse by whirh motion
produced or propagated ; a leap, a bmimf,.i jump, a viii
lent effort, a sudden struggle : a fountain, an issue <f
water from the earth ; a source, that by which anj
thing is supplied; rise, beginning; course, original.
SPRINGE, sprlnje, s. (Rhymes, fringe.] A gin, *
noose which catches by a spring or jerk.
SPRINGER, springer, *. 98. One who springs ol
rouses game.
j£?> The £ ought here to rest in the usual sound, and
not to be suflered to aiticulate the r as it docs in jinger.
—See Principles, No. 381, and -109.
SPRINGHALT, springhalt, s, A lameness by which
the horse twitches up hU legs.
SPRINGINESS, sprlng^-ues, or sprlnije-n£s, s.
Elasticity, power of restoring itself. — See Springy.
SPIUNGLE, springigl. s. 4O5. A swinge, an elas-
tick noose.
SPRINGTIDE, springitlde, * Tide at the new moon,
high tide.
SPRINGY, sprlngie, or spring, aifi. Elastick, bar-
ing the power of restoring itself.
J£5" A mostabsurd custom has prevailed in pronouncing
this adjective, as if it were formed from springe, a gin,
rhyming with fringe, when nothing can be plainer than
its formation from spring, an « lastick body, and that the
addition of y ought no more to alter the sound of n in this
word, than it does in stringy, full of strings. It is cer-
tainly thus we ought to pronounce the substantive formed
from" this adjective, which we meet with in Mr. Korster:
" In general, that nervous springiness, (if I may so express
il) so very observable in Mr. Po)>e's metre, is often owing
chiefly to a Trochee beginning his line." Kssfy on Accent
and Quantity, p. 59. — But the absurdity is still increased
when this vicious pronunciation is given to the adjective
formed from spring, a fountain ; this, however, is so con-
trary both to custom and analogy, that nothing but an
oversight in Mr. Sheridan could have prevented his mak-
ing the distinction. — See Principles, No. 409.
SpRINGY, spring^, adj. 409. Full of springs or
fountains.
To SPRINKLE, sprlngikl, v. n. 405. To scatter,
to disperse in small masses ; to scatter in drops ; to be*
sprinkle, to wash, to wet, or dust by sprinkling.
TO SPRINKLE, sprlngifcl, v. n. To perform the
act of scattering in small drops.
To SPRIT, sprit, v. a. To throw out, to eject with
force.
To SPRIT, sprit, v. n. To shoot, to germinate, io
sprout.
SPRIT, sprit, *. Shoot, sprout.
SPRITS AIL, sprit-sale, *. The tail which belongs
to the bolUprit-mast.
SPRITE, sprite, s. A spirit, an incorporeal agent.
SPRITEFULLY, sprite-iul-^, adv. Vigorously, with
life and ardour.
To SPROUT, sprout, v. n. 313. To shoot by ve-
getation, to germinate ; to shoot into ramifications ; to
grow.
SPROUT, sproflt, J. A shoot of a vegetable.
SPRUCE, sproose. adj. 339. Nice, trim, neat.
To SPRUCE, sprodse, r. n. To dress with affected
neatness.
SPRUCE-BEER, sproose-b^r,' s. Beer tinctured with
branches of fir.
SPRI'CELEATHER, spl OoS-l&TH-ur, S. -Prussian
leather.
SPRUCENESS, spr6ose£n£s, s. Neatness without ele-
gance.
SpRUNG, sprung. The pret. and part. pass, of
Spring.
SPUD, spud, S. A short knife.
SPUME, spume, *. Foam, froth.
To SPUME, spume, v. n. To foam, to froth.
SPUMOUS, spu-mus, ) ,.
1,1 > ath. Frothy, foamy.
SPUMY, spu-me, }
SPUN, spun. The pret. aud part. pass, of Spin.
! SFUNGE, spunge, j. A sponge. M^re piepcrljr
SQU
489
SQU
nor I'M, nit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 31'3 — //tin 466 — THIS 4C9.
To SPUNGE, spunje, v. n. 74. To hang on o- SQUALL, skwlll,s. Loudscream; sudden gust of wind.
thers for maintenance. , SQUALI.ER, skwall-ur, s. 98. Screamer, one that
SPUNGING-HOI'SE, spun-jlng-house, S. A house : screams.
to which debtors are taken before commitment to pri- SQUALLY, sk wall-It*, adj. Windy, gusty.
SPONGY, spunije, adj. Full of .mall holes, and SQUAMOUS, skwa^nus, adj. 31 ». Scaly, covered
soft like a sponge; wet, moist, watery; drunken, wet
with liquor.
SPUNK, spun^k, s. 408. Rotten wood, touch-wood.
Used in Scotland for animation, quick sensibility.
SPUR, spur, s. A sharp point fixed on the rider's
heel; incitement, instigation; a stimulus, anything
that galls anil traces; the sharp points on the legs of a
cock ; any thing stand. ng out, a snag.
To SPUR, spur, c. a. To prick with the spur, to
drive with the spur ; to instigate, to incite, to urge for-
waid; to drive by force.
To SPUR, spur, v. n. To travel with great expe-
dition ; to press forward.
SPURGALLED, spfcr-galld, adj. Hurt with thespur.
SPURGE, spu,rjf, s. A plant violently purgative.
SPURIOUS, spu-rt^- us, adj. 314. Not genuine,
counterfeit, adulterine; not legitimate, bastard.
SPURLING, spur-ling, s. 410. A small sea-fish.
To SPURN, spurn, v. a. To kick, to strike or drire
with the foot; to reject, to scorn, to put away with
contempt, to disdain ; to treat with contempt.
To SPURN, spurn, v. n. To make contemptuous
opposition ; to toss up the heels, to kirk or struggle.
SPURN, spurn, 5. Rick, insolent and contemptuous
treatment.
SPURNET, spuKne, s. A plant.
SPURRER, spur-rfir, j. 98. One who uses spurs.
SPURKIER, spur-ie-ur, s. One who nukes spurs.
SPURRY, spur-re, s. A plant,
To SPURT, spurt, v. M. To fly out with a quick
stream. — .See To Spirt.
SPUTATION, spu ta-bhun, *. The act of spitting.
To SPUTTER, sput-tur, v. n. To emit moisture
in small thing drops; to fly out in SM all particles with
some noise ; to speak hastily and obscurely.
To SPUTTER, sputitur, v. a. 98. To throw out
with noi e.
SPUTTERER, sput-tur- &r, *. One that sputters.
SPY, Sjii, 3. One sent to watch the conduct or mo-
tions of others.
To SPY, spl, v. a. To discover by the eye at a dis-
tance ; to discover by a clo.se examination ; to search or
discover by artifice.
Fo SPY, spl, v. n. To search narrowly.
SPY BOA r, spi-bote, s. A boat sent out for intelli-
gence.
SQUAB, skwob, adj. 86, 87. Unfeathered, newly
hatched ; tar, thick and stout, awkwardly bulky.
SQUAB, skwib, s. A kind of sofa or couch, a stuffed
cushion.
SQUAB, skwib, adv. With a heavy sudden fall.
SQUAB PIE, skwob pi/ I. A pie made of many in-
gredients.
SQUABBISH, skwib-bish, adj. Thick, heavy, fleshy.
To SQUABBLE, skwobibl, «>. w. 405. To quarrel,
to debate peevishly, to wrangle.
SQUABBLE, skwib-bl, s. A low brawl, a petty
quarrel.
SQUABBLER, skw&lA>l-ur, $. A quarrelsome fel-
low, a brawler.
SQUADRON, skw&lrun, *. 83. 85. A body of
men drawn up in square: a part of an army, a troop;
part of a llect, a certain number of ships.
with scales.
To SQUANDER, skwonWt'ir, v- a. To scatter lav-
isWy, to spend profusely ; to scatter, to dissipate, to
disperse.
SQUANDERER, skwin-d&r-ur, s. A spendthrift,
a prodigal, a waster.
SQUARE, skware, adj. Cornered, having right
angles; forming a right angle ; cornered, having an-
gles of whatever c< ntent ; parallel, exactly suitable;
strong, well set; exact, honest, fair; in Geometry,
Square root of any number is that whii'h, multiplied
by itself, produces the Square, as four is the square
root of sixteen.
SQUARE, skware, s. A figure with right angles and
equal sides ; an arc«i of four sides, with houses on each
si.le ; content of an angle ; a rule or instrument by
which workmen measure or form their angles; rule,
regularity; squadron, troops formed squaie; level,
equality, quartile, the astrological situation of planets,
distant ninety degree* from each other; rule, confor-
mity ; Squares go, the game proceeds.
To SQUARE, skwarv, v. a. To form with right
angles ; to reduce to a square ; to measure, to reduce
to a measure; to adjust, to regulate, to mould, to
shape ; to accommodate, to fit.
To SQUARE, skware, v. n. To suit with, to fit
with ; to quarrel, to go to opposite sides.
SQUARENESS, skwartin^s, *. The state of being
square.
SQUASH, skwo-h, s. 86. Any thing soft and easily
crushed; a plant: anything unripe, anything soft;
a sudden fall ; a shuck of soft bodies.
To SQUASH, skwosh, v. a. To crush into pulp.
To SQUAT, skwot, v. n. To sit cowering, to sit
close U) the ground.
SQUAT, skwit, adj. Cowering close to the ground ;
short aiul thick, having one part close to another, a*
those of an animal contracted and cowering.
SQUAT, skwot, s. The posture of cowering or lying
close ; a suduen fall.
To SQUEAK, skw^kc, v. n. 227. To «et up a
sudden dolorous cry ; to cry with a shrill acute tone
to bieak silence or secrecy through fear or pain.
SQUEAK, skw^ke, s. A shrill quick cry.
To SQUEAL, skw(He, v. n. 227. To cry with a
shrill sharp voice, to cry with pain.
SQUEAMISH, skw&mlsh, adj. Nice, fastidious,
easily disgusted, having the stomach easily turned.
SQUEAMISHNESS, &kwe'mUh-n£s, *. Niccness,
delicacy, fastidiousness.
To SQUEEZE, skwtJeze, v. a. 246. To press, to
crush between two bodies ; to oppress, to crush, to ha-
rass by extortion ; to force between close bodies.
To SQUEEZE, skw«*eze, v. n. To act or pass in
consequence of compression ; to force a way through
close bod.es.
SQUEEZE, skwet^ze, s. Compression, pressure.
SQUELCH, skw£lsh, s. Heavy fall.
SQUIB, skwib, s. A small pipe of paper filled with
uildtiie; any petty fellow.
SQUILL, skwll, s. A plant ; a fish ; an insect.
SQUINT, skwlnt, adj. Looking obliquely, lucking
suspiciously.
To SQUINT, skwlnt, v. n. To look obliquely, to
look not in a direct lii.e of vision.
To SQUINT, skwlnt, v- a. To form the eye to
ob'ique vision ; to turn the e>e obliquely.
i ..... "• " ""•• " \k""J'.' ••"••""•• "* -—i— | ob'ique vision ; to turn thee>e obliquely.
SQUADRONED, ikwiidrfind, adj. 359. Formed , SQUINT-EYED, skwlnt^lde, adj. Having the sight
into squadrons.
. directed obliquely; indirect, ub ique, maligi.ant.
SQUALID. skw61-l]d, adj. 86. Foul, nasty, filthy. 3b SQUINY, skiving, v. n. To look asquint.
'
Obsolete can twurd.
To SQUALL, skwall, v. n. To scream out as a SQUIRE, skwiu-, s. A gentleman next in rank to
c*ulu or woman ft ighted. | a ^ ht; ^ atteudant ou a noblc warrior.
STA
490
STA
f5- 559. Fate 73, far 77, till 83, fat 81— mi 93, m<5t 95— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, mive 164,
SQUIRREL, skwe'Kril, *. 109. A small animal
that lives in woods, leaping from tree to tree.
Jtj^- The i in this word ought not, according to analogy,
t j be pronounced like e, 109 ; but custom seems to have
fixed it too firmly in that sound to be altered without
the appearance of pedantry. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott,
Mr. Perry, and Mr. Smith, give the i the sound that I
have done.
To SQUIPT, skw&rt, v. a. 108. To throw out
in n quick stream.
To SQUIRT, skwurt, v. n. To prate, to let fly.
SQUIRT, skwfirt, s. An instrument by which a
quick stream is ejected; a small quick stream.
SQUIRTER, skw&rt'&r, s. 98. One who plies a
squirt.
To STAB, Stab, v. a. To pierce with a pointed wea-
pon ; to wound mortally or mischievously.
STAB, stih, s. A wound with a sharp-pointed wea-
pon ; a dark injurv, a sly mischief; a stroke, a blow.
STABBER, stab-b&r, s. 98. One who stabs, a pri-
vate murderer.
STABILIMENT, sta-bll-l£-m3nt, s. Support, firm-
ness, act of making firm.
STABILITY, sta-biW-ttK s. Steadiness, strength to
stand; fixelness; firmness of resolution.
STABLE, sta-bl, adj. 405. Fixed, able to stand ;
steady, constant.
STABLE, sta-bl, s. 405. A house for beasts.
To STABLE, sta-bl, v. n. To kennel, to dwell as
beasts.
STABLEBOY, staibl-boi, 7
STABLEMAN sta^bl-man, 88. 5 s< One wh° ^
tends in the stable.
STABLKNESS, staibl-ne's, s. Power to stand ; steadi-
ness, constancy, stability.
To STABLISH, stab^llsh, v, a. To establish, to fix,
to settle.
STACK, stik, s. A large quantity of hay, coin, or
wood; a number of chimneys or funnels.
To STACK, stak, v. a. To pile up regularly in
ricks.
STACTE, stakt, s. An ammatick, the gum that dis-
tils from the tree which produces myrrh.
STADTHOr.DER, stat-bAld-Jir, s. The chief magis-
trate of the United Provinces.
STAFF, Staf, *. Plur. Staves. A stick with which
a man supports himself in walking; a prop, a support ;
a stick used as a weapon ; any long piece of wood ; an
ensign of an office ; a stanza, a series of verses regularly
disposed, so as that, when the stanza is concluded, the
same order begins again.
STAFFTREE, staf-trdi, s. A sort of evergreen privet.
STAG, Stag, s. The male red deer; the male of the
hind.
STAGE, stadje, s. A floor raised to view, on which
any show is exhibited ; the theatre, the place of scen-
ick entertainments ; any place where any thing is pub-
lickly transacted or performed, a place in which rest is
taken on a journey ; a single step of gradual process.
To STAGE, stadje, v. a. To exhibit publickly. Not
in use.
STAGECOACH, stadje-kAtsh/ * A coach that keeps
its stages a coach that passes and repasses on certain
days for the accommodation of passengers.
STAGEPLAY, stadjeipla, s. Theatrical entertain-
ment.
STAGER, staij&r, s. 98. A player ; one who has
long acted on the stage of life, a practitioner.
STAGGARD, stag-gird, s. 88. A four-year-old
slag.
To STAGGER, stag-g&r, v. n. 98. To reel, not to
stand or walk steadily ; to faint, to begin to give way ;
to hesitate, to fall into doubt.
To STAGGER, stagigfcr, v. a. To make to stagger,
to make to reel ; to shock, to alarm.
STAGGERS, stagi-gftrz, s. A kind of horse apo-
plexy, madness, wild conduct. In this last sense out
of use.
STAGIRITE, stad-ji-rite, «. An inhabitant of Sta-
;ira : Aristotle, so called because born at Stagira.— See
rinciples. No. 156.
STAGNANCY, stag-nan-se1, s. The state of being
without motion or ventilation.
STAGNANT, stag-nant, adj. Motionless, still.
To STAGNATE, stagnate, v. n. 91. To lie mo-
tionless, to have no course or stream.
STAGNATION, stag-na-sh&n, s. Stop of course, ces-
sation of motion.
STALACTITE, stal-ak-tl-te", \ s. Spars in the
STALACTITES, stal-ak-tlitez, J form of icicles.
STAID, stade, part. adj. 202. 222. Sober, grave,
regular.
STAIDNESS, slide-lie's, S. Sobriety, gravity, regu-
larity.
To STAIN, stane, v. a. 202. To blot, to spot ; t«
disgrace, to spot with guilt or infamy.
STAIN, stane, s. 73. Blot, spot, discoloration ;
taint of guilt or infamy ; cause of reproach, shame.
STAINER, sta-nur, s. One who stains, one who
blots. '
STAINI.ESS, stances, nr/;'. Free from blots or spots ;
free from sin or reproach.
STAIR, stare, s. 202. Steps by which we rise in
an ascent from the lower part of a building to the upper.
STAIRCASE, stAre-kase, i. The part of a fabrick
that contains the stairs.
STAKE, stake, $• A post or strong stick fixed in the
ground ; a piece of wood ; any thing placed as a pali-
sade or fence ; the post to which a beast is tied to be
baited ; any thing pledged or wagered ; the state of be-
ing hazarded, pledged, or wagered.
To STAKE, stake, v. a. To fasten, support, or de-
fend with posts set upright ; to wager, to hazard, to
put to hazard.
STALE, stale, adj. Old, long kept ; altered by time ;
used till it is of no use or esteem.
STALE, stale, *. Something exhibited or offered as
an allurement to draw others to any place or purpose.
In this sense little used : in Shakespeare it seems to
signify a prostitute.
To STALE, stale, v. a. To wear out, to make old.
Not in use.
To STALE, stale, v. n. To make water.
STALELY, staled, adv. Of old, of long time.
STALENESS, stale^n^s, s. Oldness, state of b&.
ing long kept, state of being corrupted by time.
To STALK, stSwk, v. n. 84. To walk with high
and superb steps; to walk behind a stalking horse or
cover.
STALK, stawk, $. High, proud, wide and stately
step; the stem on which flowers or fruits grow; the
stem of a quill.
STALKING-HORSE, stawkMng-hSrse, s. A horse,
either real or fictitious, by which a fowler shelters him-
self from the sight of the game ; a mask.
STALKY, stawkie*, adj. Hard like a stalk.
STALL, Stall, s. 84. A crib in which an ox is fed,
or where any horse is kept in the stable ; a bench or
form where any thing is set to sale ; a small house or
shed in which certain trades are practised ; the scat of
a dignified clergyman in the choir.
To STALL, stall, v. a. To keep in a stall or stable ;
to invest.
STALL-FED, stalUfe"d, adj. Fed not with grass but
dry food.
STALLION, staKy&n, s. 1 1 3. A horse kept for
mares.
STAMINA, stam-ln-a, J. The first principles of
any thing; the solids of a human body; those little
fine threads or capillaments which grow up within the
flowers of plants.
|£5» This word, like animalcula, is often, by mere
English speakers, used as a singular. Thus, speaking of
microscopick objects, they talk of seeing the leg of an
animnlcvla, and, observing a person with a good consti-
tution, they say he has a good stamina ; to such speakers
it may be observed, that these words are perfectly Latin
plurals, the singulars of which are animalcidum and ita-
men.— See Animalcule, Lamina, and Miusina.
STA
491
STA
nor 167, nit 163— tfcbe 171, tub 172, bull 173 — oil 299 — poind 313
Consisting of
thin 466 — THi's 469.
STAMINEOUS, sti-mln^-6s, adj.
threads.
To STAMMER, stam£m&r, v. n. 98. To speak
with unnatural hesitation, to utter words with difficulty.
STAMMERER, stam£mfrr-&r, «. One whp speaks
with hesitation.
To STAMP, stamp, v. a. To strike by pressing the
foot. hastily downward j to impress with some mark or
figure ; to 'mint, to form, to coin.
To STAMP, stamp, v. n. To strike the foot sud-
denly downward.
STAMP, stamp, s. Any instrument by which a hol-
low impression is made, a mark set on any thing, im-
pression ; a thing marked or stamped ; a picture cut in
wood or metal ; a mark set upon things that pay cus-
toms to the government ; a character of reputation good
or bad; authority, currency, value ; make, cast, form.
STAMPER, stamp-fir, s. 98. An instrument of
pounding.
To STANCH, sllnsh, v. a. 78. To stop blood, to
hinder from running.
To STANCH, stansh, v. n. To stop.
STANCH, stansh, adj. Sound, such as will not run
out; firm, sound of principle, trusty, hearty, deter-
mined : strong, not to be broken.
STANCHION, stanish&n, s. A prop, a support.
STANCHLESS, stanshM5s, adj. Not to be stopped.
To STAND, stand, v. n. Pret. I Stood j I have
Stood. To be upon the feet, not to sit or lie down ; to
be not demolished or overthrown ; to be placed as an
edifice; to remain erect, not to fall; to become erect ;
to stop, to halt, not to go forward ; to be at a stationary
point without progress or regression ; to be in a state of
firmness ; to be in any posture of resistance or defence j
to be in a state of hostility ; not to yield, not to fly, not
to give way ; to be placed with regard to rank or order;
to remain in the present state ; to be in any particular
state ; not to become void, to remain in force ; to con-
sist, to ha^ve its being or essence ; to be with respect to
terms of a contract ; to have a place ; to be in any state
at the time present ; to be in a permanent state ; to be
with regard to condition or fortune; to have any parti-
cular respect ; to depend, to rest, to be supported; to be
with regard to state of mind ; to be resolutely of a party ;
to be in the place, to be representative j to hold a course ;
to offer as a candidate ; to place himself, to be placed ;
to stagnate, not to flow ; to be without motion ; to insist,
to dwell with many words ; to persist, to persevere ; to
adhere, to abide ; to be consistent ; to Stand by, to sup-
port, to defend, not to desert ; to be present without be-
ing an actor ; to repose on, to rest in ; to Stand for, to
propose one's self a candidate ; to maintain, to profess
to support ; to Stand oft', to keep at a distance; not to
comply ; to forbear friendship or intimacy ; to have re-
lief, to appear protuberant or prominent ; to Stand out,
to hold resolution, to hold a post ; not to comply, not to
secede ; to be prominent or protuberant ; to Stand to, to
ply, to persevere ; to remain fixed in a purpose ; to Stand
under, to undergo, to sustain ; to Stand up, to arise in
order to gain notice; to Stand upon, to concern, to in
terest ; to value, to take pride ; to insist.
To STAND, stand, v. a. To endure, to resist with-
out flying or yielding ; to await, to abide, to suffer ; to
keep, to maintain
STAND, stand, s.
A station, a place where one
waits standing ; rank, post, station ; a stop ; a halt ;
stop, interruption ; the act of opposing; highest mark,
stationary point ; a point beyond which one cannot pro-
ceed ; difficulty, perplexity, embarrassment, hesitation ;
a frame or table on which vessels are placed.
STANDARD, stan-dard, s. An ensign in war, par-
ticularly the ensign of the horse; that which is of un-
doubted authority, that which is the test of other things
of the same kind ; that which has been tried by the
proper test ; a settled rate ; a standing stem or tree.
STANDARDBEARER, stanidard-ba-r&r, s. One
who bears a standard or ensign.
STANDER, stind'&r, s. 98. One who stands ; a
tree that has stood long; Slander by, one present, a
mere spectator.
STANDING, standing, part. adj. Settled, establish-
ed; lasting, not transitory; stagnant, not running;
placed on feet.
STANDING, standing, s. 410. Continuance, long
possession of an office; station, place to stand in ; powei
to stand ; rank, condition ; competition, eandidateship,
STANDISH, stan^dlsh, s. A case for pen and ink.
STANG, sting, s. A perch, a measure of five >ards
and a half.
STANK, stangk. The pret. of Stink.
STANNARY, stan£nar-£, adj. Relating to the tin
works.
STANZA, staniza, s. 92. A number of lines regu-
larly adjusted to each other, so much of a poem as con-
tains every variation of measure or relation of rhyme.
STAPLE, sta-pl, s. 405. A settled mart, an esta-
blished emporium.
STAPLE, sta-pl, adj. Settled, established in com-
merce; according to the laws of commerce.
STAPLE, sta-pl, s. A loop of iron, a bar bent and
driven in at both ends.
STAR, star, s. 78. One of the luminous bodies that
appear in the nocturnal sky ; the pole star ; configur-
ation of the planets supposed to influence fortune ; a
mark of reference.
STAR-APPLE, star-ap-pl, s. A plant.
STARBOARD, star-bird, s. Is the right-hand side
of a ship, as larboard is the left.
STARCH, startsh, s. 78. A kind of viscous matter
made of flour or potatoes, with which linen is stiffened.
To STARCH, startsh, v. a. To stiffen with starch.
STARCHAMBER, star-tsham-bfir, s. A kind of cri-
minal court of equity.
STARCHED, startsht, adj. 359. Stiffened with
starch ; stiff, precise, formal.
STARCHER, startsh-ftr, s. 98. One w
hose trade
to starch.
STARCHI.Y, startsM<*, adv. Stiffly, precisely.
STARCHNESS, startsh-n£s, s. Stiffness, preciseness.
To STARE, stare, v. n. To look with fixed eyes,
to look with wonder, impudence, confidence, stupidity,
or horror ; to Stare in tne face, to be undeniably evi-
dent ; to stand out prominent.
STARE, stare, s. Fixed look j starling.
STARER, sta-r&r, s. 98. One who looks with fixed
eyes.
STAR-FISH, starfish, s. A fish branching out into
several points.
STAR-GAZER, stariga-zfir, s. An astronomer, an
astrologer.
STAB-HAWK, starUiawk, s. A sort of hawk.
STARK, stark, adj. 78. Stiff, strong, rugged ; dee]),
full ; mere, simple, plain, gross.
STARK, stark, adv. Is used to extend or augment
the signification of a word, as, Stark mad, mad in tlio
highest degree.
STARKLY, starkMc*, adv. Stiffly, strongly.
STARLESS, starts, adj. Having no light of stars.
STARLIGHT, star-lite, s. Lustre of the stars.
STARLIGHT, stai-lite, adj. Lighted by the stars.
STARUKE, stari-llke, adj. Having various points
resembling a star in lustre ; bright, illustrious.
STARLING, star-ling, s. A bird j it is one of those
that may be taught to whistle, and articulate words.
STARPAVED, star-pavd, adj. Studded with stars.
STARPROOF, star-pr66f, adj. Impervious to star-
light.
STARRED, starrd, adj. 359. Influenced by the
stars with respect to fortune ; decorated with stars.
STARRY, starve, adj. 82. Decorated with stars ;
consisting of stars, stellar ; resembling stars.
STARRING, star-ring, adj. 82. 410. Shining with
stellar light.
STARSHOOT, starishSot, s. A supposed emission from
a star.
To START, start, v. n. 78. To feel a sudden and
involuntary twitch or motion of the animal frame ; to
rise suddenly ; to move with sudden quickness ; to
shrink, to winch ; to deviate; to set out from the bar-
rier at a race ; to set out upon any pursuit.
STA
492
STE
»^- 569. FAte 73, fir 77, fill 83, fat 81— m.* 93
To START, start, v. a. To alarm, to disturb sud-
denly; to make to start or fly hastily from a hiding
place ; to bring into motion ; to produce to view or no-
tice; to discover, to bring within pursuit j to put sud.
denly out of place.
START, start, s. A motion of terror, a sudden twitch
or contraction of the frame ; a sudden rousing to ac-
tion, excitement: sally, vehement eruption ; sudden
effusion ; >ud«li:n fit : intermitted action ; a quick spring
or motion ; first emission from the barrier, act of set-
ting out; to get the Start, to begin before another, to
obtain advantage over another.
STARTER, start-fir, s. 98. One that shrinks from
his purpose.
STABTINGLY, startMng-le, adv. 41O. By sudden
fits, with frequent intermission.
To STARTLE, star-tl, v. n. 405. To shrink, to
move on feeling a sudden impression.
To STARTLE, stAr-tl, i>. a. To fright, to shock, to
impress with sudden terror.
STARTLE, star-tl, s. Sudden alarm, shock, sudden
impression of terror.
STARTUP, start-Cip, «. One that come* suddenly
into notice.
To STARVE, starv, v. n. To perish, to be destroy-
ed ; to perish with hungir ; to be killed with cold ; to
suffer extreme poverty ; to be destroyed with cold.
To STARVE, f.tarv, v. a. To kill with hunger ;
to subdue by famine; to kill with cold ; to deprive of
force or vigour.
STARVLING, stirvMlng, ». 410. An animal thin
and weak for want of nourishment.
STARWORT, stariw&rt, ». Be.ampane.
STATAKY, sta-ta-re, adj. 512. Fixed, settled.
STATE, state, s. Condition, circumstances of nature
or fortune; modification of any thing; estate, seigni-
ory, possession; the community, thepubliek, the com-
monwealth; a rcpublick, a government not monarchi-
cal; rank, condition, quality; solemn pomp, appear-
ance of greatness; dignity, grandeur; aseat of dignity ;
the principal persons in the government.
To S't ATE, state, v. a. To settle, to regulate ; to
represent in all the circumstances of modification.
STATEUNESS, statr£l£-n£s, i. Grandeur, majestick
appearance, august manner, dignity; appearance of
pride, affected dignity.
STATELY, state-le, adj. August, grand, lofty, ele-
vated ; elevated in mien or sentiment.
STATELY, state-le, adv. Majestically.
STATESMAN, stats^m&n, *. 88. A politician, one
versed in the arts of government ; one employed in
publick aftairs.
STATESWOMAN, stats-wum-un, s. A woman who
meddles with publick affairs.
STATICAL, statifci kal, ) adj. Relating to the
STATICK, statitlk, 5O9. J science of weighing.
STA TICKS, stat'tlks, 3. The science which consi-
ders the weight of bodies.
STATION, sta-sh&n, j. The act of standing ; a state
of rest ; a place where any one is placed; post assign-
ed, ollicc; situation, position; employment, office-
rank, condition, life.
To STATION, sta-sh&n, v. a. To place in a cer-
tain post, rank, nr place.
STATIONARY, sta-shin-a- n*, adj. Fixed, not pro-
gressive.
fc^» This word, though not noticed by Johnson, is
used to signify the goods of a stationer : such as books,
pa|>er, and other commodities for writing. The reason
why a seller of paper is called a stationer, is, that former-
ly the sellers ot paper were itinerants or pedlars ; and that
as the tra<!e became more important, they look a stand
or station, which gave a name to the profession.
STATIONER, sta-bhun-Qr, *. 98. A bookseller ; a
seller of paper.
STATIST, sta-tlst, *. A statesman, a politician.
Not in use.
STATISTICAL, st&-tls't«-kil, 7
STATISTIC*, sti-tisi.lk, J "*'
his word is not found iu any of our Dictiona-
met35— pine 105, pin 107— ni 162, mive 164,
ries, and seems to have oeen first used by Sir John Sin-
clair in his plan for a statement of the trade, population,
and productions of every county in Scotland ; with th«
food, diseases, and longevity of its inhabitants. A plan
which reflects the greatest "credit on the understanding
and benevolence of that gentleman, as it is big with ad-
vantages both to the philosopher and the politician.
These words must not be confounded with statical and
itatick ; for though such a plan leads to a philosophical
weighing of these provincial circumstances, yet certainly
the lirst idea is that of statins these circumstances ; and
therefore these words are formed from the English verb
to state, and not from statictt, derived from the Greek
word fratTixr,.
STATUARY, stut-tshi-A'ri, *. The art of carving
images or representations of life ; one that practises or
professes the art of making statues.
STATUE, stat-tshi, s. 463. An image, a solid re-
presentation of any living being.
2'i STATUE, stat-tshb, v. a. To place as a statue.
Not used.
STATURE, stat-tsh&re, «. 463. The height of any
animal.
STATUTABLE, stat-tshii-ia-bl, adj. According to
statute.
STATUTE, stat-tshite, *. 463. A law, an edict of
the legislature.
To STAVE, stive, "P. a. To break in pieces ; to push
off as with a staff; to pour out by breaking the cask.
STAVES, stavz, *. The plural of Staff.
To STAY, sta, »>. n. 220. To continue in a place,
to forbear departure ; to continue in a slate; to wait,
to attend ; to stop, to be long ; to dwell, to rest confi-
dent: y.
To STAY, sta, v. a. To stop, to withhold, to re-
press ; to delay, to obstruct, to hinder from progres-
sion ; to keep'froiu departure ; to prop, to support, to
hold up.
STAY, sta, *. Continuance in a place, forbearance
of departure ; stand, cessation of progression ; a stop,
an obstruction, a hinderanee from progress ; restraint,
prudence, caution ; a fixed state ; a prop, a support; a
tackling : in the plural bodtlitc.
STAYED, stade, part. adj. 222. Fixed, settled ;
serious, not volatile ; stopped.
STAYF.DLY, stadeili, ady. Composedly, gravely,
prudently, soberly.
STAYEDNLSS, stade-n£s, s. Composure, prudence,
gravity, judiciousness.
STAYER, sta-Cir, s. 98. One who stops, holds, 01
supports.
STAYLACE, sta-lase, *. A lace with which women
fasten boddice.
STAYS, staze, s. (Without a singular.) Boddice, a
kind of stiff waistcoat worn by ladies: ropes in a ship
to keep the mast from falling ; any support, any thing
that keeps another extended.
STEAD, st£d, s. '234. Room, place which another
had or might have ; use, help; the frame of a bed.—
See Instead.
Ta STEAD, steel, a. a. To help, to support, to as-
sist. Little used.
STEADFAST, st^d-fast, adj. Fast in place, firm,
fixed- constant, resolute.
STEADFASTLY, stAl-fast-le, adi>. Firmly, con-
stantly.
STEADFASTNESS, ste'd-fast-n^s, *. immutability,
fixedness ; firmness, constancy, resolution.
STEADILY, st&Ue-U}, adv. without tottering,
without shaking; without variation or irregularity.
STEADINESS, st<kW-n<?s, s. State of being not tot-
tering nor easily shaken ; firmness, constancy ; consis-
tent, unvaried conduct.
STEADY, st£tW, adj. Firm, fixed, not tottering ;
not wavering, not fickle, not changeable with regard
to resolution or attention.
STEAK, stake, j. 2-iO. A slice of fleih broiled or
fried, a collop.
To fcTKAL, stele, v. a. 227. Fret. I Stole; jtart
past. Stolen. '1 o take by theft, to take clandestinely,
to take without ri^lit ; to withdraw or convey without
notice ; to gain or effect by private means.
STE
493
STI
167, nit 163 — tibe 171, tub 172, bill 173— 311 299 — pS&nd 313— t/tin 46«T-THts 469.
STEALER, ste-l&r, s. 98. One who steals, a thief.
STEALINGLY, ste-llng-le, adv. 410. Slyly, by
invisible motion.
STEALTH, steUA, *. 234. 515. The act of steal-
ing, theft; the thing stolen; secret act, clandestine
practice.
STEALTHY, stll//^, adj. Done clandestinely, per-
formed by stealth.
STEAM, st^me, s. 227. The smoke or vapour of
any thing moist and hot.
To STEAM, st^me, v. n. To smoke or vapour with
moist heat ; to send up vapours ; to pass in vapours.
STEED, steed, s. 246. A horse for state or war.
STEEL, steel, J. 246. Steel is a kind of iron, re-
fined and hardened, of great use in the making of tools
and instruments of all kinds ; it is often used for wea-
pons or armour ; chalybeate medicines ; it is used pro-
verbially for hardness, as, heads of steel.
To STEEL, steel, v. a. To point or edge with steel ;
to make hard or firm.
STEELY, stee-le, adj. Made of steel ; hard, firm.
STEELYARD, steel-yard, s. A kind of balance, in
which the weight is moved along an iron rod, and grows
heavier as it is moved farther from the fulcrum.
JK5" This word, in common usage among those who
weigh heavy bodies, has contracted its double e into sin-
gle t, and is pronounced as if written stilyard. This
contraction is so common in compound words of this
kind as to become an idiom of pronunciation, which can-
not be easily counteracted without opposing the current
of the language.— See Principles, No. 5l5, and the word
Knowledge.
STEEP, steep, adj. 246. Rising or descending with
great inclination.
STEEP, steep, $.
Precipice, ascent or descent ap-
A P ' °ne
proaching to perpendicularity.
To STEEP, ste'ep, v. a. To soak, to macerate, to
imbue, to dip.
STEEPLE, steeipl, s. 405. A turret of a church ge-
nerally furnished with bells.
STEEPLY, steepi-le, adv. With precipitous decli-
vity.
STEEPNESS, steepines, s. Precipitous declivity.
STEEPY, stWp-ei, adj. Having a precipitous de-
clivity.
STEER, steer, s. 246. A young bullock.
To STEER, st^er, v. a. To direct, to guide a vessel
in a passage.
To STEER, steer, v. n. 246. To direct a course.
STEERAGE, steerMdje, *. 9O. The act or practice
of steering ; direction, regulation of a course ; that by
which any course is guided; regulation or manage-
ment of any thing; the stern or hinder part of the ship.
STEERSMATE, steerz-mate,
STEERSMAN, stWrziman, 88.
who steers a ship.
STEGANOGRAPHY, steg-a-nSgigraf-fe, s. 518.
The art of secret writing by characters or ciphers.
STEGNOTICK, s:eg-n6t-tik, adj. 509. Binding,
rendering costive.
STELLAR, stel-llr, adj. 88. Astral, relating to the
stars.
STELLATE, stel-late, adj. Pointed in the man-
ner ot a painted star.
STELLATION, st£l-la'shfin( s. Emission of light as
from a star.
STELLIFEROUS, stel-lIWe>-fis, adj. Having stars.
STEM, stem, s. The stalk, the twig ; family, race,
generation ; the prow or forepart of a ship.
To STEM, st£m, v. a. To opjxise a current, to pass
cross or forward notwithstanding the stream.
STENCH, stensh, 5. A violent stink.
STENOGRAPHY, s!e-n5g-graf-fe, 4. Short-hand.
STKNTOROPHONICK, steu - to - 16 - fun -Ik, adj.
Speaking loudly.
To STEP, st£p, v. n. To move by a single change
of the place of the foot ; to advance by a sudden pro-
gression ; to move mentally ; to go, to walk ; to take
a short walk ; to walk gravely and slowly.
STEP, Stip, s. Progression by one removal of the
foot; one remove in climbing; quantity of space pass-
ed or measured by one removal of the foot ; a small
length, a small space ; walk, passage, progression, act
of advancing, footstep, print of the foot ; gait, manner
of walking ; action, instance of conduct.
STEP, st5p, s. In Composition, signifies one who is
related only by marriage.
STEPPINGSTONE, ste'p-plng-stone, s. Stone laid to
catch the foot, and save it from wet or dirt.
STERCORACEOUS, ster-k<i-ra-shis, adj. 357. Be-
longing to dung.
STERCORATION, st£r-k6-ra£shun, s. The act of
dunging.
STEREOGRAPHY, steV-re-igigraf-fe, s. 518. The
art of drawing the forms of solids upon a plane.
STEREOGRAPHICK, ster-re-o-grii-ik, adj. Deli-
neated on a plane.
STEREOMETRY, ste-r4-5m-me-tn*, j. 518. The
art of measuring all sorts of solid bodies.
STEREOTYPE, _ste-re-A-tlpe, s. 534. The art of
printing from solid plates castfrom moveable types, in-
stead of printing from the types themselves.
STERIL, steVirll, adj. Barren, unfruitful, not pro-
ductive, wanting fecundity.
STERILITY, ste-r!l-e-t£, s. Barrenness, want of le-
cundity, uufruitfulne. s.
To STERILIZE, ste"r-rll-lze, v. a. To make bar-
ren, to deprive of fecundity.
STERLING, st£r-l!ng, adj. 410. An epithet by
which genuine English money is discriminated ; genu-
ine, having past the test.
STERLING, stealing, s. English coin, money ;
standard rate.
STERN, stirn, adj. -Severe of countenance"; scveie
of manners, harsh, unrelenting; hard, afflictive;
STERN, st£rn, s. The hind part of the ship where
the rudder is placed ; post of management, direction ;
the hinder part of any thing.
STERNAOE, stern-idje, s. 90. The steerage or stern.
STERNLY, st£rn-l£, adv. In a stern manner, se-
verely.
STERNNESS, st^rn-nls, s. Severity of look ; seve-
rity or harshness of manners.
STERNON, steV-nJin, s. 1 66. The breast bone.
STERNUTATION, steY-ni-taish&n, s. The act of
sneezing.
STERNUTATIVE, st£r-n&-UL-tlv, adj. Having the
quality of sneezing.
STERNUTATORY, ster-nu-t3 tfir-e, s. Medicine
that provokes to sneeze — See Domesllck, 512. 557-
To STEW, st6, v. a. To seethe any thing in a slow
moist heat.
To STEW, sti, v. n. To be seethed in a slow moist
heat.
STEW, sti, s. A bagnio, a hot-house ; a brothel, a
house of prostitution ; a storcpond, a small pond where
fish are kept for the table.
STEWARD, sth-Cird, s. 88. One who manages the
affairs of another; an officer of state.
STEWARDSHIP, stWird-ship, s. The office of a
steward.
STICK, Stlk, s. 400. A piece of wood small and
long.
To STICK, stlk, v. a. To fasten on *o as that it may
adhere.
To STICK, stlk, v. n. To adhere, to unite itself by
its tenacity or penetrating power ; to be inseparable,
to be united with any thing; to rat upon the memory
painfully, to stop, to lose motion ; to resist emission';
to be constant, to adhere with firmness ; to be trouble-
some by adhering ; to remain, not to be lost ; to dwell
upon, not to forsake; to cause difficulties or scruple ;
to scruple, to hesitate; to be stopped, to be unable to
proceed; to be embarrassed ; to be puzzled; to ^I'.ck
out, to be prominent with deformity ; to be unem-
ployed.
3 C
STI
494
STO
559. Fate73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81— m* 93, mSt 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 162, mflve 1 64,
To STICK, stlk, v. a. To stab, to pierce with a
pointed instrument ; to fix upon a pointed body ; to
fasten by translixion ; to set with something pointed.
STICKINESS, Stlk-k^-n5s, s. Adhesive quality, glu-
tinousness, tenacity.
To STICKLE, stlk-kl, v. n. 405. To take part with
one side or other ; to contest, to altercate, to contend
rather with obstinacy than vehemence ; to trim, to play
fast and loose.
SriCKLEBAG, stlk-kl-bag, s. The smallest of fresh-
water fish.
STICKLER, stik-kl-&r, s. 98. A sidesman to fen-
cers, a second to a duellist ; an obstinate contender a-
bout any thing.
STICKY, stlk-k«J, adj. Viscous, adhesive, glutinous.
STIFF, stiff, adj. Rigid, inflexible ; not soft, not
giving way, not fluid; strong, not easily resisted ; hardy,
• stubborn, not easily subdued ; obstinate, pertinacious ;
harsh, not written with ease ; constrained ; formal, ri-
gorous in certain ceremonies.
To STIFFEN, stlf-fn, v. a. 103. To make stiff, to
make inflexible, to make unpliant; to make obstinate.
To STIFFEN, stlf-fn, v. «. To grow stiff or rigid ;
to become unpliant ; to grow hard, to be hardened ; to
grow less susceptive of impression, to grow obstinate.
STIFFHEARTF.D, stlff-hirti^d, adj. Obstinate, stub-
born, contumacious.
STIFFLY, stiflWti, adv. Rigidly, inflexibly, stubbornly.
STIFFNECKED, stlflPnfikt, adj. 36(7. Stubborn, ob-
stinate, contumacious.
STIFFNESS, StlfF£n£s, ». Rigidity, inflexibility ; in-
aptitude to motion ; tension, not laxity ; obstinacy,
stubbornness, contumaciousness, unpleasing formality,
constraint; rigorousness, harshness ; manner of writing,
not easy, but harsh and constrained.
To STIFLE, stiifl, v. a. 4O5. To oppress or kill by
closeness of air, to suffocate; to keep in, to hinder from
emission ; to extinguish by artful or gentle means ; to
suppress, to conceal.
STIGMA, stlg-ma, s. 92. A brand, a maik with a
hot iron ; a mark of infamy.
STIGMATICAL, stlg-matit£-kal, ~t ~ .
STIGMATICK, stlg-matitlk, 509. J a J'
or marked with some token of infamy.
To STIGMATIZE, stlgima-tlze, v. a. To mark
with a brand, to disgrace with a note of reproach.
STILE, stile, 3. A set of steps to pass from one en-
closure to another ; a |iin to cast the shadow in a sundial
STILETTO, stll-lck-to, s. A small dagger, of which
the blade is not edged, but round, with a sharp point.
To STILL, still, v. a. To silence, to make silent
to quiet, to appease ; to make motionless.
STILL, still, adj. Silent, uttering no noise ; quiet
calm; motionless.
STILL, still, *. Calm, silence.
STILL, still, ado. To this time, till now ; neverthe
less, notwithstanding : in an increasing degree; always
ever, continually ; after that; in continuance.
STILL, still, S. A vessel for distillation, an alembick
To STILL, still, t>. a. To distil, to extract or oper-
ate upon by distillation.
STILLATITIOUS, sttl-li-tlsh fts, adj. Falling in
drops, drawn by a still.
STILLATORY, sill-li-t&r-^, s. 512. 557. AD
aleir.lncn, a vessel in which distillation is performed
the room in which stills are placed, a laboratory.
STILLBORN, still-bSrn, adj. Born lifeless, dead in
the birth.
STILL-LIFE, stllUlfe, s.
K^f Mr. Mason explains this word by " things that havi
only vegetable life." But 1 am much mistaken if Paint
crs do not use it to signify dead animals also, as fish
game, &e.
STILLNESS, stlll-nSs, 4. Calm, quiet, silence, taci
tjjrnity.
STILLY, stll-l£, adv. Silent, not loudly ; calmly
not tumultuously.
STILTS, stilts, *. Supports on which boyi rais
thenuclvci when they walk.
Branded
To STIMULATE, stlm-m6-late, v. a. To prick, to
prick forward, to excite by some pungent motive ; ill
Physick, to excite a quick sensation, with a derivation
towards the part.
STIMULATION, stlm-mu-la-shun, s. Excitement,
pungency.
To STING, sting, v. a. Pret. I Stung ; part. pass.
Stang and Stung. To pierce or wound wiih a point
darted out, as that of wasps or scorpions ; to pain a-
cutely.
JTING, Sting, s. A sharp point with which some
animals are armed ; any thing that gives pain ; thu
point in the last verse of an epigram.
STINGILY, stln-jti-li, adv. Covetously.
STINGINESS, stln-j^-n^s, s. Avarice, covetousness,
niggardliness.
SlINGLESS, stingos, adj. Having no sting.
STINGO, stlngigA, s. Old strong beer.
STINGY, Stln-je, adj. Covetous, niggardly, avaricious.
To STINK, stlngk, v. n. Pret. I Stunk or Stank.
To emit an offensive smell, commonly a smell of pu-
trefaction.
STINK, stlngk, 3. 408. Offensive smell.
STINKARD, stlngk-&rd, s. 88. A mean stii.k'mg
paltry fellow.
STINKER, stlngk-ur, s. 98. Something intended
to offend by the smell.
STINKINGLY, stlngk-lng-le, ado. 410. With a stink.
STINKPOT, silngk-pit, s. An artificial compoM-
tion offensive to the smell.
To STINT, stint, v. a. To bound, to limit, to con-
fine, to restrain, to stop.
STINT, Stint, s. Limit, bound, restraint ; a proj>or-
tion, a quantity assigned.
STIPEND, StUp^nd, s. Wages, settled pay.
STIPENDIARY, stl-p&iide-i nj, orsti-pdn-je.a-r«J,
adj. 293, 294. 376. Receiving salaries, performing any
service for a stated price.
STIPENDIARY, stl-p&n-d^-a-ri, s. One who performs
any service for a settled payment.
STIPTICAL, stlpite-kal, J
STIPTICK, stlpitlk, 509. }
to stanch blood, astringent.
To STIPULATE, stlpiph-late, r. n. To contract,
to bargain, to settle terms.
STIPULATION, stlp-ii-la-sh&n, *. Bargain.
To STIR, stfcr, ». n. 1O9. To move, to remove from
its place ; to agitate, to bring into debate ; to incite, to
instigate, to animate ; to Stir up, to incite, to put into
action.
To STIR, stur, v. n. To move one's self, to go out
of the place, to change place ; to be in motion, not to
be still ; to become the object of notice ; to rise 1U the
morning.
STIR, stir, s. Tumult, bustle ; commotion, public
disturbance; tumultuous disordei j agitation, contliet-
ing passion.
STIRP, st£rp, s. 108. Race, family, generation.
STIRRER, stur^rir, s. 98. One who is in motion;
one who puts in motion; a riser in the morning ; stir-
rer up, an inciter, an instigator.
STIRRUP, st&rirfip, s. An iron hoop suspended by
a strap, in which the horseman sets his foot when he
mounts or rides.
To STITCH, stltsh, t;. a. To sew, to work on with
a needle; to join, to unite ; to Stitch up, to mend what
was rent.
To STITCH, stltsh, v. n. To practise needlework.
STITCH, Stltsh, s. A pass of the needle and thread
through any thing ; a sharp sudden pain.
STITCHERY, stltsh-ur-e, s. Needlework.
STITCHWORT, stltsh-wCirt, s. Camomile. .
STITHY, sllTH^e, *. An anvil, the iron body on
which the smith forces hij work.
STOCCADO, stuk-ka-ui, s. A thrust with the ta-
pier— See Lumbago.
STOCK, stak, J. The trunk, the body of a piairf ,
,
Havmg the
STO
STO
nSr 167, nit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—511 299 — p<Sund 313 — llt\n 466 — THIS 469.
STOREHOUSE, stone-horse, $. A horae not cat-
the trunk into which a graft is inserted ; a log, a post;
a man proverbially stupid ; the handle of any thing ; a
support of a ship while it is building ; a thrust, a stoc-
mdo ; something made of linen, a cravat, a close neck-
cloth ; a race, a lineage, a family ; the principal, capi-
tal store, fund already provided ; "quantity, store, body ;
a fund established by the government, of which the
value ris<^ and falls by artifice or chance.
To STOCK, st5k, v. a. To store, to fill sufficiently,
to lay in store, to put in the stocks ; to Stock up, to
extirpate.
STOCKDOVE, stik^duv, *. Ringdove.
STOCKFISH, st&kiflsh, S. Dried cod, so called from
its hardness.
STOCKGILLYFLOWER, st6k-jIW-flou-ur, s. A
plant.
STOCKING, stSk-Ing, j 410. The covering of the
leg.
STOCKJOBBER, st5kij5b bur, s. One who gets mo-
ney by buying and selling in the funds.
STOCKISH, stdk-ish, adj. Hard, blockish.
STOCKLOCK, stSk-16k, s. Lock fixed in wood.
STOCKS, stoks, s. Prison for the legs.
STOCKSTII.L, StSki.stil, adj. Motionless.
STOICK, Sto-lk, s. A philosopher of the sect of
Zcuo, holding the neutrality of external things.
STOLE, stole, s. A long vest.
STOLE, stole. The jn-et. of Steal.
STOLEN, stiln, 103. Part. pass, of steal.
STOLIDITY, sto-lld-£-«, s. stupidity, want of
sense. Not used.
STOMACH, stum'muk, s. 165. 353. The ventri-
cle in which food is digested ; appetite, desire of food :
inclination, liking) anger, violence of temper; sullen-
ness, resentment ; pride, haughtiness.
To STOMACH, stum-muk, v. a. To resent to re-
member with anger and malignity.
To STOMACH, stum-muk, v. n. To be angry.
STOMACHED, stumimukt, adj. 359. Filled with
passions of resentment.
STOMACHER, stumi-mi-tshur, s. An ornamental
covering worn by women, on the breast
STOMACHFUL, stum-muk-ful, adj. Sullen, stub-
born, perverse.
STOMACHFULNESS, stumimuk-ful-nes, s. stub-
bornness, sullenne.ss.
STOMACHICAL, sto-mlk^-Hl, 7
STOMACHICK, sto-maWk, 509. $ J" '"g
to the stomach, pertaining to the stomach.
STOMACHICK, sto-mik-Ik, s. A medicine for the
stomach.
ft5> We not unfrequently hear this word pronouncec
•iomatiok ; but this pronunciation, though not conline<
to the vulgar, is so gross an irregularity as to deserve the
reprobation of every correct speaker.
STONE, stone, *. Stones are bodies insipid, hard
not ductile or malleable, not soluble in water ; piece
of stone cut for building ; gem, precious stone ; calcu
Ions concretion in the kidneys or bladder; the case
which in some fruits contains the seed; testicle; a
weight containing fourteen pound ; Stone is used by
way of exaggeration, as Stone-still, stone-dead ; to leave
no Stone unturned, to do every thing that can be done.
STONE, stone, adj. Made of Stone.
To STONE, stone, v. a. To pelt, beat, or kill with
stones ; to harden.
STONEBREAK, siineibrake, s. An herb.
STONECHATTER, stoneitshit-tur, s. A bird.
STONECROP, stonf-krop, s. A sort of tree.
STONECUTTER, stone-kCit tur, s. One whose trade
is to hew stones.
STONEFERN, st6n»*-f'3rn, s. A plant.
STONEFLY, stone-fll, s. An insect.
STONEFRUIT, stone-froot, j. Fruit of which the
seed is covered with a hard shell enveloped in the pulp.
STONEHAWK, stdneihawk, 3. A kind of hawk.
trated.
ITONKPIT, stone-pit, «. A quarry, a pit where
stones are dug.
STONEPITCH, st6ne-pltsh, *. Hard inspissated pitch.
STONEPLOVER, stone-pluv-fir, s. A bird.
STONEWORK, stone^wurk, S. Building of stone.
STONINESS, St6-n£-n£s, S. The quality of having
many stones.
STONY, sto-ne1, adj. Made of stone; abounding with
stones; petrifick; hard, inflexible, unrelenting.
STOOD, stud, 307. The ;>r<rf. of To Stand.
STOOL, stool, s. 306. A seat without a back, so
distinguished from a chair; evacuation by purgative
medicines.
SlOOLBALL, stool-bill, s. A play where balls are
driven from stool to stool.
To STOOP, stdop, v. n. 306. To bend down, to
bend forward ; to lean forward standing or walking ; to
yield, to bend ; to submit; to descend from rank or
dignity; to yield, to be inferior ; to sink from resolu-
tion or superiority ; to condescend ; to come down on
prey as a falcon ; to alight from the wing; to sink to a
lower place.
STOOP, st66p, s. Act of stooping, inclination down-
ward ; descent from dignity or superiority ; fall of a
bird upon his prey ; a vessel of liquor.
STOOPINGLY, stoop-lng-l£, adv. 410. With in-
clination downwards.
To STOP, slip, v. a. To hinder from progresses
motion ; to hinder from any change of state, whether
to better or worse ; to hinder from action ; to put an
end to the motion or action of any thing ; to suppress j
to regulate musical strings with the fingers; to close
any aperture ; to obstruct ; to encumber.
To STOP, stop, v. n. To cease to go forward.
STOP, stop, s. Cessation of progressive motion ; hin-
derance of progress, obstruction ; hinderance of action ;
cessation of action ; interruption ; prohibition of sale;
that which obstructs, obstacle, impediment; instru-
ments by which the sounds of wind musick are regu-
lated ; regulation of musical chords by the fingers ; the
act of applying the stops in musick ; a point in writ-
ing, by which sentences arc distinguished.
STOPCOCK, st&p-kok, s. A pipe made to let out
liquor, stopped by a turning cock.
STOPPAGE, st6p-pldjc, s. 90. The act of stopping,
the state of being stopped.
STOPPLE, st5p-pl, *. 405. That by which any
hole or the mouth of any vessel is filled up.
STO RAX, sto-raks, s. A tree ; a resinous and odo-
riferous gum.
STORE, stire, *. Large number, large quantity,
plenty; a stock accumulated, a supply hoarded ; the
state of being accumulated, hoard ; storehouse, maga-
zine.
STORE, st6re, adj. Hoarded, laid up, accumulated.
To STORE, stAre, v. a. To furnish, to replenish ;
to stock against a future time, to lay up, to hoard.
STOREHOUSE, store-house, s. Magazine, treasury.
STORER, st6-rur, s. 98. One who lays up.
STORIED, st6-rid, adj. 283. Adorned with histo-
rical pictures.
STORK, stork, s. A bird of passage famous for the
regularity of its departure.
STOKKSBILL, storks-bll, s. An herb.
STORM, storm, s. 167. A tempest, a commotion
of the elements ; assault on a fortified place ; coin-no-
tion, tumult, clamour; calamity, distress; violence,
vehemence, tumultuous force. — See Rules to beubscrv-
ed by the Natives of Ireland, for attaining a just Pro-
nunciation uf English, prefixed to this Dictionary.
To STORM, st6rin, j;. a. To attack by open force.
To STORM, st3rm, t>. n. To raise tempests ; to
rage, to fume, to be loudly angry.
STORMY, St5im^, adj. Tempestuous; violent, pai-
sionate.
SlOKY, sti-re1, j. History ; account of things past <
STR
496
STR
559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81— mi 93, m&t 95— pine 105, pin 107— ni 162, m3ve
•mail tale, petty narrative; an idle or trifling tale, a
petty fiction ; a floor, a flight of rooms.
To STORY, st(^r^, v. a. To tell in history, to re-
late.
STORYTELLER, sto£r£-t£l-lftr, ». One who relates
tales.
STOVE, stive, S. A hot-house, a place artificially
made warm ; a place in which, fire is made, and by
which heat is communicated.
To STOVE, stove, v. a. To keep warm in a house
artificially heated.
STOL'T, stout, adj. 313. Strong, lusty, valiant ;
brave, bold, intrepid ; obstinate, resolute, proud ;
strong, firm.
STOUT, st6ftt, «. A cant name for strong beer.
STOUTLY, stout-Id, adv. Lustily, boldly, obsti-
nately.
STOUTNESS, stS&tine's, s. Strength, valour; bold-
ness, fortitude; obstinacy, stubbornness.
To STOW, st6, v. a. 324. To lay up, to reposit
in order, to lav in the proper place.
STOWAGE, stoMdje, s. 9O. Room for laying up ;
the state of being laid up.
To STRADDLE, strad^dl, v. n. 405. To stand or
walk with the feet removed far from each other to the
right and left.
To STRAGGLE, strag-gl, v. n. 405. To wander
without any certain direction, to rove, to ramble, to
wander dispersedly ; to exuberate, to shoot too far ; to
be dispersed, to be apart from any main body.
STRAGGLER, strag-gl-fir, s. 98. A wanderer, a
rover, one who forsakes his company ; any thing that
pushes beyond the rest, or stands single.
STRAIGHT, strate, adj. 202. 393. Not crooked,
right ; narrow, close.
STRAIGHT, strate, adv. 249. Immediately, directly.
To STRAIGHTEN, stra-tn, v. a. 103. To make
straight.
STRAIGHTNESS, stratein&s, s. Rectitude, the con-
trary to crookedness.
STRAIGHTWAYS, strate-waze, adv. Immediately,
straight.
To STRAIN, strane, v. a. 202. To squeeze through
something ; to purify by filtration ; to squeeze in an
embrace ; to sprain, to weaken by too much violence ;
to put to its utmost strength ; to uiake*traight or tense ;
to push beyond the proper extent; to force, to con-
strain, to make uneasy or unnatural.
To STRAIN, strane, »>. n. To make violent efforts ;
to be filtered by compression.
STRAIN, strane, j. An injury by too much vio-
lence; race, generation, descent; hereditary disposi-
tion ; a style or manner of speaking j song, note, sound ;
rank, character ; turn, tendency.
STRAINER, stra-nur, j. 98. An instrument of filtra-
tion.
STRAIT, strate, adj. 202. Narrow, close, not wide ;
close, intimate; strict, rigorous; difficult, distressful ;
it is used in opposition to crooked, but is then more
properly written Straight.
STRAIT, strate, s. A narrow pass, or frith ; dis-
tress, difficulty.
To STRAIT, strate, v. a. To put to difficulties.
To STRAITEN, strain, v. a. 103. To make nar-
row ; to contract, to confine ; to make tight, to intend ;
to deprive of necessary room ; to distress, to perplex.
STRAITLY, strate-te, adv. Narrowly ; rtrictly, ri-
gorously; closely, intimately.
STRAITNESS, stratei.ne's, s. Narrowness, strictness,
rigour; distress; difficult)-; want, scarcity.
STRATTLACEU, strateilaste, adj. 359. stiff, con-
strained, without freedom.
STRAND, strand, s. The verge of the sea or of any
water.
To STRAND, strand, v. a. To drive or force u|<on
the shallows.
STKANGE, stranje. adj. Foreign, of another coun-
try, not domettitk ; wonderful, causing wonder, odd,
Irregular; unknown, new ; uncommonly good or bad i
unacquainted. — See Change.
STRANGE, stranje, interj. An expression of won-
der.
STRANGELY, stranje-le', adv. With *ome relation
to foreigners ; wonderfully, in a way to cause wonder.
STRANGENESS, stranjeine's, s. Foreignness, the
state of belonging to another country ; uncommunica-
tiveness, distance of behaviour ; remoteness from com
mon apprehension; mutual dislike; wonderfulness,
power of raising wonder.
STRANGER, stranij&r, s. 98. A foreigner, one of
another country ; one unknown ; a guest, one not a
domestick; one unacquainted; one not admitted to
any communication or fellowship.
To STRANGER, stran£jur, v. a. To estrange, to
alienate. Not used.
To STRANGLE, strangigl, v. a. 405. To choak ;
to suffocate, to kill by intercepting the breath ; to sup-
press, to hinder from birth or appearance.
STRANGI.EH, strang-gl-ur, s. 98. One who
strangles.
STRANGLES, strang-glz, s. Swellings in a horse's
throat.
STRANGULATION, strang-gu-laishun, *. The act
of strangling, suffocation.
STRANGURY, strang-gu-r<*, s. A difficulty of u-
rine attended with pain.
STRAP, strap, s. A narrow long slip of cloth or
leather.
STRAPPADO, strap-psi-do, s. Chastisement by blows.
—See Lumbago.
STRAPPING, strap-ping, adj. 410. Vast, large,
bulky.
STRATA, stra-ta, s. 92. Plur. of ^tratum. Beds,
layers — «ee Drama
STRATAGEM, strat-tA j5m, s. An artifice in war,
a trick by which an enemy is deceived; an artifice, a
trick.
STRATOCRACY, stra-tokira-s£, s. 518. A raiiw
tary government.
STRATUM, stra-t&m, *. A bed, a layer.
STRAW, straw, s. 219. The stalk on which com
grows, and from which it is thrashed ; any thing pro-
verbially worthless.
STRAWBERRY, strawib£r-r£, s. A plant, the fruit
S'fRAWBUILT, strawibllt, adj. Made up of straw.
STRAWCOLOURED, strawikal-urd, adj. Of a light
yellow.
STRAWWORM, straw-wurm, s. A worm bred in
straw.
STRAWY, straw-e', adj. Made of straw, consisting
of straw.
To STRAY, stra, v. n. 220. To wander, to rove;
to rove out of the way ; to err, to deviate from th«
right.
STRAY, Stra, S. Any creature wandering beyond
its limits, any thing lost by wandering ; act ot wan-
dering.
STREAK, strike, s. 227. A line of colour different
from that of the ground.
To STREAK, strike, v. a. To stripe, to variegate
in hues, to dapple.
STREAKY, streik^, adj. Striped, variegated by hues.
STREAM, stre'me, S. 227. A running water ; the
course of running water, current; any thing issuing
from a head, and moving forward with continuity of
parts ; any thing forcible and continued.
To STREAM, str&ne, v. n. To flow, to run in a
continuous current ; to flow with a current, to pour out
water in a stream ; to issue forth with continuance.
STREAMER, stri-mur, $. 98. An ensign, a flag, a
pennon.
STREAMY, stre^m£, adj. Abounding in running wa-
ter ; flowing with a current.
STREET, street, s. 246. A way, properly a paved
way between two rows of houses ; proverbially, a pul>
lick place.
STR
49T
STR
nor 167, n&t 163— thbe 171, tfib 172, bill 173— 411 299— poind 313— thin 466— THIS 4691
Strike off, to erase from a reckoning or account ; to se-
parate by a blow ; to Strike out, to produce by colli-
sion ; to blot, to efface ; to bring to light, to form at
once by a quick effort.
o STRIKE, strike, v. n. To make a blow ; to
collide, to clash ; to act by repeated percussion ; to
sound by the stroke of a hammer ; to make an attack ;
to sound with blows ; to be dashed upon shallows, to
STREETWALKER, street^wa-kfir, t. A common
prostitute that offers herself to sale.
STRENGTH, str&ngt/t, s. Force, vigour, power of the
body; power of endurance, firmness, durability; vi-
gour of any kind; potency of liquors; fortification, for-
tress; armament, force, power; argumentative force.
|f5" This word and its compounds arc often errone-
ously pronounced as if written strenth, streiithen, &c. ;
the same may be observed of length, lengthen, &c. ; but
this, it may be observed, is a pronunciation which obtains
chiefly in Ireland, and is unquestionably improper.
I'o STRENGTHEN, str£ng-Mn, v. a. To make
strong; to confirm, to establish ; to animate, to fix in
resolution ; to make to increase in power or security.
To STRENGTHEN, str£ng-thn, v. n. To grow strong.
STRENGTHENER, str&ng-tlm-tir, s. That which
gives strength, that which makes strong ; in Medicine,
strengthened add to the bulk and firmness of the solids.
STRENGTHLESS, str£ng<A-l£s, adj. Wanting
strength, deprived of strength ; wanting potency, weak.
STRENUOUS, stre'n-u-fts, adj. Brave, bold, active
valiant; zealous, vehement.
STRENUOUSLY, str^n'6-fis-li, adv. Vigorously,
actively ; zealously, vehemently, with ardour.
STREPEROUS, str£p^r-&s, adj. Loud, noisy.
STRESS, str£s, s. Importance, important part ; vio-
lence, force, either acting or suffered.
To STRETCH, struts!), v. a. To extend, to spread
out to a distance ; to expand, to display, to strain to the
utmost ; to carry by violence farther than is right.
To STRETCH, str£tsh, v. n. To be extended ; to
bear extension without rupture ; to sally beyond the
truth.
STRETCH, streUsh, s. Extension, reach, occupation
of more space; force of body extended ; effort, struggle
from the act of running ; utmost extent of meaning
utmost reach of power.
STRETCHER, stretsh-&r, s. 98. Any thing used fo:
extension ; the timber against which the rower plant
his foot.
To .STREW, stro, v. a. 266. To spread by bein
scattered ; to spread by scattering ; to scatter loosely.
STREWMENT, stro-ment, *• Any thing scatteret
in decoration.
STRICKEN, striken, 1 03. The ancient part, o
Strike.
STRICKLE, strlkikl, 3. 405. That which strikes th
com to level it with the bushel.
STRICT, strlkt, adj. Exact, accurate, rigorous!
nice ; severe, rigorous ; confined, not extensive ; close
tight; tense, not relaxed.
STRICTLY, strikt-ld, adv. Exactly, with rigorou
accuracy ; rigorously, severely, without remission
STRICTNESS, strlktine's, s. Exactness, rigorous ac
curacy, nice regularity ; severity, rigour.
STRICTURE, strlkitshfire, s. 46:3. A stroke,
touch; contraction, closure by contraction; a sligl
touch upon thp subject, not a set discourse.
STRIDE, stride, s. A long step, a step taken wit
great violence, a wide stretch of the legs.
To STRIDE, stride, v. n. Fret. I strode, or strid
part. pass. Stridden. To walk with long steps ; to stan
with trie legs far from each other.
2V STRIDE, stride, v. a. To pass by a step.
STRIDULOUS, strid-jii-l&s, adj. 294. 376. Mak
ing a small noise.
STRIFE, strife, s. Contention, contest, discord
contrariety.
STRIFEFUL, strlftiful, adj. Contentious, discordan
To STRIKE, strike, v. a. Pret. I Struck, or Strook
part. pass. Struck, Strucken, Stricken. To act upo
by a blow, to hit with a blow ; to dash, to throw by
quick motion; to notify by thesound of a hammer on
bell; to stamp, to impress; to punish, to afflict; toco
tract, to lower, to vail, as, to Strike sail, or to Strike
flag ; to alarm, to put into motion ; to make a bargain
to produce by a sudden action ; to affect suddenly '
any particular manner ; to cause to sound by blows;
forge, to mint : it is used in the participle for advai
«d in ysars, as, well Struck or Stricken in years;
be stranded; to pass with a quick or strong effect ; to
pay homage, as by lowering the sail ; to be put by some
sudden act or motion into any state ; to Strike in with,
to conform, to suit itself to ; to Strike out, to spread
or rove, to make a sudden excursion.
TRIKER, strl^k&r, s. 98. One who strikes.
TRIKING, striking, part. adj. 410. Affecting,
surprising.
iTRING, string, S. 410. A slender rope, a small
cord, any slender and flexible band ; a thread on which
many things are filed ; any set of things filed on a line ;
the chord of a musical instrument ; a small fibre, a
nerve, a tendon ; the nerve of the bow; any concatenar
tion or series, as a string of propositions ; to have two
Strings to the bow, to have two views or two expedients.
To STRING, string, v. a. Pret. I Strang; part,
pati. Strung. To furnish with strings; to put a string-
ed instrument in tune ; to tile on a string ; to make-
tense.
STRINGED, strlngd, adj. 359. Having strings,
produced by strings.
STRINGENT, strln-j^nt, adj. Binding, contracting.
STRINGHALT, string-halt, s. A sudden twitching
and snatching up of the hinder leg of a horse, much
higher than the other.
iTRINGLESS, strlng-LSs, adj. Having no strings.
STRINGY, string'^, adj. Fibrous, consisting of smaB
threads.— See Springy.
To STRIP, strip, v. a. To make naked, to deprive
of covering; to deprive, to divest ; to rob, to plunder,
to pillage ; to peel, to decorticate; to deprive of all ;
to take off covering; to cast off; to separate from
something adhesive or connected.
STRIP, strip, s. A narrow shred.
To STRIPE, stripe, v. a. To variegate with lines of
different colours.
STRIPE, stripe, s. A lineary variation of colour ;
a shred of a different colour ; a wca^ or discoloration
made by a lash or blow ; a blow, a lash.
STRIPLING, strip-ling, s. 410. A youth, one in
the state of adolescence.
£5» Dr. Johnson tells us, that this word is of uncertain
etymology ; but in my opinion, Skinner very naturally
derives it from a boy in the state in which he is subject
to stripe*.
To STRIVE, strive, v. n. Pret. I Strove, rnciently
I Strived ; part. pass. Striven. To struggle, to labour,
to make an effort ; to contest, to contend, to struggle
in opposition to another ; to vie, to emulate.
STRIVER, stri-vfir, s. One who labours, one who
contends.
STROKE, stroke. Old pret. of Strike, now com-
monly Struck.
STROKE, stroke, s. A blow, a knock, a sudden act
of one body upon another ; a hostile blow ; a sudden
disease or affliction ; the sound of the clock ; the touch
of the pencil; a touch, a masterly or eminent effort;
an effect suddenly or uuexpectedly produced ; power,
efficacy.
To STROKE, Strike, t>. a. To rub gently with the
hand by way of kindness or endearment ; to rub gentty
in one direction.
To STROLL, strole, v. n. 406. To wander, to
ramble, to rove.
STROLLER, str6l-l&r, s. 98. A vagrant, a wanderer,
a vagabond.
STROND, strond, s. The beach, the bank. Obsolete.
STRONG, Str&iig, adj. Vigorous, forceful, of great
ability of body ; fortified, secure from attack ; power-
ful, mighty ; supplied with forces; hale, healthy ; for-
cibly acting on the imagination ; eager; zealous; full,
having any quality in a great degree ; potent, intoxi-
cating ; having a deep tincture; affecting the smrU
pOWVfuHv ; hard of digestion, not easily uutriiueuuU-
STU 498 STU
»5- 559. FAte 73, fir 77, fill 83, fat 81 — mi 93, tn£t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 109, mfae 16<,
furnished with abilities for any thin? ; valid, confirm-
ed ; violent, vehement, forcible ; cogent, conclusive;
firm, compact, not soon broken; forcibly written.
STRONGFISTED, string-flsti£d, adj. Strong-
handed.
STRONGLY, str5ng-l£, adv. Powerfully, forcibly ;
wrilh strength, with firmness, in such a manner as to
last ; vehemently, forcibly, eagerly.
STRONGWATER, strAngiwi-tur, *. Distilled spirits.
STROOK, strAAk. The old pret. of Strike, used in
Poetry for Struck.
STROPHE, strife, s. 96. A stanza.
STROVE, strAve. The pret. of Strive.
To STROW, StrA, v. n. 266. 324. To spread by
being scattered; to spread by scattering, to besprinkle ;
to spread ; to scatter, to throw at random.
To STROW L, strAle, v. n. To range, to wander.
Now written Stroll.
STRUCK, struk. The pret. and part, pass- of Strike.
STRUCTURE, strik-tshure, *. 463. Act of build-
ing, practice of building, manner of building, form,
make; edifice, building.
To STRUGGLE, strngigl, v. n. 4O5. To labour,
to act with effort ; to strive, to contend, to contest; to
labour in difficulties, to be in agonies or distress.
STRUGGLE, strfig-gl, s. 405. Labour, effort, con-
test, contention ; agony, tumultuous distress.
STRUMA, strAA^ma, s. 339. 92. A glandular
•welling, the king's evil.
STRUMOUS, strAA^mfis, adj. 314. Having swell-
ing in the glands.
STRUMPET, struui^plt, *. 99. A whore, a prosti-
tute.
STRUNG, strung. The pret. and part. pass, of
String.
To STRUT, strut, v. n. To walk with affected dig-
nity ; to swell, to protuberate.
STRUT, Strut, s. An affectation of stateliness in the
walk.
STUB, stub, s. A thick short stock left when the
rest Is cut off; a log, a block.
To STUB, stub, v. a. To force up, to extirpate.
STUBBED, st^-bed, adj. 366. Truncated, short
and thick.
STUBBEDNESS, stubib3d-ne:s, s. The *tate of be-
ing short, thick, and truncated.
STUBBLE, stub^bl, s. 405. The stalks of corn left
in the field by the reaper.
STUBBORN, stubiburn, adj. 166. Obstinate, i..
flexible, contumacious ; persisting, j^rsevering, steady ;
stiff, inflexible; hardy, firm ; harsh, rough, rugged.
STUBBORNLY, stCib-burn-le, adv. Obstinately,
contumaciously, inflexibly.
STUBBORNNESS, stub'burn-n3s, j. Obstinacy, vi-
cious stoutness, contumacy.
STUBBY, stub^b^, auj. Short and thick, short and
strong.
STUBNAIL, stubinale, S. A nail broken off.
STUCCO, Stuk-kA, s. A kind of fine plaster for walls.
STUCK, st&k. The pret. and part. jmss. of Stick.
STUD, Stud, s. A post, a stake ; a nail with a large
head driven for ornament; a collection of breeding
horses and mares.
To STUD, stud, v. a. To adorn with studs or knobs.
STUDENT, stu-dt5nt, s. A man given to books, a
bookish man.
STUDIED, stud-Id, adj. 283. Learned, versed in
any study, qualified by study.
STUDIER, stud^-ur, s. One who studies.
STUDIOUS, stu^de-us, or stu£j£-us, adj. 293,
294. 376. Given to books and contemplation, given
to learning ; diligent, busy ; attentive to, careful ; con-
templative, suitable to meditation.
STUDIOUSLY, stuid£-fis-I£, or stuije-Qs-1^, adv.
Contemplatively, with close application to literature ;
diligently, caiefully, attentively.
STUDIOUSNF.SS, stuid£-us-n<?s, or stu-j£-us n£s,
*. Addiction to study.
STUDY, stJuW, s. Application of mind to book*
and learning; perplexity, deep cogitation ; attention,
meditation, contrivance; any particular kind of learn-
ing ; apartment set off for literary employment.
To STUDY, stud-4, v. n. To think with very close
application, to muse; to endeavour diligently.
To STUDY, stid^, v. a. To apply the mind; to
consider attentively ; to learn by application.
STUFF, Stuff, s. Any matter or body ; materials out
of which any thing is made; furniture, goods; that
which fills any thing; essence, elemental part; any
mixture or medicine ; cloth or texture of any kind ;
texture of wool thinner and slighter than cloth ; mat-
ter or thing held in contempt or dislike.
To STUFF, stuff, v. a. To fill very full with any
thing ; to fill to uneasiness ; to thrust into any thing ; to
fill by being put into any thing ; to swell out by some-
thing thrust in ; to fill with something improper or su-
perfluous: to obstruct the organs of scant or respira-
tion ; to fill meat with something of high relish.
To STUFF, stuff, v. n. To feed gluttonously.
STUFFING, Stuffing, s. 410. That by which any
thing is filled ; relishing ingredients put into meat.
STULTILOQUENCE, stul-tiWA-kwiitose, s. 518.
Foolish talk.
STULTILOQUY, st&l-tll-A-kwe, s. The same at
StultUoqutnce.
To STULTIFY, Stul-t^-fi, v. a. To prove void ot
understanding.
STUM, stum, s. Wine yet unfermented ; new win*
used to raise fermentation in dead and vapid wines ;
wine revived by a new fermentation.
To STUM, stum, v. a. To renew wine by mixing
fresh wine and raising a navr fermentation.
To STUMBLE, stum-bl, v. it. 4O5. To trip in
walking ; to stop, to err, to slide into crimes or blun-
ders ; to strike against by chance, to light on by chance.
To STUMBLE, stum-bl, v. a. To obstruct in pro-
gress, to make to trip or stop ; to make to boggle, to
offend.
STUMBLE, stumibl, i. A trip in walking ; a blun-
der, a failure.
STUMBLER, stumibl-fir, s. 98. One that stumbles.
STUMBLINGBLOCK, sturu-bllng-blAk, 410. )
STUMBLINGSTONE, stum-bling-stAue, j
Cause of stumbling, cause of offence.
STUMP, stump, s. The part of any solid body re-
maining after the rest is taken away.
STUMPY, stump^, adj. Full of stumps, hard, stiff.
To STUN, stun, t>. a. To confound or dizzy with
noise ; to make senseless or dizzy with a blow.
STUNG, stung. The pret. and part. pass, of Sting.
STUNK, stungk. The pret. of Stink.
To STUNT, stunt, v. a. To hinder from growth.
STUPE, stupe, S. Cloth or flax dipped in warm me-
dicaments, applied to a hurt or sore.
To STUPE, stipe, v. a. To foment, to dress with
stupes.
STUPEFACTION, stii-p^-filkishun, *. Insensibili-
ty, dulness, stupidity.
STUPEFACTIVE, stu-pe-fak-tlv, adj. Causing ii»-
sensibility, dulling, obstructing the senses.
STUPENDOUS, st6-p£n^dus, adj. Wonderful, a-
mazing, astonishing.
J£> By an inexcusable negligence, this word and tre-
mendous are frequently pronounced as if written stupm-
dioia and tremendiuui, even by those speakers who, iu
other respects, are not incorrect. They ought to remem-
ber, that compendious and tquipondious are the only
words ending in nliuus.
STUPID, stu-pld, adj. Dull, wanting sensibility,
wanting apprehension, heavy, sluggish of understand-
ing: perfoimed without skill" or genius.
STUPIDITY, st6-pUW-te, *. Dulness, heaviness of
mind, sluggishness of understanding.
STUPIDLY, stii-pid-lti, adv. With suspensioa at
SUB
499
SUB
nor 167, n&l 163 — tiibe 171, tib 172, bull 173—611 299— p34nd 813 — tfiin 466— TH!S 4C9.
inactivity of understanding j dully, without apprehen-
sion.
STUPIFIER, st6-pd-fl-&r, s. 98. That which causes
stupidity.
To STUPIFY, stu-p^-fl, v. a. 183. To make stu-
pid, to deprive of sensibility.
STUPOR, stii-pSr, s. 166.
nution of sensibility.
S'.isj>ension or dimi-
To STUPRATE, stu-prate, v- a. To ravish, to violate.
STUPRATION, sti-pra-sh&n, s. Rape, violation.
STURDILY, stur^di-1^, adv. stoutly, hardily ; ob-
stinately, resolutely.
SrURDINESS, st&r^d^-n^s, s. Stoutness, hardiness,
brutal strength.
STURDY, st&rid£, adv. Hardy, stout, brutal, obsti-
nate; strong, forcible, stiff, stout.
STURGEON, st&rij&n, s. 259. A sea-fish.
STURK, st&rk, s. A young ox or heifer.
To STUTTER, st&t-t&r, v. n. 98. To speak with
hesitation, to stammer.
STUTTER, st&tit&r, s. 98. A stammer.
STUTTERER, stut-t&r-ur, s. A stammerer.
STY, stl, s. A cabin to keep hogs in ; any place of
bestial debauchery.
To STY, stl, v. a. To shut up in a sty.
STYGIAN, stid-j^-in, adj. Hellish, infernal, per-
taining to Styx, one of the poetical rivers.
STYLE, stile, s. Manner of writing with regard to
language; manner of speaking appropriate to particu-
lar characters ; title, appellation ; a pointed iron used
anciently in writing on tables of wax ; any thing with
a sharp point, as a graver, the pin of a dial ; the stalk
which rises from amid the leaves of a flower ; Style of
court is properly the practice observed by any court in
its way of proceeding.
To STYLE, sttle, v. a. To call, to term, to name.
STYPTICK, stlpitlk, adj. The same as astringent,
but generally expresses the most efficacious sort of as-
tringents, or those which are applied to stop haemorr-
hages.
STYPTICITY, stlp-tis^-t^, s. The power of stanch-
ing blood.
SUASIVE, swa-slv, adj. 428. Having power to
persuade. Little used.
SUASORY, swa's&r-^, adj. 429- 512.
tendency to persuade. — See Domcstick, 557.
Having
SUAVITY, swiv^-t^, s. 511. Sweetness to the
senses ; sweetness to the mind.
SUB, s&b. In Composition, signifies a subordinate de-
gree.
SuBACID, sub-Ss-sld, adj. Sour in a small degree.
SUBACRID, s&b-ak-krld, ailj. Sharp and pungent
in a small degree.
To SUBACT, s6b-ikt/ v. a. To reduce, to subdue.
Si'BACTiON, s&b-akishun, ». The act of reduc-
ing to any state.
SUBALTERN, sib-al-t£rn, adj. Inferior, subor-
dinate.
SUBALTERN, s&b-al-t£rn, s. An inferior, one act-
ing under another ; it is used in the army to all officers
below a captain.
SUBASTRINGENT, s&b-as strln-jSnt, adj. Astrin-
geut in a small degree.
SuBBEADLE, sub-bti-dl, « An under beadle.
SUBCELESTIAL, s&b-sd-l£s-tshal, adj. Placed be-
neath the heavens.
SfBCHANTER, s&b-tslian-tur, s. The deputy of the
precentor in a cathedral.
SUBCLAVIAN, sub-kla-vti-an, adj. Under the arm-
pit or shoulder.
SUBCONSTELLATION, s&b-k6n-st£l-laisliOn, s. A
subordinate or secondary constellation.
SUBCONTRARY, sub-k&n-tra-nJ, adj.
in an inferior degree.
Contrary
SUBCUTANEOUS, sfib-kfr-tatn^-ds, adj. Lying
under the skin.
SuBDEACON, sfib-d^-kn, s. 170. In the Roman
Church, is the deacon's servant
SuBDEAN, s&b-d£ne,' S. The vicegerent of a dean.
SUBDECUPLE, sftb-d£k-k6-pl, adj. Containing
one part of ten.
SUBDITITIOUS, sfib-d^-tlsh-fis, adj. Put secretly
in the place of something else.
To SUBDIVERSIFY, s&b-d£-v£ris£-fl, v. a. To di-
versify again what is already diversified.
To SUBDIVIDE, s&b-di-vlde,' v. a. To divide a
part into yet more parts.
SUBDIVISION, s&b-de-vlzhiin, 5. The act of sub-
dividing ; the parts distinguished by a second division.
SuBDOLOUS, sub^dA-l&s, adj. SOS. Cunning, sub-
tle, sly.
To SUBDUCE, s&b-d&se' 7
ii_ jii j . v. a. To withdraw, to
To SUBDUCT, sib-d&kt,' ^
take away ; to subtract by arithmetical operation.
SuBDUCTlON, sub-dfikish&n, s. The act of tak-
ing away ; arithmetical subtraction.
To SUBDUE, s&b-dft,' v. a. To crush, to oppose,
to sink ; to conquer, to reduce under a new dominion ;
to tame, to subact
SUBDUEE., s&b-di-&r, $. 98. Conqueror, tamer.
SuBDUMENT, s&b-dii-m§ut, s. Conquest. Not
used.
SUBDUPLE, s&bidi-pl, 405. ? ,.
SUBDUPLICATE, s&b-di-pl^-kate, £ "*
taining one part of two.
SUBJACENT, s&b-ja-s^nt, adj. Lying under.
To SUBJECT, s&b-j^kt,' v. a. 492. To put under;
to reduce to submission, to make subordinate, to make
submissive; to enslave, to make obnoxious; to ex
pose, to make liable ; to submit, to make accountable ;
to make subservient
SUBJECTED, sib-j3kit£d, part. adj. Put under,
reduced to submission, exposed, made liable to.
. very improper though a very prevailing misao-
ccntuation of the passive participle of the word to subject,
has obtained, which ought to be corrected. All the ai>-
thorities in Johnson place the accent of subjected on the
same syllable as the verb, except one from Milton :
" He mbjected to man's serrioe angel wings."
But in another passage Milton accents this word as it
ought to be, even when an adjective :
-Theange!
SUBCONTRACTED, sub-kin-tr^k't^d, part. adj.
Contracted after a former contract.
" Led them direct and down the clift as fast
" To the lukjcdcd plain.
But as the word subjtct is an adjective as well as a verb,
and when an adjective it has always the accent on the first
syllable, so the participle has not only caught the accent
of the adjective, but, as one error commonly generates
another, seems to have communicated the impropriety to
the verb; which we sometimes hear, contrary to all ana-
logy and authority, accented on the first syllable like-
wise. These improprieties are easily corrected at first,
and in my opinion they are not yet so rooted as to make
correctness look like pedantry.
SUBJECT, s&bij^kt, adj. Placed or situated under ;
living under the dominion of another; exposed, li-
able, obnoxious ; being that on which any action ope-
rates.
SUBJECT, s&b'j^kt, s. 492. One who lives under
the dominion of another ; that on which any operation
either mental or materi*! is performed ; that in which
anything inheres or exists; in Grammar, the nomi-
native case to a verb is called, by grammarians, tlte
Subject of the verb.
SUBJECTION, sfib-j^kish&n, *. The act of subdu-
ing ; the state of being under government
SUBJECTIVE, s&b-j5kitlv, adj. Relating not to the
object, but to the subject.
SUBINGRESSION, sub-In-gr5sh-&n, s. Secret en-
trance.
To SUBJOIN, s&b-jSIn/ v. a. To add at the end,
to add afterwards.
SUBITANEOUS, s&b <*-tain«i-is, adj. 314. Sudden,
SUB
500
SUB
559. Fate 73, fli 77, fill 83, fill 8! — m«* 93, m&t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n6 162, m5ve 164,
To SUBJUGATE, s&bfj&-gate, v. a. To1 conquer,
to subdue ; to bring under dominion by force.
SUBJUGATION, sub-ju-gi^sli&n, *. The act of
subduing.
SUBJUNCTION, s&b-jungk'sh&n, j. The state of
being subjoined ; the act of subjoining.
SUBJUNCTIVE, sub-j&ngk^tlv, adj. Subjoined to
something else.
SUBLAPSARIAN, s&b Up-sa^re-an, s. One who
holds that the Divine Being, in the choice which he
made of his people, considered them as fallen.
SUBLAPSARY, s&b-lapisa-r^, adj. Done after the
fall of man.
SUBLATION, s&b-laish&n, j. The act of taking
away.
SUBLEVATION, s&b-le-vaishfin, s. The act of rais-
ing on high.
SUBI.IMABLE, s&b-lUma-bl, adj. Possible u> be
sublimed.
SUBLIMABLENESS, s&b-ll-ma-bl-nes, s. Quality
of admitting sublimation.
SUBLIMATE, subtle-mat, *. 91. Any thing raised
by fire in the retort ; quicksilver raised in the retort.
To SUBLIMATE, subtle-mate, v.. a. 91. To raise
bv the force of chymical fire; to exalt, to heighten, to
elevate.
SUBLIMATION, s&b-l£-maish&n, s. A chymical o-
peration which raises bodies in the vessel by the force
of fire; exaltation, elevation, act of heightening or im-
proving.
SUBLIME, s&b-blime,' adj. High in place, exalted,
aittt, high in excellence, exalted by nature; high in
style or sentiment, lofty, grand; elevated by joy;
naughty, proud.
SUBLIME, sub-bHme,' s. The grand or lofty style.
To SUBLIME, sub-blime,' v. a. To raise by a chy-
mical fire ; to raise on high ; to exalt, to heighten, to
improve.
To SUBLIME, s&b-blime,' v. n. To raise in the
chymical vessel by the force of fire.
SUBLIMELY, s&b-blimeil^, adv. Loftily, grandly.
SUBLIMITY, s&b-blimie-te, s. Height of place,
local elevation ; height of nature, excellence; loftiness
of style or sentiment.
SuBLINGUAL, s&b-lingigw&l, adj. Placed under
the tongue.
SUBLUNAR, sub-luinar, >
SUBLUNARY, subilu-nar-e, J adJ' ^™ied •*•
ueath the moon, earthly, terrestrial.
ft5- Accenting the word sublunary on the first syllable
can only be accounted for on the principles laid down,
No. 5(\>, and under the words Academy, Incomparable,
Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Buchanan, W.
Johnston, Mr. Perry, Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Barclay, and
Entick, accent the first; and Bailey and Penning only,
the second syllable.
SUBMARINE, s&b-ma-reen,' adj. Lying or acting
under the sea.
To SUBMERGE, sfib-meVje/ v. a. To drown, to put
under water.
SUBMERSION, s&b-merish&n, $. The act of drown-
ing, stale of being drowned ; the act of putting wider
water.
To SUBMINISTER, sub-mln9s-t&r, )
To SUBMINISTRATE, sub-miii-Is-trate, C "' a'
To supply, to afford.
To SUBMINISTER, s&b-mlniis-t&r, v. n. To sub-
serve.
SUBMISS, s&b-mls/ adj. Humble, submissive, obse-
quious.
SUBMISSION, s&b-mlshi&n, s. Delivery of himself
to the power of another ; acknowledgment of inferiori-
ty or dependence ; acknowledgment of a fault, confes.
sion of error, obsequiousness, resignation, obedience.
SUBMISSIVE, sfib-mkislv, adj. 428. Humble, tes-
tifying submission or inferiority.
Su 15MISSI VELY, sub-m!sisiv-le, adv. Humbly, with
confession of inferiority.
SUBMISSIVENESS, s&b-mls-slv-n&s, ». 158. Hu-
mility, confession of fault, or inferiority.
SUBMISSLY, sub-mis^-le, adv. Humbly, with sub-
mission.
To SUBMIT, s&b-mlt/ v. a. To let down, to sink ;
to resign to authority ; to leave to discretion, to refer
to judgment.
To SUBMIT, sub-mlt,' v. n. To be subject, to ac-
quiesce in the authority of another, to yield.
SUBMULTIPLE, s&b-m&Ute-pl, s. A submu!tip!e
number or quantity is that which is contained in an-
other number a certain number of times exactly ; thus,
three is the Submultiple of twenty-one, as being con-
tained in it exactly seven times.
SUBOCTAVE, s6b-6kitave, ^ adj. Containing oae
SuBOCTUPLE, sub-6k-tu-pl, $ part of eight.
SUBORDINACY, sub-dride-na-s£, 7
SUBORDINANCY, s&b-Sr-d£-nan-si, $ **
state of being subject ; series of subordination.
SUBORDINATE, s&b-or^de-nat, ad}. 91. Inferior
in order ; descending in a regular scries.
SUBORDINATELY, s&b-orid£-nat-l£, adv. In a
scries regularly descending.
SUBORDINATION, sfib-5r-d£-na-shun, s. The
state of being inferior to another ; a series regularly de-
scending.
To SUBORN, s6b-6rn,' v. a. To procure privately,
to procure by secret collusion ; to procure by indirect
means.
SUBORNATION, s&b-Sr-naisbun, s. The crime ol
procuring any to do a bad action.
SUBORNER, s6b-6rin&r, i. 98. One that procures
a bad action to be done.
SU£P(ENA, sub-p^-na, s. 92. A writ commanding
attendance in a court, under a penalty.
g5" This, like most other technical words, is often cor-
rupted into Svrpena — See Cleff.
SUBQUADRUPLE, s&b-kw&didru-pl, adj. Contain-
ing one part of four.
SUBQCINTUPLE, S&b-kwlnit6-pl, adj. Containing
one part of five.
SUERECTOR, s&b-rlkit&r, s. 166. The rector's
vicegerent.
SUBREPTION, sfib-ripish&n, «. The act of obtain-
ing a favour by surprise or unfair representation.
SURREPTITIOUS, s&b-r^p-tish-us, atlj. Fraudu-
lently obtained.
To SUBSCRIBE, sub-skribe/ ». a. To give consent
to, by underwriting the name ; to attest by writing the
name; to contract, to limit, not used in this last sense.
SUBSCRIBER, s&b-skrl-bar, s. 98. One who. sub-
scribes ; one who contributes to any undertaking.
SUBSCRIPTION, s&b-skrlp-shun, s. Any thing un-
derwritten ; consent or attestation given by ymderwrit-
ing the name; the act or state of contributing to any
undertaking ; submission, obedience. Not used in this
last sense.
SUBSECTION, s&b-s^k^sh&n, s. A subdivision of a
larger section into a lesser. A section of a section.
SUBSEQUENCE, s&b-s£-kw£nse, s. The state of
following, not precedence.
SuBSECUTlVE, s&b-sSki-kb-tlv, adj. Following in
train.
SUBSEPTUPLE, S&b-s£pit&-pl, adj. Containing one
of seven parts.
SUBSEQUENT, sfib-sd-kwSnt, adj. Following in
tram, not preceding.
SUBSEQUENTLY, surA4-kw£nt-l£, ado. Not so as
to go before, so as to follow in train.
To SUBSERVE, sfrb-serv,' v. a. To serve in subor-
dination, to serve instrumentally.
SUBSERVIENCE, s£ib-s£r-v^-(?nse,
SUBSERVIENCY, s&b-ser£v£-£n-se,
tal fitness or use.
SUBSERVIENT, sfib-s£r-v£-£nt, udj. Subordinate,
instrumentally useful.
SOBSEXTUPLE, s&b-s^ks-tu-pl, adj. Containing
one part of iix.
Instrumen-
SUB
501
SUB
n3r 167, nSt 163 — tube 171, t&b 172, bill 173— oil 299 — pS&nd 313— thin 466 — THIS
The act of sink-
To SUBSIDE, s&b-slde/ v. n. To sink, to tend
downwards.
SUBSIDENCE, sfib-si£d3nse, 7
SUBSIDENCY, s&b-sUd4n-s£, J *'
ing, tendency downwards.
SUBSIDIARY, s&b-sld-<i-a-r£, or
adj. 295, 294. 576. Assistant, brought in aid
To SUBSIDIZE, sfib-s^-dlze, v. a. To give money
to receive aid or assistance.
£5- This word seems to have grown out of the last
war; if so, it is a little surprising that an action so com-
mon before should not have generated a verb to express
it.
SUBSIDY, sfrb-s£-d4, s. Aid, commonly such as is
given in money.
To SUBSIGN, sfib-slne/ v. a. To sign under.
To SUBSIST, sub-slst,' v. ra. To continue, to re-
tain the present state or condition ; to have means of
living, to be maintained ; to adhere, to have existence.
SUBSISTENCE, sub-slsit£nse, s. Real being ; com-
petence, means of support.
SuBSlSTENT, s&b-sls-t&nt, adj. Having real being.
SUBSTANCE, sub-stanse, s. Being, something ex-
isting, something of which we can say that it is ; that
which supports accidents ; the essential part ; something
real, not imaginary ; something solid, not empty ;
body, corporeal nature ; wealth.
SUBSTANTIAL, s&b-stanislial, adj. Real, actually
existing ; true, solid, real, not merely seeming ; cor-
[K>real, material ; strong, stout, bulky ; responsible,
moderately wealthy.
SUBSTANTIALS, s&b-staiAhalz, j. (Without sin-
gular.) Essential parts.
SUBSTANTIALITY, sub-stan-sh£-aW-t£, *. Real
existence ; corporeity.
SUBSTANTIALLY, s&b-stan-shal-£, adv. In man-
ner of a substance, with reality of existence ; strongly,
solidly ; truly, really, with fixed purpose ; with com-
petent wealth.
SuBSTANTlALNESS, Sub-stanishal-n3s, *. The
state of being substantial j firmness, strength, power
of lasting.
To SUBSTANTIATE, s&b-stan-she-ate, v. a. To
make to exist.
SUBSTANTIVE, subistan-tlv, s. 512. A noun be-
tokening the thing, not a quality.
To SUBSTITUTE, subistt^-tite, v. a. To put in
the place of another.
SUBSTITUTE, sub-sti-t&te, s. 463. One put to
net in the place of another.
SUBSTITUTION, sub-st^-tu-sh&n, s. The act of
placing any person or thing in the room of another.
To SuBSTRACT, s&b-strakt,' t>. a. To take away
part from the whole ; to take one number from ano-
ther.— See To Subtract.
SUBSTRACTION, s&b-strakishtin, *. The act or
taking part from the whole; the taking of a less num- ;
her out of a greater of the like kind, whereby to find
out a third number.
SUBSTRUCTION, sub-str&k-sh&n, s. Underbuilding.
SuBSTYLAR, s5b-stl-lar, adj. Substylar line is, in
Dialling, a right line, whereon tho gnomon or style of
a dial is erected at right angles with the plane.
SUBSULTIVE, S&b-sul-tiv,
SUBSULTORY,
Boumhn*'
moving by starts.
J£j!- Mr. Sheridan is the only orthoepis
CPiiled this word on the first syllable, as I have done ; for
.
. Sheridan is the only orthoepist who has ac-
Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, Barclay, Fenning,
Bailey, and Entick, accent the second. Its companion, ;
desultory, is accented on the first syllable by Mr. Sheri-
dan, Dr. Johnson, Mr. Nares, Mr. Smith, *rid Fenning:
but on the second by Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott,
W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, Bailey, and Entick.
As these two words must necessarily be accented alike,
we see Dr. Johnson and Fenning are inconsistent. But
though the majority of authorities are against me in both
those words, 1 greatly mistake if analogy is not clearly
on my side.— See Principles, No. 512.
SUBSULTORILY, sulAfil-tur-^-k1, adv. In a bound-
ing manner.
SUBTANGENT, S&b-tanijSnt, s. In any curve, is
the line which determines the intersection of the tan-
gent in (he axis prolonged.
To SUBTEND, s&b-t^nd,' v. a. To be extended
under.
SUBTENSE, s&b-t£ns< / s. The chord of an arch,
that which is extended under any thing.
SUBTERFLUENT, srjb-t5r-flu-e.it, ;
SUBTERFLUOUS, s&b t&irli-us, 5 aaj' 518'
Running under.
SUBTERFUGE, sfrb't3r-fiiJje, *. A shift, an eva-
sion, a trick.
SuBTERRANEAL, sftb-t£r-ra£iie-al, ~\
SUBTERRANEAN, s&b-t£r-ra-ne-an. C adj. Lying
SUBTERRANEOUS, s&b-t£r-ra-n4-&s, j
under the earth, placed below the surface. The last
two words only are in use.
SUBTERRANITY, sub-t£r-ran^-ti, s. A place un-
der ground. Not in use.
SUBTILE, s&b-til, adj. 140. Thin, not den?e;
nice, fine, delicate ; piercing, acute; cunning, artful,
sly, subdolous, deceitful ; refined, acute beyond exact-
ness— See Subtle.
SuBTILELY, b&bitll-l^, adv. Finely, not grossly ;
artfully, cunningly.
SUBTILENESS, sub-tll-n§s, *. Fineness, rareness;
cunning, artfulness.
To SUBTILIATE, s&b-tlliyate, v,a. 11 3. To make
thin.
SUBTILIATION, s&b tll-ya-sh&n, *. The act of
making thin.
SUBTILTY, sibitll-td, s. Thinness, fineness, exili-
ty of parts; nicety; refinement, too much acu ten ess;
cunning, artifice, slyness.
SUBTJLIZATION, sub-tll-d-za-sh&n, s. Subtiliza-
tion is making any thing so volatile as to rise readily
in steam or vapour; refinement, superfluous acutenesj.
To SUBTILIZE, sub-til Ize, v. a. To make thin,
to make less gross or coarse ; to refine, to spin into
useless niceties.
SUBTLE, sutitl, adj. 347. 405. Sly, artful, cunning.
JCS*" 'l'h's word and subtile have been used almost in-
discriminately to express very different senses, as may be
seen in Johnson ; b'Jt as custom has adopted a different
spelling, and a different pronunciation for their different
meanings, it is presumed it has not been without reason.
That the first sense of the word meaning Jine, acute, ixc.
should extend itself to the latter meaning sly, artful, <.vc.
is not to be wondered at, as words have a natural ten
dency to fall into a bad sense; witness, knave, villain,
&c. ; but if custom has marked this difference of sense
by a difference of spelling and pronunciation, it should
seem to bean effort of nature to preserve precision iu
our ideas. If th.se observations are just, the abstracts
of these words ought to be kept as distinct as their con-
cretes; from subtile, therefore, ought to be formed tul>
tilty, and from subtle, subtlety ; the b being heard in Uia
two first, and mute in the two last.
SUBTLETY, sfit-tl-te, s. Artfulness, cunning.
SUBTLY, sfit-1^, adv. Slyly, artfully, cunningly,
nicely, delicately.
To SUBTRACT, s&b-trakt/ v. a. — See Substract.
Jt^- This orthography seems to prevail over substract.
The vanity of deriving words from the Latin rather than
a living language is very prevalent: but the s in this
word intervening between the two mutes certainly makes
the word flow more easily, and the alteration is therefore
to be regretted.
SUBTRACTION, sub-trakisl-.&n, j. — See Substruc-
tion.
SUBTRAHEND, sfib tra-h3nd,' «. The number to
be taken from a larger number.
SUBVERSION, s&b-v^r-shuu, *. Overthrow, ruin,
destruction.
SUBVERSIVE, sfib-V^KsIv, adj. 158. Having ten-
dency to overturn.
To SUBVERT, sub-v£rt,' v. a. To overthrow, to
overturn, to destroy, to turn upside down ; to corrupt,
*"> confound.
SUBVKKTER, sfib-v«rt-ur, j. 98.
destroyer.
Overthrvwer,
SUC 502 SUF
fcr SS9- Fate73,fJr 77, ftll 83, fat 81 — ml 93, m&t 95— pine 105, pin 1O7— nA 162, m5ve 164,
SUBURB, sSb-irb, s. Building without the walls of
of a city ; the confines, the out-part.
SUBURBAN, s&b-&rb^an, adj. 88. Inhabiting the
suburb.
SuBWORKER, s&b-w&rk-&r, 5. Underworker, su-
bordinate helper.
SUCCEDANEOUS, s&k-s^-da-n^-fis, adj. Supply-
ing the place of something else.
Sl'CCEDANEUM, s&k-s4-iiain£-um, j. 503. That
which is put to serve for something else*
To SUCCEED, sik-sWd," v. n. 246. To follow in
I order ; to come into the place of one who has quitted ;
to obtain one's wish, to terminate an undertaking in
the desired effect ; to terminate according to wish.
To SUCCEED, s&k-sWd,' v. a. To follow, to be sub-
sequent or consequent to; to prosper, to make suc-
cessful.
SUCCEEDER, s&k-s^ed-ur, j. 98. One who follows,
one who comes into the place of another.
SUCCESS, S&k-s4s/ $. The termination of any affair
happy or unhappy.
SUCCESSFUL, s&k-s5s-ful, adj. Prosperous, happy,
fortunate.
SUCCESSFULLY, s&k-s5s-ful-^, adv. Prosperously,
luckily, fortunately.
SUCCESSFULNESS, s&k-s£siful-n£s, *. Happy
conclusion, desired event, series of good fortune.
SUCCESSION, suk-s£sh-&n, s. Consecution, series of
one thing or person following another ; a series of things
or persons following one another ; a lineage, an order
of descendants ; the power or right of coming to the
inheritance of ancestors.
SUCCESSIVE, s&k-s£sislv, adj. 158. Following
in order, continuing a course or consecution uninter-
rupted ; inherited by succession.
SUCCESSIVELY, s&k-s£sViv-l<i, adv. In uninter-
rupted order, one after another.
SUCCESSIVENESS, s&k-s&-siv-n^s, s. The state of
being successive.
SUCCESSLESS, s&k-s3s-l5s, adj. Unlucky, unfortu-
nate, failing of the event desired.
SUCCESSOR, s&kis^s-s&r, or s&k-sfei&r, s. 503.
One that follows in the place or character of another,
correlative to Predecessor.
Jt5* This word is not unfrequently pronounced with
the accent on the second syllable, as if it were formed from
tweets ; but this accentuation, though agreeable to its La-
tin original, has, as in confessor, yielded to the prevailing
power of the English antepenultimate accent : Dr. John-
son, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphinston, and Entick, accent
this word on the first syllable ; and Dr. Ash, Dr. Ken-
rick, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, and Bailey,
on the second ; Barclay and penning give both, but pre-
fer the first ; Mr. Scott gives both, and prefers the se-
cond ; but, from the opinion that is foolishly gone forth,
that we ought to accent words as near the beginning as
possible, there is little doubt that the antepenultimate ac-
cent will prevail.
SUCCINCT, suk-slngkt,' adj. 408. Tucked or girded
up, having the clothes drawn up ; short, concise, brief.
SUCH, s&tsh, pronoun. Of that kind, of the like
kind; the same that; comprehended under the term
premised ; a manner of expressing a particular person
or thing.
To SUCK, s&k, v. a. To draw in with the mouth ;
to draw the teat of a female ; to draw with the milk;
to empty by sucking ; to draw or drain.
TQ SUCK, S&k, v. n. To draw the breast ; to draw,
to imbibe.
SUCK, s&k, s. The act of sucking ; milk given by
females.
SUCKER, s&k-kfir, i. 98. Any thing that draws by
suction ; the embolus of a pump ; a pipe through
which any thing is sucked ; a you»g twig shooting from
the stock.
SUCKET, s&kMclt, j. 99. A sweetmeat
SUCKINGBOTTLE, s&k-klng-b6t-tl, s. A bottle
which to children supplies the want of a nap.
To SUCKLE, s&kikl, v. a. 40.5. To nurse at the
breast.
SUCKLING, s&killng, s. 410. A young creature
yet fed by the pap.
SUCTION, s&kishin, s. The act of sucking.
SuDATION, si-da-sh&n, i. Sweat.
SuDATORY, siida-t&r-£, s. 512. 557. Hothouse,
sweating bath.
SUDDEN, s&didln, adj. 1O3. Happening without
previous notice, coming without the common prepara-
tives ; hasty, violent, rash, passionate, precipitate.
SUDDEN, s&didin, s
surprise. Not in use.
expected.
Any unexpected occurrence,
On a sudden, sooner than was
SUDDENLY, s&d-dln-li, adv. In an unexpected
manner, without preparation, hastily.
SUDDENNESS, sud-din-n£s, s. State of being sud-
den, unexpected presence, manner of coming or hap-
pening unexpectedly.
SUDORIFICK, sii-d6-rlf^flk, adj. Provoking or
causing sweat.
SUDORIFICK, si«-d6-rlfiflk, *. 509. A medicine
promoting sweat,
SUDOROUS, su-dA-r&s, adj. 314. Consisting of
sweat.
SUDS, S&dz, s. A lixivium of soap and water ; to
be in the Suds, a familiar phrase for being in any dif-
ficulty.
To SUE, s6, v. a. To prosecute by law ; to gain by
legal procedure.
To SUE, si, v. n. 335. To beg, to entreat, to petition.
SUET, sWt, *. 99. A hard fat, particularly that
about the kidneys.
SUETY,
^, adj. Consisting of suet, resembh.ig
SUCCINCTLY, s&k-slngktiit*, adv.
cisely.
SUCCORY, s&kMv&r-d, s. 557. A plant SeeDo-
mtttick.
To SUCCOUR, s&k-k&r, v. a. 314. To help, to as-
sist in difficulty or distress, to relieve.
SUCCOUR, sukMt&r, s. Aid, assistance, relief of
any kind, help in distress ; the persons or things that
bring help.
SUCCOURER, s&kMt&r-ir, s. 98. Helper, assist-
ant, reliever.
.
To SUFFER, s&Pf&r, v. a. 98. To bear, to under
go, to feel with sense of pain ; to endure, to support :
to allow, to permit ; to pass through, to be affected by.
To SUFFER, s&t-f&r, v. n. To undergo pain or
SUCCOURLESS, s&kMc&r-lgs, adj. Wanting relief,
void of friends or help.
SUCCULENCY, s&k-kb l£n-s£. *. Juiciness.
SUCCULENT, s&k-k&-l£nt, ndj. Juicy, moist.
To SUCCUMB, s&k-kimb,' v. a. To yield, to sink
under any difficulty.
SuccussiON, suk kush'&n, j. The act of shak-
ing; in 1'hysick, such a shaking of the nervous parti
at i* procured by strong stimuli.
Briefly con- inconvenience; to undergo punishment ; to be injured.
SUFFERABLE, s&f-f&r-a-bl, adj. Tolerable, such
as may be endured.
SUFFERABLY, s&£f&r-a-bl£, adv. Tolerably, so ai
to be endured.
SUFFERANCE, sif^f&r-anse, s. Pain, inconveni-
ence,-misery; patience, moderation; toleration, per-
mission.
SUFFERER, s&W&r-fir, s. One who endures or
undergoes pain or inconvenience; one who allows,
one who permits.
SUFFERING, s&fif&r-lng, j. 410. Pain suffered.
To SUFFICE, s&f-fize,' v. n. 351. To be enough,
to be sufficient, to be equal to the end or purpose.
To SUFFICE, s&t'-fize,' t;. a. 351. To afford ; to
supply ; to satisfy.
SUFFICIENCY, S&f-flsh^n-S^, S. State of being ade-
quate to the end proposed ; qualification for any pur-
pose; competence, enough ; supply equal to want : it
is used by Temple tor that conceit which make* a mu
think himself p"»al to tlxingn above him.
SUL
503
SUM
167, n'5t 163 — tfcbe 171, t&b 172, bull 173—511 299— pSund 313 — tlt'tn 466 — THIS 469.
SUFFICIENT, suf-flsh^nt, adj. 357. Equal to any
end or purpose, enough, competent ; qualified for any
thing by fortune or otherwise.
SUFFICIENTLY, suf-fish£5nt-l£, adv. To a suf-
ficient degree, enough.
To SUFFOCATE, suftfA-kate, v. a. To choak by
exclusion or interception of air.
SUFFOCATION, suf-fi-kaishun, j. The act of
choaking, the state of being choaked.
SUFFOCATIVE, s&f-fo-ka-tlv, adj. 512. Having
the power to choak.
SUFFRAGAN, suf-fra-gun, s. 88. A bishop con-
sidered as subject to his metropolitan.
To SUFFRAGATE, Suf-fra-gate, v. n. 90. To vote
with, to agree in voice with.
SUFFRAGE, suf-frldje, *. 90. Vote, voice given in
a tontroverted point.
SUFFRAGINOUS, suf-frad-jln-us, adj. Belonging
to the knee-joint of beasts.
SUFFUMIGATION, suf-fu-m^-ga-shun, s. Opera-
tion of fumes raised by fire.
To SUFFUSE, suf-fuzt>,' v. a. To spread over with
something expansible, as with a vapour or a tincture.
SUFFUSION, suf-fu-zhun, *. The act of overspread-
ing with any thing ; that which is suffused or spread.
SUGAR, sliug-ur, s. 175. 454. The native salt of
the sugar-cane, obtained by the expression and evapor-
ation of its juices ; any thing proverbially sweet, a chy-
mical dry crystallization.
To SUGAR, shugiur, v. a. To impregnate or sea-
son with sugar ; to sweeten.
SUGARY, shug-ur-4, adj. Sweet, tasting of sugar.
To SUGGEST, sug-jSst,' v. a To hint, to intimate,
to insinuate good or ill ; to seduce, to draw to ill by in-
sinuation; to inform secretly.
Jf5« Though the first g in exaggerate is, by a difficulty
of pronunciation, assimilated to the last, this is not always
the case in the present word. For though we sometimes
hear it sounded as if written tud-jest, the most correct
speakers generally preserve the first and last g in their
distinct and separate sounds.
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Nares, pronounce the
g in both syllables soft, as if written sud-jett. Dr. Kenrick,
Mr. Perry, and Barclay, make the first g hard, and the
second soft, as if written tug-jest, as I have done; for as
the accent is not on these consonants, there is not the same
apology for pronouncing the first soft as there is in exag-
gerate } which see.
SUGGESTION, sug-j5s^tshun, s. Private hint, inti-
mation, insinuation, secret notification.
SUICIDE, su^-slde, s. 143. Self-murder, the hor-
rid crime of destroying one's self.
SUIT, site, *. 342. A set, a number of things cor-
respondent one to the other : clothes made one part to
answer the other; a petition, an address of entreaty;
courtship; pursuit, prosecution ; in Law, Suit is some-
times put for the Instance of a cause, and sometimes
for the cause itself deduced in judgment.
To SUIT, site, v. a. To fit, to adapt to something
else ; to be fitted to, to become ; to dress, to clothe.
To SUIT, sute, v. n. To agree, to accord.
SUITABLE, sb'to-bl, adj. 405. Fitting, according
with, agreeable to.
SUITABLENESS, su-ta-bl-n£s, «. Fitness, agree-
ableness.
SUITABLY, su-ta-bl(^, ad». Agreeably, according to.
SUITE, sw£te, s. ( French. ) Consecution, series, re-
gular order; retinue, company.
SUITOR' \ s&:t£ir' *' 98> 166t One who sucl> a 1
titioner, a supplicant ; a woer, one who courts a mistress.
SuiTRESS, su-tr^S, S. A female supplicant.
SuLCATED, sul-ka-t5d, adj. Furrowed.
SULKY, sul-ki, adj. Silently sullen, sour, morose,
obstinate.
$£f This word had long been a vagabond in conversa-
tion, and was not to be found in any of our Dictionaries
till it was lately admitted to a place in Entick's, and, from
its very frequent use, may now be considered as a denizen
tif tin; language. Mr. Colman had, many years ago, made
use of it in his prologue to " The Wife in the Right,"
where he says,—
" No tutky critlck to the Playhouse drawn,
a Whom modem Comedy provokes to yawn.*
And this writer's authority alone is a sufficient proof of
the propriety and utility of the word. It may perhaps be
objected, that the word sullen is perfectly equivalent, ana
renders this word useless. Those, however, who consider
language philosophically, know that there are no wordi
perfectly synonymous, and consequently that there are no
useless words. If it be asked what is the difference be-
tween these words, I would answer, that sullenness seems
to be an habitual sulkiness, and sulkincss a temporary
sullenness. The former may be an innate disposition ;
the latter, a disposition occasioned by recent injury. Tha
one has a malignancy in it threatening danger ; the other,
an obstinate averseness to pleasure. Thus we are in a
sullen mood, and in a sulky fit ; men and women are said
to be Sullen, and children Sulky : sullenness may be pre-
dicated of inanimate objects, sulkiness only of such a*
are animated.
" No cheerful breeze the lulltn region knows j
" The dreadful East is all the wind that blows.*— Pop*.
If these distinctions are just, there is good reason for
receiving the word in question, and incorporating it into
the language, even though it had not been adopted by tha
respectable writer I have quoted.
SULKINESS, s&l-k£-n£s, s. Silent sullenness, mo.
roseness, obstinacy.
SULLEN, s&l-lln, adj. 99. Gloomy, discontented ;
mischievous, malignant; intractable, obstinate; dis-
mal ; heavy, dull.
SULLENLY, sul-lln-li, adv. Gloomily, malignant-
ly, intractably.
SULLENNESS, sul-lln-n3s, *. Gloominess, morose-
ness, sluggish anger; malignity.
Sui.LENS, s&l-llnz, s. Morose temper, gloominess of
mind.
To SULLY, sul-li, v. a. To soil, to tarnish, to dirt,
to spot.
SULLY, s&l-l£, S. Soil, tarnish, spot.
SULPHUR, sul-fur, s. Brimstone.
SULPHUREOUS, sfil-fu-re-us, J adj. Made of
SULPHUROUS, sul-fur- us, a 14. ) brimstone, hav-
ing the qualities of brimstone, containing sulphur.
SULPHUREOUSNESS, sfil-fu-r£-&s-n£3, s. The
state of being sulphureous.
SULFHURWORT, sul-fur-w&rt, t. The same with
Hogsfennel.
SULPHURY, s&Wur-£, adj. Partaking of sulphur.
SULTAN, s&l'tan, s. 88. The Turkish empcior.
SULTANA, sul-ta^na. — See Lumbago.
SULTANESS, sul-ta-n&s,
queen of an Eastern emperor.
SULTRINESS, sul-tr£-n£s, *. The state of being
sultry.
SULTRY, sul-tr£, adj. Hot without ventilation, hot
and clo.se, hot and cloudy.
SUM, sum, s. The whole of any thing, many par-
ticulars aggregated to a total ; quantity of money ;
compendium, abridgment, the whole abstracted ; the
amount, the result of reasoning or computation;
height, completion.
To SUM, sum, v. a. To compute ; to collect par-
ticulars into a total ; to comprise, to com prchend ; to
collect into a narrow compass; to have leathers full
grown.
SUMLESS, sum-l£s, adj. Not to be computed.
SUMMARILY, sum'nna-r£-l£, adv. Briefly, the
shortest way.
SUMMARY, sum£ma-r£, adj. Short, brief, com-
pendious.
SUMMARY, sum-ma-rti, s. Compendium, abridg-
ment.
SUMMER, sum-mur, s. 98. The season in which
the sun arrives at the hither solstice ; the principal beam
of a floor.
SuMMERHOUSE, sum-inur-h6use, ». Ar a^arU
ment in a garden used in the summer.
I-
SUP
504
SUP
559. F4te73, fir 77, fall 83, fill 81— mi 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107— ni 162, mSre
SUMMERSAULT, 1 S&mirnur_s5t) fc A bigh leap,
SUMMERSET, |
in which the heels are thrown over the head.
SUMMIT, S&m-mlt, s. The top, the utmost height.
To SUMMON, s&mim&n, v. a. 166. To call with
authority, to admonish to appear, to cite; to excite, to
call up, to raise.
SUMMONER, s&m-m&n-fir, s. 98. One who cites.
Sl'MMONS, s&m-m&nz, s. A call of authority, ad-
monition to appear, citation.
SuMPTER, s&m-tfrr, s. 412. Ahorse that carrie.-
clothes or furniture.
SUMPTION, s&m-shfm, s. The act of taking.
SUMPTUARY, s&m-tshu-a-r£, adj. 292. Relating
to ex.pen.se, regulating the cost of life.
SuMPTUOSITY, s5m-tshu»os-ti te, s. Expensive-
ness, costliness.
SUMPTUOUS, s&mitshfr-fis, adj. 292. Cosily, ex-
pensive, splendid. — See PretumpttuHU.
SUMPTUOUSLY, sum-tshu-us-14, adv. Expensive-
ly, with great cost
SuMPTUOUSNESS, sum-tshi-&s-n3s, s. Expensive-
ness, costliness.
SUN, s&n, S. The luminary that makes the day ; a
sunny place, a place eminently warmed by the sun ;
any thing eminently splendid ; under the Sun, in this
world — a proverbial expression.
To SUN, sftn, v. a. To expose to the sun.
SUNBEAM, s&nib^me, s. Ray of the sun.
SuNBEAT, sin-bthe, part. adj. Shone U|x>n by the
sun.
SuNBRlGHT, s&n'brlte, adj. Resembling (he sun
in brightness.
SUNBURNING, s&nM>urn-lng, s. The effect of th
sun upon the face.
SUNBURNT, sEin-burnt, part. adj. Tanned, disco-
loured by the sun.
SuNCLAD, s&n^klad, part. adj. Clothed in radi-
ance, blight.
SUNDAY, s&nWi, s. 223. The day anciently dedi-
cated to the sun, the Christian sabbath.
To SUNDER, s&n-dfrr, v. a. To part, to separate,
to divide.
SUNDIAL, sim-di-al, s. A marked plate on which
the shadow points the hour.
SUNDRY, sin-dre;, adj. Several, more than one.
SUNFLOWER, stm-flou ur, s. A plant.
SUNG, sfrng. The Fret, and part. pan. of Sing.
SUNK, s&ngk, 408. The Prot. and part, puss of
Sink.
SUNLESS, sunilSs, adj. Wanting sun, wanting
warmth.
SuNLIKE, s&n-like, adj. Resembling the sun.
SUNNY, sfin-nd, adj. Resembling the sun, bright ;
exposed to the sun, bright with the mn j coloured by
the sun.
SUNRISE, s&n-rize, 7
SUNRISING, s&nMz Ing, 410. S * MorninS' the
appearance of the sun.
SUNSET, sin-set, s. Close of the day, evening.
SUNSHINE, sinishlne, s. Action of the sun, place
where the heat and lustre of the sun are powerful.
SUNSHINY, s&nishl-ne, adj. Bright with the sun j
bright like the sun.
To SUP, sip, v. a. To drink by mouthfuls, to drink
by little at a time.
To Sup, sip, v. n. To eat the evening meal.
SUP, S&p, s. A small draught, a mouthful of liquor.
SUPERABLE, si-pe>-a-bl, arf;'. 405- Conquerable,
such as may be overcome.
.
here is a corrupt pronunciation of this word,
arising from want of attention to the influence of accent
on the sounds of the letters, which makes the first sylla-
ble of this word sound like the noun tkoe. This pronun-
ciation Mr. Sheridan has adopted, not only in this word,
jut in all those which commence with the inseparable
nreposition super. That this is contrary to the most esta-
blished rules of orthoepy, may be seen in Principles, No.
454 and 462 ; and that it is contrary to Mr. Sheridan him-
self, may be seen by his giving the i in the words insu-
oeraUe, insuperableness, insuperably, and insuperability,
its simple sound only. — See Insuperable.
SUPERABLENESS, si-pei-a bl-n£s, S. Quality of
being conquerable.
To SuPERABOUND, si-pSr-a-bofind,' v. n. To be
exuberant, to be stored with more than enough.
SUPERABUNDANCE, si-per-a-bin^danse, 3. More
than enough, great quantity.
SUPERABUNDANT, si-pe>-a-binidin t, adj. Be-
ing more than enough.
SUPERABUNDANTLY, si-p4r-a-binidant-le, adv.
More than sufficiently.
To SUPERADD, si-per-ad,' v. n. To add over and
above, to join any thing so as to make it more.
SUPF.RADDITION, si per-ad-dlsh-in, s. The act
of adding to something else ; that which is added.
SUPERADVENIENT, si-per-ad-ve-ne-£nt, adj.
Coming to the increase or assistance of something;
coming unexpectedly.
To SUPERANNUATE, si-pSr-an-ni-ate, v. a. To
impair or disqualify by age or length of life.
SUPERANNUATION, si-per-an-ni-a-shin, s. The
state of being disqualified by years.
SUPERB, si-p£rb,' adj. Grand, pompous, lofty, au-
gust, stately.
SUPERCARGO, si-p5r-kar-gA, s. An officer in the
ship whose business is to manage the trade.
SuPERCELESTlAL, si-p£r-se~lfisitsbal, adj. Plac-
ed above the firmament.
SUPERCILIOUS, si - p£r-sll-yfis, adj. Haughty, dog-
matical, dictatorial, arbitrary.
SUPERCILIOUSLY, si-per-sll-yis-le, adv. Haugh-
tily, dogmatically, contemptuously.
SUPERCILIOUSNESS, si-per-sil-jis-n3s, s. 113.
Haughtiness, contemptuousncss.
SUPERCONCEPTION, si-peY-k5n-s£p-shun,. j. A
concepiion made after another conception.
SUPERCONSEQUENCE, si-p£r-k6n-se-kwe'nse, *.
Remote consequence.
SUPERCRESCENCE, su-p£r-kr£s-s£nse, 5. That
which grows upon another growing thing.
SuPEREMlNENCE, si-per-em-me-ne\ise, 7
SUPEKEMINENCY, si-per-em-me-nen se, $ *'
Uncommon degree of eminence.
SUPEREMINENT, si-p£r-£m-n)£-n£nt, adj. Emi-
nent in a high degiee.
To SUPEREROGATE, si- p5r-e" r^r A gate, v. n. 91.
To do more 'ban duty requires.
SUPEREROGATION, si-p5r-e>-r6-ga-bhiin, »-.
Performance of more than duty requires.
SUPEREROGATORY, si-peV.eV-ri-ga-tir-e', adj.
512. Performed beyond the strict demands of duty.
SuFEREXCELLENT, si-per-ek-sel-lent, adj. Ex-
cellent beyond common degrees of excellence.
SUPEREXCRESCENCE, si-p£r-£ks.kr<5s-s5nse, «.
Something superfluously growing.
To SuPERFETATE, si-p£r-f&-tate, v. n. To con-
ceive after oonception.
SUPERFETATION, si-per-fe-tai-shin, s. One con-
ception following another, so that both are in the womb
together.
SUPERFICE, si-per-fis, s. 142. Outside, surface.
Not used.
SUPERFICIAL, si-per-fish^al, adj. Lying on the
surface, not reaching below the surface ; shallow, con-
trived to cover something; shallow, not profound;
smattering, not learned.
SUPERFICIALITY, si-plr-flsh-e-aUe-te, *. Tte
quality of being superficial.
SUPERFICIALLY, su-per-flsh-al-e, adv. On th«
surface, not below the surface; without penetration,
without close heed ; without going deep ; without
searching.
SUP
tr, 3
SUP
n3i 167, nit 163— tibe 171, tab 172, bill 173 — 611 299 — pSSnd 313 — thin 466 — TH'is 469>
SUPERFICIALNESS, si-p3r-flshVil-n£s, s. Shaiiow-
iess, position on the surface ; slight knowledge, false
appearance.
SUPERFICIES, si-pSr-fish^z, s. 505. Outside, sur-
face, sunerfice.
SUPERFINE, si-p5r-flne,'arf;'. 524. Eminently fine.
SL'PERFLUITANCE, si-p^r-flu^e tanse, *. The act
of floating above.
SUPER FLUITANT, si-p£r-fli^-tant, adj. Fleet-
ing above.
SUPERFLUITY, si-p5r-flii4-t£, s. More than e-
nough, plenty beyond use or necessity.
SUPERFLUOUS, si-p^rifli-fis, id). 518. Exube-
rant, more than enough, unnecessary.
SuPERFLUOUSNESS, sii-p£r-fli-us-n5s, 4. The state
of being superfluous.
SUPERFLUX, si-pdr-fl&ks, s. That which is more
than is wanted.
SUPERIMPREGNATION, si-p!r-lm-pr£g-na'shJm,
i. Superconception, superfetation.
SUPERINCUMBENT, si-p£r-ln-k&m'b5nt, adj. Ly-
ing on the top of something else.
To SUPERINDUCE, si-p^r-in-diso,' v. a. To
bring in as an addition to something else ; to bring on
as a thing not originally belonging to that on which it
is brought.
SUPERINDUCTION, si-pSr-In-d&k-sh&n, s. The
act of superinducing.
SUPERINJECTION, si-p3r-ln-j3k'sh&n, j. An
injection succeeding upon another.
SUPERINSTITUTION, si-p£r-ln-st£-ti-sh&n, s.
In Law, one institution upon another.
To SUPERINTEND, si-per-in-t£nd,' v. a. To over-
see, to overlook, to take care of others with authority.
SUPERINTENDENCE, si-p5r-in-t5nd-£ns<3, ?
SUPERINTENDENT, si-p£r-ln-t£nd-£n-sd, 5 **
Superior care, the act of overseeing with authority.
SUPERINTENDENT, si-p5r ln-ten-d£nt, s. One
who overlooks others authoritatively.
SUPERIORITY, si-p£-r^-&ri^-t£, s. Pre-eminence,
the quality of being greater or higher than another in
any respect.
SUPERIOR, si-pd-r£-&r, adj. 166. Higher, greater
in dignity or excellence, preferable or preferred to ano-
ther ; upper, higher locally ; free from emotion or con-
cern, unconquered.
SUPERIOR, si-p^r^-&r, j. One more excellent or
dignified than another.
SUPERLATIVE, si-p£r-la-tlv, adj.
Implying or
expressing the highest degree ; rising to the highest de
gree.
SUPERLATIVELY, sl-p3rMa-tfv-l£, ado. in a
manner of speech expressing the highest degree ; in the
highest degree.
SUPERLATIVENESS, si-p£rila-tlv-n3s, s. The state
of being in the highest degree.
SUPERLUNAR, si-p5r-li-nar, adj. Not sublunary,
placed above the moon
SUPERNAL,
.
, l, adj. 88. Having a higher
position, locally above us; relating to things above,
placed above, celestial. ^
SUPERNATANT, su-p£r-naitant, adj. Swimming
above.
SUPERNATATION, si-plr-na-ta£shin, s. The act
of swimming on the top of any thins;.
SUPERNATURAL, si-p£r-nat-tshi-ral, adj. Be-
ing above the powers of nature.
SUPERNATURALLY, si-p£r-nat-tshi-ral-£, adv.
In a manner above the course or power of nature.
SUPERNUMERARY, si-p^r-ni^ni^r-ar-^, adj. Be-
ing above a stated, a necessary, a usual, or a round,
number.
To SUPERPONDERATE, si-p3r-p5nid£r-ate, i; a.
To weigh over and above
SUPERPROPORTION, si-p^r-pri-pir-sh&n, s. O-
verplus of proportion.
SUPERPURGATION, si-pSr-p&r-gA-sh&n, s. More
purgation than enough.
SUPERREFLECTION, si-p£r-rd-fl£k£sh&n, s. He-
flection of an image reflected.
SUPF.RSALIENCY, sfi p$r sa-l£-3n-s£, j. Tne act
of leaping upon any thing.
To SUPERSCRIBE, si-per-skrlbe/ v. a. To inscribe
upon the top or outside.
SUPERSCRIPTION, si- plr-skrlpish&n, s. The act
of superscribing; that which is written on the top or
outside.
To SUPERSEDE, si-p£r-s£de,' t>. a. To make void
or inefficacious by superior power, to set aside.
SUPERSEDEAS, si-p£r-s&di as, 5. Iii Law, the
name of a writ to stop or set aside some proceeding at
law.
SUPERSERVICEABLE, si-p5r-s3r£v&-sa-bl, adj. O-
ver-officious.
SUPERSTITION, si-p5r-st1shi6n, J. Unnecessary
fear or scruples in religion, religion without morali-
ty ; false religion, reverence of beings not proper ob-
jects of reverence; ovtr nicety, exactness too scrupu-
lous.
SUPERSTITIOUS, s&-p3r-stlsh£&s, adj. Addicted to
superstition, full of idle fancies or scruples with regard
to religion ; over accurate, scrupulous beyond need.
SUPERSTITIOUSLY, s6-p3r-sdsh-&s-l<i, adv. In a
superstitious manner.
To SCPERSTRAIN, sA-p^r-strane/ v. a. To strain
beyond the just stretch.
To SUPERSTRUCT, s6-p4r-str&kt/ v. a. To build
upon any thing.
SUPERSTRUCTION, s6-p£r-str&k-sh&n, s. An edi-
fice raised on any thing.
SUPERSTRUCTIVE, sii-plr-strikitlv, adj. BuiK
upon something else.
SUPERSTRUCTURE, si-p3r-strikitsh6re, *. That
which is raised or built upon something else.
SUPERSUBSTANTIAL, s£i-p£r-s&b-stinishal, adj.
More than substantial.
SUPERVACANEOUS, sd-p£r-va-ka-n£-&s, adj. Su-
perfluous, needless, unnecessary, serving to no purpose.
SUFERVACANEOUSLY, sfr-p3r-va-ka-n<*-&s-l<*, adi'.
Needlessly.
SUPERVAGANEOTJSNESS, sfi-p5r-va-ka£n<£-&s-n£s,
*. Needlessness.
To SUPERVENE, si-p^r-v^ne/ v. n. To come as
an extraneous addition.
SUPERVENIENT, s6 p£r-v&ni-5nt, adj. Added,
additional.
SUPERVENTION, s{i-p3r-v£n-sh?in, s. The act of
supervening.
2*o SUPERVISE, s6-p3r-vlze/ v. a. To overlook, to
oversee.
SUPERVISOR, si p5r-vUzfir, *. 166. An over-
seer, an inspector.
To SUPERVIVE, si-p3r-vlve/ v. n. To overlive, to
outlive.
SUPINATION, sA-p£-naish&n, t. The act of ly-
ing with the face upward.
SUPINE, si-pine? adj. 140. Lying with the face
upward; leaning back wards; negligent, careless, indo-
lent, drowsy.
SUPINE, si-pine, «. 140. 494. In Grammar, a
term signifying a particular kind of verbal noun.
SlTPINELY, si-plne-l£, adv- With the face upward ;
drowsily, thoughtlessly, indolently.
SUPINENESS, si-plneinds, s. Posture with the face
upward ; drowsiness, carelessness, indolence.
SUPINITY, si-pln^-ti, S. 511. Posture of lying
with the face upwards; carelessness, indolence, thought-
lessness.
SUPPED ANEOUS, S&p-p4-dai.ll£-&S, adj. Placed
under the feet.
SUPPER, s&p-p&r, J. 98. The last meal of the day,
the evening repast.
SUPPF.RLESS, sfrp'p&r-l5s, adj. Wanting supper,
fasting at night.
To SUPPLANT, sfip-plant/ v. a. To trip up the
SUP
506
SUR
* 559. File 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — me 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — 116 162, m&ve 164,
heels, to displace by stratagem, to turn out, to displace,
M overpower, to force away.
SuPPLANTER, s&p-plint-&r, *. One who supplants,
one who displaces.
SUYPLE, S&pipl, adj. 405. Pliant, flexible ; yield-
ing, soft, not obstinate ; flattering, fawning, bending ;
that makes supple.
To SUPPLE, sapipl, v. a. To make pliant, to make
soft, to make flexible; to make compliant.
To SUPPLE, s&p-pl, v. n. To grow soft, or grow
pliant.
SUPPLEMENT, sip^pl^-mSnt, s. Addition to any
thing by which its defects are supplied.
SUPPLEMENTAL, sup-pU-m£nt-al, )
lnt&-r£. (
adj.
SUPPLEMENTARY, sup-pli-m£
Additional, such as may supply the place of what is lost
SUPPLENESS, S&p-pl-n^s, s. Pliantncss, flexibility,
readiness to take any form ; readiness of compliance,
facility.
SL'PPLP.TORY, s&p£pl£-t&r-£, j. 512. That which
is to fill up deficiencies.
SUPPLIANT, s&p-plti-int, adj. Entreating, be-
seeching, precatory.
SUPPLIANT, s&p-pl^-ant, s. An humble petitioner.
SUPPLICANT, s&p-pl£-kint, «. One that entreats
or implores with great submission.
To SUPPLICATE, sipipl^-kate, v. n. To implore,
to entreat, to petition submissively.
SUPPLICATION, sup-pl^-ka-sh&n, s. Petition
humbly delivered, entreaty ; petitionary worship, the
adoration of a suppliant or petitioner.
To SUPPLY, s&p-pll,' v. a. To fill up as any de-
ficiencies happen ; to give something wanted, to yield,
to afford ; to relieve ; to serve instead of; to pive or
bring, whether good or bad ; to fill auy room made va-
cant; to accommodate, to furnish.
SUPPLY, s&p-pll/ *. Relief of want, cure of de-
ficiencies.
To SUPPORT, S&p-pArt,' r. a. To sustain, to prop,
to bear up ; to endure any thing painful without being
overcome ; to endure.
SUPPORT, sfip-pArt,' s. Act or power of sustaining ;
prop, sustaining power ; necessaries of life ; mainte-
nance, supply.
SUPPORTABLE, s&p-pArt-a-bl, adj. Tolerable, to
be endured.
SUPPORTABLENESS, s&p-pArt-aibl-n£s, t. The
state of being tolerable.
SUPPORTANCE, sup-pArt^anse, *. Maintenance,
support.
SUPPORTER, s&p-pArt-ur, i. 98. One who sup-
ports ; prop, that by which any thing is borne up from
falling; sustainer, comforter ; maintainer, defender.
SUFPOSABLE, s&p-po-zi-bl, adj. 405. That may
be supposed.
SUPPOSAL, sQp-pA'zal, $. 88. Position without
proof, imagination, belief.
To SUPPOSE, s&p-poze,' v. a. To lay down withou
proof, to advance by way of argument without main-
taining the position ; to admit without proof; to ima-
gine, to be luve without examination ; to require as
previous to itself.
SUPPOSE, sup-pAzc-,' s. Supposition, position without
proof, unevidenced conceit.
SUPPOSER, sup-pA-z&r, s. 98. One who supposes.
SUPPOSITION, s&p-po-zlsh-frn, s. Position lai.
down, hypothesis, imagination yet unproved.
SUPPOSITITIOUS, s&p-piz tS-tlsh-is, adj. Not ge-
nuine, put by a trick into the place or character belong
ing to another.
SupposiTiTioufiNESS, s&p-p5z-£-tlsh£&s-n£s, $.
State of being counterfeit.
SUPPOSITIVELY, sup-p5zij2£-t!v-l<*, adv. Upon
supposition.
SUPPOSITORY, s&p pozizei-tur-e, s. A kind of so-
lid clyster.
To SUPPRESS, s&p-pr^s,' v. a. To crush, to over-
power, to subdue, to reduce from any ttatc of activity
or commotion ; to conceal, not to tell, not to reveal ;
to keep in, not to let out.
SUPPRESSION, s&p-pr£sh-&n, I. The act of nip.
pressing ; not publication.
SUPPRESSOR, s&p -prfeistr, s. 166. One that sup-
presses, crushes, or conceals.
To SUPPURATE, s&p-pi-rate, v. a. To generate
pus or matter.
To SUPPURATE, sfip- pi-rate, v. n. To grow to pus.
SUPPURATION, s&p-pfr-ra-shun, *. The ripening
or change of the matter of a tumour into pus ; the
matter suppurated.
SCPPURATIVE, sfipipfc.ra-tlv, adj. 512. Digestive,
generating matter.
SUPPUTATION, sfip-pJl-ta-sh&n, *. Reckoning, ac-
count, calculation, computation.
To SUPPUTE, s&p-pilte/ v. a. To reckon, to cal-
culate.
SUPRALAPSARIAN, s&-pra-lap-sair4-an, s. One
who holds that God made choice of his people in the
pure mass, or without any respect to the fall.
SUPRALAPSARY, sfi-pra-lapisa-r£, adj. Antec«-
dent to the fall of man.
SUPRAVULGAR, sft-pra-v&l'g&r, adj. Above the
vulgar.
SUPREMACY, s{i-pr£m-a-si, s. 511. Highest pUrc,
highest authority, state of being supreme. — See Pri-
macy.
SUPREME, si-pr£me,' adj. Highest in dignity, high-
est in authority ; highest, most excellent.
SUPREMELY, s&-pr£me-te, adv. In the highest
degree.
SURADDITIOX, S&r-ill-dlsli-un, s. Something add-
ed to the name.
SURAL, spiral, adj. 88. Being in the calf of the leg.
SURANCE, shil-ranse, s. 454. Warrant, security.
To SURBATE, sir-bate,' v. a. To bruise and bat-
ter the feet with travel, to harass, to fatigue.
To SURCEASE, S&r-s^se,' v. n. To be at an end, tn
stop, to cease, to be no longer in use ; to leave off, to
practise no longer.
To SURCEASE, sur-s^se/ v. a. To stop, to put to
an end.
SURCEASE, s&r-s^se,' s. 227. Cessation, stop.
SURCHARGE, sfir-tshlrje,' $. Overburden, more than
can be well borne.
To SURCHARGE, slr-tsharje,' v. a. To overload,
to overburden.
SuRCHARGER, s&r-tsharijur, *. 98. One that over-
burdens.
SURCINGLE, s&rislng-gl, j. 405. A girth with
which the burden is bound upon a horse ; the girdle of
a cassock.
SURCLE, s&rk-kl, *. 405. A shoot, a twig, a sucker.
SURCOAT, s&r-kAte, s. A short coat worn over the
rest of the dress.
SURD, s&rd, adj. Deaf, wanting the sense of hear-
ing; unheard, not perceived by the ear; not expressed
by any term.
SURE, sh6re, adj. 454, 455. Certain, unfailing, in-
fallible ; confident, undoubting, certain ; past doubt or
danger ; firm, stable, not liable to failure ; to be Sure,
certainly.
SURE, stiure, adv. Certainly, without doubt, doubt-
less.
SUREFOOTED, shire-fut^d, adj. Treading firmly,
not stumbling.
SURELY, shiireili, adv. Certainly, undoubtedly,
without doubt; firmly, without hazard.
SURENESS, shure-n£s, j. Certainty.
SURETISHIP, shfire-tti-shlp, s. The office of a
surety or bondsman, the act of being bound for another.
SURETY, shire^te, *. Certainty, imlubitableness ;
foundation of stability, support ; evidence, ratification ;
confirmation ; security against loss or damage, security
for payment ; hostage, bondsman, one that gives se-
curity for another — See .Vkxiy.
SUR
sus
nor 1G7, n6t 163 tibe J71, tfib 172, bull 173 — Sil 299 — pSlnd 313 — thin 466 — THUS 469.
i. The act of cuiing
SuKF, s&rf, *. The swell of the sea that beats a-
gainst the shore or a rock.
SURFACE, s&r-fas, s. 91. Superficies, outside.
To SURFEIT, s&riflt, v. a. 2.55. To feed with
meat or drink to satiety and sickness.
To SURFEIT, sir-fit, v. n. To be fed to satiety
and sickness.
SURFEIT, s&rif it, s. Sickness or satiety caused by
over-fullness.
SURFEITER, S&fif lt-ur, $. 98. One who rioU, a
glutton.
SuRFElTWATER, s&riflt-wa-tiir, ». Water that
cures surfeits.
SURGE, sfrrje, s. A swelling sea, ware rolling above
the general surface of the water.
To SURGE, s&rje, v. n. To swell, to rise high.
SURGEON, s5r-j&n, s. 259. One who cures by
manual operations.
SURGEONRY,
SURGERY, sur-j£r-d,
by manual operations.
SURGY, s&rij<*, adj. Rising in billows.
SURLILY, s&rM^-ld, adv. In a surly manner.
SURLINESS, sur-14-n£s, s. Gl»omy moroseness,
sour anger.
SURLY, sfir-l£, adj. Gloomily morose, rough, unci-
vil, sour.
'To SURMISE, sSr-mize,' v. a. To suspect, to ima-
gine imperfectly ; to imagine without certain know-
ledge.
SURMISE, sur-mlze,' s. Imperfect notion, suspicion.
To SURMOUNT, sur-mount,' v. «. To rise above;
to conquer, to overcome ; to surpass, to exceed. ^
SURMOUNTABLE, s&r-mount-a-bl, adj. Conquer-
able, superable.
SURNAME, s&riname, s. 492. The name of the
family, the name which one has over and above the
Christian name ; an appellation added to the original
name.
To SURNAME, s&r-name/ v. a. To name by an
appellation added to the original name.
To SURPASS, s5r-p4s/ v. a. To excel, to exceed,
to go beyond in excellence.
SURPASSING, sur- pas-sing, part. adj. Excellent
in a high degree.
SURPLICE, suriplls, ,». 140. The white garb which
the clergy wear in their acts of ministration.
SURPLUS, s&r-pl&s, i
SURPLUSAGE, sur^pl&s-ldje, 90. i s' superr
raiy part, overplus, what remains when use is satisfied.
SURPRISAL, sur-pri-zal, 88. 7
SURPRISE, sur-prizef $
The act of tak-
ing unawares, the state of being taken unawares ; sud-
den confusion or perplexity.
To SURPRISE, sir-prize/ v. a. To take unawares,
to fall upon unexpectedly ; to astonish by something
wonderful ; to confuse or perplex by so:
sh by s
methir
ig sudden.
SURPRISING, s&r-pri-zlng, part. adj. 410. Won-
derful, raising sudden wonder or concern.
SURPRISINGLY, s&r-pri-zing-te, adv. To a degree
that raises wonder, in a manner that raises wonder.
To SURRENDER, sur-r^n^d&r, v. a. To yield up,
to deliver up ; to deliver up to an enemy.
To SURRENDER, s&r-r^nid&r, v. n. To yield, to
give one's self up.
SURRENDER, s&r-r5n£dir, 88.
SuRRENDRY, sur-r£r)£dr£,
yielding ; the act of resigning or giving up to another.
SoRREPTION, s&r-r^p-sh&n, s. Surprise, sudden
and unperceived invasion.
SURREPTITIOUS, s&r-r^p-tlshi&s, adj. Done by
stealth, gotten or produced fraudulently.
SURREPTITIOUSLY, s&r-r^p-tish-iis-li.1, adv. By
stealth, fraudulently.
s. The act of
SURROGATE, s&rirA-gate, *. 91. A deputy, ad«~
legate, the deputy of an ecclesiastical judge-
To SURROUND, sfir-round,' v. a. To environ, to
encompass, to enclose on all sides.
SURSOLID, s&r-s61-ld, *. In Algebra, the fourth
multiplication or power of any number whatever tiikcu
as the root.
SURTOUT, S&r-t6St,' *. A large toat worn over all
the rest.
To ^SUBVENE, s&r-v^ne/ v. i. To supervene j to
come as an addition.
To SURVEY, s&r-va^ v. a. To overlook, to have
under the view ; to oversee at one in authority ; to
view as examining.
SURVEY, sur-va,' or s&r-va, «. View, prospect.
This substantive was, till within these few years,
universally pronounced with the aeceut on the last sylla-
jle, like the verb ; but since Johnson and Lowth led the
way, a very laudable desire of regulating and improving
our language has given the substantive the accent on the
first syllable, according to a very general rule in the lan-
guage, 492 ; but this has produced an anomaly in pro-
nunciation, for which, in my opinion, the accentual dis-
tinction of the noun and verb does not make amends : if
we place the accent on the first syllable of the noun, the
ty in the last must necessarily be pronounced like ey in
'iarley, attorney, journey, &c. Notwithstanding there-
fore this accentuation has numbers to support it; I think
it but a short-sighted emendation, and not worth adopt-
ing. All our orthoepists pronounce the verb with the
accent on the last, except Penning, who accents the first.
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Nares, Dr. Ash, Perry,
and Entick, accent the first syllable of the noun ; but Dr.
Johnson and Bailey, the original lexicographers, accent
the last. Dr. Kenrick does not accent the noun, and
Barclay has not inserted it.
SURVEYOR, s&r-va-ir, s. 166. An overseer, one
placed to superintend others ; a measurer of laud.
SURVIVORSHIP, s&r-va-iir-slfip, s. The office of
a surveyor.
To SURVIVE, s&r.vlve,' v. n. To lire after the
death of another ; to remain alive.
To SURVIVE, sfrr-vlve,' v. n. To outlive.
SURVIVOR, s&r-vl-vfrr, g. One who outlives ano-
ther.
SURVIVORSHIP, s&r-vl-vir-shlp, t. The state of
outliving another.
SUSCEPTIBILITY, sus-s3p-t£ bll-£-tt*, *. Quality
of admitting, tendency to admit.
SUSCEPTIBLE, s&s-sepit^-bl, adj. Capable of ad-
mitting. — See Incomparable.
Jj^f Dr. Johnson says, Prior has accented this word
improperly on the first syllable. To which observation
Mr. Mason adds, " Perhaps it is Johnson who has im-
&roperly placed the accent on the second syllable." If
Ir. Mason were asked why ? perhaps he would be puz-
zled to answer. If it be said that usage is on the side of
Prior, what shall we think of all our orthoepists who
have accented this word like Johnson ? for thus we find
the word accented by Sheridan, Kenrick, Scott, Perry,
VV. Johnston, Buchanan, and Barclay. Entick has, in-
deed, the accent on the first, but on the second of TUI-
ceptive; and if usage alone is pleaded for the accent on
the first, it may be answered, what can be a better proof
of usage than the authors I have quoted ? But Mr.
Nares, with his usual good sense, reprobates this accen-
tuation on the first syllable, and says it is high time to
oppose it. The only argument that can be alleged for
it, is that which Mr. Elpninston has brought in favour of
comparable, admirable, and acceptable, which is, that
when the accent is on the second syllable of these words,
they signify only a physical possibility of being compared,
admired, and accepted} but when the accent is on tho
first, they signify a fitness or worthiness of being cumpur-
ed, admired, and accepted. " Thus," says Iw, " one
thing is literally comparable with another, if it can be
compared with it, though not perhap's compa-able, that
is, ht to be compared to it ; so a thing may be accep'ta-
bie by a man, that is far from being acceptable to him."
— Principles of the English Language, vol. i. page 169.
This is the best reason I ever yet heard for this high ac-
centuation ; but how such a difference of pronunciation
tends to perplex and obscure the meaning, may be seen
under the word Bowl; nor does the word in question
seem susceptible of such a difference in the sense from a
To SURROGATE, s&l'ir A gite, l>. «. To put in the different accentuation. When Poets are on the rack for
place of anotlwu ' * WOT(l °* * <*rtwn length and ft csrtain accent, it M fhaiv
SWA
508
SWE
%y- 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — ml 93, m5t 35— pine 105, pin 107— ni 1C2, move 1 64,
ty to make allowances for their necessities ; but no quar-
ters should be given to coxcombs in prose, who have no
better plea for a novelty of pronunciation, than a fop
has for being the first in the fashion, however ridiculous
and absurd.
SUSCEPTIOV, S&S-S^p-sh&n, *. Act of taking.
SUSCEPTIVE, S&S-s£pUlv, adj. 157. Capable to ad-
mit.
SUSCIPIENCY, s&S-slp-pe'-e'n-se', «. Reception, ad-
mission.
SUSCIPIENT, sfis-slp^p£-3nt, i. One who takes,
one who admits or receives.
To SusciTATE, susis^-tate, v. n. 91. To rouse, to
excite.
SusciTATIOV, sfis-s^-ta-shfin, s. The act of rous-
ing or exciting.
To SUSPECT, sus-plkt,' v. a. To imagine with a
degree of fear and jealousy, what is not known ; to im-
agine guilty without proof; to hold uncertain.
To SUSPECT, s&s-plkt/ ». n. To imagine guilt.
SUSPECT, s&s-pSkt,' part. adj. Doubtful.
To SUSPEND, sis-pe'nd,' v. a. To hang, to make
to hang by any thing ; to make to depend upon ; to
interrupt, to make to stop for a time ; to delay, to hin-
der from proceeding; to debar for a time from the
execution of an office or enjoyment of a revenue.
SUSPENSE, sZlS-p£nse/ s. Uncertainty, delay of cer-
tainty or determination ; act of withholding the judg-
ment; privation for a time, impediment for a time;
stop in the midst of two opposites.
SUSPENSE, s&s-pe'nse/ adj. Held from proceeding ;
held in doubt, held in expectation.
SUSPENSION, s&s-p&i^sh&n, s. Act of making to
hang on any thing ; act of making to depend on any
thing ; act of delaying ; act of withholding or balancing
the judgment; interruption; temporary cessation.
SUSPENSORY, sfis-pen-s&r-£, adj. 512. Belong-
ing to that by which a thing hangs — See Domcttick.
SUSPICION, sfis-plshi&n, *. The act of suspect-
ing, imagination of something ill without proof.
SUSPICIOUS, s&s-plshi&s, adj. 314. Inclined to
suspect, inclined to imagine ill without proof; liable
to suspicion, giving reason to imagine ill.
SUSPICIOUSLY, s&s-plsh-&s-te, adv. With suspi-
cion ; so as to raise suspicion.
SUSPICIOUSNESS, s&s-plsh-iXs-nes, *. Tending to
suspicion.
SUSPIRATION, s&s-sp^-ra^sh&n, s. Sigh, act of
fetching the breath deep.
To SUSPIRE, s&s-spire/ v. a. To sigh, to fetch the
breath deep ; It seems in Shakespeare to mean only to
begin to breathe.
To SUSTAIN, sus-tane,' v. a. To bear, to prop, to
hold up ; to support, to keep from sinking under evil ;
to maintain, to keep ; to help, to relieve, to assist ; to
bear, to endure ; to bear without yielding ; to suffer,
to bear as inflicted.
SUSTAINABLE, s&s-ta-na-bl, adj. That may be
sustained.
SuSTAINER, S&s-tain&r, s. 98. One who props,
one who supports ; one who suffers, a sufferer.
SUSTENANCE, sis^li-nanse, *. Support, mainte-
nance; necessaries of life, victuals.
SUSTENTATION, S&S-t4n-ta-sli&ri, *. Support, pre-
servation from falling ; maintenance ; support of life,
use of victuals.
SUSURRATION', si-sfir-ra-sh6n, j. Whisper, soft
murmur. — See Mucuicnt.
SUTLER, s&t-l&r, *. 98.
sions.
A man who sells pro»i-
SUTURE, st-tshire, s. 463. A manner of sewing
or stitching, particularly wounds; Suture is a particu-
lar articulation.
SWAB, swob, *. 85. A kind of mop to clean floors.
To SWAB, swob, «. a. To clean with a mop.
SWABBER, sw6b-b&r, s. 98. A sweeper of the deck.
To SWADDLE, swididl, v. a. 405 To swathe, to
bind in clothes, generally u=ed of binding ncw-bo;
children ; to beat, to cudgcL
SWADDLE, sw6d-dl, *. 405. Clothes bound round
the body.
SwADDLINGBAND, swodMlng-band, ^
SWADDLINGCLOUT, SWod-llng-kl6ut, C S. Cloth
SWADDUNGCLOTH, swod-llng-kl6<A, )
wrapped round a new-born child.
To SWAG, swag, v. n. 85. To sink down by iu
weight, to lie heavy.
To SWAGGER, swagigfir, v. n. 98. To bluster, to
bully, to be turbulently and tumultuously proud.
SWAGGERER, swagi-gfir-ir, s. 383. A blusterer;
a bully, a turbulent noisy fellow.
SWAGGY, swagigi, adj. 383. Dependent by iu
weight.
SWAIN, swane, s. 202. 383. A young man ; a coun-
try servant employed in husbandry ; a pastoral youth.
To SWALE, swale, 1 r. n. To waste or
To SWEAL, swele, 227. J blaze away; to melt.
SWALLOW, sw61-16, s. 327. A small bird of pas-
sage, or, as some say, a bird that lies hid and sleeps in
winter.
To SWALLOW, swoW6, ». a. To take down the
throat ; to receive without examination ; to engross, to
appropriate ; to absorb, to take in, to sink in any abyss,
to ingulf ; to devour, to destroy ; to engross, to engage
completely.
SWALLOW, sw61-lA, i. 85. The throat, voracity.
SWAM, swam. The pret. of Swim.
SWAMP, swimp, *. A marsh, a bog, a fen.
SWAMPY, sw5m-p£, adj. Boggy, fenny.
SWAN, swSn, s. 85. A large water fowl
SWANSKIN, swjniskln, s. A kind of soft flannel.
SWAP, swop, adv. 85. Hastily, with hasty vio-
lence, as, he did it Swap.
SWARD, sward, s. The skin of bacon ; the surface
of the ground.
SWARE, sware. The pret. of Swear.
SWARM, swarm, s. 85. A great body or number
of bees or other small animals; a multitude, a crowd.
To SWARM, swarm, v. n. To rise as bees in a
body, and quit the hive; to appear in multitudes, to
crowd, to throng ; to be crowded, to be over-run, to
be thronged ; to breed multitudes.
SWART, swart,
SWARTH, swartA
, I
Black, darkly brown,
tawny. In Milton, gloomy, malignant.
SWARTHILY, swaK//i£-le, adv. Blackly, duskily,
tawnily.
SWARTHINESS, swar-M^-n^s, s. Darkness of com-
plexion, tawniness.
SWARTHY, swir£/A£, adj. Dark of complexion,
black, dusky, tawny.
To SWASH, swish, v. n. To make a great clatter
or noise.
SWASH-BUCKLER, sw6sh-b&k-l5r, i. A furious
combatant.
SWASHER, sw Ssh'&r, j. One who makes a show of
valour or force.
To SWATHE, swarae, o. a. 467. To bind as a
child with bands and rollers.
To SWAY, swa, v. a. To wave in the hand, to move
or wield with facility; to bias, to direct to either side;
to govern, to rule, to overpower, to influence.
To SWAY, swa, v. n. To hang heavy, to be drawn
by weight ; to have weight, to have influence ; to bear
rule, to govern.
SWAY, swa, s. The swing or sweep of a weapon ;
any thing moving with bulk and power ; power, rule,
dominion ; influence, direction.
To SWEAR, snare, ». rt. 240. Pret. Swore, or
Sware ; part. past. Sworn. To obtest some superior
power, to utter an oath ; to declare or promise ujx.n
oath ; to give evidence upon oath ; to obtest the grcal
name profanely.
To SWEAR, sware, v. a. 240. To put to an oath ;
to declare upon oath ; to obtest by an oath.
8WE
509
8WI
i*Sr 167, nit 163 — t&be 171, t&b 172, bill 173—511 299 — pSind 313— i/iin 466 — THra 469.
SWEARER, sw4-r&r, i. 98. A wretch who obtests SWELTRY, sw3l-tr£, adj. Suffocating with heat,
the great name wantonly and profanely. SWEPT, swept The part, and pret. of sweep.
SWEAT, sw£t, s 234. The matter evacuated at the
pores by heat or labour ; labour, toil, drudgery ; eva-
poration or moisture.
To SWEAT, swet, v. n. Pret. Swet, Sweated ; part,
pass. Sweaten. To be moist on the body with heat or
labour; to toil, to labour, to drudge ; to emit moisture.
To SWEAT, sw£t, v. a. To emit as sweat.
SWEATER, sw£t-&r, s. 98. One who sweats.
SWEATY, swel-td, adj. Covered with sweat, moist
with sweat ; consisting of sweat ; laborious, toilsome.
To SWEEP, sweep, v. a. 246. To draw away with
a besom ; to clean with a besom ; to carry with pomp ;
to drive or carry off with celerity and violence ; to pass
over with celerity and force ; to rub over j to strike
with a long stroke.
To SWEEP, swe^p, v. n. To pass with violence, tu-
mult, or swiftness ; to pass with pomp, to pass with an
equal motion ; to move with a long reach.
SWEEP, sweip, s. The act of sweeping ; the com-
pass of any violent or continued motion ; violent de-
struction ; direction of any motion not rectilinear.
SWEEPINGS, sweep'lngz, s. 410. That which is
swept away.
SWEEPNET, sweep-nSt, j. A net that takes in a
great compass.
SWEEPSTAKE, sweep-stake, j. A man that wins
all ; a prize at a race.
SWEEPY, sweep^e, adj. Passing with great speed
and violence.
SWEET, sweet, adj. 246. Pleasing to any sense ;
luscious to the taste ; fragrant to the smell ; melodious
to the ear ; pleasing to the eye ; mild, soft, gentle ;
grateful, pleasing ; not stale, not stinking, as, that meat
is sweat.
SWEET, sweet, s. Sweetness, something pleasing ; a
a word of endearment ; a perfume.
SWEETBREAD,- sweet-bred, s. The pancreas of the
calf.
SWEETBRIAR, sweetibi i-&r, *. A fragrant shrub.
SwEETBROOM, sweet^broim, *. An herb.
To SWEETEN, sweet-tn, v. a. 1 03. To make
sweet; to make mild or kind; to make less painful ; to
palliate, to reconcile ; to make grateful or pleasing ; to
soften, to make delicate.
SWEETENER, sweet-tn-&r, s. One who palliates,
one who represents things tenderly ; that which tempers
acrimony.
SWEETHEART, sweet-hirt, s. A lover or mistress.
SWEETING, sweet-Ing, $. 410. A sweet luscious
apple ; a word of endearment.
SWEETISH, sweetilsb, ad;. Somewhat sweet.
SWEETLY, sweet-le, adv. In a sweet manner ;
with sweetness.
SWEETMEAT, sweet-mete, *. Delicacies made 01
fruits preserved with sugar.
SWEETNESS, sweet-nes, s. The quality of being
sweet in any of its senses.
SWEETWII.LIAM, sweet- wil-y&m, j. A plant, it
is a species of gilliflower.
SWEETWILLOW, sweet-wll-16, *. Gale or Dutch
myrtle.
To SWELL, sw£ll, v. n. Part. pass. Swollen. To
grow bigger, to grow turgid, to extend the parts ; to
tumefy by obstruction ; to be exasperated ; to look big ;
to protuberate ; to rise into arrogance, to be elated; to
be inflated with anger ; to grow upon the view.
To SWELL, sw£ll, v. a. To cause to rise or increase,
to make tumid ; to aggravate, to heighten ; to raise to
arrogance.
SWELL, swell, s. Extension of bulk.
SWELLING, swel-llng, s. 410. Morbid tumour
protuberance; prominence; effort for a vent.
To SWELTER, swel-t&r, v. n. 98. To be pained
with heat.
To SWELTER, swSl-t&r, v, a. To parch, to dry up
To SWERVE, sweYv, v. n. To wander, to rove ; to
deviate, to depart from rule, custom, or duty ; to ply,
to bend.
SWIFT, swift, adj. Moving far in a short time, quick,
fleet, speedy, nimble ; ready.
SWIFT, swift, i. A bird like a swallow, a martinet ;
the current of a stream.
SWIFTLY, swift-li, adv. Fleetly, rapidly, nimbly.
SWIFTNESS, swift^n^s, J. Speed, nimbleness, iapi.
dity, quickness, velocity, celerity.
To SWIG, swig, v. n. To drink by large draughts.
To SWILL, swill, v. a. To drink luxuriously and
grossly ; to wash, to drench ; to inebriate.
SwiLL, swill, s. brink luxuriously poured down.
SwiLLER, swllM&r, s. 98. A luxurious drinker.
To SWIM, swim, v. n. Pret. Swam, Sworn, or Swum.
To float on the water, not to sink ; to move progres-
sively in the water by the motion of the limbs; to be
conveyed by the stream ; to glide along with a smooth
or dizzy motion; to be dizzy, to be vertiginous ; to be
floated ; to have abundance of any quality, to flow.
To SWIM, swim, v. a. To pass by swimming.
SwiM, swim, s. The bladder of fishes by which they
are supported in the water.
SWIMMER, swimimir, s. 98. One who swims ; the
protuberance in the legs of a horse resembling a piece
of hard dry horn.
SWIMMINGLY, swlmimlng-l^, adv. Smoothly,
without obstruction.
To SWINDLE, swlnidl, v. a. 405 To cheat under
the pretence of trading or trafficking.
J£5" This word has been in very general use for near
twenty years, and has not yet found its way into any of
our Dictionaries.
From the recent introduction of this word, one should
be led to believe, that this country was, till lately, a stran-
ger to this species of fraud ; but that it should be imported
us by so honest a people as the Germans, is still more
surprising. That a language is a map of the science and
mannere of the people who speak it, will scarcely be ques-
tioned by those who consider the origin and progress of
the human understanding ; and if so, it is impossible that
the manners should not influence the language, and that
the language should not correspond to the manners. From
this reasoning therefore we may conclude, that the faiih
of traffick was more sacred in England than in Germany,
though Germany might iu other respects be less vicious
than England.
SWINE, swine, s. A hog, a pig, a sow.
SwiNEBREAD, swine-bred, i. A kind of plant ;
truffles.
SWINEHERD, swine-herd, j. A keeper of hogs.
K^- This word, in the north of England, is pronounced
twinnardt and shows the tendency of our language to
shorten the simple in the compound.'— See Principles, No.
SwiNEPlPE, swine-pipe, s. A bird of the thrush
kind.
To SWING, swing, r. n. 410. To wave to and fro
hanging loosely ; to fly backward and forward 01. a
rope.
To SWING, swing, v. a. Pret. Swang, Swung.
To make to play loosely on a string ; to whirl round in
the air, to wave loosely.
SWING, swing, s. Motion of any thing hanging
loosely; a line on which any thing hangs loose; influ-
ence or power of a body put in motion ; course, unre-
strained liberty; unrestrained tendency.
To SwiNGE, swlnje, v- a. To whip, to bastinado,
to punish ; to move as a lash.
SWINGEBUCKLER, Swlnje-b&k-l&r, S. A bully, a
man who pretends to feats of arms. An old cant word.
SWINGER, swlng'&r, s. 98. He who swings, a
hurler.
SWINGING, svln-jlng, adj. Great, hugo.
SwiNGINGLY, swin-jlng-U, adv. Vastly, greatly.
SWINISH, swiinlsb, adj. Befitting swine, resembling.
»wuie, grow.
D
SYL
51 a
SYN
t5" 559. FAte 7S, fir 77, fAll 8S, fit 81 — mi 93, in<h 95— pine 105, pin 107— no 162, movo 1 6<,
To SWINK, swlnjrk, t;. a. To overlabour. Obwiete. "? '» uttered by the help of one vowel or one articula-
i tion ; any thing proverbially concise.
SWITCH, swltsh, *. A .mall aexible twig. Tg SYLLABLE, silHi.bl, v. a. To utter, to pro-
To SWITCH, swltsh, v. a. To lash, to jerk. nounce, to articulate.
SWIVEL, swivivl, *. 102. Something fixed in anc- SYLLABUB, sll-li-bub, S. Milk and acid. Rightly
ther body so as to turn round in it. I Sillabub, which see.
SwoBBER, swAb^b&r, s. A sweeper of the deck ; SYLLABUS, slWi-bfis, s. An abstract, a compen-
dium containing the heads of a discourse.
SYLLOGIZM, sll-lA-jizm, s. An argument coinpo*-
ed of three propositions.
~ ?iii*zfii4i
SYLLOGISTICAL, sll-16 jisiti-kil,
four privileged cards that are only incidentally used iu
betting at the game of whist.— See Swabber,
SWOLLEN,
SWOLN,
SWOM, swSm. The pret. of Swim. Not in use, j SYLLOGISTICK, sll-lA jlsitik, 509.
Swam supplying its place. j ing to a syllogism, consisting of a syllogism
To SWOON, sw6An, v. n. 475. To suffer a aus-
pension of thought and sensation, to faint.
J£^" This word should be carefully distinguished in
the pronunciation from soon: the w, as Mr. Nares justly
observes, is effective, and should be heard. It would
aclj. Relut-
have been beneath a Dictionary of the least credit to take
notice of a vulgar pronunciation of this word as if writ-
ten sound, if it had not been adopted by one of our or-
thoepists. The same observation holds good of the fol-
lowing word, which must not be pronounced exactly like
soop.
SWOON, swSSn, S. A lipothyray, a fainting fit.
To SwoOP, swodp, v. a 306. To fall at once as
a hawk upon its prey ; to prey upon, to catch up.
SWOOP, swuSp, S. Fall of a bird of prey upon his
quarry.
To SWOP, swop, v. a. To change, to exchange
one thing for another.
SwORD, sord, *. 475. A weapon used either in
cutting or thrusting, the usual weapon of fights hand
to hand; destruction by war; vengeance ot justice;
emblem of authority.
SwORDED, sArd^d, adj. Girt with a sword.
SwORDER, sArd-ur, s. 98. A cut-throat, a soldier.
Not in use.
SWORDFISH, sArd-fish, s. A fish with a long sharp
bone issuing from his head.
SwORDGRASS, sArd-grSs, s. A kind of aedge, glader.
SwORDKNOT, sArd-iiot, s. Ribband tied to the
hilt of a sword.
SwORDLAW, sArd^ldw, s. Violence.
SwoRDMAN, sArd-m&n, s. Soldier, fighting man.
£5- I see no good reason why we should not write «nd
pronounce swordsman and gownsman rather than suord-
nan and gownman, though Johnson produces his autho-
rities for the latter orthography from good authors. The
t seems to have intervened naturally between the mute
and liquid to facilitate the pronunciation, as in states-
nan, sportsman, huntsman, and sometimes between the
two liquids, as, townsman, salesman, &c. But Dr John-
son's sense of the word swordman, meaning a man of
the profession of thesword, ,)r a soldier, is BOW obsolete :
we now never heat the word but as signifying a man ex-
pert in the use of the sword ; and in this sense he is al-
SYLLOGISTICALLY, sil-lo-jls-t£-kiU-*i, ado.
the form of a syllogism.
To SYLLOGIZE, sil-lA-jize, v. n. To reason by :
logisra.
SYLPH, sllf, s. A fabled being of the air.
SYLVAN, sllivin, adj. 88. Woody, shady.
SYLVAN, sll-vin, j. A wood god, a satyr.
SYMBOL, slm-bfrl, s. 166. An abstract, a compen-
dium, a comprehensive form ; a type, that which com-
prehends in its figure a representation of something
else.
SYMBOLICAL, slm-b&W-kil, adj. 509. Repre-
sentative, typical, expressing by signs.
SYMBOLICALLY, sim-b6l-d-kil-4, adv. Typically,
by representation.
SYMBOLIZATION, slm-b&l-l£-zaish&n, j. The act
of symbolizing, representation, resemblance.
To SYMBOLIZE, sWbA-lize, v. n. 1 70. To have
something iu common with another by representative
qualities.
To SYMBOLIZE, slraibA-lize, v. a To make re-
presentative of something.
SYMMETRICAL, slm-iu£t-tr£-kiU, adj. Propor-
tionate, having parts well adapted to each other.
SYMMETRIST, sim-m^-trlst, s. One rery studious
or observant of proportion.
To SYMMETRIZE, sim-m4-trize, v. a. To bring
to symmetry.
SYMMETRY, simim<5-tr4, s. Adaptation of parts to
each other, proportion, harmony, agreement of one
part to another.
SYMPATHETICAL, sira
SYMPATHETIC^ sim-pA Met-ik,
l, >
5oa
Having mutual sensation, being affected Dy what hap
pens to the other.
SYMPATHETICALLY, slm-pi-j/i£t£te- kAl-^, ad#.
509. With sympathy, in consequence of sym path).
To SYMPATHIZE, slm-pi-//a/e, v. n. TO feel. with
another, to feel in consequence of what another feels,
to feel mutually.
SYMPATHY,
Fellow feeling, mutual
sensibility, the quality of being affected by the ad'ec*
tion of another.
ways called a swordsman.
SWOKDPLAYER, sArd-pla-Ur, s. Gladiator, fencer.
SWORE, s wire. The pi-et. of Swear. i SYMPHONIOUS, slm-foini-us, adj. Harmonious,
SWORN, sworn. The part. 2>nss. of Swear. agreeing in sound.
SYMPHONY, slm-fA-nt*. s. 170. Concert of instru-
menu, harmony of mingled sounds.
SYMPOSIACK, sim-p^zhtUk, adj. 451. Relating
SWL'M, swim. Fret, and part pass, of Swim.
UNO, swing 410. Fret. & part. pass, of Swing.
SYBARITE, slb^i-ilte, *. 156. An inhabitant of! to merry-making.
SYMPTOMATICAL, slm-to-mit-te-kil. 509. 1
SYCAMORE, slk-i-inAre, s. A tree.
SYCOPHANT, slk-A-fint, *. A flatterer, a parasite.
SYCOPHANTICK, slk-A-fln-tlk, adj. Flattering,
parasitical.
SYLLABICAL, sll-Mbi<l-kil, adj. Relating to syl-
lables, consisting of syllables.
SYLLABICALLY, sil-lit^e-kil-ti, adv. in a syi-
labical manner.
SYLI.ABICK.sil-liblik, adj.509. Relating to syllables.
SYLLABLE, sil-li-bl, a^'. 405. As much of a word
SYMPTOMATICK, slm-tA
Hapl>ening concurrently, or occasionally.
SYMFTOMATICALLY, slra-to-raatitti-kil-^arfi'. In
the nature of a symptom.
SYNAGOGUE, sln^i gig, s. 338. An assembly of
the Jews to worship.
SYNALEPHA, si:i-<\-le'ft, J. 92. A contraction or
excision of a syllable iu a Latin verse, by joining !;>-
gethur two vowola in the scduniiifi, 01 cuttinjj oil ui«
ending vurel.
svs
511
TAD
167, nil 163 — t&be 171, t&b 172, bull 173—611 299— pSflnd 313 — thin 466 — THIS 4£9«
SYNCHRONICAL, sln-kr6ni4-kal, adj.
ing together at the same time.
Hap|>en-
SYNCHRONISM, slngikrA-nlzm, *. 408. Concur-
rence of events, happening at the same time.
SYNCHRONOUS, slngikr6-n&s, adj. Happening at
the same time.
, sin-no-dal, T
.L, s^-n6iW-kJ!, V adj. Relating to
, s4-n<!>(Klk, 509. J
SYNCOPE, slngiki-pt*. s. 96. 408. Fainting fit ;
contraction of a word by cutting off part.
SYNCOPIST, slngikA-pfst, s. Contractor of words.
SYNCRATISM, slngikrA-tizm, s. A junction of two
against a third power.
SYNDROME, slnidrA-md, s. 96. Concurrent ac-
tion, concurrence.
SYNECDOCHE, s£-n£kid<i-k(*, *. 352. 96. A fi-
gure by which part is taken for the whole, or the whole
for part.
SYNECPHONESIS, sln-£k-fi-n4-sls, s. A contrac-
tion of two syllables into one,
SYNOD, slll-n&d, S. 166. An assembly, particu-
larly of ecclesiastieks ; conjunction of the heavenly
bodies.
|£5» A plain English speaker would always pronounce
the y in this word long; nor is it pronounced short by
the more informed speaker, because the y is short in Sy-
nodus, but because we always pronounce it so in the Latin
word. — Sec Principles, No. 544.
SYNODAL, sin£nA-dal,
SYNODICAL
SYNODICK
a synod, transacted in a synod ; reckoned from one
conjunction with the sun to another.
SYNODICALLY, li-nAd^-lrjU-4, ado. By the au-
thority of a synod or publick assembly.
SYNONYMA, s^-nun^nd-ma, s. 92. Names which
signify the same thing.
SYNONYME, sln'6-ntm, *. A word of the same
meaning as some other word.
To SYNONYMISE, s£-nin-n£-mlze, v. a. To ex-
press the same thing in different words.
SYNONYMOUS, s^-n&n-n^-mis, adj. Expressing
the same thing by different words.
SYNONYMY, s£-nun-nt* tin*, s. The quality of ex-
pressing by different words the same thing See 3Ieto~
nymy,
SYNOPSIS, s£-n5pisis, s. A general view, all the
parts brought under one view.
SYNOPTICAL, s£-n&p£t£-k&l, adj. Affording a view
of many parts at once.
SYNTACTICAL, sin-takit£-kil, adj. Conjoined, fit-
ted to each other ; relating to the construction of speech.
SYNTAX, slnUaks, f
SYNTAXIS, sin-taksMs, \ s" A system- a number
of things joined together; that part of grammar which
teaches the construction of words.
SYNTHESIS, sln-{/j4-sls, 3. The act of joining, op-
posed to analysis.
SYNTHETICK, sin *A£tit!k, adj. 509. Conjoining,
compounding, forming composition.
SYPHON, sRf&n, s. 166. A tube, a pipe.
SYRINGE, slriinje, *. 184. A pipe through which
any liquor is squirted.
To SYRINGE, sirMnje, v. a. To spout by a syr-
inge ; to wash with a syringe.
SYRINGOTOMY, sir-ing- gotitu-m£, s. The act or
practice of cutting fistulas or hollow sores.
SYRTIS, sSr-tls, *. 184. A quicksand, a bog.
SYSTEM, sls-t£m, s. Any complexure or combi-
nation of many things acting together ; a scheme which
reduces many things to regular dependence or co-ope-
ration j a scheme which unites many things in order.
ft^" I have met with this word no where but in Ma-
sonVSiipplement to Johnson, and there I find it accented
in a different way from what I have always heard it in
conversation. In those circles which I have frequented,
the accent has been placed on the first syllable ; and if
we survey the words of this termination, we shall find
that ize is added to every word without altering the place
of the accent ; and that consequent!' ~
to have the accent on the first syllabl _____
specious; but when we consider that this word is hot
formed from the English word System, but from the
ly Systematize ought
lie. This reasoning is
Greek
, or the latter Latin Systema, we shall find
that the accent is very properly placed on the second syl-
lable according to the general rule. If we place the ac-
cent on the first, we ought to S)(ell the word Systemue,
and then it would be analogically pronounced ; but as
our best writers and speakers have formed the word on
the Greek and Latin plan, it ought to be written and pro-
nounced as IJIr. Mason has given it.
SYSTOLE, sls-to-1^, *. 96. In Anatomy, the con-
traction of the heart ; in Grammar, the shortening of
a long syllable.
T.
TABBY, tabib<*, s. A kind of waved silk.
TABBY, tab^b^, adj. Brinded, brindled
TABEFACTIO.V, tab-4-fak-shun, s. The act of
waiting away.
To TABEFY," tabid-fl, v. n. To waste, to be ex-
tenuated by disease.
TABERNACLE, tab^r-na.kl, s. 405. A temporary
habitation, a casual dwelling ; a sacred place, a place
of worship.
TABID, taWld, adj. 544. Wasted by disease, con-
sumptive.
55" Buchanan is the only orthoepist that has this word
who pronounces the a lonp. This is indulging the genius
of our own pronunciation in dissyllables of this form; but
as we pronounce the a short in" taltidui, though long in
Latin, we carry this wrong pronunciation into our own
language.
TABIDNESS, t3b4d-n5s, *. Consumptiveness, state
of being wasted by disease.
TABLATURE, tib-li-tiire, &. 463. Painting on walb
or ceilings.
TABLE, ta-bl, s. 405. Any flat or level lurface ; a-
horizontal surface raised above the ground, used for
meals and other purposes ; the persons sitting at table ;
the fare or entertainment itself, as, he keeps a good ta-
ble ; a table, a surface on which any thing is written or
engraved; an index, a collection ot1 heads ; a synopsis,
many particulars btouuht into one view; draughts,
small pieces of wood shifted on squares ; to turn the
Tables, to change the condition or fortune of two con-
tending parties.
To TABLE, ta-bl, t>. a. To make into » catalogue,
to set down. Not in use.
TABLE-BEER, ta-bl-beer,' s. Beer used at victuals,
small beer.
TABLE-BOOK, taibl-b65k, *. A book on which
any thing is graved or written without ink.
TABLE-CLOTH, ta-bl-klul/j, s. Linen spread on a
table.
TABLER, taM>l-ir, s. 98. One who boards.
TABLETALK, taibl-tawk, s. Conversation at meals
or entertainments.
TABLET, tab-l£t, s. A small level surface; a sur-
face written on or painted.
TABOUR, ta^bur, s. 314. A small drum, a drum
beaten with one stick to accompany a pipe.
TABOURER, ta-bur-tir, s. 98. One who beats the
SYSTEMATICAL, sis-t£-mat-td-kai, adf. Method*- Tta!?2v',r' .„ t\,t\ 3.
cal, written or formed with regular subordination of TABOURET, tab-&r-3t s. A small drum or labour,
one part to another. TABOL'RINE, tab-ur-ee:),' S. 142. A labour, a small
SYSTEMATICALLY, sls-t^-mut-t^-kal-i, adv. 509. drum.
In form of a system.
TABRET, tJb'rth, s. A labour.
SYSTEMATIZE, sls-t^m-i-the, v. a. To reduce TABULAR, tab^u-llr, a<lj. Set down in the form
tc a system. I ot* tables or synopses ; formed in lau.intE, set in squatt*..
TAK
TAL
fc> 559. FateTS, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — miyS, m£t 9$ — pine 103, pin 1071 — nA 162, m<5re 164,
To TABULATE, tabih-latc, v. a. To reduce to ta-
bles or synopses.
TABULATED, tul>£6-la-t£d, adj. Having a flat sur-
face.
TACHE, tatsb, «. Any thing taken hold of, a catch,
a loop, a button.
TACIT, tas-It, adj. 544. Silent, implied, not ex-
pressed by words.
TACITLY, tasiit-l£, adv. Silently, without oral ex-
pression.
TACITURNITY, tas-£-t&r£n£-t£, *. Habitual si-
lence.
To TACK, tak, V. O. To fasten to any thing j to
join, to write, to stitch together.
To TACK, tak, v. n. To turn a ship. „
TACK, tak, *. A small nail ; the act of turning ships
at sea ; to hold Tack, to last, to hokl out.
TACKLE, tak-kl, s. 405. Instruments of action ;
the ropes of a ship.
TACKLED, tak-kld, adj. 359. Made of ropes tacked
together.
TACKLING, taUllng, *. 410. Furniture of the
mast ; instruments of action.
TACTICAL, tik-t£-kal, > adj. 509. Relating to the
TACTICK, takitlk, £ art of ranging a battle.
TACTICKS, tak-tlks, *. The art of ranging men in
the field of battle.
TACTILE, tak-til, adj. 1 40. Susceptible of touch.
TACTILITY, tak-tll^Ud, *. Perceptibility by the
touch.
TACTION, tak^shin, s. The act of touching.
TADPOLE, tad-pAle. s. A young shapeless frog or
toad, consisting only of a body and a tail.
TA'EN, tane. The poetical contraction of Taken.
TAFFETA, taftfii-ta, *. A thin silk.
TAG, tag, t. A point of metal put to the end of a
string ; any thing paltry and mean.
TAG-RAG, tAgirag, s. Composed of tag and rag ;
people of the lowest degree.
To TAG,
V. a. To fit any thing with an end,
as, to Tag a lace ; to append one thing to another ; to
join, this is properly to lack.
TAGTAIL, tig-tale, s. A worm which has the tail
of another colour.
TAIL, tale, s. 202. That which terminates the ani-
mal behind, the continuation of the vertebra? of the
back hanging loose behind ; the lower part ; anything
hanging long, a catkin ; the hinder part of any "thing ;
to turn Tail, to fly, to run away.
TAILED, tald, adj. 359. Furnished with a tail.
TAILLE, tale, s. A limited estate, an entail.
TAILOR, ta-l&r, s. 166. One whose business is to
make clothes.
To TAINT, tint, ». a. 202. To imbue or impreg-
nate with anything; to stain, to sully; to infect; to
engage in, to be active in ; to admit in copulation ; to
use as an oath or expression; to seize as a disease; to
Take away, to deprive of; to set aside, to remove ; to
Take care, to be careful, to be solicitous for, to super-
intend ; to Take course, to have recourse to measures ;
to Take down, to crush, to reduce, to suppress; to
swallow, to take by the mouth ; to Take from, to de-
rogate, to detract; to deprive of; to Take heed, to lie
cautious, to beware ; to Take heed to, to attend ; to
Take in, to comprise, to comprehend ; to admit ; to
win ; to receive ; to receive mentally ; to Take oath,
to swear ; to Take off, to invalidate, to destroy, to re-
move; to withhold, to withdraw; to swallow; to pur-
chase; to copy; to find place for ; to remove ; to Take
order with, to check, to take course with ; to Take
out, to remove from within any p'ace ; to Take part,
to share ; to Take place, to prevail, to have effect ; to
Take up, to borrow upon credit or interest ; to be ready
for, to engage with ; to apply to the use of; to begin ;
to fasten with a ligature passed under ; to engross, to
engage; to have final recourse to; to seize, to catch,
to arrest ; to admit ; to answer by reproving, to repri-
mand; to begin where the former left off; to lift; to
occupy ; to accommodate, to adjust ; to comprise ; to
adopt, to assume ; to collect, to exact a tax ; to Take
upon, to appropriate to ; to assume, to admit, to be un-
puted to ; to assume, to claim authority.
To TAKE, take, v. n. To direct the course ; to
have a tendency to ; to please, to gain reception ; to
have the intended or natural effect ; to catch, to fix ;
to Take after, to learn of, to resemble, to imitate ; to
Take in ; to enclose ; to lessen, to contract, as, he tooX
in his sails ; to cheat, to gull ; to Take in hand, to un-
dertake; to Take in with, to resort to; to Take on, to
be violently affected ; to grieve, to pine; to Take to,
to apply to, to be fond of; to betake to, to have re-
cource; to Take up, to stop; to reform ; to Take up
with, to be contented wan ; to lodge, to dwell ; to
Take with, to please.
TAKEN, ta-kn, lOii. The part. pass, of Take.
TAKER, taik&r, s. 98. He who takes.
TAKING, ta-klng, *. 410. Seizure, distress of mind.
TALE, tale, s. A narrative, a story ; oral relation ;
number reckoned; reckoning, numeral account; m
formation, disclosure of any thing secret.
TALEBEARER, tale-ba-rur, s. One who gives of-
ficious or malignant intelligence.
TALEBEARING, taleMja-ring, s. The act of in-
forming,
TALENT, tal-£nt, s. 544. A Talent signified so
much weight, or a sum of money, the value differing
according to the different ages and countries ; faculty,
power, gift of nature; quality, nature.
TALISMAN, tal-iz-rain, s. 88. A magical cha-
racter.
TALISMANICK, tal-lz-manMk, adj. 509. Magical.
To TALK, tiwk, v. n. 84. To speak in conversa-
tion, to speak fluently and familiarly ; to prattle, to
speak impertinently ; togive account; to sptkk, to rea-
son, to confer.
TALK, lawk, *. Oral conversation, fluent and fa-
miliar speech ; report, rumour ; subject of discourse,
TALK, or TALC, tilk, s. Stones composed of plate*
corrupt ; a corrupt contracts of Attaint. I generally parallel, flexible, and ela»tick.
AIN'T, tant, v. n. To be infected, to be touched. ; TALKATIVE, tawk^a-tiv, adj. Full of prate, k>-
TAINT, tant, s. A tincture, a stain ; an insect ;
infection; a snot, a soil, a blemish,
TAINTLESS, tant^l^s, adj. Free from infection.
TAINTURE, tane-tshure, s. 461. Taint, tinge, de-
filement.
To TAKE, take, v. a. Fret. Took ; part, jxiss.
TALKATIVENESS, tawk-a-tlv-nfe, s. Loquacity,
garrulity.
TALKER, tawk-&r, s. 98. One who talks ; a loqua-
cious person, a piattler; a boaster, a bragging fellow.
TALKY,
^, adj. Consisting of talk.
aken, sometimes Took. To receive what is offered ; TALL, till, adj. 84. High in stature ; 'oftv ; sturdy,
i seize what is not given ; to receive; to receive with i i,,,tv
x>d or ill will; to lay hold on, to catch by surprise or ' ™ HM-J. nn
tifiee; to snatch, to seize; to make prisoner; to cap- 1ALLAGE, till-IIaje, S. 9O. Impost, excise.
Taken, sometimes Took.
to seiz
good <
artific
tivate with pleasure, todclight, to engage; to understand TALLOW, tal-16, s. 85. The greaseorfdt of an anv-
in any particular sense or manner ; to use, to employ ; ma| suet_
p'racte'; £%£!1S wlft^com'pirwfth ; to'form', to TALLOWCHANDLER, tiWi-tshind-lir, 5. One
fix ; to catch in the hand, to seize ; to receive into the who makes tallow candles.
mind; to go into; to swallow as a medicine; tochoose TALLY, tal-lti, s. A stick notched or cut in con-
one or more; to copy ; to convey, to carry, to transport ;: f,,rmity to another stick; anything made to suit auo-
to fasten on, to seize ; not to refuse, to accept ; to ad- : ther.
mit; to endure, to bear ; to leap, to jump over; to as- ,„ -r , . . »IIMI •» ,
nine; to allow, to admit; to suppose, to receive in lo TALLY, tAl-te, v. a. To Qt, to »uit, to cut out
Ujou^ht, to entertain in upimoii ; to hiie, to rent ; to. for any thinj;.
TAP 5 '3 TAR
nor 1<S7, nftt 165— tribe 171, t&b ITS, bull 173 — 511 J99 — po&nd 313 — thin 468 — THfs 46$
2 o TALLY, til-It*, v. n. To be fitted, to con fonn, TAPESTRY, taps^tr^, or tapie's-tre', j. Cloth woTen
to be suitable. ( in the regular figures.
TALMUD, ? taKmtid, *. The book containing the ' UO Though the first is the more common, the last ta
the more correct pronunciation ot tins word. Acctml-
J HALMUD, 3 Ji wish traditions, the rabb.nical con- i,1Riy an OUr orthoepists, who divide the words into syl-
stitutions and explications of the law. tables, but Mr. Sheridan, make this woid a trisyllabic.
TAI.NESS, tall-lie's, s. 84.406. Height of stature, TAPROOT, tap-r&6t, s. Tlie principal stem of the root.
procerity.
J}^- This word, by losing an /, is, if we pronounce it
according to the orthography, deprived of its sound ; the
fir*t syllabic, according to this spelling, ought undoubt-
ed'y to be pronounced like the first of tal-law, which suf-
nciently shows the necessity of spelling it with double /.
TALON, t&l-fai, J. 166. 544. The claw of a bird
of prey.
TAMARIND, tamima rind, s. A tree ; the fruit.
TAMARISK, tam-ma-rlsk, s. A tree.
TAMBARINE, tam-bl-r£e'n,/ s. 112. A labour, a
small drum.
TAME, tame, adj. Not wild, domestick ; crushed,
subdued, depressed, spiritless, unanimated.
To TAME, tame, v. n. To reduce from wildness,
to reclaim, to make gentle; to subdue, to crush; to
depress, to conquer.
TAMEABLE, ta^ma-bl, adj. 405. Susceptive of
taming.
TAMELY, tame-\&, adv. Not wildly, meanly, spirit-
lessly.
TAMENESS, tameine's, j. The quality of being
tame, not wildness; want of spirits, timidity.
TAMER, taim&r, s. 98. Conqueror, subduer.
To TAMPER, tamipfir, v. a. 98. To be busy with
physick ; to meddle, to have to do without fitness or
necessity ; to deal, to practise with.
To TAN, tan, v. a. To impregnate or imbue with
bark ; to imbrown by the sun.
TANG, tang, s. 408. A strong taste, a taste left
in the mouth; relish, taste; something that leaves a
sting or pain behind it ; sound, tone.
To TANG, tang, v. n. To ring with.
TANGENT, tan-j5rit, s. Is a right line perpendicu-
larly raised on the extremity of a radius, which touches
a circle so as not to cut it.
s. The quality of
TANGIBILITY, tan-
being perceived by the touch.
TANGIBLE, tin-je-bl, adj. 405. Perceptible by the
touch.
To TANGLE, tangigl, v. a. 405. To implicate, to
knit together ; to ensnare, to entrap; to embroil, to
embarrass.
To TANGLE, tangigl, v. n. To be entangled.
TANGLE, tangigl, s. A knot of things mingled
one in another.
TANK, tangk, s. 408. A large cUtern or basin ;
a little pool or pond.
TANKARD, tangk-urd, S. 88. A large vessel with
a cover, for strong drink.
TANNER, tan^nur, s. 98. One whose trade is to
tan leather.
TANSY, tanize*. s. 438. A plant.
TANTALISM, tan^ta-lizm, s.
that of Tantalus.
A punishment like
To TANTALIZE, tanita-llze, v. a. To torment by
the show of pleasures which cannot be reached.
TANTLING, tant-llng, s. 410. One seized with
hopes of pleasure unattainable. Obsolete.
TANTAMOUNT, tant-a-mount, ailj. Equivalent.
To TAP, tap, v. a. To touch lightly, to strike
gently ; to pierce a vessel, to broach a vessel.
TAP, tap, $. A gentle blow ; a pipe at which the
liquor of a vessel is let out
TAPE, tape, s. A narrow fillet.
TAPER, ta^p&r, *. 76. 98. A wax candle, a light.
TAPER, ta-pii, adj. Regularly narrowed from the
bottom to the top, pyramidal, conical.
Ta TAPER, t&pfcr, v. n. To grow smaller.
TAPSTER, tap-stfrr, s. One whose business u to
draw beer in an alehouse.
TAR, tar, s. 77, 78. 81. Liquid pitch.
TAR, tar, s A sailor, a ludicrous term for a seaman.
To TAR, tar, v. a. To smear over with tar; to
tease, to provoke.
TARANTULA, ta-ranitshii-la, s. 461. An insect
whose b.te is cured only by musick.
TARDATION, tar-da-shun, s. The act of hindering
or delaying.
TARDILY, tarideMe, adv. Slowly, sluggishly.
TARDINESS, tar-di-n£s, s. Slowness, sluggishness,
unwillingness to action or motion.
TARDITY, tir-di-td, *. Slowness, want of velocity.
TARDY, tar-de1, adj. Slow, not swift ; sluggish,
unwilling to action or motion; dilatory, late, tedious.
To TARDY, tar-dt*, v. a. To delay, to hinder.
TARE, tare, s. A weed that grows among corn.
TARE, tare, s. A mercantile word denoting the
weight of any thing containing a commodity, also iin
allowance made for it.
TARE, tare. Preterit, of Tear.
TARGE, tarje, s. A poetical word for Target.
TARGET, tlr-get, s. 381. A kind of buckler or
shield borne on the left arm.
J£5" Mr- Perry and Mr. Barclay, are the only orthoe-
pists who make the g in this word soft; Mr. Sheridan,
Mr. Scott, Mr. Nares, Dr. Kenrick, W. Johnston, IJyche,
and that profound searcher into English sounds, Mr.
Elphinston, make it hard, as in forget : and if etymolo-
gy be any rule, the Erse word an taargttt is decidedly
in favour of this pronunciation ; for almost all our English
words which have the g hard before e and i are of Krs*i
or Saxon original. — bee Principles, No. 380, 581.
TARIFF, tar-If, s. 81. A cartel of commerce.
To TARNISH, tar-nlsh, v. n. To sully, to soil, to
make not bright.
To TARNISH, tarinlsh, v. n. To lose brightness.
TARPAWLING, tar-pawMng, s. Hempen doth
smeared with tar ; a sailor in contempt.
TARRAGON, taKra-g6ii, *. A plant called herb-
dragon.
TARRIANCE, tariri-anse, s. Stay, delay, perhajw
sojourn.
TAUHIER, tai-rt*-4r, «. A sort of small dog that
hunts the fox or otter out of his hole. In this seiisr
it ought to be written and pronounced Terrier, which
see. One that tarries or stays. — See Uaritr.
TARRY, tar^, adj. 82. Besmeared with tar.
To TAllRY, tar-i£, v. n. 81. To stay, tocoutiniie
in a place; lo delay, to be long in coining.
TARSKL, i£r-sll, s. 99. A kind <,t hawk.
TAUT, tart, adj. Sour, acid, acidulated, sharp o/
taste ; sharp, keen, severe.
TART, tart, s. A small pie of fruit.
TARTANE, tar^tan, s. A vessel much used in th«
Mediterranean, with one mast and a thrt-e-corneved saji.
TARTAR, tar-tar, s. Hell. Obsolete. Tartar :*
what sticks to wine casks, like a hard stone.
TARTAREAN, tar-taire-an, adj. Hellish.
TARTAREOUS, tar-ta-rti.&s, adj. Consisting of
tartar ; hellish.
To TARTARIZE, tar^tar-lze, v. a. To impregnate
with tartar.
TARTAROUS, tar^tar-fis, adj. Containing tartar,
consisting of tartar.
TARTLY, tart-l£, adv. Sharply, sourly, with acidi-
ty ; sharply, with poignancy, with severity ; wiih IUUT-
ues* ot u»i>txu
TAU
511
TEA
Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — m£ 93, m&l 95— pine 105, pin J07— n6 162, m3ve!64,
TARTNESS, tart'n3s, ». Sharpness, sourness, acidi-
ty ; sourness of temper, poignancy of language.
TASK, task, s. 79. Something to be done imposed
by another; employment, business; to take to Task ;
to reprove, to reprimand.
To TASK, task, v. a. To burden with something to
be done.
TASKER, taski&r, 7 i. One who im-
TASKM ASTER, taskimas.tfir, } poses tasks.
TASSEL, tasis£l, s. 102. An ornamental bunch of
silk, or glittering substances.
TASSELLED, tis-s£ld, s. Adorned with tassels.
TASTABLE, tast-a-bl, adj. 405. That may be tasted,
sa.roury.
To TASTE, taste, v. a. To perceive and distinguish
by the palate; to try by the mouth, to eat at least in a
small quantity ; to essay first ; to feel, to have percep-
tion of; to relish intellectually, to approve.
To TASTE, taste, v. n. To have a smack, to pro-
duce on the palate a particular sensation ; to distin-
guish intellectually ; to be tinctured, or receive some
quality or character; to try the relish of any thing; to
have perception of ; to take enjoyment; to enjoy spa-
ringly.
TASTE, taste, s. The act of tasting, gustation ; the
sense by which the relish of any thing on the palate is
perceived ; that sensation which all things taken into
the mouth give particularly to the tongue ; intellectual
relish or discernment ; an essay, a trial, an experiment ;
a small portion given as a specimen.
TASTED, tast^ed, adj. Having a particular relish.
TASTER, tast-ur, s. One who takes the first essay
of food; a dram -cup.
TASTEFUL, tasteful, adj. High -relished, savoury.
TASTELESS, tast-lds, adj. Having no power of
perceiving taste ; having no relish or power of stimu-
lating the palate ; having no power of giving pleasure ;
insipid, having no intellectual gust.
TASTELESSNF.SS. tastil£s-n£s, s. Insipidity, want
• of relish ; want of perception of taste ; want of intel
lectual relish.
To TATTER, tat-tur, v. a. To tear, to rend, to
ivake ragged.
TATl'ER, tat-tur, s. A rag, a fluttering rag.
TATTERDEMALION, tat-tur-dd-maUyun, t. A
ragged fellow. A low word.
To TATTLE, tat-tl, v. n. 405. To prate, to talk idly.
TATTLE, tat-tl, s. Prate, idle chat, trifling talk.
TATTLER, tatitl-ur, s. An idle talker, a prater.
TATTOO, tat-too/ s. The beat of drum by which
soldiers are warned to their quarters.
TAVERN, tiviurn, s. A house where wine is sold,
and drinkers are entertained.
TAVERNKEEPER, tav-urn-k£ep-ur, )
TAVERNMAN, taviurn-mAn, j '• °"e who
keeps a tavern.
TAUGHT, tawt, 213. 393. Pret. and part, pass
of Teach.
To TAUNT, tant, or tawnt, v. a. To reproach, to
insult, to revile, to ridicule.
Jf5" I have every prthoepist in the language against me
In the preference I give to the first sound of this word,
except Mr. Elphinston; and his authority as an analogist
outweighs every other. I see no good reason why this
word should have the broad sound of a, and not aunt,
haunt, Jlaunt, jaunl, and the proper name Saundttt ; noi
is my ear much accustomed to hear it so pronounced. —
See Saunter, Haunt, and Principles, No. 2H.
TAUNT, tint, 5. 214. Insult, scoff, reproach.
TAUNTER, tAut-iir, s. One who taunts, reproaches,
or insults.
TAUNTINGLY, tAntiing-li*, adv. With insult, scof-
rlngly, with contumely.
TAUTOLOGICAL, tiw-to-l&dijd-kal, adj. Repeat-
ing the same thing.
TALTOLOGIST, taw-t6WA-j!st, s. One who repeats
the same thing over and over.
TAUTOLOGY, tiw-t&l-lo-jti, s. 5 18-. Repetition ol
U>t sain* word*, or of the same sense in different words.
TAUTOPHONY, taw-tif-A-ni, s. A successive re-
E:ion of the same sound.
I have long wished to insert this word into my vo-
ry, from a conviction of its utility in conversing on
the sounds of words, but -*as deterred for want of an au-
thority from any of our Dictionaries, when, upon reading
the very learned and ingenious Essay on the Prosodies of
the Greek and Latin Languages, I found the word used
in exactly that manner, which shows the propriety, and
even the necessity, of adopting it. The learned au'hor
says, " The most extraordinary tautophony which lie
(Eustathius) mentions, is that of the vowels / and «g, in
the proper nanCes of the goddesses ^W andrH{»)." On tlie
Prosodies of the Greek and Latin Languages. Printed
for Robson, 1796.
To TAW, taw, v. a. 219. To dress white leather,
commonly called alum leather, in contradistinction
from Tan leather, that which is dressed with bark.
TAW, taw, s. A marble to play with.
TAWDRINF.SS, taw-dr£-n£s, 3. Tinsel finery, finery
too ostentatious.
TAWDRY, tawidrt*, adj. 219. Meanl) 'showy, splen-
did without cost.
TAWNY, tawind, adj. 21 9, Yellow, like things
tanned.
TAX, taks, s. An impost, a tribute imposed, an ex-
cise, a tallage ; charge, censure.
To TAX, taks, t>. n. To load with imposts ; to
charge, to censure, to accuse.
TAXABLE, taks-a-bl, adj. 405. That may be taxed.
TAXATION, taks-a^sh&n, s. The act of loading
with taxes, impost, tax ; accusation, scandal.
TAXER, taksi&r, s. 98. He who taxes.
TEA, ti, *. 227. A Chinese plant, of which the
infusion has lately been much drunk in Europe.
To TEACH, t£tsh, ». a. 352. Pret. and part,
pan. Taught, som«tim»s Teached, which is now obso-
lete. To instruct, to inform; to deliver any doctriue
or art, or words to be learned ; to show, to exhibit so
as to impress upon the mind ; to tell, to give inteiii-
genee.
To TEACH, tetsh, v. n. 227. Toperformtheoff.ee
of an instructor.
TEACHABLE, t<hshia-bl, adj. 405. Docile, sus-
ceptive of instruction.
TEACHABLENESS, titshia-bl-nls, S. Docility, wil-
lingness to learn, capacity to learn.
TEACHER, t£tsh-&r, *. S8. One who teache*. an
instructor, preceptor ; a preacher, one who is to deliver
doctrine to the people.
TEAD, tede, s. A torch, a flambeau. Obsolete.
TEAGUE, t^g, s. 227. 337. A name of contempt
used for an Irishman.
TEAL, t<*le, *. 227. A wild fowl.
TEAM, t<ime, s. 227. A number of horses or oxra
drawing at once the same carriage ; any number pats-
ing in a line.
TEAR, t(^re, f. 227. The water which violent pas-
sion forces from the eyes; any moisture trickling in
diops.
TEAR, tare, *. 73. 240. A rent, a fissure.— See
SIB.
J^p The inconvenience (rf having two words of differ-
ent significations, written alike, and pronounced differ-
ently, is evident in this and the preceding word ; and th;n
inconvenience is, perhaps, greater than that where the
orthography is different and the pronunciation the same.
—See Bowl.
To TEAR, tare, v. a, Pret; Tore ; anciently, Tare ;
part. past. Torn. To pull in pieces, to lacerate, to
rend ; to laniate, to wound with any sharp point drawn
along; to break by violence; to divide violently, t«
scatter ; to pull with violence, to drive violently ; to
take away by sudden violence.
To TEAR, tare, v. n. To fume, to rave, to rant
turbulentlv.
TEARER, ta-r&r, *. 98. He who rends or tean.
TEARFALUNG, tire-fal-llng, adj. Tender, shed-
ding tears.
TEARFUL, t^reiful, adj. Weeping, full of tears.
To TEASE, t£ze, t;. a. 227. To comb or unravel
TEM
515
TEN
nor 167, n&t 163 — ttibe 171, t&b 172, bill 173—511 299— p<5ind 313 — thin 466 — THis 469.
wool or flax ; to scratch cloth in order to level the nap ; TEMPERATE, t5m-p£r-ate, adj. 91. Not excessive.
to torment with importunity.
TEASER, ti^-z&r, s. 98. Any thing that torments
by incessant importunity.
TEAT, t(ke, s. 227. 232. The dug of a beast.
TECHNICAL, t£k-n£-k&l, adj. 353. Belonging to
arts, not in common or popular use.
TECHY, t£tsh-£, adj. 352. Peevish, fretful, irritable.
TKCTONICK, t5k-t5n-lk, adj. 509. Pertaining to
building.
To TED, l£d, v. a. To lay grass newly mown in rows.
TEDDER, t£(M&r, ». A rope with which a horse
is tied in the field, that he may not pasture too wide ;
any thing by which one is restrained.— See Tether.
Tfi DEUM, t^-dt^-um, s. A hymn of the Church,
so called from the two first words of the Latin.
TEDIOUS, t£-d£-&s, or ti-j&.&s, adj. 293, 294.
Wearisome by continuance, troublesome, irksome;
wearisome by prolixity ; slo...
TEDIOUSLY, te-d£-ls-l£, or t4-j£-&s-l£, adv. 294.
In such a manner as to weary.
TEDIOUSNESS, t^-di &s-n£s, or t«5-j4-us-nis, s.
Wearisomeness by continuance ; prolixity ; quality of
wearying.
To TEEM, tWm, v. n. 246. To bring young ; to
be pregnant, to engender voung; to be full, to be
charged as a breeding animal.
To TEEM, tiim, v. a. To bring forth, to produce 5
to pour.
TEEMER, t4em-&r, s. 98. One that brings young.
TEEMFUL, tiim-ffil, adj. Pregnant, prolifick.
Tr.EMLESS, t££m-l<ls, adj. Unfruitful, not prolifick.
TEEN, tWn, s. Sorrow, grief. Obsolete.
TEENS, t£enz, s. The years reckoned by the termi-
nation Teen, as thirteen, fourteen.
TEETH, tð. The plural of Tooth.
TEGUMENT, tigii-mint, S. Cover, theoutward part.
TliTL TREE, t^le-trt*£, s. Linden or lime tree.
TEINT, tint, S. Colour, touch of the pencil.
TELEGRAPH, til-^-graf, s. An instrument that an-
swers the end of writing by conveying intelligence to a
distance through the means of signals.
TELESCOPE, teW<*-skApe, s. A. long glass by which
distant objects are viewed.
TELESCOPICAL, t£l-14-sk6p^-kal, adj. 518. Be-
longing to a telescope, seeing at a distance.
To TELL, till, v. a. Fret, and part. pass. Told.
To utter, to express, to speak ; to relate ; to teach, to
inform ; to discover, to betray ; to count, to number ;
to make excuses.
To TELL, till, v. n. To^ivean account, to make report
T*LLER, tSl-l&r, s. 98. One who tells or relates ; one
who numbers; a Teller is an officer of the Exchequer.
TELLTALE, t£l-tale, s. One who gives malicious
information, one who carries officious intelligence.
TEMERARIOUS, tim-£r-a-r6-us, adj. Rash, heady ;
careless, heedless.
TEMERITY, t£-miri<i-t4, S. Rashness, unreasonable
contempt of danger.
To TEMPER, tim-pir, v. a. 98. To mix so as that
one part qualifies the other ; to compound, to form by
mixture; to mingle; to mingle together to a proper
consistence ; to accommodate, to modify ; to soften, to
mollify, to assuage, to sooth ; to form metals toa proper
degree of hardness.
TEMPER timipur, *. Due mixture of contrary qua-
lities ; middle course, mean or medium; constitution
_.^-J_. ^ ,_,„,, .. .. • frameof
moderate in degree of any quality ; moderate in meat
and drink ; free from ardent passion.
TEMPERATELY, t5mi.p5r-ate-l£, adv. Moderately,
not excessively ; calmly, without violence of passion ;
without gluttony or luxury.
TEMPERATENESS, t£m-p£r-ate-nls, ». Freedom
from excesses, mediocrity ; calmness, coolness of mind.
TEMPERATURE, t£m-p£r-a-t6re, 4. Constitution
of nature, degree of any qualities ; mediocrity, due ba-
lance of contrarieties ; moderation, freedom 'from pre-
dominant passion.
TEMPERED, t^mip&rd, adj. 359 Disposed with
regard to the passions.
TEMPEST, t£m-p3st, s. The utmost violence of the
wind ; any tumult, commotion, perturbation.
To TEMPEST, t£m-p£st, v. a. To disturb as by a
tempest.
TEMPEST-BEATEN, t&m-p£st-bi-tn, adj. Shatter-
ed with storms.
TEMPEST-TOST, t§m-p£st-t5st, adj. Driven about
by storms.
TEMPESTIVITY,t£m-p£s-tlvi£-t£, s. Seasonablencss.
TEMPESTUOUS, t3m-p£s£tsh£i-&s, adj. 46' I.
Stormy, turbulent.
TEMPLAR, t^m-plar, s. 88. A student in the law.
TEMPLE, tihn-pl, S. 405. A place appropriated to
acts of religion ; buildings appropriated to the study of
the law, an ornamental building in a garden ; the upper
part of the sides of the head.
TEMPORAL, t£m-p6-ral, adj. 557. 170. Measur-
ed by time, not eternal ; secular, not ecclesiastical ; not
spiritual ; placed at the temples.
TEMPORALITY, t£m-po-ral-4-t4,
TEMPORALS, t3m-po-rAlz,
s. Secular pos-
sessions, not ecclesiastical rig
TEMPORALLY, tim-pA-ral-e, adv. With respect
to this life.
TEMPORALTY, tim-p6-ral-t<*, i. 170. The laity ;
secular people; secular possessions.
TEMPORANEOUS, t&m-pi-ra-ne-frs, adj. Tem-
porary.
TEMPORARINESS, t£m-p6-ra-rd-n£s, j. The state
of being temporary.
TEMPORARY, t£mip6-ra-r£, adj. 170. Lasting
only for a limited time.
To TEMPORIZE, tim'p6-rlze, V. n. To delay, to
procrastinate ; to comply with the times or occasions.
TEMPORIZER, tSm-po-ri-z&r, s. 98. One who com-
plies with times or occasions, a trimmer.
To TEMPT, timt, v. a. 412. To solicit to ill, to
entice by presenting some pleasure or advantage to tlia
mind ; to provoke.
TEMPTABLE, t&m'ta-bl, adj. Liable to temptation ;
obnoxious to bad influence.
TEMPTER, tim-t&r, s. 98. One who solicit* to ill,
an enticer ; the infernal solicitor to evil.
TEMPTATION, tim-ta-sh&n, s. The act of tempt-
ing, solicitation to ill, enticement; the state of being
tempted ; that which is offered to the mind as a motive
toiU.
TEMULENT, tin&l-lint, adj. Drunken, intoxicat-
ed with strong liquor.
TEN, t5n, aclj. The decimal number, twice five.
TENABLE, t£n-a-bl, adj. Such as may be main-
tained against opposition, such as may be held against
attacks.
The quantity of e in the first syllable of this word,
t.'l3
TEMPERANCE, t£m-p£r-unse, s. 88. Moderation
opposed to gluttpny and drunkenness; patience, calin-
usss scJaleniiis, modtrnitior. of passion.
Ash,,
Scott, _
En tick,
Perry,
tenable, tenet, tenor, tenure,
tenable, tenet, t&ncr, tcn'jrt.
finable, tenet, tfnfir, tenure,
tinable, tenet, Hunt; ti-n*'t.
TEN
510
TEP
J^f 559. File 73, fir 77, fall 83, 'It 81 — mtS 93, m&t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — n<i 162, move 164,
W. Johnston, tenable, tenet, tenor, tenure.
Bailey, ,._™ (enure.
Buchanan, tenable, tinet, tenor, tenure.
Fry tenable, tenet, tenor, tenure.
Elphinston, ~ — — tenor, •
From this survey of our Dictionaries we find them uni-
form only in the word tenor. They are nearly equally divid-
ed on the word tenet; and if similitude were to decide, it
would be clearly in favour of the short vowel, in this
word, as well as in tetwr. They are both Latin words,
and both have the rowel short in the original. This,
however, is no reason with those who understand the
analogy of English pronunciation, (for tremor, minor,
Ac. have the first vowel short in Latin, 591) ; but it suf-
ficiently shows the partiality of the ear to the short vow-
els in words of this form, as is evident in the word tenant.
The word tenable seems rather derived from the French
tenable than the Latin teneo, and, being of a different
form, comes under a different analogy. The termination
able, though derived from the Latin" abills, is frequently
annexed to mere English words, as pleasurable, pasturable,
&.C. and therefore makes no alteration in the accent or
quantity of the word to which it is subjoined, A01. But
as tenable must be considered as a simple in our language,
the shortening power of the antepenultimate accent alone
seems to determine the quantity of the first syllable of
this word, "which, like • gelable, probable, ic. has the short
quantity of the original Latin to plead ; a plea which
seems to have some weight in words of this termination,
where the antepenultimate accent appears to have less
influence than in most of the other classes of words — See
Placable. The word tenure seems inclined to lengthen
the first vowel, in order to distinguish itself from tenor ;
and as there are no good reasons for shortening it, this
reason seems sufficient to turn the balance in its favour,
even if it had not an analogy and such a weight of usage
on its side.
TENACIOUS, t^-na^sh&s, adj. 357. Grasping hard,
inclined to hold fast, not willing to let go ; retentive ;
having parts disposed to adhere to each other ; cone
sive.
TENANCY, t3n-in-s£, s. Temporary possession of
what belongs to another.
TENANT, tenant, *. One who holds of another
cue who on certain conditions has temporary posses-
sion, and uses the property of another.
To TENANT, t&ftfct, v. a. 514. To hold on cer-
tain conditions.
TENANTABLE, t£n£&nt-&-bl, adj. 405. Such as
may be held by a tenant.
TENANTLESS, t^n-dnt-l^s, adj. Unoccupied, un-
possessed.
TENCH, t£nsh, s. 352. A pond fish.
To TEND, t£nd, t;. a. To watch, to guard, to ac-
company as an assistant or defender ; to attend, to ac
company, to be attentive to.
To TEND, t£nd, v. n. To move towards a certain
point or place ; to be directed to any end or purpose
to contribute ; to attend, to wait as dependants.
TENDANCE, t&n-danse, s. 88. Attendance, state
of expectation ; attendance, act of waiting ; care, ac
of tending.
TENDKNCE, t£nid5nse, 7
TENDENCY, t£nid3n-s4, \ *' 88' rarecttoB
course towards any place or objert ; direction or course
towards any inference or result, drift.
TENDER, t&n'-dbr, adj. 98. Soft, easily impresse
or injured ; sensible, easily pained, soon sore ; effemi
nate, emasculate ; delicate ; exciting kind concern
compassionate, anxious for another's good ; suscept
ble of soft passions ; amorous ; expressive of the sot'te
passions; gentle, mild, unwilling to pain; youn
weak, as, Tender age.
To TENDER, t£n-d&r, v. a. To offer, to exhibit
to propose to acceptance ; to hold, to esteem ; to regar
with kindness.
TENDER, tSn-dur, s. Offer, proposal to acceptance
regard, kind concern. In this last sense not in use.
TENDER-HEARTED, t4n-d&r-hlrt^d, adj. Of
soft compassionate disposition.
TENDERLING, t£n-dfir-ljng, s. 410. The firs
horns of a deer j a fondling.
TENDERLY, tSnidar-te, adv. In a tender manne;
nukliy. gently, softly, kindly.
TENDERNESS, t3n-d&r-n£s, s. The state of being
tender; susceptibility of impression; state of being
easily hurt, soreness; susceptibility of the softer pas-
sions; kind attention; anxiety for the good of ano-
ther; scrupulousness, caution; soft pathos of expres
sion.
TENDINOUS, t§n^d£-n&S, adj. Sinewy, containing
tendons, consisting of tendons.
TENDON, t£n-dfin, $. 166. A sinew, a figature
by which the joints are moved.
TENDRIL, t£n-drll, s. The clasp of a vine, or other
climbing plant.
TENEBRICOSE, ti-n£b-r£-k6se,'7 adj. 427. Dark
TENEBRIOUS,
TENEBROSITY,
gloom
gloomy.
». Darkness,
TENEMENT, t^n^-mSnt, s. Any thing held by a
tenant.
TENKRITY, te-n£r££-t£, J. Tenderness.
TENESMUS, t&-n&z-mbs, s. A constant desire to go
to stool, without the effort procuring any relief.
TENET, t£n-nlt, s. 99. It is sometimes written
Tenent; position, principle, opinion. — See Tenable.
TENNIS, t^n-nls, s. A play at which a ball ia driven
with a racket.
TENOUR, or TENOR, thft&r, s. Continuity of
state, constant mode, manner of continuity; sense
contained, general course or drift ; a sound in muskk.
— See Tenable.
TENSE, t£nse, adj. 431. Stretched, stiff, not lax.
TENSE, t£nse, s. A variation of the verb to signify
time.
TENSENESS, t£nse£n3s, i. Contraction, tension, the
contrary to laxity.
TENSIBLE, t£n-s£-bl, adj. 405. Capable of being
extended.
TENSILE, tSn-sll, adj. 140. Capable of extension.
TENSION, ten-shun, s. The act of stretching, tti«
stale of being stretched.
TKNSIVE, t£n£slv, adj. 158. 428. Giving a sen-
sation of stiffness or contraction.
TENSUHE, t£iAhire, *. 461. The act of stretch-
ing or state of being stretched, the contrary to taxation
or laxity.
TENT, rent, s. A soldier's moveable lodging place,
commonly made of canvass extended upon j>oles ; any
temporary habitation, a pavilion ; a roll of lint put iu-
to a sore ; a species of wine deeply red, chiefly t'iom
Galhcia in Spain.
To TENT, tSnt, v. n. To lodge a» in a tent, to ta-
bernacle.
To TENT, tint, v. a. To search as with a medico)
tent.
TENTATION, t3n-ta-sh&n, s. Trial, temptation.
TENTATIVE, t£nAi-tiv, adj. 512. Trying, es»ay
ing.
TENTED, t£nti&d, adj. Covered with tents.
TENTER, tenitir, s. 98. A hook on which things
are stretched; to be on the Tenters, to be on the
stretch, to be in difficulties.
To TENTER, tenit&r, v. a. To stretch by hooks.
To TENTER, t&n'-thr, v. n. To admit extension.
TENTH, t&nUi, adj. First after the ninth, ordinal
often.
TENTH, t&nth, s. The tenth ; tithe.
TENTHLY, t£nt/i'-\&, ado. In the tenth place.
TENTWORT, tdnt-w&rt, s. A plant.
TENUITY, t^-ni^-tf*, s. Thinness, exility, smatt-
ness, minuteness.
TENUOUS, t^ninfi-fis, adj. Thin, small, minute.
TENURE, t£-nhre, s. Tenure is the manner wher*-
by tenements are holden of their lords.— See Tenable.
TEPEFACTION, t£p.£-Hkishfin, s. The act of
warming to a small degree.
TEPID, t£p-ld, adj. 544. Lukewarm, warm U> •
small de^tix.
TEJfl
517
TEX
nor 167, n&t 163— tibe 171, lib 172, biMl 173— oil 299— po&nd 313— th\n 466— THIS 4fi9.
TEPI01TT, t£-p1d-4-tS, s. Lukewarmness.
TEPOR, t^-por, s. 166. 544. Lukewarmness, gen-
tle heat.
TERCE, t£rse, s. jr>-operly TiERCE. A vessel con-
taining forty-two gallons of wine, the third part of a
butt or pipe
TEREBINTHINATE, tSr-re-bini£/i£-nate, 91. 7
TEREBINTHINE, t$r-r4-bin-//Mn, 14O. 5
adj. Consisting of turpentine, mixed with turpentine.
To TEREBRATE, t£r-ni-biate, v. a. To bore, to
perforate, to pierce.
TEKEBRATION, t£r-rd- bra-shin, 4. The act of
liorins or piercing.
TERGEMTNOUS, t£r-j£m-ii nus. adj. Threefold.
TERGIVERSATION, ter-jt*-v£r-sa-sb.an,
subterfuge, evasion.
TERM, t£rm, s. Limit, boundary ; the word by
which a thing is expressed ; words, language: condi-
tion, stipulation ; time for which any thin;; lasts ; in
Law, the time in which the tribunals, or places of judg-
ment, are open.
To TERM, t£rm, v. a. To name, to call
TERMAGANCY, t£r-ma gan-s4 s. Turbulence, tu-
multuousness.
TERMAGANT, t£r£ma-gant, adj. 88. Tumultuous,
turbulent; quarrelsome, scolding, furious.
TERMAGANT, t£r-ma-gant, s. A scold, a brawl-
ing turbulent woman.
TERMINABLE, t£r-m£ na-bl, a<(j, Limitabie, that
admits of bounds.
To TERMINATE, t£rimi-nate, v. a. To bound, to
limit ; to put an end to.
To TERMINATE. t3rim£-nate, v. «. To be limit-
ed, to end, to have an end ; to attain its end.
TERMINATION, t5r-md-na-sh&n, s. The act of
limiting or bounding; bound, limit: end, conclusion ;
end of words as varied by their significations.
TKRMINTHUS, t4r-min-</t&s, s. A tumour.
TERMLESS, t£r;ii-l£s, adj. Unlimited, boundless.
TERMLY, t£rm-l«i. adv. Term by term.
TERNARY, t£r-ni-
TKRNION,
TERKACK, t5r-ras, s. 91. A small mount of earth
covered with grass; a raised walk.
TERRAQUEOUS, t£r-ra-kw6-tis, adj. Composed of
land and water.
TERRENE, t6r-r£ne,' ailj. Earthly, terrestrial.
TERREOUS, t^rir^-fls, adj. Earthly, consisting of
earth.
TERRESTRIAL, t£r r^s-tre-al, adj. Earthly, not ce-
lestial ; consisting of earth, lerreous.
To TERRESTRIFY, t£r-resitre-fi, v. a. To reduce
to the state of earth.
TERRESTRIOUS, t5r-r£s-tn*-as, adj. Tcrreous,
earthy, consisting of earth.
TERRIBLE, tiriri-bl, adj. 405. 160. Dreadful,
formidable, causing fear; great, so as to offend ; a col-
loquial hyperbole.
TERRIBLENESS, t£r-r£-bl-n5s, s. Formidableness,
the quality of being terrible, dread fulness.
TERRIBLY, t<5r-r£-bl£, adv. Dreadfully, formidably,
so as to raise fear; violently, very much.
TERRIER, t^r-r^-fir, s. A dog that follows his game
:£r'na-r£, )
, . , , > s. The n
er-ne-un, J
umber Three.
under ground. — See T'irrier.
ERRIFICK, tSr-lWlk, adj. 509.
ing terror.
Dreadful, caus-
To TERRIFY, Wr^re-fl, t>. a. To fright, to shock
with fear, to make afraid.
TERRITORY, t^r-r^-t&r-d, S. 557. Land, country,
dominion, district. — See Dnmestick.
TERROR, t&r'-rhr, s. 1 66. Fear communicated ;
fear received ; the cause of fear.
TERSE, tSrse, adj. Smooth ; cleanly written, neat.
TERTIAN, t£r£sh&n, s. 88. Is an ague intermit-
'jng but one day, so that there are two fits H> three day*.
TESSELATED, t£s-s£MA-t3il, adj. Variegated by
squares.
TEST, t£st, s. The cupel by which refiners try their
metals : trial, examination, as by the cupel ; means of
trial ; that with which any thing is compared in order
to prove its genuineness; discriminative cliaraclcrit-
tick.
TESTACEOUS, t£s ta-sbfis, adj 357. Consisting
of shells, composed of shells; having continuous, not
jointed shells, opposed to crustuceous.
TESTAMENT, t£s-ta-m£nt, «. A will, any writing
directing the disposal of the possessions of a man de-
ceased ; the name of each of the volumes of the Holy
Scripture.
TESTAMENTARY, t3s-ta-m3nita-re, adj. Given
by will, contained in wills.
TESTATE, t£sitate, adj. Having made a will.
TESTATOR, t£s-ta't&r, s. 166. One who leaves a
will.
TESTATRIX, tfis-tattilks, *. A woman who Icavct
a will.
TESTED, t£st££<l, adj. Tried by a test.
TESTER, t^st^&r, s. 98. A sixpence; the cover
of abed.
TESTICLE, t£s£t<i-kl, s. 405. An organ of seed in
animals.
TESTIFICATION, tes-te-fe-ka'sh&n, s. The act of
witnessing.
TESTIFICATOR, t3s-te-f£-ka-t&r, s. One who
witnesses.
TESTIFIER, t£s£t£-fi-ur, s. 53 1- One who testifies
To TESTIFY, t5s't£-fl, v. n. 183. To witness, to
prove, to give evidence.
To TESTIFY, t3s-t£-fl, v. a. To witness, to give
evidence of any point.
TESTILY, t&»ite-ld, adv. Fretfully, peevishly, mo-
rosely.
TESTIMONIAL, t£s-t£-m6-nt*-al, s. \ writing
produced by any one as an evidence for himself.
TESTIMONY, tls-t£-!n&n-£, S. 557. Evidence gi-
ven, proof; publick evidence; open attestation, pro-
fession. — See Domestick.
TESTINESS, t£s-t^-n£s, s. Moroseness.
TESTY, t£s-t^, adj. Fretful, peevish, apt to be angry.
TETCHY, t£tsh-^, adj. Froward, peevish.
TETE-A-TETE, tate-a-tate,' s. (French.) Chech
by jowl.
TETHER, tSTH-iir, s. 469. A string by which cat-
tle are held from pasturing too wide.
j>-^» AH our lexicographers seem to prefer this word to
tedder, except Barclay and Junius, who refer us from te-
ther to tedder ; and yet nothing can be clearer than iti
derivation from the Belgic word tiu/der, which Junius
explains to be a rope by which horses or other cattle are
tied to keep them from straying ; and this, he says, un
doubtedly comes from the Irish tend, a rope. While
Skinner, without his usual judgment, derives it from the
Latin tcntor, because it resiruins cattle from straying.
But though tether is much more in use than tedder, it is
certainly not so legitimately formed, and ought not to
have the preference.
TETRAGONAL, t^-trag-gA-nal, adj. 518. Square.
TETRARCH, t&trark, or t^tirark, .*. A Roman go-
vernor of the fourth part of a province.
55- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Perry, are for the
first pronunciation of this word, and Buchanan and En-
tick for the second. Let those who plead the Latin quan-
tity for the short sound of e, peruse Principles, No. 544.
oman go-
ment.
TE, td traKkate, 7 *• A R
, tltitrar-ke, 503. \ vcrn
TETRARCHATE, td traKkate,
TETRARCHY
TETRASTICK, t^-trasitik, s. 509. An epigram or
stanza of four verses.
TETTER, t£t-t&r, s. 98. A scab, a scurf, a ring-
worm.
TEUTONIC, ti-tin^lk, adj. Sjioken by the TeM
tones, or ancient Germans.
TEXT, t£kst, «. That on which a comment i« writ-
ten ; sentence of scripture.
3 E
THA
513
59. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m<* 93, rmlt 35— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m^Te 1 64,
TEXTILE, te'ks-tll, adj. 140. Woven, capable of j ^rQ°1no^"a'vsomo;t1ll™^saa r u1adrueplenre^m1oTof^l^nsalne
be'ng woven. . , ! word, wh'ich, though not elegant, is strictly grammatical ;
TF.XTUARIST, teksitshfj-a-rlst, i. One ready in a repetition_which is, perhaps, peculiar to the English
the text of scripture, a Divine well versed in scripture.
TEXTUARY, t3ksitshi-a-r£, adj. 4«S. Contained
in the text ; serving as a text, authoritative.
TEXTURE, t£ks£tshfire, s. 46 1 . The act of weav-
ing ; a web, a thing woven ; manner of weaving with
respect either to form or matter; disposition of the
parts of bodies.
THAN, THiVn, adv. 466. A particle placed in com-
parison after the comparative adjective.
THANE, thane, s. 466. An old title of honour, per-
haps equivalent to baron.
To THANK, thangk, v. «. 408. 466. To return of the accent and its ii
acknowledgments for any favour or kindness ; it is used for if.a" 'nese words '
often in a contrary or ironical sense. ls Plain tr>e sense wou
THANKS, /A^ngks, *. Acknowledgment paid for
favour or kindness, expression of gratitude.
THANKFUL, fAingk-f&l, adj. Full of gratitude,
ready to acknowledge good received.
THANKFULLY, fAingkiffil-i, adv. With lively and
grateful sense, or ready acknowledgment of good re-
ceived.
THANKLESS, <A&ngkil£s, adj. Unthankful, un-
grateful, making no acknowledgment ; not deserving,
or not likely, to gain thanks.
THANKLESSNESS, f/jangk-15s-n£s, s. ingratitude,
failure to acknowledge good received.
THANKOFFERING, thangki&f-fhr-lng, s. offering
paid in acknowledgment of mercy.
THANKSGIVING, /A&ngks-glv-Ing, s. Celebration
of mercy.
THANKWORTHY, f/jJngkiw&r-THe, adj. Deserv-
ing gratitude.
THAT, THlt, pronoun demonstrative, 5O. Not this,
but the other ; it sometimes serves to save the repetition
of a word or words foregoing; opposed to This, as the
Other to One ; when This and That relate to forego-
ing words. This is referred to the latter, and That to
the former; such as; That which, what; the thing;
by way of eminence.
J£jr» when this word is used as a pronoun demonstra-
tive, it has always an accent on it, and is heard distinctly
rhyming with hat, mat, kc. Thus in Pope's Essay oh
Criticism, v. 5.
" But of the two, less dangerous is th' offence
« To tire oar patience, than mislead our sense,
" Some few in that, but numbers err in thig :
" Ten censure wrong, for one who writes amiss."
Here the word that is as distinctly pronounced as any
other accented word in the language.
THAT, that, pronoun relative. Which, relating to
an antecedent thing; who, relating to an antecedent
language. This is humorously exemplified by Mr. Steele
in the Spectator, No. 80, in the Just Remonstrance of af-
fronted That, where he brings in this word, declaring ho-.v
useful it had been to a great orator, who, in a speech to
thelords, had said, " My Lords, with humble submission,
that that I say, is ; that that that that gentleman has ad-
vanced is not that that he should have proved to your
Lordships." In the pronunciation of this passage, it is
plain that the word that, which is not printed in italicks,
is pronounced nearly as if written thut. I am sensible of
the delicacy of the obscure sound of this a, and therefore
do not offer u as a perfect equivalent, but as the nearest
approach to it, and as the means of pointing out the power
of the accent and its importance in ascertaining the sense ;
were pronounced equally distinct, it
ild be obscured : and so liable are the
relative, the conjunction, and the demonstrative, to be
confounded, that some writers have distingushcd the lat-
ter by printing it in italicks. Those who wish to see the
most profound and ingenious investigation of the gram-
matical origin of these words, must consult Home Tooke's
Dlveninnx af Purley.
THATCH, iAatsh, s. 466. Straw laid upon the top
of a house to keep out the weather.
To THATCH, tAatsh, v. a. To «over as with straw.
THATCHER, <Aatshi&r, s. One who covers bou*es
with straw.
To THAW, thaw, v. n. 466. To grow liquid after
congelation, to melt ; to remit the cold which had caus-
ed frost.
To THAW, th&vr, v. a. To melt what was tongealed.
THAW, thaw, s. Liquefaction of any thing congeal-
ed ; warmth, such as liquefies congelation.
THE, TH£, or TH£, article, 466. The article hot-
ing a particular thing ; before a Towel, E is commonly
cut off in verse.
£5" Mr. Sheridan has given us these two modes of pro-
nouncing this word, but has not told us when we are to
use one, and when the other. To supply this deficiency^
therefore, it may be observed, that when the is prefixed
to a word beginning with a consonant ; is has a short sound,
little more than the sound of th without the e ; and when
it precedes a word beginning with a vowel, the e is sounded
plainly and distinctly. This difference will be perceptible
by compairing the pen, the hand, &.C. with the oil, the air,
&c. ; or the difference of this word before ancients aud
moderns in the following couplet of Pope:
j>erson.
this word is a relative pronoun, and is ar-
ranged in a sentence with other words, it never can have
an accent, and is therefore much less distinctly pronounced
than the foregoing word. In this case then goes into that
obscure sound it generally has when unaccented, 88, as
may be heard in pronouncing it in the following passage
from Pope's Essay on Criticism, v. 297.
" True wit is nature to advantage dress'd,
" Wliat oft was thought, but ne'er so well expresVd ;
" Something, whose truth, comlnc'd at sight, we find,
" That gires us back the image of our mind."
Here we find the a so obscured as to approach nearly to
short » ; and, without any perceptible difference in the
sound, the word might be written thnt, 92.
THAT, THat, conjunct. 50. 465. Because; noting
a consequence ; noting indication ; noting a final end,
in That, as being.
fcj- 'What has been observed of the pronunciation of
tliis won), when a relative pronoun, is perfectly applicable
• it when a conjunction ; in either case it never has the
accent, and necessarily
into an obscure sound like
tliort u. Thus in the "following passage from Pope's Es-
»ay on Criticism :
" The vulgar thns through imitation err;
•' As oft the 'earn'd, by l»eing singular ;
" So m'ich th«-« scorn the crowd, tfi.it if the throng
•• By chance go right, they purposely go wrong."
Here the conjunction that is pronounced with exactly
ttie •yime degree of obscurity as when a relative pronoun.
The WIJTU that, by being somctii^ei a demonstrative
Some foreign writers,
The ancienti only, or
the mode
despise ;
s priz
A very imperfect way of pronouncing this word fre-
quently arises in verse, where the poet, for the preserva-
tion of the metre, cuts of the t by an apostrophe, and u-
nites the article to the following word. This pronuncia-
tion depraves the sound of the verse without necessity, as
the syllable formed by e is so short as to admit of being
sounded in the preceding syllable, so as not to increase
the number of syllables to the ear, or to hurt the melody,
" Tis hard to say, if greater want of skill
" Appear in writing, or in judging ill :
" But of the two, less dang'rous is th' offence
M To tire our patience, than mislead our sense." Pcpt
•< Him, th- Almighty Power
•• Hurl'd, headlong naming, from th' ethereal sky,
" To bottomless perdition, there to dwell
M In adamantine chains and penal fire,
" Who durst defy Ik' Omnipotent to arm*. JHHlna.
In these examples we see the particle the may either
form a distinct syllable, or not. In the third line from
Pope, the first the forms a distinct syllable, but the second
is sunk into the succeeding noun. The same may be ob-
served of this particle in the first, second, and sixth lines
of the passage from Milton ; but what appears strange i«,
that though the particle the before a vowel, and shorten-
ed by an apostrophe, does not augment the number of
syllables, it is really pronounced longer than where it form*
a" syllable, and is not thus shortened by elision. This it
apparent in the third line from Pope,
•• But of the two, less dang'rms is tk' offence."
The reason that the first the, though pronounced shorter
than the second, forms a syllable, and the second doe*
not, seems to arise from the coalescence of the vowrk,
which, though lengthened in sound, may still DP pro-
nounced with one impulse of the breath. Thus, whtn a
consonant follows the particle the, we find two distnu.'t
impulses, though the e is dropped ; but wh«n a vowe! tVI.
TtlE
519
Till
tior }C,7, n5t 163 — tube 171, lib 172, bill 173—511 299— piund 313 — thin 466— THi* 469.'
lows the, the impulse on the particle slides over, as it were,
to the consonant of the succeeding syllable, without form-
ing two distinct impulses, nearly as if a y were interpos-
ed, and the words were written t/i' Yoffencc, th'Yomnipo-
tcnt, &c.
I woull not, however, be supposed to disapprove of
the practice of eliding the e before a vowel to the eye
when the verse requires it; this practice is founded on
good sense; and the first line in the passage from Milton
shows the necessity of making the distinction, when it is,
and when it is not, to be elided ; what I wish to reform
is, the practice of shortening the e to the ear, and thus
mincing and impoverishing the sound of the verse with-
out necessity.
THEATRAL, */je,ii-tral, adj. Belonging to a theatre.
THEATRE, th&-&-tb.r, .1. 416. 47O. A place in
which shows are exhibited ; a playhouse ; a place rising
by steps like a theatre.
THEATRICK, tfid-at^tHk, 409. 7 ,.
THEATRICAL, M(Utitri-kal, $ °*' Scemck>
suiting a theatre, pertaining to a theatre.
THEATRICALLY, Me-atitr^-kaW, adv. In a man-
ner suiting the stage.
THEE, THe4, 466. 36. The oblique singular of
Thou.
THEFT, th&ft, S 466. The act of stealing ; the
thing stolen.
THEIR, THare, adj. 466. Of them ; the pronoun
jiossessive from They: Theirs is used when any thing
comes between the possessive and substantive.
THEIST, </iWst, s. One who believes in God.
THEISM, </idMsm, s. Natural religion ; the mere
belief of a God ; deism.
THEM, TH£m, *. 466. The oblique case of They.
THEME, th&me, $. 406. A subject on which one
speaks or writes; a short dissertation written by boys
on any topick ; the original word whence others are
derived.
THEMSELVES,
s. These very per-
sons ; the oblique case of They and Selves.
THEN, TH&n, adv. 466. At that time ; afterwards,
immediately afterwards, soon afterwards; inthmtcase,
in consequence ; therefore, for this reason ; at another
time ; as, Now and Then ; at one time and other ; that
time.
THENCE, TH^nse, adv. 466. From that place ;
from that time; for that reason.
THENCEFORTH, TH^nseifArtA, adv. From that
time.
THENCEFORWARD, THense-fSr^wird, adv.
from that time.
THEOCRACY, tkb &k-kra-s£, s. 470. 518.
vernment immediately superintended by God.
THEOCRATICAL, tAe-6-krat-t^-kal, adj.
ing to a government administered by God.
THEOGONY, <A£-5gigA-n^, s. 518. The genera-
tion of the gods.
THEOLOGIAN, tA^-A-16-jA-an, s. A divine ;
Professor of Divinity.
THEOLOGICAL, fA^-A-lidy^-kal, adj. Relating
to the science of Divinity.
THEOLOGICALLY, <A^-A-l&d-ji-kAl-£, adv. Ac-
cording to the principles of theology.
THEOLOGIST, <AtW>l-lA-jfst, s. A divine, one stu-
dious in the science of divinity.
THEOLOGUE, <Ai'A-l&g, t. 518. A divine, one
tersert in divinity.
THEOLOGY, <Ae-&Wo-jc*, s. 519. Divinity.
THEORETICAL,
THKORKTICK, t
THEORICAL, <A
THEORICK, tht-br-\k, 509.
1 adj. Specula-
• five, depending
on theory or
THEOMACHY,
s. The fight against
the gods by the giants. — See flfonomacfiy.
THEORBO, fA£-dr-bo, s. A large lute for play-
ing a thorough bass.
THEOREM, tft^-6-iim, *. 17O. A position laid
down as a settled truth.
THEOREMATICAL, tA£-6-r£-m£t-£ -kal,
THEOREMATICK, </ie-6 r«*-mat-lk,
THEOREM ICK, the-6-r£m-\k, 509.
Comprised in theorems, consisting in theorems.
I adj.
THEREABOUT, THare-a-b5ut, 7
THEREABOUTS, THart--a-b6uts, \
speculation, terminating in theory or speculation.
THEORETICALLY, <A£-o-r3t-4-kal-ti, adv. Specu-
latively, not practically.
THEOIUCK, thv-&-r\k, s. 510. A speculatist, on«
who knows only speculation, not practice.
THEORICALLY, lh£ 6ri£-kal-£, adj. Speculatively,
not practically.
THEORIST, th&-&-r\st, *. A speculatist, one given
to speculation.
THEORY, th&-&-r£, s- 170. Simulation, not prac-
tice, scheme, a plan cr system yet subsisting only in
the mind.
THERAPEUTICK. th^r~^-ph-t\k, ad}. Curative,
teaching or endeavouring the cure of diseases.
THERE THare, adv. 94. In that place ; it is op.
posed to Here ; an exclamation directing to something
at a distance.
adv. Near
that place; nearly, near tint number, quantity, o»
state; concerning that matter.
THEREAFTER, THare-atitur, adv. According to
that, accordingly.
THEREAT, THare-at/ adv. At that, on that ac-
count ; at that place.
THEREBY, THare-bl,' adv. By that, by means of that.
THEREFORE, TH^r-f6re, adv. 94. For that, for this,
for this reason ; in consequence ; in return for this, in
recompense for this or for that.
Jf5" 't is not a little strange that Johnson should not
have noticed that this word is seldom used as an adverb,
but almost always as a conjunction.
THEREFROM, THare- fr&rn/ ada. From that, frcm
this.
THEREIN, THare In/ adv. In that, in this.
THEREINTO, THare-ln-tS/ adv. Into that, into this
THEREOF, THare-5f/ adv. 377. Of that, of this.
THEREON, THare-5n/ adv. On that.
THEREOUT, THare-ofit/ adv. Out of that.
I
-un-t6,' (
adv. To that.
THERETO, THare-t6,'
THEREUNTO, THare
THEREUPON, THare-up-in,' adv. Upon that, in
consequence of that ; immediately.
THEREUNDER, THare-&n-d&r, adv. Under that.
THEREWITH, THare-wl//;,' adv. With that ; im-
mediately. — See Forthwith.
THEREWITHAL, THare-w1<A-al,' adv. Over and a-
bove ; at the same time ; with that.
THERIACAL, *A£-ri-a-kil, adj. 506. Medicinal,
physical.
THERMOMETER, /Alr-m&m^-tur, s. 518. A..
instrument for measuring the heat of the air, or of any
matter.
THEIIMOMETRICAL, <A£r-m6-m£t-tre-kal, adj.
468. Relating to the measure of heat.
THERMOSCOPE, <A£r-mi-sk6pe, s. An instru-
ment by which the degrees of heat are discovered.
THESE, TH^ze, pronoun. 466. The plural of Thii.
Opposed to Those; These relates to the persons or
things last mentioned, and Those to the first.
THESIS, Me-sls, s. A position, something laid down
affirmatively or negatively.
THEUKGIC, t/ie-br-fik, adj. Relating to theurgy.
THF.L'RGY,
s. The power of doing super-
natural things by lawful means, as, by prayer to God.
THEW, </<6, s. Quality, manners : in Shakespeare il
seems to signify brawn or bulk.
THEY, Ma, s. In the oblique case Them, the plu-
ral of He or She. The men, the women, the persons ;
those men, those women, opposed to some others.
THICK, l/tik, adj. 466. Not thin; dense, not rare,
THI
521
THO
j£- 559. Fau- 73, fkr 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi* 93, m£i 95 — pine 1O5, pin 1O7 — nA K2, ni3ve 164,
pros*; muddy, feculent; great in circumference; fre- THINLY, <AlnM4, ado. Not thickly; not closely,
quent, in quick succession, with little intermission ; ( numerous]v
close, not divided by much space, crowded; not easily ,p ,->'', i __
pervious. set with things close to each other; coarse, fHINNEbS, Mn-n6s. s. The contrary to thickness,
not thin ; without proper intervals of articulation. I exility, tenuity ; scarcity ; rareness, not spissituilt.
THICK, <Alk, s. 40O. The thickest part, or time THIUU, t/Ard, adj. 1O8. The 6rst after the second.
when any thing is thickest; through Thick and thin, j THIRD, f/j&rd, s. The third part
.whatever is in the way. THFRDBOKOL'GH, thhrd'-bhr.rb, s. An under-con -
I HICK, fAlk, adv. Frequently, fast ; closely ; to a . 5tabl&
' E^SSitaSJ* and threef°ld> in1uick9uccession' ! THIRDLY, /AinliW, ado. In the third place.
To THICKEN, fAlk-kn, v. a. 103. To make thick; THIRST, t/j&rst, s. 108. The pain suffered for want
to make close, to fill up interstices; to condense, to : of drink, want of drink; eagerness, vehement desire.
conorete; to strengthen, to confirm; to make frequent ; To THIRST, </:&rst, v. «. To feel want of drink, to
to make close or numerous. | be thirsty or athirst ; to have a vehement desire for
To THICKEN, fAlkikn, v. n. To grow thick; toj any thing.
grow dense or muddy ; to concrete, to be consolidated ; j THIRSTINESS, t/i&rst-td- n£s, s. The state of being
to gtow close or numerous; to grow quick. j thirsty
THFCKET, th\\L^t, s. 98.
trees, a close wood.
THICKLY, fAlk-I£, adv. Deeply, to a great quantity.
A close knot or tuft of THIRSTY, /A&rstit£, adj. Suffering want of drii.K ;
pained for want of drink ; possessed with any vchemtiK
THICKNESS, <Alk-n£s, ». The state of being thick,
density ; quantity of matter interposed ; space takeu up
by matter interposed ; quantity laid on quantity to some
considerable depth ; consistence, grossness, impervious-
ness, closeness; want of sharpness, want of quickness.
THICKSKULLED, //jlk-skuld, adj. Dull, stupid.
THICKSET, fAlk's£t, adj. Close planted.
THICK SKIN, f/ak-skln, s. A coarse gross man.
Old cant word.
THIEF, th&f, S. 275. 466. One who takes what be-
longs to another ; an excrescence in the snuff of a can-
dle.
THIEFCATCHER, fAWfMcJtslii&r, 7
THIEFTAKER, <AWf-ta-k&r, \
business is to detect thieves.
desire, as, blood-thirsty,
THIRTEEN, thbr'-t&n, adj. 108. Ten and three,
THIRTEENTH, fAur-t&ntA,' adj. The third alter
the tenth.
THIRTIETH, tlAr-l£-&t!i, adj. 279. The tenth
thrice told.
THIRTY, //iur-t£, adj. 1O8. Thrice ten.
THIS. THls, Pronoun demonstrative. That which
is present, what is now mentioned ; the next future ;
This is used for This time ; the last past ; it is often
opposed to That ; when This and That respeot a for-
mer sentence, This relates to the latter. That to the
former member ; sometimes it is opposed to the Other.
'• THISTLE, fAls^sl, s. 466. 472. A prickly weed
One who*e : growing in corn fields.
THISTLY, <AlsM4, adj Overgrown with thistles.
To THIEVE, fAMv, o. n. 275. To steal, to prac- ! THITHER, THiTH-&r. adi>. 466. To that place ; it is
tise theft. j opposed to Hither ; to that end, to that point.
THIEVERY, fA&v'&r-d, s. The practice of steal- | THITHERTO, THlTHi6r-t6. ado. To that end, so far.
ing ; that which is stolen. THITHERWARD, THlTH-ur-ward, adv. Towards
THIEVISH, /AeevMsh, adj. Given to stealing ; prac- that place.
tising theft ; secret, sly. j THO' TH6, conj. Contracted for Though.
THIEVISHLY, <A£4v£lsh-l£, adv. Like a thief. j J£> This contraction means nothing, and ought not to
THIEVISHNES8, t h&v'-lsh-nts, t. Disposition to befitted, unless printers are at their last shift to shor-
,^.i I..K;, «f,.~.i;_. , ten a line m verse.
steal, habit of stealing.
I'HIGH. thl. 3. 466. The thigh includes all between
the buttocks and the knee.
THILL, tk\\, s. 466. The shafts of a waggon.
THILL-HORSE, fAll-hftrse. £
THILLER, /All-lfir, \ *'
horse that goes between the shafts.
THONG, fA&ng, s. A strap or string of leather.
THORACICK, Mo-rSs-Ik, adj. 509. Belonging to
the breast.
THORAL, rtAtril, adj. Relating to the be>i.
last horse, the : THORN, fAorn, *. A prickly tree of several kinds ;
a prickle growing on the thorn-bush ; anything trou-
blesome.
THIN, thin, adj. 466. Not thick; rare, not dense ;
not close, separate by large spaces ; not closelv com-
pact or accumulated ; small, not abounding ; lean", slim,
slender.
THIN, th\i\, adv. Not thickly.
To THIN, th\n, v. a. To make thin or rare, not to
thicken ; to make less close or numerous ; to attenuate.
THINE, Tlllne, pronoun, 466. Belonging or relat-
THORNY, th&r-n&, a<lj. Full of thorns, rough, prick
ing, vexatious; difficult, perplexing.
THOROUGH, <A&rir6, prepos. 3 1 8. By way of mak
ing passage or penetration ; by means of, comuu/niy
written Through, which see.
THOROUGH, «A&rirA, adj. 390. 466. Ompltte,
full, perfect; passage through.
THOROUGHFARE, <A&rirA-fare,«. A passage through
a passage without any stop or let.
THOROUGHLY, thbt'-ri>-\&, adv. CompU.-ulv, fully.
ing to thee.
l™N.°it ftft fc *,66' . W,hatever,i8'/'ot a 1>er- ! THOROUGHPACED, <A&rir6-pkte, adj. Perfect in
son ; it is used in contempt ; it is used of persons in what is undertakl
contempt, or sometimes with pity. — ' ken» VH^f*-
Tn THINK, <Alngk, v. n 408. Pret. Thought. To
have ideas, to compare terms or things, to reason ; to
judge, to conclude, to determine; to intend; to ima-
gine, to fancy ; to muse, to meditate ; to recollect, to
"bserve; to judge, to conclude.
THOROUGHSPED, thbr-ri>-sp&d, adj. Finished in
principles, thoroughpaced.
THOROUGHSTITCH, <A&rirA-st1tsh, adv. Completely,
fully.
THOSE, TH Aze, pronoun. 466. The jdwal of That.
IHINK. Single, v. a. 50. 466. To imagine, to THOU, TH6&, * 466. In the oblique cases singular
image in them mil; to conceive; to Think much, to
grudge.
THINKER, th\ngk-ur, *. 98. One who thinks.
THINKING, <AlngWng, 5. 410. Imagination, cogi-
tation, judgment.
Thee ; in the plural Ye ; in the oblique cases plural
You. The second pronoun personal; it is useu only
in very familiar or very solemn language.
To THOU, tA6a, v. a. To treat with familiarity
Little used.
THR
521
nor 167, n5t 1 1>3— tibe 17L, til) 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — p5ind 313 — thin 46S — THia 469.
THOUGH, THO, conjunct- 466. Notwithstanding
that, although: as Though, as if, like as if.
THOUGHT, l/iawt, 46'G. The pret. and part. pass.
of Think.
THOUGHT, th&wt, s. 313.466. The operation of
the mind ; the act of thinking ; idea, image formed ;
sentiment, fancy, imagery; reflection, particular consi-
deration; conception, preconceived notion; opinion,
judgment; meditation, serious consideration; solici-
tude, care, concern ; a small degree, a small quantity.
THOUGHTFUL, (Aftwttfftt, adj. Contemplative, full
of reflection, full of meditation, attentive, careful ; pro-
moting meditation, favourable to musing ; anxious, so-
licitous.
THOUGHTFULLY, fiiwttlftl-4, adv. With thought
or consideration, with solicitude.
THOUGHTFULNESS, </iawt-i"ul-u£s, s. Deep medi-
tation ; anxiety, solicitude.
THOUGHTLESS, t/tawt£l£s, adj. Airy, gay, dissi-
pate I ; negligent, careless, stupid, dull.
THOUGHTLESSLY, £/(awt-les-l«*, adv. Without
thought, carelessly, stupidly.
THOUGHTLESSNESS, <Aiwtil£s-n£s, $. Want of
thought, absence of thoupht.
THOHGHTSICK, t/l&wt-slk, adj. Uneasy with re-
flection.
THOUSAND, (Ao&^tfnd, adj. or s. The number of
ten hundred ; proverbially, a great number.
THOUSANDTH, th&u'-zZ ndth. adj. 466. The hun-
dredth ten times toid, the ordinal of a thousand.
THOWL, </ioiil, s. The pin or piece of timber by
hich the oar is kept steady in rowing.
THRALL,
s. 84. 466. A slave, one who
is in the power of another : bondage, state of slavery or
confinement.
To THRALL, //trlwl, v. a. To enslave, tobring in-
to the power of another.
THRALDOM, i/ir&wUdftm, s. 166- Slavery, servitude.
THUAPPLE, thr&p'-pl, s. 4O5. 466. The windpipe
of any animal.
To THRASH, fArash, v. a. 466. To beat corn to
free it from the straw ; to bait, to drub.
To THRASH, </nixsh, v. n. To labour, to drudge.
THRASHER, thrteh'-tir, s. 98. One who thrashes
corn.
THRASHING-FLOOR, /Arash-lng-fl6re, s. An area
on which corn is beaten.
THRASONICAL, t/ir£-s5n-n£-k£l, «<//'. 466. Boast-
ful, bragging.
THREAD, flrad, *. 234. A smi 11 line, a small twist ;
any thing continued in a course, uniform tenor.
To THREAD, thr&d, v. a. 466. To pass through
with a thread; to pass through ; to pieice through.
THREADBARE, t/ni'd'-bhre, adj. Deprived of the
nap, worn to the naked threads ; worn out, trite.
THREADEN, Ihr&d'-dn, adj. 103. Made of thread.
THREAT, thr&t, s. 234. 466. Menace, denuncia-
tion of ill.
To THREAT, thrtt, f
To THREATEN, thrh'-n, \ v' "' 103' To menace,
to denounce evil ; to menace, to terrify, or attempt to
terrify ; to menace by action.
THHEATENER, thr$t-tn-ur, s. 98. Menacer, one
who threatens.
THREATENINGLY, (Ar£i£tn-lng U, adv. With me-
nace, in a threatening manner.
THREATFUL, thrh-tti', adj. Full of threats.
THREE, tlirte, adj. 246. 466. Two and one; pi
vcrbially, a small number.
THREEFOLD, <Aree-fold, adj. Thrice related, con-
sisting of three.
THREEPENCE, tkrlpi&ntu, s A small silver coin
valued at thrice a penny.
THREEPENNY, thr&]>-i<\-£, adj. Vulgar, mean.
TliKEEPlLK,
cltl name for good
THREEPILED, <Ar^&plld, adj. Set with a thick pile ;
in another place it seems to mean piled one on another.
THREESCORE, »ArW-skore, adj. Th rice twenty, sixty.
THRENODY, <Ar6n-A-d^, s. 466. A song of la-
mentation.
THRESHER, f/trlslA'ir, s. 466. Pro|>erly, Thrasher.
THRESHOLD, fAr£shih61d, s. The ground or iteu
under the door, entrance, gide, door.
THREW, t/u&6, 339. Prcl. of Throw.
THRICE, fArlse, adv. 468. Three times ; a word
of amplification.
To THR1D, /Arid, v. a. To slide through a narrow
passage.
THRIFT, thrift, S. 466. Profit, gain, riches gotten ;
parsimony, frugality, good husbandry ; a plant.
THRIFTILY, l/triftte-le, adv. Frugally, parsimoni-
ously.
, fArlP-t^-n£s, s. Frugality, husbandry.
THRIFTLESS, thr\ft-l£s. m(j. Profuse, extravagant.
THRIFTY, thrlf-te, adj. Frugal, sparing, not pro-
fuse : well husbanded.
To THRILL, fAril, v. a. 466. To pierce, to bore,
to penetrate.
To THRILL, thrll, v. n. To have the quality of
piercing ; to pierce or wound the ear with a sharp sound ;
to feel a sharp tingling sensation ; to pass with a ting-
ling sensation.
To THRIVE, thrive, v. a. Preterit Throve, Thriv-
ed; part. Thriven. To prosper, to grow rich, to ad-
vance in any thing desired.
THRIVER, <Ari-v&r, s. 466. One that prospers, one
that grows rich.
THRIVINGLY, thrl-vlng-\£, adv. In a prosperous way.
THROAT, thrbte, s. 295. 466. The forepart of the
neck ; the main road of any place ; to cut the Throat, to
murder, to kill by violence.
To THROB, thrbb, v. n. 466. To heave, to beat,
to rise as the breast ; to beat, to palpitate.
THROB, l/tr&b, S. Heave, beat, stroke of palpitation.
THROE, <Ar6, s. 296. 466. The pain of travail ; the
anguish of bringing children; any extreme agony, thu
final and rr.ortal struggle.
To THROE, thrb, v. a. To put in agonies. Not in use.
THRONE, {/trine, S. 466. A royal seat, the seat of
a king ; the seat of a bishop in the church.
To THRONE, </trone, v. a. To enthrone, to set on
a royal seat. ,
THRONG, thr&ng, s. 466. A crowd, a multitude
pressing against each other.
To THRONG, thr&ng, v. H. To crowd, to come in
tumultuous multitudes.
To THRONG, (Ar&ng, v. a. To oppress or incom-
mode with crowds or tumult^.
THROSTLE, t/tr&sisl, «. 466. 472. The thrush, a
small singing bird.
THROTTLE, i/ti&t-tl, s. 495. 466 The windpii*-.
To THROTTLE, thrbt-i], v. a. To choak, to Miif;.-
cate, to kill by stopping the breath.
THROVE, th rove. The preterit of Thrive. •
THROUGH, thr&&, prep. 315. From end to end of ;
noting passage ; by transmission ; by means of.
THROUGH, <Ar66, adv. 466. From one end or s d*
to the other ; to the end of any thing.
THROUGHBRED, <Ar66-br£d, adj. Completely edu-
cated, completely taught. Generally written Tliuruugh-
bred.
THROUGHLIGHTED, Mi56-li-t£d, adj. Lighted on
both sides.
THROUGHLY, tbrWl&,atb, Completely, fully, en-
tirely, wholly ; without reserve, sincerely. Moreconi-
monly written Thoroughly.
THROUGHOUT, «Ar6d-6ut,' prep. Quite through,
in every part of.
THROUGHOUT, </jr66-out£ a<lv. Every where, in
tvery part.
THU
522
THY
Kr 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m^t 95— pine 105, pin 1O7 — no 162, move \6<,
THROUGHPACED, fAroo-paste, adj. Perfect, com-
plete. More commonly written and pronounced
Thoroughpaced.
To THROW, <ArA, v. a. Fret. Threw ; part. pass.
Thrown. To fling, to cast ; to send to a distant place
by any projectile force; to toss, to put with any vio-
lence "or tumult; to lay carelessly, or in haste : to ven-
ture at dice : to cast, to strip off; to emit in any manner ;
to spread in haste ; to overturn in wrestling; to drive,
to send by force ; to make to act at a distance ; to change
by any kind of violence ; to Throw away ; to lose, to
spend in vain ; to reject; to Throw by, to lay aside as
of no use ; to Throw down, to subvert, to overturn j
to Throw off, to expel; to reject, to renounce; to
Throw out, to exert ; to bring forth into act ; to dis--
tance, to leave behind ; to eject, to expel ; to eject, to
exclude; to Throw up, to resign angrily ; to emit, to
eject, to bring up.
To THROW, thrb, v. n. 324. 466. To perform
the act of casting; to cast dice; to Throw about, to
cast about, to try expedients.
THROW, tkr&, *. A cast, the act of casting, or
throwing; a cast of dice, that manner in which the
dice fall when they are cast ; the space to which any thing
is thrown ; effort, violent sally ; the agony of child-
birth—m this sense it is written throe.
THROWER, thrfchr, s. One who throws.
THROWSTER, tArAistir, s.
I£y- This word is in none of our Dictionaries ; but,
if Ttnistake not, it is adopted to signify one who twists
silk, or throws it into a proper stele for being woven.
THRUM, fAr&ro, * 466. The ends of weavers'
threads ; any coarse yam.
To THRUM, fAr&m, v. a. To grate, to play coarsely.
THRUSH, fAr&sh, s. 466. A small singing bird ;
small, round, superficial ulcerations, which appear first
in the mouth ; they may a Sect every part of the ali-
mentary duct except the thick guts.
To THRUST, <Ar&st, v. a. To push any thing in-
to matter, or between bodies; to push, to remove with
violence, to drive; to stab; to impel, to urge; to ob-
trude, to intrude.
To THRUST, iAr&st, v. n. To make a hostile push ;
to squeeze in, to put himself into any place by vio-
lence ; to intrude ; to push forwards, to come violent-
ly, to throng.
THRUST, *Ar&st, *. 466. Hostile attack with any
pointed weapon ; assault, attack.
THRUSTER, /Ar&st'&r, s. He who thrusts.
THUMB, f/i&m, *. 347. The short strong finger,
answering to the other four.
To THUMB, (hum, v. a. 466. To handle awk-
wardly.
THUMBSTALL, tft&nAtall, s. 466. A thimble.
THUMP, <A&mp, s. 466- A hard heavy dead dull
blow, with something blunt.
To THUMP, thhmp, v. a. To beat with dull heavy
blows.
To THUMP, fA&mp, v. n. To fall or strike with
a dull heavy blow.
THUMFER, fAump'ir, s. £8, The person or thing
that thumps.
THUNDER, /Aftn-d&r, s. 466. A loud rumbling
noise, which usually follows lightning; any loud noise
or tumultuous violence.
To THUNDER, M&rAl&r, t>. n. To make a loud,
sudden, and terrible noise.
To THUNDER, /A&nid&r, v. a. To emit with noise
and terror ; to publish any denunciation or threat.
THUNDERBOLT, /A&nidux-b&t, s. Lightning, the
arrows of Heaven; fulmination, denunciation proper-
ly ecclesiastical.
THUNDERCLAP, /Ainid&r-klAp, ». Explosion of
thunder.
THUNDERER, fA&nidtir-fir, *. The powes that
thunders.
THUNDEROUS, thhn'-d &r-&s, adj. Producing thun-
der.
TlIL'NDERSHOWER, iA&iAlar-shou-ar, i. 98, A
r;iiu accompanied with thunder.
THUNDERSTONE, fA&rAl&r-stAne, ». A stone fa-
bulously supposed to be emitted by thunder, a thun-
derbolt.
To THUNDERSTRIKE, jA&nidur-strlke, v. a. To
blast or hurt with lightning.
THURIFEROUS, <Au-ril-f«5r-5s, adj. 518. Bearing
frankincense.
THURIFICATION. fAh-rlf-te-ka^sh&n, j. The act
of fuming with incense, the act of burning incense.
THURSDAY, fAiirz^de, s. 223. The tilth day of
the week.
THUS, THUS, adv. 466. In this manner, in this
wise ; to this degree, to this quantity.
To THWACK, /Awik, v. a. 466. To- strike witl>
something blunt ami heavy, to thrash, to bang.
THWACK, /Awlk, «. 85. A hard btew.
THWART, <Awart, adj. 85. 466. Transverse, crtuj
to something else; perverse, inconvenient, mischie-
vous.
To THWART, /Awirt, v. a. To cross, to lie 01
come cross any thing ; to cross, to op;HJ>e, to traverse.
To THWART, f/jwart, v. n. To be ophite
THWARTINGLY, /Awarti-ing.le, ado. oppositely,
with opposition.
THY, THi, or "SO.&, pronoun, 466. Of thee, be-
longing to thee;
J£5" From what has been already observed under the
pronoun my, we are naturally led to suppose, that the
word thy, when not emphatical, ought to follow the same
analogy, and be pronounced like the, as we frequently
hear it on the stage; but if we reflect, that reading or
reciting is a perfect picture of speaking, we shall be in-
duced to think that, in this particular, the Stage is wrong.
The second personal pronoun thy is not like my, the
common language of every subject ; it is used only where
the subject is either raised above common life, or sunk
below it into the mean and familiar. When the subject
is elevated above common life, it adopts a language suit-
able to such an elevation, and the pronunciation of this
language ought to be as far removed from the familiar
as the language itself. Thus, in prayer, pronouncing tity
like the, eveu when unemphalical, would be intolerable ;
while suffering thy, when unemphatical, to slide into the
in the pronunciation of slight and familiar composition,
seems to lower the sound to the language, and form a
proper distinction between different subjects. If, there-
fore, it should be asked why, in reciting epic or tragic
composition, we ought always to pronounce thy rhyming
with high, while my, when unemphatical, sinks into the
sound of me, it may be answered, because my is the com-
mon language of every subject, while thy is confined to
subjects either elevated above common lite, or sunk be-
low it into the negligent and familiar. When, therefore,
the language is elevated, the uncommonuess of the wor.il
thy, and its full sound rhyming with high, is suitable to
the dignity of the subject: but the slender sound, like
the, gives it a familiarity only suitable to .the language
of endearment or negligence, and for this very reason is
unfit for the dignity of epic or tragic composition. Thus
in the following passages from Milton :
" Say first, for heav'n hides nothing from thy view,
" Nor the deep tract of hell."— faraJite Lott. b. i.
" O thou, that with surpassing glory crown'd,
" Look's! from tliy sole dominion like the Uod
" Of this new woild ; at whose sight all the stack
" Hide their diminished heads ; to thee 1 call,
" But with no friendly voice ; and add thy name,
*' O sun, to tell thee how I hate thy beams."— Ibid. b. IT.
Here, pronouncing the pronoun thy, like the word the,
would familiarize and. debase the language to prose. The
same may be observed of the following passage Irom the
tragedy of Cato:
" Now, Ceesar, let thy troops beset our gates,
" And bar each avenue ; thy gathering fleets
" OVrspread the sea, and stop up every port ;
" Calo shail open to himself a passage,
" And mock thy hopes."
Here the impropriety of pronouncing thy like the i.>
palpable ; nor would it be much more excusable in the
following speech of Portius, in the first scene of the same
tragedy :
" Thou see*st not that tky brother Is My rival ;
" But I roust hide it. for I know iky temper.
" Now, Marcu>, now thy virtue's on the proof;
" Put forth thy utmost strength, work every nerve,
" And call up all thy father in thy soul."
As this pronoun is generally pronounced on the ftage.
TID
523
TIM
not Io7, not 16'3 — tibe 171, t&b 172, bull 173 — ill 299— po&ml 313 — thin 466 — THis 4C9.
it would be difficult for the ear to distinguish whether the
words are,
« Thou k
Or, « Thou k
And this may be one reason why the slender pronunc'^
ation of thy should be avoided as much as possible.
Perhaps it will be urged, that though these passages
require thy to be pronounced so as to rhyme with high,
there are other instances in tragedy where the subject is
low and familiar, which would be better pronounced by
sounding thy like the : to which it may b:? answered, that
when tragecly lowers her voice, and descends into the
mean and familiar, as is frequently the case in the
tragedies of Shakespeare, the slender pronunciation of
thy may be adopted, because, though the piece may have
the name of a tragedy, the scene may be really comedy.
-The only rule, therefore, that can be given, is a very
indefinite one ; namely, that thy ought always to be pro-
nounced so as to rhyme with 'high when the subject is
raised, and the personage dignified; butwhen the subject
is familiar, and the person we address without dignity or
importance, if thy be the personal pronoun made use of,
it ought to be pronounced like the : thus, if, in a familiar
way, we say to a friend, Give we thy hand, we never hear
the pronoun thy sounded as to rhyme with high: and it
is always pronounced like the when speaking to a child;
we say Mind thy book, Hold up thy head, or Take off thy
'tat. The phraseology we call theeing and thouing, is
not in so common use with us as the tutoyant among the
French : but as the second personal pronoun tftou, and its
possessive thy, are indispensable in composition, it seems
of some importance to pronounce them properly. — See
Rhetorical Grammar, page 32.
THYSELF, THl's&f, pron. recijrrocal. It is com-
monly used in the oblique case or following the verb;
in poetical or solemn language it is sometimes used in
the nominative.
THYME, time, s. 471. A plant.
THYINK-WOOD, </i4-iru>-wud, &. A precious wood.
TlAll, tl-ar, ) s. A dress for the head, a
TlARA, ll-a^rA, 116. \ diadem.
To TlCK, tise, p. a. To draw, to allure. Used sel-
dom, for Kntice.
TlCK, tlk, s. Score, trust; the louse of dogs or
sheep ; the case which holds the feathers of a bed.
To TlCK, tlk, v. n. To run on score ; to trust, to
score; to make a small quick noise like that of a watch.
TlCKEN, 7 tlk-kln, s. 1 03. The same with Tick.
TICKING, 3 A sort of strong linen for bedding.
TICKET, tlk-lt, $. 99. A token of any right or debt
upon the delivery of which admission is granted, or a
claim acknowledged.
To TICKLE, tik-kl, v. a. 405. To affect with
prurient sensation by slight touches ; to please by slight
gratification.
To TlCKLE, tik-kl, v. n. To feel titiliation.
TICKLE, tik-kl, adj. Tottering, unfixed, unstable.
Not in use.
TICKLISH, tlk-kl-lsh, adj. Sensible to titiliation,
easily tickled; tottering, uncertain, unfixed ; difficult,
nice.
TlCKLISHNESS, tlk'kl-lsh-n£s, j. The state of be-
ing ticklish.
TlCKTACK, tlk-tlk, S. A game at tables.
TlDE, tide, S. Time, season. In this sense not
now in use. Alternate ebb and flow of the sea ; flood ;
stream, course.
To TIDE, tide, v. a. To drive with the stream.
To TlDE, tide, v. n. To pour a flood, to be agitated
by the tide.
TlDEGATE, tide-gate, s. A gate through which the
tide passes into a bason.
TlDESMAN, fidz-man, s. 88. A tidcwaiter or cus-
tom-house officer, who watches on board merchant
ships till the duty of goods be paid,
TlDEWAITER, tide-wa-t&r, s. An officer who
watches the landing of goods at the custom-house.
TlDlLY, ti^de-le, adv. Neatly, readily.
TIDINESS, ti-d^-ne's, s. Neatness, readiness.
TlUINGS, ti-dingz, s. News, an account of some-
thing that has happened.
TlDY, tl-d£, adj. Neat, ready.
;*?- If I do not mistake, Mr. Elphinston derives this
d from tide; as, a tidy person, is one who is as atten-
tive to dress and arrangement of things as if preparing for
the tide, which, as the proverb says, " waits for no man."
But Skinner seems more properly to derive this word from
tight, as, a tight fellow, one tied up or braced, not loose.
To TlE, ti, v. a. 276. To bind, to fasten with a knot ;
to knit, to complicate ; to hold, to fasten ; to hinder, to
obstruct ; to oblige, to constrain, to restrain, to confine.
TlE, ti, s. Knot, fastening ; bond, obligation.
TIER, teer, s. 275. A row, a rank.
TlERCE, t£rse, s. 277. A vessel holding the third
part of a pipe.
TlFF, tlf, s. Liquor, drink; a fit of peevishness or
sullenness, a pet.
To TlFF, tlf, v. n. To be in a pet, to quarrel.
TIFFANY, tl£fa-n<*, s. Very thin silk.
*. 98. A fierce beast of the leo-
TIGER, tUg&r,
nine kind.
TIGHT, tlte, adj. 393. Tense, close, not loose; free
from fluttering rags, less than neat— See Tidy.
To TIGHTEN, tl-tn, v. a. 103. To straiten, to
make close.
TIGHTLY, titeil^, adv. Closely, not loosely ; neatly,
not idly.
TIGHTNESS, tltu-n^s, s. Closeness, not looseness.
TIGRESS, tligrds, s. The female of the tiger.
TlKE, tike, s. A species of dog.
TlLE, tile, s. Thin plates of baked clay used to co-
ver houses.
To TlLE, tile, v a. To cover with tiles ; to cover
as tiles.
TlLER, tl-l&r, s. 98. One whose trade is to cover
houses with tiles.
TILING, ti-llng, s. 4 10. The roof covered with tiles.
TlLL, till, s. A box in a desk or counter into which
money is dropped.
TlLL, till, prejy. To the time of; Till now, to the
present time ; Till then, to that time.
TlLL, till, conjunct. To the time ; to the degree that.
To TlLL, till, v- a. To cultivate, to husband, com-
monly used of the husbandry of the plough.
TILLABLE, tlUli-bl, adj. 405. Arable, fit for the
plough.
TILLAGE, tll-lldje, s. 90. Husbandry, the act or
practice of ploughing, or culture.
TILLER, tH-lur, s. 98. Husbandman, ploughman ;
a till, a small drawer ; the rudder of a boat.
TlLT, tilt, s. A tent, any covering over head ; the
cover of a boat ; a military game at which the comba-
tants run against each other with lances on horseback ;
a thrust.
To TlLT, tilt, v. a. To cover like a tilt of a boat ;
to carry as in tilts or tournaments ; to point as in tihs ;
to turn up so as to run out.
To TlLT, tilt, v. n. To run in tilts ; to fight with
rapiers ; to rush as in combat ; to play unsteadily ; to
fall on one side.
TlLTER, tllt-iir, s. 98. One who tilts, one who fighU.
TILTH, tilth, s. Husbandry, culture.
TIMBER, tlmibur, s. 98. Wood fit for building ;
the main trunk of a tree ; the main beams of a fabritk.
TIMBERED, timb-bird, adj. 559. Built, formed,
contrived.
TIMBREL, tlm-brll, s. 99. A kind of musical
instrument played by pulsation.
TlME, time, s. The measure of duration ; space of
time ; interval ; season, proper time ; a considerable
space of duration, continuance, process of time; age,
particular part of time; hour of childbirth; musical
measure.
To TlME, time, v. a. To adapt to the time, to
bring or do at a proper time; to regulate as to time;
to measure harmonically.
TlMEFUL, tlrat-ful, adj. Seasonable, timely, early.
TIR 524 TIT
15- 559. Fate 7."., fAr 77, I'd II S3, fit 81 — m<* 93, m£l 95 — pine 105, pin K>7 — no 16'-', move
TlMKt.rss, timcilds, <idj. Unseasonable, done at
an improper lime; untimely, immature, done before
the proper lime.
TlMKI.Y, llmc'li', ad}. Seasonably, sufficiently early.
TlMrsKKVl.ll. tinic-sC-rv. fir, s. One who complies
with prevailing notions whatever they be.
Tl.MESV.RVING, timc-s£rv-1llg, adj. Meanly, com-
plying with present power.
TlMID, tlm-id, adj. Fearful, timorous, wanting
courage.
TIMIDITY, te-mulio-t4, j. Fcarfulness, timorous-
ncss, habitual cnwardiee.
TIMOROUS, tlm-fir-us, adj. 314. Fearful, full of
fear and scruple.^
TIMOROUSLY, tlin'?ir-&s-l<!>, adv. Fearfully, with
much fear.
Tl.MOROUSNESS, tiin-Qr-fls -n&, t. Fearfulncss.
TlMOUS, ti-mfts, adj. 3 1 4. Early, timely. Not in use
TlN, tin, s. One of the primitive mctaU, callctl
by the ehymists Jupiter; thin plates of iron covered
with tin.
To TlN, tin, v. a. To cover with tin.
To TlNCT, tlngkt, v. a. To slain, to colour, to
spot, to die; to imbue with a taste.
TlNCT, tlngkt, s. 408. Colour, stain, spot.
TINCTURE, tlngkitshire, 4. 461. Colour or taste
iupcraddcd by something ; extract of some dmg made
in spirits, an infusion.
Ta TINCTURE, tlngkitslifiro, v. a. To imbue or
Impregnate with some colour or taiic; lo imbue ihc
mind.
To TlND, tlnd, p. a. To kindle, to set on fire.
TlNDER, tllAlfir, *. 98. Any thing eminently in-
flammable placed to catch fire.
To TlXGE, tlllje, v. a. To impregnate or imbue
wilh a colour or taste.
TlNGENT, tlnijent, adj. Having the power to tinge.
To TlNGLE, tlngigl, v. n. 4O5. To feel a sound,
or the continuance of a sound ; to feel a sharp pain
with a sensation of motion ; to feel cither pam or plea-
sure with a sensation of (notion.
To TlNK, tingk, v. n. 408. To make a sharp shrill
noise.
TINKER, tmgki&r, s. A mender of old brass.
Ta TINKLE, tlngkikl.p. n. 4O5. To make a sharp
quick noise, to clink ; to hear a low quick noise.
TlNMAN, tlnimln, 5. 88. A manufacturer of tin,
or iron tinned over.
TlNNF.R, tlnintir, s. 98. One who works in the tin
mines.
TINSEL, tlnisll, *. 99. A kind of shining clolh ;
anv thing shining with false lustre, any thing showy
and of little value.
To TlNSF.L, tlnisll, v. a. To decorate with cheap
ornaments, to adorn with lustre thai has no \alue.
TINT, tint,*. A die, a colour.
TlNY, tline, adj. Little, small, puny.
TlP, tip, s. Top, end, joint, extremity.
To TlP, tip, v- a. To top, to end, to cover on the
end; to strike slightly, to lap; to give an innuendo, to
ghc secretly.
TlPPET, tlpiplt, s. 99. Something worn about the
neck.
To TlPPLE, tlp-pl, i>. 11. 405. To drink luxurious-
ly, to waste life over the cup.
To TlPPLE, llpipl. /'. a. To drink in luxury or excess.
TlPPLE, tlpipl, S. Drink, liquor.
TIPPLED, tlpipld, adj. 359. Ti|*y, drunk.
TIPPLER, tlpipl- fir, s. 98. A sottish drunkard.
TlPSTAFF, tipisuU, *. An officer wilh a stall
with metal ; the si an" itself, so lipped.
TlPSY, tlpibc, ndj. Drunk.
TIPTOE, dplto, 5. The end of the toe.
TlUE, tecr, $. Rank, row. — Sec Tier
TIRINGROOM, ti-rlng-rooin,
£5" As this word, when il signifies a rank or row, is uni-
versally pronouncd like tear, a drop from the eye, it ought
a I ways" to be written Her; which would prevent a gross
irregularity. Tiiis is ihc more to be wished, not only as it*
derivation from the old French liert seems to require this
spelling, but to distinguish it from the word lire, a head-
dress; which, probably, being a corruption either of tho
word linni, an ornament for the head, or of the English
word attire, oughl lo be written and pronounced like the
word tire, lo fatigue. Or. Kcnriek is the only orlhoepist
who has allctxicd lo this distinction.— Sec Hotel.
TlRE, tire, s. A head-dress ; furniture; apparatus
To TlRE, tire, p. a. To fatigue, to make weary, t.i
harass ; to dress the head.
To TlRE, tiro, v. n. To fail with weariness.
TIREDNESS, lirdin^s, i. State of being tired, weari-
ness.
TIRESOME, tlreis&m, adj. 165. Wearisome, fa-
tiguing, tedious.
TIRESOMENESS, tireisftm-ncs, s. Actor quality <•(
being tiresome.
TIREWOMAN, tireiwum-nn, *. 88. A woman
whose business is to make dresses for the head.
TlRINGHOUSE, tJirlng-lioAse,
v S. The room in
'hich players dress for the stage.'
'TlS, tlz. Contracted for It is. This contraction u
allowable only in poetry.
TlSICK, tlziik, s. Properly Phthisick. Consumption.
TlSICAL, tlzie'-kiU, adj. 509. Consumptive.
TISSUE, tlshi&, S. 452. Cloth interwoven witli
golu and silver.
To TISSUE, tUliifr, v. a. To interweave, to variegate.
TlT, tit, S. A small horse, generally in contempt ; a
woman, in contempt; a titmouse or tomtit; a bird.
TlTBIT, tltiblt, J. Nice bit, nice foot
TlTHABLE, tlTHii-l)l, adj. Subject to the payment
of tithes.
TlTHE, t'lTHc, t. 467. The tcnlh part, the |>art a»-
stgncd to the maintenance of the ministry ; the tenth
p.'irt of any thing ; a small part, a small portion.
To TlTHE, time, U. a. To tax, to levy, to pay Hie
tenth part.
Ta TlTHE, tlTHe, v. n. To pay tithe.
TlTHER, liiTH&r, s. 98. One who gather* tithes.
TlTHING, tiiTHlng, s. 4IO. Tithing is the number
or company of ten men with their families knit to-
gether in a society, all of them being bound to the king
for ihc pcaccable'and good behaviour of each of theii
society : tithe, tenth part due lo Ihc priest.
TlTHINGMAN, t^THing-mAll, S. A petty i*a.cc
officer.
To TiTlLATE, tltitll late, v. a. To tickle.
TlTlLLATION, tlt-tll-h'iis!ifin, s. The act of tick-
ling; ilic slate of being tickled; any slight or petty plea-
sure.
TITLARK, dtittric, s. A bird.
TlTLE, tlitl, S. 405. A general head comprising
particulars; any appellation of honour; a name, an
appellation ; the first page of a book, telling its name
and generally its subject ; a claim of right.
To TlTLE, IlilJ, «?. a. To entitle, to name, to call.
TlTLELESS, ll-tl-lti'S, adj. Wanting a name or ap-
pcllalion.
TlTI.KPAGE, tiitl-padjf, s. The page containing
the title of a book.
TITMOUSE, tkiinouse, s. A small s-|iccics of bird*.
To TllTEH, Utitur, v. n. 98. To laugh wilh re-
straint.
Tin Ell, tl tit fir, s. A restrained laugh.
TlTTLE, tltitl, s 40.>. A small purtii-lc,u|i«iiii, aiiot.
TITTI.ETATTI.E, tiUtl-iAiiil, s. idle talk, pram,,
empty gabble.
TlTl'UATION, Ut-tshll-baisilCin, t. 'ilie act i>l
Humbling.
TITULAR, tllitsliu-ftir, adj. 88. Nominal, u,i-.i:i«
only tiic title.
TGI
525
TOO
nor 167, n&t 163— tube 171, tub 171% bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — thm 466 — THls
TlTULARITY, tit-tshu-larAJ-te, s. The state of be-
ing titular.
TITULARY, tit-tshu-lA-re, adj. Consisting in a
title; relating to a title.
TlTULAKY, tlt-tshu li-rt*, s. One that has a title
or right.
TlVY, tlv-e, aiij. A word expressing speed, from
Tantivy, the note of a hunting horn.
To, too, adi>. A particle coining between two verbs,
and noting (he second as the object of the first ; it notes
the intention, as, she raised a war To call me back ;
after an adjective it notes its object, as born To beg ;
noting futurity, as, we are still To seek ; To and again,
To aiid fro, backward and forward.
J£v- What has been observe^ of the word the, respect-
Ingtfie length of the e before a vowel, and its shortness
before a consonant, is perfectly applicable to the preposi-
tion, and the adverb to. This will be palpable in the
pronunciation of the verbs to begin and to eiui, and in the
phrase, I went to London, he went to Kton. It may be
observed too, that this word, though deprived of its o to
the eye, always preserves it to the ear.
it elided, as in Pope's Essay on Mun :
W nether we see
Say what the use were finer optics giv'n,
T' inspect a mite, not comprehend the heav'n."
Or preserved with an apostrophe after it, as in Milton ;
" For still they knew, and ought to' have still remembered,
" The high injunction not to taste that fruit,
" Whoever tempted."
In both these instances the word to ought to be pro-
nounced in exactly the same manner; that is, like the
number two.
To, tdo, jrreposition. Noting motion toward, op-
posed to From ; noting accord or adaptation ; noting
address or compellation, as, here's To you all ; noting
a state or place whither any one goes, as, away To
horse; noting opposition, as, foot To foot; noting a-
rnount, as, To the number of three hundred; noting
proportion, as, three To nine ; noting perception, as,
sharp To the taste ; in comparison of, as, no fool To
the sinner ; as far as ; toward. — bee the Adverb.
TOAD, tode, s. 295. An animal resembling a frog ;
but the frog leaps, the toad crawls ; the toad is account-
ed venomous.
TOADFISH, todtiflsh, s. A sea-fish.
TOADFLAX, t6de-fliks, s. A plant.
ToADSTONE, tode-stone, s. A concretion suppos-
ed to be found in the head of a toad.
TOADSTOOL, todt>-st6oi, j. A plant like a mush-
room, not esculent.
To TOAST, toste, v. a. 295. To dry or heat at the
fire ; to name when a health is drunk.
TOAST, toste, s. Bread dried before the fire ; bread
dried and put into liquor ; a celebrated woman whose
health is often drunk.
TOASTER, tost^ur, s. 98. He who toasts.
TOBACCO, to bikiko, s. An American plant much
used in smoking, chewing, and snuffing.
TOBACCONIST, tO-bik-k6-nist, s. A preparer and
vender of tobacco.
TOD, tod, s. A bush, a thick shrub ; a certaii
weight of woo!, twenty-eight pounds.
TOE, to, s. 296. The divided extremities of the
feet, the fingers of the feet.
TOFOHE, t6-lArv,' adv. Before. Obsolete.
TOGKD, t&ged, adj. 381. Gowned, dressed in a
a gown.
TOGETHER, t<i-g5TH-ur, adv. 381. In company
in the same place ; in the same time; without inter
mission; in concert; in continuity; Together with, i
union with.
To TOIL, toil, v. n. 299. To labour.
To TOIL, toil, v. a. To labour, to work at ; to
weary, to overlabour
TOIL, toll, s- Labour, fatigue; any net or snare
woven or meshed.
TOILET, toilet, s. A dressing. table.
TOILSOME, toiUsfim, adj. Laborious.
TOILSOMENKSS, toil-bU.ii-nes, i. WoarUomeness
TOKEN, ti-kn, s. 103. A sign ; a mark j a memo-
rial of friendship ; an evidence of remembrance.
TOLD, tild Pret. and purt pass- of Tell. Men-
tioned, related. — See Mould.
To TOLE, tole, v. a. To train, to draw by degree*.
TOLERABLE, t61-fir-J-bl, adj. 88. Supportable,
that may be endured or supported ; not excellent, not
contemptible, passable.
fOLERABLENESS, t61-ur-i-bl-n£s, S. The state of
being tolerable.
TOLERABLY, tol-ur-i ble, adv. Supt«rt.ibly, in n
manner that may be endured ; passably, neither wttll
nor ill, moderately well.
TOLERANCE, t51-ur-inse, s- 557. Power of endur-
ing, aut of enduring.
To TOLERATE, tol-ur-Ate, v. a. 555. To allow
so as not to hinder, to suffer.
TOLERATION, tol-ur-a-shun, s. Allowance given
to ihat which is not approved.
TOLL, tile, s. 406. An excise of goods.
To TOLL, tole, V. n. To pay toll or tollage ; to take
toll or tollage ; to sound as u single bell.
To TOLL, tole, 'v. a. To ring a bell ; to take away,
to vacate, to annul. In this sense sounded Tol.
TOLLBOOTH, tol-boOTH, S. A prison.
TOLLGATHEREE, t6K -giTH-Uf-ur, S. The officer
that takes toll.
TOLSEY, tol'-z&, s. 438. A kind of market ; a place
where people meet to buy and sell ; atollbooth. The
place near the exchange at Bristol is called the Tolsey.
TOMB, t66m, s. 164. 347. A monument in which
the dead are enclosed.
To TOMB, t66m, v. a. 347. To bury, to entomb.
ToMBLESS, toom-l£s, adj. Wanting a tomb, want-
ing a sepulchral monument.
TOMBOY, tomi-boe, s. A mean fellow, sometimes
a wild coarse girl.
TOME, tome, s. Otie volume of many ; a book.
TOMTIT, tom-tlt/ s. A titmouse, a small bird.
TON, tun, s. 165. A measure or weight.
TONE, tone, s. Note, sound ; accent, sound of the
voice, a whine, a mournful cry ; a particular or affect-
ed sound in speaking ; elasticity, power of extension
and contraction.
TONG, tung, s. 1 65. 406. The catch of a buckle.
TONGS, tongz, s. An instrument by which hold
is taken of any thing.
TONGUE, tung, s. 165.337. The instrument of
speech in human beings ; the organ by which animal ;
lick; speech, fluency of words; speech as well or ill
used; a language; speech as opposed to thoughts; a
nation distinguished by their language ; a small point,
as, the Tongue of a balance ; to hold the Tongue, to
be silent.
To TONGUE, tung, v. a. 337. To chide, to scold.
To TONGUE, tung, v. n. To talk, to prate.
TONGUED, tungd, adj. 359. Having a tongue.
TONGUELESS, tung-lfis, adj. Wanting a tongue,
speechless; unnamed, not spoken of.
TONGUEPAD, ttingipid, s, A great talker.
TONGUETIED, tung-tide, adj. 28ii. Having an
impediment of speech.
TONIC, t6niik, 509. ? ..
TONICAL, tonilk-il, { adJ- Bei"g extendetl' beillg
elastiek ; relating to tones or sounds.
TONNAGE, timinidje, s. 9o. 165. A custom or
impost due for merchandise after a certain rate in every
ton.
TONSIL, ton-sll, s. Tonsils or almonds are two
round glands placed on the side* of the basis of il.e
tongue.
TONSILE, ton-sil, adj. Patient of being clipped,
TONSURE, tonishure, s. 452. The act of clipping
the hair.
Too, too, adv. 10. Over and above, overmuch,
more than enough; likewise, also.
TOP
526
TOR
559. Fite 7:5, fir 77, fall S3, fit 31 — ni<* 93, mdt 95 — pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 162, move 164,
TOPPING, tip^plng, adj. 410. Fine, noble, gal.
TOOK, took. The jn-et. and sometimes the part
pass, of Take.
TOOL, tool, S. 306. Any instrument of manual o-
penitiim j a hireling, a wretch who acts at the com-
mand of another.
TOOTH, to5</i, s. Plvr. Teeth, 467. One of the
bones of the mouth with which the act of mastication
is performed; taste, palate ; a tine, prong, a blade ; the
cast in the Teeth, an insult by open exprobration ; in
spite of the Teeth, notwithstanding any power of injury
or defence.
To TOOTH, toS^A, u. a. 306. To furnish with
teeth, to indent ; to lock in each other.
TOOTHACHE, too/A-ake, s. 355. Pain in the teeth.
TOOTHDRAWER, to6/A-driw-fir, s. One whose
business is to extract painful teeth-
TOOTHED, t66<At, adj. 359. 467. Having teeth.
TOOTHLESS, t66/A-l4s, adj. Wanting teeth, de-
prived of teeth.
TOOTHPICK, '"--P-- c & An moment
TOOTHPICKER, tootti-plK-ur, ^
by which the teeth are cleansed.
TOOTHSOME, t66//;-sum, utfj. 165. Palatable,
pleasing to the taste.
TOOTHSOMENESS, t66/A-SUm-n£s, S. Pleasant-
ness to the taste.
TOOTH WORT, tio/Aiwfirt, s. 165. A plant
TOP, tip, s. The highest part of any thing ; the
surface, the superficies ; the highest place ; the highest
person; the utmost decree; the highest rank; the
crown of the head ; the hair on the crown of the head,
the forelock; the head of a plant; a plaything for
boys ; Top is sometimes used as an adjective, to express
lying on the top, or being at the top.
To TOP, tip, v. n. To rise aloft, to be eminent ;
to predominate ; to do his best.
To TOP, tip, v. a. To cover on the top, to tip ; to
rise above ; to outgo, to surpass ; to crop ; to rise to
the top of; to perform eminently; as, he Tops his part,
ToPAUCH, to-pirk, s. The ch ef man of a place,
the lord or governor of a small country.
TOPAZ, tA-paz, s. A yellow gem.
TOPFCL, tip-til, adj. Full to the top, full to the
brim.
TOPGALLANT, tip-gal-lint, s. The highest sail ;
it is proverbially applied to any thing elevated.
TOPHEAVY, tip-h^v^, adj. Having the upper part
too weighty for the lower.
TOPIARY, to-p^-i-re, adj. Shaped by tonsure.
TOPKNOT, tip-nit, s. A knot worn by women
on the top of the head.
TOPMAN, tip-man, *. 88. The sawyer at the top.
TOPMOST, tip-most, adj. Uppermost, highest.
TOPPROUD, tipiproud, adj. Proud in the highest
degree.
TOPSAIL, top-s.ali>, *. The highest sail.
To TOPE, tope, v. n. To dunk hard, to drink to
excess.
TOPER, to-p&r, s. 98. A drunkard.
TOPHACF.OUS, to-fa^sh&s, adj. 357. Gritty, stony.
TOPHET, toif£t, *. Hell, a scriptural name.
TOPICAL, tip^-kal, adj. 5O9. Relating to some
general head ; local, confined to some particular place;
applied medicinally to a particular part.
TOPICALLY, tip^-kal-d, adv. With application
to some particular part.
TOPIC K, lip^lk, s. 508. 544. A general head,
something to which other things are referred; things
a- externally applied to any particular part.
TOPLESS, tip-les, adj. Having no top.
TOPOGRAPHER, tA-pigigraf-ur, s. 518. One who
writes descriptions of particular places
TOPOGRAPHY, tA-pig-grif-ti, s. 518.
Uou of particular places,
TOPPINGLY,
lantly.
adv. Finely, gayly, gal-
To TOPPLE, tip-pi, v. n. 405. To fM forward, to
tumble down.
TOPSYTURVY, tip-s^-t&r-T^, adv. With the bot-
tom upward.
TORCH, tSrtsh, s. 352. A wax-light bigger than
a candle.
ToRCHEEARER, tortshiba-rfir, 5. One whose of-
fice is to carry a torch.
TORCHLIGHT, tortsliilite, *. Light kindled to sup-
ply the want of the sun.
ToRCHF.R, tortsli-ur, s. 98. One that gives light.
TORE, tore. Pret. and sometimes part. pass, of
Tear.
To TORMENT, tor-m3nt,' v. a. To put to pain, to
harass with anguish, to excruciate ; to tease, to vex
with importunity ; to put into great agitation.
TORMENT, t5r-m£nt, J 492. Any thing that gives
pain ; pain, misery, anguish ; penal anguish, torture.
TORMENTOR, tor-m3nt-&r, s. 166. One who tor-
ments, cne who gives pain ; one who inflicts penal tor-
tures.
ToRMENTIL, tor-m^nitll, *. Septfoil. A plant.
TORN, torn. Part. pass, of Tear. — See Shorn.
TORNADO, tor-naidA, i. A hurricane. — See Lum*
bago.
TORPEDO, tor-p^-do, s. A fish which, while alive,
if touched even with a long stick, benumbs the hand
that so touches it, but when dead is eaten safely.— ^ee
Drama, Flamtn, and Phalanx.
ToRPENT, t6>-p£nt, adj. Benumbed ; struck mo-
tionless, not active.
TORPESCENT, tor-plsis£nt, adj. Growing torpid.
TORPID, tSr-pld, adj. Numbed, motionless, not
active.
TORPIDNESS, torip1d-n£s, *. The state of being torpid.
ToRPITUDE, toi-pe-tude, s. State cf being mo-
tionless.
ToilPOR, t6ripir, s. 166. Dulness, numbness.
TORREFACTION, tir-r£-fik-shfin, s. The act of
drying by the fire.
To TORREFY, tir-r^-fi, v. a. 183. To dry by the
fire.
TORRENT, tirir£iit, s. A sudden stream raised bj
summer showers ; a violent and rapid stream, tumul-
tuous current.
TORRENT, tirir£nt, adj. Rolling in a rapid stream.
TORRID, tir-rld, adj. 168. Parched, dried with
heat; burning, violently hot ; it is particularly applied
to the regions or zone between the tropicks.
TORSEL, tdr-sll, s. 99. Any thing in a twisted form.
TORSION, tor-sh&n, *. The act of turning or twist-
ing.
TORTILE, toritll, adj. 140. Twisted, wreathed.
ToRTION, torishun, s. Torment, pain.
TORTIVE, toridv, adj. 158. Twisted, wreathed.
TORTOISE, tor-tiz, s. 301. An animal covered
with a hard shell ; there are tortoises both of land aiul
water.
TORTUOSITY, t3r-tsh£i-is^-t£, s. Wreath, flex-
ure; crookedness, depravity.
TORTUOUS, t5r-tshu-5s, adj. 463. Twisted, wreatli-
ed, winding: mischievous.
TOKTURE, tor-tshhre, s. 461. Torments judicial-
ly inflicted; pain by which guilt is punished, or con-
fession extorted ; pain, anguish, pang.
To TORTURE, tor-tshure, v. a. To punish with
tortures ; to vex, to excruciate, to torment.
TORTURER, tori-tshu-rur, i. 557. He who tor-
tures, a tormentor.
TORVITY, t3riv4-ti, S. Sourness, severity of couo
tcuancc.
TOU
527
TOW
167, n&t I 53— til» 171, t&b 172, bull 173—511 299— pJind 313— thin 466— THIS 469.
TORVOUS, tSriv&s, adj. 314. Sour of ajpect, stern,
severe of countenance.
TORY, tt>-r&, s. A cant term, from an Irish word
signifying a savage; the name of a party, opposed to
that of a Whig.
To TOSS, t5s, v. a. To throw with the hand, as a
ball at play ; to throw with violence ; to lift with a sud-
den and violent motion; to make restless, to disquiet;
to keep in play, to tumble over.
To Toss, tos, v. n. To sling, to wince, to be in vio-
lent commotion ; to be tossed ; to Toss up, to throw a
coin in the air, and wager on what side it shall fall.
TOSS, tos, s. The act of tossing ; an affected man-
ner of raising the head.
TOSSKR, t6s-s&r, s. 98. One who throws, one who
flings and writhes.
TOSSPOT, tisipot, i. A toper and drunkard.
TOST, list, 36O. 367. Fret, and part. pass, of
Toss, properly Tasted.
TOTAL, tAUAl, adj. 88. Whole, complete, full ;
whole, not divided.
TOTALITY, tA-tAl-^-ti, *. Complete sura, whole
quantity.
TOTALLY, t&U£l-&, adu. Wholly, fully, completely.
T'OTHER, t&TH-&r. Contraction for The other.
To TOTTER, t5t-t&r, v. n. 98. To shake so as to
threaten a fall.
To TOUCH, t&tsh, v. a. 314. To reach so as to be
in con-tact; to come to, to a' tain; to try as gold with a
stone; to affect, to relate to; to move, to strike men-
tally, to melt; to delineate or mark out ; to infect, to
seize slightly ; to wear, to have an effect on ; to strike
a musical instrument ; to Touch up, to repair or im-
prove by slight strokes.
To TOUCH, t&tsh, v. n. To be in a state of junc-
tion so that no space is between them ; to fasten on, to
take effect on ; to Touch at. to come to without stay ;
to Touch on, to mention slightly; to Touch on or
upon, to go for a very short time.
TOUCH, t&tsh, s. Reach of any thing so that there
is no space between the things reaching and reached ;
the sense of feeling ; the act of touching ; examination
as by a stone ; test, that by which any thing is examin-
ed ; proof, tried qualities ; single act of a pencil upon
the picture ; feature, lineament ; aot of the hand upon
a musical instrument; power of exciting the affections ;
something of passion or affection ; a stroke ; exact per-
formance of agreement ; a small quantity intermingled ;
a hint, slight notice given ; a cant word for a slight essay.
TOUCHABLE, t&tsh-iUb], adj. 4O5. Tangible, that
may be touched.
TOUCH-HOLE, t&tsh-hAle, s. The hole through
which the fire is conveyed to the powder in a gun.
TOUCHINESS, t&tsh-d-n^s, s. Peevishness, irasci-
bility.
TOUCHING, t&tshilng, prep. 410. With respect,
regard, or relation to.
TOUCHING, t&tshiing, adj. Pathetick, affecting,
moving.
TouCHINGLY, t&tsh-lng-l^, adv. With feeling,
emotion, in a pathetick manner.
TOUCHMENOT, t&tsh-mti-nSt, s. An heib.
TOUCHSTONE, t&tsh-stAne, *. Stone by which rne-
tals are examined ; any test or criterion.
TOUCHWOOD, t&tshiwud, s. Rotten wood used to
catch the fire struck from the flint.
TOUCHY, t&tshi4, adj. Peevish, irritable, irascible,
apt to take fire. A low word.
TOUGH, t&f, adj. 314. 391. Yielding without frac-
ture; not brittle; stiff, not easily flexible; not easily
injured or broken; viscous, clammy, ropy.
To TOUGHEN, t&f-fn, v. n. 103. To grow tough.
TOUGHNESS, t&f-n&s, s. Not brittleness, flexibility ;
viscosity, te acity, clamminess, glutiuousness ; firm-
ness against injury.
TOUPET, too-pet,' s. 315. A curl, an artificial lock
of hair. This word is generally written and pronounc-
ed Tuopee.
TOUR, td5r, s. 315. Ramble, roving journey;
turn, revolution.
Jf3» My experience fails me if this word is not slowly
conforming to the true English sound of the vowels heard
in thou. The smart traveller to France and Italy would
fear we should never suppose he had been out of England,
were he not to pronounce it so as to rhyme with poor ;
and the sober English critick sees infinite advantage in
this pronunciation, as it prevents our mistaking talcing a
tour for taking a tower. But plausible as this latter reason
may be, it is far from being sufficient to induce a philoso-
phical grammarian to approve it. Coincidence in the
sound of words signifying different things, is the case in
all languages; but while these words are differently writ-
ten, their different meanings will be sufficiently preserved
without departing from the general analogy of pronunci-
ation.—See the word Bowl.
TOURNAMENT, t63r-na-m£nt, or turini-ment, 7
TOURNEY, to5rin<*, or t&rin£, \
s. Tilt, military sport, mock encounter ; Milton uses
it simply for encounter.
85°" I am much mistaken if general usage does not in-
cline to the short sound of the diphthong in these words ;
and that this sound ought to be indulged, is palpable to
every English ear ; which finds a repugnance at giving the
Trench sound to any word that is not newly adopted.
Journey, nourish, courage, and many other words from
the French, have long been anglicised; and there is no
reason why this word should not fall into the same class.
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Pcrrv.
five the first sound of this word; and Buchanan and VV.
nhnston, the seeoud. Junuis and Skinner spell the word
Turnnrnent
To TOURNEY, to&r-n£, or &r-n&> v. n. To tilt in
the lists.
TOURNIQUET, t&rin£-kw£t, s. A bandage used in
amputations, straitened or relaxed by the turn of a
handle
JO" The general pronunciation of this word ought to
induce us to the second pronunciation of Tournament.
To TouSE, touze, v. a. Sl.'J. To pull, to tear, to
haul, to drag ; whence Touser, or Towser, the name of a
mastiff.
Tow, t6, ». Flax or hemp beaten and combed into
a filamentous substance.
To Tow, t6, v. a. To draw by a rope, particularly
through the water.
TOWARD, tA-&rd, 324. Iprep. In a direction tof
TOWARDS, t&i&rdz, $ near to, as, the danger
now comes Towards him ; with respect to, touching,
regarding ; with tendency to ; nearly, little less than.
£•?• Notwithstanding our poets almost universally ae>-
cent this word on the first syllable, and the poets are pretty
generally followed by good speakers, there are some, and
those not of the lowest order, who still place the accent
on the second. These should be reminded, that as in-
wards, outwards, backwards, forwards, and every other
word of the same form, have the accent on the first syl-
lable, there is not the least reason for pronouncing toward*
with the accent on the last. All our orthoepists place the
accent upon the first syllable of toward when an adjective.
Towards, being always a preposition, has the accent on
the first syllable by Mr. Scott ; but Mr. Perry, Barclay,
and Kenning, place it on the second. From the coales-
cence of the o with the vi, this word is pronounced gener-
ally in one syllable, though Dr. Kenrick says otherwise.
Mr. Sheridan so pronounces it; Mr. Naresand Mr. Smith
rhyme it with boards : Bailey accents the first syllabi-* of
toward, and Entick the same syllable on the same word,
and on towards as a preposition.
TOWARD, t&w&rd, adj. 88. Ready to do or learn,
not froward.
TOWA HOLINESS, t<Ww^rdr]<i-n£s, S. Docility, com-
pliance, readiness to do or to learn.
TOWARDLY, t6-w5rd-l£, adj. Heady to do or learn ;
docile, compliant with duty.
TOWARDNESS, t6-wfrrd-n&, s. Docility.
TOWEL, tou-il, s. 99. 32.'5. A cluth on which the
hands are wiped.
TOWER, tou-ur, *. 99. 3 '.23. A high building, *
building raised above the main edifice ; a fortress, a
citadel ; a high head-dress ; high flight, elevation.
To TOWER, tou-&r, t;. n. 98. To soar, to fly or
rise high.
TOWERED, tou-ird, actf. 359. Adoined or defend-
ed by towers.
ToWERY, toi-ur-£, adj. Ador~«d or guarded wttfc
towers.
TRA
to" 559- File 73, fir 77, fill S3, fit 51— mi 93, mit 95— pln« 105, pin fc>7— nA 162, tnive 1 <M,
TOWN, tiftn, $. 323. Any walled collection of
houses; any collection of houses larger than a village;
in England, any number of houses to which belong* a
rc.nil.ir market." and which is not a city, or see of a
bishop ; the court end of London ; the people who live
in the capital.
TowNCLERK, toin-klark, s. An officer who ma-
nages the publick business of a place.
TOWNHOUSE, toun-house, s. The hall where pub-
lick business is transacted.
TOWNSHIP, loin-ship. *. The corporation of a town
TOWNSMAN, toinz-man, s. 88. An inhabitant of
a place; one of the same town.
TOWNTALK, toiiii-tawk, S Common prattle of a
place.
TOY, to4, 3. 329. A petty commodity, a trifle, a
thing of no value ; a plaything, a bauble ; matter of
no importance; foil., trifling practice, silly opinion ;
play, sport, amorous dalliance; frolick; humour, odd
fancy.
To TOY, tW, v. n. To trifle, to dally amorously,
to play.
ToYISH, tie'-fsh, adj. Trifling, wanton.
ToYlSHNESS, ti'xi-lsh-n&S, J. Nugacity, wantonness.
TOYSHOP, t&eish5p, S. A shop where playthings
n:i I little nice manufactures are sold.
To TOZE, tAze, v. a. To pull by violence or im-
petuosity. Obsolete. — See Tause and Tease.
TlXACE, trase, J. Mark left by any thing passing,
footsteps ; remain, appearance of what has been ; har-
ness for beasts of draught.
Ta TRACE, trase. v. a. To follow by the footsteps,
or remaining marks ; to follow with exactness; to mark
out.
TRACER, tra-s&r, s. 98. One who traces.
TRACK, trak, s. Mark left upon the way by the
foot or otherwise ; a road, a beaten path.
To TRACK, trak, v. a. To follow by the footsteps
or marks left in the way.
TRACKLESS, trakiles, adj. Untrodden, markc<
with no footsteps.
TRACT, trAkt, 3. A region, a quantity of land ;
continuity, anything protracted or drawn out to length :
course, manner of process; it seems to be used bj
* Shakespeare for Track ; a treatise, a small book.
TRACTABLE, trakita-bl, adj. 405. Manageable
docile, compliant ; palpable, such as may be h.uidled.
TRACTABLENESS, trak-ta-bl-n£s, s. The state o
being tractable, compliance, obsequiousness.
TRACTATE, trak-tate, s. 91. A treatise, a tract,
a small book.
TRACTION, trak-sh&n, t. The act of drawing, th
state of being drawn.
TRACTILE, trakitil, adj. 14O. Capable to be drawi
out or extended in length, ductile.
TRACTILITY, trak-tIW-t<J, s. The quality of being
tractile.
TRADE, trade, s. 73. Traffick, commerce, exchange
occupation, particular employment whether manua
or mercantile.
To TRADE, trade, v. n. To traffick, to deal, t<
hold commerce; to act merely for money, to go wi:
£ trade-wind.
TRADE WIND, tradtAvlnd, s. The monaoon, th(
periodical wind between the tropicks.— See Wind.
TRADED, tra-ddd, adj. Ver»ed, practised.
TRADKR, tiaidtir, s. 98. One eng. ged in mer
chandise or commerce; one long used in the methods
of money-getting, a practitioner.
TRADESFOLK, tradz^foke, 4. People employed ii
trades — See Fullc.
TRADESMAN, tradz-man, s. 88. A shopkeejier.
TRADEFUL, tradciful, adj. Commercial, busy ii
traffick.
TRADITION, tr;\-dl->hi&n, s. The act or practice o
delivering accounts from mouth to mouth withou
written memorials ; any tiling delivered orally froi
Hufe to a-'c.
TRADITIONAL, tra-dlsh-un al, adj. Delivered b>
tradition, descending by oral communication ; obser-
vant of traditions, or idle rites.
TRADITIONALLY, tra-dlshiiin-al &, ado. By
transmission from age to age ; from tradition without
evidence of written memorials.
TRADITIONARY, tra-duh-fui ar-£, adj. Delivered
by tradition.
PHADITIVE, trad^-tlv, adj 512. Transmitted or
transmissible from age to age.
To TRADUCE, tra-diis-.',' v. a. To censure, to con-
demn, to represent as blame.-ible, to calumniate; to
propagate, to increase by deriving one from another.
TRADUCEMENT, tra-dise-m^nt, s. Censure, ob-
loquy.
TRADUCER, tri-dh-sfcr, *. 98. A false censurer,
a calumniator.
TRAOUCIBLE, tra-dii-s^-bl, adj. 405. Such ,u
may be derived.
I'llADUCTION, tra-dftk-sh&n, i. Derivation from
one of the same Kind, propagation; tradition, tiaus
mission from one to another; conveyance; transition.
TRAFFICK, traP-ilk, *. Commerce, large trade ;
commodities subject to traffick.
To TRAFFICK, traf-flk, v. n. To practise com-
merce; to merchandise; to trade meanly or mercena-
rily.
TRAFFICKER, traf^flk-k&r, s. Trader, merchant
TRAGEDIAN, tra-jeWe-an, s. A writer of tragedy ;
an actor of tragedy.
IC5» In this word we have a striking instance of the
aversion of the language to what may be called a Tauto-
[)hony, or a successive repetition of the same sound. We
find lio repugnance at aspirating the d in comedian, and
pronouncing it as if written comeje-an s but there is no
ear that would not be hurt at pronouncing tragedian as
if written tra-je-je-an. The reason is evident. The §• e
that immediately precedes being exactly the same sound
as di when aspirated into jn, the ear will not suffer the
repetition, and therefore dispenses with the laws of aspira-
tion, rather than otfeml against those of harmony. To
the same reason we must attribute giving the sound of
ztt to the double 3 in abscission, and to the ti in transi-
tion. The same aversion to the repetition of similar
sounds makes us drop the first aspiration i:i diphthong,
triphthong, ophthalmy, <fec.— See Ophthalmic^-.
TRAGEDY, trad-jii-dti, s. A dramatick representation
of a serious action ; any mournful or dreadful event.
TRAGICAL, tradije-kal, 1
TRAGICK, trad-jlk, \
trag- dy ; mournful, calamitous, sorrowful, dreadful.
TRAGICALLY, trad^-kal-e, adv. In a tragical
manner, in a manner befitting tragedy ; mournfully,
sorrowfully, calamitously.
TRAGICALNESS, tradijti-kal-n£s, s. Mournfulness,
calami tousness.
TRAGICOMEDY, trad-je-k5mU*-dt*, s. A drama
coin|Kiuiuled of merry and serious events.
TRAGICOMICAL, trad-je-k6m^e kal, adj. Relat
ing to tragicomedy ; consisting ut a mixture of mirth
and sorrow.
TRAGICOMICALLY, trad-jti.k5tn^ kaW, adi: In
a tragicomic manner.
To TRAJKCT, tra-jlkt,' v. a. To cast through, to
throw.
TRAJECT, trad-jekt, s. 492. A ferry, a passage
for a water-carriage.
TRAJECTION, tri jekisliun, s. The act of darting
through ; emission.
To TRAIL, trale, v. a. 202. To hunt by the track ;
to draw along ihe ground; to draw a tcr in a long
floating or waving body ; to draw, to drag.
To TjlAIL, trale, v. n. To be drawn out in length.
TRAIL, trale, s. Track followed by the hunter ; any
thing drawn to length ; any thing drawn behind in long
undulations; bowel of a woodcock.
To TRAIN, trane, D. a. 202. To draw along ; to
draw, to entice, to invite ; to dr.;w by artifice or strata-
gem, to draw from act to act bv persuasion or promise,
to educate, to bring up, commonly with Up; to breed.
or f<-rm to any thing.
509. Relating to
TRA
529
TRA
n'ir I'-'T, n5t 1S3 — tube 171, til) 1 T2, bill 17:! — HI '299 — poinnl 31'} — //<in 460 — Th 4CO.
T'liAIN, trane, s. Artifice, stratagem of enticement;
the tail of a bird; part of a gown that f.dls behind upon
the ground ; a series, a consecution ; process, method,
state of procedure; a retinue, a number of followers ;
an orderly company, a procession, a line of powder
reaching to the mine; train of artillery, cannons ac-
companying an army.
TRAINBANDS, traiifibandz, s. The militia, the
part of a communitv trained to martial exercise.
FRAINOIL, trane-5il, s. Oil drawn by coctiou from
the fat of the whale.
TRAINY, tra-ni, adj. Belonging to trainoil.
To TRAIPSE, trapes, v. a. 202. To walk in a care-
less or sluttish manner.
TRAIT, tra, or trate, s. 472 A stroke, a touch.
TRAITOR, traU&r, s. 166. 202. One who, be-
ing trusted, betrays.
TRAITORLY, tra^tftr-le, 7 ..
rr, . i/ i i ^., . r mil. Trehche-
IRAITOROUS, traitur-us, 314. ^
rous, perfidious.
TRAITOROUSLY, tra-t&r-fis-li, adi>. In a man-
ner suiting traitors, perfidiously.
TRAITRESS, tra-tr$s, s. A woman who betrays. — See
Tutoress.
To TRALINEATE, tra-liniyate, v. «. 1 13. TO de-
viate from any direction.
TRAMMEL, tram-mel, s. 99. A net In which birds
or fish are caught ; any kind of not ; a kind of shackles
in which horses are taught to pace.
To TRAMMEL, tram£in£l, v. a. To catch, to in-
tercept.
To TRAMPLE, tramipl, v a. 405. To tread under
foot with pride, contempt, or elevation.
To TRAMPLE, trAm'pl. v. n. To tread in contempt ;
to tread quickly and loudly.
TRAMPLER, tramipl-5r, s. 98. One who tramples.
TRANATION, tra-na-shfm, s. The act of swim-
ming over.
TRANCE, transe, s. 78, 79. An ecstasy, a state
in which the soul is wrapt into visions of future or dis-
tant things.
TRANCED, transt, adj. 359. Lying in a trance or
ecstasy.
TRANGUAU, tranigram, s. A cant word. An odd
intricately contrived thing.
TRANNEL, tran-nll, s. 99. A sharp pin.
TRANQUIL, trang-kwll, adj. Quiet, peaceful,
undisturbed.
TRANQUILLITY, trang-kwllie-t£, .«. 408. Quiet,
peace of mind, peace of condition, freedom from per-
turbation.
To TRANSACT, trans-akt/ v. a. To manage, to
negotiate, to conduct a treaty or affairs; to pe: form,
to do, to carry on.
TRANSACTION, trans-ak-shfin, s. Negotiation,
dealing between man and man, management.
TRANSANIMATION, trans-an-ne mi-sh&n, 5.
Conveyance of the soul from one body to another.
To TRANSCEND, tran-s£nd,' v. a. To pass, to o-
verpass ; to surpass, to outgo, to exceed, to excel ; to
surmount, to rise above.
TRANSCENDENCE, tran-s£n-dlnse,
TRANSCENDENCY,
*' Excel-
lence, unusual excellence, supcreminence ; exaggera-
tion, elevation beyond truth.
TRANSCENDENT, lran-s£tAl<5nt, adj. Excellent,
supremely excellent, passing others.
TRANSCENDENTAL, tran-s£n-den£tal, adj. Ge-
neral, pervading many particulars; supereminent, pass-
ing others.
TRANSCENDENTLY, tran-s£nid<?nt-l£, adv. Ex-
cellently, supereminently.
To TRANSCOLATE, transik6-late, v. a. To strain
through a sieve or colander.
To TRANSCRIBE, traa skrlbc,' v, a. To copy, to
write from an exemplar.
TRANSCRIBER, tran-skri-bfir, s. A copier, one who
write* from a copy.
TllANSruirr, tran-skrlpt, s. A copy, any thing
written from an original.
TRANSCRIPTION, tran-skrlpishun, 5. The act «t
copying.
TRANSCRIPTIVELY, tran-skrlp'tiv-k1, adv. in
manner of a copy.
To TRANSCUR, trins-kur,' v. n. To run or move
to and fro.
TRANSCURSION, trans-k&rish&n, s. Ramble, pas-
sage through, passage beyond certain limits.
TRANSE. transe, S. A temporary absence of the
soul, an ecstacy.
TRANSELF.MENTATION, trans-£l-4-men-taishfi:i,
i. Change of one element into another.
TRANSEPT, tran-s£pt, s. A cross ai.-le in churches.
To TRANSFER, trans-f?r/ v. a. To convey, or make
over from one to another; to remove, to transport.
TRANSFER, trans-f£r, s. 492. The act of convey-
ing from one person to another.
TRANSFERABLE, trans-f£r-a bl, or trans-f£r-a-bl,
adj. Capable of being transferred.
j£^ I have met with this very common and useful
word in no Dictionary but Entick s, where the accent i?
very properly placed on the second syllable; as all words
of this form ought as much as possible to retain the accen*
of the verb from which they are derived.
TRANSFIGURATION, trans- fig-iVraish&n, *.
Change of form ; the miraculous change of our blessed
Saviour's appearance on the mount.
To TRANSFIGURE, trans- figure, v. a. To trans-
form, to change with respect to outward appearance.
To TRANSFIX, trans-llks,' v. a. To pierce through.
To TRANSFORM, trans-form/ t>. n. To metamor-
phose, to change with regard to external form.
To TRANSFORM, trans-form/ v. n. To be meta-
morphosed.
TRANSFORMATION, trans-fSr-ma-sh&n, *. State
of being changed with regard to form.
TRANSFRETATION, trans-frd-taishun, s. Passage
over the sea.
To TRANSFUSE, trans f&ze,' v. a. To pour nut of
one into another.
TRANSFUSION, trans-fft-zh&n, s. The act of pour-
ing out of one into another.
To TRANSGRESS, trans-gres/ v. a. To pass ovir,
to pass beyond ; to violate.
To TRANSGRESS, traus-grds/ v. n. To oflVi.d by
viol -.ting a law.
TRANSGRESSION, trans-gr£sh-&n, s. Violation of
a law, breach of a command ; offence, crime, fault
TRANSGRESSIVE, trans-gr£s£slv, adj. Faulty, cul-
pable, apt to break laws.
TRANSGRESSOR, trans-gr?sis&r, s. 166. Law-
breaker, violator of command; offender.
TRANSIENT, tran-sh^-^nt, adj. .542. Soon passed,
soon passing, short, momentary.
TRANSIENTLY, tranish£-3nt-l<*, adv. In passage,
with a short passage, not extensively.
THANSIENTNESS, tran-sh£-£nt-n£s, *. Shortness
of continuance, speedy passage.
TRANSILIENCE, tran slliyense, 7
TRANSILIENCY, tran-sll^n-s<i, $ *' II3' Lcap
from thing to thing.
TRANSIT, tran-sit, s. In Astronomy, the pac-
ing of any planet just by or under any other planet 01
fixed star. „
TRANSITION, tran-slzh-un, ortran-slshi&n,«. 29.
Removal, passage; change; passing in writing or con-
versation from one subject to another — See Tragedian.
J£5* I prefer the first mode of pronouncing ihis word
to the second, though, at first sight, it appears not so regu-
lar. My reason is, the aversion our language has to a re-
petition of exactly similar sounds. The j in the prefix
trans is always sharp and hissing, and that inclines us to
vary the succeeding aspiration, by giving it the flat in-
stead of the sharp sound. This is the best reason I can
give for the very prevailing custom of pronouncing this
termination in this word contrary to analogy. When I
asked Mr. Garrick to pronounce this word, h«, without
TRA 530 TRA
iy- 559. FAte 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81— mi 93. m<h 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, m5ve I «•«.
premeditation, gave it in the first manner; but when I de- ; To TRANSPIRE, trin-splre,' v. n. To be emitted
sired him to repeat his pronunciation, he gave it in the by insensible vapour ; to esea|>e from secrecy to notice.
1.
NT, tr&ns-l&-s2nt, ) adj. Transparent,
3, trins-lft^sld, \ diaphanous, clear.
sect >mt :
" V« on* who In his journey bates at noon,
•• Thoiuih bent on speed, »o here Ih' Archangel paut'd,
" Brtwtxt the world destroj-d ami world restor'il,
" If Attain oiiRlit i>crha|i« might Interpose,
" Then with tnuuilion sweet new speech r
I think, however, it may be classed among tliose varie-
ties where we shall neither be much applauded for being
riqht, nor blamed for being wrong.
TRANSITIVE, trans^-tiv, adj. Having the power
of passing; in Grammar, a verb Transitive it that
which signifies an action conceived as having an effect
upon some object, as, I strrke the earth.
TRANSITORILY, trinis^-tir-^-14, .irfy. With speedy
evanescence, with short continuance.
TRANSITORINESS, trin-sti-tZir-<i-n£s, *. Speedy
evanescence.
TRANSITORY, tranis£-t&r-4, adj. 557. Continu-
ing but a short time, speedily vanishing. — See Domes-
tick.
To TRANSLATE, tran-slate,' v. n. To transport,
to remove; it is particularly used of the removal of a
bishop from one see to another ; to transfer from one to
another, to convey ; to change ; to interpret in another
language ; to explain.
TRANSLATION, tran sla-shfm, s. Removal, act of
• removing ; the removal of a bishop to another see ; the
act of turning into another language ; something made
by translation, version.
TRANSLATOR, tran-sla-t&r, s. 166. One who turns
any thing into another language,
TRANSLATORY, trans-la-t&r-.^, adj. 512. Trans-
ferring.
TRANSLOCATION, trans~l&-ka£sh&n, *. Removal
of things reciprocally to oarh other's places.
THANSLUCKNCY, trans-luis£n-s£, s. Diaphaneity,
transparency.
TRANSLUCENT, trans-l&isSnt,
TRANSLUCID,
TRANSMARINE, trans-ma-r&n/ adj. 112. Lying
on the other side of the sea, found beyond tea.
TRANSMIGRANT, transmigrant, adj. Passing
into another country or state.
To TRANSMIGRATE, trans^m^-grate, v. n. To
pass from one place or country into another.
TRANSMIGRATION, trans-rn^-gra^h&n, 5. Pas
sage from one place or state into another.
TRANSMISSION, trans inlshi&n, j. The act of send-
ing from one place to another.
TRANSMISSIVE, trans- mis^slv, adj. Transmitted
derived from one to another.
TRANSMITTAI., trJns-mlt-tal, s. The act of trans
mining, transmission.
TRANSMUTABLE, trans-miita-bl, adj. Capable
of change, possible to be changed into another natur
or substance.
TRANSMUTABLY, trans-m&'ta-bliJ, adv. With
capacity of being changed into another substance o
nature.
TRANSMUTATION, trans-mi-ta'sriun, s. Chang
into another nature or substance; the great aim of a
chymy is the transmutation of base metals into gold.
To TRANSMUTE, trAns-mfite/ v. a. To chang
from one nature or substance to another.
TRANSMUTER, trans-mu-t&r, 5. One that trans
mutes.
TRANSPARENCY, trans-pa-r3n-s£, t. Clearness
diaphaneity, translncency, power of transmitting ligh
TRANSPARENT, trans- pa-r£nt, adj. Pervious t
the sight, clear, pellucid, diaphanous, translucent.
TRANSPICUOUS, trAns-plk-u-fis, adj. Transpa
rent, pervious to the sight.
Tn TRANSPIERCE, trans-p&rsc,' or trans-pgrst
e. n. To penetrate, to make way through, to permcat
—See Pierce and fierce.
TRANSPIRATION, tran-sp<* ra'sliftn, 5. Emissio
in vajiour.
To TlLANSPIRF, tran-spliv,' v. a. To emit in v»i>ou
'o TRANSPLACE, trans-plase,' v. a. To remove,
to put into a new place.
'o TRANSPLANT, trans-plant,' v. a. To remove
and plant in a new place ; to remove. ^
'RANSPLANTATION, trans plan-ta-sh&n, ». Th«
act of transplanting or removing to another soil; con-
veyance from one to another ; removal of men trom one
country to another.
TRANSPLANTER, trans.planti&r, *. One who
transplants.
To TRANSPORT, trans-pArt/ v. a. 492. To con-
vey by carriage from place to place; to carry into
banishment, as a felon ; to sentence as a felon to ba-
nishment ; to hurry by violence of passion ; to put into
ecstasy, to ravish with pleasure.
TRANSPORT, trAnsiport, s 492. Transportation,
carriage, conveyance; a vessel of carriage, particularly
a vessel in which soldiers are conveyed ; rapture, ecstasy.
TRANSPORTANCE, trans-pAr-tanse, s. Conveyance,
carriage, removal.
TRANSPORTATION, trans-p6r-ta-shun,«. Remov-
al, conveyance, carriage ; banishment for felony ; ecs-
tatick violence of passion.
TRANSPORTER, trans-pArt-6r, s. One who trans-
ports.
TRANSPOSAL, trans-pAizal, s. The act of putting
things in each other's place.
To TRANSPOSE, trins-pAze/ v. a. To put each in
the place of other ; to put out of place.
TRANSPOSITION, trans-pA-zishi&n, s. The act of
nutting one thing in the place of another; the s-ate of
being put out of one place into another.
To TllANSSHAPE, trins-sliape/ c. a. To transform,
to bring into another shape.
To TRANSUBSTANTIATE, tran-sfib stan-sli^-atc,
v. a. To change to another substance.
TRANSUBSTANTIATION, trin sub stan-she-ai
shun, s. A miraculous operation believed in the
Romish church, in which the elements of the Eucharist
are supposed to be changed into the real body and blood
of Christ.
TRANSUDATION, tran-sh6-da-shun, s. The act
of passing in sweat, or perspirable vapour, through any
integument.
To TRANSUDE, tran-sude/ v. n. To pass though
in vapour. — See Futurity.
TRANSVERSAL, trans-v£risal, adj. Running cross-
wise.
TRANSVERSALLY, trans-vgr-sal-li, adv. In a crosi
direction.
TRANSVERSE, trans-v^rse/ adj. Being in a cross
direction.
TRANSVERSELY, trans-v£rs-l£, adv. In a cross
direction.
TRANSUMPTION, trans-s&m-sh&n, $. The act of
biking from one place to another.
TRAP, trap, s. A snare set for thieves or vermin ;
an ambush, a stratagem to betray or catch unawares ;
a play at which a ball is driven with a stick.
To TRAP, trip, v. a. To ensnare, to catch by a
snare or ambush ; to adorn, to decorate.
TRAPDOOR, trap-dire,' s. A door opening and shut.
ting unexpectedly.
To TRAPE, trape, v. a. To turn idly and sluttishly
about. Commonly written and pronounced Traipse.
TRAPES, trapes, *. A slatternly woman.
TRAPSTICK, trapistlk, s. A stick with which boj«
drive a wooden ball.
TRAPEZIUM, tra-pe-zh£-&m, 3. A quadrilateral
figure, whose four sides are not equal, and none of it*
sides parallel.
TRAPEZOID, trJ-pe-z5Id, s. A figure whose four
sides are not parallel.
TRAPPINGS, trap^plngz, s. 410. Ornament? appen-
dant to the saddle ; ornaments, dress, embellishment!.
TllAsH, Irish, 5. Any thing worthless, dross, drpgs
a worthless person ; matter imjwopcr for food.
THE
531
TRE
167, nit 163— t&be 171, t&b 172, hull 173 — 511 299 — pJund S13 — //iin 4fi6— TH;s
To TRASH, trash, v. a. To lop, to crop ; to cru*h,
to humble.
TRASHY, tr;\shi<*, adj. Worthless, vile, useless.
To TRAVAIL, trav-il, v. n. 208. to labour, to
toil; to be in labour, to suffer the pains of childbirth.
To TRAVAIL, travel, v. a. 208. To harass, to tire.
TRAVAIL, ti&v-ll, 5. Labour, toil, fatigue; labour
in childbirth.
To TRAVEL, travail, v. n. 99. To make journeys ;
to pass, to go, to move; to make journeys of curiosi-
ty : to labour.
To TRAVEL, trav-ll, v. a. To pass, to journey
over ; to force to journey.
TRAVEL, trav-11, s. Journey, act of passing from
place to place ; journey of curiosity or instruction ; la-
Iwur, toil; labour in childbirth ; Travels, account of
occurrences and observations of a journey.
TRAVELLER, tr&v-U- &r, s. 406. One who goes a
journey, a wayfarer; one who visits foreign countries.
TRAVEL-TAINTED, trav-il- tint £d, adj. Harassed,
fatigued with travel.
TRAVERSE, tri- v£rs(Y ado. Crosswise, athwart.
{tj" I" "ie folio edition of JoTmson the word traverse,
when an adverb or a preposition, is accented on the last
syllable as I have marked it; but in the quarto, it is
erery where accented on the first. Mr. Sheridan accents
only the preposition on the last. Dr. Ash says the verb
was formerly accented on the last ; and Buchanan has
given it so accented : all the rest of our orihoepists accent
the word every where on the first; but the distinction in
which I have followed Dr. Johnson's folio, I must think
the most accurate.
" He through the armed files
" Darts his experienc'd eye, and soon travertc
" The -whole battalion yievrs." Hilton.
TRAVERSE, tra-v^rsr,' prep. Through, crosswise.
TRAVERSE, traverse, adj. Lying across, lying a-
thwart.
TRAVERSE, traverse, s. Any thing laid or built
across.
To TRAVERSE, triv£4rse, v. a. To cross, to lay
athwart; to cross by way of opposition, to thwart with
obstacles; to oppose so as to annul; to wander over,
to cross; to survey, to examine thoroughly.
To TRAVERSE, traverse, v. n. To use a posture
of opposition in fencing.
TRAVESTY, triv-es-t6, adj. Dressed so as to be
made ridiculous.
TRAUMATICK, traw-mat^lk, adj. 509. Vulnerary.
TRAY, tra, S. 22O. A shallow trough in which meat
is carried.
TRAYTRIP, tra'trlp, *. A kind of play.
TREACHEROUS, tr£ts!Alr-&s, adj. 234. Faithless,
perfidious, guilty of betraying.
TREACHEROUSLY, tr6tshier-&s-l<*, adv. Faith-
lessly, perfidiously, by treason, by stratagem.
TKEACHEROUSNESS, tretsh^r-fts-nls, s. 314.
The quality of being treacherous.
TREACHERY, tr£tsli^r-£, s. 555. Perfidy, breach
of faith.
TREACLE, tr&kl, s. 227. 405. A medicine made
op of many ingredients; molasses, the spume of sugar.
To TREAD, tr£d, v. n. 234. Fret. Trod ; part
past. Trodden. To set the foot ; to trample, to set
the feet in scorn or malice; to walk with form or state ;
to couple as birds.
To TREAD, tr£d, v. a. To walk on, to feel under
the foot ; to press under the foot ; to beat, to track ; to
walk on in a formal or stately manner ; to crush under
foot, to trample in contempt or hatred ; to put in ac-
tion by the feet ; to love as the male bird the female.
TRF.AD, tr&d, s. 234. Footing, step with the foot;
way, track, path; the cock's part in the egg.
i, tr^d-ftr, s. He who treads.
TREADLE, tr£d-dl, s. 405. A part of an engine on
which the feet act to put it in motion ; the sperm of
the cqck.
TRFASON, tri-zn, *. 103. 227. 170. An offence
ad}. Having the
committed against the person of majesty, or aga. us ;de
dignity of the commonwealth.
TREASONABLE, tr^-zn-i-
TREASONOUS, trt^-zn-is,
nature or guilt of treason.
TREASURE, tr£zh-ure, s. 452. Wealth hi«rU;ii,
riches accumulated.
To TREASURE, trezh-ure, t>. a. To hoard, to re-
posit, to lay up.
TREASUKEHOUSE, tr£zh£6re-li >fise, .«. Place wher«
hoarded riches are kept.
TREASURER, tr£zh-u-r&r, s. One who has care rf
money, one who has charge of treasure.
TREASURERSHIP, tr£zh-u-r&r-slilp, s. Office or
dignity of treasurer.
TREASURY, ti&zh-tl-r&, s. A place in which ri< hes
are accumulated.
To TREAT, tr£te, v. a. 227. To negotiate, to
settle; to discourse on ; to use in any manner, good or
bad ; to handle, to manage, to carry on ; to entertain.
To TttEAT, trete, v. n. To discourse, to make dis-
cussions ; to practise negotiation ; to come :o terms of
accommodation ; to make gratuitous entertainments.
TllliAT, tithe, s. An entertainment given ; some-
thing given at an entertainment.
TREATABLE, tre^ta-bl, adj. 405. Moderate, not
violent.
TREATISE, tre-tlz, s 14O. 227. Discourse, writ-
ten tractate.
TREATMENT, tr<Jttim£nl, j. Usage, manner of
using, good or bad.
TREATY, tr^t^, 5. 227. Negotiation, act of treat-
ing ; a compact of accommodation relating to publick
affairs; for Entreaty, supplication, petition. In this
last sense not in use.
TREBLE, tr£b-bl, adj. 405. Threefold, tri|>le; sharp
of sound.— See Co<He.
To TREBLE, tr^b-bl, V. a. To multiply by three,
to make thrice as much.
To TREBLE, tr£b-bl, v. n. To become threefold.
TREBLE, tr^b-bl, s. A sharp sound; the upper
part in musick.
TREBLENESS, tr£b4>l-n<is, ». The state of being
treble.
TUEBLY, tr£b-bl£, adv. Thrice told, in threefold
number or quantity.
TllF.K, trW, *. A large vegetable ris:ng with out
wooden stern to a considerable height; any thing
branched out.
TREFOIL, tri-fflll, s. A plant.
TRELLIS, tr^l-lls, s. Is a structure of iron, wood,
or osier, the parts crossing each other like a lattice.
To TREMBLE, frim^bl, v. n. 4O.5. To shaku as
with fear or cold, to shiver, to quake, to shudder; to
quiver, to totter ; to quaver, to shake as a sound.
TREMBLINGLY, ti Sm-bllng-l^, adv. So a* to ,>hake
or quiver.
TREMENDOUS, tr£-m£nAl&s, ad}. Dreadful, hor-
rible, astonishingly terrible. — See Stupendous.
TllEMOUR, tr^-mur, s. 314. The state of trembling ;
quivering or vibratory motion. Now generally writ-
ten Tremor.
TREMULOUS, trdtn-fi-l&s, adj 314, Trembling,
fearful ; quivering, vibratory.
TREMULOUSNESS, tr£m£u-l&s-n£s, 3. The state
of quivering.
To TRENCH, tr£nsh, v. a. To cut ; to cut or dig
into pits or ditches.
TRENCH, tr^nsh, j. A pit or ditch ; earth thrown
up to defend soldiers in their approach to a town, or to
guard a camp.
TRENCHANT, tren-shant, adj. Cutting, sharp.
TRENCHER, tr^n-sli&r, 4. 98. A piece of woi.ni <.n
which meat is cut at table; thetubie; food, plraMirm
of the table.
TRENCHERFLY, ti4«4«hftr-fll, s. One who haunts
tables, a parasite.
TFM
532
TRI
5.'<). Kate 73, fir 77. fall 83, fit 81 — m^ 93, m<*t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA lf>2, move 164,
Tui-.NCHERMAN, tr&iisbuT-rnln, *. 88. A fowler,
i-i e.iter.
TKKNCHERMATE, tr^n'shir-mate, *. A table
companion, a parasite.
Tti TREND, tr£nd, v. n. To tend, to lie in any
t<nrti>-ular direction. Not in use.
TRKNDLE, tr^u-tll, *. 405. Any thing turned
round.
TllEPAN, tr^-pun/ s. An instrument by which
chirurgeons cut out round pieces of the skull ; a snare,
a stratagem.
To TREPAN, trA-pan,' v. n. To perforate with the
trepan ; to catch, to ensn ire.
TREPIDATION, trSp-i-da-sh&n, s. The state of
trembling ; state of tenor.
To TRESPASS, treki-pas, v. n. To transgress, to of-
fenrl ; to enter unlawfully on another's ground.
TRESPASS, tr&ipas, *. Transgression, offence ;
unlawful entrance on another's ground.
TRESPASSER, tr&s-pas-sftr, *. An offender, a
transgressor ; one who enters unlawfully on another'*
ground.
TRESSED, trJs-s&l, adj. 104. 366. Knotted or
curled.
TRESSES, tr£sislz, *. 99. (Without a singular.) A
knot or curl of hair.
TRKSTI.K, tr£sisl, *. 472. The frame of a table; a
m.iveable form by which any thing is supported.
TllET, tr£t, i. An allowance made by merchants
to retailers, which is four pounds ir. every hundred
weight, and four pounds for waste or refuse of a com-
modity.
TREVET, tr^v-lt, * 99. Any thing that stands on
three legs.
TREY, tri, s. A three at cards.
TRIABLE, tilVi-bl, tulj. 405. Possible to be ex-
perimenteJ, callable of trial ; such as may lie judicial .y
cxaMiincd.
TRIAD, trl-5d, s. 88. Three united.
TRIAL, tri-il, s. 88. Test, examination ; experi
ence, act of examining by experience ; experiment, ex
perim«ntal knowledge; judicial examination; tempta-
tion, test of virtue ; slate of being tried.
TRIALOGUE, trl^a-l&g, *. 519. A colloquy of three
persons.
TRIANGLE, trl-ang-gl, «. 405. A figure of three
angles.
TRIANGULAR, ttiiogCgft lur, adj. Having three
angles.
TRIBK, tribe, *. A distinct body of the people as di
vidcii by family or fortune, or any oilier charac:eris-
tick ; it is often used in contempt.
TRIBRACH, tr'l-brak, s. A Litin word consist-
ing of three short syllables, as dominus.
TRIBULATION, trlb &-la^han. s. Petsecution,
distress, vex.ttion, disturbance of lite.
TRIBUNAL, tri-bfi-iial, *. 119. The seat of a
jiidf-e ; a court of justice.
TRIBUNE, tribune, «. An officer of R»me chosen
by the people ; the nxmr.andcr of a Human legion.
TRIBUNITIAL, tr!b-ii-nisti'il,
TiUBCNiTiOL's, trib ti-nlsh-fis,
tribune, relating to a tribune.
TRIBUTARY, tr!l>i&-t4-r4, adj. Paying tribute as
an acknowledgment of submission to a master; sub-
ject subordinate; paid in tribute.
TRIBUTARY, trlbift-ti ri, s. One who jays a stated
sum in acknowledgment of subjection.
TRIBUTE, tribute, j. Payment made in acknow-
ledgment of subjection.
TRICE, trlse, *. A short timr-. an instant, a stroke.
TRICHOTOMY, trl-kotito-me. «. 518. 119. 353.
Oh ision into three parts.
TRICK, trik, * A sly fraud; a dexterous artifice ;
a vicious practice; a juggle, an antick, any thing do, e
in cheat jocosely ; an unexpected effect ; a practice, a
manner, a habit; a number of cards laid rucuiarlv ui>
hi IIUY.
To TRICK, trlk, p. a. To cheat, to impose on, to
defraud ; to dress, to decorate, to artom ; to perform
by slight of hand, or with a light touch.
To TRICK, trlk, v. n. To live by fraud.
THICKER, trlk-fir, s. 98. The catch which beii.g
nulled disengages the cock of the gun, that it may give
fire.
TRICKING, triWng, 5. 410. Dress, ornament.
TRICKISH, trlk-lsll, adj. Knavishly artful, fraudu-
lently cunning, mischievously subtle.
To TRICKLE, trlk'kl, v. n. 4O5. To fall in dropj,
to ri!l in a slender stream.
n Eu/iuou IL^IOII.
£ adj. Suiting
TRICKSY, trlkts^, adj. 438. Pretty. Obsolete.
TRICORPORAL, tri.kor-p&-ril, adj. 119. Having
three bodies.
TRIDENT, triid^nt, s. 503. A three-forked sceptre
of Neptune.
TRIDENT, tri-dint, adj. 544. Having thiee teeih.
TRIDUAN, trliKjft-in, adj. 293. 376. Lasting
three days ; happening every third day. a
TRIENNIAL, tri-^n-yAl, adj. 113. 119. Lasting
three years ; happening every third year.
TRIER. trWir, s 98. One who tries experimentally ;
one who examines judicially; test, one who brings to
the test.
To TRIFALLOW, tri-fJl-16, v. a. To plough land
the third time before sowing.
TRIFID, tri-fid, adj. 119. Cut or divided into three
parts.
TRIFISTULARY, tri-fi»itsbfj-li-r£, adj. Having
three pipes.
To TRIFLE, tii-fl. v. n. 405. To act or talk with-
out weight or dignity, to act with levity ; to mock, to
play the fool; to indulge light amusement; to be of
no importance.
To TRIFLE, triifl, v. a. To make of no importance.
TRIFLE, trKfl, s. 405. A thing of no moment.
TuiFI.ER, tri'fl-&r, s. One who acts with levity,
one who talks with folly.
TRIFLING, tri-fl-Ing, adj. 410. Wanting worth,
unimportant, wanting weight.
TRIFLIXGLY, trl-fl-lng-le. adv. Without weight,
without dignity, without importance.
TRIFORM, tri-form, adj. Having a triple shape.
TRIGGER, trlgigftr, s. 98. A catch to hold the
wheel on steep ground; the catch that being pulled
looses the cock of the gun.
TRIGINTALS, trl-jIn^tAlz, s. 1 1 9. A number of
masses to the tale of thirty.
TRIGLYPH, triigllf, *. 119. A member of Ihefrieae
of the Dorick order set directly over every piliar, and
in certain spaces in the intercolumniations.
TRIGON, tnigon, s. A triangle.
TRIGONAL, trlgio-n&l, adj. Triangular, having
three corners,
ItJ- I have made the first syllable of this word short,
as lam convinced it i* agreeable to the genius of English
pronunciation to shorten every antepenultimate vowel
except «, when not followed by a diphthong, 555. Thif
is evident in tripartite, triplicate, and a thousand other
words, notwithstanding the specific meaning of the first
syllable, which, in words of two syllables when the accent
is on the first, and in polysyllables when the accent is on
the second, ought, according to analogy, to have the i
long. — See Principles, No. 550. 535.
TRIGONOMETRY, trig o-num^-tr<J, s. The art of
measuring triangles.
TRIGONOMETRICAL, trlg-A-n&-m£titn*-kil, adj.
Pertaining to ti iponometry.
TRILATERAL, tri-lAt^r.ai, adj. 1 1 9. Having thret
sides.
TRILL, trill, s. Quaver, trcmulousnes* of musitk.
To TRILL, trill, v. a. To utter quavering.
To TlULL, trill, l>. n. To trickle, to fall in drorn
or slender streams; to play in tremulous vibrationt of
sound.
TRILLION, trlliv&n. *. 113. A million of miliioni
of millions.
533
TRO
m'r 167, mV 163— tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299— pound 313— thin 466— THis 4C,9.
T ..'. i '',>,i,,',. t ,r 110 «,., words of this form, if an affectation of Latinity had not
TRM.UMINAR, trt lu-mln-ur, 7 adj. I J- Hav- often prevented us. For the same reason, therefore, that
THILUMINOUS, trl-lu-mln-5s, 3 ing three nglits. we p,onoiince /,iped, trigon, and trident, with the i long,
TV,, « XT,,. „ i,^.^,,,, we ought to adopt the first pronunciation of the word In
TRIM, trim, adj. Nice, snug, dressed up. question, and not the second—See Drama.
To TRIM, trim, v. a. To fit out; to dress, to de- . 'fBIPOLY, trlp-pA-le, s. A sharp cutting saml.
corate; to shave, to clip; to make neat, tojidju ;o THI?OS( tr|ipaSf ,. A tripod.— S~ TWnnrf.
balance a vessel ; it has often Up emphatically.
To TRIM, trim, v. n. To balance, to fluctuate be-
tween two parties.
TRIM, trim, 5. Dre.«s. gear, ornament.
TRIMETER, trlm-^-teV, adj. Consisting of three
measures.— See Trigonal.
TRIMLY, trlmile, adv. Nicely, neatly.
TRIMMER, trlmimur, s. 98. One who changes sides
to balance parties, a turncoat ; a piece of wood inserted.
TRIMMING, trlm-mlng, s. 410. Ornamental ap-
pendages to a coat or gown.
TRINAL, trivial, adj. 88. Threefold.
TRINE, trine, S. An aspect of planets placed in three
angles of a trigon, in which they arc supposed by astro-
logers to be eminently benign.
To TRINE, trine, v. a. To put in a trine aspect.
TRINITARIAN, trln-e'-dl-re-in, *. One who be-
lieves in the doctrine of the Trinity.
TRINITY, trln^-t^, s. The incomprehensible union
of the three persons in the Godhead.
TRINKET, trlng-klt, s. 99. Toys, ornaments of
dress ; things of no great value, tackle, tools.
To TRIP, trip, v. a. To supplant, to throw by strik-
ing the feet from the ground by a sudden motion ; to
catch, to detect.
To TRIP, trip, v. n. To fall by losing the hold of
the feet ; to fail, to err, to be deficient; to stumble, to
titubate; to run lightly ; to take a short voyage.
TRIP, trip, s. A stroke or catch by which the wrest-
ler supplants his antagonist; a stumble by which the
foothold is lost ; a failure, a mistake ; a short voyage
or journey.
TRIPARTITE, trlpipar-tlte, adj. 155. Divided into
three parts, having three correspondent copies.— See
Trigonal and Bipartite.
TRIPE, tripe, s. The intestines, the guts ; it is used
in ludicrous language for the human belly.
TRIPEDAL, trip-£-dal, adj. Having three feet. —
See Trigonal.
TRIPETALOUS, tri-p5t-a-lus, adj. 1 1 9. Having a
flower consisting of three leaves.
TRIPHTHONG, tripling, s. 413. A coalition of
three vowels to form one sound. — See Ophthaliuick and
Tragedian.
TRIPLE, trlpipl, adj. 405. Threefold, consisting of
three conjoined; treble, three times repeated. — See
Cwlle.
To TRIPLE, trlptpl, v. a. To treble, to make thrice
as much, or as many; to make threefold.
TRIPLET, trlpillt, *. 99. Three of a kind ; three
verses rhyming together.
TRIPLICATE, trlp-li-kate, adj. Made thrice as much.
TRIPLICATION, trlp-ld-kaishun, s.
trebling or adding three together.
TltlPLICITY, tri-pllsie-te, *. Trebleness, state of
being threefold.
l'RIPMADAM,trlpimad Am, s. An herb.
TRIPOD, trRp&d, or tripod, i. 544. A seat with
three feet, such as that from which the priestess ol
Apollo delivered oracles.
Ifjp- The first mode of pronouncing this word is that
which is adopted by Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Bailey,
Buchanan, and Perry ; and the second, by Dr. Ash, Mr.
Nares, Mr. Scott, Entick, and Fry. I do not hesitate to
}>ronounce the former the most agreeable to English ana-
ogy ; not only because the prefixes, bi and tri, when no
other law forbids, ought to be made as distinct as possible,
but because all words of two syllables with the accent on
the first, and having one consonant between two vowels,
ought, if custom does not absolutely forbid, to have the
vowel in the first syllable long. This is the genuine English
analogy ; the mode in which we pronounce all Latin words
of this form, let the quantity be what it will, 5 14 ; and the
mode in which we should have pronounced all English
TRIPPER, trip-pAr, s, 98. One who trips.
TRIPPING, trlp-plng, adj. 41O- Quick, nimble.
TRIPPING, tripling, s. Light dance.
TRIPPINGLY, trlp-plng-le', adv. With agility, witli
swift motion.
TlUPTOTE, trip-tote, S. Triptote is a tjoun used
but in three cases.
TRIREME, tli-reme, $. A galley with three benches
of oars on a side.
TRISF.CTION, tri se'k-sh&n, s. Division into three
equal parts.
TRISTFUL, trlst-ful, adj. Sad, melancholy, gloomy.
Not in use.
TR:SUI.C, trlis&lk, s.
See Tripod.
A thing of three points.-
TRISYLLABICAL, trls-sll-lab^-kal, adj. 533.
Consisting of three syllables.
TRISYLLABLE, trls-sll-la-bl, adj. 535. A word
consisting of three syllables.
TRITE, trite, adj. Worn out, stale, common, not new
TRITENESS, trite-lie's, s. Staleness, commonness.
TRITURATION, trlt-tshu-ra-shun, s. Reduction o/
any substance to powder upon a stone with a muller,
as colours are ground.
TRIVET, trlv-it, s, 99. Any thing supported by
three feet.
TRIVIAL, trlviyil, adj. 1 1 3. Vile, worthless, vul-
gar; light, trifling, unimportant, inconsiderable.
TRIVIALLY, trlv-yal-^, adv. Commonly, vulgarly ;
lightly, inconsiderably.
TRIVIALNESS, trlv-yal-nSs, s. Commonness, vul-
garity; lightness, unimportance.
TRIUMPH, trl-umf, s. 116. Pomp with which a
victory is publickly celebrated ; state of being victori-
ous ; victory, conquest ; joy for success ; a conquering
card now called trump.
To TRIUMPH, trl-amf, v. n. To celebrate a vic-
tory with pomp, to rejoice for victory ; to obtain vic-
tory ; to insult upon an advantage gained.
J£^- This verb, says Mr. Nares, was, even till Dryden'»
time, pronounced with the accent either on the first or last
syllable. Accenting the last, was according to the general
rule. See Principles, No. 503, n. But it is now, as Mr.
Nares observes, invariably accented on the first, notwith-
standing the analogy I have remarked, and the general
propensity to give a dissyllabic noun and verbs different
accentuation, 492.
TRIUMPHAL, trl-umf^al, adj. 88. Used in cele-
brating victory.
TRIUMPHANT, tri-umf^lnt, adj. Celebrating a vic-
tory; rejoicing as for victory ; victorious, graced with
conquest.
TRIUMPHANTLY, trl-umf£&nt-]£, adv. In a tri-
umphant manner in token of victory, joyfully as for vic-
tory; victoriously, with success; "with insolent exul-
tation.
TRIUMPHER, trUum-fur, £ 98 One who triumph».
TRIUMVIRATE, til-um-ve-rat, f
TRIUMVIRI, tri-5mive-ri, $ 5' A coalit10" ur
concurrence of three men.
TRIUNE, trl-uiu ', adj. At once three and one.
TROCAR, tro-kar, s. A chirurgical instrument used
in tapping for a dropsy.
TROCHAICAL, ti-6-ka-e-kil, adj. 353. Consisting
of trochees.
TROCHEE, t>(W<£, s. 353. A foot used in Latin
poetry, consisting of a long and short syllable.
TUOCHITE, ttxi-kete, s. A kind of figured fossil stone.
TllODE, trid. The jn-ct. of Tread.
TROD, trid,
TUODDEN, trididn,
_
Ftlrt-
3F
TRO 534 TRU
&-S59. File 73, fdr 77, fall 83, futSl — mi 93, m& <>5— pine 105, pin 107— ni 162, inirt- I fil,
TROGLODYTK, tr&gMi-dlte, *. 155. One who in-
habits the caves of the earth.
To TROLL, trill, v. a. 4O6. To move circularly,
TROW, tri, inter}. An exclamation of inquiry.
to drive about.
To TROLL, trill, v. n. 318.
To roll, to run
round ; to fish for a pike with a rod which has a pulley
towards the bottom.
TROLLOP, trol-l&p, *. 166. A «latteniljr, loose
woman.
TROOP, triip, s. 306. A company, a number of
people collected together ; a body of soldiers j a small
body of cavalry.
Ti> TROOP, triip, v. n. To march in a body ; to
march in haste ; to march in a company.
TtlOOPF.R, tri6p-&r, s. 98. A horse soldier.
TROPE, tripe, *. A change of a word from its ori-
ginal signification.
TROPHIED, tri^fld, adj. 283. Adorned with tro-
phies.
TROPHY,
*. 413. Something taken from an
TROWEL, troiWl, s. 99. 322. A tool to take up
the mortar with, and spread it on the bricks.
TROY WEIGHT, tnW'-wiie, > Akindofweigl,t
TROY, troti, 3'29. i
by which gold and bread are weighed.
TRUANT, tro^-ant, *. 339. An idler, one who
wanders idly about, neglecting his duly or employ-
ment. To play the Truant, is, in schools, to stay from
school without leave.
TRUANT, trii^ant, adj. 88. Idle, wandering from
business, lazy, loitering.
To TRUANT, trii-ant, v. n. To idle at a distance
from duty, to loiter, to be lazy.
TRUANTSHIP, trM&nt-ship, *. Idleness, negli-
gence, neglect of study or business.
.TRUCE, tri&se, *. 339. A temporary peace, a ces-
sation of hostilities; cessation, intermission, short quiet.
TRUCIDATION, trSS-s^-da^shan, s. The act <>i
enemy, and shewn or treasured up in proof of victory.
TROPICAL, tripi^-kal, adj. 5O9. Rhetorically
changed from the original meaning ; placed near the
tropick, belonging to the tropick.
TROPICK, trip-Ik, s. 544. The line at which the
«un turns back, of which the North has the tropick of
Cancer, and the South the tropick of Capricorn.
TRO8SERS, tr&s-s&rz, s. Breeches, hose. Not in
use. — See Trousert.
To TROT, trit, v. n. To move with a high jolting
pace; to walk fast, in a ludicrous or contemptuous
sense.
TROT, trit, *. The jolting high pace of a horse ; an
old woman.
TROTH, trifA, J. Truth, faith, fidelity.
TROTHLESS, tr&{A'l£s. adj. Faithless, treacherous.
TROTHPLIGHT, trbt/t-plite, adj. Betrothed, af-
fianced.
TROUBADOUR, tr56iba-d5ir, s. A general appella-
tion for any of the early poets of Provence, in France.
To TROUBLE, trub^bl, v. a. 3 1 4. To disturb, to
perplex; to afflict, to grieve ; to distress, to make un-
easy ; to busy, to engage overmuch ; to give occasion
of labour to ; to tease, to vex ; to disorder, to put into
agitation or commotion ; to mind with anxiety ; to sue
for a debt.
TROUBLE, trub-bl, s. 405. Disturbance, perplexi-
ty; affliction, calamity; molestation, obstruction, in
convenience ; uneasiness, vexation.
TROUBLEH, tr&b-bl-ar, s. 98. Disturber, con-
founder.
TROUBLESOME, trubM>l-s&in, adj. Full of moles-
tation, vexatious, uneasy, afflktive; burdensome, tire-
some, wearisome; full of teazing business; slightly
harassing ; unseasonably engaging, improperly impor-
tuning ; importunate, teasing.
TROUBLESOMELY, tr&bibl-s&m U, ad». Vexa-
tiously, wearisomely, unseasonably, importunately.
TROUBLESOMENESS, tr&bibl-su'm-nes, *. vexa-
tiousuea, uneasiness ; importunity, unseasonableness.
TROUBLOUS, tr&bibl-fis, adj. 3 1 4. Tumultuous
confused, disordered, put into commotion.
TROVER, tri^vfir, 3. 98. In the common law, Si
an action which a man hath against one that, having
found any of his goods, rcfuseth to deliver them.
TROUGH, trif, j. 321. 391. Any thing hollowed
and open longitudinally on the upper side.
To TROUL, trile, v. n. 318. To move volubly ; to
utter volubly.
To TROUNCE, trSinse, v. n. 313. To punish 1
an indictment or information.
TROUSE, troize, 313, 7
TROUSERS, trcS^sirz, $ *' Brecches» h^.
TROt'T, tr«S4t, 5. 313. Delicate spotted fish inh_
biting brooks and quick streams ; a familiar phrase fo
To TRUCK, tr&k, v. n. To traffick by exchange.
To TRUCK, tr&k, v. a. To give in exchange, to
exchange.
TRUCK, tr&k, *. Exchange, traffick by exchange ;
wooden wheels for carriage of camion.
TlU'CKLKBEU, trikikl-Wd, s. A bed which runs
on wheels under a higher bed.
To TRUCKLE, trik-kl, V. n. 405. To be in a state
of subjection or inferiority.
TRUCULENCE, trS6iki-14nse, ». Savagcnest ol
manners ; tcrribleuess of aspect.
TRUCULENT, tr&i-kfr-lent, adj. Savage, barba-
rous ; terrible of aspect ; destructive, cruel, — See Mu-
cultnt.
To TUUDGK, tridje, v. «. To travel laboriously,
to jog on, to march heavily on.
TRUE, tr6i% adj. 339. Not fake, agreeing witb
fact ; agreeing with our own thoughts ; pure from the
crime of falsehood, veracious; genuine, not counter-
feit ; faithful, not perfidious, steady ; honest, not frau-
dulent ; exact, truly conformable to a rule; rightful.
TaUEBORN, tr&6ib6rn, adj. Having a right by
birth.
TRUEBRED, tr&O^br^d, adj. Of a right breed.
TRUEHEAB.TED, trii-hart^d, adj. Honest, faith-
ful.
TRUELOVE, triiil&v, *. An herb, called Herba
Paris.
TRUELOVERSKNOT, tr66-luv-5rz-n&t,' s. Lines
drawn through each other with many involutions, con-
sidered as the emblem of interwoven affection.
TRUENESS, tr&iin£s, s. Sincerity, faithfulness.
TRUEPENNY, tr6&p£n-n£, s. A familiar phrase
for an honest fellow.
TRUFFLE, triiifl, s. ftruffe, Frencli.J A kind
of subterraneous mushroom.
IC^- Tliis word ought either to have the u short, or be
written with only one/. The latter of these alteration*
is, perhaps, the most practicable, as we seem inclined
rather to part wi:h a hundred letters than give up the
smallest tendency to a foreign pronunciation.
T&UISM, trii-izm, s. An identical proposition ; a
self-evident, but unimportant truth.
TRULL, trull, s. A low whore, a vagrant strumpet.
TRULY, trd&-l£, adv. According to truth, not
falsely, faithfully ; really, without fallacy ; exactly,
justly ; indeed.
TRUMP, tnimp, s. A trumpet, an instrument of
warlike musick ; a winning card, a card that has par-
ticular privileges in a game; to put to or upon the
last expedient.
To win with a trump
Trumps, to put to the
To TllUMP, trfimp, v. a.
card j. to Trump up, to devise, to foige.
TRUMPERY, trump^r-^, s. 555. Something falla-
*n nonest, or, |>erhap*, for a silly fellow. ciously splendid ; falsehood, empty talk ; something of
7» TROW, tri, v. n. 324. To think, to imagine, to I no value, trifles,
conceive. I TRUMPET, trfimpilt, j. 99. An instrument of mai«
TUB
535
TUN
nor 167, not 163 — ti'ibe 171, tirb 1 7'J. bull 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — l/iin 466 — THi's 460.
tial musick sounded by the breath; in military style, TUBEROSE, t&beirAzc, s. A flower,
a trumpeter; one who celebrates, one who praises. ,_ , ,. , 3
To TRUMPET, trfimpiit, v. a. To publish by sound TUBEROUS, tu-b£r-us, O$. 314. Having pronu-
of trumpet, to proclaim. »ent knots or, excrescence.
TRUMPETER, trimpMt &r, s. 98. One who sounds TUBULAR, tu-b&-lar, ad,. Resembling a pi,* or
trunk, consisting of a pipe, long and hollow, fistular.
TUBULE, tu-b&le, s. 5O3. A small pipe, or fUtular
Ixxly.
TUBULATED, tuibu-la-t^d, f ,. ,
m i », i i? ;• aih. Fistular, luii-
TUEULOUS, t&ib&-KlS, 314. J *
gitudinally hollow.
TUCK, t&k, 3. A long narrow sword ; a kind of net.
To TuCK, t&k, i). a. To crush together, to hinder
from spreading ; to enclose, by tucking clothes round.
TUCKER, t&k-&r, s. 98. A small piece of linen
that shades the breasts of women.
TUESDAY, tuse-d(i, s. 223. 335. The third day
of the week.
TUFT, t&ft, *. A number of threads or ribands,
flowery leaves, or any small bodies joined together; a
cluster, a clump.
To TtJFT, t&ft, v. a. To adorn with a tuft.
TUFTED, t&i!t4d, adj. Growing in tufts or cluster*.
TUFTY, t&fit£, adj. Adorned with tufts.
To TUG, t&g, v. a. To pull with strength long
continued in the utmost exertion ; to pull, to pluck.
To TUG, t&g, v. -«. To pull, to draw ; to labour,
to contend, to struggle.
TUG, t&tj, s. A pull |>erformed with the utmost effort.
TUGGER, t&gig&r, s. 98. One that tugs or pulls hard.
TUITION, til ish'&n, s. 462. Guardianship, super-
intendence.
TULIP, t&'llp, s. A flower.
Tut.iPTREE, t&'llp-tree;, s. A free.
To TUMBLE, t&mibl, v. n. 4O5. To fall, to come
suddenly to the ground ; to fall in great quantities tu-
multuously ; to roll about ; to play tricks by varioui
librations of the body.
To TUMBLE, t&m-bl, v. a. To turn over, to throw
about by way of examination ; to throw by chance or
violence; to throw down.
TUMBLE, t&mibl, s. 4O5. A fall.
TUMBLER, t&m£bl-&r, «. 98. One who »how§ pw-
tures or feats of activity.
TUMBREL, t&mibrll, s. 99. A dung-cart.
TUMEFACTION, t&-m4-fak-sh&n, s. Swelling.
To TUMEFY, t&-m£-fl, v. a. 462. To swell, to
make to swell.
TUMID, tu-mld, adj. 462. Swelling, puffed up ;
protuberant, raised above the level ; pompous, boastful,
puffy, falsrly sublime.
TUMOUR, t&'m&r, s. 314. 462. A morbid swell-
ing ; affected pomp, false magnificence, puffy grandeur.
TUMOUROUS, t&-m&r-&s, adj. 462. Swelling, protu-
berant; tastuous, vainly pompous, falsely magnificent.
To TuMULATE, t&imu-late, v- n. 462. To swell.
TuMULOSE, t& mi-lose,' adj. 462. Full of hills.
TUMULT, t&im<, s. 462. A promiscuous commo
tion in a multitude; a multitude put into wild coin
moti. .n ; astir, an irregular violence, a wild commotion
TUMULTUARILY, t&-m&litsh&-a-re^ le, adv. 462
In a tumultuary manner.
TUMULTUARINESS, ti-iti&Utsl)&-a r4-r.«?s, s. 462.
Turbulence, inclination or disposition to tumults or
commotions
TUMULTUARY, t&-m&l-tsh&-a-r^, adj. Disorderly,
promiscuous, confused; restless, put into irregular
commotion.
TUMULTUOUS, t&-m&l-tshft-&s, adj. Put intovio-
li-nt commotion, irregularly and confusedly agitated ;
violently carried on by disorderly multitudes; turbu-
lent, violent ; full ot tumults.
TuMULTUOUSLY, tu-m&l-tsh&-fts-lti, adv. Uy
act of the multitude, with confusion and violence.
TUN, tun, s. A large cask; two pipes, the mca-urs
of four Ixigsheads ; any large quantity proverbially ; a
a trumpet ; one who proclaims, publishes, or denounces ;
a fish.
TRUMPET-TONGUED, tr&mpiit-t5ng<l, adj. 359.
Having tongues vociferous as a trumpet.
To TRUNCATE, tr&ng'kate, v. a. 91. 408. To
maim, to lop, to-cut short.
TRUNCATION, tr&n-kaish&n, s. 408. The act of
lopping or maiming.
TuUNCHEON, tr&nish&n, s. 295. A short staff,
a club, a cudgel ; a staff of command.
TllUNCHEONEER, trfrn-sh&ix&r,' s. One armed
with a truncheon.
To TRUNDLE, tr&nidl, v. a. 405. To roll, to bowl
along.
TllUNDLE-TAIL, tr&nMl-tAle, S. Round tail.
TRUNK, trfingk, s. 408. The body of a tree ; the
body of an animal without the limbs ; the main body
of any thing ; a chest for clothes, a small chest com-
monly lined with paper ; the proboscis of an elephant
or other animal ; a long tube.
TuuNK-HOSE, tr&ngkMioze, *. Large breeches
formerly worn.
TRUNNIONS, tr&niy&nz, s. 113. The knobs or
bunchings of a gun that boar it on the cheeks of a car-
riage.
TRUSION, troo^zh&n, t. 451. The act of thrust-
ing or pushing.
TRUSS, tr&s, s. A bandage by which ruptures are
restrained from lapsing; bundle, any thing thrust
close together.
To TRUSS, tr&s, v. a. To pack up close together.
TRUST, tr&st, s. Confidence, reliance on another ;
charge received in confidence; confident opinion of
any event ; credit given without examination; some-
thing committed to one's faith; deposit, something
committed to charge, of which an account must be gi-
ven; fidelity, supposed honesty ; state of him to whom
something is intrusted.
To TRUST, tr&st, v. a. To place confidence in, to
confide in; to believe, to credit; to admit in confi-
dence to the power over any thing ; to commit with
confidence ; to venture confidently ; to sell upon credit.
To TRUST, trust, v. n. To be confident of some-
thing future; to have confidence, to rely, to depend
without doubt ; to be credulous, to be won to confi-
dence ; to expect
TRUSTEE, tr&s-t£»^ s. One intrusted with any
tiling; one to whom something is committed for the
use and Iwhoof of another.
TRUSTER, tr&st-&r, s. One who trusts.
TRUSTINESS, tr&st^-n^s, *. Honesty, fidelity,
faithfulness.
TRUSTLESS, tr&st-l£s, adj. Unfaithful, unconetant,
not to be trusted.
TRUSTY, tr&st^, adj. Honest, faithful, true, fit to
be trusted; strong, stout, such as will not fail.
TRUTH, trSo<A, s. 339. 467. The contrary to
falsehood, conformity of notions to things ; conformity
of words to thoughts ; purity from falsehood ; fidelity,
constancy: exactness, conformity to rule; reality; of
a Truth, or in Truth, in reality.
THUTINATION, tr6o-te-naish&n, ». The act of
weighing, examination by the scale.
Ti» TRY, trl, v. a. 39. To examine, to make ex-
periment of; to experience, to essay, to have know-
ledge or experience of ; to examine as a judge; to bring
before a judicial tribunal ; to bring to a decision, with
Out emphatical : to act on as a test ; to bring as to a
test; to essay, to attempt ; to purify, to refine.
To TRY, trl, i7. n. To endeavour, to attempt.
TUB, t&b, 5. A large open vessel of wood ; a state
of salivation.
TUBE, t&be, j. A pipe, a siphon, a long body.
TUBERCLE, t&ib6r-kl, j. 4O5. A small swelling
or excrescence on the body, a pimple.
TUR
530
TUR
£J- 559. File 7:5, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — m«i 93, m& 95— pine 105, pin 107— 116 162, move
drunkard, in burlesque ; the weight of two thousand
pounds ; a cubic space in a ship, supposed to contain
a tun.
To TlTS, t&n, v. a. To put into casks, to barrel.
TUNABLE, th-na-bl, adj. 405. 463. Harmonious,
musical.
TuNABLENESS, t6'ni-bl-n&, s. Harmony, melo-
diousness.
Tl'NABLY, tu\ini-bl£, adv. Harmoniously, melo-
diously.
TUNE, t&ne, i. 462. Tune is a diversity of notes
put together; sound, note; harmony, order, concert
of parts, state of giving the due sounds, as, the riddle is
in Tune ; proper state for use or application, right dis-
position, fit temper, proper humour; stateof any thing
with respect to order.
To TUNE, t&ne, v. a. 462. To put into such a state
as that the proper sound may be produced ; to sing har-
moniously.
To TUNE, t&ne, v. n. To form one sound to an-
other ; to utter with the voice inarticulate harmony.
TL'NEFUL, t&neiffi 1, arlj. Musical, harmonious.
TUNELESS, t&ne^lSs, adj. 462. Unharmonious,
unmusical.
TUNEK, t&'n&r, s. 98. One who tunes.
TuNICK, t&'nlk, 3. Part of the Rjman dress ; cover-
ing, integument, tunicle. — See Drama.
TuNlCLE, t&-n£-kl, s 405. Cover, integument.
TUNNAGE, t&n-nldje, s. 90. Content of a vessel
measured by the tun ; tax laid on a tun, as, to levy
Tunnage and poundage.
TUNNEL, t&ninll, s. 99. The shaft of a chimney,
the passage for the smoke ; a funnel, a pipe by which
liquor is poured into vessels; a net wide at the mouth,
and ending in a point
TUNNY, tfin-n4, s. A sea-fish.
TUP, t&p, 3. A ram.
To TUP, t&p, v. n. To butt like a ram.
TURBAN, t&rib&n, )
TURBANT, t&rlb&nt, C '• 88' ™e co;er worn ^
TURBAND, t&rib&nd, J the ^ °n thelr head8'
TuaBANED, t&rM)&nd, adj. 359. Wearing a turban.
TURBARY, t&ribi-ri, j. The right of digging turf.
TURBID, t&ribld, adj. Thick, muddy, not clear.
TuRBlDNESS, t&ribld-n&s, s. Muddiness, thickness.
TURBINATED, t&ribi-n4-t5d, adj. Twisted, spiral.
TuRBITH, t&r4>]/A, j. Yellow precipitate.
TURBOT, tfirib&t, *. 166. A delicate fish.
TURBULENCE, t&r£>bu>l£nse, )
TURBUI.ENCY, t&rib&-lSn-sc*, ] *' Tumult' con-
fusion ; ttimultuousness, liablencss to confusion.
TURBULENT, t&r-b&-l3nt, adj. Raising agitation,
producing commotion ; exposed to commotion, liable
to agitation ; tumultuous, violent.
TURBUI.F.NTLY, t&ribi-l^nt-l^, ado. Tumultuous-
ly, violently.
TURCISM, tfir-sizm, i. The religion of the Turks.
K5» Mr. Sheridan has most unaccountably pronounced
this word as if written turkismt and with just as much
reason we might say greekism instead of gracism : the latter
is, indeed, a formation from the ancient Latin, and the
former from the modern ; but the analogy of formation
in both h the same, and the pronunciation ought also to
be the same.
TuRD, t&rd, s. A vulgar word for excrement.
TURF, t&rf, $. A clod covered with grass, a part of
the surface )( the ground ; a kind of fuel.
T<J TURF, t&rf, v. a. To cover with turf.
TuRFlNESS, t&rfi<J-n&, ». The state of abounding
with turfs.
TURFY, tirW, adj. Full of turfs.
TURGENT, t&rijSnt, adj. Swelling, protuberant, tumid.
TURGESCENCE, t&r-j2sis3nse, )
TURGESCENCY, t&r-j^S5n-s^, } * 5IO> The act
of swelling, the state of being swollen.
TURGID, t&r-jld, adj. Swelling, -bloated, filling more
room than before; pompous, tumid, fastuous, vainly
magnificent.
TUKGIDITY, t&r-jld^e-te, 5. State of being swollen.
TURKEY, t&r-k<*, *. 27O. A large domestick fowl
brought from Turkey.
TuRKOIS, t&r-k^ze/ s. SOI. A blue stone num-
bered among the meaner precious stones.
TuRKSCAP, t&rks-kip,' s. An herb.
TURM, t&rm, s. A troop.
TURMERICK, t&rim3r-lk, i. An Indian root which
makes a yellow die.
TURMOIL, t&KmoIl, *. 492. Trouble, disturbance,
harassing, uneasiness.
To TURMOIL, t&r-moil,' v. a. To harass with
commotion ; to weary, to keep in unquietness.
To TURN, t&rn, v. a. To put into a circular or
vertiginous motion ; to put the upper side downwards ;
to change with respect to position ; to change the state
of the balance ; to oring the inside out ; to change as to
the posture of the body ; to form, to shape; to trans-
form, to metamorphose, to transmute ; to change, to
alter; to translate; to change to another opinion or
party worse or better, to convert, to pervert ; to make
to nauseate ; to make giddy ; to direct to a certain pur-
pose or propension ; to double in ; to revolve, to agitate
in the mind ; to drive from a perpendicular edge, to
blunt ; to apply ; to reverse, to repeal ; to keep passing
in a course of exchange or traffick ; to retort, to throw
back ; to Turn away, to dismiss from service, to dis-
card ; to Turn back, to return to the hand from which
it was received ; to Turn off; to dismiss contemptuous-
ly ; to deflect ; to Turn over, to transfer ; to Turn to,
to have recourse to ; to be Turned off, to advance to nn
age beyond ; to Turn over, to refer ; to examine one
leaf of the book after another ; to throw off the ladder.
To TURN, t&rn, v. H. To move round, to have a
circular or vertiginous motion; to show regard or anger,
by directing the look towards any thine ; to move the
body round ; to change posture ; to depart from the
way, to deviate ; to alter, to be changed, to be trans-
formed ; to become by a change; to change sides; to
change the mind, conduct, or determination ; to change
to acid; to depend on, as the chief point; to grow
giddy; to have an unexpected consequence or ten-
dency ; to Tuni away, to deviate from a proper course;
to Turn off, to divert one's course.
TURN, t&rn, 5. The act of turning ; meander, wind-
ing way ; a walk to and fro ; change, vicissitude, al-
teration ; change from the original intention or first
appearance; action of kindness or malice; reigning in-
clination ; convenience; the form, cast, shape, manner;
the manner of adjusting the words of a sentence; by
turns, one after another.
TURNCOAT, t&rn-k6te, s. One who forsakes his
party or principles, a renegade.
TURNER, t&rn-&r, s. 98. One whose trade is to turn.
TURNKEY, t&rn-k^, s. One who opens and locks
the doors and keeps the keys of a prison.
TURNING, t&rn-lng, * 4 10. Flexure, winding, me-
ander.
TURNIP, t&rn-ip, «. A white esculent root.
TURNPIKE, t&rnipike, s. A cross of two bars armed
with pikes at the end, and turning on a pin, fixed to
hinder horses from entering ; a gate erected on the
road to collect tolls to defray the expense of repairing
roads.
TURNSOL, t&rnis&k. A plant.
TURNSPIT, t&rn-splt, s. He who anciently turned
a spit, instead of which jacks are now generally useci.
A dog used for this purpose.
TURNSTILE, t&rn^Stile, S. A turnpike ; a cross-
bar turned on a pin to let foot passengers through, and
prevent horses.
TURPENTINE, t&rip€n-thie, s. 149. Thegumexud-
ed by the pine, the juniper, and other trees of that kind.
TURQUOISE, t&r-ke^zc/ s. 301. — See Turkois.
TURPITUDE, t&rip^-tude, s. 463- Essential defor-
mity of words, thoughts, or actions ; inherent vilena*,
badness.
TURRET, t&rir4t, i. 99 A small eminence raisto
above the rest of the building, a little tower.
TWE
537
TWI
nor 167, nit 163 — t61>u 171, tfib 172, bfill 173 — oil 299 — pound 313 — thin 466 — THis 4K9.
TURRETEU, turir£t-ed, adj. Formed like a tower, TWENTIETH, tvr&n-t&-£th, adj. 279. Twice tenth.
rising like a tower. j TWENTY, tw£u£t(*, adj. Twice ten.
A species of dove; the 'fwiCE, twlse, ado. Two times ; doubly ; it is often
405.
TURTLE, tur-tl,
sea tortoise.
TUSCAN, tftsikan, ad). Denoting the rudest of the
five orders of Architecture.
TUSH, tush, inter). An expression of contempt.
TUSK, tusk, s. The longest tooth of a fighting ani-
mal, the fang, the holding tooth.
TUSKED, tus-ked, 366. 1 adj. Furnished with
TusKY, tu^ke, 270. $ tusks.
TUT, tut, iiiterj. A particle noting contempt.
TUTELAGE, tu-te-lage, s. 90. Guardianship, state
of being under a guardian.
TUTELAR, tuiie-lir, 88. ) ,.
„, ./., ,. i > ad). Having the
TUTELARY, tu^te-la-re, \
charge or guardianship of any person or thing, pro-
tecting, defensive, guardian.
TUTOR, tii-tur, i. 1 66 One who has the care of
another's learning and morals.
To TUTOR, til-tar, v. a. To Instruct, to teach, to
document; to treat with superiority or severity.
TUTORAGE, tu-tur-agc>, s. 9O. The authority or
solemnity of a tutor.
TUTORESS, or TUTRESS, ti-t&r-es, or tu-tr£s, s.
Directress, instructress, governess.
J£j" The most general way of writing this word is the
former, but the most analogical is certainly the latter ;
the termination or has a masculine import, and therefore
ought to be dropped in the feminine, as it is in actress,
traitress, suitress, &c.
TUTTY, t&t-te1, s. A sublimate of zink or calamine
collected in the furnace.
Tuz, tuz, s. A lock or tuft of hair. Not in use.
TWAIN, twane, adj. Two.
To TWANG, twang, v. n. To sound with a quick
sharp noise.
TWANG, twang, s. 85. A sharp quick sound ; an
affected modulation of the voice.
TWANGLING, twangillng, adj. Contemptibly noisy.
To TwANK, twangk, v. a. 85. To make to sound.
'TWAS, twoz. Poetically contracted from It was.
To TWATTLE, twSt-tl, V. n. To prate, to gabble,
to chatter.
To TwEAG, or TwEAGUE, tw^g, v. a. The same
as to tweak, but not so authorized a spelling.
TWEAG, or TWEAGUE, tweg, s. A pinch, a
squeeze between the fingers. Tlie same as tweak, but
a different spelling.
To TWEAK, tw<ike, v. a. 227. To pinch, to squeeze
betwixt the fingers.
To TWEEDLE, tw«;£-dl, v. a. 246. To handle
lightly.
j£^» This word seems formed from the sound of cer-
tain soft lengthened notes upon the fiddle, and therefore
very properly used by Addison, in the sense of wheedle,
but with additional propriety and humour ; where he
says, " A fiddler had brought in with him a body of lus-
tv young fellows, whom he had tuieedted into the ser-
vice." The sarcastic couplet of Swift,
" 'Tis strange there should such difference be,
" 'Twixt tri'mlle dim and Imeedlt da,"
seems to confirm the opinion I have ventured to give of
the original formation of this whimsical word.
TWEEZERS, tweeiz&rz, i. 246. Nippers, or small
pincers, to pluck off hairs.
TWELFTH, tw&lft/i, adj. Second after the tenth,
the ordinal of twelve.
TwELFTHTIDE, twelftA-tld, s. 471. The twelfth
day after Christmas.
TWELVE, tw£lv, adj. Two and ten.
TWELVEMONTH, tw6Umatu/j, s. 473. A year,
as consisting of twelve months.
TWELVEPENCE, twelv^pense, *. A shilling.
TWELVEFENNY,twelvip£n-e,<M/;'. Sold for a shilling.
TWELVESCORE, twelv-bkAre,
twenty.
Twelve times
used in composition.
To TwiDLE, twl-dl, V. a. To touch lightly. — Se«
A small shoot of a branch, a switch
)
t
. \
Tweedle.
TWIG, twi
tough and long.
TwiGGEN, twig-gin, adj. 383. Made of twigs.
TWIGGY, twigige, adj. 383. Full of twigs.
TWILIGHT, twl-llte, $. The dubious or famt light
before sunrise and after sunset, obscure light, uncer-
tain view.
TWILIGHT, twi^llte, adj. Not clearly 01 brightly
illuminated, obscure, deeply shaded ; seen by twilight.
TWIN, twin, s. One of two children born at a birth ;
Gemini, the sign of the zodiack.
To TWIN, twin, v. n. To be born at the same
birth, to bring two at once ; to be paired, to be suited.
TwiNBORN, twin-born, adj. Born at the same
birth.
To TwiNE, twine, v. a. To twist or complicate so as
to unite or form one body or substance out of two or
more ; to unite itself.
To TwiNE. twine, v. n. To convolve itself, to wrap
itself closely about; to unite by interposition of parts ;
to wind, to make flexures.
TwiNE, twine, s. A twisted thread ; twist, convo-
lution ; embrace, act of convolving itself round.
To TWINGE, twlnje, v. a. To torment with sud-
den arid short pain ; to pinch, to tweak.
TWINGE, twlnje, s. Short, sudden, sharp pain ; a
tweak, a pinch.
TwiNK, twlngk, S. The motion of an eye, a mo-
ment. — See Twinkle.
To TWINKLE, twlngk^kl, v. n. 405. To sparkle,
to flash irregularly, to quiver ; to open and shut the
eye by turns ; to play irregularly.
TWINKLE, twlngk-kl, 405.
™ i MI Am
TWINKLING, twlngk-llng, 410.
intermitting light, a motion of the eye ; a short space,
such as is taken up by a motion of the eye.
TwiNLING, twin-ling, s 410. A twin lamb, a
lamb of two brought at a birth.
TwiNNER, twin-nur, s. 98. A breeder of twins.
To TWIRL, tw£rl, v. a. 108. To turn round, or
move by a quick rotation.
TWIRL, twerl, s. notation, circular motion ; twist,
convolution.
To TwiST, twist, v. a. To form by complication,
to form by convolution ; to contort, to writhe ; to
wreathe, to wind, to encircle by something round a-
bout ; to unite by intertexture of parts ; to unite, to
insinuate.
To TwiST, twist, v. n. To be contorted, to be
convolved.
TwiST, twist, s. Any thing made by convolution,
or winding two bodies together ; a single string of a
cord; a cord, a string; contortion, writhe; the man-
ner of twisting.
TwiSTEB, twist-fir, s. 98. One who twists, a rope-
maker.
To TWIT, twit, v. a. To sneer, to flout, to reproach.
To TWITCH, twitsh, v. a. To pluck with a quick
motion, to snatch.
TwiTCH, twitsh, s. A quick pull ; a painful con.
traction of the fibres.
TwiTCHGRASS, twltsliigriVs, s. A plant.
To TWITTER, twit-t&r, v. n. To make a sharp
tremulous intermitted noise; to be suddenly movei!
with any inclination.
TWITTER, twlt-t&r, s. 98. Any motion or diwmiet
of passion.
TwiTTINGLY, twltitlng-li, adv. With reproach ;
so as to upbraid.
TwiTTLETWATTLE, twlt-tl-twit-tl, s. Tattle, g..U-
blu, A cant word.
UBE
533
|5- 559. Fate 7:i, tar 77, fill 83, fat 81 — me 93
'TwiXT, twlkst. A poetical contraction of Betwixt.
Two, tA5; adj. 10. One and one.
TwOEDGED. toiWdjd, adj. 359. Having an edge
on either sislc.
TWOFOLD. toi^fAld, adj. Double.
TWOHANDED. tii-hand &1, adj. That employs
both hands; Urge, bulky, enormous of magnitude.
TWOPENCE, tftpip^nse, s. A small coin. — See
Halfpenny.
To TYE, tl, v. a. To bind. — See Tie.
TYE, ti, «. A knot, a bond or obligation See Tie.
TYGER, tl%ur, *. 98. — See Tiger.
TYKE, tike. s. A dog, or one as contemptible as a dog.
TYMBAL, tlm-bal, s. 88. A kind of kettle-drum.
TYMPAN, tlm-pAn, s. A drum ; a timbrel ; the
frame belonging to the printing-press, covered with
parchment, on which the sheets are laid to be printed ;
the pannel of a pillar or door.
TYMPANUM, timipa-nim, *. A drum, a part of
the ear.
TyMPANY, tlm'pa-ni, *. A kind of obstructed
flatulence that swells the body l:ke a drum.
TYNY, t\-n&, adj. Very small.
TYPE, tlpe, j. Emblem, mark of something ; that by
which something future is prefigured ; a stamp, a mark ;
a printing letter.
TYPICK, tlpilk, 508. 7 ..
T> *l tJL i 11 rnn c at±). Emblematical,
1 YPICAL, tipie-kal, 509. }
figurative of something else.
TYPICALLY, tlp'-4 kal-4, adv. In a typical manner.
TYPICALNESS, dp£e>kal-n&>, *. The state of be-
ing typical.
To TYPIFY, tlpy.fl, v. a. 183. To figure, to show
in emblem.
TYPOCOSMY, dpiA-kiz-m£, s. A representation of
the world.
TYPOGRAPHER, tl-p&g-graf-&r, s. 187. A printer.
TYPOGRAPHICAL, tlp-6-graW-kal, adj. 533. Em-
blematical, figurative ; belonging to the printer's art
TYPOGRAPHICALLY, tlp-A-graW-kal-^, adv. Em-
blematically, figuratively; after the manner of printers.
TYPOGRAPHY, tl-pdg£graf-£, *. 187. 518. Em-
blematical, figurative, or hieroglyphical representation;
the art of printing.
TYRAN, ti-rin, *. A tyrant Obsolete.
TVRANNESS, tlrira n£s, s 535. A she tyrant.
TYRANNICAL, tl-ranini-kal, 7 .
TYRANNICK, tl-raninlk, 187. \ J' Suit"18atv-
rant, acting like a tyrant, cruel, despotick, imperious.
TYRANNICALLY, tl-ranini-kal-e, adv. In man-
ner of a tyrant.
TYRANNICIDE, tl-ran'n(Ulde, *. 1 43. The act of
killing a tyrant,
To TYRANNISE, tlririn-lze, v. n. To play the ty-
rant, to act with rigour and imperiousness.
TYRANNOUS, tirir4n-us, adj. 503. Tyrannical,
despotick, arbitrary, severe.
TYRANNY, tiririn-e:, *. 503. Absolute monarchy
imperiously administered ; unresisted and cruel power;
cruel government, rigorous command ; severity, ri-
gour. Inclemency.
TYRANT, tl-rant, *. 544. An absolute monarch
governing imperiously j a cruel, despotick, and severe
master.
TYHE, tire, i.— Sec Tire.
TYRO, tlirA, *. 544. One yet not mafter of his art,
one in his rud. meats.
UBERTY, yui
S. Abundance, fruitful-
UMP
5 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m5ve 16<,
UBIETY, yfi-bW-ti, s. Local relation, wherenoj.
UfilQL'lTARY, yu-blkiwi-tA-re, adj. Existing c-
very where.
UBIQUITY, y(t-blk-w£ t^, s. Omnipresence, exist-
ence at the same time in all places.
UDDER, fidM&r, s. 98. The breast or dugs of a
cow, or other large animal.
UGLILY, &g-l<M4, adu. Filthily, with deformity.
UGLINESS, figUi-n£s, *. Deformity, contrariety to
beauty ; turpitude, loathsomeness, moral depravity.
UGLY, fig-le, adj. Deformed, offen»ive to the sight,
contrary to beautiful.
ULCER, fil-s&r, s. 98. A sore of continuance, not
a new wound.
To ULCERATE, &l-s&r-ate, v. a. To disease with
sores.
ULCEBATION, &l-sur-a-s!iun, *. The act of break-
ing into ulcers ; ulcer, sore.
ULCEROUS, &l-slr-frs. adj. 555. Afflicted with sorc«.
ULCEROUSNESS, &l-s,&r-£is-n£s, s. The state of be-
ing ulcerous.
ULCERED, tll-s&rd, adj. 359- Grown by time from
a hurt to an ulcer.
ULIGINOUS, fi-lld-jin-frs, adj. Slimy, mixldy.
ULTIMATE, iUttUnit, adj. 91. Intended iii the
last resort.
ULTIMATELY, &Ut<i-mat-l^, ado. In the last
consequence.
ULT1MITY, il-tlm^-t^, s. The last stage, the Just
consequence.
ULTRAMARINE, 61-tra-mi-rWn,' *. 112. One of
the noblest blue colours used in painting, produced by
calcination from the stone called lapu lazuli.
ULTRAMARINE, il-tri-ml-r^n,' adj. 112. Be-
ing beyond the sea, foreign.
ULTRAMONTANE, il-tri-m&n-tane, adj. Being
beyond the mountains.
ULTRAMUNDANE, fil-tri-min^dane, adj. Being
beyond the world.
UMBEL, &mib£l, s. In Botany, the extremity of a
stalk or branch divided into several pediments or rays,
beginning from the same point, and opening so as" to
form an inverted cone.
UMBELLATED, umib£l-la-ted, adj. in Botany,
is said of flowers when many of them grow together in
umbels.
UMBELLIFEROUS, &m b£l-llf!.f£r-us, adj. 518.
Used of plants that bear many flowers, growing upon
many footstalks.
UMBER, fim-b&r, j. 98. A colour ; a fish. The umber
and grayling differ in nothing but their names.
UMBERED, &mib&rd, adj. 359. Shaded, clouded.
UMBILICAL, um-bil^-kil, adj. Belonging to th«
navel.
UMBLES. fim-blz, s. 405. A deer's entrails.
UMBO, frm-l>6, s. The point or prominent part of a
buckler.
UMBRAGE, fim^brldje, «. 90. Shade, screen of tree- ;
shadow, appearance ; resentment, offence, suspicion of
injury.
UMBRAGEOUS, fim-braije us, adj. Shady, yield
ir.g shade.
UMBRAGEOUSNESS, um-bra-j«-&s-n£s, *. Shadi-
ness.
UMBRATILE, fimibra-tll, adj. 145. Being in the
shade.
UMBBELL, &m-br£l, 7 s. A screen used in
UMBRELLA, fim-br^Ula, \ hot countries to kci-p
off the sun, and in others to bear off the rain.
UMBROSITY, Om-Dr6s^-t£, *. Shadiness, exclu-
sion of light.
UMFIRAGE, ftm^p^-rldje, ». 90. Arbitration, friend
ly decision of a controversy.
UMPIRE, umipire, i. 14O. An arbitrator, one who,
as a common friend, decides disputes.
JSZj* This word, says Johnson, 3'imhew. with g» --nt ap-
UNA
539
UNA
n3r Ifi7. nit lb'3 — tube 171, tfib 172, bull 173 — 611 299 — piS&nd 313 — tfi'tn -166 — THIS 4f>9.
plause from Skinner, derives from un pert, in French, a
father. Hut whatever may be its derivation, one should
think , in pronunciation, it ought to class with empire ; and
yet we find our orthoepists considerably divided in the
sound of the last syllable of both these words.
Empire. — Dr. Kenrlck, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, and Mr.
Perry, rhyme it with Jire s but Mr. Sheridan
and Buchanan, with the first of pyr-a-mid.
Umpire. — Mr. Sheridan and W. Johnston rhyme it with
Jire ; but Mr. Perry, Mr. Scott, and Buchanan,
with/ear; and Dr. Kemiek, with the first of
pj/1 -it-mid.
Amidst this variety and inconsistency we find a prepon-
derancy to the long sound of i, as iajire; and this, in ray
opinion, is the most eligible.
Rampire and Vampyre follow the same analogy ; and
satire and samphire may be looked on as irregular.
UN, fill. A negative particle much used in composi-
tion. It is placed almost at will before adjectives and
adverbs.
J(^» Mr. Mason has very justly observed, that " one
uniform effect is not always created by un prefixed. Thus
the word uncxprcssive (as used by both Shakespeare and
Milton) is not barely made negative by the composition,
but is also changed from active to passive." To these ob-
servations we may add, that Shakespeare's and Milton's
use of urtxpressive for ^inexpressible or inexpressible, is
very licentious, and ought not to be followed. The Latin
preposition in, and the English un, are sufficiently am-
biguous without such unmeaning licenses, which were in-
troduced when the language was less studied, and perhaps
merely to help out a hobbling line in poetry. The Latin
preposition in is.negative in insensible, and what is direct-
ly opposite to it,' is intensive in inflammatory. The Eng-
lish preposition un is privative in untried ; and if I may
be allowed the word, retroactive in to undo; a stick which
has been bent, may, when made straight, be said to be un-
bent ; but if it was previously straight, we cannot so pro-
perly say it is unbent, as that it is not bent. — See Un-
principled.
UNABASHED, in-a-basht/ adj. 359. Not shamed,
not confused by modesty.
UNABLE, fin-aMjl, adj. 405. Not having ability ;
weak, impotent.
UNABOLISHED, fin-a-b61-Isht, adj. Not repealed,
remaining in force.
UNACCEPTABLE, fin-ak-s£p-ta-bl, adj. Not pleas-
ing, not such as is well received.
UNACCEPTABLENESS, fin-ak£s5p-ta-bl-n£s, *.
Stole of not pleasing — See Acceptable.
UNACCESSIBLENESS, fin-ak-s£s-s£-bl-n3s, j.
State of not being to be attained or approached.
UNACCOMMODATED, fin-ak-kAm-mA-da-t&l, adj.
unfurnished with external convenience.
UNACCOMPANIED, fin-ak-kfimipa-nld, adj. 283.
Not attended.
UNACCOMPLISHED, fin-ak-k6mipllsht, adj. 359.
unfinished, incomplete.
UNACCOUNTABLE, &n-ak-k3un-ta-bl, adj. 405.
Not explicable, not to be solved by reason; not reduci-
ble to rule; not subject, not controlled.
UNACCOUNTABLY, fin-ak-koim'ta-bl£, adv.
Strangely.
UNACCURATE, fin-ik-ku-rat, adj. 91. Not exact :
properly Inaccurate.
UNACCUSTOMED, un-ak-kfisitfimd, adj. Not used,
not habituated ; new, not usual.
UNACKNOWLEDGED, fin-ak-n61-lldjd, adj. 328.
5/59. Not owned.
UNACGUAINTANCE, &n-ak-kwan-tanse, j. Want
of familiarity.
UNACQUAINTED, fin-ak-kwAn-t£d, ailj. Nut
known, unusual, not familiarly known ; not having fa-
miliar knowledge.
UNACTIVE, fin-akitlv, adj. Not brisk, not lively ;
having no employment ; not busy, not diligent ; hav-
ing no efficacy ; more properly inactive.
UNADMIRED, fin-ad-rnlrd,' adj. 359. Not regard-
ed with honour.
UNADORED, in-a-dArd,' adj. 359 Not wor«hip|«d.
UNADVISED, fin-ad-vlzd,' adj. 359. Imprudent,
indiscreet; done without due thought, rash.
UNADULTERATED, fin-a-dul-tar-a-ukl, adj. 359.
Genuine; not counterfeit- having no base mixture.
UNAFFECTED, fin-af f£k-t£d, adj. Real, not h>|>o.
critical ; free from affectation ; open, candid, siiarroj
not formed by too rigid observation of rules; not mov-
ed ; not touched.
UNAFFECTING, un-af-fekitlng, adj. 410. Not
pathetick, not moving the passions.
UNAIDED, fin-a-dtld, adj. Not assisted, not helped.
UNALIENABLE, fin ak'-y£n-a-bl, adj. 113. Nat
alienable, not transferable.
UNALLIED, &n-al-lld,' adj. 283. Having no pow.-r-
ful relation ; having no common nature, notcongeniii).
UNALTERABLE, fin-al-t&r-a-bl, adj. Incapable of
being altered.
UNANIMOUS, y& nan^-m&s, adj. Being of one
mind, agreeing in design or opinion.
UNANOINTED, &n-a-noln-t£d, adj. Not anointed ;
not prepared for death by extreme unction.
UNANSWERABLE, un-an-sfir-a bl, adj. Not to be
refuted.
UNANSWERED, fin-anisfird, adj. Not opixiscd by
a reply; not confuted ; not suitably returned.
UNAPPALLED, fin-ap-pawld/ adj. Not daunted,
not impressed by fear.
UNAPPEASABLE, fin-ap-p^za-bl, adj. Not to be
pacified, implacable.
UNAPPREHENSIVE, fin-Ap-pr£ h&>i>>iv, ndj Nut
intelligent, not ready of conception ; not suspecting.
UNAPPROACHED, un-ap-pr6tsh-£d, adj. 359.
Inaccessible.
UNAPPROVED, &n-ap-pr56vd/ adj. 359. Not
approved.
UNAPT, fin-apt,' adj. Dull, not apprehensive j not
ready, not propense ; unfit, not qualified; improper,
unfit, unsuitable.
UNAPTNESS, fin-apt-n£s, s. Unfitness, unsuitable-
ness, dulness, want of apprehension ; unreadiness, dis-
qualification, want of propension.
UNARGUED, fin-ar-gfide, adj. 359. Not disputed;
not censured.
UNARMED, fin-armd^ 359. adj. Having no armour,
having no weapons.
UNARTFUL, fin art-fill, adj. Having no ait or
cunning ; wanting skill.
UNASKED, fin-askt/ ailj. 359. Not sought by so-
licitation.
UNASPIRING, fin-as-pi-rlng. adj. Nut ambitious.
UNASSAILED, fin-ls-sald/ adj. Not attacked, nut
assaulted.
UNASSISTED, fin-as-s1sit£d, adj. Not helped.
UNASSISTING, fin-ls-sls-tlng, adj. Giving no help.
UNASSURED, fin-ash- fird/ adj 359. Not confi-
dent ; not to be trusted.
UNATTAINABLE, fin-at-ta-na-bl, adj. Not to be
gained or obtained, being out of reach.
UNATTAINABLENF.SS, fin-at-taini-bl-n^s, s.
State of being out of reach.
UNATTEMJTED, fin-at-t£inp-t£d, adj. Untried,
not essayed.
UNATTENDED, fin-at t£n£d£d, adj. Havirg no
retinue or attendants.
UNAVAILABLE, fin-a-va-la-bl, adj. useless, vain
with respect to any purpose.
UN A VAILING, fin-a-va-llng, ad). 410. Useless, vain.
UNAVOIDABLE, fin-a-vold-a-bl, adj. Inevitable,
not to l>e shunned.
UNA VOIDED, fin-a-v31di£d, adj. Inevitable.
UNAUTHORIZED, fin-aw-jAftr-lzd, adj. Not sup-
ported by authority, not properly commissioned.
UNAWARE, fin-a-ware/ 524. ) adv. Without pre-
UNAWARES, ftn-a-wArz^ J vious meditation ;
unexpectedly, when it is not thought of, suddenly.
J£5» These words, like some others, are sometimes ac-
centud on the first syllable, and sometimes on the last, as
the rhythm of the sentence seems to require. — Sec Com-
modore.
UNAWED, fin-awd/ atlj. 359. Unrestrained by fear
or reverence.
UNB 540
5.19- Fati 7:5, fAr 77. ft! I 8:1, t?it 81 — me1 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin IO7 — no 162, inive 154,
UNBACKED, nn bAkt,' atlj. 359. Not tamed, not
taught to bear the rider : not countenanced ; IKK aided
To UNBAR, nn-hir/ ft. a. To open by mooring
the bars : to unbolt.
UNBARBED, 5n-bArW,' a<lj. Not siuvcn.
UNBATTERED, un-butiturd, a<lj. Not injured by
blow*.
UNBEATEN, ftn-bikii, adj. Not treated with blows ;
not trodden.
UNBECOMING, &n-be-kum3ng, adj. Indecent,
unsuitable, indecorous.
7'i UNBED, un-lx-d,' p. n. To raise from a bcJ-
UNBEFITTING, un-bo-fltUing, adj. Nm bccom-
inp, not suitable.
UNBEGOT, in-lnJ-git/ 7 fl ,.
UNBEGOTTEN, ftn-Ije-gititn, j
without generation : not yet gcucratciL
UNBFUEF, in-bi-USef/ *. Incredulity ; infidelity,
irrcligion.
T> UNBELIEVE, fin-btf-lWv,' r. a. To discredit,
not to trust : not to think real or true.
UNBELIEVER, tin-lie- leev^&r, *. An infidel, one
who believes not the scripture of God-
UNBENDING, &n-bvniding, adj. 41O. Not suf-
fering flexure ; devoted to relaxation.
UNBKNEVOLENT, un-be-ncv-vo-lOnt, adj. Not
kind.
UNBENEFICED, nn-b£n-n4-flit, adj. Not prefer-
red to a benefice.
UN BENIGHTED, in-W-nltei&l, adj. Ncrer visited
by darkness.
UN BENIGN, un-bo-illne,' adj. Malignant, malevo-
lent.
UNBENT, fin-bent,' adj. Not strained by the string ;
hat ing the bnw unstrung; not crushed, not subdued ;
reLixed, not intent.
UNBESEEMING, iin-bc-swJin-lng, adj. Unbecom-
ing.
UNBESOUGHT, an-be-sawt,' cdj. Not entreated.
UNBF.WAILKU, t'ln-be-wald,' adj. Not lamented.
T.I UNBIAS, un-bi^4s, 0. a. To free from any cx-
ternal motive, to ducuUnglc from prejudice.
UNBID,
UNBIDDEN,
UNBIGOTED,
try.
in-lild,' ? adj. Uninvited,
N, un-bliUdn, 5 niandcd ; sponl
S[xxitancous.
, adj. Free from bigo-
UNBOOKISH, un-book-lsli, adj. Not studious of
books, not cultivated by crmlition.
UNUOKN, Cm-born,' adj Not yet brought into life,
future.
UNUOKKOWED, ftn-bor-roJe, adj. Genuine, r.a.
live, one's own.
UNBOTTOMED, &n-b5titumil, adj. Without bot-
tom, bottomless; having no solid fuund.ilion.
TV UNBOSOM, &n-b&z-am, v. a. 169. To reveal
in cimfiilcncc: to open, to disclose. — Sec liusom.
UNSOUGHT, 5n-bnwt,' adj. Obtained without mo-
ney ; not finding any purchaser.
UNBOUND, fin-bound.' adj. Loose, not tied ; u-an:.
ing a cover; preterit of Unbind.
UNBOUNDED, im-boundnkl, adj. Unlimited, un-
restrained.
UNBOUNDEDLY, un-bound^ed-Ie, adv. Without
bounds, without limits.
UNBOUNDEDNESS, uii-boundiod-ncs, s. Exen-.ii-
tion from limits.
UNBOWED, un-bode,' adj. Not bent.
Ta UNBOWEL, &n-boWI, r. a. To exentcrate,
to cvKccratc.
To UNBRACE, ftn-brase,' v. a To loose, to relax -t
to make the clothes loose.
UNBREATHED, un-breTHd,' adj. Not cxeicUed.
UNBRED, Cni-bnkl/ adj. Not instructed in civility
ill educitcd, not taught.
UNBREECHLD, un-briuht; adj. 359. Hating no
breeches.
UNUUIBKD, &n-brlb<l^ adj. Not iufiurnccd by mo-
UNBRIDLED, fjn-bri^lld, adj. 359. Liccntiou>, not
UN BROKE, un-brAke/
UNBROKEN,
subiluctl, not weakened ; not tamed.
UNBROTHERLIKE,
UNBROTHERLY,
suiting with the character of a brollicr.
Not violated , not
U
UNBUCKLE, &n-b&kikl, v. a. To loose from-
buckles.
To UNBUILD, un-blld,' v. a. To raze, to dotruy.
UNBUILT, un-bilt,' adj. Not yet erected.
UN BUR I ED, un-b<Jr-rid, adj. 282. Not interred.
not honoured with the rites ol funcial.
//'. 359. Not constini-
UNBURNED, tin burud,'
UNBURNT, un-bnmt,'
etl, not wasted, not injured by fire, not healed with fire.
UNBURNING, Gn-b&rn-ing, adj. Not consuming
bv heat.
Dr. Johnson and Mr. Sheridan spell this word
with double t, though the simple l,igoicd has but one.
This certainly K an inconsistency which no authority can
Justify. — See Bufjial.
To UNBIND, On-bind,' r. n. To loose, to untie.
T» UNBISHOP, uu-bish-cip, e. a. To deprive of i
episcopal orders. I To U.NBURTHEN, 6n-bnriTHen, r. a. To rid of
UNBITTED, un-bitUcd, adj. Unbridled, unrc- a l.oad; to throw "^ lo '"sc1050 »njt "« "«vy ou the
mind.
To UNBUTTON, un-but-tn, r. a. To loose any
thing buttoned.
UNCALCINED, Cin-kal^shid, adj. Free from ca!
cinalion.
UNCALLED, ?m-k:iw Id,' adj. Not summoned, not
sent for, not demande<l.
UNCANCELLED, un-kan-sild, adj. 99.
not abrogated.
UNCANONICAL, &n-ki-iion^-k?il, ut§. Not agree-
able to the canons.
UNCAPABLE, un-ki-pa-bl, adj. Not cajublc, not
suscc])tiblr ; more pro|«rly jMca/xilJe.
UNCARNATE, 6n-klrinitf adj. 91. Not floi.h ;
more pro|icrl\ Imamale.
To UNCASE, &n-kibC,' v. a. To disengage from
any covering ; to Bay,
Not disgraced,
UNBLAMABLE, an-blaimi-bl, adj. Not culpable.
UNBLEMISHED, un-blt-in-klit, adj. Free from
turfiitudc, free from reproach.
UNBLENCHED, im-bleiiaht/ adj.
not injured by any soiL
U.VBLLST, un-bl^st,' adj. Accur>ed, excluded from
benediction ; wretched, unhappy.
UNBIXX>DIED, un-bludiid, adj. 282. 1O4. Not
suiucd with Mood.
UNBLOWN, un-blonc," adj. Having the bud yet
uiK-xpandoL
U.NBLfXTED, nil-blunted, atlj. Not becoming
olKUSC.
UNBODIED, un-liod-ld. adj. 282. Inconorcal,
immaterUI ; freed from the body.
To UNBOLT, un-bolt,' p. a. To set open, to unbar.
IT _ ._
'
CoarsC'
UNCAUGHT, fin-kauri,' adj.
i UNCAUSED, un-kawzd,' atlj.
'NCA
IH
caught.
UNO 541 UNC
n5r 167, nit 163— tiibe 171, tab 172, b&ll 173 — 5Ii 299— pofind SH — thin 4<S6— THii 4
UNCERTAIN, &n-s£rit!n, adj. 2O8. Doubtful, not UNCLEANSED, fcn-klSnzd,' adj. Not cleansed.
orra.nly known; doubtful, riot having certain know- f0 U'NCLFW, fin-kit,' v. a. To undo.
ledge, not sure in the consequence; unsettled, unre-
eiiliir.
UNCERTAINTY, un-s£r-tln-t£, *.
Dubiousness,
want of knowledge ; contingency, want of certainty ;
something unknown.
To UNCHAIN, un-tshane/ v. a. To free from chains.
UNCHANGEABLE, in-tshan-ja-bl, adj. Immutable.
UNCHANGED, fin-tshanjd/ adj. b59. Not alter-
ed ; not alterable.
UNCHANGEABLENESS, &n-tshanija-bl-n&>, «. Im-
mutability.
UNCHANGEABLY, fin-tsban-ja-bli, adv. Immu-
tably, without change.
UNCHANGING, in-tshan'jing, adj. Suffering no
alteration.
To UNCHARGE, ftn-tshirjr/ v. a. To retract an
accusation.
UNCHARITABLE, &n-tshar^£-ta-bl, adj. contrary
to charity, contrary to the universal love prescribed by
Christianity.
UNCHARITABLENESS, fin-tshar^-ta- bl-n£s, *.
Want of charity.
UNCHARITABLY, fin-tshSri^-ti-blti, adv. In a
manner contrary to charity.
UNCHARY, un-tsha-r^, adj. Not wary, not cautious.
UNCHASTE, &n-tshaste,' adj.
not continent.
Lewd, libidinous,
UNCHASTITY, un-tshas^td-t^, *. 53O. Lewdness,
incontinence.
UNCHEEBFULNESS, &n-tsb£riful-n£s, s. Melan-
choly, gloominess of temj>er. — See Cliecrful.
UNCHECKED, frn-tshekt,' adj. 359. Unrestrained.
U'NCHEWED, fin-tshftde,' adj 359. Not masticated.
To UNCHILD, &n-tshlld,'
children.
v. a. To deprive of
UNCHRISTIAN, fin-krW-tshAn, adj- 464. Contrary
to the laws of Christianity ; unconverted, infidcU
UNCHRISTIAN-NESS, un-krls-ubaa-i)£s, jr. Con-
trariety to Christianity.
UNCIAL, &n-s!>al, adj. Belonging to letters of a largi
size anciently used in inscriptions. Capital letters.
UNCIRCUMCISED, tin s^r-kCltu-sizd,' adj. Not cir-
cumcised, not a Jew.
UNCIRCUMCISION, fin-s£r-kum-slzh-un, *. O-
mission of circumcision.
UNCIRCUMSCR'BED, fin-s^r-k&m-skribd,' adj
Unbounded, unlimited.
UNCIRCI'MSFECT, &n-s£rikam-sp£kt, adj. No
cautious, not vigilant.
UN-CIRCUMSTANTIAL, &n.s£r-k&m-staiAhil, adj
Unimportant.
UNCIVIL, &n-sivt11,.0rf/. Unpolite, not agreeable!
rules of elegance or eotoitlaisance.
UNCIVILLY, &n-d»-il-e, adv. Unpoiitely, not com-
plaisantly.
UNCIVILIZED, fin-si v-Il-lzd, adj. Not reclaimed
from barbarity ; coarse, indecent.
UNCLARIFIED', &n-klAi^-tid^-, adj. 282. Not
purged, not purified.
To UNCLASP, fin-klasp/ v. a. To open what is
shut wi h c asps.
UNCLASSICK, On-klas^slk, adj. Not classick.
UNCLE. SiigMcl, i. 405. 408. The father or mo-
ther's brother.
UNCLEAN, fin-kl£ne£ adj. Foul, dirty; filthy;
not purified by ritual practices; foul with sin; lewd,
unchaste.
UNCLEA.XLINESS, &n-kl£n-14-n£s, *. Want of
cleanliness.
UNCLEANLY, fin-kl5n-li, adj. Foul, filthy, nasty ;
indecent, unchaste.
UNCLEANNESS, On-klthie^nls, s. Lewdness, in-
continence: want of cleanliness, Hastiness; sin, wick-
want of ritual purity.
To UNCLENCH, &n-kl£nsh,' v. a. To open the
closed hand.
UN-CLIPPED, fin-kllpt,' adj. 359. Whole, not cut.
To UNCLOATH, fin-klt>THe,' v. a. To strip, to
make naked.
£•=> As Dr. Johnson has written the positive of thi»
word* Clothe, he ought certainly to have written the nega-
i-e Cncloihe.
b UNCLOG, Jln-kl&g,' v. «. To disencumber, to
exonerate ; to set at liberty.
To UN CLOISTER, fin-klolsit&r, v. n. To set it
laree.
ro UNCLOSE, nn-kloze/ v. a. To open.
JNCLOSED, fin-klizd,' adj. Not separated by en-
closures.
JNCLOI'DED, un-klou^ed, adj. Free from clouds,
clear from obscurity, not darkened.
JNCWOUDEDSESS, 6n-klou^6d-n^s, s. Open-
ne«, freedom from gloom.
JNCLOUDY, &n-klouM^, adj. Free from a cloud.
To UNCLUTCH, &n-klotsh,' v. a. To open.
To UNCOIF, &n-kwo!f,' v. a. To pull the cap oft
—See To Quoit.
To UNCOIL, &n-koll,' v. a. To open from being
coiled or wrapped one part upon another.
UNCOINED, fin-kolnd,' adj. S59. Not coined.
UNCOLLECTED, fin-kol l£k't£d, adj. Not collect-
ed, not recollected.
UNCOLOURED, fin-k5l-lord, adj. Not stained with
any colour or die.
UNCOMBED, fin-kimd,' adj. 359. Not parted or
adjusted by the comb.
UNCOMEATABLE, fin-kum-St-a-bl, adj. Inacces-
sible, unattainable. A lo>» word.
UNCOMELINESS, &n-kum4^-n^s, «. Want of grace.
want of beauty.
UNCOMELY, an-kim-14, adj. Not comely, want-
ing grace.
UNCOMFORTABLE, &n-k&m'f&r-tA-bl, adj. Af-
fording no comfort, gloomy, djsmal, miserable; receiv-
ing no comfort, melancholy.
UN-COMFORTABLENESS, &n-k&mif&r-ta bl-nfe, t.
Want of cheerfulness.
UNCOMFORTABLY, fin-k&mifQr-ti-bl^, adv.
Without cheerfulness.
UNCOMMANDED, &n-k6m-manided, adj. 79-
Not commanded.
UNCOMMON, fin-kom-mun, adj. Not frequent,
not often found or known.
UNCOMMONNESS, &n-k6mim&n-n£s, *. Infre-
qucncy.
UNCOMPACT, fin-kim-pakt/ adj. Not compact,
not closely cohering.
UNCOMMUNICATED, un-kim-miini-ka-t^d, adj.
Not communicated.
UNCOMPANIED. fin-k&m-pa-nld, adj- 104. Hav-
ing no companion.
UNCOMPELLED, in-kim-p^lld/ adj. Free from
compulsion.
UN-COMPLETE, &n-k5m-pl^te,' adj. Not finished ,
properly Incomplete.
UNCOMPObNDED, fin-k5m-poun<Wd, adj. Sim-
ple, not mixed ; simple, not intricate.
UNCOMPRESSED, un-k&m-pre^t,' adj. 1O4. Free
from compression.
UN-COMPREHENSIVE, &n-k6m-pr«*-h£nMv, adj.
Unable to comprehend ; in Shakespeare it teems to sig-
nify Incomprehensible.
UNCONCEIVABLE, &n-kSn-s£-va-bl, adj. Not to
be understood, not be comprehended by the mind,
UNCONCEIVABLENESS, un-k&n-s^-va-bl-nijs, t.
1 ncomprehensibility.
UNCONCEIVED, fin-kin-s^vd,' adj. 14O. Not
thouglit, not imagined.
3 G
UNC
559. Fitc 73, fir 77, Kill 83, fit 81-
542 UND
ni 93, m£t 95— pine 1O5, pin 107— nA 162, mSve 164,
of interest in
perturbation.
UNCONCERN, fin-k&n-sJrn,' ». Negligence, want
freedom from anxiety, freedom frojn
UNCONCERNED, tin k&n. sJrnd,' adi- 104. Having
not anxious, not disturbed, not affected
, fiM-kt>n-s£rin£d-14, at/u. 354.
Without interest or affection.
UNCONCEHNEDXESS, fin-k5n-s3rnd-n6s, ». Free-
dom from anxiety.
UNCONCKRNING, &n-k&n-s£rinlng, adj. Not in-
teresting, not affecting.
UNCONCF.RNMENT, fin-kdn-sernimSnt, j. The
state of having no share.
UNCONCLUDENT, &.i-k--, ~
USCONCLUUING, fin-kftn-klWlng, 5
decisive, inferring no plain or certain conclusion.
UNCONCLUDIXGNESS. on-k5n-kl&idlng-n5s, *.
Quality of beiiif! unconcluding.
UNCONQUERABLE, fin-k&ngikfir-a bl, adj. 415.
Incapable of being conquered.
UNCOUNSELI.AELE, &n-k<5iin-seUla-bl, atlj. Not
to be 8'1 vised.
UNCOUNTABLE, fin kouniti-bl, adj. Innumerable.
UNCOUNTERFEIT, fm-kotn-t^r-flt, adj. Genuine,
not spurious.
To UNCOUPLE, &n-kfip-pl, v. a. To loote dogs from
their couples.
UNCOURTF.OUS, &n-k&r-ts!:£-fis, adj. Uncivil, un-
polite.
USCOURTI.INESS, fin kortM<*-l)5s, 5. Unsuitable-
ness of manners to a court.
UNCOURTI.Y, 6n-k6rt-l^, ailj. Inelegant of man-
ners, uncivil.
UNCOUTH, &n-koi<A,' adj. 315. Odd, strange, un-
usual.
To L'XCREATE. fin-kr^-ate/ v. a. To annihilate, to
reduce to nothing, to deprive of existence.
UNCREATED, fin-kr£-a-t£d, adj. Not yet created ;
not produced by creation.
UNCREUITABLF.NESS, un-kr&W-tA-bl-n£s, s.
Want of reputation.
UNCROPPED, &n-kr5pt,' adj. 359. Not cropped,
not gathered.
UNCROSSED, fin-kr&bt,' adj. 359. Uncancelled.
L'SCUOWDED, &n-ki6uM<y, atlj. Not straitened by
want of room.
To UNCROWN, fin-kroun,' t>. a. To deprive of a
crown ; to deprive of sovereignty.
UNCTION, fingk^shfin, 5 -108. The act of anoint-
ing; unguent, ointment; the act of anointing medi-
cally: any thing softening or lenitive; the rite of a-
nointing in the last hours ; any thing that excites piety
and devotion
UNCTUOSITY, fing-tsh&.&s^-ti, *. Fatness, oiliness.
UNCTUOUS, &;ig-tsh{»- is, adj. 408. Fat, clammy,
oily.
J^- This word is as frequently mispronounced as tump-
tuoia and presumptuous, and for the same reason. We
arc apt to
,<t this termination with rout and ious,
and to pronounce the word as if written ungfihus, with-
out attending to the » after the/, which makes so great
a difference in the sound of this word and its compounds.
UNCTUOUSNESS, ungk-tslii-as-nib, s. Fatness,
oiliness, clamminess, greasiness.
U SCULLED, in-kOhl,' tulj. Not gathered.
Uscri.PABLK, &n-kfil-pA-l)l, adj. Not blameable.
UNCULTIVATED, &n-k(ilite-va-t£d, adj. Not cul-
tivated, not in, proved by tillage; not instructed, not
riMlitttl.
UNCU.MBERED, in-kimibfird, adj. Not burdened,
not einlurra^s'. d.
L'NCl'HBABLE, in-k&ribl-bl, adj. That cannot be
curbed or chcx-kcd.
Us'CL'RBt.U, tin-k&rbd,' adj. 359. Licentious, not
restrained.
To UNCTIU., ftn-kfirl,' v. a. To loose from ringlets
or convolutions.
To UNCURL, fin-k&rl,' n. n. To fall from the ringlet*.
UNCl'RRF.NT, fin-k&r-r^nt, adj. Not current, not
passing in common pavment
To UNCURSE, Zm-kfrrse,' v. a. To free from any
execration.
UNCUT, fin-k&t,' adj. Not cut.
To UN DAM, fin-dim/ v. a. To open, to free fnw
the restraint of mounds.
UNDAMAGED, &n-dlm'ldjd, adj. 90. Not rnad«
worse, not impaired.
UNDAUNTED, &n-dAn-t£d, adj. 214. Unsubdued
by fear, not depressed^-See Daunted.
UNDAUNTEDLY, 6n-d4n£tW-l£, adv. Boldly, in-
trepidly, without fear.
UNDAZZLEO, &n-d3z-zld, adj. 359. Not dimmed
or confused by splendour.
To UNDEAF, fin-d^f/ v. a. To free from deafness.
UNDEBAUCHED, &n-d£-b£wtsht,' adj. Not cor-
rupted by debauchery.
UNUECAGON, &n-dek-4-g3n, 3. A figure of eleven
angles or sides.
UNDECAYING, fin-d^-ka^Ing, adj. Not suffering
diminution or declension.
UNDECAYED, 5n-d^-kade/ adj. Not liable to be
diminished.
To UNDECEIVE, in-di-sive,' v. a. To «et free
from the influence of a fallacy.
UNDF.CEIVABLE, 6n-d^
to deceive, or be deceived.
adj. Not liable
UNDECEIVED, &n-d«i-s^vd, adj. Not cheated, not
imposed on.
UNDECIDED, Zm-d^-sUd5d, adj. Not determined,
nut settled.
UNDECISIVE, &n-d4-siislv, adj. Not decisive, not
conclusive.
To L'NDECK, fin-dek/ v. a. To deprive of ornament*.
UNDECKED, &n-d£kt,' adj. 359. Not adorned, not
embellished.
UNDECLINED. 5n-d^-kllnd,' adj. Not grammati-
cally varied by termination ; not deviating, not turned
from the right way.
UNDEDICATED. un-d&W-ki-tid, adj. Not con-
secrated, not devoted ; not inscribed to a patron.
UN DEEDED, Cm-d&kWd, atlj. Not signalized by
action.
UNDEFACED, fin-d^-faste,' adj. Not deprived of
its form, not disfigured.
UNDEFEASIBLE, un-de-f^z£.bl, adj. Not defeasi-
ble. not to be vacated or annulled.
UNDEFILED, &n-dti-fild,' adj. Not polluted, not
vitiated, not corrupted.
UNDEFINED, fm-d^-flnd/ r.dj. Not circumscribed,
or explained by a definition.
UNDEFINABLE, fin-d^-f'i-nl-bl, ad}. Not to be
marked out, or circumscribed by a definition.
UNDEFIED, &n-d«*-t'id?,' adj. 282. Nut set at de-
fiance, not challenged.
UNDEFORMED, in-de-formd,' adj. Not deformed,
not disfigured.
UNDELIBERATED, in-de-llb^r-a-t^d, erf;'. Not
carefully considered.
UNDEL!GHTED, &n.de-ll-t^d, adj. Not pleased,
not touched with pleasure.
UNDELIGHTFUL, fin-d^-llteiffil, adj. Not giving
pleasure.
UN-DEMOLISHED, fin-d£-m61-lsht, adj. Not razed,
not thrown d.uvn.
UN DEMONSTRABLE, &n-de-m5n-str3-bl, adj. In-
capable of fuller evidence.
UNDENIABLE, 5n-d£-nW-bl, adj. Such as cannot
be gainsaid.
UNDENIABLY, 6n-dt*-nUiUbl£, adv. So plainly as
to admit no contradiction.
UNDErLORED. 6n-di plArd,' ndj. Not lamented.
UNDEPRAVKD, fin-d^-pravi',' adj. Not corrupted.
UNO
543
UND
JNDERPETTICOAT, un-dur-p^t^te-kote, ». Thai
>rn next the body.
To UNDERPIN, &n-d&r-pln/ v. a. To prop, to sup-
port.
JsDERPLOT, &n-dar-p!5t, s. A series of events
proceeding collaterally with the main story of * play,
and subservient to it : a clandestine scheme.
To UNDERPRAISE, Cm-dcir-prazu/ v. a. To praise
below desert.
To UNDERPRIZE, un-dur-prize,' v. a. To value
at less than the worth.
To UNDERPROP, un-dtir-prSp,' v. a. To support,
to sustain.
JNDERFROPORTIONEO, un-dar-pro-poi-shund,
adj. Having too little proportion.
o UNDERRATE, fin-diir-rate,' v.
a. To rate too
nSr 167, n&t 163— tube 171, tul> 172, bill 173— SU 299— pound 313— /Am 466— THis 469.
UNDEPRIVED, Jm-de-prlvd,' adj. Not divested by
authority, not stripped of any possession.
UNDER, un-dlir, prep. 98. In a state of subjec-
tion ; in the st;ite of pupilage to : beneath, so as to be
covered or hidden ; below in place ; in a less degree
than; for less than, less than, below; by the ap|iear-
ance of; with less than ; in the state of inferiority to,
noting rank or order of precedence ; in a state of being
loaded with ; in a state of oppression by, or subjection
to; in a state of being liable to, or limited by; in a
state of depression or dejection by ; in the state of bear-
ing ; in the state of; no't having' reached or arrived to,
noting time; represented by ; in a state of protection ;
with respect to; attested by; subjected to, being the
subject of; in a state of relation that claims protection.
UNDER, &nM&r, adv. 418. In a state of subjec-
tion ; less; opposed to Over or More; it has a significa-
tion resembling that of an adjective, interior, subject,
subordinate.
UNDERACTION, fin-dur-akish&n, s. Subordinate
action, action not essential to the main story.
To UNDERBEAR, un-dur-bare,' v. a. To support,
to endure ; to line, to guard. In this last sense out of
use.
UNDERBEARER, fin-dur-bairur, s. in funerals,
one of those that sustain the weight of the body, dis-
tinct from those who are bearers of ceremony.
2'o UNDERBID, frn-dur-bld,' v. a. To offer for
any thing less than its worth.
UNDERCLERK, 6n-dur-klark, s. A clerk subordi-
nate to the principal clerk.
To UNDERDO, un-dur-doo,' v. n. To act below
one's abilities ; to do less than is requisite.
UNDERFACTION, &n-dur-t'ak-shun, s. Subordi-
nate faction, subdivision of a faction.
UNDERFELLOW, fin-dur-f^l- 16, s. A mean man,
a sorry wretch.
UNDERFILLING, 6n-dur-fil-ling, s. Lower part
of an edifice.
To UNDERFURNISH, unidur-furinlsh, v. a. To
supply with less than enough.
To UNDERGIRD, un-dur-gdrd/ v. a. To bind
round the bottom.
To UNDERGO, un-d&r-gA,' v. a. To suffer, to sus-
tain, to endure evil ; to support, to hazard. Not in
use. To sustain, to be the bearer ot, to possess; to
sustain, to endure without fanning; to pass through.
UNDERGROUND, un-dur-ground,' s. Subterrane-
ous space.
UNDERGROWTH, fin-dur-gri^A,' s. That which
grows under the tall wood.
UNDERHAND, un-dur-hand,' adv. By means not
apparent, secretly ; clandestinely, with fraudulent se-
crecy.
UNDERLABOURER, au-dur-la-bur-ur, s. A sub-
ordinate workman.
UNDF.RIVED, iin-d&-r\vd{ adj. 104. Not borrowed
To UNDERLAY, fin-dur-la,' v. a. To strengthen
by something laid under.
T\» UNDERLINE, un-ciar-lint^ v. a. To mark
with lines below the words.
UNDERLING, finid&r-Hng, s. 41O. An inferior
agent, a sorry mean fellow.
To UNDERMINE, un-dur-vnlne,' v. a. To dig cavi-
ties under any thing, so that it may fall or be blown
up, to sap ; to excavate under ; to injure by clandestine
means.
UNDERMINER, un-dur-ml-n&r, ». He that saps
he that digs away the supports; a clandestine enemy.
UNDERMOST, un-dur-mAst, adj. Lowest in place
lowest in state or condition.
UNDERNEATH, un-dur -nth-H,' adv. In the lowe
place, below, under, beneath.
UNDERNEATH, ho-d{er~uirrBf pup, 467. Under
UNDEROFFICER, fin-dar-if-is-ur, s. An inferio
officer, one in subordinate authority.
UNDEROGATORY, un-dii-ri^-ga-tur-t*, adj. No
derogatory, — which see.
UNOERPART, uuidur part, s. Subordinate, or un
csseu'iul part*
UNDERRATE, fin^dur rate, s. 498. A price less
than is usual.
UNDERSECRETARY, fin-dur-s£k-kr4-ta-nJ, *. A
subordinate secretary.
To UNDERSELL, un-dur-s^l/ v. a. To defeat, by
selling for less ; to sell cheaper than another.
UNDEIISERVANT, &n-dur-s£i-vant, s. A servant
of the lower class.
To UNDERSET, fin-dur-set,' v. a. To prop, to
support.
[JNDERSETTER, un-dur-s£tUur, s. Prop, pedestal,
support.
UNDERSETTING, ftn-dur-s<h-tlng, s. 410. Lower
part, pedestal.
UNDERSHERIFF, &n-dur-shdr-lf, s. The deputy
of the sheriff— See Sheriff:
UNDERSHERIFFRY, fin-dur-shfir-lf-nJ, j. The
office of an under-sheriff.
UNDERSHOT, un-dur-shit,' part. adj. Moved by
water passing under it.
UNDERSONG, &n-dur-s5ng, s. Chorus, burden of
a song.
To UNDERSTAND, 5n dur-stand,' v- a. pret. Un-
derstood. To comprehend fully, to have knowledge
of; to conceive.
To UNDERSTAND, an-dur-stand/ v. a. To have
use of the intellectual faculties ; to be an intelligent it
conscious being ; to be informed.
UNDERSTANDING, un-d5r-stan-dlng, s. Intel-
lectual powers, faculties of the mind, especially those
of knowledge and judgment ; skill ; intelligence, term*
of communication.
UNDERSTANDING, un-dur-stin-ding, adj. Know.,
ing, skilful.
UNDERSTANDINGLY, nn-dur-stan-dlug-l^, adv.
With knowledge.
UNDERSTOOD, un-d&r-stud/ pret. and part, jtass.
of Understand.
UNDERSTRAPPER, fin-dur-strap-pur, s. A petty
fellow, an n.ferior a"ent.
To UNDERTAKE, un dur-take,' v. a. Pret. Un-
dertook ; pa't. pass. Undertaken. To attempt, to en-
gage in ; to assume a character ; to engage with, to at-
tack ; to have the charge of.
To UNDERTAKE, un-dttr-tike,' v. n. To assume
any business or province ; to venture, to hazard ; to
promise, to stand bound to some condition.
UNDERTAKEN, uu-dur-ta-kn. Part. pass, of Un-
dertake.
UNDERTAKER, un-dlr-ta-kur, s. 98. One who
engages in projects ami affairs; one who engages to
build for another at a certain price ; one whu manages
funerals.
UNDERTAKING, un-dur-ta-klng, *. Attempt, en-
terprise, engagement.
UNDERTENANT, fin-dfir-t£ii£ant, s. A secondary
tenant, one who holds from him that holds from th«
owner.
UNDERTOOK, &n-dur-t56k,' Part. pass, of Un-
dertake.
UNDERVALUATION, un-dCir-vul-u-a'skJin, i.
Hate not eijual to the worth
UND
544
UNO
£}• 559. FAt« T3, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 1O5, pin 1O7— nA 162, m6ve 1 84,
To UNDERVALUE, in-d&r-vaK6, v. a. To rate
low. to esteem lightly, to treat as of little worth ; to de-
press, to make low in estimation, to despise.
UNDERVALUE, in-d&r-val-u, *. 493. Low rate,
vile price.
UNDERVALUER, &n-d&r-vali&-&r, *. One who e-
steems lightly.
UNDERWENT, fin-d&r-w£nt,' Pret. of Undergo.
UNDERWOOD, &n-d&r-wud, s. The low trees that
grow among the timber.
UNDERWORK, o.n^dur-w&rk, s. 498. Subordinate
business, petty affairs.
To UNDERWORK, fin-d&r-wfirk,' v. a. Pret.
Underworked, or Underwrought, part. pan. Under-
worked, or Underwrought. To destroy by clandestine
measures ; to labour less than enough.
UNDERWORKMAN, fin.d&r-wQrk-min, *. An
inftrior labourer.
To UNDERWRITE, fin-d&r-rlte,' v. a. To write
under something else.
UNDERWRITER, fin-dfir-ri'tur, ». An insurer, so
called from writing his name under the conditions.
UNDESCRIBED, &n-d^-skrlbd/ adj. Not described.
UNDESCRIED, in-di-skrlde,' adj. 382. Not seen,
unseen, undiscovered.
UNDESERVED, fin di-z£rvd,' adj. Not merited, or
obtained by merit; not incurred by fault.
UNDESERVEDLY, ttn-dt-z&r-ved-U, adv. 364.
Without desert, whether of good or ill.
UNDESERVER, &n-d<*-z£riv&r, s. One of no merit.
UNDESERVING, Jin-d<i-z5riving, adj. Not hav-
ing merit, not having any worth; not meriting any
particular advantage or hurt.
UNDESIGNED, ftn-d£-slnd/ adj. 359. Not intend-
ed, not purposed.
UNDESIGNING. &n-dd-slinlng, adj. Not acting
w*h any set purpose; having no artful or fraudulent
schemes, sincere.
UNDESIRABLE, in-di-zUra-bl, adj. Not to be
wished, not pleasing.
UNDESIRED, &n-d£-zlrd,' adj. 359. Not wished,
not solicited.
UNDESIRING, 6.n-d£-zi-rlug, adj. Negligent, not
wishing.
UNDESTROYABLE, &n-d£-stroeia-bl, adj. Inde-
structible, not susceptive of destruction.
UNDESTROYED, &n-di-str61d,' adj. 382. Not de-
stroyed.
_ .VDETERMINABLE. 5n-d£-t£r-mln-a-bl, adj. Im-
possible to be decided.
UN DETERMINATE, &n-d£-t5rimin-at, adj. 91.
Not settled, not decided, contingent ; not fixed.
UNDETEUMINATENESS, frn-de-t£rimln-at-n£s, 7
UNDETERMINATION, &n-d«i.t4r-min-a-sh&n, \
i. Uncertainty, indecision ; the state of not being fix-
ed, or invincibly directed.
UNDETERMINED, 5n-d^-t^rimlnd, adj. Unsettled,
undecided ; not limited, not regulated.
UxDEVOTED, 6,n-di-v6it3d, adj. Not devoted.
UNDIAPHANOUS, ftn-di-af-fa-u5s, adj. 116. Not
pellucid, not transparent.
UNDID, fin-did,' The pret. of Undo.
UNDIGESTED, &n-d£-j£s£t£d, adj. Not concocted.
UN DIMINISHED, &n-d£-mln£Isht, adj. Not im-
paired, not lessened.
UN DINTED, &n-dlnti£d, adj. Not impressed by a
blow.
UNDIPPED, in-dipt/ adj. 359. Not dipped, not
plunged.
UNDIRECTED, &n-di*-r£kitid, adj. Not directed.
Us DISCERNED, &n-diz-z£rnd,' adj. Not observed,
pot discovered, not descried.
UNDISCKRNEDI.Y, fin-iliz-zer-ncd-14, adv. 364.
to be undiscovered.
UN DISCERNIBLE, tin-dlz-z&rii^-bl, adj. Not u.
be discerned, invuible.
UNDISCERNIBI.Y, &n-d!z-z5rn^-bl<J, adj. Invisi-
bly, imperceptibly.
UNDISCERNING, &n-dlz-z?rn-Ing, adj. Injudici-
ous, incapable of making due distinction.
UNDISCIPLINED, &n.tilsislp-plind, adj. Not sub-
dued to regularity and order ; untaught, uninstructed.
UNDISCOVERABLE, &n-dls-k&v-&r-&-bl, adj. Not
to be found out.
UNDISCOVERED, &n-d1s-k&v-&rd, adj. Not »een,
not descried.
UNDISCREET, fin-dls-krWt/ adj. Not wise, im-
prudent.
UNDISGUISED, in-dlz-gylzd/ adj. Open, artles*,
plain.
UNDISHONOURED, &n-dlz-&nin6rd, adj. Not dis-
honoured.
UNDISMAYED, fin-dlz-made,' s. Not discouraged,
not depressed with fear.
UNDISOBLIGING, 6n-dls-d-bl^jing, adj. 111.
Inoffensive.
UNDISPERSED, &n-dls-p^rst/ adj. Not scattered.
UNDISPOSED, Sn-dls-pozd,' adj. Not bestowed.
UNDISPUTED, O.n-dis-pii-t£d, adj. Incontrovertible,
evident.
UNDISSEMBLED, 6.n-dis-s^m4)ld, adj. Openij de-
clared ; honest ; uot feigned.
UNDISSIPATED, &n-dls-s^ pa-ted, adj. >ot scat-
tered; not dispersal.
UNDISSOLVING, un-dlz-z5lVing, adj. Never melt-
ing.
UNDISTEMPERED, fin-d!s-t?mip?ird, adj. Free
from disease ; free from perturbation.
UN-DISTINGUISHABLE, fin-dls-tlng-g«lsh-a-bl,
adj. Not to be distinctly seen ; not to be known by any
peculiar property.
UNDisTiNGUiSHED,&n-dls-tlng£gwIsht, adj. 359.
Not marked out by objects or intervals; not seen, or
not to be seen otherwise than confusedly; not sepa-
rately and plainly descried ; admitting nothing between,
having no intervenient space; not marked by any
particular property; not treated with any particular
respect.
UN-DISTINGUISHING, fin-dis-tingigwlsh-ing, adj
Making no difference; not discerning plainly.
UNDISTRACTED, &n-dis-trak-t£d, adj. Not per-
plexed by contrariety of thoughts or desires.
UNDISTRACTEDLY, &n-dls-trak-t£d-]^, adv. With-
out disturbance from contrariety of sentiments.
UNDISTRACTEDNESS, fin-d!s-trakited-n£s, s. Free
from interruption by different thoughts.
UNDISTURBED, O.n-dls-t&rbd,' atlj. Free from per-
turbation ; calm; tranquil; not interrupted by any
hinderance or molestation ; not agitated.
UNDISTURBEDLY, &n-dls-t6rbd-l^, adv. Calmly,
pe.'icefully.
UNDIVIDABLE, &n-d£-vUda-bl, adj. Not separable,-
not susceptive of division.
UNDIVIDED, &n-d^-vUd£d, adj. Unbroken, whole,
not parted.
U.VDIVULGED, fin-d^-vftljd/ adj. Secret ; not pro-
mulgated.
To UNDO, &n-dS6,' v. a. Pret. Undid ; part,
pass. Undone : from Do. To ruin ; to bring to destruc-
tion; to loose; to open what is shut or fastened, to
unravel; to change any thing to its former state; 16
recall or annul any action.
UNDOING, &n-d65-ing, adj. Ruining, destructive.
UNDOING, fin-doo-lng, s. Ruin ; destruction j fa.
tal mischief.
UNDONE, &n-d&n' adj. Not done, not performed;
ruined, brought to destruction.
UNDOUBTED, Qn-dout-ed, adj. Indubitable ; in-
disputable; unquestionable.
UNDOUBTEDLY, fin-dou -£d-l£, adv. Indubitably ;
without question ; without doubt.
UNDOUBTING, &n-dout-ing, adj. Admitting n»
doubt.
UNE 545 UNE
n3r 167, n&t 16S — t&be 171, tfih 172, bill 173 — All 299 — p<5&nd 315 — thin 466— THIS 469.
UNDRAWN, ftn-driwn,' adj. Not pulled by any ex-
ternal force.
UNDREADED, &n-dr£di£d, a<tf. Not feared.
UNDIIKAMED, &n-dr4md,' adj. .369. Not thought on.
To UNDRESS, &n-dr&s/ v. a. To divest of clothes ;
to strip ; to divest of ornaments, or the attire of osten-
tation.
UNDRESS, 5nAlr3s, *. 498. A loose or negligent
dress.
UNDRESSED, &n-dr5st/ adj. Not regulated ; not
prepared for use.
UNDRIED, &n-drlde,' adj. Not dried.
UNDRIVEN, &n-drlv-vn, adj. 103. Not impelled
either way.
UNDROSSY, 6n-drosis4, adj. Free from recrement.
UNDUBITABLE, Sn-dh-b^-ti-bl, adj. Not admit-
ting doubt; unquestionable: more properly Indubitable.
UNDUE, &n-d&/ adj. Not right; not legal ; nota-
greeable to duty.
UNDULARY, &n-j6 l<\-r«i, adj. 376. Playing like
waves ; playing with intermissions.
To UNDULATE, &n£j&JAte, v. a. To drive back-
ward and forward ; to make to play as waves. — See Prin-
ciples, No. 376.
To UNDULATE, finiji-late, v. n. To play as waves
in curls.
UNDULATION, &n-ji-la-shftn, ». Waving motion.
UNDULATORY, &n-jWa-t6-r£, adj. 512. Moving
in the manner of waves.
UNDULY, fin-di-l£, adv. Not properly ; not ac-
cording to duty.
UNDUTEOUS, &n-d&£t£-&s, ad). 376. Not per-
forming duty; irreverent, disobedient — See Duteous.
UNDUTIFUL, in-du-ti-ful, adj. Not obedient, not
reverent.
U.N'DUTI FULLY, &n-dh-t£-fM li, adv. Not accord-
ing to duty.
UNDUTIFULNESS, &n-d&-t£-ful-n£s, s. Want of
respect; irreverence; disobedience.
UNDYING, &n-dl-ing, adj. Not destroyed, not
perishing.
UNEARNED, fin-^rnd/ adj. 359. Not obtained by
labour or merit.
UNEARTHED, &n-5rt/tt,' adj. 359. Driven from the
ground.
UNEARTHLY, bn-&rth-]&, adj. Not terrestrial
UNEASILY, ftn-&z£-l£, adv. Not without pain.
UNEASINESS, &n.£iz<i-n£s, s. Trouble, perplexity ;
state of disquiet.
UNEASY, hn-&-z£, adj. Painful, giving disturbance ;
disturbed, not at ease; constraining, cramping; peev-
ish, difficult to please.
UNEATEN, &n-£itn, adj. 103. Not devoured.
UNEATH, £m-£l/t,' adv. Not easily. Not in use.
UNEDIFYING, &n-5dii-fl-ing, adj. Not improving
in good life.
UNELECTED, &n-£-l£kit2d, adj. Not chosen.
UNELIGIBLE, &n-£U£-j£-bl, adj. Not worthy to
be chosen.
UNEMPLOYED, fin-£m-pl£id/ adj. Not busy, at
leisure, idle; not engaged in any particular work.
UNEMPTIABLE, &n-£mp-t«i-a-bl, adj. Not to be
emptied, inexhaustible.
UNENDOWED, frti-^n-tloud/ adj. Not invested,
not graced.
UNENGAGED, &n-3n-gadjd/ adj. Not engaged,
not appropriated.
UNENJOYED, in-ln-jold/ adj. Not obtained, not
possessed.
UNENJOYING, &n-5n-jo(i-ing, adj. Not "sing, hav-
ing no fruition.
UNENLIGHTENED, &n-4n-H-tnd, adj. 359. Not
illuminated.
UNENLARGED, fui'^n-lirjtl,' adj. Not enlarged,
narrow, eoutracted.
UNENSLAVED, &n-3n-slivd,' adj. Free, not en
thralled.
UNENTERTAINING, ftn-£n-t&r ta-ning, adj Giv-
ing no delight.
UNENVIED, un-£n-vld, adj. 282. Exempt from
envy.
UNEQUABLE, fin-^-kwi-bl, adj. Different from
itself, diverse.
UNEQUAL, 5n-£Mcwil, adj. Not even ; not equal,
inferior ; partial, not bestowing on both the same ad-
vantages ; disproportionate, ill matched ; uot regular,
not uniform
UNEQUALABI.E, &n-£McwiI-a-bl, adj. Not to be
equalled, not to be paralleled.
UNEQUALLED, frn-d-kwiUd, adj. 406. Unparallel-
ed, unrivalled in excellence.
UNEQUALLY, in-A-kwil-A, adv. 406. In differ-
ent degrees, in disproportion one to the other.
Inequality,
ent degrees, in disproportion one to tne
UNEQUALNESS, un-£-kwiil-n£s, s.
state of being unequal.
UNEQUITABLE, &n-5k-kw£-tA-bl, actf. Not im-
partial, not just
UNEQUIVOCAL, fin-^-kwlviA-kil, adj. Not equivo-
cal.
UNERRABLENESS, &n-5r-ri-bl-n3s, s. Incapacity
of error.
UNERRING, &n-5rMng, adj. 410. Committing no
mistake; incapable of failure, certain.
UNERRINGLY, &n-£r-ring-lt^, adv. Without mistake.
UNESPIED, Sn-^-spide/ adj. 282. Not seen, un-
discovered, undescried.
UNESSENTIAL, frn-£s-s£ii-shil, adj. Not being of
the least importance, not constituting essence ; void of
real being.
UNESTABLISHED, &n-d-stab-lisht, adj. Not estab-
lished.
UNEVEN, fin-^vn, adj. 103. Not even, not level ;
not suiting each other, not equal.
UNEVENNESS, fin-^-vn-n£s, s. Surface not level,
inequality of surface ; turbulence, changeable state ;
not smoothness.
UNEVITABLE, frn-£v-£-t£-bl, adj. Inevitable, not
to be escaped.
UNEXACTED, ftn-§g-zilkit£d, adj. Not exacted,
not taken by force.
UNEXAMINED, &n-5g-zim-lnd, adj. Not inquir-
ed, not tried, not discussed.
UNEXAMPLED, fin-£g-z;\mipld, adj. Not known
by any precedent or example.
UNEXCEPTIONABLE, &n-£k-<s3pish&n-i-bl, adj.
Not liable to objection.
UNEXCOGITABLE, &n-£ks-k5d-j£-UUbl, adj. Not
to be found out.
UNEXECUTED, &n-£k's£-kii-t£d, adj. Not perform-
ed, not done.
UNEXCISED, &n--£k-slzd,' adj. Not subject to the
payment of excise.
UNEXEMPLIFIED, ftn-£g-z3m-pl£-flde, adj. Not
made known by example.
UNEXERCISED, &n-£k-s5r-slzd, adj. Not practised,
not experienced.
UNEXEMPT, frn-Sg-zSmpt,' adj. Not free by pe-
culiar privilege.
UNEXHAUSTED, &n-£ks-liiws-tSd, adj. Not spent,
not drained to the bottom.
UNEXFANDED, &n-£ks-pin'd5d, adj. Not spread
out.
UNEXPECTED, &n-3k-sp£k-t£d, adj. Not thought
on, sudden, not provided against.
UNEXPECTEDLY, un-£k-sp6kit3d-W, adv. Sud-
denly, at a time unthonght of.
UNEXPECTEDNESS, 5n-£k-sp£k£t&l-n3s, s. Sud-
denness.
UNEXPERIENCED, &n-5ks-pt^r«i-£nst, adj. 359.
Not versed, not acquainted by trial or practice.
UNKXPEDIF.NT, &n-£kfl-p&U £nt, adj. Inconve-
nient, not fit.— ttee Expedient.
UNF 546 UNF
559. Fate 73, fir 77, f3ll SS, f3t SI — m<* 93. m4t 95 — phe 1O.5. \>)<\ 107 — nA 1^2, m3vv Tf74,
, &n-£ks p£rt,' ad}. Wanting skill or UNFENCED. Jin-fenst,' ail}. 359- Naktd of fortifi-
cation ; not surrounded by any enclosure.
UNFKRMENTF.D, un-f^r-m^nt^d, adj. Not fer-
mented.
UNFERTILE, hn-f£i'-t\\, adj. Not fruitful, not pro-
lifick.
To UNFETTER. 6n-f^t-t?ir, v. a. To unchain, to
Not §earch«d
knowledge.
UNEXPLORED, ftn-£ks plArd,"
out : not tried, not known.
UN EXPOSED, fin-6ks-p&zd/ adj. Not bid open to
censure
UN-EXPRESSIBLE, fin-£ks-pr&A£-bl, adj. Ineffa-
ble, not to be uttered.
UN EXPRESSIVE, &n-£ks-pr£sislr, adj. Not bar-
ing the (lower of uttering or expressing; not expres-
sive, unutterable, ineffable. — See the negative particle
rn
UNEXTENDED, fin-£ks-t£n'd£rl, adj. Occupying
no assignable space ; having no dimensions.
UsTXTINGl'ISHABLB, TJIl-^ks-tillg-gwIsJl-a-bl,
adj. Unquenchable.
US-EXTINGUISHED, &n-dks-tlng-gwteht, ad;.359.
Not quenched, not put out; not extinguished.
UNFADED, fin-fa-H£d, a((j. Not withered.
UNFADING, un-fa-dlng, a<ij. 410. Not liable to
wither.
UNFAILING, &n-faMii>g, adj. 41O. Certain, not
missing.
UNFAIR, fin-fare/ adj. Disingenuous, subdolous,
not honest.
UNFAITHFUL, fin-fa/A-ful, adj. Perfidious, trcach-
erou* ; impious, infidel.
UNFAITHFULLY, fin-fa/A-fil-£, adv. Treacher-
ously, perfidiously.
UNFAITHFULNESS, &n-fa/Aiful-nfe, «. Treachery,
perfidiousness.
UNFALLOWED, fin-falMAde, adj. Not fallowed.
UNFAMILIAR, &n-fa-rnlliyar, adj. Unaccustom-
ed, such as is not common.
UNFASHIONABLF., &n-fasb.ifin-a-bl, adj. Not
modish, not according to the reigning custom.
UNFASHIONABLENESS, &n-fasb/un-a-bl-nis, *.
Deviation from the mode.
UNFASHIONED, &n-fashiund, adj. Not modified
by art ; having no regular form.
UNFASHIONABI.Y, un-fashifin-a-bl^, adv. Not
according to the fashion; unartfully.
T» UNFASTEN, &n-fasisn, v. a. 472. To loose,
to unfix.
UNFATHERED, &n-fa-TH&rd, adj. Fathcrtass, har-
ing no father.
UNFATHOMABLE, fin-faTH^Sm-a-bl, ad). Not to
be sounded by a line ; that of which the end or extent
cannot l>c lound.
UNFATHOMABLY, &n-faTHium-a-bl£, adv. So as
not to be sounded.
UN FATHOMED, &n-faTH-&md, adj. Not to bt
UNFATIGDED, 6n-fa-tWgd/ adj. Unwearied, un-
tired.
UNFAVOURABLE, fin-faiv&r-a-bl, adj. Unpropi-
tious.
UNFAVOURABLY, fin-fa-vur-a-bU, adi>. Unkind-
ly, unpropitiouily ; so as not to countenance or sup-
port
U.VFEARED, fin-f^rd,' adj. Not affrighted, intrepid,
not terrified ; not dreaded, not regarded with terror.
UNFEASIBLE
. 405. Impracticable.
UNFEATHERED, &n.f?THi&rd, adj. Implumous,
naked of feathers.
UXFI-ATI-RED, fin-fiitshird, adj. Deformed,
wanting regularity of features.
UNPKU, &n-f£d,' adj. Not supplied with food,
UN-FEED. &o-f<Ud£ adj. Unpaid.
UNFEELING, ftn.feeiling, adj. Insensible, Toid of
mental sensibil.ty.
L'NFKIGNED, &n-fand,' adj. Not counterfeited, not
hyiiocritical, real, sincere.
UNFEIGKEDLY, 6n-fa-n^d-li, adv. 364. Really,
-mccrHy, without hypocrisy.
L'NFLLT, ftn-felt/ adj. Not felt, not perceived.
free from shackles.
UNFIGUHED, &n-f']g-yi>rd, adj. Representing no
animal form.
UNFILLED, &n-f ild/ adj. Not filled, not supplied.
U.VFIRM, &n-f&rm,' adj. Weak, feeble ; not stable.
U.VFILIAL, frn-f il-yal, adj. UnsuitabJe to a son.
UNFINISHED, 6n-fin-Uht, ad?. Incomplete, net
brought to an end, not brought to perfection, imper
feet, wanting the last hand.
UNFIT, &n-f It/m//. Improper, unsuitable, unqualified.
To UNFIT, in-fit/ v. a. To disqualify.
UNFITLY, un-flt-le, adv. Not properly, not suit-
ably.
UNKITNESS, ftn-fltiii
tions ; want of propriety
«. Want of qualifica-
UNFITTING, in-fi t-ting, adj. 410. Not proper.
To UNFIX, fin-flks,' v. a. To loose», to make lest
fast; to make fluid.
UNFIXED, un-fikst,' adj. Wandering, erratick,
inconstant, vagrant: not determined.
UNFLEDGED, &n-fiUjd£ adj. 359. That has not
yet the full furniture of feathers, young.
UNFLESHED, un-fl£sht,' adj. 359. Not fleshed,
not seasoned to blond.
UNFOILED, fin-foild,' adj. Unsubdued, not put to
the worst,
To UNFOLD, fin-fold,' v. a. To expand, to spread.
to open ; to tell; to declare; to discover, to reveal, to
display, to set to view.
UNFOLDING, fin-fold-mg, adj. 410. Directing to
unfold.
To UNFOOL, fin-foSl/ v. a To restore from folly.
UNFORBID, fin-for-bid,' 7 °dj. Not pro-
UNFORBIDDEN, 6n-for-bld-dn, ^ hibited.
UNFORBIDDENNESS, un-fdr-bld^dn-n&s, j. state
of being unforbidden.
UNFORCED, &n-forst/ adj. 99. 359. Not com-
pelled, not constrained; not impelled; not feigned;
not violent; not contrary to ease.
UNFORCIBLE, fin-l6r-se-bl, adj. Wanting strength,
UNFOREBODING, &n-fore-b<&i!i)g, adj. Giving
no omens.
UNFOREKNOWN, fin-fore-none,' adj. Not foreseen
by prescience.
UNFORESEEN, un-f6re s££n{ adj. Not known be.
j fore it happened.
' UNFORFEITED, &n-for-f It-£.l, adj. Not forfeited.
UNFORGOTTEN, &n-for-g6t-tn, adj. Not lo^t u>
memory.
UNFORGIVING, &n-fu)--g]vilng, adj. Relentless,
implacable.
UNFORMED, &n-f6rmd,' adj. Not modified into
regular shape.
UNFORSAKEN, fin-for-sa-kn, adj. Not deserted.
UNFORTIFIED, &n-for-te-tlde, adj 282. Not se-
cured by walls or bulwarks ; not strengthened, infirm,
weak, feeble; wanting securities
UNFORTUNATE, un-lor-tbhu-nat, adj. 91. Not
successful, unprosperous, w.-miing luck.
UNFORTUNATELY, tin-for-tsli£-n&t l£, adv. Un-
happily, without good luck.
UNFOKTUNATENESS, Cin-for-tshii-niun^s, s. lli
h:ck.
UNFOUGHT, &n-fawt^ adj. Not fought.
UNFOULED, fin-foila/ adj. Unpolluted, uncorrupt-
I ed, not soiled.
j UNFOUND, uii-f3und£ adj. Not found, not met wit*.
UNG 547 UNH
167, n5t 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bill 173 — 511 299 — pound 313— thin 466 — THit 4R9.
UNFRAMABLE, 6n fra-mi.bl, adj. Not to be
moulded.
UNFRAMED, fin-framd/ adj. Not formed, not fa-
shioned.
UNFREQUENT, fin-fr4-kw3nt, adj. Uncommon,
not happening often. — Soe Frequent.
To UNFRF.QUKNT, &n-fre-kw£ut,' v. a. To leave,
to cease to frequent.
UNFREQUENTED, un-frt*-kw£ntie)d, adj. Rarely
visited, rarely entered.
UNFREQUENTI.Y, &n-fn£Mcw5nt-l£, adv. Not
commonly.
UNFRIENDED, un-Wnd^d, adj. 277. Wanting
friends, uncounteniiiced.
UNFRIENDLINESS. un-fr5ndili-n5s, s. Want of
kindness, want of favour.
UNFRIENDLY, fin-fr£nJ£l£, adj. Not benevolent,
not kind
UNFROZEN, hn-fi&'-zn, adj. 103. Not congealed
to ice.
UNFRUITFUL, un-fro6tiful, adj. Not proiifick ; not
fructiferous; not fertile; not producing good effects.
UNFULFILLED, ftn-ful-fild,' adj. Not fulfilled.
To UNFURL, tui-furl,' v. a. To expand, to unfold,
to open.
TD IJNFURNISH, fin-ffir-nlsh, p. a. To deprive,
to strip, to divest; to leave naked.
UNFURNISHED, fin-fur-nlsht, adj. Not accommo-
dated with utensils, or decorated with ornaments; un-
supplied.
UNGAIN, un-gann,' ; adj. Awkward, un-
UNGAINLY, &n-gaiH'il^, j couth.
UNCALLED, un-g'ivvld,' adj. Unhurt, unwounded.
UNGARTEUED, &n-gir-turd, adj. Being without
garters.
UNGATHEREL, un-gaTH^urd, adj. Not cropped,
not picked.
UNGENERATED. 6n-j^nier-a-t5d, adj. Unbegot-
ten, having no beginning.
UNGENERATIVE, &n jln-4r-a-tlv, adj. Begetting
nothing.
UNGENEROUS, un-jln^r-us, adj. Not noble, not
ingenuous, not liberal ; ignominious.
UNGENIAL, Cm-j£-n£-al, adj. Not kind or favour-
able to nature.
UNGENTLE, un-j3n-tl, adj. Harsh, rude, rugged.
UNGENTLEMANLY, un-jlnitl-man-l^, a,ij. iili-
beral, not beeoming a gentleman.
UNGENTLENESS, un-jihi-tl-n£s, *.
Harshness,
rudeness, severity ; unkindness, incivility.
UXGENTLY, &n-j3nt-l<i, adv. Harshly, rudely.
UNGEOMETRICAL, un-jii-5-m^t-tr^-kil, adj. Not
agreeable to the laws of geometry.
UNGILDED, Un-gllM^d, adj. Not overlaid with
gold.
7'd UNGIRD, &n-gSrd/ v. a. To loose any thing
bound with a girdle.
UNGIK.T, un-g^rt,' adj. Loosely dressed.
U.VGLOR1FIED, un-gl6'r£-fide, adj. 282 Not ho-
noured, not exalted with praise and adoration.
UNGLOVED, fin-glQvd,' adj. Having the hand
naked.
UNGIVING, fin-glvilng, adj. Not bringing gifts.
To UNGI.UE, uu-glu,' v. a. To loose any thing ce-
mented.
To UNGOD, un-gid,' v. a. To divest of divinity.
UNGODLILY, un-g6d-l^-l^, adv. impiously, wick-
etlly.
UNGODLINESS, 6n-g5iW^-n5s, *. Impiety, wicked-
ness, neglect of Ciod.
UNGODLY, ftn-g&d-I^, a-lj. Wicked, negligent of
God and his laws; polluted by wickedness.
UNGORED, un-g6rd,' a<lj. Unwounded, unhurt
Ux'GOUGED, uu-gorjd,' a:'j. Not filled, not sated.
UNGOVERNABLE, 6n-gfiviur-ni-bl, adj. Not t»
be ruled, not to be restrained ; licentious, wild., un-
bridled.
UNGOVERNEO, 5n-g&v-&rnd, a lj. Being without
any government; not regulated, unbridled, licentious.
UNGOT, fin -git/ a'lj. Not gained, not acquired j
not begotten.
UNGRACEFUL, &n-grase'f<U, a'lj. Wanting ele-
gance, wanting beauty.
UNGRACEFULNESS, un-grAscifil-nSs, s. Inele-
gance, awkwardness.
UNGRACIOUS, un-gra^shfis, adj. Offensive, un-
pleasing ; unacceptable, not favoured.
UNGRANTED, un-grint-ed, adj. Not given, not
yielded, not bestowed.
UNGRATEFUL, un-grate-ful, adj. Making no re-
turns, or making ill returns; making no returns for
culture: unplcasing.
UNGRATEFULLY, fin-grateiful-li^, adv. With in-
gratitude; unaceeptably, unpleasingly.
UNGRATEFULNESS, un-grate-t'il-n^s, s. Ingrati-
tude, ill return for good; nnaeceptableness.
UNGRAVELY, ftn-graveil^, adv. Without seri-
ousness.
UNGROUNDED, &n-gr5un-dM, adj. Having no
foundation.
UNGRUDGINGLY, &n-gr&d-jing-l^, adv. Without
ill will, willingly, heartily, cheerfully.
UNGUARDED, un-gyar-ded, adj. Careless, negli-
gent.— See Guard.
UNHANDSOME, &n-han-sfim, adj. Ungracefu,,
not beautiful ; illiberal, disingenuous.
UNHANDY., un-hatuW, adj. Awkward, not dexte-
rous.
UNHAPPY, fin-hapip^, adj. Wretched, miserable,
unfortunate, calamitous, distressed.
UNHARMED, fin-harmd,' adj. Unhurt, not injured,
IJNHARMFUL, 6n-harmiful, adj. Innoxious, inno-
cent.
UNHARMONIOUS, fin-hSr-mo-ne-fis, adj. Not
symmetrical, disproportionate; unmusical, ill sounding.
To UNHARNESS, 6n- Ii&r-n4s, v. a. To loose from
the traces ; to disarm, to divest of armour.
UNHAZARDED, &n-haz-u,rd-£d, adj. Not adven-
tured, not put in danger.
UNMATCHED, &n-hatsht,' adj. Not disclosed from
the eggs ; not brought to light.
UNHEALTHFUL, &n-h£U4-ful, adj. Morbid, un-
wholesome.
UNHEALTHY, &n-l}ilth'-&, adj. sickly, wanting
health.
To UNHEART, &n-hart,' v. a. To discourage, to
depress.
UNHEARD, un-hird/ adj. Not perceived by the ear;
not vouchsafed an audience ; unknown in celebration ;
unheard of, obscure, not known by fame; unprece-
dented.— See Heard.
UNHEATED, &ii-l>(ii.t£d, adj. Not made hot.
UNHEEDED, bn-fe&d'^d, adj. Disregarded, not
thought worthy of notice.
UNHEEDING, un-lieed-ing, adj. 41O. Negligent,
careless.
UNHEEDY, in-li^d^, nil\ Precipitate, sudden.
UNHELPED. fin-h^ipt,' j. 539. Unassisted, hay-
ing no nuxiliarv, tmsiippo d.
UNHELPFUL, un-I.elp-ful, a(\j. Giving no assist-
ance.
UNHEWN, &n-hune,' part. adj. Not hewn.
UNHIUEBOUND, 6n. hide-bound, adj. Lax of maw,
capacious.
To UNHINGE, un-hlnje,' v. a. To throw from the
hinges; to displace by violence; to discover, to confuse.
UNHOLINKSS, un-ho-l^-n^s, s. Impiety, profane.
ness, wickedness.
UNHOLY, u:i ho-lt*, adj. Profane, not hallowed ;
impious, wicked.
UNI 548 UNI
559. Fate 73, far 77, fill 83, fat 81 — m<* 93. m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, mive 164,
UNHONOURED, 6n-&n-nfird, adj. Not regarded
with veneration, not celebrated ; not treated with re-
spect.
T<> UNHOOP, fin-h6flp/ j>. a. To divest of hoops.
UNHOPED, &n-hApt; adj. 359. Not expected,
greater t'lan hope had promised.
UNHOPEFUL, 5n-h6pt>fu\l, adj. Such as leaves no
room to hope.
To UNHORSE, &n-h3rsp,' v.a. To beat from a horse,
to throw from the saddle.
UNHOSPITABLE, fin-h&s^p^-ta-bl, adj. Affording
no kindness or entertainment to strangers.
U.VHOSTILE, &n-h6sitll, adj. 14O. Not belonging
to an enemy.
Tt) UNHOUSE, fin-hMze/ v. a. To drive from the
habitation.
UNHOUSED, 6n-h5Szd/ adj. Homeless, wanting a
house; having no settled habitation.
UNHOCSEI.LED, fin-hou^zld, adj. Not having re-
ceived the sacrament.
UNHUMBLED, 6n-6mibld, adj. 359. Not hum-
bled, not touched with shame or confusion.
UNHURT, fin-h&rt/ adj. Free from harm.
U.VHURTFUL, &n-h&rt-lul, adj. Innoxious, harm-
less, doing no harm.
UNHURTFUI.LY, &n-hurt-ful-£, adv. Without
harm, innoxiouslv.
UNICORN, y6-n£-korn, t. A beast that has only
one horn ; a bird.
UNIFORM, \ti-n&-f&rm, adj. Keeping its tenor,
similar to iUelf ; conforming to one rule.
UNIFORMITY, y6-n£-f6rim£-tti, s. Resemblance
to itself even tenor ; conformity to one pattern, re-
semblance of one to another.
UNIFORMLY, yti-n^-fSrm-l£, adv. Without vari-
ation, in an even tenor ; without diversity of one from
another.
UNIMAGINABLE, fin-lm-mad-jln-a-bl, adj. Not
to be imagined by the far.cy.
UNIMAGINABLY, &n-im-mad-jin-a bl£, adv.
Not to be imagined.
UNIMITABLE, fin-im^-ti-bl, adj. Not to be imi-
tated.
UNIMMORTAL, in-lm-morital, adj. Not immor-
tal, mortal.
UNIMPAIRABLE, inilm-pa-ra-bl, adj. Not liable
to waste or diminution.
UNIMPEACHED, &n-lm-p&tsht,' adj. 359. Not
accused.
UNIMPORTANT, Zm-Im-pdritant, adj. Assuming
no airs of dignity.
UNIMPORTUNED, fin-lm-pir-tind,' adj. Not so-
licited, not teased to compliance.
UNIMPROVABLE, fin-lm-pr&ovia-bl, adj. Inca-
pable of melioration.
UNIMPROVABLENESS, &n-lm-pr65via-bl-n&, s.
Quality of not being improvable.
UNIMPROVED, ftn-Im-proovd,' adj. Not made
more knowing ; not taught, not meliorated by instruc-
tion.
UNINCREASABLE, &n-1n-kniisa-bl, «<.>'. Admit-
ting no increase.
UN-INDIFFERENT, &n-ln-dlMt5r-5ut, adj. Partial,
leaning to a side.
UMNDUSTRIOUS, &n-ln-dusitr^-&s, adj. Not dili-
gent, not laborious.
UNINFLAMMABLE, Zm-in-flamima-bl, «//, Not
capable of being set on fire.
UNINFLAMED, fin-ln-flamd,' adj. Not «et on fire.
UNINFORMED, fin-ln-formd,' adj. Untaught, un-
instructed ; unanimated, not enlivened.
UsiNGENUOUS, fin-in-j^tilii.&s, adj. Illiberal,
disingenuous.
UNINHABITABLE, ftn-ln-habilt-i-bl, adj. Unfit
ti> be inhabited.
bicauacity of bting inhabited.
UNINHABITED, fin-ln-hibiit-4d, adj. Having no
dwellers.
UNINJURED, &n-ln-j6rd, adj. Unhurt, suffering
no harm.
UNINSCRIBED, in-ln-skrlbd,' adj. Having no in-
scription.
UNINSPIRED, &n-ln-splrd,' adj. Not having re-
ceived any supernatural instruction or illumination.
UNINSTRUCTED, &n-ln-strik-t£d, adj. Not uught,
not helped by instruction.
UNINSTRUCTIVE, &!)-In-strukitlv, adj. Not con-
ferring any improvement.
UNINTELLIGENT, &n-in-t£l-l&j£nt, adj. Not
knowing, not skilful.
UNINTELLIGIBILITY, &n-ln-t£l-l«*-j£-biW-tti, j.
Quality of not being intelligible.
UNINTELLIGIBLE, &n-ln-t£l-li-j«*-bl, adj. Not
such as can be understood.
UNINTELLIGIBLY, &n-in-t£l-le-j£-blii, adv. Not
to be understood.
UNINTENTIONAL, un-In-t&iishfin-al, adj. Not
designed, happening without design.
UNINTERESTED, &n-ln-tdr.^s-t^d, adj. Not ha»-
ing interest.
UNINTERMITTED, un-ln-tSr-mh-t3d, adj. Con-
tinued, not interrupted.
UNINTERMIXED, fin-In-t^r-mlkst/ adj. Not
mingled.
UNINTERRUPTED, fin-1n-t2r-r&p£t£d, adj. Not
broken, not interrupted.
UNINTERRUPTEDLY, &n-ln-t£r-rfipit5d !«*, adv.
Without interruption.
UNINTRENCHED, fin-ln-tr^nsht/ adj. 359. Not
intrenched.
UNINVF.STIGABLE, &n-!n-vSsit^-g4-bl, adj. Not
to be searched out.
UNINVITED, un-ln-vlitfd, adj. Not asked.
UNJOINTED, i*m-joln-t£d, adj. Disjointed, separat-
ed ; having no articulation.
UNION, yh-n^-On, s. 8. The act of joining two or
more; concord, conjunction of mind or interests.
UNIPAROUS, yu-nip-pi-r&s, adj. 518. Bringing
one at a birth.
UNISON, yu-n^-sfin, adj. Sounding alone.
UNISON, y6-n£-san, j. A string that has the same
sound with another ; a single unvaried note.
UNIT, yiinit, s. 8. 39. 492. One, the least num-
ber ; or the root of numbers.
UNITARIAN, y6-n£-ta-r^-an, *. One who allows
divinity to God the Father alone; an anti-trinitarian.
To UNITE, yft-niti',' v. a. To join two or more into
one; to make to agree ; to make to adhere; to join;
to join in interests.
To UNITE, y {unite/ v. n. To join in an act, to con-
cur, to act in concert; to coalesce, to be cemented, to
be consolidated ; to grow into one.
UNITEDLY, yu-nUtid-14, adv. With union.
UNITER, yb-ni-t&r, *. 98. The person or thing
that unites.
UNITION, y ft-nUh'&n, s. The act or power of unit-
ing, conjunction.
UNITIVE, yb-n£-tlv, adj. Having the power of
uniting.
UNITY, y&-n£-t<J, j. 8. The state of being one •
concord, conjunction ; agreement, uniformity ; prin-
ciple of dramatick writing, by which the tenor of the
story, and propriety of representation, are preserved.
UNIVALVE,
adj. Having one shell.
UNJUDGED, fin-j&djd/ adj. 359. Not judicially
determined.
UNIVERSAL, y6-n£-v£risAl, adj. 8. General, ex-
tending to all; total, whole ; not particular, compris-
ing all particulars.
UNIVERSAL, y6-n£-v5risal, s. The whole, th«
general system.
UNIVERSALITY, yu-n4-v^r-s41-^-t^, ». Not DM-
ticularity, generality, extension to the whole.
UNK
549
UNL
nor 167, nit lo'3 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173— oil 299— pound 313 — t/itn 466— THIS 4G9.
UNIVERSALLY, yu-nt*-v£risal-i*, adv. Throughout
the whole, wi hout exception
UNIVERSE, yu-n^-v^rse, s. 8. The general system
of things.
UNIVERSITY, yu-ni-v£ris£-t£, s. A school where
all the arts anrt faculties are taught and studied.
UNIVOCAL, yu-nlv-o-kal, adj. Having one mean-
ing; certain, regular, pursuing always one tenor.
UsiVOCALLY, yu-nlv-vA-kil-e, adv. In one term,
in one sense ; in one tenor.
UNJOYOUS, un-joe-us, adj. Not gay, not cheerful.
UNJUST, un-just,' adj. Iniquitous, contrary to equity,
contrary to justice.
UNJUSTIFIABLE, 6n-j5sittUfi-a-bl, adj. Not to
be defended, not to be justified.
UNJUSTIFIABLENESS, un-jiis-t(*-fl-a-bl-n.£s, s.
The quality of not being justifiable.
UNJUSTIFIABLY, ftn-)us't£-f°l-&4>l£, adv. In a
manner not to be justified.
UNJUSTLY, un-just-lt*, adv. In a manner contra-
ry to right.
UNKED, ung-kSd, adj. Uncooth, irksome, against
the grain.
ftjf This word is not in Johnson, but by its having a
place in Junius, Skinner, Philips, Ash, and Barclay, it
seems to have been once a living part of the language.
It is at present, however, only heard in the mouths of
the vu Igar, from which state few words ever return into
good usage. Junius explains it by solitary, and with
great probability supposes it is a corruption of uncouth ;
but Skinner spells it unkward, and says it is a slight al-
teration of sense from the Teutonic -ungcfieieer, which
signifies a monster, a terrible or horrible thing, as soli-
tude is supposed to be. Whatever its etymology may
be, its utility can scarcely be disputed ; for it has a shade
of meaning peculiar to itself, which expresses a disagree-
able passive state, arising from a concurrence of jarring
circu instances. Thus we sometimes hear the common
people say, I found mvself very miked ; it was very unked
to do so. Now though irksome is the nearest word, and
might supply the second phrase, it is quitetincomputible
with the first : nor is it a perfect equivalent to unked in
the second ; for irksome implies a much more disagreea-
ble state than miked, which seems to mean a disagreeable
state arising from obstacle, and therefore seems to form
a middle sense between uncouth and irksome. In this
sense the word appears to have been used by Charles
Butler, of Magdalene College, Oxford, in his English
Grammar, Ib','i4, where, speaking of the necessity of al-
tering the orthography, he says, " Nevertheless, so
powerful is the tyrant custom, opposing and overswaying
right and reason, that I do easily believe this little change
(though never so right, reasonable, and profitable) will
seem to some harsh and unked at the first : but, after a
while, being inured thereunto, I suppose they will rather
wonder, how our undent, eloquent, noble language, in o-
ther respects equalizing the best, c, uld so long endure these
gross and disgraceful barbarisms." — Preface to the Header.
To UNKENNEL, fin-k£n-nll, v. a. 99. To drive
from its hole ; to rouse from its secrecy or retreat.
UNKEPT, &n-klpt,' adj. Not kept, not retained ;
unobserved, unobeyed.
UNKIND, un-kylnd,' adj. 160. Not favourable, not
benevolent.— See Guide.
UNKINDLY, un-kylnd-l<i, adj. Unnatural, contrary
to nature ; malignant, unfavourable.
UNKINDLY, ftn-kyind-14, adv. Without kindness,
without affection.
UNKINDNESS, ftn-kylnd-n£s, s. Malignity, ill-
will, want of affection.
To UNKING, un-klng,' v. a. To deprive of royalty.
UNKISSED, un-kist,' adj. Not kissed.
UNKNIGHTLY, un-ulte-li, adj. Unbecoming a
knight.
To UNKNIT, &n-nlt/ v. a. To unweave, to separ-
ate ; to open.
UNKLE, ungikl, s. 408. properly UNCLE. The
brother of a father or mother.
To U'NKNOW, fin.no,' v. a. To cease to know.
UNKNOWABLE, fin-noia-bl, adj. Not to be known.
UNKNOWING, un-n<Wng, adj. Ignorant, not know-
ing ; not practised, aot qualified.
UNKNOWINGLY, fin-no-Ing-li, adv. Ignorantijv
without knowledge.
UNKNOWN, 6n-n6ne£ adj. Not known, greater
than is imagined ; not having cohabitation ; without
communication.
UNLABOURED, un-l&burd, adj. Not produced by
labour; not cultivated by labour; spontaneous, volun-
tary.
To UNLACE, un-lase/ V. a. To loose any tiling
fastened with strings.
To UNLADE, fin-lade/ v- a. To remove from tha
vessel which carries ; to exonerate that which carries
to put out.
UNLAID, fin-lade, adj. Not pkced, not fixed ; not
pacified, not stilled.
UNLAMENTED, in-la-m^nt^d, adj. Not deplored.
To UNLATCH, un-latsh,' v. a. To open by lifting
up the latch.
UNLAWFUL, fin-law-ful, adj. Contrary to law,
not permitted by the law.
UNLAWFULLY, un-lawiful ^, adv. In a manner
contrary to law or right ; illegitimately, not by mar-
riage.
UNLAWFULNESS, fin-law-lul-n£s, s. Contrariety
to law.
To UNLEARN, un-l£rn,' v. a. To forget, to disuse
what has been learned.
UNLEARNED, un-l^r-ned, adj. Ignorant, not in-
formed, not instructed; not gained by study, not
known ; not suitable to a learned man. — See Learned.
UNLEARNEDLV, fin-l£r-n£d-l£, adv. 362. Igno-
rantly, grossly.
UNLEAVENED, &n-llv£v£nd, adj. 104. Not fer-
mented, not mixed with fermenting matter.
UNLESS, fin-14s,' conj. Except, if not, supposing
that not.
UNLESSONED, &n-l£sisnd, adj. 1O3. 359. No*
taught.
UNLETTERED, un-l£t-t&rd, adj. Unlearned, un-
taught.
UNLEVELLED, &n-l£vi£ld, adj. 406. Not laid even,
UNLIBIDINOUS, frn-l£-bid^-nus, adj. Not lu*tfuk
UNLICENSED, un-li-s£nst, adj. Having no regu-
lar permission.
UNLICKED, bn-llkt,' adj. 559. Shapeless, not
formed.
UNLIGHTED, &n-ll-t£d, adj. Not kindled, not set
on lire.
UNLIKE, fin-like,' adj. Dissimilar, having no re-
semblance; improbable, unlikely, not likely.
UNLIKELIHOOD, un-likeMe-hud, 7 *• Improba-
UNLIKELINESS, fin-likt.'-l«*-n£s, $ bility.
UNLIKELY, un-llke-lt^, adj. Improbable, not such
as can be reasonably expected ; not promising any par-
ticular event.
UNLIKENESS, fin-likein£s, s. Dissimilitude, want
of resemblance.
UNLIMITABLE, fin-lim-It-a-bl, adj. Admitting
no bounds.
UNLIMITED, &n-llm-it-£d, adj. Having no bounds,
having no limits; undefined; not bounded by proper
exceptions, unconfincd. not restrained.
UNLIMITEDLY, un-llm-it-M-le, adv. Boundless-
ly, without bounds.
UNLINEAL, un-lin-4 al, adj. 113. Not coming
in the order of succession.
To UNLINK, fin-llngk,' v. a. To untwist, to open
UNLIQUIFIED, fin Uk-w^-tlde, adj. Unmeited,
undissolved.
To UNLOAD, &n-lide/ v. a. To disburden, to ex
onerate; to put off any thing burdensome.
To UNLOCK, &n-16k,' v. a. To open what is shut
with a lock.
UNLOOKED-FOR, &n-l6Skt£f5r, adj. Unexpected,
not foreseen.
To UNLOOSE, un-l55se,' v. a. To loose.
our inseparable lire-position wi is alwayt nega
UNM 550 UNN
55Q. Fate 7 3, fAr 77. fall 83, fat 81 — m^ 9:3, m^t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — 116 162, m3ve 164,
live and never intensive, like the Latin la; this word, UNMERCHANTABLE. fin-m£|itshan.ta bl, adj.
though Mip|>orted by f-o.xt authorities, is like » barbarous Unsaleable, not renilible.
redundancy, two negatives.
UNLOVED, fin-lOvd,' adj. 359- Not loved.
UNI.OVKLINESS, fin-l&vM^-n£s, s. Unamiable-
ness. inability to create love.
UNLOVELY, fin-16v'l»*. adj. That cannot excile love.
UNLUCKILY, fin-l&k^e-lti, adv. Unfortunately, by
ill luck.
UNLUCKY, &n-Uik-£, adj. Unfortunate, produc-
ing unhappiness ; unhappy, miserable, subject to fre-
quent misfortunes ; slightly mischievous, mischievously
waspish; ill-omened, inauspicious.
UNLUSTROUS, fin-lfis^trus, adj. Wanting splen-
dour, wanting lustre.
71" UNI.UTE, &n-lute,' v. a.
closed with chymieal cement.
To separate vessels
t " N.M A DK, un-madr,' ailj. Not yet formed, not creat-
ed ; deprived of form or qualities ; omitted to be made.
UNM AIMED, fin-mamd,' adj. Not deprived of any
essential part.
UNMAKABLE, fin-ma-ki-bl, adj. Not possible to
be made.
To UNMAKE, fin-make/ v. a. To deprive of qua-
lities before possessed.
1\> UNMAN, fin-man^ v. a. To deprive of the con-
stituent qualities of a human being, as reason; to emas-
culate : to break into irresolution, to deject.
UNMANAGEABLE, ftn-m&n££-jft-bll adj. Not ma-
nageable, not easily governed.
UNMANAGED, fin-man-ldjd, adj 9O Not bro-
ken by horsemanship; not tutored, not educated.
UNMANLIKE, fin-munMikf, 7 atlj- Unbecoming a
UNMANLY, fin-man-l£, \ man, effeminate.
UN MANNERED, uu-maninfird, adj. Rude, brutal,
umiv;!.
UNMANNERLINESS, &n-man-nur-l£-n£s,*. Breach
of civility.
UNMANNERLY, in-man-n&r-li*, adj. Ill-bred, not
civil.
UNMANURED, un-ma-nfjrd,' adj. Not cultivated.
UNMARKED, fin-maikt,' adj. 359. Not observed,
not regarded.
UNMARRIED, fin-mar-rid, adj. 282. Having no
h ,i-!> '.ml, or no wife.
1 \> UNMASK, fin-mask,' v. a. To strip off a mask ;
to strip off any disguise.
UNMASKED, fin-maskt,' adj. 859. Naked, open to
the view.
UNMASTERABLE, fin-mas-tur-a-bl, adj. Uncon-
queiabic, not to be subdued.
UNMASTERED, fin-masA&rd, adj. Not subdued;
i»r conquerable.
UNMATC-HABLE, fin-mitshia-bl, ad;. Unparallaled,
in. i '(lulled.
UNMATCHED, fin-matsht/ adj. Matchless, having
no match or equal.
UNMEANING, tin-meaning, adj. 410. Express-
ing no meaning.
UNM KANT, 6n-in£nt,' adj. Not intended.
UN-MEASURABLE, fin-m^zhifir-A-bl, adj. Bound-
'.•nbounded.
UNM I ASURED, fin-m£zhi&rd, adj. Immense, in-
finite; not measured, plentiful.
UNMI DOLED, fin-m&Kdld, adj. 359. Not touched,
not altered.
H- This word is Improperly «]>elt both by Johnson
heridan, unmedUd. — See Cortte.
UNM 1:01 FATED. &n-mAW-ia-t&l,arf/. Not formed
by previous thought
UNMI ET, tn-mUtf adj. Not fit, not proper, not
thy.
UN»I El. LOWED, in-m^Ulode, adj. Not fully ri-
pnwd.
:N.\l I.TED. &n-n £lt-£<), adj. Undissolved by heat.
Cii)-a^n-!,l)6nd, adj. Not told,
UNMERCIFUL, fm-iner-^e-ffil, adj. Cruel, severe,
inclement; unconscionable, exorbitant.
UNMERCIFULLY, fin-ni<?r£s^-fu!-^, adv. Without
mercy, without trnderness.
UNMERCIFULNESS, <jn-m£ri.s£-ful n£s, t. Incle-
mency, cruelty.
UNMERITED, fin-m£r-)t-£d, adj. Not deserved,
not obtained otherwise than by favour.
UNMEUITABLE, &n-m£r-lt-&-bl, adj. Having no
desert.
UNMERITEDNF.SS, &n-m^rMt-^d-n^s, *. state of
being undeserved.
UNMILKED, fjn.milkt,' adj. Not milked.
UNMINDED, frn-mind-£d, adj. Not heeded, not
regarded.
UNMINDFUL, fin-mindiful, adj. Not heedful, not
regardful, negligent, inattentive.
To UNMINGI.E. &n-rning£gl, v. a. 5O5. To sepa-
rate things mixed.
UNMINGLED, 6n-ni1ng-gld, adj. S59. Pure,
not vitiated by any thing mingled.
UNMIRY, fin-mUr£, adj. Not fouled with dirt.
UNMITIGATED, in-mlt^-ga-t^d, adj. Not sof-
tened.
UNMIXED,
UNMIXT,
fin-mlkst,' adj. 359.
•ith any thing, pure.
Not mingled
UNMOANEU, fin-mind,' adj. Not lamented.
UNMOIST, 6n-m5ist,' adj. Not wet.
UNMOISTENED, On-m64-siid, adj. 359. Not made
wet.
UNMOLESTED, fin-mo-lest^d, adj. Free from
disturbance.
To UNMOOR, &n-m6or,' v. a. To loose from land,
by taking up the anchors.
UNMORALIZED, &n-m6iia-lizd, adj. Untutored by
morality.
UNMORTGAGED, &n-mor-gadjd, adj. 90. 359.
Not mortgaged.
UNMORTIFIED, &n-moriti-fide, adj. Not subdued
by sorrow and severities.
UNMOVEABLE, &n rnoov£a-bl, adj. Such as can-
not be removed or altered.
UNMOVED, fin-mSovd,' adj. Not put out of one
place into another; not changed in resolution : not af-
fected, not touched with any passion; unaltered by
passion.
U.NMOVING, fin-inoo^vlng, adj. 410. Having no
motion ; having no power to raise the passions, utiaf-
fecting.
To UNMOULD, un-mdld,' v. a. To change as to
the form.— See Mould.
UNMOUHNED, fin-mornd,' adj. Not lamented, not
deplored.
To UNMCFFLE, fin-inuftfl, v. a. To put off a
covering from the face.
To UNMUZZLE, fin-mfizizl, v. a. To loose from
a muzzle.
UNMUSICAL, fin-mfi-z^-kal, adj. Not harmo-
nious, not pleasing by sound.
UNNAMED, fin-namd^ adj. Not mentioned.
UNNATURAL, fin-nat-isliu-ral, adj. Contrary to
the laws of nature ; contrary to the common instincts ;
acting without the affections implanted by nature;
forced, not agreeable to the real state.
UNNATURALNESS, &n-nat-tshii-ral-n£s, *. Con-
trariety to nature.
UNNATURALLY, fin-nat-tslidi-ral-c, adv. In op-
position to nature.
UNNAVIGABLE, 5n-niv^-ga-bl,orf/. Not to be past-
ed by vessels, not to be navigated.
UNNECESSARILY. 6n-n£s-s£s-sa-rd-l«*, adv. With-
out necessity, without need.
U.vNECESSARiNEbS,
Neetlleanes*.
UNP
551
UNP
nSr 167, n&t 163— tube 171, tfih 172, bull 173—511 299— poind SIS— thin 466— THIS 469.
UNNECESSARY, fin-n£s-s£s.sA-r£, adj Needless,
not wanted, useless.
UNNEIGHBOUHLY, ftn-ni-b&r-ld, adj. 249. Not
kind, not suitable to the duties of a neighbour.
UNNERVATE, fin-n^r-vat, adj. 91. Weak, feeble.
To UNNERVE, &n-n£rv/ v. a. To weaken, to en-
feeble.
UNNERVED. in-n£rvd' adj. Weak, feeble.
UNNOBLE, &ll-nA-bl, adj. Mean, ignominious, ig-
noble.
UNNOTED, &n-n6't£d, adj. Not observed, not re-
garded.
UNNUMBERED, Em n&m-bitrd, adj. Innumerable.
UNOBSEQUIOUSNESS, &n-&b-bi-kwtU&s-n£s, s.
Incompliance, disobedience.
UNOBEYED, fin-i-bad-.',' adj. 359. Not obeyed.
UNOBJECTED, &n-ob j^k-t^d, adj. Not charged
as a fault.
UNOBNOXIOUS, &n-ob-nok£sh&s, adj. Not liable,
not exposed to any hurt.
UNOBSERVABLE, &n-5b-z§r-va-bl, adj. Not to be
observed.
UNOBSERVANT, &n-ob-zirivant, adj. Not obse-
quious; not attentive.
UNOBSERVED, &n-&b-z£rvd,' adj. Not regarded,
not attended to.
UNDESERVING, in-6b-z£r-vlng, adj. Inattentive,
not heedful.
UNOBSTRUCTED, &n-ob-str5k-t£d, adj. Not hin-
deied, not stopped.
UNOBSTRUCTIVE, &n-&b-stnik-tlv, adj. Not rais-
ing any obstacle.
UNOBTAINED, &n-ob-tand,' adj. Not gained, not
acquired.
USOBVIOUS, &n-ob£v4-fis, adj. Not readily oc-
curring.
UNOCCUPIED, ftn-ok-ki-plde, adj. Unpossessed.
UNOFFF.RED, &n-6f-f&rd, adj. Not proposed to ac-
ceptance.
UNOFFENDING, &n-6f-f5nd-lng, adj. Harmless,
innocent; sinless, pure from fault.
To UNOIL, fin-oil,' v. a. To free from oil.
UNOPENING, &n 6-pn-Ing, adj. Not opening.
UNOPF.R ATIVE, &n-6p-^r- a-tlv, adj. Producing no
effects.
UNOPPOSED, 5n-5p-pAzd,' adj. Not encountered
by any hostility or obstruction.
UNORDERLY, &n- or-dar-li, adj. Disordered, ir-
regular.
UNOUDINARY, fin-6r-dt*-na-ri, adj. Uncommon,
unusual.
UNORGANIZED, &n-5r-gan izd, ad}. Having no
part instrumental to the nourishment of the rest.
UNORIGINAL, &n-6 rid-j^-nal, 1 ,.
UNORIGINATED, fin-A-rid-je-na-t^d, £
ing no birth, ungenerated.
UNPARALLELED,
d, adj. Not match
ed, not to be matched ; having no equal.
UNPARDONABLE, Uu-pai-dn-a-bl, adj. Irremis-
sible.
UNPARDONABLY, fin-par-dn-a ble, adu. Beyond
forgiveness.
UNPARDONF.D, fin-par-dnd, adj. 359. Not for-
given ; not discharged, not cancelled by a legal pardon.
UNPARDONING, fui-par-dn-lng, adj. 410. Not
forgiving*
UNPARLIAMENTARINESS, fm-par-le-in£nt-a. r£-
n£s, s. Contrariety to the usage or constitution of
parliament
UNPARLIAMENTARY, 6n-pir-le-m«d<Hl.,r^ adj.
Contrary to the rules of parliament.
UXPARTED, frn-par-t£d, adj. Undivided, not se-
parated.
UNTARTIAL, &n-par-shal, adj. Equal, honest.
UNPARTIALLY, &n-parishaU<i, adv. Equally, in.
differently.
UNPASSABLE, &n pis-si- bl, adj. Admitting no
passage.
UNPASSIONATE, &n-pash-fin-at, adj. 91. Free
from passion, calm, impartial.
UNPASSIONATELY, &n-pashi&n-it-l£, adv. With-
out pa>sion.
UNPATHED, &n-paTHd,' adj. Untracked, unmarked
by passage.
UNPAWNED, &n-pJwnd,' adj. Not given to pledge.
UNPEACEABLE, in-p£-sA-l>I, adj. Quarrelsome,
inclined to disturb the tianquillity of others.
To UNPEG, &n-p£g,' V. a. To open any thing closed
with a peg.
UNPENSIONED, &n-p3n-shund, adj. Without a
pension.
To UNPEOPLE, &n-p££-pl, v. a To depopulate,
to deprive of inhabitants.
UNPERCEIVED, fin-p£r-s£vd,' adj. Not observed,
not heeded, not sensibly discovered, not known.
UNPERCEIVEDLY, ftn-p£r-s£-v£d-14, adu. 364.
So as not to be perceived.
UNPERFECT, frn-p£r-f£kt, adj. Incomplete.
U.NTKRFECTNESS, fin-p^r-fekt-nSs, *. Imix-rfec-
tion, incomiileteness.
UNPERFORMED, un-plr-formd,' adj. Undone, not
done. — See Perform.
UNPERISHABLE, &n-p^rilsh-l-bl, adj. Listing to
perpetuity.
UNPERJURED, &n-p£rij&rd, a<lj. Free from perjury.
UNPERPLEXEU, &n-p^r-pl^kst,' adj. Dmentangled,
not embarrassed.
UNPERSPIRABLE, fin-pOr-spl-ri-bl, adj. Not to
be emitted through the (Hires of the skin.
UNPERSUADABLE, un-p£r-swa-d;\-bl, adj. Inex-
rable, not to be persuaded.
UNOWED, &n-6dc/ adj. Having no owner. Out
UNPETRIFIED, in-p^t-tr^-fide, adj. Not turned
mi1 mi until, uti^tntion^i. to stone.
UNORTHODOX, &n-6r-//iA-dSks, adj. Not holding ; UNPIULOSOPHICAL, fin-fil 16 z&W kal, adj.
pure doctrine. Unsuitable to the rules of philosophy or right reason.
UNPHILOSOPHICALLY, frn-t'il-16-zSf-^-kal-ti, adv.
In a inanner contrary to the rules of right reason.
UNPHILOSOPHICALNESS, un-fll-l6-z6fl^-kal-n&,
s. Incongruity with philosophy.
To UNPHILOSOPHIZE, &n-fll-lisis6-flze, v. a.
To degrade from the character of a philosopher.
UNPIERCED, &n-p£rst,' adj. 359. Not penetrated,
not pierced. — See Pierce.
UNPILLARF.D, Cm-pll-lard.ac/;'. Divested of pillars.
UNOWNED, &n-6nd,' adj. Having no owner ; not
ackn
Ttt UNPACK, &n-pSk,' v. a. To disburden, to ex-
oiu-rate; lo open any tiling bound together.
UNPACKED, un-plkt/ adj. 359. Not collected by
unlawful artifices.
UNPAID, ftn-pade,' adj. Not discharged ; not re-
ceiving dues or debts; unpaid for, that for which the UNP1LLOWEO, &n-pil-16de, adj. Wanting a pillow
price is not yet given.
UNPAINED, im-pind/ adj. Suffering no pain.
UNPAI.NFUL, tin-pain-'ful, nrf;. Giving no pain.
UNPALATABLE, &n-j)Al-a-tA-bl, adj. Nauseous,
(ii«gu sting.
UNPARAGONF.D, fin-par-a-gind, adj. Unequalled,
HUUUtdwdi
, ,
To UNPIN, &n-pln£ V. a. To oi«n what is shut oi
fastened with a pin.
UNPINKED, ftn-plnkt/ adj. 359. Not marked with
eyelet holes.
UNP1TIED, &n-plt-t!d, adj. 282. Not compassion*
atud, not regarded with syrnpathelical sorrow.
UNP 552 UNQ
fc> 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81— ml 93, mil 95— pine 105, pin 107— ni 162, mite 164,
UNPITIFULLY, 6n-pIt^-ful-«5, adv. Unmerciful- 1 UNPRETENDING, &n-prt^ t£n-ding, adj. Not
ly, without mercy. claiming any distinctions.
UNPITYING, &n-plt-ti-lng, adj. 410. Having no UNPREVAILING, &n-pn*-va-lihg, adj. Being of
compassion.
UNPLACED, in-plast/ adj. 359. Having no place
of dependence.
UNPLAGUED, fin-plagd,'o<(/. 359. Nottormented.
UNPLANTED, in-plin-t^d, adj. Not planted,
spontaneous.
UNPLAUSIBLE, fin-plSwizi-bl, adj. Not plausi-
ble, not such as has a fair appearance.
UsPLAUSIVE, fin-plaw-slv, adj. Not approving.
UNPLEASANT, &n-pl£z-ant, adj. Not delighting,
troublesome, uneasy.
UNPLEASANTLY , un-pl5z-ant-l£, adv. Not de-
lightfully, uneasily.
UNPLEASANTNESS, fin-pl5ziant-n£s, *. Want of
qualities to give delight.
UNPLEASED, fin-pltizd,' adj. 359.
not delighted.
Not pleased,
UNPLEASING, &n-pl£-z1ng, adj. 410. Offensive,
disgusting, giving no delight.
UNPLIANT, 6n-pll-ant, adj. Not easily bent, not
conforming to the will.
UNPLOUGHED, &n-pl3ud,' adj. Not ploughed.
To UNPLUME, &n plume,' o. a. To strip of plumes,
to degrade.
UNPOETICAL, un-pi-£tit£-kal, 7 _•• ,
UNPOETICK, 6n-pA-*tllk, 509. 5 J'
as becomes a poet.
UNPOLISHED, &n-p61-lsht,' adj. 359. Not smooth-
ed, not brightened by attrition ; not civilized, not re-
fined.
UNPOLITE, fin-pA-llte,' adj. Not elegant, not re-
fined, not civil.
UNPOLLUTED, Jm-p&l-lh-tSd, adj. Not corrupted,
not defiled.
UNPOPULAR, &n-p6pi&-lAr, adj. 88. Not fitted
to please the people.
UNPORTABLE, &n-pArt-a-bl, adj. Not to be carried.
UNSREVENTED, fin-pni-v£nt'£d, adj. Not pre-
viously hindered ; not preceded by any thing.
UNPRINCELY, fin-prins-ld, a-tj. Unsuitable to a
prince.
UNPRINCIPLED, &n.prln-si-pld, adj. 359. Not
settled in tenets or opinions.
55" This word does not mean merely being unsettled
in principles or opinions, but not having, or being void
of, good principles or opinions. It was in this sense that
Dr. Golusmith called Mr. Wilkes, of seditious and infidel
memory. The unprincipled Impostor.
UNPRINTED, fin-printed, adj. Not printed.
UNPRISABLE, fin-prl-za-bl, adj. Not valued, not
of estimation.
UNPRISONED, &n-prlziznd, adj. 359. set free
from confinement.
UNPRIZED, fin-prlzd,' adj. Not valued.
UNPROCLAIMED, ftn-prA-klamd,' aJj. Not noti-
fied by a publick declaration.
UNPROFANED, 6n-pr6 fand,' o .'/. Not violated.
.
UNPROFITABLE, 5n-pr5W-ta-bl, adj.
serving no purpose.
Useless,
UNPOSSESSED, 6n-p&z-z£st,' adj.
obtained.
Not had, not
UNPOSSESSING, in-p5z-z£s-slng, adj. Having no
possession.
UN-PRACTICABLE, fin-prak-ti-ka-bl, adj. Not
feasible.
UNPRACTISED, fin-prak-tlst, adj. Not skilled by
use and experience.
UNPRAISED, &n prazd,' adj. Not celebrated, not
praised.
UNPRECARIOUS, &n-pr£-kaire-&s, adj. Not de-
pendent on another.
UNPRECEDENTED, &n-pr5s£s£-d£n-t§d, adj. Not
justifiable by any example.
To UNPREDICT, fin-pr^-dlkt/ v. a. To retract
prediction.
UNPREFERRED, &n-pr£-flrd,' adj. Not advanced.
UNPREGNANT, &n-pr£ginant, adj. Not prolifick.
UNPREJUDICATE, un-pr^-j&idd-kate, adj. Not
prepossessed by any settled notions.
UNPREJUDICED, in-pr&lijii dlst, adj. Free from
prejudice.
UNPRELATICAL, &n-pr4-lit^-kal, adj. Unsuita-
ble to a prelate.
UNPREMEDITATED, &n-pr£.m&W-ta-t5d, adj.
Not prepared in the-mind beforehand.
UNPREPARED, fin-pr^-pard,' adj. Not fitted by
previous measures ; not made fit for the dreadful mo-
ment of departure.
UN-PREPAREDNESS, &n-prc*-pair$d-n5s, $. 365.
State of being unprepared.
UNPREPOSSESSED, fin-pni-pSz-zest,' adj. Not
prepossessed, not pre-occupied by notions. *
UNPRESSED, &n-pr6st,' a<!j. Not pressed, not en-
forced.
UNPROFITABLENESS, 6n-pr&fi£-ta-bl-n&>, 5.
Uselessness.
UNPROFITABLY, &n-pr5W.ti-bli, adv. Useless-
ly, without advantage.
UNPROFITED, &n-pr6fi]t-5d, adj. Having no gain.
UNPROLIFICK, fin-prd-lil-ik, adj. Barren, not
productive.
UNPRONOUNCED, &n-pr6-n3unst, adj. Not ut-
tered, not spoken.
UNPROPER, &n-pr5piur, adj. 98. Not peculiar.
UNPROPERLY, &n-pr5p-&r-kl, ado. Contrary to
propriety, improperly.
UNPROPITIOUS, un-prA-plslii&s, adj. Not favour
able, inauspicious.
UNPROPORTIONED, un-prA-p6rish5nd, adj. Not
suited to something else.
UNPROPOSED, ftn-pro-pAzd,' adj. Not proposed.
UNPROPPED, in-pr6pt,' adj. 359. Not supported,
not upheld.
UN-PROSPEROUS, &n-pr&s-p&r-6s, adj. Unfortu-
nate, not prosperous.
UNPROSPEROUSLY, fi.n-pr&sip&r-us-l£, adv.
Unsuccessfully.
UNPROTECTED, &n-pr6-t3kU2d, adj. Not pro-
tected, not supported.
UNPROVED, frn-proovd,' adj. Not evinced by ar-
guments.
To UNPROVIDE, fin-pri-vlde/ v. a. To divest of
resolution or qualifications.
UNPROVIDED, 6n-pr6 vi-d^d, adj. Not secured
or qualified by previous measures ; not furnished.
UNPROVOKED, fin-pr6-vokt/ adj. Not provoked.
UNPRUNED, &n-pr6nd,' adj. Not cut, not lopped.
UNPUBUCK, &ll-pfib-llk, adj. Private, not gener-
ally known.
UNPUBLISHED, fin-p&bMlsht,' adj. Secret, un-
known, not given to the publick.
UNPUNISHED, &n-puni!sht, adj. Not punished,
suffered to continue in impunity.
UNPURCHASED, &n-p&r-tshast, adj. Unboughu
UNPURGED, &n-p5rjd,' adj. Not purged.
UNPURIFIED, 6n-p6-r^-fide, adj. 282. Not freed
from recrement, not cleansed from sin.
UNPURSUED, fin-p&r-sijde/ adj. Not pursued.
UNPUTRIFIED, un-pi'tr^-llde, cjdj. Not corrupt-
ed by rottenness.
UNQUALIFIED, &n-kw5W-flde, adj. 282. Not fit.
To UNQUALIFY, &n-kwiW-fl, c. a. To disqua-
lify, to dive*t of qualification.
UNR
653
UNK
nor 167, nit 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pound S13 — */»in 466 — THIS 469.
UNQUARRELABLE, &n-kw5r-rll a-bl, adj. Such
as cannot be impugned.
To UNQUEEN, ftn-kwi*£n,' v. a. To divest of the
dignity of queen.
UNQUENCHABLE, &n-kw£nsh-i-bl, adj. Unex-
tingnishable.
UN-QUENCHED, &n-kw£nsht/ ad;". Not extin-
guished ; not extinguishablc.
UNQUENCHABLENESS, fin-kw5nshia-bl-n£s, *.
Unextinguishableness.
UNQUESTIONABLE, fin-kw5sitshun-a.bl, adj.
*I5. Indubitable, not to be doubted ; such as cannot
bear to be questioned without impatience.
UNQUESTIONABLY, &n-kw£s-tsh&n-a-bl£, adv.
Indubitably, without doubt.
UNQUESTIONED. &n-kw£s-tsh5nd, adj. Notdoubt-
ed, passed without doubt ; indisputable, not to be op-
posed; not interrogated, not examined.
UNQVICK, un-kwlk,' adj. Motionless.
UNQUIET, in-kwU3t, adj. Moved with perpetual
agitation, not calm, not still ; disturbed, full of per-
turbation, not at peace: restless, unsatisfied.
UNQUIETLY, frii-kwU£t-l«i, adv. Without rest.
UNQUIETNKSS, 6n-kwU£t-n£s, s. Want of tran-
quillity; want of peace; restlessness, turbulence ; per-
turbation, uneasiness.
UNRACKED, uti-rlkt/ atlj. Not poured from the lees.
L.N'UAKED, &n-rakt/ adj. Not thrown together and
covered.
UNRANSACKED, &n-ranisAkt, adj. Not pillaged.
Ti> UNRAVEL, &n-rav-vl, v. a. 103. To disen-
tangle, tc extricate, to clear ; to disorder, to throw out
of the present order ; to clear up the intrigue of a play.
UNRAZORED, un-ra-zurd, adj. Unshaven.
UNREACHED, fm-ritsht/ adj. 359. Not attained.
UNREAD, &n-r£d/ adj. Not read, not publickly
pronounced ; untaught, not learned in books.
UNREADINESS, frn-r<kW-n£s, s. Want of readi-
ness, want of promptness; want of preparation.
UNREADY, &n-rdd^, adj. Not prepared, not fit ;
not prompt, not quick ; awkward, ungain.
UNREAL, &n-n*-al, adj. Unsubstantial.
UNREASONABLE, &n r^-zn-a-bl, adj. Exorbitant,
claiming or insisting on more than is fit ; not agree-
able to reason; greater than is fit, immoderate.
UNREASONABLENESS, ?in-r£-zn-i-bl-nSs, s. Ex-
orbitance, excessive demand ; inconsistency with reason.
UNREASONABLY, un-r4-zn-a-bl^, ado. In a man-
ner contrary to reason ; more than enough.
To UNREAVE, un-r^ve,' v. a. To unravel.
UN REBATED, &n-r£-ba-t£d, adj. Not blunted.
UNREBUKABLE, &n-r£-bii-ka-bl, adj. Obnoxious
to no censure.
USRECEIVED, &n-r£-s£vd' adj. Not received.
UNRECLAIMED, un-nJ-klamd/ adj.
not reformed.
Not tamed ;
JNRI.FRESHED, &i)-r£-fr£sht,' adj. Not cheired.
not relieved.
UNREGARDED, &n-r^-gyarid£d, adj. Not heed-
ed, not respected.
UNRECONCILEABLE, &n-r3k-on-sl-la-bl, adj. Not
to be appeased, implacable ; not to be made consistent
with. — Sue Reconcilable.
UNRECONCILED, u.n-rek-&n-sild, adj. Not re-
conciled.
UNRECORDED, un-r£-k3r-d£d, adj. Not kept in
remembrance by publick monuments.
UNRECOUNTED, un-r£-kount^d, adj. Not told,
not related.
UNRECRUITABLE, 6n-r^-kr56t-A-bl, adj. incapa.
b!e of repairing Hie deficiencies of nn army.
L'NRECURING, in-r^-kur-lng, adj. Irremediable.
UNREDUCED, &n-r£-dust,' adj. Not reduced.
UNREGENERATE. fin-re-j^n^i-ate, adj. Not
brought to a new life.
UNREINED, ftn-rand,' adj. 359. Not restrained by
the bridle.
UNRELENTIING, &n-r£-lgnt-!ng, adj. Hard, cme.
feeling no pity.
UNREI.IEVABLE, un-r£-l<^vA-bl, adj. Admitting
no succour.
UNRELIEVED, in-nMc^vd,' adj. Not Euccouredj
not eased.
UNREMARKABLE, &n-r^-marki;\-bl, adj. Not ca-
pable of being observed; not worthy of notice.
UNREMEDIABLE, cm-ie-m<<* A-bl, adj. Admit-
ting no remedy.
UNREMEMBERING, fin-r^-m^mib&r-Iug, adj.
Having no memory.
UNREMEMBRANCE, 6n-r£-m£mibranse, j. For-
getfulness.
UNREMOVABLE, &n-r£-moov£a-bl, adj. Not to
be taken away.
UNREMOVABLY, 6n-r^.m5ovia-bl4, adv. In a
manner that admits no removal.
U.N'REMOVED, fm-r^-moovd,' adj. Not taken away ;
not capable of being removed.
UNREPAID, &n-i4-pade/ adj. Not recompensed,
not compensated.
UNREPEALED,
adj. Not revoked,
not abrogated.
/NREPENTBD, &n-ri-p5nt^d, adj. Not regarded
«f th penitential sorrow.
UNREPENTING, fin-r^ntilng, 7 „ ^ ^
UNREPENTANT, nn-re-pentiant, 3 •
penting, not penitent.
UNREPINING, &.n-re-pi-n1ng, adj. Not peevishly
complaining.
UN REPLENISHED, &n-r£-pl£n-1sht, adj. Not filled.
UNREPRIEVABLE, un-r^-pre(iv-a-bl, adj. Not to
be respited from penal death.
UNREPROACHED, fm-r^-protsht,' adj. Not up-
braided, not censured.
UNREPROVABLE, &n-ri-proovia-bl, adj. Not li-
able to blame.
UNRKPROVED, &n-r<^-pr6ovd/ adj. Not censured ;
not liable to censure.
UNREPUGNANT, 6n-ri-p6g-nant, adj. Not op-
posite.
UNREFUTABLE, &n-r^p'u-ta-bl,nc/;. Not creditable.
UNREQUESTED, &n-re-kw£st^6d, adj. Not asked.
UNRP:QUITABLE, (in-re-kwi-ta-bl, adj. Not to be
retaliated.
UNREQUITED, &n-r£-kwi-t£d, adj. Not compen-
sated for.
UNRESENTED, &n-r^-z§nt-^d, adj. Not regarded
with anger.
UNRESERVED, &n-r^-z£rvd,' adj. Not limited by
any private convenience; open, frank, concealing no-
thing.
UNRESERVEDLY, fin-r£-z£riv£d-lt*, adv. 364.
Without limitation; without concealment, openly.
UNRESERVEDNESS, &n-r^-zer-v£d-n£s, «. 364.
Openness, frankness.
UNRESISTED, 6n-r^-z1s-t^d, adj. Not opposed j re-
sistless, such as cannot be opposed.
UNRESISTING, &n-r£-zis^t!ng, adj. Not opposing,
not making resistance,
UNREFORMABLE, &n-re-forima-bl, adj. Not to UNRESOLVABLE, un-r^-z&Uva-bl, adj. Not to be
be put into a new form. so\ved, insoluble.
UNR 554 UNS
559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m<h 95— pine 105, pin 107 — no 160, nicSve I 64
UNRESPECTIVE, fin-ri-spe:kiilv, adj. Inattentive,
taking little notice.
UNRKST, ftn-r£st,' s. Disquiet, want of tranquillity,
tinquieiness.
UNitF.STORED, fin-ri-stord,' adj.
not cleared from an attainder.
Not restored;
UNIIKSTRAINEU, fin -n* strand,' adj. Not confined;
no: hinilered ; licentious, loose, not limited.
UNRETRACTEO, fin-ri-trak-ted, adj. Not revok-
e.l, not recalled.
UNREVKALED, in-ri v«9d,' adj. Not told, not dis-
eomvd.
UNRKVENGED. fin-re.-v£njd,' adj. Not revenged.
U.VRKVKRKND, &n-r£vi£r-£nd, £ adj. Irreverent,
UN-REVERENT, 6n-r£vi£r-£nt, \ disrespectful.
UNIUIVERENTLY, fin-r£vi4r-5nt-le, adv. Disre-
spcc'fully.
UNRKVKRSED, un-ni-verst,' adj. Not revoked, not
repealed.
UNUKVOKED, fin-re:-v6kt,' adj. 359. Not recalled.
UNREWARDED. in-re.-ward-ed, adj. Not reward-
ed, not recompensed.
To UNRIDDLE. fin-rUMl, v. a. To solve an enig-
ma, to explain a problem.
UNR10ICULOUS, fin-re-dik-u-lfis, adj. Not ridi-
culous.
To UxitlG, fin-rig,' v. a. To MripofT the tackle.
UNRIGHTEOUS, fin-rl-tshti-fis, adj. Uujust, wicked,
sinful, bad.
UNRIGHTEOUSLY, fin-rUtshi-fis-le., adv. Unjust-
ly, wickedly, sinfully.
UNRIGHTEOUSNESS, fin-rlitshe. us-n5s, s. Wick-
edness, injustice.
UNRIGHTKUL, fin-rlteifil, adj. Not rightful, not just.
To L'NRING, fin-ring,' v. a. To deprive of a ring.
To UNRIP, fin-rip,' v. a. To cut open.
£5" Dr. Johnson very justly censures this word as im-
proper, although authorized by Shakespeare, Bacon, Tay-
lor, and Collier ; for, says he", there is no difference be-
tween rip and unrip; therefore the negative particle is of
no force. But to this it may be observed, that the nega-
tive particle is not merely redundant ; it implies something
in opposition to what it in prefixed to; so that to unrip
must signify joining together something that has been
ripixJ , the inseparable preposition un is not like in used
inieusively ; for when we want to enforce the verb to I ip,
we say, to rip up, or to rip open — See Unloose.
UNRIPE, un-ripe," adj. Immature, not fully con-
encted; too early.
UNRIPENED, it -riipnd, adj. 359. Not matured.
UNRIPENESS, &n-ripe£o£s, «. Immaturity, want
lit' ripeness.
UNRIVALLED, fin-riivald, adj. Having no com-
petition ; having no peer or equal.
To UNROL, fin-rAk-,' p. a. 406. To open what is
rolled or convolve I.
UNROMANTICK, fin-r6-man-tlk, adj. Contrary to
romnnce.
To UNROOF, fin-r6of,' v. a. To strip off the roof
or covering of hou.s!>s
UNROOSTED, Cin-roAst^d, adj. Driven from the
r.io t.
To UNROOT, &n-rS5t/ i>. a. To tear from the roots,
to extirpate.
UNHOUGH, fin -r&f? „,/,'. 314. Smooth.
UNHOUNDED, &u-r64nd^d, adj. Not shaped, not
cut to a round.
UNROYAL, an-roei41, ad',. Unprincely, not royal.
To UNRUFKLE, fin-r&r-fl, v. 1t. To cease from
commoiion, or agita ion.
UNRUFFLED, in-ruf-fld, adj. 359. Calm, tranquil,
not tumultuous.
UN-RULED, fin-ridld/ adj. Not directed by any su-
|>etior p.iwer.
UNKULINESS, tiv^MKIA-nfa, *. Turbulence, tu-
multuo
UNRULY, &n-r55'l^, ailj. Turbulent, ungovernable,
licentious
UNSAFE, &n-saf<e' adj. Not secure, hazardous, dan-
Rerous.
UNSAFELY, fin-safe-li, ado. Not securely, danger-
l/ adj. 203. Not uttered, not men-
ously.
UNSAID,
.
UNSALTED, 5n-salt-^d, adj. Not pickled or sea-
soned with salt.
UNSANCTIFIF.D, fin-sAngkiti-fide, adj. Unholy,
not consecrated.
UNSATIABLE, &n-sa-ah(5-l-bl, adj. Not to be sa-
tisfied.
UNSATISFACTORINESS, frn-sit-tls-fik't&r-e-nls,
s. Want of satisfaction.
UNSATISFACTORY, Cm sit-tls-fSk-t&r-<i, adj. Not
Hiving satisfaction.
UNSATISFIEDNESS, in-slt-tls-fide-n^s, $. The
state of not being satisfied.
UNSATISFIED, Cin-sAt-tis-fide, adj. Not contented,
not pleas d.
UNSATISFYING. &n-sitUls-fi-Ing, adj. Unable to
gratify to the full.
UNSAVOURINESS, &n-sa-T&r-£-n£s, s. Bad taste ;
bad smell.
UNSAVOURY, &n-sa-vur-£, adj. Tasteless ; having
a bad taste ; having an ill smell, fetid ; unpleasing, dis-
gusting.
To UNSAY, fin-sa.' v. a. To retract, to recant.
UNSCALY, fin-ska-Iti, aflj. Having no scales.
UNSCARRED, &n-skdrd,' adj. Not marked with
wounds.
UNSCHOLASTICK, &n-sko-lis'tlk, adj. Not bred
to literature.
UNSCHOOLED, un-sk551d,' adj. Uneducated, no«
learned.
UNSCORCHED, &n-skortsht,' adj. 359. Not touch-
ed by fire.
UNSCREENED, &n-ski££nd,' a'tj. Not covered, no
protected.
UNSCRIPTURAL, fin skrip-tshu-ral, adj. Not de-
fensible by scripture.
7'o UNSEAL, un-selt-,' v. a. To open any thing sealed,
UNSEALED, fin-seld,' adj. 359. Wanting a seal ;
having the seal broken.
To UNSEAM, fin-seme,' v. a. To rip, to cut open.
UNSEARCHABLE, un-s6rtsh-a-bl, adj. inscrutable,
not to be explored.
UNSEARCHABLENESS, ftn-s£rtsh'-a-bl-n£s, s. im-
possibility to be explored.
UNSEASONABLE, fin-se^zn-a-bl, adj. Not uutabfe
to time or occasion, unfit, untimely, ill-timed ; not a-
greeable to the time of the year ; la'le, as, an Uuseason-
aule time of night.
UNSEASONABLENESS, £m-seizn-a-bl-n&>, s. Un-
suitableness.
UNSEASONABLY, &n-si-zn-a-bl^, adv. Not sea-
sonably, not agreeable to time or occasion.
UNSEASONED fin-se^znd, adj. 359. Unseasonable,
untimely, ill-timed. Out of use. Unf.;nned, not quali
fiedbyuse: irregular; inordinate; not kept till IK tbi
use ; iiot salted, as, unseasoned meat.
UNSECONDED, ftn-s£k-un-d<y, adj. Not sui>p<>rt-
ed ; not exemplified a second time-
UNSECRET, fin-s^-kilt, a :j. 99. Not close, not trusty.
UNSECURE, un-s^-kurf/ a-ij. Not safe.
UNSEDUCED, un-se-(iu>t,' a:lj. Not drawn to ill.
UNSEEING, un-se^ing, atlj. 410. Wanting the
power of vision.
2'o UNSEEII, fin-seem,' v. ti. Not to seem.
UNSEEMLINESS. Qn-seemUe-n£s, t. Indecency,
iiulemrum, uncomeliness.
UNSEEMLY, &n-seetn-l<i, adj. Indecent, uncome-
ly, unbecoming.
UJNS 555 UNS
n&r 167, n5t 163 — tube 171, tfib 172, bill 173—511 299 — pound 313 — t/tin 466 — THIS -169.
UNSEEN, in-sWn/ adj. Not seen, not discovered;
iivisible, uncliscoverable; unskilled, unexperienced.
UNSELFISH, mi-stHf-lsli, adj. Not addicted to pri-
vate interest.
UNSENT, &n-s£nt,' adj. Not sent; Unsent for, not
called by letter or messenger.
UN-SEPARABLE, un-sep'ar-a-bl, adj. Not to be
parted, not to be divided.
UNSEPARATED, &n s£p-ar-a.t£d, adj. Not parted.
UNSERVICEABLE, &n-s£rivls-a-bl, adj. Useless,
bringing no advantage.
UNSERVICEABLY, un-s3rVls-a-bl£, adv. With-
out u.-e, without advantage.
UNSET, &u-s£t,' adj. Not set, not placed.
To UNSETTLE, &n-s£t'tl, v. a. To make uncer-
tain ; to move from a place ; to overthrow.
UNSETTLED, &n-s<5t-tld, adj. 359. Not fixed in
resolution, not determined, notsteadv; unequable, not
regular, changeable; not established; not fixed in a
place of abode.
UNSETTLEDNESS, &n-s£titld-n£s, $. irresolution,
undetermined state of mind ; uncertainty, fluctuation.
UNSEVERED, &n-s£v-urd, adj.
divided.
Not parted, not
To UNSEX, &n-s£ks,' v. a. To make otherwise
than the sex commonly is.
TV UNSHACKLE, &n-shak-kl, v. a. To loose from
bonds.
UNSHADOWED, un-shid-6de, adj. Not clouded,
n it darkened.
UNSHAKEABLK, fin-shaika-bl, adj. Not subject
to concussion. — See Rtconcilealilc.
UNSHARED, fin-shakt,' adj. Not shaken.
UNSHAKEN, ftn-sha^kn, adj. 103. Not agitated,
not moved ; not subject to concussion ; not weakened
in resolution, not moved.
UNSHAMED, un-shaind,' ad). Not shamed.
UNSHAPEN, un-sha-pn, adj. 103. Bliss-shapen,
deformed.
UNSHARED, fin-shard/ adj. Not partaken, not had
in common.
To UNSHEATH, fin-shch-H,' v. a. 437. To draw
from the scabbard.
UNSHED, un-shM,' adj. Not spilt.
UNSHELTERED, an-sh^Kt&rd, adj. Wanting pro-
tection.
To UNSHIP, &n-shlp,' v. a. To take out of a ship.
UNSHOCKED, tm-shikt,' adj. 359. Not disgusted,
not offended.
UNSHOD, fin-sh&d,' adj. Having no shoes.
UNSHOOK, uii-sh65k,';>ari. adj. Not shaken.
UNSHORN. un-sh6rn,'rK/;'. Not clipped.— See Shorn.
UNSHOT, fin-shit,' part. adj. Not hit by shot.
2V> UNSHOUT, ftii-shS&i,' i>. a. To retract a shout.
UNSHOWEUED, fin-shourd/ adj. Not watered by
showers.
UNSHRINKING, un-shrlngk'ing, adj. Not recoil-
ing.
UNSHUNNABI.E, un-slifinina-bl, adj. Inevitable.
UNSIFTED, un-slft-dd, adj. Not parted by a sieve ;
not tried.
UNSIGHT, fin-site/ adj. Not seeing.
UNSIGHTED. Qn-si-tt5<l, adj. Invisible.
UNSIGHTI.INESS, un-sltcil^-n^s, 4. Deformity,
disagreeableness to the eye.
UNSIGHTLY, un-siu-le, adj. Disagreeable to the
sight.
UNSINCERE, fin-sln-s^ri',' ad). Not hearty, not
faithful ; notgcnume, impure, adulterated ; not sound,
not solid.
UNSINCERITY,
cheat
UNSINKING, I'ln-singk-lng, adj. 410. Not sinking.
UNSINEWED, fin-sln-ude, adj. Nerveless, weak.
UNSINNING, &n-sln-nlng, adj. 410. Impeccable.
UNSCANNED, in skind,' adj. Not measured, not
computed.
UNSKILLED, 6n-skild^ adj. Wanting skill, want-
ing knowledge.
UNSKILFUL, Qn-skll-ful, adj. Wanting art, want-
ing knowledge.
UNSKILFULLY, fin-skIl-ful-4,
knowledge, without art.
adv. Without
UNSKILFULNESS, un-skiliful-n£s, «. Want of art,
want of knowledge.
U.NSLAIN, &n-s!ane/ adj. Not killed.
UNSLAKED, un-siakt,' adj. 359. Not quenched.
—See To Slake.
UNSLEEPING, ftn-slWpilng, adj. Ever wakeful.
UNSLIFPING, 6n-sllp-ing, adj. 410. Not liable to
slip, fast.
UNSMIRCHED, fin-sm^rtsht/ adj. Unpollutwl, not
stained.
UNSMOKF.D, fin-smokt,' adj. 359. Not smoked.
UNSOCIABLE, &n-so-sh4 a-bl, adj. Not kind, not
communicative of good.
UNSOCIABLY, un-so-she-a-b!4, adv. Nut kindly.
UNSOILEI), &n solid,' adj. Not polluted, not taint-
ed, not stained.
UNSOLD, fin-sild,' adj. Not changed for money.
UNSOI.UIERLIKE, Ou-sol-j^r-like, adj. Unbecom-
ing a soldier.
UNSOLID, &n-sol-id, adj. Fluid, not coherent.
UNSOLVED, u\n-s6!vd,' adj. Not solved.
UNSOPHISTICATED, fin so-fis-ttS-ka-ted, adj.
Not adulterated.
UNSORTED, un sort-^d, adj. Not distributed b>
proper separation
UNSOUGHT, un-sawt/ adj. Had without seeking ;
not seareheil.
UNSOUND, fin-sound,' adj. Sickly, wanting health ;
not free from cracks; rotten, corrupted; not ortho-
dox; not honest, not upright; not sincere, not iaith-
ful; erroneous, wrong; not fast under foot.
UNSOUNDFD, Cm-souiid-6d, adj. Not tried by
the plummet.
UNSOUNDXESS, un-sound-nt?s, s. Erroneousncss
of belief, want of orthodoxy ; corruptness of any kind ;
want of strength, want of solidity.
UNSOUHED, ftn-souni/ adj. 359. Not made sour,
not made morose.
UNSOWN, Cin-sone,' adj. Not propagated by scat-
tering >eed.
UXSPARED, Cm-spard,' adj. 359. Not spared.
UNSPARING, Dn-spairing, adj. 410. Not sparing,
not paisimonious.
To L'NSl'EAK, Cni-speke/ v. a. To retract, to re-
cant.
UNSPEAKABLE, &n-spe-kii-bl, adj. Not to be ex-
pressed ; ineftable ; unutterable.
UNSPEAKABLY, fin-spt^-ka-bl^, adv. Inexpressibly,
ineffably.
UNSPECIFIED, fin-sp^^se-fide, adj Not particu-
larly mentioned.
UN-SPECULATIVE, un-spekiii-la-tlv, adj. Not theo.
retical.
UNSPED, fin-sp&l,' adj. Not despatched, not per-
fornud. — See Mistaken.
UNSPENT, un-spt-nt,' adj. Not wasted, not dimin-
ished, not weakened.
To UNSPHERE, un-sfere/ v. u. To move from iu
oib.
Adulteration UNSFIED, un-spidt ,' ar!j. Not discovered, not seen.
'[UNSPII.T, fin-spilt,' adj. 369. Not shed; not
2o UXSINEW, un-sln'a, ?». a To deprive of strength. ' spoiled, not marred.
UNSINGED, Cm-simd/ adj. 359. Not scorched, not IV.UlWiaiTi Cin-splr-It, p. a. To dispirit, to d
touched by fire. ' press, to deject.
uxs
556
L'NT
559. FAte7S, far 77, fall 83, fat 81— mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m3ve 164,
UNSPOILED, un-sp51ld,' adj. Not plundered, not
pillaged ; not marred.
UNSPOTTED, fin-sp&t-tW, af(j. Not marked with
any stain ; immaculate, not tainted with guilt.
UNSQUARED, in-skward,' adj. 359. Not formed,
irregul ir.
UNSTABLE, fin-staibl, adj. Not fixed, not fast ; in-
constant, irresolute.
UNSTAID, fin-stide,' adj. Not cool, not prudent,
not settled into discretion, not steady, mutable.
UNSTAIDNESS, &n-stade-n£s, s. indiscretion, vo-
latile mind.
UNSTAINED, fin-stand,' adj. Not lUined, not died,
not discoloured.
UNSTANCHED, fin-stansht, adj. 215. Not stop-
ped, not stayed.
JO" Dr. Johnson has spelt the simple of this word
ttanch, and the compound vnstauncfied. Mr. Sheridan
has followed him in this oversight; but it ought to be
observed, that as the word conies from i he French estan-
clier, neither of these words should be written wi.h u.
To UNSTATE, in-state,' v. a To put out of state.
UNSTATUTABLE, fin-stititshfi-ti-bl, adj. Con-
trary to statute.
UNSTEADFAST, fin-st£difast, adj. Not fixed, not
fast , net resolute.
UNSTEADILY, &!»-•&&}£-)£, adv. Without any
certainty ; inconstantly, not consistently.
UNSTEADINESS, fin-st£d-<i«*-n&>, s. Want of con-
stancy, irresolution, mutability.
UNSTEADY, fin-st4d'd£, adj. Inconstant, irresolute,
mutable, variable, changeable; not fixe.), not settled.
UNSTEEPED, fin-st&pt,' adj. 359. Not soaked.
To UNSTING, fin-sting,' v. a. To disarm of a sting.
UNSTINTED, fin-stinted, adj. Not limited.
UNSTIRRED, fin-stfird," adj. Not stirred, not agi-
tated.
To UNSTITCH, fin-stltsh,' v. a. To open by pick-
ing the stitches.
U.VSTOOPING, fin-stSopiing, adj. Not bending,
not yielding.
To UNSTOP, fin-stip,' v. a. To free from stop or
obstruction.
UNSTOPPED, fin-stSpt,' adj. Meeting no resistance.
UNSTRAINED, fin-strand,' adj. Easy, not forced.
UNSTRAITENED, fin-stri-tnd, adj. 359. Not con-
tracted.
UNSTRENGTHENED, fin-str3ngi//jnd, adj. 359.
Not supported, not assisted.
To UNSTRING, fin-string,' t>. a. To relax any thing
strung, to deprive of strings ; to loose, to untie.
U'NSTRUCK, fin-strfik,' adj. Not moved, not affected.
UNSTUDIED, fin-stud^id, adj. 282. Not premedi-
tated, not laboured.
UNSTUFFED, fin-stfift,' adj. 359. Unfilled, unfur-
nished.
UNSUBSTANTIAL, fin-sfib-stanisliil, adj. Not
solid, not palpable ; not real
UNSUCCEEDED, fin-sfik-see^d, adj. Not suc-
ceeded.
UNSUCCESSFUL, &n-s&k-s£siful, adj. Not having
the wished event
UNSUCCESSFULLY, fin-s&k-s&sifuW, adv. Un-
fortunately, without success.
UNSUCCESSFULNESS, fin-s&k-s£sif&l-n&, *. Want
of success.
UNSUCCESSIVE, fin-sfik-sls^slv, adj. Not proceed-
ing by flux of parts.
UNSUCKED, fin-s&kt,' adj. 359. Not having the
breasts drawn.
UNSUFFERABLE, fin-sfif-ffir-a-bl, adj. Not .up-
portable, intolerable.
U.VSUFFICIENCE, fin-sfif-fyiignse, adj. Inability
to answer the end proposed.
GNWmOKMT, fin-sCU-fi»lii3nt, adj. Unable, ia-
aueu.uace.
UNSUGARCI), fin-shfig-fird, adj. 359. Not sweet-
ened with sugar.
UNSUITABLE, fin-sfiiti-bl, adj. Not congruous,
not equal, not proportionate.
UN-SUITABLENESS, &n-su-ta-bl-nls, t. Incongrui.
ty, unfitness.
UNSUITING, fin-sating, adj. 410. Not fitting,
not becoming.
UNSULLIED, fin-s&l'lld, adj. 282. Not fouled,
not disgraced, pure.
UNSUNG, fin-s&ng,' adj. Not celebrated in ver.-e,
not recited in verse.
UNSUNNED, fin-sfind,' adj. 359. Not exposed to
the sun.
UN-SUPERFLUOUS, fin-sii p£r-flfi-fis, adj. Not
more than enough.
UNSUPPLANTED, fin-sfip-plant^d, adj. Not
forred, or thrown from under that which supports it;
not defeated by stratagem.
UNSUPPORTABLE, fin-s&p-pirtia-bl, adj. Into-
lerable, such as cannot be endured.
UNSUPPORTED, fin-sup-port^d, adj. Not sus-
tained, not held up ; not assisted.
UNSURE, fin- sh fire,' adj. Not certain.
UNSURMOUNTABLE, &n.sfir-mouut-a-bl, adj. N'ot
to be overcome.
UNSUSCEPTIBLE, fin-s&s-s5pit£-bl, adj. Incapable,
not liable to admit.
UNSUSPECT, fin-sfis-p^kt/
UNSUSPECTED, fin-sas-p^kitW,
sidered as likely to do or mean 111.
UNSUSPECTING, un-sfis p^k-tlng, adj. Not ima-
gining that any ill is designed.
UNSUSPICIOUS, fin-sfis-plsh-fis, adj. Having no
suspicion.
UNSUSTAINEU, fin-s&s-tand,' adj. Not supported,
not held up.
UNSWAYABLE, fin-swa^a-bl, adj. Not to be go-
verned or iiitluenced by another.
UNSWAYED, fin-swade,' adj. Not wielded.
To UNSWEAR, fin-sware,' v. n. Not to swear, to
recant any thing sworn.
To UNSWEAT, fin-sw$t/ v. a. To ease arter fa-
tigue; to cool after exercise.
UNSWORN, fin-sworn,' adj. Not bound by an oath.
UNTAINTED, fin-tantied, adj. Not sullied, not pol-
luted ; not charged with any crime ; not corrupted by
mixture.
UNTAKEN, fin-ta^kn, adj. Not taken.
UNTALKED-OF, fin-tawkt^iv, adj. Not mentioned
in the world.
UNTAMEABLE, fin-taima- bl, adj. Not to be tamed,
not to be subdued.
JK5" Dr. Johnson inserts the silent e after m both in thij
word and its simple tamenUe; but in Uamaite and un-
blamable, omits it. Mr. Sheridan has followed him in the
two first words; but though he inserts the e in blanubte,
he leaves it out in unblamable. In my opinion the silent
e ought to be omitted in all these words. For the reasons,
see Preliminary Observations to the Rhyming Dictionary,
page xiii — See also the word ReconcUeabte.
UNTAMED, fin-tlmd,' adj. 359. Not subdued,
not suppressed.
To UNTANGLE, an-i&ng-gl, v. a. 405. To loose
from intricacy or convolution.
UNTASTED, fin-tas-t£d, adj. Not tasted, not tried
by the palate.
UNTASTING, fin-tas-ting, adj. 4 1 0. Not perceiv-
ing any taste ; not trying by the palate.
UNTAUGHT, fin-tawt,' adj. Uninstructed, unedu-
cated, ignorant, unlettered ; debarred from instruction ;
unskilled, new, not having use or practice.
To UNTEACH, fin-tetsh,' v. a. To make to quit,
to forget what has been inculcated.
UNTEMPERED, fin.t£m-purd, adj. Not tempered.
UNTEMPTED, fin-t£mt-£d, adj. Not embarrassed
oy letnptaiiou • not invited by any thing alluring.
UNT
557
UNV
nor 167, nit 163 — tibe 171, tub 172, bull 17:} — oil 299 — po'ind 313 — t/i'<n 4G6 — THIS 469.
Awkward,
UNTENABLE, fin-t£n-a-bl, adj. Not to be held in
possession ; not capable of defence. — See TenaUe.
UNTENANTKD, un-t£n-aiH-ed, adj. Having no
tenant.
UNTENDED, 6n t^nd-ed adj. Not having any at-
tendance.
UNTENDER, iin-t^n^d&r, adj. 98. Wanting soft-
ness, wanting affection.
UNTENDEKED, &n-t^nd-&rd, adj. Not offered.
To UNTENT, fin-tfint' ». a. To bring out of a tent.
UNTENTED, &n-tt^nt-£d, adj. Having no medica-
ments applied.
UNTERRIFIED, an-t£r£r&-fide, adj. 359. Not af-
frighted, not struck with fear.
UNTHANKED, &n-Mlnakt^ adj. Not repaired with
acknowledgment of a kindness; not received with
thankfulness.
UNTHANKFUL, ftn-iA&ngk-f&l, adj. Ungrateful,
returning no acknowledgment
UNTHANKFULLY, fin-///angk-f'&l-£, adv. Without
thanks.
UNTHANKFULNESS, uiW/iangk£ful-n£s, $. Want
of thankfulness.
UNTHAWED, fin-lAawd,' adj. Not dissolved after
frost.
To Us'THINK, fin-Mlllgk,' v. a. To recall, or dis-
miss a thought.
UNTHINKING, fin-//dngk-ing, adj. Thoughtless,
not given to reflection.
UNTHORNY, iin-tk&r'-n&, adj. Not obstructed by
prickles.
UNTHOUGHT-OF, Zm.£/jawt-6v, adj. Not regard-
ed, not heeded.
To UNTHKEAU, bn-tkr&il; v. a. To loose.
UNTHUEATENEU, &n-j/jr£t-tnd, adj. 359. Not
menaced.
UNTHRIFT, fin-JArlft,'.?. An extravagant, a prodigal.
UNTHllirni.Y, &n-/Ar'if-te-l<l, atlv. Without fru-
gality.
UNTHRIFTY, Zm-iArlfitA, adj. Prodigal, profuse,
lavish, wasteful ; not easily made to thrive or fatten.
UNTHIUVING, &n-<Ari-vlng, adj. Not thriving,
not prospering.
To UNTHRONE, firwArone,' v. a. To pull down
from the throne.
UNTIDY, &n-ti-<l£, adj. Reverse of Tidy. A col-
loquial word. — See Tidy.
To UNTIE, iin-tr,' v. a. To unbind, to free from
bonds; to loosen from convolution or knot ; to set free
from any objection ; to resolve, to clear.
UNTIED, un tide,'«rf/. 282. Not bound, not gather-
ed in a knot ; not fastened by any binding or knot.
UNTIL, fin-til,' crrfi'. To the time that; to the place that.
UNTILLED, fin-tilld,' «</?'. 359. Not cultivated.
UNTIMBERED, fin-dm'bfird, adj. Not furnished
with timber, weak.
UNTIMELY, &ii-time-l£, adj. Happening before the
natural time.
UNTIMELY, fin-time-l£, adv. Before the natural
time.
UNTINGED. &n-tlnjd,/ adj. Not stained, not dis-
coloured ; not infected.
UNTIRABLE, fin-ti'ra bl, adj. Indefatigable, un-
wearied.
UNTIKF.D, fin-tlrd,' adj. 282. Not made weary.
UNTITLF.D. fin-tU>tld, adj. 359. Having no title.
UNTO, uii^too. prep. To. It was the old word for
To, now obsolete.
UNTOLD, un-told,' adj. Not related; not revealed.
UNTOUCHED, ftn-tfitsht/ adj. 359. Not touched,
not reached; not moved, not affected; not meddled
with.
UNTOWARD, fin-to-wfird, adj. Froward, perverse,
vexatious, not easily guided or tauglit ; awkward, un
graceful.
Not trod-
UNTOWARDLY, fin-t6-wfird-l<J, adj.
perverse, froward.
UNTRACKABLE, fin-tra-sS \>\,adj. Not to be traced.
UNTRACED, fin-trast,' adj. Not marked by any
footsteps.
UNTR ACTABLE, ftn-trak'-ti bl, adj. Not yielding
tocommon measures and management ; rough, difficult.
UNTRACTABLENESS, ftn-trttk-tu.bl-n£s, s. state
of being untractable.
UNTRADING, fin-tra-dlng, adj. 410. Not engag-
ed in commerce.
UNTRAINED, fin-trand,' adj. Not educated, not in-
structed, not disciplined ; irregular, ungovernable.
UNTRANSFERRABLE, fin-traus-f^r-a-bl, adj. In-
capable of being transferred.
UNTRANSPARENT, fin-trans-pairent, adj. Not
diaphanous, opaque.
UNTRAVELLED, fin-trav-ild, adj. Never trodden
by passengers ; having never seen foreign countries.
To UNTUEAD, un-tred,' v. a. To tread back, to go
back in the same steps.
UNTREASURED, fin-tr£zh-urd, adj. Not laid up,
not reposited.
UNTREATABLE, fin-tr^-tA -bl, adj. Not treatable,
not practicable.
UNTRIED, fin-tride,' adj. 282. Not yet attempted ;
not yet experienced ; not having passed trial.
UNTRIUMPHABLE, frn-tri-&mt'-a-bl, adj. Which
allows no triumph.
UNTROD, &n-tr&d,'
UNTRODDEN, ftn-trididn, 103.
den, not marked by the foot.
UNTROLLED, un-trold/ adj. Not bowled, not rolled
along.
UNTROUBLED, &n-tr&W-bld, adj. 405. Not dis-
turbed by care, sorrow, or guilt; not agitated, not con-
fused ; not interrupted in the natural course ; trans-
parent, clear.
UNTRUE, un-trSS,' adj. 339. False ; contrary to
reality ; false, not faithful.
UNTRULY, Sn-troo-l^, adv. Falsely, not according
to truth.
UNTRUSTINESS, &n-tr&s£t£-n£s, s Unfaithfulness.
UNTRUTH, &n-tr66<A,/ s. Falsehood, contrariety to
reality; moral falsehood, not veracity; treachery,
want of fidelity ; false assertion.
UNTUNABLE, fin-tu-nl-bl, adj.. Un harmonious,
not musical.
To UNTUNE, &n-t&ne,' f. a. To make incapable
of harmony ; to disorder.
UNTURNED, fin-tftrnd,' adj. Not turned.
UNTUTORED, fin-tu-turd, adj. 359. Uninstructed,
untaught.
To UNTWINE, fin-twine,' v. a. To open what ii
held together by convolution ; to open what is wrapped
on itself; to separate that which clasps round any thing.
To UNTWIST. &n- twist,' J>. a. To separate any thing
involved in each other, or wrapped up on themselves.
To UNTY, fin-tl/ v. a. — See Untie.
To UNVAIL, &n-vale,' v. a. To uncover, to strip
of a veil.
UN VALUABLE, &n-val-ii-a-bl, adj. Inestimable,
being above price.
UNVALUED, fin-vaU&de, adj. Not prized, neglect-
ed ; inestimable, above price.
UNVANQUISHED, &n-vaiig-kw!sht, adj. Not con-
quered, not overcome.
UNVARIABLE, fin-va-rii-a-bl, adj. Not changeable,
not mutable.
UNVARIED, &n-va-rld, adj. 282. Not changed,
not diversified.
UNVARNISHED, ftn-var-nlsht, adj. Not overlaid
with varnish; not adorned, not decorated.
UNVARYING, &n-va-r<i-ing, adj. 410. Not liable
to change.
2'o U.N VEIL, fin-vale,' v. a. To disclose, to ehuw
3 H
UNW 558 UNW
559. Fate 73, f*r 77, fall 83, fat 81 — ml 93, mlt 95— pine 105, pin 107— n6 162, m3ve 164,
UNVKILEDLY, &n-vAi]&l-li, adv. 104. Plainly,
without disguise.
UNVRNTILATF.D, fin-v£nit£-la-ted, adj. Not
fanned by the wind.
UNVERITABLE, fin-v£r^-ti-bl, adj. Not true
UNVERSED, fin-v£rst/ adj. 359.
unskilled.
Unacquainted,
UNVEXED, fin-v£kst/ adj. 359. Untroubled, un-
disturbed.
UNVIOLATED, fin-vKA-la-t&l, adj. Not injured,
not broken.
UNVIRTUOUS, fin-v5r-tshfi-fis, adj. Wanting vir-
tue.
UNVISITED, fin-vlz-lt-£d, adj. Not resorted to.
UNUNIFORM, fin-yfi-nd-ffirm, adj. Wanting uni-
formity.
UNVOYAGEABLE, fin-v5<*-a-ja-bl, adj. Not to be
passed over or voyaged.
UNURGED, fin-firjd,' adj. 359. Not incited, not
pressed.
UNUSED, ftn-dizd,' adj. 359. Not put to use, un-
employed ; not accustomed.
UNUSEFUL, in-hse-ful, adj. Useless, serving no
purpose.
UNUSUAL, fin-fi-zhfi-al, adj. 456. Not common,
not frequent, rare.
UNUSUALNESS, fin-fi-zhfi-al-n3s, «. Uncommon-
nets, infrequency.
UNUTTERABLE, fin-fit-tfir-a-bl, adj. Ineffable,
inexpressible.
UNVULNERABLE, fin-vfil-nir-a-bl, aitj. Exempt
from wound, not vulnerable.
UNWAKENED, fin-wa-knd, adj. 103. 359. Not
roused from sleep.
UNWALLED, fin-wawld,' adj. Having no walls.
UNWARES, fin-warz,' adv. Unexpectedly, before
any caution.
UNWARILY, fin-wa-r^-1^, adv. Without caution,
carelessly.
UNWARINESS, un-wa-n*-n3s, *. Want of caution,
carelessness.
UNWARLIKE, fin-warlike, adj. Not fit for war,
not used to war.
UNWARNED, fin-warnd,' adj. 359. Not caution-
ed, not made «ary.
UNWARRANTABLE, fin-w5r-ran-ti bl, adj. Not
to be justified.
UNWARRANTABLY, fin-w5riran-ta-ble, adj. Un-
justifiably.
UNWARRANTED, fin-w6r£ran-t3d, adj. Not
certained, uncertain.
UNWARY, fin-wa-ri, adj. Wanting caution, im-
prudent, hasty, precipitate; unexpected.
UNWASHED, un-wis!it,' adj. Not washed, not
cleansed by washing.
UNWASTED, fin-wa-stM, adj. Not consumed, not
diminished.
UNWASTING, fin-wa-stlng, adj. 410. Not grow-
ing less.
U.MWAYED, fin-wade,' adj. Not used to travel,
UNWEAKENED, un-w<i-kiid, adj. 103. 359. Not
weakened.
UNWEAPONED, fin-wgp-pnd, adj. 103.359. Not
furnished with offensive arms.
UNWKAIUABLE, fin-w^-rti-a-bl, adj. Not to be
tired.
UNWEARIED, fin-we-rld, adj. 282. Not tired,
not fatigued ; indefatigable, continual, not to be spent.
To U.VWEARY, fin-w^-r4, v. a. To refresh after
weariness.
UNWED, fin-w<kl,' adj. Unmarried.
UNWEDGEABLE, fin-\r£d-ja-bl, adj. Not to be
cloven.
UNWKEDED, Sn-wWd-cd, adj. Not cleared fiom
weeds.
UNWEEPED, fin-wWpt,' adj. 370. Not lamented.
Now Unwept.
UNWEETING, in-wW-tlng, adj. 41O. Ignorant,
unknowing.
QNWEIGHED, &n-wade' adj. Not examined by the
balance; not considered, negligent.
UNWEiGHlNG, in-wa-ing, adj. 410. Inconsider-
ate, thoughtless
UNWELCOME, &n-w£l-kfim, adj. Kot pleasing,
not grateful.
UNWELL, fin-w^l,' adj. Not in perfect health.
g^- This word has very properly been added to John-
son by Mr. Mason, who quotes for it the authority of
Lord Chesterfield. Its real use, however, is a sufficient
authority, for it expresses a state of body but too com-
mon, that of being neither well nor ill, but between both.
If I remember rightly, the first time 1 heard this word
was in Ireland; and 1 have ever since admired the pro-
priety of it.
UNWEPT, fin-wSpt,' adj. Not lamented, not be-
moaned.
UNWET, fin-w^t,' adj. Not moist.
UNWHIPT, fin-hwipt/ adj. 359. Not punished,
not corrected.
UNWHOLESOME, &n-hw&le-s&m, adj. insalubri-
ous, mischievous to health ; corrupt, tainted.
UNWIELDILY, fin-we^l^d^-l^, adv. Heavily, with
difficult motion.
UNWIELDINESS, &n-wWl-d£-n£s, adj. Heaviness,
difficulty to move, or be moved.
UNWIELDY,
adj. Unmanageable, not
easily moving or moved, bulky, weighty, ponderous.
UNWILLING, &n-wil-ling, adj. 410. Loath, not
contented, not inclined, not complying by incliuHtion.
UNWILLINGLY, fin-wil-llng-14, adv. Not with
good will, not without louthness.
UNWILLINGNESS, frn-wll-ling- n£s, s. Loathness,
disinclination.
To UNWIND, fin-wind, v. a. Pret . and part. pass.
Unwound. To separate any thing convolved, to un-
twist, tounlwine; to disentangle, to loose from en-
tanglement.
To UNWIND, in-wind,' v. n. To admit evolution.
UNWIPED, &n-wlpt/ adj. 359. Not cleaned.
UNWISE, &n-wlze/ adj. Weak, defective in wisdom.
UNWISELY, &n-wize-l£, adv. Weakly, not pru-
dently, not wisely.
To UNWISH, fin-wish,' v. a. To wish that which
is, not to be.
UNWISHED, fin-wlslit,' adj. 359. Not sought, not
desired.
To UN.WJT, fin-wit,' v. a.
standing.
To deprive of under
UNWITHDRAWING, fin-wiTH-draw^Ing, adj
Continually liberal.
UNWITHERING, fin-wiTH-^r-lng, adj. Not liable
to wither or fade.
UNWITHSTOOl), tin-wiTH-stud,' adj. Not opposed.
UNWITNESSED, fin-wit-nest, adj. Wanting evi-
dence, wanting notice.
UNWITTINGLY, fin-wlt'tlng-le, adv. Without
knowledge, without consciousness.
UNWONTED, fin-wun-tM, adj. Uncommon, unu-
sual, rare, infrequent; unaccustomed, unused.
UNWOOED, fin-wood,' adj. Not wooed, not courted.
UNWORKING, fin-wCirk-lng, adj. Living without
labour.
UNWORSHIPPED, un-wur-shlpt, adj. Not adored.
JJ^j" This word ought to be written with one p only.—
See Dr. Lowth's Grammar at Participle.
UNWORTHILY, ba-w&i&THe-le, adv. Not accord-
ing to desert.
UNWORTHINESS, fin-wfir-TH^-n&f, s. Want of
worth, want of merit.
UNWORTHY, fin-w&r-TH^, adj. Not deserving,
wanting merit; mean; not suitable, not adequate; un-
becoming, vile.
UPO
559
URG
n<3r 167, nit 163— tube 171, t&b 172, bull 173—511 299 — po&nd 313— t/iin 466 — THIS 469.
UNWOUND, ftn-wSund,' Participle passive a.n& ]ire-
tfrit of Unwind. Untwisted.
U.v WOUNDED, fin-w&6nid&],' adj. Not wounded,
not hurt.
T<> UNWREATH, fin-rexH,' v. a. To untwine.
UNWRITING, fin-rioting, adj. 410. Not assuming
the character of an author.
UNWRITTEN, &n-rit-tn, adj. 1O3. Not conveyed
by writing, oral, traditional.
UNWROUGHT, fin-rawt,' adj. Not laboured, not
manufactured.
UNWRUNG, ftn-rfing' adj. Not pinched.
UNYIELDED, ftn-yWld^d, adj. Not given up.
UNYIELDING, ftn-yWl-dlng, adj. Not giving place
as inferior.
To UNYOKE, ftn-yoke,' v. a. To loose from the
yoke ; to part, to disjoin.
UNYOKED, ftn-y6kt,' adj. 359. Having never worn
a yoke; licentious, unrestrained.
UNXONED, &n-zond,' adj. 359. Not bound with a
girdle.
UP, ftp, adv. Aloft, on high, not down ; out of bed,
in the state of being risen from rest ; in the state of be-
ing risen from a seat ; from a state of decumbiture or
concealment ; in a state of being built ; above the hori-
zon; to a state of advancement; in a state of climbing;
in a state of insurrection ; in a state of being increased
or raised ; from a remoter place, coming to any person
or place; from younger to elder years ; Up and down,
dispersedly, here and there ; backward and forward ;
Up to, to an equal height with; adequately to ; Up
with, a phrase that signifies the act of raising any thing
to give a blow.
UP, ftp, inter). A word exhorting to rise from bed ;
a word of exhortation exciting or rousing to action.
UP. ftp, prep. From a lower to a higher part, not
down.
7') UPBEAR, ftp-bare,' v. a. Fret. Upbore ; part.
past. Upborne. To sustain aloft, to support in eleva-
tion ; to raise aloft ; to support from failing.
To UPBRAID, ftp-bradf,' t>. a. 202. To charge
contemptuously with any thing disgraceful ; to object
as a matter of reproach ; to urge with reproach ; to re-
proach on account of a l>enclit received from the re-
proacher; to treat with contempt.
UPBRAIDINGLY, ftp-bra-ding-lt*, adv. By way of
reproach.
L'PBIIOUGHT, up-bravrt,' part. pass, of Upbring.
Educated, nurtured.
UPCAST, up-kast,' part. adj. 492. Thrown up-
wards.
UPCAST, ftp-least, s. 497. A term of bowling, a
throw, a cast.
UPHELD, &p-h£ld,' pret. and part. pass, of Up-
hold. Maintained, sustained.
UPHILL, ftp-lull, adj. Difficult, like the labour of
climbing a hill.
To UPHOARD, ftp-hord,' v. a. 295. To treasure,
to store, to accumulate in private places.
To UPHOLD, ftp-hold,' v. a. 497. Pret. Upheld ;
and part. paw. Upheld and Upholder). To lift on high ;
to support, to sustain, to keep from falling ; to kef p
from declension ; to support i n any state of lite; to con-
tinue, to keep from defeat ; to continue without failing.
UPHOLDER, &p-h6ld-ftr, s. 98 A supporter; an
undertaker, one who provides for funerals.
UPHOLSTERER, up-liols-tur-ur, 5. One who i'nr-
ni>hes houses, one who fits up apartments with beds
and furniture.
UPLAND, ftp-land, s. Higher ground.
UPLAND, ftp-land, adj. Higher in situation.
UPLANDISH, fip-land-Ish, adj. Mountainous, in-
huDiting mountains.
Tt> UPLAY, ftp-la,' v. a. To hoard, to lay up.
To UPLIFT, ftp-lift,' v. a. 497. To raise aloft.
UPMOST, fipimost, adj. Highest, topmost.
UPON, ftp-pon^ prep. Not under, noting being on
the top or ouUidc ; tluown over the body, as clothes;
by way of imprecation or infliction, it expresses obtes-
tation or protestation ; in immediate consequence of;
with respect to; noting a particular day ; noting reli-
ance or trust; near to, noting situation; on pain of ;
by inference from ; exactly, according to ; by, noting
the means of support.
UPPER, ftp-p&r, adj. 98. Superior in place, higher ;
higher in power.
UPPERMOST, ftp-p&r-mAst, adj. Highest in place ;
highest in power or authority; predominant, most
powerful.
UPPISH, ftpiplsh, adj. Proud, arrogant.
To UPRAISE, ftp-raze,' v. a. 202. To raise up,
to exalt.
To UPREAR, &p-r£re,' v. a. 227. To rear on high.
UPRIGHT, ftp^rlte, adj. 393. Straight up, perpen-
dicularly erect ; erected, pricked up ; honest, not de-
clining from the right.
UPRIGHTLY, &p-rite-l£, adv. Perpendicularty to
the horizon; honestly, withoiu; deviation from the
right; without bias, in judgment.
UPRIGHTNESS, fip-rlte-nes, s. Perpendicular erec-
tion ; honesty, integrity.
To UPRISE, ftp-rlze,' v. n. 492. To rise from de-
cumbiture ; to rise from below the horizon ; to rise
with activity.
UPRISE, ftp-rlze, s. 497. Appearance above the
horizon.
UPROAR, fip-rore, S. 295. Tumult, bustle, distur-
bance, confusion.
To UPROAR, ftp-rore,' v. a. 497. To throw into
confusion.
To UPROOT, ftp-rdot,' v. a. 306. To tear up by
the root.
To UPROUSE, ftp-rSuze,' v. a. To waken from
sleep, to excite to action.
To UPSET, fep-s£t,' v. a. To overturn ; to over-
throw : a low word.
UPSHOT, &p-sh6t, s. 497. Conclusion, end, last a-
mount, final event.
UPSIDE-DOWN, ftp-slde-doun,' An adverbial form
of speech,
order.
With a total reversement, in complete dis-
To UPSTAND, ftp-stand,' v. n. 497. To be erect.
To UPSTAY, ftp-sta,' v. a. To sustain, to support.
To UPSTART, ftp-start,' v. n. 497. To spring up
suddenly.
UPSTART, ftp-start, 5. One suddenly raised to wealth
or power.
To UPSWARM, ftp- swarm,' v. a. To raise in a
swarm.
To UPTURN, ftp-tfirn,' v. a. 497. To throw up,
to furrow.
UPWARD, ftpiwurd, adj. 497. Directed to a higher
part.
UPWARDS, fip-wiirdz, adv. 88. Towards a higher
place ; towards heaven and God ; with respect to the
higher part ; more than, with tendency to a higher or
greater number ; towards the source.
URBANITY, fir-ban-e-t4, s. Civility, elegance, po-
liteness ; facetiousness.
URCHIN, ftritshln, s. 353. A hedge-hog; name of
slight anger to a child.
URETER, yu-rt*-tftr, .?. 98. Ureters are Iwo long
and small canals from the basin of the kidneys, onern
each side. Their use is to carry the urine from the
kidneys to the bladder.
URETHRA, yft-re-</*ra, s. 503. The passage of the
urine.
To UuGE, ftrje, v. a. To incite, to push ; to pro-
voke, to exasperate ; to follow close so as. to impel, to
press, to enforce; to importune; to solicit.
URGENCY, &r-j£n-s4 s. Pressure of difficulty.
URGENT, ftr-jent, adj. Cogent, pressing, violent ;
importunate, vehement in solicitation.
URGENTLY, &rij£nt !<*, adv. Cogently, violently
vi hcii.ently, importunately.
URGEH, ftrijftr, t. 98. One who presses.
UTI
563
VAC
R5- 559. File 73, tor 77, &II 83, flit 81 — mt* 93, m<*t 95— pine 1O5, pin 1O7 — n<i I 6~2, mivo 191,
L'lll.s'AL, yft-ri-nal. s. 8. A bottle in which water
i< kept for inspection.
I'lUNAUY, yu-ro-nA-r^, adj. Relating to the urine.
URINE, y&'rln, ». 14O. Animal water.
URIXOUS, ytl-rin-fis, adj. Partaking or urine.
URN, firn, s. Any vessel, of which the mouth, is
narrower than the body; a water-pot; the vessel in
which the remains of burnt bodies were put.
Us, 6s. The oblique case of We.
USAGE, y&-*l<lje, s. 90. 442. Treatment, custom ;
practice long continued ; manners, behaviour.
USANCE. yu-zAnse, *. 442. Use, proper employ-
ment ; usury ; interest paid for money.
USE, vise, *. 8. 437. The act of employing any
thing to any purpose ; qualities that make a thing pro-
per for any purpose; need of, occasion on which a
thing can be employed; advantage received, power of
rec'iving advantage ; convenience, help; practice, ha--
!>'t ; custom, common occurrence ; interest, money paid
for 'he use of money.
To USE, yiize, v. a. 437. To employ to any pur-
pocc: to accustom, to habituate; to treat; to practise;
t > beha e.
1o USE, yuze, v. n. To be accustomed, to practise
customarily ; to be customarily in any manner, to be
wont.
USEFUL, yiW-fil, adj. Convenient, profitable to
any end, conducive or helpful to any purpose.
USEFULLY, yiise-ful-£, adv. In such a manner as
to help forward some end.
USEFULNESS, y&seiffil-n£s, s. Conduciveness, or
helpfulness to some end.
USELESSLY, y&seil&s-li, adv. In a useless manner.
USELESSNESS, y 6se'l£s-n£s, s. Unfitness to any end.
USELESS, yfise-14s, adj. Answering no purpose,
having no end.
USER, yfc-zur, s. 98. One who uses.
USHER, fishiur, s. 98. One whose business is to
introduce strangers, or walk before a person of high
rank ; an under-teacher.
To USHER. fcsh'5r, »>. a. To introduce as a fore-
runner or harbinger, to forerun.
USQUEBAUGH, &s-kw£-bi,' *. 39O. A compound-
ed distilled spirit, being drawn on aromaticks.
USUAL, yh-zbfi-al, adj. 452. Common, frequent,
customary.
USUALLY, yt-zhil-al-^, adv. Commonly, frequent-
ly, customarily.
USUALNESS, yfi-zliu-al-n£s, *. Commonness, fre-
quencv.
To USURP., yfi-zh&re, v. »*. To practise usury, to
take interest for money.
USURER, yh-zlui.rCir, *. 456. One who puts money
out at interest.
USURIOUS, ) I'uz&'r^ 6s, adj. 456. Given to the
practice of usury, exorbitantly greedy of profit.
To USURP, yu-zfirp,' ?.. a. To possess by force or
intru>i(in, to sci/e or possess without right.
USURPATION. yi!i-zfir-paAshun, s. Forcible, unjust,
illegal se!zu*e or possession.
UsURl-Klt. yu. ztirpiiir, s. 98. One who seizes or
possesses that to wh;ch he has no right.
UsURPiNGLY, yb-ztirp-ing.14, adv. Without just
claim.
USURY. yu-zh&-r£, s. 456. Money paid for the use
of money, interest ; the practice of taking interest.
J£7" This word ami it* relatives, with rt»pcct to the
•spiratn-n of the s, are exactly under the same predica-
ment a> the words luxury *IM\ anxiety are with respect to
the x. — See Principles, No. 179, 480, 481.
UTENSIL, yu-tC-nisIl, *. 8. An instrument for any
use, sneh as the Vessels of a kitchen, or tools of a trade.
Uxi.RI.VE, yu-tCr-ltu-, adj. 149. Belonging to the
Wiimb.
UTERUS, yfa-t^-rfis, s. 503. The womb.
UTILK. yu-te-|e, s. Something useful, as opposed to
something only ornamental.
Jt^- When this word is pronounced in three syllable*.
being the neuter pemler of vtilh, it becomes like simile,
a substantive, anil like a pure Latin word has the same
number of syllab'cs a» th original, 503, A ; and thus we
gometimeshearofawork that unites the utilf and ihedulce.
L'TILE, y&'tll, adj. Profitable, useful.
Jf5« When this word is used as an adjective it is pro-
nounced in two syllables, with the las! sh.irt. In tins
form, however, it is but seldom seen or heard.
UTILITY, yil-tllie-ti, s. Useful prufit, convenience,
advantageousncss.
UTMOST, fit-most, ad}- Extreme, placed at the
extremity ; being in the highest degree.
UTMOST, ftt-ir.ost, s. The most that can be, the
greatest power.
UTOPIAN, jri-tA^pA-io, a'lj. (From Sir Thomas
M ore's U'opia.) Ideal.
UTTER, &t-t&r, adj. 98. Situate on the outside, or
remote from the centre ; placed without any con pass,
out of any place ; extreme, excessive, utmost ; com-
plete, irrevocable.
To UTTER, ut-tur, v. a. To speak, to pronounce,
to express; to disclose, to discover, to publish ; to sell,
to vend ; to disperse, to emit at large.
UTTER ABLE, &t-tur a-bl, adj. 555* Expressible,
such as may be uttered.
UTTERANCE, &titftr-anse, s. Pronunciation, man-
ner of speaking ; extremity, terms of extreme hosti-
lity; vocal expression, emission from the mouth.
UTTERER, fet-tfrr &r, *. One who pronounces, a
divulger, diseloser ; a seller, a vender.
UTTERLY, fit-tur-le, adv. Fully, completely.
UTTERMOST, fit-t&r-m6st, adj. Extreme, being in
the highest degree; most remote.
I UTTERMOST, tlt-tiir-most, s. The greatest degree.
! UVULA, ydl-v6-li, *. 8. In Anatomy, a round soft
spongeous body, suspended from the palate near the
foramina of the nostrils over the glottis.
UXORIOUS, ug-zo^ri-&s, adj. 479. Submissively
fond of a wife, infected with connubial dotage.
UXOBIOUSLY, fig-z&T^-is-li, adv. With fond sub-
mission to a wife.
UXORIOUSNESS, fig zoinJ-&s-n£s, j. Connubial
dotage, fond submission to a wife.
VACANCY,
n.s^, S. Empty space, va-
cuity ; chasm, space unfilled; state of a post or em-
ployment when it is unsupplied ; relaxation, intermis-
sion, time unengaged ; listlessiiess, emptiness of thought.
VACANT, va-klnt, a'lj. Empty, unfilled, void ; free,
unencumbered ; uncrowded ; not filled by an incum-
bent, or possessor; being at leisure, disengaged ; thought-
less, empty of thought, not busy.
To VACATE, va-kate, u. a. 91. To annul, to make
void, to make of no authority ; to make vacant, to quit
possession of; to defeat, to put an end to.
VACATION, va-ka-sh&n, «. Intermission of juridi-
cal proceedings, or any other stated employments; re-
cess of courts or senates ; leisure, freedom from troubla
or jierplexity.
VACCINATION, vak-s^-naisli&n, s. The act of in-
serting vaccine matter ; inoculation for the cow-pox.
VACCINE, vak-slne, a'lj. Belonging to a cow.
5^" This word has been lately introduced to expresi
that species of inoculation which infects the patient with
what is called the Cote For. It is said that this operation
eradicates the seeds of the Small Pox, and frees the pa-
tient from being liable to that dangerous malady.
VACII.LANCY, vas^sll-an-s^, s. A state of waver-
ing, fluctuation, inconstancy.
£*?• M v ear tells me the accent ought to be on the first
syllable of this word, as it is in txce'Jtn, y ; and till good
reasons can be given f. r placing the accent on the second
syllable with Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, and Kntiek, I
shall concur with Dr. Ash in accenting the first, asm
vacillate. — See Miscellany.
VAL
561
VAP
1(17, n5t 163 — tubtf 171, t&b 172, hull 173 — 511 299— piftnd 31'} — t/i\n 466 — THIS 169.
To VACILLATE, vabisll-ate, v. n. 91. To reel, to
stagger.
VACILLATION, vas-s.!l-Ia-sli5.n, *. The act or state
of reeling or staggering
VACUIST, vak-5-ist, *. A philosopher that holds a
vacuum.
VACUATION, vak-i-aishun, s. Theact of emptying.
VACUITY, va-ki'e-t£, s. Emptiness, state of being
unfilled; space unfilled, space unoccupied; inanity,
want of reality.
VACUOUS, vAk-u-&s, adj. Empty, unfilled.
VACUUM, vakifr-fim, s. 314. Space unoccupied
by matter.
VAGABOND, vag-£-bftnd, adj. Wandering without
any settled habitation, wanting a home; wandering,
vigrant.
VAGABOND, vagia bind, s. A vagrant, a wander-
er, commonly in a sense of reproach ; one that wanders
illegally, without a settled habitation.
VAGARY, va-ga-re, s. A wild freak, a capricious
frolick.
VAGRANCY, va'graa-se1, s. A state of wandering,
unsettled condition.
VAGRANT, va-grant, adj. 88. Wandering, unset-
tled, vagabond.
VAGRANT, va-grant, ». Vrgabond, man unsettled
in habitation.
VAGUE, vag, adj. 337. Wandering, vagrant, vaga-
bond; unfixed, unsettled, undetermined.
VAIL, vale, s. 202. A curtain, a cover thrown
over anv thing to be concealed ; a part of female dress
by which the face is concealed ; money given to ser-
vants— See fate.
To VAIL, vale, v. a. To cover.
To VAIL, vale, t/. a. To let fall, to suffer to de-
scend ; to let fall in token of respect; to fall, to let sink
in fear, or for any other interest.
Tn VAIL, vale, v. n. To yield, to give place.
VAIN, vane, adj. 2O2. Fruitless, ineffectual ; emp-
ty, unreal, shadowy; meanly proud, proud of petty
things; showy, ostentatious ; idle, worthless, unimpor-
tant; false, not true; in vain, to no purpose, to no end,
ineffectually.
VAINGLORIOUS, vane-gloire-?is, adj. Boasting
without performances, proud in disproportion to desert.
VAINGLORY, vane-gloire:, s. Pride above merit,
empty pride.
VAINLY, vanc-le!, adv. Without effect, to no pur-
pose, in vain : proudly, arrogantly, idly, foolishly.
VAINNESS, vane-n£s, s. The state of being vain.
VAIVODE, va-v&d, s. A prince of the Dacian pro-
vinces.
VALANCE, val-lanse, *. The fringes or drapery
hanging round the tester and head of a bed.
To VALANCE, val-lanse, v. a. To decorate with
drapery.
VALE, vale, s. A valley ; money given to servants.
VALEDICTION, val-e-dikislmn, s. A farewell.
VALEDICTORY, val ^-dik-tur-e, adj. 557. Bid-
ding farewell. — See Domett ict.
VALENTINE, vaWn-tln, s. 150. A sweetheart,
chosen on Valen line's day.
VALERIAN, va-le-re-an, s. A plant
VALET, val'tH, or va-l£t,' j. A waiting servant.
VALETUDINARIAN, val -I«i-i6-d£-na-re-aii, s. and
aiij. A person uncommonly careful of his health.
VALETUDINARY, val-le-tu^l^ na-n*, used
an adjective. Weakly, sickly, infirm of health.
ly as
VALIDITY, va-Hd^-t£, *. Force to convince, cer-
tainty ; value.
VALI.ANCY, val-lan-S(*, s. A large wig that shade*
the face. Obsolete. It ought to be written valuncy.
VALLEY, val-l<*, s. A low ground between hills.
VALOROUS, val-&r-us, adj. 166. Brave, stout,
valiant-— See Dwueiticlc.
VALOUR, val-ur, s. 314. Personal bravery, strength,
prowess, puissance, stoutness.
VALUABLE, val-u-a-bl, adj. 405. Precious, be
ing of great price; worthy, deserving regard.
VALUATION, val-u-a-shun, s. Value set upon any
thing; the act of setting a value, appraisement.
VALUATOR, val tt-a-lur, s. 521. An appraiser,
one who sets upon any thing its price.
VALUE, val-6, s. S35. Price, worth ; high rate ;
rate, price equal to the worth of the thing bought.
To VALUE, val-fi, v. a. To rate at a certain price;
to rate highly, to have an high esteem for ; to appraise,
to estimate; to be worth, to be equal in worth to; to
reckon at; to consider with respect to importance, to
hold important; to equal in value, to countervail ; to
raise to estimation.
VALUELESS, valiu-l£s, adj. Being of no value.
VALUER, val-6-&r, s. 98. He that values.
VALVE, vilv, s. A folding door; any thing that
opens over the mouth of a vessel ; in Anatomy, a kind
of membrane which opens in ceitain vessels to admit
the blood, and shuts to prevent its regress.
VALVULE, val-\61e. *. A small valve.
VAMP, vamp, s. The upper leather of a shoe.
To VAMP, vamp, v. a. To piece an old thing with
some new part.
VAMPEH, vamp'&r, s. 98. One who pieces out
an old thing with something new.
VAMPYRE, vam-pire, s. Vampyres were imaginary
beings, supposed to be the souls of guilty persons, who
tormented the living by sucking their blood when a-
sleep. The belief of these things was very common
about a century ago in Poland and some parts of Gerrna
ny — See Umpire.
VAN, van, s. The front of an army, the first line ;
any thing spread wide by which a wind is laised, a fan ;
a wing with which the wind is beaten ; a covered ve-
hicle tor the conveyance of dry goods lighter and swif-
ter than a waggon.
VANCOURIER, van-koSr-y^re/ s. A harbinger
a precursor.
VANE, vane, s. A plate hung on a pin to turn with
the wind.
VANGUARD, van-gyard,' s. The front, or first line
of the army.
VANILLA, va-nllUa, *. A plant. The ftuit of
those plants is used to scene chocolate.
To VANISH, van-ish, v. n. To lose perceptible ex-
istence; to pass away from the sight, to disappear; to
pass away, to be lost.
VANITY, van^-t^, s. Emptiness, uncertainty, in-
anity ; fruitless desire, fruitless endeavour ; trifling la-
bour; falsehood, untruth ; empty pleasure, vain pur-
suit, idle show ; ostentation, arrogance ; petty pride,
pride exerted upon slight grounds.
To VANQUISH, vangk-wish, v. a. To conquer, to
overcome ; to confute.
VANQUISHER, vangk-wlsh-&r, s. Conqueror, sub-
duer.
VANTAGE, van^tadje, s. 90. Gain, profit ; superi-
ority; opportunity, convenience.
VANTBRASS, vant-bras, s. Armour for the arm.
VAFID, vap-id, adj. 544. Dead, having the spirit
evaporated, spiritless.
VALIANT, viM-yant, adj. 113. 535. Stout, per- . . .
sonally puissant, brave. I VAPIDITY, va-pid^-t(5, *. The state of being vapid.
VALIANTLY, val-yant-le, adv. Stoutly, with per- VAPIDNESS, vap-id-ii£s, s. The state of being spi-
sonal strength, with puissance. ritless or mawkish.
VALIANTNESS, vAKyant-n&s, t. Valour, perso- VAPORER, vaip6r-&r, s. 98. 166. A boaster, a
nal bravery, puissance. ' braggart.
VALID, val-id, adj. 544. Strong, powerful; cflica- ! $0" Though Dr. Johnson, and those who have come
wous, prevalent ; having force, weighty, conclusive, i nfler """• have olll'Ut;U the u '" u"s and lhe »o"uwing
VAS
562
VEC
559- Fatc73, fir 77, fill 83, fit 81 — mi 93, m£t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 169, move 164,
rhyme with base, case, lie. I have uniformly heard it
pronounced with the t like z, and sometimes, by people of
refinement, with the a like aw ; but this, being too re-
fined for the general ear, is now but seldom heard.
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick, W. Johnston,
Mr. Smith, Mr. Perry, and Buchanan, pronounce the a
long and slender as I have done, but with the i as in case .
Mr. Smith and W. Johnston give the a the same sound,
and the .< the sound of z; and Mr. Elphinston sounds it
as if written twuz .• but this, as Mr. Nares justly observes,
is an affected pronunciation.
VASSAL, vassal, s. 88. One who holds by lh«
will of a superior lord; a subject, a dependant ; a set
vant, one who acts by the will of another ; a slave, a
low wretch.
VASSALAGE, vas-sal-aje, *. 9O. The state of a vas-
sal ; tenure at will, servitude, slavery.
VAST, Yast, adj. 79. Large, great ; vitiously great,
enormously extensive.
VAST, vast, j. An empty waste.
VASTATION, vas-ta-shun, s. Waste, depopulation.
VASTIDITY, vas-tld^-t^, t. Wideness, immensity.
VASTLY, vast-It', adv. Greatly, to a great degree.
VASTNESS, vist£n6s, S. Immensity, enormous great-
word, yet as they are both formatives of our own, they
ought, undoubtedly, to be written vapourer and vapour-
US.
VAPORISH, va'p&r-lsh, adj. 166. Splenetick.hu-
moursome.
VAPOROUS, va-pfir-fts, adj. Full of vapours or ex-
halations, fumy; windy, flatulent.
VAPOUR, va-p-fir, *. 314. Any thing exhalable,
any thing that mingles with the air; wind, flatulence ;
fume, steam ; mental fume, vain imagination ; dis-
eases caused by flatulence, or by diseased nerves ; me-
lancholy, spleen.
To VAPOUR, va-pnr, v. n. To pass in a vapour or
fume, to emit fumes, to fly off in evaporation ; to bully,
to brag.
To VAPOUR, vaipir, v. a. To effuse, to scatter in
fume or vapour.
VARIABLE, va-rd-a-bl, adj. 405. Changeable, mu-
table, inconstant.
VARIABLENESS, va-r£-a-bl-n£s, j. Changeable-
ness, mutability ; levity, inconstancy.
VARIABLY, va-r^-a-bl^, adv. Changeably, muta-
bly, inconstantly, uncertainly.
VARIANCE, va-r^-anse, s. Discord, disagreement,
dissension.
VARIATION, va-r£-a-sh&n, s. Change, mutation,
difference from itself; difference, change from one to
another; successive change; in Grammar, change of
termination of nouns ; deviation; Variation of the com-
pass, deviation of the magnetick needle from parallel
with the meridian.
1 The a in the first syllable of this word, from the
legation. Mr. Mierulan nas g
two words the short sound of the Italian a, but contrary
to the analogy of English pronunciation. — See Principles,
No. 534.
To VARIEGATE, Ya-nW-gate, v. a. To diversify ;
to stain with different colours.
K^» All our orthoepists are uniform in placing the ac-
cent on the first syllable of this word, and all sound the a
as in vary, except Mr. Elnhinston, Mr. Perry, and Bu-
chanan, who give it the short soi.nd as in carry. That
to great a master of English analogy as Mr. Elphinston
should here overlook the lengthening power of the vocal
assemblage ie, is not a little surprising — See Principles,
No. 196.
VARIEGATION, va-rW-ga-sh&n, s. Diversity of
colours.
VARIETY, vi-rl-e-t£, *. Change, succession of one
thing to another, intermixture ; one thing of many by
which variety is made; difference, dissimilitude; va-
riation, deviation, change from a former state.
VARIOUS, va-re-6s, adj. 314. Different, several,
manifold ; changeable, uncertain, unfixed ; unlike each
other; variegated, diversified.
VARIOUSLY, va-re-&s-le, adv. In a various manner.
VARLET, vir-ldt, s. Anciently a servant or foot-
man; a scoundrel, a rascal,
VARLETRY, var-ltk-tre, s. Rabble, crowd, populace.
VARNISH, vi|£nlsh, s. A matter laid ujMin wood,
metal, or other bodies, to make them shine ; cover, pal-
liation.
7'' VARNISH, varimsh, v. a. To cover with some-
thing shining ; to cover, to conceal with something or-
namental ; to priliiate, to liiile with colour of rhetorick.
VARNISHER, var-nlsh-5r, 3. One whose trade is
to varnish; a disguiscr, an adorner.
2V> VARY, va-rv, t). a. To change, to make unlike
itself; to change to something else ; to make of dif-
ferent kinds; to diversify, to variegate.
7'.' VARY, va-re, v. n. To be changeable, to appear
in different forms, to be unlike each other; to alter,
to become unlike itself ; to deviate, to depart; to suc-
ceed eaeh other j to disagree, to be at variance ; to shift
colours.
VARY, \a-r£, * Change, alteration. Obsolete.
VA.SCCLAR. vas-ku-lar, adj. 88. Consisting of
. full of vessels.
VASE, vaze, s. A vessel rather for ornament than use.
6^" Mr. Sheridan hat pronounced this word go as to
.
VASTY, vast-d, adj. Large.
VAT, vat, s. A vessel in which liquors are kept in
an immature state.
VATICIDE, vat^-side, s. 143. A murderer of poet*.
To VATICINATE, va-tls-se-nate, v. n. To pro-
phesy, to practise prediction.
VAULT, vawlt, or vawt, s. A continued arch ; a
cellar ; a cave, a cavern ; a repository for the dead.
fc5« Mr. Sheridan leaves out the I in this word, in the
word vault, to leap, and all their compounds ; but my ear
grossly deceives me if this I is ever suppressed, except in
the sense of a cellar for wine, &c. In this I am supported
by all our orthoepists, from whom the sounds of the letter
can be gathered ; and Mr. Scott and Mr. Perry preserve
the / in every word of this form. This, I think, is not
agreeable to general usage with respect to the exception I
have given; though I think it might be dispensed with
for the sake of uniformity, especially as the old French
t'oulle, the Italian volla, and the lower Latin valuta,
from which the word is derived, have all of them the I;
nor do I think the preservation of it in the word in ques-
tion would incur the least imputation of pedantry.
To VAULT, vawlt, v. a. To arch, to shape as a
vault ; to cover with an arch.
To VAULT, vawlt, v. n. To leap, to jump ; to play
the tumbler or posture-master.
VAULT, vawlt, s. A leap, or jump.
VAULTAGE, vawlt-ldje, *. 9O. Arched cellar.
VAULTED, vawlt^d, adj. Arched, concave.
VAULTER, vawltifir, s. 98. A leaper, a jumper, •
tumbler.
VAULTY, vawl-t^, adj. Arched, concave.
To VAUNT, vawnt, v. a. 216. To boast, to dis-
play with ostentation.
J£5r- Mr. Nares is the only orthoepist who gives the
diphthong in this word and avaunt the same sound as in
aunt ; but a few more such respectable juilges, by setting
the example, would reduce these words to their proper
class; till then the whole army of lexicographers and spea-
kers, particularly on the stage, must be submitted to, ^14.
To VAUNT, vawnt, v. n. To play the braggait, to
talk with ostentation.
VAUNT, vawnt, s. Brag, boast, vain ostentation,
VAUNT, vawnt, 5. 21 4. The first part. Not in use.
VAUNTER, vawnt-&r, s. Boaster, braggart.
VAUNTFUL, vawnt-ful, adj. Boastful, ostentatious.
VAUNTINGLY, vawnt-ing-le, adv. Boastfully, os-
tentatiously.
VAWAHD, va-ward, s. 88. Fore part.
VEAL, v^le, j. The flesh of a calf killed for the table.
VECTION, vek'diun, 7
VECTITATION, v<?k-t£-ta-sh&n, j
carrying, or being carried.
ViXlTKE, viik-tshure, 5. 461. Carriage.
VEX
563
YEN
n<5r 167, n5t 163 — t&be 171, tfth 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pSind 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
To VF.KR, v£re, P. n. To turn about.
To VEER, vere, v. a. To let out ; to turn, to change.
VEGETABILITY, v£J-j£-ta-biW-te, s. Vegetable
nature.
VEGETABLE, v£d-j<^-ta-bl, s. Any thing that has
growth without sensation, as plants.
VEGETABLE, ved-jt^-ta-bl, adj. Belonging to a
plant ; having the nature of plants.
To VEGETATE, v5d-j£-tate, v. n. To grow as
plants, to shoot out, to grow without sensation.
VEGETATION, v&l.jii-ta^snuMi, s. The power of
producing the growth of plants; the power of growth
without sensation.
VEGETATIVE, vSd'j4-ta-tlv, adj. 512. Having
the quality of growing without life ; having the power
to produce growth in plants.
VEGETATIVENESS, v4d-j£-ta-tlv-n!s, 4. The qua-
lity of producing growth.
VEGETE, v£-j<hf,' s. Vigorous, active, sprightly.
VEGETIVE, v&lfji-tlv, adj. Vegetable.
VEGETIVE, v£d-jti-tlv, s. A vegetable.
VEHEMENCE, ve-lie-m£nse, >
VEHEMENCY, v^hA-miiw^. } Sl Vlolence> force •
ardour, mental violence, fervour.
VEHEMENT, v£Mi£-m$nt, adj. violent, forcible ;
ardent, eager, fer
VEHEMENTLY, 'v&h£-m£nt-l£, adv.
pathetically, urgently.
Forcibly ;
VEHICLE, V&bd-kl, S. 405. That in which any
thing is carried; that part of a medicine which serves
to make the principal ingredient potable ; that by means
of which any thing is conveyed.
To VEIL, vale, v. n. 249. To cover with a veil,
or any thing which conceals the face; to cover, to in-
vest ; to hide, to conceal.
VEIL, vale, x. A cover to conceal the face ; a cover,
a disguise.
VEIN, vane, s. 249. The veins are only a continu-
ation of the extreme capillary arteries reHeeted back
again towards the heart, and uniting their channels as
they approach it; hollow, cavity; course of metal in
the mine ; tendency or turn of the mind or genius ; fa-
vourable moment ; humour, temper; continued dispo-
sition ; current, continued production; strain, quality ;
streak, variegation.
VEINED, vand, 359. 7_ adj. Full of veins; streak-
VEINY, va-n£,
VELLEITY,
ed, variegated,
s. The lowest degreeof desire.
The skin of a calf dressed for
To VELLICATE, v^Kl^-kate, v. a. To twitch, to
pluck, to act by stimulation.
VELLICATION, v£l-l<i-ka-sliiin, s. Twitching, sti-
mulation.
VELLUM, v&il&
the writer.
VELOCITY, v^-los-e-te, i. Speed, swiftness, quick
motion.
VELVET, v&ivlt, s. 99. Silk with a short fur or
pile upon it.
VELVET, v£l- vlt, adj. Made of velvet ; soft, delicate.
VELURE, ve-Uire/ s. Velvet. An old word.
VENAL, V(^nal, adj. 88.
contained in the veins.
Mercenary, prostitute ;
VENALITY, v£-nal-e-tt*, s. Mercenariness, prosti-
tution.
VENATirK, v£-nat'1k, adj. 509. Used in hunting.
VENATION, ve-na-shCui, s. The act or practice of
hunting.
To VEND, vend, v. a. To sell, to offer to sale.
VENDEE, v3n-dee,' s. One to whom any thing is sold.
VENDER, v&uUtir, s. 98. A seller.
VENDIBLE, v^nd-e-bl, adj. 405. Saleable, market-
able.
VENDIBLENESS, v£nd-e bl-nes, s. The state of be-
ing saleable.
VKNDITATION, v£n-d£-ta-sh&n, s. Boastful display.
N, v£n-dish-&n, S. Sale, the act of selling.
To VENEER, vi-nA4r/ v. a. To make a kind ot
marquetry or inlaid work.
Jtv* This word is, by cabinet-makers, pronounced fewer;
buthere, as in similar cases, the scholar will lose no credit
by pronouncing the word as it is written.— See Boatftvain.
VENEFICE, vfin-e-fls, s. 142. The practice of poi-
soning.
VENEFICIAL, v3n-«J-f ish-al, adj. Acting by poison,
bewitching.
VENEFICIOUSLY, v3n-d f1sh-&s-l£, adv. By poison.
VENEMOUS, v^u^e-m&s, adj. Poisonous.
To VENENATE, v3n^-nate, v. a. To poison, to
infect with poison.
JJ^» In the first edition of this Dictionary I accented
this word on the first syllable, contrary to the example ot
Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, and Mr. Sheridan ; but upon a
revisal of the various analogies of accentuation, was in-
clined to think this accentuation somewhat doubtful. The
word veneno, from which this is formed, has the penulti-
mate long ; and in verbs of this termination, derived from
the Latin, and preserving the same number of syl'ables,
we often preserve the same accent, as in arietate, coaccr-
vate, denigrate, &c. ; but this is so often neglected in fa
vour of the antepenultimate accent, as in decorate, drjati
gate, delegate, desolate, &c. that general usage seems evi
dently leaning to this side; and as in perj>etrate and emi-
grate, from perpetro and emigro, where the penultimate
vowel is doubtful, we always place the accent on the anie-
penultimate ; so in this and similar words, where custom
does not decide, I would always recommend a similar ac-
centuation.— Se Principles, No. 503, n.
VENENATION, vdn-^-na-sh&n, s. Poison, venom
VENENE, v^-n^ne,'
VENENOSE, v£n-ti-ndse,' 427
VENERABLE, v£n'£r-a-bl, adj. 405. 555. To be
regarded with awe, to be treated with reverence.
VENERABLY, v2a*£r-i-bt£, adv. In a manner that
exeites reverence.
To VENERAtE, v3n^r-ate, v. a. To reverence,
to treat with veneration, to regard with awe.
VENERATION, v£n-£r-a-shuM), s. Reverent regard,
awful respect.
VENERATOR, v^n^r-a-l&r, ». 521. Reverencer.
VENEREAL, ve-neir^-al, adj. Relating to love ; to
a certain disorder ; consisting of copper, called Venui
by eh y mists.
VENEREOUS, v£-n<&-<*-&s, ad}. Libidinous, lustful.
VENERY, v3n-£r-£, s. 555. The sport of hunting.
Little used in this sense. The commerce of the sexes.
VENEY, ve-n^, s. About, a turn. Out of use.
VENESECTION, v£-n£-s6k-shun, s. Blood-letting,
the act of opening a vein, phlebotomy.
To VENGE, v£nje, v. a. To avenge, to punish.
VENGEANCE, v£n'janse, s. 244. Punishment, pe-
nal retribution, avengement; it is used in familiar lan-
guage, to do with a Vengeance, is to do with vehe-
mence; what a Vengeance, emphatically What?
VENGEFUL, v&nje-ful, adj. Vindictive, revengeful.
VENIABLE, veintWl
7 adj. Poisonous,
. 5 venomous.
VENIAL,
88.
adj. Pardonable, sus-
ceptive of pardon, excusable; permitted, allowed.
VENIALNESS, v£-n£-al-u£s, s. State of being ex-
cusable.
VENISON, v§r>izn, or \£n-e-zn, s. Game, beast of
chase, the flesh of deer.
Jt5» A shameful corruption of this word by entirely
sinking the i, has reduced it to two syllables. Mr. Sheri-
dan pronounces it in three ; Dr. Kenrick gives it in three,
but tells us it is usually heard in two. Mr. Scott gives it
both ways ; Mr. Perrv only as it is contracted ; and Mr.
Klphinston supposes the i in this word as much lost as in
Inainett.
H is highly probable this corruption is of long standing
for though Shakespeare, in As \uu Like It, says,
" Come, shall we go and kill us veniton !"
Yet Chapman pronounces this word in two syllables,
" We adilcd wine till »o could wuh no mow •
And Dryden after him.
VEK 564 VER
|3r 559. Fate 73, tfu 77, fall 83, &t 81 — mi 93, m£t 35— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mite 164,
" He for the feast preparM VERB, v5rb, J. A part of speech signifying existence,
- In equal portion* with th* •*• ihafd. ^ sQme mO(tifioatJon thereof, as action, passion.
To these instances we may add an excellent poet r VERBAL, v&rh'-U, adj. 88. Spoken, not written ;
•wntiine: on], uttered by mouth; consisting in mere words;
" conjonhn sits abdominous and wan, literal, having word answering to word : a Verbal noun
:: li*:;± S^K£±?£y *s \?°™ ^ » a ^b-. . .
•• Turtle and rtn'ion all his thoughts employ." To VERBALIZE, VCr-bal-UP, V. 11. To use many
Poerrv will ever consider this word, like many others- words, to protract a discourse.
either as of two or three syllables; but solemn prose, ft^> This word is certainly useful in this sense, as we
such ns the language of Scripture, will always give the
word its due length. For however we may be accustom-
ed to hoar ven'son in common conversation, what disgust
would it not give us to hear this word in the pulpit, when
isaac savs to his son :
* Vow therefo
bow, and go i
t take, I pray thee, thy weapons, thy quiver, and
jt to the field, and take me some reu'ioa !"
In short, my opinion is, that this word, in spite of the
general corruption, ought always to be pronounced in
throe syllables by correct speakers, and thaf the contrac-
tion should be left to the |>oets.
VENOM. v£ni&m, s. 166. Poison.
VENOMOUS, v£n-&m-&s, a((j. Poisonous ; malig-
nant, mischievous.
VENOMOUSLY, v£nifim-6s-l£, adv. Poisonously,
mischievously, malignantly.
VENOMOUSNESS, ven-&m-&s-n3s, *.
Poisonous-
have no other active or neuter verb to express being ver-
bose : but there is another sense in which it may be no
less useful, and that is, when we want to express the
forming of a noun into a verb, as from arm to arm, &U.
VERBALITY, v£r-bal-£-ti, s. Mere bare words.
VERBALLY, v£r-bal-i, adv. In words, orally^
word for word.
VERBATIM, v£r-ba-t1m, adv. Word for word.
To VERBERATE, v6r-b£r-ate, v. a. 94. To beat,
to strike.
VERBEKATION, v£r-b£r-a'sh&n, i. Blows, beating.
VERBOSE, v£r-bose,' adj. 427. Exuberant in
words, prolix, tedious by multiplicity of words.
VERBOSITY, v£r-bSs-£-td, s. Exuberance of word*,
much empty talk.
VERDANT, v£ridant, adj. Green.
ness, malignity. I VERDERER, v£rtder-fir, i. 555. An officer in the
VENT, vent, *. A small aperture, a hole ; a spira- forest
cle; a passage out from secrecy to publick notice; VERDICT, vlrid'lkt, s. The determination of the
the act of opening; emission, passage; discharge,
me ns of discn.trge ; sale.
To VENT, v£nt, v. n To let out at a small aperture ;
to let out, to give way to; to utter, to report; to emit,
to pour out ; to publish ; to sell, to carry to sale.
VENTAGE, v5n-tlilje, s. 90. One of the small holes
of a flute.
VENTER, v^n-tfir, J. 98. Any cavity of the body;
the abdomen ; « omb, a mother.
VENTIDUCT, v^n-t^ dukt, s. A passage for the
To VENTILATE, v?n-t£-late, v. a. To fan with
wind ; to winnow, to fan ; to examine, to discuss.
VENTILATION, v£n-t£-la-shun, s. The act of
fanning; the state of being fanned; vent, utterance;
refrigeration.
VENTILATOR, v£n-t£-la-t&r, s. 521. An instru-
ment contrived by Dr. Hale to supply close places with
fresh air.
VKNTOSITY, ve'ii-tis^-t^, s. Windiness.
VENTRICLE, v3n-tr«i-kl, s. 4O5. The stomach ;
any small cavity in an animal body, particularly those
of the heart.
VENTRILOQUIST, v£n-trll-li-kwist, ». 518. One
who speaks in such a manner as that the sound seems
to issue from his belly.
VENTRILOQUY, v£n-trll-A-kw£, «. 548. Speaking
inwardly as from the belly.
VENTURE, v£n-tsh&re, *. 461. A hazard, an un-
dertaking of chance and danger; chance, hap; the
thing put to hazard, a stake; at a Venture, at hazard,
without much consideration, without any thing more
than the hope of a lucky chance.
To VENTURE, v$n-tshiW, i>. n. To dare ; to run
hazard ; to Venture at, to venture on or upon, to en-
gage in, or make attempt without any security of
success.
To VENTURE, v£n-tsh6re, v. a. To expose to
haz ird ; to put or send on a venture.
VENTURER, ven-tsliuT-&r, *. 555. He who ven-
tures.
VENTUROUS, v2nitsh&r-fis, adj. 314. Daring,
bold, fearless, ready to run hazards.
VENTUROUSLY, v£ii£ts.liur-us-hi, ado. Daringly,
fearlessly, boldly.
VENTUROUSNESS, \£nitshur-&s-nes, j. Boldness,
illingness to hazard.
VERACITY, v£ rasi<*
*. Moral truth, honesty of
report; physical truth, consistency of report with fact
jury declared to the judge; declaration, decision, judg-
ment, opinion.
VERDIGRIS, v£r'd<*-gr£^s. s.l 12 The rust of bras*.
$5- I have in this word corrected Dr. Johnson, by
comparing him with himself, \fj4mbergrls is spelt with
out the final f, this letter eertalnlv ought not to be in
Vtidegris, as both words derive their last syllabic from
exactly the same origin.
VEHUITURE, v£r-d£-t&re,
i
v6-
The faintest and pal-
est gteen.
VERDURE, vSrijvire, s. 461. 376. Green, green
colour.
VERDUROUS. v£rijfi-r&s, adj. 314. Green, cover-
ed with green.
VERECUND, vei^-kfmd, adj. Modest, bashful.
See Facund.
VERGE, v£rje, s. A rod, or something in form of *
rod, carried as an emblem of authority ; the mace of a
dean ; the brink, the edge, the utmost border; in Law,
verge is the compass about the king's court, bounding
the jurisdiction of the lord steward of the king's house-
hold.
To VERGE, v£rje, v . n. To tend, to bend downward.
VERGER, v£r-jfir, s. 98. He who carries the mac*
before the dean.
VERIDICAL, v^-rid-^-kal, adj. Telling truth.
VERIFICAT ON, veV-^-f'<* ka-shun, s. Confirma-
tion by argument, evidence.
To VERIFY, v£r^-tl, v. a. To justify against tht
charge of falsehood, to confirm, to prove true.
VERILY, v£ri£-14, adv. In truth, certainly; wjth
great confidence.
VERISIMILAR, v^r-ti-slmie-lur, adj. 88. Proba-
ble, likely.
VERISIMILITUDE, ver-£-sim-mil^.tfjde,
VERISIMILITY, ver-£-s!m-milie-t^,
Probability, likelihood, resemblance of truth.
VERITABLE, v£ri«5-ta-bl, adj. 4O5. True, agreea-
ble to fact.
VERITY, v5r^-t£, *. Truth, consonance to the re-
ality of things; a true assertion ; a true tenet ; moral
truth, agreement of the words with the thoughts.
VERJUICE, v&r-jfis, J. Acid liquor expressed from
crab-apples.
VERMICELLI, v&r-mi-tsh?W, s. A paste rolh-d
and broken in the form of worms.
Jf^r- This word is perfectly Italian, and maybe par-
doned in irregularity because, like several other foreign
,/' "a CT f\, words, being confined to a small circle, they arc like so
, adj. 357. Observant of „,.,,„ eMreS«K« on the surface of the language, which
dUiigme without corrupiing it. See 1'rinciples, No. 55Ji
VER
565
VET
i»3r 167, n&t 163 — tftbe 171, tfib 172, bull 173— oil 299 — po&nd SIS— ///in 466 — THIS 469.
VERMICULAR, v£r-mlkii-lar, adj. 88. Acting
like a worm, continued from one part to another.
To VERMICULATE, v3r-mlk-i-late, v. a. To in-
lay, to work in chequer work.
VERMICULATION, v^r-mlk-i la-sh&n, s. Conti-
nuation of motion from one part to another.
VERMJCULE, ver-m^-kile, s. A little grub.
VERMICULOUS, v£r-mik-&-l&s, adj. Full of grubs.
VERMIFORM, v5r-m4-form, adj. Having the shape
of a worm.
VERMIFUGE, v5rim£-f6dje, s. Any medicine that
destroys or expels worms.
VERMIL, v&rimll, 7 Th
VERMILION, v4r-mll'y&n, 113. J
chineal, a grub of a particular plant j factitious or na-
tive cinnabar, sulphur mixed with mercury ; any beau-
tiful red colour.
To VERMILION, v^r-mll-y&n, t;. a. To die red.
VERMIN, v£r-mln, s. 140. Any noxious animal.
s. Aptness to be
J. The quality
VERMINOUS, v£r-mln-&s, adj. Tending to ver-
min, disposed to breed vermin.
VERMIPAROUS, v£r-mlp-pa-rus, a<{j. Producing
worms.
VERNACULAR, v5r-naki6-lar, adj. Native, of one's
own country.
VERNAL, virtual, ail}. 88. Belonging to the spring.
VERNANT, vlrinant, adj. Flourishing as in the
spring.
VERSABILITY, vSr-sa-blK4-t<*,
VEIISABLENESS, v£risa-bl-n£s,
turned or wound any way.
VERSAL, v^ri-sal, adj. 88. A cant word for Uni-
versal; total, whole.
VERSATILE, v^r-sa-tll, adj. 145. That may be
turned round ; changeable, variable ; easily applied to
a new task.
VERSATILENESS, vgrisa-til-n£s,
VERSATILITY, v£r.sa-TJlie-t£,
of being versatile.
VERSE, v£rse, S. A line consisting of a certain suc-
cession of sounds, and number of feet; a section or
paragraph of a book ; poetry, lays, metrical language;
a piece of poetry.
To be VERSED, v<?rst, v. n. 859. To be skilled
in, to be acquainted with.
VERSEMAN, v£is-man, s. 88. A poet, a writer
in verse.
VERSIFICATION, v£r-s£-fe-ka-shun, s. The art
or practice of making verses.
VERSIFICATOR, v^r-s^-f^-ka-t&r, J s. A ver-
VERSIFIER, v£r-st*-fl-&r, 183. $ sifter, amaker
of verses with or without the spirit of poetry.
To VERSIFY, v£i£s^-fi, v. n. To make verses.
To VERSIFY, v£r-se-fl, v. «. 183. To relate in
"crse.
VERSION, v^rishin, s. Change, transformation ;
change of direction ; translation ; the act of translating.
VERT, v£rt, s. Every thing that grows and bears a
green leaf within the forest
VERTEBRAL, v£ritt^-bral, adj. 88. Relating to the
joints of the spine.
VERTEBRE, ver-t^-b&r, s. A joint of the back.
jt5» This word is perfectly anglicised, and therefore
ouglit to have its last syllable pronounced according to
English analogy, like Centre, Scep/re, Mitre, &c. See
Principles, No. 416. There is a comnion mistake in the
use of the Latin word from which this is deiived, which
it may not be improper to rectify. Vertebra is not unfre-
quently used to signify the whole collection of joints
which form the back bone, while in reality it means only
one of those joints ; the plural is Vertebra;, and this ought
to lie used for the whole spine, if we denominate it by a
Latin word ; but if we speak English, it ought to be Ver-
teb'cs, and pronounced as if written Verteburt.
VERTEX, v£r-teks, 4. Zenith, the point overhead ;
the top of a hill.
VERTICAL, v^r^-kal, adj. 88. Placed in thcze-
nith ; placed in the direction perpendicular to the ho-
rizon.
VERTICALITY, v3r-td-kalie-t<*, j. The state of be-
ing in the zenith.
VERTICALLY, v^r^-kal 4, a-lv. In the zenith.
VERTICITY, v3r-tls^-t£, s. The power of turning,
circumvolution, rotation.
VERTIGINOUS, v3r-tld-j!n-&s, adj. Turning round,
rotary ; giddy.
VERTIGO, vlr-tl%6, v3r-t(^g6, or v£r£td-g6, *.
112. A giddiness, a sense of turning in the head.
j£5= This word is exactly under the same predicament
as Serpigo and Lentigo. If we pronounce it learnedly,
we must place the accent in the first manner, 503. If we
pronounce it modishly, and wish to smack of the French
or Italian, we must adopt the second ; but if we follow
the genuine English analogy, we must pronounce it in the
last manner. See Principles, No. 112.
The authorities for the first pronunciation are, Mr. El-
phinston, Mr. Sheridan, Bailey, and Entick ; for the se-
cond, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, and W. John-
ston ; and for the third, Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Mr. Perry,
Buchanan, Barclay, and Fenning. This too was Swiff'*
pronunciation, as "we see by Dr. Jonhson's quotation :—
In .this word we see the tendency of the accent to its
true centre in its own language. Vertigo with the accent
on the i, and that pronounced long as in title, has so Latin
a sound that we scarcely think we are speaking English ;
this makes us the more readily give in to the foreign sound
of t, as in fatigue. This sound a correct English ear is
soon weary of, and settles at last with the accent on (he
first syllable, with the t sounded as in indigo, portico, <fec.
VERVAIN, 208.
VERVINE! 140.
VERY, \&f-&, adj. True, real ; having any quali-
ties, commonly bad, in an eminent degree, to note the
things emphatically, or eminently ; same.
A plant'
VERY,
degree.
, adv. In a great degree, in an eminent
To VESICATE, v£s£sd-kate, v. a. 91. To blister.
VESICATION, v3s-£-kaish6n, s. Blistering, separa-
tion of the cuticle.
VESICATORY, v£-slk£a-t&r-£, s. 512. A blistering
medicine. — See Domestick.
VESICLE, v&^-kl, s. 405. A small cuticle, filled
or inflated.
VESICULAR, v£-slk-£i-lar, adj. 88. Hollow, full
of small interstices.
VESPER, v^pfrr, s. 98. The evening star, the e-
vening.
VESPERS, v3s£p&rz, s. The evening service.
VESPERTINE, v£s£pijr-tine, adj. 149. Happening
or coining in the evening.
VESSEL, v&'sll, s. 99. Any thing in which liquids
or other things are put ; the containing parts of aa ani-
mal body ; any vehicle in which men or goods are car-
ried on the water; any capacity, any thing containing.
VEST, v£st, s. An outer garment.
To VEST, v3st, v. a. To dress, to deck, to enrobe ;
to dress in a long garment ; to make possessor of, to
invest with ; to place in possession.
VESTAL, v£sital, s. A pure virgin.
VESTAL, v£sital, adj 88. Denoting pure virginity.
VESTIBULE, v&^te bfrle, s. The porch or first en-
trance of a house.
" This is the bud of being, the dim dawn,
" The twilight of our day, the vestibule."— Young .
VESTIGE, v£s-tldje, s. Footstep, mark left behind
in passing.
VESTMENT, v£stim£nt, s. Garment, part of drew.
VESTRY, v£s-tr£, S. A room appendantto thechurch,
in which the sacerdotal garments and consecrated thing!
are reposited ; a parochial assembly commonly conven-
ed in the vestry.
VESTURE, v£sitshfire, s. 461. Garment, robe,
dress ; habit, external form.
VETCH, vStsh, *. A plant.
3 I
VIC '
566
vie
fcy 559. Fate 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m£t 95— pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, move 16"4,
VlCECHANCELLOR, vlse-tshanis<ll-l&r, s. The se-
cond magistrate of the universities.
VICEROY, vise-r<W, j. He who governs in place of
the king with regal authority.
VlCEROYALTY, vlse-rW-al-te, *. Dignity of a
viceroy.
VICINITY, v^-sln-^ ti, or vl-sln^-t^, s. 138.
Nearness, state of being near ; neighbourhood.
VICINAGE, vls-ln-ldje, j. 90. Neighbourhood,
place adjoining.
VICINAL, vls^e-nal, 138. 7 adj. Near, neighbour-
VlCINE, vls-inc, S ing.
frj- For the propriety of placing the accent on the first
syllable of vicinal, see Medicinal.
VICIOUS, vlsh'&s, adj. Devoted to vice, not addict-
ed to virtue. — See Pitiout.
VICISSITUDE, vi-sis^-tude, or vl-sls^ tide, j.
158. Regular change, return of the same things in the
same succession ; revolution, change.
VICTIM, vik-tim, s. A sacrifice, something slain for
a sacrifice; something destroyed.
VICTOR, vlk-t&r, s. 166. Conqueror, vanquisher,
he who gains the advantage in any contest.
VICTORIOUS, vlk-t6ir<*-&s, adj. Conquering, hav-
ing obtained conquest, superior in contest ; producing
conquest ; betokening conquest.
VICTORIOUSLY, vik-t<^re-6s-li, adv. With con-
quest, successfully, triumphantly.
VICTORIOUSNESS, vlk-tiir£-as-n£s, s. The state
or quality of being victorious.
VICTORY, vlkit&r-i, s. 557. Conquest, success m
contest, triumph.
VICTRESS, vlk-tr£s, s. A female that conquers.—
See Tutorets.
VICTUAL, vlt-tl, 7 *. 405- Provision of food, stores
VICTUALS, vlt-tlz, } for the support of life, meat.
J£5" This corruption, like most others, has terminated
in the generation of anew word; for no solemnity will
allow of pronouncing this word as it is written. Victuali
appeared to Swift so contrary to the real sound, that in
some of his manuscript remarks which 1 have seen, he
spells the word vittlet. This compliance with sound,
however, is full of mischief to language, and ought not
to be indulged. — See Skeptick, and Principles, No. 350.
To VICTUAL, vlt-tl, v. a. To store with provision
for food.
VICTUALLER, vlt-tl-&r, s. One who provides victuals.
VIDELICET, v£-d£K^-s£t, adv. To wit, that is :
generally written t'iz.
B5" This is a long-winded word for a short explana-
tion, and its contraction, flz. a frightful anomaly, which
ought never to be pronounced as it is written : the adverb
namely ought to be used instead of both ; and where it is
not, o'ught, in reading, always to be substituted for them.
To VlE, vl, v. a. 276. To »how or practise in com-
petition.
To VlE, vl, v. n. To contest, to contend.
To VIEW, vil, v. a. 286. To survey ; to look on by
way of examination ; to see, to perceive by the eye.
VlEW, vfl, s. Prospect ; sight, power of beholding ;
act of seeing ; sight, eye ; survey, examination by the
eye; intellectual survey ; space "that may be taken in
by the eye, reach of sight ; api>earance, show ; display,
exhibition to sight or mind ; prospect of interest ; in-
tention, design.
VIEWLESS, vti-16s, adj. Unseen.
VlGIL, vld-jll, s. Watch, devotion performeJ in the
customary hours of rest ; a fast kept before a holiday ;
service used on the night before a holiday; watch,
forbearance of sleep — See Drama.
VIGILANCE, vld-jll-anse, ) s. 88. Forbearance of
VlGILANCY, vldfjll-an-s^, J sleep ; watchfulness,
circumspection, incessant care ; guard, watch.
VIGILANT, vldijll-ant, adj. 88. Watchful, circum-
spect, diligent, attentive.
VIGILANTLY, vld-jll-ant-l<*, adv. Watchfully, at-
tentively, circumspectly.
VlGNETTE, vin-y<H, s. Ornamental floweis or fi-
gures placed by printers at the beginning or end 01
chapters, sometimes emblematical ut' the subject.
VKTCHY, v^tshii, adj. Made of vetches, abounding
in vetches.
VFTKRAN, v5t-&r-in, s. 88. An old soldier, a man
long practised.
VETERAN, v5t-uT-an, adj. Long practised in war,
long experienced.
VETEBINARY, v£t££r-i-na-r£, adj. Belonging to
cattle, particularly horses ; from the Latin Veterlnariia,
a farrier, or horse-doctor.
ItS" I have adopted this word from a prospect of its be-
coming a part of the language. As a College is founded in
London for studying the diseases to which that useful
animal, the horse, is liable ; the name of Veterinary Col-
lege must come into general use, and ought therefore to
have a place in our Dictionaries. Ash is the only lexico-
apher who has it.
"o VEX, v£ks, v. a. To plague, to torment, to
harass ; to disturb, to disquiet ; to trouble with slight
% provocations.
VEXATION, v5k-saishfin, ». The act of troubling ;
the state of being troubled, uneasiness, sorrow ; the cause
of trouble or uneasiness ; an act of harassing by law ;
a slight teasing trouble.
VEXATIOUS, v£k-sa^shJis, adj. 314. Afflictive,
troublesome, causing trouble ; full of trouble, full of
uneasiness; teasing, slightly troublesome.
VEXATIOUSLY, v5k-sa-sh&s-le, adj. Troublesome-
1y, uneasily.
VEXATIOUSNESS, v5k.sa-sh&s-n£s, *. Troubie-
someness, uneasiness.
VEXER, vSksi&r, s. 98. He who vexes,
VlAL, v'l-ul, s. 88. A small bottle.
VIAND, vi'&nd, 5. 88. Food, meat dressed.
VIATICUM, vl-at^-kim, s. 116. Provision for a
Journey ; the last rights used to prepare the passing soul
for its departure.
To VIBRATE, vKbrate, v. a. 91. To brandish, to
move to and fro with quick motion ; to make to quiver.
To VIBRATE, vl-brate, v. n. To play up and down,
or to and fro alternately ; to quiver; to swing.
VIBRATION, vl-bra^shun, s. 138. The act of mov-
ing or being moved with quick reciprocations, or returns.
VIBRATORY, vl-bra-tur-4, adj. Vibrating ; caus-
ing to vibrate.
. JO- For the sound of the o see Domeslick ; and for the
•ccent, see Principles, No. 512.
VlCAR, vlki&r, *. 88. 138. The incumbent of an
appropriated or impropria'ed benefice ; one who per-
forms the functions of another ; a substitute.
VICARAGE, vlk^&r-ldje, *. 90. The benefice of a
vicar.
VlCARIAL, vl-ka-r3-al, adj. Belonging to a vicar.
VICARIOUS, vl-kair^.&s, adj. 138. Deputed, dele-
gated, acting in the place of another.
ViCARSHIP, vlk-&r-sh!p, s. The office of a vicar.
VICE, vise, *. The course of action opposite to vir-
tue; a fault, an offence; the fool, or punchinello of old
shows ; a kind of small iron press with screws, used bv
workmen ; gripe, grasp.
VICE, vise, i. This word is the ablative case of the
Latin word vie'u, and is used in composition for one
who performs, in his stead, the office of a superior, or
who has the second rank in command ; as, a Vicerov
a Yi.echancelior.
R^ This word Is somewhat similar to the prefix male
in malefoiiltnt, malepractice, Ac. and seems to strengthen
the reasons given under those worils ior pronouneiii" the
first vowel long.
To VICE, vise, ». a. To draw. Obsolete.
ViCEADMiHAL, vlse-adim4-ral, t. The second
commander of a fleet; a naval officer of the second rank
VICEADMIRALTY, vlse-adimti-ial-te, j. The office
of a vice.uioiiral.
VICEAGENT, vlse.aij5nt, t. One who acts in the
place of another.
VICED, vist, adj. 359. Vicious, corrupt.
VICEGERENT, vlse-j^rint, i. A lieutenant, one
who it intrusted with the power of the superior.
ViCEGERENCY, vlse-jiir^n-s^, *. The office of a
vicegerent, lieutenancy, deputed power.
vm
167, nit 163 — thbe 171, lib 172, bull 173 — 511 299— poind 313 — ///in 466 — THis
VIGOROUS, vlgi&r-fts, adj. 314. Forcible, not
weakened, full of strength and life. — See Vaporer.
VIGOROUSLY, vig-&r-us-l£, ado. With force, for-
cibly.
VlGOROUSNESS, vlg£&r-us-ll£s, s. Force, strength.
VIGOUR, vlgi&r, s. 314. Force, strength ; mental
force, intellectual ability ; energy, efficacy.
VlLE, vile, adj. Base, mean, worthless, sordid, des-
picable ; morally impure, wicked.
VlLELY, vHe-li, adv. Basely, meanly, shamefully.
VlLENESS, vile-n^s, s. Baseness, meanness, despi-
cableness ; moral or intellectual baseness.
To VlLIFY, vlW-fl, v. a. 183. To debase, to de-
fame, to make contemptible.
VlLLA, vlWa, s. 92. A country seat.
VILLAGE, vlWidje, t. 90. A small collection of
houses, less than a town.
VILLAGER, vll-lld-j&r, s. 98. An inhabitant of a
village.
VlLLAGERY, vlWld-j&r-^, s. District of villages.
VlLLAIN, vll-lln, s. 208. One who held by a base
tenure ; a wicked wretch.
ViLLANAGE, vll'lan-adje, *. 90. The state of a
villain, base servitude j baseness, infamy.
To VlLLANlZE, vil-lan-lze, v. a. To debase, to
degrade.
VlLLANOUS, vll-lan-frs, adj. Base, vile, wicked ;
sorry.
VlLLANOUSLY, vlMan-&s-le, adv. Wickedly,
base.
ViLLANOUSNESS, v!Wiu-&s-ni§s, s. Baseness,
wickedness.
VlLLANY, vll-lan-£, s. Wickedness, baseness, de-
pravity ; a wicked action, a crime.
£5" '" ^is tribe of words we find a manifest differ-
ence between the simple villain and the compounds vil-
tany, villanoia, &c. Dr. Johnson tells us these words
are derived from the French viliain, or the low Latin
villanns. Sometimes we find the word in question writ-
ten villanni/; and it is certain, that it either ought to be
written so from the oM French villonnie, with double /and
double n, or from the modern French with these letters
single : or if we must form it from our own word villain,
(which we seldom choose to do if we can discover the
most remote relation to other languages;) in this case, I
say, we ought, according to our own analogy, to spell the
word villainy.
VlLLATICK, vll-iatitlk, adj. 509. Belonging to
villages.
VlLLI, vll-ll, s. Tii Anatomy, are the same as fibres ;
and in Botany, small hairs like the grains of plush or
shag.
VlLLOUS, vlWus, adj. 314. Shaggy, rough.
VIMINEOUS, ve mlnie-iis, or vi-mln-^-frs, adj.
Io8. Made of twigs.
VINCIBLE, vlnise-bl, adj. 405. Conquerable, su-
perable.
VINCIBLENESS, vuiise-bl-nes, *. Liableness to be
overcome.
VlNDEMIAL, vln-deim£-al, adj. 88. Belonging to
a vintage.
To VINDICATE, vlnW^-kate, v. a. 91. Tojustify,
to support, to maintain ; to revenge, to avenge ; to as-
sert, to claim with etfio,ioy ; to clear, to protect.
VINDICATION, vln-de-ka-sh&n, $. Defence, asser-
tion, justification.
VINDICATIVE, vlnidc*-ka-tlv, adj. 512. Revenge-
ful, given to revenge.
VINDICATOR, vin^d^ ka-tfir, s. 521. One who
vindicates, an assertor.
VINDICATORY, vin-de-ka-t?ir-£, adj. 512. Puni-
tory, performing the office of vengeance ; defcnsory ;
justificatory.
VINDICTIVE, vln-dik-tiv, adj. Given to revenge,
revengeful.
VINE, vine, s. The plant that bears the grape.
VINEGAR, vln-n^-g&r, s. 88. Wine grown sour;
' any thing really or metaphorically sour.
VINEYARD, vln-y^rd, j. 91. 515. A ground plant
ed with vines.
VINOUS, vl-nfts, adj. 314. Having the qualities
of wine, consisting of wine.
VINTAGE, vln^tldje, s. 90. The produce of the vine
for the year, the time in which grajK?s are gathered.
VINTAGER, vln-ta-j&r, s. He who gathers th«
vintage.
ViNTNER, vlnt-n&r, *. 98. One who sells wine.
VlOL, vi-&l, s. 1 66. A stringed instrument of mu-
sick.
VlOLABLK, vii6-li-bl, adj. 405. Such as may be
violated or hurt.
To VIOLATE, vi-A-late, v. a. 91. To injure, to
hurt ; to infringe, to break any thing venerable ; to in-
jure by irreverence; to ravish, to deflower.
VIOLATION, vi-6-la-shfrn, s. 17O. Infringement
or injury of something sacred ; rape, the act of de-
flowering.
VIOLATOR, vl-6-la-t&r, s. 521. One who injures
or infringes something sacred ; a ravisher.
VIOLENCE, vU6-l£nse, $. 170. Force, strength ap-
plied to any purpose; an attack, an assault, a murder;
outrage, unjust force; eagerness, vehemence; iiijurv,
infringement ; forcible defloration.
VIOLENT, vU6-l£nt, adj. 287. Forcible, acting
with strength; produced or continued by force; not
natural, but brought by force; unjustly assailant, mur-
derous ; unseasonably vehement ; extorted, not volun-
tary.
VIOLENTLY, vU6-13nt 14, adv. With force, forci-
bly, vehemently.
VIOLET, vliA-l«, j. 170. 287: A flower.
VlOLIN, vl-d-lin/ s. 528. A fiddle, a strinjcd in-
strument.
VlOLIST, vU6-Hst, s. A player on the viol.
VIOLONCELLO, v«£-6-16n-tsh£l-6, s. 388. A
stringed instrument of rausick.
VlPER, vi-p&r, s. 98. A serpent of that species
which brings its young alive, any thing mischievous.
VlPERINE, vi-pur-ine, adj. 149. Belonging to a
viper.
VIPEROUS, vl-p&r-Ss, adj. 314. Having the qua-
lities of a viper.
VIRAGO, v£-ra-gA, or vl-ra£g6, s. 1 38. A female
warrior, a woman with the qualities of a man. — S'c«
Lumbago.
VlRELAY, vlr'(*- la, s. A sort of little ancient French
poem, of only two rhymes and short verses.
VlRENT, viir£nt, adj. Green, not faded.
VlRGE, v£rje, s. 108. A dean's mace.
VIRGIN, v&r-jln, s. 108. A maid, a woman unac-
quainted with man; a woman not a mother ; ai-.y thing
untouched or unmingled ; the sign of the zodiack m
which the sun is in August.
See the delicate sound of the first i in this word
illustrated, Principles, No. 101.
VIRGIN, v£r-jln, adj. 237. Befitting a virgin,
suitable to a virgin, maidenly.
VIRGINAL, v£r-jln-al, adj. 88. Maiden, maidenly,
pertaining to a virgin.
VIRGINAL, v£r'jin-al, s. More usually Virginals.
A musical instrument so called because used by young
ladies.
VIRGINITY, v£r-jlni
quaintance with man.
j. Maidenhead, unac-
VIRIDITY, vl-rld^-t4, s. Greenness.
VlRILE, vl-rll, adj. 140. Belonging to man.
VIRILITY, vl-rlW-tA, or v^-rlW-t^, s. 138.
Manhood, character of man ; power of procreation.
VlRTU, v$r-t6o,' s. A taste for the elegant arts and
curiosities of nature.
VIRTUAL, v£ritshu 11, adj. 88. Having the effi.
cacy without the sensible part.
VlRTUALlTY, v^r-tshii-aW-t^, s. Efficacy.
VIRTUALLY,
not formally.
^, adv. In effect, though
VIS
568
VIV
fc5- 559. File 73, fir 77, fall 83, fat 81 — m£ 93, m&t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — n& 1C2, m5ve 164,
VIRTUE, v£r-tshi, *. 103. 461. Moral goodness;
particular moral excellence ; medicinal quality ; me-
icinal efficacy ; efficacy, power ; acting power ; secret
agency, efficacy; bravery, valour; excellence, that
which gives excellence j one of the orders of the celes-
tial hierarchy.
ftT> Dr. Hilf published in a pamphlet a petition from the
letters 7 and U to David Garrick, Esq. both complaining
of terrible grievances imposed upon them by that great
actor, who frequently banished them from their proper
stations : as in the word virtue, which they said he con-
verted into vurtue ; and in the word ungrateful, he dis-
placed the u, and made it ingrateful, to the great preju-
dice of the said letters. To this complaint, Garrick re-
plied in the following epigram :
" If it is, as you say, that I've injured a letter,
" III change my note soon, and I hope for the better i
"May the right use of letters, as well as of men,
«' Hereafter be ftVd by the tongue and the pen.
•' Most devoutly I wish they may both have their due,
« And that / may be never mistaken for U."
Murphy't Life qf Oarrick.
VlRTUELESS, v£ritshi-l£s, adj. Wanting virtue,
deprived of virtue ; not having efficacy, without ope-
rating qualities.
VIRTUOSO, v£r-t65-A-sA, S. A man skilled in an-
tique or natural curiosities ; a man studious of paint-
ing, statuary, or architecture. The plural of this worr1
is written virtuosi, and pronounced vir-too-6-sc.
VIRTUOUS, v£r-tsht-us, adj. 463. Morally good ;
chaste; done in consequence of moral goodness; effi-
cacious, powerful ; having wonderful or eminent pro-
perties ; having medicinal qualities.
VIRTUOUSLY, v&r-tsh6-frs-l6, adv. In a virtuous
manner.
ViRTUOUSNESS, vlrUshfi-&s-n£s, s. The state or
character of being virtuous.
VIRULENCE, vlr-i-l£nse,
VIRULENCY, vlr-u-l£n-s£,
son, malignity, acrimony of temper, bitterness.
VlRULENT, vlrifl-15nt, adj. 110. Poisonous, ve-
nomous; poisoned in the mind, bitter, malignant.
VIRULENTLY, vlrii-13nt-l£, adv. Malignantly, with
bitterness.
VlSAGE, vlz^ldje, ». 90. Face, countenance, look.
To VISCERATE, vls^s^-rate, v. a. To embowel, to
exenterate.
VISCID, vls^sid, adj. Glutinous, tenacious.
110. Mental poi-
VISCIDITY,
$. 138. Glutinousness, te
nacity, ropiness ; glutinous concretion.
VISCOSITY, vls-k5s^-te, s. Glutinousness, tena
city, a glutinous substance.
VisCOUNT, vi-ko&nt, s. 458. A nobleman next i
degree to an earl.
VISCOUNTESS, vl-k8&nt-5s, S. The lady of a viscounl
VISCOUS, vlsMc&s, adj. 314. Glutinous, sticky, te
nacious.
VISIBILITY, viz-d-blW-ti, s. The state or qualit
of being perceptible by the eye ; state of being appa
rent, or openly discoverable.
VISIBLE, viz^-bl, adj. 405. Perceptible by th
eye; discovered to the eye; apparent, open, consp
cuous.
VlSIBLENESS, vlz££-bl-ii£s, s. State or quality of
being visible.
VISIBLY, viz'4-bli, adv. In a manner perceptible
VISIT, vlz-lt, i. The act of going to see another.
VISITABLE, vlz^i ti-bl, «•#. 405. Liable to be
visited.
VISITANT, vlz-£-tant, s. 88. One who goes to see
another.
VISITATION, viz .^-ta-sh&n, s. The act of visiting ;
object of visits ; judicial visit or perambulation; juili-
cial evil sent by God ; communication of divine love.
VISITATORIAL, viz-£-ta t6-re-al, adj. Belonging
to a judicial visitor.
AsiTER, viz-It-t&r, s. 98. One who comes to an-
other; an occasional judge.
VlSIVE, vKslv, adj. 14O. 457. 428. Formed in
the act of seeing.
VlSOR, vlz'&r, s. 166. A mask used to disfigure
and disguise.
VlSORED, vlzi&rd, adj. 359. Masked.
i^ISTA, vlb-ta, S. 92. View, prosjiect through an
avenue.
VISUAL, vlzh'u-al, adj. 451. Used in sight, exer-
cising the power of sight.
VITAL, vi-til, adj. 88. Contributing to life, ne-
cessary to life ; relating to life ; containing life ; being
the seat of life ; so disposed as to live; essential, chiefly
necessary.
VITALITY, vl-taW-t£, s. Power of subsisting in life.
VITALLY, vi-tal 6, adv. In such a manner at to
give life.
VlTALS, vl-talz, s. Parts essential to life.
To VITIATE, vlsh^-ate, v. a. To deprave, to spoil,
to make less pure.
VITIATION, vlsh-i-aishun, s. Depravation, cor-
ruption.
VlTlOUS, vlshi&s, adj. 461. Corrupt, wicked, op-
posite to virtuous ; corrupt, having physical ill qualities.
VlTIOUSLY, vlsh.i&s-14, adv. Not virtuously, cor-
ruptly.
VlTlOUSNESS, vlsh-frs-n£s, j. Corruptness, state of
being vitious.
VITREOUS, vlt£tr£-&s, adj. Glassy, consisting of
glass, resembling glass.
VlTREOUSNESS, vit-tr£-5s-n£s, *. Resemblance of
glass.
VlTRlFlCABLE,
into glass.
by the eye.
VISION, vizhi&n, s. 451.
Sight, the faculty of
seeing ; the act of seeing ; a supernatural appearance,
a spectre, a phantom ; a dream, something shown in a
dream.
VisiOXARY, v1zhiin-a-r£, adj. Affected by phan-
toms, disposed to receive impressions on the imagina-
tion ; imaginary, not real, seen in a dream. •
VISIONARY, vlzh-un-a-ri, s. One whose imagina-
tion is disturbed.
To VISIT, vlziit, v. a. To go to see ; to send good
or evil judicially ; to salute with a present ; tocometo
turvey with judicial authority.
To VISIT, vi/iit, v. n. To keep up the intercourse
of ceremonial salutation* at the houses of each other.
trifite-ka-bl, adj. Convertible
To VlTRlFICATE, v^-trlfifi-kate, v. a. To change
into glass.
VITRIFICATION, \1t-tr£-f£-ka£sh&n, s. Produc-
tion of glass, act of changing, or state of being changed
into glass.
To VlTftIFY, vit£tr£-fl, v. a. 1 83. To change into
glass.
To VlTRIFY, vltitri-fl, v. n. To become glass.
VITRIOL, vlt-tr£-fil, S. 166. Vitriol is produced by
addition of a metallick matter with the fossil acid salt.
VITRIOLATE, vlt-tr^-6-late, ) .. ,
VlTRIOLATED, vif-ri-A-la-tSd, ( "^ ImPrC«nat-
ed with vitriol, consisting of vitriol.
VlTKlOLICK, vlt-r^-61-lk, 7 adj. Resembling vitriol,
VlTRIOLOUS, v^-trl-6-lis, J containing vitriol.
VITULINK, vit-tshi-line, adj. 149. Belonging to
a calf.
VITUPERABLE, v£-tfi£p3r-a-bl, or vl-tu-pSr-a-bl,
adj. 138. 405. Blame-worthy.
To VITUPERATE, vd-ti-p£r-ate, or vi-tu-p5r-ate,
v. a. 138. To blame, to censure.
VITUPERATION, vd-ti-p£r-a-sh&n, or vi-t6 p£r-
a'shfin, s. Blame, censure.
VIVACIOUS, v^-va-sh&s, or vi-va-shfis, adj. 138.
Long-lived; sprightly, gay, active, lively.
VIVACIOUSNESS, vd-va-sh&s-n£s, or vi-va^ }
slifrs-n£s, 138. ' s
VIVACITY, ve-vas-«*-t£, or •
Liveliness, sprightliness
power of living.
longevity, length of life ,
VOL
569
VOR
n3r 16", n?>t 163 — t&be 171, tM> 172, bull 173 — 611 299 — p35nd 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469.
VlVID, vlvild, adj. 544. Lively, quick, striking ;
With life, with quick-
sprightly, active.
VIVIDLY, vlv-td-lt*, adv.
ness, with strength.
VIVIDNESS, vlv-ld-nfs, *. Life, vigour, quickness.
To VIVIFICATE, vl-vif-fe-kate, v. a. 138. To
make alive, to inform with lite, to animate ; to recover
from such a change of form as seems to destroy the
properties.
ViviFiCATlON, vlv-d-fii-ka-sh&n, s. The act of
giving life.
VlViFlCK, vl-vlfilk, adj. 138. 509. Giving life,
making alive.
To VIVIFY, vlv^-fl, v. a. 183. To make alive,
to animate, to endue with life.
VIVIPAROUS, vl-vlpipa-r&s, adj. 138. Bringing
the young alive, opposed to Oviparous.
VlXEN, vlkisn, s. 1O3. Vixen is the name of a
she-fox, and applied to n woman, whose nature is
thereby compared to a she-fox.
VlZARD, vizi&rd, s. 88. A mask used for disguise.
VlZIER, vlz-y^re, s. The prime minister of the
Turkish empire.
VOCABLE, vo-ka-W, *. 405. A word.
VOCABULARY, v6-kabi-6-la-r£, s. A dictionary, a
lexicon, a word book.
VOCAL, v6-kal, adj. Having a voice, uttered by
the voice.
VOCALITY, vo-kaW-t£, s. Power of utterance,
quality of being utterable by the voice.
To VOCALIZE, v6ikil-ize, v. a. To make vocal ;
to form into voice.
VOCALLY, v6Mcal-4, adv. In words, articulately.
VOCATION, v6-ka-sh&n, s. Calling by the will of
God ; summons, trade, employment.
VOCATIVE, vftkii-tlv, s. 157. The grammatical
case used in railing or speaking to.
To VOCIFERATE, vd-stf^r-ite, v. n. To clamour,
to make outcries.
VOCIFERATION, vA-slf-dr-aish&n, *. Clamour,
outcry.
VOCIFEROUS, v<i-slfi4r-ts, adj. Clamorous, noisy.
VOGUE, vAg, s. 337. Fashion, mode.
VOICE, v51s, j. 299. Sound emitted by the mouth ;
sound of the mouth, as distinguished from that uttered
by another mouth ; any sound made by breath ; vote,
suffrage, opinion expressed.
VOICED, vSlst, adj. 359. Furnished with a voice.
VOID, vSid, adj. 299. Empty, vacant; vain, inef-
fectual, null; unsupplied, unoccupied; wanting, un-
furnished ; empty ; unsubstantial, unreal.
VoiD, void, s. An empty space, vacuum, vacancy.
To VOID, vSld, v. a To quit, to leave empty ; to
emit, to pour out ; to emit as excrement ; to vacate, to
nullify, to annul.
VOIDABLE, v6id-a-bl, adj. 405. Such as may be
annulled.
VOIDER, v31di&r, *. 98. A basket, in which bro-
ken meat is carried from the table.
VoiDNESS, v5id-n£s, s. Emptiness, vacuity ; nulli-
ty, inefflcaey ; want of substantiality.
VOITURE, v<W-tt
horses; a chaise.
e,' i. (French.) A carriage with
VOLANT, vA'lant, adj. Flying, passing through the
air ; active.
VOLATILE, vil^a-tll, adj. 145.
Flying through
the air ; having the power to pass off by spontaneous
evaporation ; lively, fickle, changeable of mind.
VOLATILENESS, v61-a-til-n£s,
VOLATILITY,
flying away by
evaporation, not fixity : mutability of mind.
VOLATILIZATION, v61-a-til-4-zaish&n, t. The
act of making volatile.
To VOLATILIZE, v&Ua-dl-lze, v. a. To make vo-
latile, to subtilize to the highest degree.
VOLE, vile, J. A deal at cards that draws the whole
VOLCANO, v&l-ka-nA, J. A burning mountain. — ,
See Lumbago.
VOLERY, VoU3r-£, S. 555. A flight of birds.
VOLITATION, v51-4-ta-sh&n, J. The act or power
of flying.
VOLITION, vfi-llshifin, s. The act of willing, the
power of choice exerted.
VOLITIVE, v&l^-tlv, adj. 1 58. Having the power
to will.
VOLLEY, viKW, *. A flight of shot ; an emission
of many at once.
To VOLLEY, v&I-l£, v. n. To throw out.
VoLLJED, v&Ulld, adj. 282. Disploded, discharged
with a volley.
VOLT, v6lt, s. A round or a circular tread ; a gait
of two treads made by a horse going sideways round a
centre.
VOLUBILITY, v&l-i-bUi4-t£, S. The act or power
of rolling ; activity of tongue, fluency of speech ; mu-
tability ; liableness to revolution.
VOLUBLE, v&l-i-bl, adj. 405. Formed so as to roll
easily, formed so as to be easily put in motion ; rolling,
having quick motion ; nimble, active ; fluent of words.
VoLOBLY, v6U6-blA, adv. In a voluble manner.
VOLUME, v&Kyfcme, *. 113. Something rolled, or
convolved ; as much as seems convolved at once ; a
book.
VOLUMINOUS, v6-luim& nfis, adj. Consisting of
many complications ; consisting in many volumes or
books; copious, diffusive.
VOLUMINOUSLY, v6-l&-m£-n&s-14, adv. In many
volumes or books.
VOLUNTARILY, v&U&n-ta-r4-l£, adv. Spontaneous-
ly, of one's own accord, without compulsion.
VOLUNTARY, v&l^&n-ta-r^, adj. Acting without
compulsion, acting by choice ; willing, acting with wil-
lingness ; done without compulsion •. acting of its own
accord.
VOLUNTARY, voWln-ti-r£, j. A piece of musick
played at will.
VOLUNTEER, v61-&n-te£r,' *. A soldier who enteri
into the service of his own accord.
To VOLUNTEER, v61-&n-tWr,' v. n. To go for a
soldier.
VOLUPTUARY, vi-l&p-tshi-a-ri, 5. A man given
up to pleasure and luxury.
VOLUPTUOUS, v6-16p-tshi-fis, adj. Given to ex-
cess of pleasure, luxurious.
JC?- This word is frequently mispronounced, as if writ-
ten volupshus. — See Presumptuous.
VOLUPTUOUSLY, v6-l&p-tshfr-fis-14, adv. Luxu-
riously, with indulgence of excessive pleasure.
VOLUPTUOUSNESS, vi l&p-tshi-fis-nds, s. The
state of being luxurious.
VOLUTE, v6-lite,' s. A member of a column.
VoMICA, v5m-<i-ka, s. An encysted humour in the
lungs.
VoMiCK-NUT, v&milk-nut, $. Poison that kill* by
excessive vomiti
ng-
To VOMIT, v5m-lt, v. n. To cast up the content!
of the stomach.
To VOMIT, vfimiit, v. a. To throw up from the
stomach ; to throw up with violence from any hollow..
VOMIT, v&m-lt, s. The matter thrown up from the
stomach ; an emetick medicine.
VOMITION, vo-ralsh-un, s. The act or power of
vomiting.
VOMITIVE, v&rrAJ-tlv, adj. 158. Emetick, can*.
ing vomits.
*. The quality of VOMITORY, v&m£<J-tftr-4 adj. 512. Procuring
vomits, emetick. — For the last o, see Domcstick.
VoilACIOUS, vi-raishus, adj. 357. Gret-dy to eat,
ravenous.
VORACIOUSLY, vi-ra-sh&s-lti, adv. Greedily, ra-
venously.
VORACIOUSNESS, v6-ra£sh5s-n3s,
VORACITY, v6-rasise-tti,
S. Greed i.
ness, ravenouiius*.
VUL 570 WAI
IS*- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fit 81 — me 93, mh 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 163, move 1 6-1,
VULTURE, v&l-tsh&re, *. A large bird of prey re-
markable for voracity.
VULTURINE, vul^tsha-rlne, adj. 149. Belong-
ing to a vulture.
J£^- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Buchanan, and Mf.
Nares, make the i in the last syllable of this word long, as
in fine. I join them In this pronunciation, because the ac-
cent is two syllables higher.— See Principles, No. 147-
VORTEX, vorit^ks, *. In the plural, Vortices.
Any thing whirled round.
VORTICAL, vor-te-kal, adj. 88. Having a whir-
ling motion.
VoTARIST, vA^ti-rlst, i. One devoted to any per-
son or thing.
VOTARY, vA-ta-re1, *. One devoted, as by a vow, to
any particular service, worship, study, or state of life.
VOTARESS, v&ta-rfe, l. A woman devoted to any
worship or state.
VOTE, vAte, *. Suffrage, voice gh-en and numbered.
To VOTE, vAte, v. a. To choose by suffrage, to de-
termine by suffrage; to give by vote.
VOTER, vA^tftr, 5. 98. One who has the right of
giving his voice or suffrage.
VOTIVE, vA^tlv, adj. 1 57. Given by TOW.
To VOUCH, voutsh, t). a. 313. To call to witness,
to obtest; to attest, to warrant, to maintain.
To VOUCH, voutsh, v- n. To bear witness, to ap-
pear as a witness.
VOUCH, voutsh, s. Warrant, attestation. Not in use.
VOUCHER, vo&tsh-ur, «. 98. One who gives wit-
ness to any thing ; a writing by which any thing is
vouched a receipt for money paid on account of ano-
ther.
To VOUCHSAFE, voutsh-safe^ v. a. To permit any
thing to be done without danger ; to condescend, to
grant.
Vow, voi, s. 323. Any promise made to a divine
power, an act of devotion ; a solemn promise, com
monly used for a promise of love and matrimony.
To Vow, vou, V. a. To consecrate by a solemn de-
dication, to give to a divine power.
To Vow, voi, v. n. To make vows or solemn pro-
mises.
VOWEL, voti-il, s. 99. 323. A letter which can be
uttered by itself.
VowFELLOW, vou-f£l-lA, i. One bound by the
same vow.
VOYAGE, voe-adje, i. 90. A passage by sea.
To VOYAGE, vW-adje, v. n. To travel by sea.
To VOYAGE, vi&idje, v. a. To travel, to pass
over.
VoYAGER,, vo^'a-jur, *. 98. One wJio travels by sea.
VuLCANO. vul-ka'nA, s. A burning, mountain ;
properly fo/can/).- — See Lumbago.
VcLGAR, vul-gnr, adj 88. Plebeian, suiting the
common people, practised among the common people;
mean, low, being of the common rate ; publiek, com-
monly bruited.
VULGAR, v&ligfir, s. The common people
VULGARITY, v&l-gar£4-te, *. Meanness, state of
the lowest people ; particular instance or specimen of
meanness.
VULGARISM, vil-ga-rlzm, s. An expression used
only by the vulgar or common people.
J5- This word is in no dictionary that I have met with,
b«t seems sufficiently authorized both in writing and con-
versation to entitle "it to a place in a repository of the
I'.T'gliih language.
VULGARLY, v&tigfu-le, adv. Commonly, in the
ordinary manner, among the common people.
Vui.GATE, v&Kgat, s. A noted Latin version of the
Old and New Testament ; so called, as it should seem,
according to Ash, rather from the Latin vulgo, to pub-
lish, than from vulgui, common, or popular.
VULNERABLE, vfilinur-a-bl, adj. Susceptive of
wounds, liable to external injuries.
VULNERARY, vul-n&r a re, adj. 555. Useful in
the cure of wounds.
To VULNERATE, vul-nur-ate, v. a. 91. To
wound, to hurt.
VULPINE, vul-pln, or v&l-plne, adj. Belonging
to a fox.
t> Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Scott mark the i in the last
M liable long, as in pine. I am inclined to shorten it with
Mr. Perry, like pin ; and my reason is, that the accent im-
mediately precedes it.— Ste Principles, No. HO.
w.
To WABBLE, w&bibl, v. n. 405. To shake,
to move from side to side. A low barbarous word.
WAI>, wid, *. A bundle of straw thrust close toge-
ther. Wadd, or black lead, is a mineral of great use
and value.
WADDING, wodidlng, *. 41O. A kind *f soft fluff
loosely woven, with which the skirts of coats are stuft-
ed out.
To WADDLE, wodidl, v. n. 4O5. To shake in
walking from side to side, to deviate in motion from a
right line.
To WADE, wade, v. n. To walk through the wa-
ter, to pass water without swimming ; to pass difficultly
and laboriously.
WAFER, wa'fiir, *. 98-. A thin cake; the bread
given in the Eucharist by the Roman Catholics ; paste
made to close letters.
To WAFT, waft, v. a. To carry through the air,
»r on the water; to beckon, to inform by a sign of any
thing moving.
r. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Scott, pn>
. , . ,
nounce the a in this word as I have marked it : Mr. Pei-
rv adopts the a in /W/Ser; and though Mr. Smith thinks
this the true sound, confesses the short a is daily gain.ng
ground; but W. Johnston, for want of attending to the
rule laid down in Principles, No. 85, makes waft rhyme
with soft ; Mr. Nares has not got the word ; but by omit-
ting it in classes where the a is pronounced as in father
and water, shows he is of opinion it ought to have ilia
sound I have given it.
To WAFT, waft, v. n. To float.
WAIT, waft, s. A floating body; motion of *
streamer.
WAFTAGE, waft-ldje, *. 90. Ca.rriage.by water oraip
WAFTURE, wif^tshiire, s. 461. The act of waving
To WAG, w-ag, v. a. 85. To move lightly, to snak»
slightly.
To WAG, wag, v. n. To be in quick or ludicrous
motion ; to go ; to be moved.
WAG, wag, s. One ludicrously mischievous, a merr»
droll.
To WAGE, 'wadje, v. a. To attempt, to venture ;
to make, to carry on.
WAGER, wa-j&r, *. 98. A bet, any thing pledged
upon a chance of performance.
To WAGER, wa'jur, v. a. To lay, to pledge as a bet.
WAGES, wa-jlz, 5. 99. Pay given for service.
WAGGERY, wag-ir-i, s. 55-5. Mischievous mei.u
ment, roguish trick, sarcastical gaiety.
WAGGISH, wag'lsL, adj. 383. KnavUhly merry,
memly mischievous, frolickspme.
WAGGISHNESS, wagilsh-nfe, s. Merry mi§chief.
To WAGGLE, wag-gl, v. n. 4O5. To waddle, to
move from side to side.
WAGGON, or WAGON, wag'in, s. 166. A heaty
carriage for burdens; a chariot.
WAGGONER, or WAGONER, wag-an-ftr, s. 98.
One who drives a waggon.
WAGTAIL, wag-tale, s. A bird. Generally called a
water-wagtail.
WAID, wade, adj. 202.
Crushed. Obsolete.
WAIF, v>afe, s. Goods found and claimed by nobody.
That of which every one waives the claim. Sometime*
wrkten icn/or weft. This, says Mr. Mason, is a legal
word, but uot legally explained"; since BUtks'.uuc wj.t
571
WAN
nor 167, nSt 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bull 173—311 299 — pSund 313— //tin 466 — THIS 469.
waifs are goods stolen and waived, or thrown away by
the thief in his flight.
To WAIL, wale, v. a. To moan, to lament, to be-
wail.
To WAIL, wale, v. n. 202. To grieve audibly, to
express sorrow.
WAIL, wale, ,?. Audible sorrow.
WAILING, wa-llng, s, 410. Lamentation, moan,
audible sorrow.
WAILFUL, wale-ful, adj. Sorrowful, mournful.
WAIN, wane, s. A carriage.
WAINROPE, wane-ripe, s. A large cord, with which
the load is tied on the waggon.
WAINSCOT, w£n-skut, s. The inner wooden cover-
ing of a wall.
To WAINSCOT, w£n£skut, v. a. To line walls with
boards ; to line in general.
JtV I have given the common sound of this word ; and
as it is marked by Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenriek, Mr. Scott,
•nd adopted in Steeled Grammar. Mr. Perry pronounces
the first syllable so as to rhyme with man ; but W. John-
s'on, who pronounces both this word and waistcoat with
the ai short, is, in my opinion, the most correct.
WAIST, waste, s. The smallest part of the body,
the part below the ribs ; the middle deck of a ship.
WAISTCOAT, w&i-k&t, s. A garment worn about
the waist ; the garment worn by men under the coat.
Jf5" This word has fallen into the general contraction
observable in similar compounds, but, in my opinion, not
•o irrecoverably as some have done. It would scarcely
sound pedantic *i_f both parts of the word were pronounced
with equal distinctness ; though Mr. Sheridan and Mr.
Scott pronounce the diphthong as 1 have marked it.
To WAIT, wate, V. a. To expect, to stay for ; to
attend, to accompany with submission or respect; to
attend as a consequence of something.
To WAIT, wate, v. n. To expect, to stay in expec-
tation ; to pay servile or submissive attendance ; to at-
tend ; to stay, not to depart from ; to follow as a con
sequence.
WAIT, wate, $• Ambush, secret attempt.
WAITER, wa-tur, s. 98. An attendant, one who at-
tends for the accommodation of others.
WAITS, wates, s. Nocturnal itinerant musicians.
To WAIVE, wave, V. a. To put off, to quit, to re-
linquish.
fcf I have inserted this word on the authority of Black
stone, quoted by Mr. Mason, as may be seen under tin
word IFaif, ana I remember to have seen it spelled it
Uiis manner, though I cannot recollect by whom. Its ety
rnology is uncertain ; but, distinguishing it from the won
ffave, from which it can scarcely be derived, is of rea
utility to the language, which, as much as possible, ough
to adopt a different orthography to express a different sense
or a different pronunciation.— See Bowl.
To WAKE, wake, v. n. To watch, not to sleep
to be roused from sleep, to cease to sleep ; to be put it
action, to be excited.
To WAKE, wake, v. a. To rouse from sleep ; t
excite, to put in motion or action ; to bring to lii'e a
fain, as if from the sleep of death.
WAKE, wake, s. The feast of the Dedication of th
Church, formerly kept by watching all night; vigils
state of forbearing sleep.
WAKEFUL, wake-ful, adj. Not sleeping, vigilant.
WAKEFULNESS, wake-ful-n£s, *. Want of sleep
forbearance of sleep.
To WAKEN, wa-kn, v. n. 103. To wake, to ceas
from sleep, to be roused from sleep.
To WAKEN, wa-kn, v. a. To rouse from sleep
to excite to action ; to produce, to bring forth.
WALE, wale, s. A rising part in cloth.
To WALK, wawk, v. n. 84. To move by leisure-
ly steps, so that one foot is set down before the othe
is taken up ; it is used in the ceremonious language o
invitation for Come or Go ; to move for exercise or a
musement ; to move the slowest pace, not to trot, g;t
lop, or amble; to appear as a spaetre ; to act in sleej
to act iu any particular manner.
To WALK, wawk, v. a. To pass through.
WALK, wawk, *. 84. Act of walking for air or ex
ercise; gait, step, manner of moving a length of space,
or circuit through which one walks; an avenue set with
trees; way, road, range, place of wandering; a fish :
Walk is the slowest or least raised pace or going of a
horse.
iVALKER, wawk^&r, s. 98. One that walks ; a fuller.
WALKINGSTAFF, wawk-lng-staff, s. A stick which
a man holds to support himself in walking.
WALL, wall, s. 33. 77. 84. A series of brick or
stone carried upwards and cemented with mortar, the
sides of abuikling; fortification, works built for de-
fence : to take the Wall, to take the upper place, not to
give place.
To WALL, wall, v. a. To enclose with walls ; to
defend by walls.
WALLCREEPER, walUkr££p-ur, s. A bird.
WALLET, w&Mlt, * 85. 99. A bag in which the
necessaries of a traveller are put, a knapsack; any thing
protuberant and swapging.
WALLEYED, wall-ide, adj. Having white eyes.
WALLFLOWER, wall-fl5u-ur, s. — See StockgUli-
Jlower.
WALLFRUIT, wall-froot, s. Fruit which, to be
ripened, must be planted against a wall.
To WALLOP, w5W&p, v. n, 166. To boil.
WALLOUSE, wall-louse, s. An insect.
To WALLOW, wfil-16, v. n. 85. To move heavily
and clumsily ; to roll himself in mire or any thing filthy;
to live in any state of filth or gross vice.
WALLOW, wSlUo, s. 85. A kind ef rolling or
grovelling motion.
WALLRUE, wa!irr6c% s. An herb.
WALLWORT, walliw&rt, *. A plant, the same wit*
dwarf-elder, or danewort. — See Klder.
WALNUT, wall-nut, s. The name of a tree ; th«
fruit and wood of 'he tree.
WALLPEPPER, wall-p£p-pur, $. Houseleek.
WAI.TRON, wall-tr&n, s. 166. The seahorse.
To WAMBLE, wftmibl, v. n, 405. To roll with
nausea and sickness. It is used of the stomach.
WAN, won, adj. 85. Pale as with sickness, languid
of look.
r Sheridan has given the a in this word and its
compounds, the same sound as in man. Kir. Scott and Dr.
Kenriek have given both the sound I have given and Mr.
Sheridan's, but seem to prefer the former by placing it
first. I have always he.ir>l it pronounced like the first
syllable of wan-tons and find Mr. Nares, W. Johnston,
and Mr. Perry, have so marked it. I have, indeed, heard
wan, the old preterit of the verb to win, pronounced so as
to rhyme with ran : but as this form of the verb is obso-
lete, the pronunciation is so too. — See fVasp.
WAND, w&nd, *. A small stick or twig, a long rod ;
any staff of authority or use ; a charming rod.
To WANDER w&n^dftr, v. n. 98. To rove, to
ramble here and there, to go without auy certain course;
to deviate, to go astray.
To WANDER, wonid&r, v. a. To travel over with-
out a certain course.
WANDERER, w&n-d&r-ur, s. 555. Kover, rambler.
WANDERING, w&nidur-lng, s. 41O. Uncertain
peregrination ; aberration, mistaken way ; uncertainty ;
want of being fixed.
To WANE, wane, v. n. To grow less, to decrease ;
to decline, to sink.
WANE, wane, *. Decrease of the moon ; decline,
diminution, declension.
WANNED, w6nd, adj. 85. 359. Turned pale and
faint coloured.
WANNESS, w&n'n£s, *. Paleness, languour. — See
Wan.
To WANT, w5nt, v. a. To be without something
fit or necessary ; to be defective in something; to fall
short of, not to contain ; to need, to have need of, to
lack ; to wish for, to long for.
To WANT, w&nt, v. n. 85. To be wanted, to be
improperly absent; to fail, to be deficient.
WANT, w&nt, s. Need ; deficiency ; the stat« of
uof having ; poverty, penury, indigenes.
WAR
572
WAS
t5- 559. File 73, fir 77, fSll 83, fat 81 — mi 93, mh 95— pine 1O5, pin 107 — nA 1<?2, m6ve 164,
WANTON, w5n-t&n, adj. 166. Lascivious, libidi-
nous; licentious, dissolute; frolicksome, gay, sportive,
airy; loose, unrestrained; quick and irregular of mo-
tion ; luxuriant, superfluous ; not regular, turned for-
tuitously.
WANTON, w&nit&n, s. A lascivious person, a strum,
pet, a whoremonger ; a trifler, an insignificant flatter-
er ; a word of slight endearment.
To WANTON, w5n-t&n, v. n. To play lasciviously ;
to revel, to play : to move nimbly and irregularly.
WANTONLY, w&n^t&n-l^, adv. Lasciviously, fro-
licksomely, gayly, sportively.
WANTONNESS, w&n^tfin-n^s, *. Lasciviousness,
lechery; sportiveness, frolick, humour; licentiousness,
negligence of restraint.
WANTWTT, w&nt^wit, *. A fool.
WAPED, wa-p£d, adj. Dejected, crushed by misery.
Obsolete.
WAPENTAKE, wipi£n-take, s. The same as hun-
dred, a division of a county; so called because the in-
habitants were wont to give up their weapons to the
lord in token of subjection.
WAR, war, *. 85. The exercise of violence under
sovereign command ; the instruments of war, in poe-
tical language ; forces, army ; the profession of arms,
hostility, state of opposition, act of opposition.
To WAR, wir, v. n. To make war, to be in a state
of hostility.
To WARBLE, wiribl, ». a. 405. To quaver any
sound; to cause to quaver; to utter musically.
To WARBLE, war'bl, v. n. To be quavered ; to
be uttered melodiously ; to sing.
WARBLER, waV-bl-&r, s. 98. A singer, a songster.
To WARD, ward, v. a. To guard, to watch ; to de-
fend, to protect ; to fence off, to obstruct, or turn aside
any thing mischievous.
To WARD, ward, v. n. To be vigilant, to keep
guard ; to ad upon the defensive with a weapon.
WARD, wSrd, s. 85. Watch, act of guarding ; guatd
made by a weapon in fencing ; fort-ess, strong hold ;
district of a town; custody, confinement; the part of
a lock which, corresponding to the proper key, hinders
any other ; one in the hands of a guardian ; the state
of a child under a guardian ; guardianship, right over
orphans.
WARDEN, wSridn, s. 103. A keeper, a guardian ;
a head officer ; a large pear.
WARDER, wird-&r, s. 98. A keeper, a guard ; a
truncheon by which an officer of arms forbade tight.
WARDMOTE, wird-mAte, s. A meeting, a court
held in each ward or district in London for the direc-
tion of theii affairs.
WARDROBE, ward-robe, s. A room where clothes
are kept.
WARDSHIP, warrUship, s. Guardianship ; pupilage,
state of being under ward.
WARE, ware. The pret. of Wear, more frequently
Wore.
WARE, ware, adj. For this we commonly say A-
ware ; being in expectation of, being provided against ;
cautious, wary.
To WARE, ware, v. n. To take heed of, to beware.
^V ARE, ware, s. Commonly something to be sold.
WAREHOUSE, warehouse, s. A storehouse of
merchandise.
WAKELESS, ware-l£s, adj. Uncautious, unwary.
WARFARE, war-fare, *. Military service, miKtary
life.
WARILY, wa£r£-l£, adv. Cautiously, with timorous
prudence, with wise forethought.
WARINESS, wa-r£-n£s, s. Caution, prudent fore-
thought, timorous scrupulousness.
WARLIKE, warlike, adj. Fit for war, disposed to
war; military, relating to war.
WARLOCK, ) wSr^lSk, s. (Scottish.) A witch,
WARI.UCK, $ a wizard.
WARM, warm, adj. 85. Not cold, though not hot ;
heated to a small degree ; zealous, ardent ; violent, fu-
rious, vehement ; busy in action ; fanciful, enthusi-
astick.
To WARM, warm, v. a. To free from cold, to heat m
a gentle degree ; to heat mentally, to make vehement.
WARMINGPAN, war^mlng-pan, s. A covered brass
pan for warming a bed by means of hot coals.
WARUINGSTONE, w£r£mlng-st6ne, s. The warm-
ing-stone is dug in Cornwall, which, being once weB
heated at the fire, retains its warmth a great while.
WARMLY, wirm-le^, adv. With gentle heat ; eager-
ly, ardently.
WARMNESS, warmings, 7
WARMTH, warmrA, f '' Gentle heat; "^
passion, fervour of mind ; fancifulness, enthusiasm.
To WABN, wirn, t>. a. 85. To caution against
any fault or danger, to give previous notice of ill ; to
admonish to any duty to be performed, or practice or
place to be avoided or forsaken ; to notify previously
good or bad.
WARNING, warning, s. 41O. Caution against
faults or dangers, previous notice of ill.
WARP, warp, s. 85. That order of thread in a
thing woven that crosses the woof.
To WARP, wirp, v. n. To change from the trim
situation by intestine motion ; to contract ; to lose its
proper course or direction.
To WARP, wirp, v. a. To contract, to shrivel ; ta
turn aside from the true direction.
To WARRANT, wSr-rant, ». a. To support or
maintain, to attest ; to give authority ; to justify; to ex-
empt, to privilege, to secure ; to declare upon'surety.
WARRANT, w&r-rant, 5. 1 68. A writ conferring
some right or authority; a writ giving the officer of
justice the power of caption ; a justificatory commission
of testimony ; right, legality.
WARRANTABLE, wor-rant-a-bl, adj. Justifiable,
defensible.
WAHRANTABLENESS, w&r^rant-a-bl-n&s, s. Jus-
tifiableness.
WARRANT ABLY, w&r-rant-a-ble, adv. Justifiably.
WARRANTER, w6rirint-fir, s. One who gives au-
thority ; one who gives security.
WARRANTISE, wSr-ran-tize, *. Authority, secu-
rity. Not used.
WARRANTY, w&rirant-e, *. Authority, justific*.
tory mandate; security.
WARREN, w&rirln, s. 99. A kind of park for rabbit*.
WARRENER, w5r-rln-&r, s. 98. The keeper of •
warren.
WARRIOR, Wariy&r, s. 3 1 4. A soldier, a military
rran.
WART, wSrt, s. 85. A corneous excrescence, •
small protuberance on the flesh.
WARTWORT, wart-wfcrt, s. Spurge.
WARTY, war-t^, ail). Grown over with warts.
WARWORN, war-wirn, adj. Worn with war.
WARY, wa^rel, adj. Cautious, scrupulous, timorous
ly prudent.
WAS, w5z. The pret. of To Be.
To WASH, w&sh, v. a. 85. To cleanse by ablu
tion ; to moisten ; to affect by ablution ; to colour 'jj
washing.
To WASH, w&sh, v. n. To perform the act of ab-
lution ; to cleanse clothes.
WASH, w&sh, s. 85. Alluvion, any thing collected
by water ; a bog, a marsh, a fen, a quagmii c ; a medi-
cal or cosraetick lotion ; a superficial stain or colour;
the feed of hogs gathered from washed dishes ; the act
of washing the clothes of a family, the linen washed
at once.
WASHBALL, w&sh-b&ll, S. Ball made of soap.
WASHER, w&sh-ur, s. 98. One who washes.
WASHY, w&sh-£, adj. Watery, damp ; weak, not solid.
WASP, w5sp, i. 85. A brisk stinging insect, in form
resembling a bee.
J£5" Mr. Sheridan has pronounced this word so as to
rhyme with hasp, clasp, &c. This sound is so perfectly
new to me, that I should have supposed it to have beta
WAT
073
WAX
167, nit 163 — tibe 171, tftb 172, bull 173 — 511 299 — pSfind 313 — t/iln 466 — THIS 409.
To WATER, wiit&r, v. n. 98. To shed moisture ;
«n error of the press, if Mr. Scott and Dr. Kenrick had
not marked it in the same manner : Mr. Smith and Mr.
Perry approach somewhat nearer to the true sound of a,
by giving it the same sound as in father ; but Mr. Nares
and W. Johnston give it the sound of short o, like the a
in was, wash, &c. ; and that this is the true sound, see
Principles, No. 85.
WASPISH, wosp-lsh, adj. Peevish, malignant, irri-
table.
WASPISHLY, wSsp-lsh-le1, adv. Peevishly.
WASPISHNESS, w&sp-Ish-n£s,
ritability.
Peevishness, ir-
WASSAIL, wSs^sll, s. 208. A liquor made of apples,
sugar, and ale, anciently much used by English good-
fellows; a drunken bout.
WASSAILEK, w6s-sll-&r, s. A toper, a drunkard.
WAST, w&st. The second person of Was, from To Be.
To WASTE, waste, v. a. 74. To diminish ; to
destroy wantonly and luxuriously; to destroy, to deso-
late; to wear out; to spend, to consume.
To WASTE, waste,
state of consumption.
V. n. To dwindle, to be in a
WASTE, waste, adj. Destroyed, ruined ; desolate,
uncultivated ; superfluous, exuberant, lost for want of
occupiers ; worthless, that of which none but vile uses
can be made; that of which no account is taken or va-
lue found.
WASTE, waste, *. Wanton or luxurious destruction,
consumption, loss; useless expense; desolate or un-
cultivated ground; ground, place, or space unoccupi-
ed; region ruined and de&erted; mischief, destruction.
WASTEFUL, wasteiffil, adj. Destructive, ruinous,
wantonly or dissolutely consumptive ; lavish, prodigal,
luxuriantly liberal.
WASTEFULLY, wasteiful-4, adv. With vain and
dissolute consumption.
WASTEFULNESS, wasteiful-ne's, *. Prodigality.
WASTE*, waster, *. 98. One that consumes dis-
solutely and extravagantly, a squanderer, vain con-
sumer.
WATCH, w5tsh, s. 85. Forbemnce of sleep ; atten-
dance without sleep ; attention, close observation ;
guard, vigilant keep ; watchmen, men set to guard ;
place where a guard is set; a period of the night; a
pocket clock, a small clock moved by a spring.
To WATCH, witsh, v. n. Not to sleep, to wake ;
to keep guard ; to look with expectation ; to be atten-
tive, to be vigilant ; to be cautiously observant; to be
insidiously attentive.
To WATCH, w5tsh, v. a. To guard, to have in
keep ; to observe in ambush j to tend ; to observe in or-
der to detect or prevent.
WATCHER, w6tsh-&r, s. 98. One who watches ;
diligent overlooker or observer.
WATCHET, wfitshilt, adj. 99. Pale blue.
WATCHFUL, w&tsh-ffll, adj. Vigilant, attentive,
cautious, nicely observant.
WATCHFULLY, w$U|#&l-£, adv. Vigilantly, cau-
tiously, attentively, with cautious observation.
WATCHFULNESS, w5tsh-fiM-n£s, s. Vigilance,
heed, suspicious attention, cautious regard ; inability to
sleep.
WATCHHOUSE, w&tshihS'ise, ». Place where the
watch is set.
WATCHING, w&tsh-lng, s. 410. Inability to sleep.
WATCHMAKER, w5tsh-ma-k&r, s. One whose trade
it is to make watches, or pocket clocks.
WATCHMAN, w&tsh-mau, *. 88. Guard, sentinel,
one set to keep ward.
WATCHTOWER, w5tshit3i-&r, s. Tower on which
a sentinel was placed for the sake of prospect.
WATCHWORD, w&tshiw&rd, *. The word given to
the sentinels to know their friends.
WATER, vva-t&r, s. 38. 85. 76. 86. On* of the
four elements ; the sea ; urine : to hold Water, to be
sound, to be tight : it is used for the lustre of a diamond.
To WATER, wa-tir, v. a. 64. To irrigate, to stip-
nly with moisture ; to supply with water for drink ; to
'ertilize or accommodate with streams ; to diversify, as
with waves.
to get or take in water, to be used in supplying water ;
the mouth Waters, the man longs.
WATERCOLOURS, wait&r-k&l-urz, s. Painten
make colours into a soft consistence with water, those
they call Water-colours.
WATERCHESSES, wa-t&r-kr^s-siz, s. 99. A plant.
There are five species,
WATEHER, wa-t&r-fir, s. 555. One who waters.
WATERFALL, wa-t&r-fall, *. Cataract, cascade.
WATERFOWL, wlUtur-fSil, «. Fowl that live or get
their food in water.
WATERGRUEL, wait&r-griS-H, s. Food nwte with
oatmeal and water.
WATERINESS, wait&r-i nSs, s. Humidity, moisture.
WATERISH, w&it&r-ish, adj. Resembling water ;
moist, insipid.
WATERISHNESS, wa-t&r-Ish-ne's, s. Thinness, re-
semblance of water.
WATERLEAF, wa-t&r-14fe, s. A plant.
WATERLILY, waitur-lll-le, s. A plant.
WATERMAN, wa't&r-man, s. 88. A ferryman, a
boatman.
WATERMARK, wa-t&r-mark, s. The utmost limit
of the rise of the flood.
WATERMELON, waU&r-m£l-un, s. A plant.
WATERMILL, wa-t&r-mlll, s. Mill turned by water
WATERMINT, waitur-mlnt, *. A plant.
WATER-ORDEAL, wa-tur-5r-d£-al, s. An old mode
of trial by water.
IT"?- fyater.ordeal was performed, either by plunging
the bare arm up to the elbows in boiling water, and escap-
ing unhurt thereby ; or by casting the suspected person
into a river or pond ; and if he floated therein without
swimming, it was deemed an evidence of his guilt.
WATERRADISH, wa-t&r-rAd-lsh, j. A species of
watercresses,— which see.
WATERRAT, wait&r-rat, s. A rat that makes holei
in banks.
WATERROCKET, wait&r-rik-it, j. A species of
watercresses.
WATERVIOLET, wa-tfir-vl-6-l£t, *. A plant.
WATERSAPPHIRE, wait&r-saf-fir, s. A sort of
stone. The occidental sapphire is neither so bright nor
so hard as the oriental
WATERWITH, wait&r-wl<A, s. A plant of Jamaica,
growing on dry hills where no water is to be met with ;
its trunk, if cut into pieces two or three yards long and
held by either end to the mouth, affords, plentifully,
water or sap to the thirsty traveller.
WATERWORK, wa-t&r-wurk, s. Play of fountains,
any hydraulic performance.
WATERY, W£Ut&r-4, adj. Thin, liquid, like water ;
tasteless, insipid, vapid, spiritless; wet, abounding
with water ; relating to the water ; consisting of water.
WATTLE, wit-tl, *. 405. The barbs, or loose red
flesh that hangs below the the cock's bill ; a hurdle.
To WATTLE, w6t-tl, v. a. To bind with twigs, to
form, by plaiting twigs.
WAVE, wave, s. Water raised above the level of
the surface, billow ; unevenness, inequality.
To WAVE, wave, v. n. To play loosely, to float ;
to be moved as a signal.
To WAVE, wave, v. a. To raise into inequalities
of surface ; to move loosely ; to waft, to remove any
thing floating ; to beckon, to direct by a waft or mo-
tion of any thing ; to put off; to put aside for the pre-
sent.
To WAVER, waiv&r, v. n. 98. To play to and fro,
to move loosely ; to be unsettled ; to be uncertain or
inconstant, to fluctuate, not to be determined.
WAVKRER, wa-v&r-&r, s. One unsettled and irre-
solute.
WAVY, wa^ve1, adj. Kiting in waves j playing to
and fro, as in undulations.
To WAWL, wawl, v. n. To cry, to howl.
WAX, wttks, s. The thick, tenacious mutur gathered
WEA
574
WED
£?• 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83, fat 81 — mt* 93, m3t 95 — pine 105, pin 107 — nA 162, m5ve 164,
by the bees; arty tenacious mass, such as is used to fas- and the long sound first; but W. Johnston marks it witn
' ten letters; the substance that exudes from the ear. | the short sound only.
hich is W"EAPONED, wSp'pnd, adj. 359. Armed fordefencc,
furnished with arms.
WEAPONLESS, w£p-pn-lls, adj. Having no wea-
pon, unarmed.
To WEAR, wa
or time; to consume tediously ; to carry appendain to
the body, to use as clothes ; to exhibit in appearance
to effect by degrees; to Wear out; to harass; to was 1 3
or destroy by use.
To WEAR, ware, v. n. To be wasted with ise oc
time ; to be tediously spent ; to pass by degrees.
WEAR, wire, S. The act of wearing; the thing
worn ; a dam to shut up and raise the water ; often
written Weir or Wier.
WEARER, wa-rur, s. 98. One who has any thing
appendant to his person.
WEARING, warring, s. 410. Clothes.
WEARINESS, w&r£-n&s, *. Lassitude, state of be-
ing spent with labour ; fatigue, cause of lassitude; iiu-
patience of any thing ; tediousness.
he a in this word being followed by r,
no more than ks, the preceding u> loses its deepening
power, and the word comes under the rule in the Princi-
ples, No. 85.
To WAX, waks, v. a. To smear, to join with wax.
To WAX, waks, v. n. Fret. Waxed : part. pass.
Waxed, Waxen. To grow, to increase, to become big-
ger ; to pass into any state, to become, to grow.
"WAXEN, wak-sn, adj. 103. Made of wax.
WAXWORK, waksiw&rk, i. Figures formed in wax,
in imitation of the substance* they represent.
WAY, wa, s. 220. The roed in which one travels ;
a length of journey ; course, direction of motion ; ad-
passage, power of progression made or
th of jo
in life;
given ; local tendency ; course, regular progression ; si-
tuation where a thing may properly be found; a situa-
tion or course obstructed or hindered ; tendency to any
meaning or act; access, means of admittance ; sphere
of observation ; means, mediate instrument, interme-
diate step; method, means of manapement; private
determination ; manner, mode ; method or plan of life,
conduct, or action ; right method to act or know ; ge-
neral scheme of acting ; by the Way, without any ne-
connexion with the main design ; to go or come
sary co
's Way
or Ways, to come along, or depart.
WAYFARER, wa-fa-rfir, j. 98. Passenger, tra-
veller.
WAYFARING, wa-fa-rlng, adj. 410. Travelling,
passing, being on a journey.
To WAYLAY, wa-la,' v- a. To watch insidiously
in the way ; to beset by ambush.
WAYLAYER, wa-lai&r, j. 98. One who waiU in am-
bush for another.
WAYLESS, wa-l4s, adj. Pathless, untracked.
WAYMARK, wa-mlrk, s, Mark to guide in tra-
velling.
WAYWARD, wa-wurd, adj. 88. Froward, peevish,
morose, vexatious.
WAYWARDLY, wa-w&rd-l^, adv. Frowardly, per-
versely.
WAYWARDNESS, wa-w&rd-n£s, s. Frowardness,
perverseness.
WE, wW, jn-on. 96. 246. The plural of I.— See 7.
WEAK, w£ke, adj. 227. Feeble, not strong ; infirm,
not healthy; soft, pliant, not stiff; low of sound; fee-
ble of mind; wanting spirit; not much impregnated
with any ingredient ; not powerful, not potent; not
well supported by argument ; unfortified.
TO WEAKEN, w&lm, v. a. 103. To debilitate,
to enfeeble.
WEAKLING, w^keMlng, s. 410. A feeble creature.
WEAKLY, w£ke-l£, adv. Feebly, with want of
strength.
WEAKLY, w£keMd, adj. Not strong, not healthy.
WEAKNESS, wekein£s, s. Want of strength, want
of force, feebleness ; infirmity, unhea'thiness ; want of
cogency ; want of judgment, want of resolution, fool-
ishness of mind ; defect, failing.
WEAKSIDE, wike-side,' *. Foible, deficiency, in-
firmity.
WEAL, wele, J. 227. Happiness, prosperity, flou-
rishing state; republick, state, publick interest.
WEALD, w£Ide, *. A wood, a grove. Old Saxon.
WEALTH, w£l</j, *. 234. 515. Riches, money, or
precious goods.
WEALTHILY, w
WEALTHINESS,
WEALTHY,
1\> WEAN, wen
, adv. Richly.
n£s, s. Richness.
adj. Rich, opulent.
e, v. a. 227. To put from the
breast ; to withdraw from any habit or desire.
WEANLING, wine-ling, s. 410. An animal new-
ly weaned ; a child newly weaned.
"WEAPON, wSpipn, s. 234. Instrument of offence.
ft^ This word is not unfrequently pronounced with the
•a long, as in heap, reap; but Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott,
Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, and Mr. Perry, pronounce il
»ith the diphthong short ; Mr. Barclay gives it both « lys,
WEARISOME, w4-r£-s&m, adj. 165. Trouble-
some, tedious, causing weariness.
WEARISOMELY, we£r£-sum-l£, adv. Tediously,
so as to cause weariness.
WEARISOMENESS, w&r£-s&m-n£s, *. The quality
of tiring ; the state of being easily tired.
To WEARY, wd-rd, v. a. To tire, to fatigue, to
harass, to subdue by labour; to make impatient of con-
tinuance ; to subdue or harass by any thing irksome.
WEARY,
adj. 227. Subdued by fatigue,
tired with labour ; impatient of the continuance of an y
thing painful ; desirous to discontinue ; causing weari-
ness, tiresome.
WEASEL, w&zl, s. 102. 227. A small animal that
eats corn and kills mice.
WEASAND, w£-zn, s. 227. The windpipe, the pas-
sage through which the breath is drawn and emitted.
WEATHER, W^TH-ir, s. 234. State of the air, re-
specting either cold or heat, wet ordryness; the change
of the state of the air ; tempwt, storm.
To WEATHER, w&TH-ur, v. a. 469. To expose to
the air ; to pass with difficulty ; to Weather a point,
to gain a point against the wind ; to Weather out, to
endure.
WEATHERBEATEN,
ed and seasoned by hard weather.
, adj. Harass-
WEATHERCOCK, w£rHi&r-kSk, *. An artificial
cock set on the top of the spire, which by turning show »
the point from which the wind blows ; any thing fiekk'.
WEATHERDRIVEN, w&rH^&r-drlv-vn, part. Foro.
ed by storms.
WEATHERGAGE, w^TH-ur-gadje, $. Any thing
that shows the weather.
WEATHERGLASS, we'TH'&r-glas, *. A barometer.
WEATHERSPY, w&rH-fir-spl, s. A starg; zer, an
astrologer.
WEATHERWISE, w^TH-ir-wize, adj. skilful w
foretelling the weather.
To WEAVE, w^ve, v. a. Pret. Wove, Wenml ;
part. past. Woven, Weaved. To form by texture ; to
unite by intermixture; to interpose, to insert.
To WEAVE, w£ve, v. n. 227. To work with a loom.
WEAVER, we^v&r, s. 98. One who makes thread*
into cloth.
WEB, -w£b, S. Texture,, any thing woven ; a kind of
dusky film that hinders the sight.
WEBBED, w£bd, adj. 359. Joined by a film.
WEBFOOTED, weWut-^d, adj. Having film* be-
tween the toes.
To WED, wed, v. a. To marry, to take for hu-.
band or wife; to join in marriage; to unite for ever :
to take for ever ; to unite by love or fondness.
To WED, w£d, r. n. To contract matrimony.
WEDDING, wld-dlng, j. 410. Marriage, nuji'i.ils,
the nuptial ceremony.
W£DGE, w£dje, s. A body, which haring a sharp
WEL
575
WES
tifir 167, n&t 163 — ti'ibe 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — <Ml 299— pound 313 — f/iin 466— THis 469.
'edge, continually growing thicker, is used to cleave
timber; a mass of metal; any thing in the form of a
wedge.
To WEDGE, w£dje, v. a. To fasten with wedges,
to straiten with wedges, to cleave with wedges.
WEDLOCK, w£d-15k, s. Marriage.
WEDNESDAY, w3nz-d£, s. 223. The fourth day
of the week, so named by the Gotliick nations from
Woden or Odea..
WEE, w£, adj. Little, small.
WEECHELM, w^tsh^lm, s. A species of elm,
often written IVUchdm.
WEED,
*. An herb noxious or useless ; a
garment, clothes, habit.
To WEED, w^d, v. a. 246. To rid of noxious
plants ; to take away noxious plants ; to free from any
thing hurtful ; to root out vice.
WEEDER, we^d-&r, s. 98. One who takes away
any thing noxious.
WEEDHOOK, wWd'hSdk, s. A hook by which
weeds are cut away or extirpated.
WEEDLESS, wWd-ISs, adj. Free from weeds, free
from any thing useless or noxious.
WEEDY, w££d-4, adj. Consisting of weeds ; abound-
ing with weeds.
WEEK, w^k, s. 246. The space of seven days.
WEEKDAY, W^k^da, S. Any day except Sunday.
WEEKLY, wt5£k-14, adj. Happening, produced, or
done once a week, hebdomadary.
WEEKLY,
madal periods.
adv. Once a week, by hebdo-
To WEEN, wWn, v. n. 246. To imagine, to form
a notion, to fancy.
To WEEP, wWp, v. n.
Fret, and part. pass.
Wept, Weeped. To show sorrow by tears ; to shed tears
from any passion ; to lament, to complain.
To WEEP, wdep, v.a. 246 To lament with tears, to be-
wail, to bemoan ; to shed moisture ; to abound with wet.
WEEPER, wdep-iir, j. 98. One who sheds tears ;
a mourner ; a white border on the sleeve of a mourn-
ing coat.
To WEET, we^t, v. n. Pret. Wot, or Wote. To
know, to be informed, to have knowledge.
V EETLESS, we^t-l&s, adj. 246. Unknowing.
WEEVIL, w&vl, s. 159. A grub.
WEEZEL, we-zl, s. — Soe Weasel.
WEFT, weft, *. The woof of cloth.
WEFTAGE, wSf'tldje, s. 90. Texture.
To WEIGH, wa, v. a. 249. 290. To examine by
the balance; to be equivalent to in weight; to pay,
allot, or take by weight ; to raise, to take up the anchor ;
to examine, to balance in the mind ; to Weigh down,
to overbalance ; to overburden, to oppress with weight.
To WEIGH, wa, v. n. To have weight ; to be con-
sidered as important; to raise the anchor; to bear
heavily, to press hard.
WEIGHED, wade, adv. 359. Experienced.
WEIGHER, wa-&r, s. One who weighs.
WEIGHT, wate, .s. Quantity measured by the ba-
lance; a mass by which, as the standard, other bodies
are examined; ponderous mass; gravity, heaviness,
tendency to the centre ; pressure, burden, overwhelm-
ing power; importance, power, influence, efficacy.—
See Eight.
WEIGHTILY, wa-t^-14, adv. Heavily, ponderously ;
solidly, importantly.
WEIGHTINESS, wa-tci-ne's, *. Ponderosity, gravity,
heaviness; solidity, force; importance.
WEIGHTLESS, watt-les, adj. Light, having no
gravity.
WEIGHTY, wa-te, adj. 249. Heavy, ponderous ;
important, momentous, efficacious ; rigorous, severe.
WELCOME, w&ik&m, adj. 165. Received with
laduess, admitted willingly, grateful, pleasing; to bid
gla
W
WELCOME, w^l-k&m, inte~j. A form of salutation
elcome, to receive with prolessions of kindness.
to a new comer,
WELCOME, we'l-k&m, *. Salutation of a new comer j
kind reception of a new comer.
To WELCOME, weUk&m, v. a. To salute a new
comer with kindness.
WELCOMENESS, w£l'k&m-nels, s. Gratefulness.
WELCOMER, w£l-k5m-&r, s. 98. The saluter or
receiver of a new comer.
WELD, weld, s. Yellow weed, or dyer's weed.
WELFARE, wel-fare, s. Happiness, success, pros-
perity.
WELK, welk, s. A wrinkle.
WELKED, welkt, adj. 359. Wrinkled, wreathed.
WELKIN, w5l-kln, s. The visible regions of the air.
WELL, well, S. A spring, a fountain, a source ; a
deep narrow pit of water ; the cavity in which stairs
are placed.
To WELL, we'll, v. n. To spring, to issue as from a
spring.
WELL, we'll, adj. Not sick, not unhappy ; conveni-
ent, happy; being in favour; recovered from any sick-
ness or misfortune.
WELL, well, adv. Not ill, not unhappily ; not ill,
not wickedly; skilfully, properly ; not amiss, not un-
successfully; with praise, favourably: as Well as, to-
gether with, not less than : Well is him, he is happy :
Well nigh, nearly, almost: it is used much in Compo*
sition, to express any thing right, laudable, 01 not de-
fective.
WELLADAY, w&^a-da, interj. Alas !
WELLBEING, wel-be-lng, s. 4 10. Happiness, pro»-
perity.
WELLBORN,
Not meanly descended.
WELLBRED, w£l br£d/ adj. Elegant of manners,
polite.
WELLNATURED, \v3l-na-tshurd, adj. Good-natur-
ed, kind.
WELLDONE, w&l-d&n, interj. A word of praise.
WELLFAVOURED, w£l-fa-v&rd, adj. Beautiful,
pleasing to the eye.
WELLMKT, w£l-m£t,' interj. A term of salutation.
WELLNIGH, w£l-nl,' adv. Almost.
WELLSPENT, w£l-sp£nt, adj. passed with virtue.
WF.LLSPHING, w£l-sprlng, s. Fountain, source.
WELLWILLER, wSl-wllil&r, j. One who means
kindly.
WELLWISH, w5l-wlsh,' s. A wish of happiness.
WELLWISHER, w£l-wish-&r, s. One who wishet
the good of another.
WEI.T, welt, s. A border, a guard, an edging.
To WELTER, w£lttur, v. n. 98. To roll in water
or mire ; to roll voluntarily, to wallow.
WEN, w£n, s. A fleshy or callous excrescence.
WENCH, w£nsh, s. A young woman ; a young wo-
man in contempt ; a strumpet.
WENCHER, w£nsh'fir, s. 98. A fomicator.
To WEND, w£nd, v. n. Obsolete. To go, to pass
to or from; to turn round,
WENNY, w£ni|>£, adj. Having the nature of a wen.
WENT, w£nt. Preterit of the obsolete verb Wend,
to Go.
WEPT, w£pt. Preterit and participle of Wetp.
WERE, w£r, 94. The plural of Was; the pret. of
the verb To be, which see; likewise the participle Inen.
WERT, w£rt. The second person singular of the }>re~
terit of To be.
WEST, wfist, s. The region where the sun seta be-
low the horizon at the equinoxes.
WKST, \v£st, adj. Being towards, or coming from,
the region of the setting sun.
WEST, w£st, adv. To the west of any place.
WESTERING, w^sti&r-ing, adj. 410. Passing t«
the west.
WESTERLY, w5st-5r-l£, adj. Tending or being to.
w^rds the wc$u
WIIE
576
WHI
&}• 559. F4te7S, ftr 77, fill 83, fat 81 — mi 93, m<h 95— pine 103, pin 107 — nA 162, m3ve 164
WESTERN, w^stiirn, atlj. Being in the west, or
toward the part where the sun sets.
WESTWARD, w£st-w&rd, ado. 88. Towards the
vest.
WESTWARDLY, w£st-wfird-l<*, adv. With tendency
to the west.
WET, w5t, adj. Humid, having some moistuie ad-
hering; rainy, watery.
WET, w5t, s. Water, humidity, moisture.
To WET, w5t, v. a. To moisten ; to drench with
drink.
WETHER, weTH-&r, J. 98. 469. A ram castrated.
WETNESS, wit^n&s, S. The state of being wet, mois-
ture.
WETSHOD, w5t^sh5d, adj. Wet over the shoes.
To WEX, w3ks, v. n. To grow, to increase.
J£5" This word, says Johnson, was corrupted from wax
by Spenser, for a rhyme, and imitated by Dryden : and
I make no doubt but that many of our corruptions in pro-
nunciation are owing to the same cause.
WEZAND, wt^zn, s. The windpipe.
WHALE, hw&le, *. 397. The largest of fish, the
largest of the animals that inhabit this globe.
WHALEBONE, hwale^bAne, s. The fin of a whale ;
the fin of a whale cut, and used in making stays.
WHALY, hwa-li, adj. Marked in streaks.
WHARF, hwSrf, s. A perpendicular bank or mole,
raised for the convenience of lading or emptying vessels.
WHARFAGE, hwSrWdje, s. 90. Dues for landing
at a wharf.
WHARFINGER, hwirifln-j&r, s. One who attend*
a wharf.
A'HAT, hw5t, pronoun, 397. That which; which
part; something that is in one's mind indefinitely;
which of several ; an interjection by way of surprise or
question ; What though, What imports it though ? not-
withstanding; What time, What day, at the time when,
on the day when ; which of many ? interrogatively ; to
how great a degree ; it is used adverbially for partly,
in part ; What ho ! an interjection of calling.
WHATEVER, hw&t-£viur, 98. >„
WHATSOEVER, hw&t-sA-Sviir, { Pron- HavlDg
one nature or another, being one or another, either ge-
ncrically, specifically, or numerically ; any thing, be
it what it will ; the same, be it this or that; all that,
the whole that, all particulars that.
WHEAL, hwile, *. 227. A pustule, a small swel-
ling filled with matter.
WHEAT, hw£te, s. 227. The grain of which bread
is chiefly made.
WHEATEN, hw&tn, adj. 103. Made of wheat
WHEATEAR, hwlttydre, s. A small bird very de-
licate.
To WHEEDLE, hw&£dl, v. a. 405. To entice by
soft words, to flatter, to persuade by kind words.
WHEEL, hw&l, s. 397. A circular body that turns
round upon an axis ; a circular body, a carriage that
runs upon wheels; an instrument on which criminals
are tortured ; the instrument of spinning ; rotation, re-
volution ; a compass about, a track approaching to cir-
cularity.
To WHEEL, hw&l, v. n. To move on wheels ; to
turn on an axis ; to revolve, to have a rotatory motion ;
to turn, to have vicissitudes; to fetch a compass; to
roll forward.
To WHEEL, hw&l, v. a. To put into a rotatory
motion, to make to whirl rott/xt.
WHEELBARROW, hw&libar-rA, f. A carriage dri-
ven forward on one wheel.
WHEELER, hw&l-ur, s. A maker of wheels.
WHEELWRIGHT, liwWlirlte, s. A maker of wheel
carriages.
WHEELY, hwWW, adj. Circular, taitable to ro-
tation.
To WHEEZE, hwWze, v. n. To breathe with noise.
WHELK, hwclk, s. An inequality, a protuberance-
« pustule. — See ff'elt.
Ti WHELM, hw&rn, t>. a. To corer with some-
thing not to be thrown off, to bury; to throw upon
something so as to cover or bury it
WHELP, hw£lp, S. The young of a dog, a puppy ;
the young of any beast of prey ; a son ; a young mau.
To WHELP, hw£lp, v. n. To bring young.
WHEN, hw£n, adv. 397. At the time that ; at what
time; what time; at which time; after the time that j
at what particular time; When as, at the time when,
what time.
WHENCE, hwSnse, adv. From what place ; from
what person ; from what premises; from which placa
or person ; for which cause ; from what source ; from
Whence, a vicious mode of speecli ; of Whence, ano-
ther barbarism.
WHENCESOEVER, hw3nse-sA-£vi&r, adv. From
what place soever.
WHENEVER, hw£n-£?-ur, 7 adv. At what-
WHENSOEVER, hw£n-sA Svi&r, $ soever time.
WHERE, hware, adv. 73. 94. At which place or
places ; at what place ; at the place in which ; any
Where, at anyplace ; Where, like Here, has in compo
sition a kind of pronominal signification.
WHEREABOUT, hware-a-b6ut, adv. Near what
place ; near which place ; concerning which.
WHEREAS, hwire-az,' adv. When on the contrary ;
at which place ; the thing being so that.
WHEREAT, h wire-it/ adv. At which.
WHEREBY, bware-bi,' adv. By which.
WHEREVER, hware-3v-5r, at!v. At whatsoerer
place.
WHEREFORE, hware-fore, adv. For which reatca ;
for what reason.
WHEREIN, hware-in/ adv. In which.
WHEREINTO, hware-ln-tofy adv. Into which.
WHEB.ENESS, hwarein^s, s. Ubiety.
WHEREOF, hware-Sf? adv. Of which. — See Fortlt-
with.
WHEREON, hware-&n,' adv. On which.
WHERF.SO, hware^sA, 7
WHERESOEVER, hware-sA £vifir, 5
what place soever.
WHERETO, hware-tSS/
WHEREUNTO, hware-6n-t5<V
WHEREUPON, hwar£-fip-6n,' adv. Upon which.
WHEREWITH, hware-wl//*,' )
WHEREWITHAL, hware-wlTH-all/ J
With which.
R5" For the different sounds of th in these words, se»
Forthwith.
To WHEBRET, hwSrirlt, v. a. 99. To hurry, to
trouble, to tease ; to give a box on the ear.
WHERRY, hw£r£ri, s. A light boat used on rivers.
To WHET, hw£t, v. a. To sharpen by attrition, to
edge, to make angry or acrimonious, to give appetite.
WHET, hw£t, *. The act of sharpening ; any thing
that makes hungry, as a dram.
WHETHER, hwCTH-fir, adv. 469. A particle ex-
pressing one part of a disjunctive question in opposition
to the other.
WHETHER, hw5TH-&r, pron. Which of two.
WHETSTONE, hw£t-stAne, i. Stone on which any
thing is whetted or rubbed to make it sharp.
WHETTEB, hw£tit&r, s. 98. One who whets ot
sharpens.
WHEY, hwi, «. 269. The thin or serous part of
milk, from which the oleose or grumous part is sepa-
rated ; it is used of any thing white and thin.
WHEYEY, hwa^, 7 adj. Partaking of whey,
WHEYISH, hwaMsh, J resembling whey.
WHICH, hwltsh. The pron. relative, relating to
things ; it formerly was used for Who, and related like-
wise to persons, as in the first words of the Lord's prayer
It sometimes has whose in the genitive case.
WHICHSOEVER, bwitsh-s6-£v-&r, ;«wt. Whether
one or the other.
WHIFF, hwif, ado. A bUut, a puff of wind.
adv. In
adv. To which
adv. 43.5.
WHI
57T
Will
nSr 167, n&t 16S — tribe 171, tftb 172, bull 173 — ill 299 — p51nd 313 — thin 466 — THIS 469
To WHIFFLE, hwlf-fl, v. n. 405. To more in- WHIRLBAT, hw£rl-bit, *. Any thing moved rapidly
constantly, as if driven by a puff of wind. | round to give a blow.
WHIFFLER, hwififl-fir, s. 98. One that blows WHIRLIGIG, hw2r-li-glg, I. A toy which chiKl-
itrongly ; one of no consequence, one moved with a
whiff or puff.
WHIG, hwlg, *. Whey ; the name of a party in
politicks.
WHIGGISH, hwlgiglsh, adj. 882. Relating to the
Whigs.
WHIGGISM, hwlg-glzm, s. The notions of a Whig.
WHILE, hwlle, ». Time, space of time.
n\ f adv. During the time that ;
WHILST, hwllst, \
as long as ; at the same time that.
To WHILE, hwlle, v. n. To loiter.
WHILOM, hwi-l&m, ado. 166. Formerly, once,
of old.
WHIM, hwlm, s. A freak, an odd fancy, a caprice.
To WHIMPER, hwlm-p&r, v. n. To cry without
any loud noise.
WHIMPLED, hwlm-pld, ad}. 359. This word seems
to mean distorted wilh crying.
WHIMSEY, hwlm-z£, s. 438. A freak, a caprice,
an odd fancy.
WHIMSICAL, hwlmiz^-kll, adj. Freakish, capri-
cious, oddly fanciful.
WHIN, hwln, s. Furze, gorse.
A place where
ren spin round.
WHIRLPIT, h\v3rl-plt,
WHIRLPOOL, hw3rl-p65l,
the water moves circularly, and draws whatever comes
within the circle towards its centre; a vortex.
WHIRLWIND, hw^rl-wlnd, s. A stormy wind
moving circularly.
WHIRRING, hw£r-rlng, adj. A word formed in
imitation of the sound expressed by it, as, the Whir-
ring pheasant.
WHISK, hwlsk, s. A small besom, or brush.
To WHISK, hwlsk, v. a. To sweep with a small
besom; to move nimbly, as when one sweeps.
WHISKY, hwls^k£, S. A term signifying water,
and applied in Scotland and Ireland by way of eminence
to ttrong water or distilled liquor.
WHISKER, hwls-k&r, 5. 98. The hair growing on
the cheek unshaven ; the mustachio.
To WHISPER, hwls-pur, v. n. To speak with a
low voice.
To WHISPER, hwls-p&r, ». a. To address in a
low voice ; to utter in a low voice ; to prompt secretly.
WHISPER, hwls-p&r, s. 98. A low soft voice.
WHISPERER, hwls-p&r-&r, s. One who speaks
low ; a private talker.
To WHINE, hwlnc, v. n. To lament in low mur- WHIST, hwlst A verb, an adjective, and an inter.
miirs, to make a plaintive noise, to moan meanly and
effeminately.
WHINE, hwine, s. Plaintive noise, mean or affect-
ed complaint.
To WHINNY, hwlii-n^, v. n. To make a noise like
a horse or colt.
WHINYARD, hwlniy&rd, s. 88. A sword, in con-
tempt.
To WHIP, hwlp, v. a. To strike with any thing
tough and flexible ; to sew slightly ; to drive with lash-
es; to correct with lashes ; to lash with sarcasm ; to en-
wrap ; to take any thing nimbly.
To WHIP, hwlp, t;. n. To move nimbly.
\\ HIP, hwlp, j. An instrument of correction tough
and pliant.
WHIPCORD, hwlpikSrd, s. Cord of which lashes
are made.
WHIPGRAFTING, hwlpigrif-tlng, s. The method
of grafting in which the graft is bound on to the stock.
WHIPHAND, hwlpihind, s. Advantage over.
WHIPLASH, hwlpilish, s. The lash or small end
of a whip.
WHIPPER, hwlpip&r, s. 98. One who punishes
with whipping.
WHIPPINGPOST, hwlpiplng-pAst, ». A pillar to
which criminals are bound when they are lashed.
WH1PSAW, hwlpi-s&w, s. The whipsaw is used by
joiners to saw such great pieces of stuff as the hand-saw
will not easily reach through.
WHIPSTAFF, hwlp^stAf, s. A piece of wood fas-
tened to the helm, which the steersman holds in his
hand to move the helm and turn the ship.
WHIPSTER, hwlp^stir, s. 98. A nimble fellow
in contempt.
WHIPT, hwlpt, adj. 359. For Whipjied.
To WHIRL, hw£rl, v. a. \
_, ... , j , > To turn round rapidly.
To WHIRL, hwerl, v. n. )
WHIRL, hwSrl, *. 108. Gyration, quick rotation,
circular motion, rapid circumvolution ; any thing mov-
ed with rapid rotation.
£5* There appears to me to oe a delicate difference, by
far too nice for foreigners to perceive, between the sound
of i in this word, and the short sound of u, as if it were
written u'fturl, which is the pronunciation Dr. Kenrick,
Mrt Scott, and W. Johnston, nave adopted. I have rather
adhered, with Mr. Sheridan, to the genuine sound of t in
virgin, virtue, <kc. though I would recommend the other
found to foreigners and provincials as the more easily
conceived, and sufficiently near i)m truth.
jection. Are silent ; still, silent ; be still.
WHIST, hwlst, S. A game at cards, requiring close
attention and silence ; vulgarly pronounced ff/iM: «
To WHISTLE, hwls-sl, v. n. 472. To form a kind
of musical sound by an inarticulate modulation of the
breath ; to make a sound with a small wind instrument ;
to sound shrill.
To WHISTLE, hwls-sl, v. a. To call by a whistle.
WHISTLE, hwls-sl, s. 405. Sound made by the mo-
dulation of the breath in the mouth ; a sound made by
a small wind instrument; the mouth, the organ of
whistling; a small wind instrument; the noise of winds
a call, such as sportsmen use to their dogs.
WHISTLER, hwlsisl-ur, s. 98. 397. One who
whistles.
WHISTLY, hwlst-15, adv. Silently.
WHIT, hwlt, s. 397. A point, a jot.
WHITE, hwlte, adj. 397. Having such an appear-
ance as arises from the mixture of all colours, snowy ;
having the colour of fear, pale ; having the colour a'p-
propriated to happiness and innocence ; gray with age ;
pure, unblemished.
WHITE, hwite, s. Whiteness, any thing white,
white colour; the mark at which an arrow is shot ; the
albugineous part of eggs ; the white part of the eye.
To WHITE, hwlte, v. a. To make white.
WUITELEAD, hwite-13d,' s. The ceruse, a kind of
substance much used in house-painting.
WHITELY,
adj. Coming near to white.
WHITEMEAT, hwiteim^te, s. Food made of milk ;
the flesh of chickens, veal, rabbits, &c.
To WHITEN, hwKtn, v. a. 103. To make white.
To WHITEN, hwi^tn, v. n. To grow white.
WHITENER, hwl-tn-fir, s. 98. One who makei
any thing white.
WHITENESS, hwite&OJt, S. The state of being white,
freedom from colour ; paleness; purity, cleanness.
WHITEPOT, hwlte-p&t, s. A kind of custard.
WHITETHORN, hwitei*/iorn, s. A species of thorn.
WHITEWASH, hwite-w5sl>, s. A wash to make the
skin seem fair; a kind of liquid plaster with which
walls are whitened.
To WHITEWASH, hwlte^wish, v. a. To main
white by applying a wash to the surface ; to give a lair
representation of a bad character.
WHITEWINE, hwite-wine, s. A species of win*
produced from the whit* grape*.
WHO 379 vVIL
|^- 559. FAte 73, far 77, fill 83, fiU 81 — me 93, m5t 95— pme 105, pin 107— nA 1«2, niA™ 1 64,
tVHOREDOM, hAAr'dum, 5. Fornication.
WHOREMASTER, hAArim&s-tar, \ nnewh
WHOREMONGER, hAAr^mfing-gfir, f *'
keeps whores, or converses with a tbrnicatress.
WHORESON, hAArls&n, j. A bastard.
ORISH, hAAKlsh, adj. Unchaste, incontinent.
WHORTLEBERRY, hwir-tl-b£r-r£, *. Bilberry.
WTHOSE, hAAz. Genitive of Who ; genitheof Which.
WHITHER, h\vlTH'-?ir, adv. 469. To what place,
interrogatively ; to what place, absolutely ; to which
place, relatively; to whnt degree.
WHITHERSOEVER, hwlTH-ftr-sA-^vi&r, adv. To
whatsoever place.
WHITING, hwiiting, J. 410. A small sea-fish; a
soft chalk.
WHITISH, hwl-tlsh, s. Somewhat white.
WHITISHNESS, hwl-t!sh-n£s, i. The quality of be-
ing somewhat white.
WHITELEATHER, hwltMSrH-fir, *. 515. Leather
dressed with alum, remarkable for toughness.
WHITLOW, hwlt-lo, i. A swelling between the cu-
ticle and cutis, called the mild whitlow; or between
the periosteum and the bone, called the malignant
whitlow.
WHITSTER, hwlt^stfir, s 515. A whitener.
WHITSUNTIDE, hwltlsin-tlde, s. So called because
the converts newly baptized appeared from Raster to
Whitsuntide in white ; the feast of Pentecost
WHITTLE, hwlt-tl, *. 515. A white dress for a
woman ; a knife.
To WHITTLE, hwltltl, ». a. 405. To make white
by cutting ; as boys are said to whittle a stick when
thev cut off the bark and make it white.
Tn WHIZ, hwlz, t;. a. To make a loud hissing noise.
WHO, hoA, jyron. 474. A pronoun relative applied
to persons; as, Who should say, elliptically for, as one
who should say.
WHOEVER, hAA-e'vi&r, pron- Any one, without
limitation or exception.
WHOLE, hAle, adj. 474. All, total, containing all ;
uninjured, unimpaired; well of any hurt or sickness.
WHOLE, hAle, *. The totality, no part omitted.
WHOLESALE, hAle^sale, s. Sale in the lump, not
in separate small parcels.
WHOLESOME, hAle^sCirn, adj. 165. Sound, con-
tributing to health ; preserving, salutary ; kindly, plea-
sing.
WHOLESOMELY, hAleisfim-lt*, adv. Salubriously,
salutiferously. %
WHOLESOMENESS, hokisum-ngs, s. Quality of
conducing to health, salubrity ; salutariness, condu-
civeness to good.
WHOLLY, hAk£4, adv. 474. Completely, perfectly ;
totally, in all the parts or kinds.
8^- From an ill-judged omission of the silent e in this
word, its sound has bren corrupted as if written hvlly :
but it ought undoubtedly to be written wholely, and pro-
nounced like the adjective holy, and so as to correspoiic
and rhyme with solely.
WHOM, hAAm.
and plural.
The accusative of Who, singular
WHOMSOEVER, h&Am-sA eVur, jn-on. Any with-
out exception.
WHOOBUB, hiib^bub, 3. Hubbub.
WHOOP, hAAp, ». A shout of pursuit ; a bird.
To WHOOP, hAAp, v. n. To shout with scorn ; to
shout insultingly ; to shout in the chase.
To WHOOT, hAAt, v.
See To Hoot.
a. To insult with shouts. —
WHORE, hA&r, or hAre, j. A woman who converses
unlawfully with men, a fomicatress, an adulteress, a
strumpet ; a prostitute, a woman who receives men fo
money.
85" if there can be a polite pronunciation of this vul
gar word, it is the Brs>t of these, rhyming with poor. Thi
.Stage has followed this pronunciation ; Mr. Sheridan hn
adopted it ; but Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Scott give the pre
frrencc to the last; and W. Johnston, Mr. Elphinston
Mr Perry, and Barclay, adopt only the last, rhyming
with more. This, it must be confessed, is the most ana
logical ; but as it is used by the vulgar, the polite world
think they depart a little from the vulgarity of the word
by departing from its genuine pronunciation.
To WHORE, hAAr, v. n. To converse unlawful)
with the other sex.
To WHORE, hAAr, v. a. To corrupt with regard
to chastity.
7
i&r, $
on. Ar.y, with-
out restriction.
WHOSO, hAA^sA,
WHOSOEVER, hAA-sA-^v
WHURT, hw&rt, *. A whortleberry, a bilberry.
WHY, hwi, adv. 397. 475. For what reason? in-
terrogatively; for which reason, relatively; for what
reason, relatively ; it is sometimes used emphatically.
WHYNOT, hwUnfit, *. A cant word for violent or
peremptory procedure.
WTICK, wlk, s. The substance round which is ap-
plied the wax or tallow of a torch or candle.
WICKED, wlkild, adj. 99. Given to vice, flagiti-
ous, morally bad; it is a word of ludicrous or slight
blame; cursed, baneful, pernicious, bad in effect.
WICKEDLY, wik-ld-li, adv. Criminally, corruptly.
WICKEDNESS, wlklld-n&s, s. Corruption of man-
ners, guilt, moral ill.
WlCKER, wlk-fir, adj 98. Made of small sticks.
WlCKET, wlk-lt, *. 99. A small gate.
WlDE, wide, adj. Broad, extended far each way ;
broad to a certain degree, as, three inches wide ; devi-
ating, remote.
WlDE, wide, adv. At a distance ; with great ex-
tent.
WTIDELY, wldeile:, adv. With great extent each
way ; remotely, far.
To WIDEN, wi-dn, v. a. 103. To make wide, to
extend.
To WIDEN, wVdn, r. n. To grow wide, to ex-
tend itself.
WIDEN ESS, wld«ln£s, s. Breadth, large extent each
way, comparative breadth.
WIDGEON, wldfjln, *. 259. A water-fowl not un-
like a wild duck, but not so large.
WIDOW, wld-A, *. 327. A woman whose husband
is dead.
To WIDOW, wld-A, v. a. To deprive of a hus-
band; to endow with a widow right; to strip of aiiy
thin" good.
WIDOWER, wldiA-&r, *. 98. One who has lost
his wife.
WIDOWHOOD, wld^A-hfid, *. The state of a wi-
dow ; estate settled on a widow.
WiDOWHUNTER, wld^A-h&nt-&r, s. One who
courts widows for a jointure.
WlDOWMAKF.R, wld-A-iria- k &r, *. One who de-
prives women of their husbands.
WIDTH, width, s. Breadth, wideness.
To WIELD, weeld, v. a. 275. To use with full
command, as a thing not too heavy.
WlELDY,
, adj. Manageable.
WiERY, wl-r£, adj.
%$' When this word signifies made of wire, or drawn
into wire, Dr. Johnson says it were better written why;
but ought not fiery, for the same reason, to be written
Jiry t When it signifies wet, wearish, or moiit, perhaps it
should be pronounced like weary, fatigued.
WIFE, wife, s. Plural Wives. A woman that haj
a husband ; it is used for a woman of low employment.
WiFELY, wlfe-1^, adj. Becoming a wife.
WlG, wig, j. FaUe hair worn on the head ; a tort
of cake.
WIGHT, wite, *. 393. A person, a being, now used
only in irony or contempt.
WlLD, wild, adj. Not tame, not domestfck ; props
gated by nature, not cultivated; desert, uninhabited;
savage, uncivilized ; turbulent, tempestuous, irregular;
licentious, ungovcrued; inconstant, mutable, tickle;
WIN
579
WIN
]';7, n5t 163 — tube 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — 511 299— pound 313 — thin 466— THIS 469.
inordinate, loose ; uncouth, strange ; done or made , Jj^- These two modes of pronunciation have been long
without any consistent order or plan; merely imaginary. ' contending for superiority, till at last the former seems to
nr __iu _ ... . . •*'-'• have gained a complete victory, except in the territories of
rhyme. Here the poets claim a privilege, and readers
uninhabited.
To WILDER, wil^d&r, v. a. 515. To lose or puz
zle in an unknown or pathless tract.
WILDERNESS, wi|id&r-n£s, s. A desert, a tract of
solitude and savageness ; the state of being wild or dis-
orderly.
WlLDFIBE, wild-fire, S. A composition of inflam-
mable materials, easy to take fire, and hard to be ex-
tinguished.
WlLDGOOSECHASE, Wild-gSos-tshase, *. A pur-
suit of something that is unlikely to be caught.
WILDING, wild-Ing, s. 410. A wild sour apple.
seem willing to grant it them, by pronouncing this word,
when it ends a verse, so as to rhyme with the word it is
coupled with :
For as in bodies, thus In son! we find,
What wants in blood and spirits, fill'd
B'Jt in prose this regular and analogical pronunciation
borders on the antiquated and pedantic.
What could have been the cause of this deviation from
the general rule in this word and gold, it is not easy to
guess ; they were both bound to their true sound in th«
fetters of rhyme ; but these fetters, which are supposed to
alter the pronunciation of some words by linking dissimi-
lar sounds, have not been strong enough to restrain tliese
from a capricious irregularity. It is not improbable that
WlLDLY, wild-l«J, adv. Without cultivation ; with
WlI.DSERVICE, wlld-slrivls, J. A plant.
WlLE, wile, s. A deceit, a fraud, a trick, a strata-
gem, a practice artful and sly.
WlLFUL, wll-ful, adj. Stubborn, contumacious,
perverse, inflexible ; done or suffered by design.
WILFULLY, wil£ful-£, ado. Obstinately, stubborn-
ly ; by design, on purpose.
WlLFULNESS, wll-f'ul-n£s, s. Obstinacy, stubborn-
ness, pcrverseness.
WlLlLY, wl'lWi, adv. By stratagem, fraudulently.
WlLINESS, wi-ld n£s, s. Cunning, guile.
WlLL, will, S. Choice, arbitrary determination ;
discretion; command, direction; disposition inclina-
tion, desire; power, government; divine determina-
tion ; testament, disposition of a dying man's effects ;
Good-will, favour, kindness ; right intention ; Ill-will,
malice, malignity.
To WILL, will, v. a.
To desire that any thing
should be, or be done; to be inclined or resolved to have;
to command, to direct. Neuterly, to dispose of effects
by will.
WILLING, willing, adj. 410. Inclined to any
thing; pleased, desirous ; favourable, well disposed to
anything; readv, complying; spontaneous; consenting.
WILLINGLY, wll-llng-1^, adu. With one's own con-
sent, without dislike, without reluctance ; by one's own
desire.
WILLINGNESS, wlUllng-n^s, s. Consent, freedom
from reluctance, ready compliance.
WlLLOW, wll-lA, s. 327. A tree worn by forlorn
lovers.
WlLLOWISH, wll-16-ish, adj. Resembling the co-
lour of willow.
WlLLOWWORT, wil'16-wurt, s. A plant.
WlLY, wl-li, adj. Cunning, sly, full of stratagem.
WlilBLE, wim-bl, s. 405. An instrument with
which holes are bored.
WiMPLE, wl n-pl, s. 405. A hood, a veil.
To WlN, win, v. a. Fret. Wan and Won ; part.
Won. To gain by conquest; to gain the victory in a
contest ; to gain something withheld ; to obtain ; to
gain by play ; to gain by persuasion ; to gain by court-
ship.
To WlN, win, v. n. To gain the victory ; to gain
influence or favour ; to gain ground ; to be conqueror
or gainer at play.
To WlNCE, vvlnse, v. a. To kick as impatient of a
rider, or of pain.
To WiNCH, wlnsh, v. a. 352. To kick with im-
iwtienee, to shrink from any uneasiness.
most impracticable. Mr. Sheridan tells us, that Swift
used to jeer those who pronounced wind with the i short,
by saying, " I have a great viind to find why you pro-
nounce it wind." A very illiberal critic retorted this up-
on Mr. Sheridan, by saying, " If I may be so bould, I
should be glad to be toM why you pronounce it g<n>:d."
The truth is, every child knows how these words ought
to be pronounced according to analogy ; but it require*
some judgment, and an extensive acquaintance with po-
lite and literary circles, to know which is the most current
pronunciation. Where analogy is not so evident, and yet
as real as in these words, it is some credit to a speaker Id
depart a little from custom in favour of analogy ; but
where every one knows as well as ourselves what ought to
be the pronunciation, and yet where every one pronoun-
ces in opposition to it, we shall get nothing but contempt
by ^departing from the general voice. With respect to the
words in question, my observation fails me, if wind, as a
single word, is not more fixed in the sound of short f,
than gold in the sound of oo ; the true sound of this last
word seems not quite irrecoverable, except in the com-
pound goldsmith ; but the compounds of wind, such as
windy, windmill, windward, &c. must, in my opinion, be
given up ; nor, till some superior spirit, uniting the po-
liteness of a Chesterfield with the genius of a Swift, de-
scends to vindicate the rights of an injured word, do I
think that wind will, in prose and familiar language, ever
be a fashionable pronunciation. The language of Scrip-
ture seems to have native dignity and solemnity sufficient
to authorize the long sound, but no other. Mr. Sheridan
and Mr. Scott give the same preference to the first sound
of this word that I have done. Dr. Keniick and Mr. Bar-
clay give only the short sound. Mr. Perry joins them in
this sound ; but says, in dramatick scenes it has the long
one. Mr. Nares says, it has certainly the short sound in
common usage, but that all our best poets rhyme it with
mind, kind, <xc. ; and Mr. Smith observes, that it is now
the polite pronunciation, though against analogy.
To WIND, wind, v. a. To blow, to sound by infla-
tion ; to turn round, to twist ; to regulate in action ;
to nose, to follow by scent.
To WIND, wind, v. a. To turn by shifts or expe-
dients; to introduce by insinuation ; to change; to in-
twist, to infold, to encircle : To Wind out, to extricate ;
To Wind up, to bring to a small compass, as a bottom
of thread; to convolve the spring; to raise by degrees ;
to straiten a string by turning that on which it is rolled ;
to put in tune.
To WIND, wind, v. n. To turn, to change ; to
turn, to be convolved ; to move round ; to proceed in
flexures ; to be extricated, to be disentangled.
WINUBOUND, wind-boind, a(tf. Confined by con-
trary winds.
WINDER, wind-fir, s. 98. An instrument or per-
son by which any thing is turned round ; a plant that
twists itself round others.
WINDFALL, wind-fall, s. Fruit blown down from the
]>atience, to snruiK trom any uneasiness. tree.
WlND, wind, or wind, s. A strong motion of the WlNDFLOWEB, wind-flou-ur, ». The anemone, a
air ; direction of the blast from a particular point ; I flower.
580
WIT
£5- 559- Fate7S, fir 77, fall 83, fit 81 — me 93, m£t 95 — pine 1O5, pin 107 — nA 162, mSve 164,
WiNDGUN, wlndig&n, s. A gun which discharges I WlNY, wi-ni, adj. Having the taste or qualities oi
a bullet by means of wind compressed. I wine.
WlNDINESS, wlnMeUne's, s. Fulness of wind, fla- To WlPE, wipe, v. a. To cleanse by rubbing with
something soft ; to take away by tersion ; to strike off
gently ; to clear away ; to Wipe out, to efface.
tulence ; tendency to generate wind ; tumour, puffiness.
WINDING, wind-Ing, *. 410. Flexure, meander.
WlNDINGSHEET, wlndMng-she<h, s. A sheet in
which the dead are inwrapped.
WINDLASS, wlnd-lis, 5. 515. A handle by which
a rope or lace is wrapped round a cylinder; a handle
by which any thing is turned.
WINDMILL, wind-mill, s. A mill turned by the
wind.
WINDOW, wln^d.6, *. 327. An aperture in a build.
ing by which air and light are imroraitted ; the frame
of gla'ss, or any other material that covers the aperture ;
lines crossing each other; an aperture resembling a
window.
To WINDOW, win-d&, v. a. To furnish with win-
dows ; to place at a window ; to break into openings.
WINDPIPE, wlndiplpe, or wind-pipe, s. The pas-
sage for the breath.
WlNDTIGHT, wlnd-tlte, adj. Fenced against winds.
WINDWARD, wlnd-w&rd, adj. 88. On the wea-
ther side, on the side from which the wind blows, the
reverse of leeward.
WlNDY, wln'd4, adj. Consisting of wind ; next the
wind ; empty, airy, tempestuous, molested with wind ;
puffj', flatulent.
WlNE, wine, i. The fermented juice of the grape;
preparations of vegetables by fermentation, called by
the general name of Wines.
WlNG, wing, s. 410. The limb of a bird by which
it flies ; a fan to winnow ; flight, passage by the wing ;
the side bodies of an army ; any side piece.
To WlNG, wing, v. a. To furnish with wings, to
enable to fly, to maim a bird by hitting the wing ; to
supply with side bodies.
To WING, wing, v. n. To pass by flight.
WINGED, winged, adj. 362. Furnished with
wings, flying; swift, rapid; hurt :n the wing.
WlNGEDPEA, wlngi&i-p£, S. A plant.
WlNGSHELL, w\ngish£l, s. The shell that covers
the wings of insects.
WlNGY, wlng^, adj. Having wings.
To WINK, wlngk, v. n. 408. To shut the eyes ;
to hint, to direct by the motion of the eyelids; to close
and exclude the light ; to connive, to seem not to see,
to tolerate ; to be dim.
WINK, wlngk, s. Act of closing the eye; a hint
given by motion of the eye.
WlNKER, wlngki&r, $. One who winks.
WiNKlNGLY, vringkilng-l<i, adv. With the eye
almost closed.
WINNER, wln^nar, *. 98. One who win*.
WINNING, wlu-nlng, part. adj. 410. Attractive,
charming.
WINNING, winding, s. The sum won.
To WlNNOW, wln^nA, v. a. 327. To separate by
means c-f the wind ; to part the grain from the chaff";
to fan, to beat as with wings ; to sift, to examine ; to
separate, to part.
To WlNNOW, wln-nA, v. n. To part corn from
chaff".
WINNOWER, wlninA-ar. j. 98 He who winnows.
WINSOME, wln-sam, adj. Merrj, cheerfully.
WINTER, wln-t&r, s. 98. Thecold season of the year.
To WINTER, wln-tir, v. «. To pass the winter.
WlNTERBEATEN, winitfir-b^-tn, adj. Harassed
by severe weather.
WlNTERCHERRY, wln-tif-tsheWe, S. A plant
WINTEUCITHON, wlnitfir-clt-turn, *. 417. A
sort of pear.
WiNTERGREEN, winitar-gr&n, t. A plant.
WINTERLY, wln-t&r-te, adj. Such as is suitable
to winter, of a wintry kind.
.
WINTRY, winUre, adj. Belonging to winter, pro-
petty
WlPE, wipe, t. An act of cleansing ; a blow, a
stroke, a jeer, a gibe, a sarcasm ; a bird.
WlPEB, wl-pftr, ». 98. An instrument or person
by which any thing is wiped.
WIRE, wl-ir, s. Metal drawn into slender threads.
To WIREDRAW, wU&r-drSw, v. a. To spin into
wire ; to draw out into length ; to draw by art or vio-
lence.
WlREDRAWER, wKfir-draw-ur, s. One who spins
wire.
To WlS, wls, v. n. Fret, and part. pass. Wist.
To know.
WISDOM, wlzid&m, J. 166. 515. Sapience, the
power of judging rightly.
WISE, wlze, adj. Sapient, judging rightly, particu-
larly of matters of life; having practical knowledge ,
skilful, dexterous ; skilled in hidden arts; grave, be-
coming a wise man.
WrISE, wlze, *. Manner, way of being or acting.
This word, in the modem dialect, is often corrupted
into Ways.
WlSEACRE, wlzeia-k&r, s. 4 1 7. A wise or sen-
tentious man. Obsolete. A fool, a dunce.
WISELY, wlzeM£, adv. Judiciously, prudently.
WlSKNESS, wlztin^S, S. Wisdom.
To WISH, wish, v. n. To have strong desire, to
long ; to be disposed, or inclined.
To WISH, wish, v. a. To desire, to long for; to
recommend by wishing; to imprecate ; to ask.
WlSH, wish, t. Longing desire ; thing desired ; de-
sire expressed.
WISHER, wlsh-&r, *. 98. One who longs ; one
who expresses wishes.
WlSHFUL, wlshif&l, adj. Longing, showing desire.
WISHFULLY, wish-fil-d, adv. Earnestly, with
longing.
WlSP, wisp, i. A small bundle, as of hay or straw.
J£y> This word is sometimes written and pronounced
improperly Whisp.
WlST, wist. Fret, and part, of Wis.
WISTFUL, wistifil, adj. Attentive, earnest, full of
thought.
WISTFULLY, wlstif&14£, 7 adv. Attentively, ear-
WlSTLY, wlstM<i, i nestly.
\Vrr, wit, *. The powers of the mind, the mental fa-
culties, the intellect ; imagination, quickness of fancv ;
sentiments produced by quickness of fancy; a man of
fancy; a man of genius ; sense, judgment ; in the plu-
ral, sound mind ; contrivance, stratagem, power of ex-
pedients.
WlTCH, wltsh, s. A woman given to unlawful art*.
To WlTCH, wltsh, v. a. To bewitch, to enchant.
WITCHCRAFT, wltsh-krift, s. The practices of
witches.
WITCHERY, witsh-fir-^, j. Enchantment.
WlTCRAFT, wh-krSft, *. Contrivance, invention.
WlTCRACKER, wlUkrik-fir, s. A joker, one whe
breaks a jest.
WITH, WITH and wi/A, prepos. 467. By, noting
the cause; noting the means; noting the instrument,
on the side of, for ; in opposition to, in competition or
contest; noting comparison ; in society; in company
of; in appendage, noting consequence, or concomi-
tance ; in mutual dealing, noting connexion ; immedi-
ately after ; amongst ; upon ; in concert, — See Forthwith.
WITHAL, wlTH-all,' adv. 406. Along with thei.^t,
likewise, at the same time; it is sometimes use.! by
writers where we now use With.
To WITHDRAW, wlTH-driw,' v. a. To take back,
to deprive of; to call away, to make to retire.
To WITHDRAW, wlTH-driw,' v. n. To retreat.
WlTHDRAWlNGROOM, wlTH-drawiing-l A5m, *.
Room behind another room for retirement.
WIV 581 WOO
167, n5t 163— tfcbe 171, tub 172, bull 173—611 299— pSund 313 — thin 466— THIS <69i
WIVES, wlvz, *. The plural of wife.
WIZARD, wlz-&rd, s. 88. A conjuror ; an en-
chanter.
Wo, wo, *. Grief, sorrow, misery, calamity ; a de-
nunciation of calamity ; a curse ; Wo is used for a stop
or cessation.
WOAD, w6de, *. A plant cultivated in England for
the use of dyers, who use it for laying the foundation
of many colours.
WoBEGONE, wo-b£ gin, adv. Lost in wo.
WOFUL, w6-ffil, adj. Sorrowful, afflicted, mourn-
ful ; calamitous, afflictive ; wretched, paltry, borry.
WoFULLY, wo-f&l-^, adv. Sorrowfully, mournfully,
wretchedly, in a sense of contempt.
WOLD, wold, S. Wold, whether singly or jointly, in
the names of places, signifies a plain open country.
WOLF, w&lf, S. 169. A kind of wild dog that de-
vours sheep ; an eating ulcer.
WoLFDOG, wfilf-d&g, s. A dog of a very large breed,
kept to guard sheep; a dog bred between a dog and' a
wolf.
WOLFISH, wulWsh, adj. Resembling a wolf in qua-
lities or form.
WoLFSBANE, wilfs^bane, t. A poisonous plant ;
aconite.
WOLFSMILK, wfilfs-mllk, *. An herb.
WOLVISH, wfil-vlsh, adj- Like a wolf.
WOMAN, wum-&n, s. 88. 169. The female of th«
human race ; a female attendant on a person of rank.
WOMANED, w&m-&nd, adj. 359- Accompanied or
united with a woman.
WoMANHATER, wum-fui-ha-t&r, s. One who ha*
an aversion for the female sex.
WOMANHOOD, wumi&n-hud, s. The character
and collective qualities of a woman.
WOMANISH, wim-fin-lsli, adj. Suitable to a woman.
To WOMANISE, wnm'&n-ize, v. a. To emascu-
late, to effeminate, to soften. Proper, but not used.
WOMANKIND, wim-&n-kylnd, s. The female sex,
the race of women.
WOMANLY, wfim-fin-14, adv. Becoming a woman,
suiting a woman, feminine ; not childish, not girlish.
WOMB, w66m, s. 164.347. The place of the term
in the mother ; the place whence any thing is produced.
To WOMB, woom, v. a. To enclose, to breed in secrt t,
WoMBY, wSSm-e, adj. Capacious.
WOMEN, wlm-mln, s. Plural of Woman.
WON, w&n, part. Thejrret. and part, pass of Win.
To WON, w&n, v. n. To dwell, to live, to have alx>de.
To WONDER, wun^dfir, v. n. 98. To be struck
with admiration, to be pleased or surprised so as to i«s
astonished.
WONDER, w&n-d&r, s. 98. Admiration, astonish-
ment, amazement ; cause of wonder, a strange thing ;
any thing mentioned with wonder. .
WONDERFUL, wftnidur-ful, adj. Admirable,
strange, astonishing.
WONDERFULLY, w&n£dfir-ful-4, adv. In a won-
derful manner, to a wonderful degree.
WONDERSTRUCK, w&n'd&r-strftk, adj. Amazed.
WONDROUS, w&n-dr&s, adj. 3 1 4. (Contracted, and,
I think, improperly, from wnndcrous.) Admi'ab f.
marvellous, strange,' surprising.
WoNDROUSLY, w&n-drus-le, adu. To a strange
degree.
To WONT, 7 wfint, v. n. Pret. and part. Wont.
To be Wos'T, $ To be accu?tomed, to use, to be UM*.
WONT, wftnt, s. Custom, habit, use.
wirrYr^'ltiti," ~a<lj~.' Judiciou^ inge'n'iou. ; full of I WoN'T, «Ant. A contraction of Will not.
imagination; sarcastick, full of taunts. WONTED, wunt^d, part. adj. Accu»tomed, u<«i,
WITWORM, wltiwurm, 5. One who feeds on wit.
WlTHE, \rfth, S. A willow twig ; a band, properly
a band of twigs.
ftS* Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Smith, and W. John.
•ton, give the sharp sound of th in this word, as heard in
frith } but Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Perry the flat one, heard
In bathe : The same distinction is observed in withy by
those who have the word, as this must depend entirely on
Its simple.
To WITHER, wlTH^&r, v. n. To fade, to grow sap-
less, to dry up ; to waste, to pine away ; to lose or want
animal moisture.
To WITHER, W!TH- ftr, t>. n. To make to fade ; to
make to shrink, decay, or wrinkle.
WlTHEREDNESS wlTH-urd-ti^s, s. The state of be-
ing withered, marcidity.
WITHERS, wIxH-ftrz, s. Is the joining of the shoul-
der-bones at the bottom of the neck and mane.
WjTHERRUNG, wlTH-?ir-r5ng, s. An injury caus-
ed by the bite of a horse, or by a saddle being unfit, es-
jiecially when the bows are too wide.
To WITHHOLD, wlra-hAld,' v. a. Pret. and part.
Withheld or Withholden. To restrain, to keep from
action, to hold back ; to keep back, to refuse.
WITHHOLDEN, wlxH-hAl-dn. Part, pass, of
Withhold.
WiTHHOLDER, wlTH-h61d-&r, s. He who withholds.
WiTHIN, wiTH-ln,' prep. In the inner jart of ; in
the compass of; not beyond, used both of place and
time; not longer ago than ; into the reach of; in the
reach of, into the heart or confidence of ; not exceed-
ing ; in the enclosure of.
WITHIN, wlTH-In/ adv. In the upper paits, in-
wardly, internally ; In the mind.
WlTHlNSlDE, wlTH-iniside, adv. In the interior
parts.
WITHOUT, wlTH-Sut/ prep. Not with ; in a state
of absence from; in the state of not having; beyond,
not within the compass of; in the negation, or omis-
sion of; not by, not by the use of, not by the help of;
on the outside of; not within ; with exemption from.
WITHOUT, wlTH-out/ adv. Not in the inside ; out
of doors; externally, not in the rnind.
WITHOUT, wlTH-out,' conj. Unless, if not, except.
To WITHSTAND, wlTH-stlnd/ v. a. To gainstand,
to oppose, to resist.
WiTHSTANDER, wlTH-stind'&r, s. An opponent,
resisting power.
WiTHY, \r1th'-&, *. Willow — See Withe.
WITLESS, wit-Ids, adj. Wanting understanding.
WlTLIN'G, wit-ling, s. 410. A pretender to wit,
a man of petty smartness.
WITNESS, wlt-n£s, s. Testimony, attestation ; one
who gives testimony ; with a Witness, effectually, to a
great degree.
T<> WITNESS, wltin^s, v. a. To attest.
To WITNESS, wltin<5s, v. n. To bear testimony.
WITNESS, wlti-nds. interj. An exclamation signify-
ing that person or thing may attest it.
WlTSNAPPEll, wlt£snip-p&r, s. One who affects
repartee.
WlTTED, wlt-t£d, adj. Having wit, as, a quirk
wilted boy.
WITTICISM, wlt-t^-slzm, s. A mean attempt at wit.
WITTILY, wlt-t<*-l^, adv. Ingeniously, cunningly,
artfully ; with flight of imagination.
WlTTiNESS, wltiti-n
The quality of beingwitty.
WITTINGLY, wU-tln<f-l<i, adc. 41O. Knowingly,
not ignorantly, with knowledge, by design.
WlTTOL, wlt-tol, s. 166. A man who knows the
falsehood of his wife, and seems contented.
WrrroLLY, wk-t6l-^, adj.
To WlVE, wive, f. n. To marry, to take a
To WIVE, wive, v. a. To match to a v/i(e ;
for a wife.
usual.
WONTEDNESS, wfint^d-n5s, S. State of being aft-
custom ed to.
To court, to sue to fj'
to court solicitouslr. tn invite wiih impottuutJ).
3 K.
WOR
583
WOR
as deserving of a place in the Dictionary as the Molc-
catchcri."
WOOLLY, wilM£, adj. Consisting of wool; clothed
with wool ; resembling wool.
WORD, w&rd, s. A single part of speech, a short
discourse ; talk, discourse, dispute, verbal contention ;
promise; signal, token; account, tidings, message; de-
claration ; affirmation ; scripture, word of God ; the
second person of the ever-adorable Trinity, A scrip-
ture term.
To WORD, w&rd, v. a. To express in proper words.
WoRDCATCHER, w&rdikatsh-&r, *. One who ca-
vils at words.
WORDINESS, w&rid4-oii, j. state or quality of a-
boundiog with word*.
13- 559. Fate 73, far 77, fall 83. fat 81 — m«S 93, mil 95— pine 105, pin 1O7 — nA 162, m5ve 154,
To WOO, wAA, t>. n. To court, to make lore.
WOOD, wfid, *. 307. A large and thick planta-
tion of trees ; the substance of trees, timber.
WOODBINE, wfid4>lne, *. Honeysuckle.
WOODCOCK, wfid-k&k, s. A bird of passage with
* long bill ; his food is not known.
WOODED, wfidi£d, adj. Supplied with wood.
WCODDRINK, wud-drlnk, s. Decoction or infu-
sion of medicinal woods, as, sassafras.
WOODEN, wfid^dn, adj. 103. Ligneous, full of
wood, timber; clumsy, awkward.
WoODHOLE, w&d-hAle, s. Place where wood is
laid up.
WOODLAND, wud-land, s. Woods, grounds cover-
ed with wood.
WOODLAND, wfidillnd, adj. Covered with woods ;
belonging to woods.
WOODLARK, wud-lark, s. A melodious sort of
wild lark.
WoODLOUSE, wud-louse, *. The name of an in-
sect, the millepes.
WOODMAN, wud-man, s. 88. A sportsman, a
hunter.
WOODMONGER, wfidim&ng-g&r, *. A wood»elier.
WOODNOTE, w&d-nAte, *. Wild musick.
WoODNYMPH, wudinimf, *. A dryad.
WOODOFFERING, wud-Af-f&r-lng, j. Wood burnt
on the altar.
WOODPECKER, wud£p£k-k&r, t. A bird.
WoODPlGEON, wudi-pld-jln, j. A wild pigeon.
WOODREVE, wid-rdve, s. One who bat the care of
woods.
WOODROOF, wudiroAf, *. An herb.
WOODSORREL, wud^s6r-rll, t. A plant.
WOODWARD, w&d-ward, s. A forester.
WOODY, wud^4 odj. Abounding with wood ; lig-
neous, consisting of wood ; relating to woods.
WOOER, wdoC&r, j. 98. One who courts a woman.
WOOF, w66f, s. The set of threads that crosses the
warp, the weft ; texture, cloth.
WoOlNGLY, wooding- l<i, adv. 410. Pleasingly, so
as to invite stay.
WOOL, wM, j. 307. The fleece of sheep, that which
is woven into cloth ; any short thick hair.
WOOLCOMBER, wuli-kA-mur, s. One whose busi-
ness is to comb wool.
WOOLLEN, wulMln, adj. 99. 102. Made of wool.
WOOLLINESS, w&W<*-n&5, s. State or quality of be-
ing woolly.
WOOLPACK, wulipak, )
WOOLSACK, w&lisak, f * A ** of wool» ' bun'
die of wool ; the seat of the Judges in the House of
Lords; any thing bulky without weight.
WOOLSTAPLER, wulJ-sta-pl&r, i. One who deals
largely in wool ; one who buys wool, and sorts it, and
then sells it to the clothiers.
Jt^- I have inserted this word, though not in Johnson,
at the instance of a worthy friend of the society called
WORDY, w&rd^, adj. Verbose, full of words.
WORE, wire. The jn-eterit of Wear.
To WORK, wftrk, v. n. Preterit Worked, of
Wrought. To labour, to travel, to toil ; to be in ac-
tion, to be in motion ; to act, to carry on operations ;
to act as a manufacturer; to ferment; to operate, to
have effect; to obtain by diligence; to act internally,
to operate as a purge or other phy sick ; to act as on au
object ; to make way.
To WORK, w&rk, v. a. To make by degress ; to
labour, to manufacture; to bring by action into any
state; to influence by successive impulses; to produce,
to effect ; to manage ; to put to labour, to exert ; to em-
broider with a needle: to Work out, to effect by toil ;
to erase, to efface : to Work up, to raise.
WORK, w&rk, *. Toil, labour, employment ; a stats
of labour; bungling attempt; flowers or embroidery
of the needle ; any fabrick or comnages of art ; action,
feat, deed ; any thing made ; management, treatment :
to set on Work, to employ, to engage
WORKER, w&rki&r, t. One that works.
WORKFELLOW, w&rk-f3l-16, s. One engaged in the
same work with another.
WORKFOLK, w&rk-foke, S. Persons employed
in working.
WORKHOUSE, w&rk-house, 7
WORKINGHOUSE, w&rkang-h5&se, $ *'
in which any manufacture is carried on ; a place where
idlers and vagabonds are condemned to labour.
WORKINGDAY, w&rk-lng-da, s. Day on which
labour is permitted, not the sabbath.
WORKMAN, w&rkimin, *. 88. An artificer, a ma-
ker of any thing.
WORKMANLIKE, w&rk-m4n-Uke, adj. Well per-
formed, like a good workman.
WoRKMANLY, -vr&rkimin-Ii, adj. Skilful, well
performed, workmanlike.
WORKMANSHIP, w&rk-min-shlp, t. Manufacture,
something made by any one; the skill of a worker;
the art of working.
WORKMASTER, w&rkimS-st&r, s. The performer of
any work.
WORKSHOP, w&rkish5p, 4. The place where the
workman carries on his work.
WORKWOMAN, w&rkiwim-fin, *. A woman skill-
ed in needle-work ; a woman that works for hire.
WORKYDAY, W&rki^-da, t. A day not the sab-
bath.
IC5" This is a gross corruption of working-day, and i*
so gross that the use of it is a sure mark of vulgarity.
WORLD, w&rld, t. 1 65. World is the great collec-
tive idea of all bodies whatever; system of beings ; the
earth, the terraqueous globe ; present itate of existence ,
a secular life; public life; great multitude; mankind,
an hyperbolical expression for many; course of life;
the manners of men; in the World, in possibility; for
all the World, exactly.
WORLDLINESS, w&rld£l£-n3s, j. Covetousness, ad-
dictedness to gain.
WORLDLING, wfirld-Ung, $.410. A mortal set
upon profit.
WORLDLY, wirldil£, adj. Secular, relating to this
life; in contradistinction to the life to come; bent
upon this world, not attentive to a future state ; hu-
man, common, belonging to the world.
WORLDLY, wirld-ll, adv. With relation to the
present life.
WORM, w&rm, t. 1 65. A small harmless serpent
that lives in the earth ; a poisonous serpent ; animal
bred in the body; the animal that spins silk; grubs that
gnaw wood and furniture; something tormenting ; any
thing vermiculated or turned round, any thing spiral.
To WORM, w&rm, v. n. To work slowly, secretly,
and gradually.
To WORM, w&rm, v. a. To drive by slow and se-
cret means.
WoRMEATEN, w&rmi^-tn, adj. Gnawed by worm* ;
old, worthless.
WORMWOOD, w&rmiwud, s. A plant.
WORMY w&rmi^, adj. Full of woruu.
wou
583
nor 167, n6t 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bill 173 — 511 299 — pound 313 — t/iln 466 — THis 469
WORN, worn. Part. nass. of Wear. I an<l some other words, we find of late to have prevailed.
•r, -..r 3 / i , -- _ , I The Stage is in possession of this sound, and what Swift
Tt WORRY, wur-ni, v. a. 165. To tear or mangle observes of newspapen with respect to the introduction
as a beast tears its prey; to harass, or persecute brutally. ; of new and fantastical words, may be applied to the Stage,
WORSE, wfirse, adj. 165. The comparative of with respect to new^and fantastical modes of pronuncia-
Bad ; more bad, more ill.
WORSE, wirse, adv. In a manner more bad.
The WORSE, wurse, s. The loss, not the advan-
tage, not the better ; something less good.
To WORSE, wurse, v. a. To put to disadvantage.
Not in use.
WORSHIP, wfirishlp,
s. 165. Dignity, eminence,
excellence, a character of honour ; a term of ironical
respect ; adoration, religious act of reverence ; honour,
respect, civil deference; idolatry of lovers.
To WORSHIP, w&r-shlp, v. a. To adore, to hon-
our or venerate with religious rites ; to respect, to
honour, to treat with civil reverence.
To WORSHIP, wardship, v. n. To perform acts of
adoration.
WORSHIPFUL, w&r-shlp-ful, adj. Claiming respect
by any character or dignity ; a term of ironical respect.
W'ORSHIPFULLY, w&rislilp-ful-ti, adv. Respect-
fully.
WORSHIPPER, w&rishlp-p&r, s. Adorer, one who
worships.
WORST, wfirst, atlj. 1 65. The superlative of Bad ;
most bad, most ill.
WORST, wurst, j. The most calamitous or wicked
state.
To WORST, wurst, v. a. To defeat, to overthrow.
WORSTED, wurs-tid, s. 99. 169. Woollen yarn,
wool spun.
WORT, w&rt, S. 165. Originally a general name
for an herb; a plant of the cabbage kind; new beer,
either unfermented, or in the act of fermentation.
WORTH, w&rt/j, s. 1 65. 467. Price, value ; ex-
cellenee, virtue; importance, valuable quality.
WORTH, WUrt/i, adj. Equal in price to, equal in
value to ; deserving ot ; equal in possessions to.
WORTHILY, wir'THi-W, adv. Suitably, not be-
low the rate of; deservedly; justly, not without cause.
WORTHINESS, wur-TH<*-n£s, s. Desert, excel-
lence, dignity, virtue ; state of being worthy, quality of
deserving.
WORTHLESS, w&rt/j£l£s, adj. Having no virtue,
dignity, or excellence ; having no value.
WORTHLESSNESS, wur//t-l£s-n3s, s. Want of ex-
cellence, want of dignity, want of value.
WORTHY, wur^TH^, adj. Deserving, such as me-
rits; valuable, noble, illustrious; having worth, having
viitue; suitable for any quality good or bad, equal in
value; suitable to any thing bad; deserving of ill.
WORTHY, w&r-TH^, s. A man laudable for any
eminent quality, particularly for valour.
To WOT, w&t, v. n. To know, to be aware,
frjf Mr. Elphinston is singular in pronouncing this
word so as to rhyme it with hut i Mr. Sheridan, Mr.
Scott, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Smith, rhyme
it with not.
WOVE, wAve. The pret. and part . pass, of Weave.
WOVEN, wo-vn, 1O3. The part, jxiss. of Weave.
WOULD, wud, 320. The jtret. of Will j it is ge-
nerally used as an auxiliary verb with an infinitive,
to which it gives the foiee of the subjunctive mood ;
was or am resolved, wish or wished to; it is a familiar
term for Wish to do, or to have. — See Seen.
WOULD-BE, wud-b£, adj. Foolishly pretended to be.
WOULDING, wud-lng, S. Motion of desire ; dispo-
sition to any thing ; propension ; inclination ; incipient
purpose.
WOUND, w56nd, ur wound, s. 315. A hurt given
by violence.
jS» The first pronunciation of this word, though ge-
nerally received among the polite world, is certainly a
capricious novelty ; a novelty either generated by false
criticism to distinguish it from the preterit of ihe verb to
wind, of which there was not the least danger of inter-
ference, see Bowl ; or more probably from an affectation
»f the French souud of this Uiphthon wWch as'mpuur,
tion, see Sigh. That the other pronunciation was the
established sound of this word, appears from the poets,
who rhyme it with bound, found, ground, and around,
and is still so among the great bulk of speakers, who learn
this sound at school, and are obliged to unlearn it again
when they come into the conversation of the polite world.
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Elphinston, adopt the
first sound of this word ; but Dr. Kenrick and W. John-
ston the second ; Mr. Perry gives both, but prefers the
first ; and though Mr. Smith, in his vocabulary, has clas-
sed it with sound and found, he says woond is the com-
mon pronunciation. I am, however, of Mr. Nares' opi-
nion, who says this pronunciation ought to be entirely
banished. But where is the man bold enough to risk the
imputation of vulgarity by such an expulsion ?
To WOUND, w66nd, or wound, v. a. To hurt
by violence.
WOUND, wound. The ]rret. and part. pass, of To
wind.
WoUNDLESS,w6ondil4s, adj. Exempt from wounds.
WOUNDWORT, w&.ond-wurt, s. A plant.
WRACK, rik, *. Properly WRECK. Destruction
of a ship ; ruin, destruction. — See S/tipw cclc.
To WRACK, r4k, v. a. 474. To destroy in the
water, to wreck ; it seems in Milton to mean, to rock,
to shake ; to torture, to torment.
WRACKFUL, rikiful, adj. Ruinous ; destructive.
To WRANGLE, ringigl, v. n. 405. To dispute
peevishly, to quarrel perversely.
WRANGLE, ring-gl, s. A quarrel, a perverse dis-
pute.
WRANGLER, r&ng-gl-ur, s. A perverse, peevish,
disputative man.
To WRAP, r3p, v. a. 474. To roll together, to
complicate ; to involve ; to cover with something roll*
ed or thrown round; to comprise, to contain ; to Wrap
up, to involve totally ; to transport, to put in ecstasy.
*-•— ^his word is often pronounced rop, rhyming with
top, even by speakers much above the vulgar. They
have a confused idea, that a preceding w makes the a
broad, and do not attend to the intervening r, which
bears the power of the w, and necessarily preserves the a
in its short Italian sound. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W.
Johnston, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Smith, pro-
nounce it as I have done.
WRAPPER, rip-pur, *. 98. One who wraps j that
in which any thing is wrapped.
WRATH, rbtii, or r&th, s. 474. Anger, fury, rage.
J{^- The first pronunciation of this word is by far the
more usual, but the last is more analogical. The w has
no power over the a, for the same reason as in Ihe pre-
ceding word. A want of attending to this, and, perhaps,
confounding this word with the obsolete adjeclive w, uth,
are the reasons of the present currency of this erroneous
pronunciation. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston,
Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, and Mr. Smith, adopt the first
sound ; and Mr. Perry alone the last ; but in a ca.sc » here
analogy is so clear, his authority ought, in my opinion,
to outweigh them all.
WRATHFUL, r&iA-ful, or raM-ful, adj. Angry,
furious, raging.
WRATHFUI.LY, ro</i'ful-£, or rfali-fa\.&, adv.
Furiously, passionately.
WRATHLESS, ro/A-les, or rSiA-les, adj. Free from
anger.
To WREAK, r£ke, v. a. Old pret. and part. pass.
Wroke. To revenge ; to execute any violent design.
J£5" The diphthong in this word has the sound 1 ha\e
given it, in Sheridan, Scott, W. Johnston, Dr. Kenrick,
Perry, Smith, and Barclay.
WREAK, r^ke, s. 474. Revenge, vengeance; pas-
sion, furious fit.
WREAKFUL, r^keiful, adj. Revengeful, angry.
WREATH, r&th, or r^THe, s. 467. Any thing curl-
ed or twisted ; a garland, a chaplet.
8^- I have placed what I think the best usual mode
of pronouncing this word first, because I think it so much
more agreeable to analogy than the second. Ninn.» and
verbs spelled alike, and ending with a hissing coi:soi.a«t,
WRI
584
XIP
559. File 73, fir 77, fill 83, &t 81 — mti 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 162, mSre
•cem, throughout the whole language, to be distinguished
from each other by the former giving the sharp, and the
latter the flat .sound to the consonant — See Principles,
No 4.T7. 4C7. 469.
To WREATH, r^THe, v. a. Pret. Wreathed ; part,
past. Wreathed, Wreathen. To curl, to twist, to con-
volve; to interweave, to intwine one in another; toen-
circle as a garland ; to encircle as with a garland.
WREATHY, r&-TH&, adj. Spiral, curled, twisted.
WRECK, r£k, J. 474. Destruction by being driven
on rocks or shallows at sea; dissolution by violence;
ruin, destruction. —See Shipwreck.
J^» Mr. Sheridan alone has given the sound of a to the
r in this word ; Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Dr. Kenrick,
Mr. Perry, and Mr. Smith, pronounce it as I have done.
To WRECK, r£k, v. a. To destroy by dashing on
rocks or sands; to ruin.
To WRECK, r3k, v. n. To suffer wreck.
WREN, r£n, *. 474. A small bird.
To WRENCH, r£nsh, v. a. To pull by violence ;
to wrest, to force ; to sprain, to distort.
WRENCH, r4ush, *. 474. A violent pull or twist ;
a sprain.
To WREST, r?st, v. a. To twist by violence, to ex-
tort by writhing or force ; to distort, to writhe, to force.
WREST, r&t, s. 474. Distortion, violence.
WRESTER, r^s-t&r, *. He who wrests.
To WRESTLE, rSs^sl, v. n. 472. To contend who
shall throw the other down ; to struggle, to contend.
WRESTLER, rfcM&r, s. 98. One who wrestles, one
who professes the athletick art j one who contends in
wrestling.
WRETCH, rltsb, s. A miserable mortal ; a worth-
less sorry creature ; it Is used by way of slight ironical
pity or contempt.
WRETCHED, r^tsh^d, adj. 366. Miserable, un-
happy ; calamitous, afflictive ; sorrow, pitiful, paltry,
worthless ; despicable, hatefully contemptible.
WRETCHEDLY, r£tsh£&l-li, adv. Miserably, un-
happily ; meanly, despicably.
WRETCHEDNESS, r&tshi4d-n3s, ». Misery, unhappi-
ness, afflicted state ; pitifulness, despicable-ness.
To WRIGGLE, rigigl, v. n. 405. To move to and
fro with short motions.
To WRIGGLE, rlg-gl, v. a. 474. To put in a
quick reciprocating motion.
WRIGHT, rite, s. 293. 474. A workman, an arti-
ficer, a maker, a manufacturer.
WRING, ring, s. Action of anguish.
To WRING, ring, v. a. Pret. and part. pass.
\Vringedand Wrung. To twUt, to turn round by vio-
lence ; to force out of any body by contortion ; to
squeeze, to press; to writhe, to pinch ; to force by vio-
lence, to extort ; to harass, to distress, to torture , to
distort, to turn to a wrong purpose ; to persecute with
extortion.
To WRING, ring, v. n. 474. To writhe with anguish.
WRINGER, rlng-&r, s. 98. One who squeezes the
water out of clothes.
WRINKLE, rlng'kl, *. 405. Corrugation or furrow
to con-
, , .
of the skin in the face ; any roughness.
To WRINK.LE, rlng'-kl, v. a. • To corrugate,
tract into furrows ; to make rough or uneven.
WRIST, rlst, s. 474, The joint by which the hand
is joined to the arm.
WRISTBAND, rlst-bSnd, s. The fastening of the
shirt at the hand.
WRIT, rit, S. 474. Any thing written, Scripture.
This sense Is now chiefly used in speaking of the Bible.
A judicial process; a legal instrument.
WHIT, rlt. The Pi-ct. of Write.
To WRITE, rite, v. a. Pret. Writ or Wrote ;
par*, pott. Written, Writ, or Wrote. To express by
means of letters ; to engrave, to irupres* ; to produce
as an author; to tell by letter.
To WRITE, rite, v. n. 474. To perform the act of
. .
writing; to play the author ; to tell in books: to
letter- ; to call one's self, to be entitled, to use th«
of; to cufflpoic, to form compositions.
end
style
WRITER, ri-t&r, *. 98. One who practises th« art
of writing ; an author.
To WRITHE, rlTHe, v. a. 467. To distort, to deform
with distortion ; to twist with violence ; to wrest, to
force by violence ; to twist.
To WRITHE, rlTHe, v. n. To be convolved with
agony or torture.
WRITING, rating, s. 4 1 0. A legal instrument ; a
composure, a book ; a written paper of any kind.
WRITINGMASTER, rfctlng-m£s-t&r, *. One who
teaches to write.
WRITTEN, rit-tn, adj. 103. The part. pass, of
Write.
WRONG, rung, s. An injury, a designed or known
detriment ; error, not right.
WRONG, ring, adj. 474. Not morally right, not
agreeable to propriety or truth; not physically right,
unfit, unsuitable.
WRONG, r6ng, adv. Not rightly, amiss.
To WRONG, ring, v. a. To injure, to use unjustly
WRONGDOER, r5ng-d55-&r, s. An injurious person.
WRONGER, r5ng-&r, s. 98. 409. He that injure*,
he that does wrong.
WRONGFUL, r&ngifiil, adj. Injurious, unjust
Having*
WRONGFULLY, r6ngiful-£, adv. Unjustly.
WRONGHEAD, r5ngih£d,
WRONGHEADED, r&n
perverse understanding.
WRONGLY, r&ng-!^, adv- Unjustly, amiss.
WaONGLESSLY, ring£13s-l£, adv. Without injury
to any.
WROTE, r6te. Pret. and part, of Write.
WROTH, r&A, adj. Angry. Out of use. — See Wrath.
WROUGHT, riwt, 319. 393. The pret. and part.
pan. as it seems, of Work. Effected, performed ; in-
fluenced, prevailed on ; produced, caused ; worked, la-
boured ; gained, attained; operated; worked; actuat-
ed; manufactured; formed ; excited by degrees; guid-
ed, managed; agitated, disturbed.
WRUNG, r&ng. Thejrret. and part. pass, of Wring.
WRY, rl, adj. 474. Ctooked, deviating from the
right direction ; distorted; wrung, perverted, wreste«l.
To WltY, ri, V. n. To be contorted and writhed,
to deviate from the right direction.
WRYNECK, rl'n£k, i. The torquilla, a bird.
WflYNESS, ri-n£s, s. State of being wry j deviation
from the right.
X.
•^5 says Johnson, is a letter which, though found
in Saxon words, begins no word in the English language.
{£5- It may be observed, that in words from the Greek,
where it fe initial, it is always pronounced like '/,. For
the true pronunciation of this letter, when medial or final
in English words, see Principles, No. 467.
X, £ks, s. The numeral letter for ten.
XEBEC, z£-b£k£ s. A small three-masted vessel na^
vigated in the Mediterranean.
XEROCOLLYRIUM, zi-rA-k&i-llrire-lm, s. A dry
plaster for sore eves.
XEKODES, z£-roidez, S. Any tumour attended with
dryness.
XEROMIRUM, z^r-A-ml-r&m, s. 503. A dryi««
ointment.
XEROPHAGY, z<*-r5f*yUj£, $. 518 The eating of
dry meats, a sort of fast among the Primitive Christians,'
XEBOPHTHALMY, ze-rftp^/til-mii, s. A dry red
soreness or itching in the eyes, without any dropping or
swcliine.
XEHOTES, z^-ro^t^z, s. 503. A dry habit or Jii.
position of body.
XlPHIAS, ziW-is, s.
shape J like a sword.
The sword fish ; also a comet
YER
n5r 167, nit 163— tfcbe 171, t&b 172, bill 173 — 611 299— p<5&nd 313 — </«in 466— THIS 469.
XlPHOIDES, zl-ti&tez, s. The pointed swordlike ten written, Fo*. To which we may add, that when th«
word is so written, the / is silent, and the word pronouns-
ed yoke. But Johnson seems justly to have preferred
the'former mode of writing and pronouncing this wont.
cartilage or gristle of the breast-bone.
XYLOBALSAMUM, zl-16-bal-sa-umm, t. The wood
of the balsam tree.
XYSTER, zls-tur, s. A surgeon's instrument to scrape
and shave bones with.
JL ACHT, y6t, ». 356. A small ship for carry-
ing passengers.
1&- This word is pronounced as I have marked it, by
Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, Mr.
Nares, and Mr. Smith ; Dr. Kenrick pronounces it yat,
rhyming with liat ; and Mr. Barclay yjvt, rhyming with
lOVffflt.
YAM, yam, *. A root that grows in America and the
South-Sea Islands.
YARD, yard, *. 78. Enclosed ground adjoining to a
house ; a measure of three feet ; the supports of the
sails of a ship.
YARDLAND, yard-land, s. A quantity of land, vary-
ing in different counties, from fifteen to forty acres.
To YAKK, yark. — See To YERK.
YARE, yare, adj. Ready, dexterous, eager.
YARELY, yareilti, adv. Dexterously, skilfully.
YARN, Vclrn, s. 78. Spun wool, woollen thread.
YARROW, yar-rA, s. 81. A plant which grows
wild on dry banks, and is used in medicine.
YAW, yaw, i. The unsteady motion which a ship
makes in her course, when in steering, she inclines to
the right or left of her course.
YAWL, yawl, j. 219. A little vessel belonging to a
ship, for convenience of passing to and from it.
To YAWL, yawl, v. n. To cry out.
To YAWN, yawn, v. n. 21 9. To gape, to have the
month opened involuntarily ; to open wide ; to express
desire by yawning.
YAWN, yawn, s. Oscitation ; gape, hiatus.
YAWNING, yawn-Ing, adj. 410. Sleeping, slum-
bering.
YCLAD, £-klad,' Part, for Clad. Clothed.
YCLEPED, £-kl£pt/ adj. Called, termed, named.
YE, yi. The solemn nominative plural of Thou.
YEA, y£, adv. 227. Ye*.
R5~ Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Mr. Smith,
anuMr. Kry, pronounce this word so as to rhyme with
nay, pay, &e. But Steele or Brightland, Dr. Jones, who
wrote The New Art of Spelling in Queen Anne's time, Dr.
Kenrick, and Mr. Perry, pronounce it like the pronoun ye.
Though so many are against me, I do not hesitate to pro-
nounce the latter mode the best ; first, as it is more agree-
able to the general sound of the diphthong; next, as it is
more related to its familiar substitute yes ; and lastly, un-
less my memory greatly fails me, because it is always so
pronounced when contrasted with nay ; as in that precept
of the Gospel, " Let your communication be yea, yea,
and nay, nay."
To YEAN, y£ne, v. n. 227. To bring young. Used
of sheep.
YEANED, y££nd, adj. Brought forth as a lamb.
YEANLING, yineiling, s. 410. The young of sheep.
YEAR y£re, s. 227. Twelve months ; it is often
used plurally, without a plural termination ; in the plu-
ral, old age.
YEARLING, yireMIng, adj. 410. Being a year old.
YEARLY, ytirc-ld, adj. Annual, happening every
year, lasting a year.
YEARLY, yereMi, adv. Annually.
To YEARN, y3rn, v. n. 234. To feel great inter-
nal uneasines.
To YEARN, y£rn, v. a. To grieve, to vex.
YELK, yelk, s. (Gealkewc, yellow. Saxon.) The
yellow part of the egg.
H£f It is commonly pronounced, says Johnson, and of-
as more agreeable both to etymology and the best usage,
To YELL, y£ll, v. a. To utter with a yell.
To YELL, y£ll, v. n. To cry out with horror and
agony.
YELL, y£ll, *. A cry of horror.
YELLOW, y^l-lA, adj. Being of a bright glaring co-
lour, as gold.
JtV Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Dr. Jones,
...idMr. Fry, pronounce this word as if written yallnw,
rhyming with tallow. But Dr. Kenrick, W. Johnston,
Mr. Smith, and Mr. Perry, preserve the e in its pure
sound, and rhyme the word with mellow. The latter
mode is, in my opinion, clearly the best, both as more a-
greeable to analogy, and the best usage; for I am much
aeceived if the former pronunciation do not border close-
ly on the vulgar.
To YELLOW, ySl-lA, v. a. To render yeliow. N'eu-
terly, To grow yellow.
YELLOWBOY, y£l-lA-bS6, s. A gold coin. A very
low word.
YELLOWHAMMER, y£l-lo ham-m&r, s. A bird.
YELLOWISH, y£l-lA-lsh, adj. Approaching to yel-
low.
YELLOWISHNESS, y£l-lA-Ish-n£s, s. The quality
of approaching to yellow.
YELLOWNESS, y£l-lA-n£s, S. The quality of being
yellow: it is used in Shakespeare for jealousy.
YELLOWS, y^I-lAze, S. A disease in horses.
To YELP, y£lp, V. n. To bark as a beagle hound
after his prey.
YEOMAN, yA-man, s. 260. A man of a small e-
state in land, a farmer, a gentleman fanner; it seems
to have been anciently a kind of ceremonious titlegivnn
to soldiers, whence we have Yeomen of the guard ; it
was probably a freeholder not advanced to the rank of
a gentleman.
Itf? Junius gives us a great variety of derivations of this
word, but seems most to approve of that from gaeman in
the old Frisick, signifying a countryman or villager; and
this word is derived farther by Junius from the Greek
'ya.'iat, ytua,, j-»f, which he tells us does not only signify the
earth in general, but any great portion of land. Skinner
says it may be derived from the Anglo-Saxon gemcene, or
the Teutonic remein, a common man, or one of the com-
monalty ; or from eoweman, a shepherd ; from goodman,
an appellation given to inferior people ; from gemana. a
companion ; from gtongman, a young man ; from lemon,
an ordinary man, or any body, like the Spanish titdalgo ;
but he prefers its derivation from the Anglo-Saxon gunui,
a painful or laborious man.
But however widely etymologists are divided in the de-
rivation of this word, orthoepists are not less different in
their pronunciation of it. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr.
Coote, (author of the Elements of Grammar,) Steele's
Grammar, (published in Queen Anne's time,) Mr. Bar-
clay, Mr. Smith, and Buchanan, pronounce it with the
diphthong short, as it' written yemman s Dr. Kenrick
pronounces it as if written ySmmanl Mr. Elphinston,
(who quotes Langham, the famous reformer of ortho-
graphy in Queen Elizabeth's time, for the same pronun-
ciation,) sounds the eo like ee t and Dr. Jones, the author
of the New Art of Spelling, in Queen Anne's time, pro-
nounces it in (he same manner. To which we may add
Ben Jonson, who says, that yeoman, people, and jeopar-
dy, were truer written yeman, pt-pfe, jepardy. But W.
Johnston, Mr. Perry, Entiok, and Fry, pronounce the eo
like long open o, as'if written yoman: and this last ap-
pears to me to be the most received pronunciation. It ii
that which we constantly hear applied to the King's body
guard, and it is that which has always been the pronun-
ciation on the Stage; an authority which, in this case,
may not, perhaps, improperly be called the best echo of
the publick voice. I well remember hearing Mr. Garrick
pronounce the word in this manner, in a speech in King
Lear : " Tell me, fellow, is a madman a gentleman, or a
yoman V"
YEOMANRY. yA-man rti, s. 260. The collective
body of yeomen.
To YERK, y£rk, v. a. To throw out or move with
a spring ; to lash, to strike, to beat.
YERK, y£rk, j. A quick motion.
To YEUM, v5rn. v. a. — See I'earn.
YOK
586
YOU
559. Fate7S, fir 77, f4ll 83, fit ,<U— mt* 93, m5t 95— pine 105, pin 107— nA 16'A m3v<- 1 64,
YES, yls, adv. 101. A term of affirmation ; the af-
firmative particle opposed to No.
can be better established than this. W. Johnston and
Mr. Perry are the only orthoepists who give the sound of
the vowels, that do not mark this change; but Mr. She-
ridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenriek, Mr. Nares, Mr. Smith,
and Dr. Jones, in his New Art of Spelling, confirm this
change, and rhyme it with hiss, miss, bliss, &c.— See
Been and Despatch.
YEST, y£st, *. The foam, spume, or flower of beer
in fermentation ; barm ; the spume on a troubled sea.
ft5» Dr. Johnson has very properly spelled this word
yest, from the Saxon gat, and not yeast, as we some
times see it; and this spelling decides its pronunciation
Dr. Jones spells it yeast, and gives the diphthong its long
sound ; Mr. Nares pronounces the word in the same man-
ner, but spells it yest; Dr. Kenriek spells it yest, but
rhymes it with mist; Mr. Barclay pronounces it yeest ;
Mr. Perry writes it yeast and yest ; but Mr. Sheridan,
Mr. Scott, and Mr. Smith, write it as Dr. Johnson has
done, and pronounce it as I have done ; and I think not
only more agreeable to analogy, which forbids us to pro-
nounce e long, when followed by st in the same syllable,
(see Lest,) but, if I mistake not, more consonant to po-
lite usage. The vulgar do not only pronounce the diph-
thong long, but sink the y, and reduce the word to east.
YESTER, ySs-tir, adj. Being next before the pre-
sent day.
YESTERDAY, y5s-tfir-da, s. The day last past, the
next day before to-day.
&5» Though yet, from its continual use, is allowably
worn into the somewhat easier sound of yis, there is no
reason why yesterday should adoptthe same change; ant
though I cannot pronounce this change vulgar, since Mr
Sheridan, Dr. Kenriek, Mr. Nares, and Mr. Scott, heve
adopted it, 1 do not hesitate to pronounce the regular
sound given by W. Johnston as the more correct, ant
agreeable to the best usage.
YESTERNIGHT, y&jit&r-nlte, *. The night before
this night.
Y'ESTY, y£s't£, adj. Frothy, spumy.
YET, y£t, COR/'. Nevertheless, notwithstanding
however.
J£5» The e in this word is frequently changed by in
correct speakers into i; but though this change is a
gretable to the best and most established usage in the
word yes; in yet it is the mark of incorrectness and vul
garity.
Dr. Kenriek is the only orthoepist who gives any coun
tenance to this incorrectness, by admitting it as a secom
pronunciation ; but Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. John
ston, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Smith, give the regular s-juni
only.
YET, y£t, adv. Beside, over and above ; still, the
state still remaining the same ; once again ; at this time
so soon, hitherto, with a negative before it; at least
it notes increase or extension of the sense of the words
to which it is joined ; still, in a new degree ; even, afte
all ; hitherto.
YEW, yAA, *. A tree of tough wood.
YEX, y£ks, «. The hiccough.
To YEX, y£ks, v. n. To have the hiccough.
To YIELD, y^ld, v. a. 275. To produce, to give
in return for cultivation or labour ; to produce in ge-
neral; to afford, to exhibit; to give as claimed of right
to allow ; to concede ; to emit, to expire ; to resign, ti
give up ; to surrender.
To YIELD, y&ild, v. n. To give up the contest, t
submit ; to comply with any person ; to comply with
things ; to concede, to admit, to allow, not to deny
to give place as iuferior in excellence or any other qua
lity.
YlELDANCE, y££l(Uinse, *. Act of producing ; ac
of complying with ; concession.
YlELDER, y&ld-ftr, «. One who yields.
YIELDINGLY, j&ld-lng-le, adv. With compliance
YlELDIXGNESS, y^eld^Ing-n^s, s. Disposition to
give up the point; quality of yielding
YOKE, yAke, *. The bandage placed on the neck of
draught oxen; a mark of servitude, slavery; a chain,
a link, a bond ; a couple, two, a pair.
To YOKE, yAke, v. a. To bind by a yoke or car-
riage; to join or couple with another; to enslave, to
subdue ; to restrain, to confine.
To YOKE, yAke. v. n. To be joined together.
YOKE -ELM, yAke^lm, s. A tree.
S. Companion in
YOKEFELLOW, yAke-fel-lA,
YOKEMATE, yAkeimite,
labour; mate, fellow.
YOLK, yAke, S. The yellow part of an egg. — See
adj. Being at a distance
within view.
Yelk.
YON, ySn,
YONDER, yinMir, 98.
£5" There is a vulgar pronunciation of this word in
London, as if written yander. This cannot be too eare-
iilly avoided.
YORE, yAre, adv. Long ; of old time, long ago.
You, yAA, jrron. 8. 315. The oblique case of Ye ;
it is used in the nominative; it is the ceremonial word
for the second person singular, and is always used, ex-
cept in solemn language.
J£y- A very common error in reading and speaking,
arises from pronouncing the personal pronoun you in the
same manner, whether it is in the nominative or in an
oblique case. It is certain that you and my when they
are contradistinguished from other pronouns, and conse-
quently emphatical, are always pronounced with their
full open sound, rhyming with view and high; but it ii
as certain, if we observe correct pronunciation, that when
they are not emphatical by being opposed to other words,
and do not take the lead in a sentence, they are sounded
like ye and me: rhyming with sea. Thus, for example,
" You told him all the truth." Here the word you is a
nominative case, that is, it goes before the word denot-
ing action, and must therefore be pronounced full and
open so as to rhyme with view. In this sentence, also,
" He told you before he told any one else." The word
you it in the oblique case, or comes after the word denot-
ing action; but as it is emphatical by being contradis-
tinguished from aw out else, it preserves its full open
sound as before. But in the sentence, " Though lie
told you, he had no right to tell you." Here the pro-
noun you is in the oblique case, or follows the word de-
noting action, and having no distinctive emphasis, inva-
riably falls into the sound of the antiquated form of Urn
pronoun, ye, and as if written, " Though he told ye, he
had no right to tell ye." — See the word My.
Perhaps it was this pronunciation of the pronoun you
when in an oblique case, which induced Shakespeare and
Milton sometimes to write it ye: though, as Dr. Lowtb
observes, very ungrammatically :
: The more shame for ye, holy
1 His wrath, which <
aen I thought ye.'
Henry Vlll.
.\
S. Ludicrously,
young person.
YOUNG, y&ng, adj. Being in the first part of life,
not old; ignorant, weak; it is sometimes applied to ve-
getable life.
YOUNG, y&ng, s. 314. The offspring of animals
collectively.
YOUNGISH, yingMsh, adj. 381. Somewhat young.
YOUNGLING, yfrng-llng, s. 410. Any creature
in the first part of life.
YoUNGLY, y&ng-lti, adv. 381. Early in life ; ig-
norantly, weakly.
YOUNGSTER, y&ngist&r,
YOUNKER, y&ngki&r, 98
YOUR, yAAr, pron. Belonging to you ; Yours is uj-
ed when the substantive goes before or is understood,
as, this is Your book, this book is Yours.
JC5» This word is nearly under the same predicament
as the pronoun my. When the emphasis is upon thU
word, it is always pronounced full and open, like the noun
ewer ; as, " the moment 1 had read your letter I sat down
to write mine;" but when it is not emphatical, it gene-
rally sinks into yur, exactly like the last syllable of late,
yen as, " 1 had just answered yu' first letter as yu-- l..»t
arrived." Here, if we were to say, " I had just answer-
ed your first letter a* your last arrived," with your sound-
ed full and open like ewer, as in the former sentence,
every delicate ear would be offended. This obscure
sound of the possessive pronoun your always takes pla<*
when it is used to signify any species of persons or things
in an indeterminate sense. Thus, Addison, speaking of
those metaphors which professional men most common-
ly fall into, says, " Your men of business usually have
recourse to such instances as are too mean and familiar "
—Spectator, No. 421.
ZEN
587
ZOO
nSr 167, n5t 163 — tube 171, tub 172, bill 173—611 299 — p<5ftnd 313 thin 463— THIS 469.
YOURSELF, yfir-s^lf/ $. You, even you ; ye, not
others,
85" The pronunciation of your in this word is a con-
firmation of the observations ou the foregoing word.
YOUTH, y&bt/t, s. The part of life succeeding to
childhood and adolescence ; a young man ; young men.
YOUTHFUL, yd&tk'-ttil, adj. Young j suitable to the
first part of life; vigorous as in youth.
YOUTHFULLY, y6&/<-fil-£, adv. In a youthful
manner.
YOUTHY, y?>&th'-&, adj. 381. Young, youthful.
To YuCK, y&k, v. n. To itch.
YULE, yile, s. A word formerly much used for the
times of Christmas and Lammas.
For the true Narne of this Letter, sec Principles, No. 483.
, zk-n&, s. One employed to raise laughter
by his gestures, actions, and speeches ; a merry-andrew,
a buffoon.
To ZANY, z&ini, v. a. To mimick.
ZEA, z£, s. A kind of corn.
ZEAL, z^le, s. Passionate ardour for any person or
cause.
ZEALOT, z&l'&t, or Z&l&t, s. 235. One passion-
ately ardent in any cause. Generally used in dispraise.
Jf5« There are few words better confirmed by authority
in their departure from the sound of their simple than this
and the following word. Dr. Ash and Bailey are the only
lexicographers who, if we may judge by the position of
the accent, give the long sound to this word, as in zeal;
and even these give the short sound to zealous. Dr. Ken-
rick gives both sounds to both words, but prefers the short
sound by placing it first: But Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Sheri-
dan, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Mr. Nares, Mr. Smith, Mr.
Perry, Barclay, and Entick, give both the.se words the
short sound. As the word zealous may either come from
the Latin zelui, (or rather zelosus,) or be a formative of
our own from zeal, as villanous, libellous, &c. from villain,
libel, &c. analogy might very allowably be pleaded for the
long sound of the diphthong ; and if custom were less de-
cided, I should certainly give my vote for it ; but as pro-
priety of pronunciation may be called a compound ratio
uf usage and analogy, the short sound must in this case
be called the proper one. — See Knowledge, and Principles,
No. 515.
ZEALOTRY, zSl-ftt-r£, s. Behaviour of a zealot.
ZEALOUS, z£l-us, or z<i-!us, adj. Ardently passion-
ate in any cause.
ZEALOUSLY, z5U&s-l^, or z&>ltks-l&, adv. With
passionate ardour.
ZEALOUSNESS, z£l-&s-n£s, or z£-lis-n5s, j. The
quality of being zealous.
ZEBRA, ze-hri, s. An Indian ass, naturally striped.
ZECHIN, tshe-kWn/ & A gold coin worth about nine
shillings sterling
ZED, z&l, or Iz^z&rd, *. The name of the letter Z.
The last of the English alphabet.
|rtf For the proper name of this letter, See Principles,
No483.
ZENITH, zd-ulfA, *. The point over head opposite
the nadir.
; ne%-er once called in doubt the pronunciation of
this word, till 1 was told that mathematicians generally
made the iii-.,t syllable short. Upon consulting our ortho-
epists, I find all who have the word, and who give the
quantity of the vowels, make the e long, except Entick.
Thus, Sheridan, Kenrick, Scott, Buchanan, W. Johnston,
and Perry, pronounce it long ; and if this majority were
not so great and so respectable, the analogy of words of
this form ought to decide — See Principles, No. 544. — See
Clef and Construe,
-—
*-, 543. 7
f-f3r-&s, $*'
The west wind, and,
ZEPHYR, z&f-f&r, 543.
ZEPHYRUS,
poetically, any calm soft wind.
ZEST, z£st, s- The peel of an orange squeezed into
wine ; a relish, a taste added.
To ZEST, z§st, v. a. To heighten by an additional
relish.
ZETETICK, Z(*-t3t-Ik, adj. 509. Proceeding by in-
quiry.
ZEUGMA, zug-ml, s. 92. A figure in grammar,
when a verb agreeing with divers nouns, or an adjective
with divers substantives, is referred to one expressly,
and to the other by supplement, as, Lust overcame
shame, Boldness fear, and Madness reason.
ZlGZAG, zlg-zig, 3. Any thing composed of short
turns.
g^- This is a word of ludicrous formation, but, like
others of the same kind, very expressive, and frequently
used by the best authors. Pope has very happily exem-
plified the use of It in his Dunciad, where he says:
" Round hin
ihfuru
embryo, much abortion lay,
id abdicated plaj ;
* Nonsense precipitate like running lead,
" That slipp'd through cracks and zig-zagi of the head."
Dunaad, book i. r. 121.
ZlGZAG, zlg-z&g, a<lj. Having many short turn-
ings; turning this way and that.
To Z1GZA.G, zlg-zig, v. a. To form into sharp
and quick turns.
ZlNC, zlngk, s. 408. A semi-metal of a brilliant
white colour approaching to blue.
ZODIACK, zA-d£-ak, or zA-j4-ik, *. 293, 294.
570. The track of the sun through the twelve signs, a
great circle of the sphere, containing the twelve signs.
ZONE, /Anc, s. A girdle, a division of the earth,
with regard to heat or cold. The earth is divided into
five unequal parts, called zones, viz. the torrid, two
frigid, and two temperate.
ZONED, zArul, adj. Wearing a zone.
ZOOGRAPHER, zA-&g-gri-f&r, s. One who de-
scribes the nature, properties, and forms of animals.
ZOOGUAPHY, zA-5g-grtUfti, *. 518. A description
af the forms, natures, and properties of animals.
ZOOLOGICAL, zA-A-15dj-£-kiil, adj. Describing
living creatures.
ZOOLOGIST, zA-61-lA-jlst, t. One who treats of
living creatures.
ZOOLOGY, zA-61-lA-j£, s. 518. A treatise con-
cerning living creatures.
ZOOPHYTE, zo-A flte, s. 156. Certain vegetables
or substances which partake of the nature both of ve-
getables and animals.
ZoOPHORICK, zA-A-f&rilk, adj. 509. In Archi-
tecture, having the figure of some animal.
ZOOPHOROUS, zA-6ftA-rus, j. 557. The member
between the architrave and the cornice, so called be-
cause it had sometimes the figures of animals carved
on it.
ZOOTOMIST, zA-6titA-mlst, i. A dissecter of the
bodies of brute beasts.
ZOOTOMY, zA ot-to-ai^, s. 518. Dissection of the
bodies of beasts.
APPENDIX.
THE subjoined words, terminating in ose, are variously accented !>y our Lexicographers ; but, fr»na
their form and derivation, they ought certainly to be pronounced alike. This will evidently appear
from the following sketch :
Johnson. Sheridan.
En tick.
Perry.
Xares.
5c<nt. Buchanan.
An'lielose,
Si/ic'ulosr,
CatcuJosc,
An'vno.ie,
fene'nose,
Are"nose,
Anhclrfse,
Silic'u'ose,
Cal'cu'ose,
Tumnlo'se,
Ar.imo'se,
Venendsc,
Silig'inose,
Anhelo'it,
Calculo'te,
Tit'miilosc,
Animafse,
yene'nose,
ArCHOfic,
Vmufno
Are1 nose
e,
Tu'mwoie,
Tu'mulote,
Areno'te,
Vetuno'st,
Cri'nosc,
Cri'nosc,
**************
Crl'nose
Op'erost,
Moro'ie,
Opeio'se,
Hfortfse,
Opero'se,
Slorofse,
Op'erose
Moro'se
Opero'se,
Moro'se,
Moro'se,
Opero'se,
Opernfite,
iforo'm,
Opffa'u,
Storo'se,
. Kdem'atose,
Edcmato'iC,
j.- .-.-... -.-.-.-.-.-jx
Edem'atosc,
Edem'atose,
Com'atose,
Comalo'ie,
JJJJJJJ-jrfJrJ-J
Com'atose,
Comiitcfse,
Acr'lote,
Aceto'se,
Aceto'se,
Ace"tose,
**************
Ace'tose,
**************
AcStoit,
sl'quose,
Aqnc/se,
Aquo'sf,
A'quose,
**************
******,.******
Ai/ito'ie,
Si'liquosc,
SU'iquoie,
Actuafse,
Suiquo'se,
Slliquosc,
Si'ltquosc,
Sil'iyuose,
Pu'licose,
Pu'licoie,
Pu'ico'se.
The variety of accentuation which this sketch exhibit", sufficiently shows how uncertain are out
Dictionaries where usage is obscure. From the decided prevalence of the accent on the last sylldlilr
of these words, we may easily guess at the analogy of pronunciation, and, with very
determine that the accent ought to be placed on the lost syllable of them all.
CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION
OF
GREEK, LATIN, AND SCRIPTURE PROPER
WITH
TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARIES
OK
HEBREW, GREEK, AND LATIN PROPER NAMES,
AND
OBSERVATIONS
ON THE GREEK AND LATIN ACCENT AND QUANTITV.
By JOHN WALKER,
AUTHOR OF THE CRITICAL PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY, 81C.
Si quid novisti recliusistis,
CiindWus Unjitru i si nun (us uit"re>infoum.— U<n
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION, «••••••
PRONUNCIATION o* GRBKK AND LATIN PROPER
NAMES, --------
Rules for Pronouncing the Vowels, -
Rules for Pronouncing the Consonants, -
Rules for Ascertaining the English Quantity, -
Rules for Placing their Accent, ...
INITIAL VOCABULARY, • • •
Page
3
Page
Preface to the Termmational Vocabulary, • 31
TJRMINATIONAT. VOCABULARY, 32
RULES FOR TUB PRONUNCIATION OF SCBIPTURB
PROPER NAMES, ------ 43
INITIAL VOCABULARY, - .... 45
TKRMI.VATIONAL VOCABULARY, ... 54
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GREEK AND LATIN Ac-
CSNT AND QUANTITY, ..... 55
PREFACE.
IHB Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of the English
Language naturally suggested an idea of the present
work. Proper names from the Greek and Latin form so
considerable a part of every cultivated living language,
that a Dictionary seems to be imperfect without them.
Polite scholars, indeed, are seldom at a loss for the pro-
nunciation of words they so frequently meet with in the
learned languages ; but there are great numbers of re-
spectable English scholars, who, having only a tincture
of classical learning, are much at a loss for a knowledge
of this part of it It is not only the learned professions
that require this knowledge, but almost every oneabove
the merely mechanical. The professors of painting,
statuary, music, and those who admire th«ir works j
readers of history, politics, poetry ; all who converse on
subjects ever«olittleabove the vulgar, have so frequent
occasion to pronounce these proper names, that what-
ever tends to render this pronunciation easy, must ne-
cessarily be acceptable to the public.
The proper names in Scripture have still a higher
claim to our attention. That every thine contained in
that precious repository of divine truth should be ren-
dered as easy as possible to the reader, cannot be doubt-
ed: and the very frequent occasions of pronouncing
Scripture proper names, in a country where reading the
Scripture makes part of the religious worship, seem to
demand some work on this subject more perfect than
any we have hitherto seen.
I could have wished it had been undertaken by a per-
son of more learning and leisure than myself, but we
often wait in vain for works of this kind, from those
learned bodies which ought to produce them, and at
last are obliged, for the best we can get, to the labours
pf some necessitous individual. Being long engaged in
the instruction of youth, I felt the want of a work of
this kind, and have supplied it in the best manner I am
able. If I have been happy enougli to be useful, or only
so far useful as to induce some abler hand to undertake
the subject, — I shall think my labour amply rewarded.
I shall still console myself with reflecting, that he who
has produced a prior work, however inferior to those
that succeed it, is under a very different predicament
from him who produces an afterwork inferior to those
that have gone before.
ADVERTISEMENT TO THE SECOND EDITION.
THE favourable reception of the first edition of this work
has induced me to attempt to make it still more worthy
of the acceptance of the public, by the addition of seve-
ral critical observations, and particularly by two Ter-
minational Vocabularies of Greek and Latin, and Scrip-
ture, Proper Names. That so much labour should be
bestowed upon an inverted arrangement of these words,
when they had already been given in their common al-
phabetical order, may be matter of wonder to many
persons, who will naturally inquire into the utility o'f
auch an arrangement. To these it may be answered,
that the words of all languages seem more related to each
other by their terminations than by their beginnings ;
that the Greek and Latin languages seem r.jore particu-
larly to be thus related ; and classing them according »o
their endings seemed to exhibit a «ew view of these
languages, both curious and useful : for as their accent
ana quantity depend so much on their termination, such
an arrangement appeared to give an easier and more
comprehensive idea of their pronunciation than the
common classification by their initial syllables. This
end was so desirable as to induce me to spare no p;iins,
however dry and disgusting, to promote it : and ,f the
method I have taken has failed, my labour will not be
entirely lost if it convinces future prosodists that it is
not worthy of their attention.
INTRODUCTION.
THB pronunciation of the learned languages is
much more easily acquired than that of our own. What-
ever might have been he variety of the different dia-
lects among the Greeks, and the" different provinces of
the Romans, their languages now being dead, are gene-
rally pronounced according to the respective analogies
of the several languages of Europe, where those lan-
guages are cultivated, without partaking of those ano-
malies to which the living languages are liable.
Whether one general uni form pronunciation of the
ancient languages be an object of sufficient importance
to induce the learned to depart from the analogy of
their own language, and to study the ancient Latin and
Greek pronunciation, as they do the etymology, syn-
tax, and proso-ly of those languages, is a question
not very easy to be decided. The question becomes
still more difficult when we consider the uncertainty we
are in respecting the ancient pronunciation of the
Greeks and Romans, and how much the learned are di-
vided among themselves about it.* Till these points
are settled, the English may well be allowed to follow
their own pronunciation of Greek and Latin, as well as
other nations, even though it should be confessed that
it seems to depart more from what we can gather of the
ancient pronunciation than either the Italian, French or
German, f For why the English should pay a compli-
* Middleton contends that the initial c before e and »
ought to be pronounced as the Italians now pronounce
it; and that Cicero is neither Sisero, as toe French and
English pronounce it, nor Kikero as Dr. Bentley as-
serts, but Tchitchrro, as the Italians pronounce it at
this day. This pronunciation, however, is derided by
Lips' us, who affirms that the e among the Romans had
a! ways the sound of*. Lipsius says, too, that of all the
European nations, the British alone pronounce the i
properly; but Middleton asserts, that of all nations they
pronounce it the worst. — Middleton De Lat. Liter. Pro-
nun. Dissert.
Lipsius, speaking of the different pronunciations of
the letter G in different countries, says :
Nos hodie (de litera G loquente) quam peccamus ?
Italorum enim plerique ut 3 exprimunt, Galli et Bel-
giae ut J consonnntem. Itaque illorum est l^ezere, Fu-
zere; nostrum, Leierc., Fitiere (Lcjere Fujere). Om-
nia, imperite, inepte. Germanos saltern audite, quo-
rum sonus hie Germanus. Lexers, Tcgtre ; ut in Lego,
Tegn, nee unquam variant ; at nos ante, /, E, JB, Y,
semper dicimusque Jemmam. Jtetulos, Jinjivam Jy-
rum ; pro istis Gemmrtm, Gtrtii'ns, Gingivam, Gyriim.
Mutemus aut vapulemus.— ••Lipsius. De Reel. Pron.
Ling. Lat. page 71-
Hinc factum est ut tanta in pronuncinndo varietas
extlteret ut pauci inter se in literanim soms consen-
tiant. Quod quidem mirum non esset, si indocti tan-
turn a doctis in eo, ac non ipsi etiam alioqui ernditi in-
ter semagnacontentionedissiderent — Adolp. Meker. De
Liner. Grtec. vet. Prnnnn. cap. ii. page 15.
t Monsieur Launcelot, the learned author of the
Port-Royal Greek Grammar, in order to convey the
sound of the long Greek vowel r, tells us it is a sound
between the e and the «, and that Eustathius, who lived
towards the close of the twelfth century, says, that /3ij,
&i, is a sound made In im tatioii of the bleating of a
sheep; and quotes to this purpose this verse of an an-
cient writer called Cratinus :
'O 3* r!>.!Sies <CrTf; Tt'.&^rti. g?,. fi?. Kkyai px%!£u.
Is fatuus perinde ac ovis, be bo diccns incidit.
He like a silly sheep goes crying baa.
Caninus has remarked the same, Ue'len. p. 96. E
longum, cujus sonus in ovium halatu sentitur, ut C'ra-
tmuset Varro tradiderunt. The sound of the e lonf
ment to the learned languages, which is not done by
any other nation in Europe, it is not easy to conceive;
and as the colloquial communication of learned indivi'
duals of different nations so seldom happens, and it si
an object of so small importance when it does happen J
it is not much to be regretted that when they meet they
are scarcely intelligible to each other.*
may be perceived in th* bleating of sheep, as Cratinus
and Varro have handed down to us.
Eustathius likewise remarks upon the 490, v. of Iliad
I. that the word BAo4> trm » Tr,;^ x*.cj/i>tfx{ foot
fAifiyriKS; xetTo, rev; ixXctitv;; fiyj l%u u.!:ur,<rif rj«-
PKTUV $uw,;. Kfinto;. BXsiJ/ est Clepsydra? sonus ex
imitatione secundum yeteres; et /Sij imitatur vocern,
pvium. Slops, according to the ancients, is a sound in
imitation of the Clepsydra, as baa is expressive of the
voice of sheep. It were to be wished that the sound of
every Greek vowel had been conveyed to us by as faith-
ful a testimony as the r,To, ; we should certainly have
had a better idea of that harmony for which the Greek
language was so famous, and in which respect Quinii-
lian candidly yields it the preference to the Latin.
Aristophanes has handed down to us the pronuncia-
tion of the Greek diphthong aS «.U by making it expres-
sive of ths barking of a dog. This pronunciation is
exactly like that preserved by nurses and children
among us to this day in bow wow. This is the sound
of the same letters in the Latin tongue; not only
in proper names derived from Greek, but in every
other word where this diphthong occurs. Most nations
in Europe, perhaps all but the English, pronounce audio
and laudo, as if written owdio and lowdo; the diphthong
sounded like ou in loud. Agreeable to this rule, it is
presumed that we formerly pronounced the apostle
Paul nearer the original than at present. In Henry the
Eighth's time it was written St. Pottle's, and sermons
were preached at Puule's Cross. The vulgar, generally
the last to alter, either for the better or worse, still have
a jingling proverb with this pronunciation, when they
say As old as Ponies.
The sound of the letter w is no less sincerely preserv-
ed in Plautus, in Mena?ch. page 622, edit. Lambin. in
making use of it to imitate the cry of an owl —
'"MEN. Egqn'dedi? PEN. Tu, Tu, istic, inquam,
vin' afferri noctuam,
Qua; tu, tu, usque dicat tibi ? nam nos jam non de-
fessi sumus,"
"It appears here," says Mr. Forster, in his defence of
the Greek accents, page 129, " that an owl's cry was
tu, tu, to a Roman car, as it is too, too, toan English."
Lambin, who was a Frenchman, observes on the pas-
sage, " Alludit ad noctuie vocem sen cantum, tu, tu,
seu ton, ton." He here alludes to the voice or noise of
an owl. It may be farther observed, that the English
have totally departed from this sound of the « in their
own language, as well as in their pronunciation of
Latin
* Erasmus se adfuisse olim commemorat cum die
quodam solenni C'implures prinripum legati ad Maxi-
milianum Imperatorem salutandi causa advenissent:
Singulosque Gallum, Germanum, Danum, Scotum, &c:
orationem Latinam, ita barbare ac vaste prpnunciasse,
ut Italis quibusdam, nihil nisi risum moverint, qui eos
non Latine sed sua quemque lingua, locutos jurassent.
—Middleton De Lit. Lat. Pronun.
The love of the marvellous prevails over truth: and
I question if the greatest diversity in the pronuncia-
tion of Latin exceeds that of English at the capital and
in some of the counties of Scotland, and yet the inhabi-
tants of both have no great difficulty in understanding
each other.
INTRODUCTION*.
aguli as it may ue q: use to uiose wuu aic uuu^cu tut
irn this language without the aid o! a teacher.
" The falsification of the harmony by English
ly one letter. The remedy or this last fault is obvious.
short sound of e lengthened is expressed by the letter a,
and the short sound of i lengthened is expressed by the
Thus in the first syllable of tidui and nomen, which
11L YOWC15 , UUl 111 LUC DU0I|UC Crt»t:>, 0W9i m0f Jlvllllrlla,
,ni.'eri, oneris, &c. we use quite another sound, and that
a short one. These strange anomalies are not in com-
mon to us with our southern neighbours the French,
Spaniards, and Italians. They pronounce sidns ac-
cording to our orthography seedits, and in the oblique
cases preserve the same long sound of the i: nomen they
pronounce as we do, and preserve i:i the oblique cases the
iame long sound of theo. The Italians also, in their own
language, pronounce doubled consonants as distinct-
ly as the two most discordant mutes of their alphabet.
\Vhatever, therefore, they may want of expressing
the trite harmony of the Latin language, they certainly
avoid the most glaring and absurd faults in our manner
of pronouncing it.
" It is a matter of curiosity to observe with what
regularity we use these solecisms in the pronunciation
of Latin. When the penultimate is accented, its vowel,
if followed but by a single consonant, is always long, as
in Dr. Forster's examples. When the antepenultimate
is accented, its vowel is, without any regard to the re-
quisite quantity, pronounced short, as in mirdbile, f ri-
gid its ; except the vowel of the penultimate be follow-
ed by a vowel, and then the vowel of the antepenulti-
mate is with as little regard to true quantity pronounced
long, as in maneo, redeat, odium, imperittm. Quantity
is hoivevei vitiated to make i short, even in this case,
as in obUvin, rinea, ririuni. The only difference we
make in pronunciation between vinea and venia is,
that to the vowel of the first syllable of the former,
which ought to be long, we give a short sound ; to that
of the latter, which ought to be short, we give the
§ame sound, but lengthened. 17 accented is always be-
fore a single consonant pronounced long, as in humeriti
fu.ifitnt. Before two consonants no vowel sound is ever
made long, except that of the diphthong att ; so that
whenever a doubled consonant occurs, the preceding
syllable is short.* Unaccented vowels we treat with no
more ceremony in Latin than in our own language."—
Risay upon the Harmony of Language, page 224. Print-
ed for Robson, 1774.
This, it must be owned, is a very just state of the
case; but though the Latin quantity is thus violated, it
is not, as this writer observes in the first part of the
quotation, merely an chance directs, but, as he after-
wards obs?rves, regularly, and he might have added,
according to the analogy of English pronunciation,
which, it may be observed, has ageniusof its own: and
which, if not so well adapted to the pronunciation of
Greek and Latin as some other modern languages, has
as fixed and settled rules for pronouncing them as any
other.
The learned and ingenious author next proceeds to
• This corruption of the true quantity is not, how-
ever, peculiar to the English ; for Bezi complains in
his country: Hincenim fit ut in Gra-ca oratione vel
nullum, vel prorsus, corruptam numerum inteliigas,
dum multae breves producuntur, et contra plurir.iz?
longie cornpimnur. Bcza de Germ. Pron. Graxa?
Liivuic, p. 5u.
show the ad ira-ntages of pronouncing pur vowels so as
to express the Latin quantity. '• We hive reason to
supposes" ssys he, " that our usual accentuation of
Latin, however it rrny want of many elegancies in the
pronunciation of the Augustan age, is yet sufficientl)
just to gue with tolerable accuracy that p.m of the ge-
neral harmony of the language of which accent is the
efficient. We have also pretty full information from
the poets what syllables ought to have a lonrr, and what
a short quantity. To preserve, then, in our pronun-
ciation, the true harmony of the language, we have on-
ly to take cai e to give the vowc-:s a long sound or a
short sound, as the quantity may require: ami when
doubled consonants occur, to pronounce each distinctly.
— Ibid. p.-.2e 228. «
In answer to this plea for alteration, it may be observ-
ed; that if this mode of pronouncing Latin be that of
foreign nations, ami were really s>o superior to our own.
we certainly must jisrceive it in the pronunciation of
foreigners, when we visit them or they us: but I think
I may appeal to the experience of every one who has
had an opportunity of making the experiment, that so
far from a superiority on the side of the foreign pro-
nunciation, it seems ' much inferior to cur f.v.*n. I
am aware of the power of habit, and of its being able,
on many occasions, to make the worse appear the bet-
ter reason: but if the harmony of the Latin language
depended so much on the preservation of the quantity
as many pretend, this harmony would surely overcome
the bias we have to our o-vn pronunciation ; especially
if our own were really so destructive of harmony as it
is said to be. Till, therefore, we have a more accurate
idea of the nature of quantity, and of that beauty and
harmony of which it is said to be the efficient in the
pronunciation of Latin, we outfit to preserve a pro-
nunciation which has naturally sprung up in our own
soil, and is congenial to our native languaee. Besides,
an alteration of this kind would be attended with so
much dispute and uncertainty, as ir.ust make it highly
impolitic to attempt it.
The analogy, then, of our own language being the
rule for pronounriii!; the learned languages, we shall
have little occasion for any other directions for the
pronunciation of the Greek ad Latin prope' names,
than such as are given foi the pronunciation of English
words. The general rules are followed almost without
exception. The first and most obvious powers of the
letters are adopted, and there is scarcely any difficulty
but in the position of the accent; and this depends so
much on the quantity of the vowels, that we need only
inspect a dictionary to find the quantity of the penulti-
mate vowel, and this determines the accent of all the
Latin words: and it may be added, of almost all Greek
words likewise.! Now in our pronunciation of Latin
words, whate er be the quantity of the first syllable in
a word of two syllables, we always place the accent on
it; but in*rords of more syllables', if the penultimate be
!ong, we place the accent on that ; and if short, we ac-
cent the antepenultimate.
The rules of the Latin Accentuation are comprised in
a clear and concise manner by Sanctius within four
hexameters : •
Accentum in so ipsa monosyllaba dictio poniL
Exacuit sedem dissylldbon oimic priorem.
* By what tliis learned author has observed cf our
vicious pronunciation of the vowels, by the long a7id
short sound of them, and from the instances he has
given, he must mean that length and shortness which
arise from extending and contracting them, indepen-
dently of the obstruction which two consonants are sup-
posed to occasion in forming the long quantity. Thuj
we are to pronounce Manns as if written and divided in-
to Man-nus ; and Pannus as if written Piij/nus, or as we
always Hear the word Panit (biead) : for in this sound
of Pannus there seems to be no necessity for pronounc-
ing the two consonants distinctly or separately, which
he seems to mean by distinctly, because th • quantity is
shown by the long sound of the vowel: but if by dis-
tinctly he means separately, that is, as if what is called
in French the thSva or mute e was to fa? low the first
consonant, this could not be done wi i hout adding a sylla-
ble to the word; and the word Pannus would in that
case certainly have three syllables, as if written Pan-eh-
nns. — See Observations on the Greek and iMtin Accent
and Quantity, sect. 24.
t That is, in the general pronunciation of Greek : for,
let the written accent be placed where it will, the
qtiantitKtire accent, as it may be called, follows th«
analogy of the Latin.
INTHOJJUCilON.
Ex tnbui, extollit priinam penulfrma curta ;
Extollit icipsam quando est penultima longa.
These Rules I have endeavoured to express in Eng-
lish verse:
Each monosyllable has stress of course :
Words of two syllables, the first enforce :
A syllable that's long, and last but one,
Must have the acce.H upon that or none :
But if this syllable be snort, the stress
Must on the last but two its force express.
The only difference that seems to obtain between the
pronunciation of the Greek and Latin languages is, that
in the Latin fi and si preceded by an accent, and fol-
lowed by another vowel forming an improper diph-
thong, are pronounced as in English, like sh, or zh, as
natin, nation ; persuasio, persuasion, &c. ; and that in
the Greek, the same letters retain their pure sound, as
(iXavTict, iyvn/rice, x'cpxTiov, »• r- X.* This dif-
* " The Greek language," says the learned critic,
• was happy in not being understood by the Goths, who
wouM as certainly have corrupted the t in aiV/te, tirin,
Ac. into «iV/'«, uiriei.. &c. as they did in the Latin mo-
tto and diH'eo into moxMo and dosheo." — (See Ainsworth
on the letter T.) This, however, may be questioned :
for if in Latin words this impure sound oft takes place
only in those words wh_ere the accent is on the preced-
ing vowel, as in natin, facin, .Vtc. ; but not when the ac-
cent follows the t, and is on the following vowel, as in
tatietas, sorietttg, kc. why should we suppose any other
mode of pronunciation would have been adopted by
the Goths in tht ir pronouncing the Greek ? Now no
rule of pronunciation is more uniform in the Greek
language than that which places an acute on the inti at
the end of words, W'!:PH this letter is succeeded by a
long vowel : and consequently if the accent be preserv-
ed upon the. proper letter, it is impossible the preceding
f and is should go into the sound of sh ; why, therefore,
may we not suppose that the very frequent iicrentua-
tion of the penultimate i before a final vowel preserved
the preceding r from going into the sound of sh, as it
was a difference of accentuation that occasioned tlrs
impure sound of t in the Latin language ? for though i
at the end of words, when followed by a long vowel, or
a vowci once long and afterwards contracted, had al-
ways the accent on it in Greek ; in Latin the accent
was always on the preceding syllable in words of this
termination ; and hrnce seems "to have arisen the cor-
ruption or t in the Gothic pronunciation of the Latin
language.
It is nighty probable, thatinLucian's time the Greek
T when followed bv /' and another vowel, had not as-
sumed the sound of «-, for the Sigma would not have
failed to accuse him of a usurpation of her powers, as
lie had done of her character ; and if we have preserv-
ed the r 4>ure in this situation when we pronounce
Greek, it is, perhaps, rather to be placed to the pre-
serving power of the accented < in so great a number of
words, than anv adherence to the ancient rules of pro-
nunciation : which invariably affirm, that the conso-
nants had but one sound ; unless we except the y be-
fore;/, », £, |, as £j-5/<A«f, iyjsufz, iy-^urt*. x. T. A.
where the */ is sounded like*; but this, says Henry
Stephens, is an error of the copyists, who have a little
extended the bottom of the ,. and made a j. of it : for,
says he, it is ridiculous to suppose that > was ''hanj ed
into y, and at the same time that -y should be pro-
nounced like v. On the contrary, Scaligcr says, that
where we find a v before these letters, as«»%u;*, it is an
error of the copyists, who imagined they better express-
ference, however, with very few exceptions, rtoes not
extend to proper names; which, coming to us through;
and being mingled with the Latin, fall into the general
rule. In the saine manner, though in Greek it was a:i
established maxim, that if the last syllable was lor:",
the accent could scarcely be higher than \\v
mate; yet in our pronunciation of Greek, and particu-
larly of proper names, the Latin analogy of • ho .-.ccc:<t
is adopted ; and though the last syllable is Ion • in I),'
•nosthenes, Aristophanes, Theramenes, and Ueijfml.K,
yet as the penultimate is short, the accent is placed on
the antepenultimate, exactly as if thev wore Latin.*
As those languages have been long rfend, they admit
of no new varieties of accent like the living languu'-cs.
The common accentuation of Greek and Latin may bt
seen in Lexiconsand Grauuses; and where t!'
indulged a variety, and the moderns are divided in t! eir
opinions about the most classical accentuation of won!;.,
it would be highly improper, in a work intended for
general use, to enter into the thornjr disputes of the
learned ; and it may be truly said, "in the rhyming
adage,
Whon Doctors disagree,
Disciples then are free.
This, however, has not been entirely neglected.
Wh»re there has been any considerable diversify of ac-
centuation nmong our prbsodists, 1 have consulted the
best authorities, and have sometimes ventured to de-
cide: though, as Labbe says, " Sed his de rebus, ut
aliis inultis, malodoctiorum judiriumc xpectxre, quara
mcam in medium proferre sententiam."
But the most important object of the present work is
settling the EnnKsIt quantity, (See Rules 20, 2) , 22, )
with which we pronounce Greek and Latin proper
n:inics, and the sounds of some of the consonants.
These are points in a state of great uncertainty ; and
;.re to be settled, not so much by a deep know-ledge of
the dead languages, as by a thorough acquaintance with
the analogies and general usage of < ur own tongue.
These must, in the nature of things, enter largely into
the pronunciation of a dead Ian uage ; and it is from an
attention to these that the Author hopes lie has given
to the Public a work not entirely unworthy of their
acceptance.
ed the pronunciation by this letter, which, as Vossiui
observes, should seem to demand something particular
and uncommon.
It is reported of Scaliger, that when he was accosted
by a Scotchman in Latin, he begged his pardon for not
understanding him, as he had never learned the Scotch
language. Ifthis was the case with the pronunciation
of a Scotchman, which is so near that of the contin nt,
what would he have said to the Latin pronunciation of
an Englishman ? I take it, however, that this diversi-
ty is greatly exaggerated.
* This, however, was contrary to the general prac-
tice of the Romans: for Victonnus in his Grammar
says, Gfosca nomina, si iisdem literm prnferunttir (La-
tine versa), Gr<xcvs aecentus habcbvttt : nam cum dici-
mus Thyas, Nais, acutum habebit posterior accentum
et cum Themistio, Calypso, Theano, ultimam circurn-
flecti videbimus, quod utrumque Latinus sfrmo non
patitur, nisi admodum raro. " If Greek nouns turned
into Latin are pronounced with the same letters, they
have the Greek accent : for when we say T/iyae, finis,
the latter syllable has the acute accent ;' and when we
pronounce T/>eniiatio, Calypso, Theano, we see the Ia;t
syllable is circumflexed ; neither of which is ever seen
in Latin words, or very rarely." — Servius, Fonter. Re-
ply • page 31. Notes 32, bott. "
RULES
FOB
PRONOUNCING THE VOWELS
or
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
1. EVBRY vowel with the accent on it at the end of
• syllable is pronounced as in English, with its first
long open sound: thus Ca'to,* PhUome'la, Ori'on, Pho'-
eion, Lu'cifer, &c. have the accented vowels sounded
exactly as in the English words pa'per, me'tre, spi'der,
no'ble, tu'tor, 4c.
2. Every accented vowel not ending a syllable, but
followed by a consonant, has the short sound as in Eng-
lish : thus Man'lius, Pen'theus, Pin'darus, Col'chis,
Ctir'tiiis, &c. have the short sound of the accented vow-
els, as in man'ner, plen'ty, prin'ter, coflar, cur'few, &c.
3. Every final t, though unaccented, has the long open
soir.nl : thus the final t forming the genitive case, as in
ilapis'tri, or the plural number, as in Dt'cii, has the
long open sound, as in vi'al ; and this sound we give to
this vowel in this situation, because the Latin » final in
genitives, plurals, and preterperfect tenses of verbs, is
ahvivs long; and consequently where the accented t is
followed by i final, both are pronounced with the long
diphthongal t, like the noun eye, as Achi'vl.^
4. Every unaccented » ending a syllable not final, as
that in thesecond ofAlcibiades, the Hernici, &c. is pro-
nounced like e, as if written Alcebiades, the Herneci,
&c. So the last syllable but one of the Fabii, the Hor-
atli, the Curiatii, Inc. is pronounced as if written Fa-
le-i, Ho-ra-ihe-i, Cu-re-a-she-i ; and therefore if the
unaccented i and the diphthong <E conclude a word, they
are both pronounced like e, as Harpyce, Harpj/e-e.
5. The diphthongs ee and <e, ending a syllable with
the accent on it, are pronounced exactly like the long
English e, as Caesar, (Eta, &c. as if w'ritten Cee'sar,
E'ta, itc. ; and like the short e, when followed by a
consonant in the same syllable, as Dcedalus, CKdipits,
Ac. pronounced as if written Deddalus, Kddipn.t, &c.
The vowels ei are generally pronounced like long t'.i —
For the vowels eu in final syllables, see the word Ido-
meneits : and for the oti in the same syllables, see the
word Antinous, and similar words, in the Terminational
Vocabulary.
fi. Y is exactly under the same predicament as i. It
i? long when ending an accented syllable, as Cy'rus; or
•when ending an unaccented syllable if final, as M'gy,
JE'py, &c. : short when joined to a consonant in the
sSme syllable, as Ly'cidas; and sometimes long and
* The pronunciation of Cato, Plato, Cleopatra, &c.
has been but lately adopted. Quin, and all the old dra-
matic school, used to pronounce the a in these and simi-
lar words like the a in father. Mr. Garrick, with great
good sense, as well as good taste, brought in the pre-
sent pronunciation, and the propriety of it has made it
now universal.
t This is the true analogical pronunciation of this
letter when ending an accented syllable; but a most
disgraceful affectation of foreign pronunciation has
exchanged this full diphthongal sound for the meagre,
squeezed sound of the French and Italian », not only in
almost every word derived from those languages, but in
many which are purely Latin, as Faustina, Messalina,
&c. Nay, words from the Saxon have been equally
perverted, and we hear the « in Klfrida, Edwina, &c.
turned into Klfreeda, Ediveena, &c. It is true this is
the sound the Romans gave to their t ; but the speakers
here alluded to are perfectly innocent of this, and do not
pronounce it in this manner for its antiquity, but its
novelty.
$ See Elege'ia, Hygeia, &c. in the Terminational Vo-
cabulary of Greek and Latin Proper Names
sometimes short, when ending an initial syllable not un-
der the accent, as Ly-cur'-gus, pronounced with the first
syllable like lie, a falsehood; and Lysimachus with the
first syllable like the first of legion ; or nearly as if di-
vided into Lys-im'a-chus, &c. See Princip'es of Eng-
lish Pronunciation prefixed to the Critical Pronounc-
ing Dictionary, No. 117, 118, &c. and 185, 186, Iff!.
7. A, ending an unaccented syllable, has the same ob-
scure sound as in the same situation in English words;
but it is a sound bordering on the Italian a, or the a in
fa-ther, as Dia'na, where the difference between the ac-
cented and unaccented a is palpable. See Principles of
English Pronunciation prefixed to the Critical Pro-
nouncing Dictionary, No. 92, and the letter A.
8. E final, either with or without the preceding con-
sonant, always forms a distinct syllable, as Penelope,
Hippocrene, Evoe, Amphitrite, &c. When any Greek
or Latin word is anglicised into this termination by
cutting off a syllable of the original, it becomes then
an English word, and is pronounced according to our
own analogy ; thus Acidalius, altered to Acidale, has
the final e sunk, and is a word of three syllables only ;
Proserpine, from Proserpina, undergoes the same alter-
ation. Thebes and Athens, derived from the Greek
®r,$* and AHr.ni, and the Latin Thebte and Athente, are
perfectly anglicised; the former into a monosyllable,
and the latter into a dissyllable: and the Greek'Kj»;T?!,
and the Latin Creta have both sunk into the English
monosyllable Crete; Hecate likewise pronounced in
three syllables when Latin, and in the same number in
the Greek word'Exofnj, in English is universally con-
tracted into two, by sinking the final e. Shakspeare
seems to have begun as he has now confirmed this pro-
nunciation by so adopting the word in Macbeth :
" Why, how now, Hecat' ? you look angerly." Act IV.
Perhaps this was no more thah a poetical licence to him;
but the actors have adopted it in the songs in this tra-
gedy: •
"He-cate, He-core, come away."
And the play-going world, who form no small portion
of what is called the better sort of people, have follow-
ed the actors in this word : and the rest of the world
have followed them.
The Roman magistrate, named jRnilis, is anglicised
by pronouncing it in two syllables, ASriilc. The capital
of Sicily, Syracuse?, of four syllables, is made three in
English, Syr'-a-cuse: and the city of Tyrus, of two
syllables, is reduced to a monosyllable in the English
Tyre.
Rules for pronotm'-ing the Consonants of Creek and
Latin Proper Names.
9. Cand G are hard before a, o, and w, as Cato, Ca-
mus, Cures, Galba, Gorgon, &c. — and soft before e, i,
and y, as Cebes, Scipio, Scylta, Cinna, Geryon, Geta,
Gillus, Gyges, Gymnosophistae, &c.*
* That this general rule should be violated bysmat-
terers in the learned languages in such words as Gym-
nastic, Heteropenet.us, A c. it is not to be wondered at ;
but that men of real learning, who do not want to show
themselves off to the vulgar by such inuendosof their
erudition, should give in to this iiregularity, is really
surprising. We laugh at the pedantry of the age of
James the First, where there is scarcely a pa<;e in any
English book that is not sprinkled with twenty Greek
and Latin quotations : and yet do not see the similar
RULES FOR PRONOUNCING GREEK AND LATTN PROPER NAMES.
10. T, S, and C, before in, ie, it, in, iu, and en, pre-
ceded by the accent, in Latin words, as in English,
change into .ih and zh, as Talian, Statins, Portiut,
Portia, Sodas, Caduceits, Accius, Huleetii, M'rsia, He-
siod, &c. pronounced Tashean, Stashcus, Porsheus,
Porshea, Sosheas, Cadusheus, Aksheus, Heleeihei,
Mezhea, Hezheod, &c. See Principles of English Pro-
nunciation prefixed to the Pronouncing Dictionary,
No. 357, 450, 451, 459, 463. But when the accent is ou
the first of the diphthongal vowels, the preceding con-
sonant does not go into sh, but preserves its sound pure,
as Miltiades, Antiates, &c. See the word Satiety, in
the Crit. Pron. Diet.
11. T and S, in proper names ending in Ha, sia, cyan,
andsi'on, preceded by the accent, change the t andsinto
sh and sh. Thus Phocion, Sicyon, and Cerryon, are pro-
nounced exactly in our own analogy, as if written Pfio-
shean, Sishean, and Sershean ; Artemisia and Aspasia,
sound as if written Artemizhea, and Aspazhed ; Gala-
tia, Aratia, Alotia, and Batia, as if written Galashea,
Arashea, Aloshea, and Bashea ; and if Atia, the town
In Campania, is not so pronounced, it is to distinguish
it from Atia, the eastern region of the world. But the
termination tion (of which there are not even twenty
examples in proper names throughout the whole Greek
and Latin languages) seems to preserve the f from going
into fit, as the last remnant of a learned pronunciation ;
and to avoid, as much as possible, assimilating with so
vulgar an English termination : thus, though Msion,
Jasion, Dionysian, change the s into z, as if written
JEzinn, Jazion, Dionizion, the z does not become zh ;
but Pliilistion, Oration, Eurytion, Dotion, Androtion,
Hippotion, Iphition, Ornytion, Metion, Polytion, St ra-
tion, Sot ion, dZantion, Pallantion, JEt:on, Hippocrati-
on, and Ampfiyction preserve the t in its tme sound:
Hephasstion, however, from the frequency of appearing
with Alexander, has deserted the small class of his
Greek companions, and joined the English multitude,
by rhyming with question; and Tertian and Thcodotion
seem perfectly anglicised. With very, very few excep-
tions, therefore, it may be concluded, that Greek and
Latin proper names are pronounced alike, and that both
of them follow the analogy of English pronunciation.
12. Ch. These letters before a vowel are always pro-
nounced like k, as Chabrias, Colchis, <fcc. ; but when
they come before a mute consonant at the beginning of
a word, as in Chthonia, they are mute, and the word is
pronounced as if written Thonia. Words beginning with
Sche, as Sfhedius, Scheria, &c. are pronouncea as if
written Skedius, Skeria, &c. and c before n in the Latin
prajnomen Cneux, or Cndetts, is mute ; so in Cnopitt, Cno-
sus, &c. and before t in Cteattts, and g before « in Gni-
dus, — pronounced Nopits, tfosus, Teatrts, and Nidus.
l.'J. At the beginning of Greek words we frequently
find the uncombinable consonants Mff, TM, &c. as
Mnemofgne', Mnesidamut, Mnens, Mnesteits, Tmolns,
&c. These are to be pronounced with the first conso-
nant mute, as if written Nemnsyne, \esidamus, Neus,
Kesteus, Molus, 4c. in the same manner as we pro-
nounce the words Bdeiium, Pneumatic, Gnomon, Afne»
moniet, &c. without the initial consonant. The same
may be observed of the C hard like K, when it comes
before T; as Ctesiphon, Ctesipput, &c. Some of these
words we see sometimes written with an e or i after the
first consonant, as Menestut, Timnlut, &c. and then
the initial consonant is pronounced.
14. Ph, followed by a consonant, is mute, as Phthia,
Phthiotis, pronounced Thia, Thiotix, in the same man-
ner as the naturalized Greek word Phtnisictc pronounc-
ed Tisiclc.
15. Ps: — p is mute also in this combination, as in
Psyche, Psammetichuf, ic. pronounced Syfce, Sam-
meticus, &c.
16. Pt : p is mute in words beginning with these let-
ters when followed by a vowel, as Ptolemy, Pterilas,
&c. pronounced Tolemy, Teriln." , kc ; but when follow-
ed by /, the t is heard, as in Tifptolemvs : for though we
have no words of our own with these initial consonants,
we have many words that end with them, and they are
certainly pronounced. The same may be observed of
the z in Zmilaces.
pedantry of interlarding our pronunciation with Greek
and Latin sounds; which may be affirmed to be a greater
perversion of our language than the former. In the
one case, the introduction of Greek and Latin quota-
tions does not interfere with the English phraseology j
but in the other the pronunciation is disturbed, and a
motley jargon of sounds introduced, as inconsistent with
true taste as it is with neatness anil uniformity.
17. The letters S, .T, and Z, require but little obser-
vation, being generally pronounced as in pure English
words. It may, however, be remarked, that *, at the
end of words, preceded by any of the vowels but e, ha*
its pure hissing sound ; as mas, dis, os, mtix, &c. — but
when e precedes, it goes into the sound of z; as pet
Thersltes, votes, &c. It may also be observed, that
when it ends a word preceded by r orn.it has the sound
of i. Thus the letter s in mem, Mars, mors, &c. has
the same sound as in the English word hens, stars,
wars, &c. X, when beginning a word or syllable, is
pronounced like z ; as Xerxes, Xenophon, &c. are pro-
nounced Zerxes, Zenophon, &c. Z is uniformly pro-
nounced as in English words : thus the s in Zeno and
Zeugma is pronounced as we hear it in zeal, zone, ic.
Rules for ascertaining the English quantify of Greek
and Latin Proper Names*
18. It may at first be observed, that in words of two
syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, what-
ever be the quantity of the vowel in the first syllable
in Greek or Latin, we always make it long in English :
thus Crates the philosopher, and crate* a hurdle ; de-
ctw honour, and dedo to give ; ovo to triumph, and ovum
an egg ; Numa the legislator, and Numen the divinity,
have the first vowel always sounded equally long by an
English speaker, although in Latin the first vowel ia
the first word of each of these pairs is short.*
19. On the contrary, words of three syllables, with
the accent on the first, and with but one consonant after
the first syllable, have thai syllable pronounced short,
let the Greek or Latin quantity be what it will : thus
regulus and remara, mimicus and minium, are heard
with the first vowel short in English pronunciation,
though the first word of each pair has its first syllable
long 'in Latin : and the « in fumigo and fugito is pro-
nounced long in both words, though in Latin the last
w is short. This rule is never broken but when the
first syllable is followed by e or i, followed by another
rowel : in this caee the vowel in the first syllable is
long, except that vowel be i: thus lamia, genius, Li-
bya, docco, cupio, have the accent on the first syllable,
and this syllable is pronounced long in every word but
Libya, though in the original it is equally short in all.
£o. It must have frequently occurred to those who
instruct youth, that though the quantity of the accent-
ed syllable of long proper names has been easily con-
veyed, yet that the qua»tity of the preceding unaccent-
ed syllables has occasioned some embarrassment. An
appeal to the laws of our own language would soon
have removed the perplexity, and enabled us to pro-
nounce the initial unaccented syllables with as much
decision as the others. Thus every accented antepen-
ultimate vowel but u, even when followed by one con-
sonant only, is, in our pronunciation of Latin, as well
as in English, short: thus fabula, teparo, diliiro, nobi~
Us, cm-iimin, have the first vowels pronounced as in
the English words, capital, celebrate, simony, tolitwie,
luculertt, in direct opposition to the Latin quantity,
which makes every antepenultimate vowel in all these
words but the last long; and this toe pronounce long,
though short in Latin. But if a semi-consonant diph-
thong succeed, then every such vowel is long but i in
our pronunciation of both languages; and Euffaneux,
Eugenia, filius, folium, dubia, have the vowel in the
antepenultimate syllable pronounced exactly as in the
English words satiate, menial, delirious, nntorimtx,
penurious ; though they are all short in Latin but the
i, which we pronounce short, though in the Latin it is
long.
21. The same rule of quantity takes place in those syli
lables which have the secondary accent : for as we pro-
nounce lamentation, demonstration, diminution domi-
nation, Itictibration, with every vowel in the first syl-
lable short but «, so we pronounce the same vowels in
the same manner in lamentatio, demohstrntio, diminu-
tin, duminatio, and lueubratio; but if a semi-consonant
diphthong succeed the secondary accent, as in Ariovis-
tus, Jleliodoms, Gabintonut, Herodianus, and Volitsi-
anus, every vowel preceding the diphthong is long but
i ; just as we should pronounce these vowels in the Eng-
lish words amiability, mediatorial, propitiation, excor-
iation, centurintnr, ifcc. For the nature of the second-
ary accent, see Principles prefixed to the Critical Pro-
nouncing Dictionary, No. 544.
* The only word occurring to meat present, where this
rule is not olwerveil, is Canon, a rule, which is alway*
pronounced like the word Camion, apisceof ordnance.
6 RUI-ES FOR PRONOUNCING GREEK AN1) LAilN PROPER NAMES.
ti. Put to reduce these rules into a smaller compass,
that th' y may Vnmreeasily comprehended and remem-
bered, it may '; • observed, that as we always shorten
every antepenultimate vowel with the primary accent
but u, unless followed h) a semi-consonant diphthong,
though this antepenultimate vowel is often long in
Creek and Latin, as JEnchylus, A&tchints, &c. ; and the
antepenultimate i, even though it be followed by such a
diphthong , a< r.lKii;-i>ia, Vr.'isia, &c. — so we shorten
the first syllable of JKtcvlapiut, Xnooarbut, Stc. be-
cause the first syllable of both these words has the re-
eondary accent: but we pronounce the same vowels
long in ASthinpia, XifM'-'is, Hn.'inrtu*, ic. because
this accent is followed by a semi-consonant diphthong.
23. This rule sometimes hoh'.sgood where a mute and
liquid intervene, and determines the first syllable of
Ailfinn, Adriatic. «'cc. to be long like ay, and not short
liken**.- aivl it ii on this analogical division of the
words, so little understood or attended to, that a per-
fci t i.'.ul a consistent pronunciation of them depends.
It is this analogy that determines the first u to be
long in stupidtijt, and the y short in clypea, though
both are short in the Latin; and the o in the first
syllable of Coriolanus, which is short in Latin, to be
long in English.
24. The necessity of attending to the quantity of the
vowel in the accented syllable has sometimes produced
• division of woids in th • following vocabulary that
does not seem to convey the act-ial pronunciation.
Thus the words Sulpititif, Anicium, Artemisium, &c.
boil).; divided into Sul-pif-i-tts, A-ni'-'i-um, Ar-te-miffi-
tini, >.Vc. we fancy the sy.l >b!e after the accent deprived
of a consonant closely united wi'.li it in sound, and
which, from such a union, derives an aspirated sound
equivalent to sh. But as the sound of r, c, or », in this
situation, is so generally understood, it was thought
more eligible to divide the words in this manner, than
into Sul-pi'ti-ut, A-ni-ci'um, Ar-te-ini'si-um, as in the
latter mode the t wants its shortening consonant, and
might, by some speakers, be pronounced, as it general-
ly ishi Scotland, likecs. The same may be observed
of e and p when they end a syllable, and are followed
by « or i, as in Ar-e-ra'tus, Ac-i-<la'li-a, Ti.e-et-li'nus,
T'-^'y-ra, ic, where the c and g ending a syllable, we
at lirst sight think them to ha e theirhard sound ; but
by observing the succeeding vowel, we soon perceive
them to be soft, and only made to end a syllable in or-
der to determine the shortness of the vowel wHich pre-
cedes.
23. The genera! rule therefore of quantity indicated
by the syllabication adopted in the vocabulary is, that
When a consonant ends a syllable, (he vowel is always
short, whether the accent be on it or not; and that
when a vowel ends a syllable with the accent on it, it is
always long: that the vowel u. when It ends a syllable,
is long whether the accent be on it or not, and that the
voweft, (3) (4) when it ends a syliable without the ac-
cer.t, is pronounced like e ; but if the syllable Ix final,
it has its long open sound as if the accent were on it ;
and the same may be observed of the letter y.
Rules for placing the accent of Greek and Latin
Proper Names.
26. Words of two syllables, either Greek or Latin,
whatever be the quantity in the original, have, in Eng-
lish pronunciation, the accent on the first syllable : and
if a single consonant come between two vowels, the
consonant goes to the last syllable, and the vowel in
the first is long : as Cnto, Ceres, Comus, &c. See Prin-
ciples of English Pronunciation prefixed to the Critical
Pronouncing Dictionary, No. &13, and the word Drama.
27. Polysyllables, adopted whole from the Greek or
Latin into English, have generally the accent of the
I .aim : that is, if the penultimate be long the accent is
on it, as Severus, Democedes, ftc. ; if short, the accent
is on the antepenultimate, as Demosthenes, Aristupha-
nes, Posthumous, &c. See Introduction.
28. When Greek or Latin proper names are andicis-
cd, either by an alteration of the letters, or by cuttin •-•
off the latter syllables, the accent of the original, as in
appellatives under the same predicament, is transferred
nearer to the beginning of the word. Thus Proserpina
has the accent on the second syllable ; but when altered
to Proserpine, it transfers the accent to the first. The
same may be observed of Homerus, Virtdlius, Horati-
vs, Ac. when anglicised to Homer, Virgil, Horace, &c.
See the word Academy in the Critical Pronouncing
Dictionary.
i!>. As it is not very ea<y, therefore, so it is not ne-
cessary to decide where doctors disagree. When rea-
sons he deep in Greek and Latin etymology, the cur-
rent pronunci.ition will be followed, let the learned do
all they can to hinder it; thus, after Hyperion has
been accented bv our best poets according to our own
analogy, with the accent on the antepenultimate, as
Shakspeare :
" Hype'rion't curls ; the front of Jove himself.*
Hamlet,
- that was to this
Hype'rion to a satyr."
• next dav after dawn.
Ibid.
Doth riie and help Hype.'rion to his horse."
Hem-y T.
So Cooke-inhis translation of Hf find's Theogony fol-
lows the accentuation of Shakspcare :
Hyperion and Japhet, brothers, join ;
Thea and Rliaa of this ancient line
Descend ; and Themis boasts the source divine.
The fruits of Thia and Hyperion nse.
And with refulgent lustre light the skies."
After this f '.-.Wished pronunciation, I say, how hope-
less es well KS useless, would it be to attempt the penul-
timate accentuation, which yet ought undoubtedly to
be preserved in reading or speaking Greek or Latin com
positions ; but in reading or spr aking English, must be
left to those who would rather appear learned thai! ju-
dicious. But Action, Arion, Anipl>io:i, Kehion, O.-i..n,
Ifiiai, Pandion, Asian, Alphion, JErion, O/.'.-ion. .Wo-
thion, Arion, Kion, Thlexion, and Sand'dn, preserve
their penuitiinate accent invariably ; while Ethar.nt:, a
word of the same form and origin,' is pronounced with
the accent on the antepenultimate, like Dcuralion and
Pypmliun ; and this, if I mistake not, is the common
pronunciation of a ship in the British navy, so called
from the name of the Argonaut, who accompanied Ja-
son on his expedition to Colchis to fetch the Golden
Fleece.
30. The same difficulty of deciding between common
usage and classical propriety appears in words er.ding i?i
ia : as Alexandria, Antiochla, Seleucia, Samaria, Iphi-
genia, and several others, which were pronounced by
our ancestors, as appears from their poetry, according
to our own analogy, with the accent on the antepenul-
timate syllable ; and there is no doubt but every woi d of
this form would have fallen into thesameaccentimtion,
if classical criticism had not stepped in and prevented
it. A philosophical grammarian would be apt to tlunk
we are not much obliged to scholars for this interrup-
tion of the vernacular current of pronunciation : but RS
there is se plausibie a plea as that of reducr.v? v.-ords to
their original languages, and as a knowledgeot' th-.
guages will always bean honourable distinction ;
men, it is strongfy to be suspected that these wpri!-; will
not long continuein their plain homespun English dross.
This critical correction, however, seems to have come
too late for some words, which, as Pope expresses it,
have " slid iiito verse," and taken possession oi'our cars:
and therefore, perhaps, the best way of disposing of
them will be to consider them as the ancients did the
quantity of certain doubtful syllables, and to pronounce
them either way. Some, however, seem always to have
preserved the accent of their origin?! language, as T/nilia
aiul Sophia; but Iphisrenia, Anticchia, Selmi'ia, and
Samaria, have generally yielded to the English antepe-
nultimate accent ; and Erythia, Deidamia, Latxlsniia,
Hippottamia, Apanii'i, llithyia, and Orithyia, from their
seldom appearing in mere English composition, have
not often been drawn aside into plain English pronun-
ciation. The same may be observed of words ending in
nicus or nice; if they are compounded of the Greek
».«>]• the penultimate syllable is always long, and trust
have the accent, as Stratonirus, liernice, &c. ; if this
termination be what is called a gentile, signifying a man
by his country, the penultimate is short, and the accent
is on the antepenultimate; as Macedouicus, iardoni-
cus, Brittannicus, Ac. See Andronicus.
31. Thus we see many of these proper names are of
dubious accentuation ; and the authorities which may
be produced on both sides sufficiently show us the in-
utility of criticising beyond a certain point. It is in
these a> in many English words ; there are some which,
if mispronounced, immediately show a want of educa-
tion; and there are others which, though not pro-
nounced in the most erudite manner, stamp no imputa-
tion of ignorance or illiteracy. To have a general know-
ledge, therefore, of the pronunciation of these woids.
RULES FOB PRONOUNCING GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
leems absolutely necessary for those who would appear
respectable in the more respectable part of society. Per-
haps no people on earth are so correct in their accentua-
tion of proper names as the learned among the English.
The Port-Royal Grammar informs us, that " notwith-
standing all the rules that can be given, we are often
under the necessity of submitting to custom, and of ac-
commodating our pronunciation to what is received
among the learned according to the country we are in."
" So we pronounce," says the grammarian, " Aristo'-
bulus llasi'lius, Ido'lium, with the accent on the ante-
penultimate, though the penultimate is iong because
it is the custom; and, on the contrary, we pronounce
Andre'as, ide'a, Mnri'a, &c. with the accent 0:1 the pe-
nultimate, though it is short, because it is the custom
of the most learned. The Italians," continues he,
" place the accent on the penultimate of antonomati'a,
hurmnni'a, philosophi'a, tlieologi'a, and similar words,
according to the Greek accent, because, as Ricdolius
observes, it is the cuitom of their country. Alvareiand
Gretser think we ought always to pronounce them in
this manner, though the custom, not only of Germany
and Spain, but of all France, is against it : but Nebrissen-
sis authorizes this last pronunciation, and says, that it
is better to place the accent of these vowels on the ante-
penultimate syllable; which shows," concludes the
grammarian, " that when we once depart from the an-
cient rules, we have but little certainly in practice,
which is so different in different countries."
Kut however uncertain and desultory ,the accentua-
tion of many words may be, it is a great satisfaction to a
lanuy ami Kiiuwm^iy. i\ peraon wno Knows mat scno-
Jars themselves differ in the pronunciation of these
words, can always pronounce with security ; but one,
who is unacquainted with the state of the accent, i* noC
sure that he is right when he really it so, and always
pronounces at his peril.
PRONUNCIATION
OF
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
INITIAX, VOCABULARY.
»»» When a word is succeeded by a word printed in Italics, the latter word is merely to spell the former as it
ought to be pronounced. Thus Abansheas is the true pronunciation of the preceding word Abantias ; and so of
the rest.
*»* The figures annexed to the words refer to the Rules prefixed to the Work. Thus the figure 3 after Achtei
refers to Rule the 3d, for the pronunciation of the final i ; and the figure 4 after Abii refers to Rule the 4th, for
the pronunciation of the unaccented i, not final : and so of the rest.
»»* When the letters £ns-. are put after a word, it is to show that this word is the preceding word Anglicised
Thus Lu'can, Eng., is the Latin word Lucanus, changed into the English Lucan.
ABY ACR ADR JEG
•A'BA and AT)i-i 4
Ac-a-cal'lis 7 A-ces-to-do'
Ach-o-lo'e Ac'tis
'jE-a 7 yE-gae'um
ATxe Ab'i-la 4, 7
Ac-a-ce'si-um rus
Ach-ra-di'na Ac-tis'a-ne«
/E-a-ce'a ^-gas'us
Ab'a-a A-bis'a-res 7
10 A-^es-torl-
Ac-i-cho'ri-usAc'ti-um 10
jE-ac/i-das yE-gale-os
Au'a-tn A-bis'a-ris 7
A7c-a-se':lie- des
Ac-i-da'li-a 8 Ac'ti-us 10
^G-ac'i-des >E-s»ale-un>
Ab-a-ce'neS Ab-i-son'tes 4
um A-ce'tes
Ac-i-da'sa Ac'tor
yE'a-cus jE'gan
Al/a-ga Ab-le'tes 1
A-ca'ci-us 10 *Ach-a-by'tos
A-cil'i-a Ac-tor'i-des
JE'ie -^E'gas 5
Ab'a-lus 20 A-bob'ri-ca
A-ka'she-us 12
Ac-i-lig/e-na Ac-to'ris
jE-ae'a /E-ga'tes
+A-ba'na 7 A-boTjus
Ac-a-de'mi-a7A-ch;p'a 7
21 A-cu'phis
jE-an-te'um ^K-ge'le-oa
A-ban'tes A-boec'ri-tusS
Ac-a-de'mus A-chart 3
A-cil'i-us A-cu-si-la'us
jE-an'ti-des jE^e'ri-a
A-ban'ti-as 10Ab-o-la'ni 3
Ac-a-lan'drus A-chae'i-um
A-cil'la 7 A-cu'ti-cus,
^E-au'tis ^E-ges'ta
A-bvn' she-as A-bolus 7, 1
A-calle 8 A-chsm'e-nes
A'cis M.
JE'ax JR-ge'os
Ab-an-ti'a- Ab-on-:-tei'-
A-ca-mar'chisAch-ee-me'n!-
Ac'mon A'da 7
-"E'a-tus jE-gi'a-le
des 1 chos *
•~ a
Ac-monl- A-dae'us
jEch-mac'o- ^E-gi-a'li-us
A-ban'ti-das 4Ab-o-ra'ca 1,7
Ac'a-mas 7 Ach-as-men'i-
des 4 Ad-a-man-
ras - 2:4
A-ban'tis Ab-o-rig'i-iies
A-camp'sis 7 des
A-coe'tcs ts'a 7
^Ech'mis ^E-gi-ali-a
Ab-ar-ba're- 4
A-can'tha7 A-cha»'us
A-co'nje 4 Ad'a-mas
yE-dep'sum 2'-!, 4
a 7 A-bor'ras 7
A-can'thus" A-cha'i-a7
A-con'tes Ad-a-mas'tus
jE-des'sa ./E-gi'a-lus
• Ab'a-ri 3 Ab-ra-da'tas
Ac'a-ra 7 Ach'a-ra 7
A-con'te-us A-das'pi-i 4
jE-dic'u-la jE-gi'de»
A-bar'i-mon4Ab-ra-da'tes
Ac-a'ri-a 7 Ach-a-ren'ses
A-con'ti-us lOAd'a-tna
jE-diles 8 jE-gi'la
Ab'a-ris 7 A-bren'tius 10
Ac-ar-na'ni-a A-char'nae 4
A-coa-to-bu'- Ad-de-pha'gi-
vE-dip'sus ^E-gil'i-a
A-ba'rus 1 A-broc'o-mas
7 A-cha'tes
lus a
jE'don jK-gim'i-us
ATias 1 Ab-rod-i-as'-
A-car'nas 7 Ach-e-lol-des
A-co'ris Ad'dn-a 7
^E'du-i, or jEg-i-mo'rus
A-ba'sa 1, 7 tus4
A-cas/ta7 4
A'cra A-del'phi-us
He-d'u-i jE-gi'na
Ab-a-si'tis 7,l.\-bron'y-rus6
Ab-as-se'na A-bro'ni-us4
A-cas'tus 7 Ach-e-lo'ri-
Ac-a-than'tus um
A'crae A-de'mon
A'crae'a 7 A'des, or Ha'-
jE-el'lo ^g-i-ne'ta
^E-e'ta jEg-i-ne'tes
1, 7 Ab'ro-ta 7
"i Ach-e-lo'us
A-cra;ph'ni- des
^E-e'ti-as 10 /E-gi'o-chus
Ab^as-se'ni A-brot'o-num
Ac'ci-a 10, 7 A-cherMus
a 7 Ad-gan-des'-
-•E'ga uE-gi'pan
A-bas'sus7 A-bryp'o-lis6
Ak-she'a A-cher'i-mi 3,
Ac-ra-gal-li'- tri-us
jE-ge'aj jE-gi'ra
At'a-tos 7 Ab-se'us
Atr-ci-la7 4
da? 4 Ad-herTwl
M'giK o jE-gir-o-es'sa
Ab-da-lon'i- Ab-sin'thi-i 1
Ac'ci-us 10 Ach'e-ron
Ac-ra'gas 7 Ad-her'bas
JE-gx'x •K'E'gis
mus 4 Ab'so-rus
Ak'she-ut Ach-e-ron'tia
A-cra'tus Ad-i-an'te 8
^E-gae'on ^E-gis'thus
Ab-de'ra 1, 7 Ab-svr'tos6
Ac'cu-a 7 10
A'cri-as 4 A-di-af o-rix
Ab-de'ri-a 1, 4Ab-syr'tus 6
Ab-u-li'tes l
Ab-de-ri'tes 1 Ab-y-de'ni 6
A'ce8 Ach-e-rn'si-a
Ac-e-di'ci 3,*t 1 1
Ac'e-la 24 Ach-e-ru'si-as
Ac-ri-doph'a- Ad-i-man'tus
gi 3 Ad-me'ta 7
A-cri'on 11 Ad-i-me'te
• JEa. — This dipthong ig
merely ocular, for the a
Ab-de'rus 1 Ab-y-de'nus6
Ac-e-ra tus 27 1 1
Ac-ris-i-o'ne Ad-me'tus
lias no share in the sound,
A-be/a-ta7, i,A-by'di 6
5 A-byMos 6
A-cer'lras A-che'tus
Ac-e-ri'na 1 A-chillas
Ac-ris-i-o-ne'- A-do'ni-a
us A-do'nig
though it appears in the
A-bella 7 A-b/dus
A-certae 4 A-chilleus
Ac-ris-i-o-ni'- Ad-ra-myt'ti-
nounce the n, there is no
Ab-el-li'nus AbVlaS
Ac-er-sec'o- Ach-il-le'a 7
a-des um
middle sound between that
AT)i-a 1,4,7 Ab'ylonB
mes Ach-il-lei-en'-
A-cris'e-us 10 A-dra'na 7, 1
etter and e , and therefore
A-ben'da7 Ab-ys-si'ni 1
Ab'ga-rus Ab-ys-sin'i-a6
A'ces 7 ses
A-ce'si-a 10 Ach-il-le's
Ac-e-si'nes 1 A-chiHes
A-cri'tas 1 A-dra'num
Ac-ro-a'thon A-dras'ta
Ac-ro-ce- A-dras'ti-a
we have adopted the last
vowel and relinquished the
first. This among other
Ac-e-si'nusl A-chiHe'um
raun'ni-um A-dras'tus
reasons, makes it probable
• Every a ending a svlla-
ble, with the accent upon
it, is pronounced like the a
in the English words fa-
A-ce si-us 10 A-chi'vi 4
A-ces'ta 7 Ach-la-dae'us
A-ces'tes Ach-o-la'i 3
A-ces'ti-umiOAc-ra-di'na 7
Ac-ro-co-rin'- A'dri-a 23
thus A-dri-a'num
A'cron 1 A-dri-at'i-
Ac-ro-pa'tos cum
:hat the Greeks and Ro-
mans pronounced the a as
we do in water, and the e
at we hear it in where and
vour, ta-per, &c- See Rule
A-cron'o-lis A-dri-an-op'-
there ; tt\3 middle <Jr mixt
the 1st, prefixed to this vo-
Ac-rata o-lis
sound then would be like a
cabulary.
• Achabytos.—Ch, in this
A-crot'a-tus A-dri-a'nus
nfither, which was pro-
t Every unaccented a,
whether initial, medial, or
and all the subsequent
words have the sound of k.
Ar-ro'tho-os A-dii-an,
.\dtnl (Eng.)
jably the sound they gave
to this diphthong.
final, ending a syllable, has
Thus Achabytos, Achtea,
Ac-t«e'a 7 Ad-ri-me'-
t JEgii. — This diph-
an obscure sound, border-
Achates, kc., are pro-
Ac-ta:'on 4 turn
thone, 'though long in
ing on the a va father. See
nounced as if written Aka-
Ac-tz'us 4 Ad-u-afi-ci 4
Greek or Latin, is in Eng-
Rule the 7th, prefixed to
this vocabulary.
bytos, AJctfa, Akatei, &C.
See Rule the 12th.
Ac'teS A-dn'-ma-
Ac'ti-a 10 chi'da;
lish pronunciation either
long or short, according to
/ET
ALB
ALI
AMP
^E-gi'tuui jEn-o-bar'-
.Et'na Ag'non
AlTjus Pa'gusf A-le'i-us
Al-ir-ro'thi- Am-a-io'ul-
'/E-ci'um bus 22
jE-to'li-a Ag-nou'i-dos
Al-bu'ti-us lo Cam'pus
us us
JEgfle .En'o-clei
^E-to'lus Ag-o-na'li-a
Al-cse'us Al-e-man'nl
Al'li-a Ain-bnr'ri J
jEg'les jE'uos
A'fer anil A-go'-
Al-cara'e-nes A-le'mon
A!-li-e'nos Am'be-nus
jEg-le'tes jE'num
A-fra'ni-a ni-a
Al-can'der Al-e-mu'si-i 4
.M-lob'ro-ges Am-bor-va'li-
.lEg'lo-ge jE-nv'ra
A-fra'ui-us A-go'ncs
Al-can'ihre A'lens
'.•y-ges a
jE-gobo-lus .E-o'li-a
Af'ri-ca 7 Ago-nia
Al-ca'nor A'lv-on
Al-lot'ri-ges Am-b»-a>-n'te»
yE-goc'e-ros ^E-o'li-a;
Af'ri-ca'nus A-go'ni-us
Al-cath'o-e A-le'si
Al-lu'ti-us 10 Am-bi-a'num
jE'gon jE-ol'i-da
Af'ri-cum Ag-o-rac'ri-
Al-cath'c-us A-le'si-a 1*
A-Io'a Am-bi-a-ti'-
^E'gos-pot'a- jE-ol'i-des
A-gag-ri-a'iKC tus
Ai'ce A-le'si-umio
Al-o-e'us num
mos yK'o-lis
Ag-a-las'ses Ag-o-raa'o-
Al-ce'uor A
Al-o-r'dffi Am-bi-ga'tus
jEg-o-sa'gae ^E'o-lu&
A-gal'la 7 mis
Al-ces'te A
Al-o-i'des Am-bi'o-rix
,/E-gos'the-na/E-o'ra
A-gam'ina-tieAg-o-ra'nis
Al-ccs'tis A-le'tki-a
A-lo'ne AmTjla-da
jE'gus jE-pa'li-us
Ag-a-me'des Ag-o-ra/a
Al'ce-tas A-let'i-das
Al'o-pe Am-bra'ci-a
jE'gy 6 jE-pe'a
Ag-a-meiu'- A'gra l
Al'chi-das 12 A-le'tri-um
A-!op'e-ce ID
^Eg-y-pa'nes yEp'u-lo2i
jE-gyp'sus jE py 6
non A-j;rse'i 3
Ag-a-mem- Ag'ra-gas
Al-chim'a- A-le'tum
cus Al-eu-a'dae
A-lop'e-ces. Am-bra'ci-us
A-!o'pi-us 10
^E-gyp'li-i4, jEp'y-tus 21
no'ui-us A-gfiiii'iu
A.l-ci-bi'a-des A-le'us
A'los AmTiri s
.lE-qua'na 7
Ag-a-me'tor A-grau'li-a
4 A'lex 1
A-lo-'ti-a 10 Am-bro'nes
S-gyp-ti-umJE'qai 3
Ag-am-nes'- A-grau'los
Al-cid'a-mas A-lex-a-me'-
Al-pe'nus Am-bro'si-a
10 yE-quic'o-li
tor Aj;-rau-o-ni'-
Al-ci-da-me'a nus
Al'pes 10
jE-gyp'tus jEq-ui-me'li-
Ag-a-nip'pe tae
Al-ci-dam'i- ^Al-ex-an'der
Alps (Eng.) Am-bro'si-u»
jE'fi-a um
A-gan'za-ga A-grva'nes
das Al-ex-an'dra
Al-ph«'a 10
/E-li-a'nus jE'ri-as
Ag-a,-pe'uo A-g ne'e-la.
Al-cid'a-mus Al-ex-an'dri'-
Al-phe'i-a Ain-bry'on
M'U-an jEr'o-pe
Ag-a-re'ni 3 Ag-ri-gcn'-
Al-ci'da» a 30
Al-phe'nor Am-brys'sus
(Eng.) ^Er'o-pus
Ag-a-ris'ta turn
Al-ci'des Al-ex-an'drl-
Al-ph«'nus Am-bul'li 3
jE'li-us and jEs'a-cus.
A-gas-'i-cles A-griri'i-um.
Al-cid'i-ce des
Al-pha-si- Am'e-les
jE'li-a ^E-sa'pus
A-gas'sas A-gri-o'ni-a.
Al-cim'e-de Al-ex-an-dri'-
bce'a 5 Am-e-na'nus
jE-lu'ru« JE'sar, or JE-
A-gas'tke-nes.V-gri'o-pas
Al-cim'e-don na
Alr-p'ie-si- Am-e-ni'des
jE-mil'li-a sa'ras
A-gas'thus A-gri'o-pe
Al-cim'e-nes Al-ex-an-
bte'us A-meu'o-cle«
jE-mil-i-a'- -Es'clii-nes 22
A-gas'tro- A-grip'pa
Al'ci-mus drop'o-lis
Al-phe'us A-me'ri-a
nus jEs'chi-roi)l2
phus A-^rip-pi'na
Al-ciii'o-e Al-ex-a'uor
Al'plii-us A-me»'tra-tu»
^E-inil'i-us ^Es-cby-li'des
Ag'a-tha. A-gris'o-pe 8
Al'd-nor At-ax-ar'chus
AI-phJ'on29 A-mes'tris
>Em-nes'tus /Es'chy-Ius2l
JE'moa ^Es-cu-la'pi-
Ag-ath-ar'- A'gri-iis 1
chi-das Ag'ro-laa
*Al-ciuo-«s A-lex'as
Al-ci-o'ne-us A-lex'i-a
Al-pi'nus A-mic'las
Al'pis Am-ic-lje'us
iEm'o-na us 22
Ag-ath-ar'- A'gron
5 A-letc't/te-a
Al'si-um.10 A-mic-ta;'us
^5-mo'ni-a jE-se'pus
chi-dcs A-gro'tas
Al'ci-phron A-lex-ic'a-cus
Al'sus A-mic'tas
jE-mon'i-des -E-ser ni-a
Ag-ath-ar'cusA-f'rQt'er-a
Al-cip'pe- Al-ex-i'nus
Al-thac'a A-mi'da 3
jE'mus jE-si'on 11
A-ga'thi-as A-gyl'e-usS
Al-cip'pus A-lexl-o
Al-thaem'e- A-mil'car
./E-myl'i-a yE'sou
Ag'a-tho A-gylla
Al'cis A-iek'she-o
nes Ain'i-los 4
^E-myl-i-a'- jE-son'i-des
A-gath-o-cle'-Ag-y 1-laAi*
Al-cith'o-e Al-ex-ip'pus
Al-ti'num A-niim'o-ne,
nus jE-so'pus
a A-gy'rus
Ak-jQa;'on Al-ex-ir'a-es
Al'tis or A-mvm'-
jE-myll-i 4 JE'aof, (Eng.)
A-gath'o-cles A-gyr'i-um
Alc-m»-OQ'i- Al-ex-irTio-e
A-Iun'ttum o-ne
jE-myl'i-us ^Es-tri-a
Afa-thon A-gvr'i-us
da; A-lex'is
10 A-min'e-a, or
jE-na'ri-a yEs'u-a
A-gath-o-ny'-A-L'yr'tes
Alc'man A-lex'o:i
A'lus, -Al'u-us Am-minVa
JE-ne'a. jE-sy'e-tes
mus A-ha'la 7
Alc-me'ua Al-fa-ter'iia
A-ly-at'tes A-mia'i-as
.iE-ne'a-des ^E-sym-ne'-
Ag-a-thos'- A'jax
Al-cy'o-ne Al-fe'nus
AI'y-ba.6 A-min'i-us
yE-ne'a-dse tes'^l
the-nes A-i-do'ne-us5
Al-cy-o'ne-us Al'gi-dum
Al-y-cae'a A-min'o-cks
.E-ne'as jEs-ym'nus
Ag-a-thyr'- A-iiu'y-lus
s Al-i-ac'mon
Al-y-cas'us Am-i'se-na
JE-ne'i-a jE-thal'i-des
num A-i'us'Lo-cu'-
AI-cy'o-na A-li-ar'tuui
A-lvs'sus A-mis'i-as 10
jE-ne'is jE-thi-o'pi-a
^E-ne'i-des 4 22
Ag-a-thyr's: 3 ti-us
A-ga'vse Al-a-bau'da
Al-dus'cus A-li-ar'tus
Al-du'a-bis Al'i-cis
A 1-yx-o th'o^e A-mU'sas
A-mad'o-cik3 A-mi'sum
jE-nes-i-de'- ^Eth'li-us
A-gau'i 3 Al'a-bu*
A'le-al,7 A-lt-e'au»21
A-niad'o-cus A-~
mus _^E'thon
JE-ne'si-us l".-E'thra
A-ga'vus A-le'sa
Ag-des'tis A-laj'a
A-]e'bas Al'i-£ic
A-leT>iroa Al-i-!a''i 3, 4
Ajn'ai-ge- Am-i-ter'-
Ara-at-Uwe'a num
jE-ne'tus ^E-thu'sa
, Ag-e-e'na A-las'i 3
A-lecT:o A<-ii-uaea'tus
Anval-the'- Am-i-tha'oii,
-E'ni-a jE'ti-a 10
Ag-e-las'tus A-lse'us
A-lec'tor A -'.
or Ain-y-
/K-ni'a-cus ^E'ti-oii 1 1
Ag-e-la'us Al-a-go'iii-a
A-lec'try-on A-lin-do'i-a
Ain'a-rta tha'on
.•E-ni-o'chi 12*/E'ti-us 10
A-gen'a-tha A-laTa
A-lec'tus Ati-plK^ri-a.
A-man'tes An>ma'lo
; Ag-en-di'cumAl-al-ccaB.''»-
Am-an-ti'ui3 Anvmi-a'aus
the accent or position of it.
Thus, if it immediately
precedes the accent as in
JKzcus, or with the accent
A-ge'nor nae
Ag-e-norl- A-lalia7
des Al-a-ma'nes
Ag-e-ri'nus Al-a-mor/ni
Ag-e-san'der or Al-e-
i • Meiiians. — ^There af»
no words more frequently
mispronouncexl by a mere
English scholar than those
.* Am'iacm
| ArMar/a-cus Am-nM/ni-a-
A-maKiU.* Am-mo/iM-i-3
i A-mar't>« Am-oruKni-iu
Ani-bry/iii Arn-ir-
on it, before a single con-
A-ge'si-a» 10 man'ni
of this termination. By
Ain-ar-yu'ee- Am'ni-as
sonant, in a word of two
Ag-es-i-la'us A-la'ni
such a one we sometimes
us 5 A«r-ai'su8 3
syllables, it is long, as in
Mgfl ; before two conso-
Ag-e-sip'o-lis AI'a-re»
Ag-e-sis'tra- Al-a-ri'cus
hear M«inoim and . )
u.i pronouncecl in
Am-at-yil'- Am-ce-bae'uB5
tlu» Am-ino-m*!-
nants it is short, as in j&g-
Ie.i ; or before ona ouly, if
the accent be on the ante-
penultimate, as Mroptu.
For the exceptions to this
Ag-e-sis'tra- Al-a-ro'tii-i-^t
tus A-las'tor
Ag-gjsam'raes Al'a-zou
Ag-gri'njE Al'baSyl'vi-
svllabJcs, a* if written Al-
ci-nmur, and An-ti-nanz,
rhyming with aotoa; but
clakiical pronunciation re-
(|i:ir'.'s that these ruwefcj
A'lnajf tiw
A-oWsi-a U> A'moa 1
Am-a-se'Q«a A-mor'ges
A-ma.'sis A-rnor'aos
rule, see Rule 22.
* One of the generals
Agi-dje us
Ag-i-Fa-'us Al-ba'ni-a
should form diotinct sylia-
bles.
A-mas'trus A m-pe-iuKsr-a
A-ma'ta Am-phe'a ~
of Valenlinian the third,
A'gis Al-ba'nus.
t Ateiitx Crsmpttf.
Am-a-the'a Am-phi-a-la-
which, Labbe tells us,
ought properly to be writ-
ten Aetiui ; that is, with-
out the diphthong. We
Ag-lal-a Al-bi'ci3, 4
Ag-lay'a Al-bi-e'tiK 4
Ag-la-o-ni'ce Al-bi'ui3
Ag-Ja'o-pe Al-bi-uo-va'-
Lest i'roBi this Hying atoed
unrein'd (as once
ndJerophon, though from
a lower cirme)
Am'a-thns us
A-«iax-am- Ara-phi'a-
pe'ns nax
A-max'i-a Am-plii-a-ra'-
may observe, that as this
\vord comes from the
Ag-la-o-plise'- nu»
na Al-bin-te-
Uisinounted, oa. th' Alct an
JieM 1 fall,
A-iuaa'L-ta. us
Am-a-ze'nes AuBrphi-ai'i-
Greek, but is latinized, it
is pronounced with the t
Ag-la'o-phon me'li-um
Ag-la-os the- Al-bi'n.us
Ervonrous there to wandar,
and forlont
A-ma/e-nes des
yt/n'«-a<n» Am-phic'ra-
like .s/i, as if written JEshi-
tw; but the preceding word
JEtion, being pure dreek,
does not conform to this
analogy. SeeHuJe the 1 1th
nes Al'bi-on
Ag-lau'ros Ai'bi-us
Ag-la'us Al'bu-cil'la
Ag'na Ai'bu-la
Ag'no Al-bu'ne-a
Stiltarit Par. Ln.it, 1).
vii. v. 17.
$ Alexander. — Thiswoid
is M frequently pronounced
with the accenton thefirst
(Eng.) tes
Am-a-zoa'i- Am-phic'ty-
(h s on 1 1
Anva-ZiYni-a Ana-phic-le7*
Aia-a-zo'ai- Am-phid'a-
and 2Dth.
Ag-uod'i-ce Al-bur'mw
as on Uie third .-y liable.
um muj
ANC
ANS
10
API
ABC
A'n-vhi-dro'- An-a-char'iis
An-co'nn An-drom'a-
An-ta>-a An-ti-pat'n-
A-pHri-us ?•» A-quil'li a
nii-a An-a'ci-uiTi 10
An'cus Mar'- das
An-toe'as das
A-pol-li-na'- Aq ui-Io
Am-phi-ge'- A-nac're-on,
ti-us An-drem'e-da
An-tse'us An-tip'a-tris
res Aq-ui-lo'ni-a
ni-a, or or A-na'cro-
An-cy'le An'drcn
An-tag'o-ras An-tiph'a-nes
A-pol-li-na'- A-quin'i-us
• Am-phi- on «
ge-m'a *U An-ac-to ri-a
An-cy'ra; •An-dro-ni'-
An'da cus 28
An-tarci-das An-tiph'a-tes
An-tan'der An-tiph'i-lus
ris A-qui-num
Ap-ol-ml-desAq-ui-ta'ni-a
Am-phil'o- An-ac-to'ri-
An-dab'a-ta; An-droph'a-
An-tan'dros An'ti-phon
A-pol'li-nis A'rn 17
chus urn
Am-phil'y- + An-a-dy-
An-<la'ni-a gi 3
An-de-ca'vi-aAn-dro-pom'-
An-ter-bro'gi-An-t i ph'o-nus
us An'ti-phus
A-pol'lo Ar-a-bar'-
Ap-ol-loc'ra- ches
tus om'e-ne
An'des pus
An-tel-us An-ti-poe'-
tes A-ra'bi-a
Am-phim'a- A-nafr"di-a
An-doc'i-des An-dros
An-tem'nas nus o
A-pol-lo-do'- A-rab'i-cut
chuj? An-a-gy-ron'-
An-dom'a-tis An-dros'the-
An-te'nor An-tip'o-lis
rus Ar'a-bis
Arn-phim'e- turn
An-drae'mon nes
An-te-nor'i- An-tis'sa
Ap-po-lo'ni-aAr'abs
<lon An-a-i'tis
An-dra-ga'- An-dro'tri-on
des An-tis'the-
Ap-ol-lo'ni-asAr'a-bus
Am-phiu'o- An'a-phe
thi-us An-e-lon'tis
An'te-ros nes
A-pol-lo'ni-a-A-rac'ca, 01
me An-a-phlys'-
An-drag'a- An-e-ras'tus
An-the'a An-tis'ti-us
des A-rec'ca
Am-pV.n'o- tus
thus An-e-mo'li-a
An-the'as An-tith'e-us
Ap-ol-lonl- A-rach'ne
mus A'na-pus
An-drag'o- An-e-mo'sa
An-the'don An'ti-um 10
des Ar-a-cho'si-a
Am-phi'on J-SA-nar'tes
Am-phip'o- A'nasl
ras An-fin'o-mus
An-dram'y- An-ge'li-a
An-the'la An'tom-e-nes
An'the-mis An-to'ni-a
Ap-ol-lo'ni-usAr-a-cho'ta?
Ap-ol-loph'a- Ar-a-cho'ti
les An'cho-ra
tes An-ge'li-on
An'the-mon An-to'ni-i 3, 4
nes A-rac/thi-as
Am-pl:ip'o- A-nat'o-le
lis A-nau'chi-
An-dre'as An'ge-lus
An'drew, An-gi'tes
An'the-mus An-to-ni'na
An-the-mu'- An-to-pi'nus
A-po-my-i'os Ar-acil'lum
A-po-ni-a'na "Ar-a-co'si-i 4
Am-phip'y- das 1*
ros A-nau'rus
(En£.) An'grus «.
An'dri-clus Ac-gu-itVa,
si-a 10 An-to-ni-op'-
An-the'ne o-lis
A-po'ni-us, MAr-a-cyn'-
Ap'o-nus thus 4
Am-phi-re'- A'nax 1
An'dri-on ", 2*
An-ther'mus An-to'ni-
Ap-os-tro'- Ar'a-dus
tus An-ax-ag'o-
An-dris'cus A'ni-a 7
An'thes us, M.
phi-a A'riBl7
Im-phir'o-e ras
An-drolii-us An-i-ce'tus
An-thes-pho'-An-tor'i-des
*A-poth-e-o'-A'rar 17
Ani'phis An-ax-an'der
An-dro-c!e'a A-nic'i-a 10
ri-a A-nuT>is
sis Ar'a-ms
Am-phis-baj'-A n-ax-an'dri-
An'dro-cles A-nic'i-um 24
An-thes-te*- An'xi-us
Ap-o-the'o-sis Ar-a-thyr'e-a
na des
An-dro-cli'- A-nic'i-us
ri-a Ar.'xur
Ap-pi'a Vi'a A-ra'tus
Am-phis'sa An-ax-ar"-
des Gal'lus
An'the-us An'y-ta
Ap-pi'a-des A-rr^x'es
Am-phis-se'- chus 12
An-dro'clus An'i-grus
An-thi'a An'y-tus
Ap-pi-a'nus Ar-ba'cts, or
ne An-ax-ar'e-te
An-dro-cy7- A'ni-o, and
An-thi'as An-za'be 8
Ap'pi-i Fo- fAr'ba-ces
Am-phis'sus An-ax-e'nor
des A'ni-en
An'thi-um A'ob-ri-ga
rum Ar-bela
Ant-phis' the-An-ax'i-as 10
An-drod'a- An-i-tor'gis
An'thi-us A-ol'ii-us
Ap'pi-us JAr'be-la
nes An-ax-ib'i-a
mus A'ni-us
An'tho A'on
An pu-la A r'bis
Ara-phis-ti' An-ax-ic'ra-
An-dro'ge-os An'na
An-tho'res A'o-nes
A'pri-es Ar-bo-cala .
des tes
An-dro'ge-us An-ni-a'nus
An-thra'ci-a A-o'ris
A'pri-us Ar-bus'cu-Ja
Am-phis'tra- A-nax-id'a-
An-drogVnasAti'ni-bal
10 A-or'nos
Ap-sin'thi-i 4Ar-ca'di-a
tus mus
An-drom a- An'ni-bi 3, 4
An-thro-pi'- A-o'ti
Ap'si-nus Ar-ca'di-us
Am-phit'e-a A-nax'i-las
che An-nic'e-ris*4
nus A-pa'i-tae
Ap'te-ra 20 Ar-ca'nunj
Am-phith'e- A-nax-i-la'us
An-drom-a- An'non
An-thro- A-pa'ma 7
Ap-u-le'i-a Ar'cas
mis An-ax-il'i-des
chi'da? An-o-pa?'a
poph'a-gi A-pa'me 8
Ap-u-le'i-us Ar'ce-na
A»-phith'o-eAn-ax-i-man'
An-drom'a- An'ser
An-thyl-la Ap-a-me'a
A-pull-a Ar'cens
Am-phi-tri'- der
chus An-si-ba'ri-a
An-ti-a-ni'ra Ap-a-mi'a
Ap-u-sid'a- Ar-cessi-la'ui
te >* An-ax-im'e-
An'ti-as 10 A-par'ni
mus Ar-ce'si-us 10
im'phit-ry- nes
An-ti-cle'a Ap-a-tu'ri-a
A-qua'ri-us Ar-chae'a
on An-ax-ip'o-lis
Am'phi-tus An-ax-ip'pus
Am-phot'e- An-ax-irTio-e
rus A-jiax'is
* Andronicun. — This
word is uniformly pro-
nounced by our prosodists
with the penultimate ac-
An'ti-cles Ap-e-au'ros
An-ti-cli'des A pe'la
An-tic'ra-gus A-pel'les
An-tic'ra-tes A-pel'li-ron
Aq-ui-la'ri-a Ar-cha;'a-nax
Aq-ui-le'i-a Ar-cha>afi-
A-quil'i-us das
Am-phot-ry- A-nax'o
cent : and yetsoaverseisan
An-ticV-ra Ap-en-ni'nus
o-ni'a-des An-cac'us
A;n-phry'sus An-ca-li'tes
Amp-sa-ga An-ca'ri-us
English ear to placing the
accent on the penultimate
»', that by all English scho-
An-tid'o-tus A per
An-tid'o- Ap-e-ro'pi-a
mus Ap'e-sus
* Apotheosis.— When we
are reading Latin or Greek,
this word ought to have
Am-pys'i-desAn-cha'ri-a 7
Am'pyx An-<-ha'ri-us
A m'sic'tus An-chem'o-
A-mu'li-us lus
A-myc'la An-che-si'tes
lars we hear it placed upon
the antepenultimate sylla-
ble. That this was the pro-
nunciation of this word in
QueenElizabeth's time, ap-
An-tig'e-nes Aph'a-ca
An-ti-genl- A-phas'a
das A'phar
An-tig'o-na Aph-a-rc/tus
An-tig'o-ne Aph-a-re'us
the accent on the penulti-
mate syllable ; but in pro-
nouncing in English we
should accent the antepen-
ultimate :
A-myc'lne An-chrs'mus
Am'y-cus Au-chi'a-la
Am'y-don An-chi'a-le
pears plainly from the tra-
gedy of Titu» Androninti,
said to be written by Shak-
An-ti-go'ni-a A phas 1
An-tic'o-nus A-phellas
An-tit'co Aph'e-sas
Allots the prince of his
celestial line
\m.y-mo'ne An-chi'a-)us
A-myn'tas An-chi-mo'-
speare : in which we every
where find the antepenul-
An-ti-lib'a- Aph'e-tae
nus Aph'i-das *
An Apothc'ogis and rights
divine. Garth.
A-myn-ti-a'- li-us
timate pronunciation a-
An-til'o-chus A-phid'na
nus An-chin'o-e
A-my'ris An-chi'ses
dopted. It may indeed be
questioned, whether Shnk-
An-tim'a- A-phid'nus
chus Aph-ce-be-tus
t Arbacei. — Lempriere,
Gould'iian, Gesner, and
A-myn'tor An-chis'i-a 11
speare's learning extended
An-tim'e-nes A-phri'ces l
Littleton, accent this word
A-myr'i-us An-cla-si'a-
to a knowledge of the
An-ti-noe'i-a SAph-ro-dis'-
on t!ie first syKable, but
Am'y-rus des
A-mys'tis An'cho-e
^ Am-y-tha'on An-chu'rus
Am-y'tis An-ci'le
quantity of this Graeco-
Latin word; but, as Mr.
Steevens has justly ob-
served, there is a greater
An-ti-nop'o- i-a
lis Aph-ro-di'-
An-tln'o-us sum 1
An-ti-o'chi-a, Aph-ro-di'te 8
Ainsworth and Holyoke on
the second ; and this is so
much more agreeable to an
English ear, that I should
An'a-ces An'con
number of classical allu-
or *An-ti-o A-ph/te 8
prefer it, though 1 have,
• Amphieenia. See Iph-
sions in this play than are
scattered over all the rest
chi'a 29 A'pi-a l, 4, 7
An'ti-och A-pi-a'nus
out of respect to authori-
ties, inserted the other,
tt-enia and Rule 30, pre-
of the performances on
(Eng.) Ap-i-ca'ta
that the reader may
fixed to this vocabulary.
which the seal of Shak-
An-ti'o-chis A-picl-us **
choose which he pleases.
•t This epithet from the
speare is indubitably fixed ;
An-ti'o-chus A-pid'a-nus
Labbe has not got this
Greek i>o>>vu emergent,
and therefore it may be
An-ti'o-pe 8 Ap'i-na
, °
word.
signifying rising out of the
wa'.er, is applied to the pic-
presumed that the author
could not be ignorant of
An-ti-o'rus A-pi'o-la
An-tip'a-ter A'pi-on I
$ Arbela, the city of As-
syria, where the decisive
ture of Venus isinc out f
the Greek and Latin pro-
An-ti-pa'tri-aA'pis
battle was fought between
the sea, as originally paint-
nunciation of this word,
Alexander and Darius, and
ed by Apt! es. 1 doubt
but followed the received
the city in Palestine of that
not that some, who only
English pronunciation of
.* Antiochia. — For words
name, have the accent on
her.r this word without see-
his time ; and which by all
of this termination, see
the penultimate: but Ar-
ing it written, suppose it to
but professed scholars is
Iphigenia, and No. 30 of
bela, a town in -Sicily, has
mean Anno Dnmini, the
still continued.— See Saph-
the Rules prefixed to this
the-accent on the antepen
year of our Lord.
ronicuf.
Vocabulary.
ultimate syllable.
A KG
ARM
11
ASC
ATB
\rch-a;;'a- Arc-tu'rus
Ar'gi-lus Ar-is-tar'che
Ar-me'ni-a Ar-tax'i-as
As-cle-ta'ri- As'ty-Iu*
thus Ar'da-Ius
Ar-g'.-nu'sas Ar-is-tar'chus
A r-men-ta'ri-A r-ta-yc'tes
on As-tym-e-
\r-chaiiMer Ar-da'ni-a
Ar-gi'o-pe Ar-is-^a-za'-
us Ar-ta-yn'ta
As'clus du'sa
Ar-< han'dros Ar-ilax-a'nus
Ar-gi-pnon'- nes
Ar-mil-la't>:s Ar-ta-yn'tes
As-co'li-a As-tyn'o-me
Ar'c'ir I* Ar'de-a
tes A-ris'te-?.s
Ar-mi-lus'ti i-Ar-tem-ba'res
As-co'rii-us As-tyn'o-mi
Ar-cheg'e-tes Ar-de-a'tes
v i Ar-de-ric'ca
Ar-gip'pe-i 3 A-ris'te-ra:
Ar-gi va A-ris'te-us
um Ar-tem-i-do'-
Ar-min'i-us rus
La'be-o As-tyn'o-us
As'cra As-ty'o-che
Ar-che-la'us Ar-di-;c'i •'
Ar-gi'vi 3 A-ris'the-ncs
Ar-mor'i-ca: |Ar'te-mis
Af'cu-lum As-ty-o-chi'a
Ar-c'i.-m'a- Ar-done-a
*Ar'ffives A-ris'thus
Ar'ne 8 Ar-te-mis'i-a
As'dru-bal 30
chus Ar-du-en'na
(Eng.) Ar-is-ti'bus
Ar-niS 11
A-sel'li-o As-tv-pa-lic'a
Ar-chem'o- Ar-du-i'ne
Ar'gi-us Ar-is-ti'des
Ar-no'bi-us Ar-te-mis'-
A'si-a 10 11 As-tynh'i-lus
rus Ar-dy-en'scs
Ar'go Ar-is-tip'pus
Ar'nus i-um
A-si-at'i-cus As-ty'ron
Ar-chep'o-'is ArMys
Ar-gol'i-cus A-ris'ti-us
Ar'o-a $Ar-te-mi'ta
A-si'las As'y-chis
Ar-chep-tol'- A-re-ac'i-dae
Ar'go Us A-ris'ton
A r'o-ma Ar'tc-mon
As-i-na'ri-a A-s/las
e-mus A-re'a
Ar'gon Ar-is-to-bu'la
Ar'pa-ni Arth'mi-us
As-i-na'ri-us As-syl'lus
Ar-ches'tra- A're-as
Ar-go-nau'UE Ar-is-to-bu'-
Ar'pi 3 Ar-te'na
As'i-na A-tab'u-lus
tus A-reg'o-nis
Ar-go'us lus
Ar-pi'num Ar-tin;'pa-sa
As'i-ne At-a-by'r;s
Ar-che-ti'- Ar-c-la'tum
Ar'gus Ar-is-to-cle'a
Ar-ra;'i 3 Ar-to-bar-za'-
As'i-nes At-a-bv-ri'teS
mus A-relli-u*
Ar-gyn'nis A-ris'to-cles
Ar-rah-ba/us nes
A-sin'i-us At'a-ce8
Ar-che'ti- Ar-e-mor'i-ca
Ar'gy-ra Ar-is-to-cli'-
Ar'-ri-a Ar-toch'mes
Gal'lus At-a-lan'ta
us 10 A're
Ar-gy-ras'pi- des
Ar-ri-a'nus Ar-to'na
A'si-us 1 1 At-a-r;>n'tes
Ar'chi-a A-re'te
des Ar-ivtoc'ra-
Ar'ri-us Ar-ton'tes
As-na'us A-tar'be-chis
Ar'chi-as A-ren'a-cum
Ar'gy-re tes
A'ri-us Ar-to'ni-us
A-so'phis 11
Ar-chi-bi'a- Ar-e-op-a-gi'-
des 4 ta;
Ar-gyr'i-pa Ar-is-to'cre-
A'ri-a on
Ar-ruu'ti-us Ar-tox'a-res
10 Ar-tu'ri-us
A-so'pi-a A-taKga-tis
As-o-pi'a-des A-tar'ne-a
Ar-i-hib'i-us i \r-e-op'a-
A-ri-ad'ne Ar-is-toc'ri-
Ar-sa'lies Ar-ty'ncs
A-so'pis A'tas and
Ar-chi-da'mi- gas
A-ri-ae'us tus
*Ar-sa'ces. orAr-;yr.'-a
A-so'pus A'thas
a U9 A-r- s'tae
A-ri-a'ni, or A-ris-to-du'-
Ar'sa-ces Ar-tys'to-na
As-pam'i- A'tax
*Ar-chi-da'- A-r<>s'tha-nas
A-ri-e'ni mus
Ar-iac'i-da^ Ar'u-a;
thres A'te 8
mus, or A-res-tor'i-
A-ri an'tas Ar-is-tog'e-
Ar-sam'e-nes A-ru'ci
As-pa-ra'gi- A-tel'la
Ar-clud'-a- des
A-ri-am'nes nes
Ar-sam'e-tes Ar-va'les
um At'e-na
mus A're-ta
ArYhi-tlas A '•-e-ta;'us
A-ri-a-r.-.'thes Ar-is-to-gi'-
Ar-ib-bcc'us a ton
Ar-sam-o-sa'-A-ru'e-ris
ta Ar-ver'ni
As-pa'si-a 1 1 At-e-no-ma'-
Ar-ohi-de'- Ar-e-taph'i-la
mus Ar-e-ta'les
A-iic'i-a'^l Ar-is-to-la'us
Ar-i ci'na Ar-is-tom'a-
Ar-sa'nes Ar-vir'a-gus
Ar-sa'ni-as Ar-vi'si-um
As-pas'tes Ath-a-ma'ne»
As-pa-tlii'nes Ath'a-mas
Ar-chi-de'us A-re'te
Ar-i-da/us che
Ar-se'na Ar-vi'sus
As-pin'(!us Ath-a-man-
Ar-chid'i-um A-re'tes
A-ri-e'nis Ar-is-tom'a-
Aiyses A'runs 1
As'pis ti'a-des
Ar-chi-gal'- Ar-e-thu-sa
Ar-i-g.T'um chus
Ar'si-a A-run'ti-us to
As-ple'don Ath-a-na'si-
his Ar-e-ti'num
Ar-chiq'e-nesAr'e-tus
A-ri'i 4 Ar-is-to-me'-
Ar'i-ma des
Ar-si-<la?'us Ar-u-pi'nus
Ar-sin'o-e Arx'a-ta '
As-jK)-re'nus'* us 10
As'sa Ath'a-nis
Ar-chil'o-eus A're-us
Ar-i-mas'pi 3Ar-is-tom'e-
Ar-u-ba'iuis Ar-y-aii'des
As-sa-bi'nus A'the-as
Aa-chi-me'- Ar-gae'us
Ar-i-mas'pi- nes
Ar-la-ba'zus Ar'y-bas
As-sar'a-cus A-thc-'na
des Ar'ga-lus
as A-ris-to-nau'-
Ar'ta-bri 3 Ar-yp-tae'us
As-se-ri'ni 3 A-the'nseS
Ar-chi'nus Ar-gath'o-na
Ar-i-mas'tha; tse
Ar-ta-bri'tae A-san'der
As'^so-rus Ath-e-nae'a
Ar-chi-pel'- Ar-ga-tho'ni-
Ar-i-ma'zes A r-is-to-ni'-
Ar-ta cic'as As-ba-me'a
As'sos Ath-e-nac'um
Ar'i-mi 3 cus
Ar-ta-ras'na As-bes'tas
As-syrf-a A th-e-na-'us
\r-cii ip'o-li« Ar'ge 9
A-rim'i-num A-ris'to-nus
Ar'ta-ce As'bo-lus
As'ta Ath-e-nag'o«
Ar-chip'pe Ar-ge'a •
A-rim'i-nus Ar-is-ton'i-
Ar-ta-ce'ne Ai-bys'ta;
As-ta-cce'ni5 r.'s
Ar-chip'pus Ar-ge-a'tha;
Ar-rhi tis Ar-gen'num
A.r-im-phe1 des
Ar'i-mus A-ris-ton'y-
Ar-ta'ii-a As-ca'la-phus
Ar-ta/i 3 As'ca-lon
As'ta-cus Alh-e'na-is
As'ta-pa A-the'ni-on
Ar'chon Ar'ges
A-ri-o-bar- mus
Ar-tag'e-ras As-ca'ni-a
As'ta-pus A-then'o-c!es
Ar-c'ion'tes Ar-ges'tra-tus
za'nes Ar-is-toph'a-
Ar-ta-ger'ses As-ca'ni-us
As-tar'te 8 Ath-en-o-do'-
Ar'chy'lusG Ar-ge'us
A-ri-o-man'- nes
Ar-ta'nes As-ci'i 3
As'ter rus
Ar'ciiy-tas Ar'gi », 3
des A-ris-to-phi-
Ar-ia-pher"- As-cle'pi-a
As-te'ri-a A'the-os
Arc-ti'nus Ar-gi'a
A-ri-o-mar- li'des
nes As-cle-pi'a-
As-te'ri-on Alh'e-sis
Arc-toph'y- Ai^gi-as
dus A-ris'to-
Ar-ta'tus des
As-te'ri-us A'thos 1
}-.•* Ar-gi-le'tum
Arc'tos Ar-gil'i-us
A-ri-o-me'des phon
A-ri'on 28 A-ris'tor
Ar-ta-vas'des As-cle-pi-o-
Ar-tax'a do'rus
As-te-ro'di-a Ath-rul'la
As-ter'o-pe A-thym'bra
Arc-to'us Ar-gil'lus
A-ri-o-vis'tus Ar-is-tor'i-t!es
Ar-tax'i-as As-cle-pi-o-
As-te-ro p_e-a A-ti'a n
'•!! Av-is-tot'e-les
Ar-tnx'a-ta do'tus
As-ter-o-pa1'- A-til'i-a
* Archiilanins, — Ains-
A'ris Ar'i.f-to-tle
A'ris-ba (Eng.)
Ar-ta-xerx'es As-cle'pt-us
us A-til'i-us
As-ter-u'si-usA-til'la
worth , Gouldman, Little-
Ar-is-Uen'e- Ar-is-to-ti'-
H A-ti'ua
ton, and Holyoke, place
the accent on the antepen-
ultimate syllable of this
word, but 'Lempriere and
Libbe on ttie penultimate.
I have followed Lempriere
and Labbe, though, in my
tus mus
Ar-is-tas'um Ar-is-tox'e-
Ar-is-tas'us nus
Ar-is-tag'o- A-ris'tus
ras Ar-is-tyl'lus
Ar-is-t."n'der A'ri-us
Ar-is-tan'drosAr'ine-nes
» Arsaces. — Gouldman,
Leinpriere, Holyoke, and
Labbe, accent this word on
the first syllable, and un-
questionably not without
classical authority; but
Ainsworth, and a still
As-tin'o-me A-ti'nas
As-ti'o-chus A-tin'i-a
As'to>-mi 3 At-lan'tes
As-tra''a At-lan-ti'a-
As-trae'us . des
As'tu At-lan'ti-des
As'tur Atlas
opini'in, wrong: for as
every word of this termina-
tioV-M-i the antepcnulti-
greater authority, general
usage, have, in my opinion,
determined the accent of
As'tu-ra A-tos'sa
As'tu-res At'ra-ces
As-ty'a-ge At-ra-myt'ti-
• Ai-pives. — I have ob-
, ?nt, as I'oli/rtamns,
served a strong propensity
this word on the second
As-ty'a-ges um
Tln'ii'l tinai, & . 1 know
in schoolboys to pro-
syllable.
As-ty'a-lus At'ra-pes
not why this. should bedif-
nounce the/f in these words
•f Artemis, —
As-ty'a-nax A'trax l
forent. Though Labbe
hard, as in the English
As-ty-cr-a'tia A-tre-ba't.-c
tells us, that the learned are
of his opinion.
word ffioe. This is un-
doubtedly because the:r
The sisters to Apollo tune
t heir voice,
10 *At-re-ba'te$
As-tyd'a-mas At-re'ni
t Aiv-npafctis.— -Labba
masters do so ; and they will
And Artemis to tbcewhom
As-ty-da-mi'- At're-us
tells in, th:it the pen ult i-
t-.-ll us, that the Greek gam-
darts rejoi',«.
a 30 A-tri'das
-v',Hb f- of tills word
r.:.t should always be pro
Cuohe's Hesiod, Them*.
H h "yond all controversy
noiinced hard in words
v.. 17.
short", — quidquid nonnulii
from tlvit language. What,
* Atrebates. — Ainsworth
in t.Tit i IIK'C etiamnumcae-
:...!, ir.ust we alter that
t Artemita. — Ainsworth
accents this word on the
i t. So ne of these
lo-i;; catalogue of words
places the accent on the an-
antepenultimate svlifiblo;
h'ind T.en are Gouldman,
wlit-re this letter occurs, as
tepenultimate syllable of
but Lemprifre, GouMiiian,
I! i'y>k", an 1 Littleton; —
n UetifsiK, genius, l)io-
this word ; but Lemprierr,
Holyoke, and Labbe, on
but Lemprifre and \ins-
Kj!/i,tu.i, 3iC. ? —
GouUlman, and Holyoke,
the penultimate; and thi«
ivorth, the b->st authorities.
The question ansv,-ers it-
more correctly, in my opi-
is, in my opinion, the bet-
Hijvee with Labbe.
S3lf.
nion, on the penultimate.
ter pronunciation.
29*
BAG
A-tri'de» Au-!o'ni-us
A-tro'ni-us Au'lui
At-ro-pa-te'- Au'ras
ne Au-re'li-a
At-ro-pa'ti-a Au-te-li-a'-
11 nus
At'ro-posl9 Au-re'li-an
At'ta (En».)
At-ta^-a Au-re'li-us
At'ta-lus Au-re'o-lus
At-tar'ras Au-ri'go
At-te'i-us Au-rin'i-a
Cap'i-to Au-ro'ra
At'tes Au-run'ce 3
At'this An-run-cu-
At'li-ca le'i-us
At'ti-cus Aus-chi'sa»12
At-ti-da'te» Aus'ci 3
At'ti-la Au'ser
At-til'i-us Au'se-ris
At-ti'nas Au'ses
Arti-us Pe- Au'son
lig'nus Au-sc^m-a
At-u-at'i-ci * Au-so"ni-us
A'tu-bi 3 Au'spi-ce»
A-ty'a-da Aus'ter
A'tys l Aus-te'si-on
Av-a-ri'cum Au-to-buHus,
A-vella orAt-a-bu'-
Av-en-ti'nus lus
A-ver'nus or Au-ta-ni'tis
A-vei'iu Au-toch'tho-
A-ves'ta nes
Au-fe'i-a-a'- Au'to-cles
qua Au-toc'ra-
Au-fi-de'na tes
Au-fid'i-a Au-to-cre'neS
Au-fid'i-us Au-tol'o-lae
Au'fi-dus Au-tol'y-cus
Au'gn, and Au-tom'a-te
Au'ge Au-tom'e-
Au-gea don
Au'ga-nis Au-to-me-
Au'ge-se du'sa
Au'gi-as, andAu-tom'e-nes
Au'ge-as Au-toin^o-li
Au'gi-lie Au-ton'o-e
Au-gi'nus Au-toph-ra-
Au'gu-res da'tes
Au-gus'ta Au-xe'si-a 1 1
Au-gus-ta'li- Ax'e-aus
a Ax-i'o-chus
Au-gus-ti'nusAx-i'on 29
Ati-sruftin Ax-i-o-ni'cus
(Eng.) 30
Au-gus'tu-lusAx-i-o'te-a
Au-gus'tus Ax-i-o'the-a
A-vid-i-e'nus Ax'i-\is
A-vid'i-us Ax'ur, and
Cas'si-us An'xur
Av-i-e'nus Ax'us
A'vi-um A'zan 1
Au-lre'tes A-zi'ris
Au-letes Az'o-nax
Au'iis . A-zo'rusll
Au'lon A-zo'tua
B
BA-BM.'I-US Ba'cis
Bab'i-lus Bac/tra
Bab'y-lon Bac'tri, and
Bab-y-lo'ni-a Bac-tri-a'-
Bab-y-lo'ni-fl ni *
Ba-byr'sa Bac-tri-a'na
Ba-byt'a-ce Bac'tros
Bac-a-ba'su» Bad'a-ca
Bac'chae Ba'di-a
Bac-cha-na'- Ba'di-us
li-a Bad-u-hen'-
Bac-chan'tes n»
Bac-chi 3 BtBl)i-us, M.
Bac-clii'a-dse Bz'tis
Bac'chi-des Bte'ton
Bnc'chis Fa-gis'ta-me
Bac'chi-um Pa-gis'ta-nes
U.ic'chi-us Ba-go'as, and
Bar'chus Ba-go'sas
Bac-chyl'i- Bag-o-da'res
des Ba-goph'a-
Da-ce'nis ne*
BEN
12
BHE
Bae'rn-da Bas-tar'nse
Ben'dis Bo'*, and
Ba^-a: and Bas-
Ben-e-ven'- Bo'e-a
Ba'la ter'naj
turn Bo-a'eri-us
Ba-la'crus Bas'tia
Ben-the-sic'- Bo-ca'li-as
Bal-a-na'grse Ba'ta
Ba-la'nus Ba-ta'vl
y-me Boc'car
Be-pol-i-ta'- Boc'cho-ri*
Ba-la'ri Ba'thos
nus Boc'chus
Bal-hil'lus Bath'y-cles
Ber'bi-cse Bo-du'ni
Bal-bi'nus Ba-thyl'hts
Ber-e-cyn'- Bo-du-ag-
BalTjus Bat-i-a'tus
thi-a na'tus
Bal-e-a'res Ba'ti-a H
Ber-e-ni'ce Bce-be'is
Ba-Ie'tus Ba-ti'na, and
30 BceTji-a
Ba'li-us Ban-ti'na
Ber-e-ni'cis Bo-e-dro'mi-
Ba-lis'ta Ba'tis
Ber'gi-on a
Hal-lon'o-ti 3 Ba'to
Bal-ven'ti-us Ba'ton
Ber-gis'te-ni Bce-o-tar'chz
Be'ns, and Boe-o'ti-a
10 Bat-ra-cho-
Ba'ris Bce-o'tus
Bal'y-ras my-o-
Ber'mi-us Bce-or-o-bis'-
Bam-u-ru'a? mach'i-a
Be/o-e tas
Ban'ti-a; * Bat-ti'a-des
Be-rct'a Bo-e'thi-u»
Ban'ti-us, L.Bat'ds
Ber-o-ni'ce 30Bo'e-tus
10 Bat'tus
Be-ro'sus Bo'e-us
Baph'v-rus 6 Bat'u-lum
Ber-rhoe'a Bo'ges
Bap'ta? Baf'u-lus
Be'sa Bo'gud
Ba-ra'i Ba-tyl'lus
Ke-sidl-a) Bo'gus
Bar'a-thrum Bau bo
Be-sip'po Bo'i-i 3
Bart)a-ri Bau'cis
Bes'si 3 Bo-Joc'a-lus
Bar-ba'ri-a Ba'vi-us
Bes'sus BoHa
Bar-bos'the- Bau'li 3
Bes'ti-a BolTae
nes Baz-a-en'tes
Be'tix Bol-bi-ti'-
Bar-byth'a- Ba-za'ri-a
Be-tu'ri-a num
ce BeT)i-Us
Bi'a Bol'gi-ua
Bar'ca Be-bri'a-cum
*Bi-a'nor Bo-h'na
Bar-ca/ior Beb'ry-ce6
Bi'as Bol-i-na/us
Bar-ci'tje Beb'ry-ces,
Bi-bac'u-lus Bo-lis'sus
Bar'ce and Be-
Bib'a-ga Bol-la'nus
Bar'cha bryc/i-i 4
Bib'li-a, and Bolus
Bar-dael Be-bryc/i-a
Bil'li-a Bom-i-en'ses
BaKdi Bel-e-mi'na *
Bib'lis Bo-mil'car
Bar-dyllis Bel-e-phan'-
Ba-re'a tes
Bib-li'na Bom-o-ni'cae
Biblus so
Ba're-as So- Bel'e-sis
Bi-brac'tae Bo-nc/ni-a
ra'nus Bel'ga;
Bib'u-lus Bo-no'si-us
Ba'res Bel'gi-ca
Ri'ces Bo-no' zhe-us
Bar-gu'si-i 3 Bel'gi-iim
Bi'con Bo-o-su'ra
Ba-nne Bel'gi-us
Bi-cor'ni-ger Bo-o'tes
Ba-ris'ses Bel'i-des.plu-
Bi-cor'nis Bo-o'tus, and
Ba'ri-um ral
Bi-for'mis Bce'o-tus
Bar'nu-us Be-li'des, *in-
Bi'frons Bo're-a
Bar-si'ne and giilar
BilTji-lis Bo-re'a-des
Bar-se'ne Be-!is'a-ma
Bi-ma'ter Bo're-as
Bar-za-en'tes Bel-i-sa'ri-us
Bin'gi-um Bo're-as'mi 3
Bar-za'nes Bel-is-ti'da
Bi'on Bo're-us
Bas-i-le'a fiel'i-tse
Bir'rhus Bor'ges
Bas-i-li'dae Bel-ler'o-
Bi-sal'ta» Bor-go'di
Bas-i-li'des phon
Bi-sal'tes Bor'nos
Ba-sil-i-o- *Bel-le'rus
Bi-sal'tis Bor-sip'p4
pot'a-mos Bel-li-e'nus
Bi-san'the Bo'rus
Bas'i-lis Bel-lo'na
Bis'ton Bo-rys'the-
Ba-sil'i-us31 Bel-Io-na'ri-i*
Bis'to^nis nes
Ba^i-lus Bel-lov'a-ci
Bas'sae Bel-lo-ve'sus
Bi'thus Bos'pho-rus
Bith'y-jc Bot'ti-a
Bas-sa'ni-a Be'lon
Bi-thyn'i-a Bot-ti-a/is
Bas-sa're-us Be'lus
Bit'i-as Bo-vi-a'num
Bas'sa-ris Be-na'cu»
Bi'ton Bo-viHa;
Bas'sus Au- Ben-e-did'i-
Bi-tu'i-tus Brach-ma'
fid'i-us um
Bi-tun'tum nes
Bi-tur'i-ges Brje'si-a
Bi-turt-cum Bran-chi'a-
* BellcrttSf— All our lexi-
Biz'i-a des
cographers unite in giving
this word the antepenulti-
mate accent; but Milton
Blae'na Bran'chi-dse
BIa?'si-i 4 Bran-chyl'li-
Bla/sus des
seems to have sanctioned
Blan-de-no'- Bra'si-s
the penultimate, as much
more agreeable to English
ears, in lus Lycidas —
na Bras'i-das
Blan-du'si-a Bras-i-de'i-a
Blas-to-phoe- Brau're
Or whether thou to our
moist vowg denv'd
Sleep'st by the fable of
ni ces Bran ron
Blem'mv-es Bren'ni, and
Ble-ni'na Breu'ni
Blit'i us 10 Bren'nus
Betlerus old.
Blu'ci-um 10 Bren'the
Though it must be ac-
Bo-a-dic'e-a Bres'cia
has in this word deserted
* liianor. — Lempriere ac-
the classical pronuncia-
cents this word on the first
tion, yet his authority is
syllable : but Labbe, Ains-
sufficient to make us ac-
worth, Gouldman, and
quiesce in his accentuation
Holyoke, on the second ;
in the above-mentioned
and "these agree with Vir-
passage.
gil, Eel. ix. v. 60.
C.B
Bret'ti-i 3 Bu-colT-cs
Bri-a're-uj Bu-col'i-cum
Bri'as Bu-o/li-on
Bri-gan'tes Bu'co-Ius
Bng-an-ti'- Bu'di-i 3
nus Bu-di'm
Bri'mo Bu-do'rura
Bri-sels liu'lis
Bri'ses Bul-Ia'ti-us I
Bri-se'us Bu'ne-a
Bri-tan'ni Bu'nus
Bri-tan'ni-a Bu'po-lus
Bri-tan'ni- Uu'pha-gus
cus 30 Bu-phoTii-a
Brit-o-mar'- Bu-pra'si-um
tis Bu'ra
Brit-o-ma'rus; u-ra'i-cus
•Brit'o-nes Bur'rhus
Brix-el'lum Bur'sa
Brix'i-a Bur'si-a
Bri'zo Bu'sse
Broc-u-be'lusBu-si'ris
Bro'mi-us Bu'ta
Bro'mus Bu'te-o
Bron'tes Bu'tes
Bron-ti'nus Bu-thro'tum
Bro'te-as Bu-thyr'e-ui
Bro'the-us Bu'toa
Bnic'te-ri 4 Bu'tos
Uru-mali-a Bu-torl-des
I run-du'si- Bu-tun'tum
um Bu'tus
Bru-tid'i-us Bu-zy'gps
Bru'ti-i » Byb-le'si-a,
Bru'tu-lus "and By-
Bru'tus bas'bi-a
Bry'as Byb'M-a
Bry-ax'is Byb'li-i I
Br/ce Byb'lis
BryVps Byl-li'o-ncs
Bry'gi 3, 5 Byr'rrtus
Bry'se-a Byr'sa
Bu-ba-ce'ne By-za'ci-um
Bu-ba'ces Byz-an-ti'a-
Bu'ba-ris "cus
Bu-bas-ti'a- By-zin'ti-uro
cus By'zis
BuT)a-sus By-ze'nUs
Buton By/p-re*
Bu-ceph'a-la Byz'i-a
Bu-ceph'a-
lus
CA-AN'THTS ra-dus'ri
Car/a-drs »i Cnd'v-tis
Cab'a-IesW O'n'
Ca-bnl'i-i 1 O'ci-rs IP
Cab-al-li'- Ca--ci 'i-a
num Ca-c-l-i-a'-
Cab-a-li'nus PUS
Ca-lrar'nos (\T-ri "ii I
Ca-bns'sus C';i r^-lu-i
Ca-bal'li-o •« Cavci 'i-us
C -bi'ra O-rV a
Ca-b.'ri 3 Tu-iV-is
Ca-bir'i-a Cnx'ii ' um
Ca-bu'ra / t.'ni'i;- u;
Cab'u-rus^O C;. -
('a'ca Cfp'1!^
("ach'a-!cs 20 Ca-li-rs
Ca'cus C;n- 'a -o
Ca-ru';!
C'a-ryp'ii-iis C.i Vf-t'S
Ca'di •> Op'i-'es
Cail-tne'a CSP i ;'na
Cad-nie'is Cn-'n s
rad'mus Cse iK-i'ro-jw
C.Vdin 7 Ca? p:-o
Ca-du'ce-us Ci-rn'tus
10 Ci-'re.orO'-
Ca-ttur'ci 3 res
* Britnne*.— ).?.b!)6 ttlis
us, that this wurd is some-
timrs pronouncef' vcit) tin-
perultiinate accent, but
more frequently with the
antepenultimate.
CAM
CAR
13
CEP
C'HA
Caer'e-si 3 Cal-lid'i-us
Cam pus ca'pys
Cai'thafe, cairni-ui
Ce-pnal'len Cer'-ti-ma
C;p'»ar Cal-lid'ro-
Mar'ti-us Ca'py? Syl'-
(Eng.) Cau'nus
Ceph-a-le'na Cer-to'ni-ur»
C.es-a-re'a mus
Cam-u-lo-gi'- vi-us
Car'tha-sis Cau'ros
Ceph-al-le/- Cer-va'ri-u»
C*e-sa'ri-on Cil-li-ije'tus
nus Car-a-bac'tra
Car-tei'a, 3 Cau'rus
ni-a Cer'y-cej 6,
Ca'-se'na Cal-lim'a-
Ca'na Car'a-Ws 20
syll. Ca'us
Ceph'a-lo 20
C.f-sen'ni-as chus '•'•*
Can'a-ce Car-a-calla
Car-vil'i-us Ca-y'ci 3, 9
Ceph-a-loef- Ce-rye/i-u*
Cavce'ti-usioCal lim'e-
Can'a-chel2 Ca-rac'a-tes
Ca'rus Ca-y'cus
dis 5 Cer-y-mi'ca
Ca?'si-a 10 don
Can'a chus Ca-rac'ta-cus
Ca'ry-a 6, 7 Ca-ys'ter
Ceph'a-lon Cer-ne'a
Cse'si-us 10 Cal-lim'e-des
Ca'nse Ca'raj
Car-y-a'tas Ce'a, or Ce'os
Ceph-a-lot'o- Ce-rynl-te*
Cae'so Cal-li'nus
Ca-na'ri-i * Ca-rae'us
Car-y-a'tis Ce'a-des
mi Ce-sel'li-u*
Cap-so'ni-a Cal-li'o-peS
Can'a-thus Car'a-lis
Ca-rys'ti-us Ceb-al-li'nus
Ceph-a-lu'di- Ce-senl-a
Cae-so'ni-us Cal-li-pa-ti'-
«Can'da-ce Cnr'a-nus 20
Ca-rys'tus Ceb-a-ren'ses
um Ces'ti-us 10
Capt'o-brix n-T"
Can-da'vi-a Ca-rau'si-us
Ca'ry-um Ce'bes
Ceph'a-lus Ces-tri'na
Ca?t'u-lum Cal'li-phon
(^an-dau'les 10
Cas'ca Ce'bren
Ce'phe-us Ces-tri'nus
Cae'yx Cal'li-phron
Can di'o-pe CarT>o
Cas-cel'li-us Ce-bre'ni-a
Ce-phe'nes Ce'tes
Ca-ea'co Cal-lip'i-d.-e
Ca-i-ci'nus Cal-lip'o-lis
^"a'nens Car-che'don
Can-e-pho'- 12
Cas-i-li'num Ce-bri'o-nes
Ca-si'na Ca- Cec'i-das
Ce-phis'i-a Ce-theVus
10, 20 Ce*ti-i f, 10
Ca-i'tus Cal'li-pus
ri-a Car-ci'nus
si'num Ce-cil'i-us
Ceph-i-si'a- Ce'ti-us 10
Ca-i-e'ta Cal-iip'y-ges
Can'e-thum Car-da'ces
Ca'si-us 10 Cec'i-na
des Ce'to
Ca'i-us, and Cal-lir'hiveS
Ca-nic'u-la'- Car-dam'y-le
Cas'me-nsE Ce-cin'na, A.
Ce-phis-i-do'-Ce'us and
Ca'i-a Cal-lis'.e
r^s-di'es Car'di-a
Cas-mil'la Ce-cro'pi-a
rus Ca;'us
Ca'i-us Cal-lis-te'i-a
Ca-nid'i-a Car-du'chil2,
Cas-pe'ri-a Ce-cro'pi-dae
Ce-phis'i-on Ce'yx
Cal'ab-er, Q. Cal-lis'the-
Ca-nid'i-us 3
Cas-per'u-la Ce'crops
lu Cha'bes
Ca-la'bri-a nes
Ca-nin-e-fa'- Ca'res
Caspi-a'na Cer-cyph'a-las
Ce-phis-od'o-*C.'he'a 12 '
Cal'a-brus Cal-lis'to
tes < 'ar'e-sa
Cas pi-i 4 Ced-re-a'tis
tus Cha-bi'nus
Cal-a-gur- Cal-lis-to-ni'-
Ca-nin'i-us Ca-res'sus
Cas'pi-um Ce'don
Ce-phi'sus Cha'bri-a
rit'a-ni cm
Ca-nis'ti-usi»CaT-fin'i-a
Ma're Ce-dru'si-i 3
Ce-phis'sus Cha'bri-as
Cal'a-is Cal-lis'tra-
C'a-lag'u-tis tus
(^a'ni-us (Ja'ria
Can'nje Ca'ri-as
Cas-san-da'neCeg'lu-sa
Cas-san'<ler Ce'i 3
Ce'phren Chab'ry-i§ 6
Ce'pi-o Cha;-an'i-tOB
Cal'a-mis20 Cal-!ix'e-na
Ca non'i-cum a-ri'a-te
Cas-san'dra Cel'a-don
Ce'pi-on Chae're-as
Cal-a-mi'sa Cal-lix'e-nus
Ca-no pus Ca'ri-na
Cas-san'dri-a Cel'a-dus
Cer'a-ca Chaer-e-de'-
Cal'a-mos Ca'lon
Can'ta-!ira ( 'a-ri'nat
Cas'si-a 10 Ce-lae'nas
Ce-rac'a-tes mus
Cal'a-mus 20 Ca'lor
(!an'ta-bri 3 Car'i-ne
Cas-si'o-pe Ce-lae'no
Ce-ram'bus Chse-re'mon
Ca-la'nus Cal'pe
Cal'a-on Cal-phnr'ni-a
Can-t-''bri-ap»'Ca-ri'nus
Can'tha-rus Ca-ris'sa-
Cas-si-o-pe'a1 Cel'e-oe 4
Cas-si-teri- Ce-le'i-a, and
Cer-a-mi'cus Chaer'e-phott
Ce-ro'mi-um Cha>res tra-
Cal'a-ris Cal-phur'ni-
2" num
des Ce'la
Ce-ra'mus 20 ta
Cal-a-tha'na us
Can'rhus Cn-ris'lurn
Cas-si-ve- Ce-le-la'tes
Ce'ras Chae-rin'thus
Ca-la'thi-on Ca'-pur'ni-a
Can'ti-um 10 Car-in J.'ni-a
lau'nus Ce-len'drae
Cer'a-sus Chae-rip'pus
Cal'a-thus Cal'vi a
Cm u-)e'i-a Car-ma'nor
Cas'si-us, C. Ce-lpn'dris
Cer'a-ta Chae'ro
CaKa-r.es 20 Cal-vi'na
Ca:i-n-le';-us Car'ine
to C"-len'de-ris
Ce-ra'tus Chas-ro'ni-a
Ca-la'ti-a Cal vis'i-tisl"
Ca-!iu' i-a I'ar-me'lus
Cas-so'tis C'e-1 -'ne-us
Ce-rau'ni-a Cha>ro-ne'a
Ca-la'ti-a? 10 Cal-u-sid'i-tis
(!a-'iu'*i-U:n Car-men'ta,
Cas-tab'a-la Ce-len'na Ce-
Ce-rau'ni-i * and Cher-
Ca-la'vi-i4 Cal-u'si-uml"
"' amtCar-
C.-'.s'ta-bus Ise'na
Ce-rau'nus ro-ne'a
Ca-la'vi-us Cil'y-bex
Ca-iui'si-iis men't s
Cas-ia'li-a Ce'ler
Ce-rau'si-us Cha-lse'on
Cal-'iii-re'a- Cal-y-"T!'-
C •-nu'!i-us H'Car-ineri-ta'-
Cas-t.''Ii-us Cel'e-res
10 Chal-c»'a
a.nd Cal- nus
C.ip'-i-n!'us, .'! les
Fons Cd'e-t um
Cer-be'ri-on Chal'ce-a
au-ri'a CaI'v-'-e ^
»vl. Car-men-ta'-
Cas-to'lus Ce'le-us
CerTje-rus Chal-ce'don,
<'al'I)is Ca-lyil'i-U'Ti
C.i-'p l'l;« lis
Cas-ta'ne-a C'^l'mus
Cer'ca-phus and Chal-
C : V" Ca-lyd'n.i
Ca-pp'na Car'mi-des ",
C s-ti-a-ni'raCc 'o-nae
Cer-ca-so'- co-do'ni-a
C il'rh >s C'al'v-'lon '•
Ca-pe'nas 21 1
Cas'' or and Cel'sus
rum Chal-ci-de/ne
Cal-che-;lo'- Cil-y-d >' 'i~
Ca-pe'ni 3 Car' a Car-
Hol'lux Cel'Ue
Cer-ce'is Ch t:-ci-den'-
ni -a Cal-y-do'ni-
• a'^er 'lin'p-a
Cas-tra'ti-us (Vl-ti be'ri
Cer-ce'ne ses
C i -chin' -A us
C;i-;)"'tus Car-na'si-ns
l" Cf'ti-ca
Cer-ces'tes Chal-cid'e-us
lv Ca- vn'ne
Ca-p'ia'rf-us 0
('as'tu-lo ('el'ti-ci
Cer'ci-des Chal-cid'i-ca
Cal'dusCf'- Ca-lvn'la
CapVy-sp I Car-ne'a-des
f at-a-dn'pa Cei-til'lns
Cer'ci-i 4 Chal-cia'i-
li-u< Ci-lyp'so
C;i'pi-:> 1 Car-nel-a
Cat-a-meji'- Ce'-to'ri-i 4
Cer-ci'na cus
Ca'le Ca-mn'ti-
C';iivis-sp'ne (,'ar'ni-on
te-les Cel-tos'cy-
Cer-cin'na Chal-ci-oe'us
C i'-«-d'i'ni-a um'"
(Np'i-to Car'nus
Cat'a-na 20 »ha;
Cer-cin'i-um Chal-ci'o-pe
Oa-le'nns Ca n- >-ri'm
C:i-pit-»-li'- Car-nu'tes
Cat-a-o'ni-a Cem'me-nus
Cer'ci-us 10 Chal-ci'tis 3
CVl-s Canb>u'les
nus Car-p I'si a 11
Cat-a-rac'ia Cem'psi 3
Cer-co'pes Chal'cis
Ct-le'si-us K'Cam'lws
Cap-i-to'li- Car-pa'si-um
Cat'e-nes Ce-na?'um
Cer'cops Chal'cod-don
Ca- ••'' • di n' T
um n
Ca- ha-'a' Cen'chre-ael2
Cer"cy-on 10 Chal'con
CW- or '<" Cam-b-i'ni-i '
Cap-pa-doVi-Car'pa-thus
a in Car'pi-a?
C'-ith'a-ri 3 (>n'chre-is
Ca'u-a n Ctn'ehre-us
Cer-cy'o-nes Chal'cus
Cer-cyra or Chal-dae'a
<'a -i- ad'r.e Crn-e-b'ni 3
C ip'|)i-dox ('aKpis
Ca-ti-e'm Cen'chri-us
Cor-cy'ra Chal-da-'i 3
Cal-i-;1"' i • Ci 'i-"-li'; p
C .-prn'ri-a Car'po
Ca-ti-e'nus Cones'po-l:s
Cer-dyl'i-um Cha-les'tra
C:i-'id'i-us, C nil's?-™ 7
Ca'pre-ae Car.poph'o.ra
Ca-ri-!i'na Ce-ne'ti-um 1
Cer-e-a'li-a Chal-o-ni'tia
M. Cam-e-ri'-
Ca|)-ri-cor'- Car-poph'o-
Cnt'i-lhie Ce'ne-us
Ce/res Chal'y-bes
Ca-l'iLj'u-la, rum, .VCa-
ii'is rus
• (EnJ ) Cen-i-mag'ni
Ce-reVsus and Cal'y-
C 'n"-ri'u 11
Cap-ri-fic-i- Car'ra;, and
Ca-t:l' i 3 Ce-ni'na
Cer'e-tse bes
Cal'i-mis Cani-e-n'nun
a'! is Cai'rhsc
Ca-til'us, or Cen-o-ma'ni
Ce-ri-a'lis Chal-y-bo-
Ca'lis C-i-'niVti-
Ca-prl'na Car-ri-na'tes
Cat'i-!us Cen-so'rea
Ce'ri-i 4 ni'ti's
Cal-l "s'rtinis irn
Ca i T! n'e-des Car-ru'ca
Ca-ti'na Cen-so-ri'nus
Ce-ril'lum Chalybs
Cal-l-i'i-ri i Ca- -n-r'tm
Ca-pri us Car-se'o-ti 3
Ca'ti-us 10 Cen'sus
Ce-rin'thus tJha-ma'ni
Ca 'las Ca-mil'la
C 'p-r<>-ti'na Car-ta'li-as
Cat'i-zi t Ccn-ta-re'tus
Cer-y-ni'tes Cham-a-vi'ti
Cal-ln-'p'btis Ca-mil'li.and
< 'a prus Car-thfc'a
Ca'to • Cen-tau'ri 3
Cer-ma'nus 4
Cal-lf-tc'ri-H Ca-mil'he
Cap'sa Car-tha-gin-
Ca,'tre-us Cen-tau'rus
Cer'nes Cha'ne
Cal-lf'ni Cainil''us
C.ip'sa-ge i-en'ses
Cat'ta Cen-tob'ri-ca
Ce'ron Cha'on
C-M'li-a Ci-mi'ro
Cap'u-a Car-tha'go
Cat'ti 3 Cen'to-res 20
Cer-o-pas'a- Cha'o-nes
Cal- i'r.-des Ca-'iii'rus,
Cat-u-'i-a'na Ce i-tor'i-pa
des Cha-o'ni-a
and Ca-
Ca-tul'lus Cen-tri'tes
Ce-ros'sus Cht-o-ni'ti*
('«•-'')' •!« ini'ra
* Canrlrrrf Lemnriere
Cat'u-lus 20 Con-tro'ni-us
Cer'phe-res Cha'os
Cal-li-i1 'r.is C in-is-sa'res
Lab'x', and Ainsworth, ac-
cent this word o i the first
Ca'p-a-ril'lus Ctn-tum'vi-
Ca.v-a-ri'nus ri '
Cyr-rhje'i 3 Char'a-dra
Cer-sob-lep'- Cha-ra'drcs
rus i' - :<e'nt
syllable, but Gouldman
Cau'oa-sus Cen-tu'r:-a
tes Chiir'a-drus
<' - ••' > C-i-n IM'IU
aii:l Holyok" on th;> hst :
Can'con Cen-tu'ri-pa
( a -ii- .-• >'- 1. x
and I a -i much mistaken
Cau'oo-nes Ce'os and
n-i ('a ii ]>;i'n -a
if the general ear lias not
Cau'di and Ce'a
« Chea.— The eh in this,
Cal-lu-'r.-.-i.-s C.rn'pp >*
('il-!i;--r;'.t'i- Ca n-nas'pe
s-im-iion«il this latter pro-
iiuiiciatin.i, an.) given it
Cau'di-um Ceph'a-las
Ca'vi-i 3 Ceph-a-le'di-
and all words from the
Greek and Latin, must be
'l.'s Cainp'sa
the preference.
Cau'lo-ni-a on
pronounced like*
CHR
CLE
14-
COL
COR
Cha-n'a-das Cher-so-ne'-
Chry-so'di- Cis-al-pi'na
Cle-op'a-ter Clym-en-el-
Co'lo Con-tH-dcs'-
Char-an-dx'i nus
um Gani
*Cle-o-pa'tra des
C<vlo'nsE dus
Cha'rax Che-rus'ci 3
Chry-sop'o- Cis'pa
Cle-op'a-tris Clym'e-nus
Co-lo'ne Con-tuTji-a
Cha-rax'es, Chid-na^ 3
lis" CMa
Cje-oph'a-nesCly-snn-y-
Co-lo'nos Co'on
and Cha- Chil-i-ar'-
Ch ry-sor'rho-Cis-se1»
Cle-o-phan'- I'nu'sa
Col'o-phon Co'os, Cos,
r.Tt'us chus
«e Cis-se'us
thus Clyt-em-nes'-
Co-los'se, and ( e'a, and
Cha'res Chitt-iis, and
Chry-sor'rho-Cis'si-a 11
Cle'o-phes t'ra
Co-los'sis Co.
Chart-cles Chil'e-u$
as Cis'si-aell
Cle-oph'o-lusCIvt'i-a, or
Co-los'sus Co'pnp
Chart-clo Chilo
Chrys'os-tomCis'si-des
Cle'o-phon Clyt'i-e
•Col'o-tes Co-phoii'tis
Char-J-cli'- Chi-lo'nis
des < hi-ma/ra
Chrys-oth'e- Cis-sces'sa 5
mis Cis'sus
Cle-o-phylusClyti-us 0
Cle-o-pom'- Cly'tus
Col'pe ( o'phas
C'o-lumTja Co'pi-a 7
Char-i-de'- Chim'a-rus
Chryx'us Cis-su'sa
pus tC'na-ca'di-
Col-u-mel'la Co-nil'lus
mus Chi-roe'ri-
Chtho'ni-a 12Cis-te'nffi
Cle-op-tol'e- um is
Co-lu'thus C'o-po'i!i-i:s
fhart-la um
Chtho'ni-us Ci-tha/ron
mus Cnac'a-lis
Co-lyt'tus Cop'ra-tes.
Cliar-i-la'us, Chi-om'a-ra
12 Cith-3-ris'ta
Cle'o-pus Cna'gi-a
C'om-a-gf'na Co'pre-us
and Cha- Chi'on 1
Chi'trum Cifi-um '0
Cle-o'ra Cne'mus
Com-a-ge'ni Cop'tus. and
ril'lus Chi'o-ne 8
Cib-a-ri'tis Ci-vilis
Cls-os'tra-tusCne'us, or «
Co-ma'na Cop'tos
( ha-ri'ni, Chi-on'i-des
Cib'y-ra Ci'us
CIe-ox'e-n>ts Cnav'us
Co-ma'ni-a Co'ra
and Ca-ri'- Chi'o-nis
Cic/e-ro Cvz'y-cum
Clep'sy-dra Cni-din'i-um
Com'a-ri 3 Cor-a-ce'si-
ni 3 ChS'os
Cith'y-ris Cla'de-us
Cle ri 3 Cni'dus, or
Com'a-rus tun and
Cha'ris Chi'ron
Cic'o-nes Cla'nes
Oes'i-des Gni'dus
Co-mas'tus Cor-a-ccu'-
Cha-is'i-a Chit'o-ne 8
Ci-cu'ta Cla'nis
Cle'ta Cno'puslS
Com-ba'bus si-um
Chart-tea Chlo'e
Ci-lic'i-a 10 cla'ni-us, or
C'liWa-nus Cnos'si-a 11
Corr/be Cor-a-co-na .
Chart-ton Chlo're-us
Ci-lis'sa Cla'nis
Cli-de'mus Cno'sus
Com'bi 3 SuS
Char'mi-das Qilo'ris
CHix Cla'nis
Clim'e-nus Co'os, & Cos
Com-bre'a Co-ral'e-tae
Char'me, andChlo'rus
Cilia Clas-tidl-um
Cli'nas Co-3^ma'ni
Com'bu-tis Co-ra!-i 3
Car'nie Cho-a-ri'na
Cil'les Clau'di-a
C ; i n'i-as Co-as'tra?, &
Co-me'tes Co-ra'nus
Char-mi'des Cho-as'pes
Cillus Clau'di-a?
Cli-nip'pi-des Co-ac'tras
Co:n'c-tho Co'r.is
Char-mi'nus ChoTjus
Cil'ni-us Clau-di-a'nus
Cli'nus Cob'a-res
Co-mi n'i-us Co'rax
•Char-mi'o- Chcer'a-des
Cilo Clau-di-op'-
Cli'o Coc'a-lus
Co-mit'i-a 10 Co-raxT 3
ne Chcert-lus
CimTjer o-lis
Cli-sith'e-ra Coc-ce'i-us
Co'mi-us Cor^xMu
Char'mis Chcer'e-se
Cim-be'ri-us Clau'di-us
Clis'the-nes Coc-cvgl-us
Coin'mo-dus Cor'bis •
Char-mos'y- Cho'ni-das
na Chon'u-phis
Char'mo-tus Cho-ras'mi 3
Cim'uri 3 Clav-i-e'nus
Cim"bri-cum Clav'i-ger
Cim'i-nus Clau'sus
Cli'tse Co'cles, Pub.
Cli-tar'chus liorat.
Cli'te Coc'ti-a?, and
Co'mon CorTju-!e>
Com-pi-tali- Cor-ty'ra
a Cor'du-ba
Char'mus Cho-rin'e-us
Cim-me'ri-i ^Cla-zom'e-na:
Cli-ter'ni-a Cofti-ac
Comp'sa-tus Cor-du-e'ne
Char'on C'ho-rce'bus
Cha-ron'das Cho-rom-
Cim'me-ris and Cla-
Cim-me'ri- zom'e-na
C li t-o-de'rausCo-cy'tus
Cli-tom'a- Co-dom'a-
Com-pu'sa Co're 8
Co'mus Co-res 'sus
Char-on-ne'a nx'i 3
um Cle*a-das
chus nus
Con'ca-ni 3 Cor'e-siii
Cha-ro'ni- Chos'ro-es
Ci-mo1is,andCle-an'der
Cli-ton'y- Cod'ri-dae
Con-ror'di-a Cor'e-tas
um Chre'mes
Ci-nolis Cle-an'dri-
mus Co-drop'o-lis
Con'da-lus Cor-fin'i-um
Crm'rons andChrem'e-tes
Ci-mo'lus das
Ciit'o-phon Co'drus
Con'da-te (.'or:-:'. 7
CharVvpes Chres'i-phon
Ci'mon Cle-an'thes
Cli'tor C(E<-il'i-us
Con-do-cha'- Co-ri!i'e-um
Cha-ryVdis Chres-phon'-
Ci-nz'thon Cle-a/chus
Cli-to'ri-a Coeqa
tes Co-i:n'na
Chau'bi, and tes
Ci-nar'a-das Cle-art-des
Cli-tum'nus Ccf-laTe-tae
Con-dru'si 3 Co-rin'nus
Chau'ci Chres'tus
Chaula ~< Chro'mi-a
Cin'ci-a 10 Cle'mens
Cin-cin-nft'- Cle'o
Cli'tus Co?l-e-syr'i-a,
Clo-a-ci'na and Cce-lo-
Con-dyll-a Co-rin'thus
Co'ne < Co-ri-o-la'nu»
Chau'rus Chro'mi-os
tus, L. Q. Cle'o-bis
Clo-an'thus syrt-a
Con-e-to-du'- 2a
Che'lae Chro'mis
Cin'ci-us 10 Cle-o-bu'la
Clo'di-a Cce'Ji-a
nus Co-ri'o-ii,sr.a
Cheles Chro'mi-us
Cin'e-as Cle-ob-u-li'-
Clo'di-us Coe-li-ob'ri-
Con-fu'ci-us Co-ri-ol'Ia
Che!-i-<lo'ni-a('hro'ni-us
Ci-ne'si-as 11 na
Clceli-a ga
10 Co-ris'sus
Chel-i-do'- Chro'nos
Cin'e-thon Cle-o-bulus
Clceli-so « Cceli-us
Con-ge'dus Cort-tus
ni-a; ChryVsus
Cin'ga Cle-o-cha'res
Cloeli-us Coelus
Co'm-i3 Cor'mus
Che-lid'o-nis Chry'sa, and
Chel'o-ne < 'hry'se
Chel'o-nis Chrysa-me
Cin-get'o-rix C!e-o-cha'ri-a
Sin-jefo-rit Cle-o-da;'us
Cin'gu-lum Cle-od'a-mas
Clo'nas Cce'nus
Clon'di-cus Coer'a-nus
Clo'ni-a Co'es
Con-i-s.-.i'tus Cor'ma-s.1
Co-nis'd 3 Cor-ne'Ii-a
Con-ni'das Cor-neli-i 4
Chei-o-noph'-Ohry-san'tas
a-gi Chry-san'thi-
Cin-i-a'ta. Cie-o-de'mus
Ci-nith'i-i « Cle-o-do'ra
Clo'ni-us Cce'us
Clo'tho Cog'a-mus
Co'nen Cor-nic'u-
Con-sen'tcs lum
Chel-y-do'- us
Cin'na Cle-o-dox'.i
Clu-a-ci'na Cog-i-du'nus
Con-sen'ti-a Cor-ni-ficl-
re-a Chry-san'tis
Cin'na-don Cle-og'e-nes
Clu-en'ti-us CoTii-bus
Con-sid'i-us us 10
Chem'mi s i Chry -sa'or
Cin'na-mus Cle-o la'us
10 CoTiors
Con-si-li'- Cor'ni-ger
Che'na ~ Chrys-a-o're-
Cin-ni'a-na Cle-om'a-
Ciu'po-a, andCo-la;'nus
num Cor-nu tus
CheY.a: us
Cinx'i-a cbus
Clvp'e-a 23 Co-lax'a-is
Con'stans Co-roeTju*
Che'ni-on Chry sa'o-Tis
Ci'nyns, and Cle-o-man'-
Clu'si-a!l Co-lax'es
Con-stan 'ti-a Co-ro'na
Che'ni-us Chry'sas
Cin'y-phus tes
Clu-si'ni- Col'chi 12, 3
1 1 Cor-o-ne'»
Che'ops, »nd('hry-*e'is
Ciny-ras Cle-omT)ro-
fon'tes Col'chis and
Con-stan-ti'- Co-ro'nis
Chs-os'pes Chry-ser'-
Cl'os tus
Clu-si'o-lum Col'chos
na Co-ron'ta
Che'phren mus
Cip'pus Cle-o-me'dea
Clu'si-um 10 Co-len'da
Con-stan-ti- Co-ro'nus
Chcr-o-moc'- Chr >•'*-><
CiKce *Cle-om'e-
Clu'si-us 10 Coli-as
nop'o-lis Cor-rha'g»
ra-tes Chry-sip'pe
Cir-cen'»K, nes
Clu'vi-a Col-la'ti-a
Con-stan-ti'- um
Che-ris'o- Chry-sip'pus
Ludi Cle'on
. Clu'vius Ru'-Col-la-ti'nus
nus Col's! 3
phv.s rhry'sis
Cir'ci-us .0 Cle-o'n:c, and
fus ±Col-li'na
Con'ftan-tineCor'si-SR
Cher'o-phon Chrvs-o-as'pi-
CirYus Cle'o-na
Clym'e-ne Col-lu'ci-a
(Eng.) Cor'si-ca'
Cher'si-as 10 <l?s
Ci'ris Cle-o'n?
Con-stan'ti- Cor'so-te
Cher-sid'a- Chry-sog'o-
mas mis
Ciur's -pho Chrys-o-U'us
Cir-r!E'a-tum Cle-o-ni'ca
Cir'rha, and Cle-o-ni'cus
Cyr'rha 30
* Cleopatra. — The learn-
ed editor of Labbe tells us
us 10 Cor'su-ra 7
Con'sus Cor-to'nas
Con-syg'r.a Cor-vi'nus
Cir'tha, and Cle-on'n's
this word ou^ht to b3 pro-
Cir'ta CIe-o;;'y-rnus
nounced with the accent on
» Cl:(irmione.— Drvt'.en.
\.h" antepenultimate, CV«-
tepenultimate ; but Air.s-
in his tragedy of A'll fur
op'a-tra, though thepenul-
worth, Gouldman, and
Love, has r.:i_;!iciM-.l tl.^s
* Geomenes. — Tliere is
timate accentuation, he
Holyoke, more properly
word into Charraitn /—the
an unaccomtab'e caprice
says, is the more common.
on the penultimate.
ch pronounced as in cJittrrn.
in Dryden's accentuation
t Cnacadixm. — C before
* Colotes. — Ainsworth
t Clirysaor.
of this vord, in opposition
V, in this and the succeed-
and Lemiiriere accent thit
Then started out, wlien
to all prosody ; for through
the whole tragedy of this
ing words is mute ; and they
must be pronounced as if
word on the antepenulti-
mate syllable ; but Labbe,
vou began to bleed,
title he places the accent
written Kacadium, tiaca-
Gouldman, and Holyoke,
The great dirytaor, and
on the penultimate instead
lit, &c.
more agreeably to the gen-
the gallant steed.
of the antepenultimate syl-
tCoIHna. — Lcmpriere ac-
eral ear, on the penulti-
Cooke't Htsinrl. 7'Afnc-
lable.
cents this word on the an-
mate.
CRU
CYR
15
DtA
Cor-un-ca'- Cra-ux'i-das
Cmt-tu-me'- Cyl'a-bui
Cyr'rhes fCyth'e-ris
Dal'a-mes De-ne'tri-ui
nus Crem'e-ra
ri-um Cyll-ces
Cyr'rhus Cy-tlis'ri-us
Dat-a-pher'- De'mo
Co'rus Crem'ma
Crus-tu-mi'- Cy-lin'dus
C'yr-ri-a'na7 Cy-the'rou
nes Dem-o-a-
Cor-y-ba:i'- Crem'my-on,
num Cyl-lab'a-rus
C\r-si'Jus (^y-lhe'run
Da'tis nas'sa
tes 6 and Crom'-
Crus-tu'mi- C'yl'la-rus
Cy'rus Oyth'e-rus
Da'tos, or Dem-o-ce'de*
Cor'y-bas my-on
um Cyl'len
Cy-rop'o-lis Cyih'nos
Da'ton De-moch'a-
C'or-y-bas'sa Crem'ni, and
Crus-tu'nis &Cyl-le'ne
Cy't;i Cy-tin'e-um
Dav'a-ra 7 res
Cor'y-bus Crem'nos
Co-ryc'i-a24 Cre-mo'na
Crus-tur- Cvl-!e-ne'i-us
ne'ni-us Cy!-iyr'i-i 3,4
Cy-tai'is (.'yt -is-so'rtis
Cy-the'ra Cy-to'rus
Dau'lis De;n'o-clrs
Dau'ni 3 De-moc'o-on
Co-ryc'i-des C'rem'i-des
Cry"nis Cy'lon
*Cyth-e-ra?'a Cyz-i-re'ni
Dau'ni-a De-moc'ra-
Co-ryc'i-us lOCre-mu'ti-us
CreVtus Cy'ma, or
or Cyth-e- f'yz'i-cum
Dnu'nus tes
Cor'y-cus 6 10
Ctem'e-ne 13 Cy'mae
re'a Cyz'i-cus
Dau'rifer, & De-moc'ri-
Cor'y-don Cre'on
Cte'nos Cy-mod'o-ce
Dau'ri-ses tus
Cor'y-la, andCre-on-ti'a-
Cte'si-as Cy-mod-o-
D
De-ceb'a-Ius De-mod'i-ce
Cor-y-le7- des
Cte-sib'i-us ce'a
De-co'le-um 4, 6
um Cre-oph'i-lus
Ctes'i-cles Cy-mod-o-
DA'X, DaliajDa-moph'i-
Dec'e-'us De-mod'o-
Co-rynVbi- Cre-pe'ri-us
Cte-sil'o-chus ce'as
Da'ci, and lus
De-cem'vi-ri cus
fer Cres
Ctes'i-phon Cy'me, and
Da'cw Dam'o-phrn
4 De-mole-us
Cor'y-na Cre'sa, and
13 Cy'mo
D;i'cia 11 Da-mos tra-
De-ce'ti-a 10 De-mo'leon
Cor-y-ne'ta, Cres'sa
Cte-sip'pua Cym'o-lus, &
Dac'ty-li 3, 4 tus
De-cid'i-us J^)e'mon
and Cor- y- Cre'si-us H
Ctim'e-ne Ci-mo'lus
Dad'i-cie Da-mox'e-
Sax'a Dem-o-nas'sa
ne'tos Cres-phon'-
Cu'la-ro *Cym-o-po-
Daod'a-la nus
De-cin'e-us De-mo'nax
Cor-y-pha'si- tes
Cu'ma, and li'a
Dae-dali-on Da-myrt-as
De'ci-usio Dem-o-ni'cal
um Cres'si-us H
Cu'mne Cy-moth'o-e
Died'a-lus Da'na 7
l)e-cu'ri-o Dem-o-ni'cus
Cor-y-then'- Cres'ton
Cu-nax'a 7 Cyn'a-ra
Da/mon Dan'a-e
Ded-i-tam'e- De:n-o-p!ian'
ses Cre'sus
Cu-pa'vo Cyn-as-gi'rus
Da'i * Dan'a-i 3
nes tus
Cor'y-hus Cre'ta
Cu-pen'tus Cy-n«c'thi-
Da'i-cles 1 Da-na'i-des 4
Dcj-a-ni'ra De-moph'i-
Co-ry'tus 6 Crete, (Eng.)
Cu-pi'do um -
Da'i-dis Dan'a-la
De-ic'o on lus
Cos 8
Cu-pi-en'ni- Cy-na'ne
Da-im'a-chusDan'a-us
De-id-a-mi'a Dem'o-phon
Co'sa, and Cre-tae'us
us Cy-na'pes
Da-im'e-nes Uan'da-ri, &
30 De-moph'o-
Cos's.!, or Cre'teS
Cu'res Cy-nax'a
Da'i-phron 1 Dan-dar'i-
De-i-le'on on
Co'sa; Cre'te-a 7
Cu-re'tes Cyn'e-as
Da-i'ra 1 daj
De-il'o-chus De-inop'o-li»
Cos-co'ni-us Cre'tes
Cu-re'tis Cy-ne'si-i 4 &
Dal'di-a Dan'don
1« De'mos
Co-sin'gas Cre-te'us
Cu'ri-a , Cyn'e-tse
Dal-ma'ti-a Da-nu'bi-us
De-im'a-chusDe-mos'the-
Co'sis Cre'the-is
Cu-ri-a'ti-i 4 Cyn-e-thus'sa
10 Dan'utie
D: j'o-ces nes 18
Cos'mus Cre'the-us
Cu'ri-o Cyn'i-a
Dal-ma'ti-us (Eng.)
De-i'o-chus De-mos'tra-
Cos'se-a 7 Creth'o-na
Cu-ri-o-soll- Cyn'i-ci 3
10 Da'o-chus 12
De-i'o-ne tus
Cos'sus Cret'i-cus
Cos-su'ti -i 4 Cres'sas
taj Cy-nis'ca
Cu'ri-um Cy'no 6
Dam-a-ge'tusDaph'na;
Dam'a-lis Daph'nae-us
De-i-o'ne-us Dem'y-lus
De-i-o-pe'i-a De-od'a-tus
Cos-to-boe'i 3 Cre-u'sa 7
Co-sy'ra Cre-u'sis
Cu'ri-us Den-Cyn-o-ceph'-
ta'tus a-le
Da'mas ' Daph'ne
Da-ma-sce'naDaph-ne-
De-jot'a-rus De-o'is
De-iph'i-la Der'bi-ce
Co'U's, and Cri'a-gus
Cur'ti-a 10 Cyn-o-ccph'-
Da-mas'ci-us pno'ri-a
De-iph'o-be Der'ce
Cot'tes Cri-nip'pus
Cur-til'lus a-li
10 Daph'nis
De-iph'o-bus Der-cen'nus
Co'thon Cri'nis
Cur'ti-us 10 Cyn-o-phon'-
Da-mas'cus Daph'nus
De'i-phon Der'ce-to, &
Co-tho'ne-a "Cri-ni'sus, &
Cu-ru'lis . tis
Dam-a-sip'- Dar'a-ba
De-i-phon'tes Der're-tis
Cot'i-so Cri-mi'sus
Cot-to'nis Cri'no
Cus-sa^i 3 Cy-nor'tas
Cu-til'i-um Cy-nor'ti-on
• pus Da'raps
Dam-a-sich'- Dar'da-ni 3
De-ip'y-le 6,7Der-cvrii-t!as
De-ip'y-lus Der-cyl'lus"
Cot'ta Cri'son
Cy-am-o-so'- H
thon . Dar-da'ni-a
De-ip'y-rus Der'cy-nus
Cot'ti-ae Al'- Cris-pi'na
rus Cy-nos
Dam-a-sis'- Dar-dan'i-
Del'don Der-sa;'i *
pes Cns-pi'nus
Cy'a-ne C, 8 Cyn-o-=ar'ges
tra-tus des
De'ii-a De-ru-si-a;'i .'
Cot'tus Crit'a-la
Cy-a'ne-iC 4 Cyn-os-se'ma
Dam-a-sith'- Dar'da-mis
De-li'a-iles De-sud'a-ba
Cot-y-ae'um 6Crith'e-is
Cy-an'e-e, & Cyn-o-su'ra
y-nus Dar'da-ris
Deli-ma Deu-ca'ii-oii
Co-ty'o-ra Cri-tho'te
'Cy-a'ne-a Cyn'o-sure,
Da-mas'tes Da'res
De'li-us 28
rot-y-lse'us Crit'i-aslO
Cy-a'ne-us (Eng.)
Da'mi-a Da-re'tis
Del-ma'ti-us Deu-ce'ti-us
Co-tyl'ius Cn'to
Co'tys Crit-o-bulus
Co-tyt'to Crit-og-na'-
Cy-a-nip'pe Cyn'thi-a
C'y-a-nip'pus Cyn'thi-us
Cy-a-rax'es, Cyti'thus
Da-mip'pus Da-ri'a
Da'mis Da-ri'a-ves
Dam'no-rix Da-ri'tas
10 10
Del-min'i- Deu-do'rix
um Dex-am'e-ne
C'ra'gus tus
or Cy-ax'- Cyn-u-ren'-
Da'mo Da-ri'us
De'los Dex-am'e-
C'ram-bu'sa Crit-o-la'us
a-res •' ses
Dam'o-cles Das'con
*Del'phi nus
Cran'a-i 3 Cri'us
Cv-beTx; Cy'nus
Da-moc'ra- Das-cyl-i'tis
Derphi-cus Dex-ip'pu*
Cran'a-pes Cro-bi'a-lus
Cyb'e-le Cyp-a-ris'si,
tes Das'cy-lus
Del-phin'i-a Dex-ith'e-a
Cran'a-us Crob'y-zi 3
Cyb'e-la, and and Cyp-a-
Da-moc'ri-ta Da'se-nus
Del-phin'i- Dex'i-us
Cra'ne Croc'a-!e
Cyl>e'la ris'si-a 11
Da-moc'ri- Da'si-us 11
um Di'a 1, 7
Cra-neAim Cro'ce-,-E
Cyb'e-lus Cyp-a-ris'sus
tus Das-sar'e-ta:
Del'phus Di-ac-o-pe'n«
l"ra'ni-i 4 Croc-o-di-
Cyb'i-ra Cyph'a-ra
Da'mon Das-sa-ri'tae
Del-phy'ne G Di-ac-tori-
Cra'non.and lop'o-lis
Cv-ce'si-um Cyp-ri-a'nus
Dam-o- Das-sa-re/ni
Del'ta des
Cran'non Crocus
"ll Cy'prus
phan'tus Das-sa-rit'i-i
Dem'a-des Pi-as'us
Cran'tor Croe'sus
Cych're-us !2Cyp-sel'i-des
Da-moph'i-la 3, 4
De-maen'e- Di-a-du-me-
Cra-as-sit'i- Cro-i'tes
Cyc'la-des Cyp'so-lus
tus ni-a'nus
us 10 Cro'mi 3
Cras'sus Crom'my-on
Cy-clo'pes Cy-rau'nis
Cyclops, Cy're
* ditherea.
De-mag'o-rasDi'a-gon, It
Dem-a-ra'ta Di'a gum
Cras-ti'nus Crom'na
Crat'a-is Cro'mus
(Eug.) Cy-re-nal-ca
Cyc'nus Cy-re-na'i-ctf
Behold a nymph arise, di-
vinely fair,
Dem-a-ra'tus D i-ag'o-ras
Ue-mar'chus Di-a"is
Crs-tas-us Cro'ni-a 7
Cra'ter Cron'i-des
Cy'da6 Cy-re'ne8
Cyd'i-as Cy-ri'a-des
Whom to Cythera first the
surges bear ;
Dem-a-re'ta Di-al'itis
Dem-a-ris'te Di-a-mas-tt-
Crat'e-rus 20 Cro'ni-um
Cy-dip'pe Cy-ril'lus
And Aphrodite, from the
De'me-a go'sis
Cra'tes . Cro'phi 3
Cyd'nus CJ/ril, (Eng.)
foam, her name,
Pe-me'tria Di-a'na "
Cr;it-es-i-cle'-Cros-sa?'a
CyMon Cy-ri'nus
Among the race of gods
De-me'tri-as Di-an'a sa
a Crot'a-lus
Cy-do'ni-a Cyr'ne
and men the same :
Crat-e-sip'o- Cro'ton
Cyd'ra-ra Cyr'nus
And Cytherea from Cythe-
lis C o-to'na7
( 'yd-ro-la'us Cyr-r;t/i »
ra came.
• Delphi. — This word
Crat-e-sip'pi-Crot-o-ni'a-
Cyg'nus C'yr'rha-da;
Cooka's Hesiod. Theog.
was, formerly, universally
das tis
v. 299.
written Ddplms ; till Mr.
Cra-te'vas Cro-to'pi-as
Cumberland, a gentleman
Cra'te-us Cro-to'pus
Cra'this Cru'nos
Cra-ti'mis Cru'sis
Cra-tip'pus Crus-tu-me'-
Crat'v-!us G ri 4
* See Iphigenltt.
Xeptuue, who shakes the
earth, his daughter gave,
Cynuipnlia, to reward the
t Ci/thwis.
no less remarkable for his
classical erudition than his
dramatic abilities, in his
IViiluto of Delphi, rescued
it ffom the vulgarity in
Your Roman wits, your
Callus and Tibullus,
Have taught you this from
Crau'si-a; H Crus-tu-me'-
Crau'sis ri-a
Cooke's Hetiod. Theo%.
V. 1132.
Cythcris mid Delia.
Dryden, All fur Love.
which it had been so long
involved.
DOM
ELA
16
ERA
E17C
Di-a'ii-all, .Ri-o-nys-l-o-
Ro-mi-til'la Rru-en'ti-us
Fl-a-i'tea Eu'no-mus
E-rae'a Er-v-man'»
Di-cse'a do'rus
l)c>-init'i-uslO and Pru-
!0-!a'i-us F:!i-iios-J-g*'-
Kr-a-si'nus thus
Di-cte'ui Ri-o-nys'i-on
Po-na'tus en'ti-a 10
El-a-phl a;'a us
Er-a-sip'pus E-rym'na;
Ri'ceS n
Pon-i-la'us Pru'ge-ri 3
Kl'a-phus E'no-pe
Er-a-sis'tra- E-rym'ne-u»
Ric-e-ar'chusRi-o-ny-iip'-
Uo-mi'ca Rru'i-dae
El-a-nlie-bo'- E'no)>s
tus Kj^v-miis
Ri-ce'ne-us o-lis
Do-ny'sa Drn'Ms,
ii-a E'nos
EKa-to fRr-y-the'a
Ric'o-mas Pi-o-nys'i-us
l)ic't;v 1
Po'res Dru-si\'la
El-ap-to'ni-usEn-osich'-
E-la'ra thon
Er-a-tos'the- Er-y-thi'ni *
ne.s Er'y-thrae
Ric-tnm'numPi-oph'a-nes
and Die- Di-o-phan'-
R:>r'i-ca I, 7 Liv'i-a
Rort-cus Rru'so
E!-a-te'a E-not-o-coe'-
E-la'ti-.J t:e
Er-a-tos'-tra- Er'y-thra
tus E-ryth'ri-on
tyn'na tus
Do-ri-en'ses Dru'sus
K-i. I'vur F.n-tel'la
E-ra'tns E-ryth'ros
Pic-ta'tor Ri-o-pi'tes
Ror'i-las Dry'a-des
fle-a En-tel'!u»
Er-bes'sus E'ryx
Dic-tid-i-en'- Ri-o-pse'nxis
Ror-i-la'us Dry'ads,
K- e a'tcs E:i-v-a'H-HS
Er'e-bus E-ryx'o
ses Pi-opo-lis
Do'ri-o:i (Eng.)
l-Ms-r'tra E-nv'o6
E-rech'theus E-ser'nus
Pic-tyn'ha Ri-o'res
Po'ris Rry-an-ti'a-
E-ler'tr.-e E'o-'ne
E-rem'ri 3 Es-quil'i-a?,
Pic'tys Pi-o-ry'e-tes
Po-ris'cus des
10 '"r'tri-il"1; E'os
E-re'inus and Es-qui»
Pidius Ri-o-scor'i-
Ro'ri-um Rry-an'ci-des
E-lec'try- >n F,-o''iS
Er-e-ne'a li'nus
Di'do des
Ro'ri-us Pry-mnc'a
10-le'i ' E-pa'sfris
E-res'sa Es-sed'o-nes
Pid'y-ma •fPi-os'co-rus
Ro-ros'to- Dry'fno
Ei-e-1/us E-pam-i-
E-rech'thi- Es'su-i 3
Rid-y-vnaAis tRi-o-scu'ri 3
rum Rry'iir.is
K'ie-OTi rton'das
des Es'u-la
Did-v-ma'on Pi-os'pa-ge
Rid'y-me6, 8Di-os'po-lis
Ror-sen'nus Rry'o-pe
Ror'so Pry-o-pe'i-aJ
E!-c-nn'tum Ep-an-teri-i4
El-e-phan\is E-paph-ro-
E-re'sus Es-ti-ai'a 7
E-re'tri-a Et-e-ar'chus
Did'v-mum Di-o-ti'me 1,8
R^rus Dr/o-pes
El-e-|i!iail- di'tus
E-re'tum E-te'o-cles
Did'v-mus Pi-o-ti'mus
Do-ry'a-sus 6Dr/otj>:s,
tnph'a-gi Ep'a-phus
Er-eu-thali- E-te'o-cIus
Pi-en'c-ces Pi-ot're-phes
Pi-es'pi-ter Di-ox-ippe
Pi-gen'ti-a 10Ri-ox-ip pus
Jii^'ma Pi-pse'se
Do-ry'clus and Dry-
Por-y-la'um, op'i-da"
and Ror-y-Dry'ops
Ia;'us Dryp'e-tis
E:-c-phe'nor Ep-as-nac'tus
Kl-r-!io'ni8 E-jieb'o-lus
E'le us F.-pe'i 3
E-leu'chi-a E-pe'us
on *9 Et-e-o-cre't»
Er'ga-ne E-te'o-nes
Er-gen'na E-te-o'ne-ns
Er'gi-as Et-e-o-ni'cvn
Di*i 3, 4 Riph'i-las
Ror'y-las Du-ce'ti-usJO
El-eu-sm'i-a Eph'e-sus
Er-gi'nus 30
Pi-mas'sus Riph'i-lus
Pi-nar'chus Ri-phot'i-das
Por-y-la'us Du-il'li-a
Ro-rys'sus Ru-il'li-us
Kph'e-toe
E-!eu'sis Fph-i-al'tes
Er-gin'nus E-te'si-ae 11
Er-i-bae'a E-tha'li-on*»
i« Ri-pce'na?
Ros'ci 3 T>.Vpos
E-leu'ther Eph'o-ri s
E-rib'o-tes E-the'le-um
Ri-nol'o-cluS Rip'sas
Ro-si'a-des Du-lich'i-
R-leu' f he-rscE: ph'o-rus
Er-i-ce'tes Eth'o-da
Rin'i-se 4 Ri'rae
Ros-se'nus um
El-eu-the'ri-aEph'y-ra
E-rich'tho E-the'mon
Rin'i-as Rir'ce
Rot'a-das Rum'no-rix
E-leu'tho Ep-i-cas'te
Er-ich-tho'- E'ti-as 10
Pin'i-chel2 Dir-cen'na
Ro'to Pu'nax
E-leu-ther-o-Ep-i-cer'i-des
ni-us E'tis
Ri-noch'a-resPir'phi-a
Pi-noc'ra-tea Dis-cor'di-a
Ro'tus Pu-ra'ti-usio
Rox-an'der Ru'ri-us
cil'i-cis Ep-i-cha'i-
E-lic'i-us 10, des
Er-i-cin'i-um E-tru'ri-a
Er-i-cu'sa Et'y-lus
Ri-nod'o- Rith-y-ram'-
Rra-ca'nus Ru-ro'ni-a
'•" E-pich'a-ris
*E-rid'a-nus E-vad'ne
chus bus
Dra'co Pu-um'vi-ri*
El-i-en'sis, Ep-i-cliar'-
E-rigfo-ne Ev'a-ges
Ri-nom'e-nesDit'a-ni 3
Rra-con'ti- Ry-a gon'das
and E-li'a- mus
E-rig'o-nus E-vajfo-ras
Di'non Riv-i-ti'a-cus
des Ry-ar-den'ses
ca Ep'i-cles
Er-i-gy'us E-v-ag'o-re
Di-nos'the- Pi'vus, Fid'-
Rra'cus Ry'ma;
El-i-mi'a Ep-i-cli'des
E-riFlus E'van
nes i-us
Rran'ces Ry-ma?'i 3
E'lis E-pic'ra-tes
E-rin'des E-van'der
Pi-nos'tra- Ri-yl'lus
Rran-gi-a'na"D y 'mas
El-is-pha'si-i Ep-ic-te'tus
E-rin'na E-van'ge-lus
tus Po-oe'res
Dra'pes Rym'nus
4 Ep-i-cn'rus
E-rin'nys Ev-an-gort-
Ri-o'c'e-a Poc'i-lis
Prep'a-na Ry-nam'e-ne
E-lis'sa E-pic'y-des24
E-ri'o-pis des
Ri'o-cles Poc'i-mus 24
and Prep'- Ryn-sa'te
E-lis'sus Ep-i-dam'nus
E-riph'a-ni» E-van'thes
Pi-o-cle'ti- Po'cle-a
a-num P/ras 6
El-lo'pi-a Ep-i-<taph'ne
E-riph'i-das E-var'chus
a'nus Ro-do'na
Rrim'a-chus Ry-ras'pes
E-lo'rus E-pi-dau'ria
Er-i-phy'le E'vas
D i-o-cle't i-anP od-o-nae'us
Rri-op'i-des Pyr-rach/i-
E'los Ep-i-dau'rus
E'ris E-vax
(Eng.) Ro-do'ne
Ri-o-do'rus Do-don'i-des
Rri'os um
Rro'i 3 Ry-saules
El-pe'nor E-pid'i-us
El-pi-ni'ce Ep-i-do'tffi
Er-i-sic'thon Eu'ba-ges
Er'i-thus Eu-ba'tas
Di-o'e-tas Rc/i-i 4
Rro-mae'us Rys-ci-ne'tus
El-u-i'na E-pig'e-nes
E-rix'o EuT)i-us
Dl-og'e-nes Pol-a-bella
Prop'i-ci 4 Ry-so'rum
El'y-ces E-pig'e-us
E-ro'chus Eu-bee'a 7
Pi-o-ge'ni-a Rol-i-cha'on
Di-ogVnus Dol'i-che 1,12
Rrtfpi-on Rys-pon'ti-i 4
El-y-ma'is E-pig'o-ni 3
El'y-mj 3 E-pig'o-nus
E-ro'pus, andEu-bo'i-cu»
^Er'o-pas Eu'bo-te
Pi-og-ne'tus Ro'li-ua
E
El'y-mus E-pi'i, and
E'ros EuTjo-te*
Di-o-me'da Rol-o-me'na
El'y-rus E-pe'i
E-ros'tra-tus Eu-bu'le S
* Di-o-me'desRo'loii
E'A-NKS E-chi'non
E-lys'i-um E-pira-ris
E-ro'ti-a 0 Eu-bu'li-des
Ri-o-me'dou Po-lon'ci 3
E-a'nus E-chi'nus
E-ma'thi-a Ep-i-mel'i-
Er-ru'ca B^u-bu'lus
Pi'on 3 Rol'o-pes
E-art-nus Ech-i-nus'sa
E-ma'thi-on des
Er'se Eu-ce'rus
Pi-o-nae'a Ro-lo'phi-on
E-a'si-um E-chi'on «9
Em'ba-tum E-pim'e-nes
Er'y-mas Eu-che'nor
Di-o'ne Po-lo'pi-a
Ri-o-nysl-a Ro'lops
Eb'do-me Ech-i-on'i-
E-bor'a-cum des
Em-bo-li'ma Ep-i-men'i-
E-mer'i-ta des
Er'xi-as Eu'chi-des
E-ryb'i-um Eu-ch'des
1 1 Pom-i-duc'us
Di-o-ny-si'a- Po-min'i-ca
Eb-u-rc/nes Ech-i-c/ni-us
Eb'u-sus Ech'o
E-mes'sa, andEp-i-me'the-
E-mis'sa us
Er-y-ci'na Eu'clid,
Er-y-raan'- (8-ng.)
des Po-mir'i-a 10
Pi-o-nys'i-as Do-mit-i-a'-
Ec-a-me'da E-des'sa,
Ec-bar/a-na E-de'sa
Em-me'li-us E]>i-me'this
E-mo'da E-pi'o-chusl2
tliis Eu'clus
11 nus
Ec-e-chirt-a E-dis'sa
E-mo'dus E-pi'o-ne 8
Di-o-nvs'i- Do-mifi-an
Es-e-kir'i-u E'don
Em-ped'o- E-piph'a-nes
» Eridanus.
des (Eng.)
E-chec'ra-tes E-do'ni 3
E-kek'ra-tes E-dyl'i-us
cles Ep-i-pha'ni-
Em-pe-ra'- us
Alpheus and Eridanus the
strong,
• Diomedet.— All words
Ech-e-da'- E-e'ti-on 10
mi-a 30 E-gel'i-das
mug E-pi'rus
Em-po'clus E-pis'tro-
That risesdeep, and stately
rolls along.
ending in edes have the
E-chel'a-tus E-ge'ri-a
Em-po'ri-a phus
Coofce'g He*icd. Theog
Brrne accentuation ; as Ar-
E-chel'ta E-ges-a-re'tus
Em-pu'sa E-pitVdeg
V.S20.
chimedes, Diomedes, Sec.
Ech'e-lus Eg-e-si'nus
En-cel'a-dus E'pi-um
The same may be observed
E-chemTjro- E-ges'ta
En.chel'e.ajl 2E p'o-na
t Erythea.
of words ending in iclet
and oclet; as Ijthicles, Da-
tus Eg-na'ti-a 10
E-che'mon Eg-na'ti-us 10
En'de-is E-po'pe-us
En-de'ra Ep-o-red'o-
Chrysacjr, Love the guide,
Calliroe leil.
mocles, Androclet, &c. —
See the Terminational Vo-
Ech'e-mus E-jc/ne-us
Ech-e-ne'us E-i'on 26
En-dyml-on rix
E-ne^i Ep'u-lo
Paughter of Ocean, to tha
genial bed,
cabulary,
t Dioxcorus. — An heresi-
arch of the fifth century.
± Dioscuri. — The name
given to Castor and Pollux
from the Greek Aits and
Ech'e-phrdn E-i'-o-nes
E-chep'o-lus E-i-o'ne-us
E-cheyrratusEl-a-bon'tas
E-chev-e- E-lae'a
then'ses E-lae'us
E-chid'na El-a-ge-ba'
En-gy'um E-pyt'i-des
En-i-en'ses Ep'y-tus
En-i-o'pe-us E-qua-jus'ta
E-nip'e-us E-quic'o-lus
E-nis'pe 8 E-quir^i-a
En'na E-quo-tu'ti-
W-hence Geryon sprung,
fierce with his triple head :
Whom Hercules laid
breathless on the ground
In Erythea, which the
waves surround.
Kci/;o,- pro Ko';o,-, the sons
Ech-i-dc/rus lus, or El-
En'ni-a cum
Cooke's He/tiod. Ttieag
if Jove.
E-chin'a-dei «-gab'a-lus
En'ni-us Er'a-con
v. 523.
EUR
FUG
GfO
HAG
Eu'cra-te Eu--sa-to'ri-a
Eu-rys'the- »Eu tha'li-a
Fu-cl'nus Fun'di 3
Gi-gar'tum Oor'giis
Eu'cra-tes Eu-pei'thes
nes Eu-tha'li-us
Fu-fid'i-us Fu'ri-a
Gi'gis Gor-gyth't-OB
Eu'cri-tus Ku'pha-cs
Eu-rvs-then'-Eu-fhyc'ra-
Fu'ft-us Fu'ri-as
Gil'do Gor'tu-ae
Euc-te'mon Eu- >' an'tus
i-dae tes
Gem'i-nus Fu'ri-i 4
Gil'lo Gor'tyn
Euc-tre'si-i 1 Ku-phe'me
E u rys'the- Eu-thy-de'-
Ful-gi-na'tes Fu-ri'na
Gin-da'nes Gor'tys
Eu-dae'mon Ku-phe'inus
us mus
Ful-gi'nus Fu-ri'nae
Gin'des Gor-ty'na
Eu-dam'i-dasEu-phor'bus
Eii'ry-te Eu-thy'mus
Ful'li-num, Fu'ri-us
Gin'ge Gor-tyn'i-a
Eu'da-rnus Eu-pho'ri-on
Eu-ryt'e-iB Eu-trap'e-lus
and Ful- Fur'ni-us
Gin-gu'num Got'thi 3
Eu-de'muj 1- u-phra'nor
Eu-ryt'e le Eu-tro pi-a
gi'num Fus'cus
Gip'pi-us Gracchus »
Eu-do'ci-a Eu-phra'tes
Eu-ryth'e- Eu-tro'pi-us
Ful'vi-a Fu'si-a n
Gis'co Gra-di'vug
Eu-doc'i-musEu'phron
mis Eu'ty-ches
Ful'vi-us Fu'si-us 10
Gla-di-a-to'- Gras'ci 3
Eu-do'rs Eu-phros'y-
Eu-do'nis ne
Eu-ryth'i-on,Eu-tych'i-da
ana Eu- Eu-tych'i-dns
Fun-da'nus
ri-i 4 Grae'ei-a H
Gla'nis Grae'ci-a
Eu-dox'i-a Eu pla>-a, or
ivt'i-on U Eu'ty-phron
G
Glaph'y-re, Mag'na
Eu-dox'us Eu-ploe'a
Eury-tus Ku-xan'thi-
and Glaph'-Gras-ci'nus
E-vel'thon Eu'po-lw
Eu-ry'tis us
GAB'A-LES Gar-ga'phi-a
y-ra Grse'cus
En-e-mer'i- Eu-pom'pus
Ku-se'bi-a Eux'e-nus
Gab'a-za Gar'ga-ra 7
Glaph'y-rus Gra'i-us
das Eu-ri-a-nas'-
Eu-se'bi-us Eu-xi'nus
Ga-be'ne, andGur tja-ris
Glau'ce »Gra-ni'cus,
E-vem'e-rus sa
Eu'se-piis Pon'tus
Ga-bi'e-ne Ga-ri.'i-us
Glau-cip'pe or Gran'i-
E-ve'nus Eu-rip'i-des
Ev-e-phe'nusEu-ri pus
Eu-sta thi-in Eu-xip'pi
' u-sto'li-a Ex-a'di-us
Ga-bi-e'nus Gar-git'ti-us
Ga'bi-i 4 G?r-i'tes
Glau-cip'pus us
Glau'cou Gra'ni-us
Ev'e-res Eu-nrmus
Eu-stoli-us Ex-ae'thcs
Ga-bi'na Ga-vum na
Glau-con'o- Gra'ti-ae 10
E-ver'ge-tfe Eu-ro'pa
Eu-t.i-'a 7 Kx-ag'o-mw
Ga-bin'i-a Gas'tron
me Gra-ti-a'nus
E-ver'ge-tes Eu-ro-pse'tt*
Eu-tel'i-das Ex-om'a-tra
Ga-bin-i-a'- Gath'p-a3 -t
Glau-co'pis 21
Eu-ga'ne-i •> Eu'rops
Eu-ter'pe
nus 20 Ga-the'a-tas
Glau'cus Gra-tid'i-a
Eu-ge'ni-a 2t)Eu'ro-pus
Ga-bin'i-us Gau'lus,
Glau'ti-as Gra'ti-on U
Eu-ge'ni-us Eu-ro'tas
F
Ga'des, and Gau'le-on
Gli'con Gra'ti-us 10
Eu'ge-on Eu-ro'to
Gad'i-ra Gau'rus
Glis'sas Gra'vi-i l
Eu-he'me-r'u'sEu'rus
FAR'A-RIS Fi-cul'ne-a
Gad-i-ta'nus Ga'us, Ga'os
Glyc'e-ra Gra-vis'cas
Eu'hy-drum Eu-reVle 8
F.i'bi-a 7 Fi-de'na
Ga>sa'ta; Ge-ben'na 9
Gly-ce'ri-um Gra'vi-us
Eu'hy-us Eu-r/a-lus
Fa-bi-a'ni ' Fi-dVnae
Gavtu'li-a Ge-dro'si-a U
Gly'con Gre-eo'ri-u»
E-vip'pe8 Eu-ryb'a-tes
Fa'bi-i 1 Fi-dcn'ti-a
Gse-tu'li-cus Ge-ga'ni-i 4
Glym'pes Grinnes
E-vip'pus Eu-ryb'i-a
Eu-Hm-e-ne Eu-ry-bi'a-
Fa'bi-ui Fi'des
Fab-ra-to'ri-ar'i-dic'u-la?
fia-la'bri-i 4 Ge'la
Gal-ac-toph'- Ge-la'nor
Gna'ti-a '3,10Gro'phus
Gni'dus Gryl'lus
Eu-ma'chi-us des
Fa-bric':-us - i i^i'.n'br^-a
a-gi 3 Gel'li-a
Gnos'si-a 10 Gry-ne'um
12 Eu-ryb'i-us
Fa-lml'U Fjr'ini-us
Ga-lae'sus Gel'li-as
Gnos'sis Gry-ne'us
Eu-iT^'us Eu-ry-cle'a
Fa'dus F:s-c:-i'lus
Ga-!an'thir Gel'li-us
Gnos'sus Gry-ni'um
Eu-me'des Eu'ry-cles
Fa?s'u-lse Fia-cel'li-a
Gal'a-ta7 Ge'lo, Ge'lon
Gob-a-nit'i-o Gy'a-rus, and
Eu-me'lis Eu-ry-cli'des
Fal-cid'i-a Flac'ois
Gal'a-tae Ge'lo-i 3
10 Gy'a-ros
Eu-me'lus Eu-ryc'ra-tes
Fa-!e'rii' Fia-cll'la
Gal-a-tas'a, Ge-lo'nes,
Go'bar Gy'as
Eu'me-lus Ku-ry-crat'i-
Fal-e-rfria /E'li-a
and Gal-a- Gc-lo'ni
Gob'a-res Gy-gn^us
(King.) das
Fa-ler'nus Pla-min'i-a
thse'a Ge'los
Gob'ry-as Gy'ge
*Eu'me-nes Eu-ryeVa-mas
Fa-lis'ci 3 Fla-min'i-m
Ga-la'ti-a 10 Ge-min'i-us
Gol'gi Gy'ges9
Eu-me'di-a Eu-ryd'a-me
Fa-lis'ctis or Flam-i-
Ga-lax'i-a Gem'i-nus
Gom'phi Gy'es
!• u-men'i-deBEu-ry-dam'i-
Fa'ma ni'nus
Gal'ba Ge-na'bum
Go-na'tas Gy-lip'pus
Eu-me-nid'- das
Fan'ni-a Fla'vi-a
Ga-le'nus Ge-nair'ni
Go-ni'a-des Gym-na'si »
i-a Eu-ryd'i-ce
!• an'ni-i 4 Fla-vi-a'num
Ga-le'o-las Ge-ne'na
Go-nip'pu« U
Eu-me'ni-us Eu-ry-ga'ni-a
Fan'ni-us Fla-vin'i-a
Ga-le'ri-a Gs-ni'sus
Go-ncessa Gym-na'si-
Eu-mol'pe Eu-ry'le-on
Far'fa-rus Fla-vi-ob'ri-
Ga-le'ri-us Ge'ni-us
Go-nvs'sa "um H
F.u-mol'pi- Eu-ryl'o-
Fas'ce-lis ga
Ga-le'sus Gen'se-ric
Gor-di-a'nus Gym-ne'si-ae
dae chus
Fas-cel'li-na Fla'vi-us
Gal-i-ias'a Gen'ti-us 1°
Gor'di-um n
Eu-morpus Eu-ry"vn'a-
Fau-cu'i-a Flo'ra
Ga-iiii-thi-a'- Gen'u-a
Gor'dt-us Gym'ne-tes
l u-;non i-des chus
Fa-ven'ti-a lOFlo-ra'li-a
d»-» Ge-nu'ci-usio
Gor-ga'sus Gym-nos-o-
Eu-nx'us Eu rym'e-de
Fa-ve'ri-a Flo'rus
Gal'u - Ge-nu'sus
Gor'ge 8 phis'tae
Eu-n j'pi-us Eu-rym'e-
Fau'la Flo-ri-a'nns
Gal'ii-a Ge-nu'ti-a u
Gor'gi-as Jym-no/o-
Eu-no'mi-a don
Fau'na Flu-o'nia
Gal-ii-ca'nus Ge'or'gi-ca
Gor'go phi&ts,
Eu'no-mus Eu-rym'e-
Fau-na'H-a Fo'li-a
Gal-u-e'nus Geai'ific*
Gor'go-nes (Eng.) 9
Eu'nus nes
Fau'ni 3 Fon-te'i-a 5
Gal->i-na'ri-rt (Eng.)
Gor-go'ni-a Gy-nce'ce-as
Ku'ny-mos Eu-ryn'o-me
Fau'nus Fon-te'i-us
Gal-iipo-lis Ge-phy'ra
Gor-go'ni-us Gyn-a>co-
Eu'o-ras Eu-ryn'o-
Fa'no C'ap'i to
Gal-io-grap Ge-phyr'ae-i 3
Gor-goph'o- thoe'nas
Eu-pa'gi-um mus
Fau'sta For'mi-a;
ci-a Ge-ra'ni-a
ne Gyn'des
Eu-pa/a- Eu-ry'o-ne
F au-sti'na ' For-mi-a'-
Gal-io'nl-u* Ge-ran'thr?e
Gor-goph'o- Gy-the'unt
mon Ku'ry-pon
Fau'sti-tas num
Gal'lus Ge-res'ti-cus
ra
Eu-para-musEu-ryp'y-le
F«u'stu-lus For'nax
Ga-max'us Ger'gi-thuni9
Eu'pa-tor Eu-ryp'y-lus
Fau'tus For-tu'na
Ga-me'li-a Ger-go'bi-a
H
Feb'ru-a For'u-Ii
Gan-da-rrtx Ge'ri-on
Fec-i-a'les Fo'rum Ap'-
Gan'ga-ma Ger-ma'ni-a
HA'BIS Haj'mon
* Eumenes. — It is not a
Fel'gi-nas pi-i
Gan-gar'i-iias Ger-man'i-
Ha-dri-a- Ha;-mo'ni-a
little surprising that so ele-
gant a writer as Hughes
Fen-es-tel'la Fran'ci 3
Fe-ra'li-a Fre-gella 7
Gan'ges cus
Gan-nas'cus Ger-ma'ni-i 4
nop'o-lis Hse'mus
Ha-dri-a'nus Ha'ges
should, throughout the
w'lole tragedy ot the Siege
of Damascus, accent this
Fer-en-ta'- Fre-ge'n«
num, and Fren-ta'ni 3
l''e-ren'tumFrig'i-dus
Gan-y-me'de Ge-ron'thraj
Gan-y-me'desGer'rhtp
Gan'y-mede Ge'rus and
•a Hag'no
Ila-dri-at'i- Hag-nag'o-
cum ra
Fe re'tri-us Fris'i-i 4
(En".) Ger'ihus
syllable; especially as
there is not a single proper
name of more than two
Fe-ro'ni-a Fron'ti-nus
Fes-cen'ni-a Fron'to
Fes'tus Fru'si-no
Ga-ra.i?i-cum Ge'ry-on »
(?ar-a-man'tes and Ge-ry'-
Gar-a-man'tis o-nes
« Granicu*.— As Alex-
ander's passing the river
GramcK.r.is a common sub-
syllables in the Greek or
Latin languages of this ter-
Fi-bre'nus Fu-ci'na
Oar'a-mas Ges'sa-taj
Gar'a-tas Ges'sus
ject of history, poetry, and
painting, it is not wonder-
mination which has the
Ga-re'a-tae Ge'ta 9
ful that the common ear
•penultimate syllable long.
Lee has done the same in
* Euthnlia. — Labbe ob-
serves, that this word does
Ga-re-ath'y- Ge'tre
ra Ge-tu'li-a
should hive given into *
pronunciation of this word
the tragedy of Alerander,
not come from the muse
*Gar-ga'nus Gi-gan'tes
more agreeable to English
which would lead us to
Thalia, as some suppose,
analogy than the true
suppose there is something
but from the masculine
classical accent on the pe-
tia urally repugnant to an
Enthaliux, as Knlatia, Ku-
* Grtr^amis.
nultimate syllable. The
English ear in the antepe-
muniii, Biistolia, Eutro-
And high Gat-ffinut, en
went on tlie first syllabi*
nultimate accentuation of
/,!ti, Emmi'/ia, &c., which
th' Apulian plain,
is now so fixed, as to make
these w rds, and some-
are professedly accented on
Is mark'd by sailors from
the other pronunciation
thing agreeable in the pe-
the antepenultimate. — See
the distant main.
sivour of psdaiitry. — St«
nultimate.
Kule 19.
M'ilkie, Epignniad.
Androniw.i.
HEL
NIK
18
HIS
t.\L
lla-'.w'sus, & Hoc-a-le'si-a
He-lo'pi-a Her-me'af
Hi'e-rax Hip-pod'a-
His-pa'ni-a Hy'drus
Ha-le'sus Hec-a-me'de
He-lo'ti-a 10 Hei-me'i-as
Hi'e-ro mas
His-pel'lum Hy-dru'sa
llal'a-la Hec-a-tse'us
He-)o'ris Her'mes
Hi-e ro-ce'- Hip-pod'a-
His'po Hy'e-la
11 il-ev'o-ne »Hec'a-te, » or
lla'ies He'cate,
He-lo'rum, &Her-Tne-si'a-
He-lo'rus nix.
pi-a me
Hi-cr'o-cles Hip-po-da-
His-pul'la Hy-emp'sal
His-tas'pes Hy-et'lus
Ha-lo'si-us H (Eng.)
He'los Her-mi'as
Hi-i'-ro-du'- mi'a w
His't"rPa- Hv-ge'i-a
Ha'li-a Hec-a-te'si-a
He-lo'tre, amlHer-min'i-us
luin Hip-pod'a-
cu'vi-us Hy-gi-a'na
Ha-li-ac'moii u
Hc-lo'tes Hrr-mi'o-ne
Hi-er-om'ne- nuts
His-ti-a-'a Hy-gi'nus
<l Hec-a-tom-
Hcl-v?'tj-a lOHer-mi-o'ni-
mon Hip-pnii'i-cc
Ilis-ti-a>'o-tis Hy'ia, and
H.-.-li-ar'tus bo'i-a
Hel-ve'ti-i 1 $e
Hi-e-ro-ne'- Hip-pod'ro-
His-ti-aj'us Hy'l^is
SI Hec-a-tom-
Hel'vi-a Her-mi-on'i-
sos mus
His'tri-a Hv-lac'i-des
Hal-i-car- pho'ni-a
Hel'»i-i •* cusSi'nus
Hi-e-ron'i-ca Hip'po-la
Ilo'di-us Hy-lac'tor
nas'sus Hec-a-tom'-
Hol-vi'na Her-mip'nus
*> Hip-pol'o-
Hol'o-cron Hy-la;'us
lla-lic'y-a:"i po-lis
He/vi-u* Her-moc'ra-
Hi-er-on'i- chus -
Ho-ine'rus Hy'las
S4 Hec-a-tom-
Cin'na tes
cus Hip-pol'y-teS
Ho'mer, Hy'lax
Ha-li'e-ii py-los
Ile'ium Her-mo-do'-
Hi-e-ron'y- Hip-pol'y-tus
(Eng.) Hy'la;
Ha-lim'e-de Hec'ior
Hel'y-mus rus
mus Hin-pom'a-
Hom'o-le Hyl'i-as
Hal-ir-rho'ti- Hec'u-ba
H e-ma'thi-on Her-mog'e-
Hi-e-roph'i- chus
Ho-mo'le-a n yl-la'i-cus
us 10 He,|'i-la
He-mitivV-a nes
lus Hip-pom'e-
Hom-o-lip'- Hyl'lus
Hal-i-ther'- He-ilo:i'a-
He'mon Her-mo-la'us
Hi-e-ro-sol'- don
pus ny-lon'o-me
gus cum
He'mus Her-mo-ti'-
y-'.na Ilip-pom'e-
Hom-o-lo'i- ny-loph'a-gi
Ha'li-us 10 Hed'u-i 3
Hen'e-ti ' mus
Hi?-na'ti-a ne
des 3
Hal-i-zo'nes He-dym'e-les
Hc-ni'o-chi s Her-mun-
Vi'a Hip-pom'e-
Ho-mon-a- Hvm-e-naAn
He-gel'o-
He-pha?s'ti-a du'ri
Hi-la'ri-a nes
den'ses At Hy'men
Hal'mus thus
He-phaes'ti-i Her'mus
Ili-l.'i'ri-us Hip-po-mol'-
I!o-no'ri-us Hy-met'tus
Hal-my-des'- *He-ge'mon
4 H er-ni'ci 4
Ili-mel'la gi
Ho'ra Hy-pa-'pa
sus Heg-e-si'nus
He-phaes'ti-ol ! e'ro
Him'e-ra Ilip'pon, and
Ho-rac'i-ta; Hy-pa?'si-a 1 •
Ha-locVa-tes Heg-e-si'a-
He-]>hacs'ti- He-ro'des
Hi-mil'co Hip'po
*•* Hyp'a-nis
lla-lo'ne nax
on H He-ro-di-a'-
Hip-pajj'o- Hip-po'na
Ho'rse Hyp-a-ri'nus
I lal-on-ne'sus! le-ge'si-as
II«p-ta-pho'- nus21
ras Hip'po-nax
Hor-a-pollo Ily-pa'tes
Ha-lo'ti-a 10 Heg-e-sii'o-
nos Hp-rod'i-cus
Hi)>-pal'ci- Ilip-po-ni'a-
Ho-ra'ti-us Hyp'a-tlia
11 a lo'tus chus
Hep-tap'o-lis He-rod'o-tus
mus tes
Hor'ace, Hv-pe'nor
Hill us Heg-e-sin'o-
Hal-y-ae'tus us
I lep-tap'y-los Her'o-es
He'ra 7 He-ro'is
Ilip'pa-lus Hip-po'ni-
IJip par'chi-a um
(Eng.) Hy-pe-r?.'on
Hor'ci-as 10 Hy-per'bi-uj
Hal-y-at'tes Heg-e-sip'-
Her-a-cle'a He'ron
'" Hip-pon'o-us
Hor-mis'das ny-per-bo'-
Ha-lys pus
Her-a-cle'i-a He-rojih'i-'a
Hip-par'chusHip-pop'o-
ilo-ra'tus re-i
Ha-lyr'i-a 11 Heg-e-syp'y-
He-rac'le-um Hc-ropYi-lus
Hip-pa-ri'- des
Hor-ten"si-a Hy-pe're-a,!?:
Ham«a-dry'- le
He-rac-le-o'- He-ros'tra-
nus Hip-pos'tra-
1° lly-1'.e'ri-a
des Heg-e-sis'-
tes tus
Ilip-pa'ri-on tus
Hor-ti'num Hyjv-e-re'si-a
Ha-max'i-a tra-tus
Her-a-cli'dae Her'pa
Hip'pa-sus Hip-pot'a-des
Hor-tea 'si-us "
Ha-mil'car Heg-e-tor'i-
Iler-a-cli'dis Her'se
Hiji'pe-us Hip'po-tas.or
10 lly-pcr'i-'ics
Ham'mon des
Her-a-cli'des Hcr-s l'i-a
Hip'pi 3 Hip'po-tes
Hor-to'na H v-pe-ri'on
Han'ni-bal Hel'e-na7
*Her-a-cli'- Her'tha, and
Hip'pi-a Hip-polh'o-e
Ho'rus 29
Har'ca-lo He-le'ni-a
tus l-'er'ta
Hip'pi-as Hip-poth'o-
Hos-til'i-a llyp-enn-
Har-ma-te'- He-le'nor
He-rac'li-us Her'u-li
Hip'pis on
Hos-til'ius iies'tra
li-a Hel'e-nus
He-rae'a He-sa?'nus
Hip'pi-us Hip-poth-o-
Hun-ne-ri'- Ily-per'o-
Har'ma-tris He-ler'ni
He-rje'um He-si 'o-dus
llip'po on tis
cus chus
Har-mil'lus Lu'cus
Har-mo'di-usHe-li'a-des
Her-bes'sus H«'r;/e-orf,
Her-ce'i-us (Eng.) 10
Hip-pob'o- Hip-poth'o-
trs us
Hun-i'i'a-des Hy-pcr-och'-
H/a-cia'thi- i-aes
Har-ma'ni-a He-li-as'tre
Her-cu-la'ne-He-si'o-ne
Hip-pob'o- Hip-po'ti-on
a F1y-pha>'us
Har-mon'i- Hel-i-ca'on
um Hes-pe'ri-a
tus 11
Hy-a-rin'- Hyp'sa
des Hel'i-ce
Har'pa-gus Hel'i-con
Har-pal'i-ce Hel-i-co-ni'-
Har-pa'K-on a-des
Her'cu-les Hes-per'i-des
Her-cu'le-umHes'pe-ris
Her-cule-us Hes-por'i-tis
Her-cy'na Hcs'pe-rus
I'ip-po-cen- Hip-pu'ris
tau'ri Hip'pus
Hip-poc'o-on Hii)'si-des
Hip-po-cor- Hi ra
thus Hyp-se'a
Hy'a-des Hyp-se'nor
1 v-ag'nis Hyp-se'us
Hy'a-la !!yp-si-cra-
Har'pa-lus Hel-i-co'nis
Har-pal'y-ceSHe-li-o-do'-
Har-pall-cus rus 21
Her-cyn'i-a lles-ti'a
Her-do'ni-a Hes-ti'ae-a 1
Her-do'ni-us He'siis
ys'tes Hir-pi'ni 4
Hip-poc'ra- Hir-pi'nus,O.
tes Hir'ti-a 10
Hy-am'po-lis te'a
Hy-an'thes Hvji-sic'ra-
Hy-an'tis tes
H.ir'pa-sa iHe-li-o-ga-
Har'pa-sus ba'lus
He-ren'ni-us He-sych'i-a
Se-ne'ci-o He-svch'i-\is
Hip-po-cra'- Hir'ti-us Au'-
ti-aii lus
Hy-arTii-ta Hyp-sip'v-le
HV'PS I!vr-ca'n"i-a
llar-poc'ra- He-li-op'o-lis
He're-us He-tric'u-
•Hip-po-cre'-Hir'tus
Hybla Ilyr-ra'num
tei He-lis'son
He-ril'lus lum
ne 7 His'bon
*Hy-bre'as, Ma're
Har-py'i-oe 4 Heli-us
Her'i-lus He-tru'ri-a
or Hyb're- Hvr-ca'nus
ftf^i pies, He-lix'us
Her'ma-chus Heu-rip'pa
as Hyr'i-a
(Eng.) He-lan'i-ce
Ha-ru spex He-lan'i-cus
Has'dru-bal Hel-la-noc'-
Ha-te'ri-us ra-tes
Hau'sta-nes Hel'las
Hrb'do-le Hel'leS
He'beS llellen
He-be'sus Hel-le'nes
HeTmis He-le-spon'-
Ilpr'i ]A *.IB
Ilertruc Hex-ap'y-
Her-mae'a lum
Her-mae'um Hi-lier'ni-a,
Her-mag'o- and Hy-
ras ber'ni-a
Her-man-du'-Hi-bril'des
ri Hic-e-ta'on*»
Herrman'ni His-e-ta'on
Her-maph- Mi-ce'tas
* Hippncrene. — Nothing
c.-iii be better established
than the pronunciation of
this word in four syllables
according to its original ;
and yet such is the license
of English poets, that they
not unfrcquently contract
it to three. Tlius Cooke,
Hy-bri'a-nes Hy-ri'e-us, &
Hyc'ca-ra HjTe-us
Hy'da. and Hyr-nii'na
Hy'de llyr'ae-to, &
Hyd'a-ra HVr'ne-tlio
Hy-dar'nes Ilyr-nitl.'i-
H y-das'pes um
Hy'dra Hyr'ta-rus
Hv-dra'mi-a Hv>'i-an
riec a-ie tus
ro-di'tus Hi-emp'sal
Hcr-ma-the'- H:'e-ra
na Hi-e-vap'o-lis
Haiod. Thf>g. v. y.
And now to Hippocrene re-
30 Hys'pa
Hy-dra-o'tes Hvs'sus, and
Hy-droch'o- -"Hys'»; ">
* Hegemon. — Gouldman
and Hoiyoke accent this
word on the antepenulti-
sort the fair ;
Or, Olmius, to thy sacred
spring repair.
us Hv>i-!ns'jjes
Hv-dro-pho'- H ys-ti-e us
ha
*HeracUtus — Thisname
mate syllable, but LaTjbe
and Lempriere jnore clas-
sically on the penultimate.
i Helioxabalus. — This
of the weeping phi losopher
is so frequently" contrasted
with that of Demccritus,
the laughing philosopher,
And a late translator of
the Satires of Pcrsius ; —
Never did I so much as
I
I 'A I-a'der
1-ac'chus I-a-le'mus
word is accented on the
that we are apt to pro-
sip,
Or U'nf WlMl £7t'nnSL«f,o»lj! 0
penultimate syllable by
Labile and Lempriere ; but
in my opinion more agree-
ably to the general ear by
Ainsworth, Gouldman, and
Hoiyoke, on the antepen-
ultimate.
nounce both with the same
accent; but all our proso-
dists are uniform in giving
the antepenultimate acccn t
to the latter, and the pen-
ultimate to the former
word.
i WLL iwui ntppocrcnc a
lip.
This contraction is inex-
cusable, as it tends to em-
barrass pronunciation, and
lower the language of po-
etry.
* Hybreru. — Lompriera
accents this word on the
penultimate syllable; but
Labbp, OouHraan, ?.:«l
Holvoke. nuire properly
oil the antepenultimate
I DO
IPH
IPH
I-al'me-aus I-ca'ri-a
I-do'the-a Il-'iu'u-ls
I'no I fon
•Iph-J-me- Iph4-me-du'«
I-al'y-sus I-ca'ri-us
1-dri'e-us Il-li-'tur'sr*
tno'a 7 I-ota* *
di'a sa
I-am'be Ic'a-rus
I-du'be-da Il-lyr'i-Cii!:-,
I-no'pus J-o'nes
I-phim'e-don I-phiu'o-e *
I -am'bli-cus Ic'ci-us 10
I-du'me, andllly-ris, a:ul
I-no'us I-o'ni-a
I a;n'e-nus Ic'e-lo;
Id-u-me'a 11 lyr'i-a
I-no'res I-o'pas
I run'i-diE I-ce'ni
I-dy'i-a Il-lyr'i-cus
I«'su-bres l'o-pe, and
to a dispute about the au-
Ja-nic'u-lum IcVtas
Jen'i-»us Si'nus
In-ta-pher'- Jop'pa
thority of the written ac-
l-.t-ni'ra Ich'nae
Je'ra Il-lyr'i-us
nes I'o-phon
cents, the nature of the
I-au'the Ich-nu'sa
Je-ro'mus, Il'u-a ^
In-te-ram'na Jor-da'nes
acute, anci its connexion
I-an'the-a Ich-o-nu'phis
and Je-ron'-ll-lyr'gis
In-ter-ca'ti-a Jor-nan'des
with quantity, which ha»
J-i'uus Ich-4hy-oph'-
y-mus 1'lus
' 1 I'os
divided the learned of Eu-
I-ap-e-ron'i- a-gi 3
Je-ru'sa-lem I-man-u-en'-
In'u-us Jo-se'phus
rope for so many years-
ties Ich'thys
I-e'Ue ti-us 10
I-ny'cus Fla vi-us
till we have a clearer idea
*I-ap'e-tus I-cifi-us
If'*S_ f Im'a-us
I'o i Jo-vi-a'nus
of the nature of the human
I a'pis Ic-i-us 10
Ig-na'ti-us 10 Im'ba-rus
I-or/a-tes, Jo'vi-an,
voice, and the properties
I-a-pyg'i-a 1'cos
Il-a-i'ri Im-fcrac'i-des
and Jo-ba'- (Eng.)
of speaking sounds, which
I-a'pyx Ic-ti'nus
Il'ba Im-bras'i-det
tes Ipe-pse
alone can clear the difficul-
I-arjias I'da
Il-e-ca'o-nes, Im'bra-sus
I'o-bes Iph-i-a-nas'sa
ty — for the sake of uni-
I -archa*> andl-da/a
and Il-e-ca-Im'bre-us
Jo-cas'ta Iph'i-clus, or
formity, perhaps it were
Jar'chas I-dse'us
o-nen'ses Irr/bri-us
I-o-la'i-a Iph'i-cles
better to adopt she prevail-
I-ar'da-nus Id'a-lus
I-ler'da Im-briv'i-urc
I'o-las, or I-o-I-pnic'ra'tes
ing mode of pronouncing
I-as'i-des Id-an-thyr'-
Il'i-a, or Im'bros
la'us I-phid'a-mus
Greek proper names like
I-as'i-on u sue
Rhe'a In'a-chi 3, 18
I-o!'chos Iph-i-de-mi'a
the Latin, by making tha
and I-a'si- I-dar'nes
I-li'a-ci Lu- 1-na'chi-a
I'o-le 1, 8 »Iph-i-ge-ni'a
quantity of the penulti-
us 1'das
di 3 I-nach'i-dsE
mate syllable the regula-
Ja'son 1Id'e-a28
I-li'a-cus I-nach'i-des
tor of the accent, though
1'a-sus I-des'sa
I-li'a-des 1-na'chi-um
* Iphigenia. — The ante-
contrary to the genius of
1-be'ri I-dit-a-ri'sus
Il'i-as In'a-chus '*
penultimate syllable of
Gree's accentuation, which
I-be'ri-a Id'mon
Il'i-on I-nam'a-mcs
this word had' been iu
made the ultimate syllable
I-ba'rus I-dom'e-ne 8
I-4i'o-ne I-nar'i-me 8
quiet possession of the ac-
its regulator; and if this
11)i 3 I-dom-e-ne'-
Il-i-o'ne-us, Fn'a-rus
cent for more than a cen-
syllable was long, the ac-
I'bis us, or $ I-
Ib'y-cus dom'e-neus
or » I-li'o- In-ci-ta'tus
neus In-da-thyr'-
tury, till some Gjeeklings
of late have attempted to
cent could never rise high-
er than the penultimate.
I-lis'sus sus
I-iith-y-i'a In'di-a
place the stress on the pe-
nultimate in compliment
Perhaps in language, as in
laws, it is not of so much
* t/ipetus.
Il'i-um, or In-dig'e-tes
to the original 'Ifiyiviia.
importance that the rules
Son of lapetut, o'er-subtle
Il'i-on In-dig'e-ti 3
If we ask our innovators on
of either should be exactly
go
Il-lib'e-ris In'dus
what principles they pro-
right, as that they should
And glory in thy artful
nounce this word with the
be certainly and easily
theft below.
•ccent on the /, *Jy>v ans-
known; — so the object of
Cooke's Hesiod.
in three, with the penulti-
wer, because the . ""-arias
attention in the present
t Idea.— This word, as
mate syllable short in all;
for the diphthong u, v» m J.,
case is not so much what
a proper name, I find in
but that these words, when
being long, must necessari-
o.iaht to be done, as what
no lexicographer but Lem-
priere.
in verse, ha e generally th«
diphthong preserved iu one
ly have the accent on it;
but it may be replied, this
actually is done; and as
pedantry will always be
The English appellative,
syllable :
was indeed the case in the
more pardonable than illit-
signifying an image in the
Latin language, but not in
eracy, if we are in doubt
mind, has uniformly the
Eumenidum veluti de-
the Greek, where we find
about the prevalence of
accent on the second sylla-
mens videt agmina Pen- a thousand long penulti-
custom, it will always be
ble, as in the Greek Ilia, in
theus. Virg. ] mates without the accent.
safer to lean to the side of
opposition to the Latin,
| It is true, one of the
Greek or Laim, than of our
which we generally follow
in other cases, and which,
in this word, has the 'pe-
He observes, however,
that the Latin poets very
frequently dissolved the
vowels which composed a
diphthong in Greek, when
this diphthong was in the
own language.
* Iphimedia. — This and
the foregoing word have
nultimate short, in Ains-
worth, Labbe, and our best
diphthong into two syl-
lyblcs :
penultimate syllable, gene-
rally had an accent on it,
the accent on the same syl-
lable, but for what reason
prosodists ; and, according
but not invariably : for a
cannot be easily conceived.
to this analogy, idea ought
Naiadum coetu, tantum
long penultimate syllable
That Iphigenia, havfngthe
to have the accent on the
non Orpheus Hebrum
did not always attract the
diphthong ti in its penulti-
first syllable, and that syl-
Poenaque respectus, et
accent in Greek as it did in
mate syllable, should have
lable short, as the first of
nuncmanet Orpheus in te.
lLatin. An instance erf this
the accent on that syllable.
idiot. But when this word
among thousands, is that
though not the soundest,
is n proper name, as the
The bfst rule, there-
famous line of dactyles in
is at least a plausible rea-
daughter of Dardattus, I
should suppose it ought to
fall into the general analo-
fore, that can be given to
an English reader is, to
pronounce words of this
Homer's Odyssey, express-
ing the tumbling down of
;»v »one of Sisyphus :
son ; but why should our
prosodists give the samo
accent to the » in Iphime-
gy of pronouncing Greek
termination always with
dia f which, coming from
names, not by accent, but
the vowels separated, ex-
4 UTIS iTT'irie, ^ri^fSs yj-
ifi and u.t>>-<u, has no such
by quantity; and there-
cept an English poet, in
' \ - > * /
pretensions. If they say it
fore, that it ought to have
imitation of the Greeks,
Xjv'cro A<z«_; avxiitt;.
has the accent in the Greek
the accent on the first syl-
should preserve the diph-
Odyss. b. 11.
word, it may be answered.
lable ; and, according to
our own analogy, that syl-
thong: but, in the present
wora I should prefer /-
Another striking instaiice
this is not esteemed a suf-
ficient reason for placing
lable ought to be short, un-
less the penultimate in the
dotn'e-neui to 1-dom-e-ne'-
ut, whether in verse or
avpc-T in the twofirst ver-
te: of the Iliad :
the accent in Iphigenia ;
besides, it is giving up the
Greek is a diphthong, and
prose.
sheet-anchor of modern
then, according to general
* See Idemeneus.
41 - ,. ^ p\ > _ ,
prosodists, the quantity, as
usage, it ought to have the
•f Imuus. — All our pro-
aiKviy <•;* t *uia ll>iA»)-
the regulator of accent.
accent.
sodists make the penulti-
ttio-^j ' Ayi&jjt;
We know it was an axiom
t Idomeneut — The ter-
mate syllable of this word < O»>«aim/ % uue" 'A-
in Greek prosody, that
mination of nouns in eus
short, and consequently ae- , _ „ ,..s
when the last syllable was
was, among the ancients,
cent itonthe antepeniilt!- j Xx""' **y* tfvxti.
lone by nature, the accent
sometimes pronounced in
mate; but Milton, by a :
DOOM not rise beyond the
two syllables, and some-
liceiiie he was allowed to j * know it may be said
penultimate ; but we know
times, as a diphthong, in
take, accents it on the pe- f mat the written accents we
too that this axiom is aban-
one. Thus Labbe tells us,
nuitimate syllable : > 1«r on Greek words are of
doned in Demosthenes, Ar-
that Achilleus, Agyleun,
f u kind of authority, and
i.itfiteles, and a thousand
Phalateus, Apsimus, are
pronounced comBionly in
As when a Tultvreonlmo- j ttuit we ought always to
in bred. I pve accent to penultimate
other woids. The only
re:ison therefore that re-
four syllables, and Kereus,
Whose snowy ridge the I long quantity as the Latins
mains for the penultntiS.'s
Orpheni, Forfeits, Tertitt,
roving Tartar bonnd*. 1 lid. Not here to enter in-
accentuation of tob -vc^d
30
LAB LAP L1S
I-phin'o-us I-ta'lia 7
I'phis ;frt-?;/.(Eng.)
I-nkit'i-onll I-tal'i-ca
Iphn-ttis I-tal'i-tus
Iph'thi-mc It'a-lus
Lab-v-rin'- La-mi'a-
thus cum-bel'-
La-c*'na' lum
Lac-e-dar'- La'mi-ae
mon La'mi-as 52'-
Lac-e-dss li-us
Lap-i-thae'- Lau'ra
uin Lau're-a
Lap'i-tho Lau-ren-ta'-
Lap'i-thus li-a
La ra, or Lau-ren'tes-
La-ran'da a'gri
Le-on'ti-urn, LiTier
& Le-on- Lib'e-ra 29
ti'ni* Lib-e-rali-a
Le-on-to- Li-ber'tas
cei)h'a-lus Li-be'thra
Le-on'ton, orLi-beth'ri-
1 ra ' , 7 It'e-a 20
mo'ni-i La-ml'rus
La-ren'ti-a, Lau-ren'ti-a
Le-on-top'- des
I-re'ne I-tem'a-les
Ir-c-ru£'us Ith'a-ca
Lac-e-daem'o-Lam'pe-do
ues Lam'pe-ti-a
and Lau- '0
ren'ti-a 10 Lau-ren-ti'ni
o-lis Lib'i-ci, Li-
Le-on-tych'- be'ci-i
I-re'sua I-thob'a-lus
Lac-e-de-mo'- 10
La'res *
i-des Lil>i-ti'na
1'ris I-tlu)7me
ni-nns, Lam'pe-to, &
Lar'ga Lau-ren'tum
Le'os LiTx) »
I'rus Ith-o-ma'i-a
(Eng.) Lam'pe-do
Lar'gus Lau-ren'ti-us
Le-os'the-nes LrTion
Is'a-das I-tho'mus
La-cer'ta Lam'pe-us, &
La-n'des 10
Le-o-tych'i- Lib-o-phce-
I-sse'a 7 Ith-y-phallus
Lach'a-res Lam'pi-a
La-ri'na Lau'ri-on
des ni'ces
I-sse'us I-to'ni-a 7
La'ches 1,1! Lam'pon,
La-ri'num, Lau'ron
Lepl-da LiTjri *
Is'a-mus I-to'nus
•Lach'e-sis Lam'pos,
La-ris'sa La'us Pom-
Lep'i-dus Li-buKna
J-san'der It-u-ne'a
Lacl-das or Lam'-
La-ris'sus pe'i-a
Le-phyr1!- Li-bur'ni-a
I-sa'pis I-tu'rum
La-ci'des pus
La'ri-us" Lau'sus
um Li-bur'ni-de
I'sar, and Ify-lus
La-cin'i-a Lam-po-ne'a
Lar'nos Lau'ti-um 10
Le-pi'nus Li-bur'num
Is'a-ra It-y-rael 3
I'sar, and I'tys
La-ci»-i-en'- Lam-po'ni-a,
scs aud Lam-
La-ro'ni-a Le'a-des
Lar'ti-us Le-ae'i 3
Le-pon'ti-i 4 Ma're
Le'pre-os Li-bur'nus
I-see'us JuTja
La-cin'i-urn po'ni-um
Flo'rus Le-a^'aa
Le'pri-um Libs
I-sar'chus 12 Ju-dac'a
Lac'mon Lam-po'ni-us
Lar-to-laet'- Le-an'der
Lep'ti-nes Lib'y-a
I-sau'ri-a Ju-gan'tes
1-s.iu'ri-cus Ju-ga7ri-us
La'co 1 Lam-prid'i-
La-cob'ri-ga us ^1i-us
a-ni Le-an'dre
Lar'vse Le-an'dri-as
Lep'tis LibV-curn
Leri-a r Ma're
I-sau'rus Ju-gur'tha
Js-che'ui-a 12 Juli-a 7
La-co'ni-a, &Lam'pro-cles
La-con'i-caLam'prus
La-rym'na Le-ar'chus 12
La-rys'i-um Leb-a-de'a
Le-ri'na Lib'y-cus, Jc
Ler'na Li-biVtis
Is-cho-la'us Ju-li'a-des
Lac'ra-tes Lamp'sa-cus,
11 Leb'e-dus, or
Le'ro LiTjys
Is-com'a- Ju-li-a'nus
Lac'ri-nes and Lamp'-
Las'si-a 10 Leb'e-dos
Le'ros Li-bys'sa
chns Ju'li-an,
Lac-tan'ti-us sa-chum
Las'sus, or Le-be'na
LesTxw Lic'a-tes ,
Is-chop'o-lis (Eng.)
10 Lamp-te'ri-a
La'sus 'Le-bin'thos,
Leslms, or Li'cha
Is'ia 10 Ju'li-i *
Lac'ter Lampus
Las'the-nes & Le-byn'-
LesTxw Li'chas 1
Is-de-ger'- Ju-li-o-tna'-
Lac'y-des La'mus
Las-the'ni-a, thos
Les'ches 12 Li'ches
des gus
Lac'y-dus 24 Lam'y-rus
or *Las- Le-chje'um
Les-tryg'o- Li-cin'i-a
Is-i-do'rus Ju-li-op'o-Ks
La'rtas La-nas'sa
the-ni'a Lec'y-thus
nes Li-cin'i-us
Is'i-dore, Julis
La'de 8 Lan'ce-a 10
Lafa-gus 24
Le-ta'num Li-ci'nus
(Eng.) Juli-us Cae'-
La'des Lan'ci-a 10
Lat-e-ra'nus Le'da
Le-thac'us Li-cym'ni-us
I'sis sar
La'dori Lan'di-a
Plau'tus Le-dz'a
Le'the Li'de 18
Is'ma-ms, I-ulus
Lajlaps Lan'gi-a
La-te'ri-um Le'dus
Le'tus Li-ga'ri-us
and Is'ma- Ju'ni-a 7
Lte'li-a Lan-go-bar'-
La-ti-a'lis Le'gi-o
Le-va'na 7 Li-ge'a
ra Ju'no
La>-li-a'nus di 3
La-she-a'lis Le'i-tus 1
Leu'ca Li'ger
Is-me'ne 8 Ju-no-na'li-a
Ljeli-us, C. La-nu'vi-um
La-ti-a'ris Le'laps
Leu'cas Li'ger, or
I.>-me'ni-as Ju-no'nes
Lsi'na, and La-o-bo'tas,
La-she-afris Lel'e-ges
Leu-ca'tes Lig'e-ris
Is-men'i-des Ju-no'ni-a
Le-ce'na or Lab'o-
La-ti'ni3, 4 Le'lex
Leu-ca'si-on Lig'o-ras
Is-me'nus Ju-no'nis
Lse'ne-us tas
La-tiu'i-us Le-man'nus
1 ! Lig'u-res
I-soc'ra-tes Ju'pi-ter
Is'sa 7 Jus-ti'nis
La;'pa Mag*- La-oi/o-on
na La-od'a-mas
La-ti'nus Lem'nos
La'ti-um Le-mo'vi-i 3
Leu-cas'pis Li-gu'ri-a
Leu'ce Lig-u-ri'nus
Is'se 8 Ju-tur'na
La-er'tes La-o-da'mi-a
La'she-vm Lem'u-res
Leu'ci * Li^ns is
Ji'stis Ju-ve-nalis
La-er'ti-us SO
La'ti-us 10 Le-mu'ri-a,
Leu-cip'pe Lig'y-es
Is'ter, and Ju'ven-al,
Is'tnis (Eug.)
Di-og'e-nesLaodl-ce S
Lac-stryg'o- La-od-i-ce'a
Lafmus & Le-mu-
La-to'i-a ra'li-a
Leu-cip'pi- Li-gvr'gijm
des Li-lae'a
Ist'hmi-a Ju-veu'tas
nes La-od-i-ce'ne
La-to'us Le-nse'us
Leu-cip'pus Lil-y-bac'urn
lst"hmi-us Ju-ver'na,
Las'ta La-od'o-chus
La-to'is Len'tu-lus
Leu'co-la Li-ma;'a
Ir.-rnhus or Hi-ber'-
La;-to'ri-a La-og'o-nus
La-to'na Le'o
Leu'con Li-me'ni-a
Js-li-a;'o-ti3 ni-a
Lz'tus La-og'o-ras
La-top'o-lis Le-o-ca'di-a
Leu-co'ne 8 Lim'na;
li'tri-a Ix-ib'a-taj
Laj'vi 3 La-og'o-re 8
La'tre-us Le-o-co'ri-on
Leu-co'nes Lim-nse'um
Is-trop'o-lis Ix-i'on
Lawi'nus fLa-o-me'di-
Lau-do'ni-a Le-oc'ra-tes
Leu-con'o-e Liin-na-tid'-
I'siu Ix-i-on'i-dcs
La-ga'ri-a a 30
La-ver'na Le-od'a-mas
Leu-cop'e-tra i-a
L
La'gi-a 20 La-om'e-don
Lag'i-des La-om-e-
Lau-fel'Ia Le-od'o-cus
Lav-i-a'na7 Le-og'o-ras
Leu'co-;>hrysLi:n-ni'a-ce
Leu-cop'o-fis Lim-ni-o'taf
La-gin'i-a don'te-us
La-vin'i-a Le'on
Leu'cos Lim-no'ni-a
LA-AN'DSR La-bi'cH
La'gus La-om-e-
La-vinl-um, Le-o'na
Len-oo'si-a ULi'mon
La-ar'chus La-bi'cum
La-gu'sa don-ti'a-das
or La'vi- +Le-on'a-t«s
Leu<o-syr'i-iLin-ca'si-i »
LabViis La-bi-e'nus
I.ah'da Lab-i-ne'tus
La-gy'ra 6 La-on'o-me 8
La-i'a-des 3 La-on-o-me7-
num Le-on'i-das
* Lin'dus
Leu-coth'o-e, Lin'go-res
l.r.b-da'cus La-boTri-us
I.ab'da-lon La-bob'rigi 3
La'i-as ne
La'is La-oth'o-e 8
* Lasthenia. — All the
or Leu-co- Lir.-ter-na-
fte'a pains
LaT)e-o La-bo7 tas
, a-be'ri-us La-bra'de-us
La'i-us La'o-us
Lal'a-ge Lap'a-thus
prosodists I have consult-
ed, except Ains^?o^th, ac-
Leuc'tra Lin-tertmrn
Leuc'tnim Li'nira
"'
La-las'sis Laph'ri-a
Lam'a-chus La-phys'ti-
cent this word on the pen-
ultimate syllable ; and
Leu'cus Li'o-des
Leu-cy-a'ni- Lip'a-ra
is, that this syllable is long
in some of the best poets.
Be it so. Let those who have
more learning and leisure
La-mal'mon um
Lam-bra'ni 3 La-pid'e-i
Lam'brua La-pid'e-us
La'mi-a Lap'i-thae
though English analogy
would prefer the accent on
the antepenultimate, we
must necessarily yield to
as Lip'a-ris
Le-vi'nus Liph'lum
Leu-tychl- Lip-o-do'rus
des Li-<iuen'ri-a
than I have find it out. In
the interim, as this may
perhaps be a long one, I
such a decided superiority
of votes for the penulti-
mate in a word so little an-
Lex-o'vi-i l Lir-cae'us
Li-ba'ni-us Li-ri'o-pe
LiVa-nus Li'ris
* Lachetit.
must recur to my advice
Clot ho and Lachetis whose
glicised by use. See Iphi-
Lib-en-ti'na Li-sin'i-as
under the last word ;
boundless sway,
genia.
though Ainsworth has, in
"With Atropos both men
t Letmatui. — In the ac-
mv opinion, very properly
left the penultimate sylla-
and gods obev.
Cooke's Hesiod. Theog.
centuation of this word I
have followed Labbe and
it as formed from the La-
tin tea and natut, lion-
ble of both these words
ihort, yet those who affect
to be thought learned will
always find their account
v. 335.
1 Laomedia.
Evagore, Laomedia join,
And thou, Polymone, the
Lempriere : the former of
whom says — Quanquam de
hac voce amplius cogitan-
dum cum eruditis vins ex-
bom, and as the a in natvi
is long, no shadow of rea-
son can be given why it
should not have theaccent.
in departing as far as pos-
num'rous line.
istimen. — Till, then, these
This is the accentuation
sible from the analogy of
thc-ir own language in fa-
vour of Graok «"4 Latin.
Cooke's H&siod. Theoe.
v. 399.
See Iphignnui.
learned men have consider-
ed this word, I think we
may be allowed to consider
constantly given to it in
the play of Cymbeline.and
is in my opinion the best.
LUP
MAO
MAS
MEL
Lis'son Lo-toph'a-gi3
Lu-per'cus LyMe 8
Mag-on-tl- Mar'ci-us Sa-
Mas-sil'i-a 1 Meg'a-clea
Lis'sus Lo'us, and
Lu'pi-as, or Lyd'i-a
a-cum bi'nus
Mas-s/la Me-gacTi-dei
Lis'ta A'o-us
Lu'pi-a Lyd'i-as
Ma'gus Mar-co-man'-
Ma-su'ri-uj Me-gae'ra
Lit'a-brum Lu'a 7
Lu'pus Lyd'i-us
Ma-her'bal ui
Ma'tho Me-ga'le-as'
Lit'a-na Lu'ca
Lu-si-ta'ni-a Ly'dus
Ma'i-a Mar-cus
Ma-ti'e-ni Mee-a-le'si-a
Li-tav'i-cu« Lu'ca-gus.W
Lu-so'nes Lyg'da-mis,
Ma-jes'tas Mar'di 3
Ma-ti'nus 11
Li-ter'num Lu-ca'ui 3
Lus'tri-cus orLyg'da-
Ma-jo-ri-a'- Mar'di-a
Ma-tis'co Me-ga'li-a
Lith-o-bo'li-aLu-ca'ni-a
Lu-ta'ti-us mus
nus Mar-do'ni-us
Ma-tra'li-a Meg-a-lop'o-
Li'thrus Lu-ca'ni-us
Lu-te'ri-us Lyg'i-i 1
Ma-jor'ca Mar'dus
Ma-tro'na lis
Li-tu'bi-um Lu-ca'nus
Lu-te'ti-a 10 Ly'gus
Ma'la For- Mar-e-o'tis
ilat-ro-na'- Meg-a-me'-
Lit-y-er'sas Lu'can,
Lu-to'ri-us Ly-mi're
tu'na Mar-gin'i-a,
li-a de 8
Liv'i-a Dru- (Eng.)
Ly-ae'us Ly'max
Mal'a-cha and Mar-
Mat-ti'a-ci 3 Meg-a-ni'ri
sil'la Lu-ca'ri-a, or
LyTjas Lyn-ci'des
Ma-le'a gi-a'ni-a
Ma-tu'ta Meg-a-pen'-
Liv-i-ne'i-us Lu-ce'ri-a
Lyb'y-a, or Lyn-ces'tse
MalTio, or Mar-gi'tes
Ma'vors tnes
Li-vil'la Luc-ce'i-us
Li'vi-us Lu'ce-res
Ly-bis'sa Lyn-ces'tes
Lyca-bas Lyn-ces'ti-us
Ma'tho *Ma-ri'a, or
Ma'li-a Ma'ri-a
Ma-vor'ti-aiO»Meg'a-ra
Mau'ri 3 fMeg-a-re'us
Liv!/, (Eng.) Lu-ce'ri-a
Lyc-a-be'tus Lyn-ce'ns
Ma'li-i 4 Ma-ri'a-ba
Mau-ri-ta'- MegVris
Lo'bon Lu-ce'ti-us 10
Ly-cje'a Lyn'cus,
Malis Ma-ri-am'ne
ni-a 10 Me-gar'sua
Lo'ce-us 10 Lu-ci-a'nus
Ly-cas'um Lyn-cas'us,
Mal'le-a, or Ma-ri-a'rue
Mau'rus Me-gas'the-
Lo'cha Lu'i'i-nn,
Ly-caa'us or Lynx
Mal'li-a Fos'&»
Mau-ru'si-i nes
Lo'chi-as (Eng.)
Ly-cam'bes Lya-cidae
Mal'li-us Ma-ri-an-dy'-
4, 11 Me'ges
Lo'cri Lu'ci-t'er
I.y-ca'on Lyr'cae
Mal'los num
Mau-solus Me-gil'la
Lo'cris Lu-cil'i-us
Lyc-a-o'ni-a Lyr-cac'us
Mal'thi-nus Ma-ri-a'nus
Max-en'ti-us Me-sis'ta
Lo-cus'ta Lu-cil'la
Ly'cas L'yr-ce'a
Mal-va'na Ma-ri'ca
10 Me'fa Pom-
Lo-cu'ti-us 10i u-ci'na
Ly-cas'te Lyr'cus
Ma-ma' us Ma-ri'ci 3
Max-im-i-a'- po'ni-us
Lol'!i-a Pau- *Lu'ci-a
Ly-cas'tum Lyr-nes'sus
Ma-mer'cus Mar'i-cus
nus Me-gis'ti-a
li'na Lu'ci-us 10
Ly-cas'tus Ly-san'der
Ma-merthes Ma-ri'na
Max-i-mil-i- Me-Iae'nae
Lo-'.i-a'nus Lu-cre'ti-a 1*
Ly'ce S Ly-san'dra
Mam-er-ti'na Ma-ri'nus
a'na Me-lam'pus
Lol'li-us Lu-cret'i-lis
Lon-di'uuui Lu-cre'ti-us
Ly'ces Ly-sa'ni-as
Ly-ce/um Ly'se 8
Mam-er-ti'ni, Ma'ry-on
•», 3 Ma'ns
Max-i-mi'- Mel-anch-
nus la/ni
Lnn'don, 10
Lych-ni'des Ly-si'a-dcs
Ma-mil'i-a Ma-ris-sa
Mai'i-min Me-lan'chrus
(Eng.) Lu-cri'num
Lyc^-a 10 Lys-i-a-nas'sa
Ma-mil'i-i 4 War'i-sus
(Eng.) Mel'a-ne
Lou-ga-re'- Lu-cri'nus
Lyc'i-das Ly-«i'a-iiax
Ma-mil'i-us Ma-ri'ta
Max'i-mus Me-la'ne-us
nus Luc-ta'ti-us
Ly-cim'na Lys'i-asll
Mam-ma;'a Ma'ri-ua
Maz'a-ca Me-lan'i-da
Lon-gim'a- 10
Ly-cim'ni-a Lys'i-cles
Ma-mu'ri-us Mar'ma-cus
Ma-za'ces Me-la'ni-on
nus Lu-cul'le-a
Ly-cis'cus Ly-sid i-ce
Ma-mur'ra Mar-ma-ren'-
Ma-za/us Mel-a-nip'pa
Lon-gi'nus Lu-cul'lus
Lycl-us 10 Ly-sim'a-che
Ma-nas'ta-bal ses
Ma-za'res Wel-a-nip'pi-
Lon-go-bar'- Lu'cu-mo 20
Lyc-o-me'desLys-i-ma'-
Man-ci'n«s Mar-mart-ca
Maz'e-ras des
ill Lu'cus
20 chi-a
Man-da'ne 8 Mar-mar'i-
Ma-zi'ces andMel-a-nip'-
Lon'gu-la Lug-du'num
Ly'con Ly-sim'a-
Man-da'nes daj
Ma-zy'ges pus
Lon-gun'ti- Lu'iia 7
Ly-co'ne 8 chus
Man-ae'la Mar-ma'ri-on
Me-cha'ne-usMel-a-no'pus
ca Lu'pa
Lor'di 3 •j-J.u-per'cal
Lyc'o-phron Lys-i-mach'i-
Ly-cop'o-lis des
Mar.-do'ui- Ma'ro 1
us Mar-o-bud'u-
Me-coe'nas orMel-a-nos'y-
Ms-caynas ri
Lor'y-ma Lu-per-ca'li-
Lo'ds, or a
Ly-copus Lys-i-meli-a
Ly-co'ri-as Ly-sin'o-e8
Man'dro-cles i 3
Man-droc'li- Ma'ron
Me-cis'te-us Me-Ian'thi-i 4
Mec'ri-da Me-lan'thi-u*
Lo'tos Lu-per'ci 3
Ly-co'ris Ly-sip'pe
das Mar-o-ne'a
Me-de'a Me-lan'tho
Ly-cortnas Ly-sip'pus
Ly-cor'tas Ly'sis
Man'dron Mar-pe'si-a 10
Man-du'bi-i IJiIar-pei'sa
Me-des-i-cas'- Me-lan'thus
te 8 Me'las
* Lucia. — Labbe cries
Lyc-o-su'ra Ly-sis'tra-tus
Man-du-bra'- Mar-pe'sus
Me'di-a 7 Mel-e-a'ger
out loudly agaiust those
who accent this word on
Lyc'tus Ly-sith'o-us
Ly-cur'gi-desLy'so
ti-us Martes
Ma'nes Mar-iu'vi-
Me'di-as Mel-e-ag'ri-
Med'i-cus des
the penultimate, which, as
a Latin word ought to have
the accent on the antepen-
ultimate syllable. If once,
says he, we break through
Ly-cur'gus Ly-tes'a
Ly'cus Ly-za'ni-BS
M
Ma-ne'tho um, or
Ma'ni-a Mar-ru'bi-
Ma-nil'i-a um
Ma-nil'i-us Mars
Man'i-mi -t Mar'sa-la
Me-di-o-jna- Me'le-san-
tri'ces der
Me-di-o-ma- Me'les
tri'ci Mel'e-se
Me-di-ox'u- Mel-e-sig'e-
rules, why should we not
pronounce Amelia, Ana»-
Znsid, Cecilia, LeoctidiQf
Ma'car Mtc'li-us
Ma-ca're-us Macm-ac-te'-
Man'li-a Mar-sa;'us
Man'li-us Mar'se 8
Tor-qtia'tusMar'si 3
™ nes, or Met
Med-i-tri'na e-sig'e-na
Me-do'a-cus, Me'li-a
NataKa, A:c. with the ac-
Ma-ca'it-a ri-a
Man'nus Mar-sig'ni 3
or Me-du'a-Mel-i-boe'us
cent on the penultimate,
likewise ? — This ought to
Mac'a-ris Mocn'a-des
Ma-ced'rrus Marn'a-la
Man-sue'tus Mar-sy a-ba
Man-ti-ne'a Mar'tha
' cus Mel-i-cer'ta
Med-o-bith'- Mel-i-gu'nis
be a warning against our
pronouncing the West-In-
dia Island St. Lu'cia, as we
sometimes hear it — St. .Lw-
Mac'e-do Ma:n'a-lus
Mac-e-do'ni- Mac'ni-us
a M<-c'non
Mac-e-don'i- Mas-o'ni-a
Man-ti-ne'us Mar'ti-a W
Man'ti-us 10 Mar'she-a
Man'to Mar-ti-a'lis
Man'tu-a Mar'tial
J'-ni Me-li'na
Me-dob'ri-ga Me-li'sa 7
Me'don Me-Iis'sa
Me-dou'ti-as Me-lis'sus
ci'a.
f Lupercal, — This word
is so little interwoven with
cus 30 Mas-on'i-da;
Mn-cel'la Maj-on'i-
Ma'ccr -•E- des
Mar-a-can'da (Eng.)
Mar'a-tha M\r-ti-a'nus
Mar'a'thon Mar-ti'na
!» Mel'i-ta
Med-u-a'na Mel'i-te
Med-ul-li'na Mel-i-te'ne
our language, that it ought
to have its true Latin ac-
mvl'i-ns Mne'o-nis
Ma-chac'ra Mse-o'tas
Mar'a-thos Mar-tin-i-a'-
Mar-cel'la nus
Me'dus Mel'i-tus, Ac-
Me-du'sa cuserofSo-
cent on the penultimate
Ma-chari'i- MiC-o'tis Pa'-
Mar-cel-li'- Mar'ti-us 10
Me-gab'i-zi crates
syllable. But wherever the
das Ins
1:113, Am- Wa-rul'lus
Meg-a-by'zusMe'li-us
antepenultimate accent is
Ma-cha'on Ma/si-a Syl'-
mi-a'nus Mas-as-syl'-i-i
adopted iu verse, as in
Ma'cra va H
Mar-cel'lns 4
Shakspeare's Julius Caesar,
where Antony says,
You all did see that on the
Lit'percal
I thrice presented him a
kingly crown.—
Mac-ri-a'rrus Mac'vi-a
Ma-cri'mis, Mx'vi-us
M. Ma'gas
Ma'cro Ma-gel'la
Ma-croTli-i 4 Mast'e-tx
Ma-cro'bi-us Ma'gi
Mac'ro-cTiir Ma'gi-us
Mar'ci-a 10 Mas-i-nis'sa
Mar-ci-a'na Mas'sa
Marshe'a-na Mas'sa-ga
Mar^ci-a- Mas-sag'e-tse
nop'o-lis Mas-sa;na 7
Mar-ei-a'nus Mas-a'ni a
Mas'si-cus
* Megara. — I have in
this word followed Labbe,
Ainsworth, Gouklman, and
Holyoke, by adopting the
antepenultimate accent in
opposition to Lemprlere,
who accents the penulti-
we ought to preserve it.
Mac-cro'nes MagTla
mate syllable.
Mr. Barry, the actor, who
was informed by some
Mac-to'ri-um Grifc'ci-a
Mac-u-lo'nusMag-nen'ti-
» Maria*— This word,
t Mcgareus. — Labbe pro-
noxinces this word in four
scholar of the Latin pro-
Ma-de'tes us 10
says Labbe, derived from
syllables, when a noun sub-
nunciation of this word,
Mad'y-cs Mag'nes
the Hebrew, lias the accent
stantive; but Ainsworth,
adopted it in this place,
and pronounced it Luper'-
cal, which grated every
car that heard him.
Ma-des'tes Mag-ne'si-
Mae-an'der all
MiB-an'dri-a Ma'go
Mx-ce'nas Ma'gon
on the second syllable ; but
when a Latin word, the fe-
minine of Murius, it has
the accent on the first.
marks it as a trisyllable,
when a proper name j ant
in my opinion incorrectly
— See Idomeneut,
MID
MUM
NAB
NEU
Mel-ix an'- Merm'ns-dae
Mi-la'ni-on Mne'ster
Mu-na'ti-us MyleorMy'-
Na-dag'a-ra Ne-al'ces
drus Mer'o-e 8
Mi-le'si-i 4, ''Mnes'the-us
10 fas
Nse'ni-a • Ne-al'i-ces
*Me-!ob'o-sis Mer'o-pe 8
Mi-le'si-us 10 13
Mun'da My-lit'ta
Na/vi-us Ne-an'thes
Me'lon Me'rops
Me'los Me'ros
Mi-le'ti-a 10 Mnes'ti-a
Mi-le'ti-um Mnes'tra
Mu-ni'tus Myn'dus
Mu-nych'i-se My'nes
Na-v'o-lus Ne-ap'o-lis
Na-har'va-liS Xe-arch us
Mel'pi-a Mer'u-Ia
10 Mne'vis
4 A; yu'i-ae 4
Nai'a-des Ne-bro'des
Mel-pom'e- Me-sab'a-tes
Mi-le'tus Mo-a-pher'-
Mu-ra'na My-o'ni-a
Na'is Ne-broph'o-
ne 7 Me-sa'bi-us
Mil'i-as nes
Mur'cus Myr-ci'nus
Na-pe'it nos
Mo-mac'e-ni Me-sa'pi-a
Mil'i-chusl2 Mo'di-a
Mu-re'tus My-ri'cus
Naph'i-lus Nt-'chos
Mem'mi-a Me-sau'bi-us
Mi-li'nu* Mo?'ci-a5, 10
Mur-gan'ti-a t^5 y-ri'nus
Nar Nec-ta-ne'-
Mem'mi-us Me-sem'bri-a
Mil-i-o'ni-a Mos'nus
I" My-ri'na
Nar'bo bu3, & \tx-
Mem'non Me-se'ne
Mi'lo Mce-rag'e-tes
Mur-rhe'niis Myrt-ce
Nar-bo-nen'- tan'a-b?s
Mem'phis Mes-o-me'des
Mem-phi'tis Mes-o-po-ta'-
Me'ua, or mi-a
Mi-lo'ni-us Woe'ris
Mil-ti'a-des Moe'di
Mil'to Mce'on
Mu '; i a lu M yr-mec'i-
Mus des
Mu'sa An- Myr-mid'o-
sis Ne-cysl-a 10
Nar-cse'us Ke'is
Nar-cis'sus Nole-us
Me'nes Mes-sala
Mil'vi-us Mce-on'i-des
to-ni'us ies
Nar'ga-ra Ne'lo
Me-nal'cas Mes-sa-li'na3
Mil'y-as Mce'ra
Mu'sa; My-ro'nus
Na-ns'ci 3 Ne-ms'a
M e-nal'ci-dasMes-sa-li'nus
Mi-mal'lo- Moe'si-a
Mu-sa;'us My-ro-ni-a'-
Nar'ni-a, or Ne-me'a
Men-a-lip'pe Mes-sa'na 1
nes Mo-gy'ni
Mu-so'ni-us nus
Nar'na Ne-me-si-a'-
Blen-a-lip- Mes-sa'pi-a
Mi'mas Mo-fe'i-a
Ru'fus My-ron'i-des
Nar-the'cis nus 21
pus Mes'sa-tis
Mim-ner'musMo-li'o-ne
Mus-te'la Myr'rha
Na-ryc/i-a '0 Nem'e-sis
Me-nan'der Mes'se 3
Min'ci-us 10 Molo
Mu-thul'lus Myr'si-lus
Nar'ses Ne-me'si-us
Me-na'pi-i 4 Mes-se'is 5
Min'da-rus Mo-!ce'is
Mu'ti-a 10 Myr'ci-nus, a
Nas-a-mo'nes 10
Men'a-pis Mes-se'ne, or
Mi-ne'i-des Mo-Ior'chus
Mu-til'i-a city.
Nas'ci-o, or Nem-o-ra'li-s
Me'nas Mes-se'na
Mi-ner'va 12
Mu'ti-na M^y-stal'i-des
Na'ti-o Ncm'e-tes
Meii-che'res Mes-se'ni-a
Miu-ar-vali- Mo-los'si 3
Mu-ti'nes Myr'sus
Nas'i-ca Ne-me'us
12 Mes'tor
a Mo-los'si-a,
Mu-ti'nus, orMyr'te-a Ve-
Na-sid-i-e'- *Ne-o-bu'ie
Men'des Me-sula
Min'i-o or Mo-los'-
Mu-tu'uus nus
nus Ne-o-cars-a-
Me-nec'ies Met'a-bus
Min-nce'i 3 sjs
Mu'ti-us 10 Myr-te'a, a
Na-sid'i-us re'a
Men-e-cli'des Met-a-gif-
Mi-no'a Mo-los'sus
Mu-tus'cae city.
Na'so Ne-ocli'a-bi*
Me-nec'ra-tes ni-a
Mi-no'is Mol-pa'cii-a
My-ag'rus, orMyr ti-lus
Nas'sus, or Ne'o-cles
M«n-e-de'- Mct-a-ni'ra
Mi'nos Mol'pus
My'o^les Myr-to'um
Na'sus Ne-og'e-nes
mus Met-a-pon'-
Min-o-tau'- Mo'lus
*Myc'a-le Ma're
Nas'u-a '0 Ne-om'o-ris
Me-ne/e-tas turn
rus Mo-lyc'ri-on
M yc-a-les'sus Myr-tun'ti-
Na-ta'li-a Ne'on
Men-e^-la'i-a Met-a-pon'-
Min'the Mo-mem'-
M y-ce'n;e um 10
Na-ta'lis f>. e-on-ti'chos
Men-e-la'us tus
Min-tur'naj phis
Myc-e-ri'nus Myr-tu'sa
Nafta 12
Me-ne'ni-us Me-tau'rus
A-grip'pa Me-tella
Mi-nu'ti-a 10 Mo'mus
Mi-nu'ti-us't'Mo'na
Myc-y-ber'naMy-scel'lus
Myc'i-thus Myr'tis
Na'va Ne-op-tol'e-
Nau'co-lus mus
Men'e-phron Me-tel'ii 3
Min'y-a; 6 Mo-na»'ses
M/con Myr'ta-le
Nau'cles fNe'o-ns
Me'nes Me-thar'ma
Min'y-as Mo-ne'sus
*Mvc'o-ne Myr-to'us
Nau'cra-tes Ne'pe
Me-ncs'the- Me-thi'on 29
us, or Me-tho'di-us
Min'y-cus Mone'ta
Mi-ny'i-a6 Mon'i-ma
My'don Mys'tes
M y-ec'pho- M ys'i-a 1 1
Nau'cra-tis Ne-phali-a
Na'vi-us Ac'-N'eph'e-le
Me-nes'the-Me-tho'ne S
Min'y-tus Mon'i-mus
ris My-so-ma-
ti-us Neph-er-i'tei
us 13 Me-thyd'ri-
Mir'a-ccs Mon'o-dus
My-e'nus ced'o-nes
Nau'Io-chus Ne^hus
Me-nes'teus, um
Mi-se'num Mo-nce'cus
Myg'don My'son
Nau-pac'tus, Ne'pi-a
or Mc-nes- Me-thym'na
Mi-se'nus Mo-no'le-us
Myg-do'ni-a Myth'e-cus
or Nau- Ne'pos
the! Por- Me-ti-a-du'sa
Mi-sith'e-us Mo-noph'i-
>'yg'do-nus Myt-i-le'ne
pac'tum Ne-po-ti-a'
tus 21
Mi'thras lus
My-las'sa My'us
Nau'pli-a nus 12
Me-nes'thi-usM e-ti l'i-a
Mith-ra-da'- Mou-ta'nus
My'les
Nau'pli-us Nep'thys
Men'e-tas Me-til'i-i 4
tes Mo-noph'a-
Nau'ra Nep-tu ni-a
Me-nip'pa Me-til'i-us
Mi-thre'nes ge
N
Nau-sic'a-se Nep-tu'ni-
Me-ni p'pi-desM e-ti'o-chus
Me-nip'pus Me'ti-on u
Mith-ii-da'- Mon'y-chus
tes c, 12
N A B-A !!-ZA'- Nab-a-thae'a
Nau'si-cles um
Nau-sim'e- Nep-tu'ni-u»
Me'ni-us Me'tis
Mith-ri-da'tisMon'y-mus
KSS Na'bis
nes Tx'ep-tu'nus
Men'nis/ Me-tis'cus
Mith-ro-bar- Mo'phis
Nau-sith'o-e Neptune,
Me-nod o- Me ti-us 10
tus Me-toe'ci-a 10
Mf-nce'ce-us Me'ton
Mit-y-le'ne, Mop-so'pi-a
and Mit-y- Mop'sus
Holyoke. Labbe, indeed,
Nau-sith'o- (Eng.)
us Ne-re i-des
Nau'tes 1" Kc're-ids,
10 Met'o-ps 8
Me nce'tes Me'tra
le'na; Mor-gan'ti-
Mi'tys um 10
says ut volueris ; and I
shall certainly avail myself
Nax'os (Eng.)
Ne-se'ra Ne-rel-us
Me-nce'ti-us Me-tro'bi-us
10 Met'ro-cles
Menon Met-ro-do -
Miz-ayi Mor'i-ni
M na-sal'cesi 3 Jior-i-tas'gus
of this permission to place
the accent on the penulti-
mate ; for, when this syl-
Ne-a?'thus |.\e're-us
Me-noph'i- rus
lus Me-troph'a-
Men'ta, or nes
Min'the Me-trop'o-lis
Mcn'tes Met'ti-us 10
Men-tis'sa Me-va'ni-a
Mna'si-asil Mor'phe-us
Mnas'i-c!es Mors
Mna-sip'pi- "Mo'rys
das Mo'sa
Mna-sip'pus Mos^chi 3, 12
Mna-sith'e- Mos'chi-on
us Mos'chus
lable ends with u, the
English have a strong pro-
pensity to place the accent
on it, even in opposition
to etymology, as in the
word Arbutus.
* Mycale and Mycone. —
* ffecbule.— Labbe, Ains-
worth, Gouldman, Little-
ton, and Holyoke, gi , e this
word the penultimate ac-
cent, and therefore I have
preferred it to the ante-
Men'lor Me-zen'ti-us
Mc-nyHus 10
AI/ra Mi-ce'a
Mc-'ra, or Mi-cip'sa
Mce'ra Mic'y-thus 24
Mer-cu'ri-us Mi'das
Herlcu->-y, Mi-de'a of
(Eng.) Argos
Me-ri o-nes Mid'e-a of
i\Jerm'me-rus Bceotia
Mna'sonis Mo-sel'la
Mna-syrt- Mo'ses
um Mo-sychlus
Mne'mon Mos-y-nas'ci 3
Mne-mos'y- Mo-tho'ne
ne ' Mo-ty/a
v ne-sar'chus Mu-ci-a'nus
Mne-sid'a- Mu'cius w>
mus Mu'crae
Mnes-i-la'us Mul'ci-ber
Mne-sim'a- *Mu-lu'cha
An English ear seems to
have a strong predilection
for the penultimate accent
on these words ; but all
our prosodists accent them
on the antepenultimate.
The ssme may be observed
of Mutina. — See note on
O.'-yus.
t Myrimis. — Labbe is
the only prosodist I have
met with who accents this
penultimate accent given
it by Lempriere ; not only
from the number of autho-
rities in its favour, but
from its being more agree-
able to analogy,
t fJeorls.— The authori-
ties are nearly equally bal-
anced between the penul-
timate and antepenulti-
mate accent; and therefore
I may say, as Labbe some-
Mne-sim'a " P n
word on the antepenulti-
times does, tit volueris;
* Melobosig. — In this
chus '" M ' '
mate syllable ; and as this
but I am inclined rather to
word I have given the pre-
us m um nn-us
accentuation is so contrary
the antepenultimate accent
ference to the antepenulti-
innte accent, with Labbe,
» Mulucha — This word
to analogy, I have follow-
ed Lempriere, Ainsworth,
as more agreeable to anal-
ogy, though I think the
Gouldman, and Ho'yoke;
is accented on the antepen-
Gouldman, and Holyoke,
penultimate more agree-
though the penultimate,
ultimate syllable by Lab-
with ths accent on the pe-
able to the ear.
ivhich Lempriere has a-
oe, Lempriere, and A ins-
nultimate. — See the word
t fiereus.
rionted, is more agreeable
worth ; and on the penul-
in the Terminational Vo-
Old Nereui to the sea was
-to ihe ear.
timate by Gouldman and
cabulary,
bo'n of earth—
1S7UM
CEA
"23
ONO
OXY
Ne-ri'ne Nic-o te'li-a
Nu'ine-nss Nyc'ti-mus
CE-an'thre, O-Ie'a-ros, or
On-o-mas- O-rith-y-i'a
Nert-phus Ni-cot'e-les
Nu-me'ni-a, Nym-bas'um
and CE-an'- Ol'i-ros 20
torl-des O-rit'i-as 10
Ner'i-tos Ni'gcr
or \'e-o- Nym'phae
thi-a O-le'a-trum
On-o-mas' tus O-ri-un'dus
Ne'ri-us Ni-gid'i-us
me'ni-a Nymphs,
CE'ax 5 O'len
On'o-phas Or'me-nus 2'
NVro Fig'u-Ius
r\'u-me'ni-us (Eng.)
CE-ba'li-a Ol'e-nus, or
On'o-phis Or'ne-a
Ne-ro'ni-a Ni-gri'ta;
Nu-me-ri-a'- Nym-pha:'-
CEb'a-lus 5 Ol'e-num20
On---san'der Or'nc-us
Ner-to-brig'- Ni'le-us
i-a Ni'lus
nus um
Nu-me'ri-us Nym-pha/us
fEb'a-ros Ol'ea-sys
(E-cha'li-a Ol-i-gyytis
On'y-thes Or-ni'thon
O-pa'li-a OKni-tus
Ner'va Coc- Nin'ni-us.
*N'u-mi'cus Nym-phid'i-
CK-cli'des O-liiVthus
O-phe'las Or-nos'p»des
ce'i-us Nin'i-as
Nu'mi-da us
(Ec'le-us Ol-i-tin'gi
O-phel'tes Or-nyt'i-onii
Ner'vi-i 3 Ni'nus
Nu-mid'i-a Nym'phis
(Ec-u-me'ni- Olli-us
O-phen'sis O-robi-a
Ner'u-lum Nin'y-as
Nu-mid'i-us Nyvn-pho-
us Ol-lov'i-co
O'phi-a O-ro'des
Ne-src'a Ni'o-be
Ne-sim'a- Ni-phae'us
Nu'mi-tor do'rus
Nu-mi-to'ri- Nym-pho-
OEd-i-po'di-a Ol'mi-us
(Ed'i-pus j O lin'i-a:
O-phi'on 29 O-ra'tes
O-phi-o'ne- O-rom'e-ilon
chus 12 Ni-pha'tes
us lep'tes
QE'me 8 Ol-o-phyx'us
us O-ron'tas
Ne-si-o'pe Ni'phe
Ne-xhe-o'pe Ni^e-us
Ne-so'pe Ni'sa
Nu-mo'ni-tis Nym'phon
Nun-co're-us Nyp'si-us
INun'di-na IV y sa, or
OS-nan'thes 0-lym'pe-um
(E'ne O-lym'pi-a
(E'ne-a O-lym'pi-as
O-phi-u'cus O-ron'tcs
O-phi-u'sa Or-o-pher'nei
Op'i-ci O-ro'pus
Ne'sis Ni-src'a
Nun'di-nae Nys'sa
Q^'ne-us O-lym-pi-a-
O-pig'e-na O-ro'si-us U
Nes'sus Ni-se'i-a
Nur's.-c Ny-sa;'us
CE-ni'dcs do'rus
O'pis *Or'phe-us
Nes'to-cles Ni-saye
Nur'sci-a Ny'sas
CEn'o-e O-lym-pi-os'-
O-pil'i-us Or-sed'i-ce
Nes'tor Nis'i-bis
Nur'si-a 13 Ny-se'i-us
CE-nom'a-\is the-nes
Op'i-ter Or-se'is
Nes-to'ri-us Ni'sus
Nu'tri-a Ny-si'a-des
CE'non O-lym'pi-us
O-pim'i-us Or-sillus
Nes'tus, or Ni-sy'roj
Nyc-te'is Ny-sig'e na
CE-no'na7 O-lym'pus
Op-i-ter-gi'niOr-sil'o-dius
Nes'sus Ni-te'tis
Nyc-te'li-us Ny-grrOi
fE-no'ne 8 O!-ym-pu'sa
O-pi'tes Or'si-nes -J
Ne'tum Ni-to'cris
Nyc'te-us Nys'sa
(E-no'pi-a O-lyn'lhus
Op'pi-a Or-sip'pus
Ne'u-ri Nit'ri-a
Nyc-tim'c-ne
(E-uon'i-des O-l/ras
Op-pi-a'nus Or'ta-lus, M.
Ni-cse'a No'as
tE-no pi-on O-ly'zon
Op-pi'di-us Or-thag'o-raj
Ni-cag'o-ras Noc'mon
O
tEn'o-tri 3 O-ma'ri-us
Oj)'pi-us Or'the 8
Ni-can'der Noc-ti-lu'ca
OE-no'tri-a Om'bi »
O pus Or-thae'a
Ni-ca'nor No'Ia
O'A.RUS Oc-ta-cil'li-us
CEn'o-trus OmTiri '
Op-ta'tus Or'thi-a •», 7
Ni-car'chus Nom-en-ta'-
O-ar'ses Oc-ta'vi-a
(E-nu'saj Om'o-Ie
Op'ti-mus Or'thrus
Nic-ar-thi'- nus
O'a-sis Oc-ta-vi-a'-
OE'o-nus Om-o-pha'gi-
O ra 7 Or-tyg'i-a
des Nom'o-des
O-ax'es nus
(Er'o-e 8 a
O rac'u-lum Or-tyg'i-us
Ni-ca'toi No'mae
O-ax'us Oc-'ta'vi-us
(E'ta 7 tOm'pha-le
O-ras'a O'rus
Ni'ce 8 No-men'tum
Ob-ul-tro'ni- Oc-tol'o-
(Et'y-Jus, or Om'pha-los
Or'a-sus O-ry-an'der
Nic-e-pho'ri- No'mi-i 3
tis phuin
CEt'y-lum O-na;'um, or
Or-belus tO-r/us
um No'mi-us
O-cale-a, or O-cy'a-lus
O-fel'lus O-ayne-um
Or-bil'i-us O'ryx
Nic-e-pho'ri- * No-na'cris
O-ca'li-a O-cyp'e-te 8
O'fi 3 O-na'ms
Or-bo'na Os-cho-phy* '
us No'ni-us
tO-ce'a-na O-cyr'o-e
Og-dol'a-pis O-nas'i-mus
Or'ca-des ri-a
Ni-ceph'o- Non'ni-us
O-ce-an'i-dei,Od-e-na'tus
Og-do'rus O-na'tas
Or-cha'lis Os'ci 3
rus No'pia, or
and O-ce- O-des'sus
Og'mi-us On-ches'tus
Or'cha-mus Os'ci-us 10
Nic-er-a'tus Cno'pi-a
an-it'i-des O-di'nus
Og'o-a 7 O-nc'i-on
Or-chom'e- Os'cus
Ni-ce'tas No'ra
O-ce'a-nus O-di'tes
O-gul'ni-a O-nes'i-mus
nus, or O-sin'i-us
Nic-e-te'ri-a No'rax
O-ce'i-a Od-o-a'cer
*Og'y-ges On-e-sip'pus
Or-chom'e-O-si'ris
Nic'i-a 10 NorTja
O-cellus Od-o-man'ti
O-gyg'i-a O-ne'si-us 10
num O-sis'mi-i
Nic'i-as '0 Nor-ba'-
O-ce'lum Od'o-nes1
Ory-ris On-e-torl-
Or'cus Os'pha-gus
Ni-cip'pe nus, C.
O'cha Od'rv-sae
O-icle-us des
Or-cyn'i-a Os-rho-e'ne
Ni-cip'pus Norf-cum
Ni'co Nor-thip'pus
O-che'si-us HO-dyVse-a
O'chus *2 Ofys-sey
O-il'e-us On-e-sic'ri-
O-i-li'des tus
Or-des'sus Os'sa
O-re'a-des Os-te-o'des
Ni-coch'a- Nor'ti-a 10
Oc'nus (En?.)
Ol'a-ne 8 O'ni-um
ffre-adg, Os'ti-a
res No'thus
O-cric'u-lum JCE-ag'a-rus,
O-la'nus On'o-ba 10
(Eng.) Os-to'ri-us
Nic'o-cles No'nus
O-crid'i-on ana CE'a-
OlT)a, or Ol' "O-noch'o-nus
O're-as Os-trog'o-thi
Ni-coc'ra-tes No'ti-um 10
O-cris'i-a gejc 5
bus On-o-mac'ri-
O-res'te Os-y-man'dy-
OlT)i-a tus
O-res'tes as
N ic-o-de'musNo-va'tus
* Nuniicus.
Ol'bi-us On-o-mar'-
O-res'te-um Ot-a-cil'i-us
Nic-o-do'rus No-vi-o-du'-
Our fleet Apollo sends
Ol-chin'i-um chus
Or-es-ti'das O-ta'nes
Ni-cod'ro- num
Where Tuscan Tiber rolls
Or'e-ta; Oth'ma-nss
mus No-vi-oni'a-
with rapid force,
Or-e-ta'ni 3 O'tho, M.
Nic-o-la'us gum
Ni-com'a-chaNo'vi-us
And where Numicus opes
his holy source.
" VgVges- — This word is
by all our prosodists ac-
Or-e-til'i-a Sal'vi-<is
O-re'um Oth-ry-o'ne-
Ni-com'a- Priscus
chus Non'nus
Nic-o-me'des .Vox
Nic-o-me'di- Nu-ce'ri-a
Dtyden.
f NuMina. — Lempriere
places the accent on the
penultimate syllable of this
cented on the first syllable,
and consequently it must
sound exactly as if written
Odd'je-jes; and this, how-
Or'ga, or us
Or'gas O'thrys
Or-ges'sum O'tre-us
Or-get'o-rix O-tri'a-des
a Nu-ith'o-nes
word; but Labbe, Gould-
ever odd to an English
Or'gi-a O-trce'da
Ni'con Nu'ma Pom-
Ni-co'ni-a pil'i-us
man, and HoJyoke, on the
antepenultimate. Ains-
ear, rnjist be complied
with.
O-rib'a-sus O'tus
Or'i-cum, or O'tys
Nic'o-phron Nu-man'na
Ni-cop'o-lis Nu-man'ti-a
Ni-cros'tra-taN'u-man-ti'na
Ni-cros'tra- Nu-ma'nus
worth marks it in the same
manner among the appel-
latives, nor can there be
any doubt of its propriety.
t Omphale.— The accen-
tuation which a mere Eng-
lish speaker would give to
this word was experienced
Ort-cus O-vid'i-us
O'ri-ens Ov'id, (Eng.)
Or'i-gen O-vin'i-a
O-ri'go O-vin'i-us
tus Uem'u-'us
f Oceana. — So prone are
a few years ago by a pan-
O-ri'nus Ox-ar'tes
O-ri-ob'a-tes Ox-id'a-tes
Kerens who claims the pre-
cedence in birth
cent on the penultimate of
words of this termination,
tomime called Hercules
and Omphalet when the
whole town concurred in
O-ri'on 29 Ox'i-mes
O-ris'sus Ox-i'o-ns
To their descendants ; him
old god they call,
Because sincere and affible
that we scarcely ever hear
the famous Oceana of Har-
rington pronounced other-
placing the accent on the
second syllable, till some
classical scholars gave a
Or-i-sul'la Ox'us
Liv'i-a Ox-y'a-res
O-ri'tae* Ox-y-ca'nus
to all.
wise.
check to this pronunci-
Cooke'a Hvsiod, Theog.
v. 357.
§ (Eagarus. — This diph-
thong, like at, is pro-
ation by placing the accent
on the first. This, how-
» Orpheus. — See Idome-
* Nonacris. Labbe,
nounced as the single vow-
ever, was far from banish-
nmts.
Ainsworth, Gouldnian, and
el e. If the conjecture con-
in» the former manner,
t Oryitt.
Holyoke, give this word
the antepenultimate ac-
cent; but Lempriere, Lit-
cerning the sound of <e was
right, the middle sound
between the o and « of the
and disturbed the public
ear without correcting it.
Those, however, who
And, at once, Broteas and
Oryus slew :
Oryus' mother, Mycale,
tleton, and the Graduses,
ancients must, in all pro-
would not wish to be num-
was known,
place the accent, more a-
bability, have been the
bered among the vulgar,
Down from her sphere t«
greeably to analogy, on the
sound of our a in ivater.—
must take care to avoid
draw the lab'ring moon.
penultimate.
See the word &a.
.the penultimate accent.
Carth'i Ovid. Met
PAN
PHA
Ox-yd'»-cae x-y-ryn'-
Ox'y-lus chus
Ox-vn'thus O-zi'nes
Ox-vp'o-rus Oz'o-la;, or
Ox-y-rin- (Vo-li
dutfl
Pan'da Pa-pi-a'nu»
Pan'da-ma tPa'pi-as
Pau-da'ri-a Pa-p:n-i-a'-
Pan'da-rus nus
Pan'da-tes Pa-pin'i-us
Pan-de'mus Pa-pir'i-a
Pa'»e-as Peli-urn
Pat'i-cles PeHa
Pa-sic/ra-tes Pel-la'nse
Pa-siph'a-e Pel-le'ne
Pa-sith'e-a Pel-o-pe'a, of
Pa-sifi-gris i'el-o-pi'a
Pe-rin'ih-.is Phac'a
Per-i-pa-tet'- Hue-a'ci-a 10
i-ci J Pha/ax
Per-i-f-a-tcl'- PliaDd'i-mu*
ia, (Eng.) I'hx'don
Pe-riph'a-nes Phse'dra
p
Pan'di-a Pap-pir'i-w
Pan'di-on H Pa-.i'pus
Pas'sa-roa Pel-o-pei-a
Pas-si-e'nus Pe-lop'i-das
Per'i-iih-.'.s Pliae'dri-a
Pe-riph'a-tu» Phaj'drus
Pan-do'ra Pa-pyr'i-us
Pas'sus Pe!-o-pon-
Per-i-phe'- Phad'y-ma 5
PA-CA-TI-A.'- Pa-lan'tl-um
xrs^i 10
Pan-do'si- Par-a-bys'ton
a 11 - Par-a-di'sus
Pat'a-ra ne'sus
Pa-t.-/vi-um Pelops
mus Pli.'e-mon'o-e
Per-pho-re'- Phran-a-re'te
Pac'ci-us 10 Pal-a-ti'nus
Pan'dro-sos Pa-rcct'a-cse
Pa-ter'cu-lus Pe'lor
tus I'li.tni-as
Pa'ches 1* Pa'le-is, or
Pan'c-nus, orPar-a>to'ui-
Pa-tiz'i-thcs Pe-lo'ri-a
Pe-ris'a-des Phasn'na
Pa-chi'nus PaHae
Pa-nae'us um
Pat'mos Pe-lo'rum, ot
Pe-ris'tlie-nesPhsn'nis
Pa-co'ni-us Pales
Pan-gac'us Par'a-li S
Pa'trae Pe-lo'rus
Pe-rit'a-nus Plia^oc'o-
Pac'o-rus Pal-fu'ri-us
Pa-iii'a-fis Par'a-lus
Pa'tro Pe-lu'si-um
Per'i-tai mes
Pac-to'lns Su'ra
Pa-ni-o'ui- Pa-ra'si-a 1!
Pa-tro'c51 10
Per-i-to'ui- Pha^'a-na
Pac'ty-as Pa-li'ci, or
«m Pa-ra 'si-us U
Pa-tro'des' Pe-ua'tes
um Phres'tum
Pac'ty-es Pa-lis'ci
Pa'ni-us 2" Par'cac
*Pa-tro'clus Pen-da'li-uaa
Pe'ro, or Pha'o-ton
Pa-cu'vi-us Pa-lil'i-a
Pan-no'ni-a Par'is
Pat-ro-cli'desPe-ne'i-a,
Per'o-ne Pha-o-toa-ti'-
Pa-dsel 3 Pal-i-uu'rus
Pan-om- Pa-ris'a-dcs
Pa'tron Pen'e-i»
Per'o-e s a-des
Pad'u-a Pal-i-sco'rum
phae'us Pa-ris'i-i •*
Pat'ro-us Po-neli-us
Per-mes'sus Pha-e-tu'sa
Pa'dus or Pal-i-co'-
Pa-tlu'sa mm
P;ui'o-pe, or Par'i-sus
Pan-o-pe'a Pa'ri-um
Pa-tul'ci-us Pe-nel'o-pe
10 Pe'ne-us, or
Per'o-la Phcc'us
Per-pen'iia, Ph.i-:;e'si-a "0
Pae'an Pal'la-des
Pan'o-pes Par'ma I
PauTa Pi?-ne'us
M. Ph»'fie
Pa/di-us Pal-la'di-um
Pa-nofpe-us Par-manl-
Pau-li'na 1 Pen'i-das
Per-pe-re'ne Pha-lirVus
PaMna'niS Pal-la'di-us
Pa-no'pi-on des
Pau-Ii'nus Pen-tap'o-lis
Per-r!ffi'thes Pha-l;c'si-all
Psp'on Pal-lan-te'-
Pa-nop'o-lis Par-rae'm-o
Paulus M- Pen-the-si-
Per-rha;'bi-a Pha-lan'thus
Pae'o-nes . um
Pa-nor'mns Par-nas'sus
myl'i-ui le'a
Per'sa, or Phal'a-ris
Pa>o'ni-a Pal-lar.'ti-as
Pan'sa, C Pafaes
Pa'vor Pen'the-us
Per'se-is Pha'nas
Paxm'i-des Pal-lan'ti-des
Pan-tag-nos'-Par-nes'sus
Pau-sa'ni-as Pen'Llii-lus
Per'sa? Phal'a-ms
Pas'os Pal-lan'ti-ou
tus Par'ni 3
Pau'si-asll Peu'thy-lus
Per-sx'us Plial'r:-
PJE'SOS 28
Pan-ta'cv-as Pa'ron
Pax Pep-ar-e'tho
Per-se'e Pha'le-as
Pies'tum Pallas
Pan-taTe^on Par-o-re'i-a
Pax'os Pcph-re'do
Per-«e'is *Pha-le're-us
Pa>to'vi-um Pal-le'ne*
Pan-tau'chusPa'ros
Pe'as Pe-rae'a 7
Per-seph'o-nePli -\-\e*. is
Ya/tus Ca> Pal'ma
Pan'te-ns Par-rha'sia 1*
Pe-da'ci-a 10 Per-a-sip'pus
Per-sep'o-lis Phs-!t'ron,ot
cin'na *Pal-my'ra
Pan't!ii-des Par-rha'si-us
Pe-das'us Per-co'pe 8
Per'se-u», or Plial'c«-rum
Pag'a-sa?, or Pal-phu'ri-us
Pan-the'a 10
Pe-da'ni Per-co si-us
Per'ses Pha-Ie'rus
Pag'a-sa Pal-mi'sos
*Pan'the-on Par-tha-inis'-
Pe-da'ni-us H
Per'se-us Phali-as
Pag"a-su3 -tPam'me-nos
Pan'the-us, i-ris
Pssl'a-sus Per-co'te
Per'si-a 10 Phal'ii-ca
Pagus Pam'mon
or Pan'- Par-tha'on %
Pe-di'a-dis Per-dic'cas
Per'ais P!ia-lys'i-us
Pa-la'ci-um, Pam'pa
thus Par-the'nl-a
Pe-di-a'nus Per'dix
Per'si-us 10
or Pa-la'ti- Pam'phi-lus
Pau-tho1-desPar-the'ni-3j,
Pe'di-as Pe-ren'na
Flae'cus Pha-n^'us
um 10 Pam'phos
4 and Par-
Pe'di-us Pe-ren'nii
Per'ti-nax Phaa-a-ra'a
Pa-lae'a Pam'phy-la
Pan-ti-ca- tlie^ni-i *
Blae'sus Pe're-us
Pe-ru'sia 10 Pha'ncs
Pal-avap'o-lisPam-phyri-a
pae'um Par-the'ni-oa
Pe'do Per'ga
Pes-cea'ni-u* Phan'o-das
Pa-lae'mon,orP; n
Pan-tic'a-pes Par-tlie'ni-us
Pe'dum Per'ga-mui
Pes'si-nus Phan-o-de'-
Pal'e-mon Pan-a-ce'a
Pan-till-us Par'the-noii
Pe-^as'i-des Per'ge S
Pe-t?.'li-a mus
Pa-laep'a- Pa-nae'ti-uslO
Pa-ny'a-sis Par-tliea-o-
Pe{fa-sis Per'gus
Pct'a-lus Plian-ta'si-a
phos Pan'a-res
Pa-ny'a-sus pae'us
Peg'a-sus Pe-ri-c.n'der
Pe-te'hVa 10
Pa-lseph'a-tusPan-a-ris'te
Pa-psB'us Par-then'o-
Pera-goa Pe-ri-ar'chus
Pet-e-li'aus Pha'nus
Pa-laep'o-lis Pan-ath-e-
Pa-pha'ges pe 8
Pe-largs Per-i-boe'a
Pe-te'on Pha'on
Pa-!ses'te nae'a
Pa'phi-a Par'thi.-a
Pe-las'gi 3 Per-i-bo'mi-
Pe'te-us Pha'ra
Pal-se-sti'na Pan-chae'a, or
Paph-la-go'- Par-thv-c'ne
Pe-las'gi-a, or us *
Pe-t>l'i-a Pha-r»c'i-da»
Pa-Ije-sti'nus Pan-che'a,
ni-a Pa-rys'a-des
Pe-las-gi'- Perl-cles
Pe-til'i-i S -i
Pal-a-me'des or Pan-
Pa'phos ±Par'-y-si'tis
o-tis Per-i-clym'e-
Pe-til'i-iis Phi'rie, or
Pa-lan'ti-a 10 chal-a
Paph'iw Pa-sar'ga-da
Pe-las'gus nus
Pet-o-si'ris Hhe'ra;
Psl-e-throT- Pe-ridl-a
Pe'tra Fiia-rxs'me-
ni-i 4 Pe-ri-e-ge'tes
Pe-U!e'a nes
* Palmyra. — Xothins;
* Panfftetm. — This word
Pe'le-us Pe-vi-s'res
Pe-trei'us Pha'rax
can be better fixel in an
English ear than the pe-
is universally pronounced
with the accent on the se-
Pc-li's-des Pe-rig'e-aes
Pe'li-as Pe-rig'o-ne
Pe-tri'num Pha'ns
Pe-tro'ni-a Piiar-me-cu'-
nultimate accentuation of
cond svllable in English,
Pe li'dcs Per-i-la'us
Pe tro'ni-us sa
this word : this pronuncia-
but in Latin it has its first
Pa-!ig'ni Per-i-le'u»
Pet'ti-i;s Phar-na-ba'-
tion is adopted by Air.s-
worth. and Lempriere;
syllable accented; and thi»
accentuation makes so
Pe-lig'nus Pe-ril'la
Pel-i-uaAis Pe-riilus
Peu'ceS zus
Peu-ces'tes Phar-na'cr.a
Gouldman and Holyoke
slight a difference to the
Pe!-i-n!E'u«i Per-i-me'de S
Peu-ce'ti alO \ Phar-na'ces
seem to look the other
ear, that it ought to have
Peyton Per-i-me'ia
Peu-ci'ni* Phar-na-pa'
way ; but Labbe says the
the preference.
Ptu co-la'ns tes
more learned give this
t Papias.— This is the
Pex o do'rus Pliar-nas'pes
word the antepenultimate
name of an ear'.v Christian
Alexander, wh-ich every-
accent, and that tliis accent
is more agreeable to the
writer who first propagat-
ed the doctrir.e of the Mil-
where accents the penulti
timate, has fixed this pro-
> Phalei-euz.— There is
general rule. Thos .how-
lennium : and it is general-
nunciation in our own
some doubt among the
ever, must be pedantic cox-
combs, who should attempt
to disturb the recei v ed pro-
ly pronounced with the ac-
cent on the second svllable,
but I believe corruptly.
country beyond a doubt.
* Patt-oKlits. — Lempriere,
Ainsworth, Gouldman,
learned whether this word
ought to be pronounced i:i
three or four syllables:
nunciation when in Eng-
since Labbe has adopted
and Holyoke, accent the
that is, as Phal-e-reuf, or
lish, becausea contrary ac-
centuation may possibiy be
the antepenultimate ac-
cent, who must be well ac-
penultimatesyllaWeofthis
word; but Labbe the an-
Pha-le~re-ttg. The latter
mode, however, with the
proved to be more agree-
able to Greek or Latin.
quainted with the true pro-
nunciation of ecclesiastical
tepenultimate: our gra-
duses pronounce it either
accent on the antepenulti-
mate, seems to be the most
t Pammenes. — I find this
characters.
way ; but I do not h^sjtate
eligible.
won! nowhere but '.n Lem-
* Parysatis. — Labbe tells
to prefer the penultimate
f P'wrnares. — All our
priere, who accents it on
the penultimate; but ss
us that some prosodists
contend that this word
accent: and till some good
reason be given for the
proso;iists accent the ante-
penultimate syllable of this
all words of this termina-
ought to be accented on
contrary, I think Patroele*
wore! ; bat an English ear
tion have the antepenulti-
the antepeuv.ltimat? syl-
the historian, and Patrocli
is stronglv inclined to ac-
mate accent, till this ap-
lable! and we find Lcm-
a small island, ought to be
cent the penultimate, as in
pears an exception I shall
priere has so accented it ;
pronounced with the same
jtrbM***nd.Anai:!t which
venting >r alter it.
but so popular a tragedy as
as the friend of AcMlies.
see.
PHO
FLA
TLE
TOO
Phar'nu.s Phil 'i -das
Pl'O-cen'ses, Phyx'i-um
Pla-cidl-a Plau'ti-a 10
Plem-myr'i- Plot-i-nop'o-
Pha'ros Phil'i-des
Phar-siiTi-a 1'hi-lin'na
Phai'te Phi-H'nus
and Pho'- Pi'a, or
ci-ci 3, 10 Pi-a'li-a
^ho-cil'i-des Pi'a-sus
'la-cid'i-us Plau'ti-us
>la-na'si-a i« Plau-ti-a'nirs
'ten'ci-na Plau-stie-a'-
uin lis
'lem'ne-us SOPlo-ti'nus
•leu-r.i'tHS Plo'ti-us 10
Pha'rus Phi-lip'pc-i
1'hn-iuV; i.orPhi-lip'pi
Phau-ra'si-iPhi-lip'pi-des
4 Phi-lip p'>-Hf
Pha'si-as Phi-lip-pop'-
Phar'y-bus o-!is
Pho'ci-on 10 Pi-ce'ni 3
'ho'cis Pi-cen'ti-a :o
Pho'cus Pic-en-ti'ni 4
Pho-cyl'i-des Pi-ce'num
:>hce'be Pi'cra
>hte%e-um Pic'ta;, or
Man'cus r;t(S
Pla-tas'a Plau-tilla
Pla-tse'ae T'lau'tus
>la-ta'ai-us *Plei'a-dra
Pla'to Plei'o-ne
'leu'ron Plu-tar'chus
Mex-au're Plu'tarch,
Jlex-ip'pus (Eng.)
'lin'i-us Plu'ti-a 10
'Kn'y, (Eng.) Plu'to
'lin-thi'ne 1'lu-to'ni-unx
Ph."-ryc'a- Plii-lip'p«s
don Phi-lis'cus
Phar'y-ge Phi-lis'ti-on
Pha-se'hs "
Pha-si-a'na Phi-lis'tus
Pha'sis Phil'lo
Phas'sus Phi'lo
Jhceb'i-<las Pic'ti
^hce-big'e-na Pic-ta'\ i, or
'ha-'bus Pict'o-nes
Phoe'inos Pic-ta'vium
I'll i-ni'ce 291'ic'tor
Phce-nic'i-alOPi'cus
Phce-nic'e-us Pi-do'rus
* Pleiades.
When with their domes the
slow-paced snails retreat,
3eneath some foliage from
the burning heat
Of the Pleiades, your tools
'Jis-lar'chus Plu'tus
Mis'tha-mis Plu'vi-us
"lis'the-nus Plyn-te'ri-a
'lis-ti'nns Pnig'e-us 15
3lis-to'a-nax Pob-lic'i-us?4
Jiis-to'nax Pod-a-lir'i-us
Plis-to-ni'ces I'o-dar'ceS
Phau'da Phil-o-bce'o-
Phav-o-ri'nus tus
Pha-yl'lus Phi-loch'o-
Phce-nic'i-desPid'y-tes
Phce-ni'cus Pi'e-lus
Phcen-i-cu'sa Pi-e'ra
prepare ;
The ripen'd harvest then
deserves your care.
'lo'tae 1'o-da'res
Plo-ti'na Po-dar'gc
Phe'a, or rus
Phce-nis'sa Pi-e'ri-a
Cooke's Hesiod. Works
Phe'i-a Phil'o-cles
Phce'nix Pi-ert-des
and Days.
Phe-ca'dum Phi-loc'ra-tes
Phe'ge-us, orPhil-oc-te'tes
Phle'ge-us Phil-o-cy'-
Phel'li-a prus
Phcl'lo-e Phil-o-da-
Phel'lus me'a
Phol'o-e Pi'e-ris
Pholus PTe-rus
PhorTjas Pi'e-tas
Phor'cus, or Pi'gres
Phor'cys Pi-lum'nus
Phor'mi-o Pim'pla
The translator had ad-
hered strictly to the origi-
nal HxwaSsj in making
;his word four syllables.
Virgil has done the same,
slide into sh, as in Latin
words ; yet proper names,
which are transplanted in-
to all languages, partake
of the soil into which they
are received, and fall in
Phe'mi-us Phil-o-de'-
Phor'mis Pim-ple'i-des
Pleiadag, Hyadas, claram-
with the analogies of the
Phe-moii'o-e mus
» Phi-lodl-ce
Pho-ro'ne-us Pim-jile'e-des
Pho-ro'nis Pim-pra'na
cjue Lycaouis Arcton.
Georgia. I.
language which adopts
them. There is, therefore,
Phe-ne'um Phil-o-la'us
Phe'ne-us Phi-lol'0-gus
(lacus) Phi-lom'a-
Phe'rre che
Pho-ro'ni-umPin'a-re
Pho-ti'nus Pi-na'ri-us
Pho'ti-us 10 Pin'da-rus
Phox'us Pin'da-sus
But Ovid has contracted
this word into three sylla-
bles:
no more reason for pre-
serving the sound of ti in
proper names than for pro-
nouncing the c like fc in
Phe-rs/us Phi-lonYbro-
Phra-a'tes Pin-de-nis'-
Pleiades incipiunt hume-
Phocioii, iMcedccmon, &c.
Phe-rau'tes tus
Phra-at'i-ces tus
ros relevare paternos.
But perhaps it will be
Phe-rec'lus *Phil-O-me'-
Phra-da'tes Pin'dus
Fasti, iv. p. 169.
said, that our diphthong
Phe-rec'ra- di-a
tes PhU-o-me-
Pher-e-cv'des due
Phe-ren-da'- Phil-o-me'la
tes . Phil-o-me'lus
Pher-e-ni'ce Phi'lon
29 Phi-lon'i-dcs
Phra-a;an'de Pin'na
Phra-ha'tes Pin'tlii-as
Phra-nic'a- Pi-o'ni-a
tes Pi-rae'ug, or
Phra'or-tes Pi-ra'e-us
Phras'i-cles Pi-re'ne
Phras'i-mus Pi-rith'o-us
The later translators of
the Classics have generally
contracted this word to
three syllables. Thus in
Ogilby's translation of Vir-
gil's Georgics, b. I.
ei has the sound of eye as
well as the Greek u. To
which it may be answered,
that this is an irregular
sound of these vowels, and
can scarcely be produced as
an example, since it exists
Phe'rcs Phil'o-nis
Phra'si-us '0 Pi'rus
First let the eastern Pleia-
but in either, neither,
Phe-re'ti-asioPhi-lon'o-e 8
Phra-ta- Pi'sa
des go down,
height, and sleight. The
Pher-e-ti'ma Phi-lon'o-me
Pher'i-num Phi-lon'o-
Phe'ron mus
Phi'a-le Phil'o-mis
pher'nes' Pi'sa;
Phri-a-pa'ti- Pi-sa?'us
us :0 Pi-san'der
Phrix-us Pi-sa'tes, or
And the bright star in Ar-
iadne's crown.
The Pleiades and Hyade*
two first words are more
frequently and analogical-
ly pronounced eether and
necther ; height is often
Phi-a'li-a, or Phi-lop'a-tor
Phi-ga'li-a Phil'o-phron
Phron'i-ma Pi-sari
Phron'tis Pi-sai/rus
appear ;
The sad companions of the
pronounced so as to ryhme
with weight, and would, in
Phi'a-lus Phil-o-pee'-
Phic'o-res men
Phru'ri 3 Pi-se'nor
Phry'ges 6 Pis'e-us
turning year.
Creech's Manilhis.
all probability, be always
so pronounced, but for the
Phid'i-as Phi-los-tra-
Phrvct'i a Pis'i-as 10
But Dryden has, to the
false supposition, that the
Phid'i-le tus
Phi-dip'pi- Phi-lo'tas
Phry'ne«, 8 Pi-si'di-a
Phryn'i-cus Pi-sid'i-ce
great detriment of the po-
etical sound of this word,
abstract must preserve the
sound of the verb or adjec-
des Phi-lot'e-ra
Phry'nis Pi'sis
anglicised it, by squeezing
tive from which it is de-
Phi-dit'i-alO Phi-!ot'i-Huts
Phry'no Pis-is-trat'i-
it into two syllables ;
rived ; and with respect to
Phi'don Phi lo'tis
Phid'y-te Phi-lox'e nus
Phig-a'le-i Phil-lyl'li-us
Phi'la Phii'y-ra
Phil-a-del'- Phil'y-res
phi-a Phi-lyrt-des
Phil-a-del'- Phi-ne'us
phus Phin'ta
Philse Phin'ti-as 10
Phrvx'iis das
Phthi'a i* Pii-is-tratl-
Phthi-o'tis des
Phy'a Pi-sis'tra-tus
Phv'cus Pi'so
Phyl'a-ce Pi-so'nis
Phyl'a-cus Pis'si-rus
Phv-lar'chus Pis'tor
Phy"las Pi'sus
What are to him the sculp-
ture of the shield,
Heav'n's planets, earth,
and ocean's wat'ry field,
The Pleiads, Hyads, less
and prreater Bear,
Undipp'd in seas, Orion's
angry star ?
sleight, though Dr. John-
son says it ought to be
written slight, as we some-
times see it, yet, if we ob-
serve his authorities, we
shall find that several re-
spectable authors spell the
word in this manner; and
if we consult Junius and
Phi-lffi'ni Phla
Phy'le Pi-suth'nes
Ovid's Met. b. 12.
Skinner, particularly the
Phi-ls'us Phleg'e-las
Phi-lam'monPhleg'e-thon
Phi-lar'chus Phlegi-as
rh'vl'e-is20 Pit'a-ne
Phy'le-us Pith-e-ai'sa
Phvl'i-ra Pith'e-us
This unpleasant contrac-
tion of Dryden's seems not
to have been much follow-
last, we shall see the strong-
est reason from etymology
to prefer this spelling, as
12 phle'gon
Phi-le'mon Phle'qra
Phvi'la tt'tho
Phvl-l.Vli-a Pith-o-la'us
ed. Elegant speakers are
pretty uniform in prefer-
in all probability it comes
from sly. The analogi-
Phi-le'ne 8 Phle'gy-e 6, 8
Phi-le'ris Phle'sy-as
Pliyl-le'i-us I'i-tho'le-ou
Phvllis Pi'thon
ring the trisyllable ; but a
considerable variety ap-
cal pronunciation therefore
of this diphthong in our
Phil'e-ros Phli'as
Phi-le'si-uslOPhli'us
Phylli-ui Pi'thys
Phyl-lod'o-ce Pit'ta-cus
pears in the sound of the
diphthong ei. Mostspenk
own language is either as
heard in vein, rein, &c. or
Phil-e-taj'rus Phloe'us
Phvl'los Pit'the-a
ers pronounce it like the
in perceive, receive, &c.
Phi-le'tas Pho-be'tor
Phyl'lus Pit-the'is
substantive eye: and thi
The latter is adopted by
Phi-le'ti-us lopho-cae'a
Phy-scel'la Pit'the-us
C renunciation is defend*
many speakers in the pre-
Phy-rom'a- Pit-u-a'ni-us
y the common practice in
sent wordj as if written
fhus Pit-u-la'ni *
most schools of sounding
Pleeadcs ; but Plyades,
* Philomedia.
Phvs'co-a Pit-y-a-'a
the diphthong ti in thi
though less analogical,
Nor less bv Philontetlia
Phys'con Pit-y-as'sus
manner in appellativi s
must be owned to be the
known on earth ;
Phys'cos Pit-y-o-ne'su
but though Greek appeJ
more polite and literary
A name derived immediate
from her birth.
CoiikSi Hesiod. TJieog
Phvs'cus Pit-y-u'sa
Phy-tal'i-des Pla-cen'ti-alO
Phyt'a-lus Plac-i-de-i-
latives preserve the origS
nal sound of their letters
pronunciation. — See note
on Elegda in the Termina-
tional Vocabulary.
v. 311.
Phy'ton a'nus
T. >.. where the" r does nrt
POP
PRO
QUA
RUF
Po-dsygui Pol-y-la'us
Pop-lic'o-la Pris-cilla
*Pro-tho-e- Pyd'na
Quad'ri- Quin-quen-
Fcc'as Po-lym'e-nes
Pop-pa;'a Pris'cus
nor Pyg'e-la
frons, or na'les
Pcec'i-le *« Pol-y-me'de
Sa-bi'na Pris'tis
Pro'the-us Pyg-ma;'i
Quad'ri- Quin-til-i-a'-
Poe'ni 3 Po-lym'e-don
Pop-pas'us Pri-ver'nu's
Proth'o-us Pyg-ma'li-on
ceps nus
Poe'on Pol-y-mela
Pop-u-lo'ni-aPri-ver'num
Pro'to 29
Quacs-to'res Quin-tifi-fn,
Pot-o'ni-a Pol-ym-nes'-
Por'ci-a 10 Prota
Prot-o-ge- Pyi'a-des
Qua'riS (Eng.)
Pce'us tes
Por'ci-us 10 ProTjus, M.
ne'a Py'laa
Qua'ri-us Quin-til'i-us
Po'eon Pol-ym-nes'-
Po-red'o-rax Pro'cas
Pro-tog'e-nes Py-laem'e-nes
Quer'cens V'a'rus
i'oTa tor
Po-ri'na Proch'o-rus
t Prot-o-ge- Py-lag^-rs
Qui-e'tus Quin-til'la
Pol-e-mo- Pol-y-ni'ces
Por-o-se-le'neProch'y-ta
ni'a Py-laPo-ras
Quinc-ti-a'- Quin-tillus,
cra'ti-a Prf-lyn'o-e
Por-phyr'i- Pro-cil'i-us
tPro-to-me- Py-la^m
nusio M.
Fol'e-mon Pol-y-pe'mon
on Pro-cilia
di'a Py-lar'tes
Quinc-til'i-a Quin'ti-us 10
Po-le'nor Pol-y-pei/-
Por-phyrl-usPro-ciKlus
Prot-o-me- Py-lar'ge
Quinc'ti-us, Quin'tus •
Po'ii-as chon
Por'ri-ma Proc'le-a
du'sa Pylas
T. Cur'ti-us
Po-li-or-ce'- Pol-y-phe'-
Por-sen'na, Pro'cles
Pox'e-nus Py-le'ue
Quin-de- Quir-i-na'li-a
tes mus
or Por'se- Proc'ne
Pru-den'ti-us Pyl'e-us
cem'vi-ri Quir-i-nalis
Po-lis'ma Po'ly-pheme,
na Pro-cli'da?
10 Pyl'le-on
Quin-qua'tri-Qui-ri'nus
Po-lis'tra-tu* (Eng.)
Por'ti-a, andPro-con-ne/-
Prum'ni-des Pylo
a Qui-ri'tes 1
Po-H'tes Pol-y-phon'-
Por'ti-us 10 sus
Pru'sa P/los
Pul-i-to'ri- tes
Port'mos Pro-co'pi-us
Pru-sa>'us P/lus
um Pol"y-Pnron
Por-tum-na'- Pro'cris
Pru'si-as 10 Py'ra
R
Pol-len'ti-a iopo!-y-poe'tes
Pol-lin'e-a Po-lys'tra-tus
li-a Pro-crus'tes
Por-tum'nus Proc'u-la
Prym'no Py-rac'mon
Pryt/a-nis Py-rac'mos
RA-BIB'I-US Rhi-mot'a-
Fol'li-o Pol-y-tech'-
Po'rus Proc-u-lei'usS
Pry t-a-ne'umPy-rasch'mes
Ra-cil'i-a cles
Tollis nus
Po-si'des Proc'u-lus
Pryl/a-nis Pyr'a-mus
Ravsa'ces Rhi'on
Polli-us Fe'- Pol-y-ti-me'-
Pos-i-de'um Prod'i-cus
Psam'a-the ISPyr-e-nae'i
Ra-mi'ses Rhi'pha, or
Hx tus
Po-si'don Pro-er'na
Psam'a-thos Pyr-e-nae'us
Ram'nes Rhi'phe
Po!-lu'ti-a 10 Po-lytl-on 10
Pos-i-do'ni-a Proet'i-des
Psam-me-ni'-Py-re'ne
Ran'da Rhi-phae'i 3
Pol'lux Po-lyt'ro-pus
Pos-i-do'ni- Prce'tus
tus Pyr'gi 3
Ra'po Rhi-phe'us
Prflus Po-lyx'e-na
us _-Pro'cy-on
Psam-metl- Pyr'gi-on
Ra-scip'o-lis Rhi'um
Po-lus'ca Pol-yx-en'i-
Po'si-o 10 ' Prog'ne
chus Pyr'go
Ra-ven'na Rhod'a-nus
Pol-y-s'nus das
Post-hu'mi-a Pro-la'us
Psam'mis Pyr-got'e-Ies
Rav'o-la Rho'de
Pol'y-nus Po-lyx'e-nus
Post-hu'mi- Prom'a-chus
Psa'phis Pyr'gus
Rau-ra'ci 3 Rho'di-a
Pol-y-ar'chus Po-lyx'o
us Pro-math'i-
Psa'pho 55 Py-rip'pe
Rau-ri'ci Rhod-o-gy*.
Fo-lyl/i-das Pol-y-zelus
Post-ver'ta das
Pse'cas Py'ro
Re-a'te ne, or
Po-lyb'i-us, Pom-ax-a:'-
Pos-ru'mi-us Pro-ma'thi-
Pso'phis Pyr'o-is
Re-dic'u-lus Rhod-o-
or Pol'y- thres
bus ' Po-me'ti-a 10
Po-tam'i-des on
Pot'a-mon Prom'e-don
Psy'che 12, ispy-ro'ni-a
Psych'rus Pyrtha
Red'o-nes gu'ne
Re-gU'lse Rno'do-pe,
Pol-y-boe'a Po-me'ti-i 3
Po-thi'nus Prom-e-ns'a
Psylli 3, 15 Pyr'rhi-as
Re-gil-li-a'- or Rho-do'-
Pol-v-boe'tes Pom-e-ti'na
Po'thos Pro-me'the-i
Ptele-uml6 Pyrthi-ca
nus pis
Pol-y-bo'tes Po-mo'na
Pot-i-dae'a Pro-me'the-
Pter-e-la'us Pyrthi-cus
Re-gillus Rho'dus
Pol-y-ca'on Pom-pei'a 5
Po-ti'na us 29
Pte'ri-a Pyr-rhi'da?
Reg^u-lus Rhodes
- Pol-y-car'pus Pom-pei-a'-
Po-tit'i-us 24pro-me'this,
Ptol-e-der'maPyr'rho
Re*mi 3 (Eng.)
Pol-y-cas'te nus
Pot'ni-a; & Prom-e-
Ptol-e-mae'- Pyr'rhus
Rem'u-lus Rhoe'bus
Fo-lych'a-res Pom-pei'i, or
Prac'ti-um 10 thi'des
um Pys'te
Re-mu'ri-a Rhce'cus
Vol-y-cle'a Pom-pei'-
Pra;'ci-a 10 Prom'e-thus
Ptol-e-mae'us Py-thag'o-ras
Re'mus Rhoe'te-um
r-jl'y-cles um
PrjE-nes'te Prom'u-lus
Ptote-my, Pvth-a-ra'tus
Re'sus Rhee'tus
TFo'.-y-cle'tus Pom-pei-op'-
Pra?'sos Pro-nap'i-des
(Eng.) Pyth'e-as
Re-u-dig'ni 3 Rho-sa'cei
Po-lyc'ra-tes o-lis
Prae'sti 3 Pro'nax
To.''e-me'6 Py'thes
Rha'ci-a 10 Rho'sus
Fol-y-cre'ta, Pom-pei'us
Prffi'tor Pron'o-e
Ptol-e-mals Pyth'e-us
Rha'ci-us Rhox-a'na or
or Pol-y- Pom-pil'i-a
Pra>to'ri-us Pron'o-mus
Ptol'y-cus Pyth'i-a
Rha-co'tis Rox-a'na
c.i'ta Potn-pil'i-us
Pra;-tu'ti-umPron'o-us
Pto'us PytM-as
Rhad-a- Rhox-a'ni 3
7-iVvc'ri-tus Nu'ma
10 Pron'u-ba
Pub-lic'i-us Pythl-on
man'thus Rhu-te'ni,
rn-hc'tor Pom-pi'lus
Prat-i'nas Pro-per'ti-us
10 Pyth'i-us
Rhad-a-mis'- and Ru-
Pol-y-dse'- Pom-pis'cus
Prax-ag'o-rasPro-poeti-des
Pub-lica-a 24 P/tho
tus the'ni
mon Pom-po'ni-a
Prax'i-as Pro-pon'tis
Pub-lic'o-la Py-thoch'a-
Rha'di-us Rhyn'da-cu*
r>!vd'a-mas Pom-po'ni-us
•Po!-y-dam'- Pom-po-si-a'-
Prax-id'a- Prop-y-le^a
mas Pros-chys'ti-
PubHi-us ris
Pul-che'ri-a Pyth'o-cles
Rha/te-um Rhyn'thon
Rha^ti, or Rhy'pae
n nus
Prax-id'i-ce us -0
12 J'yth-o-do'-
Rae'ti Ri-phae'i »
I'ol-y-t'cc'tes Pomp-ti'ne
Poi-y-deu- • Pomp-ti'nus
Prax'i-la Pro-se/pi-na
Prax-iph'a- 28
Pu'ni-cum rus
bel'lum Pyth-o-la'us
Rhae'ti-a 10 Ri-phe'us
Rham-nen'- Rix-am'a-rse
rea Pom pus
Po!-y-do'ra Pon'U-a 10
nes Pros'er-pine,
Prax'is (Eng.)
Pu'pi-us Py'thon
Pu-pi-e'nus Pyth-o-ni'ce
ses Ro-bi'go, or
Rham'nes Ru-bi'go
Pol-y-do'rus Pon-ti-cum
Prax-it'e-les Pros-o-pi';is
Pup'pi-us 30
Rham-si-ni'- Rod-e-ri^us
Pol-y-«e- ma're
Prax-ith'e-a Pro-sym'na
Pu-te'o-li 3 Pyth-o-nis'sa
tus Ro'raa
moni-des Pon'ti-ci:s
Po!-y-!*i'ton Pon-ti'na
Pre-u'ge-nes Pro-tag'o-ras
Prex-as'pes Prot-a-gor'i-
Py-a-nep'si-a Pyt'na
10 Pyt'ta-lus
Rham'nus Rome (Eng.>
Rha'nis pronounced
Po-lygTrn* Pon-ti'nus
Pn-am'i-des des
Rha'ros Room,
Po!-yp-no'tusPon'ti-us 10
Prt'n-mus Pro'te-i Co-
Q
Rhas-cu'po- Ro-ma ni 3
Po-iyp'o-nus Pon'tus
Prl-a'pus lum'na:
ris Ro-ma'nu$
Pol-y-hym'- Pon'tus Eu-
Prl-e'ne Pro-tes-i-Ia'-
QCA-DER'- Qua'di 3
Rhe'a Ro-mil'i-us
r:i-'a and xi'nus
Pri'ma us
NA Qua-dra'tus
Rhe'bas, or Rom'u-la
Po-!ym'ni-a*Po-pil'i-us
Pri'on Pro'te-us
RheTjus Ro-mu'li-dae
Pol-v-id'i-iis I.a'iias
» Prothoenot
Red'o-nes Rom'u-lus
Rhe'gi-um Ro'mus
* Popilius lifenas. — NV>
my whf n he real red this
order, wished to evade it
The hardy warriors whom
Bceotia bred,
Rhe-gus'ci 3 Ros'ci-us 10
Rhe'mi 3 Ro-sil'la-nus
tiling can show the dignity
<>f the Roman common-
by equivocal answers: but
Popilius, with a stick
Peneleus, Leitus, Prothoe-
nof led.
Rhe'ne Ro'si-i.NU
Rhe'ni 3 Rox-a'na
h and the terror of its
which lie held in his hand,
Pope's Horn. II.
Rhe'nus Rox-o-la'ni 3
atrrs more than the con-
made a circle round him
t See Iphigenia.
Rhe-o-mi'- Ru-belli-us
duct of this man. He was
on the sand, and bade him,
f Protomedia.
tres Ru'bi 3
r: nt as an ambassador to
in the name of the Roman
Nisaea and Actasa boast the
Rhe'sus RuTji-con
A1 ti )chus, king of Syria,
senate and people, not to
same,
Rhe-tog'e- Ru-bi-e'nus
and was commissioned to
go beyond it before he
Protomedia from the fruit-
nes Lap'pa
order that monarch to ab-
spoke decisively. This
ful dame,
Rhet'i-co Ru-bi'go
stain from hostilities a-
boldness intimidated An-
And Doris, honoured with
Rhe-u'nus RuTjra Sa'xa
gnir.st Ptolemy, king of
tiochus; he withdrew his
maternal name.
Rhex-e'nor RuTiri-us
Egypt, who was an ally of
Rome. Antiochus, who
garrisons from Egypt, and
no longer meditated a war
CooJce'f Hesiod, Theog.
v. Am.
Rhex-ib'i-us Ru'di-«
Rhi-a'nus Ru'fae
was at the head of his ar-
•gainst Ptolemy Iphigenid.
Rhid'a-go Hu-fil'lu*
SAP
SEL
SER
SIT
Ruf-fi'nus Ru-teti!
Ruf'fus Rus'ti-cui
Sap'ti-ne Sche'ri-a
Sa-rac/o-ri 3 Schce'ne-us
*Sel-eu'ci-a«9Sem-pro'ni-
Se-leu'ci-daj us
Se-re-ni-a'- Sl-gy'ni,
nus Su'u-nae
Ru'fi-nus I!u'ti-Ia
Sa-ran'ges Schce'nus, or
Se leu'cis Se-mu'ri-um
Pe-re'nus Si-gyn'nse
Ru'fus Ru'ti-Ius
Sar-a-pa'ni 3 Sche'no
Se-leu'cus Se'na
Ser-ges tus Si'la, or Sv'la
Ru'gi-i * Ru-til'i-us
Sar'a-pus Sci'a-this
Sel'ge Se-na'tus
Sei'gi-a Si-la'na Ju'-
Ru'mi-nus Ru'fus
Sar'a-sa Si'a-thit
Se-hm'nus Sen'na, or
Ser'gi-us li-a
Run-ci'na Ru'tu-ba
Sa-ras'pa-des Sci'a-thos
Se-li'nuns, or Se'na
*Ser-;4i'o-lus Si-la'nus
Ru-pil'i-us Ru'tu-bus
Sar-dan-a- Sci'dros
Se-li'nus Sen'e-ca
Se-ri'phus SU'a-ris
Rus'ci-us 10 Ru'tu-li 3
pa'lus Scil'lus
Se-la'si-a - Sen'o-nes
Ser'my-la Si-le'nus
Rus-co'ni-a Ru'tu-pse
Sar'di 3 Sci'nis
Sel-le'is Sen'ti-us 10
Ser-ranus Sil-i-cen'se
Ru-sel'la; Ru-tu-pi'nus
Sar'des Scin'thi 3
Sel'li 3 Sep-te'ri-on
fcVron Sil'i-us I-tal'-
Kus'pi-na
Sar-din'i-a Sci-o'ne
Se-lym'bri-a Sep-tim'i-us
Ser-to'ri-us i-cus
Sar'dis, or Sci-pi'a-dse
Sem'e-le Sep-ti-mu-
Sfcr-voAis Sll'phi-um
S
Sar'des Scip'i-o 9
Sem-i-ger- lei'us
Sor-vi-a'nus Sil-va'nus
Sar-don'i-cus Sci ra 7
ma'ni Sep'y-ra
Scr-vil'i-a Sim-briv'i-
SA'BA Sal'ma-cis
50 Sci-ra'di-um
Sem-i-gun'- Seq'ua-na
Ser-viJ-i-a'- us, or Sim-
Sab'a-chus.orSal-mo'ne
Sar-i-as'ter Sci'ras 3
tus Seq'ua-ni
nus bruv'i-us
Sab'a-con Sal-mo'ne us
Sar-ma'ti-a lOSci'ron
Se-mir'a-mis Se-quin'i-us
Ser-vil'i-us Si-me'thus,
Sa'ba» Sal'mus
Sar-men'tus Sci'rus
Sem'no-nes Se-ra'pio
Ser'vi-us or Sy-me'-
Sa-ba'ta Sal-my-des'-
Sar'ni-us S< o'lus
Se-mo'nes fSe-ra'pis
Tul'li-us thus
Sa-ba'zi-us sus
Sa'ron ScomTjrus
Sem-o-sanc'- Se'res
Ses'a-ra Sim'i-Ias
SabTaas Sa'lo
Sa-ron'i-cus Sco'pas
tus Ser-bo'nis
Se-sos'tris Sim'i-lis
Sa-bella Sa-lo'me 8
Si'nus Sco'pi-um
Sem-pro'ni-a Se-re'na
Sss'ti-ns Sim'mi-as
Sa-bel'li 3 Salon
Sar-pe'don Scor-dis'ci, &
Scs'tos, or Si'mo
Sa-bi'na Sa-lo'na, or
Sar-ras'tes Scor-dis'ca
Ses'tus Si'mo-is
Sa-bi'ni 3, 4 Sa-lo'r.as
Sar'si-na Sco-ti'nus
• Seieucia. — Lempriere
Se-su'vi-i 3 Sim-o-is'i-us
.Va-bin-i-a'- Sal-o-ni'na
Sar-san'da Sco-tus'sa
and Labbe accent the word
Sefa-bis 10
nus 2 1 Sal-o-ni'nus
Sa'son Scri-bo'ni-a
on the penultimate ; but
St'thon Si'mon
Sa-bi'nus Sa-lo'ni-us
Sa-tas'pes Scri-bo-ni-a'-
Ainsworth, Gouldman, and
S-'e'ti-a 10 Si-mon'i-des
Aulus Sal'pis
SaTjis Salvi-an
Sa'ti-ae 1° nus
Sat-i-bar-za'- Scri-bo'ni-us
Holyoke, on the antepen-
ultimate. As this word,
Se-ve'ra Sim-plic'i-us
Se-ve-ri-a'- 24
Sal/ra-cae Sal-vid-i-e'- ,
Sa-bri'na nus
Sab'u-ra Sal'vi-us
ne Scyl-a-ce'um
Sa-tic'u-la, 9
and Sa-tic'-Sc/lax
according to Strabo, had
its penultimate formed of
nus Sim'u-lus
fSe-ve'rus Si'mus
Seu'thus Sim'y-ra
Sab-u-ra'nus Sa-ma'ri-a 30
Ssb'ra-ta Sam-bu'los.
u-lus Scyl'la
Sa'tis Scyl-kc'um
this syllable ought to have
the accent ; but as the an-
Sex'ti-a Sin'di
Sex-tUI-a Sin-gae'i 3
Sa'bus Sa'me, or
Sac'a-das Sa'mos
Sat-ra-pe'ni Scyl'li-as
Sa-tri'cum Scyl'lis
tepenultimate accent is
so incorporated into our
Sex-til'i-us Si'nis
Sex'ti-us Sin'na-ces
Sa'ca; Sa'mi-a
Sa'cer Sam-ni'tas
Sach-a-H'tes Sam-ni'tes
Sa-cra'ni Sam'nites,
Sa-trop'a-ces Scyl'lus
Sat'u-ra Scy-lu'rus
Sat-u-rei'um,Scyp'pi-um
or Sa-tu'- Scy ras
tongue, I would strongly
recommend the pronunci-
ation which an English
scholar would give it at
Sex'tus Sin'na-cha
Si-bi'n\ 3 Sin'o-e
Si-bur'ti-us Si'non
Si-byl'te Si-no'pe
Sac-ra'tor (Eng.)
Sa-crat'i-vir Sam'm-um
re-um Scy'ros
Sat-u-rei'us Scy'tha:
first sight, and that is plac-
ing the accent on the w.
Si'ca Si-no'pe-us
Si-camTiri, Sin'o-rix
Sad'a-les Sa-mo'ni-um
Sa'dus Sa'mos
Sat-ur-na'li-aScythes, or
Sa-tur'ni-a Scy'tha
This is the accent Milton
gives it *
or Sy-gam'-Sin'ti-i 3, 4
bri 3 Sin-u-es'sa
Bad-y-a'tes Sa-mos'a-ta
Sa-tur-ni'nus Scyth'i-a
Si-ca'ni 3 Siph'nos
riag'a-na Sam-o-thra'-
SagVris ce, or Sam-
Sa-tur'ni-us Scyth'i-des
Sa-tur'nus Scy-thi'nus
Eden stretch'd her
line
Si-ca'ni-a Si-pon'tum,
.¥;c'e-Us Si'pus
Sa-git'ta o-thra'ci-a
Sat'u-rum Sc/thon
From Auran eastward to
Si-cel'i-c!cs Sip'y-lum,
Sa-gun'tum, Sa'mus
or Sa-gun'- Sa'na
Safy-rus Scy-thop'o-
Sav'e-ra 1 lis
the royal towers
Of great Seieucia built by
Si-chse'us and Sip'y-
Si-cil'i-a lus
tus San'a-os
Sau-fei'us Se-bas'ta
Grecian kings.
Si-cin'i-us Si-re'nits
Sa'is San-cho-ni'a-
Tro'gus Se-bas'ti-a
Par. Lost, b. 4.
Den-ta'tus Si'f en.t,
Sa'la thon
Sa'vo, or Seb-en-ny'tus
If, however, the English
Si-ci'nus (Eng )
Sal'a-con *San-da'ce
Sav-o'na Se-be'tus
scholar wishes to shine in
Sic-o'n:s Si'ris
Sal-a-min'i-a San-da'li-um
Sal'a-mis San'da-nis
Sau-rom'a-taeSe-bu-si-a'ni,
Sau'rus or Segu-
the classical pronunciation
of this word, let him take
Sic'u-H 3 Sirt-us
Sic'y-on Sir'mi-um
Sal-a-mi'na San'da-nus
Sa'vus si-a'ni
care to pronounce the c
Sish'e-on Si-sam'ncs
Sa-la'pi-a, orSan-di'on n
Sazl-ches 12 5"ec-ta'nus
like s only, and not HkesTi,
Sic-y-o'ni-a Sis'a-pho
Sa-la'pi-ae San-dre-cof-
Scse'a Sed-i-ta'ni, or
which it necessarily has, if
Siih e-o'ne-a Sis'e-nes
Sal'a-ra tus
Se'a Sed-en-ta'-
the accent be on the ante-
Si'de 8 Si-sen'n*
Sa-la'ri-a San'ga-la
Sa-las'ci 3 San-ga'ri-us,
Scae'va ni 3
Se'va Se-du'ni 3
penultimate syllable. — See
Rules 10 and 3!t.
Si-dt'ro Sis-i-camT)!*,
sid-i-ci'num or Sis-y- '
Sa-lei'us 5 or San'ga-ris
Sa-le'ni 3 San-guin'i-us
Sa-len-ti'ni 3 San-nyr'i-on
Sa-ler'num San'to-nes,
Sa!-;,a'ne-us, and San'to-
Scae'vo-la Se-du'si-i3
Sev'o-la Se-ges'ta
Scal'pi-um Se-ges'tes
Sca-man'der Se-gob'ri-ga
Sca-man'dri- Sejf ni 3
t Serapi*.— There is not
a dissenting voice among
our prosodists for the pro-
nouncing cf this word with
the accent on the penulti-
Si'don gamT);.s
Si-do'n's Sis-o-cos'tus
Si-do'ni-us Pis'v-phu»
Si'ga Si -fa! ces
Si-ga/um, or Sith'ni-dei
or Sal-ga'- na?
ne-a Sa'on
Sa'li-i 3, 4 Sa-pae'i,'or
Sal-i-na'tor Sa-phae'i
Sa'li-us Sa'por
Sal-lus'ti-us tSa-po'res
us SegVn-ix
Sean-da'ri-a Se-gon'ti-a,
Scan-di-na'- or Se-gun'-
vi-a ti-a 10
Scan-tilla Seg-on-ti'a-ci
Scap-tes'y-le 3
mate syllable ; ana yet, to
show the tendency of Eng-
lish pronunciation, when
a sh:p of this name had a
desperate engagement with
one pf the French, which
>i-ge'um Si'thon
Sig'ni-a Si-tho'r.i-a
Sig-o-ves'- Sit'i-us l°, *
sus Sit'o-nes
Snfhtst, Sap'pho, or
Scap'ti-a 10 Se-go'vi-a
attracted the attention of
Their kings, when Egyp
(Eng.) Sa'pho
Scap'ti-us 10 Se-gun'ti-um
Scap'u-la 10
the public, every body pro-
nounced it with the accent
with Assyria strove
In wealth and luxury.
Scar'di-i 3, 4 Se-ja'nus &'-
on the first syllable. Mil-
Par. Lost, b. i. v. 717.
• Sandace. — A sister of
Scar-phi'a, or li-us
ton has done the same in
» Sergioliis.—I fir.d thif
Xerxes, which I find in no
Scar'phe Sei'us Stra'-
his sublime description of
word in no dictionary but
lexicographer but Lem-
priere, and in him with the
accent on the first syllable ;
but from its Greek original
2<rvS«tizi;it ought certain-
Scau'rus bo
Sced'a-sus Se-lem'nus
s'cel-e-ra'tus Se-le'ne
Sche'di-a Sel-eu-ce'na,
Ske'd'.-a or Se-leu'-
the grandeurs of Pandemo-
nium:
Not Ea
Lempriere's, and there the
accent is placed upon the
penultimate instead of the
antepenultimate syllable.
t Seeerut.— This word,
bylon,
Nor great Alcairo, such
ly to be accented on the
Sche'di-us 12 cis
magnificence
like Scrapit, is universally
second syllable.
Equall'd in all their glories,
mispronounced by the
t Sapores — This word,
to enshrine
mere English scholar, wiih
says Labbe, is by Gavan-
the Greek, accented on the
Belus or S"ripis t'\f\t
the accent on the first syl-
tus and others, ignorant oi
first syllable
gods ; or seat
lable.
3PI
1A.R
TER
Sme'nu* t"o'si-a Galla
Spin'ther Stil'i-clio
Suil'i-us Svlla
Tar'sus, or Te-lecV«, or
Smcr'dw !0
Spi-!am'e-iiesStii>)
>ui'o-nes Sj/tUt
Tar'sos Te-leclus
Smilax So-sibl-uf
Spi-thob'a- .Stim'i-con
Syl'o-es
Tar'ta-nis Tel-e-c!i'det
Smi'lis Sos'i-cles
tes Stiph'i-lu*
Sul'ci-iu S>i'o-»u;i
Tar-tos'sus Te-lcg'o-nus
Smin-dyr'i- So-sic'ra-tes
Spith-ri-da'- Sto-baVug
Sul'mo, or Syl-va'nus
Tar-un'ti-us Tc-'.e:r:'a-
des So-sig/e-nes
*Smiu'th8- So'si-i 3 10
tea Stoech'a-dei
Spo-le'ti-um Sto'i-ci
.'•ul'mo-na Syl'vi-a
Pul-pit'i-a Syl'vi-us
Tas^e'li-us chus
Ta'ti-an Tel'e-mus
us Sos'i-lus
10 Sro'ic* (Enf;.)
Sul-pitl-us, Sy'ma, or
Ta-ti-en'ses Tel-e-phas'sa
Smvr'na So-sip'a-ter
*Spor/a-des .StraTw
or Sul-pic'- S/me
Ta'ti-usia Tel'e-phus
So-a'na So'sis
*o Stra-tar'chai
i-us a* SymTjo-Uvm
Tat't* Te-le'si-a 10
So-an'da So-sis'tra-tus
Spu-ri'na Stra'to, or
Sum-ma'nus Sym'ma-chus
Tau-4an'ti-i 'Te-lcs'i-clas
J-o-a'nes .^o'si-us 1°
Spu'ri-us Stra'ton
Su'ni-ci Sym-pleg'a-
'1 au'nus Tel-e-sil'la
Soc^ra-tes Sos'the-nes
Sta-be'ri-us Strat'o-cles
Su'ni-des d«s
Tau-ra'ni-a Tel-e-sin'i-
Sce'mi-as Sos'tra-tus
StaTji-sc Strat-o-ni'ce
Su'ni-um Sy'mio
Tau-ran'tes cus
Sog-di-a'na Sot'a-des
Sta-gi'ra 1 Stra-to-ni'cus
Su-o-vet>au- Sya-cel'lm
Tau'ri 3 Tel-e-si'nus
Soe-di-r/nus So'ter
Stai-us SO
ril'i-a Sy-ne'si-us 10
Tau'ri-ca Te!-e sip'pus
Soro-e, or So-te'ri-a
Staph'y-lus Stron'gy-le
Su'pe-ruin Syn'ge-lus
Cher-^p- Te-!es'pho-
So'li So-ter'i-cus
So-lce'is So'this
Sta-san'der Stroph'a-deg
Sta-sife-us 29Stro phi-u*
Ma're Syn'nas
Su'ra JEr- Syn-na-lax'is
ne'fcus nis
Tau'ri-ca 7 Tel-e-st?.g'o-
Solon So'ti-on u
Sta-til'i-a Stru-thoph'-
myl'i-u* Syn'nis
Tau-ri'ni 3 ras
So-lo'm-um So'ti-us 10
Sta-til'i-u« a-gi
Su-re'na Sy-no'pe
Tau-ris'ci 3 Te-les'tas
So'lus So'us
.Stat'i-nse Stru'thus
Su-ren'tum Syn'ty-che
Tau'ri-um Te-ks'tes
Sol'y-ma, anUSoi'o-mea
Sta-ti'ra Stry'ma
Su'na Sy'phax
T.-.u-ro^r.-n'-T^-les'to
Sory-mse Spa'co
Sta'ti-us 10 Strym'no
Su'sa " Sy-pha-'um
i-um Tcl'c-thus
Som'nus Spar'ta
Sta-sic'ra-tes Stry'mon
Su'sa-na Syr'a-ces
Tau'nis Tel-e-thu'sa
Son'chis 12 Spar'ta-cus
Sta'tor Stym-phali-
Su-si-a'na, or Syr-a-co'si-a
Tax'i-la Ta-leu'ri-ns
Son-tl'a-tes Spar'tse, or
Stel-la'tes a, or Stym-
Su'sis 10
Tax'i-lus, orTe-leu'ti-as
Pop'a-ter Spar'ti
SteTli-o phalis
Su-ra'ri-on Syr-a-cu'sae 8
Tax'i-k's '! el-Sa'ne
So'phax Spar-ta'ni, or
Ste'na Ptym-phalus
Su'tri-um Syr'a-ciue,
Tax-i-ma<i'- Tcl'ii-a*
So-phe'ne 8 Spar-ti-a'-
Sten-o-bcc'a Styg'ne
S"y-as'r«s (Eng.)
ui-lus Tenis
Soph'o-clc» ta: 22
Ste-noc'ra-tesSt v rra
SyV/a-ris Syrt-a
Ta-yg'e-te, orTel'lus
Soph-o-nis'bacpar-ti-a'nus
So'phron Spe'chi-a 12
tSo-phron'i- Spen'di-us
Sten'tor Sty'rus
Steph'a-na Styx
Steph'a-nus Su-ar-do'nei
Svb-«-ri'ta Sy'rinx
Syb'a-rJte, Syr-o-ph«'-
(Eng.) nix
Th-v-ge'te Tel-rnes'sug,
•Ta-yg'e-tus, or Tel-
or Ta-vg'e- mis'eas
cus Spen'don
Ster'o-pe Su-ba'tri-i-V
Syb'o-tas SjT-o-ph«e-
ta Te'lon
Soph-ro-nis'- Sper-chi'us 12
Ster'o-pes ?ub-lic'i-us'<;i
Sv-cin'uus ni'ces
Te-a'num Tel-thu'sa
cus Sper-ma-
Ste-«acn'o-rusSub'o-ta
Sv'e-dra Sy'ros
Te'a-ms Te'lys 2«
So-phro'ni-a toph'a-gi
Ster-tin'i-us Sub-ur'ra
Sy'e-ne8 Syrtes
Te-a'te-a, Te-ma'the-»
So-pliro'sy- fpeu-sippus
ne Speu-teri-se
Ste-sag'o-ras Su'cro
Stes-i-cle'a Sue's*
Sy-c-ne'si-us Sy'rus
10 Sys-i-gam'bis
Te'a-te, or Te-me'ni-um
Te-ge'a-te '!'e-me-ni'tes
Sop'o-lis Sphe'rus
Ste-sim'bro- Sues'so-nes
Sy-en'i-tes Sy-sirn'e-
Tech-mes'si Tem'e-nus
So'ra Sphinx
tus Sue-to'ni-us
Syg'a-ros thres
Tech'na-tis Tem-e-rin'da
So-rac'res, Spi'o
Sthen'e-le Sue'vi
Sv-Ie'a Sys'i-nas
Tec'ta-mus Tem'e-sa
and So-rac'-Spho'dri-as
Sthen'e-lus Sue'\-i-us
Syl'e-iu Sy'thas
Tec-tos'a-ge-! Tem'e-se
te Sphra-gid'i-
Sthe'nis Suf-fe'nus
or Tec-tos'-Tem'nes
So-ra'nus um
Sthe'no Suf-fe'ti-iis,
T
a-gae Tem'nos
So'rex Spi-cillus
Sthen-o-ba;'a or Fu-fe'-
Te'ge'a, or Tem'pe
^-ritT-a 10 Spin'tha-rus
StilTje, or ti-us
TA-AU'TES Ta-nu'si-us
Te-gar'a Ten't-dot
StilTai-a [Sui'das
Tab'ra-ca Gertni-nus
Teg'u-la Te'nes 26
Ta-bur'nus 1O
Tcffy-ra • Tui'e-sis
« Smintlicus This
Tac-fa-ri'- Ta'phi-ae
Tel-us * Te'nos 2S
word, like Orpheus and
* Sporadet. — This word
nr.l Ta'phi-us
Te'i-um, or Ten'ty-ra,
others of the same form,
has the accent placed on
Ta-champ'- Ta'phi-us, or
IVos Egypt
has the accent on the
the first syllable by all our
so Ta-phi-as'-
Tel'a-mon Ten-ty'ra,
first syllable ; but poets
prosodists ; but a mere
Ta'chos, or sus
Tel-a-mo-ni'- Thrace
ofien contract the two lait
English ear is not only in-
Ta'chus Tap-roVa-ne
a-des Te'os, or Te-
syllables into -one; as
clined to place the accent
Tac'i-t«2t Tap'sus
Tel-chi'nes i-os
Pope—
on the second syllable, but
Tacl-tus 24 Tap'y-ri 3
Tel-chin'i-a Te-re'don
O, Smintheus, spnmgfrom
to pronounce the word as
if it were a dissyllable, Spo-
T«'di-a Tar'a-nis
Taen'a-rus Ta'ras
Tel-chin'i-us Te-ren'ti-a
Tel'chis Te-ren-ti-a'-
Thou guardian pow'r of
Cilia the divine !
See Idomenena.
rades ; but this is so gross
an error, that it cannot be
too carefully avoided,
t Suidtu. — This word is
Tz'ni-as Tar-ax-ip'-
Ta'ges pus
Ta-go'ni-us Tar-bel'li 3
Ta'gus Tar-che'ti-us
Te'le-a, ", 19 nus
Te-leb'o-as Te-ren'tus
Te-leb'o-a?, tTe're-us
or Te-leb'-Ter-ges'te,
+ Sophmnicu*. — I find
generally heard, even a-
Ta-la'si-os 10 10
o-es and Ter-
this word in no prosodist
monjj the learned, in two
Tal'a-us Tar'chon
Tel-e-bo'i-des gestum
_but Labbe; and he places
syllables, as if written Sui-
Tal-a'y-ra 6 Ta-ren'tum,
the accent on the penulti-
dtu. Labbe, however,
Tal'e-tum or
mate syllable, like most
other words of this termina-
makes it three syllables,
and accents the first ; al-
Tal-thyb'i-us Ta-ren'tus
Talus Tar'na;
* Tap /ret us and Taygete.
—All our prosodists but
tion ; unless, says he, any
one thinks it more likely
to be derived from Soph-
though, says he, by what
right I know not, it is gen-
erally pronounced with the
Tam'a-rus Tar'pa
Ta'mos Tar-pei'a 5
Ta-ma'se-a Tar-pei'us5
Lempriere, accent these
words on the antepenulti-
mate syllable, as if divided
r 'n, than from victory;
that is, by uniting a gene-
ral termination to the root
of the word, than combin-
ing it with another word
significant of itself: but as
there is a Greek adjective
"itu^nixtf, signifying or-
dained by nature to tem-
peranre, it is much more
probable that Sophrvnicu*
is this adjective used sub-
accent on the penultimate.
It may be observed, that if
we place the accent on the
first syllable, the i in the
second must be pronounced
like e ; and that the gene-
ral pronunciation which
Labbe complains of, that
of placing the accent on
the second syllable, must,
in our English pronuncia-
tion of Greek or Latin
Tam'pi-us Tar-quin'i-a
Tam'y-rus Tar-quin'i-i-"
Tam'y-ris Tar-quin'i-us
Tan'a-gra Tar-quit'i-us
Tan'a-grus, 27
or Tan'a- Tar'qui-tus
ger Tar-ra-ci'na
Tan'a-is Tar'ra-co
Taa'a-quil Tar-ni'ti-us
Tan-tal'i- 10
des Tar'sa
Tan'ta-lus Tar'si-us 10
into Ta-yg'e-tus and Ta-
yg'e-te. I am therefore,
rather inclined to suppose
the quantity marked in
his dictionary an error of
the press. The lines in
Lily's (fntK Genng will
easily call to the recollec-
tion "of every scholar how
early he adopted the an-
tepenultimate pronuncia-
tion.
itantively, than that it
should be compounded of
words, preserve the t in its
long open sound, as in idle;
Tartars, Taygetus, sic Taj-
i er;!, Mnssica, et altus
2»<!.vt and »<2»f, conquer-
ing temperance; and there-
fore the antepenultimate
accent seems preferable.
if, therefore, we pronounce
the t in this manner, it is
a sufficient proof that we
place the accent on tliepcn-
ultimate syllable; which,
though common, is, as
Labbe observes, without
good authority.
t Terete.— For words o-
this termination, see Ido-
meneus.
THE
THY
29
TttA
TYA
Te'ri-as 19 Tlie-ar'i-das
The-ox-e'ni- Thi'a
Thy-a-ti'ra Ti-mox'e-nus
Tra-chin'i-a Troch'o-is 1*
Ter-i-ba'i!us The-ar'nus
us • Thi'as
Thy-bar'ni Tin'gis
rrach-o-ni'tisTro;-ze'ne
Te-rid'a-e 19 The-a-te'tes
Phe'ra Tliim'bron
1 hv-es'ta Ti'pha
J'ra'gus 'i rog'i -his 24
Ter-i-da'tes The'baS
L'he-rr.m'bus Tl.l-od'a-mas
Thy-es'tcs Ti'phys
l'raj-a-nop'o- Trog-lod'y-
Tort-gum *Thelitt,
1'he-ram'e- Thisl)e
Thym'bra Tiph'y-sa
lis te
Ter-meu'ti-a (Eng.)
r.ss This'i-asiO
Thym-bras'- Ti-ri'si-as 10
Tra-ja'nus Tro'gus Pora-
10 Theb'a-is
rhe-iT.p'ne, This'o-a
us Tir-i-ba'sus
Trafjan, pe'i-us
Ter-me'rus 27The'be, or
or Tc-rap'- Tho-an'tU
n-,vm1)ris 'J'ir-i-da'tes
(Eng.) Tro'ja
Ter-me'sus 27 The'uae
ne um 10
1'hym'bron Ti'ris 18
Tral'les Trmj, (E;ig.)
Ter-mi-na'li- The'i-a
The'ras Tho'as
i'hym'e-le Ti'ro
Trans- tito-er- *Tro'i-lus
a The'i-as 5
Ter-mi-na'lia Thel-e-phas'-
The-rip'pi- Tho'eS
das Thom'y-ris'9
I'hy-mi'a- Ti-ryn'thi-a
this Ti-ryii'thus
i'na Trom-en-ti'-
Tra-pe'zus na
Termi-nus sa
Ter'uii-sus, '] hel-pu'sa
Thert-tas Tho'lus
Ther'ma tThon
Thy-moch'a- Ti-sae'um
res 'J'i-sag'o-ras
Tra-sul'lus Troph'i-inus
Tre-ba'ti-us Tro-pho'ni-
or Ter- '1 helx-i'on *9
riKr-mo'donTho'nis
Thy-mce'tos 'J i-snm'e-nes
10 US
mes'sus Thelx-i'o-pe
rher-mop'y- Tho'on
Thy-od'a- 1'i-sau'drus •
Tre-bel-li-a'- Tros
Tcr-pan'dct The-me's.-on
la? Tho'o-sa
mas Ti-sar'chus 1*
nus Tros'su-!um
Terp-sich'o- 21
Ther'mus Tho-o'tes
Thy-o'ne Ti-si'a-rus
Tre-beMi-e'- Trot'i-lum
re 8 The'mis
The-rod'a- Tho-ra'ni-us
Thv-o'ne-us Tis'i-as 10
nus Tru-en'tum,
Terp-sJc'ra-teTlie-mis'cy-
roas Tho'rax
I'hv'o-t.s Ti-siph'o-ne
Tre-belli-us or Tru-en-
Ter-ra-ci'na ra
The'ron Tho'ri-a
Thy're Ti-siph'o-nus
Tre'bi-a ti'imm
Ter-ra-sid'i- Them'e-nus
Ther-pan'derThor'iiax
Thyr'e-a Tis-sam'e-
TreT)i-us Tryph'e-nis
us Them'i-soii
Ther-san'der Thor'sus
Thyr'e-ui nus
Tre-bo'ni-a Trvi>li-i-c>-
Ter'ti-a l« The-mis'ta
Ther-sil'o- Tho'us
Thvr'i-ou'M Tis-sa-ph cr'-
Tre-bo'ni-us do'rus
Ter'ti-us 10 The-mis'ti-us
chus Thra'ce
Thvr-sag'c- nes
Treb'u-la 19 Try'phon
Ter-tu-li-a'- The-mis'to-
nus cles
Ther-sip'pus Thra'ces
Tlier-si'tes 1 Thra'ci-a
tie Ti-tse'a.
ThyVsos Ti'ti-.n, Ti-
Tre'rus Try-plio'sa
Trav'e-ri 3 Tu'be-ro 19
Te'thys 26 Them-i-
Thes-bi'tes Thrace,
Thy'us ta'nus
Tri-a'ri-a Tuc'ci-a 10
Te-t:ap'o-lis stog'e-nes
The-se'i-dse (Eng.)
Ti'a-sa 1 Tit'a-na
Tri-a'ri-us Tuk'ahe-a
Tet'ri-cus The-o-cle'a
Thc-se'is Thrac'i-dac 19
Tib-a-re'ni Ti-ta'iies
Tri-baHi 3 Tu'ci-a 10
Teu'cer The'o-cles
The'se-us Thra'cis
Ti-be'ri-as Ti'tans,
Trib'o-ci Tu'der, or
Teu'cri 3 The'o-clus
The-si'dae Thra'se-asii
'! ib-e-ri'nus (Eng.>
Tri-bu'ni Tu-der'ti-a
Teu'cri-a The-o-clym'-
The-si'dcs Thra-sid'e-us
Tib'c-iis Ti-ta'ni-a
Tric-as-ti'ni 3 in
Teuc'te-ri 3 e-nus
Thcs-mopli- Thra'si-us 10
Ti-be'ri-us Ti-tan'i-des
Tric'ca; Tu'dri 3
Teu-mes'sus The-oc'ri-tus
o'ri-a Thra'so
Ti-be'sis Ti -ta'nus, (a
Trwk'xe 1u-gi'ni,or
Teu'ca The-od'a-
Thes-moth'- Thras-y-bu'-
Ti-bul'lis giant)
Tri-cla'ri-a Tu-ge'ni
Teu-ta'mi-as, mas, or
e-tae lus
Ti'bur Tit'a-ims, (a
Tri-cre'na Tu-gu-ri'nus
or Teu'ta Thi-od'a-
Thes-pi'a Thras-y-dac'-
Ti-bur'ti-us river)
Tri-e-tert-ca 2a
mis mas
Thes-pi'a-da; us
10 Tit-a-re'si-us
Trif-o-li'nus Tu-is'to
Teu'ta-mus The-o-dec'tes
Teu'tas, or The-od-o-re'-
Thes pi'a-desTlira-synus
Thes'pi-ae Thra-sym'a-
Ti-bur'tus 10
Tich'i-usi2 Tit'e-nus
Tri-na'cri-a, Tu-lin'gi 3
orTrin'a- Tul'la
Teu-ta'tes tus
Thes'pis chus
'1 ic'i-da Tith-e-nid'i-a
cris Tul'li-a
Teu'thras Tte-od'o-ret,
Teu-tom'a- (Eng.)
Thes'pi-us.orThras-y-me'-
Thes'ti-xis des
Ti-ci'nus Ti-tho'nus
Tid'i-us Tit'i-a 19
Tii-no-ban'- Tul'li-o-la
tes Tul'li-us
tus The-od-o-ri'-
Teu'to-ni, tus
Thcs-pro'ti-aThras-y-me'-
10 nus
Ti-es'sa Tit-i-a'na 21
Tif'a-ta Tit-i-a'nu*
Tri-oc'a-la, Tu-ne'ta, or
or Tri'o-cla Tu'nis
and Teu'-The-o-do'ra
Thes-nro'tus Thre-ic'i-us
Ti-fer'num Tit'i-i 3, 19
Tri'o-pas, or Tun'gri
to-ncs The-o-do'rus
Thes-sa'li-a 24
Tig'a-sis Ti-t! raus'tes
Tri'ops Tu-ra'ni-US
Tha-ben'a The-o-do'si-
Thes-sa'li-on Thre-is'^a
Tig-cl-H'nus Ti-tin'i-us
Tri-phyl'i-a Tur'bo
Tha'is us 10
29 Threp-sip'-
21 Ti'ti-us o, 19
Tri-phil'lis 1 Tiir-;te-ta'ni
Tlia'la The-od'o-ta
Thes-sa-li'o- pas
Ti-gelli-ua I'i-tor'mus
Tri-phi'lus Tu-re'sis
Tha 'a-me The-o do'ti-
Ti-gra'ce« Ti-tu'ri-us
Trip'o-usl9 Tu'ri-us
Tha-las'si-us on n
»Thes-sa-lo» Thro'ni-um
Tig-ran-o- Ti'ius
Trip-tol'e- Tur'nus
""ha'lcs The-od'o-tus
ni'ca 30 Thry'on
cer'ta Tit'v-rus
mus Tu'ro-nes
Tha-les'tri-a.The-og-ue'-
Thes'sa-!us Thrv'us
Ti'gres Tit'y-us 10
Triq'ue-tra Tur'pi-o
or Tha-les'- tes
Thes'te Thu-ryd'i-
'1'i'gris Tle-po!'e-
Tris-me-gis'- Tu-rul'li-us
tris The-orfnis
Tlies'ti-a des
Tig-u-ri'ni3 mus 1G
tus Tus-ca'ni-a,
Tha-!e'tts,27 The-om-nee'-
Thes-ti'a-de, Thu-is'to
Til-a-tse'i < Tma'rus
Trit'i-a 10 and '1'us'-
Tha-li'a 30 tus
and Thes- Thule 8
Ti-mse'a Tmo'lus 13
Trit-o-ge-ni'a ci-a 10
Thal'pi-us Th?'on
ti'a-des Thu'ri-ir, or
Ti-mas'us Tnoch'a-ri
30 Tus'ci 3
rham'v-ras The-on'o-e 3
fham y-ris The'o pe
Thes'ti-a» Thu'ri-um
Thes'ti-us Thu'ri-r.us
Ti-mag'e-nes To-ga'ta
Ti-mag'o-ras Toi'mi-des
Tri'ton Tus-cu-Ia'-
Tri-to'nis num
Thar-.e'li-a The-oph'a-ne
Thes'tor Thus'ci-a
Ti-maii'dra 1'o-lo'sa
Tri-ven'ium Tus'cu-lum
Th.-.-ri'a-des The-oph'a-
Thes'ty-lis ThVa
Ti-man'dri- To-lum'nus
Triv'i-a Tus'cua
Tha'rops 26 nes
The'tis Thy'a-des
des To'lus
Triv'i-a'-aii'- Tu'ta
Thap'sa-cus The-o-pha'-
Theu'tis, or Thy'am-ig
Ti-man'thes To-ma;'um
trum Tu'ti-a 10
Thvsi-us, or ni-a
Teu'this Thy'a-na
Ti-mar'clws Tom'a-rus '9.
Tri- , i-se-lu'- Tu'ti-cum
Thra'si-us The-oph'i-
12 Tom'i-sa
cus Ty'a-na
10 his
Tha'sos 'iS The-o-
Tim-a-re'ta 'lo'mos, or
Ti-ma'si-on _ To'mis
Tri-vi cum ^ 1 y-a nc-itSt
Tri-um'vi-ri * or Ty-a-
Tha'sus phras'tus
T h au-man'ti-The-o-pol'-
word, like every other of a
similar termination, is sure
11 To!ii'y-iis '9
Tim-a-sith'- To'ne-a
Tro'a-des ne'us
Tro'as Ty-a-ni'tis
,?s, and e-mus
Th?.u-man'-Thc-o-pona'-
tis pus
Thnu'mas The-o-phy-
Tliau-ma'si- lac'tus
us , The-oph'y-
to be pronounced by a
mere English scholar with
the accent on the third
syllable; but this must be
avoided on pain of literary
e-us Ton-gil'li
Ti-moV«U To-pa'zos
Ti-me'si-usll'1'op'i-ris, or
Ti-moch'a- lop'rus
ris'2 Tort-ni 3
Tim-o-cle'a To-ro'ne
* TroUas. — This word is
almost always heard as if
it were two syllables only,
and as if written Troy'lus.
Thc'a lact, (Eng.)
The-a^e-res The-o'ri-us
The-a'ges Tha-o-ti'mus
i rhon, a physician of
Egypt. — Milton spells this
word with the final e, mak-
Ti-moc'ra-tesTor-qua'ta
Ti-mo'cre-on Tor-qua'tus
Tim-o-<le'- Tor'tor
This is a corruption of
the first magnitude: the
vowels should be kept se-
The-a'no The-ox'e-na
Tlie-a'num The-ox-e'ui-a
ing it one syllable only, and
consequently pronouncing
it so as to rhyme with tone :
mus To'rus
Tim-o-la'u« Tor'y-ne
'i i-mo'le-on Tox-a-rid'i-a
parate, as if written Tro'e-
lus. — See Zoiltis.
t Tyaneus.— This word
Ti-mo'lusl3 i!)
Is only used as an adjective
* Titles.— Thtbes in
Egypt was called Hem
ti»n'p!/!nii, fi'om having a
hundred gates ; andThebe
Not that Nepenthe, which
the wife of Thane,
In Egypt, gave to Jove-
born Helena,
Ti-mom'a- Tox.'e-us
chus Tox-ic'ra-te
Ti'mon Tra'be-a
Ti-moph'a- Trach'a-lus
to Apollonius, the celebrat-
ed Pythagorean philosoph-
er, and is formed from the
town of Tyanti, where he
in Grei'ce Heptap'ylot
from its seven gate*.
Is of such power to stir up
joy as this. COM-I-J.
nes 12
T-i-mo'the-usTra'chas
was born. The natural
formation of this adjectivi
VAL VIC «3U XYN ZYO
TyTwU Ty-rkJi-ni'on
TyT>ur Ty-ran'nus
Ty-chel* Ty'ras, or
Ty'ke T/ra
Tych'i us 12 Ty'res
TycrT.-cus l2Tyr-i-da'tes
Ty'de Tyr'i-i4
>Tyd'e-us Ty-ri'o-tes
Ty-di'des Ty'ro
Va-!e-ri-a'- Ver-e'na
nus Vev-gil'i-a
Va-le'ri-an, Ver-gas-il-
(Eng.) lau'nus
Va-le'ri-us Ver-gel'lus
Val'e-rus Ver-gil'l-ae
Val'gi-us Ver-gin'i-us
Van-da'U-i3, Ve/gi-um
4 Ver-go-bre'-
Vic-to'ri-us Vol-a-tfinl-u*
Vic-to-ri'na Vo-la'na
Vic-to-ri'nus Vo-!an'dum
Vic-turn' vi-a»Vol-la-tcr'ra
Vi-en'na Vol'cae, or
Vil'li-a Vol'gae
Villi-us Vo-lofe-ses
Vim-i-nalis Vo-log'e-sus
Vin-cen'ti-us Vol'scens
a
ZAB'A-TCS Zeph'y-nis
19, 27 Zeph'y-rum
Zab-di-ce'ne Ze-ryn'thu*
Za-bir'na Ze'thes, or
Zab'u-lus Ze'tus
Za-cyn'thus Zeu-gi-ta'na
Za-grae'us Zeug'ma
Ty-e'nis Ty-rog'ly-
TymTjor phus
Van-gi'o-nes tus
Van'ni-us Vert-las
10 Vol'sci, or
Vin'ci-us Vol'ci
Za'grus Ze'us
Zal'a-tes 19 Zeux-id'a-
Ty-mo'i-us T/ios
Tym-pa'ni-a Tyr-rhel-das
Tym-phsel 3 Tyr-rhe'i-des
Tyn-dai'i- Tyr-rhe'nl
Va-ra'nrs Ver-o-doc'ti-
Var-<lie'i us 10
Va'ri-a Ver-o-man'-
Va-ri'ni 3 du-i
Vin-da'li-us Vol-sin'i-um
Vin-del'i-ci 4 Vol-tin'i-a
Vin-dc-mi-a'-Vo-lum'nae
tor Fa'num
Za-!eu'cus mus
Za'ma, or Zeux'i-das
Zag'ma Zeu-xip'pe
Za'me-is Zeu'xis
des Tyr-rhe'num
Tyn'da-rls Tyr-rhc'nus
Va-ris'ti Ve-ro'na
Va'ri-us Ve-ro'nes
Vin'dex Ju'- Vo-lum'ni-a
li-us Vo-lum'nus
Za-mol'xis Zeu-xo
Zan'cle Zi-gi'ra
Tyn'da-nis Tyr'rhe-us
Varto Ver-o-ni'ca 30
Vin-dicl-us Vo-lum'ni-us
Zan-the'nes Zil'i-a, or
Tvn'ni-chus Tvr-rhj'doc
Ty-phce'us, Tyr'sis
Va'ius Ver-re-gi'-
Vas-co'ne« num.
10 Vo-lup'tas,
Vin-do-nis'sa and Vo-lu'-
Zan'thi-cles Ze'lis
Za'rax Z!-my'ri
or Ty-phce'-Tyr-te'us
os, sub. Ty'rus, or
Vat-i-ca'nus Ver'res, C.
Va-tin'i-i;s Ver'ri-tus
Vi-nic'i-us 10 pi-a
Vi-nid'i-us Vol-u-se'nus
Zar-bi-e'nus Z;-ob'e-r;s
Zar-i-as'pes Zi-pre'tis
Ty-pho'e-us, Tv'ros
Vat-i'e-nus Ver'ri-us
Vi'ni-us Vo-lu-si-a'-
Za'thes Zmil'a-ces i«
a.!'. Tyst, (Eng.)
U'bi-i 4 •) Ver-ru'go
Vin'ni-us nus
Ze-bi'na tZo'i-lus 29
Ty'phon Tys'i-asio
TJ-cal'e-gon Ver'ti-co
U'cu-bis Ver-ti-cor'di-
Vip-sa'ni-a Vo-lu-si-us 10
VirTji-us Vol'u-sus
Ze'la, or Zo-ip'pus
Ze'li-a Zo'na
U, V
Vec'ti-usio a
Vir-gil'i-us Vo'.'ux
Zeles Zon'a-ras
Ve'di-us Pol'-Ver-tis'cus
fif'gil, . Vo-ma'nus
Ze-!ot'y-pe Zoph'o-nis
VAC-C.E'I 3 Valcns
li-o Ver-tum'nus
(Eng.) Vo-no'nes
Zelus Zo-pyr'i-o
Va-cu'na Va-len'ti-a 10
Ve-ge'ti-us l^Ver-u-la'nus
Vir-gin'i-a Vo-pis'cus
Ze'no Zo-pyrt-on
Va'ga Val-en-;in-i-
Ve'i-a Ve'rus
Vir-gin'i-us Vo-ra'nus
Ze-noT^i-a Zop'y-ius '9
Vsg-e-dru'sa a'nus
Ve-i-a'nus Ves'bi-us, or
Vir-i-a'thus Vo-ti'e-nus 22
Zen'o-cles Zor-o-a»'ter
Va-gelli-us Fa-len-tin'i-
Ve-i-en'tes Ve-su'bi-us
Vir-i-dom'a- U-ra'ni-a
Zcn-o-cli'des Zos'i-rr.ua
Va-ss'ni3 an, (Eng.}
Ve-i-en'to Vss-ci-a'num
rus U-ra'ni-i, or
Zen-o-do'rus Zos'i-r.e
Vala Va-le'n-a
Ve'i-i 3 Ves-pa-si-a'-
Vir-ipla-ca U'ri-i
Zen-o-do'ti-a Zos-te'ri-a
Vej'o-vis nus
Virto U'ra-nus
*Zo-nod'o- Zo-thrav.s'td
would undoubtedly be Ty-
aneus, with the accent on
Ve-laT>rum Ves-pa'si-an,
Ve-la'ni-us (Eng.)
Ve'li-a Ves-cu-la'ri-
Vir'tus Ur-bic'u-a
Vi-selli-us UrTji-cus
Vi-sel'lus U'ri-a
tus Zy-gan'tes
Ze-noth'e- Zyg*e-na
mis Zyg'i-a
the antepenultimate sylla-
ble. Labbe, at the word
Tyana, says, " et inde de-
ductum Ttinneus; quid-
VeH-ca us
Ve-li'na Ves'e-ris
Ve-li'num V< -se'vi-us,<S:
Ve-li-o-cas'si3 Ve-se'vus
Vi-tel'li-a U'ri-tes
Vi-tel'li-us Ur-sid'i-us
Vit'i-a 10 Us-ca'na
Vit'ri-cus U-sip'e-tes, or
Ze-noph'a- Zy-gom'a-Is
nes Zy-gop'o-lis
Ze-phyrt-umZy-gri'tae
quid sciam reclamare .non-
Vel-i-ter'na Ves'ta
Vi-tru'vi-us U-sip'i-ci 3
nullos sod immerito. ut
Ve-li'tras Ves-tales
Vit'u-la Us-ti'ca
* Zenoiotua. — All our
satis norunt eruditi."
The numberless autho-
Vel1a-ri3 Ves-tali-a
Velle-da Ves-tic'i-us«4
Ul-pi-a'nus U'ti-ca
Ufpi-an, Vul-ca-nali-a
prosodists but Lempriere
give this word the ante-
rities which might be
brought for pronouncing
this word either way, suffi-
ciently show how equivo-
cal is its accent, and of how
little importance it is to
Vel-le'i-us Ves-til'i-us
«Ve-na'frum Ves-tilla
Ven'e-di Ves-ti'ni 3
Ven'e-li Ves-ti'nus
Ven'e-ti 3 Ves'u-lus
Ve-ne'ti-a rO Ve-su'vi-us
(Eng.) Vul-ca'ni
U'lu-brae Vu!-ca'ni-us
U-lys'ses Vul-ca'nus
(JmTjer Vufcan,
UmTjra (Eng.)
UmTjri-a Vul-ca'ti-us
penultimate recent; and
till a good reason is civen
why it should differ from
Herodotus, I must beg*
leave to follow the majo-
rity.
which we give the prefer-
Ven'ta, Vet'ti-us
U:r.-brig'i-us 10
(• Zoilus. — The two vow-
ence. My private opinion
coincides with Labbe ; but
as we generally find it
written with the diph-
thong, we may presume the
penultimate accent has pre-
vailed, and that it is the
(Eng.) Vet-to'nes
Ven'e-tus Vet-u-lo'ni-a
Ve-niH-a Ve-tu'ri-a
Ve-no'ni-us Ve-tu'ri-us
Ven-tid'i-us Ve'tus
Ven'ti 3 U'fens
Ven-u-lel-us Uf-en-ti'na
24 Vul'so
UmTiro Vul'tu-ra
Un'ca Vul-tu-re'i-us
Un'chae Vul-tu'ri-us
Un-de-cem'- Vul-tur'num
vi-ri 3 Vul-tur'nus
U-nel'li 3 Vul-si'num
els iu this word are always
separated in the Greek arid
Latin, but in the English
pronunciation of it they
are frequently blended in-
to a diphthong, as in the
words oil, boil, &r. 1 his,
safest to follow.
Ven'u-lus Vi-bid'i-a
Unx'i-a Ux-el-lo-du'-
however, is an illiterate
* Tydevs.— This word,
Ve'nus Vi-bid'i-us
Vo-co'ni-a r,um
pronunciation, and should
like several others of the
Ve-nu'si-a, orVib'i-us
Vo-ro'ni-us Ux'i-i 3
be avoided* The word
same termination, was
Ve-nu'si- ViT>a
Vo-con'ti-a -OUx-is'a-ma
shcu'.d have three sylla-
pronounced by the Greeks
sometimes in three ar.d
um 10 Vib-u-le'nus
Ve-ra'gri Vi-bul'li-us
Vog'e-sus U'zi-ta
bles, and be pronounced
as if written Zoe-lus,
sometimes in two syllables,
Ve-ra'ni-a Vi'ca Po'ta
X
the cu considered as a diph-
Ve-ra'ni-us Vi-ce'ta, or
thong. When it was pro-
Ver-big'e-nus Vi-ce'ti-alO
XAN'THB 17 Xen-o-cli'dcs
nounced in three syllables,
the penultimate syllable
was long, and the accent
Ver-cel'lae Vi-cel'U-us
Ver-cin-get'- Vic'tor
o-rix Vic-to'ri-a
Xan'thi Xe-noc'ra-tes
Xan'thi-a Xe-nod'a-mus
Xan'thi-ca Xe-noil'i-ce
By inspecting the fore-
going Vocabulary, we ice
that, notwithstanding all
was on it, as we find it in
Xan-thip'pe Xe-nod'o-
the barriers with which the
a verse of Wilkie*s Epigo-
Xan-thip'pus chus
learned have guarded the
niad;
* Venafrum, — Though
Xan'tho Xen-o-do'rus
accentuation of the dead
Venus, still partial to the
Theban arms,
the accent may be placed
either on the antepenulti-
Xan-tho-pu'- Xe-nod'o-tus
lus Xe-noph'a-
languages, still some words
there are which despise
Tydens' son seduced by fe-
male charms.
mate or the penultimate
syllable of this word, the
Xan'thus nes
Xan'ti-cles Xe-noph'i-lus
their laws, and boldly a-
dopt the analogy of Eng-
But the most prevailing
pronunciation was that
with the antepenultimate
accent, as we generally find
it in Pope's Homer :
Xext came Idomeneus and
Tydctig' son.
latter is by far the prefer-
able, as it is adopted by
Lempriere, Labbe, Gould-
man, and other good au-
thorities,
t Verrugo — I have given
this word the penultimate
Xan-tip'pe Xen'o-phon
Xan-tip'pus Xen-o-phon-
Xe-nag'o-ras ti'us
Xe-nar'chus Xen-o-pi-thi'-
Xen'a-res a
Xen'e-tus Xerx'es 17
Xe'ne-us Xeu'xes
lish pronunciation. It is
true the catalogue of these
is not very numerous ; for,
as an error of this kind in-
curs the penalty of being
thought illiterate and vul-
gar, it is no wonder that
Ajnx the less, and Ajax
accent with Lempriere, in
Xc-ni'a-des Xu'thus
a pedantic adherence to
Telamon.
opposition to Amsworth,
Xe'ni us Xy'chus
Greek and Latin should,
Pope'* Horn. b. ii. v. 50.
who adopts the antepen-
Xen-o-cle'a Xyn'i-ns
in doubtful cf.ses, be gen-
See Idomenev*.
ultimate.
Xen'o-clei Xyn-o-ich'i-a
erally preferred.
81
But as the letters of the
dead languages have insen-
sibly changed their sound
by passing into the living
ones, so it is impossible to
preserve the accent from
sliding sometimes into the
analogies of our own
tongue ; and when once
words of this kind are fix-
ed in the public ear, it is
not only a useless, but a
pernicious pedantry to dis-
turb them. Who could
hear without pity of Alex-
ander's passing the river
Grcmi'cus, or of his marry-
ing the sister of Parys'a-
tis? These words, and
several others, must be
looked upon as planets shot
from their original spheres,
and moving round another
centre.
After all the care, there-
fore, that has been taken
to accent words according
to the best authorities,
some have been found so
differently marked by dif-
ferent prosodists, as to
make it no easy matter to
know to which we shall
give tne preference. In
this case I have ventured
to give my opinion with-
out presuming to decide,
and merely as an 'Hvuri-
K<J», or Interim, till the
learned have pronounced
the final sentence.
PREFACE TO THE TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARY.
TAKING a retrospective view of language, or surveying
it in its terminations, affords not only a new but an ad-
vantageous view of all languages. The necessity of
this view induced me, several years ago, to arrange the
whole English language according to its terminations ;
and this arrangement I found of infinite use to me in
consulting the analogies of our tongue. A conviction
of its utility made me desirous of arranging the Greek
and Latin proper names in the same manner, and more
particularly as the pronunciation of these languages
depends more on the termination of words than any
other we are acquainted with. Of such utility is this
arrangement supposed to be in the" Greek language, that
the son of the famous Hoogeveen, who wrote on the
Greek particles, has actually printed such a dictionary,
•which only waits for a preface to be published. The
labour of such a selection and arrangement must have
been prodigious ; nor is the task I have undertaken in
the present work a slight one ; but the idea of render-
ing the classical pronunciation of proper names still
more easy, encouraged me to persevere in the labour,
nowever dry and fatiguing.
1 flattered myself I had already promoted this end,
by dividing the proper names into syllables upon ana-
logical principles ; but hoped I could still add to the
facility of recollecting their pronunciation by the ar-
rangement here adopted ; which, in the first place, ex-
hibits the accent and quantity of every word by its ter-
mination.
In the next place, it shows the extent of this accentua-
tion, by producing, at one view, all the words differ-
ently accented, by which means may be formed the rule
and the exception.
Thirdly, When the exceptions are but few, and less
apt to be regarded, — by seeing them contrasted with the
rule, they are imprinted more strongly on the memory,
and are the more easily recollected. Thus, by seeing
that Sperchitts, Xenophontius, and Darius, are the on-
ly words of that numerous termination which have the
accent on the penultimate, we are at perfect ease about
all the rest.
Fourthly, By seeing that all the words ending in
tnes have universally the antepenultimate accent, we
easily recollect that the pronunciation of Kumenes with
the accent on the penultimate is radically wrong, and
is only tolerated because adopted by some respectable
writers. Thus, too, the numerous termination in arles
is seen to be perfectly antepenultimate ; and the ambi-
guous termination in ides is freed in some measure from
its intricacy, by seeing the extent of both forms con-
trasted. This contrast, without being obliged to go to
Greek etymologies, thows at one view when this termi-
nation has the accent to the penultimate t, as in Ty-
dides; and when it transfers the accent to the penulti-
mate, as in Thucydides ; which depends entirely on the
quantity of the original word from which these pa-
tronymics are formed.
And, lastly, when the number of words pronounced
with a different accent are nearly equal, we can at least
find some way of recollecting their several accentuations
better than if they were promiscuously mingled with all
the rest of the words in the language. By frequently
repeating them as they stand together, the ear will gain
a habit of placing the accent properly, without know-
ing why it does so. In short, if Labbe's CathoKci In-
dices, which is in the hands of all the learned, be use-
ful for readily finding the accent and quantity of proper
names, the present Index cannot fail to be much more
so, as it not only associates them by their accent and
quantity, but according to their termination also ; and
by this additional association it must necessarily render
any diversity of accent more easily perceived and re-
membered.
To all which advantages it may be added, that this
arrangement has enabled me to point out the true sound
of every termination ; by which means those who are
totally unacquainted with the learned languages will
find themselves instructed in the true pronunciation of
the final letters of every word, as well as its accent and
quantity.
It need scarcely be observed, that in the following In-
dex almost all words of two syllables are omitted : for
as dissyllables in the Greek and Latin languages are al-
ways pronounced with the accent on the first, it was
needless to insert them. The same may be observed of
such words as have the vowel in the penultimate syl
lable fgllowed by two consonants : for in this case, un-
less the former of these consonants was a mute, and
the latter a liquid, the penultimate vowel was always
long, and consequently always had the accent. This
analogy takes place in our pronunciation of words
from the Hebrew ; which, with the exceptions of
some few that have been anglicised, such as B<ithlehem-
ite, Nasarene, &c. have the accent, like the Greek and
Latin words, either on the penultimate or antepenulti-
mate syllable.
It might have been expected that I should have con-
fined myself to the insertion of proper names alone,
without bringing in the gentile adjectives, as they are
called, which are derived from them. This omission
would, undoubtedly, have saved me immense trouble ;
but these adjectives, being sometimes used as substan-
tives, made it difficult to draw the line ; and as the
analogy of accentuation was, in some measure, con-
nected with these adjectives, I hoped the trouble of
collecting and arranging them would not be entirely
thrown away.
TERMINATIQNAL VOCABULARY
OF
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
AA-— Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abaa,* Nausica.
BA — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ababa, Desudaba, Alaba, Allaba,
Aballaba, Cillaba, Adeba, Abnoba,
Onoba, Arnoba, Ausoba, Hecuba,
Gelduba, Cortluba, Voluba, Rutuba.
ACA ECAt ICA OCA UCA VGA.
—Accent the Penultimate. Cleouiea,
Thessalonica, Veronica, Nodiluca,
Donuca.
Accent the Antepenultimate. lul-
r.ra, Andriaca, Malaca, Tabraca,
Mazaca, Seneca, Cyrena'ica, Belgica,
Georgica, Cabalica, Italica, Maltili-
ca, Bellies, Laconica, Lconica, Mar-
ica, Marmarica, Conimbnca, Mero-
btica, Mirobrica, Cetobrica, Anderi-
ca, America, Africa, Arborica, Are-
niorics, Armories, Norica, Tetrica,
Asturica, lllyrica, Nasica, Esica,
Corsica, Athatica, Boetica, Ceretiea,
Anp.Hica, Celtira, Saknantica, Cyr-
rhesiica, Uttica, Utica, Engravica,
Oboca, Amadoca, Aesyca, Mutyca.
DA — Accent the Penultimate. Ab-
d*da, Hecameda, Diomeda,' Amida,
Aclnda.
Aacent the Antepenultimate. Aa-
da, Adada, Symada, Bagrada, Sua-
<'.?., Vdubeda, Andromeda, Ceneda,
Agiieda, Voneda, Candida, Egida,
Andereda, FJorida,$ Pisida.
jE\ — Accent the Penultimate.
Dicsea, Nicea, and all words of this
termination.
EA— Accent the Penultimate. La-
odu-ss, Stratonkea, Cymodocea,
Medea, Ligea, Argea, Amathea,
Alphea, Krytliea, Etiialca, Malea,
lieradea, Amphiclea, Theoclea,
Agathoclea, Androclea, Euryclca,
•?ilea, Achiilsa, Asbomea, Al-
i, Cndroea, Elimea, jEnea,
Mantlnea, Maronea, Chscronea, JE-
pea, Bares, Ctesarea, Neocssaiea,
Cvtherca, Ipsaa, Hypsea, Galatea,
rlaiea, Myrtea (a cily).
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Phantacea, Ardea, Tegea, ^Ethca,
Dexithea, Leucothea, Alea, Doclea,
Elea, Marcellca, Deraea,
* As the accent is never on the last
rjttaMe of Greek or Latin proper
i; Junes, the final a must be nronounc-
rds of this ter-
ralnation , that is, nearly as the JU-
KI nh ! — See Rule 7 prefixed
Initial Vocabulary.
t Of all the words ending in ica,
Cleonica, Veronica, and Thessaloni-
ci, arc the only three which have
the penultimate accent. — See Rule
tlie 29 prefixed to the Initial Voca-
bulary, and the words Andronicus
and Sophronicui.
t I.abbe tells us that some of the
most learned men pronounce this
part of America with the accent on
the penultimate iyllable.
Castacea, Aminea, i'iculnea, Albu-
nea, Bo2a, Clupea or Clypea, Abar-
barea, Chasrea, Verrca, Laurea,
Thyrea, Rosea, Odyssea, Etea, Tri-
tea, Myrtea, (anauie of Venus;, 13 u-
tea, Abazen.
(EA Accent the Penultimate.
Melebcea, Eubcea, arid all words of
this termination.
GA— Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abaga, Cibaga. Amps.ijn,
. .'vrabriga, Aobriga,
ga, Ccelioljdga, Flaviobriga.
HA — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Malacha, Pyrthica, Adatha, Ag»tliR,
Bndenatha, Abaratha, Moaunftethn.
AIA — Atxerit fhe Antepenultimate.
Achia,* Panchai*, Aglaia, Maia.
BIA— Accent the Aiitevemiltiiinate.
Arabia, Trebia, flontrcbia, Albia,
Balbia, Oibia, Cory:aui», Zeiiobsa,
Comubia.
ClAf — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Nicacin, Dacia, S-alacia,
Wormacia, Thaumacia, Connaria,
Ambracia, Thracia, SirnothTacia,
j\rtacis, Accia, Galiacia, Grjcia,
Voadicia, Vindefichi, Ctiicia, Liby-
phoenicia, Micia, Chalcia, Fcancia,
Provincia, Cappadocia, Porcia, Mut-
cia, Ascia, Iscia, Thuscia, Boruscia,
Seleucia^t Tucia, Lycia.
DIA- — Accent the Penultimate.
Iphimedia,§ Laometlia, Protoinedia.
Accent the Aiiieixnvitimate. Ba-
dia, Arcadia, Leucadia, Media,
Iphimcdia, Nicomedia, Folymedia,
tporedii, Corsedia, Suedia, Fordi-
cidia, Numidia, Canidia, Japidia,
Pisidda, Gallovidia, Scandia, India,
Burgundia,Bbcd;3, Clodia, .Eroduft
I.ougobardia, Cardia, Verticordia,
Coacordia, Discordia, Harephoidia,
Claudia, Lydia.
EIA — Accent the Penultimate.
Elegeia,! Hygeia, Antbeia, Car-
* The vowe?s in this termination
do not form a diphthong- The ac-
cent is upon the first a, the » is pro-
nonncedlike.y consonant in yenr, and
the final a nearly like a in father,
or the interjection ah.— See Rule 7.
t Words of this termination have
the da pronounced as if written 8he~
a.— See Rule 10, prefixed to the In-
itial Vocabulary.
t See Rule 30, and the word in the
Initial Vocabulary.
§ See Iphigenta in th« Initial Fo-
cabtilary.
I The ancients sometimes separat-
ed the vowels ei in this terminal! n,
and sometimes pronounced them as
a diphthong. The general mode of
pronouncing them with us is to con-
sider them as a diphthong, and to
pronounce it as long or double e;
which from its squeezed sound, ap-
proaches to the initial y, and makes
these words pronounced as if written
theia, Aquileia, Pompeia, Deiopeia
Tarpeia, Carteia.
GIA — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Pphagia, Lagia, Atlianagia, Norvi-
eia, Cantabfigia, Orti'ia, Langia,
Eningia, Fmningia, 'Lotharingia,
Turiugia, Sergia, Orgia, Pelasgia,
Fugia, Rugia, Ogygia, Jopygia,
Phrygia, Zygia.
HI A — Actent the PenttUlnuUt.
Sophia, Anthia, F.rythea, Xeuopi-
tliia.
Accent tht Antepenultimate. Va-
lachia, LysiriKichia, Cesitaurp:'.?r.ch-
in, Inachia, Xyr.sichia, Antiochia,
Arapilochia, Munychio, Philadel-
phia, Apostrophia, Scarphia, Acry-
phia, Ematliia, .Cmathia, Alethla,
Hyaciuthia, Cannthia, '/"yrliishin,
Cyiitrtia, Tyrj'nfhia, Partfeia, Sey-
thia, Pythia.
LIA — Accent the Penultimate.
Thalia, Aristoclia, Banfia.
Accent the Antepenultimate. CE-
balia, Fomical-a, Luperealia, Aci-
dalia, Vaadalim Podalia, Mciritlia,
Robigalia, Fiigalia, {Echaiia, West-
phalia, ^EthaFia, Alalia, Vulcanalia,
Pagnalia, Bacchanalia, Tenninalia,
Fontiaalia, Vertumnalia, Portuimia-
lia, AgonaSa, Angeronalia, Saiuma-
lia, Faunalia, Ponunalia, Opslia, Li-
beralia, Ferali*, Floralia, Lemura-
li.i, Salia, Pharsaiia, Thessalia, Mt*-
lia, Italia, Compitalia, Carroontalia,
Laurentalra, Castalia, Attalia, Pys-
talia, Mamblia, ^iia, Co?lia, Bella,
Celia, Decilia, Ageiia, Helia, Cor-
nelia, Clcelia, AspeJia, Cerelia, Au-
relia, Yelia, Anglia, Ca-cilia, 5-iciila,
.'Egilia, Cingilia, Paiilin, ^Emilia,
..Enilia, Venilia, ParHia, Da*llia,
Absilia, Herailia, Msssi'.ia, Atilia,
Anatil\a, Petilia, Antilia, Qniirtilia,
Sl-e-je'yah, Hy-je'yah, &c. This is
the pronunciation which ought to be
adopted ; but scholars who are fond
of displaying their knowledge of
Greek, will be sure to pronounce
Elegeia, Hyge;*, or rather Hygieia,
Antheia, and Deiopeia, with the
diphthong like the noun eye ; while
Cartheia, or Carteia, Aqnileia, Pom-
peia, and Tarpeie, of Latin original,
are permitted to have their diph-
thongs sounded like double e, or,
which is nearly the same thiag, if
the vowels are separated, 1o sound
the e long as in equal, and t as y con-
sonant, articulating the final a.—
See note on Achaia.
For a more complete idea of the
sound of this diphthong, see the
word Pleiades in the Initial Vocabu-
lary. To which observations we
may add, that when this diphthong
in Greek is reduced to the single
long » in Latin, as in Iphigenia, El-
eifia, &.C., it is pronounced like
single i / that Is, like the noun eye.
t GREEK. AND LATIN PKOTEll NAMES.
Hostilia, Cittma, Aquilia, Pervilia,
Elaphobolia, Ascolia, Podolia, JEo-
lia, Foiia, Natolia, Anatolia, JEto-
lia. Nauplia, Daulia, Figulia, Julia,
Apulia, Gaetulia, Getuiia, Triphy-
lia, Pamphylia.
Mix—Accent tl>» Penultimate.
•Deidamia, Laodamia, Hippodamia,
Astydamia, Apamia, Hydramia,
Accent tha Antepenultimate. La-
mia, Mesopotamia, Cadmia, Aca-
demia, Archidemia, Eudemia, Isth-
min, Holmia, Posthumia.
N IA — Accent the Pemiltimate.
Amphigenra, Iphigenia.t Tritoge-
nia, Lasthenia.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Al-
liania, Sicania, Hyrcania, Arcanin,
Lucauia, Dania, Codania, Darda-
nia, Epiphania, Alania, Mania, Car-
mania, Germania, Normania, Cin-
nauia, Acaraania, Campania, Hispa-
nia, Pomcrania, Afrania, Urania,
Bassania, Actania, Edetania, Lale-
tar.ia, Occitania, Ossigitania, Mau-
ritania, Lusitania, Tuania, Sexita-
nia, Alentar.ia, Contestania, Meva-
nia, Lithuania, Transilvania, Aza-
nia, ..Enia, Actamia, Aberdenia, Is-
'henia, Tyrrhenia, Parthenia, Dio-
icau!, Meriia, Achsemenia, Armenia
Nenia, Noenia, Pcenia, Cebrenia,
Senia, Aniagnia, Signia, Albiuia,
Lacinia, Dima, Sardinia, Fulginia,
Virginia, Bechinia, Machlima, Ci-
minia, Eleusinia, Tinia, Lavinia,
Msrvinia, Lamuia, Lycemuia, Po-
lyhymnia, Alemannia, Brittania,
Fescennia, Aonia, Lycaonia, Cliao-
nia, Catalonia, Laconia, Glasconia,
Adonia, Macedonia, Marcedonia,
Caledonia, Mygdonia, Aidonia, Asi-
donia, Posidoma, Abbendonia, Her-
donia, Laudonia, Cydonia, Maeonia,
Pxonia, Pelagonia, Paphlagonia,
Arragonia, Antigonia, Sithoiiia,
ocia, Agrionia, Avalonia, Aquilo-
nia, Apollonia, Colpnia, Polonin,
•Populqnia, Vetulonia, Babylonia,
Acmonia, ^Emonia, HaiHionia, 7're-
monia, Ammonia, Hannonia, CodiV
ncnia, Sinoivia, Pannoiila, Eqnouia,
Lamponia, Pompoma, Croaia, Fe-
roiiia, Sophronia, Petronia, Antro-
nia, Daronia, Turonia, Csesonia,
Ausonia, Latonia, Tritonia, Bolto-
nia, Ulton'a, Hantonia, Viutonia,
\\intoiua, Bistoaia, Plutonia, Fa-
vonia, Sclavonia, Livonia, Arvonia,
Saxonia, Exonia, Sicyonia, rvar-
nia, Sarnia, Dorebernia. Hibernta,
Cliternia, Lindisfornia-, Vicornia,
AV'igornia, Libuynia, Calpnurnia,
b'aturnia, Pornia, Daunia, Ceiau-
nia, Acroceraunia, Junia, Clunia,
Neptunia, Ercyuia, Bythiiiia, Ma-
crynia.
OIA— Accent ttie Antepenulti-
mate. Latoia.
PIA — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Apia, Salopia, Menapia,
Messapia, Asclipia, Lampia, Olym-
pia, Ellopia, Dotopia, CEtiopia, Ce-
cropia, Mopsopia, Appia, Lappia,
Oppia, Luppia, Antuerpia.
Ill A— Accent the Pemdtimatn.
Daria.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Aria,
Baria, Fabaria, Columbaiia, Barba-
ria, Caria, Ficaria, Calcaria, Sagaria,
Megaria, Ilungaria, Pharia, Salaiia,
Hilaria, Allaria, Mallari.i, Si^illaija,
Anguillaria, Samaria,^ Palmaria,
* See Rule 30.
•f Se« this word in the Initial fo~
t For <he accent of this word and
Alexandria, see Rule 30, prefixed to
the Initial Vocabulary.
Pianaria, KII.T t;,-illina-
ria,. \sinaria, C'arboiiaria,Chaunr\ri.i,
Colubraria, Agraria. Dioca-saria,
Panclataria, Cotaria, Nivaria, Anti-
quaria.Cervaria.Petuaria.Argentua-
ria, Calabria, Cantabria.Cambria, Si-
cambria, Fimbria, Mesembria, Um-
bria, Cumbria, Sely.nbria, Abobria,
Amagetobria, Trinacria, Teucrki,
Molycria, Adria, Hadria, Geldria,
Andria, Scaniandria, Auai^dria, Cas-
sandria, AJexandria, ^Eria, Ege-
ria, Aeria, Faberia, Iberia, Celtibe-
ria, Luceria, Nuceria, ^Egeria, .-K-
theria, Elutheria, Picria, Aleria,
Valeria, Araeria, Numeria, Neria,
Casperia, Cesperia, Hesj^cria, Hyjic-
ria, Seria, Fabrateria, Compuiteria,
Asteria, Anthestcria, Favcria, Lhoe-
gria, Iria, Liria, Equiria, Oscliofo-
ria, Daphnophoria, ThnraanhtHia,
Anthesphoria, Chilmoria, Westiiio-
ria, Eupatoria, Anactoria, Victoria,
Prsctoria, Arria, Atria, Eretria, Ftl-
tria, Conyentr.ia, Bodotria, ffino-
tria, Cestria, Cicestxia, C;r
Thalestria, Istria, Austria, ladus-
tria, Tublustria, Uria, ('
Isauria, Curia, Duria, M :
Furia, Liguria, Reiimria, Eti'uri;'.,
Hetruria, Turia, Apaturia, Bcetu-
ria, Beturia, /isturia, Syria, C'cc'e-
syria, Caelosyria, Leuco.s-. :
syria.
SIA» — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Asia, Chadasia, L.isi:i, Se-
plasi:!, Amasia, A&pasia, T.
Agirasia, Austrasi;i, Anasln>,ist Arb-
sia, ^Esia, Cseaia, MaDsb, .rEdrein,
Artamesia, Magne&in,
pesia, Ocresia, Euphratesia, Arti'siii,
Suesia, Bisia, Calisia, Provisia, Hor-
tensia, Chenobosia, Leucosia, Pan-
dosia, Theodosia, Arachosia, Orth>
sia, Roei.i, Thesprosia, .Spsla. Lip-
sia, Nupeia, Persia, Nursia, Tolas-
sia, Cephissia, Russia, Eli:.
Clusia, Ampelusia, Aartherawsia,
Acherusia, Perusia, Bysia, Sicysia,
Mvsia, Dionysia.
TIA.— Accent the Antepan>ilti-
matt. Sabatra, Ambnfia,
Calatia, Galatia, Collatia,
tia, Sarmatia, Egnatia, Aratia, AI-
s;itia, Aclia, Ccetia,
tia, Vicetia, Peucatia, Pometia,
Aiietiit, Clainpetia, LucretM. Cyre-
tia, Sctia, Luletia, HelvttiK,:
Phiditia, Angitia, A.ulro'iC'a, Sui-
pitia, Naritia, De!goviua, Baltin.
L'anlia, Trigantta, f
mantia, Numautia, Aperantia, COB-
stantia, Ptecentia, 1'scentia, Lucen-
tia, Fidentia, Uigentia, >/•:
Valentia, Pctlettia, t'o'eatia, Ter-
entra, Floier.tici, Lauseutia, Con-
sentia, Potentia, Favi-ntia, Cqnrlu-
entia, Liqiienti.^Orueiula, Quintia,
Pontia, Achtr..-.:.>a,
guntia, .Si-oil;!, }:o's;ia, Scaptia,
Martia, Tertia, Sebastia, Babnstia,
Adrastia, BestUt, >'
tia, Oresti::, CliarUtia, (hEia, fJnit-
tia, Acutia, Minutia, CossuLia, Tu-
tia, Clytia, Narytia.
V I A — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Candavia, Biavia, Fiavia, Menavia,
Scandinavia, Aspavia, >Iu avia,
Warsavia, Ottavia, JuvaTia,.Evia,
Ccndevia, Meoevia, yueria, Llvia,
Trivia, Urbesalvia, Syl-via, Mosco-
* Thc*intliis termination, when
preceded by a vowel, ought always
to be souMcd like z/i, as if writ-
ten Amazhia, Aapa'liin, &c. Asia,
Theodosia, and Sositt, seem to be the
Only exceptions. See Principles of
English Pronvinciation, No. -163, pre-
fixed to Critical Pronouncing Dic-
tionary of the English Language.
via, Segovia, aergovia, Nasjc '.;.:,
Cluvia.
X1A — Accent the Antupfualli-
nxite. Brixia, C.iiixia.
VIA — .-'.i-nmt the peni:':
Ilitliyia,* Oriihyii).
ZIA — Accent the Aateper. ulti-
mate. Sabazia, Alyzia.
ALA— Accent the Penultimate.
Ahaia, Messala.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ab.v
la, Gabala, Castaba'a, Onobala, Tri-
ocala, Crocala, Abdala, Dxdala,
Bucephala, Ablicila, Mccr.al.: ,
phala, Avala.
CLA — Accent either the Pmit'.lti-
•nate or Antepenultimate Syllable,
Vmicla.
ELA — Accent the Penultimate.
Arbela (in Persia), Acela, Ad«laSua-
dcla, Mundela, Philomela, Amsteia.
Accent t.'ie Antepenultimate. Ar-
bf!a (in Sicily.)
OLA — AceeHt i'ld Antf,
mate. Publicola, Aninniwila, Juno-
nicola, Neptunicola, Agricoi.
cola, Leucola, --Eola^ Abrostola,
Scaevola.
\J\i\-Aceent the Antcpenulti-
la, Longuia, Ortopula, Merula, Cas-
perula, Asula, ^-Esula, Focsula, Seep-
tcsula, ircepser.sula, Insula, Vitula,
Vistula.
YLA — Accent the Penultimate.
Idyla, Massyla.
Accent thu Antepenultimate. Aby-
la.
AMA F.MA IMA DMA UMA
YMA— Accent the Penultimate. Cy-
nosssina, Aroma, Narracutoma.
Accent tlie Antepenultimate. Pan-
dai«a, Abderama, Asarna, I
"Acema, Ouriina, Perrima, Cert ma.
;-.na, Decuina, Didyma.
Hier()5oly:nn, X
ANA — Accent the Penultimate.
Alban?,
i, Prangiana,
Mariana, Appniana, Pom;
Tvojana, Copiana, Marianfl, Dru-
stana, Susiana, Statiar.a, (5;oti;>na,
Viaua, Alana, Crococataua, Eblana,
^Elana, Ambo.?'aua, Vindolana,
(Juercalana, Qucrquetulana, Ama-
na, Almaua, Comana, Mumana,
;ia, AilraJW.Messana,
Catana, Accitana, Ast'git;*na, Zeu-
gitana, Meduan.i, Mahana, C'lu-
ana, Novana, Kquana.
ANA — Accent the Antepenvlti'
•mate. Ab.iua, Fricana, Concana,
Adiina, Cispadana, Si'.gana, Achan?..
I^eitphana, Hygiana, Drcpana, Sar-
pana, Ecbatana, Catana, Sequana,
Cyana, Tyana.
EN A — Accent the Penultimate.
Labena, Characena, Medena, Fide-
lia, Aufidena, Ageenx, Comagena,
Dolomena, Capena, Cazsena, Nes-
sen«, Artena.
Accent the Antepenultimate, Phte-
liigena, Graphigena, Aciligeua, \«-
nigena, Junonigena, Opigena, Nysi-
geiia, Bcetigena, Trojugtna, /Egos-
thena, Alena, Helena, Petlena, Por-
sena, Atena, Polyxcna, Theoxena.
flNA — Accent the Penultimate.
* The vowels in in these words
must be pronounced distinctly in
two syllables, as if written 11-iUi-ef-
uh, O-ri!h-e-?ah ; the penultimate
syllable pronounced as t'.'-e noun eye.
f Every word of this termination
with the accent on th& penultimate
syllable, has thet pronoi n ed as the
noun eye. See Rules 1, 3, and 4,
prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary.
D
34
TKHJIINATIONA! VOCABULARY.
Arabina. Arina, Cloacma, Tarraci-
na, Cluacina, Ccecina, Kicina, Run-
cim. Cercin.i, Lucina, Erycina, Ac-
radina, Achradim, .Egina, Bachma,
Acanthina, Messalina, Catalina,
Kascclina, Mechalina, Tellma, Cal-
lina, Mcdullina, Cleobulina, Tutu-
lina, Camina, Cenina, Antonma,
Hcroina, Apina, Cisalpina, Trans-
alpina, Agrippina, Abarina, Carina,
J.arina, Camarina, Sabrina, PtuUac-
rina, Acerina, Lerina, Camerina,
Terina, Jamphorina, Caprina, My-
rina, Casina, Felsina, Abusina, Elu-
sina. Atina. Catina, Metina, Libiti-
nn, M.iritina, Libentina, Adrumen-
tina. F:rmtina, Aventina, Anintina,
Po:itina, Pala-stina, Mutina, Flavi-
iia, Levina.
Accent thf Antepenultimate. Aci-
nn, Fascelina, Proserpina, Asina,
Sursina.
OX A — Accent the Penult titrate.
Abona, Uxaeona. I.ibisocona, Uso-
i-ona, Saucon?., Dodona, Scardona,
Ad:tn-.a, Aufona, Salona, Bellona,
Dii'.'l'.ona, /Emon.i, Cremona, Arte-
mona, .Salmona, H >mona, Pomona,
, .Enona, Hippona, Narona,
Aseroria, Angcrona, Verona, Matro
na, jEsona, Latona, Antona, Der-
tona, Ortona, Crotona, Alvona,
Axona.
I'.VA — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. I tuns.
OA — Accent the Penultimate.
Aloa.
Accent the Antepenultimate. An-
choa.
I PA OPA UP A— Arcent the Pen-
ultimate. Argyripa, Europa, Cata-
dupa.
AR.\ — Accent the Penultimate.
Abdara.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ab-
ara, Acara, Imacara, Accara.Cadara,
Gad^ra, Abdara, Megara, Machara,
l:nachara, P.ialara, Cinara, Cynara,
Lipara, Lupara, Isara, Pataraj Maz-
ara.
CRA DRA— Accent the Antepen-
tJtitnate. Lepteacra, Charadra,
Clepsydra.
ERA— Accent thr Penultimate.
Abdera, Andera, Cy.:, era (the island
Cerigo, near Crete).
Accent the Antepenultimate. Li-
bera, Glycera, Acadera, Jadera, Ab-
dera, Andera, Aliphera, Cythera
(the city of Cyprus), Hiera, Creme-
rn, Cassera.
GIIA — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Tanagra, Beregra.
HH A— Accent the Penultimate.
Libethra.
IRA — Accent the Penultimate.
Daira, Thelaira, Sta^ira, yEgira,
Dcianira, Metanira, Tbyatira.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Cy-
bira.
ORA — Accent the Penultimate.
Pandora, Aberdora, Aurora, Vende-
tora, Windesota.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Eb-
ora.
TRA— Accent the Penultimate
Cleopatra.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ex-
cetra, I.eucopetra, Triquetra.
URA — Accent the Penultimate.
Cabura, Ebura, jEbura, Balbura,
-Sabura, Pandura, Baniura, Asura,
Lesura, Isura, Cynosura, Lactura,
A,stura.
YRA — Accent the Penultimate.
Ancyra, Cercyra, Corcyra, Lagyra,
Palmyra,* Cosyra, Tentyra.
» Palmsrra.—See tliil word in ths
Initial t~ocabuh:ry.
Accent the Antepenultimate. La-
phyra, Glaphyra, Philyra, Cebyra,
Anrieyn.
ASA—Aeeant the Antepenulti-
mate. Abasa, Banasa, Dianasa,
H.irpasa.
ESA ISA OSA— Accent the Pen-
ultimate. Ortogesa, Alesa, Halesa,
Namesa, Alposa, Benesa, Mcntesa,
Amphisa, Elisa, Tolosa, jErosa,
Dertosa, Cortuosx
USA YSA— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Pharmacusa, Pithecusa, Nar-
tecusa, Phoenicusa, Celadusa, Padu-
sa, Lopadusa, Medusa, Eleus', Cre-
usa, I-ijusa, Elaphusa, Agathusa,
Marathusa, ^Ethusa, Phoetlius.i, Ar-
ethusa, Ophiusa, Elusa, Cordilusa,
Drymusa, Erjnusa, Ichnusa, Col-
pusa, Aprusa, Cissusa, Scotusa, Dry-
usa, Donysa.
ATA— -Accent the Penultimate.
Braccata, Acfcdata, Rhadata, Tifa-
ta, Tiphata, Crotonionata, Alata,
Amata, Acmata, Comata, Sarmata,
Napata, Demarata, Quadrata, Gra-
ta, Samosata, Armosata, Congavata,
Artaxata.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Chajrestrata.
ETA ITA OTA UTA— Accent
the Penultimate. JEta, Caieta,
Moneta, Demareta, Myrteta, Her-
bita, Areopagita, Melita, Abderita,
Artemita, Stagirita, Uzita, Phthio-
ta, Epirota, Contributa, Cicuta,
A Uit a, Matuta.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Da-
mocrita, Emerita.
AVA EVA IVA— Accent the Pen-
ultimate. Clepidava, Abra^ava, Cal-
leva, Geneva, Areva, Atteva, Lu-
teva, Galliva.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ba-
tava.
TJA — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Accua, Addua, Hedua, Heggua,
Armua, Capua, Februa, Achrua,
Palatua, Flatua, Mantua, Agamzua.
YA — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Libya, Zerolibya, jEthya, Carya,
Marsya.
A2A EZA OZ A— Accent the Pen-
ultimate. Abaraza, Mieza, Barago-
za.
AE — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Nausicae, Pasiphae.
B^E CiE — Accent the Penulti-
mate. Marica;.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Co-
luba?, Vaginiac.'e, CarmociB, Oxy-
drac.T, Gallica?. Hieronica, Coricse.'
Antirjs, Odryczp.
AD^E — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. .'Eneadae, Bacchiada?, Scepi-
adaS, Battiadre, Thestiada?.
ID^E UDjE— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Proclida;, Basilida?, Oresti-
dae, ^Ebuda?, Ebudae.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Lab-
dacida?, Seleucidse, Adrymachida?,
Branchidae, Pyrrhydae, Basilida?,
Romulida;, Numidse, Dardanida?,
Borysthenidac, Ausonida?, Cecropi-
ASE, Gangarida?, Marmarida?, Tyn-
darida?, Druids.
JEJE E.E FJE G-E H^E— Accent
the Penultimate. Achaei, Plataea;,
Napasae, Alifa?.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Dio-
medea?, Cyanese, Cenchreae, Caprea?,
Plateas, Call if x, Latobrigse, Lapi-
Otm.
1M* — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Baiae, Graiae, ! tabiae, Cili-
cia;, Cerciaf, Besidia?, Rudiae, Tajih-
ia;, Versaliae, Ficelia?, Encheliaj, Clce-
li«e, Cutl.ifp, Ebquula?, Exquilia*
Formiae, VuK-ania, Arania?, Armen-
ia, Britannia?, Boconiae, Chelidonia?,
Pioniae, Geinoina!, Xynisc, Ellopia?,
Herpiae, Caspian, Cunicularix, Cana-
ria?, Purpuraria;, ChabrioD, Feria;,
Laboriz, Emporis, Caucasia;, Ves-
pasia?, Corasia;, Prasia?, Ithacesioe,
Gymnesiae, Etesia?, Gratia?, Venetian,
Piguntia:, Selinuntia-, Sestiae, Cot-
tiae, Landaviae, Harpyi*.
L.E MM— Accent the Antepenult-
imate. Pialae, Agagamala;, Apsilae,
Appenninicolae, yEquicoIac, Apio'a?,
Epipplae, Bolbulae, Anculap, Fulfu-
Iffi, Fesula-, Carsulae, Latulac, Ther-
mopylae, AcrocomjE, Achonue, Soly-
mae.
ANjE EN^E— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Africans?, Clodiana?, Valen-
tiniana?, Mariana?, Valentiana?, Sex-
tiana?, Cumanas, Adiabena?, Mycenar,
Fregena?, Sophena;, Athena?, Her-
niathenae, Mitylena?, Aohmenae,
Acesemenae, Clasisomena?, Camoena?,
Convena?.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Fa-
unigenia?, Ophiogena?, Apeninigena?.
IN.E ON^E UN^E ZOM— Ac-
cent the Penultimate. Salina?, Cala-
mina?, Agrippina?, Carina?, Tauri-
nrp, Phihstinae, Cleonas, Vennonas,
Oon;p, Vacuna?, Androgunre, Abzore.
IP^E UP.E— Accent the Antepen-
ultimate. Centuripne, Rutupae.
AR,E ER.E UBR.E YTHR^E
OR.E ATR.E ITR.E — Accent
the Penultimate. Adiabra;, Anda-
rae, Ulubra?, Budora?, Alachora?,
Coatra?, Velitra?.
Accent the Antepenultimate. El-
eutherx, Bliterae, Erythera?, Pylag-
ora;
AS^E ES^E USjE— Accent tt-
Penultimate. Syracusa?, Pythecu-
sa?, Pityuste.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Pa.-
gasa\ Acesas.
AT^E ET^E — Accent the Pe-
nultimate. Ma?ata?, Abrincats, Lu-
beata?, Docleata?, Pheneata?, Aca-
peatae, Magata?, Olciniatrf, Galatas,
Arelato, Hylatae, Arnata?, laxama-
ta?, Dalmatae, Sauromata?, Exoma-
taa, Abrinata?, Fortunata?, Crotonia-
ta», AsampaUe, Cybirata?, Vasatae,
Circets, jEsymnetae, Agapetie, Are-
tas, Diaparetae.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Thy-
roagetae, Massagetae, Aphete, De:i-
seleta?, Cceleta?, Demeta>.
IT^: OT^: UT^E YT^E— Ac-
cent the Penultimate. Ascita?, Abra-
ditas, Achitae, Aboniteichitae, Acira-
bacotichita?, Arsagalita?, Avalito-
Phaselitae, Brullitae, Hierapolita?,
Antoniopolita?, Adrianopolitas, Me-
tropolitae, Dionysopolita?. Adulita?,
Elamita?, Bomita?. Tomitae, Sceni-
ta?, Pionitae, Agravonita?, Agonitac,
Sybaritse, Daritas, Opharita?, Das-
sariue, Nigrita?, Ontas, Alorita?,
TentA'rite, Galeota;, Limniotas, Es-
tiotaej Ampreutas, Alute, Troglo-
dytae, or Trosjlod'ytae.
IV.E OViE U^E Y^E»— Accent
the Penultimate. Durcabriva?, El-
gova?, Durobrova;.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Mor-
tua?, Halicyz-, Phlejrya?, Bithya?,
Ornithya?, Milyx, Minya?.
OBE— Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Deiphobe, Niobe.
» See Rule 4 of the Initial I'oca-
tlary.
» The termination of yee, with
the accent on the preceding syllable,
must be pronounced as twosiitLlaj
letters ; that is, as if spelt noli? »-*
Min-e-e, &c^-See Rule 4 of thf Mi
ocabu,ary.
CREEK AND LATIK PROPER NAMES.
35
ACK ECE ICE OCE YCE— Ac-
cent tie Penultimate. Phoenice, Be-
renice, Aglaonice, Stratonice. — See
Rule 30.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Candace, Phylace, Canace, Mirace,
Artace, AlleUece, Alopece, Laodice,
Agnodice, Eurvdice, Pyrrhice, He-
lice, Gallire, lllice, Demodice, Sar-
matice, Erectice, Getice, Cymodoce,
Agoce, Harpalyce, Eryce.
EDE— Accent the Penultimate.
Agamede, Periniede, Alcimede.
JEE — Accent the Penultimate.
NEE AGE— Accent the Antepe-
nultimate. Cyanee, Lalage.
ACHE ICHE YCHE— Accentthe
Antepenultimate. Ischomache, An-
dromache, Canache, Doliche, Eu-
tyche.
PHE THE— Accent the Antepe-
nultimate. Annphe, Psamathe.
IE — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Gargaphie,* Uranie, Meminie, Aste-
/ie, Hyrie, Parrhasie, Clytie.
ALE ELE ILE OLE ULE YLE
— Accent the Penultimate. Neo-
bule, Eubule, Cherdule, Eriphyle. ,
Accent the Antepenultimate. A-
cale, Hecale, Mycale, Megale, pm-
phale, /Ethale, .Vovendiale, j-Egiale,
Anchiale, Ambarvale, Myrtale, Hy-
ale, Uryale, Cybele, Nepnele, Alele,
Semele, Perimele, Poecile, Affile,
(Emphile, lole, Omole, Homole,
Phydile, Strongyle, Chthonophyle,
Deiphyle, Eurypile.
AME IME OME YME— Accent
the Antepenultimate. Apame, Ina-
rime, Ithome, Amymome, CEnome,
Amphinome, Laonome, Hylonome,
Eurynome, Didyme.
ANE — Accent the Penultimate.
Mandane, /Bane, Anthane, Achiiane,
Anane, Drepane, Acrabatane, Eu-
tane, Roxane.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ta-
probane, Cyane, Pitane.
ENE — Accent the Penultimate.
Acabene, Bubacene, Damascene,
Chalcidene, Cisthene, Alcisthene,
Parthiene, Priene, Poroselene, Pal-
lene, Tellene, Cyllene, Pylene, Mi-
tylene, jEmene, Laonemene, Is-
mene, Dindymene, Osrhoene, Tro-
ene, Arene, Autocrene, Hippocrene,
Pirene, Cyrene, Pyrene, Capissene,
Attropatene, Corduene, Syeue.
Accent the Antepenultimate. He-
lene, Depamene, Dynamene, Nyc-
timene, Idomene, Melpomene, Aiia-
dyomene, Armene.
INE — Accent the Penultimate.
Sabine, Carcine, Trachine, Alcan-
thine, Neptunine, Larine, Nerine,
Irine, Barsme, Bolbetine.
Accent the Antepenultimate. A-
ONE YNE— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Methone, Ithone, Dione,
Porphyrione, Acrisione, Alone, Ha-
lone, Corone, Torone, Thyone, Bi-
rone, Delphyne.
Accent the Antepenultimate. My-
cone, Eri^one, Persephone, Tissi-
phone, Deione, Pleione, Chione,
Ilione, Hprmione, Herione, Com-
mone, Mnemosyne, Sophrosyue,
EupVirosyne.
OE (;n two syllables)— Accent t!.e
* The i in the penultimate sylla-
bles of the words, not having the ac-
cent, must be pronounced like e.
This occasions a disagreeable hiatus
between this atid the last syllable,
and a repetition of the same sound ;
but at the same time, is strictly ac-
cording to rule. — See Rule 4 of the
Initial Vocabulary.
Antepenultimate. Amphirhoe, Al-
cathoe, Alcithoe, Amphithoe, Nau-
sithoe, Laothoe, Leucothoe, Cymo-
thoe, Hippothoe, Alyxothoe, My-
rioe, Pholoe, So!oe, Sinoe, ^Enoe,
Arsinoe, Lysinoc, Antinoe, Leuco-
noe, Theonoe, Philonoe, Phamno-
noe, Autonoe, Polynoe, Ocyroe,
Bcroe, Meroe, Peroe, Abzoe.
APE OPE— Accent the jtntepe-
nultimc.te. lotape, Rhodope, Chal-
cippe, Candiope, iEthiope, Calliope,
Linone, Cassiope, Alope, Agalope,
Penelope, Partnenope, Sinope, ^E-
rope, Merope, Dryope.
ARE IRE ORE YRE— Accent
the Penultimate. Lyrnire.'
Accent the Antepenultimate. Be-
care, Tamare, ^Enare, Terpsichore,
Zephyre, A pyre.
ESE — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Melese, Temese.
ATE ETE ITE OTE YTE
TVE — Accent the Penultimate.
Ate, Reate, Teate, Arelate, Admete,
Arete, Aphrodite, Amphitrite, Ata-
byrite, Percote, Pactye.
Accent the Antepenultimate. He-
cate, Condate, Automate, Taygete,
Xepete, Anaxarete, Hippolyte.
AVE EVE— Accent the 'Penulti-
mate. Agave.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ni-
neve.
LAI* NAI (in two syllables)—
Accent the Penultimate. Acholai.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Da-
nai.
BI — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Acibi, Abnobi, Attubi. •
ACI— Accent the Antepenultimate.
Segontiaci, Mattiaci, Amaci, ^Ena-
ci, Bettovaci.
ACI ICI OCI UCI— Accent the
Penultimate. Rauraci, Albici, La-
bici, Acedici, Palaci, Marici, Medo-
matrici, Raurici, Arevici, Triboci,
Amci.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Cal-
laici, Vendelici, Academici, Areco-
mici, Hernici, Cynici, Stoici, Opi-
ci, Nassici, Aduatici, Atuatici, Peri-
patetici, Cettici, Avantici, Xystici,
Lavici, Triboci, Amadoci, Bibroci.
ODI YDI — Accent the Penulti-
mate.— Borgodi, Abydi.
JEI — Accent the Penultimate.
Sabaei, Vaccari, and so of all words
which have a diphthong in the pe-
nultimate syllable.
El (in two syllables) — Accent the
Antepenultimate. Lapidei, Candei,
Agandei, Amathei, Flei, Canthlei,
Euganei, CEnei, Mandarei, Hyper-
borei, Carastasei, Pratei.
GI — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Acridophagl, Agriophagi, Chelano-
phagi, Andropophagi, Anthropo-
pliagi, Lotophagi, Stfutophagi, Ich-
tliyophagi, Decempagi, Novempagi,
Artigi, Alostigi.
CHI THI— Accentthe Antepenul-
timate. Heuiochi, jEnoclii, Heno-
chi, Ostrogoth!.
lit — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abii.Gabii, and all words of this ter-
mination.
ALI ELI ILI OLI ULI YLI—
Accentthe Antepenultimate. Abali,
Vandali, Acephali, Cynocephali,
Macrocephali, Attali, Alontegeceli,
Garoceli, Monosceli, Igilgili, ^Equi-
coli, Carseoli, Puteoli, Corioli.Ozo-
li, Atabuli, Greculi, Pediculi, Sicu-
» For the final i in these words,
see Rule the 4th of the Initial Voca-
bulary.
t See Rule 3 and 4 of th« Initial
Vocabulary.
li, PuticuH, AncuH, Barduli, \>r-
duli, Turduli, Foruli, Goctuli, Ba»-
tuli, Kutuli, Massesyli, Dactyli.
AMI EMI— Accent the Penultt'
mate. Apisimi, Charidemi.
OMI U MI— Accent the Antept-
ttitltimate. Cephalotomi, Astomi,
Medioxumi.
ANI — Accent the Penultimate.
Albani, Cerbani, iEcani, .Sicani,
Tusicani, d:c. and all words of this
termination, except Choani and Se-
quani, or such as are derived from
words terminating in anus, with the
penultimate short ; which see.
ENI — Accent the Penultimate.
Agabeni, Adiabeni, Saraceni, Iceni,
Laodiceni, Cyziceni, Uceni, Chal-
deni, Abydeni, Comageni, Igeni,
Quingeni, Cepheni, Tyrrheni, Ru-
theni, Labieni, Alieni, Cileni, Cici-
meni, Alapeni, Hypopeni, Tibareni,
Agareni, Rufrem, Caraseni, Vol-
seni, Bateni, Cordueni.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ori-
geni, Apartheni, Antixeni.
IN I* — Accent the Penultimate. Ga-
bini, Sabini, Dulgibini, Basterbini,
Peucini, Marrucini, Lactucini, Ota-
dini, Bidini, Udini, Caudini, Budi-
ni, Rl.egini, Triocalini, Triumpili-
ni, Mngellinl, Entellim, Canini,
Menanini, Anagnini, Amiternini,
Saturnini, Centuripini, Paropini,
Irpini, Hirpini, Tibarini, Carini,
Cetarini, Citarini, Illiberini, Acher-
ini, Elorini, Assorini, Feltrini, Su-
trini, Eburini, Tigurini, Cacyrini
Acryrini, Halesini, Otesini, Mosini,
Abissini, Mossini, Clusini, Arusini,
Reatini, Latini, Calatini, Collatini,
Calactini, Ectini, ^261111!, Ergeti-
ni, Jetini, Aletini, Spoletini, Netini,
Neretini, Setini, Bantini, Murgan-
tini, Pallantini, Amantini, Numan-
tini, Fidentini, Salentini, Colentini,
Carentini, Verentini, Florentini,
Consentini, Potentini, Faventini.
Leontini, Acherontini, Saguntini,
Haluntini, jEgyptini, Mamertini,
Tricastini, Vestfni, Faustini, Abret-
tini, Enguini, InguVii, Lanuvini.
Acctkt the Antepenultimate. Lac-
tucini, Gemini, Memini, Morini,t
Torrini.
ONI UNI YNI— Accent the Pen-
ultimate. Edoni, Aloni, Nemaloni,
Geloni, Aqueloni, Abroni, Gorduni,
Mariandyni, Magyui, Mogyni.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Epi-
goni, Theutoni.
UPI — Accent the Penultimate.
Catadupi.
ARI ERI IRI ORI URI YRI—
Accent the Penultimate. Baba;i,
Chomari, Agactari, Iberi, Celtiberi,
Doberi, Algeri, Palemeri, Mono-
meri, Hermanduri, Dioscuri, Ban-
ceri, Paesuri, Agacturi, Ximyri.
Accentthe Antepenultimate. Ab-
ari, Tochari, Acestari, Cavari, Ca-
labri, Cantabri, Digeri, Drugeri,
Eleutheri, Crustumeri, Teneteri,
» When the accent is on the pe-
nultimate syllable, the i in the two
last syllables is pronounced exactly
like the noun eye ; but when the ac-
cent is on the antepenultimate, the
first < is pronounced like e, and the
last like eye. — See Rule 3 and 4 of
the Initial Vocabulary.
f Extremique hominum Morini,
Rhenusque biconiis.
Virg.JEn. viii. 7?7
The Dane;, unconquer'd o.Tspring
march behind ;
And Morini :he last ol human kinJ
Drydes.
30*
36
TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARY.
Bruetert, Suclteri, Treveri, Veragri,
Fohori. Paslophorf.
USI Y^l — .I'-'-vnt th". Penulti-
mate. Herinanduii, Condrusi, Xer-
Usi, Meeabvsi.
ATI ETI OTI UTI— Accent the
Penultimate. Abodati, Capeliati,
Ceroti, Thesproti, Carnuti.
Acctnt the Antefenuit'unats. Ath-
an»ti, Heneti, V»neti.
AVI EYI 1VI AXI UZI— Accent
the Penultimate. Andecavi, Cham-
avi, Batavi, Pictavi, Suevi, Argivi,
Achivi, Corsxi, Abruzi. ,
UI— Acretttthe Antepenultimate.
Aba&rui, ^Mui. Hedui, Veimandui,
Bipedimui, Inui, Castruminui, Es-
iui. Abrincatul.
IBAL UBAL NAL QUIL — Ac-
ceitf the Penultimate. Pomonal.
Accent the Antepen ultimate. An-
nibal, Hannibal, Asdrubal, Hasdru-
bal, Janaquil.
AM IM UM— Accfntthe Penulti-
mate. Adulam, ^Egipam, Aduram,
Gerabum.
Accent the^ntepenuUimate. Ab-
arim.
UBUM ACUM ICUM OCUM—
Accent the Penultimate. Comacum,
Tornaciun, Baracum, Camericitm,
Labicum, Avaricum, Antricum,
Trivicuin, Xor-.U.vicum, Longovi-
ciim, Verovicum, Norvicum,
Brundevicum.
,ttfie Antepenultimate. Cae-
cubum, Abodiac-.un, Tolpiacum,
Eedriactim, Gessoriacum, Magonti-
ariun, Muttiacimi, Argentomacum,
Olenacum, Areuacum, Brumetona-
cum, Eboracum, Eburacurn, Lamp-
sacuin, Neinetacura, Bcliovacum,
Agetlirum, Agendicu-.n, Glyco:ii-
cuin, C'anopicum, Noricum, ^lassi-
cum, Adnaticum, Sr.benneucura,
Bakicnm, Aveuticum, Mareoticu n,
Agelocum.
EDUM IDUM— Accent the Artte-
pfnultimat*!. Manducesedum, AJ-
gidum.
jEUM — Accent tlte Penultimate.
IJIybfeum, Lycaeum, and all words
of this termination. «>
EUM — Aecent the Pernurimate.
Syllai-eum, Lyceum, Sygeura, Anr.a-
theum, Glyth'eum, Dkiyraeum, Pry-
taneuui, P'alanteum.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Hei-
culeum, Heracleum, RataDeura,
Corineum, Aquineum, Dictynne-
um, Panticapeum, Rhceteuin. "
AGUM IGUM OGUM— Accent
t!i ' Antepemtltiniate. Kivoma^uin>
Noviomagum, Adrobigum, Dariori-
gum, Ailobrogum.
1UM — Ac-cent the AntepcnulH-
mate. Albium, Eugubium, Abra-
cium , and all words of this tencina-
ALUM ELU5I ILUM OLUM
ULUM — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Ancbialam, Acelum, Oreluni,
Corbi!«tm, Clusiolum, Ornculum,
Janirulura, Comiculum, Hetricu-
Inm, Uttriculum, Ascnlunv, THSCU-
lum, Angulum, Cingulum, Apulum,
Trossulum, Batu.'um.
Ml'M— Accent the Penultimate.
Amstelodamnm, Novocomum, Ca-
domum, Amstelrodamum.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Lvg-
da:cnm, CJsamura. Boic.num, An-
trimum, Auximum, Bergouium,
Mentonomum.
AJtUM — Accent the Penulti-
mate. Alboaum, Halicanuin, Ar-
carunrs, jKanura, Teanum, Trifa-
num, -Stabeamim, Ambianum, Pora-
peianuin, TuHianurp., Formianum,
Cosmianum, Boianum. Appianum,
Boviapum. KeJiolanum, Amanurn,
Aquisjranum, Trls^sanum, Nudita-
num, Usalitanum, Ucalitanum, Aco-
Ittainim, Acharitaiiura, Abzirita-
num, Argentaoum, Hortanum,
Anxamim.
Accent the Antepenultimate. A-
pusddanura, Hebromanum, Ita-
nuin.
E.VUM.— Accent the Penultimif.
Picenum, Calenttrn, Duro'enum,
Misenum, Volsenum, Darvenum.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ole-
num.
INUM— Accent tlte Penultimate.
[Jrbinum, Sidicinum, Ticinum, Pii-
cinum, Trulinum, Londinum, Agi-
num, Casilinura, Crustuminum,
Apeninum, Sepininn, Aqiiinnn,
Aruspinum, Sarinum, Lucrinum,
Ocrinuin, Camerinir.n, Laborinum,
Petrinum, Taurinum, Casinum,
Nemo?inum, Cassinum, Antinu-n,
Batinum, Ambiatinum, Petimim,
Altinum, Saleiuiiuim, Tollenlinum,
Ferentinuip, Laurintinum, Abroti-
num, Inguinum, Aquinum, Nequi-
num.
OXUM — Accent the Ptnulti-
mate. Cabillonum, Garianonum,
Duronum, Cataractouum.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ci-
conum, Vindonum, Britonmn.
U.NUM YXU.M— Accent the Pe-
nultimate. Scgedunum, Lugdu-
num, Marigdu'.unn, Moridunum,
Arcaldunum, Rigodunum, tjorbio-
duDum, Noviodunum, Melodunum,
Camelodunurn, Axelodunum , Uxel-
lodunum, Brannodunum, Carodu-
num, Careartnlunuin, Tarodunum,
Theodormlunutn, Eburodunum,
Nernantodunum, Belunura, Ante-
matunum, Andomatunum, Slarj-an-
dynum.
"OUM OPUM VPUM— Accent the
PenuJtimate. Myrtoum, Euro-
pum.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Pau-
silypum.
ARUM — Accent the- Penultimate.
Agarum, Belgarum, Xympharurn,
C'on-venanim, Itosarura, Adulita-
rum, Celtarum.
ABRUM UBRUM — Aceent the
Penultimate. Velabrum, Vernodu-
brum.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ar-
tabrum.
ERIIM— Acctnt the Antcpenviti-
mutf. Caucolibemm, Tuberum.
AFRU.M ATHRUM— Accent the
Pttintltimate. Venafrum.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ba-
rathrum.
>RDM— Accent the PenuJtimate.
Miizirum.
CHIUM— Ascent tte Pfnnftimate.
Cermorum, Ducroeortommv
Acvent the Antepenultimate. De-
rostorum.
ETRUM— Aceent either the Pe-
nultimate or Ajitepenttltimafe. Cc-
letrum,
URl'M— Accent the Penultimate.
Alaburum, Ascurum, Lugthjrum,
Warcbdiirum, Lactodurum, Octo-
durum, Divojurum, Silurum, tatu-
rum.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ti-
giirum.
ISUM 0>UM— Accent the Penul-
ti-iafe. AJisuin, Amisuro, Jano-
suin.
ATUM ETUM ITUM OTUM
UTUM— Accent the Penultimate.
Atrebatum, Calatum, Argentora-
tum, Mutristratum, Elocetum,
Quercetum, Caletum, Spoletum,
:etum, Toletum, Ulmetum,
Adrumetum, Tunetum, Eretum,
Accitum, Durolitum, Corstopitum,
Abritum, Ncritum, Aii?Listoritumv
Naucrotitum, Complutuni.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Seb-
batum.
AVUM IVUM YUM— Accent the
Penultimate. Gandavum, Symbn-
vim.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Coc-
cyum, Engyura.
"MIX AOX I COX— Accent the
Penultimate. Melicacn, Lycaon,
Machaon, Dolichaon, Amithaoo,
Didymaon, Ilyperaon, Iliretaon.
Accent ihe Antepenultimate. Sal-
amin, Rubicon, Helicon.
ADON EDOX IDON ODON
YDON— Aceent the Penultimate.
Calcedon, Chalccdoi\, Carchwlon,
Anthedon, Aspledon, Sarpedoa,
Thennodon, Abydon.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ce-
ladon, Altimedon, Amphiinedon,
Laomedon, Hippomedon, Orome-
don, Antomcdon, Arrocdon, Eury-
medon, Calydon, AmyJon. Corytlou.
EON EGON— Acctnt the Penul-
timate. Pantheon, Deileon, Achil-
leon, Aristocreon.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ale-
on, Pitholeon, Demoteon, Timoie-
on, Anacreon, Timxxreon, Ucale-
gon.
APHOX EPHON IPHON OPH-
ON— Accent the Antepenultimate.
Agalaphon, Cscrephon, Ctesiphon,
Antipnon, Colophon, Demophon,
Xenophon.
THON— Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Agathon. .-'.croathon, Mara-
tlion, Phaethon, Phlegethon, Pyn-
phlegethon, Arethon, Acrithon.
ION — Accent «•_• Pmutiimnfe.
Pandion, Sandipn, Echion, Alphion,
Amphion, Ophion, Methion, Arion,
Oanon, Mrian, Hypenon, Orion,
AsJon, Metion, Axion, Ixion.
Accent the Antrpenvltimate. Al-
bion, Phocioi), Cep!ia!criion, jEpon,
Brif;io!i, Brygion, Adobogion, >Ios-
chion, Emalhion, .Vrr.cth:on, Anthi-
on, Erothion. Pythion, neucaHon,
Da»daiion, SigaUon, Caiatliion, Eth-
alion, Eruthal on, Pifrrnalion, ljyg-
maiiorv, Cemelioii, Peiiorw Ptelion,
Ilion, BryHion, Crrnvou. I":u<ymi-
pn, Milanion, Aihenioo, 1 oien, Ap-
ion, Dropion, Appion-, Xo^coptou,
Asslelarion, Acrion, Chimsrion, Ky-
perion, Asrerioiii Dorion, ; .< ]>>>•; i-
on, Porphyriort, Thyrioir, Jasron,
-Esion. l :ippocr.>tion, Stration, Ac-
tion, Xttan, Metion, .•i\;::tio!>, Pal-
lantion, Dolicn, Taecjotion, Ero-
tion, Sotion. Ncphestion, Philistien,
Polytion, Ornyuon, Eurytion, Dio-
nizioo.
LOX MOX XOX 00\ PON
ROX PHUON— Acecr.t the 1'cnul-
timatc. I'hilsmon, Criumetojiojl,
Caberon, Dioscoron, Caci;>hron.
Aceent the AnfvpeniiHiniatf. As-
calon, Abylon, BahyNm, T
Adernon, ^i;emon, Pofeirion, \ri'.c-
mon, Hieromnemon, Artenmn, Ab-
arimon, Oromennn, Alcaincr.r.n,
Taurpmenon, Deif bon, He'
::, Hij'pocr.oa, Danophiion,
Hippothoon, Acar»n, Aciftr:;n, !';!})•
aron, Acheron, Apteron, Ds::prornn,
Chersepron, Alciphron, Lycophron,
Euthvphron.
SON' TON VOX ZON— Accent
the Penultimate. Theog ton, Aris-
togiton, Priygiton, Deknton.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Themison, Atxiton, Acito...
ton, Sicyon, Cercyon, .-Egyon. ("reni-
myon, (jromyon, Geryon,"Alct;ryiui,
Airiphitryoii, Amphictyon, Acazon,
Amazon," Oiizon, Ainyzon.
ABO ACO ICO EDO I DO— At-
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
cent the Penultimate. Lampedo,
Cupido.
"Jtimate. Ar-
abo, Tarraro, Stilico, Macedo.
BEOLEO TEO— Accent the Ante-
penultimate. Labeo, Acalco, Buteo.
AGO IGO UGO— Accent the Pen-
ultimate. Carthago, Oiigo, Ver-
rugo.
PHO THO— Accent the Antepen-
ultimate. Clkipho, Agatho.
BIO CIO D10 GIO LIO MIO
NIQ RIO SIO T1O VIO— Accent
the Antepenultimate. Arabic, Cor-
bio, Navilubio, Senecio, Diomedio,
Regie, Phrygio, Bambalio, Ballio,
Caballio, Aiisellio, Pollio, Sirmio,
Fonnio, Phonnio, Anio, Parmenio,
A-venio, Glabrio, Acrio, Curio, Syl-
laturio, Occasio, Vario, Aurasio, Se-
casio, Yerclusio, Natio, UHio, Der-
ventio, Versontio, Divio, Oblivio,
Petovio, Alexio.
CLO ILO ULO UMO— Accent the
Antepenultimate. Charirlo, Corbik),
Corlniio, M\m\o, Ba;tulo, Caslulo,
Anumo, Lucunio.
A\O ENO 1NO— Acocr.tthe Pe-
ttultimatt. Tlieano, Adiamitteno.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Bar-
cino, Ruscino, Fru-;
APO 1VO— Accent ttte Antepenul-
timate. Sisapo, O'.yssipo.
ARO ERO— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Vadavero.
Ac:cnt the Antepenultimate. Bes-
saro, Civaro, Tubero, Cicero, Hiero,
Aciir.ero, Cessero.
ASO ISO — Accent the Penulti-
mate. Carcaso, Agaso, Turiaso,
Aliso, Natiso.
A TO ETO ITO VO XO— Ac-
cent the Penultimate. Enyo, Po-
lyxo.
Accent t>>e Antepenultimate. Era-
to, Derceto, Siccilissuo, Capito,
Amphitryo.
Blill FER GER TER VER —
Accent the Penultimate. Mclea-
ger, Elaver.
Accent the Antepenultimate Ca-
laber, Mulciber, Noctifer, Tanager,
Antipater, Marspater, Diisj.iicr,
Marspiter, Jupiter.
AOR NOR TOR TOR ZOR—
Accent the Penultimate. Chrysaor,
Alcanor, Bianor, Euphranor, Alce-
nor, Agenor, Agapa-nor, Elpenor,
Rhetenor, Antenor. Anaxenor, \in-
demiator, Rhobetor, Aphetor.
Accent the Anti-penultimate. Mar-
sipor, Lucipor, Mumitor, Albuma-
zor, or Albumaz :i.
BAS DAS EAS GAS PHAS— Ac-
cent tkc Penultimate. Alebas, Au-
geas (king of Elis), jEiieas, Oreas,
Symplegas.
Accent tire Antepenultimate. Do-
tadas Cercidas, Lucidas, Timaichi-
das, Chamiidas, Alcidamidas,
Leonidas, Aristonidas, Mnasippi-
das, Pelopidas, Thearidas, Diago-
riuas, Diphnridas, Amipatridas, A-
bantii'.as, Suidas, Crauxidas, Ardeas,
Au^eas (the poet), Eleas, Cineas,
Cynea;;, Boreas, Broteas, Acrapas,
Periphas, Acyphas.
IAS— -Accent the Penultimate.
Ophias.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Cae-
cias, Nicias, Cephala;tti;is, Phidias,
Herodias, Cyilias, Ephyreas, Mi-
nyeias, Pelasgias, Antibacchias, Ac-
rolochias, Archias, Adarchias, Arra-
Aias, Agathias, Pythias, I'leias, Pe-
lias, I lias, Damias, >oemias, Arsa-
nias, Pausanias, Olymjiias, Appias,
Agrippias, Cl abrias. TibertM, Te-
rias, Lycorias, Peloria?, Dcmctrias,
Dioscurias, Agasias, Phasias, Ace-
sias, Ageiias, Ilegesias, Tiresias,
Ctesias, Cephisias, Pausias, Prusias,
Lysias, Tysins, vEetias, Bitias, Cri-
tias, Abantias, Thoantias, Ph?.c-
thontias, Phastias, Tliestias, Phces-
tias, Seatias, Livias, Artaxias, Lox-
LAS MAS NAS— Accent the Pe-
nultimate. Acilas, Adulas, Maece-
nas, Mcecenas (or as Labbe says it
ought to be written, Meccenas)," Fi-
denas, Arpinas, Larinas, Atinas,
Aduiias.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ami-
clas, Aniyclas, Agelas, Api'as, Ar-
cesilas, Acylas, Dorylas, Asylas,
Acamas, Alcidamas, Iph'uJamas,
Chersidamas, Praxidamas, Theoda-
mas, Cleodaraas, Therodamas,
Thyodamas, Astydamas, Athamas,
Garamas, Dicomas, Sarsinas, Sas-
sinas, 1'itinas.
OAS PAS RAS SAS TAS XAS
YAS — Accent the Penultimate.
Bagoas, Canopas, Abradaras, Zona-
ras (as Labbe contends it ought to
be), Epitheras, Abradatas, Jetas,
Philetas, Damcetas, Acritas, Euro-
tas, Abraxas.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Te-
leobas, Chrysorrhoas, Agriopas,
Triopas, Zonaras, Gyaras, Chryso-
ceras, Mazeras, Chaboras, Orthago-
ras, Pythagoras, Diagoras, Pylago-
ras, Demagoras, Timagoras, Henna-
?oras, Athenagoras, Xenagoras,
lippagoras, itcsagoras, Tisagoras,
Telestagoras, Protagoras, E vagoras,
Anaxagoras, Praxagoras, Ligoras,
Athyras, Thamyras, Cinyras, Aty-
ras, Apesas, Pietas, Felicitas, Libe-
ralitas, Lentulitas, Agnitas, Oppor-
tunitas, C'laritas, \eritas, Kr.usiitas,
Civitas, Archytas, Phlegyas, Milyas,
Marsyas.
HE'S — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Chalybes, Armenochalybes.
CES — Accent the Penultimate.
Arbaces, Pharnaces, S'amothi aces,
Arsaces, Phoenices, Libyphoenices,
Olympionices, Plislonipes, Polyni-
ccs, Ordovices, Lemovices, Eburo-
vices.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Axia-
ces, Astaces, Derbices, Ardices,
Eleutherocilices, Cappadoces, Eudo-
ces, Bebryces, Mazyces.
ADES — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Icadcs, Olcades, Arcades,
Orcades, Carneades, Gorgades, Stoe-
chades, Lichades, Strophades, Laia-
des, Naiades, Alribiades, Pleiades,
Uranchiades, Deliades, Heliades,
Peliades, Oiliades, Naupliades, Ju-
liades, Memmiades, Cleniades, Xe-
niades, Hunniades, Heliconiades,
Acrisioniades, Telamoniades, Limo-
niades, Acheloiades, Asclepiades,
Aso)iiadfs, Crotopiades, Appiadcs,
Thespiades, Thariades, Otriades,
Cyriades, Scyriades, Anchisiades,
Dosiades, Lysiades, Nysiadcx, Dio-
nysiades, Menoetiadts, Miltiades,
Abantiades, Dryantiades, Atlan-
tiades, Laomedontiades, Plirrton-
tiades, Lacrtiades, Hephastiades,
Thestiades, Battiades, Cyclades,
Pylades, Demades, Nomades, Mae-
nades, Echinades, Cispades, C'lice-
rades, Sporades, Perisades, Hippo-
tades, Sotades, Hyades, Thy;:<hs,
Dryp.des, Hamadryades, Othryades.
EDES— Accent the Penultimate.
Democedes, Agamedes, Palamedes,
Archimedes, Nicomedes, Diomedes,
Lycomedes, Cleomedes, Ganyrne-
des, Thrasymedes.
I D !•>— Accent the Pr.nnltimnte.
Alcides, Lyncides, Tydides, ^gi-
des, Promeihides, Nicarthides, Mer-
ac lides, Teleclides, Epiclides, Anti-
clides, Androclides, Meticclides,
(Eclides, Cteseclides, Xenoclides,
Chariclides, Patroclides, Aristocli-
des, Euclides, Euryclides, Belides,
(singular), Basilides, N elides. Peii-
des, jEschylides, Snides, Antigeni-
des, (Enides, Lychnides, Amanoi-
des, Japeronides, Larides, Abderi-
des, Atrides, Thesicles, Aristides.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Epi .
chaides, Danaides, Lesbides, Lab-
dacides, jEacides, Hylacides, Phy-
lacides, Pharacides, Imbracides,
Myrmecides, Phtcnicides, Antalci-
des, Lyncides, Andocides, Ampyci-
des, Thucydides, Lelegeides, Tyr-
rheides, Pimpleides, ClymenC-ides,
Mineides, Scyreides, Minyeides, La-
gides, Harpagides, Lycufgides, Og-
ygides, Inachides, Lysimachides,
Agatharchides, Timarchides, Leuly-
chides, Leonty chides, Leotychides,
Sisyphides, Erecthydes, Prome'hi-
des, Crethides, Scythides, ffibalides,
^thalides, Tantalides, Castalides,
Mystalides, Phytalkies, Teleclides
Meneclides, OEclides, Cte-iclides,
Androclides, Euclides, Euryclides,
Belides (plural), Sicelides, Epime-
lides, Cypselides, Anaxilides, Boli-
des, Eubulides, Phocyiidos, Priam-
ides, Potamides, Cneraides, jEiimi-
des, Tolmides, Charmides, Dardan-
ides, Oceanides, Amanides, Titani-
des, O'.cnides, Acha?meni(les, Achi-
menides, Epimenides, PariTiCnides,
Ismenides, Eumenides, SHhnides,
Apollinides, Prumnides, Aonides,
Dodonides, Mygdalonides, Calydon-
ides, Mfleonides, (Edipodionides,
Deionides, Chionidcs, Echionides,
Sperchionides, Ophionides, Japeti-
ov.idts, Ixionides, Mimallonides,
1'hilonides, Apollonides, Acmom-
des, .•Emonides, Polyi>einonides, Si-
monides, Harmoniiles, Memnoni-
des, Cronides, Myronides, A'soni-
des, Aiistoni<'.es, 1 raxonides, Li-
burnides, Sunides, Telelwides, Pan-
thOides, Arhcloides, Pronopides,
Lapides, Callipides, Euripides, Dri-
opides, CEnopides, Cecropidw, Leu-
cippides, Philippides, Argyraspides,
Clearides, Ta:narides, Hebrides, Ti-
mandrides, Anaxandiides, Epiceri-
des, Pierides, Hesperides, Hyperi-
des, Cassiterides, Anterides, Peris-
terides, Libethride?, Dioscorides,
Protogorides, Methorid' s, Antenor-
ides, Actorides, Diaotorides, Polyc-
torides, Hegetoridc*, Onetorides,
Antorides, Acestorides, Thestorities,
Aristorides, Electrides, (Ennotrides,
Smindyrides, Philyrides, Pegasidcs,
lasidcs, Imbrasrdes, Clesides, Dion-
ysides, Cratides, Propcetides, Pree-
tides, Oceanitides, ^iantides, Dry-
antides, Dracontides, Absyrtides,
Acestides, Orestides, I'pylides.
ODES UDES YDES — Accent
the Penultimate. — JEgi lodes, Acmo--
dcs, Nebrodes, Hero<les, Orodes,
Haebudes, Hanides, Lacydes, Phe-
recydes, Androcyries.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Pci-
apodes, (Edipodes, Antipodes, Hip-
popodes, Himantopodes, Pyrodcs,
Epicytles.
AGES EGES IGES OGES YGES
— Accent the Antepenultimate. The-
ages, Tectosages, Astyages, Leleges,
Nitiobriges, Ijurotriges, Caturiges,
AllobrogesrAntobroges, Ogyges, Ca-
taphrvges, Sazyces.
ATHES ETHES YTI-IES IES
— Accent the Penultimate. Ariara-
thes, Alethes.
Accent the Antepenultimate. On-
ythes, Aries.
ALES— Accent the Penultimatt
Novendiales, Geniales, CorapJU'c*
Arvale*.
38
TKRMINATIOMAL VOCABULARY.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Car-
ftlcs*
ACLES ICLES OCLES— .Jewn*
the Antepenultimate. D:ncles, Mr.a-
iicles, Iphides, Zanthides, Clvin-
cies, Thcricles, Pericle;, Agaaicles,
Pasicles, Phrasiclcs, Ctesicles, .Sosi-
cles, Nausicles X:intic:es, Niocles,
Empei'.ocles, Theoclcs, Neodes,
Eteocles, Sophocles, Pythocles,
Diodes, Phi locles, Damocles, Dem-
odes, Phanoclcs, Xenocles, Hiero-
cles, Androcles, Mmndrodeg, Patro-
cles, Metrocles, Lamproclcs, Ceph-
istocles, Nestocles, Themistocles.
ELES ILES OI.ES ULES— Ac-
cent the Antepenultimate. Ararau-
celes, Hedymeles, Pasitilcs, Praxite-
les, Pyrjoteles, Oemoteles, Aristot-
eles, Gundiles, Absiles, Novensile*,
Pisatiles, Taxiles, .Eoles, Autclolcs,
Abdimonoles, Hercules.
AMES OMES— Accent the Ante-
penultimate. Priames, Datames,
Abrocomes.
ANES— Accent the Penultimate.
Jordan?*, Athamanes, Alameiies,
Brachmaues, Acarnanes, /F.gipanes,
Tigranes, Actisaues, Titanes, Ario-
barzancs.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Di-
aphanes, Epiphanes, Periphanes,
Praxiphanes, Dexiphanes, Lexiph-
anes, Antiphanes, ^Jicophanes, The-
ophanes, Diophanes, Apollophaues,
Xenophanes, Aristophanes, Agiia-
nes, Pharasmanes, Prytanes.
ENES-— Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Timagcnes, Metagenes, i-o-
sigines, Epigenes, Melesigenes, An-
tigenes, Theogenes, Diogenes, Oblo-
genes, Hermogenes, Rhetogertes,
Theniistogenes, Zanthenes, Agas-
thenes, Lasthenes, Clisthcnes, Cal-
listhenes, Peristhenes, Cratisthenes,
Antisthenes, L'arbosthenes, Leos-
thenes, Deraosthene», Dinosthenes,
Androsther.es, Posthenes, Eratos-
thenes, Borysthenes, Alcame'.ies,
Theramenes, Tisamenes, Dediti-
menes, Spitamenes, Pylemenes, Al-
themenes, Achjemenesj Philopoeme-
nes, Daimenes, Nausimenes, Neu-
menes, Antimenes, Anaximines, Cle-
omenes, Hippomenes, Heromenes,
Ariotomenes, Eumenes, N'umenes,
Polymenes, Geryenes.
INKS— Accent the Penultimate.
Telchines, Acesines.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ab-
origines, jEschines.t Asines.
ONES— Accent the Penultimate.
CaHicones, Agones, Antechthones,
loncs, Helleviones, Volones, i\'a.si-
mones, Verones, Centrones, Eburo-
nes, Grisones, Auticatones, Stato-
ncs, Vectones, Vetones, Acitavor.es,
Ingoevones, Ista;v-ones, Axones, /Ex-
ones, Hr.lizones.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ly-
caones, Chaones, Frisiabones, C"i-
concs, Veniicones, Francones, Vas-
cones, Mysom.icedones, Rhedones,
Essedones, Myrmidones, Poconos,
Paphlagoncs, Aspagor.es, Lp.strigo-
nes, Lingeries, Lestryfrones, Vhngi-
nes, Hermiones, BL'<jerionss, Meri-
ones, .Suiones, Mimallones, Seno-
ne», Memnones, Pannones, Ambro-
* All the words of this termination
have the accent on theantrpenuiti-
mate. See Eumenes in the Initial
Vocabulary.
t Labbe says, that a certain antho-
logist, forced by the necessity of his
verse, has pronounced this word with
the accent on the penultimate.
nes, Sues-ones, A:i.-,ones, Pictones,
Teutones, Amazones.
OES — Accent the Penultimate.
Heroes.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Chor-
-roes.
APES OPES— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Cynapes, Cecropes, Cyclo-
pes.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Pan-
ticapes, Crassipes, Esubopes, ^Ethi-
opes, Hellopes, Dolopes, Panopes,
Sleropes, Dryopos.
ARES ERKS IRES ORES
UREJJ — Accent the Penultimate.
Cabares, Balcares, ApoHinares, Sal-
tuarcs, Ableres, Byzeres, Becliires,
Diores, Azores, Si'.ures.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Le-
ochares, jBmochares, Demochares,
Abisares, Cavares, Insubres, Luce-
res. Pieres, Astabores, Jlusagores,
Centores, Limures.
1SES — Accent the Penultimate.
Arichises.
ENSKS— Accent the Penultimate.
Ucubcnses, Leonicenses, and all
words of this termination.
OCES YSES— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Cambyses.
ATES— Accent t7ie Penultimate.
Phraates, Atrebates, C^ornacates, Ce-
:ac,-.tes, Adunicates, Nesicates, Bar-
sabocates, Leucates, Teridates,
Mithridates, Attidates, Osquidates,
Oxydates, Ardeates, Eleates, Ber-
coreates, Caninefates, Casicenufates,
.Egates, Achates, Niphates, Decia-
tes, Attaliates, Mevaniates, Caria-
t. s, Quariates, Asseriates, Eburiates,
Antiates, Spartiates, Ce'.elates, His-
pel!ates, Stellates, Suillates, Albula-
tes, Focimates, Auximates, Flana-
tes, Edenates, Fidenates, Suffenates,
Fregenates, Capenates, Senates, Coe-
senates, Misenates, Padinates, Ful-
ginates, Merinates, Alatrinates, JE-
sinates, Agesinates, Asisinates, Sas-
sinates, Sessinates, Frusinates, Ati-
nates, Altinates, Tollentinates, Fer-
rcr.tinates, Interamnates, Chelona-
tes, Casmonates, Arnates, Tiferna-
tes, Infernates, Privernates, Oroa-
te-, Euphrates, Orates, Vasates, Co-
cosates, Tolosates, Antuates, Nan-
tuates, Sadyates, Caryates.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Spi-
thobates, Eurybates, Antiphates,
Trebiates, Zalates, Sauromates,
Attinates, Tornates, Hypates, *Me-
mnecrates, Pherecrates, Ijihicra-
tes, Callicrates, Epicrates, Pasicra-
tes, Stasicrates, Sosicrates, Hypsi-
crates, Nicocrates, Halocrates, Da-
mocrates, Democrates, Cheremo-
crates, Timocrates, Hermocrates,
Stenocrates, Xenocrates, Hippo-
crates, Harpocrates, Socrates, Isa-
crates, Cephisocrates, Naucrates,
Eucratos, Euthycrates, Polycrates.
ETES ITES OTES UTES
YTES YES ZES— Accent the Pe-
nultimate. Acetes, Ericetes, Cade-
tes, ;F.etes, ".!ocragetes, Caletes,
Phifocletrs, ^Eg'.etes, Nemetes, Co-
inetcs, Ulrnanetes, Con.;uanetes,
Gymnetes, yEsymnetes, Nannetes,
Serretes, Curetcs, Theatetes, Andi-
zetes, Odites, Belgites, Margites,
Mempliites, Ancalites, Ambialites,
Avalites, Cariosuelites, Polites, A-
pollopo'.ites, Hermopolites, Latopo-
lites, Abiilites, Stylitcs, Borystne-
nites, Temenites, Syenites, Carci-
nites, Samnites, Deiopites, Garites,
Centrites, Thersites, Nardssites,
» All words ending in crate.*, have
the accent on the antepenultimate
syl'able.
Asphaltites, Hydraotes, Heracleoles,
Boeotes, Helotes, Bootes, Thootes,
Anagnutes, Arimazes.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Der-
cetes, Massagetes, Indigetes, Her-
getes, Eurgetes, Auchetes, Eusi-
pctes, Abalites, Charites, Cerites,
Pra?stites, Andramytes, Dariaves,
Ardycs, Machlyes, B'lemmyes.
AIS — Accent the Penultimate.
Achais, Archelais, Homolais, 1'to'e-
mais, Elymais.
Accent the Antepenultimate
Thebais, Phocais, Aglais, Tamais,
Cratais.
BIS CIS DIS— Accent the Penul-
timate. Berenicis, Cephaledis, Ly-
comedis.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Aca-
bis, Carabis, Setabis, Nisibis, Cleo-
bis, Tucrobis, Tisqbis, Ucubis, Cu-
rubis, Salmacis, Acinacis, Brovona-
cis, Athracis, Agnids, CarambuciSj
Cadmeidis.
EIS* ETHES ATHIS — Accent
the Penultimate. Medeis, Sper-
cheis, Pittheis, Crj'theis, Nephe-
leis, Eleleis, Achilleis, Pimpleis,
Cadmeis, ^Eneis, Schoeneis, Peneis,
Acrisoneis, Triopeis, Patereis, Ne-
reis, Cenchreis, Theseis, Briseis,
Perseis, Messeis, Chryseis, Nycteis,
Sebethis, Epimethis. «
Accent the Antepenultimate. T hy-
miathis.
ALIS ELIS ILIS OLIS ULIS
YLIS— Accent the Penultimate. An-
dabalis, Cercalis, Regalis, Stympha-
lis, Dialis, LatiaHs, s'eptimontialis,
Martialis, Manalis, Juvenalis, Qui-
rinalis, Fontinalis, Junonalis, A\-er-
nalis, Vacunalis, Abrupalis, Flora-
Ms, Quietalis, Eumehs, Phaselit,
Eupilis, Quinctilis, Adulis.
Accent the AntepenultirtMte. (E-
balis, Hannibalis, Acacalis, Fornica-
lis, Androcalis, Lupercalis, Vahalis,
Ischalis, Caralis, Thessalis, Italis,
Facelis, Sicelis, Fascelis, Vindelis,
Nephelis, Bibilis, Incibilis, Lucre-
tilis, Myrtilis, Indivilis, ^Eeolis,
Argolis, CimoMs, Decapolis, Neapo-
lis, and all words ending in polls.
Herculis, Thestylis.
AMIS EMIS— Accent the Antepe-
milthnate. Calamis, Salamis, Semi-
ramis, Thyamis, Artemis.
ANIS KNIS IX IS ONIS YNIS
— Accent the Penultimate. Man-
danis, Titanis, Bacenis, Mycenis,
Philenis, Cyllenis, Ismenis, Cebre-
nis, Adonis, Edonis, ^Edonis, The-
donis, Sidonis, Do-.lonis, Calydonis,
Agonis, Alingonis, Colonis, Corbu-
lonis, Cremonis, Salmonis, Junonis,
Ciceronis, Scironis, Coronis, Phoro-
nis, Turonis, (in Germany), Trito-
nis, Phorcynis, Gortynis.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Si-
car.is, Anticanis, Andanis, Hypanis,
Taranis, Prytanis, Poe-nanis, Eu-
menis, Lycaonis, Asconis, Maeonis,
Paeonis, Sithpnis, Memnonis, Pan-
nonis, Turonis (in France), Bitonis,
Geryonis.
OlSf — Accent the Penultimate.
Miuois, Herois, Latois. .
Accent the Antepenultimate. Sy-
mbis, Pyrois.
APIS Ol'IS— Accent the Penulti-
mate, lapis, Colapis, Serapis,$ Isa-
pis, Asopis.
Accent the Antepenultimate. A«a-
» These vowels form distinct syl-
labi; s.— See the termination El US.
t These vowels form distinct syl-
lables.
t Serapit. — See the word in the
Initial Vocabulary,
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
39
pi», Stinapis, Cccropis, Mero-
P' AIUS ACRIS fcuIS IORIS IRIS
1TRIS GUIS U!US YRIS— Ac-
cent the PeintltiiK'.te. Baleaiis, A-
pollinaris, Nonacris, Cimmeris Aci-
ris, Osiris, Peiosiiis, Uusiris, Lycc-
ris, Calaguris, Gracchuris, Hippuris.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Aba-
ris, Fab:;ris, Sybaris, Icaris, Anda-
ris, Tyndsris, Safari?, Angaris, Pha-
laris, Elans, Caularis, Taenaris, Li-
paris, A rans, Biasaris, Ovsaris, Abi-
saris, Ach Juris, Bassaris, M elans,
Autaris, Triiiacris, Illiberis, Tiberis,
Zioberis, Tiberis, Nepheria, Cyt'ie-
ris, Pieris Trieris, Auseris, Pasi-
Jigris, Coburis, Sicoris, Neoris, Pe-
lovis, Anti^atris, Absitiis, Pacyris,
Ogyris, Purphyns, Amyiis, Thamy-
ris, Thon>yris, Tomyns.
ASIS ESIS ISIS— Accent the Pe-
nultimaii. Amasis, Magnesis, Tue-
sis.
Accent {he Antepenultimate. Bu-
basiSi Pegasis, Parrhasis, Paninsis,
Acamasis, Engonasis, GrxcpstasU,
Lachc-sis, Athesis, Thamesis, Ne-
mesis, Tibisis.
ENSIS — Accent the Penultimate.
Genubensis, Cordubensis, and all
words of this termination.
OSIS US1S — Accent the Penul-
timate. Diamastigosis, Enosis, Eleu-
sis.
ATIS ETIS ITIS OTIS YTIS
—Accent the Penultimate. Tegea-
tis, Sarmatis, Caryatis, Miletis, Li-
menetis, Curetis, Acervitis, Chalci-
tis, Memphitis, Sophitis, Arbelitis,
Fasceliiis, Dascylitis, Comitis, JEa-
nitis, Cananitis, Circinitis, Sebenni-
tis, Chaonitis, Trachonitis, Chalo-
r.itis, Sybaritis, Daritis, Ca'enderi-
tis, Zephyritis, Amphaxitis, Khaco-
tis, Estiax>tis, Matqtis, Tracheotis,
Mareptis, Phthiotis, Sandaliotis,
Elimiotis, Iscariotis, Casiotis, Phi-
lotis, Nilotis>
Accent the Antepenultimate. A\ter-
tis, Calatis, Anatis, Naucratis,
ercetis, Eurvtis.
OVIS UIS XlS— Accent the Pe-
nultimate. Amphaxis, Oaxis, Alexis,
Zamolxis, Zeuxis.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ve-
jovis, Dijovis, Absituis.
1COS EDOS ODOS VDOS— Ac-
cent the Penultimate. Abydos.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ori-
cosf Tenedos, Macedos, Agriodos.
EOS — Accent the Penultimate.
Spercheos, Achilleos.
Accent the Antepenultimate. An-
drogeos, Egaleos, >Egaleos, Hega-
leos.
IGOS ICHOS OCHOS OPHOS
— Accent the Penultimate. Melam-
pigos, Neontichos, Macrpntichos.
Accent Vie Antepenultimate- Ne-
rigos, ^Egiochus, Oresitrophos.
ATHOS ETHOS 1THOS IOS—
Accent the Penultimate. — Sebethos.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Scia-
thos, Arithos, Ilios, Ombrios, To-
pasios.
LOS MOS NOS POS— Accent
the Penultimate. Stymphalos, JE-
gilos, Pachlnos, Etheonos, Eteonos,
Heptaphouos.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ha>
galos, ^Egialos, Ampelos, Hexapy-
Fos Sipylos, Hecatompylos, Pota-
mos, yKgospotamos, Olenos, Orcho-
menos, Anapauomenos, Epidicazo-
menos, Heautontimorumenos, Atro-
pos.
UOS SOS TOS ZOS— Accent the
Penultimate. Meleagros, Heraton-
dieros, .'Fgimuros, Nisyros, Pityo-
u««os, Hieroncsoa, Cephesos, Sebe-
ga
D
tos, Haliieetos, Miletos, Polytime-
tos, Arctos, Buthrotos, Topazes.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Sy-
garos, jfCgoceros, Anteros, Melea-
gros, Myiagros. Absoros, Amyros,
Pegasos, Jalysos, Abates, Aretos,
Neritos, Acytos.
IPS OPS— Accent the Antepenul-
timate. ./Egilips, jEthiops.
LAUS MAUS NAUS RAUS (in
two syllables)— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Archelaus, Menelaus, Aglaua,
Agesilaus, Protesilaus, Nicolaus,
lolaus, Hermolaus, Critolaus, Aris-
tolaus, Dorylans, Ainphiaraus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. I-
maus,* Emmaus, ffinomaus, Da-
naus.
BUS — Actent the Antepenulti-
mate. Agabus, Alabus, Arabus,
Melabus, Setabus, Erebus, Ctesibus,
Deiphobus, Abubus, Polybus.
ACUS — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Abdacus, Labdacus, Rhyn-
ciacus, jEacus, Ithacus.
1 ACUSf— Accent the Antepenulti-
mate, lalciacus, Phidiacus, Alaban-
diacus, Rhodiacus, Calchiacus, Co-
rinthiacus, De;iarus, Peliacus, Ilia-
cus, Niliacus, Titaniacus, Armenia-
cus, Messeniacus, Sa!?.;niniacus, Le-
mniacus, loniacus, Sammoniacus,
Tritoniacus, Gortyniacus, Olynnpia-
cus, Caspiacus, Mesembriacus, A-
driacus, Iberiacus, Cytheriacus, Si-
riacus, Gessoriacus, Cytoriacus, Sy-
riacus, Phasiacus, Megalesiaciis, E-
tesiacus, Isiacus, Gnosiacus, Cnossi-
acus, Pausiacus, Araathusiacus, Pe-
lusiacus, Prusiacus, Actiacus, Divi-
tiacus, Byzantiaeus, Thennodontia-
cus, Propontiacus, Hellespontiacus,
Sestiacus.
LACUS NACUS OACUS RA-
CUS SACUS TACUS— Accent the
Penultimate. Benacus.
Accent the Antepen ultimate. Ab-
lacus, Medoacus, Annaracus, Asar-
acus, ^Esacus, Lampsacus, Carac-
tacus, Spartacus, Hyrtacus, Pitta-
cus.
ICUS— Accent the Penultimate.
Caicus, Numicus, Demonicus, Gran-
icus, Andronicus, Stratonicus, Cal-
]istpnicus, Aristonicus, Alaricus, Al-
bericus, Rodericus, Rudericus, Ro-
mericus, Hunnericus, Victoricus,
Amatricus, Heiiricus, Theodoricus,
Ludovicus, Grenovicus, Varvicus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. The-
baicus, Phpcaicus, Chaldaicus, Bar-
dSicus. Judaicus, Achiiicus, Lech'i-
icus, PanchSicus, '1 herm'aicus, .\a-
icus, Pana'.henaicus, Cyreniicus,
Arabicus, Dacicus, t'amothracicus,
Turcicus, Arcadiciis, ^otadicus,
Threcidicus, Chalcidicus, Alabandi-
cus, Judicus, Clondicus, Cornificus,
Belgicus, Allobrogicus, Georgicus,
Colchicus, Delphicus, Sapphicus,
Parthicus, Scythicus, Pvthicus,
St.ymphalicus, 1'harsalicus, Thessal-
icus, Italicus, Attalicus, Gallicus,
.Sabeliicus, Tarbellicus, Argolicus,
Getulicus, Camicue, Ceramicus,
Academicus, Gneoaicnf, Cocani-
cus, Tuscanicws, /Eanicus, Hellani-
cus, Glanicus, Atellanicus, Amani-
cus, Ron-ianicus, Germanicus, His-
panicus, Aquitanicus, Scquanicus,
1'cenicus, Alemannicxis, Britannicus,
Laconicus, Leuconicus, Adonicus,
Macedonicus, Sandonicus, lonxus,
Hermiouicus, Babylonicus, Samoni-
* Imaut. — See the word in the
Inili':! Vocabulary.
\ All words of this termination
have the accent on the i, pronounced
like the noun sue.
cus, Pannonicus, Hieronicus, Pla-
tonicus, Santonicus, Sophronicus,
Teutonicus, Amazonicus, Heniicus,
Liburuicus, Kuboicus, Troicus, Stij-
icus, Olympicus, ^Ethiopitus, Pin-
('..".ricus, Balearicus, Marmaricus,
Bassaricus, Cimbricus, Anc'ricus,
Ibpricus, Trietericus, Treviricus,
Africus, Doricus, Pythagoricus,
Leuctricus, Adgandestrlcus, Istri-
cus, Isauricus, Centauricus, BiUiri-
cus, Illyricus, Syricus, Pagasicus,
Mcesicus, Marsicus, I'crsicus Corsi-
cus, Massicus, Issicus, Scibbaticus,
Mithridaticus, Tegeaticus, Syriati-
cus, Asiaticus, Dalmatinis, Sannati-
cus, Cibyraticus, Ithzticus, Geticus,
Gangeticus, .•Egineticus, Rhoeticus,
Creticus, Memphiticus, Svbariticus,
Abderiticus, Celticus, Atlanticus,
Garamanticus, Alenticus, Ponticus,
Kcoticus, Mawticus, Boeoticus, Her-
acleoticus, Mareoticus, Phthioliais,
Niloticus, Epiroticus, Syrticus, At-
ticus, Alyatticus, H;ilyatticus, Me-
diastuticus.
OCUS UCUS YCUS— Accent the
Penultimate. Ophiucus, Inycus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Lau-
oducus, Amodocus, Amphi'.ocus,
Ibycus, Libycus, Bc-sbycus, Autoly-
cus, Amycus, Glanycus, (,'orycus.
ADUS EDUS IDUS ODUS
YDUS — Accent the Penultimate.
Lebedus, Congedus, Alfredus, Alu-
redus, Emodus, Androdus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ada-
dus, Enceladus, Aradus, Antaradus,
Aufldui, Algidus, Lepidus, Hesio-
dus, Commodus, Monodus, Lacy-
dus, Polydus.
^EUS ffiUS— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Nipbaeus, Melibceus, and aU
words of this termination.
EUS*— Accent the Penultimate
Lycambeus, Thisbeus, Berniceus,
Lynceus (the brother of Idas), Si-
monideus, Euripideus, Pherecyde-
us, Piraseus, Phegcus, Tegeus, .^ig-
eus, Ennosigeus, Argeus, Baccheus,
Motorcheus, Cepheus, Rhipheus,
Alpheus, Orpheus (adjective), Er-
ectheus, Prometheus (adjective),
Cleantheus, Rhadamantheus, Ery-
mantheus, Pantheus (adjective),
Da»daleus, Sophocleus, Themisto-
cleus, Eleus, Neleus (adjective),
» It may be observed that wordi
of this termination are sometimes
both substantives and adjectives.
When they are substantives, they
have the accent on the antepenulti-
mate syllable, as Ne'leus, Prome'-
theus, Salmo'neus, &c. ; and w! en
adjectives, on the penultima^, as
ffele'us, Promethe'us, Salmone'us,
&c. Thus, (Eneus, a king of Caly-
donia, is pronounced in two sylla-
bles ; the adjective (Enius, whicli is
formi.d from it, is a trisyllable ; and
(Eneius, another formative of it, is
a word of four syllables. But \'.\. •-
words, when formed into English
adjectives, alter their termination,
with the accent on the penultimate :
With other notes than to the Orph-
ean lyre.
Milton.
The tuneful tongue, the Promethe-
an baud.
Akenside.
And sometimes on th? anrepenulti-
mate, as, —
The sun, as from Thyettlan banquet
turned.
Milt™.
40
TERMINATION A L VOCABULARY.
\-
Oilcus (adjective), Apelleus, Achil-
leus, PiTilleii*, Luculleus, Agylleus,
Pirnplcus, Kbuleus, Ascu'eiiP, Mas-
culcus, Cadmeus, Aristophaneus,
Canancus. (Eneus (adj. 3 sylU (En-
cus (sub. 2 syll.li Idomeneus, Schw-
nens, Peneus, Phineus, Cydoneus,
Androgeoneus Bioneus, Deucalio-
neus Acrisioncus, ?almoneus (ad-
jective), Maroneus, Antenoreus,
Phoroncus (adjective), Thyoneus,
Cyrr.ous, Epeus, Cyclopeus, Pe-
nelopous, Phillipeus, Aganippeus,
Menmidrt'us (adjective), Nereus,
Zagrcus, Boreus, Hyperboreus,
Polydoreus, Atreus (adjective),
Centaureus, Ncsseus, Cisseus, CE-
teus, Hhoeteus, Anteus, Abanteus,
Phalanteus, Therodamantexis, Poly-
damanteus, Thoanteus, Hyanteus,
Aconteus, Laomedoqteus, Thermo-
donteus, Phaethontetis, Phlegethon-
teus, Oronteus, Thyestus, 1'hryx-
eus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ge-
rionaceus, Mer.receus, Lynccus (ad-
jective), Dorceus, Caduceus, Ascle-
piadeus, Paladeus, Sqtadeus, Tyde-
us, Orpheus (substantive), Morphe-
us, Tyrrlieus, Prometheus (substan-
tive), Cretheus, Mnesitheus, Dosi-
tlieus, Pentheus(substantive), Smin-
theus, Timotheus, Brotheus, Doro-
theus, Menestheus, Eurystheus, Pit-
theus, Pytheus, Dsedaleos, ^Bgiale-
us, Maleus, Tantaleus, Heraclens,
Ce'.eus, Eleleus, Neleus, Peleus, Ni-
leus, Oileus (substantive) Demoleus,
Romuleus, Pergameus, Euganeus,
Melaneus, Herculaneus, Cyaneus,
Tyaneus, Census, Dicaneus, Phen-
eus, CEneus, Cupidineus, Apolline-
us, Enneus, Aaoneus, Aridoneus,
Gorgoneus, Deioneus, Ilioneus,
Mimalloneus, Salmoneus (substan-
tive), Acroreus, Phoroneus (sub-
stantivi), Albuneus, Enipeus, Sino-
peus, Hippeus, Aristippeus, Arens,
Alacarcus, TynJareus, Slegareus
(substantive), Caphareus, (substan-
tive), Briareus, jEsarens, Patareus,
Cythereus, Phalereus, Nereus (sub-
stantive), Tereus, Adoreus, Alentor-
eus, Nestoreus, Atreus (substantive),
Cauca-scus, Pegaseus, Theseus, Per-
seus, Nicteus, Argenteus, Bronteus,
Proteus, Aryeus.
AGIT^ BGtrS IGUS OGUS— Ac-
cent the Penultimate. Cethegus,
Robigus, Hubigus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. M-
gophagus, Ospiiagus, Neomagus,
Rothomagus, Niomagus, Novioma-
gus, Careaiomagus, Sjtomagus, Are-
opagus, Harpagus, Arviragus, Ura-
gus, Astrologus.
ACIIUS OCHUS UCHTJS V-
CHUS — Accent the Penultimate.
Daduchus, Ophiuchus.
Accent the Antrpenultunale. Tel-
emachus, Dainiachus, Diiimachus,
Alcimachus, C.'allimachus, Lysima-
rhus, Antiraarhus, Syramaclnis, An-
dromachus, Clitomaclius, Aristoma-
chus, Eurymacluis, Inachus, lam-
blicus, Demodochus, Xenodochus,
DOiochus, Anlioc'ms, Deilochus,
Archilochus, Mnesilochus, Thersil-
ochus, Orsilochus, Antilochus, Nau-
lochus, Eurylochus, Agerochus,
Monychus, Abronychus, Polyo-
APHUS EPHUS IPHUS OPH-
US YPHUS— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Josephus, Seriphus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. As-
calaplius, Epaphus, Palsepaphus,
Anthropographus, Telephus, Abse-
plms, Agastrnphus, Sisyphus.
ATHUS jETHUS ITHUS— Ac-
fent 'k> Penultimate. SimaHhus.
Accent the Anttpenultimate. Ar-
chagathus, Amathua, Lapathus,
Carpatlius, Mychithus.
AIUS — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. CHius, Liius, Graius. — See
Achnia.
ABIU3 IBIUS OBIUS UBITJS
YBIUS Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Fabius, Arabius, Ba?bius,
Vibius, Albius, Ainobius, Mncrpbi-
us, Androbius, Tobius, Virbius,
I-csbius, Euimis, Danubius, Mar-
rhubius, Talthybius, Polybius.
CIUS — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Acacius, Ambracius, Acraci-
us, Thracius, Athracius, Saraothra-
cius, Lampsacius, Arsacius, Byzaci-
us, Accius, Siccius, Decius, Threi-
cius, Cornificius, Cilicius, Numici-
us, Apicius, Sulpirius, Fabricius,
Oricius, Cincius, Mincius, Marcius,
Circius, Hircius, Roscius, Albucius,
Lucius, Lycius, Bebrycius.
DIUS — Accent the Antepcnulti-
T»f>te. Leccadius, Icadius, Arcadius,
Palladius, Tenedius, Albidius, Di-
dius, Thucydidius, Fidius, Aufidi-
us, Eufidius, yEgidius, Nigidius,
Obsidius, Gratidius, Brutidius, Hel-
vidius, Ovidius, Rhodius, Clodius,
Hannodius, Gordius, Claudius, Ru-
dius. Lydius.
El US"*— Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Daneius, Cocceius, Lyrceius,
./Eacideius, Leiegeius, Sigeius, Bac-
rheius, Cepheius, Typhceeius, Cre-
theius, Pittheius, Saleius, Seme-
leius, Nelcius, Stheneleius, Procu-
leius, Septimuleius, Canuleius, Ve-
nuleius, Apulcius, Egnatuleius, Sy-
pyleius, Priameius, Cadnieius, Tya-
neius, jEneius, Clvmeneius, CE-
neius, Autoneius, Schceneius, Lam-
peius, Rhodopeius, Dolopeius, Pria-
psius, Pompeius, Tarpeius, Cyna-
reius, Cythereius, Nereius, Satu-
reius, .Vultureius, Cyneieius, Ny-
seius, Teius, Hccateius, Elateius,
Rhoeteius, Atteius, Minyeius.
GIUS — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Valgius, Belgius, Catangius,
Sergius, Asciburgius, Oxygius.
CHIUS PHIUS THIUS— Accent
Ote Penultimate. Sperchius.
Accent the Aiitepenultimate. In-
achius, Bacchius, Dulichius, Te-
lechius, Munychius, Hesychius, Ty-
chius, Cyniphiu?, Alphius, Adal-
phius, Sisyphius, Eir.athius, Siraz-
tllius, Ac'ithnis, Melanthius, Ery-
manthius, Corinthius, Zerynthius,
Tirynthius.
A LI US jELIUS ELIUS ILIUS
ULHJS YLIUS— Accent the Ante-
penultimate. (Ebalius, Idalius, Aci-
» Almost all trie words of this ter-
mination are adjectives, and in these
the vowels ei form distinct syllables :
the others, as Cocceius, Saleius,
Proculeitis, Canuleius, Apuleius,
Egnatulcius, Sco?neiu», Lampeius,
Vultureius, Atteius, and Minyeius,
are substantives ; and which, though
sometimes pronounced with the ei
forming a diphthong, and sounded
like the noun eye, axe more generally
heard like the adjectives; so that
the whole list may be fairly in-
cluded under the same general rule,
that of sounding the e separately,
and thei like y consonant, as in the
similar terminations in era and ia.
This is the more necessary in these
words, as the accented e and the un-
accented i are so much alike as to
require the sound of the initial or
consonant y, in order to prevent the
hiatus, by giving a small diversity
to the two vowels.— See Achaia.
dalius, PalEcphalius, Stvmphalius,
M.rnalius, Ophalius, Thcssalius,
Castalius, Publius, Heraclius,* JE-
lius, Ctelius, Lselius, Delius, Me-
lius, Cornelius, Coelius, Cliclius.
Aurelius, Nyctelius, Praxitelius,
Abilius, Babilius, Carbilius, Orbi-
lius, Aciliu;. Ca^cilius, Lucilius,
jEdilius, Virgilius, ^Emilius, Mani-
lius, Pompilius, Turpilius, Atilius,
Basilius.t C'antilius, Quintilius,
Hostilius, Attilius, Rutilius, Dui-
lius, Sterquilius, Carvilius, Servi-
)iu3, Ca'.lius, Trebellius, C'ascellius,
Gellius, Arellius, Vitellius, Tul-
lius, Manlius, Tenolius, Nauplius,
Daulius, Julius, Amulius, Pam-
phylius, Pylius.
MIUS — Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Samius, Ogmius, Isthmius,
Decimius, Septimius, Rhcmmiiis,
Memmius, Mummius, Nomius, Bro-
mius, Latmius, Postliumhis.
ANIUS ENIUS I.MUS EXXIUS
— Accent the Antepenultimate. A-
nius, Libaruus, Canius, Sicanius,
Vulcanius, Ascanius, Dardanius,
Clanius, Manius, Afranius, Granius,
jEnius, Maenius, Genius, Borysthe-
nius, Lenius, VaJenius, Cyllenius,
Olenius, Menius, Achsmenius, Ar-
menius, Ismenius, Poenius, Sirenius,
Messenius, Dossenius, Polyxenius,
Troezenius, Gabinius, Albinius, Li-
cinius, Sicinius, Virginius, Tr»-
chinius, Mini us, Salaminius, Flami-
nius, Etiminius, Anninius, Hermi-
nius, Caniaius, Tetritinius, Asinius,
Eleusinius, Vatinius, Flavinius,
Tarquinius, Cilnius, Tolumnius,
Annius, Faunius. Elannius, Ennius,
Fescennius, Dossenius.
OX1US UMUS YNIUS OIU3
— Accent the Antepenultimate. Ao-
nius, Lycaonius, C'haouius, Macha-
onius, Amythaonius, Trebonius,
Heliconius, Stilicofius, Asconius,
llacedonius, Chalcedonius, Caledo-
nius, Sidonius, Alchandonius, Man-
donius, Dodonius, Cydonius, Caly-
donius, Maponius, Paconius, Agoni-
us, Gorgonius, Laestrygonius, Les-
trygonius, Trophonius, Sophonius,
Marathonius, Sithonius, Erichtho-
nius, Aphthonius, Arcanth'inius,
Tithonius, lonius, CMipodionius,
Echionius, Ixionius, b a lonius, M i lo-
nius, Apollonius, Babylonius, ^E-
monius, Laceda;monius, H;pmonius,
PaUemonius, Ammonius, Strymoni-
us, Nonius, Memnouius, AgaiMem-
nonius, C'rannonius, Vennonius, Ju-
nonius, Pomponius, Acronius, So-
phronius, Scironius, Sempronius,
Antronius, /Esonius, Ausonius, La-
tor.ius, Suetonius, Antqnius, Bisto-
nius, Plutonius, Favonius, Amazo-
nius, Esernius, Caiphurnius, Satur-
nius, Daunius, Junius, Nejituuius,
Gortynius, Thyphoius, Acheloius,
Miiii'iius, Troius.
APIUS OPIUS IPIUS — Accent
* Labbe places the accent of this
word on the penultimate i, as in He-
rticlitus and in Hcraclidte; but the
Roman emperor of this name is so
generally pronounced with the ante-
penultimate accent, that it would
savour of pedantry to alter it. NOT
do I understand the reasons on which
Labbe founds his accentuation.
t This word, the learned contend,
ought to have the accent on the pe-
nultimate ; but that the learned
frequently depart from this pro-
nunciation, by placing the accent on
the antepenultimate, may be seen,
Rule 31, prefixed to the Initial Vo-
cabulary.
GREEK AND LATIJ1 PROPER NAMES.
»fte Antepenultimate. Aganius jEs-
cutarmu, .^iapius, Messapitis,
Grainpiu?, Procopius, CEnpphis, Ce-
croyMiis, Kutropivis, /Esopius, Mop-
?;>pi'.!*, Gippius, Puppius, Caspius,
Thespius, Cispius.
US ERIUS IRIUS ORIUS
URIUS YRIUS — Accent the Pen-
ultimate. Darius.
Accent the Antepenultimate. An-
us, Icarius, Tarcundarius, Ligarius,
Sangarius, Corinthiarius, Latins,
M irlus, Hierosolymarius, yEnarius,
T.in'iiius, Asinarius, Isinarius, Va-
rius, Januarius, Aquarius, Febraa-
rjus, Atuavius, Imbrius, Adriti-,
Evandrius, Laberius, Biberius, Ti-
berius, Celtiberius, Vinderius, Achc-
rius, Valerius, Numerms, Hespori-
us, Agrius, (Eagrius, Cenchrius, Ra-
birius, Podalirius, Sirius, Viri^s.
Bosphorius, Elorius, Flpriu-.
ius, Anactorius, Sertorius, Cxprius.
C'yprius, Arrius, Ferctrius, QDnotri- i
us, Adgandestrius, Caystrius, Epi- '
daurius, Curius, Mcrcurius, rhirius,
Kurius, Palfurius, Thurius,
rius, Purius, Masuriua, Spurius,
Veturius, Asturius, Atabyrius, Scy-
rius, Porphyrius, Assyrius, Tyrius.
AS1US ESIUS ISIUS 6.11 U.S
U.SIUS YSIUS— Accent the A>:t<;-
penultini'ite. Asius, Casius, Tha-
sius, Jasius, jEaus, Acesius, Con-
cesius, Arcesius, Mendesius, Chcsi-
us, Ephesius, Milesius, Th •ume.iius,
Tewnesius, jEnesms, Ma^ncsiiis,
Proconnesius, Chersonesius, Lynis-
sius, Marpesius, Arasesius, Meli-
tesius, Adylisius, Amisius, Arterni*-
ius. Simijisius, Charisius, Acrisius,
Hortensius, Syracosius, Pheodosius,
Gnosius, Sosius, Mopsius, Cassius,
Thalassius, Lyrnessms, Cressius,
Tartcssius, -Syracusius, Fusius, A-
cusius, Amatliusius, Op'hiusius, Ar-
«siuf, Volusius, Selinusius, Ache-
.usius, Maurusius, Lysius, Elysius,
Bionysius, Odrysius, Amphrysius,
Otlirvsius.
ATIUS ETIUS ITIUS OTIUS
VT1US— Accent the Penultimate.
Xenophontius.
:t the Antepenultimate. Trr-
batius, Catius, Volcatkis, Ach?tius,
Latins, Cirsenatius, Egnatius, Gra-
tius, Horatius, Tatius, Luctatius,
Statins, Actiiu, Vectius, Quiiictius,
Actiiis, .•Etius, Panaitius, Prrtlm.
Cetius, Cajetius, Vegitius, Meti".<,
Mcenetius, Lucretius, Helvetius,
Satumalitius, Floralitius, Compiali-
tius, Domitius, Beritius, Neritius,
Crasitius, Titius, Politius, Abun-
dantius, Pacantius, Taulantius, Aca-
mantius, Teuthrantius, Lactantius,
Hyautius, llyzantius, Terentius,
Ciuentius, Maxcntius, Mezentius,
Quintius, Acontius, Vocontius, La-
omedontius,Leontius, Pontius, Ilel-
lespontius, Acherontius, Bacuntius,
Opuutius, Aruntius,Maeotius, Thes-
j>rotius, Scaptius, ^Egyptius, Mar-
tius, LaGrtius, Propertius, Hirtius,
Mp.vnrtius, Tiburtius, Curtius,
Thestius, Themistius, Canistius,
Sallustius, Crustius, Carystius, Hy-
mettius, Bruttius, Abutius, Ebuti-
us, yEbutius, Albutius, Acutius, Lo-
cutius, Stercutius, Mutius, Minuti-
us, Pretutius, Clytius, Havius, Fla-
viu*, Narvlus, Evius, Micvius, N.I--
vius, Ambivius, Livius, Milvius,
Fulvius, Sylvius, Novius, Servius,
Vesvius, Pacuvius, Vitruvius, Ve-
suvius, Axius, Naxius, Alexius, Ix-
ius, >abazius.
ALUS CLUS ELUS ILUS OL-
US UI.US YI.US— Accent the Pen-
ultimate. Stymphalus, Sardan ;>•-
Ius, Audroclus, Patroclus, Boryc us,
Orbelus, Philomehu, Eumelus,
Phasaelus, Pha?elus, Cyrsilus, Cira-
olus, Timolus, Tmolus, Mausolus,
Pactolus, jEtolus, Atabulus, Praui-
bulus, Cleobulus, Critobulv.s, Acon-
tobuhis, Aristobulus, Eubulu*,
Thrasybulus, Getulus, Bargylus,
Massylus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. A-
baJus, Heliogabalus, Corbalus, Bu-
balus, Cocalug, Daedalus, Main?,
Acidalus, Mcgalus, Trachahts. Cc-
pivalus, Cynocephalus, Beccphalus,
Anchialus, Mamalus, Hippalus,
Ilarpa'us, Bupslus, Hypalus, Thes-
^T'US, Italus, Tantalus, Crotalus,
OrtaluB, Attalus, Euryalus, Dory-
eln«, Stiphelus, Sthenelus, Eutra-
;veltis, Cypselus, Kabilus, Diphilus,
•lus, Pamphilus, Theoplii-
•.nophilus, TroiliR, Zoilus,
Ortrilus, Myrtilus, /Egobolus,
N'avibolus, Equicoius, jEolus Lnu-
'.ndiemolus, Bibulus, Biba-
( '.oculus, Grseculus, Siculus,
i, vEquiculus, Patcrcu!us,
Acisculus, Regulus, Romulus, Ve-
;<n!n3, Apulus- Salisubulua, Vesulus,
Catulus, Gjstulus, Getulus, Opitu-
I«B, Lentulus, Rutiilus, jEschylus,
Deijyhyl-.'.s, Demylus, Deipyhis, Si-
I>Y!u?,"Erapylus, Cratvlus, Astvlus.
'AM US EMUS IMUS OMUS
U.MUS YMUS— Accent the Penul-
Callidemus Charidemus,
I'f'tl'.odeinus, Phitodemus, Phano-
(leinus, Clitodemus, Ai-istodemus,
Polyphemus, Theotimus, Hermoti-
mus, Aristotimus, Ithomus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Lyg-
damus, Archidamus, Agesidaraus,
Apu=idamus, Anaxidamus, Zeuxi-
dainus, Androdamus, Xenoclamus,
Co^araus, Pergnmus, Orchamus,
Priamus, Cinnamus, Ceramus, Al>-
diraraus, Pyrairius, Anthemus, Tc-
lemus, Tlepolemus, Theopoieiims,
Neoptolemus, Phaxlimus, Abilalo-
uimus, Zosimus, Maximus, Antido-
inus, Amphiiiomus, Nicoilromus,
Didymus, Dindymus, Helymus,
Solymus, Cleonyrruis, Abdalony-
mus, llieronymus, Euonymus, JK-
symus.
ANUS — Accimt the Penultimate.
Artiibanus, Cebanus, Thebanus,
Albanus, Nerbanus.Verbanus, Labi-
camis, Gallicsnus, Afiricanus, Sica-
nas, Vaticanus, Lavicanus, VultP.-
mis, Hyrcanus, Lucanus, Trartspv
duius, Pedanej, Apidanus, Funda-
nus, Codanns, Eanus, GarganiM,
Murhanus, Baianus, Trajanus, Fa-
bianus, Accianus, Priscianus, Ros-
ciajius, Lucianus, Selcucianus, He-
rodianus, Claudianus, Saturcianus,
Sejanus, Carteianus, ^lianus, Affli-
anus, Lucilianus, Virgilianus, Peti-
lianus, Quintilianus, £"atullianus,
Tertullianus, Julianus, Ammianu-,
Memmianus, Formianus, Diogenia-
nus, Scandinianus, Papinianus, Va-
lentinianus, Justinianus, Tropho-
nianus, Othonianus, Pomponianus,
Maronianus, Apronianus, Thyonia-
nus, Trojanus, Ulpianus, ^Esopia-
nus, Appianus, Oppianus, Marian-
us, Adnanus, Hadrianus, Tiberia-
nus, Valerianus, Papirianus, Vespa-
sianus, Ilortensianiis, Theodosia-
nus, Bassianus, Pelusianus, Dipcle-
tiauus, Domitianus, Antianus, Scan-
tianus, Terentianus, Quintianus,
Sestianus, Augustianus, Sallustia-
nus, Pretutianus, Sextianus, Flavi-
anus, Bovianus, Pacuvianus, Alan-
us, Elanus, Silanus, Frege.llanus,
Atellanus, Rogillanus, Liicullamis,
Sullanus, .Syllanus, Carseolanus,
Pateolanus, Coriolanus, Ocriculan-
us, ^Esculanus, Tuseulanus, Carsu-
lanus, Fassulanui, Qi\orqnetiilatn!s.
Amanus, Lemanus, S-uminanuis, Ro-
inamis, Riienamis, Ameimnus, Pu-
cinanus, Cinnanus, Campanus, His-
panus, Sacranu?, Vcnafranus, Clara-
irus, Ulubranus, Siranus, Latera-
nus, Coranus, SoraHiis, Serramis,
Suburranus, Gauranus, Suburanus.
Ancyranus, Coianus, fjinue«sanu5,
Syracusanus, Satanus, Laletanus,
Timetanus, Abretamis, Cretanus,
Setabitanus, Gaditanua, Tingitanus,
Cara'.itanus, Neapolitariiis, Antipo-
litanus, Tomitanus, Tatirominita-
n«s, Sytariranus, Liparitanus, Ab-
deritanus, Tritanus, Anryritamts,
I/ucitanus, Pantanus, Nejentanus,
Nomontanus, Beneventanus, Mon-
tanus, Spartanus, Pacstanus, Adel-
stanus, Tutanus, Sylvsnu.1, Albino*
\anus, Adeantuanus, Mantuanus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Li-
banus, Clibanus, Antilibanus, Oxy-
canus, Eridanus, Rhodanus, Dar-
danus, Oceanus, Longimanus, Idu-
manus, Dripanus, Caramts, Adra-
nus, Cceranus, Tritanus, Puntanus,
Sequanus.
ENUS — Accent the Penultimate.
Characenus, Lampsacciins, Astace-
nus, 1'icenus, Dainassenus, Suffen-
us, Alfenus, Alphcnus, Tyrrhenus,
Gabienus, Labienus, Ayidenus, A-
rnenus, Pupienus, Garienus, Clu-
vienust Calenus, Galenus, Hilenus,
Pergamemis, Alexamenus, Ismenus,
Thrasymenus, Trasymenus, Dio-
peenus. Capenus, Cebrenus, Fibre-
nus, Serenus, Palmyrenus, Amase-
nus, Tibisenus, Miscnus, Evcnus,
Byzenus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Am-
benus, Helenus, Olenua, Tissame-
nus, Dexameuus, Diaduraenus, Cly-
inenus, Periclymenus, Axeims, Cal-
lixenus, 1'hiloxenus, Timoxenus,
Aristoxenus.
INUS Y N'US— Accent the Penul-
timate. Cytainus, Gabinus, Sabinus,
AlbJnus, Sidicinus, Aricinus, Sici-
nus, Ticinu-s, Maiicinus, Admino-
cinus, Carcinus, Coscinus, Marru-
cinus, Erycinus, Acadinus, Caudi-
nus, CytLinus, Rufinus, Rheginus,
Erginus, Opiturgimis, Ai1
Hyginus, Pachinus, Echinus, Del-
jihinus, Myrrhinus, Pothinus, Ka-
relinuB, Velinus, Stergilinus, Esqui-
linus, yEsquilinus, Caballinus, Mar-
ccilinus, Tigeilinus, Sibyllimis, A-
gylhnus, Solinus, Capitolinus, Ge-
iiiinus,*' Maximinus, Crastuir.iuus,
AnagninuSj Signinus, Theoiiinus,
Saloninus, Antoninus, Amiterni-
nus, Satuniinus, Priapinus, Salapi-
nus, Lepinus, Alpinus, Inalipinus,
Arpinus, Hirpinus, Crispiuus, Ru-
tupinus, Lagarinus, Charinus, Dio-
charinus, Nonacrinus, Fibrinus,
Lucrinus, Leandrinus, Alexandri-
nus, Iberinus, Tiberinus, Transti-
berinus, Amerinus, ^Eserinus, Qui-
rinus, Censorinus, Assorinus, Favo-
rinus, Phavorinus, Taurinus, Tigu-
rinus, Thurinus, Semurinus, Cyri-
nus, Myrinus, Gelasinus, Exasinus,
Acesinus, Halesinus, Telesinus, NCJ-
pesinus, Bruudisimis, Nursinus,
Karcissinus, Libyssinus, Kuscinus,
Clusinus, Venusinus, Perusinus,
Susinus, Ardeatinus, Reatinus, An-
tiatinus, Latinus, Collatinus, Crati-
nus, Soractinus, Aretinus, Arrett
* This is the name of a certain
astrologer mentioned by Petavius,
which Labbe says would be pro-
nounced with the accent on the an-
tepenultimate by those who are ig-
norant of Greek.
TKR.MIJCATIO.VAL VOCABULARY.
mis, Sctinm, H.intinus, Murganti-
nus, Phalantinus, Numant'mus, Tri-
dentinus, Ufenlinus, Murgentinus,
S;>.!eiUii;us, Pollentimis, Poleiitinus,
Tarentinus, Surrentinus, Laurenti-
niis, Avenlinus, Tmentinus, Leon-
tinus, I'ontiuus, Metapontinu?, Sa-
guntinvs, Martinus, Mamertinus,
Tiburtiiuis, Crastinus, Palaretinus,
Pramestimis, Atesrinus, Vestinus,
Augustinus, Justinus, Lavinus, Pa-
tavinus, Acuinus, Elvinus, C'orvi-
ntis, Lanuvinus, Vesuvinus, Euxi-
m:s, Admiynus.
Accent the Antepen ultimate. PhH-
inus, Acinus, Alciniis, Fuciuus, ^Ea-
cidinus, Cyteinus, Barchinus, Mo-
rinus,» Vyrrhinus, Terminus, Ru-
minus, Faiinus, Asinus, Apsinus,
Myrjinus, Pometinus, Agrautiuus,
Aciadvnus.
ONU.S ONUS YNUS— Accent
the Penultimate. Drachonus, Ono-
chonus, Ithonus, Tithonus, Myro-
>;us, Neptu-ius, Portunus, Tutu-
nus, Bitliynus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ex-
agonus, Hexagonus, Telegonus, Epi-
gonus, Erigoniis, Tosigonus, Anti-
fonus, Laogonus, Chrysogcnus, Ne-
rophonus, Aponus, Carantonus,
Sautonus, Aristonus, Dercynus.
OUS — Accent the Penultimate.
Amis, Laous, SardoCs, Eoiis, Ge-
loiis, AcheloUs,_Inous. MinoUs, Nau-
pactofis, Arctous, Myrtoiis.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Hy-
drochoiis, Aleathofis, 1'iritlioiis,
Nausithous, AlcinoQs, Spliinoiis,
Aniinous.
APUS EPUS OPUS— Accent t'.e
Penultimate. Priapus, Anapus,
Messapus, jEsapus, Athenus, /Ese-
pus, Euripus, Lycopus, Melanopus,
Canopus, Inopus, Paropus, Oropus,
Europus, Asopus, .(Esopus, Croto-
pus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Sa-
rapus, Astapus, ^Edipus, Agriopus,
iEropus.
ARUS ERUS IRUS ORUS UR-
US YRUS — Accent the Penulti-
» The singular of Morini. See
the word.
As the i in the foregoing selection
has the accent on it, it ought to be
pronounced like the word eye,
while the unaccented « in this selec-
tion should be pronounced like e. —
See rule 4th prefixed to the Initial
Vocabulary.
mate, rimarus, /Esanis, Ibcrus,
Doberus, [loin; rus, Sevcrus, N'ove-
rus, Meleagrus, (Eagrus, Cynrpgi-
rus, Camirus, Epirus, Achedorus,
Artemidorus, Isiaorus, Dionysido-
rus, Theodorus, Pythodorns," Dio-
dorus, Tryphiodorus, Heliodorus,
Asclepiodorus, Athesiodorus, Cas-
siodorus, Apollodorus, Demodorus,
Hermodorus, Xenodorus, Metrodo-
rus, Pclydorus, Alorus, Elorus, He-
lorus, Pelorus, ^Egimorus, Assorus,
Cytorus, Epicurus, Palinutus, Arc-
turns.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Aba-
rus, Imbarus, Hypobarus, Icarus,
Panciarus, Pindarus, Tyndarus,
Tearus, Farfams, Agarus, Abgarus,
Gargarus, Opharus, Cantharus, O-
biarus, Uliarus, Silarus, Cyllarus,
Tamarus, Absirasrus, Comarus,
Vindomarus, Tomarus, Ismarus,
Ocinarus, Pinarus, Cinnarus, Ab-
sarus, Bassarus, Deiotarus, Tartar-
us, Eleazanis, Artabrus, Balacrus,
Charadrus, Cerberus, Bellerus, Mer-
merus, Termems, Hesperus, Crate-
rus, Icterus, Anigrus, Glaphirus,
Deborus, Pacorus, Stesichorus,
Gorgophorus, Telcsphorus, Bos-
phorus, Phosphorus, Heptaporus,
Euporus, Anxurus, Deipyrus, Zo-
pyrus, Leucosyrus, Satyrus, Tity-
rus.
ASUS ESUS ISUS OSUS USUS
YSUS — Accent the Penultimate.
Parnasus, Galesus, Halesus, Vo!e-
sus, Tennesus, Theumesus, Teu-
rnesus, Alopeconnesus, Proconnesus,
Arconnesus, Elaphonnesus, Demon-
esus, Cherronesus, Chersonesus,
Arctennesus, Myonnesus,Malonesus,
Cephalonesus, Peloponnesus, Cro-
myonesus, Lyrnesus, Marpesus,
Titaresus, Alisus, Paradisus, Ami-
sus, Paropamisus, Crinisus.-Amni-
sus, Berosus, Argosus, Ebusus, Am-
phrysus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ori-
basus, Bubasus, Caucasus, Pedasus,
Agasus, Pegasus, Tamasus, Harpa-
sus, Imbrasus, Cerasus, Doryasus,
Vogesus, Vologesus, Ephesus, Ani-
sus, Genusus, Ambrysus.
ATUS ETUS ITU3 OTTTS U-
TUS YTUS— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Rubicatus, Bseticatus, Abra-
datus, Ambigatus, Variatus, Elatus,
Pilatus, Catugnatus, Cincinnatus,
Odenatus, Leonatus, Aratus, Pyth-
aratus, Demaratus, Acratus, Cera-
tu$, Sceleratus, Serratus, Dcntatus
Duatus, Torqu.itus, Februafns.
Achetus, Polycletus, .Egletus, Mil-
etus, Admetus, Tremetus, Diogne-
tus, Dysctnetus, Capctiis, Agnpetils,
lapctus, Acretus, Oretus, Herm.i-
phroditui. Epaphroditus, Heracli-
tus, Munitus, Agapitus, Cerrilus,
Bituitus, Poiygnotus. Azotus, Acu-
tus, Stercutus, Cornutus, Cocytus,
Berytus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Dco-
datus, Palacphatus, Inatus, Acratus,
Dinocratus, Echeitratus,* Amestra-
tus, Menestratus, Amphistratus,
Callistratus, DamEsistratus, Erasis-
tratus, AgesistnUus, Ucgesistratus,
Pisistratus, Sosistratus, Lysistratus,
Nicostratus, Cleostratus, Damostra-
tus, Demostratus, Sostratus, Phiios-
tratus, Dinostratus, Herostratus,
Eratostratus,Polystratus,Acrotatus,
Taygetus, Denuenetus, lapctup,
Tacitus, IpV.itus, Onomacritus, Ag-
oracntus, Onesicritus, Cleocritus,
Damocritus, Democntus, Aristocri-
tus, Antidotus, Theodotus, Xeno-
dotus, Herodotus, Cephisodotus,
Libanotus, Leuconotus, Euronotus
Agesimbrotus, Stesimbrotus, The-
ombrotus, Cleombrotus, Hippoly-
tus, Anvtus, ..Epytus, Eurvtus.
AVUft EVUS IV US UUS XUS
YUS ZUS XYS U— Accent the
Penultimate. Agavus, Timavi-.s.
Saravns, Batavus.t Versevus, Siic-
vus, Gradivus, Argivus, Briaxus,
Oaxus, Araxus, Eudoxus, Trapeeus,
Charaxys.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ba-
Javus, Inuus, Fatuus, Tityus, Dia-
scoridu.
DAX LAX NAX RIX DOX
ROX— Accent the Penultimate. Am-
brodax, Demonax, Hipponax. •
Accent the Antepenultimate. Arc-
tophylax, Hegisianax, Herrnesianax,
Lysianax, Astyanax, Agonax, Hier-
ax, Caetobrix, Eporedorix, Deudo-
rix, Ambiorix, Durnnorix, Adiato-
rix. Orgetorix, Biturix, Cappadox,
Allobrox.
* All words ending in stratus ;nave
the accent on the antepenultimate
syllable.
t This word is pronounced with
the accent either on the penultimate
or antepenultimate syllable; the
former, however, is the most gener-
al, especially among the poeti.
RULES
PRONUNCIATION OF SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
ADVERTISEMENT.
TH B true pronunciation of the Hebrew language, as
Dr. Lowth observes, is lost. To refer us for assistance
to the Masore-tic points ivould be to launch us on a sea
without shore or bottom : the only compass by which
wecan possibly steer on ihis boundless ocean is the Sep-
tuagint version of the Hebrew Bible ; and as it is highly
probable the translators transfused the sound of the
He! rew proper names into the Greek, it gives us some-
thing like a clue to guide us out of the labyrinth. But
even here we are often left to guess our way ; for the
Greek word is frequently so different from the Hebrew,
as scarcely to leave any traces of similitude between
them. In this case custom and analogy must ofti n de-
cide, and the ear must sometimes solve the difficulty.
But these dilliculties relate chiefly to the accentuation
of Hebrew words : and the method adopted in this point
will be seen in its proper place.
I must here acknowledge my obligations to a very
learned and useful work— the Scripture Lexicon of Me.
Oliver. As the first attempt to facilitate the pronun-
ciation of Hebrew proper names, by dividing them into
syllables, it deserves the highest prase: but as I have
often differed widely frpm this gentleman in syllabica-
tion, accentuation, and the sound of the vowels] I have
thought it necessary to give my reasons for this differ-
ence, which will be seen under the Rules : of the vali-
dity of which reasons the reader will be the best judge.
N. B. — As there are many Creek and Latin proper
names in Scripture, particularly in the New Testament,
which are to be met with in ancient history, some of
them hiive been omitted in this selection; and there-
fore if the inspector does not find them here, he is de-
sired to seek for them in the Vocabulary of Greek and
Latin names.
RULES.
1. IN the pronunciation of the letters of the Hebrew
pr per names, we find nearly the same rules prevail as
in those of Greek and Latin. Where the vowels end a
syllable with the accent on It, they have their long open
sound, as Ktt'bal, JK'IIU, Si'far.h, Gn'slieu, and 1'u ' bal.
(See Rule 1st piefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper
Names )
2. When a consonant ends the syllable, the preceding
vowel is short, as Sam'it-el, Lem'u-el, Sim'e-<t», Sol'o-
mon, Sur'mlh, Syn'a-ffoieve. (See Rule 2d prefixed
to the Greek and Latin Proper Names.) I here differ
widely from Mr. Oiiver; for I cannot agree with him
that tlie e in Abdiel, the o in Arnuii, and the « in Achur,
are to be pronounced like the ee in seen, trie o in tune,
and the u in tune, which is the rule he lays down for all
similar words.
3. Every final 'i forming a distinct syllable though
unaccented, has the long open sound as A'i, A-ri.i'a-i.
(See Rule the 4th prefixed to the Greek and Latin Pro-
per Names.)
4. Every unaccented i ending a syllable, not final, is
pronounced likee, as A'ri-el, Ab'di-el ; pronounced A'-
re-el, Ab'de-el. (See Rule the 4th, prefixed to the Greek
and Latin Proper Names.)
ft. The vowels ai are sometimes pronounced in one
syllable, and sometimes in two. As the Septuagint ver-
sion is our chief quide in the pronunciation of Hebrew
proper names, it may be observed, that when these
letters are pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable,
like our 1-nglish diphthong in the word daily, they are
either a diphthong in the Greek word, or expressed by
the Greek i or >, as Bcn-ut'ah, I 'a>a/« ; Hn'sl.ai, \cva-i ',
llu'iai, Oi/j/, vVc. : ai:d that whin they are prom. ui. ad
in two syllables, as Shnm'ma-i, Slutsh'a-i, Ber-a-i'ah, it
is because the Greek words l;y which they are translated,
as 2 ««.*<, 2iT/«. iJajaja, make two syllables of thtse'
vowels. Mr. Oliver na» not always attended to thi dis-
tinction; he makes Sin'a-i three syllnb^s, though the
Greeks make it but two in 2,-.a. That accurate prosc-
dist Labbe, indeed, iiiakes it a trisyllabic; but he cioes
the same by Aaron and Canaan, which our great classic
Milton uniformly reduces to two syllables, as well M
Sinai. If we were to pronounce it in three syllables, we
must necessarily make the first syllable snort, as in
Shim'e-i ; but tliis is so contrary to the best usage, that
it amounts to a proof that it ought to be pronounced in
two syllables, with the first i long, as in Shi'nar. This,
however, must be locked upon as a general rule only;
these vowels in Isaiah, Gracised by 't-!r«ia$, are alway
pronounced as a diphthong, or at least with the accen
on the a, and the t like y articulating the sue-cteding
vowel ; in Caiaphas likewise the ai is pronounced like a
diphthong, though divided in the Greek KB?*;*; ;
which division cannot take place in this word, because
the i must then necessarily nave the Accent, and muj*
be pronounced asin Itaac,as Jlr. Oliver h?s marked it.
but 1 think contrary to universal usage. The only point
r.ect ssary to be observed in the sound of this diphtnong
is, the slight difference we perceive between its mrdiu1
Kiid filial position ; when it is final, it is exactly like th-_
Knglish ay without the accent, as in holt/day, roundelay,
(.•nll'Hfuy { but when it is in the middle of a word, and
1'i'Mdwed bv a vowel, the i is pronounced as if it were y,
and as if this y articulated the succeeding vowel : thus
Ben-ai'ah is pronounced as if written Ren-a'yah.
li. Ch is pronounced like k, as Cl/ebar, Chemofh, E-
i.oi-li, &c. pronounced Kebar, Keniosh, Knock , &c.
M and Ituclml, se-cm to be perfectly anglicised,
as the ch in these words is always heard as in the English
words cheer, child, rivheg, &c. (See Rule 12, prefixed
to the Greek and Latin Proper Names.) The same may
be observed of Clierub, signifying an order of angels ;
l.ut when it means a city of tlie Babylonish empire, it
pught to be pionourced Ke'nib.
7. Almost the only difference in the pronunciation cf
the Hebrew, ami the Greek and Latin proper names, ia
in the sound of the /B- Uiore e ai-d i / in the two last
languages this consonant is always soft before thtsc
vowels, as Gtlliu*, (.ippius, &c. pronoimced Jclliiif, Jip-
liius, A.-C. ; and in the i
3!
RULES FOR PRONOUNCING
cuages, as we as n e erew ;.nu ie
being studied so much less than the Greek and Latin, it
has not undergone that change which familiarity is sure
to produce in all languages : and even the solemn dis-
tance of this language has not been able to keep the let-
ter cfrom sliding into* before cand i, in the same man-
ner as in the Greek and Latin : thus, though Gehazi,
Gideon, &c. have the g hard, Cedrom, Cedron, Cisai,
and Cittern, have the c soft, as if written Sedrom, Se-
dron, &c. The same may be observed of Igeabarim,
Jeeal, Nagge, SAa.ee, Pagiel, with the g hard; and Oci-
delus, Ocina, and Pharacion, with the c soft like *.
8. Gentiles, as they are called, ending in ines and ites,
as Philistines, Hioites, Hittites, &c. being Anglicised in
the translation of the Bible, are pronounced like forma-
tives of our own, as Philistines, Whitfieldites, Jacobites,
9. The unaccented termination ah, so frequent in He-
brew proper names, ought to be pronounced like the a
in father. The a in this termination, however, fre-
quently falls into the indistinct sound heard in the final
a in Africa, JEtna, &c. ; nor can we easily perceive any
distinction in this respect between Elijah and Elis/ia ;
but the final h preserves the other vowels open, as Cal-
lioseh, S/iilo!>, &c. pronounced Colhozee, Shilo, &c. (See
Rule?, prefixed to the Greak and Latin Proper Names.)
The diphthong ei is always pronounced like ee i thus
Sa-meius is pronounced as if written Sa-mee'ua. But
if the accent be on the ah, then the a ought to be pro-
nounced like the a in father ,• as Tah'e-ra, Tah'pe-nes,
ic,
10. It may be remarked, that there are several Hebrew
proper names which, by passing through the Greek of
the New Testament, have conformed to the Greek pro-
nunciation; suchas JceMcn'/z, Gennesareth, Bethpliage,
&c. pronounced Aseldama, Je»asareth> Bethphaje, &c,
This is, in my opinion, more agreeable to the general
analogy of pronouncing these Hebrew-Greek words than
preserving the c and g hard.
Rules for ascertaining the English Quantity of the
Vtiwel» in Hebrew Proper Names.
11. With respect to the quantity of the first vowel in
dissyllables, with but one consonant in the middle, I
have followed the rule which we observe in the pronun-
ciation of such dissyllables when Greek or Latin words,
(See Rule 1%, prefixed to the Greek and, Latin Proper
Names) ; and that is to place the accent oil the first
vowel, and to pronounce that vowel long, as Ko'rah,
aud oot Kor'ali, Mo'lach, and uot Mol'och, as Mr. Oliver
has. divided them, in opposition both to analogy and the
best usage. I have observed the same analogy in the
penultimate of polysyllables ; ami have not divided
Ballhaaar into Ral-tlwt'ar, as Mn Oliver has done, but
into Bal-tha'sar.
12. In the same manner, when the accent is -on the
antepenultimate syllable, whether the vowel end the
syllable, or be followed by two consonants, the vowel is
always short, except followed by two vowels, as in
Greek and Latin proper names. (See Rule prefixed to
these Names, Nos. 18, 19, 20,. &c.) Thus Jehosafl,at has
the accent on the antepeuultiruate syllable, according
to Greek accentuation by quantity (see Introduction to
this work), and this syllable, according to the clearest
analogy of English pronunciation, is short, as if spelt
Je-hosa-phat, The secondary accent lias the same
shortening power in Othoitias, where the primary accent
is on the tlurd, and the secondary on the first syllable,
as if spelt Oth-o-ni'as ; and it is on these two funda-
mental principles of our own psonunciation, namely,
the lengthening power of the penultimate, and the
shortening power of the antepenultimate accent, that I
hope I have been enabled to regulate and fix mam of
those sounds which wcce floating about in uncertainty ;
and which, for want of this guide, are difi'erently mark-
ed by different orthpepists, and often differently by the
same ortbocpist. See this fully explained and exempli-
fied in Principles of English Pronunciation prefixed to
the; Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, Xos. 647, 530, *c.
Riijet for placing the Aceent on Hebraui Proper
Names.
13. With respect to the accent of Hebrew words, it
cannot be better regulated than, by the laws of the Greek
language. I do not mean, however, that every Hebrew
word which is Greased by tbe Septnaf int should be ac-
cented exactly according to the Greek rule of accentua-
tion : for if this were the case, every word ending in el
would never have the accent higher than the preceding
syllable ; because it was a general rule in the Greek lan-
guage» that when the last syllable was long, the accent
could not be higher than the penultimate ; nay, strictly
speaking, were we to accent these words acco ding to
the accent of that language, they ought to have the ac-
cent 0:1 the last syllable, because A£J/jjA and Irictr,*.,
Abdiel and Israel, have the accent on that syllable. It
may be said, that this accent on the last syllable is the
grave, which, when on the last word of a sentence, 01
succeeded by an enclitic, was changed into art acute.
But here, as in words purely Greek, we find the Latin
analogy prevail ; and because the penultimate is short,
the accent is placed on the antepenultimate, in the same
manner as in Socrates, Sostkenes, &c. though the final
syllable of the Greek words ~S.taxta.-r-f.;, 2a;r. s»«, &c. is
long, and the Greek accent on the penultimate. (See
Introduction prefixed to the Rules for pronouncing
Greek and Latin Proper Names.) It is this general pre-
valence of accenting according to the Latin analogy that
has induced me, when the Hebrew woid has been Grae-
cised in the same number of syllables, to prefer the La-
tin accentuation to what may be called our own. Thus
Cathua, coming to us through the Greek K«C-;ui, 1 have
accented it on the penultimate, because the Latins
would have placed the accent on this syllable on account
of its being long, though an English ear would be better
pleased with the antepenultimate accent. The same
reason has induced me to accent Chaseba on tiie ante-
penultimate, because it is Gra;cised into Xa<n,3«. But
when the Hebrew and Greek word does not contain the
same number of svllables, as M&s'o-bah, MfeM0M
Id'u-el, \OMJY,'W;, it then comes under our own analogy,
and we neglect the long vowel, and place the accent on
the antepenultimate. The same may be observed of
Mordecai, from M«jS«^«;<i;.
14. As we never accent a proper name from the Greek
on the last syllable, (not because the Greeks did not ac-
cent the last syllable, for they had many words accent-
ed in that manner, but because this accentuation was
contrary to the Latin prosody) : so if the Greek word
be accented on any other syllable, we seldom pay any
regard to it, unless it coincide with the Latin accent.
Thus in the word Gede'rah I have placed the accent on
the penultimate, because it is Graecised by fa.'SrM,
where the accent is on the antepenultimate ; and this be-
cause the penultimate is long, and this long penultimate
has always the accent in Latin. (See this farther exem-
pUfied, Rule 18, prefixed to the Greek and Latin Pro-
per Names, and Introduction near the end.) Thus,
though it may seem at first sight absurd to derive our
pronunciation of Hebrew words from the Greek, and
and then to desert the Greek for the Latin ; yet since we
must have some rule, and, if possible, a learned one,
it is very natural to lay hold of the Latin, because it is
nearest at hand. For as language, is a mixture of rea-
soning and convenience, if the true reason, lie too re-
mote from common apprehension, another more obvious
one is generally adopted ; and this last, by genera
usage, becomes a rule superior to the former. It is true
the -analogy of our own language would be a rule the
most rational; but while the analogies of our own lan-
guage are so little understood, and the Greek and La-
tin languages are so justly admired, even the appearance
of being acquainted with them will always be esteemed
reputable, and infallibly lead us to an imitation of them,
even in such points as are not only insignificant in thenv
selves, but inconsistent with our vernacular pronuncia-
tion.
15. It is. remarkable tha^all words ending in ias. and
iah have the accent on the i, without any foundation
in the analogy of Greek and Latin pronunciation, ex-
cept the very vague, reason that the Greek word places
the accent on this syllable. I call this reason vague, be-
cause the Greek accent has no influence on words in ael,
. .
hence we may conclude the impropriety of pronounc-
ing Messiaa with the accent on the fust syllable, ac-
cording to Labbe, who says we must pronounce it in
this manner, if we wish to pronounce it like th& French
with tl>e os rotundvm et fucyndum : and, indeed, if the
i were to be pronounced in the French manner like e,
placing the accent on the first syllable seems to have the
bolder sound. This may setve as an answer to the
learned critic, the editor of Labbe, who says, " the
Greeks, but not the French, pronounce ore rotunds .-"
for though the Greeks might place the. accent on the.
i'in ~Miffl»s, >'et as they certainly pronounced this vowel
as the French do, it must hf ve the tame slender sound,
SCRIITURE PROPER NAMES.
Mid-trie accent on trie-first syllaHe mint, in that respect,
be preferable ton; for the Greek i. like the same let-
er in Latin, was the slenderest of all the vowel sounds.
It is thebruad diphthongal sound of the English/, with
the accent on it, which makes this word sound so much
better in English than it does in French, or even in the
true ancient Greek pronunciation.
1C. The termination aim seems to attract the accent
on the a, only in words of more than three syllables, as
Kph'ra^-im arid Miz'ra-im have the accent on the ante-
penultimate: but Ho-Ki-na'im, lla-nw-tha'im, &c. on
the penultimate syllable. This is a general rule ; but if
the Greek word has the penultimate long, the accent
ought to be on that syllable, as Phar-vafim, <S>a.£<ivip.,
Sic.
17. Kemtiel, Jemuel, Nenntel, and other words of the
same form, having the same number of syllables as the
Greek word into which they are translated, ought to
have the accent on the penultimate, as that syllable is
long in Greek : but Emnnuel, Samuel, and Lemuel, are
irrecoverably fixed in the antepenultimate accentuation,
and show the true analogy of the accentuation of our
own language.
18. Thus we see what has been observed of the ten-
dency of Greek and Latin words to desert their original
accent, and to adopt that of the English, is much more
observable in words from the Hebrew. Greek and La-
tin words are fixed in their pronunciation, by a thou-
sand books written expressly upon the subject, and ten
thousand occasions of usirg them; but Hebrew words,
from the remote antiquity of the language, from the
paucity of books in it, from its being originally written
without points, and the very different style of its poetry
from that of other languages, afford us scarcely any
criterion to recur to for settling their pronunciation,
which must therefore often be irregular and desultory.
The Septuagint, indeed, gives us some light, and is the
only star by which wecaitstefcr ; but this is so frequently
obscured, a* to leave us m the dark, and to fbrce ui to
pronounce according to the 'analogy of our own lan-
guage. It were to be wished, indeed, that this were to
be entirely adopted in Hebrew words, where we haTe so
little to determine us; and that those words which we
have worn into our own pronunciation were to be a rula
for all others of the same form and termination ; but it
is easier to bring about a revolution in kingdoms than
in languages. Men of learning will alwarys Form a sort
of literary aristocracy'; they will be proud of the dis-
tinction which a knowledge of languages gives them
above the vulgar, and will be fond of showing this
knowledge, which the vulgar will never fail to admire
and imitate.
The best we can do, therefore, is to make a sort of
compromise between this ancient language and our own ;
to form a kind of compound ratio of Hebrew, Greek,
Latin, and English, and to let each of these prevail
as usage has permitted them. Thus Emantiel, Sa-
muel, Lemuel, which, according to the Latin analo-
gy and our own, have the accent on the antepenulti-
mate syllable, ought to remain in quiet possession of
their present pronunciation, notwithstanding the Greek
'Efj.f&avtor*.- SKf&ovy)., AetisyjjA ; but Elishua, £,?-
drelon, Gederah, may have the accent on the penul-
timate, because the Greek words into which they are
translated, Ehurevl, EirSjrXA^e., r«3i;f«, have the pe-
nultimate long. If this should not appear a satisfac-
tory method of settling the pronunciation of these
words, I must entreat those who dissent from it to
point out a better : a work of this kind was wanted for
general -use: it is addressed neither to the learned nor
the illiterate, but to that large and most respectable part
of society who have a tincture of letters, but whose avo-
cations'deny them the opportunity of cultivating them.
To these a work of this kind cannot fail of being use-
ful ; and • by its utility to these the author wishes to
stand or felt
PRONUNCIATION OF SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
INITIAL VOCABULARY.
»»* When a. word is succeeded by a word printed in Italics, this lat'.er word is merely to spell the former1 as it
ought to be pronounced. Thus As'e-fa is the true pronunciation of the preceding word Ac'i-pHas and so of the
rest.
The Figures annexed to the words refer to the Rules prefixed to the Vocabulary. Tnus the figure (H) after Ah'-
di refers to Rule the 3d; for the pronunciation of the final i ; and the figure (5) after A-bis'sa-i refers to Rule the
6th, for the pronunciation of the unaccented ais and so of the rest.
For the quantity of the. vowels indicated by the syllabication, see Nos. 18 and 19 of the Rules for Greek and
Latin proper names.
A'A-LAR A-badfdbti
•A'a-rottS Ab-a-di'as IS
Ab A-bag'tha
Ab'a-cue A'bal
Ab'a-dah Ab'a-na 3
*M/a-rim Ab-di'as 15
Ab'a-ron . Ar/di-eH, 13
Ab'ba 9 Ab'don
Ab'da A-bed'ne-go
Ab'diS A'bel 1
A'bel Beth- A-bi'dah 9
ma'a-cah Ab'i-dan
A'bel Ma'im A'bi-el 4, 12
A'bel Me-ho'-A-bi-e'zer 12
lath A-bi-ez'rite
A'bel Mis'ra- Al/i-gail
im 1« Ab'i-gdl
A'bel Shif- Ab-i-ha'il
lim A-bilm
Ab'e-san'l A-biTvud
Ab'e-sar 13 A-hi'jah 9
A'bez A-bi'jam
Ab'ga- rus 12 Ab-i-le'ne
A'bi3 A-bim'a-ell3
A-bi'a, or A- A-bim'e-lech
bi'ah 6
A-bi-alT)on 12A-bin'a-dab
A-bi'a-snph A-bin'o-am
A-bi'a-thar A-bi'ram
A'bib < A-bi'rom
A-bis'a-i * AVi-sum
Ab-i-se'i Ab'i-tal
Ab'i-shag Ab'i-tub
A-bish'a-i 5 A-bi'ud
A-bish'a-har Al/ner
A-bish'a-lom *A'bram, or
A-bish'n-a 13 A'bra-ham
Ab'i-shur Ab'sa-lom
• Aaron.— This Is a word
of three syllables in Labbe,
who says "it used to be pro-
nounced i/rth the accent
on the penultimate: but
the general pronunciation
of this word in English is
in two syllables, with the
accent on the first, and as
if written Ann. Milton
uniformly gives it this syl-
labication and accent:
Till"by two brethren (those
two brethren call
Moses and ^«j-o»)sentftotn
God to claim
His people from inthral-
mentj —
far. Lott,ib. xii. v. 170.
• Atiarim. — This and
some other words are de-
cided m their act- cntiiat ion
by Milton in the following
verses.
From' A roar to X«bo, and
the wild
Of southmost Alarim in
Hescbon,
And Horonaim, Scon's
realm, beyond
The floWfy dale of Sibm*
clad -.with vines,
And Eleali to Ui' Asphal-
tic pool.
Par. Ixxrtv b. i. v. 40?.
Yet his temple high
Roar'd in Azotus, dreaded
through the coast
* Abran or Abraham. —
The first name of two syl-
lables was the patriarch's
original name, but God in-
creased it to the second, of
three syllables, as a pledge
of an increase in blessing.
The lattername, however,
from the feebleness of the
h in our pronunciation of
it, and from the absence of
the accent, is liable to such
an hiatus, from the proxi-
mity of two similar vowels,
that in the most solemn
pronunciation we seldom
Of Palestine, in Gath and
A seal on,
And ActeawsaA Gars'*
frontier bounds.— Jb. 463»
AHI
ANA
ARK
ASM
A-ini'bui Ad'dus
A-hl'ah Al-mo'dad
An'a-thoth Ap'phl-a
Ar-etas As-a-relah
Ac'cad A'der 1
A-hi'am Al'mon Dib-
An'drew Aph'e-a
A-re'us As-baz'a-reU«
Ac/a-ron Ad'i-da
A-hi-e'zer la-tha'im 15
A'nem, or Ap'phus
Ar'gob AsYa-lon
Ac'a-tan A'di-el 13
A-hiliud Al'na-than
A'nen Aph'u*
Ar'gol A-se'as
Ac/ca-ron A'din
A-hi'iah A'loth
A'ner Aq'ui-la
A-rid'a-i 5 Ai-e- i'a
Ac'cho 6 Ad'i-na
A-hi kam Al'pha
A'nes Ar
A-rid'a-tha A-seb-e-bi'a
Ac/cos Ad'i-no
A-hiliud Al-phe'us
A'neth A'ra
A-ri'eh9 15
Ac'coj* Ad'i-nus
A-him'a-az Al-ta-ne'us
An'a-thoth- A'rab
A'ri-el •», ** As'e-nath
A-cel'da-ma Ad'i-tha9
A-hi'man A l-tas'chith 6
ite 8 Ar'a-bah
Ar-i-ma-the'aA'ser
10 Ad-i-thalm
A-h;m'e-lech Al'te-kon
A'ni-am Ar-a-bat'ti-ne
A'ri-och * A-se'rar
A-liim'e-lek Al'vah, or
A'nim A-raTji-a
A-ris'a-i 5 Ash-a-bi'ah
A'ch'ab'e Ad'la-i 5
A-hi'moth Al'van
An'naS A'rad
Ar-is-to-bu'- 15
A'chad Ad'mah
A-hin'a-dab A'lush
An'i"-ris A'rad-ite 8 ,
lus A'shan
A-cha'i a Ad'ma-tha
A-hin'o-am A'mad .
An'....» Ar'a-dus
Ark'ites Ash ue-s
A-cha'i-chus Ad'na 9
A-hi'o A-mad'a-thi
An-nu'us 13 A'lah 1
Ar-ma-ged'- Ash'hel
A'chan6 Ad'nah 9
A-hi'ra 9 A-mad'a-thus
A'nus A'ram
don Ash'l5el-itei*
A'char »Ad'o-nai 5
A -hi 'ram A'mal
An-ti-lib'a- A'ran
Ar-mi-shad'- Ash'dod
A'chazS Ad-o-ni'as 15
A-hi'ram-ites A-mal'da
nus Ar'a-rat
a-i Ash'doth-it«
Ach'bor A-do-ni-be'-
8 Am'a-lek
An'ti-och 6 A-rau'nah
Ar'mon 8
A-chi-ach'a- zek
A-his'a-machAm'a-lek-ites
An-ti'o-chis ArTja, or
Ar'nan Ash'doth,
rus Ad-o-ni'iahl5
fi 8
An-ti'o-chiu ArTJah
Ar'ne-pher Ws'gah
A'chim 6 A-don'i-kam
A-hish'a-hur A'man
An'ti-pas ArTral
Ar'non A'she-an
A-chim'e- A-don-i'ram
A-hi'sham Am'a-na
An-tip'a-tris Ar-bat'tis
A'rod Ash'er
lech 6 A-don-i-ze'-
A-hi'shar Am-a-ri'ah 15
An'ti-pha Ar-be'la, in
Ar'o-di 3 Ash'i-math
A'chi-or dek
A-hi'tob A-ma'sa
An-to'ni-a Syria
Ar'oer Ash'ke-nai
A-chi'ram A-do'ra 9
A-hit'o-phel A-mas'a-i5
An-to-thi'jah Ar-bel1a
A'rorn Ash'nah
A'chish Ad-o-ralm 16
A-hi'tub Am-a-shi'ah
15 Ar'bite 8
Ar'pad, or A'shon
Ach'i-tob, or A-do'ram
A-hi'ud 15
An'toth-ite 8 Ar-bo'nai 5
Ar'phad Ash'pe-nas
Ach'i-tub A-dram'e-
Ah'lah Am-a-the'is
A'nub Ar-che-la'us
Ar'sa-ces Ash'ri-el '3
A-chifo-phel lech
Ah'lai 5 Am'a-this
Ap-a-me'a Ar-ches'tra-
Ar-phax'ad Ash'ta-roth
Akifo-fel A'dri-a«,3,1S
A-ho'e, or A-Am a-zi'ah
Ajih-a-ra'im tus
Ar'te-mas Ash'te-motli
Ach'me-tha A'dri-el '3
ho'ah *A'men'
16 Ar'che-vitesS
Ar'vad Aih'ta-roth-
A'chcr A c'ltVl 13
A-holte 8 A'mi 3
A-phar'sath- Ar'chi o
Ar'vad-itesS ites 8
A-c'.ul'Iam
A-holsh A-min'a-dab
chiles Ar-chi-at'a-
Ar'u-both A-shu'ath
Ach'shaph A-uum'mim
A-holTia A-mi'.'tai5
A-phar'sites 8 roth
A-ru'mah »3 Ash'ur
Ach'zib 6 A-p-di'as 15
A -hol'bah A-miz'a-bad
A'phek Ar-chip'pits
Ar'za A-shu'rim U
Ac/i-pha ^E'l/ypt
A-ho'li-ab Am'mah
A-phe'kah Arch'ites 8
A'sa Ash'ur-itesS
As'e-fa 1 jE-ne'as. —
A-hol'i-bah 9 Am-mad'a-
A-pher'e-ma Ard .
As-a-di'as A'si-a
Art-tho Virgil
A-ho-lib'a- tha
A-pher'ra Ar'dath
As'a-el 13 As-i-bi'as 15
A-cu'z 13 JE'ne-ff —
mah Am'mi 3
A-phi'ah 15 Ard'ites 8
As'a-hel A'si-el 13
A'cubll Acts 9.
A-hu'ma-i 5 Am-mid'i-ni 4
Aph'rah Ar'don
As-a-i'ah 5, 15As'i-pha
A'da /E'non
A-hu'zam Am'mi-e! 4
Aph'ses- A-re7!! 3
As'a-na As'ke-lon
A 'dad ,*Tnos
A-huz'zah Am-miTiud
A-noc'a-lyT>seA-re'lites
A'»aph *As'ma-dai I
Ad'a-da, or Ag'a-bti
AT 3 Am-i-shad'-
A-poc'ry-pna A-re-op'a-
As'a-phar As'ma-veth
Ad'a-dah 0 Ag'a-bus
A-i'ah 15 da-i 5
A-pol'los gite 8
As'a-ra ' As-mo-de'u»
Ad-ad-e'zer A*gr>.g ', '
A-i'ath Am'mon
A-pol'iy-on *A-re-op'a-
A-sar'e-el 13 As-mo-ne'ans
Ad-ad-rim'- A'gag-ite
A-i'ja Am'mon-ites
A'pol-yun gus
mon A'gar
A-i'jah Am'non
Ap'pa-im 15 A'res
A'dah . A^-a-renes'
Ai'ja-lon A'ir.ok
all have confessed that it
Ad-a-i'ah 9,l5A^'e-e ~
Art'jn-lnn A'mon
came from a hill, or the
Ad-a-li'a 15 Ag-ge'us"
Ad'am Af:-iioth-ta'-
Ad'a-ma, or bor
Ad'a-mah A'irur
Ad'a-nii » A'hab
Ad'a-mi Ne'- A-har ah 9
Aij'e-leth Am'o-ritesS
Sha'har A'mos
Aifje-leth Ain'p!i-a3
A'in 5 Am'iam
A-i'oth Ain'ram-itesK
A-i'rus Air,' ran
iier to show that it ought
to be accented on the ante-
penultimate syllable. This
pronunciation has been
adopted by English scho-
lars; thoujjh some divines
summit of a rock, on which
this famous court of judi-
cature was built. Vossius
tells us, thr.t St. Augustine,
De Civ Dei, I. x. cap. 10,
calls this word/>rt#«m .Var-
keb A-har'al
AVtar 1 A-has'a-i 5
Ad'n-sa 9 A-has-u-e'rus
A 1'a-tha 9 A-ha'va
AdT>»-el 13 ATiaz
Ad'dan A-haz'a-i 5
Ad'rtnr A-ha-zi'ah 15
Ad'di 3 Ahlian
Ad'din ATier
Ak'kub Am'ra-phel
Ak-ral/bim Am'zi 3
A l-am'e-lechr'A'nab
Al'a-meth An'a-el 11
Al'a-moth A'nah
Al'ci-mus A!5-.".-]i.'/rat:i
Ai'e-ma An-a-i'ah5,15
A-le'meth A'nr k
Al-ex-an'dri- An'a-kims
have Le^n hea-d from the
pu'pit to give it the penul-
timate accent, which so
rtadily unites it in a tro-
chaic pronunciation with
tha, in the first
K'.:i-tleof St Paul to the
Corinthians; " If any man
love not the Lord Jesus
ta, the village of Mars,
and that he ftll into this
err ir because the Latin
w rd pafitf signifies a vil-
)' ge or street : but, savshe,
.he Greek word signifies a
hill, w';ich, perhaps, wasso
called from vi.yx or vr'/r;
(that is, fountain), because
Au uo A ill 3
a An'a-mim
Christ, let him be Anathe-
fountains usually take
Al-ex-an'dri- A-nam'e-lech
their rise on hills.* Wrong,
hear this name extended •
to three syllables. M ilton
on 6
Al-el-lu'jah A'nan
Al-le-!n-yah 5Au-a'ni
* Areopagus. — There is
a strong propensity in
English readers of the New
however, as this deriva-
tion may be, he tells us
it is adopted by no less
has but once pronounced
it in this manner, but has
Al-Ii'ah Au-a-ni'nh 15
A-li'an An-n-ni'as
Testament to pronounce
this word with the accent
scholars than Beza, Bu-
d.Tiis, and Sigonius. And
six times made it only two
syllables ; and this may he
luukcu upon as the general
Al'lom A*nan'i-el 13
Allon Bac'- A'nath
huth . tA-nath'e-ma
on the penultimate sylla-
ble, and even some foreign
schola s have contended
this may show us the un-
certainty of etymology in
language, and the security
pronunciation.
that it ought to be so pro-
of general usage : but in
* Arlonai. — Labbe, snvs
nounced, from its deriva-
the present case both ety-
his etlitor, makes this a
• Amen. — The on!v sim-
tion from"A;«i? T*>-a», the
mology and usage conspire
of three sylLibles
p'e word in the language
Doric dialect for ^ryi.t,
to place the accent on the
enly; which, if once ad-
which has necessarily two
the fountain of Mars,
antepenultimate syllable.
mitted, why, says he,
successive accents. — See
which was on a hill in
Agreeably to this usage,
should he disvilve the He-
Critical PronotinHn? Dic-
Athens, rather than from
we find the prologue to a
brew diphthong in Smlai,
tionary undet the word.
"x.s.j *Ky.,.;, the hill of
play observe, that—
Sinai, Tolmni, &c. and at
t Anathema — Those
Mars. But Labbe very
the same time make two
syllables of the diphthong
in Cnnleu, which are com-
who are not acquainted
with the profound re-
searchrs of verbal critics,
justly despises this deriva'-
tion/and says, that of all
the ancient writers, none
The critics are assembled
in the pit,
And form an Areopagut of
monly united into one?
would be astonished to ob-
-have said that the Areopa-
wit.
In t1 is, says he, he is in-
serve what waste of learn-
ett» was derived from a
» Asmadni.— Mr. Oliver
ccnsistent with himself. —
ing has been bestowed on
fountain, or frrm a coun-
has not inserted this word.
Sec Sinai.
this wor.l by Labbe, in or-
try near to a fountain; but
but we have it in Milton.
BAA
BET
CAI
CHE
Az'nah A'vites 8
Ba'al Ta'marBav'a-i 5
Beth-ab'a-rahBeth-shit'tah
Ca-i'nan Car'mites1
As-nap'par A'vith
Ba'al Ze'bubBe-:i-li'ah 15
9 9
Cai'rites 8 Car'na-im i»
A-so'chis6 Au-ra ni'tis
1 a'al ZephonBe'a-loth
Beth'a-nath Beth'si-mos
Ca'lah Car'ni-on
A'som Au-ra'nus
Ba'a-na Be'an
Beth'a-noth lieth-tap'pu-
Cal'a-mus Car'pus
As'pa-tha Au-te'us
B:i a-nah Beb'a-i 5
Beth'a-ny a
Cal'col Car-she'na
As'phar Az-a-e'lus
Ba'a-nan Be'cher
Iie.th'a-ne Beth-su'ra 14
Cat-dees' C'a-siph'i-a
As-phar'a-susA'zah
Bn'a-nath Ba'ker •>
1 eth-ar'a-bahBe-thu'el 11
Caleb Cas'lcu
As'ri-d 13 A'z.,1
Ba-a-ni'as 15 Bcrh-o'rath
9 Be'thul
Ca'leb Eph'- Cas'lu-bim
As-sa-bi'ns 15 Az-a-li'ah 15
B::'a-ra Hech'ti-leth
Beth'a-ram Beth-u-li'a5
ra-tah Cas'phor
As-sai'i-moth Az-a-ni'ah 15
Ba'a-sha 9 Be'dad
Beth-ar'bel Beth'zor
Cal'i-tas Cas'iiis. or
As-sa-ni'as i5A-s,-.'phi-on
Ba'a-shah Bed-a-i'ah 15
Uetli-a'ven Beth'zur
Cal-a-mol'a- • Cas'phin
A?-si-de'ans Az'a-va
Ba-a-si'ah 15 Be-el-i'a-da
I>th-az'ma- Be-to'li-us
lus Ca-thu'ath 1*
13 A-za're el
BaTjel Be-el'sa-rus
veth Bet-o-mes'-
Cal'neth Ce'dron 7
As'sir Az-a-ri'ah 15
BaTii 3 Be-el-teth'-
Beth-ba-al- tliam
C.'al'no Cei'lan
As'sos Az-a-ri'as 15
Bab'y-lon mus
me'on Bet'o-nim
Cal'phi 3 Ce-le-mi'a 9
As'ta-roth AV.az
Ba'ca Be-el'ze-bub
Bcth-ba'ra l?e-u'lah
Cal'va-ry Cen'chre-a 0
Ash'ta-roth »A-za'zel
Bach'rites* Be'er
Beth-ba'rah 9 "e'zai
Cal'va-re Cen-de-be'us
As-tar'te Az-a-zi'ah 15
Bac-chu'rus Be-e'ra i
BethT)a-si3 Be-ial'e-el
Ca'mon . Cen-tu'ri-on
As'tath Az-bnz'a-reth
Bach'uth Al'-Be-e'rah, or
Beth-bir'e-i » Be'zek
Ca'na Ce'phas
A-sup'pim Az'buk
Ion Be'rah
Beth'car Be'zer, or
*Ca'na-an Ce'ia's
A-syn'cri-tus A-ze'kah 9
Ba-go'as Be-er-e'lim
Beth-da'gon Boz'ra
Ca'na-an-ites C'e'teb
A 'tad A'zel
Bap'o-i 3, 5 Be-e'ri 3
Beth-dib-la- Be'zeih
8 Cha'lrisf
At'a-rah A'zem
Ba-ha'rum- Be-er-Ia-ha'i-
tha'im Bi'a-tas
Can'nan-ites Cha'di-as
A-tar'ga-tis Az-e-phu'rith
ite 8 roi
Beth'cl Bich'ri 3, 6
C'an'neh 9 Cha 're-as
At'a-roth A'zer
Ba-hu'rim Be-e'roth
Beth'el-ite Biil'kar
Can'nee Clial'ce-do-DJ
A'ter A-ze'tas
Ba'jith Be-e'roth-ites
Beth-e'mck Big'tha
Can'veh Chal'col
At-e-re-zi'as^Az'gad
Bak-bak'er 8
Be'tht-r Big'than
Cn«'n."p Chal-de'a
15 *A-zi'a 15
Bak'buk Be-cr'she-ba
Beth-ts'da Big'tha-na
fCa-per'na- Cha'nes
A'thack A-zi'e-i
Bak-buk-i'- I'e-esh'te-rah
Beth-e'zel I;ig'va-i5
um 1C Cliau-r.u-ne'-
Ath-a-i'ah 15 A'zi-el 13
ah 15 Eerie-moth
Beth-ga'der Birdad
Caph-ar-sal'- us
Ath-a-li'ali i5A-zi'za
Ba'la-am is Be'kah 9
Beth-ca'inul Bil'e-am
a-ma Char-a-ath'-
Ath-a-ri'as l5Az'ma-veth
*Ra'lam Be'la
Beth-hac'ce- Bil'gah9
Ca-phen'a- a-lar
Ath-e-no'bi- Az'mon
Bal'a-dan Bt'lah
r !,i " l-rl'ga-i 5
tha 9 Char'a-ca
us Az'noth,
Ba'lah 9 Be'la-ites 8
Itnth-hak'se- Bil ha, or
Ca-phi'ra 0 Char'a-sim
Ath'ens Ta"bor
Ba'lak Bel'e-mus
rim Bil'hah
Cay.ii'tor ( hai'cus
Atli'lai 5 A'zjr
Bal'a-mo Bel'ga-i 5
Beth-ha'rnn Bil'han
Caphto-rhn Cha're-a
At'roth A-zo'tus
Bal'a-nus Be'li-al 13
Beth-hog'lah Bii'shan
Caph'to-iiinsCl;ar'ini»
At'taiS Az'ri-ell3
Bal-tha'sar HBel'ma-im 16
9 Bim'hal
Cap-pa-do'ci-Char'rda
Ai-ta-li'a 15 Az'ri-kam
Ba'mah Bel'iven
Beth-ho'ron Bin'e-a9
a Chas'e-ba :3
At'ia-!us A-zuT>ah
Ba'moth Bel-shaz'zer
Beth-jes'i- Bin'nu-i3,14
Cap-pa-do'- CheTjar B
At-thar'a-tes A'zur
Ba'moth Ba'-l:el-tc-shaz'-
moih Bir'slia
.-7/e-.'t Chid-or-la'o-
A'va Az'u-ran
al zar
Beth-leb'a- Bir'za-vith
Car a-ba'si- iner
Av'a-ran Az'y-mites
Ban Ben
oth Bibh'lam
on Che'lnl
A'vcii Az'zah
Ba'ni 3 ISen-ai'ah 5
Beth'le-hem Bi-thi'ah is
Car-a-la'ze- I'.lu-i'd-as
Au'gi-a4 Az'zan
Ba'nid Bcn-am'mi 3 .
Beth'le-hc-m BitV.'ron
•l.i !:l-at
A'vim Az'zur
Ban-a-i'as 15 Ben-eb'e-rak
Eph'ra-tah Biz-i-jo-thi'-
Ci'iVha-mis'H'hti'iub
A'vims
Ban'nus Ben-e-ja'a-
Beth'le-hem ah is
Car'che-mishCIielod
l!an'u-as kam
Ju'dah Biz-i-jo-thi'-
'•> Che'iub
B
Ba-rab'bas Ben'ha-dad
Beth'le-hem- jah
Ca-re'ah9 C'liei'li-aiis
Bar'a-chel 6 Ben-ha'il
ite« Biz'iha
Ca'ri-a . Chel'lus
BAAL, or Ba'a) Her'-
Bar-a-chi'ah Ben-ha'nan
Beth-lo'mon B'.as'tus
C'ar'kas C e-lu'bai 5
Bel non
15 Ben'ja-min
Beth-ma'a- Bo-a-ner'ges
Car-ma'ui- Che-lu'bar
Ba'al-ah Ba'al-i 3
Bar-a-chi'as Ben'ja-mite s
cah 9 JJO'F.', or
ans (.'hem'a-rimi
Ba'al-ath Ba'al-im
Ba'rak Be:i'ja-mi'tes
Beth-inar'cn- LU/oz
C.'av'nie Che'mosh
Ba'al-ath Milton
Bar-ce'nor Ben'i-nu
both Poc'cas
Car'mel Che-na'a-nah
Be'er Ba'al-is
Bar'go Ttn-u'i3, 14
Beth-nie'on Roe)\'e-ru 6
Car'me-liteS 9
Ba'al Be'rith Ba'al Me'on
Bar-Tiu'mites Be'no
Beth-nim'rahBo'chim 6
Car'mel-i- C'lu>n'a-ni 3
Ba'al-le Ea'al I'c'or
8 Be-no'm >
9 Bo'han
tcss Chen-a-nJ'ah
Ba'al Gad' Ba'al Per'a-
Ba-ri'ah 15 Ben zo'heth
Beth-o'ron Bos'cath
Car'nti 3 i:>
Ba'al Ham'on zim
Bar-je'sus Be'on
Beth-pa'let Bo'sor
Ba'al Han'au Ea'al Shal'i-
Bar-jo'na Be'or
Bet!:-paz'zer Bos'o-ra
J a'al Ha'zor slia
Bar'ko,- Be'ra
Beth-pe'or Bos'rah 9
* Canaan. — This word i*
Bar'na-bas Ber/a-chah<>,9
*Be'h'p!ia- Bo'zez
not unfrequently pro-
Ba-ro'dis Ber-a-chi'ah
ge 'i Urz'nih
nounced in t!:ree syllables,
On each wing
Criel and Raphael his
vaunting foe.
Bai'sa-bas 15
Bar'ta-cus Ber-a-i'ahi5
Bar-thol'o- Be-re'a
Beth'Jb-je 10 BrigVn-dtne
Beth'phe-let ) uk'ki 3
Bcsh'ra-bahSBuk-ki'ahlS
with the accent on the se-
cond. But Milton, *who in
his Paradise Lost has in-
1 hough huge, and in a
r <k «,f diamond arm'd,
Vanquish'd, Adramelcch
and Axtntaiai.
mew Be'red
Har-ti-rr.e'us Be'ri 3
Ba'ruch 6 Be-ri'ah 15
Bar-zil'la-i > Be'ri'esS
l ct!i'ra-pha 9l;ul, rhymes,
Belh're-hol) dull
l'eth-sa'i-da SBu'r.nh
Beth'sf.-mos Bun'niS
traduced this word six
times, has constantly mad*
it two syllwblcs, with the
> accent on the first. This
I'm: Lost, b. vi. v. 365.
whence we may guess the
po, t'.i pronunciation of it
in three syllables; the
diphthong sounding like
tht t.i in daily. See Rule
Bas'ca-ma Be'rith
Ba'shan or Ber-ni'ce
Ba'snn Bf-ro'dach
Ba'shan Ha'- Bal'a-dan
voth Ja'ir Be'roth
Bash'e-math Ber'o-thai »
Bas'lith Be-ro'thalh
Beth'shan Buz
Beth-she'an Bu'zi 3
beth'she- Buz'iteS
mesh
C
is perfectly agneaMe to the
syllabication ar.d ."rcentua-
tion of Isaac and Balaam,
which are always heard in
two syllables. This sup-
pression of a syllr.b'.e in the
latter part of these words
j, and the words Sinai and
Bas'math Ber'yl
CAD Cad'dis
aris«s trom the absence of
Advnai.
B:IS'?T Ber-ze'lus
Cab'bon Ca'des
accent : an accent on the
« A'.a^el — This word is
not in Mr. Oliver's Lexi-
Bas'ta-i 5 Ber'zai 5
Bat'a-ne Bes-o-dci'ah
Cab ham Ca'dcsh
Ca'bul. — See Cai'a-phas*
second syllable would pre-
vent the hiatus arising
con ; but Milton makes use
B.ith 9, 15
Bui Cain
from the two vowels, as it
of it, and places the accent
1'ath'a-Ioth Be'sor
docs in Hiti:l and Baaltm,
on the second syllable :
Bath-rab'bimBf'tah
which are always heard in
• that proud ho-
] -'ath'she-ba Be'ten
Bath'shu-a i3Bcth-ab'a-ra
* Bethphage. — This word
is generally pronounced by
two and three syllables re-
spectively — Sec Adonai.
nour claim'd
tire illiterate in two sylla-
t Capernaum. Thif
jlzazel as his right ; a che-
bk'S and without the se-
word is often, but impro-
rub tall-
* Si'e Canaan, Aaron,
eoi.cl f>, r.s if written Bt'lli'-
perly, pronounced with th«
Par. Lost, b.i. v. C34.
A::~ Israel.
pj#*.
accent on the penuitimat*,
DEB
ELM
GAB
HAB
tlic'p) -Ar Ha-fin ner-eth,
l)e-cap'o-lis Dim'uah
De'dan Di'mon
El'na-am E-sa'i-as 5
ErnaJthan E'sar-had'don
Ga'bri-el'13 Ger'shom
Gad Ger'shon
rf"i! ''rah o'h
Ded'a-nim . Di-mo'nah 9
E'lon E'sau
Gad'a-ra Cer'shon-ite
i'>, 'J Cir'a-nia
Ded'a-nims Di'nah 9
E'lon-ites 8 Es'dras
Gad-a-renes'S 9
Ch°'ran Ci'sai 5
De-ha'vites SDi'na-ites 8
E'lon Beth'- Es-dre'lon 13
Gad'des Ger'shur
('lit1 re-us Cis'leu
Oe'kar Din'ha-bah 9
ha-nan Es'e-l)on
Gad'di-el 13 Ge'sem
Cher'eth-ims Cith'e-rus
Del-a-i,'ah 5 Di-ot're-phes
E'loth E-seT)ri-as
Ga'di 3 Ge'shan
Clisr'etii-ites Cit'tims
Del'i-lah Di'shan
El'pa-al E'sek
Gad'itesS Ge'shem
8 Clau'Ja
De'mas Di'shon
El'pa let Esh'ba-al
Ga'ham Ge'shur
Cbe'rith, or Cle-a'sa
DerT>e Diz'a-hab
El-pa'ren Esh'ban
Ga'har Gesli'u-ri 3
h Clem'ent
Des'sau Do'cus
El'te-keh 9 Esh'col
Ga'i-us Gesh'u-ritesS
Ther'ub 6 Cle'o-phas
Pe-u'el 17 Dod'a-i 5
El'te-keth E'she^an
Ca'yus Ge'thur
Cher'u-bim Clo'e
Ktu-ter-on'- Dod'a-nim
El'te-kon E'shek
Gal'anlad Geth-o-Ii'asl«
Ches'a-lon Cni'dus
o-my Dod'a-vah 9
El'to-lad Esh'ka-lon
Galal Geth-sem'a-
Che'sed Ni'dus
Dib'la-im 16 Do'do
E'lul Esh'ta-ol
Gal'e-ed ne
Che'sil Col-ho'zeh 9
Dib'lath Po'eg
E-lu'za-i 5 Esh'tau-lites
Gal'ga-la Ge-u'el 17
Che'sud Col'li-us
Di'bon Dopn'kah 9
El-y-ma'is 8
Gal'i-lee Ge'zer
Che-sul'loth Co-los'se
Di'bon Gad Dor
El'y-mas Esh-tem'o-a
Gal'lim Ge'zer-ites 8
Chet'tim Co-los'si-ans
Dib'ri 3 Do'ra
El'za-bad Esh'te-moth
Gal')i-o Gi'ah
Che'zib Co-losh'e-nns
Dib'za-hab, Dor'cas
El'za-phan Esh'ton
Gam'a-el 13 Gib'bar
Chi'don Co-ni'ah 15
Chil'le-ab Con-o-ni'ah
or Diz'a-habno-rym'e-nes
Di'drachm Donsith'e-us
Em-al-cu'eli7Es'li »
E'mims Es-ma-chi'ah
Ga-ma'li-el l3Gib'be-lhon
Gam'ma- Gib'e-a 9
Chi-li'on Cor
Di'dram Do'tha-im,
E-mau'u-eli7 15
dims Gib'e-nh 9
Chil'mad Cor'be
Did'v-mus 8 Or Do'than
*Em'ma-«s E-so'ra
Ga'mul Gib'e-ath
Chim'ham CorTjan
Diklah, or 10
Em'mer Es'ril
Gar Gib'e-on
Chis'leu, Co're
Dil'dah .Du'raflb.9
E'mor Es'rom
Ga'reb Gib'e-on-
Casleu, or Cor'inth
Dil'e^n Du'ra
E'nam Es-senes' 8
Gar'i-zim ites 8
Cis'leu Co-rin'thi-
E'nan Est'ha-ol
Gar'rnites S Gib'lites 8
Chis'lon ans
.E
En'dor Es'ther
Gasli'mu Gid'dal-ti 3
Chis'loth Co'sam
En-eg-la'in Es'ter
Ga'tam Gid'del
TaTjor Cou'tha
E'A-NES El-eu-za'i 3, 5
16 E'tam
Gath Gid'e-on 7
Chit'tim Coz
ET)al El-ha'nan
En-e-mes's»r E'tham
Gath He'- Gid-e-o'ni 3
Chi'un CozT>i 3
E'bed E'li 3
E-ne'ni-as E'than
pher Gi'dora
Chlo'e Cres'cens
E-bed'me- E-li'ab
En-gan'nim Eth'a-nim
Gath Rim'- Gi'er Ea'gle
Cho'ba Crete
lech E-li'a-da
En'ge-di 7 Eth'ba-al
mon J]/er Eagle
Cho-ra'sin, orCre'tans
Eb-en-e'zer E-li'a-dah
En-had'dah 9 E'ther
Gaulan GiTaon
Cho-ra'- Cretes
E'ber E-li'a-dun
En-hak'ko-re Eth'ma
Gaulon Gil'a-lai 5
shan, or Cre'ti-ans
E-bi'a-sajih E-li'-ah9
En-ha'zor Eth'nan
Ga'za Gil'bo-a
Cho-ra'zin Cre'she-ans
E-bro'nah E-li'ah-ba 9
En-m»h'pat Eth'ni 3
Gaz'a-bar Gil'e-ad
Chos-a-me'- Cu'bit
E-ca'uus E-li'a-kim
E'r.och 8 Eu-as'i-bus
Ga-za'ra Gil'e-ad-ite S
us Cush
Ec-bat'a-na E-li'a-H 3
Knock Eu-bu'lus
Ga'zath-ites SGil'gal?
Cho-zeTja Cu'shan
Ec-cle-si-as'- E-li'am
E'non Eve
Ga'zer Gi'loh 9
CBRJST Cu'shan
tes E-li'as 15
E'nos1 E'viS
Ga-ze'ra 13 Gi'lo-nice S
Chub F Rish-a-tha'-
Kub im is
Ec-cle-si-as'- E-li'a-saph
ti-cus E-Ji'a-shib
E'nosh 'E'vil-n?er-o'-
JJn-rim'mon dach
Ga'zcz Gim'zo
Gaz'ites 8 Gi'nath
Chun Cu'shi S
Ed E-li'a-sis
En-rc/gel 18 Eu'ca-than
Gaz'zam Gin'ne-tho
Chu'sa, or Cuth, or
E'dar E-li'a-tha, or
En'she-mesh Eu-ni'ce
GeTja 7 Gin'ne-thon
Chu'za Cuth'ah
E'den E-li'a-thah
En-lap'pu^hEu-o'di-as
Geljal Gir'ga'shi 3
Chush'an Cu'tne-flns
E'der E-li-a'zar
9 Eu-pol'e^nws
GeTrar Gir'ga-shitts*
Rish-a- C/a-mon
E'des E-li'dad
Ep'a-phras Eu-roc'ly-
Ge'ber G-is'pa 9
thri'un 15 Cy-re'r.e
E'di-as E'li-el 13
E-paph-ro- don
Ge'bim Git'tah He'-
Chu'si Cy-re'ni-us
Ed'na E-li-e'na-i 5
di'tus Eu'ty-chus
Ged-a-iyah' is pher
E'dom . E-li-e'zer
E-pen'e-tu3 Ex'o-dus
Ged'dur Git'ta-im 15
D
E'dom-itesS E-li'ha-ba
E'phah E'zar
Ge'der Git'tite
Ed're-i 3 El-i-hce'na-i 5
E'phai 5 Ez'ba-i 3, 5
Ge-de'rah 1* Git'titesS
DA»rA-RBH9Dan
Eg'Jah El-i-ho'reph
E'pher Ez'bon
Ged'e-rite S Git'tith
Dab'ba- Dan'ites 8
Effla-im 10 E-li'hu
E-phes-dam'- Ez-e-chi'as
Ge-de'roth 13Gi'zo-nite S
sheth Dan-ja'au
Eg'lon E-li'as 15
min Ez-e-ki'as
Ged-e-roth- Glede
Dab'e-rath Dan'i-el 13
E^ypt E-li'jah 9
Eph'lal E-z/lii-el 13
a'im 16 Gni'dus
DaT>ri-a Dan'nah
E'hi 3 El'i-ka
Efphod E'zel
Ge'dir tii'dvs
Da-coT>i 3 Dan'o-brath
ETiud Elim
E'phor E'zem
Ge'dor Go'ath
Dad-de'us Da'ra
E'ker E-lim'e-lech6
Eph'pha-Uia E'zer
Ge-ha'zi 7, ISGob
Da'gon Dar'da
Dai san 5 Da'vi-an
Dal-a-i'ah5 Darken
Ek're-bel E-li-«e'na-i 5
Ek'ron E-Ii-o'nas
Ek'xon-ites 8 El'i-phal
E phra-im Ifi Ez-e-ri'as 15
E'phra-im- E-zi'as is
ites 8 t'zi.on Ge'-
Gel'i-loth Gog
Ge-ir,al'li 3 Go'lan
Gera-!»-ri'ah iGol'go-tha
Dari-l»h Da'than
E'la E-liph'a-leh 9
Eph'ra-tah ber, or E'-
Ge-ne'zar 13 Go-li'ah9
Dal-ma-nu'- Dath'e-mah,
El'a-dah El'i-phaz
Eph'rath zi-on-ge'-
Ge-nes'a-rcth Go-li'ath
tha or Dath'-
E'lah E-liph'e-let
Eph-i'rath- ber
7 Go'mer
Dal'phon mah
E'lam E-lis'a-beth
ites 8 Ez'uite 8
Gen'e-s's Go-mor'rah
Dam'a-ris Da'vid
E'lam-itcs 8 El-i.s;E'us
E'phron Ez'ra
Jen'e-iis Go'pher-
Dam-a- De'bir
El'a-sah 9 E-li'sha 9
Er Ez'ra-hite S
Gen-ne'us wood
scenes' «Deb'o-rah
E'lath E-li'shah
E'ran Ez'ri 3
Gen-u'Lath Gor'giras
El-beth'el E-lish'a-ma
E'ran-Ues 8 Ez'ri-el 13
Gen'tilesS Gor'je-as
! El'ci-a E-lish'a-mah
E-ras'tus Ez'ril
Jen'tiles Gor'ty-na
* Deiorah.— The learn-
El'she-a E-lish'a-phat
E'rt-ch 6 Ez'ron, or
Ge'on Go'siien
ed editor of Labbe tells us,
El'da-ah E-lish'e-ba
E'ri 3 Hez'ron
Ge'ra Go-thon'i-el
Uiat this word has the pe-
nultimate long, both in
r El'dad I- 1-i-shu'a 13
E'le-ad E-lis'i-mus
E'aa Ez'ron-ites 8
Ge'rah 9 13
Ge'rar Go'zan
Greek and Hebrew; and
E-le-aleh 9 E-li'u
G
G«'a-«a 9 GraTia
yet he observes that our
. E-le-a'le.— E-li'ud
Ger'ga-sliiS Gre'ci-«9
clergy when reading the
Holy Scriptures to the peo-
ple in English, always pro-
nounce it with the accent
Milton. E-liz'a-phan
E-Je/a-sali 9 El-i-se'us
E-le-a'zer E-li'zur
E-le-a-zu'rus ElTia-nah
GJ('AL Gab'a-tha
Ga 'ash Gab'bai 5
Ga ba Gab'ba-tha
Gao'a-el 13 . GaTori-as
Gei^ga-shites Gre'she.-n
8 Gud'go-dah
Ger-ge-senes' Gu'ni s
8 Gu'nites S
on the first syllable ; ' ' and
El-el-o'he Is'-El'ko-shite 8
Ger'i-zim 7 Gur
why not," says: he, " when
they place the accent on the
ra-el Ella-sar
E-lu'the-ru? El'mo-dam
* Emmatts. — This word
Ger'rin-i-ans Gur-ba'al
Ger-ra-'ans
first syllable of orator.
is very improperly pro-
auditor, and successor ?"
nounced in two syllables,
H
" But," continues lie, " 1
suppose they accent them
otherwise when they speak
Latin." Who doubts it f
as if divided into Em'-
maut.
TA-P.I llab'ak-kuk
HEL
JAiB
JOS
Hab-a-«a-ni'- Hsr-a-J'ah <5
He!-chl%ih-!&'Hi'vitesS
ah is Ha'ran
Hel'da-i t> Ho'ba, or
Ila-ber'ge-onH-a'ra-rite 8
He/leb Ho'bah
Ha'bor Jiar-bo'na
He'le.l Ho'bab
Hach-a-li'ah Har-bo'uah
He'lek Hod
15 Ha'rcph
He'lek-itcsS Hod-a-i'ali '5
Hach'i-lah Ha'reth
He'lem Hod-a-vi'ah
Hach'mo-ni SHar'has
Ile'leph 1-
Hach'mb- HarTia-ta')
He'lez Ho dish
nite 8 Har'hur
He'liS Ho-de\a9
Ha'da Ha'rim
HelTia-l 3 'Ho-de'vah9
Ha'dad Ha'riph
Hel'kath Ho-di'ah 1;
Had-ad-e'zer Har*ne-pher
Hel'kath Ho-di'jah5
Ha'dad Uim'-lla'rod
Haz'zu-rimHog'lah
mon Ha'rod-iteS
Hel-ki'as 15 Ho'ham
Ha'dar Har'o-eh 9
He'lon Ho'len
Had'a-shah Ha'ro-riteS
He'man Hol-o-fer'nes
Ha-das'sa 9 Har'o-sheth
He'math, or Ho'lon
Ha-das'sah Har'sha9
Ha'math Ho'man, or
Ha-dat'tahO Ila'rum
Hem'dan He'man
Ha'did Ha-ru'maph
Hen Ho'mer
Had'la-55 Ha-ru'phite8
He'nafl Hoph'ni 3
Ha-do'ram Ha'ruz
Hen'a-dad Hoph'rah
Ha'drach 6 Has-a-di'ah«
He'noch6 Hor
Ha'gab Has-e-nu'ah
He'pher Ho'ram
Hag'a-bah 9 13
He'ph er-i tesS H o'reb
Hag'a-i 5 Hash-a-bi'ah
1 1 eph'zi-bah.9 H o'rem
Ha'gar 15
Ilernm Hor-a-gid'-
Ha-gar-enes'SHfish-ab'nah
He'res dad
Ha';:ar-ites 8 9
He'resh Ho'ri 3
Hag'ga-i s Hash-ab-ni'-
Her'mas Ho'rims
Hag'ge-ri ' ah 15
Hag'gi 3 Hash-bad'a-
Her-mog'e- Ho'ritesS
lies Hor'mah
Il.ijj-Vi'ahl.''' na»
Her'mon Hor-o-na'im
H ag';<i tes 8 H a'shem
Her'mon-ites is
Hair'aith Hash-mo'nah
8 Hor'o-nitesS
TJ_>- f Q
Ilcr'od Ho'sa, or
Hak'ka-tan Ha's' um
I-li'-ro'di-ans Has'nh
Hak'koz Ha-shu'pha 9
He-ro'di-as Ho-san'na
Hak-u'pha l3Has'rah
He-ro'di-an Ho-se'a 9
Ha'lah 9 11 as-se-na'ah
Hc-'seb Ho-ire'a
Ha'lac 9
He'scd Hosh-a-i'ah
Hal'lul Ha-su'pha 9
Hesh'Ixin !*
tla'li 3 Ha'tach «
Hesh'mon Hosh'a-rna
rfa!-le-lu'Jah Wi'i.n<-h
Heth IIo-she'a8
Hal-le-lu'yahHA'ihMh
Heth'ton Ho'th-m
Hal-lo'esh Hat'i-ta
Hcz'e-ki 3 Ho'than
Ham Hat'til
Hez-e-ki'ah IHo'thir
Ha'man Hat-ti'pha
He'zer, or Huk'kok
Ha'math, or Hat'tush
He'zir Hul
He'math Hav'i-lah9
He-zi'a Hul'dah 9
Ha'math-iteSHa'voth Ja'ir
He'zi-on Ihun'tah
Ha'math Zo'-H ni'ran
1 1 1 z'ra-i 15 Hu'pham
bah Haz'a-ell3
Hez'ro Ilu'phani-
Ham'matTi Ha-zai'ah 5
Hez'ron ites 8
Ham-med'a- Ila'z.irAd'dar
Hcz'ron-itesSHup'pah
•tha Ha'zarE'nan
Hid'da-i5 Hup'inm
Ham'e-Jech 6 Ha'zar Cad'-
Hid'de-kel Hur
Ham'i-tal dah
Hi'el Hu'rai 5
Ham-mol'e- Ha'zar Hat'-
Hi-er'e-el is Hu'ram
keth ti-con
I !i-er'e-moth Hu'ri 3
Ham'mon Ha'zar Ma'-
Hi-er-i-elus Hu'shah 9
Ham'o-nah veth
Hi-er'mas Hu'shai 5
Ha'mon Gog Ha-za'roth
Hi-or-on'y- Hu'sham
Ha'inor Ha'zar Shu'el
mus Hu'shath-ite
Ha'moth Ha'zar.Su'sah
Hicr-gai'on 5 8
Ha'imrth DorHa'zar Su'-
Hi'len Hu'shim
Ha-mu'el 17 sim
Hil-ki'ah 15 Hu'shub
Ha'mul Ha'zel El-
Hil'lel Hu'shu-baliS
Ha'mul-itesS po'ni 3
Hin Hiiz
Ha-mu'tal Ha-ze'rim
Hin'nom Hu'roth
Ha-nam'e-el Haz-e'roth
Hi 'rah Huz'zab
13 Ha'zer Shu'-
Hi'ram Hy-das'pes
ria'nan sim
Hir-ca'nns Hy-e'na9
Ha-nan'e-ell3Haz'e-zon
Han'a-ni 3 Ta'mar
His-ki'jnh 15 Hy-men-e'us
Hit'titesS
Han-a-ni'ah Ha'zi-el 13
15 Ha'zo
I, J
Ha'nes Ha'zor
Han'i-ell3 H;iz'u-bnh9
JA'A-KAV Ja-az-a-ni'ah
Han'nah 9 He'bfr
Ja-ak'o-bah 9 15
Han'na-thon He'bor-ites 8
Ja-a^la Ja-a'zar
•Han'ni-el -3 He'brews
Ja-a'teh 9 J::-a-zi'ah 15
Ha'nooh He'bron
Ja-a'lam Ja-a'zi-el 13
Ha'noch-ites He'brrm-itesS
Ja'a-nai 5 Ja'bal
8 He!»'a-i5
Ja-ar-e-or'a- Jab'hok
•Ha'i'un He*ge7
gim JaTx-sh
I!:iph-a-ra'- He'lahO
Ja-as-a-ni'a Ja'bez
im 15 He'Um
Ja'a-iau Ja'bin
1';iri HerTsahS
Ja-a'si-el 13 Jab'ne-el 13
•i lar'a-dnh 9 Hel'ban
Ja-a'sah 9 Jab'neh 9
Ja'fh.in Ib-nci'aho
Ja'chm Ib-ni'jah*
.laVliin-itesS ib'ri 3
Ja'cob Ib'zan
Ja-coT>«s '3 Ich'a-bod
Ja'da ]-co'ni-um
Jad-dit'a9 Id'a-lanU
Ja'don Id'bash
Ja'el Id'do
Ja'gur Id'u-el 13
J;sh Id-u-mae'aO
Ja-haV-el 3 Id-u-in»'«ns
Ja-hal'e-lel isje'a-rim
Ja'hath Je-at'c-rai 5
Ja'haz Je-ber-e-chi'-
Ja-ha'za ah 15
Ja-ha'zah 9 Je'bus
.la-ha-zi'ah 16Je-bu'si 3
Ja-ha"zi-ell3Jeb'u-sites 8
Jah'da-i 5 Jec-a-mi'ah
Jah'di-el 13 15
Jah'do Jec-o-li'ah 15
Jah'le-el Jec-o^ni'ah 15
Jah'le-el-ites Je-dai'a5, 9
8 Je-dai'ah 5
Jah'ma-i 5 Jed-de'us
Jah'aah9 Jed'du
Jah'ze-el 13 Je-dei'afc 9
Jah'zi-e! 13 Je-di'a-el 13
Jali'ze-el-ites Jed'i-ah
8 Jed-e-di'ah 15
Jah'ze^iali 9 Je'di-el 13
Ja'ir Jed'u-thun
Ja'ir-ites 8 Je-e'li 3
Ja'i-msJa'- Je-e'zer
e-rus Jc-e'zer-ites 8
Ja'kan Je'gar Sa-ha-
Ja'keh 9 du'tha
JaTiim Je^ha'te-el 13
Jak'kim Je-hal'e-lell3
Jalon Je-ha'zi-el 13
Jam'bres Jeh-dei'ah9
Jam'bri 3 Je-hei'e) 9
James Je-hez'e-kel
Ja'min Je-hi'ah 9
Ja'min-ttesS Je-hi'el
Jam'lech Je-hi'e-li 3
Jam'na-.nn Je-hish'a-i 5
Jam-ni'a 9 Je-his-ki'ah
Jam'nitesS 15
Jat/na 9 Je-ho'a-dah
Jan'nes Je-ho-ad'dan
Ja-no'ali9 Je-ho'a-haz
Ja-no'hah 9 Jc-ho'ash
Ja'num Je-ho'ha-dah
Ja'phet 9
Ja'pheth Je-lio'ha-nan
Ja-phi'ah '5 Je-hoi'a<hin
Japh'tet 6
Japh'le-ti 3 Je-hoi'a-da
Ja pho Je-hoi'a-kim
Jar Je-hoi'a-rib
Ja'rah 9 Je-hon'a-dab
Ja'reb • Je-hoa'a-
Ja'red tlian
Jar-e-si'ah 13 Je-ho'rant
Jar'ha9 <Je-lio-shab'-
Ja'rib e-ath
Jar'm)!!!! Je-hosh'a-
Ja-r-o'ah'J phat M
Jas'a-cl 13 Je-hosh'e-ba
Ja'shem Je-Iiosh'n-a
Ja'shen JE-HO'VAH
Ja'shcr Je-lio'vah Ji'-
Ja-s!io'be-am reth
Jash'ub Je-lio'vah
Jash'u-bi Le'- Nis'si
hem Je-ho'vah
Jnsh'iib-ites G shal'iom
Ja'si-el 13 Je-ho'vah
Ja-su'tous Sham'mah
Ja'tal Je-ho'vah
Jatli'ni-el 13 Tsici'ke-nu
Jat'tir Je-hoz'a-bad
Ja'van . Je'hu
Ja'zar Je-hub*ah
Ja'zer Je'hu-cal
Ja'zi-el 13 Je'hud
Ja'ziz Je-hu'di 3, 13
Ib'har i«-hu-di'jah
ILi'le-am H
Je'tnuh Jim'ia, or
Je-i'el ( :ri'la
Je-kab'ze-el Jim'na, or
13 Jim'nah
Jek-a-me'am Jim'nites 3
Jek-a-mi'ah I'jon
15 Jiph'tah
Je-ku'thi-cl Jiph'tliah-e.
13 Ik'kcsh
Jem'i-mah I'lai 1
Jem-u'elU Im
Jtph'ihah Im'Jah 9
Je-phurrtieh Im'inali 9
Je'rah .Im-man'if-el
Je-rahm'e-el 1 ^
13 Im'mer
Je-rahm'e-el- Im'na, or
ites Im'nah
.ler'e-chtis 6 Im'rah
Je'red Im'ri 3
Jer'e-mai 5 Jo'ab
Jer-e-ir.i'ahl5Jo'a-chaz
Jer'e moth Jo-a-da*nus
Jer'e-mouth Jo'ah
Je-ri'ah 1* Jo'a-haz
Jer'i-bai ' Jo'a-kim
Jer'i-cho 6 Jo-an'na
Je'ri-el 13 Jo-an'tian
Je-ri'jal) 15 Jo'ash
Jer'i-mdth Jo'a-iham
Je'r:-oth Jo-a-zab'duf
Jer'o-don Job
Jer'o-ham Jobe
Jer-o-bo'am Jo'bab
Je-rut/ba-:.! Joch'e-bed *
Je-rub'e- Jo'da 9
sheth Jo'ed
Jer'u-ell" Jo'el
Je-ru'sn-lem Jo-e'lah 9
Je-ru'sha 11 Jo-e'zer
Je-sai'ah 5 Jog'be-ah
Jish-a-i'ah 5 Jog'li
Jesh'a-nah Jo'ha 9
Jcsh'ar-p-lah Jo-ha'nan
,lesh-eb'e-ab 9John
Jesh-eb'e-ah Jon
Je'sher Joi'n-da 9
Je; h'i-mon Joi'a-ktm
Je-shish'a-i 5 Joi'a-rib
•Jesh-o-ha-i'- Jok'de-am
ah 15 Jo'kim
Jesh'u-a 13 Jok'me-an
Jesh'u-run Jok'ne-am
Je-si'ah ;5 Jok'shan
Je-sim'i-cl Jok'tan
.Its'se ' Jok'the-el 13
Jcs'u-al3 Jo'na 9
Jcs'u-i 3 Jon'a-dab
J R'SUS Jo'nah 9
Je'ther Jo'nan
Je'theth Jo'nas
Jeth'lah Jon'a-than
Je'thro Jo'nath, E*
Je'tur lira, Re-
Je'u-ell3 cho'chimS
Je'ush Jop'pa
Je'nz Jo'ra
Jew'rie Jo'ra-i 5
Jez-a-ni'ah K'Jo'ram
Jez'a-*el Jor'dan
Je-zo'lus Jor'i-bas
Je*zer Jo'rim
Je'zer-itesS Jo /ko-am
Je'zi-ah 15 Jos'a-bad
Je'zi-el 11 Jos'a-phat
Jez'li-ah 15 Jos-a-phi'as
Jez'o-ar 15
Jez,ra-hi'ah Jo'se
11 Jo«'e-dech 6
Jez're-ell3 Jo'se-ell3
Jez're-el-ite SJo'seph
Jcz're^el-i- Jo'ses
tcss Joih'a-bad
I'gal Jo'shah 9
Ig-da-lt'ah iWosh'a-pbat
Jg-e-ab'a- Jos!i-a-\i'ali
rim 7 14
le'e-al 7 Josh-beK'a-
J'.b'sam sba
Jid'iaph Josh'u-a 9
Jim 4o-*i'ah «
JUN
LOR
MAT
MIS
' o-si'as Ish'me-rai 5
Ju-shab'be- Iz-ra-hi'ah 15
Lot Lu'hith
Mat-ta-thi'asMe'sha
Jos-i-bi'ah 15 1 'shod
sed Iz'ra-hite
Lo'tan Luke
Mat-te-na'i 5 Me'shach «•
Jos-i-phi'ah Ish'pan
Jus'tus Iz-ra-i'ah, or
Lolh-a su'- Luz
Mal'than Me'shechti
Jo-ii'phus l^Ish'tob
Jul'tah9 Is-ra-i'ah'J
bus 13 Lyc-a-o'ni-a
Mat'that Me'shuk
I-o'ta 9 Ish'u-a 9
Iz'e-har 13 Iz're-el 13
Lo'zon Lyc'ca
Mat-the'las Mesh-el-e-
Jur/bah 9 Ish'u-ai 5
Iz'har Iz'ri 8
Lu'bim I.yd da
Mat'thew mi'ah
Jofbath Is-ma-chi'ah
Iz'har-ite 8 Iz'rites 8
Lu'bims Lyd'i-a 4
Mat-thi'as 15 Mesh-ez'a-bel
lofba-tha '5
Lu'cas Ly-sa'ni-as 4
Mat-ti-thi'ah Mcsh-ez'a-
Jo'tham Is-ma-i'ah 15
K
Lu'ci-fer Lys'i-a 9
15 beel
Joz'a-bacl Is'pah
Lu'ci-us Lizh'e-a
Maz-i-ti'as iSMesh il-la'-
Joz'a-char 6 »H'ra-el
KAB Kib'za-im 16
Lud Lys'i-as
Maz-za'roth mith
Joz'a-dak Is'ra-el-ites 8
Kab'ze-el 13 Kid'ron
Lu'dim Lys'tra
Me'ah Mesh-ine-
Jph-e-dei'ah Is'sa-char
Ka'des Ki'nah 9
Me-a'ni 3 moth
15 Is-tal-cu'rus
Ka'desh, or Kir
M
Me-a'rah Me-sho'bah9
Ir >3
Ca'desh Kir-har'e-
Me-bu'nai 5 Me-shul'lam
I'ra is'u-i 3 13
Ka'desh seth
MA'A-CAH 9 Ma'ked
Mech'c-rath Me-shui'le-
I'rad Is'u-ites8
Bar'ne-a KirTie-resh
Ma'a-chah 6 Mak-e'loth
'3 mith
I'ram Ith'a-i, or
Kad'mi-el 13Kir'i-ath, or
Ma-ach'a-thi Mak-ke'dah
Mech'e-rath- Mes'o-bah 13
I'ri3 It'a-i5
Kad'mon-ites Kir'jath
3 13
ite8 Mes'o-ba-ite8
I-ri'jah 15 H'a-ly
8 Kir'jath Ar'-
Ma-ach'a- Mak'tesh
Me'dad Mes-o-pota'-
Ir'na-hash Ith'a-mar
Kalla-i 5 ba
thitesS Mal'a-chi3, G
Med'a-lah 9 mi -a
1'ron Hh'i-el 13
Ka'nah 9 Kir'jath
M a-ad'ai 5 Mal'cham
Me'dan Mes-si'ali 15
Ir'pe-el 13 Ith'mah
Ka-re'ah 9 A'im
Ma-a-di'ahl5Mal-ch>'ah 15
Med'e-ba 9 Mes-si'as 15
Ir-she'mish Ith'nan
Kar"ka-a 9 Kir'jath
Ma-a'i 5 Mal'chi-el 13
Medes Me-te'rus 13
1'ru Hh'ra 9
Kar'kor A'rim
Ma-al'eh Mal'chi-el-
Me'di-a Me'thegAm'-
I'sa-ac Ith'ran
Kar'na-im IGKir'jith
A-crab'bim ite»8
Me'di-an mah
J'zaJc 1th 're-am
Kar'tan A'ri-us
Ma-a-nai 5 Mal-chilah
Me-e'da Meth're-datll
I-saf -ah 5 1 th'ri tes 8
Kar'tah 9 Kir'jath
Ma'a-rath Mal-chi ram
Me-gid'do7 Me-thu'sa-ei
Is'cah It'tah Ka'zin
Ke'dar Ba'al
Ma-a-sei'ah 9Mal-chi-shu'-
Me-gid'don 7 Me-thu'se-
Is-car"i-ot It'ta-i 5
Ked'e-mah 9 Kir'jath
Va-a-zi'ah 15 ah 12
Me-ha'li 3 lah 9
Is'da-el 13 It-u-re'a 13
Ked'e-moth Hu'zoth
Ma'ath Mal'chom
Me-het'a-bel Me-thu-se'ia
lsh'bah.9 I'vah
Ke'desh Kir'jath
Ma'az Mal'chus 6
Me-hi'da Me-u'nim 13
Ish'bak Ju'bal
Ke-hel'a- Je'a-rim
Ma-a-zi'ah ISMal'las
Me'hir Mez'a-hab
IshT>i Be'nobJu'cal
thah 9 Kir'jath
Mab'da-i 5 Mal'lo-thi 3
Me-ho!'ath- Mi'amin
lshT>o-sheth Ju'dnh 9
Kei'lah 9 Han'nah
\ ac/a-lon Mal'luch 6
ite8 MibTiar
I'shi 3 Ju'das
Ke-lai'ah 5 Kir'jath
Mac'ca-bees Ma-mai'as 5
Me-hu'ja-el!3\Tib'sam
I-shi'ah 15 Jude
Kel'i-ta Se'pher
^ ' ac-ca-ba>'usMam'mon
Me-hu'man 5 Mib'zar
I-shi'jah 15 Ju-dse'a
Kel-kath- Kir'i-oth 4
M ch'ce-nah Mam-ni-ta-
Mp-bu'nim Mi'cah 9
Ish'ma 9 Ju'dith
haz-u'rim Kish
Mach'be-nai nai'mus
M e-hu'nims M i-cai'ah 5
Ish 'ma-el 13 Ju'el
Kem-u'el 13,Ki.>h'i 3
5 Mam 're
Me-j 'r'kon Mi'cah 9.
Ish'raa-el-itesJu'li-a
17 Kish'i-on4
Mach-heloth Ma-mu'cus
Mek'o-nah 9 Mi'cha-el 15
8 Ju'ni-a
Ke'nah 9 Ki'shon, or
Ma'chi 3, 6 Man'a-en
Mela-ti'ahl5Mi'chah9
Ish-ma-i'ahl5
Ke'nan Ki'son
Ma'chir Man'a-hath
Mol'chi 3, fi Mi-ch,i'ah
* Israel* — This word is
Ke'naz Kit'ron
Mach'mas Ma-na'heth-
Mel-chi'as 15 MK-h'masS
colloquially pronounced in
two syllables, and not un-
Ken'itesS Kit'tim
Ken'niz-zites Ko'a 9
Mach-na-de'- itesS
bai 5 Man-as-se'as
Mel'chi-el '3 Mik'mat
Mel-chis'e- Mich'mash
frequently heard in the
Ker-enhap'- Ko'hath
Mach-pe'lahS 12
dek Mich'me-
same manner from the
puch Ko'hath-ites
Ma'cron Ma-nas'seh 9
Mel-chi-shu'- thah 9
pulpit. The tendency of
two vowels to unite, when
Ker-f.n-hap'- Kol-a-i'ah 15
pnk Ko'rah 14
Mad'a-i5 Ma-nas'sites 8
Ma-di'a-bun Ma'neh 9
a 13 Mich'n 3
Me-le'a Mich'tam
there is no accent to keep
Ke'ri-oth Ko'rah-itesS
Ma-di'ah 15 Man-ha-na'-
Me'lech6 Mid'din
them distinct, is the cause
Ke'ros Ko'rath-ites
Ma'di-an im 16
Mel'li-cu Mid'i-an
of this corruption, as in
Ke-tu'ra Kor'hiie
Mad-man'- Ma'ni 3
^!el'i-ta Mid'i-an-ites
Ke-tu'rah 8 Kor'hites
nan >• an'na
Mel'zar 8
as there is a greater diffi-
Ke-zi'a 1, 9 Kor'ites 8
Ma'don Ma-no'ah
Mem'pliis Mig'da-lel
culty in keeping separate
two unaccented vowels of
Ke'ziz Ko're
KiT>roth Koz
Ma-e'lus 13 Ma'ochG
MagTiish Ma'on
Me-mu'canl3Mig'dal Gad
Men'a-hem Mis'dol
the same kind, so the lat-
Hat-ta'a- Kush-ai'ah 5
vah
Mag'da-la9 Ma'on-ites 8
Mag'da-len Ma'ra 9
Me'nan M ij'ron
Me'ne Mii'a-min
cusable than the former :
Mag-da-fe'fe Ma'rah 9
Me'nith Mik'loth
and therefore, in my opi-
L
Mag'di-el 13 Mar-a-lah
Men'o-thai-r' Mik-nei'ah9
nion, this word ought al-
Ma'gotf Mar-a-nath'a
Me-on'e-nem Mil-a-la'i 5
ways in public pronuncia-
tion, especially in reading
LA'A-DAH 9 Le'cha
La'a-dan Le'ha-bim
Ma'gor Mis'- Mar-do-che'-
sabib us 6
Mepb'a-ath Mil'cah9
Me-phib'o- Mil'ciia9
the Scri('ture, to be heard
in three syllables. Milton
La'ban LeTii
Lab'a-na 9 Lem'u-el 17
Mag'pi-ash 4 Ma-re'shah
va5ha-lah9 Mark
sheth Mil'chah9
Me'rab Mil'com
introduces this word four
La'chish Le'shem
Ma'ha-lath Mar'i-sa 9
Mer-a-iahlSMil'lo
times in his Paradise Lost,
La-cu'nus 13 Let'tus
Le-an'noth Mar'moth
Me-rai'oth 5 Mi'na 9
and constantly makes it
La'dan Le-tu'shim
Ma'ha-lath Ma'roth
Me'ran Mi-ni'a-min
two syllables only- But
La'el Le'vi 3
Mas'chil S -Alar're-kah 9
Mer'a-ri 3 Min'ni 3
those who understand Eng-
lish prosody know, that we
LaTiad Le.vi'a-than
Laliai-roi Le'vis
Ma-ha'le-ell8Mar'se-na 9
Ma'ha-li 8 Mar'te-na
Mer'a-rites 8 Min'nith
Mer-a-tha'imMipVkad
have a great number of
Lah'man Le'vi IPS 8
Ma-ha-na'im Mar'tha
15 Mir'i-am
words which have two dis-
Lah'mas Le-vi'ti-cus
1C Ma'rv
Me'red Mir'maS
tinct impulses, that go for
no more than a single syl-
Lah'mi 3 Le-um'mim
La'ish Lib'a-nus
MaTia-neh Mas'chil 6
Dm Mas'e-loth
Mer'e-moth M is'gab
Me'res MisVa-el 'S,
lable in verse, such as
La'kum Lib'nah 9
MaTia-nem Mash
Mer'i-bah9 15
heaven , given t &c.: higher
La'mech 6 Lib'ni 3
\'a-har'a-i 5 Ma'shal
Mer'i-bah Mi'shal '
and dyer are always con-
Lap'i-doth Lib'ni tes 8
Ma'nath Mas'man
Ka'dish Mi 'sham
sidered as dissyllables: and
hire and dire, which have
La-se'.i 9 Lyb'i-a 9
La'shah Lig-nal'oes
Ma'ha-vites Mas'moth
MaTiaz Mas're-kah9
Me-rib'ba-al Mi'she-al
Mer'i-moth I Mish'ma9
exactly the same quantity
to the ear, but as n ono-
La-sha'ron Li'gureS
Las'the-nes LikTii3
Ma-ha'zi-oth ^'a'sa 9
MaTier-shal'- Mas'sah 9
M e-ro'ilach 1 1 Mis^-man'na
Bal'a-dan Mish'ra-ites*
lyllables. Israfl, there-
Laz'a-rus Lo-am'mi 3
al-hnshTjaz Mas-si'as 15
Me'rom Mis'par
fore, ought always, in de-
Le'ah 9 Lod
Mali'lah Ma'trel
Me-ron'o- Mis'pe-reth
liberate and solemn speak-
ing to be heard in three
Leb'a-nah 9 Lod'e-bar
Leb'a-non Lag
Ma'/li3 Ma'triS
Mah'l'' Mat'tan
thiteS M,is'pha9
'Me'roz Mis'phah 5
svllables. The same may
Leb'a-oth Lois
Mah'lon Mat'tan-ah
Me'ruth Mis'ra-im l«
fcie observed of Raphael
Lrb-be'us 13 Lo Ilu/ha-
Mai-an'e-as Mat-tan-i'ah
Me'sechfi Mis're-photlv
Hid Michael.
Lc-Uo'nah 9 ma
Ma'kas Mat'ta-tha
Me'»ek ma'im K
NER
PEK
51
RAT
SAB
Mith'cahS Mo'rash-iteS
Ne-than'e-el Nis'roch 6
Pe'kod Phi-lar'ches
*Ra'pha-el Rrph-a-i'?.h
Mith'niteS Mo'ras-thite
13 Nis'mk
Pel-a-i'?.h 5 Phi-le'monll
13, 15 T5
Mith'i i-dath Mor'de-cai 5,
Neth-a-ni'ah No-a-di'ah 15
Pel-a-li'ah Phi-le'tus U
Ra'phel Reph'a-im 16
Mi'zur 13
Neth'i-nims No'ah, or
Pel-a-ti'ah l''Phi-lis'ti-a
Ka'phah9 Reph'a-ims
Miz'pahO Mo'reh 9
Ne-to'phah 9 No'e
Pe'leg Phi-Iis'tim
Raph'a-im Reph'i-dim
Miz'pehS Mor'esh-eth
Ne-toph'a- Nob
Pe'let Phi-lis'tines 8
1« Ite'sen
Miz'ra-im '6 Gath
thi3 No'bahO
Pe'leth Fi-lii'tins
Ra'jihon Re'scph
Miz'zak 9 Mo-ri'ah 15
Mna'son Mo-se'ra 9 •
Ne-toph'a- Nod
thites No'dab
Pe'leth-ites 8Phi-lol'o-gus
Pe-li'as is Phil-o-me'-
Ra'phu Re'u
Rassis Reu'ben
Na'son Mo-se'rah 9
Ne-zi'ah 15 No'e-ba 9
Pel'o-inte 8 tor
Rath'u-mus Re-u'el 13
Mo'ab Mo-so'roth
Nf 'zib No'ga, or
re-i'i'el 13 Phin'e-as
1"J Reu'mah
Mo'ab-ites" Mo'ses
Mo-a-di'ah ISMo'se*
Nib'bas No'^ah
Nib'shan No'hah 9
Pe-nin'nah Phin'e has
Pen'ni-nah Phi'son 1
Ra'zis Re'zeph
Re-a-i'ah 5 Re-zi a 15
Mock'mur Mosollam
N ic-o-d e'musNom
Pcn-tap'o-lis Phle'gou
Re'ba 9 Re'zin
Mock'ram Mo ml'la-
Nic-o-la'i- Nom'a-des
Pen'ta-teiicb Pho'ros
Re-bec'ca 9 Re'zon
Mo'din mon
tanes Non
Pan'ta-teuk Phul, rhymes
ReVhab 6 Rhe'gi-um
Mo'eth Mo'za 9
Nic'o-las Noph
Pen 'le cost dull
Re'chab-itesSRe'j«-«m
Mol'a-dah9 Mo'zah
Nim'rah Nq/f°
Vuii'te roast Phur
Ke'chah 9 Rhe'sa
Mo'lech.6 Mup'pim
Nim'rim No'phah 9
Pe-nu'el 13 -Phu'rah
Re'ka Re'sa
Mo'Iek Mu'shi 5
Nim'rod No-me'ni-us
Pe'or l'}\ut,rhymes
Re-el-ai'ah 5 Hho'da
Mo'li3 Mu'shitesS
Nim'shi 3 Nun, the fa-
I'er'a-zim nut
Re-el-i'as 15 Hod'o-cus
Molid Muth-labTjen
Nin'e-ve ther of Jo-
Pe'resK Phu'vah
Re-e-sai'<is 5 RiTjai 5
Mo'Ioch 6 Myn'dus
Nin'e-veh9 shua
Pe'rez Phy-gel'lus
Re'gem, the Hib'lah
Mo'lok My'ra 9
Mom'dis Myt-e-le'ne
Nin'e-vites 8 Nym'phas
Ni'sau
Pe'rez Uz'za Phy-Iac'te-
Per'ga 9 nes
g hard Rim'mon
Re-gem'me- Rimmon Pa'-
Mo'o-si-as 13
PeKfa-mos Pi-ha-hi'roth
lech rez
0
Pe-ri'da 9 Pi'late
Re'gom Rin'nah9
N
Per'iz-zitesS Pil'dash
Re-ha-bi'ah Ri'pbath
OB-A-DI'AH O'nus
Per-me'nas Pil'e-tha
15 Ry'fat/i
NA'AM Naz-a-rene'
15 O-ny'as
Per-u'da 9, ispil'tai 5
Re'hob Ris'sah 9
Na'a-mah 9 Naz-a-renes'8
OT>al On'y-cha
Peth-a-hi'ah Pi'non
Re-ho-bo'am Rith'mah
Na'a-man is Naz'a-reth
CT)ed On'e-ka
is Pi'ra
Re-ho'both Ris'pah
Na'a-ma- Naz"a-rite 8
O'bcd E'dom O'nyx
Pe'tlior Pi'ram
Re'hu Ro-fce'lim 7
thites 8 Ne'ah
O'brth O'pliel
Pe-thu'el 13 PirVthon
Re'hum 13
Na'a-mites 8 Ne-a-ri'ah '-5
O'bil O'pher
Pe-ul'thai s Pir'a-thon-
Re'i 3 R ch'gah 9
Na'a-rah 9 Neb'a-i 5
O'both O'phir
Phac'a-reth ite 8
Hc'kem Ru'firt
Na'a-rai 5 Ne-bai'oth 5
O'chi-el 13 Oph'ni 3
Phai'sur Pis'gah
Rem-a-li'ah Ro'i-mus
Na'a ran Ne-ba'joth
Oc-i-de'lus 7 Onh'rah
Plial-dai'ns SPi'son 1
15 Ro-mam-ti-
Na'a-rath Ne-bal'lat
Os-i-de'lus Oreb
Pha-le'asll Pis'pah
Re'meth e'z^r
Na-ash'on Ne'bat
Oc'i-na " O'ren, or
Pl'.a'leg Pi'thon 1
Rem'mon Rosh
Na'a-thu3 NeTx)
Os'i-na O'rnn
Phal'lu Poeh'e-reth 6
Rem'mon Ru'by
Na'bal Neb-u-chad-
Oc'ran O-ri'on
Phal'liS Pon'ti-us
Moth'o-ar Ru'fus
Nab-a'ri-as nez'zar
O'ded Or'nan
Phal'ti-el 13 Pi'late
Rem'phan Ru'ha-mah
Na-ba-the'- Neb u-chod.
O-dollam Or'phah 9
Pha-nu'el 13 Por'a-tha 9
Rem'phis Ru'mah
ans on'o-sor
Od-on-ar'kes Or fa
Phi r'a-cim 7 Pot'i-phar
Re'pha-el 13,Rus'ti-cus
NaTjath-itesSNeb-u-chad-
Oe Or-tho-si'as
Pha'ra-oh Po-tiph'e-ra
15 Ruth
Na'both rez'zar
OTiad 15
Faro Procn'o-rus
Re'phah Hvoth
Na'chon 6 Neb-u-chas'-
O'hel O-sai'as 5
1 har-a-tho'nii u'a, or
N'a'chor 6 ban
Oi'a-rrms O-se'as
3 Pu'ah
S
Na'dab Neb-u-zar'a-
O-lym'phas O'see
Pha'rez Pu'dens
Na-dab'a-the dan
Om-a-e'rus 13O'she-a
Pha'rez-itesSPu'hites 8
t?A-BAC-THA'NI
Nac'ge 7 N^choC
O'mar Os'prny
Hhar'isets Pul, rhymes
NaOia'li-el 13Ne-co'dan
O-me'ga 9 Os'si-frage
Pha'rosh dull
Na hal'lal Nrd-a-bi'ah
NaTia-lol is
O'mer Oth'ni 3
Om'ri 3 Oth'ni-el 4,
Pliar'ph.ar Pu'nites 8
1'h T'zites 8 Tu'non
« Raphael.— This word
has uniformly the ac-
NaTiam Ne-e-mi'as
On 13
Pha'se-ah 13 Pur, or Pu'-
cent on the first syllabic
Na-ham'a-ni Neg'i -noth 7
3 Ne-hel'a-
O'nam Oth-o-ni'as 15
O'nan O'zem
Pha'se-lis 13 rim
Phas'i-ron Put, rhymes
throughout Milton.tnough
Gnecised by ' Pa. fcvr,} '. but
Na-har'a-i5 mite
O-nes'i-mus O-zi'as 15
Phe'be nut
the quantity is not .so in-
NaTiash Ne-he-mi'ah
On-e-siph'o- O'zi-el 4, 13
Pl;e-ni'ce 13 Pu'ti-el 13
variably settled by him;
Naliath 9, is
rus Oz'ni 3
Phib'e-seth Py'garg
for in his Paradise Lost
Nah'bi 3 Ne-he-mi'as
O ni'a-res Oz'nites 8
Phi'col
he makes it four times of
NaTia-bi 3 Ne'hum
u-ni'as is O-zo'ra9
three syllables, and twice
NaTior Ne-hush'ta9
O'no
R
of two. What is observed
Nah'shon Ne-hush'tah
under Israel is applicable
NaTium Ne-hush'tan
P
RA'A-MAH 9 RaTiab
to this word. Colloquially
Na'i-dus 5 Ne'i-el 13
Ra-a-mi'ah Ra'liam
we may pronounce it in
Na'im Ne'keb
PA'A-BAI * Pa'rosh
15 Ra'kem
two, as if written Rtiphel.
Na'in Ne-ko'da
Pa'dan Par-shan'da-
Ra-am'ses RakTiath
l.ut in deliberate and so-
Nai'oth 5 Nem-u'el 13,
Pa'rlan A'ram tha
Rab'bah Rak'kon
leain speaking or reading,
Na-ne'a9 17
I'a'don Par'u-ah
Rab'bath Ram
we ought to make the two
Na'o-mi 3 Nem-u'el-
Pa'gi-el 7,13 Par-va'im 5,
Rabliat Ra'ma, or
last vowels to be heard se-
Na'pish ites 8
Pa'hath Mo'- 16
ab Pa'sach 6
Rab'i-i 3 Ra'mah
Hab'bith Ra'math
parately and distinctly.
The same may be observ-
Naph'tha-liSNe'plifs
Pa'i 3, 5 Pas'dam-min
Rab-bo'ni 3 Ra-math-a'im
ed of .Michael, which Mil-
Naph'thar Ne'ph;s
Pa'lal Pa-se'ah9
Rab'mag 16
ton, in his Paradise Lost,
Naph'tu-himNe'phish
Pal'es-tine Pash'ur
liab'sa-ccs Ram'a-
11 Ne-phish'e-
Pal'lu Pass'o-ver
Rab'sa-ris them
three syllables, an;l eigh-
NasTjas sirn
Pallu-ites 8 Pat'a-ra
Hab'sha-kth Ra'math-ite
teen times as a word of
Na'shon Neph'tha-li 3
Pal'ti 3 Pa-te'o-li
U 8
two only.
Na'sith Nep'tho-ah
Pal'f-el 13 Pa'the-us 13
Ra'ca, or Ra'math
t Sabacthani. — Sorre,
Na'sor Neph'tu-im
Na'than Nc-phu'sim
Pal'tite S Path'ros
Pan'nag Path-ru'sim
Ra'cha Le'hi
Ra'cab 6 Ra'math
says the editor of Labbe,
place the accent on the
Na-than'a-el 13
13 Ner
Par'a-dise Pat'ro-bas
Pa'rah Pa'u
R:<'cal Mis'peh
Ra'chaJ) 6 Ra-ma'ses
antepenultimate syllable
of this word, and others
Nath-a-ni'as Ne're-us
Pa'ran - Paul
Ra'chel 6 Ra-mi'ah
on the penultimate : thii
15 Ner'gal
Par'bar Ped'a-hel 13
Rad'cla-i 5 1 ">
Na'than Me'-Ner'^al Sha-
Par-mash'ta Ped'ah-zur
Ha'gau Ra'moth
says, is most agreeable to
lech 6 re'zer
Par'me-nas Ped'ai-ah 5
Ra'ges Rii'moth
thw Hebrew word, the pe-
Na've Ne'ri 3
Par'nath Pe'kah 9
Rag'u-a Gil'e-a-d
nultimiite of which is not
Na'uin Ne-ri'ah 1*
Par' Pet a-hi'ah
Ua-gu'el 13 Ra'pha
only long, but accented
SAT
SAT
SHE
•s9
^•i.a-rs-Irr'- c^th-ra-bou-
Sav'a-ran Sha-a-ra'im
£ heTiat Shtm'e-i 3
!*e-
nts zn'nes
= 15 "Ifi
She'ber Shim'e-on
s.-.ul Shar's-im
Shebtia ShimTil 3
Sce'va slin-.ish'p.is
S/ca
V'beb'u-el 13 Shi'mi 3
Shec-a-aii'ah Shim'itcs'*
i tab 9
1 , ' fur
S'.he'chw:.
.:rm6 -Sl-.iin'ma 9
Sab-be°iis — s"
•Shsch'i-a
She'diem- Sl-,i'mon
Satxle'us Saiv.p'*2-nies
ins Euff'ishr ovanti^y front
Scribfes -Shau'ds-t 5
itt-s Shim'rath
Sab'di -< Sa:n son
. those
Scyth'i-r-ns Sha'rtrach
Shech'i-Tiah Shim'ri 3
Sa-be'ans >am'u-el i-\
Sa'biJ
J-ab'tah 9 San-a-bas'sa-
w)ir> have not an oppor-
tunity oT inspecting that
wo~k, rt TTIAV, pfirhaps, be
Syt/i'i-tin.i Sha'ge?
i-cv-tliop-o- sha-haz'i-
lit math 13
Shek'e-nnh S-him'rith
.^hed'e-ur .Shim'ron
She-ha-Tiiih Shira'ron-ite
Sab'te-chn 6 rus
sufficient to observe that
Scyrh-o-pol'- Shal'le-cheth
15 s
Sa'car San'a^sib
Sad-a-mi'as San-bal'iat
no analogy ismore-univer-
sal than that which, in a
i-tans Sha'lem
Se'ba Sha'iim
She'kel Shim'ron
She'lah Me-rou
15 San'he-drim
Latin word of two sylla-
Se'hat ShaTi-sha
Shetan-ites^Shim'shai 5
Sa'd*s Saii-san'nah
bles, with but one conso-
Sec'a-cah Shal'lum
Shel-e-mi'ah Shi'nab
Sad-de'us Saph
nant in the- middle, and
Sech-e-nifes Shal'ma-i 3
15 Shi'nar
Sad'duc Saphat
Sad'du-rees Saph-a-ti'as
the accent on the first syl-
lable, leads us to pro-
15 • Shal'man
Se'chu Shal-maz-ne'-
Sheleph Shi'phi 3
Shelesh Shiph'mite
Sa'doe 15
Sa-h.vdu'thaSaph'ir
nounce' that syllable long.
This is, likewise, the "ge-
t-'ed-e-ci'asis zer
Sed-e-si'ns 7 Sha'ma
Shel'o-mi 3 Shiph'ra 9
Shel'o-mith Shiph'oth
Je'-ar Sa'pheth 5
Sa'la Sar-phi'ra 9
Salah 9 tap'phire
nuine pronunciation of
English words of the same
form ; and where it has
Se'gnb Sliam-a-ti'ah
Se'ir 15
Se'i-rath Pha*med
Shel'o-moth i-hiu'tan
She-lu'mi-el Sl.i'sha 9
13 Shi'shak
Sal-a-sad'a-ii-'ar-a-bi'as 15
been counteracted, we find
Se'la Sha'mer
Shem Shit'ra-i S
Sa-la'thi-e! 15Sa'ra, orSa'-
Sal'cnh 9 rai 5
Sal'chah Sar-a-i'ah 5
a miserable attempt to fol-
low the Latin quantity in
the English word, which
SeTa Ham- Sham'gar
mah-le'kothSham'huth
Se'lah 9 Sha'mir
She'ma Shit'tahO
Shem'a-ah 9 Shit'tim
shem-a-i'ah 5 Wood
Sa'lem -Sa-rai'as5, 13
we entirely npclect in the
Se'led Sham'ma 9
Shem-a-ri'ah Shi'za 9
Sa'lim Sa-ram'a-el
Latin itself, (see Introduc-
Sel-e-mi'os tSSham'mah 9
15 Sho'a 9
Sal'la-l 5 Sar'a-mel
tion*) Coto *and Pldto are
Sem Sham'ma-i 5
Shem'e-ber Shrfah 9
Sal'lu Seraph
instances Wifaere we nv ke
Sem-a-chi'ah Sham'moth
She'mer Sho'ab
Sal'lum Sar-ched'o-
Sal-!u'mus 13 nus 5
the vowel a long in Eng-
lish, where it is short in
15 Sham-mu'a 9
Sem-a-i'ah iSSham-mu'ah
^he-mi'da 13 Sho'bach 6
Shem'i-nith Sho'ba-i 9
Sal'ma, or -'•ar'de-ns
Latin ; and calico and co-
Sem-a-i'as 5 9
She-mir'a- ShoTial
Sal'mah ' Sar'dis
ffitOf where we make a and
Sem'«-i 3 Sham-she-
moth Sho'bek
Sal'mon Sar'dires 8
o in the first syllable short
Se-melle-us ra'i 5
Shfi-mu'el 13, ShoTBi 5^
Sal-mo'ne '3 SarVii-us
Sa'lom Sa.-Mine
in English, wne? it is long
in Lfttin. Thus if a word
Se'mis Sha'pham
Sen'a-^ah Sha'phan
" Sho'cho 6
Shen Sho'cboh 9
Sa-lo'me 13 SarMo-uyx
of two syllables, with one
Se'n' h 9 Sha'phat
She-na'zar Sho'ham
Salu Sa're-a
consonant in Uie middle
Se'nir Sha'pher
She'nir Sho'mer
Salum Sa-rep'ta
and the accent on the
Sen-na-che'- Shar'a-jS
She'pham Sho'phach *
Sam'a-el is Sar'gon
Sa-mai'as 5 Sa'riil
first, which according to
our own vernacular -analo-
rib 13 Shar'ma-im
Sen'u-ah 16
Sheph-a-ti'- Sho'phan
ah 15 Sho-shan'-
Sa-ma'ri-a, Sa'ron
gy, we should pronounceas
Se-e'rim Sha'rar
She'phi 3 nim
or Sain-a- Sa-ro'thi 3
w'e do Goto and Plato, with
Se'phar Sha-re'*er
She'pho Sho-shan'-
ri'a Sar-se'chim 6
the fic>-t vowel long : if this
SepVa-iad Sharon
She-phu'- nim K'duth
Sa-marl-tansSa'ruch 6
Sam'a-tus ^Sa'tan
word, I say, happens tobe
derived fram a \¥ord of
Seph-ar-va'- Sha'ron-ite 8
im 16 Sha-ruTien
phanll Shu'a9
Sbe'rah • Shu'ah 9
three syllables in Latin,
Se'phar-vitesShash'a-i 5
Sher-e-bi'ah Shu'a!
with the first short, this is
Se-phe'la Sha'>hak
15 ',1'cl 13
and as this word is He-
brew, it is certainly the
preferable pronunciation
* Sntxuith —This word
looked upon as a good rea-
son for shortening the first
syllable of the English
word, as in maifit, .plncitt,
Se'rah Sha'veh 9
Se-ra-i'»h 5 Sha'veth
Ser'anphim Sha'ul
Se'red Sha'ul-ites 8
She'.enh Shu'ham
She-re'zpr Shu'ham-kes
She-shach 8 .
Ste'sbai 5 ShuTiites
should not be confounded
tepid, &c. though -we vio-
>j-e'ron Sha-u'*ha
She'shan Sbu'lam-ite
in its pronunciation with
late this rule in the pro-
S'e'rug She'al
Shesh-iiaa'- Shu'math-
Sabbath, a word of so dif-
nunciation of the Latin
Se'sis She-al'ti-ell3
zar
ferent afeigniucation. Sa-
words catigo, tftfitfi, *Scc.
Ses'thel She-a-ri'»h 15
Sheth ; Shu'nara-ite
baoth ought to be heard in
which, acowdiog to this
Seth - She-ar-ja'-
She'thar Sr.u'nwn
three syllables, by keeping
analogy, ought to becale-
Se'thar shub
She'thar Shu'ni 3
the a .and o separate and
i-ffo, coge-i-to, &c. with the
Se'tber SheT>a» or
Boz'na-i Shu'nites S
distinct. This, it must be
first syllable long.
Sha-al-abTjin SheTiah
She'va Shu'pham
confessed, is not very easy
This pedantry, which
Sha-al'bim SheTjam
Shib'bo-leth Shu'pham-
to do, but is absolutely
oil' ht to have a harsher
Sha-al'bo- fcheb-a-ui'ah
Shib'mah 9 ite
necessary to prevent a very
title, has considerably hurt
nite s 15
Shi'-ctnxm Shup'pim
gross confusion of ideas.
the sound of our language,
Sha'aph Sheb!a-rim
Shig-gai.'on 8 Sh.ur
an'l a perversion of the
by introducing into it too
^hi'on Shu'shan
sense.
many short vowels, and
Shi 'nor Sbu'shan E'-
t Satan.— There is some
dispute among the learned
about the quantity of the
second syllable of this word
consequently r.nderinij it
less flowing and sonorous.
The tendency of the pen-
ultimate accent to open
the word in question has
its first vowel pronounced
short for such miserable
reasons as have been shown,
Shi'hor Lib'- duth
nath Shu'tiie-lah9
Shi-i'im 3, 4 Shu'thal-ites
She-i'im 8
when Latin or Greek, as
may be seen in Labbe, but
and lengthen ths first vow-
el in dissyllables, with but
:;nd this short pronuncia-
tion does not seem to be
ShilTiim Si'a-k.% J, 9
none about the first. This
one coasouam in the mid-
genecal, as may be seen
Shil'lem Silm
is acknowledged to be
dle, in some measure coun-
under the word in the
Shil'lem-ites sib'ba-chai 5
»hort ; and this has induced
fhose critics who have
treat knowledge of Latin,
and very little of their own
language, to pronounce the
first syllable short in Eng-
lish, as if written Sattan.
If these gentlemen have
not perused the Principles
of i renunciation, prefixed
to the Critical Pronounc-
ing Dictionarv, I would
teracts the shortening ten-
dency of two consonants,
and the almost invariable
shortening tendency of the
antepenultimate accent ;
but this -analojv, which
seems to be the' genuine
operation of nature is vio-
lated by these ignorant
critics, from the pitiful
ambition of appr-ring to
understand Latin. As the
Critical Pronouncing Dic-
tionary, we ought ctrtain-
ly to incline to that pro-
minciation .which is so
agreeable to the analogy of
our «wn language, and
which is, at the same time,
so much more pleasing to
the ear. (See Principles
prefixed to the Critical
Pronouncing Dictionarv,
Xo. .r<4.'i, 544, &c. and tfie
8 Sib'bo-leth
fehi'lohor Sib'mah 'J
Shi'lo 9 Sib'ra-rm 16
Shi-lo'ah9 Si'chem5,
Shi-Jo'ni 3 Sid'dim
Shi-lo'nites 8 Si'de
Shil'shah 9 Si'don
Shim'e-a Si-sri'o-Both
Shim'e-ah Si'haa
Shim'e-am Si'hon
Shim'e-ath Silior
Shim-e'ath-' Si'las
take the liberts ot -..-I': rrisig
first syllable, therefore, of
words Drama and Satirt.
ites Sil'la 9
SIN THU 53 XAC ZUZ
*Sil'o-a Sim'e-on-ites
Sil'o-as 8
Sil'o-ah, or Si'mon
Shvites * Steph'a-na
Si'oA Ste'pheu
Siph'moth Su'ah 9
Thy-a-ti'ra 9 To-bi'ah 15
Tib'bath To-bi'as 15
Ti-te'n-as Tu'bie (Eng.)
Zac'cur Zer-a-i'a *
Zach-a ri'ahZe'rau
15 Ze'red
Sil'o-am Sim'ri 3
Sip'pai 5 Su'ba
Tib'ni 5 To'bi-el 4, 13
Za'cher 6 Zei^e-ela
Sil'o-e9 Sin
Si-mal-cu'e fSi'nai 5
Sim'e-on Si'nim
Si'rach 5, 6 Su'te-i 5
Si'rah'J Suc'coth
Sir'i-on Suc'coth Be'-
Ti'dal To-bi'jah 15
Ti^Iath Pi- To'bit
le'ser To'chen 6
Za'ker Zer'e-dah
Zac-che'us l2Ze-red'a-
Zak-Ue'us thah
Sis-am'a-i 5 noth
Tik'vali 9 To-uar-mah
* Siloa. — This word, ac-
SU'e-raS Su-ca'ath-ites
Tik'vath To'hu
Za'dok Zer'e-rath
Za'ham Ze'resh
cording to the present gen-
eral rule of pronouncing
these words, ought to have
Si-sin'nes 8
Sit'nah Sud
Si'van Su'di-as
Ti'lon To'i 3
Ti-me'lus 13 To'la 9
Tim'na 9 Tolad
Za'ir Ze'reth
Za'laph Ze'ri 3
Zal'mon Ze'ror
the accent on the second
syllable, as it is Graecised
by jtMa'a ; but Milton,
>'o J&uk'k-i-iins •*
So'chocke, »Sur
So'ko Su'sa
Tim'nath 9 To'la-ites 8
Tim'na-th:ih Tol'ba-nes
Tim'nath Tol'maiJ
Zal-mo'nah 9Ze-ru'ah 13
Zal-mun'nahZe-rub'ba-
Zam'bis bel
who understood its deriva-
So'coh Su'san-chites
He'res To'phel
Zara'bri 8 Zer-u-i'nh 15
tion as well-as the present
- race of critics, has given it
the ,'iiitepenullimate ac-
cent, as more agreeable to
.the g. nerat analogy of ac-
. :l'dS Of
.the same form :
Or if Sion hill
So'ko G
So'di 3 fu-san'nah '•>
-Sod'om Su'si 3
Sod'om-ites Syc'a-mine
Sod'o-ma Sy-ce.ue
Sol'o-mon Sy'char 1, 6
Sop'a-ter ^-y-e'lusl2
Soph'oreth Sy-e'ne
Sorek Syn'a-gogue
fco-sup'a-ter Syn'a-gog
Tim'nath To'phet
Se'rah To'u
Tim'niteS Trach-o-ni'-
Ti-n-.o'the'iis lis 12
Ti>n'n-1l:y, Trip'o-lis
(Bng.) Tro^as
Tip'sBh 9 Tro-gyl'li-
Ti'cas urn
Ti'rath-ites sTi<jjih5-mus
Tirtia-kali '•> rry-pi:e'i>ai'^
Za'moth Zer-vi';ih 15
Zam-zum.'- Ze'tham
mims Ze'than
Za-no'ah 9 Ze'thar
Zaph-nath- Zi'a 9
!>a-a-iie'.ih Zi'ba 9
Za'i)hon Zin'e-on
Za'jra Zib'i-on
Zar'a-ces Zich'riS
Za'rah Zik'ri
DrJightthee more, or SH-
hrnok, that. llo'.v'd
F.-»si '•>/ i ire ocacleof God — .
.-tus ISSyr'i-a'M.i'a-
Tir'ha-nali Trv-iAo'ua 1*
Tir'i-a 9 Tu'Tial
Zar-a-i'as 15 Zid'rtim
Za're-ah Ziel-ki'jah 1A
It" c.iticism ought not to
overturn « settled usages,
So'ta-i5 .cah
fcta'chys 6 Syr'i-on
Tirslia-tlia Tu%al CaSn
Tirszah 9 Tvi-bi'e-ni 3
Xa're-.ith'itesZi'dun, or
8 Si'don
surely when that usage is
••'jed by such a peet
as Mi 'ton, it ought not to
Stu-kien Sy-co-phe-
Mac'te "n c'i a
ttiph'n r..is
Tish'bite Ty*cr'ri-as
Ti'van • Tych'i-cus
Ti'za Tyre, one
Za'red Zi-do'ni-aii»
Z;,r'e-phath Zif
Zar'tctan Zi'liai.9
,ed upon asalicence.
T
Ti'ziteS tyilable.
Za'retlaiJha'-Zikaas
i :-uthoriiy. With
To'ah Tv-i.-n'nus
bar Zil'lah 9
respect to the quantity of
'TA'A-MAHU 5Te-hin'cah
To'a-uah Ty'rus
XL •
Zar'hites 8 Zil'pah 9
the 4irst .syllable, analogy
Ta'a-nach Te'kel
ob
Zar'ta-nah Zil'thai 5
i equirvs that, if the accent
Shi'lo Te-ko'a, or
U
Zar'than Zim'mah
beoa it, it should be short.
Tab'ba-oth Te-ko'ah
Zath'o-e Zirn'rain,. or
—(.See Rules prefixed to
the Greek and Latin Pro-
per N iimes, rule lit.)
Tab'bath. Te-ko'ites 8
Ta'be-al Tel'a-bib
Ta'be-ell3 Te'lah 9
VA-J: z'.\- U-ri'as 15
THA 9 U'ri-el •', 13
Va-ni'ah9 U-rKjah 9, i5
7;i-thu'i 3, 11 Zim'ran
Zafh'thu Zim'ri 3
Zsftu Zin
+ Sinai. — If we pro-
Ta-bcl'li-us Tel'a-im 10
Vasli'ni 3 U'rim
Za'van Zi'nai, 9
Jounce this word after the
•Tab'e-ra Te-las'sar
Vash'ti 3 U ta 9
Za'za Zi'on, or Si -
Hebrew, it is three sylla-
'1'ab'i-tha Te'lem
U'cal U'Lha-i ^
Zeb-a-di'ah on 1
,eles; if after the Greek,
Ta'bor Tel-ha-re'sha
U'el U'thi 3
» Zr-or
2iv«. two only : though it
•niuul be confessed that the
Tal/ri-mon Tel-har'sa 9
Tach'mo- Tel-nie'ia 9
U'ia-i 5 U'zal
U'lam U-za'i 5
Ze1)at> 9 Ziph
Ze-ba'im J3,Zi'phah 1
liberty allowed to poets of
increasing the eadof a line
with one, and sometimes
nite Tel-melah 9
Tad'mor Te'ma 9
Ta'han Te'man
U/la9 Uz'za '•>
Um'malv 9 Uzlx-.-ih 9
Un'ni 3 Uz^zen-bbe'-
ifi Ziph'i-on 2
Zeb'p-dee ZiphltesS
Ze-bi'na Zi'phron 1
two syllables, renders their
authority, in this case, a
little equivocal. .Labbe
adopts the former pronun-
ciation, but general usage
seems to preter the latter ;
and if we almost univer-
TaTian-ites STeuj'a-ni 3
Ta-haph'a- Te'rnan-itesi
nes Tem'e-ni 3-
Ta-hap'e-nes Te'pho
TaTiath Te'rah 9
Tah'pe-nes 9Ter'a-phim
Tah're-a 9 Te'rcsh
Vopb'si 3 cah
U'i>haz U/i'zi 3
U-phar'-sin Uz-zi'ah -is
Ur'b.i-ne Uz-zi'el is, 15
LXri 3 Uz-zi'til-ites 8
U-ri'aU 9
X
Ze-bo'im 13 Zij)'por
Ze-bu'da 13 Zip-i:o'rah
Ze'bul 13, 16
Zeb'u-ton Zith'riS
Zeb'u-lcu- Ziz
itesS Zi'za l, 9
Zech-a-ri'ah Zi'zah 1, 9
i'ollow the Greek in
Tah'tim Ter'ti-us
XA'GVS Xer-o-pha'- '
1 15 Zi'nal, Q
other cases, why not in
Hod'shi Tnf/s/,eius
Xan'thi-CBiis gi-a
Ze'dad Zo'an
thi-. ? .Milton adopts the
Tal'i-tha Ter-tul'lus
Xe'nc-as Xe-roi'y-Ue
Zeel-e-ki'ahl5Zo'ar
Greek:
C'u'mi T.-'ta
Xys'tus
Zeeb Zo'ba, or
heavenly muse ! that
'Tal'maii Te'tiarchG
Tai'mon Thad^de'us 12
Z
Ze'lah 9 Zo'bah
Ze'lek Zo-be'bah 9,
'_i secret tops
Of Orc-b or of Sinai didst
Tal'sas Tha'hash
Ta'mah Tha'mali 9
ZA-A-KA'I.M - Zab'bai 5
Ze-lo'phe-ad 13
Ze-lo'tesl3 Zo'har
inspire
Ta'mar Tham'na-tha
ic Zab'-ud
Zel'anh Zo'he-leth
•That shepherd
Tam'muz Tha'ra 9
Za'aiman Zab'ete-us 12
. Zem-a-ra'im Zon'a-ras
Cud, from the. mount of
Ta'nach 6 Thai/ra 9
Za-a-uiai'- Zab'xli s
1(J Zo'peth
•u, whose grey top
: tremble, he descend-
Tan'huTmethThar'shish
Ta'nis Thas'si 3
nim Zab'di-el H
Za'a-van Za-bi'na 9
Zem'a-riteS Zo1)hah
Ze-mi'ra Zo'phai -5
ing, will himself,
Ta'phaih The'bez
Za-'bad Za'bud
Ze'nau Zo'phar
In tliuixier, lightning, and
Taph'e-ioes The-co'e
Zab-a-dae'ans*Zab'u-lon
Ze'nas Zo'phim
loud trumpets' sound,
Tapli'iies The-las'ser
Zab-a-dai'asSZac/ca-i !>
Ze-ar'im 13 Zo'rah
Ordain them laws.
: Ta phon The-ler^sas
Zeph-a-ni'ahZo-rath ite« 3
Pur. Lo*r,b. xii. v. 227-
Tap'pu-ah 13The-oc'«-nus
15 Zo're-ah 9
We ought not, indeed, to
lay too much stress on the
i/iiantity of Milton, which
is often so different in the
Tirrah 9 The-od'o-tus
Tar'a-l;ih9,13The-oiih'i-
Ta'ie-a 9 Jus
Tar'pcl-Hes ST-he'tas
* Zabulon — " Xot-with-
standing," says the editor
of Labbe, " this word in
Greek, ZK^UV, has the
Ze'phath Zo'rites 9
Zeph'a-thah »Zo-rob'a-
Ze phi, or bel
Zt/pho Zu'ar
tame word ; but these are
lar'shis Ther'me-leth
penultimate long, yet in
Ze'phon Zuph
the only two passages in
Tarsliish Tnts-ta-io-
our churches we always
Zeph'on-ites Zur
his Paradise Lost where
Tar-shi'si 3 ni'ca
hear it . pronounced wrth
s Zu'ri-el 13^
this \v orcl is used; and as
Tar'sus Theu'das
the acute on the antepe-
Xer y.u-ri-sh^d'-
he has made the same let-
Tar'tak Thim'ua-
nultimate. Tlicse who
/e'rah 3 da-i 5
ters a diphthong in Mma-
Tar'tan thath
thus pronnnmce it plead
Zer-a-hi'ah Zu'zims
dai, it is highly probable
Tar/na-i 5 This'be
that in Hebrew the? penul-
H
he judged that Sinai ought
Te'inh 9 Thom'as
timate vowel is *hoTt, but
to be pronounced in two
Ttb-a-li'ah MTrn'-as
in the word 2nrvlxi!ifl, '•'->•
is ln:i£, ;hey pronounce i»
syllables. — (See Rules pre-
Te'beth Tho-.u'o-i 3
t'.$Kpih, they follow a dif-
with the antepenultimate
iixcd to the Vocabulary,
Te-haph'ne- Thra-se'as
ferent rule ; fn; though
accent."
NO- a.)
lies Thum'mim
thepenultmiilein He-brew
» Zoroliabel.—See Zabukn
TERMINATIONAL VOCABCLAHr
TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARY
OF
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
EBA»— Accent tfie Antepenulti-
m'.'f. Bathdteta, Elisiieba, Beer-
sheb.-i.
ADA IDA— Accent t!.a Penulti-
mate. Shcir.ida.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Elia-
da, Jehnida, Beth&iiida, Adida.
EA EGA ECHA UPHA— Accent
the Penultimate. Laodicea, Chal-
dea, Juilea, Anmathea, Idumea,
Ca-sarea, Berea, Iturea, Osea, Ho-
sea, Omega, Hasupha.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Cen-
ehrea, Sab'.echa.
ASHA ISHA CSIIA— Accent the
Penultimate Elisha, Jerusha.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Bi-
asha Shalisha.
ATHA IT HA UTHA— Accent
the Penultimate. Jegar-Sahadutha,
Dalmauutha.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ga-
batrta, Gabbatha, Amadatha, Ham-
mcdatha, Parshandatha, Eph).ha-
tha, Tirshatha, Admatha, Caphe-
natha, Poratha, Achrnetha, Tabi-
tha, Golgotha.
I A (Pronounced in two syllables )
— Accent the Penultimate. Seleu-
cia.t Japliia, Adalia. Bethulia, Ne-
chnnia, Chenania, Jaazania, Jam;
nia, .Samaria, Hezia-
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ach'i-
ia. Arabia, Thracia. .Sarnothiaria,
Crecia, Cilicia, C- .ppadccia, Seleu-
cia. Media, 1ml a, Pindia, Ciaudia,
Phrygia, Antiochia, Casiphia, Phil-
adelphia, Apphia, Igdalia, Julia,
Pamphylia, Mesopotamia, Armenia,
Lycaoma, Macedonia, Apollonia,
Junia, Elhiop'a, ^air.aria, Adria,
Alexandria, C'elosyria, Syria, Assy-
ria, Asia, Pcrsii, Mys:», Gaiatia
Dalmati.i, Philist:a.
1KA — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Elika.
ALA ELA II.A AMA EM A IMA.
— Accent Mm Penultimate. Ambela,
Arbela, Macp!i:!a.
Accent the Antepeii ultimate. Mag
dala, Aquila. Aceldama, Apherema,
Ashima, Jemima.
ANA EXA I.N'A ONA— Accent
the Pcnnltimtte. Diana, Tryplio-
na, Jlyena, Palrstina, Barjona.
Accent the Antefen ultimate. Ab-
ana, Hashbadana, Amana, Ecba-
tana.
OA — Accent the Antepenultimate.
Gilbii.i, Tekoa, Si'.oa, Kshtemiia.
ARA EllA IRA I! HA— An-ent
the Penultimate. Guzara, Ahira,
Sapphira, Thyatira, Belhsura.
Accent the Antepenultimate. B'i-
• For the pronunciation of the
final a in this selection, ^ee Rule thi
9th.
t For this word and Samaria, An
tioctiia, and Alexandria, see Initia,
Vocabulary of Greek an J Latin Pro-
per Names. Also Rule.'*>;li prefix
ed to the Initial Vocabulary.
ara, Bethabara, Patara, Potiphera,
Si sera.
ASA OSA— Accent thi Penulti-
mate. Cleasa. Tryphosa.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ad-
asa, Amasn.
ATA ETA ITA— Accent the An-
tepenultimate. Ephphata, Achrne-
ta, Melita, llatita.
AVA UA AZA— Accent the Pen-
ultimate. Ahava, Malchishua, Eli-
shua, >hamua, Jahaza.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Je-
shua, Abishua, Joshua.
AB IB OB UB— Accent the Pen-
ultimate. Eliab, Sennacherib, Ish-
bi-Benob, Ahitob, Ahitub.
Accent the Antepenultimate. A-
binadab, Aminadab, .lehonadab,
Jnnad".b, (;hileab, Aholiab, Magor-
Missabih, Aminadih, E'.iashib, Baal-
zebub, Bcelz bub.
AC UC— Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Isaac, .Syriac, Ab^cuc, i.ab-
bacuc.
AD ED ID OD UD— Accent the
Penultimate Almodad, Arphaxad,
Elihud, Ahihud, Ahiud, Ahiiud.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ga-
laad, Josa bad, Btnhadad.Gilead.Ze-
lophead, Zelophehad, Jochebed.Ga-
leed, Icbabod, Ammihud, Abiud.
CE DEE LEE MEE AGE
VCHE OHE ILE AME OME
ANE ENE OEOSSE VE— Accent
the Penultimate. Pheuice, Berr.ice,
Eunice, Eleiotie, Salome, Magd -
lene, Abilene, Mity'.cne, ("yrene, Sy-
ene, Colosse, Nazarene (pronouncetl
in three syllables, with the accent on
the l.nst.)
Accent the Antepenultimate. Zeb-
edee, Galilee, Ptolemee, Bethj-hage,
Syntyche, Subile, Apame, Geth-
sem-he, Siloe, \lnive.
ITE» (in one syllable)— Accent
the .Penultimate. "Thisbite, Shu-
hite, Abiezrite, Gittite, Hittite, Hi-
vite, Buzite.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Har-
odite, Asa^ite, Areopagite, Ger«a-
shite, Mnrp.shite, Hariiphite, Eph-
ralhite, Bethelite, Carmelite, Ha-
muhte, Bcniamite, Nehelamite,
Shulamite, ShirnamJte, Edomite,
Temanite, Gilonite, Shilonite, Ho-
ronite, Amorite, Jebusite.
Accent th,j Pteantepenultimate.
Naamathite, Jez-telite, Bethlehem-
ite, Ephraimite, Canianite (gener-
* Words of this termination hare
the accent of the words from which
they are formed, and on this account
are sometimes accented even on the
preantepenultimate syllable ; as
Bethleltemite from Bethlehem, and
so of others. Word • of this termin-
ation therefore, of two syllables,
have the accent on the penultimate
syllable ; and words of three or more
on the same syllable as their primi-
tivci — See Rule the 8th.
ally pronourced in three syllables,
as if written Can-an-ite.
AG OG— Accent the Antepenulti-
mate. Abishag, Hamorgog.
BAH CAM DAH EAH CHAH
SHAH T1IAH— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Zobaxibah, Makkedah, Ab-
idah, Elisliah.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Din-
habah, Aholiba. Meribah, Abelbeth-
maacah, Abndah, Voiadah, Zere-
dah, Jedidah, Gibeah, Shimeah,
Zaphnath-Paaneah, Mtachah, Ber-
achah, BAa«hah, Eliathah.
AIAH E1AH— (Ai and el pro-
nounced as a diphthong in one syl-
lable.)
Accent the Penultimate. • Mica-
iah, Michaiah, Benaial>, Isaiah, Iph-
edeiah, Manseiah.
(Ai pronounced in two syllables )
Acceitt the Penultimate. Adaiah,
Pediia'1, Sen aiah, Seraiah, Asaiah.
IAH — Accent the Penultimate.
Abiah, Rheabiah, Zibiah, Tobiah,
Maailiah. Zeliadiah, Obadiah, No-
atiiah, Jedidiah, Ahiah, Pekahiah,
Jezrahiah, Barachiah, Japhiah, Bi-
thiah, Heiekiah, Helkiah, Zedeki-
ah, Adaliah, Gedaliah, Jgdaliah,
Athaliah, Hacha'.iah, Remaliah,
Nehemiah, ShelerrHah, Mcsh?Iemi-
ah, Jeremiah, Shebaniah, Zophani-
ah, Nethaniah, Cheiiania:', Hanan-
i.'h, Coniah, Jeconiah, Sheariah,
Zachariah, Zechariah, 'Amariah,
Shemarial', Azariah, Neariah, Vor-
iah. L'fia!), Josiah, Messiah, s-heph-
atiah, Pe:=Uiah, Ahaziah, Amaziah,
Asaziah, Uzzi: h.
JAM — Accent the Penultimate.
Aijah, Abijah, Jcliidijah, Ahijah,
Elijah, Adonijah, I.ijah, Tobado-
nijah, L'njah, Haileluj h, Zerujah.
KAII LAH UAH NAH OAH
RAM SAII TAU VAH UAH— Ac-
•:e.-t t'.e I'enuitimate. Rebekah,
Azekah, Machprb.h, Ahola, Abel-
meho'ah, Bcuuh, Elkanah, Han-
nah, Kirjath-sannih, Har: onah,
Hashmonah, Zalmonah, bhiloah,
Noah, Manoah, Zanoah, Uzzen-
sherah, Zipporah, Keturah, Hadas-
sah. Malchishuah, Shammuah, JK-
HOVAH, Zeruah.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Mar-
reknh, Baalah, Shutholah, Telme-
lah, Methuselah, Hachilath, Hack-
iiah, Dalilah, De ilah, Havi'ah,
RA.imah, Aholibamah, Adamah,
Elishamah, Ruhamah, Loruhamah,
Ke<lemah, Ashimab, Jemimah, Pen-
ninah, Baarah, Taberah, Deborah,
Epbratah, Paru^h.
ACH ECHOCH— AccentthePen-
ultimate. — Merodach, Evil-mero-
dach.
Accent the Antepenultimate. AhU-
• For the pronunciation of the
twff last syllables of these words, se«
Rule 5th "p'efixed to Scripture Pro
1 er Names.
OP SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
55
»mach, Ebed-melecti, Abimelech,
Ahimelech, Elimetech, Alamme-
lech, Anammelech, Adramelech,
Regemmelech, Nathan-melech, Ar-
locn, Antioch.
KEH LEH VEH APH EPH
ASH ESH ISH— Accent the fen-
ultimate. Elealeh, Elioreph, Jeho-
ash.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Rab-
shakeh, Nineveh, Ebiasaph, Beth-
shoinesh, Enshemesh, Carchemish.
ATM ETH 1TH OTH UTH—
Accent the Penultimate. Goliath,
Jehovah-jireth.Hazar-maveth, Baal-
bcrith, Rehoboth, Arioth, Nebai-
oth,» Naioth, Moseroth, Hazeroth,
Piliahiroth, Mosoroth, Allon-bach-
uth.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ma-
halath, Bathshemath, Asenath, Da-
ber th, Elisabeth, Dabbasheth, Je-
nibbesheth, Ishbosheth, Mephlbo-
s'.ieth. Ha o^heth, Zoheleth, Bech-
tileth, Shibboleth, Tanhumeth, Ge-
resareih, Asbazareth, Nazareth,
MLz^areth, Kirharaseth, Shelomith,
Sheniinith, Lapidoth, Anathoth,
Kerioth, Sjhemiramoth, Kedemoth,
Ahernolh, Jeriraoth, Shigionoth,
Ashlar. -th, Mazzaroth.
AI — (Pronounced as a diphthong
in one syllable )
Accent the Penultimate. Chelu-
bai, Asmadai, Sheshai, Shimshai,
llushai, Zilthai, Berothai, Talmai,
Tolmai. Sinai, Tatnai, Artx>nai,
barai, Sippai, Bezai.
Acceiitthe Antiptrttffttmate. Mor-
dtcai, Sibbachai, rhephar-llammo-
nai, Paarai.
AI-(l>ronounred in two syllables.)
Accent the Penultimate. Ai.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Zab
bai, B.ibai, Ncbai, Shobiii, Subai,
ZaceSi, Shaddai, AmiabaddSi, Ar -
<JUi, lleldai, Hegai, HaggSi, Bekai,
Bilg'ii, Abishai, Uthai, Ad'i.t, Bar-
zillei, Ulai,S;samai, shahuUi. -ham-
mai, Eliaenai, Tatnai, S':etherhoz-
nai, Nahardi, Sharai, Shamsherai,
Shitriii, Arisai, Basuti, Baviii, Big-
viii, Uzai
1)1 El LI MI Nl 01 PI RI UI
ZI— Accent the Penultimnte. Are-
li, Loammi, Talithacuiiii. Gicleoni,
Benoni, Hazelepoiii, t'hilippi, Ge-
hazi.
Accent the Antepenultimate. En-
ge(U, Simci, shiiiit-i, Eiliei, Beth-
birei, Abi^ei, B.iali, Na, htha'.i,
Nephthali, IJateoli, Adami, Naomi,
l!anani, Beerrahairoi, Merari, Haa-
hashtari, .losui.
EK UK.— Accent tht Penultimnte.
Adonizedck, Adonibezf'.;.
Accent the Antcpemiltinmte. Mel-
chezidek, Ama'ek, Habakkuk.
AAL EAL IAL ITAL UTAL—
Accent the Penultimate. Baal, Kir-
jatli-biial, Hamutal.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Me-
Tibhaal, Eshbiial, Ethbftal, Jeru-
baal, Tabeal. Bt-lia!. Abital.
AKI- ABEL EBEL— Accent the
Penultimate. Jael, Abel.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ga-
bael, Michael, Raphael, Mish el,
Mehujael, Abimael, Ishmael, Is-
mael, Anael, ^athanael, Israel, A-
sael, Zerublxibcl, Zorobabel, Meha-
tibel, Jezebel.
EEL OGKL AHEL ACHEL A-
PHEL OPHEL KTHEL— Accent
the Penultimate. Eurogel, Rachel;
Elbethel.
Accent the Antepenultimate- Ta-
becl, Abdeel, Japhalcel, Mahaleel,
* The «i in this and the next word
form one syllable.— See Rule 5.
Beznlcel, Ilanamee!, Jcrahme'el, Ha-
naneel, Nathaneel, Jabncel, Jez'i-el.
Hazed, Asahel, Barachel, Amra-
phel, Achitophel.
1EL KEL— Accent the Fanvlti-
mate. Peniel, Uzziel.
Accent the Antepenultimate. A-
biel, Tobiel, Adiel, Abditl, Gad-
die!, Pagiel, Salathie', Ithiel, Eze-
kiel, Gamaliel, Shelumiel, Daniel,
Othniel, Ariel, Gabriel, Uriel,
Shealtiel, Putiel, Haziel, Hiddekel.
UEL EZEL— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Deuel, Hague), Bethuel,
Peth«el, Hamuel, JemueU Kemuel,
Nemuel, Phanuel, Penuel, Jeruel,
Bethezel.
Accent the Antepenultimate. 'Sam-
uel, Lemuel, Emamiel, Immanuel.
AIL (pronounced in two sylla-
bles.)— Accent the Penultimate. A-
bihail.
AIL (pronounced as a diphthong
in one syllable) —Accent the Ante-
penultimate- Abigail.
OL UL — Accent die Penultimate.
brthgamul.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Esh-
taol.
ODAM AHAM IAM IJAM
IKAM— Accent the Penultimate.
Elmcdam, Abijam, Ahikam.
Ascent the Antepenultimate. A-
brahani, Miriam, Ado:-.ikam.
OAM— .Iccp. t the Penultimate.
Rehobo.Tin, I{ob am, Jeroboam.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Si-
loam, Abinoam, A Inn am.
AHAM MAM ORAM— Accent
the Penultimate. Padanuram, Abi-
ram, Hiram, Adoniram, Adoram,
Hadornm, Jnlioram.
AHEM EMEM ALEM PREM
— Accent the Antepenultimate. Me-
nahem, Bethle..ein, Jerusalem,
Beth-haccerem.
AlMf — Accent the Penultimate.
Chusiii-UishaUiaim, Kiijathaim,
Bethdiblathaiin, Ramathaim, Adi-
tliiiim, Misrephothmaim, Abel-
maim, Mahanaim, Horonaim,
Shaaraim, Adoraim, Sepharvaim
Accent the Antepenultimate. He-
phaim, Dothiiim, Eglaim. Carnaim,
Sharaim, Ephriiirn, Bethephraim,
Miziiiim, Abel-mizriiim.
I IM CIIIM P11IM KIM LIM
NIM RIM Z1M— Accent the Pe-
nultimate. Sa sech'm, Zeboim,
Kirjathaiim, Bahurim, Kelkathha-
zurim.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Che-
rubim. Lehabim, uephidim, Sera-
phim, Teraphim, Eliakim, .lehoia-
kim, Joakim, Ba dim, Dodanim,
Ethanim, Abarim, Both-hacrenm,
Kiijath-jaarim, Ha.zerim, liaalpera-
zim, Ger.zim, (iazizim.
DOM I.OM AUM IUM NUM
RUM TL'M— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Obededom, Appiiforum,
Miletum.
Accent the Antepenultimate. .\-
bishalom, Absiloin, Capernaum,
Ivhegium, Trogylliuin, Iconium,
Adramyttium, Galbanum.
AAN CAN DAN EAN THAN
I\N MAN NAN— Accent the Pe-
nultimate. Menucan, Chaldean,
Ahiman, Elhanan, Johanan, Ha-
inan.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Ca-
naan, Chanaan, Merodachbaladan,
NebuzaraJan, Elnathan, Jonathan,
* See Rule tlie 17th prefixed to
Scripture I'rnper Nauies.
t In this selection them' form dis-
tinct syilables.— See Rule 10.
Midian, Indian, Phrygian, ItaTian.
Macedonian, Ethiopian, Syrian.
Assyrian, Egyptian. Nii-iman.
AKN VEM CHIN MIX XIX—
Accent the Penultimate. Mauaen,
Bethaven, Chorazin.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Je-
hoiachin, Benjamin.
EON AGON EPHON ASHOX
A10N K)N ALON ELON ULOX
VLOM MON-NON RON \OS
THUN RUN— Accent the Penulti-
mate. Baal-meon, Beth-dagon,
Baal-zephon, Naashon, Higgaion,
Shiggaion, Chilion, Orion, Esdre-
lon, Baal-hamcn, Philemon, Abi-
1011, Beth-horon.
Aca'nt the Anti-penultimate. Gi-
beon, Zibbeon, Gedeon, Gideon,
Simeon, Hrathon, Herpdion, Car-
nion, Sirion, Ascalon, Ajalon, Aske-
lon, Zebulon, Babylon, Jeshimon,
Tabrimon,' Solomon, Lebanon, Aa-
ron, Apollyon, Jeduthun, Jeshu-
run.
EGO IC'IIO IIIO LIO— Accent
the Penultimate. Ahio.
Accent the Antepenultimate. A-
bedn"go, Jericho, Ga'lio.
AR ER III OR UR— Accent the
Penultimate. Ahisar, Baal-tamar,
Balthasar, ElSazar, Eziongeber,
Tiglath-pilezcr, S!ialmanez?r, Hada-
deztT, Asiezer, Ahiezor, Eliezer, Ro-
mantiezer, Eb.'nezer, Joezer, Shn-
rezer, Havoth-jair, Asnoth-tabor,
Beth-peor, Baal-peor, Mcanor, I'hi-
lometor.
Accent the Antepenultimate- Is-
sachar, Potiphar, Abiathar, Itha-
mar, Sliemeber, Lucifer, Cliedor-
laomer, Aroer, Sosipater, Sopater,
Achior, Nelmrhodonozor, Eupator,
bhedeitr, Abishur, Pedahzur.
AAS BAS EAS P1IAS IAS LAS
MAS NAS O .S PAS HAS TAS
YAS — Accent the Penultimate. O-
sCas, Esiiins, Tobias, Sedecias, Aba-
dias, Asadias, Abdias, Barachias,
!• zerh as, Mattathias, Matthias
Ezekias, Neemiis, Jeremias, Ana-
nias, Assanias, Azarias, 1 zerias, Jo-
sias, Ozi .s, ! age-is, Aretas, Odyas.
Accent the Antepenultimate. A-
naas, Barsabas, Patrolias, Eneas,
Phlneas, Caiaphas, C'lenplias, Hero
dias, Euodias, Geor^ias, Amplias.
Lysanias, Gabrias, Tiberias, Lysias,
Nicolas, Artemas, Eiymas, Panne-
nas. Siloas, Antipas, Epapliras.
CES HE.S EES GES 11ES LES
NES SE> 'I KS— Accent the !',:» ul-
timate. Gentiles,* Rameses, Mith-
ridates, Euphrates.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Rab-
saces, Arsaces, Noma'ies, Phinees,
Astyagrs, Diotrcphes, Epiplianes,
Tahaphanes, Hennogenes, Ta-
phanes, Calistheues, Soslhenes, Eu-
mcnes.
ENES AND INES (In one sylla-
ble.)— Accent the Ultimate. Gada-
renes, Agarenes, Ha«arenes.
Accent the Penultimate. Philis-
tines (pronounced Pliilixtin.i.)
ITES (Pronounced in one sylla-
ble.) — [Worts of this termination
have tlie accent of the wonls from
which they are formed, which some-
times occasions the accent to be
placed even on the preantepenul-
t-matc syllable, as Cileaditas irdm
Gilxuil, aiv.l so of others. Words of
* G-wf ;/«.». —This may bo con-
sidered as an English word, and
should be pronounced in two sylla.
blrs, :is if written Jaiitilcx; the laj(
syllable as the plural of tile.
56
this termination, therefore,, of two
syllables, have the accent on the
penultimate syllable ; and words of
three or more on the same syllable
as their primitive's.]
Accent the Penultimate. GaditM,
Kenites, Jammites, Levites. Hit-
titcs, Hivites.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Re-
eliahites, Moabites, Gergcshites, Na»
hatbitcs, Kohathitcs, Pelethites,
Chcrethites, Uzzielites, Tarpelites,
Elamites, Edonntes, Reubenites,
Ammonites. Herrnonites, Ekronites,
Hagarites, Nazaritcs, Amorites, Ge-
shorites, Jebusites, Ninevites, Je-
suitcs, Perizzites.
Accent the. Preante}>e»ulti>nate.
Gileaditcs, Arnalckites, Ishmaelites,
Israelites, MidianiLes, Gibeonites,
Aaroni tea,
OTES— Accent the Penultimate.
Zelotes.
IS — Accent the Penultimate. Eli-
mais.
Accent the Antepenultimate. An-
tioehis. Amathis, Baalis, Decapo-
ds, K&'pr/lis, Ilierupolis, Persepolis,
Amphipolis, Tripolis, Nicopolis,
[:olis, Salamis, Damaiis, Y;;b-
tipatris, Atfirgatis.
— Accent the Penultimate.
. Zummims, Zamwmmims.
.•t<-fi'>it tits Antepenultimate. Re-
, Gammadims, Cherethims,
::s, Nethrnims, Cheraarims.
TEUMINATIONAL VOCABULARY.
ANS — Accent the Penultimate.
Sabeans, Laodiceans, Assideans,
is, IdumCaus, Epicureans.
A'-i-fiit the Antepenultimate. Ara-
bians, Greciaus, Herodians, Antio-
chians, Corinthians, Parthians, Scy-
thians, Athenians, Cyreni/ins, Mace-
donians, Zidonians Babylonians,
Lacedemonians Ethiopians, Cypri-
ans, Syrians, Assyrians, Tynans,
Ephesians, Persians, Galatians, Cre-
tians, Egyptians, Nicolaitans, Scy-
thopolitajis, Samaritans, Libyans.
MOS .N'OS AUS BUS CUS BUS
Accent the Penultimate. Archelaus,
Menelaus, Abubus, Andronicus, Se-
leucus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Per-
gamos, Stephanos, Emmaus, Aga-
bus, Bartacus, Achaicus, Tychicus,
Aradus.
EUS — Accent the Penultimate.
Duddeus, Asmodeus, Aggeus, Zac-
cheus, 1'tolsineus, Maccabeus, Leb-
beus, Cendebeus, Thaddeus, Mar-
docJiens, Mordocheus, Alpheus, Ti-
meus, Bartimeus, Hymeneus, EMz-
eus.
Accent the Antepenultimate. Do-
sithaus, Timotheus, Nereus.
GUS CHUS THUS— Acee>*t- the
Antepenultimate. Areopagus, Phi-
lologus, Lysimachus, Antiochus,
Eutychus, Amadathus.
lUSr — Accent the Penultimatt.
Darius.
Aivent thi A>ttviMH<u!tnnrit'\ Ga»-
us, Athenobim, Cornelius, Nume-
nius, Cyrcnius, Apollonian, Tiberi-
us, Demetrius, Mercurius, Dionysi-
us, Pontiius, Tertius.
LUS JIUS NU.S RUS SUS TUS
— Accent the Pen ultimata. Aristo-
bulus, Eubulus, Nuxy.l.'irnis, F.ia-
nus, Hircanus, Auranus, Sylvanus,
Ahasuerus, Assuerus, Meliodorus,
Areturus, Bar-jesus, I-'ortunatus,
Philetus, Epaphroditus, Azotus.
Accent t/,e Antepenultimate. At-
talus, Theophilus, Alcimus, Tro-
phinius, Onesimus, Dxlymus, Li-
banus, Antilibanus. Sarchcilontis,
Acheacharus, Lazaros, Citherns,
Eleutherus, Jairus, Prochorus, On-
esiphorus, Asapharsus, Ephesus, E-
penetus, Asyncritus.
AT ET OT 1ST OST— Accent
the Antepenultimate. Ararat, Eli-
phaiet, Genneserat, Israriot, Anti-
christ, Pentecost.
EU I1U EMU EW MY— Accent
the Penultimate. Caslou, Chisleu,
AUilni, Andrew.
Accent the Antcpemtffimrtte. Je-
hovali-Tsidkenu, Bartholomew, Jer-
emy.
B'AZ GAZ HAZ PHAZ— Accent
the Penuitinnate.- Mahar-shalal-
hash-baz, Shaash-gaz, Eliphaz.
A'-cKnt tlie ,Antepetm!Umata. Je-
hoahax.
OBSERVATIONS
ON THE
GREEK ANI> LATIN ACCENT, AND QUANTITY;
WITH
SOME PROBABLE CONJECTURES. ON7 THE METHOD OF
FUF.EtNG THEM FROM THBOBSCURITY AND CONFUSION IN WHICH THEY ARE INVOL VEO.
BOTH BY THE ANCIENTS AND MODERNS.
' Nvlliusiatktictn* jurarew verba-magittri." — HOHAC*:.
AD VE RTISEM EXTV
Arrnn the' many leametl pens which have been em-
ployed on the subject of the following Observations, tlio
Author wouU! have beea much asUa-iicd of obtruding
his humble opinion on so delicate a point, h;id. he' not
:><i himself that.he had taken a material circnm-.
st«oce'into the account, which had been entirely over-
looked by almost-every writer he had met with.
It is not a little astonishing, that, .when. the nature
of the human voice forms so great a part of the inquiry
into accent and quantity, its most matking distinctions
should have been solittfeattended'to. From n perusal
«>f every writer on the subject,* one. would be l«d to
* The only exception to this general assertion is Mr.
Steele, the author of Prostidia llntionalit ; but the de-
sign of this gentleman is not so much to illustrate the
BOKOi and quantity of the Greek language, as to -prove
the possibility of forming a .notation of speaking sounds
j'or our own, and of. reducing them to a musical scale,
.-.iicl accompanying them with instruments. The at-
tfiniit is undoubtedly laudable, but no farther useful
tiffin to show the impossibility of it bv the verV method
he has taken to explain it l for it i* iWariper! up.in such
suppose, that high and low, loul and, soft, and quick
and slow, wrve the only modifications of which tho voice1
was susceptible; and that the infiexitms of the voice,
which distinguish speaking from singing, did not exist.
Possessed, therefore, of this distinction of sounds, the
Author at least brings some) hing now into trie-inquiry :
and if, even with this advantage, he should f;;il of
throwing light on the subject, he is rure he shr.ll be
entitled to the indulgence of the learne<l, as they fully
understand the difficulty of the question.
an impenetrable cloud of music as to be unintelligible
to any but musicians : and tlusdistinctionsof sound are
so nice and numerous as to discou age- tha most, perse-
vering student from labouring, to unUersiand.him. Af-
ter all, what light can we expect, will be thrown on tliis
subject by. one who, notwithstanding the intiultesima.
distinctions he makes between si ;>ilar sounds, says,
that the u in ugly,- and the e in met and get, are diph-
thongsi and:the a in may is lung, and the-.sasne letter
in nation short ; and that the u in you, use, &c. is al-
ways acuto-grave, and the i in idle, try, &c. grave
acute ?
PREPARATORY OBSERVATIONS.
As « penisi! of the Observations on Gteek and Latin
Acient and Quantity requires a more intimate acquaiu-
tawe with tlie nature ot" the voice than is generally
brought to the study of that subject, it may not be im-
proper to lay befoiethe .re.vler such an explanation of
sr*akin<; sounds, as -may enable liim to distinguish bo-
tween high and loud, soft and low, forcibltness and
length, nnil fccWeness and shortness, which are so often
confounded, an •' which consequently produce such con-
ul obscurity among. our best prosodists.
But ;uch Sv>um1s upon pap«-T as have no
definite ter.us r. iproprwted to them , like tnuse of music,
is a iiew sin! difficult task, the reader must be requested
as r.ice an attention as possible to those sounds
a»d inflexions of voice, which spontaneously annex
themselves to certain forms of speech, and which, from
their familiarity, are apt to pass unnoticed. But if ex-
perience were out of the question, and we were only
acquainted with the organic formation of human sounds,
we must necessarily distinguish them into five kinds;
namely the monotone, or one sound continuing a per-
ceptible time in one note, which is the case with all
•nusica! sounds; a sound beginning low and sliding
higher, or beginning high ana sliding lower, without
any perceptible intervals, which is es&entia; to all speak-
ing sound's. The two last may be called simple slides
or inflexions ; ami these may be so combined as. to be-
gin with that which rises, anil end with, that which falls,
or to begin- with that which falls, and end with that
which ri.-es; and if this combination of different in flex-
ions be pronounced with one itr.puKe or explosion of
thevoice.it may not improper! y<be called the circum-
flex or com pound inflexion ; and •: his monotone, the two
simple and the two compound inflexions, are the only
modifications, independent on the passions, of which
tiiP human, voice is susceptible.
Tft» different Statet-ofthe I'oice.
The modifications of the- voice which have just been
enumerated may be called absolute; because they can-
not be converted into each other, but must remain de-
dedly what they are; while different states of the
oice, as high and low, loud and soft, quick and slow,
re only comparative terms, since what is high in one
nss may be low in another, and so of the rest. Beside,
therefore, the modifications of voice which have been
described, the only varieties remaining of which the hu-
man voice is capable, except those produced by- the pas-
sions, are high, low, loud, soft, quick, slow, forcible.and
feeble. Though high and loud, and low and soft, are
frequent'y confounded, yet, when considered distinctly,
their difference is easily understood ; as, if we strike a
large bell with a deep tone, though it gives, a very loud
tone, it will still be a low one i and' if we strike a smajl-
btll with a high tone, it will still be a high tone, though
the stroke be ever so soft ; a quick tone in music is that
in which the same tone continues but a short time, and
a slow tone .where it continnee'loBger) but in speaking!
n quick tone is that whon the/slide rises- from low 10
hijii, or from high to low, in a short time, and a slow
tone the reverse; while forcible and feeble seem to be
seyerally compounded of two of the simple states; that
is, force seems to be loudness and quickness, eitlie- in a
high or l»w toneals >; and feebleness, seems to be soft-
r..ssan<l slowness, either in a high or a low tone like-
wise. As to the ton*s,of the passions, wtrch are so mr.ny
r.nd VMI ious, these, in the opinion of one of the best
judges in the kingdom, are qn<ilitiat of sound, occasi«Snc
ed by certain vibrations of the organs of speech, ind. -
pendent on high, low, loud, soft, quick, slow, forcible,
or feeble; which last may not-impropecly be called dif-
ferent quantities of sound.
1; may not, perhaps, be unworthy of observation, 1-fw
few^u'e these principles, v, hi h, by a diilerent comliin-
ritinii with each ether, produce tl>at almost unbounded
vhrietj of which huinAn speech consist*. The different
quantities of sound, as these different states of the voice
may be called, may be comhine4so as to form new va-
rieties with any other that are not opposite to tlvctrii-
Thus liijiii rr.;.y be combined -with: either kind or «r>ft,
q;iiek 01 slow ; that is, a. high note way be ,s •
<:;5ier in a loud or.a sof; tcce, and a lov.: riete i
founded either in a loud or a tail tooe also, and e.i< k of
these tones may be pronounced either in a longer or a
shorter time; that is more slowly or quickly; while
fotcible seems to imply a degree ot"
ness, and feeble, a degree o ' softness and si. .
in a high or a low tone. These combination* mav
haps, be more easily conceived by clasiiu^ them in coi*
trast with each other :
High, loud, quick.
Low, soft, slow.
Forcible may be high, loud, and quick ; or low, loud*
and quick. Feeble may be high, soft, and slow; or
IOJT, soft, and slow.
The different combine ions of these states may be
thus represented :
High, loud, quick, forcib.^. Low, loud, quick, forcible.
High, lo'jd, slow. Low, loud, slow.
High, srft, quick. Low, soft, quick.
High, soft, slow, feeble. Low, soft, slow, feeble.
When these states of tht voice are combined with
the five modifications of voice above mentioned, the
varieties become exceedingly numerms, but far from
being incalculable: perhaps thev may amount (for I
leave it to arithmeticians to reckon them exactly) to
that number into which the ancients distinguished the
notes of music which, if 1 remember ri^lu, were about
two. hundred.
These different states of. ths voice, if justly distin-
guished and associated, may serve to throw some Jiyht
on the nature of accent. 1 f, as Mr. Sheridan asserts, the
accented syllable U only louder <'nd not higher than the
other syllables, every polysyllabie is a perfect monotone.
If the accented syllable bVhiglier than tho rest, which
is the general opinion, both anu>,i;- 1 e .indents and the
moderns,, this is true only when a wort! is pronounced
alone, and without reference, to any niher word; for
when suspended t a ar- i;j.i, conciuiiijig.. a negative
member followed by anafuriuative, or asking a question
beginning with a verb; if the unaccented syllable or
syllables be the-last, they are higher than the" accented
syllable, though not so loud. So that the true defini-
tion of accent is this ; // the word be pronounced alone,
and without any reference to other tvvrrls, the accented
sylluble is both higher and lander than the other syllable*
either before or after it ; but if thv word be suspended,
as at the comma, if it end a negative member fullnteed
•jiirmttthn, of if it conclude an interrogative sen-
tence beginning with a verb, in each case the accented
syllable is louder and higher than the preceding, and
i2>id lover thnn the succeeding syllables. This
will be sufficiently exemplified in the following pages.
In the mean time it mav be observed, that if a decree
of swLftr.es* enters into the dafinitian of force, and that
tbeaorented syllable U theonosk forcible, it follo-.vs that
the accent does not necessarily lengthen the syli-.ble.
and that if it falls on a 'png vowel, it is onlv •<•' loiijej
continuation of that force with which it qirckly orsud-
, mmenced; for as the voice is air cfllux of sir,
and air is a fluid like water, we may cor.itn e a .widen
g"sh cf tSiis fluid to continueeither-a longer or a sinner
time, and thence form an idea of long or short quantity.
If, however, this definition of force, as.iyiplied to accent,
iwerroBCous.orimafrinitry, let it be remembered,
i: is n.a'.tvunpt tofomia precise ut<«i of what has l,n irr-
! -ft in obscurity ; and that, if svc!i sn at£e:Tipt
.duce some curj<jus irtquinv
to show M'injie it fliiL-i, and to subsUtutescfnethipg bettet
in its stead.
If the«»ebKervations are just, they rnay serve to show •
how ii Wounded is tlie opinion of that iu(iD:tc variety of
vokif «f which speaking sounds. consist. That a won-
d jrful variety m»j arjje-from the key in whu-h we.«])eak.
Irenes* witii which we pronounce,
•incntre of passion or sentiment we infuse-
: .it sj»!>a!; in v. hat key •
. pronounce . rre or -feebleuess w«
p'easey.aivi infuse wbnt<!*'or tinctures? jnsiion orseisti-
u.eitt w«- can i:najjirie! into the wonis^s'iil they inn
nm- of the fijregbHig modi-
:s ef the voice. I. t M- 1-0 intorviMMW tvis »
•.•',•••» of tone ws will, we <•• •• -,.f '; e •
l-ou'.jil-:- Mii-xior.8. T'.i*so»-'.ri
icli all tl'ic force and colouring n[.fyftdi-\i
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GKEEK AND LATIN ACCENT.
58
end these tr.av be just!y said to form the first principles
of speaking sounds.
ErempUJicntinn* of the different Mod'ficitions of the
I'oice. The Monotone, the Riiiiig Inflexion, the F, ill-
ing Inflexion, the [Using Circumf.ex, and the Falling
Circulates.
Though we seldom hear such a variety in reading or
speakhv: as the aenae and satisfaction of the ear demand,
yet we hsrd'y ever hear a pronunciation perfectly mon-
otonous. In former times we might have found it in
the midnight pronunciation of the Bellman's versus at
Christmas; and now the Town-crier, as Shakespeare
calls him, sometimes gives us a specimen of the mono-
tonous in his vociferous exordium — " This is to give
tirtti<:c .'" The clerk of a court of justice also promul-
gates the will of the court by that barbarous metamor-
phosis of the old French word O.vez! Oye:.' Hear ye !
Heir ye! into-O.vi'S/ 0 .vet ! in a perfect sameness of
solemn and subime passages n poetry t as a woneru
propriety, and, by the uncommonness^f its use, it adds
greatly to that variety with which the ear is so much
delighted.
This monotone may be defined to be a continuation or
samenpfs of sound upon certain words or syllables, ex-
actly like that produced by repeatedly striking a bell ;
sucri ••< stroke may be louder or softer, but continues in
exactly the same pitch. To express this tone, a hori-
zontal line may be adopted ; such a one as is generally
used to signify a long syllable in verse. This tone may
very properly be introduced in some passages of Aken-
side's Pleasures of Imagination, where he so finely de-
scribes i he tales of horror related by the village matron
to her infant audience —
Breathing astonishment ! of witching rhymes
And evil spirits : of the de ith-bed call
To him wf:o robb'd the widow, and devour'd
The orphan's portion ; of unquiet souls
Risen from the grave to ease the heavy guilt
Of deeds, in life conceal'd : of shapes that walk
At dead of night, and clank their chains, and wave
The torch of hell qround the murd'rer's bed.
If the words " of shapes that walk at dead of night"
are pronounced in a monotone, it will add wonderfully
to the variety and solemnity of the passage.
The rising inflexion is that upward turn of the voica
we generally use at the comma, or in asking a question
beginning with a verb, as N6, say you ; did he say No ?
This is commonly called a suspension of voice, an
may not improperly be marked by the acute accent
thus (')
The falling inflexion is generally used at the semi-
colon and colon, and must necessarily be heard in an-
swer to the former question : HetiiH; he said No. This
inflexion, in a lower tone of voice, is adopted at the end
of almost every sentence, except the definite question,
or that which begin* with the verb. To express this
inflexion, the grave accent seems adapted thus (')
The rising circumflex begins with the falling inflex-
ion, and ends with the rising upon the same sylla-
ble, and seems as it were to twist the voice upwards.
This inflexion may be'exemplified by the drawling tone
we give to some words spoken ironically ; as the word
Clodius m Cicero's Oration for Milo. This turn of voice
may be marked in this manner (v) ;
" But it is foolish in us to compare Drusus Africanu*
v .
and ourselves with Clodius; all our other calamities
were tolerable, but no one can patiently bear the death
v
of Clodius."
The falling circumflex begins with the rising inflexion,
and ends with the falling upon the same syllable, and
seems, to twist the voice downwards. This inflexion
seems generally to be used in ironical reproach; as on
the word you in the following example :
" So then you are the author of this conspiracy against
me ? It is to you that I am indebted for all the mischief
that has befallen me."
If to these inflexions weadd the distinction of a phrase
into accentual portions, as
Prosperity 1 gains friends | and adversity I tries themi
and pronounce friends like an unaccented syllable of
gaina; and like an unaccented syllable of adversity ;
and them like an unaccented syllable of tries ; we have
a clear idea of the relative forces of all the syllable-, and
approximate closely to a notation of speaking sounds.
For farther information respecting this new and cu-
rious analysis of the human voice, see Klements of E/o-
cution, second edition, page 62; and Rhetorical Gram
niar, third edition, page 143.
GREEK AND LATIN ACCENT, &c.
:. TV order to form an idea of the Accent and Quantity
of i he dead languages, it will be necessary first to under-
stand what we mean by the acce. t and quantity of our
own language :* and as quantity is supposed by some to
» It is not surprising, that the accent and quantity
of the ancients should be so obscure nnd mysterious,
when two such learned men of our own nation as Mr.
Forster and Dr. Gaily, differ about the very existence
of quantity in our own language. The former of these
gentlemen maintains, that " the Rngli h have both ac-
cent and quantity, and that no language can be without
them:" but the latter asserts, that, " in the modern
languages, the pronunciation doth not depend upon a
natural quantity, and therefore a greater libvrty may
be allowed in the placing of accents." And in another
place, ipcaking of the northern langu-.grs of Europe,
N that •• it was made impossible to think of esta-
blishing quantity for a foundation of harmony in pro-
nunciation. He:-ce it became necessary to lay aside
the consideration of quantity, and to have recourse to
accents." " In these and some other passages, that wri-
ter," savs Forster, ' seems to look upon accents as alone
regulating the pronunciation of English, and quantity
as excluded from it." — Fontsr's Essay on Accent and
Quantity, page 28.
As a farther proof of the total want of car in a great
regulate the accent in English as well as in Greek and
Latin, it will be necessary first to inquire, what we
mean by long and short vowels, or, as some are pleased
to term them, syllables. '
2. In English, then, we have no conception of quan-
tity arising from any thing but the nature of the vowels,
as they are pronounced long or short. Whatever re-
tardation of voice in the sound of a vowel there might
l>e in Greek or Latin before two consonants, and those
often twin consonants, we find every vowel in this situa-
tion as rasily pronounced short as long; and the quan-
tity is found to arise from the length or shortness we
Greek scholar — Lord Monboddo says, " Our accents
differ from the Greek in two material respects; first,
they are not appropriated to particular syllables of the
word, but are laid upon different syllables, according to
the fancy of the speaker, or rather as it happens: for I
believe no man speaking Eng.ish does, by choice, give
an accent to one syllable of a word different from Uut
which he gives to another."
" Two things, therefore, that, in my opinion, consti-
tute our verse, are the number of syllables, and the
mixture of loud and soft, according to certain rules. As
to quantity, it is certainly not ewential to our verse, and
far less is accent.":— See Steele's frosudia Rationalii,
pages 103, 1 10.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GKEEK AND LATIN ACCENT.
give to the rowel, and not from any obstruction of
sound occasioned by the succre iing consonants. Thus
I'K- n i:i lavish, banner, and banter, is short in all these
tv:m'.3, and long in priper, <«/«•;•, ami vapour ; the i long
i;'iniMir, and mitre, and short in misery, miilttlr,
and mi.it renal and so of the rest of the vowels: and though
the accent is on the Crst syllable of all these words, we
s •• it perfectly compatible with either long or short
quantity.
,'). As "a f.-rther proof of this, we may observe, that
unaccented vowels are frequently pronounced long
when the accented vowels are short. Thus then in C'i-
cer<;, in English as well as in Latin pronunciation, is
Ion:', though unaccented ; and the i short, though un-
der the accent. The same may be observed of the name
of our English poet Lilto. So in our English words
co'nclave, re'concile, chu'monrile, and the substantives
co'njine, perfume, and a thousand others, we see the
first accented syllable short, and the final unaccented
syllable Ion;. Let those who contend that the acute
accent and long quantity are inseparable, call the first
vowels of these words long, if they please, but to those
who make their ear and not their eye the judge of
quantity, when compared with the last vowels, they
will ; Iways lie estremed short.*
4. The next object of inquiry is, What is the na-
tuie of English accent ? Mr. Sheridan, t with his usual
decision, te'iis us, that accent is only a greater force up-
on one syllable than another, without any relation to
the elevation or depression of the voice; while almost
every other writer on the subject make the elevation or
depression of the voice inseparable from accent. When
words are pronounced in a monotone, as the bellman
repeals his verses, the crier pronounces his advertise-
ment, or the clerk of a church gives out the psalm, we
hear an ictus or accentual force upon the sevcialaccent-
* A late very learned and ingenious writer tells us,
that our accent and quantity always coincide: he ob-
jects to himself the words signify, magnify, qualify,
&c. where the final syllable is longer than the accented
syllable; but this he asserts, wiih the greatest probabi-
lity, was not the accentuation of our ancestors, who
placed the accent on the last syllable, which is na-
jurally the longest. But this sufficiently proves, that
the accent does not necessarily lengthen ihesyljable it
falls on; that is, if length consists in pronouncing the
vowel long, which is the natural idea of lo* g quantity,
and not the duration of the voice upon a short vowel
occasioned by the retardation of sounding two succeed-
ing consonants, which is an idea, though sanctioned by
antiquity, that has no foundation in nature: for who,
that is not prejudiced by early opinion, can suppose the
first syllable of elbnin to be long, and the la t short ? —
See Kisap on Greek and Latin Prosodies. Printed for
Robson.
t The term (iccent) with us has no reference to inflex-
ions of the voice or muKcal notes, but only means a pe-
culiar manner of distinguishing one syilaLle of a word
from the rest. Lecture* on Elocution, quarto edition,
page 41.
. To illustrate the difference between the accent of the
ancients and that of ours, (says Mr. Sheridan) let us sup-
pose the same movements beat upon the drum, and
soun 'ed by the trumpet. Take, for instance, a succes-
sion of words, where the accent is on every second sylla-
ble, which forms an Iambic movement: the only way
by which a drum (as it is incapable of any change of
notes) can mark that movement, is by striking a soft
note first, followed by one more forcible, and so in suc-
cession. Let the sime movement be sounded by the
trumpet in an alternation of high and low notes, and it
will give a distinct idea of the difference between the
English accents and those of the ancients. — A: t of Read-
ill}.', page 75.
1 am s rry to find one of the most ingenious, learned,
and candid inquirers into this subject, of the same opin-
ion as Mr. Sheridan. The authority of Mr. Nares
would have pone near to shake my own opinion, if I had
not recollected, that this gentleman confesses hs cannot
perciive the least of a diphthong:)! sound in the i in
strike, which Dr. Wallis, he observes, excludes from
the simple sounds of the rowe's. For if the definition
of a vowel sound be, that it is formed by one position
of the or ans, nothing can be more perceptible than the
double position of them in the present case, and th-it the
noun rye, which is perfectly equivalent to the pronoun
1, begins with the sound of a in father, and ends in that
of e in equal.— See Nares's English Orthoepy, page -2,
50
ed syllables, which distinguishes them from the others,
but DO more variety of tone than if we were to beat the
syllables of the same words upon a drum, which may
be louder or softer, but cannot be cither higher or low-
er ; this is pronouncing according to Mr. Sheridan's de-
finition of accent : and this pronunciation cer'ainly comes
under the definition of singing; it issmgingill, indeed, av
Julius Ca?sar said ofa bad reader,— but still it is^inging,
and therefore essentially different from speaking; for
in speaking, the voice is continually flitting upwards or
downwards; and in singing, it it leaping, as it were,
from a lower to a higher, or from a higher to a lowet
note ; the only two possible ways of vai ying the human
voice with respect to elevation or depression: so that
when we are told by some writers on this subject, that
the speaking of the ancients was a kind of singing, we
are led into the error of supposing, that singing and
speaking differ only in degree, and not in kind ; where-
as they are just as different as motion and rest.*
5. Whenever in speaking we adopt a singing tone,
(which was formerly the case wuh Puritan preachers)
it differs essentially from speaking, and can be pricked
down upon paper, and be played upon a violin: and
whenever in singing we adopta speaking tone, the slide
of this tone is so essentially distinct from singing, as to
shock the ear like the harshest discord. Those, there-
fore, who rank recitative as a medium between singing
and speaking, are utterly ignorant of the nature of both.
Recitative is just as much singing as what is called air,
or any other species of musical composition.
6. If we may have recourse to the eye, the most dis-
tinct and definite rf all our senses, we may define musi-
cal notes to be horizontal lines, anJ sneaking tones ob-
lique lines : the one ris^s from low to high, or falls from
high to low by distinct intervals, as the following straight
lines to the eye ;
the other slides upwards or downwards, as the follow-
ing oblique lines ; , \ nor is the one more
different to the eye than the other is to the ear. Those,
therefore, who gravely tell us, that the enunciation of
the ancients was a kind of musical speaking, impose
upon us with words to which we can annex no ideas;
and when they attempt to illustrate this musico-speak-
ing pronunciation, by referring us to the Scotch and
other dialects, they give us a rhetorical flourish instead
of a real example : for however the Scotch and other
speakers may drawl out the accent, and give the vowel
a greater length than the English, it is always in an ob-
lique, and not in a straight line; for the moment the
straight. line of sound, or the monotone, is adopted, we
hear some hing essentially distinct from speaking.
7- As high and low, loud and soft, forcible and feeble,
are comparative terms, words of one syllable pronounced
alone, and without relation to other "words or syllables,
cannot be said to have any accent. -f The only distinc-
tion to which such words are liable, is an elevation or
depression ot voice, when we compare the beginning
with the end of the word or syllab •. Tiius a mono-
syllable, considered sisgly, rises from a lower to a high-
er tone in the question No'f which may therefore be
called the accute accent, and falls from a higher to a
» It is not denied, that the slides in speaking may some-
times leap, as it were, from a :ow to a his-h, or from a
high to a low note: that is, that there may be a very con-
siderable interval between the end of one of these slide*
and the beginning of another : as between thehigh note
in the word no in the question, Did he say, No f and the
low note which the same word may a><opt in the answer,
No, he did nut. But the sound which composes the note
of speaking, as it may be called, and the sound which
composes the note of singing, ate essentially distinct:
the former is in continual m tion, while the latter i*for
a given time at rest. — See Note to sec. 23.
t Ho'.v the ancients could make every monosyllable
accented , ( that is, according to I hci r defin i tion of accent,
pronounced with an elevated tone of voice) without telW
ing us how this elevation happened, whether it was an
elevation of one part of the syllable above the other, or
theelevation of one word or syllable above other words
or syllables, — how these distinctions, I say, so absolutely
necessary to a precise idea of accent, should never be
once mentioned, cnn be resolved into nothing but that
attaohment to wi^nls without ideas, and that neglect of
experiment, which have involved the moderns in UM
same mi>t of ignorance and error.
31*
CO
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GRKEK AND LATIN ACCENT
lower toneupon the same word in the answer Nl, which
may therefore becalled the grave. But when the accent-
ed word or syllable is associated with unaccented words
or syllables, ihe acute accent is louder ai'.d higher than
th» preceding^ and louder and lower than the succeed-
Ubles.as in the question, SatttfatctotUrHd he
tai/ ?' and the grave accent both louder and higher than
eithi-r the preceding or succeeding syllables in the an-
gwer — \l'. said tntuf.'ictnrily. Those who wish to see
\plained more at large, may consult Elements of
' un, page 183; or Rhetorical Grammar, 3d edit.
paffe~77'
;;. '1 his idf.i of accent is so evident upon experiment,
as to defy contradiction ; and yet, such is the general
ignorance of the modifications of the voice, that we
find tho.-e who pretend to explain the nature of accent
the rtiojt accurately, when they give us an example of
the accent in any "particu-iar word, suppose it always
pronounced affirmatively and alone;* that is, as if
* That excellent scholar Mr. Forster furnishes an
additional instance of the possibility of uniting a deo)i
end accumte knowledge of what is called ihe "prosody
or" thc^aridents with a total ignoranceof the accent and
quantity of his own language. After a thousand ex-
amples to show how the English is susceptible of every
kind of metre among the ancients, (theugh in all his
examples he substitutes English accent for Greek and
Latin quantity) be proceeds to show the. difference be-
tween the English, the Irish, and tiie Scotch pronuncia-
tion.
«' The English join the acntc and Ion:; tVme together,
as in libertti ; y short. The Scotch observe our quanti-
ty, and alter our accent, li'tcrtu' ;• .'/ short. When I say
they observe our quantity, I mean they pronounce the
same syllable long which we do, but tljpy make it long-
er. In respect to the circumflex, with which t' eir pro-
nunciation abounds, it may be r -marked, that it is not
formed as the Greek, Latin, and English, of an acute
•and grave, but of a grave,and acute, >c*;, ri.i, round.
Eii:iUh: round, Scotch.
:;a Irish observe our quantity nnd accent itoo, :but
.with a Rjeater degree of spirit < r eniptiasis; which Scnl-
iger calls ajfttatio in latitnilrne, givii::; to most syllables
;an aspiration."— rEssai/ on Aa-tnt laid tymntity, 51. 7"'.
Mr. Forster falls exactly suke of IMr.
•Sheridan, though he has a quite different idea of ac-
•ccnt. He supposes liberty always, prcuouuced t>y an
-hinan in one manner, and "that as a suicfle word,
or at the end of a sentence : he has not t he teast notion
of the different inflexion the savne'word may have ac-
cordingly as the accent i> ;i fleeted, ./as we
may plainly perceive in the folowihc; question : Is it
liberty of licentiousness youipleaii for ? where the
lish raise the voice on t '-e iattpi swialrfe^ as the Scttcn
too frequently do. With riw,ieVr to .L!-,e quantity of
the first syllable, which ."• xvVch
•preserve in this word, I irwgtidi*»snt <r<»ii him totally ;
tor they preserve the accent, and MTT t',' • q<uKitnty/.by
pronounci:)" the fir ••.'!•,•• •.-.''•. j'f
Mr. Forster calls this -yUable long in thd KHC
-nunciation of it. I should 113 glad to b; toktaf a»«lititer •
accented syllable than thc-Jkst of liberty :• if he tsyt the
• accent being on it renders it lortr;: 1 'n-s-.v-pr this sub-
verts his whole system : for if Ace nt, tV:llin<* on am"
vowel, makes it long, the quantity of t!ie Greek and
fcatin is overturned, and eatw, iu the rfi«t line of <he:
jEneid, must be a spondee.
•he consequence of enterigjr on the discussknr
of a. diflicult point, withont first d«riini:ig the terms :—
nothing but confusion and contradiction can ensue.
But 1 must nivethis writer great credit for his saying
theiicotch pronunciation abounds with the circumflex ;
for this is really the ease; and the very c;rcum;!ex op-
posite to the Greek and Latin, beginning with the
prave and ending with the acute. I am not, however,
a' little astonished that thiedHl not sliow him how defi-
cient the ancients were in this modification of the
'Voice ; which, though used too frequently in Scotland,
is just as much inthe human voice as. the other circum-
flex ; and may be, and is often, used in England, with
rthtattmoBt propriety. With respect to ttie common
circumuex on Greek, Latin, ami some- French words,
the accentual uaeof it is quite unknown, and it only
Vtt«Ms«etr lone quantity: but both these ci re umfiescs
are demonstrabiy upon the human voice in sneaking
;and i*»y be maile as evident by experiment as the stress
:of an accented syllable by pronouccin« the word o-i
•which it is placed.— See HJictoncal Grammar, 3J edit,
page 80.
words were always pronounced with one inflexion of
voice, and as if -there were no difference with respect to
the nature of the accent, whether the word is an affir-
mation or a question, in one part/of the sentence or in
another : when-nothing can be more palpable to a cor-
tect ear than that the accents or' .the word voluntary in
the following sentences are essentially different.
His resignation was voluntary.
He made a vo'luntary resignation.
•In both, the accent is on the first syllable. In the first
sentence, the accented syllable is higher «nd louder than
the other syllables: and in the second, it is louder and
lower than the rest. Thesame may be observed of the
following question :
Was his reiignation voluntary or in' voluntary ?
•-where the fast syllabic of the word voluntary is louder
and lower than the succeeding svllables: and in the
word fMnteRtanpft is louder and higher. Those who
have not ears sufficiently delicate to discern this differ-
-cnce, ought never to open their lips about the acute
or grave accent, as they are pleased to call them ; let
them speak of accent as it relates to stress only, and not
to elevation or depression of voice, and then they may
speak intelligibly.
9. A want of this discernment has betrayedMr. Fors-
ter into-obscurity and contradiction. To say nothing
of his asserting that the -English, Irish, and Scotch ac-
cents differ, (where accent cannot possibly mean stress,
for then English verse would not be ve'rse in Ireland
.and Scotland), what shall we think of his telling us
that in England we pronounce the word majesty* with
an acute acoent, ar.d loo-; quantity upon the first sylla-
1 Je, and the two last sy-labies with the grave accent'and
short quantity; andthatin Scotland this word is pro-
nounced with a grave accent, and long quantity on the
first syllable, and with aaaciUe accentand short quan-
tity on trie last? Now, if by accent is meant stress, no-
thing is moreeyidenttiian that the English aud -Scotch,
wiih t tie exception of very .few words, place the accent
on the same syllftbic: but if elevation Hie included in
the idea of accent, it is as evident that the EngHsh pro-
nounce the first syllable louder and tyigher than the two
last, when they pronounce the word either. singly, or
.as ending a .sentence : .as,
lie spoke against the king's mijenty:
and louder and lower than .the two last, when- it istha
last accented word but one in a sentence,- as,
He spoke against theina'jrgty Of the king :
or -when it is the last word Jn asking a question,- te-
gimiing with a verb, as,
Did he dare to speak against the king's ma'jtsty?
10. V.'here'then is the drfferrnce, it will be asked,
ietwtcn the English and Scotch pronunciation? I an-
.•nc:>ely in this; that the Scotch are apt to
adopt the rising circumflex and long quantity where
the English use the simple rising inflexion and short
quantity. Thus in the word majesty, .• as -well as in
every other of the same form, 'they generally adopt
the rising inflexion, as in the two last sentences, whe
ther itends a question-beginning with a vtrb,,as, " Is
this the picture of his majvat;/ ?" or -whether it ends
an allirmative sentence, as, " This is the picture of his
ma'je,*t!/." .And it is the prevalence of this long quan-
tity with the rising inflexion that forms the principal
difference between the English and iicoich pronuncia-
tion.
I must just take notice 'of the inaccuracv of Mr.
Forster in saying the last syllable of liberty is short, .and
yet that it has the circuratlex accent : this is contraiy
to all the prosody of antiquity, and contrary to the
truth of the case "in this instance; for it is the length
of the first syllable, arising from the circumflex on it,
which distinguishes the Scotch from the English pro-
nunciation.
* Would not any one*upnose, that, -by Mr. Forster'j
producing this word as aiv example of tne English ac-
cent, that the English always pronounced it cue way,
and that as if it ended a declarative sentence ? This is
exactly like the mistake of I'risciau iu Uie word Xa-
tura.— See sect. 20, in the Notes.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GREEK AND LATI^ ACCENT.
11. Having thus evtl ;ivoi.::-ecl <o ascertain ;he accent
and quantity <••!' acuo • a language, let us next inquire
•into the nature of the accent and quantity of the an-
cients*
12. The long quantity of the ancients must arise either
from a prolongation of the : "-1 of the vowel, or from
that delay of Voic? which th,' pronunciation of two or
more consonants in succession arc supposed naturally
to require. Now vowels were s-iid to be either long by
nature, or long by position. Those Ion" by natiiref
«'erc such as were Ion/, though succeeded by a sing'.e
consonant, as the it in nntitut, and were a sort of ex-
ception to the gen ral rule : for a vowel before a single
iint was commonly short, as in every u in the
word tumulus. Those vowels which were long by po-
sition were such .13 were succeeded by two or more con-
sonants, as the first u in *in /.«»• .- hut if the Inng and
short quantity of the ancients was the same distinction
of >he sound "of the vowel as we make i:i the words m-
dciira :md magic, calling the first a long, and the second
short, then the a in muter and patery must have been
pronounced like our a in Inter and latter ; arid those
vowels which Were long by position, as the a in Bac-
eliits and campus, must have been sounded by the an-
cients as we hear them in the English words baku and
came.
13. If therefore the long quantity of the ancients was
no more than a retardation of voice on the consonants,
or that duration of s.mnd which an assemblage of con-
sonants is supposed naturally to produce without mak-
ing any alteration in the sound of the vowel, such long
quantity as this an English ear has not the least idea of.
Unless the sound of the vowel be altered, we have not
anv conception of a long or short syllable; and the first
syllables of banish, banner, and banter, have, to our
ears, e\ ictly the same quantity.
14. Uut if the long quantity of the ancients arose na-
turally from the obstruction the voice meets with in the
pronunciation of two or more consonants, how does it
happen that the preceding c msonants do not lengthen
the vowel as much as those which succeed ?§ Dr. Gaily
* So much are the critics puzzled to reconcile the
•tragic and comic verses of the ancients to the laws
•of metre, that a learned writer in the Month/;/ Review,
for May 17<i2, speaking of the corrections of Dr. Heath,
in his notes or readings of the old Greek tragedians,
says,
" Those Emendations are much more excusable than
. such as are made merely for the sake of the metre, the
rules of which are so extremely vague and various, as
they are laid dn'.vn by metrical critics, that we will ven-
ture to say, any chapter in Robinson Crusve might be
reduced to me.isure by them. This is not conjecture;
the thing shall be proved.
-As I wasru^^agn^abouther,-
1 found several
Dorh
Tlwigsthat I wanted, { ^tctylieus *™>
A fire shovel and tongs,—
Two brass kettles,
A .pot to make chocolate,-
( Dochmmeus ex e-
< pitrlto yufrto t:t
( syllabd,
- Dock maims,
( Pcriadus
~\ catalectus,
'Some horns of fine glazed powder
A gridiron and seve
, Ral other necessaries --- — {
t If t'.ielong qupjuity of the Greek and .Latin arose
naturally from the retardation of sound occasioned by
the succeeding consonants, the long vowels in this si-
tuation ought to have been termed long by nature, and
those long vowels which come before swigl'e consonants
should have been called long -by custom : *ince it was
nothing but custom made the vowel a in dfcus (honour)
short, and in derlo (to give) long ; and the vowel o in
ovum (an egg) long, and in ovo (to triumph} short.
$ I do not heie enter into the question conceiving the
ancient s^und of the Latin u, which I am convinced was
like our a in water ; but whether it was like the a. in
piper, flithe", or water, is not of any importance in the
present quest on; the quantity is the same, supposing
»t to have beoi. any one of them.
$ " Dissertatnn against pronouncing the Greek Lan-
guage according to Accents." — Disert. ii p. 50, second
edition.
tells us, the reason of this is, " that the vowel being the
most essential p-irt of the syllable, the voice hastens to
seize it; and, in order to do this, it slurs over all the
consonants that are placed before it, so that the voice
suffers I ittle or DO delay. But the case of the consonant
that follows is not the same : it cannot b? shirred over,
but must be pronounced full and distinct, otherwise it
would rim into and be confounded with the following
syllable. By this means tJie voice is delayed more in the
latter than in the former part of the syllable, and W is
longer than O-TJO, and ij» longer than 2;r /,-/;."
I must own myself at a loss to conceive the force ol
this r:Ms;niing : I" have always supposed the consonant,
when it forms part of a syllable, to be as essential to its
sound as the vowel; nor can I conceive why the latter
consonants of a syllable may not be pronounced us ra-
pidly as the former, without running the former syllable
into the latter, and thus confounding them together;
since no such confusion arises when we end the first syl-
lable with the vowel, and begin riie following syllable
with the consonants, as pro-cmstaw, pro-stratus, &c.
<"s in this cr*? (here is no consonant to stop the first syl-
lable, and prevent its running into the second; so that
Dr. Gaily sse:rs to have slurred over the matter rather
than to have explained it ; but as he is the only writer
who has attempted to account for Ihe manner in which
quantity is produced by consonants, he is entitled to at-
tention.
l.~>. In the first place, then, in words of more than one
syllable, but one consonant can belong to the pn»:r4in g
vowel, as the others must necessarily be considered as
belonging to the sHceeeding vowel, and according to
Dr. Gaily, must be hurried over, that the voice may
seize its favourite letter. As one consonant, therefore,
does not naturally produce long quantity, where is the
delay if (he other consonants are hurried over? and,
consequently, where is the long quantity wlm-h the de-
lay is supposed to produce? This is like adding two
nothings together to produce a something,
16. But what does he mean by the necessity there is
of pronouncing the latter consonant full and' distinct,
that it may not run into and be confounded with the
following syllable ? Must not every consonant be pro-
nounced full and distinct, whether we pronounce it ra-
pidly or slowly, whether before or after the vowel ? Is
riot the str in stramen pronounced as full and distinct
as the 8«me letters in castra, cnttramstnr ? &c. I know
there is a shadow of difference by pronouncing the vowel
i n our short English manner so^xs to unite with the ,?,
as if written cass ; but if we make the preceding vowel
long, as in cafe, and, according to the rules of syllabi*
cation laid down by Ramus, Ward, and the Latin gram»
marians, carry the consonants to-thie succeeding syllable,
as if written can-stray, we find these consonants pro-
nounced exactly in the same manner : and this loads us
to suppose that double consonants were the signs only,
and not the efficients of long quantity ; and th .t this
game long quantity was not 'Simply a duration of sound
upon the consonants, but exactly what we eall long
quantity — a lengthening of the sound by pronouncing
the vowel open, as if we were to pronounce the a long
iu mater, by sounding it as if written mayter ; and the
same letter short in pufcr, as if it were written patter.*
17- The reason of our repugnance to admit of this
analogy of quantity in the learned languages is, that a
diametrically opjxnite analogy has been adopted in the
English, and, 1 believe, in most modem tongues — an
analogy which makes the -vowel long before one conso-
nant, and short before more than one.
III. If, however, the quantity of the ancrents lay only
in the vowel, which was lengthened and shortened in
our manner bv altering the sound, .how strange must
have been their poetical hangunge, and how different
from the'words taken singly ! Thus the word nee, which.
* What exceedingly corroborates this idea Of quantity
is, the common or doubtful vowels, as they are called ;
that is, such as come before a mute and a liquid ; as the
firit a in patria, the e in refluo, &c. ; as in these words
the vowel preceding the mute and liquid is either long
or short, as the writer or speaker pleases to make it ; but
if the consonants naturally retarded the sound of the
syllable, so as to make it long, bow could this be? If
the syllable was to be made long, did the speaker dwell
longer on the consonants, and if it was to be made short,
did he hurry them over ? And did this make the differ-
ence in the quantity of these syllables ? — The utter im-
possibility of conceiving this to havs been the case ren-
ders it highly probable that the long or short quantity
lay only in the voweL
62
OKSEIIVATIONS ON THE GREEK AND LATIN ACCENT.
taken singly, must have been pronounced with the vowel
si ort, like bur English word neck — in composition, as
iij t!ie line of Virgil, where it is long,
" Fulgura, nee diri toties arsere comets."
This word must have been pronounced as if written
neek : just as differently as the words proper, of, man-
kind in, and man, in the line of Pope, would be pro-
nounced by the same rule,
" The proper study of mankind is man ;"
and as if written,
" Thepropew study ove mane-kind ees mane."
When to this alteration of the quantity, by the means
of succeeding consonants, we add that rule —
" Finalem caesura brevem producere gaudet," —
which makes the short or double vowel long, that either
immediately precedes the cresura, or concludes the hex-
ameter verse — what must be our astonishment, at this
very different sound of the words arising merely from
a different collocation of them, and :•! the strange va-
riety and ambiguity to the ear this difference must occa-
»ion !•
19. But if this system of quantity among the ancients
appears strange and unaccountable, our wonder wi!l not
be diminished when we inquire into the nature of their
accent.
20. From what has been said of accent and quantity
in our own language, we may conclude them to be es-
sentially distinct and perfectly separable : nor is it to
be doubted that they were equally sepurablein the learn-
ed languages: instances of this from the scholiasts and
commentators are innumerable ; but so loose and inde-
finite are many of their expressions, so little do they
seem acquainted with the analysis of the human voice,
that a great number of quotations are produced to sup-
port the most opposite and contradictory systems.
Thus Vossius, Henninitis, and Dr. Gaily, produce a
great number of quotations which seem to confound ae-
centand quantity, by making the acute accent and long
quantity signify the same; White, Michaelis, Melanc-
thon, Forster, Primal, and many other men of learning,
produce clouds of witnesses from the ancients to prove
that accent and quantity areessentiallydifferent.t The
only thing they seem to agree in is this, that the acute
accent always raises the syllable on which it is placed
higher than any other in the word.f This is certainly
true, in English pronunciation, if we pronounce the
word singly, and terminate it as if no other were to
follow : but if we pronounce it in a sentence, where it
* See this idea of the different sound of words, when
taken singly, and when in composition, most excellently
treated by the author of the Greek and Latin Prosodies,
attributed to the present Bishop of St. Asaph, page 101.
t Is it not astonishing that learned men will wrangle
with rach other for whole pages about the sense of a
word in Dionysius of Halicarrussus, upon the difference
between singing and speaking sounds, when this differ-
ence is just as open to them by experiment as it was to
him ? Who can sufficiently admire the confidence of
Isaac Vossius, who says — " In cantu latius evagari so-
nos, quam in redtationeaut comrruini sermone, utpote
in quo vitiorum hal>e-itur, si vox ultra diapenta seu
tres tonos, et Mmitonium, acuatur ?" In singing, the
sound has a larger compass than in reading or common
speaking, insomuch that, in common discourse, what-
ever is higher than the dlapente is held to be extremely
•vicious.
t Thus Priscian. " Inunaquaque parteorationisarm
et thesis sunt velut in hac parte natura ; ut quando dico
•uzf u, elevatur vox it est arsis in tu : quando vero ra
•leprimitur vox et est thesis." Any one would conclude
from this description of the rising and falling of the
voice upon this word, that it could only be pronounced
oneway, and that there was no difference m the com-
parative height of the vowel u in the two following sen-
tences :
Lucretius wrote a book De Rerum Natiirn.
Lucretius wrote a book De Natura Rerum,
Whereas it is evident that the word natura is suscepti-
ble of two different pronunciations: in the first sen-
tence the syllable tu is louder and higher than the 1 ist ;
and in the second it is louder and lower than the last [
and this confounding of loud with high and soft with
low, seems to be the great stumbling-block, both of art
cienu and moderns. —See Noj. 7, 8, &c.
is the last accented word but one, or where it is at th«
end of a question beginning with a verb when we sus-
pend the voice in expectation of an answer, we thcr
lin.l the latter syllables of the word, though unaccented,
nre pronounced higher than the accented syllable injhe
former part of the word — See No. 7.
21. But what are we to think of their saying, that
every monosyllable is either acuted or circumflei-
td ?* If the acute accent signifies an elevation of voice,
this, with respect to words of one syllable, must mean
elevated above some other word either preceding 01
succeeding, since elevation is a mere comparative word ;
but this is not once mentioned by them: if it has any
meaning, therefore, it must imply that the acute ac-
cent is the monosyllable, pronounced with, what I
should call, the rising infeiion or upward slide, and
then we can comprehend how a monosyllable may hav«
the acute accent without reference to any other word;
as when we begin a syllable low, and slide it higher, or
begin it high, and slide it lower, it may be said to be
acute or grave of itself; that is, when it is pronounced
alone, and independent of oth- r words. Unless we
adopt this definition of the acute and grave, it will be
impossible to conceive what the old grammarians mean
when they speak of a monosyllable having the grave or
the acute accent. Thus Diomedes says on some words
changing their accent — " Si post adverbium cum gravi
pronunciatur accentu, erit praepooitio; si acuto erit
adverbium, ut lotigo post tempore vent."
22. It was a canon in the p osody of the Greeks and
Romans, that words of more than one syllable must
have either an acute or a circumflex accent; and that
the other syllables without an accent, were to be acr
counted grave; but if this be so, what are we to think
of those numerous monosyllables, and the final sylla-
LJT. uaiiy may oo; ceive, nail certainly tneir elevation
on the last syllable:" and this opinion of Mr. Footer's
is supported by some of the most respectable authori-
ties.f
'23. With respect to the power of the accent in bolk
the Greek and Latin languages, nothing can be better
established by the ancient grammarians than that the
acute accent did not lengthen the syllable it fell upon
and that short syllables, remaining short, had often the
acute accent. This opinion ras been irrefutably main-
tained by Mr. Forster,:): and the author of Observations
* Eavero qua; sunt syllabae unius erunt acutu ant
flexa ; ne sit aliqtia vox sine acuta.— Quinrt. lib. i. c. 5.
t The seeming impossibility of reconciling accent
and quantity made Herman Vandcrhardt* the author
of a small treatise, entitled. " Arcanum Aucentuunt
GrtKi-nrum," consider the marks of Greek accentuatioa
as referring not to syllabic, but oratorial accent. But,
as Mr. Forster observes, " If this supposition were
true, we should not meet with the same word constant-
ly accented in the s ime manner as we see it at present.
A word's oratorial accent w. 11 vary according to the ge-
neral sentiment of the passage wherein it occurs: but
its syllabic accent will be invariably the same, inde-
pendent of its connexion with other words in the same
sentence, except in the case of enclitics and a few
others." — Kasay on Accent and Quantity, page 25.
t But when Mr. Korster endeavours to explain how
this is to be done, he has r< course to music.
" Notwithstanding the reluctance of Vossius, Henni-
nius, and thousands after them, to admit the acute as
compatible wiih a short time, if I could have them near
me with a flute in my hand, or ratlvr with an organ
before us, 1 would engage to convince them of the con-
sistency of these two. I would take any two keys next
to each other, one of which would consequently giv«
a sound lower than the other : suppose the word i</?»
before us, or£joy»«»; both which words Vossius would
circumflex on "the penultimate, inste d of giving an
acute to the first, according to our present marks: 1
would, conformably to these marks, just touch the
higher key for the initial a., and take my finger offim-
mediately; and then touch the lower key, on which I
would dwell longer than I did on the higher, and that
would give me a grave with a long time for the sylla-
ble EI ; the same lower key I would just touch again,
and instantly leave it, which would give me a grave
with a short time for 2i: «-.?<. Now if this can be
done on a wind instrument within the narrow com pats
of two notes, it may be done by the organs of human
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GREEK AND LATIN ACCENT.
Mi the Greek and Latin Prosodies; though as sfenu-
ously denied by Dr. Gaily,* Isaac Vossius, and Hen-
ntnius; and tl'iese last seem to have been persuaded
of the inseparable concomitancy of the acuie accent
and long quantity! from the impossibility they suppos-
ed there was of separating them in any lan^U'<ge. But
if we make our ears and not our eyes judges of quanti-
ty, can any thing be more palpable than the short quan-
tity of the accented syllables of proselvte, anodyne,
tribune, and inmate; and the long quantity of the
final syllables «f these words. And when we pronounce
the Greek and Latin words, <r#ix»», fnlln, au.iu. nm'm,
nothing can be more evident than the long quantity
of the final vowel, though without the accent, and the
short quantity of the initial and accented syllable.
24. As to the long quantity arising from the succes-
sion of two consonants, which the ancients are uniform
in asserting, if it did not mean that the preceding
vowel was to lengthen its sound, as we should do by
pronouncing the a in scatter as we do in skater, (one
who skates), I have no conception of what it meant ;f
for if it meant that only the time of the syllable was
prolonged, the vowel retaining the same sound, I mti-t
confess as utter an inability of comprehending this,
source of quantity in the Greek and Latin as in English.
speech, which are of-the nature of a wind instrument,
in ordinary pronunciation. For the sounds of our
voice in common speech differ from those of such mu-
iical instruments, not in quality, but in arithmetical
disc-eel quantity or number only, as hath been observed
before, and is confirmed by the decisive judgment of
that nice and discerning critic Dionys^us of Halicar-
nassus. Here then is, to demonstration, an acute tone
consistent with a short time, and a grave tone with a
long one." — Pages 342, 3-13. To this I may add the ob-
servation in deby the author of the Essay un the Har-
mony of language. " Strange, it seems, that the
author of this passage should maintain an opinion so
contrary to truih, so repugnant to his own purpose, so
belied by daily and hourly experience, as that the union
is it, that these t\yo authors should not see that the ex-
periment, which is called a demonstration, ha- nothing
to do with the point in question. It regards tones that
nse or fall by perceptible intervals, and t,ot such as
rise or fall by slides or imperceptible ones. Let it once
be allowed that the Greeksand Romans sung their lan-
guage, instead of speaking it, and then the acute or
grave accent, with long or short quantity, are easily
conceived; but it is not about musical, but speaking
tones that we inquire; and though the authority of
Dionysius of Halicarnsssus is cited for the nature of
the speaking voice as distinct in degree only and not in
kind, from singing, I boHy assert tnat this is not mat-
ter of i'.uthority. but of experiment, and that singing
and speaking are as distinct as mot on and rest. It is
true, some motion may be so slow as not to be per-
ceived; but then it is" to be considered as rest: as a
curve may approich so near to a right line as not to be
distinguishab e from it ; but in these cases, where the
senses and not the understanding are addressed, things
are to be estimated for just what the senses value them
at. — De 110:1 apparentibus, et de non existentibus, ea-
dem est ratio.
» If the acute accent or stress, as Dr. Gaily calls it,
made the short syllable long, what becomes of the
metre of verse? How will he scan " Arma virumque
cano ?"
t If the double consonants naturally made a syllable
long, I should be glad to know how there could "be ex-
ceptions to this rule ? How could Ammonius say, that
the second syllable of x<x.*xj>u.«. was long, when the
word ws used in one particular sense, and short in an-
other ? And how could CiceH) say, that the first letter of
Inclytu.i was short, and the first of insanim and Inf-Kx
long, if two succeeding consonants naturally lengthened
the syllable? Dr. Forster, indeed, attempts to recon-
cile this co 'Iradiction, by observing that Cicero does
not say the first syllable of tnrlytim is short, but the first
letter ; but '' may be demanded, what is it that makes
the syllable .'.ng or short, but the length or shortness of
the vowel ? If the double consonants necessarily retard
the sound of the vowel, the second syllable of xxfx^u.x,
and the first of inclyttw, could not possibly be pronounc-
ed short ; and particularly the latter word could not be
so pronounced, as it has the accent on the first syllable.
See sect . 16, in the note.
Banish, banner, and banter, have to our ears the first
syllable equally short; the same may be observed or
ni'iiatf, .teiititiar}/, sentence, and sentiment; arid if, as
an ingenious critic* has asserted, the ancients pronounc-
ed both the consonants in mllidus, fallo, &c. that \t
finishing one / by separating the tongue from the palate
before the other is begun, 'such a pronunciation must
necessarily augment the number of syllables, nearly ai
if written mlflidut, juteln, &o. and is therefore contrary
to all the ru;es of ancient prosody ; nor would this pro-
nunciation to our ears give the le«st length to the pre-
ceding vowel, any more than the succeeding mute aoe»
in evnti-iifi- and sentiment.
25. When these observations on the accent and quan-
tity of the ancients are all put together, shall we wonder
that the learned and in^'enious*author of Elements of
Criticism, \ should go so far as to assert that the dactyl*
and spondees of hexameter verse, with respect to pro*
mmci.ition, are merely ideal, not only with us, but that
they were so with the ancient-; themselves? Few, how-
eve , will adopt an opinion which will necessarily imply
that the Greek and Latin critics were utterly i norant
of the nature of their own language ; and every admirer
of '.hose excellent writers will rather embrace any ex-
planation of ac( ent and quantity, than give up Diony-
sius of Halicarnassus, i,'icero, Quintilian, ami Longi-
HUS. Suppose then, as a last refuge, we were to try to
read a Greek or Latin verse, both by accent and quanti-
ty in the mann-.T they have prescribed, and see what such
a trial will produce.
26- By quantity, let us suppose the vowel lengthened
to express the loi-g quantity : and by the acute accent,
the rising inflexion as explained above.
Tftyre, t(3 patulas rccubnns sub tegmine figi,
Sylvcstrem tenui musam mediUris avCna.
Tityrf, tQ pStul.^ rgcflbans sub tegmTng fagl,
SylvOstrC-m lentil musam meditarls avCnu.
Teetyre to6 patulee recu banes so<5b teegmine tip,
SeelvefSstreeiii tenui moosame msditaris aveena.
I\Ii;wv ««i?» Qia, Tl^r'taSta 'AjX««;
Sici
Mean- in 5-eye-de The ay Pea-lea-e-5-dyp A-kiMCa-ose
Ow lom-m£n-een he moo re A-kay-oes ail-ge eth-ee-kee.
27. Now there are but four possible ways of pronounc-
ing these verses without going into a perfect song :| on«
is, to p onounce the accented syllable with the falling
inflexion, and the unaccented syllable with the same
inflexion in a lower tone, which is the way we pronounce
our own words when we give them Ihe accent with the
falling inflexion : the second is, to pronounce the ac-
cented syllable with the rising inflexion, and the unac-
cented syllables with the same inflexion in a lower tone,
which we never hear in our own language: the third it,
to pronounce Ihe accented syllable with the falling in-
flexion, and the unaccented syllables with the rising, ia
a lo-.vertone; and the fourth, to pronounce the accent-
ed syllable with the rising inflexion, and the unaccented
with the falling, in a lower tone. None of these mode*
but the first and last do we ever hear in our own lan-
guage: the second and third seem too difficult to per-
mit us to suppose that they could be the natural current
of the human voice in any language. The first leave*
us no possible means of explaining the circumflex, but
* E*xay upon the Harmony of language, pages 228,
233— Hobson, 1774.
t Elements of Criticism, vol. ii. page 10G. See also the
Kvw.v "jK>n the Hni many of Language, page 23 1.
t This, I may be bold to say, is coming to the point
at once, without hiding our ignorance, by supposing
that the ancients had some mysterious way of pronounc-
ing which we are utterly incapable of conceiving. Mr.
Mieridan tel)s us, that " Ihe ancients did observe the
distinction of accents by an elevation and depression of
voice; but themanner in which they did itmust remain
for ever a secret to us; for with the living tongue, per-
ished the ti'nes also, which we in vain endeavour to
seek for in their • isible marks." — Lectures on Elocution,
4lo edition, page 3!).— From these and similar observa-
tions in many of our writers, one would be tempted to
imagine, that the organs of speaking in ancient Greece
and Rome were totally different from those of the pre-
sent rare of men in Europe.
G-i
OBSERVATIONS ON THH OUEEK AND LATIN ACCKNT.
the last, by d.iins this, gives us the strongest reason to
suppose that t '•.<_• tirc'.'k ami Latin acute accent waslhe
riimg inflexion, and i!ic g.'ave accent the Ruling inflex-
ion, ri a IO-.V-T tone.
Hut if the reader were sufficiently acquainted with
these inflexions of voice, or cou'il be present while 1 ex-
when we consider the monotony of the Scotch, Welsh.
and Irish, why should we wonder that other nations
should be as monotonous ? Let us view the Greek and
Latin pronunciation on which side we will, we must, to
be consistent with their own rules, feel them to be ex-
tremely monotonous. According to the laws of ancient
prosody, every unaccented syllable must be lower than
that which is accented ; and if so, a most <lisagreeable
monotony must necessarily ensue: for as every word in
Latin, and almost every word in Greek, of more than
one syllable, ended with the grave accent, that is, in a
-lower tone than the preceding syllables, almost every
word in those languages i ndedwith thesame tone, let
that tone have been what it would, f
:?:>. 1 am supported in this conjecture, notwithstand-
ing all the fine things t the ancients, and many of the
•• us, say of the variety and harmony of the Greek
and Latin languages, by the definition which they give
of the circumflex accent; which is, that it was a combin-
ation of the acuteand grave upon thesame syllable. This
is so incomprehensible to modern ears, that scarcely
any one but the author of the present Observations
has attempted to explain it by experiment. It stands
for nothing but long quantity in all our schools; and,
contrary to the clearest testimonies of antiquity, it has,
by Dr. Gaily, J and a late respectable writer on the
Greek and Latin Prosodies, been explained away into
nothing more than tho acute accent. But if it means a-
raising and falling of the voice upon the same syllable,
which is the definition the ancierrts uniformly give of it,
it is just as easy to conceive as raising ard "falling the
voice upon successive syllables; or, iu other words, ns
going from a lower tone to a higher upon one syllable,
and from a higher to a lower upon the next : and this
consideration k*ds ir.e to conjecture, trmt the acute ac-
cent of the ancients was really the rising inflexion, or
upward slide of the voice : for this being once supposed,
nothing is ss easy as to demonstrate the circumflex in
• Dr. Burney tells us, that "Meibonius, the great and
learned Meibonius, when pre-ailed upon at Stockholm
to sing Greek strophes* set the whole- court of Christina
inatoar; asNaudedid in executing a Roman dance.
And Scaliger observes, that if the nice tonical pronun-
ciation of the ancients could be expressed by a modern,
it would be disagreeable to our ears.
•) This is certainly too general an-assertion, if we con-
sider the real pronunciation of the Greek language ac-
cording to accent; as it must be allowed that a great
number of Greek words were accented with the acute
or circumflex on the last syllable ; but when we consider
the modern pronunciation of Greek, which confounds it
with the Latin, we shall not have occasion to recall the
assertion. To which we may add, that those words in
Greek that were circumrlexed on the last syllable may
very properly be said toend with the grave accent; and
that those which had a grave.Tinon ihe final syllable al-
tered the grave to the acute only when they were pro-
nounced a'one, when they came before an enclitic, or
when they were at the end-of the sentence.
t The Grecian sar;e, (says Dr. Burney, ) according to
Gravina, was at oiw a philosopher, a poet, and a mu-
sician. " In separating th.^e ch.~rac:ers," says he, " they
have all been weakened ; the sy^ern of philosophy has
oeen contracted ; ideas Inve failed -in poetry, and force
and energy in vrng. -Truth no longer subsists among
mankind ; the philosopher speaks not at present through
the medium of poetry ; nor is poetry heard any more
through the vehicle of melody."— »•" Xcw to nry appre-
hension." says Dr. Burney, "tbe reverse of alt thu is
exactly true': for, by being sfp-srated, each of these
professions receives a decree of cultivation, which forti-
fies and renders it more powerful, if not more illustrious.
The music of ancient philos phers, and the philosophy
of modern musicians, 1 Utke to be pretty equal in excel-
lence." — History i,f Music, vol. i. page !(>>. Here we
*ee good sense and sound philosophy contrasted with the
blind admiration and empty nourish of an overgrown
•choolboy concluding his theme.
5 Ditiertation anaintt Greek Aecentt, page 53.
our own language; which, without this cluf, it wi'.i !:e
impossible to do in the ancient l«ii;-'::>rrcs: and evtn
wiihit, we must re-astonished th y ,'.:. i i.-'.t o':c circum-
flex; since it is just as easy to fall and raise the voice
upon thesame syllable, as to raise and fall it.*
3D. But our wonder at tht-se peculiarities of tlie
Greek and Latin languages will cease, when we turn our
thoughts to the dramatic performances of the people
who spoke these languages. Can any thing astonish
us more, than that all their tragedies and comedies were
set to music, and actually accompanied by musical in-
struments ? How is our laughter, as well a/ our wonder,
excited, when we are told that sometimes one actor ges-
ticulated while another recited a speech, and that the
greater admiration was bestowed upon the former !
Nay, to raise the ridicule to the highest pitch, we are
informed, thatartors in their speeches, and the chorus
in their songs, accompanied their performances by
dancing; that the actors wore masks lined with brafs,
to give an echoing sound to the voice, and that these
masks were marked with cue passion on one side, arid
with a contrary passion on the other ; and that the ac-
tor turned that side to the spectators which correspond-
ed to the passion of the speech he was reciting. These
extraordinary circumstances are not. gathered from ob-
scure passages of the ancients, picked up here and there,
but are brought to us by the general and united voice
of all antiquity ; and therefore, however, surprising, or
even ridiculous, they may seem, are undoubtedly true.
31. Perhaps it will be said, is it possible tha't those
who have left us such proofs of their good sense-aud ex-
quisite taste in their writings, statues, medals, and
seals, could be so absurd in tneir dramatic representa-
tions ? The thing is wonderful, it may be answered ;
•but not more so than that they should not have seen the
use of stirrups in riding, of the polarity of the loadstone
in sailing, and of several other modern discoveries,
"which seemed to have stared them full in the face with-
out their perceiving it.f But is there any thing mor»
• Toaddto our astonishment, that the Greek and
Latin language had but one circumflex, what can be
more wonderful, than that among so many of the an-
cients who have written on the causes of eloquence,
and who have descended to such trifling and childish ob-
servations upon the importance of letters-and syllables,
we should not find a single author who has taken notice
of the importance of emphasis upon a single word ?
Our modern books of elocution abound with instance!
of the change produced in the sense of the sentence by
changing the place of the erapha«is : but no such in-
stance appears among the ancients. Not one poor Will
you ride to town to-day !
Our wonder will increase when we consider that the
ancients frequently mention the different meaning of a
word as it was differently accented ; that is, as the acute
or circumflex was placed upon one syllable or another ;
but they never hint that the sense of a sentence is al-
tered by an emphasis being placed upon different words.
The ambiguity arising from the same words being dif-
ferentlv accented is so happily exemplified by the au-
thor of" the Greek and Latin I'rosodics, that I shall use
his words. " Alexander Apbrodisiensis illustrates this
species of sophism, by aavell-chosen example of a law,
in which the sense depends entirely upon the accuracy
of accentuation. ' Era/£« ^vtrtet, i! 5d*o,'>? ^rtucift»
JIT*.' The word Sr.fjJiriit, with the acute accent .upon
the antepenult, is the neuter nominative plural, in ap-
position wi.h xzva-ta. And thesenseis, 'If a courte-
zan wear golden trinkets, let them, (viz. her golden
trinkets,) be forfeited to the public use.' But if the ac-
cent be advanced, to the penult, the word, without any
other change, becomes thefemininenominativesiogular,
and must be taken in apposition with t rz/;a. And thus
the sense will be, ' If -, courtezan wear golden trinkets.let
her become public property.' This is a vury notable in-
stance of the political importance of accents, of written
accents, in the Greek language. For if this law had
been put in writing without any accent upon the word
^r,!M<ria, there would have been no means of deciding
between two constructions ; either of which, the words
in this state would equally have admitted ; and it must
have remained an inexplicable doubt, whether the le-
gislator meant thtt the poor woman should only forfeit
Her trinkets, or become a public slave."
t \Vehavethestrongestproofin the world that tha
ancient Greeks mnde use only of capital letters, that
they were utterly ignoT.nt of punctuation, and that
there was not the least space between words or sentences.
Walker, John
A critical pronouncing
dictionary and expositor of the
English language
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