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— ' — •
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L161 — O-1096
Crop Yields From Illinois
Soil Experiment Fields
Including the Crop Season
1935
By F. C. BAUER, A. L. LANG, C. J. BADGER, L. B. MILLER,
C. H. FARNHAM, and P. E. JOHNSON
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
BULLETIN 425
(JULY, 1936)
CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION 147
PART I. CROP YIELDS OF 1934 AND 1935, WITH SUMMARIES
FOR 1932-1935 152'
PART II. INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS MATERIALS IN INCREASING
CROP YIELDS AND VALUES, 1932-1935 181
Wide Range in Productivity Levels of Untreated Land 181
Response to Manure 181
Response to Crop Residues 183
Response to Limestone 185
Response to Phosphate 186
Response to Potash 187
Economic Considerations 188
Effect of Soil Treatment on Productivity Levels 195
Relation of Soil Treatment to Crop Quality 196
PART III. LONG-TIME SUMMARIES OF CROP YIELDS ON INDI-
VIDUAL FIELDS 200
Aledo 201-202
Antioch 203
Bloomington 204
Carlinville 205-206
Carthage 206-208
Clayton 208-209
Dixon 209-210
Elizabethtown 211
Enfield 211-212
Ewing 212-214
Hartsburg 214-216
Joliet 217-218
Kewanee 219-221
Lebanon 221-224
McNabb 224
Minonk 225
Mt. Morris 226-227
Newton 227-228
Oblong 229-230
Oquawka 231
Raleigh , 232, 233
Sparta 232, 234
Toledo 234-237
Unionville 237-238
Urbana, Morrow Plots 239
Urbana, South Farm 239-240
West Salem 241
INDEX TO FERTILIZER AND TREATMENT MATERIALS 242
Urbana, Illinois July, 1936
Publications in the Bulletin series report the results of investigations
made by or sponsored. by the Experiment Station
Crop Yields From Illinois Soil Experi-
ment Fields Including the Crop
Season of 1935
By F. C. BAUER, A. L. LANG, C. J. BADGER, L. B. MILLER,
C. N. FARXHAM, and P. E. JOHNSON'
INTRODUCTION
"TTMPOVERISHED SOILS cannot support a prosperous agriculture.
When man begins to till land, he encourages changes in the chem-
-^- ical, physical, and biological nature of the soils that tend to lower
productivity. Crop removals, drainage, and erosion exact their toll of
nutrient material that has accumulated thru the ages. The rapidity
with which these changes and losses take place depends, in a broad
way, on the quality of the materials from which a soil is formed, on
the intensity of the weathering forces acting on these materials, and on
the care exercised in management and treatment. As a result of these
conditions and forces, the farm lands of a state like Illinois vary
widely and are constantly changing in their capacities and require-
ments for crop production.
To know more precisely what impoverishment means, how rapidly
it advances, and how and to what extent it may be corrected, soil
experiment fields have been maintained by the Illinois Agricultural
Experiment Station for many years. Such investigations have been in
progress at Urbana since 1876; the first of the present outlying soil
experiment fields was established in the fall of 1901. Some of the
original fields are still in operation ; some have been discontinued at
one time or another for various reasons. During the crop season of
1935, twenty-six permanent fields were in operation.
Complete records from all the Illinois soil experiment fields up to
and including 1924 were reported in Bulletin 273. Subsequent results
have been reported annually in bulletin form thru the crop season of
1933. The present bulletin is a continuation of this annual series ; but
while it gives detailed yields of each of the more important crops
grown in 1934 and 1935, it gives also comprehensive summaries extend-
ing back over all the years the respective fields have been in operation
as well as summaries for the last rotation period, 1932-1935.
JF. C. BAUER, Chief, Soil Experiment Fields; A. L. LANG, Assistant Chief; C. J.
BADGER and L. B. MILLER, Associates; and C. X. FARNHAM and P. E. JOIIXSON, Assistants.
147
148 BULLETIN No. 425
How the Results Are Summarized
The purpose of this bulletin is to bring out the effects of different
kinds of soil treatment, on various kinds of soil, in changing crop
yields. The data are presented chiefly in terms of bushel or ton yields-
of individual crops. Long-time averages, last-rotation averages, and
annual yields for 1934 and 1935 are all presented in this way. Altho
the effects of the various soil-treatment practices on individual crops
are readily shown by such averages, their comparative effects on all
the crops grown under a given management system on a given soil
type are not readily ascertained. For such comparisons more con-
densed averages are necessary. These are supplied by converting crop
yields into the common denominators indicated below.
Money Values. — Money values provide a convenient unit for sum-
marizing crop yield data since they are easily understood. They are
objectionable because of the wide variations that occur in crop prices
from place to place, from day to day, and from season to season.
They are essential, however, for economic interpretations and when
used with understanding are very useful. They will be found in many
of the following tables.
In calculating the money values recorded in this bulletin, the after-
harvest prices received by farmers and reported by the government
for a given year were applied to the yields of that year, and the
average annual crop values then computed for the period selected. The
crop prices for the four-year period ending in 1935 averaged as fol-
lows: corn, 48 cents; oats, 27 cents; wheat, 74 cents a bushel; mixed
hay, $8.62; clover hay, $9.15; and alfalfa, $11.42 a ton.
Where deductions are made for the cost of the treatment applied.
crop residues were figured as costing 75 cents an acre annually, and
manure, limestone, rock phosphate, and muriate of potash at 75 cents.
$3, $15, and $50 a ton respectively. Under average conditions these
prices should cover the cost of application as well as purchase.
Digestible Nutrients. — Another method of averaging different kinds
of crops together, that avoids the objections of money values, is to
convert the yields of the different crops to pounds of digestible nutri-
ents. This common denominator is not subject to fluctuations of any
kind, and tends to weight the various kinds of crops according to their
feed and food value. In all the tables in Parts II and III yield data
will be found expressed in terms of this unit as well as in dollars, or
bushels, or tons.
In converting crop yields to digestible nutrients, the following
values were assumed for the more commonly grown crops:
Corn 44 . 8 pounds a bushel
Wheat 48.0 pounds a bushel
Oats 22.4 pounds a bushel
Soybeans 57.6 pounds a bushel
1936] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS Son. EXPERIMENT FIELDS 149
Clover hay 1,060 pounds a ton
Alfalfa hay . 1,020 pounds a ton
Mixed hay 1,000 pounds a ton
Soybean hay 840 pounds a ton
Yield Index. — In many of the tables another measure has been
introduced to assist in the interpretation of the yield data. This meas-
ure is called the yield index. It is determined by dividing the pounds
of digestible nutrients produced on an acre of treated land by the
number of pounds produced on an acre of untreated land. Thus it
shows the number of times the yields on the treated land are of the
yields on the untreated land. An index of 1.16 means, for example,
that the yields from the treated plot were 1.16 times the yields from
the check plot ; in other words, that the treatment can be credited with
having increased the yields 16 percent.
Economic Analysis
Altho the main purpose of this publication is to record the actual
crop yields obtained from the various management practices employed
on the Illinois soil experiment fields, it seems desirable to give some
suggestion of the economic significance of some of the more important
management practices used. This may be done from either of two
points of view:
1. The fertilizer point of view; that is, from the standpoint of the
margin remaining after the costs of the treatment materials have been
deducted from the value of the increased yields.
2. The farm point of view; that is from the standpoint of the
margin of profit for the farm as a whole from the soil treatments after
all farming expenses have been cared for.
Obviously the second method is much the more satisfactory. Indeed
the first one may easily lead to quite false conclusions, for when the
yields from untreated land are very low, even spectacular increases
per ton of fertilizing material or per acre of crop may be obtained
without bringing the total acre-yield to a level that will enable a
farmer to pay the expenses of growing and marketing as well as treat-
ment and still have a margin for taxes, interest, repayment of prin-
cipal, and compensation for ownership and operation. The first
method is useful, however, when its limitations are properly understood.
In this publication the fertilizer point of view is represented by
the data in Tables 25 and 26 (pages 190 and 191), showing, respec-
tively, the net acre-increase and the total net acre-yield from the most
effective system of soil treatment in the manure system and in the
residues system on each field.
The farm point of view is represented by the data in Table 27
(pages 193 and 194), which shows the "investment returns" from the
different treatments on the different fields for the four-year period
ending in 1935.
150 BULLETIN No. 425 [/i</y,
Explanation of Symbols
The following letters or symbols are used in the tables to denote
the soil treatment systems employed:
0 = No soil treatment; all crop growth removed.
M = Manure. One ton for each ton of crops grown is usually applied once in
four years for the corn crop.
ML = Manure, limestone. For most fields the limestone has been applied in
amounts equivalent to 700 to 800 pounds an acre annually. In the
future, applications are to be made when the need for them appears.
MLrP = Manure, limestone, rock phosphate. For most fields the rock phosphate
has been applied in amounts equivalent to 350 to 400 pounds an acre
annually.
R = Crop residues. Cornstalks, green-manure sweet clover, second-crop red
clover, etc., are plowed into the soil.
RL = Crop residues, limestone. Same as R and L above.
RLrP = Crop residues, limestone, and rock phosphate. Same as R, L, and rP
above.
RLrPK = Crop residues, limestone, rock phosphate, potash. For many years kainit
at the annual acre-rate of 200 pounds was used. Now muriate of potash
is used at the rate of 100 pounds an acre for each corn and wheat crop.
On some fields other fertilizer materials than those in the above
treatment systems have been used. They are denoted by the following
symbols :
KC1 = Muriate of potash (see above).
sP = Superphosphate. Rates vary with the experiment. In general they
approximate half the rock-phosphate rate.
bP = Bone phosphate. Applications are similar in amount to those of super-
phosphate.
N = Nitrogen. The carrier and rates of application vary with the experiment.
Facts are given with the data.
M.F. = Mixed fertilizer.
( ) = Tons. To differentiate ton yields from bushel yields, the figures denoting
tons are placed in parentheses.
Le = Legumes. Usually Hubam clover or biennial sweet clover for plowing
under as a green manure in residues system.
Soil Groups Represented1
The general character of the soils represented by the experiment
fields is indicated by the following classification. The dates given
indicate the years in which the various fields were established.
Group Location Year
No. Description of Soil of field established
I. Dark soils with heavy, noncalcareous subsoils
Young Aledo 1910
1 1 . Dark soils with heavy, calcareous subsoils
Young / Hartsburg 1911
' 1 Minonk 1910
'Classification prepared by R. S. Smith, Chief in Soil Physics and Soil
Survey.
1936} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 151
III. Dark soils with noncalcareous subsoils
Semimature / Bloomington 1902
I Urbana 1876
1915
1907
IV. Dark soils with open, noncalcareous subsoils
Semimature.. ../ Dixon 1910
1 Mt. Morris 1910
V. Dark soils with impervious, noncalcareous subsoils
f Carthage 1911
Semimature Clayton 1911
[ Lebanon 1910
Mature Carlinville 1910
VI. Dark soils with heavy, impervious, calcareous subsoils
Young (due to erosion) Joliet 1914
VII. Gray soils with impervious, noncalcareous subsoils
Old (moderately well drained) . . . . / Ewing 1910
\ Oblong 1912
Old (poorly drained; slick spots). . ../ Newton 1912
I Toledo 1913
X. Yellowish gray soils with impervious,
noncalcareous subsoils
| Enfield 1912
Mature Unionville 1911
I West Salem 1912
Old (poorly drained; slick spots) . . [ Raleigh 1910
\ Sparta 1916
IX. Brownish yellow-gray soils with calcareous subsoils
Young Antioch 1902
XIV. Sandy loams and sands
Semimature Oquawka 1915
XVI. Hilly, forest, orchard, and pasture land
Mature.. . Elizabethtown 1917
152 BULLETIN No. 425 [July,
PART I. CROP YIELDS OF 1934 AND 1935. WITH
SUMMARIES FOR 1932-1935
K ]f ^HE YIELDS of the more important crops grown on the Illinois
soil experiment fields during the crop seasons of 1934 and 1935
•1*- and for the four-year period ending in 1935 are given in Tables
1 to 18.
In these tables total yields are given for the check plots and
increases in yields for the soil treatments applied to the other plots.
By recording the yields in this way the influence of any particular
soil-treatment material can be determined at a glance, and at the same
time it is a simple matter to calculate the total yields obtained under
any treatment combination by merely adding the increase shown for
the treatment to the yield shown for the check plot.
The fields are arranged in descending order according to check-
plot yields, an arrangement that enables one to correlate more easily
"natural" productivity and response to treatment materials.
It will be noted that yields are given for soil groups as well as for
individual fields.
Crop Yields for 1934
In studying the crop yields for 1934 (Tables 1 to 6) it should be
kept in mind that this was a very hot, dry season, and that in some
sections of Illinois heavy damage was done by chinch bugs. Manx-
crop failures were experienced, and low yields prevailed generally.
It is interesting to note, however, that in spite of the unusually
adverse conditions soil treatments of various kinds gave some very
good increases on a number of the fields. Manure was especially
effective under these unfavorable conditions.
Crop Yields for 1935
The yields for 1935 (Tables 7 to 12) were, on the whole, much
better than those for 1934. In some parts of Illinois corn yields, for
instance, were well above 100 bushels an acre on the best treated
plots. In other parts of the state delayed planting and a short growing
season were responsible for poor quality and low yields.
Soil-treatment practices that provided plenty of fresh organic
matter gave good increases on practically all fields.
The small-grain and hay yields are interesting when viewed from
the standpoint of soil and treatment relationships. The lower the
productive level of the soil, the more effective the mineral fertilizers
tended to be.
Average Yields for 1932-1935
The influence of soil treatment on yields during the four-year
period ending in 1935 is shown by a study of Tables 13 to 17.
1936} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 153
Corn yields, for instance, during this four-year period averaged
from 5 to 75 bushels an acre on untreated land, depending upon the
nature of the soil. Corn increases credited to individual treatment
materials ranged from nothing to 30' bushels an acre, depending on the
treatment and the condition of the soil.
Manure produced rather large increases in corn yields, especially
when applied to the better corn-belt soils. Limestone was especially
effective on the less productive soils when applied in addition to
manure. In the residues system limestone was not so effective, prob-
ably because of the deficiency of other nutrient elements. The rather
large increases for potash on the soils of lower productivity tends to
confirm this point of view.
The small-grain and hay yields also show striking variations but
evidence somewhat different behavior from corn in that the results for
organic matter, especially manure, were of less importance.
To anyone interested in the comparative behavior of the different
crops under the same or different conditions of soil and soil treatment,
the summarized data in Table 18 will be of interest.
154
BULLETIN" No. 425
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1936] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 181
PART II. INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS MATERIALS IN
INCREASING CROP YIELDS AND
VALUES, 1932-1935
TABLES in this Part furnish a basis for judging the
relative effectiveness of various treatment materials and systems
-*±- in increasing crop yields and values on each of the Illinois soil
experiment fields during the last rotation period.
A very condensed form of summary is used. The crop yields for
the four-year period have been converted into both money values and
digestible nutrients, and the latter measure has been used as the basis
for calculating the percentage increases that are attributable to the
various soil-treatment materials. For those fields on which a four-
year rotation is practiced and each crop is grown every year — an
arrangement which prevails on most fields — this procedure condenses
16 crop yields into one figure.
From such figures one can see at a glance the relative advantage
which has been demonstrated for any particular treatment material
during the four-year period.
Wide Range in Productivity Levels of Untreated Land
The great range in the present productivity levels of untreated
Illinois soils is shown by the yields obtained from the untreated plots
on the twenty-five fields listed in Table 19. The annual acre- value of
the crops grown during the last rotation ranged from $2.86 at Eliza-
bethtown to $22.60 at McNabb. Values for the other fields are
distributed more or less regularly between these two extremes.
In order that comparisons between the different fields with respect
to their productivity levels may be quickly made, these levels are
expressed as percentage variations from the average of the three fields
representing soils of good productivity — Aledo, Hartsburg, and
Minonk, whose yields of digestible nutrients averaged 1,848 pounds.
When these percentage variations are correlated with the soil groups
on pages 150 and 151, some interesting relationships are apparent. The
darker-colored soils, for instance, range in productivity level from
around 50 percent of the average of the three "basic" fields to 123 per-
cent. The lighter-colored soils range from 15 percent to 32 percent.
The sand soils occupy a position at about 33-percent level. (See page
196 for graphical presentation of these facts.)
Response to Manure
The amount of manure that can be produced and returned to the
soil in livestock systems of farming depends upon the productiveness
of the soil. Tests show that when one-third of the produce grown is
sold and two-thirds fed, and allowance is made for one-fifth of the
182 BULLETIN No. 425 [July,
TABLE 19.— UNTREATED LAND: VALUE OF ALL CROPS, YIELD OF DIGESTIBLE
NUTRIENTS, AND PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS, ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
(Based on average annual acre-yields for four-year period ending in 1935)
Rank
Field
County
Crop
value
Digestible
nutrients
Produc-
tivity
level'
1
McNabb. .
. . . . Putnam
$22.60
Ibs.
2 277
perct.
123.2
2
Aledo
. . . . Mercer
20.46
2 065
111.7
3
Kewanee
. . . . Henry
18.25
1 837
99.4
4
Hartsburg
. . . . Logan
18.82
1 752
94.8
5
Minonk
. . . . Wood ford
17.43
1 727
93.5
6
Dixon .
Lee
16.08
1 561
84.5
7
Lebanon
. . . . St. Clair
16.39
1 481
80.1
8
Mt. Morris
. . . Ogle
14.44
1 420
76.8
9
Bloomington
. . . . McLean
11.36
1 400
75.7
10
Carthage
. . . . Hancock
11.64
1 232
66.7
11
Joliet
Will
9.79
1 006
54.4
1?
Carlinville
. . . . Macoupin
11.50
992
53.7
id
Clayton
. . . . Adams
8.29
958
51.8
14
Antioch
. . . . Lake
9.61
954
51.6
IS
Oquawka
. . . . Henderson
6.21
600
32.5
16
Oblong
. . . . Crawford
6.61
600
32.5
17
Toledo
. . . . Cumberland
6.06
557
30.1
18
Enfield
. . . White
5.07
478
25.9
19
Newton
Tasoer
5.08
431
23.3
?0
Raleigh
. . . . Saline
4.87
410
22.2
71
Unionville
. . . . Massac
4.01
374
20.2
7,7,
West Salem
. . . . Edwards
3.69
336
18.2
?3
Ewing
. . . . Franklin
3.80
316
17.1
74
Elizabethtown
. . . . Hardin
2.86
304
16.5
25
Sparta
. . . . Randolph
3.27
271
14.7
BThe average yield of the digestible nutrients produced on the Aledo, Hartsburg,
and Minonk fields (Soil Groups I and II), which represent corn-belt soils of good
productive levels, was 1,848 pounds an acre. This yield is taken as 100 percent in
calculating the productivity levels.
manure to be lost before it can be returned to the land, then for every
ton of crops grown one ton of manure containing 25 percent of dry
matter and 75 percent moisture can be returned to the soil. When
manure was applied to the respective experiment fields on this basis,
the amount returned annually per acre, when no supplementary treat-
ments were used, ranged from a little more than !/•> ton on the least
productive soils to about 3 Y^ tons on the more productive soils, as may
be seen from an inspection of Table 20.
While the application of manure in amounts determined by the
above plan increased the crop yields on all fields, the size of the
increases varied markedly. The lowest increase occurred at Sparta,
on a light-colored soil of low productivity, $1.42 an acre annually; the
greatest increase, $8.29, was obtained at Dixon, on a dark-colored soil
of good productivity. Similarly the ton-value of the manure applica-
tions, as expressed in increased yields, ranged from 6 cents at Minonk
on a productive dark-colored soil to $7.02 at Elizabethtown on a light-
1936]
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
183
TABLE 20. — MANURE: AMOUNTS APPLIED AND INFLUENCE ON CROP VALUES,
DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS, AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS,
ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
(For four-year period ending in 1935)
Rank Field
Annual acre
rate of
application
Annual acre-increases
Change in
soil produc-
tivity level
Crop
value
Digestible
nutrients
Ton
value
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Dixon
h
.. . 3
ins
.32
.40
,15
.80
.08
02
.42
.02
.45
.97
60
.03
67
91
88
20
81
93
08
37
71
23
77
»Q
Jo
5
7
5
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
1
2
3
4
1
.29
.25
.04
.71
.92
.30
.46
.12
.77
.05
.66
.73
.03
.69
.82
.60
.62
.12
.87
.94
.38
.06
.42
Ibs.
855
657
656
596
595
584
526
514
450
411
410
371
352
335
298
280
273
270
249
244
208
168
99
$1
1
1
2
4
1
2
3
7
1
4
3
2
2
1
2
1
.76
.79
.51
.29
.10
.45
.09
.94
.54
.42
.02
.09
.39
.11
.59
.06
.48
.60
.15
.40
.17
.55
.09
perct.
41.7
32.0
31.9
29.0
28.9
28.4
25.7
25.1
22.0
20.0
20.0
18.1
17.2
16.3
14.5
13.6
13.3
13.2
12.1
11.9
10.1
8.2
4.8
Aledo
3
Hartsburg
.. . 3
Mt. Morris
... 2
Lebanon
. . . 2
West Salem"
... 1
Clayton
.. . 2
Kewanee
. .. 3
Oquawka
. . . 1
Raleigh
Elizabethtown
Carlinville
2
Carthage
.. . 2
Ewing
Enfield
Minonk
.. . 3,
Unionville
Newton. ...
Joliet
2
Oblong
1,
McNabb
... 3.
Toledo
.. . 1.
Sparta
"Four tons of limestone applied in 1912.
colored soil of low productivity. The smaller applications of manure
tended to give the higher ton-values.
The response of the different fields to manure applications, ex-
pressed as a percentage change in the productivity level of the field,
ranged from less than 5 percent at Sparta to more than 40 percent at
Dixon ; and these variations in response appear to have no correlation
with variations in the productivity levels of the untreated soil of these
fields (Table 19). Soils of high and of low levels showed both good
and poor response to manure.
Response to Crop Residues
Farms on which little or no livestock is fed usually produce more
or less crop-residue material that may be used for soil-improvement
purposes. Cropping systems are easily devised in which the amount
of such material for soil improvement can be greatly increased. The
value of such materials, as utilized on the soil experiment fields, is
shown by the data in Table 21. This material has consisted chiefly of
cornstalks, green-manure sweet clover, second-crop red clover, and
184
BULLETIN No. 425
[July,
TABLE 21. — CROP RESIDUES: INFLUENCE ON CROP VALUES, DIGESTIBLE
NUTRIENTS, AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS WHEN PLOWED DOWN IN AB-
SENCE OF OTHER SOIL TREATMENTS, ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
(For four-year period ending in 1935)
Annual
acre-increases
Change in
Rank
Field
Crop
value
Digestible
nutrients
soil produc-
tivity level
1
Mt. Morris
$2 96
Ibs.
299
perct.
18 1
2
Aledo
3 34
296
18 0
3
West Salem*
3.42
276
16 8
4
Kewanee
3.53
275
16 7
s
Hartsburg
2.68
269
16 4
6
Minonk
2.82
263
16 0
7
Bloomington
1 79
261
15 8
8
Antiochb
... . 2.24
225
13 7
Q
Oblong
1 03
81
5 0
10
Raleigh ...
.78
79
4 8
11
Unionville
58
75
4.6
1?
Enfield
93
64
3.9
13
Toledo
42
64
3.9
14
Sparta
52
48
2.9
IS
Lebanon
63
24
1.4
16
Oquawka
. . . 08
19
1.2
17
Ewing
09
18
1.1
18
Joliet
- 07
17
1 0
19
Carthage
02
13
.7
70
Clayton
71
-6
- .4
71
Elizabethtown
26
-9
- .5
7?
Newton
23
-35
-2.1
73
Carlinville
-.62
-38
-2.3
74
Dixon
. - 49
-80
-6.1
25
McNabb ,
83
-127
-7.8
•Four tons of limestone applied in 1912.
stone and phosphate.
bResidues used in addition to lime-
soybean chaff grown upon the land and plowed down in the absence
of other soil treatments. In the early years the grain straws were
also returned. This practice is now being resumed on a number of the
fields.
This system of soil improvement may be rather effective on some
soils and less effective on others, judging from the data in Table 21.
The best results have been obtained on those fields where clover,
especially sweet clover, will grow without the application of limestone.
The poorest results, on the whole, were obtained on the less productive
soils, where legumes grow poorly, if at all, without the application of
limestone.
Some of the dark-colored soils that will not grow sweet .clover
without limestone, but which will grow red clover (such as the Dixon
field), do not show high returns for the residues system. This is due,
not to the fact that the system has no worth on such soils, but to the
fact that in making the comparisons only one crop of clover hay is
1936]
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
185
removed from the residues plot and two are removed from the check
plot. This makes it difficult to measure the effects of those fields
where red clover is grown both as hay and as a residues crop. If the
system has worth on such soils, it should be reflected in the grain
yields. Reference to the yield data for the Dixon field indicates that
increased grain yields are obtained in this system.
Response to Limestone
On most experiment fields an application of 4 tons of limestone in
addition to either manure or crop residues was made when the field
was established. Subsequent applications were made at the rate of
2 tons an acre each four years thereafter until 1923, when all applica-
tions were discontinued, the plan being to make future applications
TABLE 22. — LIMESTONE: INFLUENCE ON CROP VALUES, DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS
AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS WHEN USED IN ADDITION TO EITHER
MANURE OR CROP RESIDUES, ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
(For four-year period ending in 1935)
Manure system
Residues system
Rank Field
Annual acre-
increases Change
Rank Field
Annual acre-
increases Change
Di- pro-
r™, gest- due-
value ible tivity
e nutri- levels
ents
Di- pro-
Crop ?*f - ?u.c-
value lble tlvlty
e nutri- levels
ents
1 Oblong
Ibs. perct.
$7.77 831 40.5
6.82 761 37.0
6.54 736 35.9
5.39 671 32.7
. 6.30 657 32.0
5.53 653 31.8
5.40 633 30.8
4.64 588 28.6
5.45 581 28.4
5.33 569 27.7
5.32 565 27.5
3.76 433 21.1
2.84 285 13.9
2.72 272 13.2
2.39 250 12.1
2.28 241 11.7
.97 201 9.8
1.07 158 7.7
1.14 148 7.3
.77 86 4.1
.35 84 4.1
-1.26 -101 -4.9
1 Lebanon
Ibs. perct.
37.45 685 41.7
7.11 671 40.8
6.23 585 35.6
4.73 445 27.1
4.69 443 26.9
6.21 443 26.9
4.76 408 24.8
3.65 376 22.9
4.47 376 22.9
3.81 350 21.3
3.96 342 20.8
2.66 316 19.2
3.73 307 18.7
2.94 292 17.8
2.36 288 17.5
2.31 274 16.7
1.92 164 9.9
1.20 163 9.9
1.57 159 9.7
1.00 111 6.8
.31 88 5.4
.32 47 2.8
.36 15 .9
2 Oquawka .
2 Oquawka
3 Ewing
4 Unionville. . . .
5 Elizabethtown.
6 Raleigh
3 Elizabethtown .
4 Raleigh
5 Oblong
6 Sparta
7 Enfield
7 Unionville
8 Aledo
8 Toledo
9 Lebanon .
9 Carlinville
10 Toledo
10 Sparta . .
1 1 Newton
11 Enfield
12 Clayton
12 Mt. Morris
13 Ewing
13 West Salem*. .
14 Carlinville. . . .
15 Carthage
14 Carthage
15 Clayton
16 Kewanee
16 Dixon
17 Aledo
17 West Salem8.. .
18 Antiochb . .
18 Mt. Morris. . .
19 Hartsburg. . . .
19 Newton
20 Dixon... .
20 Kewanee
21 Joliet
21 Hartsburg
22 Joliet
22 Minonk
23 Minonk
aln addition to light lime in 1912. bLimestone used in addition to RKbP.
186 BULLETIN No. 425
when needed. The total amount applied to date to the respective fields
ranges from 4 to 10 tons an acre, depending upon the age of the
field. On most fields the total application is equivalent to about 700 to
800 pounds annually.
The influence of limestone on soil productivity is probably in large
part indirect. Many soils will not grow legume crops such as red
clover, sweet clover, and alfalfa satisfactorily until limestone has been
applied. With a satisfactory growth of these legumes, especially when
all or a part of the growth is plowed under, striking improvements in
soil productivity are usually observed. Altho this increased productiv-
ity may result directly from the residues of the legume crops grown,
limestone must be given credit for making the increase possible.
Many of the fields which gave but little response to the residues
system of soil management (Table 21) are very greatly improved in
productivity after the application of limestone (Table 22). The degree
of such improvement appears to be related more or less directly to
the natural ability of the soil to grow satisfactory legume crops. The
more productive soils that naturally produce more or less satisfactory
legume crops give the least response to applications of limestone ;
those that naturally produce unsatisfactory legume crops give the
greatest responses. It is therefore to be expected that soils varying
widely in natural productivity will exhibit a wide range in response to
limestone.
These data indicate that some soils are in great need of limestone,
while others have not as yet developed any need for it. Such results
emphasize the fact that a definite soil-testing program is needed on
every farm. Directions for making the necessary tests are given in
Circular 346, "Test Your Soil for Acidity."
Response to Phosphate
On most Illinois soil experiment fields one ton of rock phosphate
an acre was applied when the field was established, and one ton was
further applied every four years thereafter until a total of 4 tons was
reached. On some fields bone phosphate was applied at the annual
rate of 200 pounds an acre until a total of 4,800 pounds was reached.
Including all the years of the experiments, rock phosphate has been
applied at the annual acre-rate of 350 to 400 pounds and bone phos-
phate at the rate of 150 pounds. The results obtained from this use of
the phosphates during the four-year period ending in 1935 are recorded
in Table 23.
More recently superphosphate has been applied on a number of
the fields in comparison with the above-mentioned carriers. For the
results of these experiments, see index on page 242.
In general, better responses to phosphate were obtained in the
residues system than in the manure system, probably because the
manure functions to some extent as a source of phosphorus. In both
1936~\
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
187
TABLE 23.— ROCK PHOSPHATE: INFLUENCE ON CROP VALUES, DIGESTIBLE
NUTRIENTS, AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS WHEN USED IN ADDITION
TO EITHER MANURE AND LIMESTONE OR CROP RESIDUES AND
LIMESTONE, ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
(For four-year period ending in 1935)
Manure
system
Residues system
Annual acre-
increases
Change
Annual acre-
increases
Change
Rank Field
Crop
value
Di-
gest-
nutri-
ents
pro-
tivity
levels
Rank Field
Di-
/-• erest-
Cr.op ible
value nutri-
ents
pro-
duc-
tivity
levels
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
22
Elizabethtown..
West Salem ....
Enfield.
32.86
2.37
1.71
1.40
1.39
1.79
1.05
1.17
.62
.94
.65
.71
.81
.49
.92
.23
.04
.04
.08
.94
.07
-.14
-.54
Ibs.
224
209
178
166
141
135
120
115
108
95
84
75
54
47
41
35
28
24
13
-15
-40
-54
perct.
10.9
10.2
8.7
8.1
6.9
6.6
5.9
5.6
5.3
4.6
4.1
3.7
2.6
2.3
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.2
.6
-.1
-.7
-1.9
-2.7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Bloomington8. .
Elizabethtown .
Antioch* . . .
J4.61
5.46
3.15
3.29
1.94
1.69
1.27
2 24
1^53
1.40
1.47
1.16
1.14
.58
1.05
.71
1.07
.18
.88
1.26
.48
.44
.24
-.45
Ibs.
633
468
356
263
179
146
140
127
124
108
107
105
71
68
65
60
56
55
50
42
39
19
7
-21
perct.
38.5
28.4
21.7
16.0
10.9
8.8
8.5
7.7
7.5
6.6
6.5
6.4
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.4
3.4
3.1
2.5
2.3
1.2
.5
-1.3
Ewing
West Salem . . .
Joliet
Clayton
Sparta
Raleigh
Joliet
Clayton
Unionville. . . .
Ewing
Newton
Unionville . . .
Oblong .
Enfield . ...
Kewanee . . .
Oblong . .
Raleigh . .
Carthage
Minonk
Oquawka
Mt. Morris. . . .
Kewanee ....
Toledo
Toledo
Carlinville. . .
Lebanon . .
Dixon
Sparta
Carthage . .
Dixon
Lebanon
Carlinville
Hartsburg
Newton. . .
McNabbb
Mt. Morris. . . .
Aledo
Minonk
Hartsburg. . . .
Aledo
Oquawka
"Bone phosphate. bNo limestone.
systems there are some fields that have given but little or no response
to phosphorus, probably because the soil has not yet become deficient
in available phosphorus, or because some other deficiency is of more
importance than the phosphorus deficiency.
The results indicate the desirability of testing the soil for available
phosphorus as described in Circular 421, "Testing Soil for Available
Phosphorus," before making plans to use phosphorus fertilizers exten-
sively.
Response to Potash
"The potash used in these experiments was applied at the annual
acre-rate of 200 pounds of kainit or 100 pounds of potassium sulfate
or potassium chlorid ahead of corn or wheat.
188
BULLETIN No. 425
[July,
TABLE 24. — POTASH: INFLUENCE ON CROP VALUES, DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS, AND
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS WHEN USED IN ADDITION TO RESIDUES,
LIMESTONE, AND PHOSPHATE," ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
(For four-year period ending in 1935)
Annual acre-increases
Change in
Rank
Field
Crop
value
Digestible
nutrients
soil produc-
tivity levels
1
Ewing
. $6.70
Ibs.
640
perct.
39.0
2
Toledo
.... 5 . 79
539
32.8
3
Newton
6.35
494
30.1
4
Oblong
4.88
455
27.7
5
Enfield
4.90
436
26.5
6
West Salem
4.56
409
24.9
7
Carlinville
... 2 . 54
240
14.6
8
Oquawka
2.27
229
13.9
9
Raleigh ... ...
2 97
209
12.8
10
Unionville
2.16
192
11.7
11
Dixon
2 . 20
187
11.4
12
Joliet
1.93
185
11.3
13
Sparta
2 . 02
162
9.9
14
Mt. Morris
1.21
122
7.4
15
Antiochb
1 40
121 '
7.4
16
Bloomingtonb
85
107
6.5
17
Aledo
75
74
4.5
18
Lebanon
41
68
4.1
19
Carthage
.. . -.18
24
1.5
70
Elizabethtown
.50
16
1.0
21
Clayton
09
11
.7
22
Minonk
08
-1
-.1
73
Hartsburg
-.61
-53
-3.2
24
Kewanee
....-1.14
-58
-3.5
"Potash, mostly kainit until 1932; since that time potassium chlorid. bResidual
potassium sulfate.
The data presented in Table 24 reveal that the more productive
soils have given little or no response to potash and that the less pro-
ductive soils have usually given good responses.
A careful study of all the experimental data indicates that the
favorable results for potash may have been influenced in part by the
accompanying treatments. The limestone - sweet-clover treatment
especially seems to have hastened the need for potash on some kinds of
soil. More detailed experiments have been started on the Ewing and
Toledo fields with respect to this problem. The reader is referred to
pages 212-214 and 234-237 for the results from these experiments.
Economic Considerations
Net Effects of Soil-Treatment Systems. — In the preceding tables of
this section the total increases resulting from the use of the respective
soil-treatment materials have been recorded. Another point of interest
concerns the net increases resulting from the respective treatment
materials after the costs of the materials have been accounted for (the
1936} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 189
fertilizer point of view, see page 149). In order that the reader may
have some notion of what the net increases have been that have
resulted from the use of soil-treatment materials on the Illinois soil
experiment fields, deductions for costs have been made for those
treatment combinations that have given the largest net increases on
the respective fields. These data are recorded in Table 25.
In general, the less productive soils have tended to give the largest
net acre-returns for the various systems of soil treatment. On these
soils the more complicated systems of treatment are needed, while on
the more productive soils the simpler systems of treatment have tended
to give the greater economic increases. The manure systems tend to
be more effective than the residues systems, tho some of the more
productive soils give larger net increases for the residues system (see
Aledo field).
Altho the net increases for the various systems of soil treatment
are of much interest, they are of less importance to the farmer than
the total acre-yields after the cost of the treatment has been deducted.
The importance of viewing the data from this standpoint is brought
out in Table 26.
Ranked by net values of total crop yields, the Illinois soil experi-
ment fields (Table 26) fall into quite a different order than when
arranged according to net value of crop increases. Even tho the net
increases for soil treatment may be considerably greater on the less
productive soils than on the more productive soils, the net total yields
produced on the more productive fields are much greater. On the
Aledo and Sparta fields, for instance, the net values of the increases
from soil treatment in the residues system are about the same — $5.21
and $4.97 respectively (Table 25) ; yet the total value of the crop
yields from the Aledo field is $24.52, while from the Sparta field it is
only $8.25 (Table 26).
These figures emphasize the fact that net total acre-production is
of much greater importance to a farmer than the increases that he
can obtain for any particular treatment.
Investment Returns From Soil-Treatment Systems. — The effect of
a soil treatment viewed even from the standpoint of the total net acre-
value realized after treatment costs are deducted is interesting but it
is not the final test of the worthwhileness of a treatment system to
the individual farmer, for a system may add substantially to the yields
of low-yielding land without enabling a farmer to reap a profit from
the farm as a whole when growing and marketing costs as well as
treatment costs have been deducted.
It is from this "farm point of view" that an individual farmer must
evaluate systems of soil treatment. It is not an easy one from which
to generalize in presenting soil-treatment data owing to the existence
of widely varying costs and prices. A moderate increase or decrease
190
BULLETIN No. 425
[July,
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192 BULLETIN No. 425 [July.
in crop prices may change completely the relative importance of any
system of soil treatment. Higher crop prices tend to bring the more
complicated, more expensive treatment systems into the profitable
class ; lower crop prices tend to emphasize the simpler systems.
In order, however, to give some notion of the practical farm value
of the respective systems of soil treatment used on the Illinois soil
experiment fields, the data in Table 27 have been calculated. These
figures are based on crop yields over the past four years. They repre-
sent the difference between gross crop values and the total costs of
growing and marketing as well as soil treatment. They represent that
portion of the gross crop values that must be used for taxes, interest,
repayment of principal and rewards for ownership and operation. For
the purpose of this study uniform growing and marketing costs were
used for all conditions as follows:
Growing costs Harvesting and
per acre marketing costs
Corn £8.00 6 cents a bushel
Oats 4.00 4 cents a bushel
Wheat 6.00 7 cents a bushel
Soybeans 8.00 10 cents a bushel
Hay 5.00 $3.00 a ton
Crop values and treatment costs were computed as explained on
page 148.
In studying these figures one must keep in mind that crop failures
due to hot, dry weather and chinch bugs were common in some sections
of the state during the past four years.
The more highly productive soils have given positive values and
the soils of low productivity have given losses, on the untreated land.
All fields show positive values for some system of soil treatment. The
character of the most effective system (italics} varies on the different
fields. In general, the simpler systems have given the best returns on
the most productive soils and the more complicated systems on the
less productive soils. For some fields the investment returns are of a
rather high order, while on others they are rather small. These data,
even at the comparatively low level of crop prices used, indicate the
need for attention to systems of soil treatment on Illinois soils.
If the reader wishes to think of these data in terms of land values,
he can do so by allowing for taxes and other charges and capitalizing
at any percentage rate he desires. Thus, if 1 percent is allowed for
taxes, 5 percent for interest, and 3 percent for retirement of principal,
or for operator or owner rewards (a total of 9 percent), the capitalized
value of the land may easily be determined by dividing the investment
returns by .09. For the best treatment on the Group I soils, this value
would be $161 an acre. If it is desired to capitalize only for interest
and taxes (6 percent), then the land value for the best treatment for
the Group I soils would rise to $242 an acre.
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
193
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BULLETIN No. 425
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1936] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 195
Most Effective Systems of Soil Treatment. — Practically every sys-
tem of soil treatment employed on the Illinois soil experiment fields
has proved the most effective on some field (Tables 25, 26 and 27).
On some fields the simplest systems have been the most effective; on
others the most complicated systems have given the best results. On
the gray, yellow, sandy, hilly, and other less productive soils, the
manure systems have usually proved of more value than the residues
systems ; while on the more productive dark soils the residues systems
have tended to be equally as or more effective than the manure sys-
tems.
The fact that no one system of soil treatment gives the best results
on all soils is emphasized by these results. A study of these fields by
rotation periods (data not presented here) reveals further that the
most effective system for any particular field changes from time to
time, tending to go from the simpler to the more complex. A clear
lesson from these data is that farmers must be constantly on the alert
if they are to make the most economic use of their soils.
Effect of Soil Treatment on Productivity Levels
Marked differences in the productivity levels of the untreated plots
on the twenty-five Illinois soil experiment fields are shown in Fig. 1
and by the data in Table 19. Whether the levels of the less productive
soils can be economically raised to those of the more productive soils
thru the use of suitable soil treatments is a question that is frequently
asked. The answer of these fields to this question at the present time
is shown in Fig. 2.
In this graph the productivity level of the untreated plots on each
field is represented by the shaded portion of the bar. The effectiveness
of soil treatment in raising these productivity levels is shown by the
unshaded portion of each bar, this unshaded portion representing, not
the gross increase in yields obtained by the most effective soil treat-
ment on each field, but the crop increase that is left after enough of
the additional yield has been subtracted to pay the cost of the treat-
ment.
Inspection of the chart shows that the soils which produce the low-
est yields without treatment are those that give the greatest increases
for treatment. With the less productive soils the increases attributable-
to treatment tend to be several times as large as the yields obtained
without treatment. On the more productive soils the yields from the
untreated land tend to be several times as great as the increases attribu-
table to treatment. On each field, however, there is at least one treat-
ment that has raised the productive level of the soil enough to pay for
itself.
Whether the crop-producing capacity of the less productive soils
can ever be brought up to the present productivity levels of the better
1%
Bri.i.ETix No. 425
soils seems doubtful. The gray and yellow soils after twenty-five
years have potential levels only about one-half the level of the better
untreated soils.
FIG. 1. — How THE PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS OF THE UNTREATED PLOTS ON
TWENTY-FIVE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS VARY
The untreated soil of these fields ranges in productivity from an index
of more than 100 at McNabb to less than 15 at West Salem. Long-time average
crop yields are the basis for these data. The yields from the untreated land
on the Aledo, Hartsburg, and Minonk fields, representing good corn-belt soils
and yielding 1,823 pounds of digestible nutrients an acre annually, are taken
as 100, and the productivity of each of the twenty-five fields is shown as a
icrcentagc of this average.
Relation of Soil Treatment to Crop Quality
Increases in yield do not measure all the benefits from soil treat-
ment; the quality of the crop may be so improved as to be a matter
of considerable importance also. Corn grown on some soils is drier
and better filled than that grown on other soils, and because of this
the shrinkage between field and market is much reduced.
Corn grown on some of these fields was of such quality that for
1936}
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXTERIMEXT FIELDS
197
every 100 bushels of ears husked (70 pounds to the bushel), there were
available for market 99.7 bushels containing 16.0 percent moisture,
which is the allowance for No. 2 shelled corn. Corn produced on other
fields was of such quality that only 77.9 bushels would be available for
market out of 100 bushels of ears husked. These figures are shown in
Table 28. Stated in another way, as little as 70.2 pounds of husked
ears from some fields and as much as 89.9 pounds from other fields
would be required to make a bushel of corn on this basis.
A detailed study of the quality of the corn from the untreated plots
on these fields shows interesting relations to soil conditions. In general
PRESENT PRODUCTIVITY
POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY
FIG. 2. — POSSIBILITIES OF RAISING THE PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS
OF ILLINOIS SOILS
The four years 1932 to 1935 furnish the data for the above charts. Aver-
age crop yields from the untreated plots on the Aledo, Hartsburg, and Minonk
fields, representing good corn-belt soils and yielding 2,052 pounds of digestible
nutrients an acre annually in the manure system and 1,644 pounds in the
residues system, are taken as 100 ; the present and potential levels of each field
are then figured as percentages of these figures. The index representing po-
tential productivity is calculated from the net acre-yield under the soil treat-
ment giving the largest yield after enough has been deducted to cover the cost
of the treatment.
198
BULLETIN No. 425
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CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
199
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200 BULLETIN No. 425 [July.
the better drained soils produced corn that showed the least shrinkage,
and the poorly drained soils corn that showed the greatest shrinkage.
Productivity levels do not seem to be consistently a factor in the
amount of shrinkage that takes place in a corn crop except as low
productivity is associated with poor drainage. Some of the soils of
low productivity (Groups XIV and XVI) but well drained grew corn
with little shrinkage. No highly productive soil, however, produced
corn with extremely high shrinkage.
With few exceptions, some system of soil treatment was effective
in reducing the shrinkage between field and market on every field. The
greatest reductions occurred of course on those fields where the shrink-
age on the untreated land was greatest. On some fields shrinkage was
reduced the equivalent of more than 14 bushels to every hundred
bushels husked. These facts emphasize in another way the importance
of employing the proper soil-treatment practices on Illinois soils.
PART III. LONG-TIME SUMMARIES OF CROP YIELDS
ON INDIVIDUAL FIELDS
LONG-TIME RECORDS for each of the major crops
grown on each of the soil experiment fields now operated by the
•H- Illinois Station are shown in this Part. These records, with few
exceptions, give average yields from the time the field was established
thru the crop season of 1935. Miscellaneous crops and crops sub-
stituted for failures are not included unless they were grown at least
four times.
In order to obtain a more complete and at the same time a more
condensed picture of the relative effectiveness of the different systems
of soil treatment used or of fertilizer material applied, each table
shows the yields of all crops grown in each system consolidated into
and expressed as total digestible nutrients (already explained on page
148). These data on total digestible nutrients account for every crop
grown each year on each field.
Yield indexes are also included, calculated from the yields of total
digestible nutrients. The indexes for the four-year period ending in
1935 are calculated from the same base figures as those for the entire
time the field has been under operation, and thus one can see at a
glance how the present behavior of the field compares with its long-
time performance. (The average long-time yields in the check plot in
the residues system is used as the base figure, 1.000, for all calcula-
tions in the residues system ; and the check plot in the manure system
is used similarly for the calculations in that system.)
1936}
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
201
TABLE 29. — ALEDO FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa;
Residues system — Corn, corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1910-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Corn
Treatment 1st yr.
systems 24
crops
Corn
2dyr.
12
crops
All crops
Oats
23
crops
Wheat
21
crops
Clover
9
crops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients
Yield index*
1910-
1935
1932-
1935
0
.- . . . 56
.1
8
1
0
.5
2
4
1
1
58.0
72.8
75.6
76.0
58.9
66.0
74.6
75.7
79.3
57.3
65.6
67.8
68.4
57.7
59.3
64.7
66.1
68.4
27. 5b
32. 5b
34. 7b
35. 8b
28.1
29.6
33.4
35.5
36.1
(2,
(2
(2,
(2,
(1
(1
(1.
(2.
(1,
.19)'
.57)'
,74)"
69) c
,87)
82)
82)
06)
,86)
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
982
409
614
635
795
942
144
211
248
1.000
1.215
1.319
1.329
1.000
1.082
1.194
1.232
1.252
1.158
1.490
1.591
1.571
1.022
1.187
1.396
1.400
1.441
M
68
ML
. ... 72
MLrP
. ... 72
0 . .
... 56
R
62
RL
.... 70
RLrP
72,
RLrPK
. ... 74
"The figures in these columns (yield index) indicate the number of pounds of
digestible nutrients produced on the various treated plots for every pound produced
on their respective untreated or control plots. The term "yield index" supersedes
the term "response index" used in Bulletin 402. bTwenty crops of wheat. "Ten
crops of clover.
(See page 202 for Table 30)
TABLE 31. — ALEDO FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER TESTS — BONE, SUPER, ROCK
AND SLAG PHOSPHATES USED
Present rotation: Corn, corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1916-1935 in bushels per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
9
crops
Oats
5
crops
Wheat
4
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
R. .
66.9
61.7
72.0
71.5
62.8
63.5
71.4
71.0
64.4
63.6
68.7
66.7
64.7
56.3
67.3
65.5
61.0
28.7
35.5
36.8
30.1
29.0
37.2
38.0
31.8
31.2
37.8
36.5
33.1
30.8
38.4
39.7
32.3
2 189
2 480
2 515
2 320
2 203
2 467
2 518
2 337
2 254
2 491
2 518
2 407
2 133
2 430
2 480
2 310
1.000
1.133
1.149
1.060
1.000
1.120
1.143
1.061
1.000
1.105
1.117
1.068
1.000
1.139
1.163
1.083
RbP
73.8
RLbP
74.9
RL
71.8
R
66.9
RsP
. ... 72.6
RLsP
74.6
RL
.... 71.3
R. . .
68 1
RrP
. ... 74.1
RLrP
76.5
RL
73 . 7
R. ..
64 9
R, slag P
.... 71.5
RL, slag P
73 . 6
RL
. ... 70.8
202
BULLETIN No. 425
TABLE 30. — ALEDO FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER TESTS" — ROCK, SUPER, AND
BONE PHOSPHATES USED WITH AND WITHOUT LIMESTONE
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, corn, oats, clover;
Residues system — Corn, corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1924-1935 in bushels per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
1st yr.
12
crops
Corn
2dyr.
12
crops
All crops
Oats
12
crops
Wheat
12
crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield index
1924- 1932-
1935 1935
Original treatment (west halves)
0 . .
54.3
58.0
55 8
26 5b
2 109
1.000
1.089
M
.. . 73.3
72.8
67 8
32. Ob
2 696
1.278
1.400
ML
76.8
75.6
69.3
36. 7h
2 901
1.376
1.496
MLrP
76.6
76.0
70.2
37. 2b
2 992
1.385
1.477
0 ..
51.8
58.9
54.8
26.1
1 868
1.000
.982
R
62.1
66 0
57 7
28 7
2 023
1.083
1.140
RL
.... 73.9
74.6
64.4
35.3
2 443
1.301
1.342
RLrP
.... 76.5
75.7
66.1
36.2
2 502
1.339
1.345
RLrPK
.... 78.6
79.3
68.8
38.7
2 609
1.397
1.385
0
.... 52.6
57.6
57.3
24.5
1 867
1.000
1.010
New treatment (east halves)
RL«..
60.9
64.3
52.4
29.9
2 055
1.100
1.198
MrP
.... 72.6
71.6
67.8
33. 8b
2 692
1.276
1.351
MLbP
.... 73.9
75.7
70.4
38. 2b
2 959
1.403
1.420
MLrP
.... 74.9
73.4
70.3
37. 4b
2 946
1.397
1.420
RsP..
58.0
62.4
58.5
31.3
2 061
1.103
1.099
RrP
.... 62.6
66.4
58.6
32.4
2 178
1.166
1.152
RLsP
.... 70.3
70.2
68.1
37.2
2 405
1.287
1.206
RLrP
.... 74.8
76.1
66.9
37.7
2 509
1.343
1.289
RLrPK
.... 75.0
79.4
68.6
38.3
2 576
1.379
1.327
RLrP
. ... 64.2
69.5
60.4
30.9
2 206
1.182
1.249
•Comparisons should be made between east and west halves. bAverage of 1 1
crops. cLight application of limestone.
(See page 201 for Table 31)
19361
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
203
TABLE 32. — ANTIOCH FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1902-1923 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
9
crops
Oats
5
crops
Clover
3
crops
Wheat
5
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
0
24.5
32.3
26.8
29.9
43.6
27.8
43.3
26.9
38.2
42.6
44.7
(1.33)
(1.26)
(1.45)
(1.61)
(1.21)
(1.13)
(1.22)
(1.51)
(1.00)
(1.28)
14.7
13.3
18.9
35.0
17.8
32.6
19.1
30.3
28.1
31.0
966
863
980
1 403
938
1 364
987
1 385
1 383
1 462
1.000
.893
1.014
1.452
.971
1.412
1.022
1.434
1.432
1.513
L
... 21.8
LR. .
22.5
LbP
... 30.9
LK
... 23.3
LRbP
... 34.1
LRK
... 25.4
LbPK
... 35.0
LRbPK. .
... 39.0
RbPK
... 38.8
TABLE 33.— ANTIOCH FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER TESTS— BONE AND
ROCK PHOSPHATES
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1924-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
3
crops
Oats
3
crops
Clover
3
crops
Wheat
3
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
1924-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
24.1
31.6
37.9
40.9
44.8
29.5
45.0
31.0
43.7
42.4
45.0
(1.52)
(2.65)
(2.23)
(2.79)
(2.62)
(2.33)
(1.80)
(2.80)
(2.34)
(2.13)
16.1
29.0
32.3
32.0
29.9
32.7
18.9
31.0
31.4
30.5
1 040
1 540
1 525
1 658
1 501
1 549
1 164
1 650
1 618
1 578
1.000
1.481
1.466
1.594
1.443
1.489
1.119
1.587
1.556
1.517
.688
.788
.950
.888
.875
.901
.816
.973
1.159
1.040
LrP
. 25.2
LRrP
. 29.0
LbP
. 25.8
LKrP
25.9
LRbP. .
26.1
LRK
. 26.0
LKbP
. 26.8
LRKbP
. 35.1
RKbP
. 35.7
204
BULLETIN No. 425
TABLE 34. — BLOOMINGTON FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1902-1923 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Corn
Oats
Wheat
Hay
All crc
»ps
Treatment
systems
10
crops
4
crops
4
crops
3
crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
0 . .
44.6
40.6
26.4
( -94)
1 508
1.000
L
... 41.5
44.7
24.1
( .80)
1 418
.940
LR
... 47.4
46.2
27.9
( .88)
1 597
1.059
LbP
... 55.8
54.3
45.7
(2.54)
2 224
1.475
LK
... 46.1
43.5
25.5
( .93)
1 543
1.023
LRbP .
60 6
66.0
49.7
(1.19)
2 209
1.465
LRK
... 48.6
46.8
27.4
( .82)
1 611
1.068
LbPK
. 60 9
57.2
44.4
(2.44)
2 319
1.538
LRbPK
. 64 2
63.1
50.4
( .81)
2 222
1.473
RbPK
... 58.8
52.8
49.2
( .83)
2 055
1.363
TABLE 35.— BLOOMINGTON FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER TESTS
Present rotation: Corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1924-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
4
crops
Wheat
2
crops
Oats
3
crops
Legume
hay
3
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield index
1924- 1932-
1935 1935
North halves
R. .
45.1
31.8
41.1
(1.16)
1 461
1.190
1 082
RLbP
. .. 49.4
41.9
44.4
(2.02)
1 849
1.506
1.292
RLrP
... 53.8
37.6
41.8
(1.76)
1 796
1.463
1.243
RLbP+
... 46.8
41.6
38.7
(1.68)
1 686
1.373
1.195
RLKrP
... 53.4
36.5
40.1
(1.64)
1 743
1.419
1.313
RLbP+ . .
52.3
41.9
45.2
(1.71)
1 816
1.479
1.305
RLKrP
... 59.3
38.5
45.1
(1.80)
1 917
1.561
1.478
RLKbP-|-
... 54.2
41.0
41.7
(1.83)
1 850
1.507
1.327
RLKbP+
... 58.1
43.0
42.7
(1-95)
1 961
1.597
1.326
RKbP
... 50.0
44.1
36.2
(1.70)
1 709
1.392
1.233
RrP
... 45.8
43.8
43.7
(1-70)
1 722
1.402
1.227
South halves
0 . .
34.0
20.2
39 6
(1 28)
1 228
I 000
912
RL
40.1
19.0
34.9
( -82)
1 161
.945
.879
RLsP
. ... 56.0
44.1
46.1
(1.24)
1 770
1.441
1.338
RLbP
54 . 2
40.4
44.1
(1-75)
1 836
1.495
1.285
RLKsP
56.8
44.1
47.9
(1.69)
1 909
1.555
1.451
RLbP. .
56.3
40.8
48.3
(1.80)
1 966
.601
1.362
RLKsP....
. ... 61.1
44.1
43.4
(1.83)
2 023
.647
1.490
RLKbP. .
. ... 56.6
37.5
45.3
(1.84)
1 879
.530
1.292
RLKbP. .
. ... 59.3
42.8
47.9
(1.94)
2 002
.630
1.363
RKbP. . .
.... 52.4
44.4
39.9
(1.58)
1 773
.444
1.322
RsP
. ... 50.6
46.8
42.6
(1.54)
1 774
.445
1.284
(+) Continued applications; residual on south half.
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
205
TABLE 36. — CARLINVILLE FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa
(Average crop yields 1910-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
A
11 crops
Treatment
Corn
Oats
76
Wheat
?0
Leg-
ume
hav
beans
Yield
index
crops
crops
crops
22
crops
crops
ible nu-
trients
1910-
1935
1932-
1935
0 .
29.2
32.7
17.5
(1.38)
(1.46)
1 047
1 000
954
M..
. 39.0
42.8
23 4
(1.80)
(1.70)
1 369
1 308
1 309
ML
. 45 6
48 5
30 3
(2 71)
(1 93)
1 749
1 670
1 570
MLrP . .
46 6
47 9
30 9
(2 87)
(1 98)
1 872
1 702
1 602
0 . .
30.3
35.1
19 6
(1.86)
14.4
1 084
1 000
9 10
R
33.3
39.3
19 0
(1.77)
15 8
1 114
1 028
875
RL
39 9
45.7
26 7
(2 51)
20 7
1 447
1 335
1 221
RLrP... .
42 2
46 5
29 8
(2 60)
21 1
1 536
1 417
1 268
RLrPK .
47 0
47 5
30 4
(2 75)
21 0
1 635
1 508
1 489
TABLE 37.— CARLINVILLE FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER AND
LIMESTONE — RATE TESTS
Present rotation: Corn, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1922-1935* in bushels per acre)
Treatment systems1"
\Yheat
5
crops
Corn
6
crops
Light limestone applications
LeL (1000) . .
11.0
39.0
LeL (4000)
11 2
37.6
LeL (2000)
11 5
39 3
LeL (2000), treble sP. .
22.4
37.4
LeL (2000), sP
19 8
43.8
LeL (2000), rP
21.9
39.9
L (2000), no clover
12.9
35.1
Heavy limestone applications
LeL (5000) . .
15.9
35.5
LeL (20,000)
20.5
35.5
LeL (10,000)
19.3
46.8
LeL (10,000), treble sP. .
33.0
41.5
LeL (10,000), sP
33.1
45.3
LeL (10,000), rP
27.1
42.0
L (10,000), no clover
12.2
33.6
"The crops substituted for crop failures are not accounted for in this table.
hFigures in parentheses denote the total amounts of limestone per acre applied since
1921.
206
BULLETIN No. 425
U«iy,
TABLE 38.— CARLINVILLE FIELD: MIXED-FERTILIZER TESTS
Present rotation: Corn, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1910-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment systems
Wheat
6
crops
Corn
5
crops
Le...
25.4
43.7
Le, 8-24-8
31.4
47.1
Le, 0-24-8
32.5
53.5
Le. ..
31.9
45.6
Le, 8-24-8
32.9
50.3
Le, 0-24-8
32.2
44.6
Le
28.9
46.4
TABLE 39. — CARTHAGE FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1911-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
23
Oats Wheat
23 20
All crops
crops crops crops
Digest-
ible nu-
Yield index
- 19n.
tnents
1932.
0 . .
34
4
34.6
19.5
n
8?)
(1.86)
1
333
1.000
.948
M
45
?
42.5
23.5
(?
77)
(2.12)
1
647
1.236
1.213
ML
. ... 53
.3
47.3
27.5
(2
.60)
(2.12)
1
880
1.410
1.400
MLrP
. ... 57
3
50.3
29.2
(2
.63)
(2-14)
1
974
1.481
1.418
0 . .
35
4
36.6
19.0
(i
S4)
20.7
1
180
1.000
1.018
R
49
0
40.2
20.5
d
31)
22.7
t
301
1.103
1.029
RL
. ... 57
.9
48.2
27.7
(1
.79)
22.1
1
586
1.344
1.276
RLrP
. . . . 59
.9
49.8
28.8
(2
.07)
23.9
1
692
1.434
1.365
RLrPK
. . . . 62
.4
50.6
32.3
(2
.24)
24.1
1
769
1.499
1.386
TABLE 40. — CARTHAGE FIELD: SWEET-CLOVER GREEN-MANURE TESTS —
REMOVING vs. NOT REMOVING FALL HAY CROPS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1931-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Corn
Oats
Wheat
Sweet-clover
Treatment systems
5
4 .
5
fall hay
crops
crops
crops
5 crops
RLrP (hay removed)
43.2
33.5
19.4
( .77)
RLrP, KC1 (hay removed)
. .. 49.8
30.5
19.7
(1.02)
RLrP, KC1 (hay not removed)
. .. 54.9
37.1
18.6
RLrP (hay not removed)
... 52.7
41.0
17.8
1936] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 207
TABLE 41.— CARTHAGE FIELD: SWEET-CLOVER GREEN-MANURE TESTS-
COMPARATIVE INFLUENCE OF FALL HAY REMOVAL ON FIRST
AND SECOND CROPS OF CORN
Rotation: Corn, corn, oats (Le)
(Average crop yields 1927-1930 in bushels per acre)
First-year corn Second-year corn
systems
Sweet clover
removed
Sweet clover
not removed
Sweet clover
removed
Sweet clover
not removed
RL
50 2
55 1
36 9
40 2
RLrP
49 6
55 7
36 9
43 9
RLrP,
gypsum
50.3
54.6
36.4
43.5
TABLE 42. — CARTHAGE FIELD: COMPARISON OF FERTILIZERS USED AS SUP
PLEMENTS TO SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS — ROCK PHOSPHATE, SUPER-
PHOSPHATE, AND MIXED FERTILIZER
Present rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1932-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Corn Oats dover- Whea.
Section A — No supplementary treatment
0 . .
35.8
33.2
(1.59)
17.3
1 264
1.000
M
47.3
38.9
(2.12)
18.3
1 616
1.278
ML
50.7
40.1
(2.38)
24.9
1 866
1.476
MLrP
52.9
42.6
(2.10)
25.1
1 890
1.495
0
38.5
34.8
(1.43)
17.6
1 201
1.000
R
48.1
36.1
(1 07)
18.5
1 214
1.011
RL
52.0
40.1
(1.53)
23.1
1 506
1.254
RLrP
52.9
40.5
(1.84)
25.2
1 611
1.341
RLrPK..
53.4
41.0
(2.06)
24.3
1 635
1.361
0
44.5
33.0
(1.89)
19.7
1 390
1.000
Section B — Rock phosphate
rP...
39 4
36 5
(1 93)
24 1
1 496
1.184
M+rP
46.6
34.1
(2.52)
22.6
1 724
1.364
ML +rP
48.1
37.4
(2.62)
27.0
1 897
1.501
MLrP + rP
50.4
38.4
(2.84)
26.0
1 953
1.545
rP...
. . . 38 0
35 1
(2 21)
23.1
1 435
1.195
R + rP
44.6
38.8
(1.69)
25.8
1 418
1.181
RL + rP
50.8
40.3
(2.08)
23.5
1 605
1.336
RLrP + rP
54.4
36.4
(2.05)
25.7
1 657
1.380
RLrPK + rP. .
54 . 2
39.9
(2.42)
27.7
1 755
1.461
rP
49.7
35.8
(2.28)
24.9
1 606
1.155
(Table 42 is concluded on page 208)
208
BULLETIN No. 425
[July,
TABLE 42.— CARTHAGE FIELD, Concluded
Treatment
systems
Corn Oats Clover* Wheat
£5"
Section C — Superphosphate
sP...
41.7
33.5
(1.83)
27.0
1 542
1.220
M +sP
46.3
35.7
(2.38)
28.1
1 773
1.403
ML + sP
48.6
39.3
(2.50)
29.5
1 931
1.528
MLrP + sP
49.5
39.5
(2-67)
27.6
1 951
1.544
sP. .
36.2
35.3
(2 . 10)
27.5
1 446
1.204
R + sP
41.0
38.7
(1.42)
26.5
1 329
1.107
RL + sP
51.3
41.1
(1.88)
27.2
1 626
1.354
RLrP + sP
50.6
35.6
(1.99)
26.9
1 622
1.351
RLrPK + sP. .
50.8
39.4
(2.23)
31.9
1 736
1.445
sP
45 . 8
37.6
(1.78)
27.0
1 500
1.079
Section D — Mixed fertilizer (2-12-6)
M.F..
43.1
36.7
(1.89)
28.2
1 620
1.282
M + M.F
47.8
37.1
(2.33)
29.8
1 823
1.442
ML + M.F
52.5
39.4
(2.19)
30.1
1 935
1.531
MLrP + M.F
52.1
45.0
(2.25)
29.9
1 964
1.554
M.F..
38.6
37.2
(1.83)
27.2
1 426
1.187
R + M.F
43.3
38.5
(1.21)
26.6
1 313
1.093
RL + M.F
49.6
42.7
(1.68)
27.8
1 580
1.316
RLrP + M.F
52.3
39.3
(1.85)
27.9
1 627
1.355
RLrPK + M.F
53.4
43.9
(2.03)
32.0
1 734
1.444
Mixed fertilizer
46.4
33.7
(2.11)
28.3
I 563
1.125
"Three crops only.
TABLE 43.— CLAYTON FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1911-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
23
crops
Oats
23
crops
All crops
Clover
17
crops
Wheat
21
crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
1911-
1935
1932«-
1935
0 . .
. 32.9
36.9
46.9
51.5
53.2
39.7
42.0
51.7
53.5
54.8
(1.45)
(2.06)
(2.70)
(2.78)
(1-59)
(1.37)
(1.89)
(2.13)
(2.29)
16.6
22.0
25.8
28.2
17.3
20.3
25.2
27.8
29.6
1 210
1 659
1 958
2 023
1 199
1 309
1 618
1 725
1 829
1.000
1.371
1.618
1.672
1.000
1.092
1.349
1.439
1.525
.784
1.219
1.577
1.693
.806
.801
1.041
1.158
1.167
M..
51.4
ML. .
58.8
MLrP
58 6
0 . .
. 35.0
R
. 44.8
RL
. 55 3
RLrP
56 3
RLrPK
. 60.8
"Drouth conditions during last rotation were severe.
1936] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIEU>S
TABLE 44.— CLAYTON FIELD: MIXED-FERTILIZER TESTS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1930-1935 in bushels per acre)
209
Treatment systems
Corn
6
crops
Oats
5
crops
Wheat
6
crops
RL, 5-15-5. .
22.1
44.0
46.3
RL
18.2
42.0
44.4
RL, 0-15-5
26 0
47.4
46 9
RL, 0-15-0
23.2
48.9
44.1
RL
19.8
41.6
43.8
RL, 0-0-5
19.6
50.1
49.8
RL. 0-0-50
20.8
47.0
49.8
TABLE 45. — DIXON FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1910-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment C£fn
systems cropg
Oats
23
crops
Clover
16
crops
Wheat
20
crops
S<
be
cr
All crops
Dy-
ans
5
ops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients
Yield index
1910-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
41.6
47.6
61.9
65.3
66.3
52.6
55.1
60.2
61.8
61.3
(1.
(2.
(2.
(2,
(1
(1
(1
(1
(2
73)
54)
67)
.77)
.56)
42)
.75)
.94)
.09)
21.7
28.5
31.2
33.4
22.7
25.1
28.4
31.6
33.0
(1.50)
(1.75)
(1.87)
(1.91)
(1.27)
(1.43)
(1.40)
(1.38)
(1.42)
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
494
046
182
249
436
526
660
795
888
1.000
1.369
1.461
1.505
1.000
1.063
1.156
1.250
1.315
1.064
1.637
1.694
1.713
1.068
1.012
1.203
1.241
1.371
M
. . 62.6
ML
. . 66 9
MLrP. . .
68 3
0 . .
45 . 2
R
. . . 52 5
RL . ..
59 9
RLrP .
60 6
RLrPK
. ... 66.2
210
BULLETIN No. 425
TABLE 46. — D1XON FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER TESTS* — ROCK, SUPER, AND
BONE PHOSPHATES USED WITH AND WITHOUT LIMESTONE
Present rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1924-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
12
crops
Oats
12
crops
Clover
10
crops
Wheat
12
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
1924-
1935
1932-
1935
Original treatment (south halves)
0 . .
50.4
43.2
59.8
64.9
64.1
47.7
49.4
57.4
58.7
58.4
42.8
(1.78)
(2.56)
(2.63)
(2.74)
(1.84)
(1.46)
(1.88)
(2.06)
(2.21)
(1.65)
23.3
31.1
33.8
34.8
23.9
26.5
30.7
32.8
34.2
21.8
1 602
2 283
2 424
2 450
1 582
1 590
1 890
1 972
2 106
1 483
1.000
1.408
1.513
1.529
1.000
1.005
1.195
1.247
1.331
1.000
.993
1.526
1.580
1.597
.969
.918
1.092
1.126
1.245
.933
M
. 72.4
ML
. 76.7
MLrP
. 76.8
0 . .
49.5
R
. 55.7
RL
. 65.0
RLrP
. 65.1
RLrPK . .
72.6
0
. 48.4
New treatment (north halves)
RL*>..
54.6
45.3
(1.31)
23.1
1 470
.929
.925
MrP
... 73.8
61.6
(2.53)
31.9
2 310
1.424
1.541
MLbP
... 74.3
65.4
(2.70)
33.8
2 434
1.519
1.607
MLrP +
... 74.8
65.6
(2.81)
33.9
2 445
1.526
1.610
RsP...
55.8
52.7
(1.39)
29.3
1 628
1.029
.988
RrP
... 61.3
53.7
(1.56)
30.9
1 745
1.103
1.066
RLsP
... 63.2
60.2
(1.88)
33.7
1 927
1.218
1.063
RLrP+
... 65.0
59.7
(2.07)
32.6
1 978
1.250
1.140
RLrP+K..
72.2
61.7
(2.21)
35.3
2 139
1.352
1.254
RLrPb
... 57.5
52.2
(1.62)
27.3
1 679
1.132
1.134
•Comparisons should be made between north and south halves. bLight applica-
tion of limestone.
TABLE 47. — DIXON FIELD: CROP- RESIDUES TESTS — GRAIN STRAWS, CORNSTALKS
BURNED AND NOT BURNED, AND SWEET CLOVER
Present rotation: Corn, oats, wheat (Le on certain plots)
(Average crop yields 1930-1935 in bushels per acre)
Treatment systems
Corn
6
crops
Oats
6
crops
Wheat
6
crops
L, all residues .
57 5
45 6
21.5
L, cornstalks and wheat straw
59.2
43.9
20.8
L, cornstalks
55.2
43.9
21.8
L, cornstalks burned (ash returned)
58.7
46.3
21.7
L, all residues, sweet clover
75.6
54.7
24.1
L, cornstalks, wheat straw, sweet clover
70.6
53 5
26.8
L, cornstalks, sweet clover
63 7
55.6
25.4
L, cornstalks burned (ash returned), sweet clover.. .
60.2
53.5
25.5
1936} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
TABLE 48.— ELIZABETHTOWN FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-
TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1918-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
211
Treatment
systems
Corn
17
crops
Wheat
after
corn
9
crops
Wheat
after
mixed
hay
3
crops
Mixed
hay
11
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
1918-
1935
1932-
1935
0»..
12.1
1.7
4.4
11.6
15.1
1.7
2.4
7.3
14.4
14.4
4.8
8.3
17.2
24.0
4.8
4.9
12.0
22.1
23.8
( -09)
( -26)
(1.08)
(1.57)
( -09)
( -14)
( -84)
(1.51)
(1.78)
318b
530
1 077
1 330
254
290
803
1 180
1 240
1.000
1.667
3.387
4.182
1.000
1.142
3.161
4.646
4.882
1.339
2.296
4.362
5.066
1.134
1.098
3.402
5.244
5.307
M
. 22.7
ML
. 38.8
MLrP
. 42.4
0
12.1
R
. 14.6
RL
. 33.8
RLrP
. 42.7
RLrPK
. 42.8
•Yields from check plot in residues system used for all comparisons because of
silting on the check plot in the manure system.
bDigestible nutrients are from check plot in residues system, with addition of
corn stover.
TABLE 49. — ENFIELD FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1912-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment C°™
systems
crops
Oats
23
crops
Leg-
ume
hav
22
Wheat
18
crops
Soy-
bean
hay
5
crops
All crops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients
Yield
index
1912-
1935
1932-
1935
0 ..
15,
8
1
5
8
2
3
9
.5
9
12.4
17.2
29.0
29.4
11.7
13.1
26.8
29.9
32.6
(
(1
(1
(
(1
(1
(1
.21)
.31)
.45)
.57)
.18)
.20)
.13)
.13)
.57)
6.6
9.9
22.2
24.8
7.6
8.5
19.1
23.7
26.8
(
(1
(1
(
(1
(1
(1
.43)
.59)
.28)
.33)
.36)
.36)
.04)
.09)
.12)
441
622
1 223
1 325
373
433
915
1 001
1 203
1.000
1.410
2.773
3.005
1.000
1.161
2.453
2.684
3.225
1.204
1.880
3.315
3.719
1.137
1.308
2.225
2.515
3.684
M
24.
ML
37.
MLrP
.... 39
0
16
R
19
RL
30
RLrP
32
RLrPK
. ... 39
212
BULLETIN No. 425
TABLE 50.— ENFIELD FIELD: LEGUME GREEN-MANURE TESTS-
CLOVER vs. RED CLOVER
Present rotation: Corn, wheat (Le either red or sweet clover)
(Average crop yields 1924-1935 in bushels per acre)
[July,
- SWEET
Treatment systems*
Corn
12
crops
Wheat
9
crops
L. .
19.8
6.7
L
22.3
8.6
L, rP, sP, sweet clover . .
24 0
13 8
L, rP, sP, red clover . .
23 1
15 3
L, rP, sweet clover
21.6
12.8
L, rP red clover
20.8
15.6
L, rP, sP, sweet clover
19.7
13.1
L, rP, sP, red clover
22.0
15.8
L, rP, sweet clover ... . . . .
18.0
12.9
L, rP, red clover
20.3
16.2
L, sweet clover
15.4
11.3
L, red clover
19.3
13.2
'Beginning with 1932 KC1 was added on all plots to the corn and wheat.
TABLE 51. — EWING FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1910-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment C°™
systems cropg
Oats
26
crops
Leg-
ume
hay
24
crops
Wheat
19
crops
S
b
1
cr
ov-
All
crops
ean
lay
9
ops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients
Yield
index
1910-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
10
.4
.3
.4
,8
,3
.8
.8
5
10.1
15.3
30.9
32.8
12.1
12.8
28.2
29.8
35.3
( -23)
( -26)
(1.27)
(1.46)
( -21)
( .20)
( -95)
( -99)
(1-27)
3.4
6.8
24.0
27.2
3.1
4.3
19.7
23.1
30.7
(1
(1
(1
(1
.43)
.56)
.22)
.31)
.38)
.37)
.98)
02)
.18)
329
571
1 263
1 352
304
312
815
878
1 256
1
1
3
4
1
1
2
2.
4.
.000
.736
.839
.109
.000
.026
.681
888
132
.997
2.015
4.252
4.757
.997
1.056
2.066
2.484
4.589
M.
23
ML
41
MLrP
42
0 . .
11
R
12
RL
23
RLrP
25.
RLrPK
.... 44.
1936]
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
213
TABLE 52. — EWING FIELD: POTASH-PROBLEM TESTS INVOLVING SUPPLEMENTARY
FERTILIZER COMBINATIONS, ORGANIC MATTER, AND MANAGEMENT FACTORS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1932-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
Oats
Mixed
hay8
All crops
\\heat Digestible yield
nutrients index
Section C — No supplementary treatment
0 . .
10.3
11.2
17.1
30.0
28.7
12.7
12.5
21.4
23.0
27.6
16.3
(0 )
(0 )
( .96)
(1.52)
( 0 )
(0 )
( .31)
( .52)
(1.14)
( 0 )
5.0
10.4
29.1 1
30.4 1
3.5
4.0
17.2
23.6
33.5 1
13.3
328
663
399
565
303
321
628
755
395
486
1.000
2.021
4.265
4.771
1.000
1.060
2.073
2.492
4.604
1.604b
M
... 28.7
ML
... 47.4
MLrP
... 52.2
0 . .
13.1
RL
... 15.3
RL
... 16.2
RLrP
... 21.3
RLrPK..
49.7
sP
... 17.7
Section
A — Superphosphate and potassium chlorid
sP, KC1..
14.2
16.5
20.2
31.8
30.0
18.3
23.4
28.1
29.8
32.2
20.0
(0 )
( 0 )
(1.85)
(1.67)
( 0 )
(1.01)
(1.06)
(1.31)
(2.06)
( 0 )
15.5
19.0
34.0 1
33.0 1
16.1
32.6 1
32.5 1
33.3 1
34.7 1
16.9
530
743
647
567
579
178
268
361
551
597
1.616
2.265
5.021
4.777
1.911
3.888
4.185
4.492
5.119
1.970=
M + sP, KC1
... 25.0
ML + sP, KC1
... 47.3
MLrP + sP, KCl
. . 45 . 8
sP, KCl..
21.2
RL + sP, KCl
... 36.6
RL + sP, KCl
... 40 4
RLrP + sP, KCl
... 42.9
RLrPK + sP, KCl. .
... 44.7
sP, KCl
... 21.8
Section B — Potassium chlorid
KCl. .
14.1
12.2
17.6
31.7
29.0
13.1
21.2
23.7
25.3
28.7
14.2
( o )
(0 )
(1.55)
(1.68)
( 0 )
( -85)
( -80)
(1.69)
(1.34)
( 0 )
8.1
13.3
32.5
33.8
8.4
24.9
25.4
29.9
33.9 1
10.0
395
714
636
649
428
064
082
321
420
470
1.204
2.177
4.988
5.027
1.413
3.512
3.571
4.360
4.686
1.551b
M + KCl
... 29 8
ML + KCl
... 52 4
MLrP + KCl
52 3
KCl..
18.9
R + KCl
... 38 1
RL + KCl
... 38 1
RLrP + KCl .
41 7
RLrPK + KCl . .
... 47.9
KCl
... 21.1
(Table 52 is concluded on page 214)
214
BULLETIN No. 425
TABLE 52.— EWING FIELD, Concluded
Treatment
systems
Mixed
All crops
Corn Oats hay. Wheat Digestible Yield
nutrients index
Section D — Miscellaneous treatments
NaNO,..
10.3
13.7
(0 )
3.9
317
.966
M«
18.8
16.0
(0 )
9.4
514
1.567
M'L
34 . 1
26.2
( -62)
27.3
1 110
3.384
M'LrP
34 . 9
27.7
( -75)
29.7
1 189
3.625
NaNO,, KC1..
20.2
13.6
( 0 )
8.5
460
1.518
RL
30.4
21.3
( .61)
19.3
851
2.809
RL (no. sw. cl.)
19.3
24.0
( -67)
22.1
807
2.663
RLrP, straw
.... 44.6
27.2
(1.02)
27.2
1 237
4.083
RLrP, Kd. .
39.0
28.4
( .92)
28.8
1 173
3.871
NaNO,, sP, KC1
.... 22.4
19.5
(0 )
19.0
627
2.069b
•Average of three years. bResidues check plot in Section C used as check.
"Residual manure. dResidual kainit.
TABLE 53. — HARTSBURG FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa;
Residues system — Corn, corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1911-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Corn
Treatment 1st yr.
systems 23
crops
Corn
2dyr.
12
crops
Oats
25
crops
Wheat
22
crops
Leg-
All crops
ume
hay Digest-
8 ible nu-
crops trients
Yield
index
1911-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
43
0
,2
,2
,2
,9
6
8
6
,7
48.
59
63
61
51
57
63
64
62
,7
,3
7
,8
,5
,7
6
,2
7
45.9
51.4
56.2
55.5
45.5-
51.6
49.1
51.6
51.9
24.1"
28.6"
33. 9"
35. 3»
27.1
30.1
27.9
32.0
32.1
(2.03)b
(2.58)b
(2.67)b
(2.74)b
(1.66)
(2.00)
(1.99)
(2.04)
(1-99)
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
851
208
410
448
754
033
066
177
188
1.000
1.193
1.302
1.323
1.000
1.159
1.178
1.241
1.247
.991
1.345
1.425
1.396
.953
1.106
1.156
1.180
1.150
M
55
ML
63
MLrP
62
0 . .
47
R
62
RL
66
RLrP
66
RLrPK
. ... 63
'Average of 21 crops. bAverage of 9 crops.
1936}
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
215
TABLE 54. — HARTSBURG FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER TESTS" — ROCK, SUPER,
AND BONE PHOSPHATES USED WITH AND WITHOUT LIMESTONE
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa;
Residues system — Corn, corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1924-1935 in bushels per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
1st yr.
12
crops
Corn
2dyr.
12
crops
All crops
Oats
12
crops
Wheat
11
crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield index
1924- 1932-
1935 1935
Original treatment (west halves)
0 . .
43.3
48.7
43.0
23. lb
1 785
1.000
1.027
M
... 57.9
59 3
50 6
28 8b
2 283
1.279
1.395
ML
.... 67.0
63.7
52.6
31. 7b
2 505
1.403
1.478
MLrP
65 . 6
61.8
52.1
33. 7b
2 471
1.384
1.448
0
46.9
51.5
44.3
23.9
1 647
1.000
1.015
R
66 6
57 7
47 2
28.2
2 004
1 217
1.178
RL
70.0
63.6
46.1
25.8
2 071
1.257
1.231
RLrP
.... 71.6
64.2
45.6
30.4
2 148
1.304
1.257
RLrPK..
66.9
62.7
46.7
31.3
2 100
1.275
1.225
0
.... 51.3
51.7
43.8
26.0
1 721
1.000
.987
New treatment (east halves)
RLC
58.5
52.5
43.7
24.8
1 813
1.101
1.126
MrP
. ... 58.4
59.6
51.7
32. 8b
2 340
1.311
1.387
MLbP
. ... 66.6
63.1
52.8
34. 6b
2 503
1.402
1.478
MLrP-f
. ... 65.5
65.6
52.9
35. 9b
2 522
1.413
1.440
RsP..
63.7
56.9
48.5
31.5
2 015
1.223
1.233
RrP
. ... 68.0
61.0
52.3
34.6
2 157
1.310
1.276
RLsP
. ... 69.7
63.2
50.7
35.1
2 202
1.337
1.293
RLrP+
. ... 70.4
63.7
50.9
32.9
2 188
1.328
1.289
RLrPK
66.8
63.1
49.2
32.0
2 126
1.291
1.233
RLrP"
.... 61.0
51.3
46.2
30.1
1 991
1.157
1.111
Comparisons should be made between east and west halves,
crops. cLight application of limestone.
bAverage of 10
216
BULLETIN No. 425
[/H/V,
TABLE 55.— HARTSBURG FIELD: COMPARISON OF FERTILIZERS USED AS
SUPPLEMENTS TO SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa
(Average crop yields 1932-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Corn
Oats
Wheat
Clover-alfalfa
Treatment
systems
Supplementary Supplementary Supplementary Supplementary
treatment treatment treatment treatment
None With None With None With None With
Treble superphosphate 0-45-0
0 . .
51
8
ss
1
64 7
54 7
24.5
30.0
(1
1?)
(1.37)
M
.... 53.
6
S7
5
56.6
60.6
19.7
36.5
(1
77)
(2.03)
ML
.... 57.
6
57.
,3
62.5
63.8
23.3
36.3
(2.
81)
(2.78)
MLrP
.... 54
.8
54.
,5
60.9
61.6
24.7
35.2
(3.
39)
(2.87)
0 . .
55
6
58
4
60 3
64.4
20.0
33 7
(1
S7)
(1.61)
R. .
64
5
6?
0
68 1
67 5
17 8
35 2
(1
S8)
(1.69)
RL
.... 66
8
69
,5
57.5
52.5
25.8
30.3
(2.
64)
(3.12)
RLrP
.... 68
.3
67.
,9
64.1
66.3
22.7
31.8
(3,
13)
(3 . 68)
RLrPK..
... 64
.7
70
,1
65.0
66.3
22.7
30.5
(3.
82)
(4.18)
0
.... 51
.8
55
.7
60.9
58.8
18.8
30.5
(2.
23)
(1.57)
Mixed fertilizer 2-12-6
M..
53
6
S9
5
57.5
57.5
21 0
31 5
(1
78)
(1.46)
ML
53
ft
S7
<)
56 9
61 3
16 7
30 8
C?
S8)
(3.21)
MLrP
52
0
S4
4
62 8
63 4
22 2
33 3
C?
9S)
(3 . 14)
MrP
39
7
4S
,7
67 8
66 3
28 2
32 3
(|
81)
(1 76)
0
34
8
40
9
63.8
55.9
19.0
26.5
a
.53)
(1.32)
1936]
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
217
Ed ^
(fl "t3
«x iS
</! rt .--.
g i 6
§ 5 2
S "o t)
< - a
S|l
H •€ o
s i-s
<: g 10
& -PS
Q 5 »
i— 1 u -a
W c".-«
" o '>>
U a
H o
U c b
^ o
.8 «
VO S
10 I
3 1
CQ —
H
«
£ e
Q c
<~z~ p
o
a
3OOOO lO^^^'-" CM
o O CM o oo
O "I O t— t^ O «*> '
CM Tf VO 00 O -* CM '
^- CM ^ CM
OOf^iOO t^OO*O Ov
X ~: "". — OO O »— i — < —
»- 1 CM CM ^ ^H
O OOO«O >O
O CM OO CM OO
OOOOO CM
JJ J
g
218
BULLETIN No. 425
[July,
TABLE 57. — JOLIET FIELD: LEGUME AND SOIL-TREATMENT COMBINATION
TEST — RED CLOVER vs. ALFALFA IN ROTATION
Present rotation: Corn, barley, wheat, legume (clover or alfalfa)
(Average crop yields 1924-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
12
crops
Barley
10
crops
Leg-
All crops
Wheat
11
crops
ume
hay
10
crops
Yield index
ible nu- 1924-
trients 1935
1932-
1935
RL, red clover
30.0
37.4
41.9
36.9
36.4
39.7
40.3
42.5
36.6
35.0
27
31
33
27
28
33
33
34
28
28
4
3
3
7
2
9
7
2
1
4
17
22
22
18
18
24
23
23
19
21
8
5
4
3
7
0
5
7
7
1
(
(
(
(1
(1
(1
(1
(
.61)
.97)
.98)
71)
.78)
43)
63)
66)
13)
93)
983
1 239
1 306
1 094
1 107
1 402
1 436
1 465
1 300
1 146
.899
.133
.194
.000
.966
.223
.253
.278
1.134
1.000
.589
.830
.857
.633
.655
.884
.899
.928
.804
.685
RLrP, red clover
RLrP, gypsum, red clover
RL, red clover
RL, alfalfa
RLrP, alfalfa
RLrPL, alfalfa
RLrP, KC1, alfalfa..
RL, KC1. alfalfa..
RL, alfalfa
TABLE 58.— JOLIET FIELD: PHOSPHATE TESTS
(Average crop yields per acre 1910-1935 in bushels or (tons) )'
Treatments
Wheat
4 crops
Buck-
wheat
1 crop
Red-
clover
1 crop
Alfalfa
1 crop
Digest- Yield
ibleb index
nutrients 7
7 crops crops
Rock phosphate of different finenesses (total acre-application, 1,500 pounds)
None
19
1
11
s
(?
83)
(2 40)
1 353
1.000
99%
thru
100-mesh
25
1
IS
8
n
88)
(3.49)
1 855
1.371
91%
thru
100-mesh
24
17
6
(4
11)
(3 22)
1 837
1.358
87%
thru
100-mesh
24
S
17
6
(4
08)
(3 59)
1 891
1 398
62%
thru
100-mesh
. .. 24
5
15
.5
(3
71)
(3.60)
1 828
1.351
Rock phosphate applied at different rates
None
19 1
12 3
(2 86)
(2 26)
1 341
1.000
500 pounds per acre . .
20 5
13 9
(3 50)
(2 38)
1 501
1.119
1,000 pounds per acre. . . .
. . 24.3
16.2
(3.93)
(2.90)
1 756
1.309
2,000 pounds per acre. . . .
. . 26.4
17.3
(3.82)
(3.48)
1 887
1.407
4.000 pounds per acre. . . .
. . 27.0
15.8
(3.84)
(3.84)
1 952
1.456
Phosphate carriers applied in amounts representing approximately money values
None
15 7
9 9
(2 76)
(2 32)
1 231
1.000
Rock (1,892 pounds)6
. . 20.6
16.7
(3.64)
(3.31)
1 673
1.359
Bone (984 pounds)
. . 22.2
14.4
(3 . 75)
(3.14)
1 698
1.379
Super (698 pounds)
Treble (510 pounds)
. . 25.0
. . 26.9
14.8
16.1
(3.94)
(3.77)
(2.90)
(3.00)
1 771
1 818
1.439
1.477
•Average of 5 replicates. bWheat failed in 1934. 'Total amounts applied.
1936}
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
219
TABLE 59.— KEWANEE FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, oats, clover, wheat;
Residues system — Corn, corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1915-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
All crops
Treatment
systems
Corn
19
crops
Oats
19
crops
Clover
17
crops
Wheat
16
crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield index
1915- 1932-
crops
crops
crops
crops
nutrients
1915-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
55.9
55.0
(1.55)
28.1
1 773
1.000
.972
M
69.7
66.9
(2.21)
32.4
2 197
1.239
1.262
ML
74.3
68.6
(2.37)
35.3
2 332
1.315
1.398
MLrP
75.3
67.6
(2.53)
39.7
2 457
1.386
1.446
0 . .
56.4
56.8
(1.69)a
29.0
1 746
1.000
1.117
R
61.8
56.0
(1.38)a
31.5
1 784
1.022
1.274
RL
69.0
59.3
(1.62)a
34.4
1 955
1.120
1.338
RLrP
...... 71.9
64.9
(1.86)a
39.8
2 113
1.210
1.377
RLrPK....
73.6
66.1
(1.92)a
40.9
2 171
1.243
1.344
a Average of 14 crops.
TABLE 60. — KEWANEE FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER TESTS — ROCK vs. SUPER
PHOSPHATE WrITH AND WITHOUT LIMESTONE
Present rotation: Corn, corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1922-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
14
crops
Oats
14
crops
Wheat
13
crops
Clover
11
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
R»
63 2
55.7
66.1
67.9
67.3
69.2
29.4
40.8
42 .1
38.7
44.1
(1.35)
(2.51)
(2.44)
(2.47)
(2.49)
1 817
2 394
2 390
2 395
2 455
1.000
1.318
1.315
1.318
1.351
RrP..
75.2
RsP
... 74.1
RLrP
76 7
RLsP
... 76.6
"Check plot n main residues system used for comparisons
220 BULLETIN No. 425 [/H/V,
TABLE 61.— KEWANEE FIELD: PHOSPHATE TESTS
(Average crop yields 1928-1935" in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatments
Oats
1
crop
Wheat
3
crops
Red
clover
2
crops
Alfalfa
1
crop
Digest-
ible15
nutrients
7 crops
Yield
index
7
crops
Rock phosphate of different finenesses (total acre-application, 1,500 pounds)
None
74.7
82.1
76.4
74.8
76.4
25.9
36.5
35.2
36.7
33.0
(3.72)
(4.54)
(4.32)
(4.60)
(4.42)
(2.00)
(2.16)
(2.25)
(2.25)
(1.79)
2 191
2 704
2 606
2 717
2 523
1.000
1.234
1.189
1.240
1.152
99% thru 100-mesh
91% thru 100-mesh
82% thru 100-mesh
62% thru 100-mesh
Rock phosphate applied
at different rates
None
70.7
80.6
78.7
76.5
76.4
26.9
32.8
36.8
40.7
41.9
(3.30)
(3.66)
(3.95)
(4.25)
(4.21)
(2.30)
(2.34)
(2.50)
(2.61)
(2.63)
2 113
2 382
2 570
2 750
2 766
1.000
1.127
1.216
1.301
1.309
500 pounds per acre
1 ,000 pounds per acre
2,000 pounds per acre
4,000 pounds per acre
Phosphate carriers applied
in amounts representing
approximately money
values
None
71.0
78.1
77.0
75.9
81.9
26.0
37.7
36.2
38.2
36.9
(3.06)
(4.01)
(3.76)
(3.58)
(3.60)
(2.57)
(2.65)
(2.92)
(2.72)
(2.65)
2 062
2 626
2 555
2 510
2 501
1.000
1.274
1.239
1.217
1.213
Rock (1,892 pounds)0
Bone (984 pounds)
Super (698 pounds)
Treble (510) pounds)
"Average of 5 replicates. b\Vheat failed in 1934. "Total amounts applied.
1936]
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
221
TABLE 62.— KEWANEE FIELD: PHOSPHATE TESTS
Crop: Continuous winter wheat
(Average crop yields 1932-1935* in bushels per acre)
Treatments
Wheat
1932
Wheat
1933
Wheat
1935
average
Rock phosphate of different finenesses (total acre-application, 150 pounds)
None
42.8
22.6
11.4
25.6
99% thru 100-mesh (A)
47.6
25.8
20.3
31.2
99% thru 100-mesh (B)
46.0
24.6
23.5
31.4
91% thru 100-mesh
44.8
22.6
17.8
28 4
82% thru 100-mesh
45.9
24.4
22.4
30 9
62% thru 100-mesh
43.7
25.5
22 7
30 6
Finely ground limestone
42.4
23.4
8.6
24.8
Pure chemical carriers (10 pounds elemental phosphorus annually)
None
15. 9C
24.4
12.2
17.5
Finely ground limestone
16.0
22.8
10.6
16 5
Monocalcium phosphate
16.9
35.0
36.3
29 4
Dicalcium phosphate
. .. 17.1
32 6
30 6
26 8
Tricalcium phosphate
17 5
32 6
34 7
28 3
Monomagnesium phosphate .
17 6
36 5
28 5
27 5
Monosodium phosphate
16.4
32.3
33.5
27.4
Monoammonium phosphate
18.0
33.9
32.3
28.1
•Average of 5 replicates,
following plots.
bWheat failed in 1934. 'Spring wheat on this and
TABLE 63. — LEBANON FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa
(Average crop yields 1910-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment Co™
systems crops
Oats
16
crops
Wheat
30
crops
Leg-
ume
hay
12
crops
Soy-
All crops
bean
hay
9
crops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients
Yield
index
1910-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
21
.4
.0
.2
.5
.0
0
3
.8
.9
31.4
41.3
46.6
44.9
28.1
32.7
48.6
49.4
54.3
31.6
41.4
45.5
44.3
35.8
37.8
48.6
48.5
51.2
(1
(2
(3
(3
(1
(1
(2
(2.
(2
.83)
.63)
.69)
.87)
.57)
.52)
.50)
67)
.75)
(1.12)
(1.58)
(1-81)
(1.86)
(1.26)
(1.32)
(1.45)
(1.52)
(1.71)
1 299
1 705
2 033
2 028
1 150
1 256
1 650
1 712
1 808
1.000
1.313
1 .565
1.561
1.000
1.092
1.435
1.489
1.572
1.062
1.520
1.968
1.978
1.377
1.397
1.993
2.045
2.104
M
26
ML
30
MLrP
31
0
22
R
23
RL
29
RLrP
29
RLrPK
. ... 29
222 BULLETIN No. 425 [/
TABLE 64. — LEBANON FIELD: COMPARISON OF FERTILIZERS USED AS
SUPPLEMENTS TO SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa
(Average crop yields 1932-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
Oats
Wheat
Hay
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield,
index
Section A — No supplementary treatment
0 ..
48.6
40.8
54.8
58.2
57.6
51.5
50.0
58.7
61.3
62.8
52.9
26.5
33.2
35.7
35.2
27.2
29.3
34.4
31.9
34.1
27.7
( .76)
(2.00)
(4.20)
(4.38)
(1.87)
(1.60)
(3.14)
(3.49)
(3.38)
(2.02)
1 380
1 975
2 556
2 569
1 583
1 607
2 292
2 352
2 420
1 687
.000
.431
.852
.862
.000
.015
.448
1.486
1.529
1.000
M
56.8
ML
53.2
MLrP
51.8
0
43.0
R
49.9
RL
56.4
RLrP
55.1
RLrPK . .
60.7
0
47.7
Section
B— Rock
phosphate
rP. .,
45.0
40.1
58.1
60.4
56.5
50.5
48.2
56.9
57.8
63.4
56.0
27.8
35.5
35.5
35.4
29.1
29.8
32.4
35.2
35.5
30.1
( .68)
(2.40)
(4.23)
(4.47)
(1.99)
(1.93)
(3.30)
(3.52)
(3.37)
(2.48)
1 334
2 090
2 513
2 558
1 630
1 660
2 216
2 355
2 431
1 892
.967
1.514
1.821
1.854
1.030
1.049
1.400
1.488
1.536
1.122
M + rP
53.4
ML + rP
48.7
MLrP + rP
49.1
rP. ..
43.0
R + rP
47.2
RL + rP
49.1
RLrP + rP
52.8
RLrPK + rP. .
60.0
rP
51.2
1936] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 223
TABLE 64.— LEBANON FIELD, Concluded
Treatment
systems
All crops
Corn
Oats
Wheat
Hay
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
Section
C — Superphosphate
sP .
39.1
36.4
56.0
59.4
56.3
47.5
46.8
57.6
59.0
65.2
53.8
27.6
32.1
33.8
33.6
31.1
32.2
32.8
34.4
37.3
29.4
( -76)
(2.47)
(4.35)
(4.70)
(2.02)
(1.61)
(3.24)
(3.50)
(3.39)
(2.54)
1 262
2 044
2 493
2 509
1 613
1 591
2 198
2 290
2 397
1 917
.914
1.481
1.807
1.818
1.019
1.005
1.389
1.447
1.514
1.136
M + sP
53.0
ML + sP . . .
46.1
MLrP + sP
42 5
sP
40.0
R + sP .
46.7
RL + sP
. 48.1
RLrP + sP
47 8
RLrPK + sP
53.9
sP
53.8
Section D —
Mixed fertilizer (2-12-6)
M.F..
41.8
37.9
53.0
53.0
54.7
46.1
43.1
56.4
60.7
65.0
47.5
26.7
32.3
31.6
32.0
30.7
31.8
33.4
33.1
34.6
31.0
( .98)
(2.65)
(4.60)
(4.64)
(1-79)
(1.58)
(3.33)
(3.52)
(3.51)
(2.50)
1 352
2 098
2 588
2 537
1 588
1 599
2 274
2 314
2 370
1 902
.980
1.520
1.875
1.838
1.003
1.010
1.437
1.462
1.497
1.127
M + M.F
54.4
ML + M.F
52.7
MLrP + M.F
46.8
M.F..
44.4
R + M.F
50.4
RL + M.F
52.6
RLrP + M.F
48.8
RLrPK + M.F. .
51.4
M.F
54.8
224
BULLETIN Xo. 425
TABLE 65. — LEBANON FIELD: SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR POTATO ROTATION
Present rotation: Potatoes, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1925-1935 in bushels per acre)
Treatment systems
Potatoes
11
crops
Wheat
10
crops
LeM..
63 4
33 0
LesP
68.3
34.1
LerP
59.8
34.4
LesPK. . . .
61.3
34.8
LerPK
60.2
34.4
Le, straw
107 4
32 2
LesP, straw
128.1
33.4
LerP, straw
126.5
32.3
Le, treble superphosphate
63.9
34.6
Le, potassium phosphate
72.2
31.3
TABLE 66. — McNABB FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover
(Average crop yields 1907-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
27
crops
Oats
26
crops
Wheat
25
crops
Legume
hay
25
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
1907-
1935
1932-
1935
R. .
67.7
60.4
65.6
63.3
66.8
63.9
61.6
31.6
34.7
33.3
35. 6»
33. 9«
30.9
(1.73)-
(1.76)-
(2.49)«
(2.70)
(2.57)
(2.35)
2 363
2 366
2 498
2 083
1 915
2 049
.946
.947
1.000
1.017
.935
1.000
.797
.865
.847
1.290
1.291
1.189
RrP
73.4
0
. 70.6
MrP. . .
74.6
M
. 71.2
0
. 69.3
•Average of 24 crops.
1936]
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
225
TABLE 67. — MINONK FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa;
Residues system — Corn, corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1910-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Corn
Treatment 1st yr.
systems 23
crops
Corn
2dyr.
11
crops
Oats
23
crops
Leg-
All crops
Wheat
21
crops
ume
hay
9
crops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients
Yield
index
1910-
1935
1932-
1935
0 ..
49
.4
.9
,2
,4
,0
.8
,3
,9
3
50.6
57.5
55.8
55.1
46.8
58.4
58.6
57.9
56.0
55.9
58.4
56.4
55.4
52.4
57.6
57.7
58.3
58.6
29.9"
33.2"
31.5"
33. Oa
28.3
31.0
28.5
30.4
30.1
(2.
(2
(2,
(2
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
,50)b
,79)b
72)b
81)b
.68)
.75)
69)
69)
59)
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
965
205
190
197
591
816
806
839
789
1.000
1. 122
1.114
1.118
1.000
1.141
1.135
1.156
1.124
1.032
1.174
1.123
1.150
.897
1.062
1.072
1.084
1.083
M
. . . . 59
ML
61
MLrP
61
0
. . . . 49
R . . . .
58
RL
61
RLrP
61
RLrPK
... 60
a Average of 19 crops. b Average of 11 crops.
TABLE 68. — MINONK FIELD: NITROGEN FERTILIZER TESTS — SODIUM NITRATE
AND AMMONIUM SULFATE COMBINATIONS APPLIED AS SUPPLEMENTS TO
SYSTEMS OF SOIL TREATMENT
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa;
Residues system — Corn, corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1928-1935 in bushels per acre)
Treatment
systems
Increases for nitrogen* fertilizers
Corn
1st year
7 crops
Corn
2d year
5 crops
Oats
5
crops
Wheat
8
crops
0 ..
2.4
-.9
-.8
4.3
-.7
1.0
.1
3.4
1.1
3.2
1.2
3.2
-1.0
1.0
2.5
3.5
.9
3.2
1.2
3.3b
4.5»
4.2b
5.1b
4.6
2.3
2.1
.7
1.7
M
2.9
ML
.2
MLrP
.9
0 . .
1.2
R
.5
RL
.0
RLrP
-.5
RLrPK
1.0
•Nitrogen applied to corn and wheat in the form of ammonium sulfate and sodium
nitrate. bSix crops.
226
BULLETIN No. 425
[July,
TABLE 69.— MT. MORRIS FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, oats, clover, wheat;
Residues system — Corn, corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1910-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
A
11 crops
Treatment
Corn
23
Oats
23
Clover
15
V\ heat
21
Yield
index
crops
crops
crops
crops
nutrients
1910-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
47.5
53.9
(1 . 74)*
20.4
1 641
1.000
.874
M
. 63.8
63.4
(2.29)»
24.8
2 045
1.246
1.237
ML
. 69.6
67.2
(2.76)»
30.0
2 248
1.370
1.333
MLrP
69.0
67.8
(2.68)-
31.1
2 243
1.367
1.324
0 . .
45.1
49.3
(1.63)
20.2
1 478
1.000
.951
R
. 53.1
53.1
(1.57)
21.8
1 578
1.068
1.153
RL. .
. 64.4
63.2
(2.05)
27.8
1 917
1.297
1.367
RLrP
. 66.9
64.6
(2.06)
30.7
1 981
1.340
1.415
RLrPK
. 68.6
65.5
(2.15)
31.7
2 048
1.386
1.497
•Average of 3 crops.
TABLE 70. — MT. MORRIS FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, barley, clover-alfalfa, alfalfa (4 years)
(Average crop yields 1921-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
15
crops
Barley
15
crops
Clover-
alfalfa
8
crops
Alfalfa
18
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
1921-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
. 65.1
34.1
40.3
48.7
48.6
(2.16)
(2.48)
(3.49)
(3.51)
(2.13)
(2.42)
(3.64)
(3.78)
2 141
2 390
3 022
3 058
1.000
1.116
1.411
1.428
.922
1.022
1.202
1.188
M
68 9
ML
. 74.4
MLrP
. 72.6
1936]
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
227
TABLE 71. — MT. MORRIS FIELD: ROTATION TEST — COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF
TIMOTHY, SOYBEANS, RED CLOVER, AND ALFALFA
Present rotation: Corn, oats and either timothy, soybeans, red clover, or alfalfa
(Average crop yields 1928-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
6
crops
Oats
5
crops
Hay
6
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
L, timothy
50.1
53.0
56.4
55.5
58.4
58.7
59.2
56.7
58.4
(1.00)
(1.16)
(3.27)
(3.16)
(2.93)
(2.65)
(2.49)
(2.45)
1 487
1 654
2 664
2 611
2 540
2 451
2 073
2 103
1.000
1.112
1.792
1.756
1.708
1.648
1.394
1.414
LrP, timothy
... 55.7
L, red clover
68 0
LrP, red clover
... 66.0
L, alfalfa. .
69.5
LrP, alfalfa
70.0
L, soybeans
60.8
LrP, soybeans
. .. 62.7
TABLE 72. — -NEWTON FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats (Le), wheat (Le), redtop (4 years)
(Average crop yields 1912-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
28
crops
Oats
9
crops
Wheat
24
crops
Soy-
beans
12
crops
All crops
Hay
9
crops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients
Yield
index
1912-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
11.6
9.9
19.7
31.0
32.1
10.9
10.7
22.6
25.4
26.6
.8
2.7
15.0
20.3
1.7
1.8
9.9
16.0
21.9
5.6
7.8
11.7
12.7
5.4
4.7
8.1
9.2
10.0
( -57)
( .66)
(1.18)
(1.43)
( .52)
( .61)
(1.00)
(1.03)
(1.52)
375
592
1 101
1 229
328
340
641
749
990
1.000
1.579
2.936
3.277
1.000
1.037
1.954
2.284
3.018
1.200
1.920
3.427
3.715
1.259
1.152
1.637
1.756
3.262
M
. 18.9
ML
. 29.9
MLrP
. 29.4
0
11.6
R
. 11.7
RL
. 16.9
RLrP
. 17.0
RLrPK
. 24.7
228
BULLETIN No. 425
8
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1936}
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS ' SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
229
TABLE 74. — OBLONG FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, soybeans, wheat (Le), timothy (4 years)
Rotation until 1935: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1912-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn Oats
23 20
crops crops
Leg- Soy-
ume Wheat bean
hay 21 hay,
22 crops 5
crops crops
All crops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients
Yield index
1912-
1935
1932-
1935
0 20.6 16.1 (.45) 9.0 (1.13)
M 31.6 23.6 (.59) 13.6 (1.29)
ML •. 44.1 33.1 (1.56) 23.1 (1.96)
MLrP 44.8 34.2 (1.64) 27.1 (2.11)
0 22.0 21.1 (.45) 9.4 (1.01)
R 25.7 23.2 (.54) 12.1 (1.12)
RL 31.1 32.3 (1.36) 20.9 (1.72)
RLrP 34.0 35.1 (1.54) 26.4 (1.71)
546 1.000 1.174
806 1.476 1.622
1 361 2.493 3.147
1 468 2.689 3.321
562
664
1 071
1 214
1.000
1.181
1.906
2.160
.998
1.142
1.931
2.121
RLrPK 45.7 35.2 (1.81) 28.6 (1.98) 1440 2.562 2.931
230
BULLETIN No. 425
TABLE 75.— OBLONG FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER TESTS— ROCK, SUPER,
DlCALCIUM (Dl-CA), AND POTASSIUM (K) PHOSPHATES
Present rotation: Corn, soybeans, wheat (Le), timothy (4 years)
Rotation until 1935: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1924-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
11
crops
Oats
10
crops
Mixed
hay
10
crops
All crops
Wheat
10
crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
1924-
1935
1932-
1935
Original treatment (south halves)
0 . .
21.1
15.9
24.3
34.4
35.4
21.8
21.9
33.6
35.0
35.3
20.4
( -35)
( -46)
(1.70)
(1.86)
( -37)
( -43)
(1.27)
(1-44)
(1.88)
( -38)
11.4
15.3
29.3
32.4
10.0
13.4
22.3
28.9
33.2
10.2
620
911
1 641
1 725
582
693
1 110
1 273
1 641
627
1.000
1.469
2.647
2.782
1.000
1.191
1.907
2.187
2.820
1.000
1.032
1.426
2.766
2.919
.964
1.103
1.864
2.048
2.830
1.000
M
. 35.5
ML
. 49.5
MLrP
. 48.6
0 . .
20.7
R
. 25.9
RL
. 27.1
RLrP
. 30.9
RLrPK. .
49.2
0
. 22.3
New treatment (north halves)
RLsPa. .
. 22.7
21.2
28.9
32.7
34.0
26.9
26.3
34.2
34.1
33.9
26.0
( -60)
( -95)
(1.84)
(1.82)
( -72)
( -81)
(1.43)
(1.42)
(1.88)
( -93)
23.1
27.1
34.0
34.0
23.9
24.7
29.1
29.3
33.9
22.1
806
1 192
1 724
1 679
881
968
1 239
1 261
1 610
1 050
1.385
1.923
2.781
2.708
1.514
1.663
2.129
2.167
2.766
1.675
1.424
2.050
2.952
2.763
1.514
1.692
2.022
2.098
2.887
1.700
MLrP*
. 38.3
MLbP
. 50.6
MLrP
. 46.3
RLdi-caPa.
24 4
RLrPa
. 30.3
RLbP
31.2
. 30.3
RLrP
RLrPK..
47.8
. 35.4
RLKP»
"Light applications of limestone (2 tons).
1936]
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
231
i 10
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232
BULLETIN No. 425
TABLE 77. — RALEIGH FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1910-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
C,?|n
crops
Oats
24
crops
Leg-
ume
hay
14
crops
Wheat
18
crops
Soy-
bean
hay
9
crops
All crops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients
Yield index
1910-
1935
1932-
1935
0....
M....
ML.. .
MLrP.
0 ..
R....
RL. ..
RLrP.
13.6
27,
42,
43,
15.4
18.7
34.8
38.3
10.7 ( .12) 5.5 ( .62) 412 1.000 .949
16.6 ( .22) 8.5 ( .82) 687 1.667 1.947
27.1 (1.27) 20.6 (1.38) 1304 3.165 3.532
28.5 (1.36) 22.7 (1.59) 1 358 3.296 3.714
12.4 ( .11) 6.4 ( .47) 360 1.000
13.8 ( .12) 8.3 ( .53) 435 1.208
23.7 ( .66) 16.5 (1.05) 889 2.469
28.3 ( .74) 19.8 (1.16) 990 2.750
1.192
1.411
2.647
3.053
RLrPK 44.4 28.3 (1.10) 25.0 (1.29) 1163 3.231 3.633
(See page 233 for Table 78)
TABLE 79.— SPARTA FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat;
Residues system — Corn, soybeans, wheat (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1916-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment C°In
systems crops
Soy-
17
crops
crops
Leg-
ume
hay
9
crops
All crops
Oats
6
crops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients
Yield
index
1916-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
12
.0
.9
.4
.7
,4
6
,2
,5
,7
(1
(1
3
4,
11
11
12
,49)»
.61)'
.30)"
.32)"
,5
3
2
5
8
6.4
9.8
20.2
22.6
5.8
5.8
19.0
20.7
21.7
(0 )
(0 )
(1.85)
(1.53)
( 0 )
(0 )
(1.39)
(1.48)
(2.24)
13. 3b
19. 2b
38. 7b
39. 9b
8.3
11.5
27.6
27.5
33.1
401
529
1 103
1 155
271
331
847
876
1 050
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
3
3
.000
.319
.751
.880
.000
.221
.125
.232
.875
.761
1.007
2.427
2.763
.878
1.055
2.690
2.897
3.494
M
15
ML
. ... 25
MLrP
26
0 . .
10
R
.... 13,
RL
21
RLrP
20
RLrPK
, ... 26
•Average of 16 crops. bAverage of 8 crops.
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
233
TABLE 78.— RALEIGH FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER TESTS" — ROCK, SUPER,
AND BONE PHOSPHATES
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1924-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment "« ~
systems cropg
Oats
11
crops
Mixed *
hay N
12
crops
All crops
Vheat
crops Dige?tibl«
nutrients
Yield
index
1924-
1935
1932-
1935
Original treatment (west halves)
0 . .
10.2
12.0
22.2
36.0
38.6
15.9
16.1
27.6
34.3
34.9
15.6
( .19)
( -40)
(1.47)
(1.46)
( -25)
( -27)
( -90)
( .98)
(1.38)
( -30)
4.7
8.9
20.0
23.0
5.8
7.0
13.6
18.0
25.1
7.0
322
680
1 396
1 457
354
419
907
1 053
1 308
400
1.000
2.112
4.335
4.525
1.000
1.184
2.562
2.975
3.695
1.000
1.214
2.491
4.519
4.752
1.212
1.435
2.692
3.105
3.695
1.200
M
25.2
ML
41.1
MLrP
41.4
0
13 0
R
16.4
RL
32.6
RLrP
37.1
RLrPK. .
42.9
0
.... 14.3
New treatment (east
halves)
RLb. ..
18.4
19.8
27.7
37.6
36.8
18.7
22.3
32.6
35.8
34.6
29.0
( -53)
( -61)
(1.62)
(1.74)
( -35)
( -53)
(1.11)
(1.12)
(1.57)
( .97)
9.5
17.8
26.2
26.1
14.0
16.2
23.4
23.0
24.4
15.1
556
927
1 543
1 563
535
661
1 093
1 125
1 415
913
1.571
2.879
4.792
4.854
1.511
1.867
3.088
3.178
3.997
2.282
1.819
3.596
4.714
4.599
1.856
2.195
2.901
2.893
3.452
2.472
MrP
28.2
MLbP
43 . 5
MLrP
43 . 2
RsP..
17.7
RrP
21.2
RLsP
34.0
RLrP
36.7
RLrPK..
47.5
RLrPb
.... 27.6
'Comparisons should be made between east and west halves. bLight applica-
tion of limestone.
(See page 232 for Table 79)
234
BULLETIN No. 425
TABLE 80. — SPARTA FIELD: COMPARISON OF FERTILIZERS USED AS SUPPLE-
MENTS TO SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat;
Residues system — Corn, soybeans, wheat (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1932-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
4
crops
Soy-
beans
3
crops
Oats Wheat
3 4
crops crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
Section A — Original treatment
0 . .
5.1
( .19)
( .15)
( -88)
( -88)
1.5
1.5
7.2
7.7
9.4
( -21)
10.7
14.6
41.3
36.7
7.9
10.7
29.9
30.1
39.2
14.3
9.0
15.1
29.1
34.4
6.9
6.5
28.9
30.7
31.5
7.0
300
460
959
1 040
218
250
757
770
902
258
1.000
1.533
3.196
3.467
1.000
1.147
3.492
3.532
4.137
1.000
M
8.1
ML
13.1
MLrP
14.8
0 . .
5.8
R
7.7
RL
10.8
RLrP
9.8
RLrPK
13 7
0
6.4
Section B-
-Fertilizer additions
sP, KC1. .
8.9
( -36)
( -34)
( -72)
( -92)
2.4
2.1
10.8
10.8
11.4
( -65)
23.1
27.0
40.8
34.2
12.4
15.0
33.2
37.0
40.5
17.1
15.8
15.9
32.3
33.5
4.2
10.7
32.1
33.5
33.8
19.6
524
563
1 025
1 051
279
353
941
947
991
627
1.746
1.876
3.416
3.503
1.280
1.619
4.316
4.344
4.546
2.430
M, KC1
. . 10.7
ML, KC1
15 5
MLrP, KC1
15.7
KC1. .
8.8
R, KC1 . .
9.4
RL, KC1
15 5
RLrP, KC1
13 8
RLrPK, KC1. .
14.4
NaNOs, sP, KC1
.... 11.6
TABLE 81. — TOLEDO FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1913-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
22
crops
Oats
21
crops
Legume
hay
20
crops
Wheat
18
crops
All crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
1913-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
23.4
14.1
18.1
29.1
29.3
12.8
14.0
28.4
28.8
32.9
( .30)
( -41)
(1.45)
(1.53)
( -24)
( .35)
(1.24)
(1.28)
(1-70)
11.8
13.6
24.7
25.9
8.9
10.2
21.6
25.5
31.2
575
712
1 250
1 268
392
467
882
949
1 282
1.000
1.238
2.174
2.205
1.000
1.191
2.250
2.421
3.270
1.205
1.497
2.520
2.591
1.074
1.237
2.130
2.296
3.671
M...
. 30.3
ML
. 41.6
MLrP
. 42.0
0 . .
17 1
R
20 2
RL
26 6
RLrP
26 4
RLrPK
. 42.3
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
235
TABLE 82.— TOLEDO FIELD: PHOSPHATE-CARRIER TESTS'*— ROCK, SUPER,
AND BONE PHOSPHATES
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1924-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
All crops
Treatment
systems
Corn
12
crops
Oats
11
crops
hay
10
crops
Wheat
12
crops
Digestible
nutrients
Yield
index
1924-
1935
1932-
1935
Original treatment (south halves)
0 . .
22.8
12.7
( .26)
13.7
623
1.000
1.112
M
31.0
17.3
( .39)
15.9
795
1.276
1 382
ML
.... 43.5
30.1
(1.57)
27.4
1 499
2.406
2.326
MLrP
44.8
29.3
(1.66)
27.8
1 489
2.390
2.392
0 . .
16.0
11.4
( .22)
10.4
419
1 000
1 005
R
20.1
12.2
( .29)
11.2
502
1 198
1 158
RL
.... 24.9
27.2
(1.19)
23.0
973
2.322
1.993
RLrP
23.8
25.9
(1.28)
27.8
1 027
2.451
2.148
RLrPK..
44.7
30.8
(1.83)
34.9
1 498
3.575
3.434
0
.... 18.0
13.2
( .14)
9.9
439
1.000
1.052
New treatment (north halves)
RLb..
29.7
17.2
( -70)
19.5
824
1.967
2.015
MrP
35.5
20.8
( .72)
25.0
1 057
1.697
1.843
MLbP
.... 47.6
29.2
(1.79)
30.1
1 597
2.563
2.648
MLrP
.... 46.9
29.4
(1.48)
30.1
1 534
2.462
2.387
RsP..
17.9
13.5
( -26)
17.0
545
1.301
1.400
RrP
22.1
12.1
( -43)
20.0
652
1.556
1.618
RLsP
24.6
25.6
(1.37)
28.3
1 118
2.668
2.241
RLrP
.... 24.4
26.6
(1.56)
28.4
1 140
2.721
2.279
RLrPK..
45.2
31.1
(1-99)
35.7
1 614
3.852
3.489
RLrPb
.... 23.6
19.8
( -95)
22.0
853
1.943
1.984
"Comparisons should be made between north and south halves. bLight applica-
tion of limestone.
236
BULLETIN No. 425
[July,
TABLE 83. — TOLEDO FIELD: COMPARISON OF FERTILIZER MATERIALS WHEN
USED AS SUPPLEMENTS TO SYSTEMS OF TREATMENT — MURIATE OF
POTASH, MIXED FERTILIZERS, AND GRAIN STRAWS
Present rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1932-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
4 crops
Oats
4 crops
Mixed
3 crops
hay
Wheat
4 crops
All crops
Digestible Yield
nutrients index
RL, KC1..
46.1
12.5
( -66)
19.0
1 006
2.390
MrP, KC1
45.0
16.4
(1.05)
28.0
1 280
1.847
MLbP, KC1
55.0
22.0
(2.06)
33.1
1 752
2.528
MLrP, KC1
52.5
19.0
(1.67)
32.2
1 599
2.307
RsP, KC1 . .
32.2
8.1
( -20)
18.8
720
1.710
RrP, KC1
36.6
8.8
( .32)
20.6
807
1.917
RLsP, KC1
42.9
14.1
(1.23)
29.0
1 214
2.884
MLrP, KC1
44 . 8
16.7
(1.37)
32.4
1 327
3.152
RLrPK, KC1. .
55.0
18.4
(1.90)
31.2
1 538
3.653
RLrP, KC1
43.4
12.5
(1.21)
27.1
1 188
2.571
Section B — Check to Section A
RL»..
35.8
13.6
( -61)
16.0
844
2.005s
MrP
44.3
17.4
( .74)
23.0
1 148
1.657
MLbP
53.4
22.1
(2.00)
28.5
1 650
2.381
MLrP
53.2
20.8
(1.41)
25.3
1 487
2.146
RsP..
24.5
7.6
( -21)
15.9
587
1.394
RrP
28.2
8.7
( .32)
18.1
678
1.610
RLsP
29.1
18.0
( -81)
24.2
939
2.230
RLrP
26.3
16.1
(1.09)
24.8
955
2.268
RLrPK..
49.4
19.9
(1.84)
31.0
1 462
3.473
RLrP"
28.5
12.8
( .81)
20.X
871
1.885
Section C — Check to Section D
0
32 1
9 0
( 22)
11 2
693
1 000
M
40.0
11.9
( -33)
14 7
861
1 242
ML
49.3
19.0
(1-69)
23.6
1 449
2.091
MLrP
52.7
20.4
(1.62)
24.1
1 490
2.150
0 . .
21 4
6 2
( 10)
6 7
421
1 000
R
27 5
6 3
( 14)
6 5
485
1 152
RL
29.1
15.7
( .73)
18.2
835
1.983
RLrP
26.0
16.9
( -89)
24.0
900
2.138
RLrPK..
50.3
16.2
(1.74)
31.4
1 439
3.418
0
27.0
6.8
( -01)
6.8
462
1.000
1936}
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
237
TABLE 83.— TOLEDO FIELD, Concluded
Treatment
systems
Corn Oats
4 crops 4 crops
All crops
,
Wheat
4 crops Digestible Yield
nutrients index
Section D — Potash, mixed fertilizers and straw additions
R, KC1 . .
38.2
7.8
( -27)
13.6
730
1.734'
M, KC1
41.6
12.9
( -41)
16.7
940
1.356
ML, KC1
52.9
19.5
(1-84)
29.1
1 606
2.317
MLP, KC1
50.2
21.6
(1-84)
30.8
1 592
2.297
L, 5-15-5»
30.2
11.1
( -51)
22.1
821
1.950
R, straw
26.9
8.9
( -19)
10.1
549
1.304
RL, straw
35.3
17.3
( .87)
20.2
957
2.273
RLrP, straw
34.0
17.7
(1.04)
27.0
1 054
2.504
RLrPK, straw
50.2
19.2
(1.70)
30.3
1 423
3.380
L»
35.8
9.7
( -59)
16.9
824
1.784
"Light application of limestone.
TABLE 84.— TOLEDO FIELD: POTASH AND STRAW TESTS
Present rotation: Corn, soybeans, oats (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1932-1935 in bushels per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
4
crops
Soybeans
3
crops
Oats
2
crops
Wheat
2
crops
RLrP, wheat and oat straw
33.8
20.4
12.9
22.2
RLrP, KC1
44.4
22.6
16.4
23.4
RLrP
25.7
21.1
18.2
18.4
RLrP, wheat straw
32.3
18.6
18.6
18.8
TABLE 85.— UNIONVILLE FIELD: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, oats, lespedeza, wheat;
Residues system — Corn, soybeans, wheat (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1911-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
23
crops
Oats
9
crops
Soy-
beans
or
cow-
peas
23
crops
Wheat
19
crops
C«_J
All crops
cotton
13
crops
Digest-
ible nu-
trients6
Yield
index
1911-
1935
1932-
1935
0 . .
. 14.8
10.8
11.3
27.6
29.5
8.1
10.6
22.0
28.9
( .74)'
( .88)"
(1.35)"
(1-47)"
5.5
5.9
9.2
9.8
6.2
8.8
15.8
18.6
6.9
7.5
15.2
19.2
171
284
464
479
144
130
233
250
600
750
1 147
1 226
419
469
838
965
1.000
1.250
1.912
2.043
1.000
1.119
2.000
2.303
.772
1.227
2.345
2.537
.683
.862
1.835
2.131
M
. 20.4
ML
. 30.2
MLrP
. 31 0
0 . .
12 6
R
. 15.7
RL
31 6
RLrP. .
34.6
RLrPK 40.5 33.9 11.8
21.7
442 1.123 2.680 2.589
"Average of 10 crops. bCotton yields not included.
238
BULLETIN No. 425
[.July,
TAHLE 86. — UNIONVILLE FIELD: COMPARISON OF FERTILIZERS USED AS SUP-
PLEMENTS TO SOIL-TREATMENT SYSTEMS — ROCK AND SUPERPHOSPHATE,
MURIATE OF POTASH, SODIUM NITRATE
Present rotations: Manure system — Corn, oats, lespedeza, wheat;
Residues system — Corn, soybeans, wheat (Le), wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1925-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
11
crops
Oats
9
crops
Soy- ,
beans
11
crops
All crops
Vheat
croo Dige.stible
nutrients
Yield
index
1925-
1935
1932-
1935
Original treatment (west halves)
0 . .
. . 10
,2
,5
<s
0
0
,3
,2
6
2
4
10
11
27
29
8
10
22
28
33
9
.8
.3
.6
.5
.1
.6
.0
.9
.9
.1
(1
(1
(1
6
6
12
13
15
.94)°
.02)»
.72)-
.74)a
.6
.7
.7
.2
.2
.60)
6.2
9.1
17.1
19.0
7.1
7.0
14.0
18.2
21.6
8.2
534
717
1 260
1 320
357
412
873
989
1 185
383
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
.000
.343
.360
.472
.000
.155
.445
.770
319
.000
.867
1.378
2.635
2.850
.801
1.011
2.154
2.501
3.039
.906
M
. 16
ML
28
MLrP
30
0 . .
8,
R
. . 11.
RL
. . 28.
RLrP
. . 30.
RLrPK..
.. 38.
0
8.
New
treatment (east
halves)
L. .
13.
8
7
3
6
1
1
9
7
0
0
11.7
20.2
27.8
29.8
12.5
13.0
27.2
29.6
32.5
18.4
(1
(1
(1
(1
8
9
14
14
15
(1
,00)a
.25)'
.63)"
.75)"
.9
.2
.2
.2
.5
.07)
7.4
11.9
18.3
20.2
10.8
10.5
18.2
18.5
20.5
18.9
629
965
1 219
1 343
588
612
1 008
1 062
1 164
771
1.
1.
2,
2
1
1
2
2
3
2
178
807
283
.515
647
.714
824
.975
.260
.013
1.378
2.266
2.629
2.955
1.616
1.543
2.653
2.824
2.961
2.248
MLrP
. . 21.
ML, KC1
. . 26.
MLrP, KC1
.. 27
LsP..
12.
L, NaNOs
. . 14.
RLsP, KC1
. . 31.
RLrP, KC1
.. 34.
RLrP, kainit . . .
37.
LsP, NaNOs. . . -
. . 19.
"Average of 10 crops.
19361
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
239
TABLE 87.— URBANA, MORROW PLOTS: ROTATION TESTS WITH AND WITHOUT
SOIL TREATMENT
(Average annual crop yields in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Rotations
Treatments
Corn, oats
Corn, oats, red clover
Corn
Oats
Corn
Oats
Hay
1888-1935—48 years
None
29
.6
36.3
36.
0
46
3
48
4
(1-67)
1906-1935-
-32
years
None .
24
.5
.8
33.7
58.3
33.
58.
0
1
45.
64
6
5
48
67
.7
.5
(1
,25>
67)
MLP
40
1924-1935—12
years
None
22
9
0
28.9
53.0
30.
62.
0
9
36.
58.
2
9
54.
81.
7
4
(1.
(3.
27)
12)
MLP
42
TABLE 88.— URBANA, SOUTH FARM: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT
SYSTEMS, SOUTHWEST ROTATION
Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat (Le)
(Average crop yields 1903-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
33
crops
Oats
33
crops
Wheat
30
crop's
Clover
hay, 15
crops
Clover
seed
10 crops
Soy-
bean
hay, 14
crops
Soy-
bean
seed
9 crops
RrP. .
62.2
53.7
39.4
(2.02)a
1.03
(2.55)a
20.3
R
. 57.0
47.2
30.0
(1.81)a
1.11
(2.31)a
18.8
M
. 60.8
53.1
31.5
(2.13)
(1.79)
MrP
. 62.6
57.7
39.4
(2.51)
(2.03)
Corn
25
crops
Oats
24
crops
Wheat
24
crops
Clover
hay, 9
crops
Clover
seed
6 crops
Soy-
bean
hay, 11
crops
Soy-
bean
seed
7 crops
RLrP
. 65 8
56 1
38 1
1 12
(2 64)a
21 0
R. .
55 4
49 8
28 6
1 06
(2 38)a
19 2
M
. 59.0
58.3
29.8
(1.99)
(1.85)
MLrP
. 64.9
61.9
39.1
(2.44)
(2.19)
"Average of four years.
240
BULLETIN No. 425
{.July,
TABLE 89.— URBANA, SOUTH FARM: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT
SYSTEMS, NORTH-CENTRAL ROTATION
Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, clover
(Average crop yields 1903-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Treatment
systems
Corn
1st year
33
crops
Corn
2d year
crops
Oats
30
crops
Clover
hay, 20
crops
Clover
seed
16 crops
Soy-
bean
hay, 10
crops
Soy-
bean
seed
14 crops
RrP..
. . 58.7
53.1
56.2
(2.39)»
.60
19 7
R
. . 54.0
47.7
50.6
(2.07)»
.53
18 7
M
. . 56.5
52.1
53.6
(1.54)
(1 62)
23 4a
MrP
. . 59.9
56.6
58.2
(1.81)
(1-67)
26.0-
•Average of four years.
TABLE 90.— URBANA, SOUTH FARM: COMPARISON OF SOIL-TREATMENT
SYSTEMS, SOUTH-CENTRAL ROTATION
Rotation: Corn, corn, corn, soybeans
(Average crop yields 1903-1935 in bushels or (tons) per acre)
Corn
Corn
Corn
Soybeans
Treatment
1st year
2d year
3d year
30
systems
33
33
33
crops
crops
crops
crops
RrP
51 1
45 4
43 8
22 5
R
46.4
42.5
39.5
21.1
M
50.9
47.2
41.2
(1.83)
MrP
53.2
49.7
45.0
(1.89)
CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS
241
TMENT SYSTEM
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su'^
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^lg
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o rt
fe05 g
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O.
JJ «
.-9c
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. : :cu
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o'SSS i
242 BULLETIN No. 425 [July,
INDEX TO FERTILIZER AND TREATMENT MATERIALS
MINERAL FERTILIZERS
TABLES
Lime Carriers
Limestone Standard on most fields
Influence on crop values, digestible
nutrients, and productivity
levels 22
Comparative tests 37, 57, 73
Nitrogen Carriers
Ammonium sulfate 68
Sodium nitrate 52, 68, 80, 86
Phosphorus Carriers
Bone phosphate 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 46, 54, 58, 60, 61, 75, 78, 82
Rock phosphate
Standard On most fields
Influence on crop values, di-
gestible nutrients, and
productivity levels 23
Rates of application 58, 61
Fineness of grinding 58, 61, 62
Slag phosphate 31
Superphosphate 30, 31, 37, 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 54, 58, 60, 61, 64,
65, 75, 78, 80, 82, 86
Treble superphosphate 37, 55, 58, 61, 65
Comparison of carriers 30, 31, 33, 34, 37, 42, 46, 50, 52, 54, 55, 58, 60,
61, 62, 64, 65, 75, 78, 80, 82, 86
Potassium Carriers
Kainit Was standard on most fields prior to 1932
Potassium chlorid Standard on most fields since 1932
Influence on crop values, digestible
nutrients, and productivity
levels 24
Potassium sulfate 32, 33, 34, 35
Comparison of carriers 44, 52, 75, 80, 82, 86
Mixed Fertilizers 38, 42, 44, 52, 55, 64, 80
Miscellaneous Materials
Gypsum 57
ORGANIC MANURES
Animal Manures
Regular application On most fields
Amounts applied and influence on
crop values, digestible nutri-
ents, and productivity levels. 20
Residual effect 52, 55, 70
Crop Residues
Combinations Standard on most fields
Influence on crop values, digestible
nutrients, and productivity
levels 21
Cornstalks 47
Grain straws 47, 52, 65, 83, 84
Green manures
Alfalfa.. 57, 71
Comparison of legumes 50, 57, 71
Hubam clover 29, 30, 31, 53, 54, 59, 60, 65, 67, 68, 69, 72, 79,
80
1936} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 243
TABLES
Lespedeza Seeded with Hubam and sweet clover on most
southern fields since 1930 and most northern
fields since 1934
Red clover 50, 57, 71
Soybeans 71
Sweet clover Standard on most fields
SPECIAL EXPERIMENTS
Legumes vs. nonlegume residues 47
Special phosphate studies 58, 61, 62
Effect of various hay crops on soil
productivity 71
SUMMARIES BY INDIVIDUAL CROPS
Corn (first year)
1934 yields 1
1935 yields 7
4-year period ending in 1935 13, 18
Corn (second year)
1934 yields 2
1935 yields 8
Four-year period ending in 1935 . . 14
Oats
1934 yields 4
1935 yields 10
Four-year period ending in 1935. .16, 18
Wheat
1934 yields 3
1935 yields 9
Four-year period ending in 1935. .15, 18
Hay
1934 yields 6
1935 yields 12
Four-year period ending in 1935. .17, 18
Soybeans
1934 yields 5
1935 yields 11
ECONOMIC INTERPRETATIONS
Four- Year Period Ending in 1935 19, 25, 26, 27
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