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The plants of Southern New Jersey with 


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The original of this book is in 
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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000628309 


WOODROW WILSON 
Governor of New Jersey 


ANNUAL REPORT 


or THE 


NEW JERSEY STATE 
MUSEUM 


Including a Report of the! Plants of Southern 
New Jersey, With Especial Reference to 
the Flora of the(Pine Barrens, ) 


1910 


TRENTON, N. J. 
MacCrellish & Guigley, State Printers, Opposite Post Office. 


Igtl. 


PART I. 


(3) 


Commissioners of the New Jersey State Museum. 


State Supt. o- Pusiic Instruction, CHARLES J. BAXTER, President. 


Srate Grotocrst, HENRY B. KUMMEL, Secretary. 
PresIpDENT State Boarp oF AcricuLture, E. B. VOORHEES. 
PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE, JOSEPH S. FRELINGHUYSEN. 
SPEAKER OF THE HouskE or AssEMBLY, HARRY P. WARD. 
SILAS R. MORSE, Curator, 


Heads of the Several Departments of the New 
Jersey State Museum. 


C. J. BAXTER, State SUPERINTENDENT OF Pusric INstRUCTION, 
Educational. 


E. B. VOORHEES, Rutcers Conrcs, 
Agriculture. 


HENRY B. KUMMEL, State Geotocist, 
Geology. 


JOHN C. SMOCK, Ex-Srats GEorocist, 
orestry. 


JOHN B. SMITH, State Enromotoctst, 
Entomology. 


JAMES T. MORGAN, Deruty or Bureau oF Lazor Sratistics, 
Manufactures. 


WILLIAM H. WERNER, Tavidermist of Museum. 


HERBERT M. LLOYD, Srcretary of GEoLocicaL SuRVEY, 
Archeology. 


(5) 


Letter of Transmittal. 


Trenton, N. J., November 30th, 1910. 
To the Honorable John Franklin Fort, Governor 
of the State of New Jersey: 

Srr.—lI have the honor to present, for the Com- 
missioners of the New Jersey State Museum, the 
annual report, including a Report on The Plants of 
Southern New Jersey, with especial references to 


the Flora of the Pine Barrens. 
SILAS R. MORSE, 


Curator. 


(7) 


Curator’s Report. 


For the educational part of our Report for 1910, we have 
taken a subject that will, we think, be not only interesting, but 
beneficial, to our schools, and to a large number of people of the 
State. 

It is well known that the Flora of Southern New Jersey is 
an interesting subject, one that should to a certain extent be 
taught in our public schools. We have had many requests for 
information on this subject, but have never been able to give 
any printed work giving the information desired. To present 
this subject we have selected a gentleman who has made a study 
of it for many years, one whose statements can be relied upon, 
Mr. Witmer Stone of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Phila- 
delphia, Pa., who gave us such good reports on the Mammals, 
and the Birds, their Nests and Eggs. 

Our intention was to publish with this report a paper on the 
Fresh and Salt Water Shell Fish of New Jersey, but we found 
that it would make too large a volume, so have concluded to 
defer that subject until 1911 for our next Annual Report. 
It is to be compiled by Mr. Silas C. Wheat, who has devoted 
much time to this subject in collections and study. 

The Report for 1908, “The Birds, Their Nests and Eggs,” 
has met with much praise and has been in great demand. It is 
used as a reference book in most of the public schools. It was 
placed in nearly all of the public school libraries and State Public 
Libraries. We exchange reports with a great many of the 
United States Departments at Washington, and with many of the 
Public Museums and institutions similar to our own, and also 
with several of the principal colleges and libraries in the United 
States. We are thus collecting a valuable library for the New 
Jersey State Museum. 


(9) 


10 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


The demand for some of our reports in several of the State 
Libraries has been so great that we have supplied them with 
several copies of the same report. 

We have been assured by many superintendents and teachers 
that the reports have awakened a great interest on the subjects 
of which they treat. 

VISITORS. 


There has been a decided increase in the number of visitors 
in the past year at the museum. A large number of the school 
teachers have brought their classes to see and study the specimens 
of natural history. It is still visited by many of the Normal and 
Model School students for study of the many specimens. It is 
considered a great help to have such an institution to visit and 
study. 

THE COLLECTIONS. 


The collections of New Jersey minerals is one of the best and 
most complete in the State, containing a great many speci- 
mens. We have had the minerals re-arranged and labeled, which 
makes it much more interesting and beneficial to the student. 

The collection of birds of New Jersey is quite extensive. 
There are only a very few of the specimens that we do not have, 
and that number is getting smaller very fast. We hope to have 
nearly all by another year. 

We have added several new specimens to the Mammal collec- 
tion until there are only a very few species that are not repre- 
sented by a specimen. One of the recent additions is a very 
young deer, which was only five days old when it died. We 
were able to get this specimen through the courtesy of the Chair- 
man of the Fish and Game Commission of the State of Maine, 
as we did several groups of beavers and other specimens. ‘This 
Commission has always been very kind to New Jersey, which 
is greatly appreciated by the management of the Museum. 


MORE ROOM NEEDED. 


We have urged the need of more room in several of our other 
reports, but as yet do not see when we will get it. Last winter 


REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 11 


the Legislature made an appropriation to buy more land, which 
we think has been purchased, and we hope our prospects for 
additional room is brighter than last year. That it will come 
sometime is our prayer. 

If we could have the room necessary the Museum could be 
made much more useful and interesting. We are so crowded 
now that the specimens cannot be displayed to an advantage. 
If they could be, the value of the Museum would be greatly en- 
hanced. Although we have very valuable exhibits from the 
educational exhibits for the past thirty-two years, yet for the 
want of room they cannot be shown properly; therefore, much 
of the benefit they would give is lost. 

The intention of the Museum Commission was to have more 
work from the schools each year, which we now are unable to 
get for the want of space to display it. It also intended to have 
a department of agriculture and manufacture, but for the same 
reason, want of room, we cannot carry it out. Take one branch 
of manufacture, the Potteries, could make one of the best and 
most interesting exhibits in the Museum. The same could be 
said of many other New Jersey industries. New Jersey is rich 
in its manufactures and its agricultural products. 


List of Publications Received. 


The Vertebrates of the Cayuga Lake Basin, N. Y. Cornell University. 

The Trees and Birds, Free Public Library of Newark, N. J. 

Proceedings of the American Association of Museums for 1909. 

Park Museum Bulletin for Nov—Dec. 1909, Roger Williams Park. 

The Apteryx for January, 1905, Roger Williams Park Museum. 

The Apteryx for April, 1905, Roger Williams Park Museum. 

The Apteryx for July, 1905, Roger Williams Park Museum. 

Monograph No. 14, Check List of the Birds of Rhode Island, Roger Wil- 
liams Park Museum. 

Monograph No. 15, The Reptiles and Batrachians of Rhode Island, Roger 
Williams Park Museum. 

Monograph No. 17, ‘he Land and Fresh Water Shells of Great Britain, 
Roger Williams Park Museum. 

Bulletin No. 1, September, 1904, Instructions for Collection and Mounting 
Insects, also a Check List of the Coleoptera of the State of Rhode Island, 
U. S. A. Roger Williams Park Museum. 

Bulletin No. 1, October, 1904, A Numbered Check List of North American 
Unionide, Roger Williams Park Museum. 


12 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Bulletin No. 3, November, 1904, Preparation and Use of Kerosene Emul- 
sion, Roger Williams Park Museum. 

Bulletin No. 4, December, 1904, The Making of an Herbarium, Roger Wil- 
liams Park Museum. 

Bulletin No. 7, March, 1905, The Metropolitan Park System of Providence, 
Roger Williams Park Museum. 

Bulletin No. 8, April, 1905, Check List of the Minerals of Rhode Island, 
Roger Williams Park Museum. 

Bulletin 9, May, 1905, The Cambrian Deposits of North Attleboro, Roger 
Williams Park Museum. 

Bulletin 10, June, 1905, The American Osprey, Roger Williams Park Museum. 

Bulletin 11, July, 1905, Water-Mites and How to Collect Them, Roger Wil- 
liams Park Museum. : 

Bulletin 12, August, 1905, Unios of New England, Roger Williams Park 
Museum. 
Bulletin 13, September, 1905, Sphingide of Rhode Island, Roger Williams 
Park Museum. ; 
Forty-first Annual Report of the Trustees of the American Museum of 
Natural History, New York. 

American Museum Journal, Vol. 9, American Museum of Natural History, 
New York, 

American Museum Journal for January, 1909, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal for February, 1909, American Museum of Nat- 
ural History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal for March, 1909, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal for April, 1909, American Museum of Natural 


History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal for May, 1909, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal for October, 1909, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. * 


American Museum Journal for November, 1909, American Museum of Nat- 
ural History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal for December, 1909, American Museum of Nat- 
ural History, N. Y. 

The Collection of Minerals, American Museum of Natural History, N. Y. 

North American Ruminants, American Museum of Natural History, N. Y. 

The Musical Instruments of the Incas, July, 1903, American Museum of 
Natural History, N. Y. 

The Insect-Calls of the Vicinity of New York City, October, 1904, American 
Museum of Natural History, N. Y. 

The Reptiles of the Vicinity of New York City, July, 1905, American Mu- 
seum of Natural History, N. Y. 

The Batrachians of the Vicinity of New York City, October, 1905, American 
Museum of Natural History, N. Y. 

The Birds of the Vicinity of New York City, April and July, 1906, American 
Museum of Natural History, N. Y. 


REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 13 


A Guide to the Sponge Alcove, October, 1906, American Museum of Nat- 
ural History, N. Y. 

The Foyer Collection of Meteorites, December, 1907, American Museum of 
Natural History, N. Y. 

The Habitat Bird Groups, February, 1909, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 

The Indians -of Manhattan Island and Vicinity, September, 1909, American 
Museum of Natural History, N. Y. 

Stokes Paintings Representing Greenland Eskimo, November, 1909, Ameri- 
can Museum of Natural History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal, January, to10, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal, February, 1910, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal, March, 1910, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. : 

American Museum Journal, April, 1910, American Museum of Natural His- 
tory, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal, May, 1910, American Museum of Natural His- 
tory, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal, October, 1910, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 

American. Museum Journal, January, 1908, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal, February, 1908, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal, March, 1908, American Museum of Natural His- 
tory, N. Y. 

American Museum Journal, April, 1908, American Museum of Natural His- 
tory, N. Y. , 

American Museum Journal, May, 1908, American Museum of Natural His- 


tory, N. Y. 
American Museum Journal, October, 1908, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 
American Museum Journal, November, 1908, American Museum of Natural 
History, N. Y. 
Annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History, N. Y., 1900. 
Annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History, N. Y., 1gor. 
Alnnual Report of the American Museum of Natural History, N. Y., 1902. 
Annual Report of the American:Museum of Natural History, N. Y., 1903. 
annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History, N. Y., 1904. 
Annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History, N. Y., 1905. 
Annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History, N. Y., 1906. 
Annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History, N. Y.,. 1907. 


Oyster Culture, Experiments and Investigations in Louisiana, Bureau of 
Fisheries, Washington, D. C. 

Chemical and Biological Survey of the Waters of Illinois, University of 
Illinois, September, 1909. 

Bulletin of the Houston Museum and Scientific Society, 1910. 


14 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fortieth Annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History, 1908. 

Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, Vols. 1-5, 1905-1900. 

Stala Vystava Skolskav Praze, Jeji vznik a vyvoj Od R. 1879 do R. 1909. 

Bulletin No. 3, of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Metal- 
Glass Museum Cases of the Wistar Institute. 

Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Arts, 34th Annual Report. ee. 

Michigan Geological and Biological Survey, 1910, ‘The Crawfishes of Michi- 
gan, The Insect Calls of Michigan, The Birds of School Girl’s Glen 
Region, Ann Arbor, Mich, and A Preliminary List of the Sites of 
Aboriginal Remains in Michigan. 

Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Report for 1909. 

Victoria, British Columbia, Guide to Anthropological Collection in the 
Provincial Museum. 

Catalogue of the Frederick Gallatin, Jr., Collection of Books on Ornithology. 

Report of the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youths. 

State Board of Education of N. J., 55th Annual Report and Catalogue of 
the State Normal School, at Trenton, N. J. 

Catalogue of Canadian Birds, Canada Department of Mines, Geological 

Survey Branch. 

University of Illinois Bulletin, November 14, 1909, Register 1909-1910. 

University of Illinois Bulletin, December 12, 1909, Test of Timber Beams. 

Bulletin of Charleston Museum, Vol. 5, No. 8, December, 1909. 

Report of Curator of University of Michigan Museum, December, 1909. 

Annotated List of The Birds of Point Pelee, R. A. Taverner. 

Report of the Field Museum of Natural History, December, 1909. 

The Anura of Ithaca, N. Y.. A Key to Their Eggs, January, 1909. 

The Increase of Austral Birds at Ithaca, January, 1910. 

University of Illinois, Agriculture Experimental Station, Circular 140. 

University of Illinois, Agriculture Experimental Station, Bulletin 143. 

Further Observations on the Nervous System of the American Leopard 
Frog, Compared with that of the European Frogs, Wistar Institute, 
February, 1910. 

A Mathematical Treatment of Some Biological Problems, Wistar Iinstitute, 
February, 1910. 

On The Lengths of the Internodes in the Sciatic Nerve of Rana Temporaris 
and Rame Pipiens; Being a Re-examination by Biometric Methods of 
the Data studied by Boycott and Takahashi, Wistar Institute, February, 
1910. 

Museum News, Central Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

The Zoological Bulletin, Penn. Department of Agriculture. 

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, February, 1910. 

Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, February, 1910. 

T'wenty-seventh Annual Report of the Public Museum of Milwaukee, 
February, 1910. 

The Numismatist, March, 1910. 

Second Biennial Report, Louisiana State Museum, sgt!o. 

Bulletin of Charleston Museum, March, 1910. 

University of Illinois Bulletin, March, 1910. 

The Zoological Bulletin, Penn. Department of Agriculture, March, 1910. 


REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 1; 


Museum News, Central Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1910. 

Bulletin of N. Y. Zoological Society, March, 1gr1o. 

The Numismatist, April 1, 1910. 

Bulletin of Charleston Museum, April, roro. 

Notes on Some of the Rarer Birds of Washtenaw County, Michigan Uni- 
versity. 

A Synoptic List of the Fishes known to Occur Within Fifty Miles of 
Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, April, 1910. 

Further New Mammals from British East Africa, Field Museum of Natural 
History, April 7, 1910. 

Bulletin of the Penn. Museum, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pa., April, 
1910. 

The Zoological Bulletin, Penn. Department of Agriculture, April and May. 

On the Percentage of Water in the Brain and in the Spinal Cord of the 
Albino Rat, Wistar Institute, April, roto. 

Museum News, Central Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y., April. 

Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, April, 1910. 

Introduction of the Hungarian Partridge into the United States, U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, 1910. 

Private Game Preserves and Their Future in the United States, U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, May, rgro. 

Progress of Game Protection, U. S. Department of Agriculture, May, r1gto. 

Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, May, Igto. 

University of Illinois Bulletin No. 34, May, 1910. 

Field Museum of Natural History, Publication 144, May, 1910. 

Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society, May, 1gro. 

Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee, Vol. L, Article 1, June, rgto. 

The Numismatist, June, rgro. 

The Effects of Various Fixatives on the Brain of the Albino Rat, With an 
Account of a Method of Preparing this Material for a Study of the 
Cells in the Cortex, Wistar Institute, June, 1910. 

Academy Notes, Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, July, 1910. 

A Naturalist in the Straits of Magellan, C. H. Townsend. 

Bulletin of the N. Y. Zoological Society, July, 1910. 

Bulletin of the Penn. Musuem, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pa, July, 
IQIO. ‘ 

The Numismatist, July, rgro. 

University of Michigan Bulletin. 

Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, July, 1g1o. 

University of Illinois Bulletin, August, 1910. 

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Circular 74. 

Game Laws for 1910, U. S. Department of Agriculture, September, 1910. 

The Numismatist, September, 1910. 

Notes on Michigan Reptiles and Amphibians, A. G. Ruthven. 

Report Upon the Progress of the Biological Work of the Michigan Geologi- 
cal and Biological Survey, A. G. Ruthven. 

Museum News, Central Museum Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y., October, 
IQIO, 


16 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Bulletin of the Penn. Museum, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pa., October, 


IQIO. 


Bulletin of Charleston Museum, October, rgro. 


The Logical Point, October, 1910. 
The Logical Point, November, 1910. 


Museum News, Central Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. 


November, 1910. 


Addition to the Museum Specimens by Purchase. 


BIRDS. 


Set of Flamingoes. 

Bald Eagle. 

Philadelphia Vireo, M. & F. 
Western Sandpiper. 
American Golden Plover, M. 
Hairy Woodpecker, M. 
Traills Flycatcher. 

Orchard Oriole. 

Vesper Sparrow. 

Swamp Sparrow. 

Dickissel. 

Bank Sparrow. 

Rough Winged Swallow. 
Warbling Vireo. 

Orange Crowned Warbler. 
Wilson’s Warbler. 
Sharp-billed Marsh Wren. 
Wilson’s Thrush. 

Redhead, M. 

Long-billed Curlew, F. 


BIRD EGGS. 


Cooper’s Hawk. 
Short Eared Owl. 
Whip-poor-Will. 
Chuck-will’s Widow. 
Olive-sided Flycatcher. 
American Magpie. 
Bobolink. 

Brewers Blackbird. 
Purple Finch. 
American Goldfinch. 
English Sparrow. 
Field Sparrow. 
Painted Bunting. 
Migrant Shrike. 
Red-eyed Vireo. 


White-eyed Vireo. 
Black-throated Green Warbler. 
Maryland Yellow-throat. 
Carolina Wren. 

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. 
Western Robin. 

Murre. 

Gadwall. 

Baldpate. 

American Bittern. 
Great-blue Heron. 
American Egert. 

Green Heron. 

American Avocet. 
Gambles Partridge. 
Ground Dove. 

American Osprey. 
Sharp-shinned Hawk. 
Wilson’s Snipe. 
Dowitcher. 

Ruff. 

Belted Kingfisher. 
American Sparrow Hawk. 
American Hawk Owl. 
Skylark. 

Cowbird. 

Baltimofe Oriole. 
Red-cockaded Woodpecker. 
Red-bellied Woodpecker. 
Henslow’s Sparrow. 

Blue Grosbeak. 

Blue Winged Warbler. 
Kentucky Warbler. 
Brown Thrasher. 
Long-billed Marsh Wren. 
Double-Crested Comorant. 
Water Thrush. 

Carolina Wren. 
White-breasted Nuthatch. 


REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 17 


Tufted Titmouse. 
Cerulean Warbler. 

Pine Warbler. 

Canadian Warbler. 
House Wren. 

Pintail. 

Brown-headed Nuthatch. 
Purple Finch. 

Glaucous Scull. 
Northern Parula Warbler. 
Carolina Chickadee. 
Rose-breasted Nuthatch. 
Leach’s Petrel. 
White-crowned Sparrow. 
Semi-palmated Plover. 
Mocking Bird. 

Wood Thrush. 

Cardinal Bird. 

Green Heron. 


Black-crowned Night Heron. 


Ruffled Grouse. 
English Sparrow. 
White-bellied See 
King Fisher. 
American Redstart. 


Ruby-throated Hummingbird. 


Red-eyed Viero. 
Bank Swallow. 

Grass Finch. 

Blue Bird. 

Chebec. 

Wood Pewee. 
Chipping Sparrow. 
Goldfinch. 

Summer Yellow Bird. 
American Crow. 
Red-shouldered Hen Hawk. 
Song Sparrow. 


Black & White Creeping Warbler. 
Chestnut-sided Warbler. 
Cedar Bird. 

American Robin. 
Crimson Finch. 

Wilson Thrush. 

Indigo Bird. 

Goldfinch. 
Whip-poor-Will. 
Red-eyed Vireo. 

Brown Thrush. 

King Bird. 

Yellow Warbler. 

Blue Jay. 

Maryland Yellow Throat. 
Red-winged Blackbird. 
Black-billed Cuckoo. 
Oven Bird. 

Barn Swallow. 

Phoebe. 

Baltimore Oriole. 

Cat Bird. 

Chick-a-dee. 

Flicker. 

Bobolink. 

Eave Swallow. 

Downy Woodpecker. 


MAMMALS, 


Fawn. 

Albino Virginia Deer. 
2 Red Squirrels. 
Weasel. 

2 Moles. 


FISH. 
Gar Fish. 


Prof. Austin C. Apgar died March 4th, 1908. 


Three years have passed. 


When his death came so suddenly 


the thoughts that occurred to every one were of how much he 
would be missed from the different activities with wHich he had 
‘been so intimately associated: the Normal School where he had 
taught for over forty years, the scientific associations with which 
the had worked, the authors’ circle in which he had been an 


2 MUS 


18 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


attractive figure, the church where he had worshiped, and the 
social circle that he had illumined. 

The three years that have passed have given opportunity for 
the emotions of grief to soften and yield a place to the clearing 
recognition of his actual service in bringing the public mind to 
a better understanding of that which is—relatively speaking— 
of real value in education. 

Prof. Apgar came to his thoughtful period in young manhood 
at a time when the general character of education in all of the 
schools was largely abstract, categorical, given to symbols. 
Very much time was spent in calling letters and sounds and 
words in language and numbers and problems in mathematics 
and in talking a great deal about traditions and fancies that had 
come as an inheritance to the schools from the old philosophies 
and fictions, and very little time was given to the study in any 
satisfactory manner of the real problems with which the pupil 
was surrounded and which were to make up the substance of 
his actual life. 

Prof. Apgar’s young mind had what would be termed a prac- 
tical bent. He was born “close to nature’ in a country place. 
The first objects that presented themselves to his awakening 
senses were the trees, the flowers, the birds, and the animals of 
the field, and the first problems that presented themselves to his 
‘mind were the solution of the uses of these objects of nature. 
He as naturally turned to these problems as a flower turns its 
face to the sun. It should be said of him that he was never a 
student of books, always a student of nature. Others went on 
field excursions as a matter of theory, and for the accomplish- 
ment of a special purpose. He was born in the fields. He could 
not tear himself from them, and his greatest delight was in lead- 
ing others to them. 

There is at this time a large and growing demand for a more 
practical education, a nearer approach to real things, whether in 
mechanics, agriculture, horticulture, or social organization. As 
one studies and appreciates this demand and lends his sympathy 
and support to it, how Prof. Apgar’s practices and teachings 
come back with renewed force and significance. His plant les- 
sons, in which the children were taught to see the actual processes 


REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 19 


of germination, what moisture in fertilization and soil conditions 
meant to growing vegetation, were suggestions of the greater 
movements and activities of the universities and scientific socie- 
ties of to-day in their efforts through the pure food laws, and so 
forth, to establish through chemical analyses the values of fertil- 
izers in restoring the exhausted qualities of the soils, and in 
producing through irrigation, grafting, exchanging of seeds, and 
so on, the adaptation of conditions to needs, and the relations of 
soils to products. 

This illustration of the suggestiveness of his work in plant 
life was paralleled in his studies of animal life, their foods, their 
habits, their uses. 

Prof. Apgar belonged to the school of instructors who are now 
classed as formalists simply because they were really the dis- 
coverers and found it necessary to spend much time in naming 
and classifying the various objects of interest. In this capacity 
he was a pioneer in bringing to notice very much of that which 
is now recognized as true of the flora, the plants, the trees, and 
the fish life, and birds and other animals of our State, but over 
and above what he did in contributing to the benefits of mankind 
in directing them to see real uses and real adaptation, his person- 
ality will stand out in his recognition of real art in nature, and 
of the Divine Being in his works. 

James M. Green. 


Prof, Apgar was one of the strongest advocates and promo- 
ters for the establishment of the New Jersey State Museum. He 
was one of the best and most successful educators New Jersey 
has ever had. As the head of the Department of Birds and 
Flora, he did very excellent work in this department of the Mu- 
seum. As a true friend and an enthusiastic worker, we have 
known him personally for more than forty-five years. None 
knew him but to love him. His death was a great loss to the 


State and to the Museum. 
S. R. MORSE, 


Curator. 


FAK) LI. 


(21) 


THE PLANTS 


or 


SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY 


With Especial Reference to the 


FLORA OF THE PINE BARRENS 


And the Geographic Distribution 
of the Species 


By WITMER STONE 


Curator Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 
Fellow of the American Ornithologists’ Union, 
Member Philadelphia Botanical Club. 


TRENTON, N. J. 
1911. 


PREFACE. 


The writer began his botanical studies in Chester County, 
Pennsylvania, under the guidance of the classic Flora Cestrica 
of Dr. Darlington, and was fairly familiar with the plant life of 
this portion of the Piedmont country before he ever visited the 
Coastal Plain to the eastward. The first trip to the Pine Bar- 
rens, at Egg Harbor City, July 21, 1889, he will probably 
never forget. It was one of those delightful little excursions 
of botanists which, once a week, left Philadelphia for a day’s 
tramp, under the leadership of the late Dr. J. Bernard Brinton. 
Nearly everything was new, and the contrast between the flow- 
ers of this wonderful Pine country and the more prosaic flora of 
Pennsylvania’s agricultural district made an impression and 
started an inquiry that were largely responsible for the produc- 
tion of the present volume. 

Other work, however, interfered for some years with the 
prosecution of botanical studies of any sort, and it remained for 
a joint meeting of the Philadelphia and Torrey Botanical Clubs, 
at Toms River, July 4th, 1900, to provide the stimulus which 
led to definite plans for a Flora of the Pine Barrens. The interim 
had witnessed a wonderful change in the status of American 
botany. The Illustrated Flora had appeared, and under its stim- 
ulus botanists were even daring to find new species right at 
home and to describe them as new, without regard to what 
Gray’s Manual might have to say on the subject. The old solid 
board field-presses, covered with oilcloth and provided with 
carpet-bag handles, which had superseded the historic vasculum 
at the time of the Egg Harbor trip, had been supplanted by 
light slat presses, and, instead of carrying into the field twenty- 
five felt dryers and a like number of folders and exhausting 
one’s gray matter in deciding just which twenty-five plants we 
should select for specimens, we now carried afield only folders 


(25) 


26 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


or single sheets, but enough to enable us to preserve 150 speci- 
mens, if necessary. 

The writer’s collections and notes on the South Jersey plants 
accumulated rapidly, and the arrangement of the data was for- 
tunately well under way when Professor Morse offered to pub- 
lish them, as part of his annual Museum Report. The basis of 
the present work is the field work of the author and his friends, 
the South Jersey material in the herbaria listed below and 
the published records contained in the several botanical works 
dealing with the region. Wherever possible, an actual her- 
barium specimen is cited for every locality mentioned under each 
species, so that questions of correct identification can readily be 
settled in the future by consulting this material. This plan has 
been followed even in the cases of common species, since general 
statements leave much to be desired that is sometimes supplied by 
actual records. The number of records is, however, no index to 
the relative abundance of a species, this matter being covered by 
the preliminary statement based upon much additional field data. 
The statements regarding the occurrence and abundance of the 
wide-ranging species in northern New Jersey, are taken direct 
from Britton’s Catalogue. Published records not backed by 
actual specimens cannot well be ignored, and they have, in 
nearly all cases, been included in the text. When they. have 
been proven to be wrong, or seem exceedingly doubtful, they 
are referred to in foot-notes, and where there seems no reason 
to question their accuracy they are included with the other rec- 
ords, but distinctly marked as to their source. In rare cases of 
exceedingly difficult groups where such records are of no par- 
ticular additional value to the definite knowledge already pos- 
sessed, and where the exact application of the names used is in 
doubt, they have been omitted. 


LIST OF HERBARIA, 


Academy of Natural Sciences——The Local Herbarium coy- 
ering roughly an area of seventy miles around Philadelphia, was 
begun in 1891, upon the founding of the Philadelphia Botanical 
Club, by the donation of a collection belonging to Isaac C. Mar- 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 27 


tindale, one of the founders of the club. The members imme- 
diately began to contribute specimens, the most important South 
Jersey collections coming from J. H. Grove, of New Egypt; 
Charles D. Lippincott, of Swedesboro; and Benjamin Heritage, 
of Mickleton; other contributors being Dr. J. Bernard Brinton, 
Albrecht Jahn, Charles S. Williamson. 

Soon after, Dr. Ida A. Keller presented her entire local her- 
barium. Of later years, extensive collections were made by Sam’l 
S. VanPelt and Bayard Long, while numerous contributions 
were received from Edwin B. Bartram, Dr. John W. Eckfeldt, 
W. A. Poyser, Henry A. Lang, Francis W. Pennell, Stewardson 
Brown, George W. Bassett, Witmer Stone. Upon the death of 
the veteran botanist, Mr. Charles EF. Smith, his entire collection 
of local plants was bequeathed to the Academy andi added to the 
herbarium. 

The general herbarium of the Academy contained New Jersey 
material collected by all the famous botanists from the time of 
Nuttall and Pursh down, but outside of Nuttall’s collection and 
those of S. W. Conrad, of Burlington, and Dr. Joseph Carson, 
and W. Wynne Wister, there were probably no complete her- 
baria, the specimens being duplicates or special donations. Such 
material was received from Diffenbaugh, Pickering, Read, Du- 
rand, Z. Collins, A. H. Smith, Canby, Parker, and Burk. Later 
on, the valuable local herbaria of Stewardson Brown, Joseph 
Crawford and Alexander MacElwee, were presented to the 
Academy, all rich in South Jersey material, while C. F. Saunders 
presented a number of specimens. 

In 1910 and 1911, all of the local material in the general her- 
barfium was incorporated in the local herbarium, which has thus 
become one of the most complete and extensive local collections 
in America. 

Since 1903, this local herbarium has been under the care of 
Mr. S. 9. VanPelt, aided during the past two years by Mr. Bay- , 
ard Long, both of whom volunteered their services and have 
brought the collection to its present high standard. The thou- 
sands of plants which they have themselves collected, and which 
Mr. Van Pelt has so carefully mounted, are unsurpassed as her- 
barium specimens. 


28 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


The South Jersey material contained in this herbarium has 
been carefully estimated at 14,000 sheets. For permission to 
avail myself of its riches, I am under obligations to the Academy 
and the Club and for various aid and assistance, to Mr. Steward- 
son Brown, Conservator of the Botanical Section in charge of the 
Academy’s herbaria, and to Messrs. VanPelt and Long. 

Princeton University—Comprises the collection of Mr. 
Charles F. Parker, one of the best authorities on the flora of 
the Pine Barrens, and a number of other New: Jersey plants, 
received from various sources. Mr. Parker’s herbarium contains 
probably 3,000.specimens from the region covered by the present 
report, including nearly all those which served as the basis for 
the records published in Britton’s catalogue, on the authority of 
Parker. The majority of the specimens were carefully examined, 
especially those mentioned by Britton. For this privilege I am 
indebted to Prof. George Macloskie. 

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.—This contains the herba- 
rium of Mr, Isaac Martindale, containing a great many New 
Jersey specimens, only a small portion examined. 

University of Pennsylvania.—tThis herbarium: contains the 
private herbaria of Dr. Joseph Leidy, Dr. J. Bernard Brinton, 
Isaac Burk, all of them rich in South Jersey plants, and valuable 
collections made by Dr. J. M. Macfarlane: and Dr. John W. 
Harshberger. There are approximately 3,500 specimens from 
our region. 

For permission to examine this collection I am indebted to the 
last two gentlemen. 

New Jersey Geological Survey. —This herbarium, preserved 
at New Brunswick, consists of some 5,000 sheets, probably half 
of them from our area, and forms the basis of Dr. N. L. Britton’s 
catalogue of New Jersey plants published by the survey in 1883. 
Prof. B. D. Halstead gave me every facility for making a careful 
examination of the collection. 

State Museum, Trenton, N. J—Two important herbaria be- 
long to this institution. (1) That of Mr. C, S. Gross, formerly 
of Landisville, containing about 2,000 sheets of plants from this 
vicinity, Pancoast, Pleasant Mills, Mays Landing, ee. (2) That 
of Prof. Austin P. Apgar, formerly of Trenton. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 29 


-. Torrey Botanical Club.—Contains epee 2,000 sheets from 
within our range. 

Witmer Stone.—A local herbarium containing 5,000 sheets of 
southern New Jersey plants, obtained during the past ten years. 
Many of the collections were made in company with Mr. Van 
Pelt and other members of the Philadelphia Botanical Club, and 
much’ of the material is duplicated in the Academy’s herbarium. 
- Bayard Long.—A herbarium of the plants of Long Beach 
Island, comprising 2,000 specimens.. Most of Mr. Long’s collec- 
tions have been presented to the Academy, but this series he ‘has 
retained for study. a 

Benjamin Heritage —Contains a full series of plants from the 
country about Mickleton and a number from other parts of our 
region, 

Charles D. Lippincott _A ‘fine series of the plants of Sade: 
boro and vicinity and. many from other parts of southern New 
Jersey. 

O. H. Brown.—A very fill.collection of the plants of lower 
Cape May County; probably 2,500 specimens. 


Portions of the Herbaria of Dr. Thos..S. Githens, of Philadel- 


phia (since presented to the Academy) ; Dr. Joseph Stokes, of 
Moorestown; Messrs..M. and A. N. Leeds, and Mr. C. S. Wil- 
liamson, of Philadelphia, have also been examined. 

Number of sheets of southern New Jersey plants examined in 
connection with the a oF this report: 
Academy of Natural Sic: Philadelphia, Bees ie nvicheetare tha Bans 14,000 


Herbarium of Witmer SLOG: agiage layed sommes us vane iarong ies yes . 5,000 
N. J. State Herbarium, New Brunswick, Lue ees Sait beatae whale weather 2,000 
N. J. State Herbarium, Trenton, .........; ka aston Kan feesiginendier mae NG 1,000 
Herbarium Torrey Botanical Club, -....... Sea avec’ eee ane ohe 1,000 
Herbarium of Princeton University, ...........-- oe pea eye ees 2,000 
Herbarium of University of Pennsylvania, ht ae ay wes ie $3 Se ++ 2,000 
Herbarium of Bayard. Long, ...0.6....065 Ae ane Teh RL SEA 2,000 
Herbarium of Chas. D. Lippincott, ........ iatena ga E vaupenad Geir ee tes 1,000 
Herbarium of Benj.. Heritage, .........--...6005. Reena edu uiens .» 1,000 
Herbarium of O. H. Brown ........ccce cece eee renee ees bo acestaca ate ae 1,000 


Herbaria of Dr. Thos. S. Githens and others, .......... adie cen “24+ 1,000 


ae 


30 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Much field work has been planned and carried out in connec- 
tion with the preparation of this report, which has resulted in 
the addition of many thousands of specimens to the herbaria of 
the Philadelphia Academy and the writer, and added greatly 
to his understanding of the several botanical regions here con- 
sidered and their relationships. ; 

At the time of Dr. Brinton’s weekly field trips, certain historic 
localities were visited year after year, with the object of obtain- 
ing special desirable species known to occur there. The distribu- 
tion of the various plants appealed more especially to the writer, 
and he realized the necessity of broader field work in order to 
secure data for this line of study. He therefore made efforts to 
visit as many new localities each year as possible, selecting spots 
that from their location on the map looked promising. This 
work was ably seconded later by Messrs. S. S. Van Pelt and 
Bayard Long. Some of these excursions proved barren of 
results, but the majority added many additional stations for 
plants hitherto known from only a few localities. The collecting 
of common species was prosecuted quite as diligently as the 
search for rarities, since the herbaria were lamentably weal in 
their representation of well-known plants. The collecting) of 
series of specimens of the same species was not considered de- 
sirable in the old days, and the writer well remembers his good 
friend and preceptor, Mr. John H. Redfield,* conservator of the 
Academy’s botanical collections, carefully examining the herba- 
rium to see if there might be room on a sheet to mount an 
additional duplicate that had been recently obtained. If there 
were not, the specimen was generally rejected rather than use up 
a new sheet of mounting paper. One cannot but wonder what 
the older botanists would have thought of the vast herbaria of 
to-day, in which “genus covers” have been supplanted by “species 
covers,” so rapidly has material accumulated. 

The accompanying map will show approximately the country 
covered by the field work of Messrs. Van Pelt, Long; and the 


* 1815-1895. ‘To Mr. Redfield’s generous care the preservation of the many 
valuable herbaria at the Academy is largely due. He devoted many years of 
his life gratuitously to their care and arrangement at a time when such 
attention was imperative. Cf. Torrey Bull. XX. 162 for sketch of his life, 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERIN NEW JERSEY. 31 


writer, from 1900 to 1910, inclusive. Some localities were 
visited many times and at all seasons, others only once or twice, 
but constantly increasing knowledge of the conditions governing 
plant life in this region usvally made it possible to determine 
whether or not additional trips were worth while. 


Fig. 1—Field work of Messrs. Van Pelt, Long and Stone, 1900-1910, indi- 
cated by heavy black lines. Circles indicate ground covered by resident 
botanists. : 

The north central and northeastern portions of our area have 
been least studied, mainly because of their remoteness from 
Philadelphia, and also because their flora has but little bearing 
upon that of the Pine Barrens, with which this report is more 


32 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


especially concerned. Further exploration of upper Monmouth 
and Burlington Counties would probably only add to the number 
of stations for the more boreal species, known to straggle down 
into the coastal plain, and would increase our knowledge of the 
true flora of the latter region but little. 

At certain stations within our range we have been fortunate 
enough to have resident botanists who have become authorities 
on the plants of their home neighborhood, and who, by their 
collections (referred to above) and cordial co-operation, have 
rendered valuable assistance in this work—Messrs. J. H. Grove, 
of New Egypt; Benjamin Heritage, of Mickleton; Charles D. 
Lippincott, of Swedesboro; George W. Bassett, of Hammonton, 
and O. H. Brown, of Cape May. 

The writer has made a rather exhaustive study of the flora 
about Medford, where, in conjunction with some fellow-natural- 
ists, he has maintained a cabin camp for some ten years past, to 
which trips of two to four days’ duration have been made at all 
seasons of the year and 750 specimens collected. 

Mr. Bayard Long has made a similar study of the flora of Long 
Beach Island, where he has a summer home. Some 109 days 
have been spent here during the past few years and a collection 
of 2,000 specimens obtained: 

Several wagon trips from Medford to the Plains have been 
taken by the writer and some fellow-naturalists, one of a week’s 
duration, others of two or three days, and two visits of several 
days’ duration were made to Farmingdale in May and July, 1910, 
by Messrs. S. Brown, B. Long, VanPelt and Stone, of the Phila- 
delphia Botanical Club, and Mr. Norman Taylor, of the Torrey 
Club. 

With the exception of the above the collecting trips have been 
one-day affairs. Trips made by Messrs. Long, VanPelt and 
Stone during the past ten years number 329; some were indi- 
vidual trips, others were participated in by two or three, while 
additional members of the Philadelphia Botanical Club often took 
part, especially Messrs. Stewardson Brown, Charles S. William- 
son, Dr. J. W. Eckfeldt, Francis W. Pennell, George W. Bassett 
and O. H. Brown, to all of whom the writer is indebted for valu- 
able assistance. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 33 


The writer has also traveled over all the railroads traversing 
South Jersey, and car-window data and general note-book records 
of conspicuous species have been used as supplementary evi- 
dence in estimating abundance in the general statements accom- 
panying each species. 

The entire series of South Jersey plants in the Academy her- 
barium was gone over critically by the writer in 1908, and subse- 
quently much of this material has been reviewed by Mr. Bayard 
Long and many difficult groups have been worked over by one or 
both of the above. Other questions of the identity of various 
South Jersey species have been investigated by members of the 
Philadelphia Botanical Club, whose work has been of the greatest 
benefit to the writer. In this connection, too, he must express his 
indebtedness to a number of botanists who have directly or in- 
directly aided his work by identifying material sent to them or 
by examining specimens in their institutions—Prof. M. L. 
Fernald, Dr. B. L. Robinson, Dr. N. L. Britton, Dr. J. K. Small, 
Mr. Norman Taylor, Mr. A. S. Hitchcock, Mrs. Agnes Chase, 
Mr. K. K. Mackenzie. 

The statements on the time of flowering and fruiting of each 
species have been drawn up almost entirely by Mr. Bayard Long 
from the Academy Herbarium, his own and that of the writer. 
The results form an exceedingly valuable contribution to a sub- 
ject that is too often treated loosely and accompanied by little or 
no original research. Mr. Long has prepared some account of 
the methods employed and the objects sought in this investiga- 
tion, which will be found on p. 115. 

As explained beyond (p. 70), ecologic problems have neces- 
sarily received scant attention, the aim of the work being to 
present facts of distribution from a geographic point of view for 
all plants of the region as a necessary preliminary to more com- 
prehensive discussions of both geographic and ecologic distribu- 
tion in the future. 

While a local flora such as the present one is of the greatest 
assistance to the student, it is impossible to expect it to take the 
place of a Manual. Every botanist must have access to either 
Britton’s Manual, the new Gray’s Manual or one of the more 


3 MUS 


34 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


popular works of like character. The present work is to be i 
garded as supplementary to these, to show exactly what species 
are present in southern New Jersey and their distribution and 
relative abundance. 

Popular or historical accounts of some of the more striking or 
noted species are added, however, and to meet the request of the 
Museum authorities, keys, which are in some cases unavoidably 
based on the same characters as those of the manuals, but in 
others largely original and supplementary to the latter have been 
prepared, and vernacular names given for each species. 

So far as the resources of the library of the Academy of Nat- 
ural Sciences of Philadelphia have permitted, the original place 
of publication has been looked up, the reference verified and the 
type locality stated. Where the latter is general or where several 
localities are mentioned no attempt has been made to sift the 
matter to the bottom, since this usually involves the selection or 
examination of a type specimen, as so admirably explained in 
Hitchcock’s paper on the types of North American grasses and 
in the monograph of the genus Panicum by Hitchcock and 
Chase. About one hundred additional references to volumes 
not in Philadelphia were verified at the New York Botanical 
Garden with the courteous aid of Dr. J. H. Barnhart, and a few 
others at Cambridge by Prof. M. L. Fernald. Only one refer- 
ence remains unverified (p. 527). 

As to nomenclature the botanist in America, at least, is on the 
horns of a dilemma. He can follow either the Vienna Code* ‘or 
the American Code.+ Should he be also a zodlogist he will prob- 
ably find it quite impossible to accept certain of the features of 
these codes which are at variance with the International Zoologi- 
cal Code (virtually identical with the A. O. U. Code). 

The broad problems of Zodlogical and Botanical nomencla- 
ture are identical. The zodlogists have been “playing the game” 
seriously, longer than the botanists, and it seems logical to infer 
that, with the same tools to work with and the same object in 
view, men of the same intellectual ability will eventually adopt 


* Cf. Rhodora, March, 1907, pp. 29-55. 
+Cf. Bull. Torr, Bot. Club, April, 1907, pp. 167-178. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERIN NEW JERSEY. 35 


the same methods. Ina great many particulars the recent botani- 
cal codes are already in accord with those framed by zodlogists. 

The principal points in which they differ are as follows: 

I. The Vienna Code believes in a list of generic “Nomina Con- 
servenda”’ which shall be excluded from the operations of the 
law of priority. Such reservation is not allowed by the Ameri- 
can or the Zodlogical Codes, and is contrary to the basic prin- 
ciple of our rules governing nomenclature. 

II. The Vienna Code does not recognize the principle of types 
which constitutes the only possible basis for a stable nomencla- 
ture. 

III. The Vienna Code places species and sub-species on differ- 
ent planes, so that a plant may bear one name if it is recognized 
as a species and another if it is called a sub-species. This plan 
was long ago rejected by zodlogists and was not adopted by the 
original American Botanical Code, although the later one has 
followed the Vienna Code in this respect, a distinctly retrograde 
step, in the opinion of the writer. 

In the present report no attempt has been made to revise the 
nomenclature. ‘The names given in Britton’s Manual have been 
adopted except where changes have been suggested in subse- 
quent publications. In such instances an investigation has been 
made into the merits of the proposed change and a decision 
reached in accordance with the American Botanical Code, except 
in the treatment of species and sub-species in separate categories, 
a most pernicious rule which botanists will in all probability ulti- 
mately reject. The original spelling of each name has also been 
followed except in the case of obvious typographical errors, and 
all specific names have been written with a lower case initial let- 
ter, according to the custom prevalent among zodlogists, while 
only one authority, the authority of the specific or subspecific 
name has been given. 

In the matter of genera considerable diversity of opinion exists 
as to how many it is desirable to admit, but no departure has here 
been made from those recognized in Britton’s Manual. The ques- 
tion is wholly one of individual opinion and involves the problem 
of just what use we propose to make of technical nomenclature. 
The more sub-genera we raise to generic rank the less meaning 


36 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


do the names convey to the general botanist, as the mind’s 
capacity for retaining names is limited. On the other hand, if we 
wish to recognize every group which shows any slight difference 
of structure by a distinct generic name, we are building our 
nomenclature on a purely evolutionary basis; we are emphasiz- 
ing differences rather than resemblances between groups, and the 
generic name becomes less and less a clue to the systematic posi- 
tion of the plants which it comprises. Phylogenetic relationships 
can be expressed just as well by sub-generic headings in manuals, 
etc., and it is a serious question whether the objects of a generic 
name are not better attained if it is used in as broad a sense as 
possible. 

The synonymy given under each species consists of the cita- 
tion of the original place, of publication, with the type locality in 
all cases where the reference has been personally verified, and 
all published references to the plant in southern New Jersey, 
mainly in Pursh’s Flora, Michaux’s Flora, Nuttall’s Genera, Bar- 
ton’s Flora and the catalogues of Knieskern, Willis, Britton, and 
Keller & Brown. In the last, as well as in the works of Barton 
and Willis, many general statements occur which are evidently in- 
tended to cover southern New Jersey, but unless this region is 
especially mentioned these references are not cited, since the state- 
ments are based largely upon conditions farther north or on the 
Pennsylvania side of the Delaware, and do not apply at all to the 
region under consideration. Not a few of Dr. Britton’s general 
statements, too, while doubtless true for the northern part of the 
State, are quite erroneous for our region. 

The illustrations are, all of them, made especially for this work. 
The full-page plates are from beautiful water-color paintings by 
Mr. Hugh E. Stone, which unfortunately lose much of their force 
in half-tone reproduction. Mr. Stone also prepared the line 
drawings. The smaller figures and views are from photographs 
taken by Messrs. Stewardson Brown, T. M. Lightfoot and 
Bayard Long, while the cones, grasses and sedges were photo- 
graphed from specimens under the author’s supervision. 

To all those mentioned in the above pages, especially to Mr. 
Bayard Long, the writer wishes to express his obligations, as 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERIN NEW JERSEY. 37 


well as to Mr. Silas R. Morse, Curator of the New Jersey State 
Museum, for his assistance and encouragement. 

Owing to the extremely short time available for the final prepa- 
ration of the manuscript and the rapidity with which it was put 
through the press, many minor errors and inconsistencies have, 
no doubt, crept in, which would have been avoided had there been 
more time for revision. Many additional records have also come 
to light too late to be included, but a work of this kind is never 
complete, and if it paves the way for more thorough work along 
similar lines, its purpose will have been accomplished. 

WITMER STONE. 

September I, IgII. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The object of this report is to present a complete list of the 
native plants known to grow in the coastal plain region of New 
Jersey, or, more exactly, in that part of the State lying south of 
the northern boundaries of Burlington and Monmouth counties, 
together with an outline of their distribution within this area 
and some account of the characteristics, habitat and history of 
the more important species. 

The demand for such a report is threefold: 

(1.) It supplies to teachers and students a local botany, to be 
used in conjunction with the general botanical manual, which 
must be in the hands of all; showing them exactly which of the 
plants described in the more general work are to be found in 
southern New Jersey, and in what sections they should be looked 
for. 

(2.) It presents to botanists of New Jersey and elsewhere a 
study in geographical distribution, which may be used in connec- 
tion with similar reports from other parts of the country in 
solving the more general problems of the distribution of life. 

(3.) It places on permanent record the present condition and 
history of one of the most interesting botanical areas in the 
United States; which is still one of the most extensive areas in 
the Middle States left in primeval condition, but which is rapidly 
undergoing the inevitable changes incident to deforestation, cul- 
tivation and settlement—the Pine Barrens of New Jersey. 


LIFE ZONES AND FLORAL BELTS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.* 


It was the original intention to consider in this report only 
the flora of the Pine Barrens, but it soon became evident that a 


*Cf, C. Hart Merriam, Geographic Distribution of Life in North America, 
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., VII, 1-64, 1892. Laws of Temperature Control of 
the Geographic Distribution of Terrestrial Animals and Plants, Nat. Geog. 
Mag., 1804, 229-238. Geographic Distribution of Animals and Plants in 
North America, Year Book U. S. Dept. Agr. 1894, 203-214. ; 

J. A. Allen, Geographic Distribution of North American Mammals, Bull. 
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIV, 199-244, 1892. 


+ (39) 


40 REPORT OF NEW JERSHY STATE MUSEUM. 


proper understanding of its nature involved a thorough knowl- 
edge of the plants of the contiguous areas which, together with 
it, constitute the coastal plain section of the state. Furthermore, 
as it is necessary in a detailed study of distribution to have some 
definite boundary line, the limit above mentioned was selected. 
While this does not exactly coincide with the upper edge of the 
coastal plain, it comes quite close to it and does not include any 
of the higher ground above the fall line. 

The coastal plain extends north of Burlington and Monmouth 
Counties to a line connecting Trenton and Bound Brook, thence 
to Passaic and Hackensack behind the Palisades, and includes 
all the low country adjacent to the Hackensack marshes as well 
as Staten Island, part of Long Island and the immediate coast 
district of southern New England. In New Jersey this involves 
parts of Mercer, Middlesex, Union, Hudson, Essex, Passaic 
and Bergen Counties, and, while the ranges of many southern 
New Jersey plants touch them all, the higher parts of these 
counties harbor so many northern plants that to include them 
would be confusing. Moreover, no southern plants occur in this 
northern extension of the coastal plain which do not also occur 
south of our boundary line. 

This coastal plain region of New Jersey has always attracted 
the attention of naturalists because of the striking differences 
that are presented by its flora and fauna as compared with those 
of the higher ground of the Piedmont country to the north and 
west of it. ‘Pennsylvanians often liken it to a bit of the Southern: 
States that has been transported northward. Its climate in winter 
is certainly milder; there is rarely a heavy snowfall, and what 
does fall soon disappears, while many southern species of plants 
and insects and a few birds and mammals are found there which. 
are unknown to the west of Philadelphia or elsewhere beyond the 
fall line. 

It may seem incongruous to find a “southern flora and fauna” 
by going eastward, as we do in the vicinity of Philadelphia, but 
this is easily explained when we examine a map of the life zones 
of North America. A's Dr. Merriam has shown, temperature is 
one of the chief—if not the chief—factors in fixing the bound- 
aries of these zones. If the surface of the earth were level, they 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 41 


would encircle the globe like the parallels of latitude—the trop- 
ical zone at the equator, followed by the austral, transition, 
boreal and arctic as we pass toward the north pole. ‘The inter- 
‘vention of a mountain chain, like the Alleghanies, however, run- 
ning in a general way at right angles to the life zones, materially 
alters their direction. The higher elevations carry the boreal 
zone far southward, while the other zones, covering successively 
lower altitudes, naturally run parallel to the general direction of 
the mountains. We therefore find (1) that the Boreal zone of 
Canada and upper Maine is in evidence on the higher mountain 
tops all the way to western North Carolina, the elevation neces- 
sary to support it becoming higher and higher as we go south- 
ward; (2) the Transition (Alleghanian) zone of our northern 
tier of States, which covers most of New England and New 
York, spreads southward over all of central Pennsylvania and 
northern New Jersey, and follows the mountains on both slopes 
to North Carolina, northern Georgia and eastern Tennessee; (3) 
the Upper Austral (Carolinian) zone, covering Illinois, Indiana 
and Ohio, sweeps southward, rounding the lower extremity of 
the Alleghanies, and then, bending northward again, flanks the 
Transition all the way to southeastern Pennsylvania and southern 
' New Jersey, sending up terminal arms into the valleys of the 
Susquehanna, Delaware, Hudson and Connecticut rivers, cover- 
ing Staten Island and western Long Island, and leaving its trace 
on the southern coast of New England. Below the Carolinian 
lies the Lower Austral zone (Austro-riparian), which covers the 
region between the seashore and a line drawn from the mouth of 
the Potomac to middle Georgia; thence it bends northward to 
the juncture of the Ohio and Mississippi, and thence southwest. 
The Cape Charles peninsula belongs to this zone, and a slight 
tinge is seen in the plant and bird life of southern Delaware and 
possibly of extreme southwestern New Jersey. 

Consequently, with the life zones running northeast and south- 
west, we experience the same sequence of animal and plant life 
in traveling from the higher Alleghanies of Pennsylvania to the 
seacoast of southern New Jersey as we do in coming from Maine 
southward at sea level. 


42 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FLORA OF THE COASTAL PLAIN AND 
THAT OF THE PIEDMONT REGION. 


The line separating the coastal plain from the Piedmont region 
to the west of it is known as the fall line and is marked through- 
out its extent by a more or less abrupt change of level. As 
already stated there is an appreciable difference in climatic con- 
ditions as we pass east or west of this line, and a more striking 
difference in soil conditions, the coastal plain being for the most 
part covered with sand and gravel in marked contrast to the 
heavier soils of the Piedmont. ‘There are also frequent rock 
outcrops and rapid tumbling streams in the latter region, which 
are entirely lacking in the flat stretches of southern New Jersey. 
Historically, too, there are ample reasons for differences between 
the two regions, as the vastly older land of the Piedmont area 
was undoubtedly covered with vegetation ‘before the coastal 
plain was elevated above the sea. 

Hence it is not surprising that we should find a decided differ- 
ence in the plant life of these two areas. 

In the life-zone maps issued by the United States Department 
of Agriculture, and based mainly upon the distribution of birds 
and mammals, we shall notice that the line of demarcation be- 
tween the Transition and Carolinian Zones is much further back 
towards the mountains than the line separating the coastal plain 
flora from that of the uplands. It is, however, well known that 
Carolinian birds and mammals are everywhere taking advantage 
of deforestation and cultivation to push northward, so that it is 
quite conceivable that the two lines may have been much more 
nearly identical in Pennsylvania and New Jersey under primeval 
conditions. 

Whether the fall line ever did form the boundary between the 
faunal zones, there is no question but that it still marks a great 
change in plant life. 

Farther south, however, it seems that a great many coastal 
plain plants range far west of the fall line, so that its effect 
upon distribution is less: potent southward or else it coincides in 
the north more nearly with a line of demarcation in plant life 
due to other influences. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 43 


In plant distribution we have to reckon with other factors in 
addition to temperature, which are only indirectly instrumental 
in the distribution of vertebrate animals or are not at all in 
evidence. 

(1) Soil conditions play a very important part in the distribu- 
tion of plants, and (2) the past geological changes in the region, 
which necessarily caused great alterations in the ranges of both 
animals and plants, have often left their mark in the isolated 
colonies of plants still found in spots far removed from the 
present general habitat of the species, while in the case of free 
moving animals such cases are rare. 

It should also be borne in mind that the life-zones of to-day 
are not permanently fixed, but are constantly and gradually 
changing, and oftentimes‘ man accelerates these changes very 
materially by clearing forests, draining swamps, etc.* 

The flowering and filicoid plants of the New Jersey coastal 
plain comprise 13737 species. Of this number no less than 807 
are more or less common in the Piedmont region. They are 
either of boreal affinities or plants adapted to richer, heavier soil, 
and have spread southeastward across the fall line into the 
northern and western portions of the New Jersey coastal plain, 
where many of them are still rare or only locally common, some 
of them being restricted to the immediate vicinity of the Dela- 
ware River. Only 181 of them reach the Pine Barrens, and of 
these only 80 are at all abundant, these being species of wide 
range. 

On the other hand, g1 species of austral affinities, which are 
widely distributed over the coastal plain, occur also more or less 
abundantly in the Piedmont region northwest of the fall line, 
though they vary greatly both in abundance and in the extent 
of their distribution westward. 

The remaining 475 species are restricted to the coastal plain 
except for sporadic occurrences here and there in the Piedmont 


* Cf, Trotter, Geological and Geographical Relations of the Land Bird, 
Fauna of Northeastern America. The Auk, 1900, p. 231-233 (especially p. 
230). 

+The figures given here and beyond vary slightly from the actual number 
of species in the list, as a few have been added and a few relegated to foot- 
notes or excluded entirely since this count was made. 


44 REPORT OF NEW JERSHY STATE MUSEUM. 


region, where certain boggy spots seem to furnish the necessary 
conditions for the support of isolated colonies of coastal plain 


species. 


Quite a number of these lowland plants range right 


up to the fall line, occurring more or less plentifully in Pennsyl- 
vania on the strip of land lying between the Delaware River and 
the fall line, especially in Tinicum township, Delaware County, 
and about Bristol and Tullytown, in Bucks County. Among them 


may be mentioned: 


Lycopodium chapmanii. 
" alopecuroides. 
Woodwardia virginica. 
areolata. 
Chamaecyparis thyoides. 
Erianthus saccharoides. 


Andropogon corymbosus abbreviatus. 


Panicum verrucosum. 
scoparium. 
Calamagrostis cinnoides. 

Eragrostis pectinacea. 
Uniola laxa. 

Cyperus lancastriensis, 
Eriophorum virginicum. 
Eleocharis tricostata. 
Rynchospora cymosa. 
Scleria reticularis torreyana. 
Carex folliculata. 

“ barrattii. 

“caroliniana. 
leptalea harperi. 
Xyris torta. 

Juncus dichotomus. 

“ scirpoides. 
Lilium superbum. 
Smilax tamnifolia. 

Iris prismatica. 

Pogonia ophioglossoides. 

Betula populifolia. 

Quercus phellos. 
triloba. 

Magnolia virginiana. 

Drosera longifolia. 

“ rotundifolia. 
Liquidambar styraciflua. 
Spirzea tomentosa. 
Rubus cuneifolius. 
Meibomia laevigata. 


“ 


Strophostylus helvolus. 
Polygala cruciata. 
Crotonopsis linearis. 
Euphorbia ipecacuanhe. 
Ilex glabra, 
Hibiscus moscheutos. 
Ascytum stans. 

re hypericoides. 
Hypericum adpressum. 

ey virgatum ovalifolium. 
gymnanthum. 
Viola brittoniana. 

“ rafinesquii. 
Ludwigia sperocarpon. 
Oenothera laciniata. 
Kneiffia longipedicellata. 
Oxypolis rigidior. 
Clethra alnifolia. 
Leucothoe racemosa. 
Pieris mariana. 
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. 
Sabatia gracilis. 
Limnanthemum lacunosum. 
Asclepias rubra. 
Monarda punctata. 
Linaria canadensis. 
Gratiola aurea. 

Gerardia purpurea. 
Utricularia inflata. 
Lobelia nuttallii. 
Eupatorium verbenefolium. 
te pubescens. 
Solidago neglecta. 
Euthamia caroliniana. 
Aster novi-belgii. 
Bidens trichosperma. 
Senecio crowfordii. 
Carduus spinosissimus. 


“ 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 45 


Certain coastal plain species occur a short distance above the 
fall line along river valleys, and while this is not particularly 
noticeable on the smaller streams flowing into the Delaware from 
eastern Pennsylvania, it is obvious along the Delaware River 
itself for some distance north of Trenton, where Dr. Britton has 
recorded a number of coastal plain species in his Catalogue cf 
New Jersey Plants. 

In the valley of the lower Susquehanna also a number of 
species occur within the limits of Pennsylvania, which do not 
range so far northward elsewhere except in the New Jersey 
coastal plain. Their distribution is, of course, more or less con- 
tinuous down the shores of Chesapeake Bay to the coastal plain 
in Maryland; while they are absent in the intervening Piedmont 
region of southern Pennsylvania. 

Such species are: 


Pinus echinata. Ptelea trifoliata. 
Cyperus lancastriensis. Chionanthus virginianus. 
Blephariglottis peramcena. Asimina triloba. 
Castanea pumila. Dianthera americana. 
Cercis canadensis. Lippia lanceolata. 
Meibomia sessilifolia. Ipomoea lacunosa. 
Phaseolus helvolus. Ruellia ciliosa. 
Opuntia opuntia. Galium concinnum. 
Ilex opaca. Boltonia asteroides, 
Rhus vernix. Willugbzya scandens. 
Evonymus atropurpureus. Tecoma radicans.* 


Acer negundo. 

Some of these, notably Gercis, occur on the upper Delaware 
and Raritan, quite isolated from the general range of the species 
to the southward, but they are everywhere plants of the hilly 
country near the fall line and not coastal plain species. 

The isolated colonies of coastal plain plants in the Piedmont 
region, already referred to, are probably not as numerous as 
formerly, owing to the general tendency to.drain the bogs and 


* Other species occur in the lower Susquehanna Valley which are not 
known from New Jersey and are hence omitted from this list. Many of those 
listed are much more common in the Susquehanna Valley than in that of the 
Delaware, as one would expect in passing nearer to the upper limits of the 
coastal plain, and on the Raritan or lower Hudson all but one or two have 
disappeared. A few species in the list extend casually to southern New 
England along the coast, and a few occur in isolated colonies in other parts 
of southeastern Pennsylvania. 


46 REPORT OF NEW JERSHY STATE MUSEUM. 


swamps which are necessary for their existence. Some, however, 
still survive, and we have fortunately pretty good lists of species 
from others which have bcen destroyed. Probably the most 
remarkable spot of this sort is Frazer’s bog, near Willow Grove, 
Montgomery County. 

Here we find quite a plantation of swamp magnolias, with 
which grow a large number of coastal plain plants. From the 
boyhood of the oldest residents and still earlier, according to the 
reports handed down by their fathers, this bog: has presented 
much the same condition as at present, but more recently strenu- 
ous efforts have been made, with but little success, to fill it in 
and convert it into a meadow. The flora of this bog was ap- 
parently first collected by Mr. C. F. Saunders, later Mr. Alex. 
MacElwee published some notes upon it,* and Mr. S. S. Van 
Pelt and Bayard Long made collections. From these sources as 
well as from my own herbarium the following: list is compiled: 


Panicum lucidum. Limodorum tuberosum. 

- meridionale. Magnolia virginiana. 
Calamagrostis cinnoides. Drosera rotundifolia. 
Agrostis elata. Rubus hispidus. 
Eleocharis tuberculosa. Polygala cruciata. 
Eriophorum virginicum. Rhus vernix. 

Rynchospora glomerata. Acer rubrum carolinianum. 
: alba. Hypericum canadense. 


Scleria reticularis torreyana. 


Carex varia emmonsi. 
“interior. 

atlantica. 

Xyris torta. 

Juncus scirpoides. 

Lilium superbum, 

Aletris farinosa. 

Blephariglottis cristata. 

Pogonia ophioglossoides. 


“ 


Triadenum virginicum. 
Linum striatum. 

Oxypolis rigidior. 
Gaylusaccia dumosa. 
Gentiana saponaria. 
Asclepias rubra. 

Gerardia purpurea, 
Eupatorium verbenzfolium. 
Aster novi-belgii. 


The Smithville swamp, in Lancaster County, is a somewhat 
similar locality, from which Prof. Porter has recorded the 


following : 


* Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1901, pp. 485-486. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 47 


Calamagrostis cinnoides, Arethusa bulbosa. 
Andropogon corymbosus abbreviatus. Blephariglottis ciliaris. 
Scleria triglomerata. Quercus marylandica, 
Carex oblita. Magnolia virginiana. 

“  vestita. Linum striatum. 

“polymorpha. Rhus vernix. 

“  pullata, Polygala nuttallii. 
Orontium aquaticum. Viburnum nudum. 
Juncus debilis. Gaylussacia dumosa. 
Smilax glauca. Leucothoe racemosa. 
Aletris farinosa. , Kalmia angustifolia. 
Cypripedium acaule. Azalea viscosa. 
Pogonia ophioglossoides. : Asclepias rubra. 


The further tabulation of the distribution of coastal plain 
plants in the Piedmont of Pennsylvania and northern New Jersey 
cannot be too highly recommended, as it is likely to throw light 
upon a problem of great importance. 


GENERAL GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE PLANTS COMPRIS- 
ING THE FLORA OF THE NEW JERSEY COASTAL, PLAIN. 


A detailed study of the 1,373 species of flowering and filicoid 
plants which occur in the New Jersey coastal plain shows that 
they are divisible into four categories.* 

(1) Species of wide range north and south through eastern 
North America and sometimes much farther—742 species. 

(2) Species of northern affinities which reach the southern 
limit of their range on the Atlantic coast in or near southern 
New Jersey—121 species. 

(3) Species of southern affinities which range north only as 
far as New Jersey or to the narrow extension of the coastal plain 


*In making up these lists and those which follow, a series of card slips 
was prepared, representing all the species found in the region under con- 
sideration. On each slip was recorded the several districts of southern 
New .Jersey (see beyond). in which the species occurs and the northern 
and southern limit of its distribution in eastern North America, the latter 
being compiled from Britton’s Manual, the new Gray’s Manual, and a 
few recent monographs. The cards were then sorted and re-sorted into the 
various categories and the desired lists and figures readily obtained. 

As this report goes to press, a notable paper by Prof. M. L. Fernald appears 
in Rhodora (1011, pp. 109-162), on the Origin of the Newfoundland Flora, in 
which he adopts nearly the same method of contrasting the several elements 


48 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


which is found on Long Island, N. Y., southern Connecticut 
and Rhode Island and eastern Massachusetts—479 species.{ 
(4) Species of local distribution, restricted to New Jersey 
and portions of the immediately adjacent States lying within the 
coastal plain—31 species. 
PLants oF WipE Rancr.—These species may be divided into 
three groups, as follows: 


Ranging throughout North America, .........cee cece eset e eee tnenceree 22 

Newfoundland—New Brunswick on the north to Virginia—Florida.on 
the ‘south; accacayeacadeaeceses vss en gation be eee saanee ee nneaiene oe 420 

Maine—Vermont to Virginia—Florida, ...........cc cece cence cere enees 300 


As already said, many of these plants barely enter our region 
on the northwest, so that the lower part of New Jersey is really 
on the southern boundary of their range, although since they 
follow the trend of the mountains to the southwest the actual 
southern limit of their range, given in the Manuals, is far down 
in the southern States. the most surprising fact in the study of 
these ranges is the large number of plants which range from the 
far north all the way to Florida and yet are rare or absent in the 
lower part of the New Jersey coastal plain, but the brief data 
of the Manuals is hardly sufficient for detailed studies of distribu- 
tion and many of them may be quite as scarce in Florida as they 
are in southern New Jersey. 

THE NorTHERN ELEMENT.—A’ second group of our New 
Jersey coastal plain plants includes those which find the absolute 
southern limit of their range in this region or close to it, while 
they extend north to Maine or the Canadian provinces. They 
may be divided as follows: 


Canadian Provinces to New Jersey, ........ 0. cc ececcceccccucccuvevenes 60 
Maine: ‘to: New: Jenseyi s5.suieiebeeoisenatceie-y & sasnphycacicsan whee svaloraceua succiove ss Soeur 18 
Vermont or New Hampshire to New Jersey, ...........c.ceccecceceees 3 
Canadian Provinces to Delaware or Maryland, ............-ececeecececs 27 
Maine to Delaware or Maryland, ............ccccecuccnccucecteveuvens 13 

121 


as I have employed in the following pages. He likewise considers al] the 
species native to the region, which, as I have stated elsewhere, is the only 
way to logically discuss the floral relationship of a district. 


+ Cf. Collins, Flora of Lower Cape Cod, Rhodora XI, 125; XII, 8; XIII, 17, 
and Sears, Essex Co. Mass. Rhodora X, p. 42. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 


The detailed lists of species are as follows:. 


CANADIAN PROVINCES TO NEW JERSEY.* 


Isoetes echinosp. braunii mM. 
Lycopodium inundatum m. 
Schizza pusilla ps. 
Potamogeton oakesianus PB, cM. 
Scheuchzeria palustris m. 
Triglochin maritima c. 
Savastana odorata c. 
Spartina michauxiana c, 
Phalaris arundinacea mM. 
Panicularia canadensis m. 
obtusa M; PB, CM. 
te grandis M. 
Scirpus subterminalis pp, cm. 

robustus paludosus c. 
Eriophorum tenellum M, PB, CM. 

gracile M. 
Carex lanuginosa M, c. 

“ trichocarpa M. 
exilis PB. 
livida PB. 

“canescens disjuncta M, PB. 
utriculata M. 

limosa M. 

silicea c. 

Eriocaulon septangulare pp, 
Juncus articulatus c. 

“ pelocarpus M, PB, CM. 
Sisyrinchium angustitolium c. 
Populus tremuloides m, c. 

“  grandidentata M. 


Salix bebbiana m. 

“ lucida c. 
Dondia maritima c. 
Chenopodium rubrum c. 
Moehringia lateriflora M, c. 
Acteea rubra mM. 
Oxygraphis cymbalaria c. 
Nymphea variegata ps. 
Rosa virginiana c. 
Dalibarda repens m. 
Geum strictum Mm. 
Lathyrus maritimus c, 
Corema conradii ps. 
Geranium robertianum c. 
Hypericum boreale c, cm. 

a ellipticum M. 

& ascyron M. 
Polanisia graveolens m. 
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi PB. 
Vaccinium pennsylvanicum m. 
Myriophyllum tenellum m, c 
Glaux maritima c. 
Limosella tenuifolia m, c. 
Menyanthes trifoliata M, cm. 
Utricularia intermedia Ps. 
Plantago decipiens c. 

Aster nemoralis pz. 
Solidago uniligulata px. 
Xanthium commune Mm. 


MAINE TO NEW ‘JERSEY. 


Isoetes canadensis M. 
Potamogeton confervoides PB, Cc. 
Muhlenbergia foliosa m. 
Panicularia laxa M. 
Sporobolus serotinus Ps. 
Elymus striatus M, c. 
Scirpus smithii m. 

a “ setosuis M. 

ie torreyi [Vt.] m. 
Carex interior capillacea [N. H.] 

M, PB. 


Carex annectens M, PB. 

“ umbellata tonsa M, PB. 

e i abdita m. 

“ . festucacea brevior cM. 
Juncus greenii m. 
Chenopodium leptophyllum c. 
Polygonum careyi M, c. 

ee atlanticum c. 

Hypericum majus M. 
Plantago major M, C. 
Eupatorium sessilifolium [Vt.] m. 


49 


* The letters following the names indicate the several divisions of the New 


Jersey coastal plain in which they occur. See p. 57. 
+ Those ranging only to Vt. or N. H. are so marked. 
4 MUS 


50 REPORT OF NEW JERSHY STATE MUSEUM. 


CANADIAN PROVINCES TO DELAWARE OR MARYLAND. 


aoe 
Botrychium neglectum m. 
Puccinellia fasciculata c. 
Rynchospora fusca PB, CM. 
Carex umbellata M, PB, CM. 
“ folliculata M, PB, CM. 
trisperma PB. 
hormathodes c, cM. 
Juncus militaris pp, cM. 
Leptorchis loeselii M, cM, c. 
Salix discolor m. 
“ interior M. 
Betula populifolia ps. 
Sagina procumbens c. 
Alsine longifolia m. 


“ 


“ 


Alsine uliginosa M. 
Anemone canadensis M. 
Potentilla argentea M, C. 
Drymocallis arguta M. 
Vitis vulpina M. 
Callitriche heterophylla m. 
Cicuta bulbifera mM. 
Angelica atropurpurea M. 
Pyrola chlorantha m. 

“  elliptica M. 
secunda M. 
Utricularia clandestina ps. 
Aster radula M. 


“ 


MAINE TO DELAWARE OR MARYLAND. 


Isoetes engelmanni [N. H.] m. 
Dryopteris simulata M, PB. 
Panicum scribnerianum M. 
Agrostis maritima c. 
Panicularia acutiflora m. 
Carex vestita M, CM. 

“  lupuliformis [Vt.] . 


Potentilla pumila M, c. 
Myriophyllum humile M, c, PB. 
Antennaria fallax M. 

a parlinii M, cM, c. 
Bidens connata M, c. 
Carduus odoratus M. 


THE SOUTHERN ELEMENT.—The third group of New Jersey 
coastal plain plants comprises those which find their northern 
limit of distribution in or near this region. They may be grouped 


as follows: 


Brom): Vabs) ssimacearshisa cere. 


N., J. So. N. Y¥.* R.I.or Ct. Mass} 


I 3 14 
7 4 12 
2 4 3 
9 12 24 

58 46 116 

77 69 169 


The detailed lists of species follow: 


* Staten Island and Long Island for the most part. 
+ Usually the immediate coast district or outlying islands. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 51 


NEW JERSEY TO FLORIDA.* 


Lycopodium carolinianum ps. 
Pinus taeda cm. 

“  serotina M, CM. 
Taxodium distychum cm. 
Ceelorachis rugosa cm. 
Erianthus divaricatus [Ga.] pp. 

_ saccharoides M, Cc, CM. 
Andropogon elliotii mM, cm. 
Paspalum membranaceum M, cM. 

- laeve australe c, cm. 

ity cc 
cM. 

as glabratum c, cm. 

st plenipilum c, cm. 
Panicum hemitomon cm. 

a condensum c, cM. 

ot anceps M, CM. 

as angustifolium cm. 
aciculare cm. 

cerulescens cM. 

ee ensifolium [Ga.], PB, cM. 

cs leucothrix PR. 

. wrightianum cM. 

i oligosanthes M, PB, CM. 

scabriusculum Pp. 
es cryptanthum ps. 
& polyanthes [Ga.], M, cm. 
os lanuginosum c, cM. 
Amphicarpon amphicarpon pp, cm. 
Sacciolepis striata cm. 
Chaetochloa magna c, cm. 
Cenchrus tribuloides c. 
Aristida oligantha m. 
ss lanosa M, cM. 
Agrostis elata [Ga.], PB, cM. 
Calamovilfa brevipilis [N. C.] ps. 
Danthonia epilis ps. 
Gymnopogon ambiguus M, cm. 
vi brevifolius M, cM. 
Poa brachyphylla [S.C.]. m, cm. 
Cyperus hystricinus [Ga.] m. 
retrofractus M. 

microdontus cM, ¢c. 

7 lancastriensis [Ga.] M. 

cc pseudovegetus M. 


angustifolium Mm, c, 


Eleocharis tortilis Mm, cm. 
* ocreata CM. 
Rynchospora smallii mM, Ps. 
rariflora cM. 
“ glomerata leptocarpa Ps, 
se filifolia px. 
pallida [N.C.], ps, cm. 
“ oligantha ps, 
e knieskernii [Va.] ps. 
+ axillaris microcephala 
PB. 
cymosa M, CM. 
Fuirena hispida c. 
Fimbristylis autumnalis mM, PB, Cc, CM. 
Scleria pauciflora mM, cM. 
Carex leptalea harperi M, cM. 
Xyris fimbriata ps. 
“« elata cm. 
“  arenicola ps. 
Eriocaulon decangulare ps, cm. 
sf compressum PB, CM. 
Commelina communis mc. 
Juncus setaceus cm. 
Xerophyllum asphodeloides px. 
Tofieldia racemosa PB. 
Uvularia nitida [S. C.] ps. 
Smilax tamnifolia [S.C.] PB, cm. 
sf laurifolia PB, cm. 
me walteri PB, CM. 
Lophiola americana Ps. 
Gymnadeniopsis integra PB. 
eS nivea CM. 
Blephariglottis cristata pp, cM. 
s peramoena [Ga] M. 
cM. 
Pogonia divaricata PB, cM. 
Gyrostachys precox PB, CM. 
Listera australis M, PB. 
Tipularia discolor m, cM. 
Corallorhiza wisteriana mM. 
Myrica cerifera cM, c. 
Castanea pumila m. 
Quercus triloba m, c, cm. 
«  michauxii M. 
Polygonum setaceum cm. 


“ 


* Species ranging only to Va. N. C., S. C., or Ga. are so marked. 


52 REPORT OF NEW JERSRY STATE MUSEUM. 


Polygonum eciliatum cm. 
Phoradendron flavescens M, PB. 
Asimina triloba m. 

Itea virginica PB, cM. 

Malus angustifolia cm. 

Prunus angustifolia m. 

Cercis canadensis M. 
#Eschynomene virginica mM. 
Meibomia stricta M, PB. 


Lespedeza stuvei neglecta [Ga.] cm. 


“ 


oblongifolia PB. 
Bradburya virginiana M, c. 
Polygala incarnata Mm. 

7 mariana PB, CM. 

Rhus toxicodendron [Ga.] Mm, c 
Vitis cordifolia m, c. 
Hypericum densiflorum ps. 

Ke gymnanthum [Ga.] M. 
Viola emarginata [Va.] m, c, cM. 
Rhexia aristosa [Ga.] ps. 
Lythrum lineare c. 

Ludwigiantha arcuata c. 
Ludvigia linearis PB. 

« hirtella ps, cM. 
CEnothera humifusa c. 

f laciniata mc. 
Eryngium aquaticum ps. 
Thaspium trifoliatum [Ga.] N, M. 
Oxypolis rigidior longifolius [S.C.] 

PB 
Dendrium buxifolium ps. 
Vaccinium virgatum pps. 
Chionanthus virginica M. 
Sabbatia lanceolata psp, cm. 
Gentiana porphyrio ps, cM. 
x Ee villosa M. 
Obolaria virginica [Ga.] m. 


Limnanthemum aquaticum M. 
Asclepias rubra PB, CM. 

7 lanceolata c. 
Pyxidanthera barbulata [N.C.] Pe. 
Cuscuta cephalanthi ps. 

Breweria pickeringii [N. C.] ps. 
Lippia lanceolata c. 

Keellia aristata c. 

Gratiola pilosa M, cm. 

ce spherocarpa M, CM. 
Micranthemum micranthemoides M. 
Gerardia racemulosa PB. 

Buchnera americana [Va.] M. 
Melampyrum latifolium Mm. 
Utricularia juncea PB, CM. 
Tecoma radicans M, CM, c. 
Ruellia ciliosa cm. 

Diodia virginiana cm. 
Galium hispidulum cm. 

3 pilosum puncticulosum pp, cM. 
concinnum [Va.] mM. 
Viburnum scabrellum M. 

Lobelia canbyi [S. C.] ps. 

re puberula M, c, cM. 
Lactuca sagittifolia [S. C.] m. 
Nabalus virgatus PB. 

Eupatorium coelestinum M, cM. 
Kuhnia eupatorioides [Ga.] m. 
Lacinaria g. pilosa PB. Cc, CM. 
Solidego stricta PB. 

fistulosa PB, Cc, CM. 

Aster gracilis [N. C.] Pp, c, cm. 
Doellingeria umbellata humilis ps. « 
Pluchea foetida cm. 

Actinomeris alternifolia m. 
Mesadenia reniformis [N. C.] m. 
Senecio tomentosa c, cM. 


“ 


NEW YORK TO FLORIDA, 


Pinus virginiana [S. C.] M. PB. cm. 
Andropogon littoralis c. 
Paspalum laeve circulare c, cm. 
* pubescens [Ga.] M, c. 
Panicum mattamusketense [N. C.] c. 
a lucidum pp, c, cm. 
Uniola laxa M, ¢, co. 


Cyperus ovularis M, c, cM. 

ss flavescens M, PB, C, CM. 
cylindricus PB, c, CM. 
Eleocharis tricostata PB, CM. 
Rynchospora axillaris Ps. 
Fimbristylis castanea c. 
Psilocarya nitens cM. 


“ 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 53 


Carex oblita [N. C.] mM, cm. 

“carolinensis [N C.] m. 
Juncus scirpoides M, c, cM. 

“  dichotomu. M, PB, C, CM. 
Zygadenus leimanthoides [Ga.] M. PB. 
Helonias bullata [N. C.] m, PB, cm. 
Melanthium virginicum [Ga.] M. 
Chrosperma muscaetoxicum M. 
Quercus marilandica PB, c, CM. 

ef phellos m, c, cm. 
Sesuvium maritima c. 

Arenaria caroliniana ps. 
Ranunculus pusillus m. 

Nymphza advena M. 

Capnoides flavulum [Va.] M, cm. 
Cardamine rotundifolia [N. C.] m. 
Hydrangea arborescens M. 
Porteranthus trifoliatus [Va.] m. 
Aronia arbutifolia M, PB, Cc, CM. 
Crategus tomentusus M, PB. 
Stylosanthes biflora M, PB, CM. 
Meibomia levigata M, cM. 

a viridiflora M. 

Galactia regularis M, PB, CM. 

me volubilis cm. 
Strophostyles umbellata M, c, cM. 
Ptelea trifoliata mM. 

Polygala lutea PB, cM. 
Euphorbia darlingtonii [N.C.] m. 
Euonymus americanus M, C, CM. 

ss atropurpureus M. 


Kosteletzkya virginica, c, cM. 
Ascyrum stans, PB, CM. 
Lechea racemulosa PB, CM. 
Viola hirsutula [Ga.] m. 
“rafinesquii [Ga.] m. 
Rhexia mariana PB. cM. 
Aralia spinosa M. 
Chaerophyllum procumbens 
M. 
Oxypolis rigidior M, c, cM. 
Sabatia angularis m, c, cM. 
Asclepias variegata M, C, CM. 
Polemonium reptans {Ga.] Mm. 
Phlox subulata m. 
Mertensia virginica [S. C.] m. 
Scutellaria pilosa M, cm. 
Monarda punctata M, c, cM. 
Cunila origanoides m, cM. 
Gerardia holmiana PB. 
Utricularia fibrosa ps. 

sf virgatula PB, CM. 
Oldenlandia uniflora Mm, c, cM. 
Lobelia nuttallii [Ga.] ps, c, cm. 
Lactuca villosa M. 

- floridana m, c. 
Eupatorium album pp, c, cm. 

s leucolepis PB, c, CM. 
Solidago erecta [Ga.] PB, cM. 
Helianthus angustifolius ps, c, cM. 
Chrysopsis mariana M, PB, CM. 


[N. C.] 


RHODE ISLAND OR CONNECTICUT TO FLORIDA. 


Sagittaria longirostra [Ga.] PB, cM. 
subulata M. 
Tripsacum dactyloides c. 
Panicum longifolium PB, cM. 
ad stipitatum [S. C.] m. 
meridionale [Ga.] PB, c, cM. 
pseudopubescens M, PB, CM. 
commonsianum PB, C, CM. 
virgatum cubense M, PB. 
amarum [Ga.] c. 
Chaetochloa imberbis M. 
f - versicolor c. 
Spart’na cynosuroides c. 
Sporobolus clandestinus M, cM. 
Sphenopholis obtusata c. 
wt - pubescens cM, 
c 


Tridens flavus mM c. 

Eleccharis quadrangulata [Ga.] cm. 
of torreyana PB. 

Scirpus eriophorum M, PB, C, CM. 

Scleria torreyana PB, CM. 

Carex collinsii [Ga.] M, PB, CM. 

“ squarrosa [Ga.] m. 

“ barrattii [N.C.] pp, cm. 

“  styloflexa M, cM. 
nigromarginata [N. C.] Mm. 
Wolffia columbiana m. 
Tradescantia virginica [S.C.] m. 
Heteranthera reniformis m. 
Juncus debilis [S. C.] m, pp, cm. 
Dioscorea villosa M, Cc, CM. 
Populus heterophylla [Ga.]. 
Chenopodium boscianum [N. C.]. 


“ 


54 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Amaranthus pumilus [N. C.]. 
Aristolochia serpentaria M, cM. 
Heuchera americana [Ga.] M, cM. 
Liquidambar styraciflua M, c, CM. 
Rubus cuneifolius M, ps, c, CM. 
Prunus americanus M. 

Geum flavum [Va.] m. 
Agrimonia rostellata [Va.] mM. 

i parviflora [Ga.], mM. 
Lespedeza repens, M, PB, C, CM. 
Phaseolus polystachyus M, c. 
Polygala brevifolia ps. 
Crotonopsis linearis M, PB. 
Euphorbia ipecacuanhe ps, cM. 
Rhus vernix M, PB, C, CM. 
Kneiffa longipedicellata. 

Zizia cordata [Ga.] m. 
Eryngium yuccaefolium c. 
Pieris mariana M, PB, Cc. 


Diospyros virginiana M, c 
Gentiana saponaria Mc, cM. 
Ipomoea pandurata M, cM. 
Phlox maculata M, cm. 
“pilosa M. 
Salvia lyrata M, c, CM. 
Trichostema lineare [Ga.] pp. 
Mimulus alatus [Ga.] m. 
Plantago virginica M, c, CM. 
Viburnum nudum M, PB, cM. 
prunifolium [S. C.] m, cm. 
Diodia teres M, PB, C, CM. 
Eupatorium rotundifolium [Va.] M, 
c, cM. 
Boltonia asteroides cm. 
Helenium autumnale mc, cm. 
Synosma suaveolens. 
Bidens bipinnata , c. 


MASSACHUSETTS TO FLORIDA. 


Lycopodium alopecuroides M, pp, cM. 
Botrychium dissectum M, c, cm. 
Helianthium tenellum m. 
Andropogon corymbosus abbreviatus 


M, C, PB, CM, 
oS virginicus M, C, PB, CM. 
Panicum verrucosum M, PB, CM. 
“columbianum thinium pp, 


‘ 


Cc cM. 
addisonii M, PB, c, cM. 
oricola PB, ¢c. 
villossissimum M, PB, CM. 
ashei M, PB, CM. 
clutei PB, cm. 
barbulatum m, cm. 
microcarpon M, ¢c, cM, 
scoparium M, c, CM. 
commutatum cM. 
boscii mM, cM. 

Aristida purpurascens M, c, PB, cM. 

. tuberculosa m. 
Muhlenbergia capillaris m. 

ss tenuiflora m. 
Stipa avenacea M, cm. 
Danthonia sericea m, pp, c. 
Sphenopholis pallens m, cm, 
Spartina glabra pilosa c. 


Diplachne fascicularis c. 
Cyperus filiculmis mM, cm. 

ee speciosus M, C, PB, CM. 
erythrorhizos M, c 
Eleocharis interstincta m. 

a engelmanni m. 
melanocarpa mM, cM. 
tuberculosa pp, cm. 
Scirpus robustus c. 

Fuirena squarrosa c. 
Rynchospora macrostachya wm, cM. 

t macr. inundata M, ps. 
Scleria triglomerata pp, 

e verticillata c, cm. 
reticularis cm. 
Carex triceps M, cM. 
glaucodea m, cm. 
abscondita M, cm. 
walteriana pp, c, cM. 
willdenovii n, m. 
hormathodes richii mu. 
Lemna perpusilla c. 
Orontium aquaticum ps, cm, 
Xyris torta M, c, PB, cm. 

“ congdoni M, ps, cm. 
Juncus aristulatus pp, c, cm. 
Gyrotheca tinctoria pp, cm. 


“c 


“ 


“cc 


“ 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 


Chamelirium luteum m. 
Uvularia perfoliata mM, cm. 
Sisyrinchium mucronatum M. 
Smilax glauca M, PB, Cc. 
Isotria verticillata m. 
Gyrostachys vernalis px, c. 
Juglans nigra m. 

Hicoria alba M, cM. 

Betula nigra M, c, CM. 
Quercus palustris mM, cm. 

e stellata M,C, PB, CM. 
Rumex hastatulus c. 
Polygonum maritimum c. 

- punctatum M, Cc, CM. 
Atriplex arenaria c. 
Anychia canadensis m. 
-Sagina decumbens mM, c, 
Silene caroliniana M, c. 
“stellata M, c. 
Nelumbo lutea Mm. 
Liriodendron tulipifera mM, c, cM. 
Magnolia virginiana M, PB, Cc, CM. 
Draba caroliniana m. 
Cardamine bulbosa m. 
Arabis canadensis mM. 
Drosera filiformis PB, c. 
Ribes rotundifolium m. 
Crategus pruifiosa M. 
Agrimonia mollis Mm, cm. 
Cassia chamecrista M, Cc, CM. 
Lespedeza angustifolia pp, cm. 
“ stuvei M, PB, CM. 
Mcibomia obtusa M, c, PB, CM. 
michauxii M, PB, CM. 
marilandica M, PB, CM. 
sessilifolia Pp. 
canescens M, CM. 
Strophostyles helvula m, c. 
Geranium carolinianum . 
Oxalis violacea m. 
Linum floridanum pp, c. 
ov striatum M, PB, C, CM. 
Polygala nuttallii pp, c, cM. 
Euphorbia preslii m. 

corollata M, c 
Ilex opaca m, c, cM. 
“glabra ps, c, cM. 

Acer rub. carolinianum pp, Cc, CM. 
Hibiscus moscheutos M, c, cM. 


“ce 


“c 


“ 


Ascyrum hypericoides M, PB, C, CM. 


55 


Hypericum adpressum m, cm. 
Lechea leggettii mM, PB, c, cM. 
Viola sagittata M, c. 
“ palmata Mo. 
papilionacea M. 
Opuntia opuntia M, c. 
Rotala ramosior mM, PB, CM. 
Lythrum alatum M, c. 
Kneiffia linearis mM, PB, Cc, CM. 
Ludvigia spherocarpa M, PB, CM. 
s alternifolia M, c, PB, CM. 
Myriophyllum pinnatum M, c, cm. 
Hydrocotyle verticillata c, cm. 
sf umbellata M, c, cM. 
Ptilimnium capillaceum c 
Angelica villosa mM, cm, 
Chimaphila maculata M, c, cm. 
Azalea nudiflora mM, cm. 

“viscosa glauca pp, c. 
Leucothoe racemosa M, PB, CM. 
Polycodium stamineum m. 
Sabatia dodecandra c, cm. 

a stellaris c, 
gracilis M, c, cM. 
Bartonia paniculata M, c, PB, CM. 
Asclepias verticillata m, cm. 
Acerates viridiflora M. 

Cuscuta arvensis M, PB. 

a compacta M, PB, 
Onosmodium virginianum m. 
Verbena angustifolia m, PB, c. 
Scutellaria integrifolia m, c, eM. 
Agastache nepetoides m. 

Stachys hyssopifolia m. 
Stachys aspera M. 
Lycopus sessilifolius m, c, PB, CM. 
Leptandra virginica m. 
Scrophularia marylandica m. 
Pedicularis lanceolata m, cm. 
Castilleja coccinea M. 
TIlysanthes anagallidea M, c, cm. 
Gerardia purpurea M, PB, Cc, CM. 
Schwalbea americana pp, 
Utricularia subulata pp, c, cm. 

es cleistogama ps, c, CM. 
Plantago elongata mM, cm. 
Valerianella radiata m, cm. 
Viburnum venosum mM, c, cM. 
Triosteum perfoliatum m, cm. 
Adopogon virginicum M, c, cM. 


6“ 


“ 


56 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Hieracium gronovii m, c, PB, CM. Euthamia caroliniana M, PB, Cc, CM. 
Vernonia noveboracensis M, c, CM. Aster tenuifolia c. 
Lacinaria spicata M, Cc, CM. “concolor M, PB, CM. 
Eupatorium verbenzfolium M, PR, Cc, Coreopsis rosea M, PB. 
cM. Bidens levis M, c, CM. 
ee aromaticum M, cM. “ trichosperma M, C, CM. 
* hyssopifolium Mm, PB, c, Pluchea camphorata c. 
cM. Baccharis halimifolia c. 


Solidago elliottii c, cm. 


Loca, ELEMENT.—Finally we have a group of plants re- 
stricted to New Jersey or spreading only to the States immedi- 
ately north and south of it, or west to Pennsylvania. Some 
of these undoubtedly have a wider range, as subsequent investi- 
gation will show, while others, like the very distinct Abama 
americana, Sporobolus torreyanus, Eupatorium resinosum and’ 
Chrysopsis falcata, are probably truly local. 


NEW JERSEY.* 


Isoetes riparia M. Bidens trichosperma tenuiloba pz, ¢, 
Juncus cesariensis PB. cM. 
Eupatorium resinosum px. Senecio crawfordii m. 


NEW YORK—NEW JERSEY. 


Paspalum prostratum [to Del.] m.c. Scleria minor pp, cm. ° 
Sporobolus torreyanus PB, cM. Eupatorium album subvenosum ps. 


NEW JERSEY—DELAWARE OR MARYLAND. 


Isoetes saccharata m. Hypericum virg. ovalifolium pg, cm. 
Eriocaulon parkeri , c. Hydrocotyle canbyi cm. ' 
Abama americana PB. Bidens bidentoides m. 


Callitriche austini [from Ct.] m. 
MASSACHUSETTS ‘tO NEW JERSEY. 


Cyperus grayi Pp, c. Sisyrinchium arenicola M. 
Scirpus longii Ps. Chrysopsis falcata ps. 


MASSACHUSETTS TO MARYLAND OR DELAWARE. 


Lycopodium chapmanii c, ps. Hicoria microcarpa M. 
Najas gracillima m. Falcata pitcheri M, cm, 
Scirpus planifolius m. Iva oraria c. 
“fluviatilis: Mm. Solidago neglecta, M, PB, cm, 
Carex seorsa M. Aster spectabilis M, pp, cM. 


* Some of these occur also in eastern Pennsylvania. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 57 


BOTANICAL, SUBDIVISIONS OF THE NEW JERSEY COASTAL PLAIN. 


‘Passing now to the consideration of the subdivisions of the 
New Jersey coastal plain, we.find several very well marked areas. 

As we cross southern New Jersey from west to east we are 
first struck by the sharp line of demarcation between the farming 
district of West Jersey and the Pine Barrens; crossing the latter 
we find on the coast a narrow belt separating the Pines from the 
maritime marshes, which has essentially the same flora as the 
West Jersey region, a flora that is also shared by the coast islands, 
although they have some additional elements peculiar to them- 
selves. Southward in the Cape May peninsula we find the West 
Jersey and coast strips coming together to the partial extinction 
of the Pine Barrens which exist only as detached islands, while 
especially at the southwestern extremity of the peninsula we en- 
counter a floral element quite different from the Pine Barrens, 
but related in no small degree to the flora of southern Delaware. 

We thus have five distinct floral districts in southern New 
Jersey—(1) The West Jersey, or better, the Middle District, 
which covers.not only the Delaware Valley region south of 
Trenton, but also all the country below the fall line and north of 
the Pine Barrens which terminate at Long Branch; (2) The 
Pine Barrens; (3) The Coastal Strip; (4) The Cape May 
District, south of the Great Cedar Swamp; (5) The Maritime 
District. 

The northern half of the State is referred to as the Northern 
District without attempting to subdivide it, since it is only indi- 
rectly concerned with the present discussion. For an account of 
its relationship cf. Stone, Ann. Rep. N. J. State Museum for 1908, 
Pp. 31-32. 

Some attempt has been made to correlate these areas or parts 
of them with underlying, geological formations. but a more 
accurate knowledge of the distribution of their plants shows that 
such correlation is not possible. The surface soil has far more 
to do with the matter than the underlying geological formation. 

The western boundary of the Pine Barrens is often the eastern 
edge of the cretaceous formation, but in the southern part of 


58 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


the State it is not so, the cretaceous lying in some places fifteen 
or twenty miles west of the Pines. Im the same way the very 
distinct coast strip with its West Jersey flora is geologically the 
same formation as the Pine Barrens. 

In West Jersey, moreover, we find considerable differences in 
the flora of different parts of the same formation. In the 
cretaceous, for instance, we have in the rich marl beds one style 


Fig. 2—Range of Lobelia cardinalis covering Middle and Coast Districts, 
but absent from the Pine Barrens. 


of vegetation, while on sand deposits of the same age are plants 
of quite a different sort. 

A number of species are restricted to one or other of the above- 
defined districts, some are common to two or three of them, and 
still others are found throughout our region or throughout the 
State. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 59 


Using the initial letters to indicate the several districts, the 
distribution of the plants of the New Jersey coastal plain as 
indicated by the data that we have collected is as follows: 


coast marshes and 
beach strand, ....... 
Coast strip only, ..... 16 


Halophytes of the 
71 


Middle district only, 
so far as our region 
is concerned, though 343 
many range through 


northern N. J., .-... 
Cape May only, ...... 35 
M*¥-L-C 87 


M-LPB). accsarcaecaetaess 84 
MOM, 00.2 ssanneaene 100 
PBEEC,, | ease csivaiesccraene 9 
PB-PCMG. sgiwavnvneeet anne 22 
GYGEM,. secseudassourenas 18 
M-+CM-+PB, ........6.-. 142 
MEPPBALG). wuisiicsedaees 50 
M-+CM-+4C, ....-...0-0 00s 137 
PE ECLON, cecnipneees 10 
Throughout, ...........555 194 

Total, 1373 


*M=Middle Dist.; C==Coast Strip; CM=Cape May District; PB=Pine 


Barrens. 


60 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


From the above list we may compute: 


After exclud- 

ing obvious.’ 

introductions 

from other 

districts. 

Total Flora of Pine Barrens, .....-..-..seeeeeeeees 565* 386 
i “ © Coast-Strip (excluding Halophytes),... 524 492 
7 “« © Cape May District, ...........0ee ees 658 649 
of Middle (District: ccseesidacssigeanua' 1138 1023 
Common to Middle and Pine Barren Districts, ...... 470* 295 
i. i “ Coast Districts, ..........-- 416 410 
ee ce Gee “ Cape May Districts, ....... 573 493 
ry “ Pine Barren and Coast Districts, ....... 2637 162 
ee ts es “ ‘Cape May Districts, ........ 368 252 
“ Coast and Cape May Districts, ....-.... 359 337 


The status of each species in the above table was ascertained 
by a careful study of the data presented in the main text of this 
report after excluding such records as bore evidence of being 
based upon accidental occurrences such as roadside or railroad 
introductions. All weeds, even those of native origin, were also 
excluded, as their distribution has little or no bearing upon 
natural conditions. 

A further study of the data covering the general range of 

the south Jersey plants (see p. 47) gives the following results 
for the flora of each of the four districts considered separately: 


M. PB. Gc, CM. 
Wide: Ratiginos ccs s+ cetamennn seteus euvenaie aes 628 153 301 350 
Northern Element, ...........0.0 0.00 ccc eeeeaees 78 28 26 16 
Southern Element, ..............0.0.00c0eeeeeee 299 ~=—-:183 159-263 
TOGA, HISMEHE:. 4a.ndieennanse sivcnsce ss vcdenaetarna yeteoee 18 v7 6 II 


1023. 386 = 4g2s«649) 


M. PR c cM. 
Percentage of Southern Element, .............. -. 20% °° 48% 31% 40% 


* As explained beyond, these figures include a number of recent introduc- 
tions not really native to the Pine Barrens. See p. or. 

+ These figures are somewhat misleading, as only such Pine Barren species 
as reach the Coast Islands are included. The mainland coast strip is so’ 
narrow that it is impossible to mark it off sharply from the Pine Barrens, 
and we cannot say which Pine Barren species spread into it and which do 
not, without a vast amount of further study. 


‘PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 61 


It is impossible to compute the percentage of the northern 
element in the flora for the reason that accurate data are lacking 
on the actual southern boundary of the range of the species listed 
above as “Wide Ranging.” The only fact given in the manuals 
as a rule is the southernmost State touched by this boundary. 
It is known that a large number of the 628 species of the Middle 
District barely touch the coastal plain on its western or northern 
edge, and really find the southern limit of their range all the way 
from New Jersey to Florida, and thus. belong distinctly to the 
northern element of our flora. Other species, on the contrary, are 
found pretty generally over the coastal plain, and are truly wide 
ranging, but accurate data for the proper disposition of all the 
species in one class or the other are not at present available. 
Figures based entirely upon the character of their occurrence in 
New Jersey (p. 43) would indicate that at least three-quarters of 
these wide-ranging species reach their southern limit at the 
coastal plain, but a study of their distribution to the southward 
might not uphold this estimate. 

A further analysis is given in the consideration of the flora of 
each of the several districts which follows. 


THE PINE BARRENS. 


The Pine Barrens are of especial interest from the fact that 
the region is one of the largest in the Middle States in which 
anything like primeval conditions remain. Always sandy and 
thickly covered with more or less scrubby vegetation, interspersed 
with swamps. and infested by hordes of mosquitoes, settlers 
have been in no hurry to clear it so long as more valuable land 
was available to the westward. Even to-day one may travel for 
ten or fifteen miles in some parts of the Barrens without seeing 
a habitation of any sort, and this within fifty and thirty miles 
respectively of New York and Philadelphia. Wagon roads lead 
across the white sand to the sea at infrequent intervals, and ill- 
defined trails branch off to former charcoal clearings, all of these 
highways largely fallen into disuse since the establishment of 
railroads and the abandonment of the old iron forges. The 
oldest towns in the district are those located on navigable tide- 


62 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


water streams like Toms River, Mays Landing, Millville, etc. ; 
others, like Hammonton, Vineland and Egg Harbor City, owe 
their establishment to the railroads. 

In recent years many other settlements are springing up along 
the railroads, and are spreading their clearings into the wilder- 
ness, while various agencies exert an important influence on 
vegetation. 

Portable sawmills are cutting all the white cedars, and in 
place of the dark swamps we encounter mountains of yellow saw- 
dust. The extension of cultivated cranberry bogs proves the 
death knell to many native bog plants, which do not seem able to 
stand the flooding. The onslaught of the Christmas venders 
upon the mistletoe has practically exterminated it, while berry- 
bearing holly is becoming scarce, and the sale of arbutus and 
pyxie must soon affect their abundance in certain localities. The 
wood pulp industry makes a market for any sort of timber, no 
matter what size; the use of sphagnum for packing bulbs and 
garden plants for shipment makes it worth while to rake some of 
the small bogs completely clear of this moss which is so neces- 
sary for the growth of many native bog species, and the demand 
for native shrubbery for planting on large estates has practically 
exterminated the laurel in certain regions, many carloads of 
these bushes being shipped at one time by a single dealer. 

The advent of the automobile, too, has forced the substitution 
of good roads for the old sand trails in many places, and hun- 
dreds of people now visit certain remote parts of the barrens to 
one who went there ten years ago. 

All these influences are bound to make changes in the flora of 
the region in the near future, and it is none too soon to make a 
serious effort to record its characteristic features and its com- 
ponent species before it is too late. 

Although the New Jersey Pine Barrens have been well known 
as a locality for choice plants since the earliest days of botanical 
study in America, nevertheless very little has been published re- 
garding their flora or even their history and physical features. 
We know, from casual mention in the descriptions of new species, 
that Rafinesque, Pursh, Nuttall and Zaccheus Collins were 
familiar with their barren sands and deep swamps. We know, 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 63 


also, that James Goldie, the Scottish botanist, traveled through 
them early in the nineteenth century, and earlier still Peter Kalm, 
the Swede, probably touched the western border of the region, as 
he secured the Helonias and submitted it to Linnzus for descrip- 
tion. 

William Bartram and, probably, John Bartram, his father, 
were undoubtedly familiar with the “Pines” and were probably 
the first botanists to explore the region, although they, so far as 
I am aware, published nothing relative to it. 

In Edwards’ Gleanings of Natural History, London, 1758, 
where are described a number of birds submitted by William 
Bartram to the author, we find a figure of the “Gentian of the 
Desert” reproduced from a drawing by Bartram, which is clearly 
Gentiana porphyrio, so characteristic of the remote portions of 
the Pine Barrens. Some of the plants sent by Bartram to 
Linnzus and named by the latter, such as Blephariglottis ble- 
phariglottis, the white-fringed orchis, undoubtedly came from 
the New Jersey coastal plain, although Linnzus records them 
from Pennsylvania, the name of Bartram being so closely identi- 
fied with the latter State that it was taken for granted that all his 
local collections came from there. 

During the first half of the nineteenth century the barrens were 
visited by wagon from Philadelphia or Burlington and there was 
considerable travel over the long sandy roads, as the fishermen- 
farmers of the coast were constantly bringing their produce 
across the State to market and returning with necessary supplies. 

Audubon made the journey across to Great Egg Harbor on 
one of these produce wagons and describes the trip in his episode 
entitled “Great Egg Harbour,” p. 606, vol. III of his Olrnitho- 
logical Biography. There were several half-way houses and 
other taverns where travelers could rest and procure refeshments, 
and a number of forges—many of them now only names on the 
map—were extracting iron from the bog ore which before the 
discovery of better deposits in the west had a marketable value. 

Dr. John Torrey, when twenty-two years of age, made a wagon 
trip from Philadelphia to South Amboy during the latter part of 
June, 1818, in company with William Cooper, and, fortunately, 


64 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


a record of it is preserved in a letter to Zaccheus Collins in the 
possession of the Philadelphia Academy.* It runs as follows : 


New York, July oth, 1818. 
Dear Sir: : 

We arrived at South Amboy one week after we left Philadelphia, and, al- 
though our journey was rather an arduous one, we think ourselves well 
rewarded for all the privations we endured. ‘The principal difficulty we 
experienced was in keeping the right road. Hundreds of these little roads 
‘cross each other in every direction like a labyrinth, so that it is next to a 
miracle if you hit the right one. We remained two days at ‘Thompson’s Tav- 
ern [at Quaker Bridge], where we were very well entertained. About this 
time we found a considerable number of plants which were new to us, indeed 
there were few plants but what we found here. The Drosera filiformis and 
foliosa (?) were abundant, as well as two species of Utricularia, one of 
which does not appear to be described. What pleased us more than any plant 
we found was the Schizaea. Cooper found the first specimen. It isa singular 
little plant, and I first doubted whether Pursh had referred it to the right 
genus, but subsequent examination has convinced me that he is right. The 
whole of the plant which we saw was confined to a very small space. There 
is a small patch of it about forty-five yards from the west end of the bridge 
on the left side as you approach it from Philadelphia and about twelve feet 
from the road. I have been particular to mention its locality, as this is the 
only spot where we found it. We found abundance of the Leiophyllum and 
Hudsonia, some of them in flower. The latter plant I am inclined to think 
is a different species from the one which grows on the seacoast. At first 
sight you are struck with the long peduncled flowers of the one and the al- 
most sessile flowers of the other. We found two species of Eriocaulon—one 
common, tall and with large hemispherical héads and tuft of short leaves at 
the base, the other smaller, with large leaves. ‘They are both ten-striate. 

After we had left Quaker Bridge we fared pretty hard. Some places called 
Taverns that we put up at were not fit for an Arab. Ata place called the 
Ten-mile Hollow, or Hell Hollow, we expected to sleep in the woods, for it 
was with difficulty that we persuaded them to take us in. This was the most 
miserable place we ever saw; they were too poor to use candles. No butter, 
sugar, etc. A little sour stuff, which I believe they called rye bread, but 
which was half sawdust, and a little warm water and molasses, were all we 
had for breakfast. For supper I could not see what we had, for we ate in the 
dark. From this place until we reached Monmouth we found scarcely a. 
single plant in flower. 

We found near Philadelphia a species of Plantago which may be new. It 
is not described in Persoon, but it may be the P. linearifolia of Muhl. Cat. ad 
ed. I shall send you specimens of it together with most of the plants we col- 
lected on our journey. I hope you will indulge me if I trouble you in this 
way once in awhile. 

I remain, sir, with the greatest respect, etc, yours, 

Joun Torrey. 


* Published in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club VI, p. 83. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 65, 


If there is any young botanist in your society that would be willing to com- 
mence botanical correspondence and exchange of specimens with me, I should 
be very glad to commence one immediately. 


To ZaccuEus Corns, EsQ., Philadelphia. 


There were other ways of getting to the coast in these early 
days. An advertisement in a copy of Poulson’s American Daily 
Advertiser, July 12th, 1823, states that “The subscriber [Seth 
Crane] respectfully informs the public that he has commenced 
running a stage between Mount Holly and Mannahawkin for the 
accommodation of persons disposed to visit the Grouse Plains, 
Mannahawkin or Tuckerton. The Stage will leave Mannahawkin 
every Monday and Thursday mornings at 6 o’clock and arrive at 
Griffith Owens’ Tavern, in Mount Holly, same afternoon at 4 
o’clock. From whence passengers will be conveyed to Burling- 
ton on the following morning in time to meet the Steam Boat for 
Philadelphia and Trenton. Returning will leave Mount Holly 
every Wednesday and Saturday morning at 6, and arrive at 
Mannahawkin same afternoon at 4 o’clock. Where Ladies and 
Gentlemen can be accommodated with genteel Boarding and 
Lodging at the moderate rate of $3 per week; and conveyed at 
any time across the Bay to James Cranmer’s, Hazleton Cran- 
mer’s or Stephen Inman’s. Fare through $1.75 cents. 

A conveyance will be in readiness at Mannahawkin for Tuck- 
erton.” 

In the same paper are advertised a line of stages, and the 
“Union” and “Good Intent” lines of four-horse carriages direct 
to Tuckerton from Philadelphia. There was also the steamboat 
“Delaware,” leaving Philadelphia for Cape May “at five o'clock 
in the morning on Monday and Friday during the bathing 
season.” 

Prof. S. F. Baird, when a young man, used to visit Beesley’s 
Point, on Great Egg Harbor, by way of Cape May, going 
down by boat and up the coast by stage. In July, 1854, however, 
John Cassin, of the Philadelphia Academy, in a letter to Baird, 
tells him that a railroad to Absecon has been completed with 
stage connection for Beesley’s Point, which will greatly facilitate 
his future trips. 


5 MUS 


66 REPORT OF NEW JERSHY STATE MUSEUM. 


_ It was many years later before the railroad was built to Cape 
May, which had always been rather inaccessible except by water. 
Indeed, prior to 1707, there was no wagon road out of the 
peninsula, merely horse paths through the dense cedar swamps 
which stretched away from Cedar Swamp Creek to Dennis 
Creek, forming an effectual barrier to traffic and making Cape 
May virtually an island.* 

With the advent of the railroads traffic on the old stage roads 
practically ceased and with it went the taverns and forges, so 
that the latter part of the nineteenth century found the remote 
parts of the Pines more of a wilderness than they were before. 

Within the past decade several botanical trips have been made 
across the Pine Barrens which have been recorded in print. 

Mr. C. F. Saunders has a charming account of a wagon trip 
from Tuckerton to Atsion, July 3-5, 1899, in company with 
Mr. W. N. Clute. His picture of the country is very vivid. 
He says, after leaving Tuckerton: “Mile after mile of oak and 
pine barrens were passed without sign of human habitation, and 
when five miles were registered we came to the spot which is 
marked upon the maps as Munyon Field. Here, in old times, 
had been a house, and a family had lived here, scratching some 
sort of a living from the sand and fattening hogs on the abundant 
mast which strewed the ground under the little chinquapin oaks. 
Now no vestige of human occupation remains save a little clear- 
ing, which is rapidly filling up with wildings from the surrounding 
forest. * * * ‘Two or three miles more of a similar wilder- 
ness, and the forest growth thinned out and dwindled down to 
dwarf proportions as we emerged upon the rolling heathlike 
expanse of the east or lower plains. * * * Nothing could 
be more restful to the eye than this rolling expanse of green 
plain, melting away in every direction into the misty distance, the 
white sand gleaming out here and there like whitecaps on an 
emerald sea. * * * The luxuriant vines of the bearberry 
lay sprawling everywhere in the sun, their dry, astringent berries 
not yet tinged with the crimson that makes them so conspicuous 


*Cf. Dr. Maurice Beesley’s Early History of Cape May, in the Geology of 
the County of Cape May, 1857. 


ft Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila., vol. 52, 1900, pp. 544-549. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 67 


in winter, the pyxie, trailing arbutus, hudsonia, laurel, tephrosia 
and leiophyllum were so abundant that the whole place must 
have been like a garden in the spring. * * * After leaving 
the plains, the old road wound now through dry sandy pine 
woods, bare of conspicuous flowers, save, perhaps, for the ever 
present Melampyrum lineare and the yellow banners of Baptisia 
tinctoria—now through damp swamp lands, where we had as 
roadside companions the thread leaved, sundew’s purple flowers, 
the orange heads of Polygala lutea, the magenta blossoms of the 
grass pink and the snake-mouth pogonia. * * *” 

Two years later the writer, accompanied by Messrs. H. L. 
Coggins and J. A. G. Rehn, crossed from Medford to the plains 
and back, June 17-22. 

In Mr. Coggins’ account* of the trip, which deals with orni- 
thology rather than botany, occurs the following admirable pic- 
ture of the plains: “A singular region, hot, level and dry. We 
wade into the scrub scarce able to believe that it is over the top 
of a dwarf forest that we are gazing for miles. Its barrenness, 
except for the stunted vegetation, recalls vividly to mind long 
forgotten descriptions of desert regions. ‘The heat rising from 
the parched ground gives a blur of uncertainty to distant out- 
lines, and we close our eyes involuntarily before the glare of the 
sun on the exposed gravel areas. Chewinks and brown thrashers 
scuffle listless in the dry soil. A mere speck in the sky, a turkey 
vulture, circles lazily for a time then drops from view beyond 
the horizon. A little tree lizard at our step scurries across a. 
gravel patch and disappears under the dry leaves. The only 
other sound of life is the weary vibrant trill of the prairie 
warbler, which rises on the hot air like a supplication for life.” 

Trips through the pines, even with the certainty of much 
botanical reward, have drawbacks which are liable to make one 
hesitate, as Mr. Saunders truly says: ‘“Tthe sands are heavy, 
the flies and ticks and mosquitos are numerous, the heat is ex- 
cessive, springs are few and far between and forest fires are apt 
to be at their devastating work.” At the same time thoughts of 
the pungent odor of the pines, the cool shade of the cedar swamp, 


* Cassinia, 1902, p. 26. 


68 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


where the road runs through, with its white bridge spanning the 
dark tea-like water of the stream; the refreshing draught of the 
water itself, always palatable in spite of its dark color; the 
fragrance of the magnolia, azalea and clethra, and the beauties 
of the ever attractive pine barren flowers, all tend to obliterate 
the memory of clouds of mosquitos and dripping perspiration 
and draw the naturalist back again and again to this wonderful 
wilderness. 

The streams of the pine barrens are navigable by canoe, and 
many a trip has been made over their dark waters. One of these 
is admirably described by Henry Vandyke in his delightful 
sketch “Between the Lupin and the Laurel,” and in it the reader 
will find an excellent account of the pine barrens in spring time.* 

As one enters the Pine Barrens from the agricultural region 
of Western Jersey, the most striking feature, apart from the 
Pines themselves, is the continuous shrubby undergrowth of 
Bracken Pteridium aquilinum, Sweet Fern Comptonia aspleni- 
folia and Chain Fern Woodwardia virginica. Then the absence 
of such familiar trees as the Wild Cherry Prunus serotina, Sweet 
Gum Liquidambar styraciflua, Willow Oak Quercus phellos, etc., 
and the presence of White Birch Betula alba, and the abundance 
of Sassafras Sassafras sassafras, Sour Gum Nyssa sylvatica, 
Chestnut Oak Quercus prinus and the Scrub Oaks Q. ilictfolia, 
marylandica and prinoides. The White Oak Q. alba, Black Oak 
Q. velutina and Post Oak Q. stellata, occur in the outlying pore 
tions of the Pine Barrens or locally throughout, but the first two 
are often rare over large areas. 

The abundant pine is the Pitch Pine Pinus rigida. The Yellow 
Pine Pinus echinata occurs, locally, sometimes in large tracts, but 
in other sections is absent. 

The forests of the Pine Barrens to-day present considerable 
diversity, due to the inroads of fire and axe, and my efforts to 
ascertain from old residents just what the primitive condition was 
have resulted in such contradictory information that I am in 
doubt as to just what should be said on the matter.t+ 


*Cf. also Gustave Kobbe, “The New Jersey Coast and Pines.” C. C. 
Abbott, “Days Out of Doors.” 

+ Cf. for detailed discussion of N. J. Forests. Cf. Reports in Ann. Rept. 
State Geologist. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 69 


There are woods of rather tall Pine with practically no oaks 
‘of any size, but with an undergrowth of Scrub Oaks and Huckle- 
berries. 

Then there is a more open growth in which Oaks and Pines 
mingle in about equal proportion and in which the Oaks, mainly 

‘Q. marilandica, reach a fair height. 

Other sections are covered with a dense growth of Oaks, in- 
cluding Q. prinus, alba, marilandica, ilicifolia and velutina. 

It seems to me that the first two types are the natural or 
primitive ones, while the solid Oak growth covers recent clear- 
ings. The Pines spring) up again in such tracts and reassert 
themselves unless fire or continuous clearing have exterminated 
them. Indeed, it is remarkable to see how rapidly young Pines 
will develop. In old abandoned open ground which has grown 
up in Andropogon grass the’ Pines will soon establish themselves 
and grow rapidly. Equally rapid growth is seen on the bottom 
of sand excavations along the railroads where a ridge of eight 
or ten feet in height has been entirely removed for grading’ 
purposes somewhere else, and in a few years the floor will be 
completely covered with the regular forest vegetation with 
flourishing young Pines on all sides. 

The typical open Pine forest (see Pl. CXXVIT) is character- 
ized by the following species: 


Pteridium aquilinum. ; Helianthemum canadense, 

Pinus rigida. Baptisia tinctoria. 

Panicum commonsianum. Kalmia angustifolia. 

i; addisoni. Pieris mariana. 
columbianum. Epigaea repens. 

Andropogon scoparius. Vaccinium vaccillans. 

« virginicus. Gaylussacia baccata. 
Smilax. glauca. Hieracium venosum. : 
Quercus ilicifolia. Aster concolor. 

i marilandica. “  patens. 
te stellata. Sericocarpus asteroides. 
Comptonia asplenifolia. Solidago odora, etc. 


Sassafras sassafras. 


In bare open sandy patches occur Lichens of several species, 
together with: 


70 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Cyperus grayi. Arenaria caroliniana. 

i filiculmis macilentus. Lechea racemulosa. 
Carex umbellata. Euphorbia ipecacuanhae. 
Hudsonia ericoides. Cracca virginiana. 


The Cedar swamps (see Pl. CXXVII) which line all the 
streams of the Pine Barrens possess quite a different flora, some 
of the characteristic ‘species being’: 


Chamaecyparis thyoides. Rhus vernix. 

Magnolia virginiana. Carex folliculata. 

Acer rubrum carolinianum. “ trisperma. 
Clethra alnifolia. Drosera rotundifolia. 
Nyssa _ sylvatica. Osmunda cinnamomea. 
Alnus rugosa. Vaccinium corymbosum. 
Tlex glabra. ae atrococcum. 
Viburnum nudum. Azalea viscosa. 


The natural open bogs are characterized by the presence of 
suich species as: 


Oxycoccus macrocarpon. Eriocaulon decangulare. 

Sarracenia purpurea. re compressum. 

Orontium aquaticum. o septangulare, 

Castalia odorata, / Drosera longifolia. 

Nymphea variegata. Polygala lutea. 

Utricularia spp. Blephariglottis blephariglottis. 
“ce 


‘Pogonia ophioglossoides. cristata, etc. etc.* 


Limodorum tuberosum. 


The curious elévated tract known as the Plains (see PI. 
CXXVIII.), which covers portions of Burlington and Ocean 
Counties, presents a stunted vegetation scarcely higher than one’s 
knees, consisting mainly of Pinus rigida, Quercus marilandica 
and Q. ilicifolia, but with all the characteristic species of the open 
pine woods. The additional species more or less peculiar to the 
Plains are Corema conradu and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. 


* The above lists are by no means exhaustive, and are simply given to call 
attention to some of the dominant or more conspicuous species of the several 
types of environment to be found in the Pine Barrens. No attempt has been 
made toward an “ecological” study of the region. While much valuable work 
has been done along true ecological lines, a certain amount of discredit 
appears to have been thrown upon the term by the fragmentary and super- 


ficial work presented under this title by certain writers. The hasty division 
of a flora into various societies and associations is a case in point. To my 


mind the only proper basis for work of this kind is the detailed study of a 
number of similar spots in a given area, such as the various patches of 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 71 


Mr. Gifford Pinchot published an account of the Plains in 
the Annual Report of the State Geologist of New Jersey for 
1898, and from this I have taken most of the following figures. 
Mr. Pinchot’s conclusions agree entirely with my own observa- 
tions in this interesting region. 

The Plains occupy the highest part of the central Pine Barrens, 
ranging from 100 to 200 feet above sea level. ‘They stretch from 
a point three miles east of Woodmansie south nearly to Munyon 
Field, varying from two to four miles wide, and are bisected by 
the Oswego river and its adjoining swamps. The upper section 
lying west of Cedar Bridge constitutes the West Plains, the 
lower the East Plains, the location of the former on the U. S. 
Geological Survey Maps being entirely wrong. 

The West or Upper Plains comprise 7,737 acres and the East 
or Lower Plains 6,662, though with outlying tracts of similar 
character this region of stunted vegetation probably covers an 
area of nearly 20,000 acres. 

The soil is exceedingly poor, consisting largely of white sand 
and coarse white pebbles, but it is no different in composition or 
in aridity from that of other dry sections of the Pine Barrens. 
Mr. Pinchot found that the Pine trees, such as had developed 
trunks with sufficiently well marked rings for counting, averaged 
about thirteen years in age, though one three feet high was thirty- 
one years old. 

Most of the Pines, however, consist of sprout growth from 
old stumps which have been burned back by countless fires, some 
being almost globular burls with slender radiating stems. There 
are also numerous seedlings with prostrate stems. Occasionally 
a tree will approach a normal height of six to fifteen feet, but 
they are rare and usually killed by fire. 


Jersey Pine woods in the middle district of the region here considered or 
the various cedar swamps of the Pine Barrens. By a comparison of results it 
will be possible to determine what species really do occur in close association 
in all such similar locations. The establishment of such associations upon a 
few days’ study seems utterly unwarranted, and when, as is usually the case, 
the same author proposes a different lot of “associations” for every area he 
studies, the utility of the whole method is called into question. 

Furthermore, some writers on “ecology” are so careless in the systematic 
side of their work that their papers abound in misidentifications which, of 
course, render them practically worthless. 


72 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


The prostrate character of the trees reminds one strongly of 
timber line vegetation on high mountains and is doubtless due to 
the elevated, exposed and wind-swept nature of the region, con- 
ditions congenial to the Arctostaphylos and Corema, which here 
reach their southern limit. 

Add to this the constantly recurring fires which help to main- 
tain the above conditions and the slow growth of all the trees in 
the most arid parts of the Pine Barrens, and we probably have 
all the factors necessary to explain the conditions found on the 
plains. 

It seems likely that the Indians were in the habit of burning 
off this region long before the advent of the whites, and early 
intensified original conditions, a practice that the accidental fires 
of later years have perpetuated. 

The term Pine Barrens has been used very loosely by those 
who have written upon the plants of New Jersey. 

Rev. L. H. Lighthipe* refers all of southern New Jersey below 
the triassic to the Pine Barrens. 

Dr. Arthur Hollick} limits it to the portion lying south of a 
line from Long Branch to Salem. 

Mr. C. C. Vermuelet gives it as “practically all of that portion 
of the State southeast of a line from Seabright to Glassboro and 
thence through Bridgeton to Delaware Bay.” Both of these 
latter statements are based exclusively upon a study of forest 
trees, and as a result of careful field studies on the same line Mr. 
Vermeule (Ann. Rept. State Geol. N. J., 1898, p. 185) limits 
the coniferous forest to the region east of a line beginning 
at Asbury Park and passing through Farmingdale, Brindletown, 
New Lisbon and Taunton, with a considerable indentation south 
of Vincentown; thence to Atco, Andrews, Iona and south along 
the Maurice river. The belt between this and the previous line, 
he states, is composed of mixed coniferous and deciduous forest. 

My studies, based upon herbs and shrubs as well as trees, show 
that the western border of the Pine Barren botanical region coin- 


* Torreya II, p. 70. 
+ Report on Forests, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Geologist for 1899, 182. 
+ Do. p. 16. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 73 


cides very closely with Mr. Vermeule’s boundary of the conifer- 
ous forest (see colored map), the only important differences being 
some projections to include outlying Pine Barren “peninsulas” or 
“islands,” especially the region southeast of Clementon, and the 
exclusion of the coast strip, a similar strip along the bay shore 
from Port Norris to Dennisville, which belongs to the Middle or 
West Jersey district, and the Cape May peninsula south of the 
great Cedar Swamp, which, although it contains some Pine Bar- 
ren “islands,” is mainly coastal and West Jersey in its affinities, 
as already explained. 

The errors in most attempts to outline the Pine Barren region 
were due to a total lack of knowledge of the southwestern por- 
tion of the State, the prevailing idea being that the Pines must 
cover all of the yellow gravel tertiary area, while as a matter of 
fact they stop short at the Maurice river, the region west of this, 
especially north of Bridgeton, being fine farm land, often rolling 
with patches of deciduous forest here and there. 

The boundary line between the Pine Barrens and the ‘““Middle’”’ 
and “Coastal” districts which bound it, respectively, on the west 
and east, is not a straight or sharp one; narrow tongues of the 
two floras interlace and often both elements will be found in the 
same bog or swamp along the border line. On the east, moreover, 
the peculiar coastal flora will be found running up the tidewater 
streams and their tributaries well into the Pine Barrens as far, 
for instance, as Toms River, Batsto, Mays Landing and Mill- 
ville, where artificial dams now seem to mark the limit of the 
coastal intrusion. On other streams the coast plants follow back 
to the natural limit of tidewater, and perhaps some isolated 
colonies of stich species well within the Pine Barrens owe their 
ptesence to the intrusion along tidewater streams that were sub- 
sequently dammed. In grouping the records in the systematic 
part of this report the same locality may often be put in one dis- 
trict under one species and another under another, when it is 
located on the border line between the two. Mays Landing, for 
instance, is cited as a Pine Barren locality for the Pine Barren 
species occurring above the dam, while when cited in connection 
with the coastal plants occurring below the dam, it is placed in the 
Coastal district. In addition to the main Pine Barren district 


74 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


there are in the Middle or West Jersey districts certain “Pine 
Barren” islands, where a number of characteristic Pine Barren 
plants occur, often associated with species of wide range or others 
typical of the Middle district. One of the most important of 
these is the so-called Sandhill region of Middlesex Co., while 
Griffith’s Swamp (now destroyed) near Lawnside, Camden Co., 
was famous in the past. Prof. J. B. Smith has indicated several 
of these islands in his map (Ann. Rept. N. J. State Museum for 
1909), but they do not seem sufficiently well marked or equal in 
character to warrant such recognition. 

There seems to be no peculiar geological formation correlated 
with these outlying colonies except that dry ground species are 
found where deposits of pure white sand or gravel occur, but 
which are not necessarily of the same age as similar deposits in 
the Pine Barren area proper. 

Intrusions of the Middle district flora into the Pine Barrens in 
the form of narrow tongues along the boundary line have al- 
ready been alluded to, but there are also occurrences of similar 
species well within the region, where extensive clearings have 
been effected and maintained for long. periods of years; such 
occurrences can, I think, be safely regarded as intrusions from 
the Middle district, analogous to the occurrence of weeds in all 
spots that are brought under cultivation. 

The attempts that have been made to list the typical plants of 
the Pine Barrens are in some respects as misleading as the efforts. 
to outline the district, due, of course, to the fact that the writers 
were only familiar with a portion of the region or were relying 
entirely upon compilation. 

Dr. Britton’s list of fifty Pine Barren species* comprises. 
twenty-five that are as common in the Middle district as in the 
Pines, and six that are distinctly Middle district species and do not 
occur in the Pine Barrens—Desmodium viridifiorum, Phlox sub-. 
ulata, Quercus phellos, Stipa avenacea, Juncus scirpoides, Eleo- 
charis melanocarpa. 

Rev. Mr. Lightpipe’s list} contains the following, which are not 
found at all in the Pine Barrens, or are very rare: Onoclea sensi- 


* Bull. Torr. Bot. Club VIL, p. 82; XI, p. 126. 
+ Torreya IL, p. 79. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 75 


bilis, Equisitacee, Pinus virginiana, Uniola laxa, Stipa avenacea, 
Chamelirium luteum, Pogonia divaricata (one record), Quercus 
phellos, Castanea pumila, Liquidambar styraciflua, Nelumbo 
lutea, Viola atlantica, Azalea nudiflora, Salvia lyrata. Also the- 
following, which were apparently wrongly attributed to New 
Jersey: Aletris aurea and Chondrophora. 

Mr. Roland Harper* gives as species confined to the New Jersey 
Pine Barrens, or much commoner in New Jersey than in adjoin- 
ing States, Dicromena colorata and Aletris aurea, of which we 
have no definite records, and Eriocaulon parkeri, a middle district 
plant which does not occur in the Pine Barrens. Polygala lutea, 
Clethra alnifolia and Sabatia lanceolata are given in his list of 
characteristic North Carolina Pine Barren plants, but omitted 
from the New Jersey list, though it would be hard to find more 
generally distributed species in the latter region. 

An analysis of the Pine Barren flora based upon the data pre- 
sented beyond shows the following numerical results: 


Total number of species growing in the Pine Barrens exclusive of weeds, 565 
Species occurring only locally in long-settled spots, obviously intrusions 


from the Middle or other districts, .......... 0... c cece cece e eee 179 
Trtié Pine Barret’: Ploray ccc aancecceaua vs one ens a 4 omen aeene dea 386 
Of these there are: 
Common to the Middle District, 2.0.0.0... ccc cece eee eee 205 
« 8 “Coast: Tslands) sq-prccusen ster dmeceadrigtetanniad duc Ane aaaes 162 
af fe “Cape: May. District). sgic nec sade nnn seein eee ee 252 
Not found elsewhere in New Jersey, .......... 0. secs cece eee eee nee 55 
sf f © Phe WOES vcceciacs clos haben Mabeemete ieee pet ees at 
Systematically they may be grouped as follows: 
Pteridophytes, 20.0.0... c cece eect tee ne ene n nes II 
Gymmosperms, 1.0... 0.000 e cece teen tte ete eee tenets 8. 
Monocotyledons Gramines, ©... 0... 2s cee eee ee eee e eee eee erent 44 
Cyperace, 2... c ieee ccc eee ener eet en eee ene 55 
Others): 22: cyeces wae eeeiedegaien ese oe goede s 590 
—- 158 
Dicotyledons Polypetale, .........--. 000s seceeee tenet eee neers 100 
Monopetala, ......... 0 cece cece terete ene eens 114 
—— 214 


* Torreya VII, 42. 
+ Juncus cesariensis, Eupatorium resinosum. 


76 REPORT OF NEW JERSKY STATE MUSEUM. 


In relation to their general range they may be grouped as fol- 
lows: 


WIDE RANGING. 


Throughout North America, .....--.0.. ee eeee eee etree eer e nett eee cees 5 
Canadian Provinces to Virginia—Florida, ......-.-- 0s sees sere teeter eres 72 
Maine-New Hampshire to Virginia—Florida, .......-...0e+ sees seen res 76 
153 
NORTHERN ELEMENT. 

Plants ranging south to...........eeee eee eee eee ees N. J. Del. or wid. 

From Labrador, ......... cee e eee eee ne tee teee 3 fo) 

Newfoundland, ........-. sc eee eee eee eens 10 3 

New Brunswick, ...........0.00e cece eee ee te) 3 

Noval S€Gtiay, ccccccnacspaae Raed SESE ROSS 2 2 

Man: gees ya Mee Raceline. 2 Lea 3 2 

18* 10 


Plants ranging north to........... N.J. So.N.¥. R.I.or Ct Mass. 

From Vitginia, i.¢2i0s.0saseden I I I 4 

N; ‘Caroling, ssscresaes 5 fe) I 3 

S. Carolina, ...... pgeatesies 4 fe) I 2 

Georgia, ..... ce eee ee eee 5 3 3 4 

POPE Ay. - carcauenead serinisetaans 55 29 18 48 

70* 33 24 67 

LOCAL ELEMENT. 

New: Jetséy -ofily; sof IN. JcDEl 4 cs cikinnct ocemsetad ea seyeetee mee tes 5 
Nie Souithe tan Ns M65 sigan eqoeitn co Ged auenrmvn iad ended. gauasrtorauatle Bea Sates 3 
IN& JAAS wededatetratu are a a reimaediben inpavaaiien ace yienmatondiaieine te hytampdpeletdinays 5 
Del -Massi, wie okseikee veers sane dae eee creat abs seamount 4 
17 


LIST OF NEW JERSEY PINE BARREN PLANTS. 


I. Characteristic Pine Barren Species.t—-Those which occur 
locally or as stragglers in other districts are so indicated by the 
initial letters of the districts, 7. e., M, Middle; C, Coast; C M, 
Cape May. 


* Detailed lists on pp. 49-56. The number of species there attributed to the 
Pine Barrens may differ a trifle from the totals here given due to additional 
data on distributon received after these figures were compiled. 

+A few species which occur only in the Pine Barrens or in the Middle 
District and Pine Barrens are omitted from these lists since they are rare 
and not typical, but they are, of course, included in the numerical statement. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 77 


Schizza pusilla (c). 
Dryopteris simulata. 
Lycopodium chapmanii (c, cm). 

i alopecuroides (cm). 
carolinianum (c, cm). 
Chamecyparis thyoides (m). 
Pinus rigida (mM, c, cm). 
Sparganium americanum. 
Potamogeton oakesianus (cm). 

ss confervoides. 
Sagittaria longirostra (cm). 
Erianthus saccharoides. 

Panicum longifolium (cm). 

3 meridionale (c, cm). 

leucothrix. 

spretum (c, cM). 

ensifolium (cM). 

clutei (cm). 

lucidum (c, cm). 

scabriusculum. 

cryptanthum. 
commonsianum (c, cm). 
,  columbianum thinium (mM, 
c, CM). 
Amphicarpon amphicarpon (cM). 
Sporobolus serotinus (m). 

a torreyanus (CM). 
Calamovilfa brevipilis. 

Agrostis elata (cM). 

Danthonia epilis. 

Cyperus cylindricus (Mm, c, cM). 
. dentatus (M). 

Eleocharis robbinsii (™). 

i‘ torreyana (CM). 

ie tuberculosa (M, c, cM). 

" tricostata (M, CM). 
Scirpus subterminalis (cm). 

longii. 
Eriophorum tenellum (M, cm). 
Rynchospora pallida (m,, cm). 


“ 


oligantha. 

a alba (M, c, CM). 

: knieskernii. 

“ filifolia. 

i gl. leptocarpa. 
axillaris. 

e axillaris microcephala. 
fusca (cM). 

“ gracilenta (cM). 


se torreyana (cM). 


Cladium mariscoides (c, cm). 
Scleria triglomerata (m). 
ee minor (M, cm). 
torreyana (cm). 
Carex bullata (™). 
“_walteriana (M, c). 
livida. 
barrattii (mM, cm). 
exilis. | 
atlantica (Mm). 
trisperma. 
Orontium aquaticum (Mm, cM). 
Xyris caroliniana (cm). 
“congdoni (m). 
fimbriata. 
arenicola, 
Eriocaulon septangulare. 
me compressum (cM). 
decangulare (cM). 
Juncus aristulatus (c, cm). 
“—militaris (m). 
cesariensis (m). 
Tofieldia racemosa. 
Abama americana. 
Xerophyllum asphodeloides (™). 
Uvularia nitida. 
Smilax tamnifolia (mM, cm). 
“Taurifolia (cm). 
walteri (cm). 
Gyrotheca tinctoria (cm). 
Lophiola americana. 
Gymnadeniopsis integra. 
Biephariglottis blephariglottis (m), 
cM). 
cristata (M, CM). 
Pogonia divaricata (cm). 
Gyrostachys precox (cM). 

& vernalis (c). 
Betula populifolia (m, c). 
Quercus marilandica (M, c, cM). 

i ilicifolia (mM, c, CM). 
Arenaria caroliniana. 
Nymphza variegata (M, CM). 
Brasenia purpurea (M, cm). 
Sarracenia purpurea (M, CM). 
Drosera filiformis (M, ¢c). 
Itea virginica (M, cM). 
Meibomia sessilifolia. 

“ stricta (M). 
Lespedeza angustifolia (mM, cM). 


‘ 


“ 


“ 


“ 


“ 


“ 


78 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Lespedeza oblongifolia. 
Clitoria mariana (M, cM). 
Linum floridanum (c). 
Polygala lutea (mM, cm). 

e cruciata (M, Cc, CM). 
brevifolia (™). 
mariana (cM). 
Euphorbia ipecacuanhe (M, cM). 
Corema conradii. 

Tlex glabra (M, c, cM). 

Acer rubrum carolinianum (cM). 
Ascyrum stans (M, CM). 

Hypericum densiflorum (m). 

i. virgatum ovalifolium (m 
cM). 

Hudsonia ericoides (c). 

Lechea minor (M, cM). 

“racemulosa (M, cM). 
Rhexia mariana (M, CM). 

“ aristata, 

Ludvigia linearis. 

hirtella (cm). 
Proserpinaca pectinata (M, CM). 
Myriophyllum humile (Mm. c). 
Oxypolis rigidior longifolia. 
Azalea viscosa (M, C, CM). 

i “e glauca (m). 

Dendrium buxifolium. 
Kalmia angustifolia (m, c). 
Pieris mariana (M, Cc). 
‘Chameedaphne calyculata (Mm). 
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. 
Gaylussacia dumosa (M, CM). 
Vaccinium corymbosum (mM, c). 

e virgatum. 


“ 


“ 


Oxycoccus macrocarpus (M, Cc. CM). 


Pyxidanthera barbulata (m). 
Trichostema lineare (m). . 
Sabbatia lanceolata (cm). 
Gentiana porphyrio (cm). 


Asclepias rubra (M, cM). 
Breweria pickeringii. 
Cuscuta cephalanthi. 
Gerardia holmiana. 

S racemulosa. 
Schwalbea americana. 
Utricularia cornuta. 

i subulata (M, Cc). 
cleistogama (CM). 
- inflata (M, cM). 
purpurea (M, CM). 
ss clandestina (m). 
i intermedia (M). 
fibrosa (M). 
virgatula (cm). 
Galium pilosum puncticulosum (cm). 
Lobelia nuttallii (m, c, cm). 

“ canbyi. 

Nabalus virgatus. 
Sclerolepis uniflora (cM). 
Eupatorium album (mM, c, CM). 


album subvenosum. 
= resinosum. 
a leucolepis (c, cM). 


Lacinaria gramin. pilosa (M, c, CM). 
Chrysopsis falcata. 
Solidago stricta. 

i puberula (mM, cm). 
erecta (M, CM). 
uniligulata. 

me fistulosa (M, ¢, CM). 
Aster nemoralis (™). 

“gracilis (1, c, CM). 

“ spectabilis (M, CM). 

“dumosus (M, ¢, CM). 
Deellingeria umbellata humilis. 
Helianthus angustifolius (™, c, CM). 
Bidens trichosperma tenuiloba (c, 

cM). 


II. SPECIES COMMON TO BOTH THE PINE BARRENS AND MIDDLE DISTRICT. 


Pteridiunr aquilinum. 
Woodwardia virginica. 
“ areolata, 
Osmunda cinnamomea. 
. regalis. 
Pinus echinata. 


Potamogeton epihydrus. 
Sparganium amer. androcladum. 
Andropogon scoparius. 
es corymbosus abbreviatus. 
gs virginicus. 
Paspalum setaceum. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 79 


Panicum verrucosum. 
lindheimeri. 
spherocarpon. 
villosissimum. 
oligosanthes. 
pseudopubescens. 
ashei. 
columbianum. 
addisonii. 
tsugetorum. 
virgatum cubense. 
Aristida dichotoma. 

gracilis. 
purpurascens. 
Calamagrostis cinnoides. 
Agrostis hyemalis. 
Danthonia sericea. 

fa spicata. 
Triplasis purpurea. 
Panicularia obtusa. 
Festuca octoflora. 
Cyperus flavescens. 

ef filiculmis macilentus. 
Eleocharis olivacea. 

ve tenuis. 
Scirpus americanus, 

o cyperinus. 
eriophorum. 
Fimbristylis autumnalis. 
Eriophorum virginicum. 
Rynchospora glomerata. 

ef macrostachya inundata. 
ne smallii. 
Carex collinsii. 

“  folliculata. 

pennsylvanica. 


umbellata 
4e “ce 


46 


“ 


“ 


tonsa. 
canescens disjuncta. 
albolutescens. 
annectens. 
Xyris torta. 
Pontederia cordata. 
Juncus pelocarpus, 
effusus. 

tenuis. 

« — dichotomus. 
“canadensis. 

« _ acuminatus. 


“cb “ 


6 


debilis. 


Zygadenus leimanthoides. 
Helonias bullata. 

Lilium superbum. 
Aletris farinosa. 

Smilax rotundifolia. 

“glauca. 

Hypoxis hirsuta. 
Iris prismatica. 
Sisyrinchium atlanticum. 
Cypripedium acaule. 
Gymnandeniopsis clavellata, 
Blephariglottis ciliaris. 
Pogonia ophioglossoides. 
Arethusa bulbosa. 
Limodorum tuberosum. 
Gyrostachys beckii. 

is cernua. 
Listera australis. 
Populus grandidentata. 
Comptonia peregrina. 
Alnus rugosa. 
Quercus alba. 

sf minor. 
prinus. 
prinoides. 
Polygonella articulata. 
Phoradendron flavescens. 
Castalia odorata. 
Magnolia virginiana. 
Drosera longifolia.’ 

m rotundifolia. 
Sassafras sassafras. 
Rubus hispidus. 

«  villosus. 
cuneifolius, 
Aronia nigra. 

" arbutifolia. 
Amelanchier intermedia. 
Crataegus tomentosus. 
Bapti@ia tinctoria. 
Lupinus perennis. 
Cracca virginiana. 
Stylosanthes biflora. 
Meibomia michauxii. 

rigida. 
obtusa. 
marilandica. 
Lespedeza repens. 

4 frutescens. 
stuvei. 


“c 


“ 


“ 


“c 


“ 


6c 


80 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Lespedeza hirta. 
Apios apios. 
Galactia regularis. 
Linum striatum. 
Polygala nuttallii. 

ce polygama. 
Crotonopsis linearis. 
Rhus vernix. 
licioides mucronata. 
Ilex laevigata. 
Ascyrum hypericoides. 
Hypericum canadense. 
Sarothra gentianoides. 
Triadenum virginicum. 
Helianthemum canadense. 
Lechea villosa. 

me leggettii. 
Viola lanceolata, 
Rotala ramosior. 
Decodon verticillatus. 
Rhexia virginica. 
Ludvigia alternifolia. 

Bi sphaerocarpa. 


Chamaenerion angustifolium. 


Epilobium coloratum. 
Nyssa sylvatica. 

Clethra alnifolia. 
Rhododendron maximum. 
Kalmia latifolia. 
Leucothoe racemosa. 
Xolisma ligustrina. 
Epigaea repens. 
Gaultheria procumbens. 
Gaylusacia baccata. 

- frondosa. 
Vaccinium vaccillans. 

i atrococcum. 
Lysimachia terrestris. 
Trientalis borealis. 
Bartonia virginica. 

s paniculata. 
Limnanthemum lacunosum. 
Asclepias amplexicaulis. 


Cuscuta compacta. 

Ms arvensis. 
Trichostema dichotomum. 
Koellia mutica. 

“ _-verticillata. 
Lycopus sessilifolius. 
Linaria canadensis. 
Gratiola aurea. 
Dasystoma pedicularis. 
Gerardia purpurea. 
Melampyrum lineare. 
Utricularia gibba. 
Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
Diodia teres. 

Viburnum nudum. 

a cassinoides. 
Adopogon carolinianum. 
Hieracium gronovii. 

. venosum, 
Nabalus trifoliatus. 
Eupatorium pubescens. 

a - rotundifolium. 
verbenaefolium. 
hyssopifolium. 
Chrysopsis mariana. ‘ 
Solidago bicolor. 

iy nemoralis. 
odora. 
neglecta. 
rugosa. 
Euthamia caroliniana. 
Sericocarpus asteroides. 

a linifolius. 
Aster concolor. 

“ patens. 

undulatus. 

novi-belgii. 

Tonactis linariifolius. 

Gnaphalium obtusifolium. 
es purpureum. 

Helianthus divaricatus. 

Coreopsis rosea. : 


“ 


“ 


“ 


“ 


THE MIDDLE DISTRICT, 


What I have termed the Middle District occupies that portion 
of the coastal plain which lies west and north of the Pine Barrens, 
reaching around the bay shore to Dennisville, although its sepa-- 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 81 


ration from the Cape May district is purely an arbitrary one. To 
the north it stretches up to the head of the Hackensack marshes, 
and includes Staten Island, part of Long Island, as well as a strip. 
of eastern Pennsylvania lying east of the fall line, comprising a 
considerable section of Bucks County and Tinicum township, in 
Delaware County. The lower part of Philadelphia also be- 
longed to this district, though its native flora is now practically 
exterminated. 

This is the region referred to by Dr. Arthur Hollick in his 
interesting paper on “The Relation Between Forestry and 
Geology in New Jersey’* as the “Tension Zone,” “because it is 
there that the two floras [1. e., the deciduous forest of the north- 
ern uplands and the coniferous forest of the Pine Barrens] meet 
and overlap, producing a constant state of strain or tension in 
the struggle for advantage.” 

Dr. Hollick was admittedly drawing his conclusions mainly 
from a study of the northern edge of the Pine Barrens as seen 
in the “tongues” which cross a line from Monmouth Junction to 
Farmingdale, and was not in possession of detailed information 
on the distribution of species in the southern part of the State. 
He, therefore, missed the fact that the so-called “Tension Zone” 
is not merely a mixture of elements from the northern counties 
and the Pine Barrens, but is characterized by a large number of 
peculiar species which are as foreign to one of the above regions 
as they are to the other. Some of the trees which are peculiar 
to the Middle District as contrasted with the Northern Uplands 
and Pine Barrens are Dospyros virginiana, Ilex opaca, Pinus 
virginiana, Quercus phellos, Betula migra, Liquidambar sty- 
raciflua. .Dr. Hollick states that all of these occur in the Conif- 
erous Zone, but, as a matter of fact, they are unknown in the 
Pine Bar rens, though they re-occur on the coast strip and in ‘the 
Cape May district. Therefore, while I heartily agree with Dr. 
Hollick’s contention that “the mechanical structure of the soil” 
is the most potent factor in the distribution of plants, I fail to 
appreciate the importance of “tension” in the vegetation of this 
zone. 'T'o me it seems to be a division of the coastal plain of 
equal rank with the Pine Barrens. 


* Report on Forests, Ann. Rep. State Geol. N. J. for 1899, pp. 177-201. 


A RNATTC 


82 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


This Middle district is eminently an agricultural one and 
largely given over to truck farms, so that the original flora is 
exterminated over large areas. Bogs and swamps have been 
drained to a great extent and much forest land thas disappeared. 
There are still, however, along the banks of creeks and streams 
and in other situations sufficient remnants to form a pretty 
accurate idea of the constituents of the flora. 


j 


Ul 


\ 


q if 
Nin 


f 


wy 
Wp 


f 
wal 


UN 


=] 


Y) 


Fig. 4——Range of Erythronium americanum, a species which enters the 
upper edge of the Middle District. 


The region comprises all of the cretaceous formation, and part 
of the tertiary, as already explained, but peculiarities in distribu- 
tion conform not to the boundaries of these areas, but rather to 
the areas of marl, sand or other varieties of surface soil. 


Several elements or intrusions may be detected in this flora of 
the Middle district: 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 83 


(1) Plants that have spread over from the country north of 
the fall line, most noticeable in the northwestern part of Burling- 
ton County and northern Monmouth County (Fig. 4). 

(2) The isolated Pine Barren colonies or islands already re- 
ferred to. 

(3) Species which seem to have their center of abundance in 
the Cape May district or more properly in Delaware (Fig. 5). 


=7 


=o 


Fig. 5.—Range of Lobelia puberula, a Cape May plant which pushes along 
the coast and Lower Middle District. 


In the bogs at Delanco and Repaupo, close to the Delaware, and 
to a less extent: in some of the others occur certain decidedly 
boreal species, which probably owe their presence here to some 
earlier phenomenon than the recent influx of upland species 
across the fall line. These occurrences are parallel with the 
presence of Rhododendron and Ilicioides in the swamps of the 
Pine Barrens. 


84 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Such species are Muhlenbergia foliosa, Carex limosa, Erio- 
phorum gracile, Scirpus torreyi, Schenchzeria palustris, Meny- 
anthes trifoliatus. 

The district presents many varieties of vegetation. The tide- 
water creeks along the Delaware support Zizania palustris, Typha 
latifolia, Typha angustifolia, Peltandra virginica, Sagittaria 
latifolia, Nymphea advena, Polygonum sagittatum, P. arifolwum, 
Bidens levis, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Sambucus canadensis, 
etc., etc. 

In the swampy meadows characteristic species are Eupatorimim 
maculatum, E. perfoliatum Soldiago rugosa, Euthamia gramini- 
folia, Mimulus ringens, Chelone glabra, Lobelia cardinalis, Ver- 
nonia noveboracensis, Aster novi-belgii, A. puniceus, Cuscuta 
gronovi, Galium asprellum, Alnus rugosa, Asclepias pulchra, 
etc., etc. 

Woodlands vary a great deal in composition. Near the Dela- 
ware in Camden County are some almost exclusively composed of 
beech, Fagus grandifolia, with which are associated Quercus 
rubra and Q. alba, with very little undergrowth and such herbs as 
Leptamnium virginianum,, Hypopitys hypopitys, Chimaphila 
maculata, Peramium pubescens and Mitchella repens. — 

Pure beech woods, however, are rare, and the typical West 

Jersey woods, especially along the streams, consist of Quercus 
phellos, Q. palustris, Q. triloba, Liquidambar styraciflua, Lirio- 
dendron tulipifera, Fagus grandifolia, Corpinus caroliniana, 
Cornus florida, Betula nigra, Nyssa sylvatica, Hicoria alba, H. 
glabra, Prunus serotina, Diospyros virginiana, with undergrowth 
of Viburnum dentatum, Ilex opaca, Azalea nudiflora, Evonymus 
americanus, etc. 
__In other spots more remote from water an almost pure growth 
of Pinus virginiana occurs, with huckleberries here and there and 
such herbs as Cypripedium acaule, Silene caroliniana, Chimaphila 
maculata, C. umbellata, Pyrola rotundifolia, P. chlorantha, P. 
secunda, Asclepias amplexicaulis, various species of Panicum, 
etc., etc. 

In the bogs some Pine Barren species often occur, with such 
other species as Polygala viridescens, Castilleja coccinea, Lobelia 
cardimalis, Gentiana crinita, Gentiana saponaria, Sanguisorba 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 85 


canadensis, Caltha palustris, etc., none of which occur in the 
Pines. 


Numerically the flora of the Middle District comprises, exclusive of 


Weeds; 24 secudurnnecdaadnum aencdet pada NARs hee cay gee tam eRe alee et pum cree a 1138 
Obvious intrusions or “relicts’ from the Pine Barrens or from 
Other. MISthHiGts,: cseess opp suns eneadatome deine eudons eee: 114 
Plants common to the northern half of the State, but occurring only 
in the upper part of the Middle District, ..................00, 655 
— 769 
Characteristic Middle District Flora, ............000ec ccc eeeeeee 369 


Systematically these are grouped as follows: 


Pterydophytesy: ic insdenvde eaiesc ea wacdrared vc cu eae oe ee oa we one oka 8 

Gy MNOsPerwniss 254 gies 2:5 5s aie 8S isacd aH ate aetagiel &dohenn 4B bAmeabaseda OA Aveo 3 
Monocotyledons Graminesz, .......... 00. e cece eee EAbsiah inn savy ntat 39 
CV PEACE sect ce dace aectien gs deoncneayA Ora mesa eam aceiees 33 
Others, issues dearosiais apse ge tnarhions wax ek yseneRs 40 

: — 112 
Dicotyledons Polypetalae, ......... 0.00.0 cece cece e cee ence en eennens 128 
Monopetala, ............ cece eee eee ines ese ng ved Gace 118 

; —— 246 

369 


Considering the entire Middle district flora, exclusive of the 
114 intrusions, 7. ¢. 1,023 species, we find the range of the species 
is as follows: 


WIDE RANGING. 


Whole of North America, . nics cscs aeenece ees cs bau eeass ces bGeaers 18 
Canadian Provinces to Virginia~Florida, .............0- eee eee se aca hailed 353 
Maitie to: Virginia—Plotiday 2 csaaeds va ce carats oa ne sa ewer gp dane 258 


Plants ranging south to........... 0. see cece eee eeeee NJ. Del. or Md. 

Prom Labrador; tiiacckavnuay ce oe nomen vara st 7 3 
Newtoundland,. sssiecis sors iat eaeies execs 12 8 

Nova ScOtia,. aaskiteous beaker iasesases 8 8 

New Brunswick, ..........0eceeece eee eees 2 2 

IVI SMTIED. easiniertvenoreie she Aslensbelr No uence axccauanians Salts 15 9 

New Hampshire, .......--.2 sees e reece eens fo) I 

Vermont, ........... Mbkide's oa wae eales wan 2 I 

46* 32 


* For list of species, see pp. 49-56. 


86 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


SOUTHERN ELEMENT. 


Plants ranging north to...........- N.J. So.N.Y. Ct.orR.I. Mass. 

From Virginia, ..............++ 3 3 2 II 

Ny CarOliia 2.2028 cecavcs 2 4 I 6 

S. Carolina, ..........--. 2 3 3 4 

Ger giay: ier ccnsisinsisncsioins 9 7 7 19 

Mloriday. ssakcomsnecacesang 53 30 35 85 

69* 56 48 125 

LOCAL ELEMENT 

NEW. RSE Y: OMY: a) dvevess aude Sets dacatescupadeetnala bcos dso OGL UY OREO TS Tot 3 
New JerseyeMaryland,. o.0..6 cs sueernce scat dvinmauionne cia kanes qde de O kN 2 
Long Island-New Jersey, ........:ccce cece cece cere tent een e etree eaeeees I 
Long Island=D clawave? cscs. vcanaioenwapra soe ie taingenitind somoueouasedaen I 
R. heDelaware: cansceuss: pi arueewnaste dG taeratibe ys eamresaeage ess I 
Massachusetts’ to: Ni J4 aces ce secuenecssa vas rae sadeus tae ewswanun seams I 
ne © “Delaware sssactecmencweg ye see eaegnade ween Rae 4 
tf Me Ma Fy ANG, ss. itoscotasaschOians a. SRI asta CERT RA GMNE OH ES 5 
18 


LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC MIDDLE DISTRICT PLANTS. 


To the following 167 species are to be added the 202 common 


to the Pine Barrens (see p. 78) 


Lygodium palmatum. 
Dryopteris thelypteris. 
Equisetum arvense. 
Sorghastrum nutans. 
Juniperus virginiana. 
Pinus virginiana. 
Paspalum prostratum. 
Panicum stipitatum, 
depauperatum. 
dichotomum. 
microcarpon. 
barbulatum. 
scribnerianum. 
Stipa avenacea. 
Deschampsia flexuosa. 
Gymnopogon ambiguus. 
Eragrostis pectinacea. 
Panicularia nervata. 

es pallida. 


* For list of species, see pp. 40-56. 


Cyperus retrofractus. 

“ hystricinus. 
Carex lupulina. 

“ intumescens. 
vestita. 
caroliniana. 
triceps, 

“ ~ oblita. 

interior. 

varia emmonsii. 
vulpinoidea. 
scoparia, 
Ariseema triphyllum. 

“ pusillum. 
Peltandra virginica. 
Spathyema feetida. 
Juncus marginatus. 

“  scirpoides. 
Uvularia sessilifolia. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 


Uvularia perfoliata. 
Polygonatum commutatum, 
Medeola virginiana. 
Dioscorea villosa. 
Saururus cernuus, 
Hicoria glabra. 
Carpinus caroliniana. 
Betula nigra. 

Fagus grandifolia. 
Castanea dentata. 
Quercus rudkini. 

“palustris. 
phellos. 

“ triloba. 
Morus rubra. 
Comandra umbellata. 
Rumex verticillatus. 
Polygonum tenue. 

x punctatum. 
sagittatum, 
arifolium, 
scandens, 
Silene caroliniana. 
Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Aquilegia canadensis. 
Anemone quinquefolia. 
Clematis virginiana. 
Ranunculus hispidus. 
Thalictrum polygamum. 
Benzoin aestivale. 
Spireea latifolia. 

“tomentosa. 
Fragaria virginiana. 
Potentilla canadensis. 
Geum canadense. 
Rosa carolina. 

Prunus serotina. 
Cassia nictitans. 
Meibomia nudiflora. 


“ 


- paniculata, 
Lespedeza nuttallii. 

os virginica. 

capitata. 


Falcata comosa. 
Geranium maculatum. 
sf carolinianum. 
Polygala viridescens. 
Rhus copallina. 
“ ~ radicans. 


Ilex opaca. 

“ verticillata. 
Impatiens biflora. 
Vitis labrusca. 

“  estivalis. 
Psedera quinquefolia. 
Hypericum mutilum, 
Viola pedata, 

“ cucullata. 
sagittata. 
primulefolia. 
rafinesquii. 
Opuntia opuntia. 
Onagra biennis. 
CEnothera laciniata. 
Kneiffia pumila. 
Sanicula canadensis. 
Cicuta maculata. 
Sium cicutefolium, 
Angelica villosa. 
Oxypolis rigidior. 
Cornus florida. 

“ amomum. 
Pyrola rotundifolium. 
Chimaphila maculata. 
Monotropa uniflora. 
Azalea nudiflora, 
Lysimachia quadrifolia. 
Diospyros virginiana. 
Sabatia angularis. 
Asclepias tuberosa. 

7 variegata. 
Convolvulus sepium. 
Cuscuta gronovii. 
Phiox maculata. 
Myosotis virginica. 
Verbena hastata. 
Scutellaria lateriflora. 

ve integrifolia. 

Hedeoma pulegioides. 
Keellia flexuosa. 
Lycopus americanus. 
Chelone glabra. 
Mimulus ringens. 
Dasystoma flava. 
Gerardia tenuifolia. 
Mitchella repens. 
Galium aparine. 

“ _ claytoni. 


“ 


“ce 


“c 


87 


88 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Galium pilosum. 
Sambucus canadensis. 
Viburnum dentatum. 
Specularia perfoliata. 
Lobelia cardinalis. 
Adopogon virginicum. 
Lactuca canadensis. 


Vernonia noveboracensis. 


Eupatorium maculatum. 
oe perfoliatum. 
aromaticum. 
Willugbeya scandens. 
Solidago serotina. 
se altissima. 


“ 


Aster puniceus. 

“  Jateriflorus. 

“  ericoides. 
Deellingeria umbellata. 
Antennaria neodiocia. 

se neglecta. 

a plantaginifolia. 

we parlinii. 
Helianthus giganteus, 
Bidens levis. 

es comosa. 

fe frondosa. 

“  bipinnata. 
Senecio aureus. 


if canadensis. Carduus discolor. 
Euthamia graminifolia. “«  muticus. 


THE COASTAL STRIP. 


The existence of a coastal flora distinct from that of the Pine 
Barrens and independent of the maritime element was first recog- 
nized by the writer and pointed out in 1908.* 

This is essentially a continuation of the flora of the Middle 
district around the northern and southern extremities of the Pine 
Barrens. North. of Asbury Park it practically merges into the 
Middle district, while south of Sea Isle Junction it is not always 
clearly defined from similar elements of the Cape May district. 
On the coast islands from Bay Head to Sewell’s Point, Cape May, 
it is well developed and contains, in addition to the Middle dis- 
trict species, a certain number of Pine Barren plants. The strip 
on the mainland is sometimes so narrow and so cut by projecting 
arms of the Pine Barrens that it is obviously impossible to tell 
which species of the latter should be regarded as common also tu 
the coastal strip. The only plan seems to be to include only such 
as have become established on the islands. While the coastal 
flora has been said to be largely identical with that of the Middle 


* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1907, p. 452 (issued Jan. 20, 1908). ‘This 
strip appears in Prof. John B. Smith’s report on New Jersey Insects in last 
year’s Museum Report. Prof. Smith consulted with me upon the construc- 
tion of this map and availed himself of the results of my studies upon the 
distribution of plants and vertebrate animals in New Jersey, but inadvertently 
failed to mention the fact or to refer to the paper just quoted. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 89 


district, there is an additional element of a distinctly boreal nature 
found neither in the Middle district nor in the Pine Barrens.* 
Such species are starred in the following list, the other species 
being plants of similar boreal distribution, but which occur also 
occasionally in the upper part of the Middle district, although 
much more abundant on the coast. 


Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
Lycopodium flabelliforme. 
Potamogeton pectinatus.* 
Cinna arundinacea. 
Bromus purgans.* 
Elymus striatus, 

Cyperus diandrus. 

Carex lanuginosa. 

Juncus articulatus.* 
Vagnera stellata.* 
Unifolium canadense. 
‘Leptorchis loeselii. 
Gyrostachys plantaginea. 


Fragaria virginica. 
Sanguisorba canadensis. 
Rosa virginiana.* 
Crataegus crus-galli. 
Falcata comosa. 
Phaseolus polystachyus. 
Geranium robertianum.* 
Polygala verticillata. 
Celastrus scandens. 
Hypericum boreale. 
Myriophyllum tenellum. 
Samolus floribundus. 
Sabatia angularis. 


Populus tremuloides. Gentiana crinita. 
Morus rubra. Gentiana andrewsii. 
Parietaria pennsylvanica.* Lycopus uniflorus. 
Silene stellata. Scrophularia leporella: 
Sagina procumbens.* Helianthus giganteus. 
Moehringia lateriflora. Carduus discolor. 
Aquilegia canadensis. , “  muticus. 
Arabis lyrata. 


The coast islands form a most interesting field for botanical 
study, but unfortunately the spread of seaside resorts has cleared 
one beach after another of its native flora until there is practically 
no untouched forest except the tract back of Ventnor and south 
of Atlantic City. This contains numbers of Pitch Pine Pinus 
rigida, as well as Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana, White Oak 
Quercus alba, Post Oak Q\. stellata, Spanish Oak Q. triloba, 
Shadbush Amelanchier intermedia, Wild Cherry Prunus serotina, 
Sumac Rhus copalina, Red Maple Acer rubum, Grape Vitis esti- 


*Dr, H. A. Pilsbry has found a precisely similar element in the Land 
Snail fauna of the coast strip in the woods below Atlantic City. Cf. The 


Nautilus, 1911, pp. 34-35. 


90 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


valis, Holly Ilex opaca, Staff Vine Celastrus scandens, Sassafras 
S. sassafras, and Persimmon Diospyrus virginiana. ‘To the north 
the island beaches support no trees except a few Red Cedars, 
though the spit reaching from Bay Head southward contains 
Quercus phellos, Ilex opaca, Quercus ilicifolia, Pinus rigida. 
To the south there was until two years ago, quite a wooded 
thicket at the upper end of Ocean City, comprising the same 
species as those found near Ventnor, except the Pine. 

Sea Isle Beach supported only a few Cedars, as did T'wo-Mile 
Beach, just above Cape May, but the two intervening islands, 
Seven and Five-Mile Beaches, were thickly wooded. Pines were 
very rare, two small ones only, on Seven-Mile and no record for 
Five-Mile. The abundant species were the same as those found 
back of Ventnor on the Atlantic City Island, with the addition 
of Willow Oak Quercus phellos, Red Mulberry Morus rubra, 
Hackberry Celtis occidentalis and Magnolia virginiana on Seven- 
Mile Beach, and most of them on Five-Mile Beach as well. 

On Seven-Mile Beach immense sand dunes (see pl. CXXIX), 
towering higher than the forest, shut it off from the sea, but my 
last visit there found a gang of men cutting down the forest, 
while steam shovels were leveling the dunes, and dirt cars carried 
off the sand to be used in the manufacture of concrete houses. 
Five-Mile Beach has suffered similar “improvement.” 

Fortunately good series of the flora of these two islands, now 
all but extinct, are preserved in the Academy of Natural Sciences* 
and University of Pennsylvania, while Dr. Thos. S. Githens, 
Prof. Chas. H. LaWall* and the writer have made considerable 
collections at Ventnor. An “Ecological Study of the New 
Jersey Strand Flora,” presented by Dr. J. W. Harshberger 
in the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy, 1900, p. 623, 
contains a good account of the forest of Five-Mile Beach. 

A list of the plants peculiar to the coast strip follows. A few 
of them occur occasionally in the Middle district, but they are far 
more abundant on the coast. ‘hese are additional to those 
starred in the preceding list on p. 89, and a number of them are of 
austral affinities. 


* Cf. Bartonia, 1910, pp. 12-21. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. gI 


Tripsacum dactyloides. 
Erianthus saccharoides. 
Panicum virgatum. 
oricola. 
linearifolium. 
scoparium. 
mattamusketense, 
lanuginosum. 
Spenopholis obtusata. 
Cyperus grayi. 

sf microdontus. 
Scleria verticillatta. 
Myrica carolinensis. 


Atriplex hastata. 
Cardamine arenicola. 
Bradburya virginiana. 
Kosteletzkya virginica, 
Hudsonia tomentosa. 
Lechea maritima. 
Ludwigiantha arcuata. 
Hydrocotyle verticillata. 
Convolvulus repens. 
Lippia lanceolata. 
Koellia aristata. 
Baccharis halimifolia. 


The following list comprises some of the species characteristic 
of the Coast strip as contrasted with the Pine Barrens, but which 
are also common in West Jersey: 


Juniperus virginiana. 
Panicum huachuce. 
Tridens flavus. 
Elymus virginicus. 
Cyperus rivularis. 
Carex tenuis. 
Vagnera racemosa. 
Quercus phellos. 
Celtis occidentalis. 
Polygonum scandens. 
es punctatum. 
Benzoin aestivale. 
Liquidambar styraciflua. 
Geum canadense. 
Rosa carolina. 
Strophostyles helvula. 
Ilex opaca. 
Impatiens biflora. 
Vitis labrusca. 
Hibiscus moscheutos. 
Hypericum mutilum. 
Opuntia opuntia. 


Oenothera biennis. 
Proserpinaca palustris. 
Sium cicutifolium. 
Oxypolus rigidior. 
Cornus florida. 
Sabatia angularis. 
Asclepias pulchra. 
Verbena hastata. 
Salvia lyrata. 
Lycopus americanus. 
Gerardia purpurea. 
Galium claytoni. 
Sambucus canadensis. 
Viburnum dentatum. 
Lobelia cardinalis. 
Vernonia noveboracensis. 
Eupatorium maculatum. 
perfoliatum. 
Solidago altissima. 
Helenium autumnale. 
Carduus spinosissimus. 


The coast strip flora, exclusive of the halophytes of the strand and 


salt marshes, COMPTFiSES ..... 6. cece eee e cece eee eee eee ees 524 species 
Of these there are local intrusions from other districts, ....... eve 32 
True coast strip flora, ..........+6+. Soto ke tA RMG ATES 492 


These range as follows: 


92 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


WIDE RANGING. 


Throughout North America, ....-....ceeee eect etree tenet eee e ne tetine 12 
Canadian Provinces to Virginia—-Florida, ............ccee eee e cence eens 156 
Maine-N. Hampshire to Virginia—Florida, .........0.+ +++ see eeeeeeee ees 134 


Hl NORTHERN ELEMENT. 
Plants ranging south to............ eee eee een eee Seay N.J. Del. or Md. 
Bron LabradOtcccscns ox var renkionmons tetwahuacenterainnd SS I 

Newfoundland, cdsc sscquanae eee ve uwiienes cer Io I 
New Brunswick, ......... ccc eeeeee erences I 2 

ING Va SGOtlas, ncico6 esis. camel pane See weeRT aes 2 

MAINE, asccrcceictaie taunt ageiinin viene a OCR “2 6 

II 


SOUTHERN ELEMENT. 

Plants ranging north to............ N.J. So.N.Y. Ct.orR.I. Mass. 
From Virginia, ..........-....-5 I I 5 

Ni Carolina, i540 2ca gies I 

SCarolinaech: viscuwerdaies I 

GeOrela,, «dient sne sl aeaes I 

Florida, ................. 28 


NGwe Jersey iomlysy aiazessctes sereses suausuuiln sures ndutah senlamostays ane aveendaaadaualengier he Mees 2 
Long Island to New: Jersey; scessggttend sequen even ttataeenns fecduihee Ses I 


Mass: to New Jersey; sacucaxss ci anaatean ape deneaawe ae 4 eoeiemseter it ete I 
Mass: t6: Delaware, cae eho.scicueds He asks eee ee ee Re emtne Pees ems I 
Mass toy Marydatid), :2ctsisecsann od coecragediebonkichdisdeaduapeaon ane ase Oa,8esens 22-8 Oe I 


THE CAPE MAY DISTRICT.* 


The Cape May peninsula south of the Great Cedar Swamp, 
stretching from Dennisville to Sea Isle Junction, is for conven- 
ience regarded as a separate district. As a matter of fact, it 
consists of a joining of the coast strip flora and that of the | 
Middle District, which comes around the bay shore from the 
west. The Pine Barren element is also present, but in more. or 
less isolated patches and dilute in character. 

Pine woods are comparatively scarce, and occur mainly on the 


* Cf. “Scheyichbi and the Strand,” Edw. S. Wheeler, 1876, for account of 
the Cape May District. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 93 


western side of the peninsula, while even there we find nothing 
like the open pitch pine woods of the Pine Barrens. 

The country is largely cultivated along the coast'and in the 
lower portion of the peninsula, but the native flora is nowhere 
destroyed as in the marl belt of the Middle District. 

An interesting feature of the flora of the peninsula is the 
recurrence of many upland species, especially about Cold Spring 
and Bennett, which are rare or absent between this point and 
the northern portion of the Middle district in Burlington and 
Monmouth Counties, also the presence of certain other northern 


species not known elsewhere south of the fall line. 


Such species are as follows: 


Botrychium virginicum. 
Calamagrostis canadensis. 
Sphenopholis palustris. 
Poa brevifolia. 
Panicularia septentrionalis. 
Carex buxbaumii. 

“ * festucacea: brevior. 
Arisaema dracontium. 
Veratrum viride. 
Uvularia perfoliata. 
Allium canadense. 
Blephariglottis lacera. 
Corallorhiza odontorhiza. 
Peramium pubescens. 
Carpinus caroliniana. 
Betula nigra. 

Fagus grandifolia. 
Quercus rubra. 
Aristolochia serpentaria. 
Polygonum virginianum. 
Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Cimicifuga racemosa. 
Anemone virginiana. 
Clematis virginiana. 
Ranunculus hispidus. 
Thalictrum revolutum. 
Menispermum canadense. 
Sanguinaria canadensis. 
Saxifraga pennsylvanica. 
Saxifraga virginiana. 


Heuchera americana. 
Geum canadensis. 
Agrimonia mollis. 
Cassia marilandica. 
Meibomia nudiflora. 
Oxalis violacea. 
Linum virginianum. 
Sanicula marilandica. 
Angelica villosa. 
Cornus florida. 
Fraxinus pennsylvanica. 
Menyanthes trifoliata. 
Phlox maculata. 
Scutellaria pilosa. 

KS galericulata. 
Koellia flexuosa. 
Cunila origanoides. 
Chelone glabra. 
Pedicularis lanceolata. 
Pedicularis canadensis. 
Galium circaezans. 
Viburnum prunifolium. 
Triosteum perfoliatum. 
Campanula aparinoides. 
Adopogon virginicum. 
Lactuca spicata. 

Aster macrophyllus. 
Erigeron pulchellus. 
Senecio aureus. 


In contrast to this is a certain southern element especially 
noticeable to the west of Bennett and Cold Spring, but spread 


94 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


more or less over the whole lower third’of the peninsula. Most 
of these species are restricted to the Cape May District, but a 
few have spread northward in the lower Middle District, and 
constitute the “Cape May element” referred to under that head— 
i. e., Pinus serotina, Paspalum membranaceum, Aristida lanosa, 
Gymnopogon brevifolius, Eleocharis tortilis, Hypericum adpres- 
sum, Gratiola sphaerocarpa, Lobelia puberula. In the same 
category should probably be placed Cyperus pseudovegetus, Poly- 
gala incarnata, and a few other species rare in the Middle Dis- 
trict and not yet detected on the Cape May peninsula. 

A’ few of the Cape May plants also spread northward along 
the coast strip for a short distance. 

All of the plants peculiar to Cape May, which are of southern 
affinities, are found immediately across the bay in Delaware, 
where the flora is practically the same.* 

The Cape May flora numbers in all 658 species; of these there 
may be deducted as local intrusions 8, leaving 650 species. 

None of the Pine Barren species have been deducted, since 
they vary so in their abundance in the Cape May district that it 
is impossible to say which should be regarded as true members 
of the flora and which as intrusions or relicts. 

Considering the general range of the species, they fall into the 
following categories: 


WIDE RANGING. 


Throughout North America, ...........c. ccc cece cece ces eceacuenentenes 13 
Canadian Provinces to Virginia—Florida, ............... ccc eeeuceeeeeee 182 
Mainé-to: Vitginia=Florida, cscuss se eseneeaaiesieevisckeessevicwumueneys 164 


Rameitig, SOUth: £0 i osc sccccia esuesataccleasya catia cuabolelad Wins ueaiearseavent N. J. Del. or Md. 
From Newfoundland, ............. 0c. cece cee eeees 5 3 
New Britnswich:. gee snes seoesomrensiae ty axes 2 to) 
Nowa Scotia; ena cnuale saanaanieunas ceases fe) 2 
Maine a e's iisscnatasianesliacs be iabsiviieddurssdaer annua I 2 
I 0 
9 7 


New: iamipshi ts sis cas a cemancanigres ca acne aeespharels 


*Cf. Williamson Torreya, 1909, p. 160, and Harper Torreya, 1909, p. 217, 
for notes on the Delaware flora and Shreve et al. Plant Life of Maryland 
(vol. 3, publ. Md. Weather Service, 1910) for account of that of Maryland. 


. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 95 
SOUTHERN ELEMENT. 

Plants ranging north to............ N.J. So.N.¥. Ct.orR.I. Mass, 

From Virginia, ................ I 2 I 6 

N. Carolina, ........... 2 I I 7 

Sy Carolingy: of wc seoccae : 2 rc) 3 2 

GeORBIa,. ese oecsadacentnnes 6 2 5 8 

Ploriday. .icncestcse enon 73 48 26 67 

84 53 36 90 

LOCAL ELEMENT. 

INGw Jersey OMly, aie sigs lad qeatsioines Seaaase cements ele vob bean tute close oh als I 
New Jersey to Maryland, .........0.00 000. ccc ccccecececeesecectutecenes I 
Long Island to New Jersey, ......... cece cceeceuccetcuccucceccuneeans 3 
Mass: ‘to: Dels tor Md a; wives cvs tagieninnles cadsecne wecnanuroua nate ngnoewantnna ae 6 
II 


Species Peculiar to the Cape May District, or Spreading Slightly nid orthward 
in the Middle or Coast Districts. 


Pinus teeda. 

“ serotina. 
Taxodium distychum. 
Coelorachis rugosa. 
Paspalum membranaceum. 

- plenipilum. 
glabratum. 
Panicum hemitomon. 

- condensum. 
commutatum. 
angustifolium. 
aciculare, 
caerulescens. 
wrightianum. 
Sacciolepis striata. 
Chaetochloa magna. 
Aristida lanosa. 
Sporobolus asper. 
‘Gymnopogon brevifolius. 
Poa brachyphylla. 
Eleocharis quadrangulata. 

« ocreata. 


“ 


Eleocharis melanocarpa. 

oe tortilis. 
Psilocarya nitens. 
Rynchospora macrostachya. 

“ rariflora. 
(Carex buxbaumii) .* 

( “ — festucacea brevior).* 
Xyris elata, 

Juncus setaceus. 
Gymnadeniopsis nivea. 
Blephariglottis peramoena. 
Tipularia discolor. 

Myrica cerifera. 

Polygonum eciliatum. 

a setaceum. 
Lespedeza stuvei neglecta. 
Galactia volubilis. 

Falcata pitcheri. 

Malus angustifolia. 
Hypericum adpressum. 
Hottonia inflata, 
(Menyanthes trifoliata).* 


* Peculiar to the Cape May District so far as southern New Jersey is con- 


cerned, but of distinctly boreal affinities. 


Poa brachyphylla and Panicum com- 


mutatum occur farther north in Pennsylvania, etc., and are not quite in the 
same class with the other species here listed, but their affinities are austral. 


96 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Lycopus rubellus. Plantago elongata. 
Gratiola pilosa. Diodia virginiana. 
“ sphaerocarpa. Galium hispidulum. 

Utricularia radiata. Eupatorium ccelestinum. 

‘i juncea. Solidago elliotii. 

o resupinata. Boltonia asteroides. 
Tecoma radicans. Pluchea foetida. 
Ruellia ciliosa. Senecio tomentosus. 


THE MARITIME FLORA. 


It is by no means as easy as would appear at first thought to 
separate the truly maritime plants, the halophytes of the strand 
and the salt marsh from plants of the coastal strip which occur 
along the edge of the salt marsh where it joins the upland or 
interior flora. Furthermore, some plants of the latter group, 
while strictly coastal in New Jersey, do not seem to be so else- 
where. 

The main divisions of the maritime district are easily recog- 
nized: (1) the beach, (2) the sand dunes, and (3) the salt 
marsh.* . 

On the beach we have: 


Polygonum maritimum. . Sesuvium maritimum.. 
Atriplex arenaria. Ammodenia peploides. 
Salsola kali. Cakile edentula. 
Amaranthus pumilus. Xanthium echinatum. 


Also often individuals of Cenchrus, Ammophila, Carex, Oeno- 
thera and Euphorbia from the dunes. 
On the dunes occur: 


Panicum amarum. Chenopodium leptophyllum. 
Andropogon littoralis. Lathyrus maritimus. 
Cenchrus tribuloides. *Prunus maritima. 
Ammophila arenaria. Euphorbia polygonifolia. 
Eragrostis pectinacea spectabilis. Hudsonia tomentosa. 
*Cyperus grayi. Lechea maritima. 

Carex silicia. *Polygonella articulata. 
Rumex hastatulus. Oenothera humifusa. 


*For more minute divisions cf. Harshberger, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
1900, 623 et seq., 1902, 642-669. 

A star before a name indicates that the species is not truly or exclusively: 
maritime and has already been discussed in another category. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 97 


Also Xanthium from the beach and Psedera quinquefolia and 
other interior plants. 

Both the Prunus and Polygonella occur commonly in the 
Middle and Pine Barren districts, while the Hudsonia and Lechea 
are occasional in the Pines, 

The true salt marsh vegetation consists of the following 


species : 


Triglochin maritimum. 
Spartina cynosuroides. 

ie patens. 
glabra. 
Diplachne fascicularis. 
Puccinellia fasciculata. 
Distichlis spicata. 
Cyperus nuttallii, 
Eleocharis rostellata. 
Fimbristylis castanea. 
Scirpus americanus. 

» nanus. 

* robustus. 

Juncus gerardi. 


“ 


Polygonum, proliferum. 
atlanticum. 


“ 


Chenopodium rubrum. 

Atriplex hastata. 

Salicornia europea. 
bigelovii. 


Salicornia ambigua. 
Dondia americana. 

i linearis. 
Bassia hirsuta. 
*Acnida cannabina. 
Tissa oligosperma. 
Oxygraphis cymbalaria. 
*Kosteletzkya virginica. 
Glaux maritima. 
Lilaeopsis linearis. 
Sabatia stellaris. 
Gerardia maritima, 
Plantago decipiens. 

halophila. 
Solidago sempervirens. 
Aster tenuifolius. 
“  subulatus. 
Iva oraria. 
Baccharis halimifolia. 
Pluchea camphorata. 


Of these Spartina patens, Distichlis spicata, Juncus gerardt, 
Salicornia europea, S. bigelovii and S. ambigua make up the bulk 
of the vegetation on the open marsh, more sandy spots sup- 
port Cyperus nuttallii, Planiago’ maritima, Dondia linearis, D. 
americana, Bassia hirsuta, Polygonum atlanticum, P. proliferum, 
etc., while along the edges of the creeks and thoroughfares which 
occur everywhere through the marshes grow Spartina cyno- 
suroides, Iva oraria and Baccharis halimifolia. 

Solidago sempervirens and Atriplex hastata occur in almost 
any situation except out on the open flat marsh. 

Some of these plants, notably Sabatia stellaris and Koste- 
letzkya virginica, grow along the border of the “upland”, and 
belong better, perhaps, with the following, which are usually 
associated with them: 

7 MUS 


98 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Chaetochloa magna. *Lythrum lineare. 

*Chaetochloa versicolor. Eryngium aquaticum. 

Echinochloa walteri. *Sabatia dodecandra. 

*Festuca rubra. *Asclepias lanceolata. 

Elymus halophilus. *Teucrium canadense littorale. 

Fuirena squarrosa. Ptilimnium capillaceum. 
hispida. 


Some of both of the last lists also occur in the moist hollows 
ainong the dunes, where we also find: 


*Samolus floribundus. *Agrostis maritima. 
*Limosella tenuifolia. *Sphenopholis obtusata. 
*Zanichellia palustris. *S. obtusata pubescens. 


While the species in the last three lists are typical coast plants, 
some of them occur also in other districts, and some are, per- 
haps, better referred to the coastal strip already described than 
to the maritime. 

In salt water along the coast we find Zostera marina and 
Ruppia maritima, the latter extending into brackish or even 
fresh ponds, and where larger streams come down to the coast 
or where extensive fresh marshes join the brackish ones we find 
Scirpus: olneyi, Typha angustifolia, T latifolia and Phragmites 
phragmites. 

Of the eighty-nine species referred to in this discussion of the 
maritime flora eighteen have been considered under other sections: 
in the preceding discussions and estimates, though, as already 
said, the division is sometimes an arbitrary one. These species 
have been starred to distinguish them from those regarded as 
truly maritime. 

When the 71 maritime species are grouped according to their 
general range we find them divided as follows: 


WIDE RANGING. 


Canadian Provinces to Virginia—Florida, 
Maiié-to: VirginiasFloriday. ccicccanan aadmdoot oa deems ae aoemeenaeene nena 10 
Maine to Delaware avvcet-ir mais auinanyenen decane aetelnen ooo dale duct I 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 99 


NORTHERN ELEMENT. 


Rafiging south to: sesay seu y vw aieas cicinke a v:ajeuisinwoneasae vaamanaiecmnres N. J. 
Brom Gabtad ory. 3sssss, cc cos salescossutannplevrachie-gf bascsfouiivey vases nis teenie geet 3 
INGWLOUAGIANG, .a-ascsies.don avancestintaaeareate © aenigemneieneer eens mises Soe oBebosus 4 
INGVas SCOUHas, gra lecorna eave nahevpellannaii enesias oies auton aes acossbacdsivindeon 4 
Mai ih5 ..-x misrmeetvereaet a senteai eam Secs aia sacsuissuside dsaveca acuonsblaouaegnose 2 
13 

SOUTHERN ELEMENT. 

Plants ranging north to............ N.J. So.N.Y. CtorR.I. Mass. 
From N. Carolina, ............. ° o I ° 
GQOOESIA, ass cuseteeecta ea orecoibeons fe) fe) I oO 
IGT, « cccxscrncwrpenaccieiass 4 3 3 13 
4 3 5 13 


Massachusetts to Maryland, ........... 0... c cece cece eee u cence een en enees I 
NEw! JCTSEY Ofilys  cactesececsis-c aveniaaesiniees Gi payeraurece aeons aemeinean neni wes aeGneE I 


WEEDS AND ADVENTIVE VEGETATION. 


Important as is the study of weeds from an economic or 
ecologic standpoint, they have little or no significance in a geo- 
graphic discussion of plant life, their principal function being to 
aid in obliterating all trace of the original range of the native 
vegetation. 

In the Middle district the woodland, the beds of tide-water 
creeks and an occasional undrained bog are all that remain of 
the original vegetation. All the cultivated and waste ground is 
given over to weeds or introduced plants. 

In the Pine Barrens, however, the great bulk of the ground is 
still occupied by the native flora, and weeds creep in only where 
settlements have been established and even then not as abun- 
dantly as in the Middle district. 

It seems as if artificial interference with the native flora was 
necessary to the establishment and maintenance of weeds. So 
soon as the ground is cleared and the sod turned, weeds appear, 
though previously they were unable to gain a foothold. Traffic 
along the roads of the Pine Barrens must bring many weed 


100 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


seeds into the heart of the region, but they seldom establish 
themselves except when cultivated tracts give them the oppor- 
tunity. Even along the railroads they seldom spread beyond the 
artificial road-bed, and when broad, close-cropped clearings are 
maintained on each side of the track as a guard against fire, and: 
weeds do become established there, they are soon exterminated 
when the native vegetation is allowed to assume a normal growth. 

Cultivation not only opens the way for the introduction of 
foreign plants brought unintentionally by man to whatever 
country he goes, just like the various animal pests, but it tends 
to develop weeds out of a portion of the native vegetation. 
Most native plants are exterminated immediately or in a short 
time after cultivation, but others seem to find ideal conditions in 
the altered environment and become quite as much weeds as the 
foreign introductions. Such species as Polygonum pennsyl- 
vanicum, P. aviculare, Erigeron annuus, E. ramosus, Leptilon 
canadense, Oenothera biennis, Lobelia inflata, Ambrosia arte- 
misicfolia, Tridens flavus, etc., etc., are known to be native, but 
all trace of their original range has been lost. 

In New Jersey certain species native of the Middle district have 
become weeds, notably Linaria canadensis, Oenothera sinuata, 
Monarda punctata, etc., and these plants seem to take hold in the 
Pine Barren clearings more abundantly than the foreign weeds. 

In the Pine Barren bogs the flooding incidental to cranberry 
growing is quite as detrimental to the native flora as the clear- 
ing and plowing of the forest. Many of the orchids, Abama, 
Tofieldia, and other bog species are exterfminated, but curiously 
enough Gyrotheca tinctoria becomes a most troublesome weed, 
increasing enormously in all cultivated bogs where it may be 
present, and Amphicarpon amphicarpon swarms over the recently 
erected sand dykes like a veritable weed of long standing. 

Dr. Arthur Hollick has spoken of the Middle district as the 
“Tension Belt,” but it seems to me the real tension belt is in 
cleared areas in the Pine Barrens where native and introduced 
weeds and certain Middle district plants have managed to get a 
foothold and maintain themselves as long as cultivation con- 
tinues. When this ceases then the native flora asserts itself and 
seems generally able to re-establish its supremacy and extermi- 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. IOI 


nate the intruders. Native weeds seem to gain the ascendancy 
over the foreign ones, and then the forest and underbrush 
gradually returns. 

In old fields grown up to Andropogon grass young pines de- 
velop rapidly along with sassafras, followed by various smaller 
shrubs and herbs. In more arid sections we often find traces of 
a clearing with a depression marking the location of a house all 
covered with a growth of sand blackberry, Rubus cuneifolius, or 
sweet fern, Comptonia asplenifolia. 

Where cedar swamps have been cut or burned over there often 
develops immediately an abundance of cattail, Typha latifolia; 
wool grass, Scirpus eriophorum, some distinctly Middle dis- 
trict species and often Phragmites, but soon the magnolia and 
alder send up new shoots, quantities of chain ferns, Woodwardia 
virgimica appear, and later young cedars begin to grow, and 
eventually the intruders are exterminated. 

In West Jersey (Middle District) cultivation is seldom 
allowed to make a retrograde movement, and settlements are 
seldom abandoned as they have been among the pines. In cer- 
tain cases, however, I have seen examples of reforestation here 
just as in the Pine Barrens, only that the sweet gum is the invad- 
ing pioneer instead of the pitch pine. There is no evidence of 
invasion of the Middle District by the Pine Barren element as 
suggested by Dr. Hollick, the tendency being all the other way, 
though, as already explained, only made possible by the agency 
of man. The Middle District flora long ago occupied all land 
where surface soil conditions were favorable right up to the Pine 
Barren boundary and advances to-day only where those condi- 
tions are extended artificially into the pines. 

In extensive Pine Barren settlements of long standing, as Vine- 
land, Landisville, Hammonton, etc., a good many native plants 
of the Middle district have followed the weeds and become estab-. 
lished where richer soil has been developed, and, while they are 
listed in the following pages, the fact of their origin should be 
borne in mind, and their presence at these stations should not be 
regarded as evidence that these species were originally found in 
the Pine Barrens. 


1o2 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ORIGIN AND RELATIONSHIP OF THE COASTAL PLAIN FLORA OF 
NEW JERSEY. 


The aim of the present work is to present facts rather than to 
advance theories, as it is the opinion of the writer that deductions 
as to the origin and relationship of our flora can be more accu- 
rately drawn when we have carefully prepared lists covering the 
more southern sections of the coastal plain, for comparison. 
Certain ideas, however, have suggested themselves as the collec- 
tion of data has progressed, which it may not be out of place to 
present. 

In the first place, in regard to the distribution of plants in 
general, the writer was under the impression that plants were 
subject to so many irregularities that, except the trees and some 
shrubs, they did not accord very satisfactorily with the life zones 
as based upon the distribution of birds and mammals. This idea, 
however, proves to be wrong, as, with the exception of weeds, 
plants, down to the smaller herbs, seem to accord with remarkable 
accuracy to natural zones and areas, where the influence of man 
has not disturbed nature’s equilibrium. We find certain species 
following the austral zones in the east up to the northern ex- 
tremity of the coastal plain and pushing up the Mississippi valley, 
just as do the birds and mammals. This point is entirely lost in 
the brief statements of range given in the manuals. A plant of 
austral affinities may have a range similar to the above, reaching 
Massachusetts and Minnesota at the northernmost points of its 
range in the east and west respectively. The manuals will give 
its distribution as Massachusetts to Minnesota south to Florida, 
although it is absent from nearly half of that area, and in Penn- 
sylvania, for instance, occurs only in the Delaware and Ohio 
valleys at the eastern and western extremeties of the State. The 
meagreness of accurate data of this sort is a serious hindrance 
to the study of the geographic distribution of our plants. 

The irregularities in the distribution of plants—that is to say, 
the departure from the boundaries of the life zones, is apparently 
largely due to the local nature of a plant as opposed to the free- 
ranging animal. Seeds washed down a river may germinate far 


* 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 103 


south of the true habitat of their species, and the immediate spot 
may be such as to enable the young plant to persist for a few 
years or a few generations, though it eventually perishes. So, 
too, when a species of plant is practically exterminated, local 
colonies will persist in spots where the immediate environment 
is suitable for their existence, while similar colonies of mammals 
require a very much larger area of congenial environment to 
prevent extermination. 

Two lines of investigation are often confused in the study of 
geographic distribution: 7. e. (1) the study of present day distri- 
bution and the mapping of existing life zones and life areas, and 
(2) the source of the species that make up the fauna and flora 
of a zone or area and the centers of dispersal from which they 
have spread. 

Dr. Spencer Trotter* has pointed out that a zodgeographic (or 
phytogeographic) map shows only a transitory condition, and 
that the boundaries of zones and the ranges of species are always 
changing, the rate of change corresponding with the rate of 
physical or climatic change which the earth’s surface may be 
undergoing. 

Now, in studying plant distribution it seems to me we are con- 
stantly coming upon facts that bear upon conditions previous to 
those now existing; the local nature of the plant making such 
cases much more numerous than those that we find among verte- 
brate animals. And most of the apparent irregularities of plant 
distribution—isolated colonies, etc.— may safely be regarded as 
remnants of a former range of the species at'a time when 
different conditions prevailed. 

I might say here, as will be further explained beyond, that I 
do not consider that the mere presence of similar soil conditions 
at two remote localities is in itself sufficient to account for a 
certain resemblance in the floras of the two spots. There have 
probably been physical or climatic changes which have brought 
the plants to both these and other regions at some previous time, 
and they have persisted where soil conditions remained con- 
genial, and disappeared and been superseded by other plants 
where conditions were not suited to their needs. 


* Auk, 1909, Pp. 231-233. 


104 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


To argue that the same plants will appear wherever suitable 
soil conditions are present implies that the seeds of all plants are 
constantly being scattered broadcast, which is certainly not the 
case, or we should have no trace of the very evident agreement 
between plant distribution and climatic life zones. 

The matter of seed distribution by birds has, I think, been 
greatly exaggerated, and I doubt if birds exert any appreciable 
influence upon plant distribution except in cultivated areas. 

Robins, for instance, devour vast numbers of wild cherries in 
western New Jersey and along the coast, and must scatter the 
seeds far and wide. ‘The birds are frequent over the Pine Bar- 
rens, and must scatter cherry stones there as well as elsewhere, 
and yet the wild cherry is unknown there except in a few isolated 
cases in cultivated spots. On the untouched floor of the sandy 
pine woods the cherry stones fail to germinate or to take root, 
but once the ground is cleared and the soil is turned by the plow 
conditions are changed. 

Turning now to the consideration of the coastal plain flora of 
New Jersey, we realize that many plants of the more elevated 
country to the north and west have spread southward and east- 
ward into the coastal plain, mainly along its western border, 
wherever soil conditions were favorable for their support, and 
have replaced or mingled with the more austral flora that prob- 
ably originally covered the whole of southern New Jersey, so 
that in certain sections this element furnishes a considerable 
portion of the total plant life. 

As has already been stated, there is also to be found. in the 
Piedmont region an element of the more southern flora of the 
coastal plain, though not so great in extent as that which this 
region contributes to the coastal plain. Whether these plants 
have spread westward from below the fall line or whether they 
are remnants of a similar flora to that which now covers the 
coastal plain, and which has been all but superseded in the Pied- 
mont region by the more advanced flora now found there, is a 
question hard to solve. 

Two main causes seem to be active in governing the distribu- 
tion of plants—. e., climate and soil conditions. Climate, we 
may say, determines what species are able to exist in a certain 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 105 


belt or region, while soil conditions determine their distribution 
within that belt. Changes in condition of either climate or soil 
cause changes in the distribution of plants, and, consequently, 
extensions or contractions of their ranges in different directions. 
As already explained, we have many southern plants which we 
often refer to as pushing northward in the coastal plain, and 
others of northern affinities which find their southern limit in the 
New Jersey Pine Barrens, these we refer to as stragglers from 
the north. Often both elements occur side by side in the same 
spot, like Schizea pusilla* and Lycopodium carolinianum, which 
are here such constant and noteworthy associates. 

It is a nice point to determine whether ranges are being ex- 
tended in the same area at the same time in opposite directions 
or whether there has been a series of successive movements first 
in one direction and then in another, which have resulted in the 
present complex associations. 

It seems most likely that changes of range due to climate have 
been of the latter character, and that many isolated boreal plants, 
such as Rhododendron, Schizea, Arctostophylos, Corema of the 
Pine Barrens, Geranium robertianum, Vagnera stellata, Carex 
buxbaumii, Menyanthes and Scheuchzeria of other parts of south- 
ern New Jersey, may be relics of glacial times, while plants of dis- 
tinctly austral affinities found far north of their normal range 
may be remnants of a southern flora that pushed northward 
when a milder climate prevailed. 

Changes due to soil conditions, however, might easily take 
place in opposite directions simultaneously. The gradual enrich- 
ment of the sandy soil in various parts of the New Jersey coastal 
plain might readily coax southern species farther and farther 
north and northern species southward so long as climatic con- 
ditions were not prohibitive to their advance, while sand-loving 
plants originally brought to the same general region from differ- 
ent directions through successive climatic changes would be 
drawn into closer association where arid conditions were most 


intense. 
* Prof. Fornald (Rhodora 1911, p. 109) seems to regard Schizaea and 


-Corema as coastal plain plants which have pushed northward, while I have 
always regarded them as boreal species driven south to New Jersey. 


106 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Some such action as the former of these two examples seems 
clearly to be under way, for, as has been shown, the New Jersey 
Pine Barrens are at present surrounded by a more advanced 
flora which is pushing in from all sides wherever conditions are 
favorable, and man is rendering no small assistance in the move- 
ment. Both east and west of the Pine Barrens there can be 
readily detected a northern and southern element apparently ad- 
vancing in opposite directions in a common effort to conquer the 
Pine Barrens. The more or less complex character of the Pine’ 
Barren flora to-day as regards its origin is apparently due to a 
combination of movements such as described above. 

Of course, great physical changes in the earth’s surface in 
geologic time must have had tremendous effect upon the flora, 
usually producing climatic changes which acted directly upon 
plant life. Such changes, of course, were responsible for the 
great fall in temperature coincident with the glacial epoch. Sub- 
sidences, too, which are known to have occurred at different 
periods, must have entirely exterminated the flora of large areas. 

Just how far we can correlate existing conditions of plant dis- 
tribution with geologic changes it is difficult to say. Most at- 
tempts of this sort seem to suppose a definiteness of knowledge 
of the time relationship of various geologic phenomena which we 
do not possess, and there is a tendency to assume constancy in 
the character of the flora of certain areas, while that of contig- 
uous areas is undergoing tremendous changes. Such hypotheses, 
so far as they attempt detailed explanations, are purely con- 
jectural. 

Some facts, however, are clear. We know that the coastal 
plain was submerged at a time when the elevated Piedmont 
region to the west must have been covered with vegetation, and 
that plant life on the region north of the terminal moraine must 
have been for the most part exterminated during the glacial 
epoch. Therefore, the area between the coastal plain and the 
terminal moraine must have been continuously covered with 
plants for a much longer period than have these two regions 
themselves. When the coastal plain was elevated above the sea 
it must have received its flora from the contiguous country to 
the west or southwest. Furthermore, the several partial sub- 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 107 


mergences of the New Jersey coastal plain after its first upheaval 
which are claimed by geologists* and other changing conditions 
may not only have resulted in several invasions of plants, but 
also in changes in the character of the plant life in the regions 
from which they came. 

In every investigation in the plant life of the eastern United 
States we seem to find two elements—a boreal, more or less 
identical with the flora of northern Europe, and an austral, pecu- 
liarly American, and precisely the same thing is found in the 
study of animal life. Under prevailing conditions, however, and 
through adaptation certain species of animals of American aus- 
tral origin have become typical boreal species to-day, and doubt- 
less the same thing may be true of certain plants. This shows the 
necessity of distinguishing carefully between present geographical 
distribution and original source of center of dispersal of a species. 

Now, supposing that the characteristic American austral flora 
covered the Piedmont area or a portion of it at the time the 
coastal plain was elevated, it is natural that it would have spread 
over into the new territory, or at least such species as were 
best adapted to its sandy stretches. Then, if from one cause or 
another there was an invasion of the more boreal element over the 
Piedmont plateau, we should probably have exactly the condi- 
tions that we find to-day—i. e., the survival of the earlier flora in 
bogs and sandy areas and its disappearance where better soil has 
developed in favor of the more advanced flora now prevalent.} 
Part of the latter is also of austral origin, but, being suited only 
to richer soil, did not spread to any extent into the coastal plain. 

In New Jersey the vegetation is at a much younger stage of 
its development. In the Pine Barrens we have only sand and 
bog plants, while in the Middle district we encounter the more 
advanced type of the American austral element and the evident 
influx of boreal plants already referréd to from the north. 

During the Pensauken period West Jersey was submerged, 
while the Pine Barrens were apparently cut off as an island. 


“*C£ The Physical Geography of New Jersey by Rollin D. Salisbury, Vol. 
IV., Final Report State Geologist, 1898, especially pp. 92-170. 
+C£. Cowles. Physiographic Ecology of Chicago and vicinity, Bot. Gazette 


XXXL, 73-108, 145-182, 1901. 


108 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


This submergence and the alluvial deposits along the Delaware 
river valley may have hastened the destruction of the true Pine 
Barren flora over this area and made soil conditions suitable for a 
more rapid influx of the type of vegetation that at present pre- 
vails there, though the isolated Pine Barren islands in the Middle 
District would argue rather for the gradual encroachment of the 
present flora coincident with a gradual change of soil. 

Just what elements have been instrumental in changing condi- 
tions along the coast to make possible the existence of the coast 
strip already referred to I cannot say, nor does it seem worth 
while to theorize at present upon the possible explanations of the 
presence of boreal species in the Pine Barrens or the recurrence 
of so many boreal forms in southern Cape May. 

Lists of the coastal plain bog plants that occur in the Pied- 
mont area in Pennsylvania have already been given on page 46. 

As to sandy ground plants characteristic of the coastal plain 
which occur in similar soil in the Piedmont region there are quite 
a number. 

The following I have found on the mica slate and sandy hills 
of Chester or Delaware County, Pennsylvania: 


Quercus stellata. Phlox subulata. 

= marilandica. Galium pilosum. 
Rubus cuneifolius. Diodea teres, 
Cracca virginica, Eupatorium verbenzfolium. 
Stylosanthes elatior. Willugbaeya scandens (swampy 
Crotalaria sagittalis. spots). 
Ascyrum hypericoides. Sericocarpus linifolius. 
Lechea racemulosa. Tonactis linariifolius. 
Gaylussaccia frondosa. Chrysopsis mariana. 


Asclepias amplexicaulis. 


Others occur on the serpentine outcrops as follows :* 


Pinus rigida. Meibomia obtusa. 
“virginiana. Strophostyles umbellata. 
Aristida oligantha. Pieris mariana. 
ies purpurascens. Angelica villosa. 
Baptisia tinctoria. Eupatorium pubescens. 
Meibomia rigida. Aster dumosus. 
marylandica. Phlox stibulata. 


* From F. W. Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. roto, 541-584. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 109 


Dr. N. L. Britton* many years ago called attention to the 
resemblance of the plants of the Kittatinny and Shawangunk 
mountains of northern New Jersey to those of the Pine Barrens, 
and listed the following species common to both: 


Pinus rigida. Lechea racemulosa. 
Juncus militaris. Polygala polygama. 
Orontium aquaticum. Epigea repens. 
Quercus ilicifolia. Gaultheria procumbens. 
Corema conradii. Azalea viscosa. 

Prunus pumila. Gaylussacia frondosa. 
Lespedeza hirta. Gerardia quercifolia. 
Cracca virginica. Solidago puberula. 
Lupinus perennis. Solidago bicolor. 


All these isolated patches of an earlier type of vegetation in a 
region floristically older seem to me best explained by the assump- 
tion already made that they are relics of an earlier flora now 
nearly exterminated over the Piedmont region, but of which the 
present New Jersey coastal plain flora is a derivative. I claim no 
originality for this theory, as Dr. John W. Harshberger has 
explained it in detail,t basing his deductions mainly upon the 
consideration of the plants of the Kittatinny and Pocono Moun- 
tains, and Dr. Roland M. Harper has referred to it§ in con- 
nection with a study of bog and swamp plants. I merely wish to 
state that my investigations lead me to the same general conclu- 
sions, although, as already stated, certain other influences and 
elements are probably involved in the problem. 

Dr. Harper brings up another interesting question in his paper, 
namely, the resemblance of the coastal plain flora to that of the 
glaciated areas on the other side of the Piedmont region. This 
resemblance has long been familiar to me, as during my studies 
of the coastal plain plants I have spent some time, nearly every 
year, in the mountains of Sullivan and Wyoming counties, Penn- 
sylvania, and have found there the following species, which also 
occur in the New Jersey coastal plain: 


* Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XI, p. 126, and XIV, p. 187. 
+ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 1904, p. 606-609. 
§ Rhodora VIL, p. 69 (or VIII, p. 27). 


110 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Lygodium palmatum. Xyris carolinensis. 
Dryopteris simulata. Juncus pelocarpus. 
Woodwardia virginica. Drosera longifolia. 
Potamogeton oakesianus. Sarracenia purpurea. 

7 confervoides. Brasenia purpurea. 
Calamagrostis cinnoides. Nymphea variegata. 
Sporobolus serotinus. Triadenum virginicum. 
Pannicularia laxa. Jlicioides mucronata. 
Rynchospora fusca. Pyrola chlorantha. 

= alba. a secunda. 

Scirpus subterminalis. Rhododendron maximum. 
ie torreyi. Gaultheria procumbens. 
Eleocharis robbinsii. Vaccinium pennsylvanicum. 

Eriophorum virginicum. Chamzdaphne calyculata. 
Cladium mariscoides. Limnanthemum lacunosum. 
Carex limosa. Menyanthes trifoliata. 

“  trisperma, Scutellaria galericulata. 

“canescens disjuncta. ic a purpurea. 

“ leptalea. cornuta. 
Scheuchzeria palustris. - clandestina. 
Orontium aquaticum. a intermedia. 
Eriocaulon septangulare. Viburnum cassinoides. 


Tio which may be added from the other parts of the eee 
region of Pennsylvania: 


Carex collinsii. Juncus militaris. 


Some few of these are of boreal origin and have been driven 
south at some time and remained as isolated colonies in New Jer- 
sey, but the bulk of them are identical or similar to those which 
Dr. Harper mentions and which I agree with him and Dr. Harsh- 
berger have spread from the Piedmont region into the mountains 
upon the retreat of the ice just as they spread into the coastal 
plain upon its elevation from the sea. I am able to cite more 
isolated colonies of these plants existing in the Piedmont region 
than were known to Dr. Harper, but this, it seems to me, 
strengthens rather than weakens the theory, as do the lists 
of dry ground plants common to the Piedmont and coastal 
plain. Both classes of plants exist, as already explained, only 
in isolated colonies in the Piedmont, but were bogs more 
plentiful in this region, and had their draining been carried on 
less assiduously, the evidences of this early flora would have been 
more frequent. As it is, farming has been carried on so exten- 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. III 


sively and land so well cleared and cultivated that anything like 
a natural swamp or bog is now almost unknown. ‘The introduc- 
tion of cattle and the influx of weeds soon work havoc with a bog 
or swamp so far as the botanist is concerned. 

The relation between the New Jersey Pine Barrens and the 
coastal plain to the north and south is of interest. 

With the lack of definite knowledge of the limits of the Pine 
Barrens and of the plants which are really characteristic of the 
region, it has been hitherto difficult to clearly consider the ques- 
tion. 

Dr. Roland Harper has suggested that the New Jersey Pine 
Barrens form a well-defined center of distribution and are iso- 
lated from the Pine Barrens of Wilmington, N. C., which he re- 
regards-as the next clearly marked Pine Barren center as we go 
down the coast, although he admits that the apparent lack of Pine 
Barren plants in the intervening country may be due merely to 
lack of knowledge. 

In the recent report on the flora of Maryland Mr. Forrest 
Shreve* shows pretty conclusively that the lack of Ptne Barren 
plants, so far as that State is concerned, is real. He says (p. 87) 
that the only Pine Barren species on the coastal plain of Mary- 
land are Cyperus grayi, Smilax walteri, Polygala lutea, Ilex 
glabra and Sclerolepis uniflora. 

All of these occur locally outside of the Pines in New Jersey, 
though they are most abundant in that region. Of Mr. Shreves’ 
list of 94 characteristic plants of the coastal plain of Maryland; 
twenty do not occur as far north as New Jersey, but are not 
Pine Barren species; of the remainder 4o are restricted to the 
Middle, Coast or Cape May Districts of New Jersey (of which 
4 have been found as stragglers in the Pines), while 28 are 
quite as abundant, or more abundant, in the Middle District, 
although they do occur in the Pine Barrens. To his five Pine 
Barren plants I should add from Mr. Shreves’ Coastal Plain 
list Ascyrum stans, which in New Jersey is quite as typical of the 
Pines as the five he mentions. 

It is obvious from this data that the coastal plain flora of 


* Maryland Weather Service, Vol. III, roro. 


112 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Maryland is distinctly affiliated with the Middle District flora of 
New Jersey and not with that of the Pine Barrens. 

The investigations of the members of the Philadelphia Botani- 
cal Club in the State of Delaware would indicate that conditions 
there are very similar, that is to say, that the New Jersey Pine 
Barren element in the flora is very slight.* 

The so-called Pine Barreus of Long Island are decidedly weak 
in the characteristic Pine Barren plants and take their place with 
the several Pine Barren islands which are scattered here and there 
through the Middle District of New Jersey. Of sixty-two species 
listed in several papers on the subject} only twenty-six are in- 
cluded in my list of typical New Jersey Pine Barren plants (p. 
77), the rest being equally common throughout our region or re- 
stricted to the Middle District. Of the twenty-six, six occur at 
one outlying station, thirteen at two and four at three, while 
only three, Dryopteris simulata, Chrysopsis falcata and Arenaria 
caroliniana are confined to the Pines in New Jersey, and the first 
two of these are not found in the more Southern Pine Barrens, 
the Dryopferis being possibly of boreal affinities. 

It would seem, therefore, that we have in the New Jersey and 
North Carolina Pine Barrens the sand and bog elements of a 
wide-spread American austral flora, which has been largely super- 
seded by a more advanced element of similar origin over the rest 
of the coastal plain, both elements being richer the farther south 
we go, while along the western edge of the coastal plain, mote 
especially to the northward, a boreal element has spread down 
over the fall line to a greater or less degree. 


*Cf. C. F. Williamson, Torreya, 1909, p. 160; R. Harper, Torreya, 1909, p- 
217. 

+N. L. Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club VII, p. 81 (1880). 

A. J. Grout, Torreya II, p. 49 (1902). 

S. E. Jeliffe, Torreya IV, p. 97 (1904). 

R. M. Harper, Torreya VIII, p. 1 (1908). 


SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE 


OF THE 


Flowering Plants and Ferns of South- 
ern New Jersey 


(South of the Northern Boundary of Burlington 
and Monmouth Counties) 


With a Detailed Account of their Distribution and Time of 
Flowering and Fruiting. 


(113) 


& MUS 


EXPLANATIONS. 


The Synonymy consists of a reference to the original place of publication, 
with the type locality, and to the principal works on the region under con- 
sideration. 

The Statement on Range of each species covers the entire State, the portion 
that refers to northern New Jersey being taken from Britton’s Catalogue. 

The List of Localities includes all herbarium specimens examined, and also 
records published in Britton’s Catalogue and Keller and Brown’s List, which 
I have no reason to doubt, even though specimens have not been seen. When 
records given in these two works are not substantiated by specimens from 
nearby stations or for any other reason seem open to question, they are dis- 
cussed in foot notes. (Cf. Preface.) 

When no letter is given after a locality it indicates that a specimen from 
this locality is in the Herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy. Specimens in 
other herbaria are indicated as follows: 


OHB=—O. H. Brown. P=Princeton University. 
H=Benjamin Heritage. S=Witmer Stone. 
CDL—Chas. D. Lippincott. UP=University of Penna. 
L=Bayard Long. C=Record taken from Britton’s 
NB=N. J. Agricultural Exp. Sta., Catalogue. 

New Brunswick. KB=Records from Keller and 
T=N. J. State Museum, Trenton. Brown’s List. 
NY=N. Y. Botanic Garden. Kn=Records from Knieskern’s List. 


CP=Phila. College of Pharmacy. 


The exact location of the stations cited and some details as to the character 
of their flora will be found in the list of localities, p. 780. 

The Keys for Identification are applicable only to the region here con- 
sidered, and are intentionally artificial in character, being intended merely to 
contrast the most obvious characters of our plants as an aid to identification. 
They are not supposed to take the place of a Botanical Manual, a work 
which all students must have. 

These Keys also cover all the common weeds of our region. Their names 
are enclosed in brackets with foot-note references, but they do not appear in 
the main text. 

The Flowering and Fruiting Season (By Mr. Bayard Long)—The feeling 
that in a local flora the actual seasons of flowering and fruiting of the species 
in the region under consideration are of considerable interest and value, and 
the realization of the unsatisfactory nature, from a local standpoint, of this 
sort of data as presented in the manuals have led to the present attempt to 
designate the flowering and fruiting seasons of the indigenous plants of 


(115) 


116 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


southern New Jersey. An effort has been made to work out as accurately as 
possible the average seasons of bloom and fruit, but it has not been the 
intention to include extreme or unusual dates. The very early or very late 
records, usually represent individual plants in peculiar habitats or purely 
aberrant cases. Unfortunately, such specimens often turn up in herbaria in 
rather large numbers, because the average collector has a predilection to col- 
lect specimens in aberrant bloom, and he quite frequently neglects to note the 
fact on his label. Considerable care must be taken to eliminate such cases. 

In many plants there is considerable variability in the time of flowering as 
the result of early or late springs; in others there is similar variability due 
to climatic or temperature differences in adjacent localities, or through ele- 
vation. While there is practically no variation of the last kind in southern 
New Jersey, there is often quite an appreciable difference in the date of flower- 
ing of the same species in West Jersey and on the coast, and one crossing the 
State on the railroad can readily appreciate the difference in the general ad- 
vancement of vegetation in these two sections. It has, therefore, sometimes 
been necessary to average up in a rather crude way the results brought about 
by such causes of variability. 

Flowering data as given in the manuals, when given at all, very often shows 
a distinct difference of opinion on the part of the authors. The novice find- 
ing the flowering season of a plant given in one work as “May-July,” and in 
another “July-September,” will be confused to say the least. This is an ex- 
treme example, it must be admitted, but it is the rule rather than the excep- 
tion that there is a difference of some degree. 

The corollary to the above paragraph is the ideal that was set up of 
endeavoring to avoid as much conjecture as possible and to work out the 
seasons from carefully collected field data and from accurately dated her- 
barium specimens. Furthermore, a lack of data has been frankly noted 
instead of covering it up by work of the imagination in an attempt to attain 
uniformity of treatment for each species. Data from territory not actually 
covered by the report has also been used, but only in a secondary or auxil- 
iary way. Where the data available has been too meagre to warrant .a 
statement a blank has been left as preferable to quoting dates from the 
manuals. Several means have been resorted to, however, to give some idea 
of the flowering season in such cases. Often when only one or two speci- 
mens were available their actual flowering or fruiting: condition has been 
given with the date of collection. Occasionally an approximation is given 
with the addition of the word “probably.” 

It is to be regretted that more data and time were not obtainable for this 
work, as only one who attempts a task of this kind can realize what an 
enormous amount of data is necessary in order to reach satisfactory conclu- 
sions. My own field notes embrace observations extending over\nearly seven 
years, but they prove a constant source of surprise in the absence\of the very 
data that are most desired. To obtain full and accurate seasonal data for the 
plants of a region stich as this would probably require many years of the 
most rigidly systematized field work. 

In most works in which flowering dates are given no greater definiteness 
is attempted than the use of the months or sometimes only the seasons during 
which the plant may be found in bloom, with occasionally the qualifying 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 117 


terms “early” and “late.” In a local flora such as this it a felt that a 
greater degree of definiteness could be attained than is possible in a work of 
broad range. Whenever possible the month has been divided into three 
parts, “early,” “mid” and “late,” each approximately of ten days. Where 
such definiteness was not attainable or desirable the name of the month has 
been used, or sometimes that of the season. 

A few examples will illustrate the plan adopted. The fruit of the chestnut 
may be said to be ripe very definitely when the burs open and the nuts fall 
to the ground, but it takes acute observation and discrimination to say just 
when the fruit of the hackberry is ripe. There is no definite change such as 
the opening of the chestnut bur, and the period of the presence of mature 
fruit on the tree is much longer and indefinite; so the term “autumn” is more 
accurate than a more definite word. In the case of the oaks the same term 
is used because of a lack of definite and comparative data. 

Again, many plants, while they begin to flower and fruit at a definite time, 
continue indefinitely during the latter part of the growing season, the termi- 
nation being a matter of individual vigor, advent of frost, change in moisture 
conditions. The end of the flowering and fruiting season of such species is 
indicated by the expression “into autumn” or “into October ;” “into” being 
intended to denote an indefinite extension of time into that month or season, 
not necessarily just into it. 

Plants which have occurred but a few times within our limits, but which 
are frequent in northern New Jersey, Pennsylvania or Delaware, have often 
been given flowering and fruiting periods based upon data from these imme- 
diately contiguous regions. 

The seasons—spring, summer, autumn and winter—are used in their con- 
ventional sense,* beginning respectively on the first of March, June, Sep- 
tember and December. 

The word “sporadically” is used in the case of scattered or occasional 
bloom occurring after the ordinary season. 

The fruiting season is that of fully mature—not merely well developed— 
fruit, i. ¢., of dehiscing capsules, falling achenes, dropping nuts and “ripe” 
coloring of drupes. Many fruits develop rapdily and are fully grown long 
before they are “ripe,” as the nuts of Corylus, the “bladder” of Staphylea 
and the seeds of various Umbelliferz. 

Special treatments found necessary in certain groups are described under 
the family or generic headings. In some, such as Cyperacee, the only dates 
given are those of fully developed achenes, since so much depends upon their 
characters that this date is really the only one of taxonomic importance. 

In the case of many trees or shrubs which bloom either before or simul- 
taneously with the appearance of the leaves the relative condition of the 
leaves at the flowering date is given. 


* Century dictionary and Cyclopedia, vol. VII, p. 5548, under season. 


118 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Key to the Plants of Southern New 
Jersey. 


a. No flowers; reproduction by spores (ferns and their allies). 

b. Sporanges (spore cases) born under the scales of a terminal cone- 
like spike. Stems conspicuously jointed, the modes covered by 
toothed sheaths. Equisetacee, p. 137 

bb. Sporanges born in the axils of the crowded lanceolate or subulate 
leaves or of reduced scale-like leaves which form an erect spike. 

Plants somewhat moss-like, often branched and trailing. 

Lycopodiales, p. 139 
bbb. Sporanges born at the base of slender, awl-shaped, rush-like leaves, 
which grow in a tuft from a round fleshy base rooting in the mud. 

Plants submerged. Isoetacea@, p. 144 

bbbb. Sporanges born on the back of a leaf (frond) in round, elongated 
or marginal patches (sori); or in a spike or cluster on the modified 
terminal (or middle) portion of the frond, or on a separate stalk 

(really a modified frond). Filicales, p. 119 

aa. True flowers present; containing stamens, pistils or both; reproduction 
by seeds. 
b. Trees with linear or scale-like evergreen [except Taxodium] leaves; 

a resinous odor, fruit, a cone or a woody or fleshy berry. 

Pinaceae, p. 146 
bb. Not evergreen coniferous trees. 

c. Parts of the flower usually in threes or sixes, leaves mostly 
parallel-veined. Embryo with a single cotyledon; early leaves 
never opposite. Stem not divided into bark, wood and pith. 

Monocotyledons, p. 153 

cc. Parts of the flower mostly in fours and fives, leaves net-veined. 
Embryo with a pair of opposite cotyledons. Stem divided into 
bark, wood and pith, the wood in perennial species, growing by 
annual layers just under the bark. Dicotyledons, p. 380 


z 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. — 119 


PTERIDOPHYTA—Ferns and their Allies. 
Order FILICALES 


Southern New Jersey, with its large areas of flat, dry, sandy 
ground, and its lack of rocky banks and ledges, is a poor region 
for ferns. While thirty-two species and sub-species have been 
found within the limits of this list, twenty of them are really 
only stragglers from farther north, and occur locally in the 
richer soil of the Middle District, only two or three extending 
even sporadically to the Pine Barrens. Four species, Onoclea 
sensibilis, Lygodium palmatum, Dryopteris thelypteris and Asple- 
nium platyneuron, are characteristic plants of the Middle district 
and, with the exception of Lygodium, are rather generally dis- 
tributed. Osmunda cinnamomea, O. regalis, Woodwardia areo- 
lata, W. virginica and Pteridium aquilinum extend also over the 
Pine Barrens, where they are the only abundant ferns, while the 
rare Schizea pusilla and Dryopteris simulata are for the most 
part confined to this region. 

Fruiting Data——The time of year noted under each species 
indicates the season of mature spores—that is, the season during 


-which dehiscing sporangia are present. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Plant climbing, “leaves” (frondlets) palmately divided, fruiting portion 
terminal. Lygodium palmatum, p. 129 
aa. Plant not climbing. - 
b. Sterile fronds linear and grass-like, curled and tangled about the base 
of the slender fertile frond (.5-1 dm. long), which bears the sporanges 
on minute pinne at its tip. Schizea pusilla, p. 125 
bb. Fronds not linear and grass-like. 
c. Sporanges in a spike or panicle at the summit of the stem, with a 
leaf branching off horizontally from its side. 
d. Leaf ovate, not cut or lobed; arising near the middle of the 
stem, plant 1-1.5 dm. high. Ophioglossum vulgatum, p. 122 
dd. Leaf ovate or oblong; pinnate, plant .5-1 dm. high, sessile 
just below the spike. Botrychium neglectum, p, 122 
ddd. Leaf more or less ternate, segments pinnately divided. 
e. Leaf sessile about the middle of the stem, segments finely 
doubly pinnate. B. virginianum, p. 123 


120 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ee. Leaf petioled from near the base of the stem. 
f. Segments pinnate, pinnze not much cut. 
B. obliquum, p. 123 
ff. Pinne finely cut. B. 0. dissectum, p. 123 
cc. Sporanges in a mass at the summit or middle of an erect “fern- 
like” frond or in small spots or lines (sori) on its back, or in 
several species on separate, modified, slender fronds. Fronds all 
pinnate (divided into lateral segments, which may be again di- 
vided). 
d. Fronds not ternate. 
e. Pinne finely serrate, but not lobed or cut. 

f. Main stalk shining dark purplish, frond not over 25 mm. 
wide. Asplenium platyneuron, p. 132 

ff. Stalk not dark and polished.. 

g. Pinne on distinct pedicels with an acute lobe at 

the base. Polystichum, p. 133 

gg.:Pinnz widening at base and joining to form a 
winged margin to the stalk. 

h. Frond less than 75 mm. wide round sori on 

back of fertile fronds. 

Polypodium vulgare, p. 129 

hh. Frond over 1 dm. wide, pinnz finely serrulate, 

sometimes undulate, sori oblong in two rows 

on a separate frond with narrow linear pinne. 

W oodwardia areolata, p. 131 

ee, Pinnez more or less lobed, but not cut to the midrib. 

f. Lobes often mere undulatious, pinne entire and dis- 
tinctly narrower at the base. Ferile frond separate, a 
stalk with a panicle of round seed-like bodies at its 
summit bearing the sporanges. 

Onoclea sensibilis, p. 137 
ff. Lobes rather deeply cut, at least the basal ones, pinnay, 
broadest at the base, often somewhat triangular. Sori 
on back of frond. Dryopteris cristata, p. 134 
ece. Pinne cut nearly or quite to the midrib. 
f. Pinnules not toothed or subdivided. 
g. Pinnules distinctly pedicilled, minutely serrulate, 
sporanges in a terminal panicle plant 6-9 dm. high. 
Osmunda regalis, p. 124 
gg. Pinnules united at their bases, forming a margin 
to the midrib. 
h. Small ferns, leafy part of the frond rarely 
over 3 dm. in length. 
i. Lowest pinnz longest. 
Dryopteris thelypteris, p. 133 
ii. Two lower pairs of pinnze slightly shorter 
than the longest. D. simulata, p. 134 
iii. Six lower pairs of pinne rapidly decreas* 
ing in size, last about 6 mm. long. 
D. noveboracensis, p. 133 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 121 


hh. Large ferns, leafy often 9 dm. in height, frond 
seldom less than 4 dm. long. 
i. Several pairs of lower pinne rapidly de- 
creasing in size, sori elongated. 
Asplenium acrostichoides, p. 132 
it. Lower pinnz about equal in length to the 
longest. 
j. Stem with more or less rusty tomen- 
tum. 

k. Pinnules usually more round at 
the tip and often slightly overlap- 
ping. Sporanges covering short 
pinne about the middle of the 
frond. 

Osmunda claytoniana, p. 125 
kk. Pinnules more acute and clearly 
separated. Sporanges on a sepa- 
rate stalk appearing in early 
spring. 
Osmunda cinnamomea, p. 124 
jj. Stem glabrous. 

k. Six to nine lower pinne becoming 
rapidly smaller. Sporanges on 
separate modified frond. 

Matteuccia, p. 137 
kk. Lower pinne not shorter. 
Woodwardia virginica, p. 131 
jij. Stem with brownish chaffy scales on 
lower part, pinne somewhat undulated 
or even lobed, sori round. 
Dryopteris marginalis, p. 134 
ff. Pinnules lobed or cut into segments. 
g. Lower pinne with basal pinnules becoming much 
shorter. Phegopteris hexagonoptera, p. 136 
gg. Lower pinne not narrowed at base. 
h. Leafy part of frond not over 1.7 dm. long. 
Filix fragilis, p. 135 
hh. Leafy part of frond normally more than 3.7 dm. 
long. 
i. Stem chaffy with brown scales. 
Dryopteris spinulosa, p. 135 
ai. Stem glabrous or a few scales near the base. 
j. Dark green, frond glabrous. 
Asplenium filix-feemina, p. 132 
jj. Light green frond pubescent below and 
fragrant. Dennstedtia punctilobula, p. 136 
dd. Fronds ternate. 
e. Not over 1 dm. in diameter, delicate. 
Phegopteris dryopteris, p. 136 
ee. Over 3 dm. im diameter, thick. Pteridium aquilinum, p. 130 


122 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ccc. Sporanges under revolute edge of the pinne or pinnules. Frond 
branching out more or less horizontally from the stem. 

d. Frond ternate, thick, singly or doubly pinnate, 3 dm. or more 

across. Pteridium aquilinum, p. 130 

dd. Frond dichotomously branched, branches pinnate and ar- 

ranged somewhat palmately; stem dark brown or black and 

highly polished. Adiantum pedatum, p. 130 


Family OPHIOGLOSSACE. Adder’s Tongues. 


OPHIOGLOSSUM L. 
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Adder’s Tongue. 


Ophioglossum vulgatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1062. 1753 [Europe.]—Britton 304. 
Keller and Brown 7. 

Ophioglossum bulbosum Pursh II. 655. 

Ophioglossum arenarium E. G. Britton, Bull. Torrey Club XXIV. 555. 1807 


[Holly Beach, N. J.]—Keller and Brown 7.—J. Crawford, Bartonia I. 
18. 1909. 

Damp woods in the North and sparingly in the Middle dis- 
trict; local. Along the coast islands occurs a more slender form, 
often with two or three stalks from the same root, which was 
originally discovered by Mrs. E. G. Britton in sandy, shaded 
ground at Holly Beach and described as a new species O. arena- 
rium. ‘The type colony has since been destroyed, but the form 
has been rediscovered at Longport by Mr. Joseph Crawford and 
on Long Beach Island by Mr. Bayard Long, growing in hollows 
among the sand dunes. The drier exposed habitat is doubtless _ 
responsible for the peculiar characters, which do not seem worthy 
of recognition, as similar forms have been found in colonies of 
true O. vulgatum. 

Spores Mature—Early June to early July, apparently some- 
what later in the coastal plants. 

Middle District—Monmouth Co. (C), Hanover (C), Browns Mills (C), 


Medford, Six miles west of Woodstown, Riddleton. 
Coast.—Surf City (L), Longport, Wildwood. 


BOTRYCHIUM Swartz. 
Botrychium neglectum A. Wood. Meriden Grape Fern. 


Botrychium neglectum A. Wood, Classbook of Botany 1846. p. 635 [Meridan, 
N. H.].—Keller and Brown 8. 
Botrychium matricariaefolium Britton 305. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 129 


Casual north, but very rare in our district, known only from 
Riddleton, Salem Co., where it was collected in low woodland. 

Spores Mature.—Early June, during a very brief period. The 
fronds arise in spring and perish during the summer. 

Middle District —Riddleton. 


Botrychium obliquum Muhl. Ternate Grape Fern. 


Botrychium ternatum obliquum “Muhlenberg” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. V. 63. 
1810 [Pennsylvania]—A. Brown, Bull. Torrey Club VII. 114.—Britton 
305. 

Botrychium obliquum Barton II. 205. 

Botrychium lunarioides Knieskern 41. 


Woods and open ground throughout, but rare in the Pine Bar- 
rens. 

Spores Mature.—Early September to late September, rarely in 
October or November. Fronds arise in midsummer, the fertile 
portion evergreen, generally persisting into the following spring. 

Middle District—Monmouth Co. (K), New Egypa, Birmingham, Taunton, 
Delaire, Oaklyn (S), Haddonfield (UP), Lawnside (S), Orchard (S), Lin- 
denwold, Clarksboro (UP), Tomlin, Swedesboro, Glassboro, Dividing Creek, 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (S), Manahawkin, Surf City (L), Ship Bottom 
(L), Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Anglesea (UP). 

Pine Barrens—Albion, Egg Harbor City. 

Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Sea Isle Jnc., Anglesea Jnc. (S), Cold Spring 
(OHB), Cape May (UP). 

Botrychium obliquum dissectum Spreng. Feathery Grape Fern. 
Botrychium dissectum Sprengel, Anleit III.:172. 1804 [Virginia]. 
Botrychium ternatum dissectum Britton 305. 

Frequently occurring with the preceding, into which it seems 
to merge. 

Spores Mature.—Early September to late September, rarely in 
October, apparently beginning to mature slightly later than the 
last. Life history of fronds the same. 

Middle District—Medford (Poyser), Oaklyn (S), Clarksboro (UP), Tom- 
lin, Salem (S). 

Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Ocean Beach (UP). 

Pine Barrens.—Albion, Mays Landing (S), Egg Harbor City (UP). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Botrychium virginianum (L.). Rattlesnake Fern. 


Osmunda virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1064. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Botrychium virginianum Britton 305. 


124 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


A well-known fern of rich woodland in the North and Middle 
districts, becoming scarce southward. 

Spores Matwre—Late May to late June, rarely in July, rather 
variable. Fronds arise in April; fertile portion withering shortly 
after maturity, but persisting into summer, sterile remaining 
green until early autumn. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Med- 
ford (S), Merchantville (C), Little Timber Creek (C), Clarksboro (UP), 
Mickleton, Sewell (UP), Swedesboro, Quinton. 

Cape May—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Family OS§MUNDACEA#. Cinnamon Ferns. 


OSMUNDA L. 
Osmunda regalis L. Royal Fern. 
Osmunda regalis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1065. 1753 [Europe and Virginia].— 

Knieskern 41.—Britton 312. 

In wooded or open swamps throughout. 

Spores Mature.—Mid-May to early June, immediately after 
which the fertile portion withers and dies, but usually persists 
for some time. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Burlington, Delanco, Medford 
(S), Gloucester (UP), Lindenwold (S), Sicklerville (S), Washington Park, 
Mickleton, Swedesboro, Beaver Dam. 

Coast Strip—Spray Beach (1), Surf City (L), Beach Haven Cr. (L), 
Wildwood. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Long Causway (S), Speedwell, Hammori® 
ton (Bassett), Mays Landing (UP), Egg Harbor City (UP), Williamstown 


Jnc., Cedar Brook. 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Goshen (S) Cape May (OHB). 


Osmunda cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Fern. 


Osmunda cinnamomea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1066. 1753 [Maryland].—Knieskern 
41.—Britton 312. 
Osmunda c. frondosa Britton 312. 
Moist situations, throughout. One of the most widely dis- 
tributed ferns of our district. 
Variety O. c. glandulosa Waters (Fern Bulletin X, 1go2, p. 
21—Maryland), occurs with the typical form at several stations. 
The Cinnamon Fern is very conspicuous in early spring, when 
we see the tightly coiled frond tips pushing up all around the 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 125 


tussock-like root stalk of last year and gradually unfurl into the 
erect slender cinnamon plumes, which give the plant its name, 
and from which clouds of the fine dust-like spores are detached 
when we brush against them. About the time they have reached 
this stage the green sterile fronds of the ordinary fern-like 
structure unfurl, after which the fruiting fronds wither and 
perish. This is our largest fern, and the broad green fronds, 
sometimes three feet in length, form a conspicuous feature of 
both wooded and open swamps. 

Spores Mature—Early or mid-May, as the fronds uncoil, 
very shortly after which the fertile fronds begin to wither and 
soon perish. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delanco, Medford (S) De- 
laire, Camden, Haddonfield (S), Lindenwold (S), Tomlin, Mickleton, 
Swedesboro, Mantua, Glassboro, Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens—Allaire (S), Atco (UP) Andrews, Cedar Brook, Ham- 
monton (Bassett), Mays Landing (UP), Manumuskin (UP). 


Coast Strip.—Beach Haven Terrace (L), Spray Beach (L). 
Cape May.—Goshen (S), Cape May (OHB). 


Osmunda claytoniana L. Clayton’s Fern. 
Osmunda claytoniana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1066. 1753 [Virginia] Britton 312. 


North Jersey, but casual or rare in our region, occurring only 
in the Middle district. 

Spores Mature.—Early or mid-May as the fronds uncoil. Fer- 
tile portion is commonly dried up by late May, but persists 
through the summer. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), New Egypt, Kinkora, Delaire, near Cam- 
den (UP), Swedesboro, Mullica Hill (H). 


Family SCHIZA!ACE. 
SCHIZAEA J. E. Smith. 
Schizzea pusilla Pursh. Curly Grass. 


Pl. 66, Fig. 1. 


Schizea pusilla Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 657.. 1814 [Quaker Bridge, Burlington 
Co., N. J.].—Rafinesque, Amer. Mo. Mag. II., p. 174. 1818—Nuttall II. 
249.—Knieskern 41.—Willis 79—Britton 312—Kelier and Brown 8— 
Cooper, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. II. 266. 1828.—Redfield, Bull. Torrey Club VI. 
82, 1876.—Saunders, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, pp. 548, 549. 


126 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


This curious little fern, which bears so little resemblance to a 
fern as popularly understood, has long been the most prized 
among the many botanical rarities of the Jersey Pine Barrens. 
It was first discovered in 1805 at Quaker Bridge, where an inn 
well known to the botanists of old, offered shelter to those who 
wished to stop over night on their way to the coast. Situated 
as it was in the very heart of this interesting country, it furnished 
one of the few available stopping places for those who desired 
to study the flora or fauna of the Pines, and who in the absence 
of railroads were unable to return to Philadelphia at night. It 
thus became the only known station for many species of plants 
which were later found to have a much wider distribution. With 
the coming of the railroad and abandonment of the old wagon 
roads to the sea, the old hostelry at Quaker Bridge disappeared, 
as did other similar buildings, so that the spot is now more of a 
wilderness and less accessible than it was a century ago. The 
party who had the good fortune to discover the S'‘chize@a con- 
sisted of Dr. C. W. Eddy, J. Le Conte, Fredk. Pursh and C. 
Whitlow. Pursh described the curious little plant in his Flora 
in 1814, leaving one to infer that he alone was the discoverer, 
but Rafinesque, in his review of Pursh’s work* states that he 
did not find any of the specimens and that he described the plant 
without the permission of the real discoverer. Dr. Torrey has 
confirmed the first part of this statement, saying that Dr. Eddy 
was the discoverer and that Le Conte was the only other member 
of the party to find any specimen [Redfield Torrey Bull. vA, 
82-83]. The plant was apparently not found again until July, 
1818, when Dr. Torrey and Wm. Cooper drove from Philadel- 
phia to South Amboy, by way of Quaker Bridge and Monmouth, 
spending a week in the Pines, while Dr. Torrey made his first 
acquaintance with the peculiar flora. 

The order of its subsequent discovery at other stations has 
not been recorded; we only know that Torrey and Gray had 
obtained it at Toms River by 1837. Dr. Joseph Leidy collected it 
at Batsto in 1861 and C. F. Parker at Atsion in 1870 and at 
Egg Harbor City by 1884. 


* Amer. Mo. Mag. II, p. 174. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 127 


Schizea is now known from some thirty stations, all within 
the Pine Barrens, and it will doubtless be found in almost any 
spot within this region where the conditions are favorable. A 
moist, sandy spot on the edge of a White Cedar swamp is its 
favorite habitat, where it grows in close association with young 
Cedars, Lycopodium carolinianum, Drosera filiformis, etc. Mr. 
Clutes’ statement in his List of N. A. Ferns—Fern. Bull. 1905, 
p. 120—that it is “found in Cranberry Bogs” is decidedly mis- 
leading. It may-sometimes grow where cranberries grow, but 
not in what are known as Cranberry bogs, and I am inclined to 
think that the artificial cultivation, flooding, etc., would extermi- 
nate it, as it does some of our other rarities. 

At Speedwell I have found it in the heart of a Cedar Swamp 
growing on the vertical sides of cuts in the sandy roads made 
by heavy wagons. 

Perhaps the most interesting station is that discovered by Mr. 
E. B. Bartram, near Seaside Park, on a narrow point of land *: 
lying between Barnegat Bay and the ocean. Here, just back of 
the sand dunes, within one hundred yards of the beach, is a moist 
hollow with a few little White Cedars, among which grows the 
Schizea in company with its usual associates, the Lycopodium 
and Drosera. 

The largest specimens that I have seen bore fruiting fronds 
120-150 mm. in height. 

The plant is easily overlooked, though readily found when 
one is familiar with the fern and its haunts. The late Dr. J. 
Bernard Brinton, who was one of those who discovered it at 
Egg Harbor City, told me of his amazement when, while sitting 
upon the ground eating his lunch, the little plant seemed to rise 
up under his eyes as they for a moment became focused upon 
a certain spot to which something had accidentally attracted 
his’ gaze. 

When the American Association for the Advancement of 
Science met at Philadelphia, in 1884, the botanists in attendance, 
including a number of prominent British naturalists who had 
come on from the meeting of the British Association in Canada, 
were taken on a special excursion to pay their respects to Schizea 
and the Pine Barrens, probably the most notable trip ever made 
to this region. It has been described as follows: 


128 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


“The excursion of Saturday [Sept. 5, 1884] to the Pine 
Barrens was, barring the heat, thoroughly enjoyable * * * 
When the coach which was devoted to the botanists was left on 
the side track at Egg Harbor [City] the view that greeted their 
eyes was a level, sandy plain, with low vegetation interspersed 
with shrubs and trees here and there. It was determined to 
make a sally eastward first. In spite of the fact that the ther- 
mometer had passed above the nineties, the whole party of fifty, 
including ladies and Britishers, wandered out for a mile or so 
amid a vegetation remarkably rich in showy and interesting 
flowers and botanical rarities. But the heat would not permit 
much loitering, and they soon returned with red faces, but arms 
full of treasures. After a short rest all but a few summoned 
up fortitude to start out again, going westward for a full mile 
along the railroad track. This gave a different flora. But the 
zeal of the excursionists, which was emulating the temperature, 
reached its highest point when the cry ran all along the line that 
the Schizea was found. There was a succession of disappearing 
forms down the railroad embankment into the thicket, where all, 
great and small, went down on hands and knees to gather 
the precious little ferns of such unfern-like aspect. But it is 
impossible to tell all that happened. A bounteous lunch was 
served upon the return, after which Mr. I. C. Martindale called 
the botanists to order. Prof. W. J. Beal presided. Dir. Gray 
gave some reminiscences of his early visits to this region, 
He thought it was in 1832 that, in company with Dr. Torrey, 
he first saw the Pine Barrens at Toms River and had found the 
Schizea. The following year he spent a week at Quaker’s 
Bridge, and had not been in the Pine Barrens’ since till the 
present occasion. Mr. William Carruthers, of the British 
Museum, spoke pleasantly of the enjoyment which the day had 
afforded him, and his surprise to see a region so apparently 
barren supporting such a varied vegetation, particularly at this 
season of the year. He was only able to recognize Pteris and 
Osmunda regalis as plants he had previously seen in a living 
sate 


* Bot. Gazette IX. 1884, p. 161. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 129 


Spores Mature.—Middle or late August through a very short 
period. Fertile fronds uncoil with the sterile in late May and 
grow to full height by late July. They dry soon after maturity 
and usually persisit into the next summer or occasionally even 
for a full year. Sterile frond evergreen. 


Pine Barrens—Toms River, Ferago=Bamber, Whitings, Double Trouble, 
Island Heights Jnc., Forked River, Waretown, Mayetta, Tuckerton, Speed- 
well (S), Chatsworth, Inskip, Joes Bridge, 5 mi. N. KE, Hammonton (UP), 
Eighth St., Atsion, Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Opp. Crowleytown, 
Egg Harbor City, Hospitality Bridge, Seven mi. S. of Hammonton (UP), 
Pancoast, Absecon. 

Coast Strip.—Seaside Park. 


LYGODIUM Swartz. 
Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.). Climbing Fern. 
Gisopteris palmata Bernhardt, Schrad. Journ. Bot. II. 129. 1800 [Penna.,. 
Ky. and Va.]. 
Lygodium palmatum Nuttall 248—Knieskern 41.—Willis 79.—Britton 311.— 
Keller and Brown 8. 

This, our only trailing fern, is found in north Jersey, but is 
perhaps most frequent, though always local, along streams in the 
Middle district, especially in Burlington county. It grows in 
dense thickets, climbing up on the bushes and herbs to a height 
of two or three feet. 

Spores Mature——Late September into October or even later. 
Fertile portion of the frond uncurling with the sterile during 
spring; scarcely evergreen, becoming brown and dried during 
winter. Sterile frondlets remaining green over winter, but 
perishing the following spring along with the fertile. 


Middle District—Matawan (C), Keyport (NY), Shark River (C), Bur- 
lington (UP), New Lisbon, Brown’s Mills, Moorestown (C), Four miles east 
of Haddonfield, Medford, East Magnolia, Clementon. 

Pine Barrens.—White Horse (C), Atsion (KB) 


Family POLYPODIACE#. ‘True Ferns. 
POLYPODIUM L. 
Polypodium vulgare L. Polypody. 


Polypodium vulgare Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1085. 1753 [Europe]—Britton 305.— 
Keller and Brown 9. 
Q MUS 


130 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common in the northern half of the State; rare and local in 
the Middle district. 

Spores Mature.—Mid-July, well into autumn. Fronds ever- 
green, persisting with the large sori well into the next year, often 
to midsummer. 


Middle District——Bordentown, Birmingham, Vincentown (C), Delaware 
river below Gloucester (P), Swedesboro, Sharpstown. 


ADIANTUM L. 
Adiantum pedatum L. Maidenhair. 


Adiantum pedatum Linnus, Sp. Pl. 1095. 1753 [Canada and Virginia].— 
Britton 306.—Keller and Brown 9. 

North Jersey, but rare in our region, occurring locally in the 
Middle district. 

Spores Mature—Mid-July to late September. 

Middle District—Keyport (C), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Vincentown (C), 
Auburn (C). Mr. C. D. Lippincott assures me that it formerly grew at 
Swedesboro, but has been exterminated. 

PTERIDIUM Scopoli. 
Pteridium aquilinum (L.). Bracken. 
Pieris aquilina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1075. 1753 [Europe].—Barton II. 211.— 
Knieskern 40.—Willis 78—Britton 306. 

Occurs throughout, but especially abundant in the Pine Barrens, | 
where, with the several species of Huckleberries and the “Sweet 
Fern,” it forms the bulk of the undergrowth in open pine woods, 
It is indeed the most abundant of the species mentioned, and 
often large areas are covered by it alone, the flat tops of the 
fronds making an even surface which stretches away among the 
scattered trunks of the Pitch Pines as far as the eye can reach. 

The form P. a pseudocaudatum Clute (Fern Bull. VIIL., 39, 
1900, Babylon L. I.) occurs at various stations and in all sorts 
of combinations and gradations to true aquilinum. 

Spores Mature.—July to September, showing great variation 
in date. 

Middle District—Long Branch, New Egypt, Sicklerville, Swedesboro, Di- 
viding Creek. 


Pine Barrens.—Toms River (NY), E. Plains, Waretown, Barnegat, Tuck- 
erton, Speedwell, Winslow, Taunton, Hammonton (Bassett); Egg Harbor. 

Coast Strip-—Surf City (L), Atlantic City (L). 

Cape May.—Bennett (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 131 


WOODWARDIA J. E. Smith. 
Woodwardia virginica (Linn.). Virginia Chain Fern. 


Blechum virginicum Linneus, Mantissa II. 307. 1771 [Virginia]. 
Woodwardia virginica Knieskern 41.—Britton 306.—Keller and Brown 10. 


Casually in the North and Middle districts, but most plentiful 
in the Pine Barrens, where it is the most abundant fern in damp 
or wet localities. 

Spores Mature.—Late June to late July, most abundantly, but 
sporadically on through the summer or even into early autumn. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Allaire, Camden (UP), Paulsboro, Bridge- 
port, Repaupo, Mickleton (UP), Clarksboro (UP), Sicklerville, Swedesboro, 
Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens.—Bamber, Pasadena, Long Causway, Clementon, Bear Swamp 
(S$), Atco (UP), Ancora (UP), Cedar Lake (T), Vineland (S), Winslow, 
Hammonton, Pleasant Mills (UP), Batsto, Egg Harbor City, Weekstown, 
Twelfth St., Folsom, Tuckahoe (S). 

Coast Strip—Belmar, Asbury Park (S), Deal (C), Ocean Beach (C), 
Forked River, Manahawkin, West Creek, Tuckahoe, Anglesea. 

Cape May.—Goshen, Cape May (OHB). 


Woodwardia areolata (L.). Narrow-leaved Chain Fern. 


Acrostichum areolatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1069. 1753 [Virginia and Mary- 
land]. 

Woodwardia onocleoides Pursh, II. 669. Nuttall II. 252—Barton II. 212. 

Woodwardia angustifolia Torrey Cat. N. Y. Plants 81. 1819.—Knieskern 40. 

W oodwardia areolata Britton 307.—Keller and Brown Io. 


Casual in north Jersey, plentiful in the Middle and Pine Bar- 
ren districts. 

Spores Mature.—Mid-August to mid-October, but the spores 
retained within the indusia and not scattered apparently until the 
frond perishes. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Allaire (S), New Egypt, Camden, Haddon- 
field, Moorestown (UP), Riverton (UP), Westmont (S), Medford, Taunton 
(S), Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, Tomlin (S), Center 
Square, Clementon, Sicklerville (S), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek, Millville, 
Salem. 

Pine Barrens —Tom’s River (UP), New Lisbon, Bamber, Pen Bryn (S), 
Waterford, Cedar Brook, Hammonton, Pleasant Mills, Ege Harbor City 
(UP). : : 

Coast Strip—Asbury Park, Forked River, Manahawkin, Coxes, Surf City 
(L), Beach Haven Crest (L), Anglesea (UP). 

Cape May.—Goshen (S), Dennisville (S), Court House, Cape May (OHB). 


132 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE. MUSEUM. 


ASPLENIUM L. 
Asplenium platyneuron (L.). Ebony Fern. 
Achrostichum platyneuron Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1069. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Asplenium platyneuron Britton 307—Saunders Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
1900, p. 548. 

Throughout, but most abundant northward. In our region it 
occurs usually on sandy shaded banks or in thickets. 

Spores Mature —Farly June to late July. Sterile fronds semi- 
evergreen, the fertile with heavy sori scarcely persisting through 
the winter. 

Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale, New Egypt, Hartford, Birm- 
ingham, Arneys Mt., Medford (S), Tomlin, Westville (UP), Pitman, Glass- 
boro, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Dover Forge, Bamber, Speedwell (S), Calico. 


Coast Strip—Asbury Park, Peermont, Anglesea (UP). 
Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cold Spring. 


Asplenium filix-foemina (L.). Lady Fern. 


Polypodium F[ilix] femina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1090. 1753 [Europe]. 

Asplenium filix-famina Britton 308—Saunders, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
1900, p. 548. 

Asplenium filix-foemina laciniatum Moore, Bull. Torrey Club VI. 183. 

A common species in North Jersey, scarcer southward and 
mainly restricted to the Middle district. There is a snigle Pine 
Barren record at Calico, where Mr. Saunders found this and other 
species growing on the inside of an old well. 

Spores Mature.—Early July to early September ; indusia very 
soon wither. 

Middle District—Navesink Highlands (C), Shark River (UP), Freehold 
(C), Farmingdale, Birmingham, Pemberton (C), Hartford, Camden (P), 
Locust Grove (S), Medford (S), Gloucester, Kirkwood (C), Sewell (S), 
Pitman, Mickleton (UP), Swedesboro, Yorktown (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Calico. 


Coast District—Coxe’s. 
Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


Asplenium acrostichoides Sw. Silvery Fern. 


Asplenium acrostichoides Swartz Schrad. Jour. Bot. II. 54. 1800 [No 
locality given].—Britton 307. 

A northern species reported by Willis from Freehold, within 

our limits. A specimen in the University of Pennsylvania from 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 133 


the herbarium of the late Isaac Burk is labeled “deep swamps in 
Jersey.” As Mr. Burk did most of his collecting in south Jersey, 
it is probable that this specimen came from somewhere in our 
region. 
POLYSTICHUM Roth. 
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.). Christmas Fern. 


Nephrodium acrostichoides Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 267. 1803 [Pennsyl- 
vania, Carolina and Tennessee]. 

Aspidium acrostichoides Knieskern 41.—Britton 310. 

Aspidium acrostichoides schweinitgii Britton 310. 

Common northward, but only casual within our range and re- 
stricted to the Middle district, except an isolated colony which I 
discovered at Speedwell in the heart of the Pine Barrens and 
one at Cape May. 

Spores Mature——Ejarly June to late June; indusia soon 
withering. Fronds evergreen, except the fertile portion which 
withers during the winter. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Shark River (UP), New Egypt, Borden- 
town, Birmingham, Springdale (S), Woodbury, Sewell (S$), Swedesboro, 
Salem (S). 


Pine Barrens.—Speedwell (S). 
Cape May—Cape May (0. H. Brown). 


DRYOPTERIS Adanson. 
Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.). New York Fern. 


Polypodium moveboracense Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1091. 1753 [Canada]. 
Aspidium Noveboracense Knieskern 41.—Britton 309. 

Common northward;- southward restricted to the Middle, 
Coast and Cape May districts, where it is less common. 

Spores Mature.—Late June into August. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Allaire (S), Birmingham, Haddonfield (5S), 
Westville (UP), Mickleton (H), Lawnside (S), Sewell (S), Andrews, 
Swedesboro, Yorktown, Dividing Creek. 

Coast Strip—Coxes, Manahawkin, Ocean City (UP). 

Cape May—Cape May (OHB). 


Dryopteris thelypteris (L.). Marsh Fern. 


Acrostichum Thelypteris Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 1071. 1753 [Europe]. 
Aspidium Thelypteris Britton 308. 


‘Throughout, but not common in, the Pine Barrens. 
Spores M ature.—Mid-August well into September. 


134 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Sandy Hook (C), Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant, New 
Egypt, Hartford, Medford (S$), Washington Park, Mickleton (H), Sewell 
(S), Clementon, Atco (C), Sicklerville (S), Glassboro, Swedesboro, York- 
town, Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens—Hammonton (S$). 

Coast Sirip-—Seaside Park (UP), Barnegat, Manahawkin, Beach Haven 
Terrace (L), Surf City (L), Beach Haven Crest (L), Holgate’s (L), Ocean 
City (S), Petersburg (S), Wildwood. 

Cape May.—Goshen (S), Three miles west Court House (S), Cape May. 


Dryopteris simulata Davenp. Massachusetts Fern. 
Aspidium simulatum Davenport, Bot. Gaz. XIX 495. 1804 [Seabrook Essex 
Co. Mass.]. 

Dryopteris simulata Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1908, 457. 

Originally discovered in our region at Clementon by Mr. 
Stewardson Brown and apparently restricted to boggy spots or 
cedar swamps on the edge of the Pine Barrens. 

Spores Mature-—Early August to late September. 


Middle District.—Glassboro, Shark River. 
Pine Barrens.—Farmingdale, Shark River, Double Trouble, Forked River, 
Cox’s, Clementon, Andrews, west of Sicklerville, Cedar Brook, Batsto Forks. 


Dryopteris cristata (L.).* Crested Fern. 
Polypodium cristatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. rogo. 1753 [N. Europe]. 
Aspidium cristatum Britton 309. 

Northern New Jersey; occurring locally southward in the 
Middle district. 

Spores Mature——tLate June to late July; indusia commonly 
withering by early July. 

Middle District—Red Bank (C), Farmingdale, Hanover, Moorestown 
(UP), Camden (P), Medford (S), Lawnside (S), Mickleton (H), Tomlin, 
Sewell (5), Atco (C), Swedesboro, Mullica Hill (C). 

Coast Strip—Cox’s. 

Cape May.—Cape May (O. H. Brown). 


Dryopteris marginalis (L.). Evergreen Wood Fern. 
Polypodium marginale Linneus, Sp. Pl. tog1. 1753 [Canada]. 
Aspidium marginale Britton 309. 
A common fern of the northern counties, rare and local within 
our limits and occurring only in the Middle district. 


* Dryopteris cristata clintoniana Eaton (Gray’s Man. Ed. V. 665, 1867.— 
New York), was reported within our limits only from Little Timber Creek, 
Camden Co., by I. C. Martindale in Britton’s Catalogue. The specimen was 
not examined until after this page was in type. It seems to be correctly iden- 
tified. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 135 


Spores Mature.—Early June to early July, indusia soon with- 
ering. Fronds evergreen, persisting with large brown sori over 
the winter. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Bordentown, Riverton (UP), Birmingham, 
Camden (P), Woodbury, Mickleton (C),* 5 mi. S. of Swedesboro (CDL). 


Dryopteris spinulosa (Retz.). Spinulose Shield Fern. 
Polypodium spinulosa Retzius, Fl. Scand. Ed. 2. 250. 1795 [Scandinavia]. 


Common northward, south locally in the Middle district. 
Spores Mature.—Mid-May to early June; indusia soon wither- 
ing. Fronds barely persisting to the beginning of winter. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Glassboro, Mickleton. 


Dryopteris spinulosa intermedia Muhl. Spinulose Shield Fern. 


Aspidium intermedium “Muhlenberg” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. V. 262. 1810 
[Pennsylvania].—Barton II. 208. 
Aspidium spinulosum var. intermedium Britton 3009. 
Dryopteris spinulosa Saunders, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 1900, p. 548. 
Common northward, south locally in the Middle district and 
rarely on the coast, to Cape May. 
Spores Mature-——Mid-May to early June; indusia soon with- 
ering. Sterile fronds evergreen, but fertile fronds mostly perish 
during the winter. 


Middle District—Farmingdale (S), Pt. Pleasant, Bordentown, Hartford, 
Birmingham, Berlin, Atco (C), Woodbury (UP), Swedesboro, Yorktown. 

Coast Strip.—Cox’s. 

Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 

FILIX Adanson. 
Filix fragilis (Linn.). Brittle Fern. 

Polypodium F{ilix]-fragile Linneus, Sp. Pl. togt. 1753 (Europe]. 
Cystopteris fragilis Britton 310. 
Filix fragilis Keller and Brown 14. 
nee northward, but known within our limits only from 

reehold (Willis), from Medford, where it was discovered 
May 30, 1903, by Mr. Stewardson Brown growing on the vertical 
bank of a small stream in deep woods, and from Pitman in a 
similar situation discovered by Mr. Bayard Long. 


* Dr. Harshberger’s specimen reported from Seaside Park (Proc. Acad.. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 623) proves to be Osmunda cinnamomea. 


136 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Spores Mature.—Late May to early July; indusia soon with- 
ering. 
Middle District—Freehold (C), Medford, Pitman, Mantua (H). 


DENNSTADTIA Bernhardi. 

Dennstzedtia punctilobula (Michx.). Sweet-scented Fern. 
Nephrodium punctilobulum Michaux, Fl. Bor Am, II. 268. 1803 [Canada]. 
Dicksonia punctilobula Nuttall II. 253—Britton 311. 

North Jersey and locally southward in the Middle district 
and on the coast. Also found by the writer at Cape May. 

Spores Mature.—Mid-June to apparently early August. 

Middle District—Freehold (C), Shark River, Hornerstown, Birmingham, 
Arneys Mt. (S), Lenola (UP), Taunton (S), Mickleton (H), Blackwood, 
Sewell (S), Andrews, Swedesboro, Yorktown. 


Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Cox’s. 
Cape May.—Cape May. 


PHEGOPTERIS Fée. 
Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.). Broad Beech Fern. 


Polypodium hexagonopterum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 271. 1803 [Carolina 
and Virginia]. 
Common in rocky woods of the northern counties and occa- 
sionally in the Middle district. 
Spores Mature.—Mid-June apparently into August. 


Middle District—Long Branch, New Egypt, Swedesboro. 


Phegopteris dryopteris (L.). Oak Fern. 


Polypodium dryopteris Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 1093. 1753 [Europe]. 
Phegopteris dryopteris Saunders, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 548. 


A typical mountain species of northern New Jersey discovered 
growing in the shaft of an old well at Calico, in the heart of the 
Pine Barrens, by Mr. C. F. Saunders, July 5, 1899. Not known 
from elsewhere within our range. 

Spores Mature.—Probably in June, quite dehisced in the above 
specimen. 


Pine Barrens.—Calico. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 137 


MATTEUCCIA Todaro. 
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.). Ostrich Fern. 


Osmunda struthiopteris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1066. 1753 [Northern Europe]. 
Onoclea struthiopteris Britton 310. 
Matteuccia struthiopteris Keller and Brown 14. 

Along the Delaware River at several points in northern New 
Jersey and at Crosswicks Creek on our northern boundary, where 
it was found by Mr. E. D. Sturtevant.* 


ONOCLEA L. 
Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern. 
Onoclea sensibilis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1062. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 41.— 
Britton 310.—Crawford, Bartonia I. 19. 1909. 
Found throughout, except in the Pine Barrens; occurring in 
wet swamps, usually in shade. 


Spores Mature-—Early October, apparently through autumn. 
Fertile fronds arise in early July, the pinne (which form berry- 
like bodies inclosing the sporangia) split open by early October 
and allow the sporangia to dehisce and the spores to escape. 

Middle District—Allaire (S), Pt. Pleasant (S), New Egypt, Hartford, 
Pemberton (NY), Birmingham, Arney’s Mt. (S), Delaire, Medford (S$), 
Sewell (S), Sicklerville (S), Swedesboro, Salem (S). 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Cox’s, Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), 


Tucker’s (1,), Palermo (S). 
Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


Order EQUISETALES. 


Rush-like plants with simple or much-branched jointed stems, 
leaves reduced to toothed sheaths covering the joints. Only three 
species occur within our district, none of them entering the Pine 
Barrens, 


Family EQUISETACEZ. Horsetails. 
Fruiting Data.—The same character as for Filicales. 


* According to Britton’s Catalogue. No specimens seen. 


138 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Stems smooth, annual. 

b. Cone-like spike containing the sporanges, on a separate plant, pale 
brown and without branches, appearing in spring and soon perishing. 
Sterile green plant with numerous branches becoming at least 75 mm. 
long. E. arvense, p. 138 

bb. Cone-like spike at the tip of the stem of a green branched plant, 


branches fewer and variable, mostly less than 50 mm. long. 
E. fluviatile, p. 138 


aa. Stems harsh, stiff and evergreen, simple (very rarely branched). 
E. hyemale affine, p. 138 


EQUISETUM L. 
Equisetum arvense L. Field Horsetalil. 
Equisetum arvense Linneus, Sp. P. 1061. 1753 [Europe].—Knieskern 40.— 
Britton 312. : 
Frequent except in the Pine Barrens, but mostly as a weed 
along railroads, etc. 
Spores Mature.—Early April to late April, more rarely to 
early May. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Kirkwood, Delanco, Medford 
(S), Albion, Swedesboro (CDL). 
Coast Strip.—Forked River, Barnegat City (L). 


Cape May.—Dennisville (OHB), Court House, Anglesea Jnc. (S), Cape 
May (OHB). 


Equisetum fluviatile L. Swamp Horsetail. 


Equisetum fluviatile Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1062. 1753 [Europe]. 
Equisetum limosum Britton, Cat. N. J. Plants 313. 

Open wet swamps in north Jersey and occasional in the Mid- 
dle district close to the Delaware River. 

Spores Mature —Mid-May to early June. 


Middle District—Delaire, Kaighns Pt., Gloucester. 


Equisetum hyemale affine (Engelm.). Scouring Rush. 


Equisetum robustum affine Englemann, Amer. Jour. Sci. 46:88. 1844 [St. 
Louis, Mo.]. 
Equisetum hyemale Knieskern 40.—Britton 313. 


* FE. scirpoides is given in Torrey’s Catalogue 17, on the authority of Dr. _ 
Eddy, as occurring in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, but there must have 
been some mistake, as this species has never been found by anyone else. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. — 139 


North and Middle districts, usually appearing as if introduced. 

Spores Mature.—Late May to late July, occasionally later in 
the summer. Undeveloped spikes persist throughout the year. 
Evergreen, 


Middle District—Keyport (C), Farmingdale (S$), New Egypt, Delanco, 
Birmingham (C), Vincentown (C), Camden (P), Medford (S), Westville 
(KB), Woodstown (H). 


Order LYCOPODIALES. 


Includes the Club Mosses, Selaginellas and Quillworts. The 
last are mainly confined to the Delaware River and its im- 
mediate tributaries. Of the Club Mosses two species are charac- 
teristic of the Pine Barren bogs and found in practically all 
such situations in the district, while one other species is almost 
restricted to the Pines—Z. carolinianum. 

The other seven are for the most part intrusions from the 
north, only one of which occurs (sporadically) in the Pine 
Barren district. Our only Selaginella occurs in the Middle and 
Coast districts only. 

Fruiting Data.—As in the ferns. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Erect submerged plants consisting of a cluster of awl-shaped leaves 
arising from a fleshy bulb-like base. Sporangia concealed at the base of 


the leaves. Isoetes, p. 144 
aa, Small prostrate or assurgent moss-like plants, with sporanges at the 
axils of minute flat spreading leaves. Selaginella apus, p. 143 


aaa. Larger prostrate or erect plants with sporanges in the axils of the leaves 
in erect cylindrical spikes. 
b. Plants normally erect, leaves all alike. Lycopodium lucidulum, p. 140 
bb. Stems trailing, sending up erect branches, leaves all alike but top of 
spike, where the sporangia are born somewhat stouter. 
c. Stems densely leafy, 15 mm. or terminal part 20 mm, in diameter. 
; L. alopecuroides, p. 141 
ce. Stems more slender. 
d. .2—1 dm. high, central stem slender throughout. 
L. inundatum, p. 140 
dd. 2.5-3 dm. high, decidedly inore robust, central stem thicker 
terminally. L. chapmanii, p. 141 
aaaa, Larger prostrate or erect plants with sporangia in the axils, of modified, 
yellowish, scale-like leaves which form a distinct slender cone-like spike. 
b. Whole plant upright, branching. L. obscurum, p. 142 


140 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


bb. Plant with a prostrate creeping stem from which rise erect branches. 
c. Leaves linear subulate, not all strictly appressed. 

d. Creeping stem, short, not more than .5 dm. in length, 

from which rises a slender stalk with minute appressed 

leaves and a single terminal spike. L. carolinianum, p. 142 

dd. Creeping stem, 3-12 dm. long, with many erect or recumbent 

leafy branches, from some of which rise the slender fruit 

stalks, bearing one to four spikes each. L. clavatum, p. 143 

ce. Leaves minute, scale-like, imbricated and appressed on the flat- 

tened palmate branches, which rise from a similar creeping 


stem. i 
d. Trailing stem deep down below the surface, branches less 
than two millimeters wide. L. tristachyum, p. 143 


dd. Trailing stem on the surface, branches two to four milli- 
meters wide, more loosely forked. L,. flabelliforme, p. 143 


Family LYCOPODIACEA. Club Mosses. 
LYCOPODIUM L. 


Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. Shining Club-Moss. 
Lycopodium lucidulum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Amer. II. 284. 1803 [Canada to 
Mountains of Carolina].—Britton 303. 
Moist woods of North Jersey and locally in the Middle dis- 
trict. 
Spores Matwre.—Late July to mid-August; period of maturity 
brief. Evergreen. 


+ 
Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Camden, Springdale (S), Med- 
ford (S$), Woodbury, Swedesboro, Yorktown. 


Lycopodium inundatum L. Bog Club-Moss. 
Lycopodium inundatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1102. 1753 [Europe]. 
Bogs of the northern counties and very rarely in the Middle 
district. 
This species seem clearly distinct from the next, easily rec- 


ognized by its slender stem and lower habit. Mr. W. A. Poyser 
tells me that he has specimens from Fairmount, Bergen County. 


Middle District—Kaighns Pt. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 141 


Lycopodium chapmanii Underwood. Chapman’s Club-Moss, 
Pl. I, Fig. 2. 


’ Lycopodium chapmanii “Underwood” Maxon, Proc. U. §. Nat. Mus. 23: 646. 
gol. n.n for L. ind. adpressum Chapman [Caloosa Riv., Florida]. 
Lycopodium inundatum Gray, Manual Ed. I. 637. 1848.—Britton 303. 
Lycopodium mundatum var. Bigelovii Gray, Manual Ed. V. 673. 1867. 

One of the most characteristic plants of the bogs of the Pine 
Barren region, occurring casually in the Middle, Coast, and Cape 
May districts. 

Spores Mature——Early August well into October. 

Middle District—Allaire (S), Farmingdale, Belmar (UP), Shark River, 
Center Square, Lindenwold, Orchard (S), Franklinville (UP), Union Grove 
(S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Lakehurst (UP), Chatsworth (UP), Clementon, Water- 
ford, Cedar Brook, Ancora (UP), Atco (UP), Millville) Hammonton, Egg 
Harbor City, Absecon, Opposite Crowleytown. 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Forked River, Cox’s, Harvey Cedars (L), 
Ship Tottom (L), Surf City (L), Spray Beach (UP), Peahala (L). 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (S). 


Lycopodium alopecuroides L. Fox-tail Club-Moss. 
Pl. I, Fig. 1. 
Lycopodium alopecuroides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1102. 1753 [Virginia, Canada]. 
—Willis 79.—Britton 303. 
Lycopodium alopecoides Knieskern 41. 

A: characteristic Pine Barren bog species usually associated 
with the preceding. It reaches its northern limit in New Jersey, 
and occurs outside of the Pine Barrens only at Lawrence Station 
and a few localities in the Middle and Cape May districts. 

Spores Mature—Early September through October, even until 
killed by frost. 


Middle District—Hainesport, Kaighns Pt., Griffth’s Swamp, Lindenwold, 
Swedesboro, Bridgeton, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Brown’s Mills, South of New Egypt, Ware- 
town, Pasadena, Chatsworth, Tomlinson’s, Landisville, Hammonton, Pleasant 
Mills, Egg Harbor City. 

Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S). 

The characters usually cited for distinguishing the three pre- 
ceding species are apparently not very constant and we certainly 
have a chain of connecting links in our New Jersey bogs between 
L. chapmanii and L. alopecuroides. As to L. inundatum, the 


142 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


slender stem seems to separate all nothern specimens that I have 
seen from L. chapmanii and the Kaighn’s Pt. specimen is appar- 
ently the northern form. The old Kaighns Pt. Swamp harbored 
a number of northern plants not found elsewhere so far south 
in the State. The application of the name Bigelovii is differently 
construed by different authors. It has usually been associated 
with inundatum as a variety. 


Lycopodium carolinianum L. Carolina Club-Moss. 
Pl. I, Fig. 3. 
Lycopodium carolinianum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1104. 1753 [Carolina].—Gray’s 

Man. Ed. I. 638—Knieskern 41.—Willis 80—Britton 304. 

This delicate little species, so frequently assocated with 
Schizea, is alnvost entirely restricted to the Pine Barrens, which 
mark the northern limit of its range. It is found in moist, 
sandy, open spots. It occurs with Schizea at Mr. Bartram’s 
locality near Seaside Park and has been found also at one 
station near Bennett by Mr. Long. 

Spores Mature.—Late August well into November. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (UP), Bamber, Waretown, West Creek (S$), 
Chatsworth, Bear Swamp (S), Ballinger’s Mill (S), Hammonton, Atsion, 
Quaker Bridge (Bassett), Batsto, opposite Crowleytown, Pleasant Mills, 
Egg Harbor City, Forked River, Absecon, Mays Landing (N. Y.). 


Coast Strip.—Seaside Park. 
Cape May.—Bennett. 


Lycopodium obscurum L. Ground Pine. 


Lycopodium obscurum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1102, 1753 [Philadelphia, J. Bartram]. 

—Britton 304. 

Lycopodium dendroidum Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 203.—Knieskern 41. 

A common woodland species of North Jersey and found less 
abundantly in the Middle, Coast, and Cape May districts, and at 
one locality in the Pines, possibly an intruder from the coast. 

Spores Mature——Apparently from late July to mid-August; 
fruits rather infrequently. Evergreen. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, New Lisbon (C), Birmingham, 
Moorestown (C), Fish House, Medford (S), Mickleton (H), Atco (C), 
Sicklerville, Glassboro, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Centerton (S). 

Pine Barrens—Hammonton (Bassett). 


Coast Strip.—Cox’s, Tuckerton. 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 143 


Lycopodium flabelliforme (Fernald.). Trailing Christmas-green. 


Lycopodium complanatum flabelliforme Fernald, Rhodora Nov. 1901, p. 280 
[Maine]. 


Lycopodium complanatum Barton 203.—Knieskern 41.—Britton 304. 

The common trailing species of the North Jersey woods ex- 
tending casually to the Middle district und on the coast, even 
to the Cape May peninsula, but not known from the Pine Barrens. 

Spores Matwre—Early August to mid-August; a very short 
period. Rather rarely fruiting in our range. Evergreen. 


Middle District_Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arneys Mt. (S), Fish House, 
Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin. 

Cape May.—Wildwood Jnc. 


Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh. Glaucous Christmas-green. 
Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 653. 1814 [Sweet Springs, 
Mountains of Virginia]. 

Very rare in the Middle district and probably farther north 
in dry woods. Found at Shark River by Messrs. S. Brown and 
Norman Taylor, July 4, 1910, growing along a railroad bank and 
perhaps not native. Strobiles on the specimens somewhat 
immature. 


Middle District—Shark River. 


Lycopodium clavatum L. Trailing Club-Moss. 


Lycopodium clavatum Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 1101. 1753 [Europe]—Britton 304.— 
Keller and Brown 16. 


Found in the woodlands of the northern counties, but known 
within our limits only from a very few stations in the Middle 
district. 

Spores mature.—Fruiting specimens very rare, apparently. 
All seen from our range are sterile. Evergreen. 


Middle District—Bordentown, Ashland, Mickleton (C), near Millville 
(KB). 


Family SELAGINELLACE. Selaginellas. 
SELAGINELLA Beauvois. 
Selaginella apus (L.). Selaginella. 


‘Lycopodium apus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1105. 1753 [Carolina, Virginia and Penn- 
sylvania]. 
Selaginella apus Knieskern 41.—Britton 303. 


144 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Swampy ground in the North and Middle districts and down 
the coastal strip to Cape May, occurring among the roots of 
grasses and sedges or with sphagnum; especially abundant along 
the inner edge of the salt marshes. 

Spores Mature.—Late June to early September. Semi-ever- 
green. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Delanco, Mickleton (C), Center Sq. (H), 
Lindenwold, Sewell (S), Glassboro (S), Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Forked River, Cox’s, Absecon (Bassett). 
Cape May.—Court House (S),Cold Spring (S). 


Family ISOETACEA. Quillworts. 
ISOETES L. 


The four species of Isoetes recorded from the Delaware River 
are given on the basis of specimens in the collection of Mr. W. A. 
Poyser, which were identified for him by Mr. A. A. Eaton; other 
specimens presumably identical are in the Academy collection. : 
Mr. Poyser tells me further that I. saccharata, riparia and echin, 
braunit seemed to prefer the sand, but canadensis was in the coarse 
gravel. All were exposed at low tide. At Fish House J. 
saccharata intergraded with I. riparia, but at Delair was ap- 
parently growing alone. He sent Mr. Eaton abundant material 
from each locality, alive. 

Outside of the Delaware River Isoetes seems rare in our dis- 
trict. Specimens from Camden Co. and Toms River are cited 
as identified in Britton’s Catalogue. Besides these I have only 
seen specimens from) Mays Landing; these are in the Academy 
herbarium and are supposed to be J. riparia. Specimens of J. 
engelmanm identified by Eaton from Assinpink Creek, just north 
of our limits, are in Mr. Poyser’s collection. 


Isoetes engelmanni A. Br. Engelmann’s Quillwort. 


Isoetes Engelmanm, A. Braun, Flora 29: 178. 1846 [St. Louis, Mo.].—Britton 
302.—Keller and Brown 17. 


Ponds and lakes of the northern counties and sparingly in 
Camden Co. 


Middle District—Camden (C) 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 145 


Isoetes echinospora braunii (Durien). Braun’s Quillwort. 


Isoetes Braunti Durien, Bull. Soc. Bot. France XI: 101. 1864 [Lake Winne- 
pesaukee, N. H.].—Britton 302—Keller and Brown 17. 


Sparingly on the Delaware above Camden and at Toms River, 
also in ponds and lakes of the northern counties. 
Middle District—Toms River (P). 


Isoetes canadensis (Engelm.). Dodge’s Quillwort. 


Isoetes riparia var. Canadensis Engelmann, Trans. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, 
IV : 383. 1882 [Maine]. 
Isoetes Dodgei Keller and Brown 17.—Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1908, 457. 


Sparingly on the Delaware above Camden. 


Middle District—Fish House. 


Isoetes saccharata Engelm. Canby’s Quillwort. 


Isoetes saccharata Engelmann, Gray’s Man. Ed. V:676. 1867 [Wicomico 
River, Md.]. 


Sparingly on the Delaware above Camden. Originally dis- 
covered in Maryland by Wm. M. Canby. 


Isoetes riparia Engelm. Shore Quillwort. 


Isoetes riparia Engelmann, A. Br. Flora 29:178. 1846 [Shore of the Dela- 
ware, near Philadelphia]_—Britton 302—Keller and Brown 17. 


Plentiful along the shores of the Delaware above Camden. 
Middle District—Camden (P). 


SPERMATOPHYTA. Seed-bearing Plants. 
Class GYMNOSPERMA. 


Order PINALES. 


A group of trees sharply separated from all others by their 
needle or scale-like (usually evergreen) leaves, resinous odor and 
cone-like fruit, modified in some species into a berry-like struc- 
ture. 

The Pitch Pine, Yellow Pine and White Cedar are the trees 
that give character to the Pine Barren district, while the Jersey 
Pine and Red Cedar are equally characteristic of the Middle 

IO MUS 


146 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


district, and the Old Field Pine of Cape May. The White Pine 
and Hemlock are rare intrusions from the north, and the Pond 
Pine and Cypress from the south. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Seeds broadly winged, born in a typical cone, leaves evergreen. 
b. Leaves needle-like, two to five together in a sheath. 
c. Leaves in fives. Pinus strobus, p. 146 
cc. Leaves in twos, short and somewhat twisted. 
P. virginiana, p. 147 
ccc. Leaves in twos or threes, cone small, 25-50 mm. long, prickles 
weak. P. echinata, p. 147 
ccecc. Leaves in threes. 
d. .7-1.2 dm. long, cone large and heavy, 16 mm. long, prickles 
strong. 
dd. 1.5-2.5 dm. long. P. rigida, p. 148 
e. Cone short and ovoid, less than .7 dm. long. 
P. serotina, p. 149 
ee. Cone long, .7-1.2 dm. long. P. teda, p. 150 
bb. Leaves short and flat, not united in sheath. 
i Tsuga canadensis, p. 150 
aa. Seeds in a spherical nut-like cone, leaves deciduous. 
Taxodium distichum, p. 151 
aaa. Seeds in a bluish, smooth or angled berry-like fruit. 
b. Berry angular, persisting after opening as a brownish and woody 
nutlet. Chamaecyparis thyoides, p. 151 
bb. Berry smooth and deciduous. Juniperus virginianus, p. 153 


Family PINACEA‘. Conifers. 


PINUS L. 


Pinus strobus L. White Pine. 
Pl. IV, Fig. s. 
Pinus strobus Linneus, Sp. Pl. toot. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Knies- 

kern 29.—Willis 57.—Britton 3o1. 

Originally, at least, a common forest tree of the northern 
counties, but occurring only sporadically in the Middle district 
and in no sense a characteristic species of our region. 

Fl.—June (apparently). Cones mature in early autumn of the 
second season, commonly falling during the winter. 


Middle District—Pine Brook Station (C), Bordentown, Woodbury (C), 
Berlin (C), Swedesboro. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 147 


Pinus virginiana Mill. Jersey Pine. 


PL. IIL, Fig. 3. Pl IV., Fig. 6. 
Pinus virginiana Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8 No. 9. 1768 [Virginia].—Britton 
00. 
Pine imops Pursh 641.—Michaux Fl. Bor. Am. 11. 204.—Knieskern 29.— 
Willis 57—Gray Manual, Ed. I. 430. 

This is the characteristic pine of the Middle district, especially 
in West Jersey, where it often forms dense patches of woodland.* 
It enters the Pine Barrens below Mays Landing and at Ham- 
monton, apparently following the Batsto River and Egg Harbor 
River from the coast, where it is now very rare or absent. 
Mr. William T. Davis has also sent me a specimen from S. 
Lakehurst, but states that this locality is not typical Pine Barrens. 
To the northward it occurs at several stations just beyond our 
limits. As both P. echinata and P. rigida occur occasionally in 
the Middle district, it is: possible to find all three growing side by 
side, as I have done at Medford, when their differences are 
rendered particularly striking. 

Fl.—Late April to mid-May. Cones mature in autumn of the 
second season, and persist for several years. 

Middle District—Kinkora, Beverly, Arcola, Arney’s Mt. (S), Pemberton 
(C), Springdale (S), Washington Park, Westville (UP), Mickleton, Swedes- 


boro, Albion, Bridgeton. 
_ Pine Barrens—Hammonton (Bassett), Mays Landing (S), S. Lakehurst 


(S), (from Wm. T. Davis). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


Pinus echinata Mill. Short-leaved Pine, Yellow Pine. 


Pl. III, Figs. r and 2. Pl. IV, Figs. 7 and 8. 


Pinus echinata Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8. No. 12. 1768. [Virginia] —Britton 


301. 
Pinus mitis Knieskern 29—Willis 57.—-Gray Man. Ed. I. 440. 


This species, while perhaps more plentiful in the Pine Barrens, 
occurs frequently in the Middle district as well as at South Am- 
boy and in the Cape May peninsula. In some places, as at 
Brown’s Mills, West Creek, Chatsworth, etc., it forms consider- 


able groves. 
*In the “Tree Book” Miss Julia E. Rogers states that this is the pine of 


the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Where she received this quite erroneous im- 
pression, unless from the popular name of the species, I cannot imagine. 


148 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Early May to late May. Cones mature in late summer of 
the second season and persist for several years. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Allaire, New Egypt (C), Arney’s Mt. (S), 
Brown’s Mills, Medford (S), Lindenwold, Mickleton (KB), Clementon (S), 
Albion, Swedesboro, Centerton (S), Bridgeton (NB), Fairton (NB), Buck- 
shutem. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Barnegat, Manahawkin, Inskip, Winslow 
Jnc., Hammonton (C), Quaker Bridge (S), Pleasant Mills, Mays Landing 
(S). ; 

Cape May—W. of Court House. 


Pinus rigida Mill. Pitch Pine. 
Pl. IL, Figs. 1 and 2. Pl. IV., Figs. 3 and 4. 


Pinus rigida Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, No. lo. 1768 [Virginia].—Knieskern 
29.—Britton 300. 

This is the common pine of the Pine Barrens. It occurs here 
and there in the North and Middle districts and there is a con- 
siderable grove on Absecon Beach, below Atlantic City. On the 
other island beaches, however, it is absent or very rare. 

‘The Pitch Pine is the Pine of the New Jersey Barrens, and 
is largely restricted to them. Where a slight elevation of the 
sandy plain makes it possible for one to look out over the sur- 
rounding country, the pines extend in an unbroken sea of green 
clear to the horizon, and where it is only possible to see straight 
ahead they line the white, sandy trail with a green barrier on 
either side, stretching away until they seem to join together, 
and swallow it up. In some places the pines reach a height of 
sixty feet and grow comparatively close together with bare 
trunks; again they are shorter, and scattered here and there over 
the white, shining sand, with branches all the way to the base; 
and on the so-called plains they are dwarfed and stunted with 
round boles half buried in the coarse sand and gravel, and 
prostrate branches seldom rising higher than a man’s knee. 

The pines lend a charm to this desolate country. In winter, 
when the wind is sighing through their branches and patches 
of snow here and there add to the whiteness of the sand, their 
evergreen foliage seems to warm the landscape, and their thick 
wall of branches offer shelter from the storm; and in summer 
the air of the pine land, rich with its resinous odor, seems dry, 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 149 


clear and refreshing as compared with the humidity of the Dela- 
ware River country. 

At all seasons there is a peculiar restfulness in these quiet 
stretches, over which the pines stand as silent sentinels. 

And as day closes, and we pitch our camp among them, we 
see the light fading from their topmost branches, and the shadows 
deepening beneath them, while the dark limbs seem to stretch 
out and take the whole earth in their sheltering embrace. 

Portions of the pine lands have been cut over again and again 
for charcoal, while fire rages through them year after year, and 
‘probably little absolutely virgin timber remains, but they seem 
to hold their own, and it is a frequent sight to see young pines 
coming up all over some deserted clearing. In some places, 
where the soil is perhaps richer, nearly solid oak woods have 
grown up where the pines have been cut, making a dense, almost 
impenetrable thicket, but it is a question whether even here the 
pines do not eventually prevail again. The opinions of natives 
on these points are often curiously at variance, and there is not 
as much reliable data on the subject as might be desired. The 
State reports, however, contain a great deal of information, 
especially the Forestry Reports appended to the Annual Report 
of the State Geologist for 1898 and 1899. 


Fl.—Early May to late May. Cones mature in autumn of the 
second season and persist for quite a number of years. 


Middle District—Atlantic Heights (UP), Farmingdale (S), New Egypt, 
Arneys Mt. (S), Medford (S), Glassboro, Swedesboro, 

Pine Barrens —Landisville, West of Batsto, Cedar Bridge (UP), Egg Har- 
bor City (UP). 

Coast Sirip—Seaside Park (Ha), Sherburn’s (L), Tuckerton, Barnegat 
City (L), Atlantic City (S), Piermont (S). 

Cape May.—Cape May Pt. 


Pinus serotina Michx. Pond Pine. 


Pl. IIL, Fig. 4. Pl. IV., Fig. 2. 
Pinus serotina Michaux, F. Bor. Am. II. 205. 1803 [Cypress swamps of 
Carolina and Pennsylvania]—Long, Bartonia II., 17, 1910. 
This southern species was first detected in New Jersey by 
Mt. Charles D. Lippincott, who many years ago recognized 
several trees growing near his home at Swedesboro as differing 


150 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


materially from the familiar Pitch Pine, though Mr. Bayard 
Long, who visited the locality in 1909, was the first to identify 
them. 

Almost simultaneously, Mr. O. H. Brown sent to the writer 
specimens from a tree at Town Bank, Cape May County, which 
seemed to him to differ from Pinus rigida, and they also proved 
to belong to the present species. Prior to this the Pond Pine 
was not known to occur north of Virginia. It will doubtless be 
found at other points in southwestern New Jersey. 

Dr. John K. Small, of the New York Botanic Garden, kindly 
verified the identification of the Swedesboro trees. 


Middle District—Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Town Bank. 


Pinus teda L. Old-field Pine. 
PL IL, Figs. 3 and 4. Pl. IV., Fig. 1. 

Pinus Teda Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1000. 1753 [Virginia]_—Keller and Brown 19.— 
Taylor, Torreya 1909, 205.—Pinchot, Garden and Forest, May 19, 1807— 
Hollick, Plant World I., No. 2, Nov., 1897—Hollick, The Forester III, 
12, 1897.—Gifford, The Forester III., 6, June 1, 1897,—Long, Bartonia II., 
17, IQIO. 

The Old Field Pine was first discovered in New Jersey by 
Mr. Gifford Pinchot, early in 1897, at Town Bank, Cape May 
County. Later in the same year Dr. Arthur Hollick made an 
unsuccessful effort to locate Mr. Pinchot’s tree, but discovered 
another near Cold Spring School-house. Mr. O. H. Brown has* 
subsequently discovered several others in the same neighbor- 
hood from which I have collected specimens. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June. Cones mature in autumn or 
winter of the second season and persist for a single season only. 


Cape May.—Cold Spring, Dias Creek. 


TSUGA Carriere. 
Tsuga canadensis (L.). Hemlock. 


Pinus canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 1421. 1763 [Virginia]. 
Abies canadensis Knieskern 209. 
Tsuga canadensis Britton 301. 

The Hemlock, a characteristic tree of the mountains of north- 
ern New Jersey, is only a straggler within our limits, occuring 
at some half-dozen stations in the Middle District. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 151 


Fl.—Mid-May to late May. Cones mature in early autumn 
of the first season and persist, in part at least, until the following 
spring. 

Middle District—Crosswicks Creek above New Egypt (NB), Bordentown, 


Burlington (C), Vincentown (NB), Swedesboro (KB), Sharpstown, Little 
Timber Creek near Gloucester (P). 


TAXODIUM L. C. Rich. 
Taxodium distichum (L.) Bald Cypress. 


Cupressus disticha Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1003. 1753 [Virginia and Carolina].— 
Beck, Bot. 338, 1833—Gray, Manual Ed. 1, 443, 1848.—Hollick, Rep, on 
Forests, 181, 1900. 

Upon what evidence the Cypress was credited to New Jersey 
by Beck and Gray I am unable to say, but more recent works 
have pretty generally excluded our State from its range, or 
added it with doubt. Search for it in the swamps of South 
Jersey failed until Mr. H. Walker Hand pointed out a single tree 
on the edge of Sluice Creek, not far from Dennisville, and in- 
formed me of another that formerly grew further down the 
stream toward the bay. The suggestion has been made that these 
trees were brought from farther south and planted here, but we 
can find no positive evidence of this, while very old residents 
remember them as being large trees in their youth. The locality 
is peculiarly suitable for Cypress, and, judging by the number 
of southern plants that have been discovered on the bay side of 
Cape May County, the occurrence of the Cypress is by no means 
remarkable. Dr. Arthur Hollick mentions several trees on the 
salt marsh near Newark, north of our limits, which were also 
alleged to have been introduced, but proof of the fact was not 
obtainable, while conditions were just such as prevail in the 
natural habitat of the species. This is the only other occurrence 
of the tree in an apparently natural condition in the State. 

Cones.—Immature August 6. 


Cape May.—-S. Dennis. 
CHAMAECYPARIS Spach. 
Chameecyparis thyoides (L.). White Cedar. 


Cupressus thyoides Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 1003. 1753 [Canada].—Muhlenberg Cat. 
89.—Knieskern 29.—Willis 58.—Britton 299. 


152 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Next to the Pitch Pine, this is the most characteristic tree 
of the Pine Barrens, following the courses of all the streams 
and spreading out in many places to form immense cedar swamps. 
Outside of the Pine Barrens, it occurs casually in the Middle dis- 
trict, the Cape May peninsula and in the counties just north of 
our limits, while a colony is also reported from the shore of 
Greenwood Lake. 

In the primeval Cedar Swamps the straight trunks rise on 
every side like telegraph poles, which many of them resemble 
both in height and diameter. Their roots are covered with 
masses of wet Sphagnum moss, and numerous shrubs and herbs 
more or less peculiar to these dark retreats abound. The tops are 
closely interlaced in a dense canopy which nearly excludes the 
sunlight, and where one has an opportunity of surveying the 
landscape the courses of the streams can always be traced by the 
dark blue-green lines of pointed cedar tops which stand out 
against the lighter green background of the pines. The bluish 
berry-like cones, when still covered with the whitish bloom that 
marks their early stages of growth, are sometimes very conspic- 
uous as the light strikes them, and I recall one occasion in partic- 
ular on the eve of a heavy thunder storm, when the edge of a ecdar 
swamp stood out in relief against an almost black sky and the 
masses of fruit on the topmost branches shown in the peculiar 
clear light with the gleam of silver against the deep-green foli- 
age. Unfortunately the portable saw-mill is sounding the doom 
of the Cedar Swamps, and piles of yellow sawdust now mark 
many a site where a few years ago stretched one of these dark 
retreats. If fire can be kept out and draining discouraged, the 
cedars will probably grow again; indeed in some swamps that 
have been completely burned over the young cedars, after a lapse 
of a few years, may be seen rising everywhere among the bare 
poles left by the flames. Draining or damming for cranberry © 
bogs proves fatal to them, however, and many of the old swamps 
are probably gone forever. 

* Fl.—Early April to mid-April. Cones mature in late summer 
of the first season and persist for a year at least. 


Middle District—Camden, Sicklerville (S), Glassboro, Swedesboro, Cen- 
terton (S), Beaver Dam (S), Dividing Creek. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 153 


Pine Barrens.—Pt. Pleasant, Manchester (NB), Albion, Clementon, Ware- 
town, Forked River. 


Coast Strip.—Seaside Park (S). 


JUNIPERUS L. 
Juniperus virginiana L.* Red Cedar. 


Juniperus virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1039. 1753 [Virginia]_—Kalm, Travels 
360.—Knieskern 29.—Britton 300. 

A common tree in dry sandy localities in northern New Jersey 
and in the Middle district, the Red Cedar is particularly char- 
acteristic of the coastal strip and the coast islands, and nowhere 
have I seen it fruit more abundantly. In the Pine Barrens it is 
found only in cultivated areas, where it has been obviously intro- 
duced. 

Fl.—Mid-March to early April with the first warm spring 
days, from buds formed the previous summer. Fruit matures in 
early autumn, persisting more or less through the winter. 

Middle District—Navesink Highlands (UP), Birmingham, Albion, Had- 
donfield (UP), Sharpstown, Beaver Dam (S). 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park (Ha), Forked River, Surf City (L), Ship Bot- 
tom (L,), St. Albans (L), Barnegat City (L), Atlantic City ($), Palermo, 


Mays Landing (S), Anglesea (UP). 
Cape May—South Dennis (S), Goshen (S), Court House, Cape May. 


Class ANGIOSPERMA. 
Sub-class MONOCOTYLEDONES. 


Key to the Genera. 
(Except Graminee and Cyperacee q. v.) 


a. Flowers inclosed or spikes of flowers surrounded by inbricated husk-like 
scales (glumes); plants grass-like. 

b. Stems hollow, round or flattened, anthers attached by the middle. 
Graminee, p. 174 

bb. Stems solid, more or less triangular, anthers attached at the base. 
Cyperacee, p. 246 
* While the Juniper (J. communis Linn, Sp. Pl. 1040. 1753.—N. Europe) 
is found at several localities in the northern counties, its claim to a place in 
this list is based solely upon Torrey’s statement to Willis, that it is found 

rarely in Monmouth Co. I have seen no specimen. 


154 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


aa. Flowers not inclosed, in husk-like glumes. : 
b. Aquatic plants, entirely submerged or with some of the leaves float- 
ing on the surface. 
c. Plant a minute floating disc with several roots below or a 
minute floating globule. Lemnacea@, p. 318 
cc. Stems branched and leafy, leaves long and grass-like or ovate. 
d. Flowers inconspicuous, axillary or in short spikes. 
Najadacee, p. 160 
dd. Flowers star-like, yellow, raised above the surface on 
slender pedicels. Heteranthera dubia, p. 327 
cec. Stems mostly simple, leaves short, linear, whorled. 
Philotria, p. 173 
cecc. All leaves from the root, long and ribbon-like, flowers on sepa- 
rate thread-like scapes. Vallisneria, p. 173 
cecec. Leaves basal in an erect tuft, lanceolate, flat or awl-shaped, 
flowers projecting above the surface. 
d. Flowers showy, white, in a spike remotely whorled. 
Sagittaria, p. 169 
dd. Flowers minute, forming a compact button-like head. 
Eriocaulon, p. 323 
bb. Erect plants, growing in water, swamps or dry ground. — 
c. Flowers regular. 
d. Leaves whorled or palmately divided. 
e. Leaves in one whorl of three, flowers solitary. 
; Trillium, p. 350 
ee. Leaves in two whorls of more than three, flowers 
several. Medeola, p. 350 
eee: Leaves in many whorls, flowers large, red or orange. 
Lilium, p. 345 
eeee. Leaves one or two, palmately divided. 
Arisema, p. 314 
dd. Leaves not whorled or palmately divided. Py 
e. Leaves all radical. 
f. Leaves sagittate. 
g. Flowers white, in a remotely whorled 
spike. Sagittaria, p. 169 
gg. Flowers blue, in a compact spike. 
Pontederia, p. 327 
ggg. Flowers minute, on a fleshy spadix, in- 
cased in a convolute spathe. 
Peltandra, p. 315. 
ff. Leaves oval, ovate, etc. (at least 25 mm. wide). 
g. Leaves numerous. 
h. Flowers minute, on a fleshy spadix, 
no parianth. 

i. Spadix covered by a hood-like 
spathe, appearing before the 
large cabbage-like leaves. 

Spathyema, p. 316 


PLANT'S OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 155 


ii, Spadix naked, bright yellow, 
raised above the water on a 
thick scape, leaves usually float- 


ing. Orontium, p. 317 
hh. Flowers with a perianth, mostly 
showy. 


i. Flowers in a large whorled pan- 
icle, small, white. 
Alisma, p. 168 
ii. Flowers in a remotely whorled 
spike, large, white. 
Sagittaria, p. 169 
ii. Flowers in a dense spike, lilac 
with blue anthers. 
Helonias, p. 340 
gg. Leaves only two. 
h. Flowers single, lily-like, yellow, 
leaves spotted. Erythronium, p. 346 
hh, Flowers white, in an umbel, plant 
garlic scented, leaves absent at 
flowering time. 
Allium tricoccum, p. 344 
fff. Leaves grass-like or long linear (never as 
much as 25 mm. wide). 
g. Flowers in a remotely whorled spike or 
an umbel. Alismacee, p. 168 
gg. Flowers in a slender continuous spike. 
h. Leaves slender, grass-like, erect, 
flowers minute (spike resembling 
that of a plantain). 
Triglochin, p. 166 
hh. Leaves lanceolate spatulate, form- 
ing a rosette, flowers white, bell- 
shaped, mealy. Aletris, p. 347 
ggg. Flowers in a globular compact head. 
h. Head white, button-like, flowers 
minute. Eriocaulon, p. 323 
hh. Head of imbricated brown scales, 
flowers protruding, conspicuous, 
yellow. : Xyris, p. 319 
gegg. Flowers conspicuous, star-shaped, in an 
open panicle. 
h. Flowers white, leaves glabrous. 
[Ornithogalum umbellatum]* 
hh. Flowers yellow, leaves hairy. 
Hypoxis, p. 355 


* Star-of-Bethlehem, introducer in meadows. 


156 


REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


- ggggg. Flowers inconspicuous, in an open pani- 
cle, scattered singly or clustered in 
heads (panicle sometimes congested), 
green or brownish. Leaves grass-like 
or awl-shaped and whole plant resem- 
bling a sedge. Juncacea, p. 328 

ee. Leaves cauline. 
f. Leaves oval, ovate, etc. (at least 25 mm. wide). 
g. Flowers green, in a large open panicle. 
Veratrum, p. 342 
gg. Flowers white, small, star-shaped. 
h. In a dense slender spike. 
Chamelirium, p. 341 
hh, In a compact terminal panicle. 


i, Parts in six. Vagnera, p. 348 
it. Parts in four Unifolium, p. 349 

ggg. Flowers white or yellow, bell-shaped. 
h. Single yellow. Uvularia, p. 343 


hh. In umbels, white Polygonatum, p. 349 
ff. Leaves sagittate, flowers blue. 
Pontederia, p. 327 
fff. Leaves uniform, flowers small, from a leafy 
spathe. Heteranthera reniformis, p. 327 
ffff. Leaves grass-like or long linear, sword-like 
(never as much as 25 mm. wide). 
g. Flowers without a perianth, very minute. 
h. Flowers in dense terminal spikes 


(cattails). Typha, p. 158 
hh, Flowers globular umbels of stamens 
or pistils. '  Sparganium, p. 159 


hhh. Flowers in a slender dense spike 
(a spadix) on the side of a flat leafy 
scape. Acorus, p. 317 
gg. Flowers with conspicuous perianth. 
h, Flowers in a spike. 
i. Yellow with chaffy bracts. 
Abama, p. 338 
uu. White or greenish-white. 
j. Stem glutinous. 
Tofieldia, p. 337 
jf. Stem not glutinous. 
k. Leaves grass-like, harsh, 
in a dense tuft. 
Xerophyllum, p. 339 
kk. Leaves linear, 18 mm. 
broad, smooth. | 
Chrosperma, p. 341 
hh, Flowers in an umbel or solitary. 
i. Sepals green, petals blue. 
Tradescantia, p. 325 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 157 


ui. Sepals blue, like the petals. 
Iridace@, p. 358 
iti. Flowers whitish or purple, odor 
of garlic. Allium, p. 344 
hhh. Flowers in large open panicle or 
branched spike. Melanthium, p. 342 
or Zygadenus, p. 342 
hhhh, Flowers in a moderate panicle; 
flowers white, woolly. 
Lophiola and Gyrotheca, pp. 355, 354 
ggg. Flowers with inconspicuous  perianth, 
green or brownish, in an open (or con- 
gested) panicle; scattered singly or clus- 
tered in heads. Leaves grass-like or awl- 
shaped, and whole plant resembling a 
sedge. 
Juncus and Scheuchzeria, pp. 328, 167 
cc. Flowers irregular. 
d. Flowers slightly irregular, lateral petals larger than lower 
one. Included in a folded leaf-like bract. Stamens three. 
Commelina, p. 326 
dd. Flowers markedly irregular, lower petal modified into a 
more or less elaborate lip, lateral petals much smaller, 
sepals slender and alike. Orchidaceae, p. 361 
bbb. Vines (or upright herbs with tenrils), flowers greenish. 
c. Flowers in umbels, stems often woody and armed with spines, 
fruit a berry. Smilax, p. 351 
cc. Flowers in panicles or recemes, fruit winged. Dioscorea, p. 357 


' 


Order PANDANALES. 


Comprises the Cat-tails and Bur-reeds. The former mainly 
restricted to the coast and river marshes, the latter to inland or 
coast swamps and streams. 


Family TYPHACEA.  Cat-tails. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves often nearly or quite an inch in width, staminate and pistillate 
portions of the spike contiguous, the former soon withering, but its stalk 
remaining at the end of the pistillate spike. Typha latifolia, p. 158 

aa. Leaves not over half an inch in width, staminate spike separated by a 
short intervals from the pistillate. T. angustifolia, p. 158 


158 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


TYPHA L. 
Typha latifolia L. Broad-leaved Cat-tail. 
Typha latifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 971. 1753 [Europe].—Muhlenberg Graminez 

213.—Knieskern 30.—Britton 251. 

Swamps along the coast or borders of rivers and less fre- 
quently in isolated swamps in the interior; rare in the Pine 
Barrens, where it always seems to spring up in burned swamps, 
or excavations, usually disappearing later. 

Fi.—Mid-June to late June. Fr.—Mid-July to late August.“ 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Swedesboro, Mickleton (H). 

Coast Strip—Forked River, Beach Haven Terrace (L). 


Pine Barrens——Wildwood, Egg Harbor City. 
Cape May.—S. Dennis (S), Goshen (S$). 


Typha angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved or Coast Cat-tail. 


Typha angustifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 971. 1753 [Europe].—Muhlenberg 
Graminee 213—Knieskern 30.—Barton II. 149.—Britton 252. 

Distribution similar to the last, but much more plentiful along 
salt or brackish water and rare in the northern counties. 

The Coast Cat-tail cover large areas of coastal and river marsh, 
forming safe retreat and shelter for many swamp-loving birds. 
Sometimes the growth is almost pure, in other places it is mixed 
with the Broad-leaved Cat-tail, or skirted by Rose Mallow, Wild 
Rice, etc., while here and there patches of Reed (Phragmites) are 
interspersed. 

In summer the slender, erect, green leaves swaying in unison, | 
rank upon rank, seem to be constantly. changing their tone as. 
they. reflect the light and shadows from the sun and the passing 
clouds, while the effect produced by a stray breeze is like great 
billows traversing a broad green sea. In winter the yellow stalks 
and dry leaves rattling in the bleak wind still furnish shelter for 
the birds and present a warm spot in the otherwise dreary land- 
scape. And with every attempt to push one’s way through them 
clouds of the downy seeds are dislodged and go whirling away 
on the wind or cover the intruder until he appears literally 
“tarred and feathered.” 

Fl.—Early June to mid-June. Fr.—Mid-July to late August. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 19 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Gloucester 
(UP), Beaver Dam. : 


Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Sea Girt (UP), Como (UP), Pt. Pleasant, 
Seaside Park (UP), N. Beach Haven (L,), Holgate’s (L), Sherburn’s (L), 
Anglesea, Wildwood, Pleasant Mills. 


Cape May.—S. Dennis (S), Sluice Creek (S), Cape May (S). 
Family SPARIGANIACEA.  Bur-reeds. 


Flowering and Fruiting Data.—The time of fruiting indicates 
the season of fully developed intact fruiting heads. The Flowers 
appear in June and July. 


SPARGANIUM L. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Individual seeds sessile in the head. S. eurycarpum, p. 159 
aa. Individual seeds stalked in the head. 

b. Inflorescence, simple. S. americanum, p. 159 

bb, Inflorescence, branched, S. a. androcladum, p. 160 


Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. Large Bur-reed. 


Sparganium eurycarpum Engelmann, in Gray’s Manual Ed. 2. 430. 1856 
[U. S. northward and westward].—Britton 252. 
Sparganium ramosum Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 149. 1818. 
Northern counties, extending casually to the Middle district in 
swamps along the Delaware and coast. 
Fl.—June and July. Fr—Mid-July to mid-September. 
Middle District—Delair, Camden. 
Coast Strip—Lake Como. 


Sparganium americanum Nutt. Slender Bur-reed. 
Spargani americ Nuttall, Gen. IT. 203. 1818 [Vicinity of Phila- 
delphia]. 

Swamps in the Pine Barrens, possibly more widely distributed. 

Fl.—June-July. Fr—lLate July to late September. 

While often erect, as is usual with the succeeding, this form 
is often found floating in the more rapid Pine Barren streams, 
the leaves being considerably elongated, but not as markedly so 
as in S. fluctuans of the north. 


Pine Barrens.—Forked River, Bamber, Tuckerton, Parkdale (S), Bear 
Swamp (S), Clementon. 


160 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Sparganium americanum androcladum (Engelm.). Branching Bur-reed. 


Sparganium simplex var androcladum Engelmann, in Gray’s Manual Ed. 5. 
481. 1867 [N. England southward especially westward]. 

Sparganium simplex Knieskern 30—Barton II. 149. 
Sparganium androcladum Britton 252. 

In swamps common throughout, except in the Pine Barrens, 
where it is largely replaced by the preceding. 

Fl.—June, July. Fr—Mid-July to late September. 

Middle District—Toms River (P), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Kinkora 
(NY), Tomlin (S), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Parkdale, Bear Swamp (S), Cedar Brook, Clementon (S$), 


Winslow (S), Landisville, Twelfth St, Egg Harbor City, Manumuskin (S). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Order NAJADALES. 


Floating or erect aquatic or swamp plants, including the Pond 
weeds, Arrow-heads, etc., generally distributed throughout our 
region. 


Family NAJADACEA‘. Pondweeds, Etc. 


The Pondweeds occur in most of the ponds and streams of 
our region often mingled in great masses with Utricularias, 
Ceratophyllum and other water plants. Most of the species can 
be recognized by the oval floating leaves, so different from the 
thin, usually grass-like submerged foliage, but others are entirely 
submerged and only to be identified by their fruit or minute 
flowers. The eel grass of the coast is a rather distinct and 
familiar species. 

Flowering and Fruiting Data.—Dates indicate period of ma- 
ture fruit. Flowers appear in late spring through the summer. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Stem and leaves very slender, capillary or linear, 
b. Fruit, 2-6 in a cluster, sessile or slightly pedicelled, 2-4 mm. long, 
slender, curved and beaked. Leaves 25-75 mm. long. 
Zanichellia palustris, p. 165 
bb. Fruit, 5-7 in an umbel on a pedicel, often spirally twisted; 2 mm. 
long, ovoid, beaked. Leaves 25-75 mm. long. 


Ruppia maritima, p. 165 
bbb. Fruit, solitary, sessile, ellipsoid. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 161 


c. Leaves crowded on the branches 12-25 mm, long. 1-2 mm. wide. 
Najas flexilis, p. 165 
cc. Leaves capillary opposite or in whorls 12-so mm. long. 
Najas gracillima, p. 166 
bbbb. Fruit sessile in a cluster or short spike borne on a common peduncle 
or rarely sessile. 
c. Stem much branched above, the branches continually forking; 
fruits smooth and plump, in an elongated spike. 
d, Fruit 2-3 mm. long in a compact spike. 
Ptamogeton confervoides, p. 163 
dd, Fruit 3-4 mm. long in an interrupted spike, in whorls. 
; ; P. pectinatus, p. 164 
cc. Stem densely dichotomously branched above. 
d. Fruit smooth and plump, in a cluster of 3-10, about 2 mm. 
long. P. pusillus, p. 164 
dd. Fruit flattened with a prominent spiral ridge on the side 
(sometimes with oval floating leaves and pedicelled spikes 
projecting from the surface). 
e. Submerged spikes sessile, I-10 fruited, fruit less than 
2 mm. in diameter. P. dimorphus, p. 164 
ee. Submerged spikes, short pedicelled, 1 mm. in diameter. 
P. diversifolius, p. 164 
aa. Leaves ovate, elliptical or oblong lanceolate. Fruits in a dense spike, 
supported on a peduncle. 
b. All submerged. 
c. Cordate clasping or perfoliate. P. perfoliatus, p. 163 
cc. Sessile, with margins finely serrulate and crisped. 
[P. crispus]* 
bb. Some leaves floating petioled thicker and more curiaceous than the 
thin submerged leaves. 
c. Floating leaves ovate or round ovate, 50-10030-50 mm. 
d. Submerged leaves large elliptic. P. amplifolius, p. 162 
dd. Submerged leaves lanceolate, acuminate. P. pulcher, p. 162 
cc. Floating leaves 12-30 mm. wide. Elliptic or obovate. 
d. 25-50 mm.; submerged leaves capillary, root like. 
P. oakesianus, p. 162 
dd. 35-85 mm. long, somewhat obovate, obtuse; submerged 
leaves linear, closely ranked, 5-15 cm. long. 
P. epihydrus, p. 162 
ddd. 50-150 mm. long, pointed at each end; submerged leaves lan- 
ceolate acuminate 10-30 cm. long. P. americanus, p. 163 
ccc. Floating leaves elliptic obtuse, not over 25X12 mm., usually one- 
third less. Submerged leaves narrowly linear grass-like. 
d. Submerged fruit clusters sessile. P. dimorphus, p. 164 
dd. Submerged fruit spikes short pedicelled. 
P. diversifolius, p. 164 


* Introduced in ponds and ditches. 


TI MUS 


162 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


aaa. Leaves ribbon-like, obtuse at the apex, 3-18 dm. long, 2-8 mm. wide, 
all submerged, branching marine plants from bays, etc., along the coast. 
Zostera marina, p. 166 


POTAMOGETON L. 
Potamogeton oakeslanus Robbins.* Oakes’ Pondweed. 


Potamogeton oakesianus Robbins, in Gray’s Manual, Ed. 5. 485. 1867 [Eastern 
Massachusetts]_—Gross, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XI. 32. 1884.—Britton 
257.—Keller and Brown 22. 

Ponds in the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula and at 

Tenafly, Bergen Co. (Britton) ; apparently rare. 

Fr—Apparently mid-July to mid-September. 
Pine Barrens—Browns Mills (NB), Hospitality Br. 12th St. Estelville 


(NB), Folsom, Mays Landing (T). 
Cape May.—Dennisville (OHB), Town Bank (OHB). 


Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerm. Leafy Pondweed. 


Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerman, Am. Jour. Sci. (IL) 6. 225. 1848 
(Cambridge, Mass.].—Britton 257.—Keller and Brown 22. 
Ponds and rivers of northern New Jersey extending into the 
Middle district along the Delaware. 


Middle District—Cooper’s Creek, Burlington. 


Potamogeton pulcher Tuckerm. Spotted Pondweed. 


Potamogeton pulcher Tuckerman, Am. Jour. Sci. XLV. 38. 1843 [Medford 
and Stoneham, Mass.].—Willis 60.—Britton 257—Keller and Brown 22. 


Ponds and streams of the Middle and Coast districts to Cape 
May. 
F'r.—Late June to late July (apparently). 


Middle District—Repaupo, Center Square, Elmer (P). 
Coast Strip—Toms River (C), Atlantic City, Anglesea. 
Cape May.—Cape May, Cold Spring. 


Potamogeton epihydrus Raf. Nuttall’s Pondweed. 


Potamogeton epihydrus Rafinesque, Med. Repos. II. 5. 354. 1808. [Can- 
ada]. 

Potamogeton Pennsylvanicus Britton 257. 

Potamogeton nuttallit Keller and Brown 22. 


*P. natans, reported as common throughout by Britton and by Keller & 
Brown, I have been unable to find in southern New Jersey, nor have I seen 
specimens from within our limits. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 163 


Ponds and streams throughout the State, the commonest large- 
leaved Pondweed of our region. 

Fr.—tate June to early September. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Vincentown (NB), Kirkwood (Bassett), 
Paulsboro, Buckshutem, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens——Bamber, Quaker Bridge, Clementon. 


Coast Strip—Long Branch, Manasquan (NB), Forked River, Manahawkin. 
Cape May.—Cape May (OHB), Cold Spring. 


Potamogeton americanus Cham. and Schlecht.* Long-leaved Pondweed. 


Potamogeton americanus Chamisso and Schlechtendahl, Linnea II. 226. 1827 
[Carolina]. 

Potamogeton fluitans Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 120. 1814.—Britton 257. 

Potamogeton lonchitis Keller and Brown 22. 


Northern counties and Middle district, not very common. 
Middle District—New Egypt (NY), Repaupo, Swedesboro, Salem (C). 


Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Clasping-leaved Pondweed. 
Potamogeton perfoliatus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 126. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 258. 


Reported as occurring in ponds throughout the State, but we 
have no evidence of its presence in the Pine Barrens. 


Fr.—Well matured September 17. 


Middle District—Westville. 
Coast Strip—Bayhead (McKenzie), Island Heights Jnc. Silver Lake near 
Belmar, Takanassee Lake (Elberon?) (UP). 


Potamogeton confervoides Reichb. Alga-like Pondweed. 


Potamogeton confervoides Reichenbach, Ic. Fl. Germ. and Helv. VII. 13. 
1845 [Allegheny Mts.].—Keller and Brown 23. 
Potamogeton tuckermani Willis 60—Britton 258. 


Restricted to ponds and streams in the Pine Barrens and does 
not occur in New Jersey north of our limits. 

Fr.—tLate June into September. 

Pine Barrens—tToms River, Browns Mills, Bamber, Island Heights Jnc., 


Forked River, Ten miles W. of Atlantic City, Absecon (P), Tuckerton, Atco, 
Landisville (T), Malaga (P), Hammonton, Atsion (C), Pleasant Mills, 


Spring Garden (UP). 


* P. heterophyllus Schreb. seems to be restricted to the northern part of the 
State. One non-fruiting specimen from the Batsto river collected Sept. 14, 
1861, by Wm. Wynne Wister, and now in the Philadelphia Academy her- 
barium, has been referred to this species, but it cannot be identified with 
certainty. 


164 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Potamogeton pusillus L.* Small Pondweed. 
Potamogeton pusillum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 127. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 258. 
Similar situations to the next, but apparently less common. 


Middle District—Kaighns Pt. (NB), Swedesboro, Woodstown. 
Cape May—Cape May Pt. (OHB). 


Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. Rafinesque’s Pondweed. 


Potamogeton diversifolius Rafinesque, Med. Repos. (II.) V. 354. 1808 
[Carolina].—Barton, Flor. Phil. 96, 1818—Torrey, Flor. U. S. I. 197. 
1824.—Brown and Keller 23. 

Potamogeton setaceum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 120, 1814. 

Potamogeton hybridus Britton 257. 


Ponds and streams throughout the State except in the Pine 
Barrens. 

Fr.—Early July into September. 

Middle District—Ocean Grove (UP), Delanco, Brown’s Mills (UP). Cen- 
ter Square, Landisville. 


Coast Strip.—Manahawkin. 
Cape May.—Dennisville (OHB), Bennett, Cape May (OHB). 


Potamogeton dimorphus Raf. Spiral Pondweed. 


Potamogeton dimorphus Rafinesque, Am. Mo. Mag. I. 358. 1817 [Pennsyl- 
vania]. 
Potamogeton spirillus Britton 257Keller and Brown 23. 


Northern New Jersey, extending into the Middle district along 
the Delaware river. 
Fr.—Late June into August. 


Middle District—Fish House, Westville (KB). 


Potamogeton pectinatus L. Fennel-leaved Pondweed. 


Potamogeton pectinatus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 127. 1753 [Europe].—Torrey, Fl. 
U.S. I. 198, 1824.—Britton 258. 


* The Woodstown specimen referred to by Keller and Brown as P. foliosus 
proves to be P. pusillus. 


+ We find no evidence of the occurrence of P. robbinsii within the limits of 
our list, although it occurs in the northern counties. P. pectinatus is given 
as occurring in Monmouth Co. in Willis’ Catalogue on Torrey’s authority, 
but there is no specimen from this locality extant. The records given for the 
two species by Keller and Brown at Island Heights and Pleasant Mills, respec- 
tively, are based upon specimens in the Academy herbarium, which prove to 
be P. confervoides. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 165 


Northern counties, and rare southward along the coast. 
Coast Strip—tIsland Heights (NY), Sherburn’s (L), Long Beach. 


RUPPIA L. 
Ruppia maritima L. Ruppia. 
Ruppia maritima Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 127. 1753 [Coast of Europe].—Knieskern 
30.—Willis 59.—Beck’s Bot. 385, 1833.—Britton 259.—Keller and Brown 
23. 

Frequent in bays and pools along the coast. Its occurrence on 
the Delaware Bay shore is probable, but not substantiated by 
specimens. 

Fr.—Mid-July to mid-October. 

Maritime.—Deal Beach, Seaside Park (Ha), 7 Heights, Half Way 
House south of Bond’s (L), St. Albans (I,), Anchoring Island (L,), Atlantic 
City, Somer’s Point, Stone Harbor, Cold Spring, Cape May Pt., Cape May 


(P). 
ZANNICHELLIA L. 


Zannichellia palustris L, Zannichelia. 


Zannichellia palustris Linneeus, Sp. Pl. 969. 1753 [Europe and Virginia].— 
Britton 259.—Keller and Brown 24. 

In 1889 this plant was known only from a locality in Bergen 
County. In 1896 it was discovered at Forked River by Mr. 
Albrecht Jahn and other members of the Philadelphia Botanical 
Club, and later Mr. Bayard Long extended its range southward 
to Long Beach. Mr. Stewardson Brown tells me that he is sure 
that he found it in the Manasquan River at Point Pleasant, about 
1885, but no specimens are preserved. 

Fr. —Early June to mid-October. 

Coast Strip—Forked River, Beach Haven (L,), Holgate’s (L), Sherburn’s 


(L). 
NAJAS L. 


Najas flexilis (Willd.). Water Nymph. 
Caulinia flexilis Willdenow, Mem. Acad. Berl. 1798:89 (1801) [Pennsyl- 


vania]. 
Naias flexilis Britton 259. 


Lakes and ponds frequent in the northern counties and extend- 
ing as a rare species into the Middle and upper coast districts, 
but apparently absent from the Pine Barrens. 

Fr.—August and September (at least). 


166 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Camden, mouth of Cooper’s Creek (UP). Westville, 
Repaupo (H), Mickleton (H), Salem. 
Coast Strip.—Takanassee Lake (Elberon?) (UP), Silver Lake, Belmar. 


Najas gracillima (A. Br.). Slender Water Nymph. 


Nais Indica var. gracillima “A. Br.” Engelm. in A. Gray Man., Ed. 5. 681. 
1867 [Albany, N. Y., Woburn, Mass., and Missouri].—Britton 259. 


Apparently restricted to ponds and creeks of western New 
Jersey. 
Fr.—Mid-July into September. 
Middle District—Delanco, Mouth of Cooper’s Creek, Palatine, Woodstown 
(NB). 
ZOSTERA L. 
Zostera marina L. Eel Grass. 


Zostera marina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 968. 1753 [Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean].— 
Nuttall Genera II. 201, 1818.—Knieskern 30.—Willis 59—Britton 259.— 
Keller an” Brown 24. 

Common in bays all along the coast. Information is lacking 
as to its occurrence on the Delaware Bay shore. The long ribbon- 
like leaves are washed up on the shores of the bays and on the 
salt marshes in large masses, termed “Grass-wrack” by the 
fishermen. Of late years this is carefully dried and shipped to 
manufacturers of glassware, etc., to be used as packing. 

Fl. and Fr.—Seen only during June. 

Maritime.—Seaside Park (S), Spray Beach (L), N. Beach Haven (L), 


Beach Haven Terrace (L), Tucker’s (1), Atlantic City (H), Ocean City 
(S), Cape May (P). 


Family SCHEUCHZERIACE. Arrow-grass, Etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves all basal, flowers in a terminal spike. Triglochin, p. 166 
aa. Leaves scattered on the stem, flowers in a loose raceme. 


Scheuchzeria, p. 167 
TRIGLOCHIN L. 


Triglochin maritima L. Seaside Arrowgrass. 


Triglochin maritima Linneus, Sp. Pl. 339. 1753 [Coast of Europe].—Willis 
60.—Britton 256.—Keller and Brown 24. 7 


Edge of salt marshes in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. I 
am not aware of the exact locality in Monmouth County from 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 167 


which the specimens recorded in Willis’ list came, nor do I know 
the name of their discoverer. 

In July, 1902, however, on an excursion of the Philadelphia 
Botanical Club, Messrs, Van Pelt, Brown and Jahn rediscovered 
this interesting plant at Point Pleasant, on the south side of the 
Manasquan, and this colony is still flourishing. 

Fl.—Probably late spring to autumn. Fr—Early July into 
autumn, often persisting for a full season. 


Maritime.—Pt. Pleasant. 


SCHEUCHZERIA L. 
Scheuchzeria palustris L. Scheuchzeria. 
Scheuchzeria palustris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 338. 1753 [Lapland, Switzerland, 
Borussia and Sweden].—Nuttall Genera I. 236, 1818—Barton, FI. Phila. 
I. 174. 1818.—Britton 256.—Keller and Brown 24. 

This curious little northern bog plant is one of those species 
that, probably forced southward during glacial times, has man- 
aged to persist locally in cold bogs far south of its normal range. 
It occurs in various parts of the Pennsylvania Alleghanies and 
in the New Jersey mountains at Budd’s Lake. In the southern 
part of the State it was known as early as 1818 to Barton and 
Nuttall, the former of whom recorded it as rare in Cranberry 
Swamps of Jersey not far from Philadelphia. Whether the two 
definite localities of which we have record were those known to 
the older botanists or not I cannot say. It is certainly of very 
rare occurrence in our region to-day, if not actually extinct. I 
have personally never collected it in New Jersey. 

Fl.—Mid-May. Fr—WMid-June to late June. 

Middle District—Longacoming, C. E. Smith, 1867 (UP, NB and P), Re- 
paupo, Benj. Heritage, July 15, 1892 (H), also (UP). 


Family ALISMACEA:. Arrow-heads, Etc. 


Arrow-heads of one species or another are found along the 
shores of nearly all the streams or ponds in southern New 
Jersey. The Long-beaked Arrow-head is the species of the Pine 
Barrens and Cape May, while the Common Arrow-head takes 
its place in the Middle district; the others are less frequent and 


168 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


occur mainly along the Delaware River or Bay. The variability 
in the leaves of these plants, both in size, shape and proportions, 
makes their identification often very puzzling, and those with 
lanceolate or submerged leaves (phyllodia) can only be cer- 
tainly determined by their fruits, the relative size and shape of 
the achenes being the best character. The Water Plantain occurs 
in swamps except in the Pine Barrens. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers small (5 mm. broad), in a large erect panicle. Alisima, p. 168 
aa. Flowers large (12-35 mm. in diameter), in whorls of three on an erect 
scape. 
b. Leaves arrow-shaped, basal lobes prominent. 
c. Beak of achene erect, bracts longer than fruit pedicels. 
' Sagittaria longirostra, p. 171 
cc. Beak of achene horizontal, bracts shorter than fruit pedicel. 
S. latifolia, p. 169 
bb. Leaves elliptic, sometimes with very short curved basal lobes (often 
on one side only), achene beak erect, fruit sessile. S. rigida, p. 171 
bbb. Leaves ovate lanceolate or linear on slender petioles, often only 
submerged phyllopodia. Achene very small (1 mm.), nearly beak- 
less; fruit long-pedicelled.* S. graminea, p. 172 
bbbb. Leaves lanceolate or linear, strap-shaped or with a narrow blade, 
not more than 75-Ioo mm. in height. Whorls of flowers 1 to 3. 
S. subulata, p. 172 
aaa. Flowers not over 16 mm. in diameter, pedicelled in a terminal umbel. 
b. Umbel 3 flowered, leaves taller than scape, petioles widened at base. 
S. subulata, p. 172 
bb. Umbel 2-8 flowered, leaves shorter than scape, petioles not widened 
at base. Helianthium parvulum, p. 169 


ALISMA L. 


Alisma subcordatum Raf. Water Plantain. 


Alisma subcordatum Refinesque, Md. Reposit. II. 5. 362. 1808 [United 
States]. 

Alisma plamtago Britton 255. 

Alisma parviflora Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 253 [Salt Marshes coast of N. J. 
and Penna.]. 


Common in swamps except int he Pine Barrens, where it is 
absent. 


* Occasional forms of S. longirostra and latifolia with lanceolate leaves 
can be recognized by their large beaked achenes. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 169 


Fl._—Early July to late August. Fr.—Early August to early 
October. . 


Middle District—-New Egypt, Delanco, Delair, Swedesboro. 
Coast Strip—Anglesea (UP). 


Cape May.—E. of Court House, Wildwood Jnc., Bennett, Cape May. 


HELIANTHIUM Engelmann. 


Helianthium parvulum (Engelm.). Dwarf Water Plantain. 
Echinodorus parvulus Engelmann in A. Gray Manual Ed. 2. 438. 1856 
[Michigan]. 
Alisma tenellum Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1908, 457. 

This delicate little plant was apparently unknown from New 
Jersey until August 10, 1907, when it was discovered by the 
writer in company with Messrs. Stewardson Brown and Samuel 
S. Van Pelt on the edge of Nelly’s Pond, north of Delanco. 

Fl.—Late July to late August. Fr—Mid-August to mid- 
September. 


Middle District—Delanco. 


SAGITTARIA L. 
Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Common Arrow-head.* 

Sagitiaria latifolia Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 409. 1806 [Canada to Carolina]. 
Sagittaria variabilis Knieskern 30. 
Sagittaria sagittefolia forme obtusa latifolia et hastata.—Britton, p. 255. 

This is the common Arrowhead of the Middle district, especi- 
ally along the Delaware and other larger streams and their tribu- 
taries and also in the northern counties. While it has not been 
found on the coast it does occur on the lower Ege Harbor River 


along with species that have evidently worked their way inland. 


* Lophotocarpus spongiosus Engelmann (in Gray Man. Ed. 5. 493. 1867) 
is included in Britton’s Catalogue from tidal mud in the Delaware, Camden 
Co. N. J., authority of Mr. Chas. F. Parker. Mr. Parker’s specimens, 
preserved with the rest of his herbarium at Princeton University, represent 
a plant that has been frequently collected at the above locality, and is well 
represented in the Academy herbarium. It has been generally, and I think 
rightly, regarded as a submerged form of Sagittaria graminea. ‘The flower- 
ing scapes are 5-6 in. long, with very small flowers on pedicels 14-3 in. long. 
The leaves are 2-3 in. long, tapering to a point and about % in. wide near 
the base. I have never seen any fruiting specimens. The plant is certainly 
not Lophotocarpus. 


170 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


It grows abundantly along the shores of rivers and lakes or 
fills entirely smaller ditches and ponds, sometimes on mud or in 
swamps, entirely exposed above the roots, and at other times 
submerged half-way to the blades and flowers. 

Well distinguished from the following species by its hori- 
zontal achene beaks and its short bracts, it is extremely variable 
in size and in the character of its foliage. So far as I am aware 
the form with pubescent leaves, perhaps a distinct species, does 
not occur within our limits, but our glabrous plants show ap- 
parently all possible variation in hastate leaf forms. 

What is apparently the most widely prevalent form has a 
broad blunt blade 110 mm. long from the petiole and about the 
same width at the middle, while the lobes are 100 mm. long and 
50 mm, wide at their middle, and more or less incurved or 
parallel to the petiole. Petioles about 7.5 cm. (30 in.) long. 

Another style has the blade longer and acute, 180 x 85 mm., 
lobes acute incurved 175 x 50 mm. 

A much smaller type of plant has petioles only 2 dm. (8 in.) 
long, blade blunt and narrow with sides nearly parallel for most 
of the length, 65 x 12 mm.; lobes still narrower, 60 x 6 mm. 
This resembles the narrow-leafed form of the next species so 
abundant in the Pine Barrens, and like it, occasionally presents 
leaves without basal lobes. In one instance I have seen such 
leaves on the larger plant described above, the blades measuring 
150 x 30 mm. Mr. Stewardson’ Brown tells me that a similay 
plant which he placed in a garden pond later developed regular 
sagittate leaves. 

Another form of the common Arrowhead with narrow leaves 
has basal lobes strongly divaricate branching from the line of 
the blade at an angle of 45°. Some of these are large, blade 275 
x 25 mm., and lobes 225 x 18 mm., while others measure only 
225 x 12 mm., lobes 200x 9 mm. The majority of the slender- 
leaved plants are probably of this type. While each plant ap- 
pears to produce leaves of but one type, except for the occasional 
ones which lack basal lobes, I cannot see sufficient constancy of 
form to warrant the use of varietal names. 

Fl.—Late July to late September. Fr.—Fully mature rarely 
before September. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 171 


Middle District —Navesink Hills, Belmar (NY), Farmingdale, New Egypt, 
Hartford, Delair, Camden, Westville, Washington Park, Albion, Jumbo. 
Coast Strip—Weymouth (T), Mays Landing. 


Sagittaria longirostra (Micheli). Long-beaked Arrowhead. 


Sagittaria sagittifolia (?) longirostra Micheli, in D. C. Monog. Phan. 3. 60. 
1881. [Alabama]. 


Sagittaria Engelmanniana J. G. Smith, Ext. fr. 6th Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 
15. 1894 (in part).—Keller and Brown 25.—Mackenzie, Torreya IX. 
30. 1909. 

Sagittaria sagittefolia forme angustifolia et gracilis Britton 255. 

Sagittaria longirostra Mackenzie, Torreya IX. 30. 1900. 

Abundant on the edges of streams, bogs, etc., in the Pine 
Barrens and Cape May districts. 

Fl.—tate June to late September. Fr.—Very rarely fully 
mature before late September. 

Pine Barrens——Lakehurst, Toms River, Brown’s Mills (NB), Hanover, 
Forked River, Dover Forge, New Egypt, Pasadena, Hammonton, Parkdale, 
Quaker Bridge (NB), Mullica River (NB), Pleasant Mills (NB), Pancoast, 
Weymouth (T).* 

Cape May.—Cape May. 


The common Arrowhead of the Pine Barrens shows quite as 
much variation in leaf form as does the Sagittaria latifolia of 
the Delaware River and its tributaries, both varying from nar- 
rowly linear to broadly hastate, though the present species seems 
to exhibit the slender type of leaf more frequently. In fruit the 
two species are readily distinguished by the beak of the achene, 
which is erect in this form and horizontal in S. latifolia. 

The narrow-leaved form of the Pine Barren plant was long 
confused with S. engelmanniana, a more northern species distinct 
from either of those here considered. 


Sagittaria rigida Pursh. Sessile-fruited Arrowhead. 


Sagittaria rigida Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 397. 1814 [Oswego river, near Great 
Falls, N. Y.].—Keller and Brown 25. 
Sagittaria heterophylla Wills 60.—Britton 256. 
Locally in northern New Jersey and southward along the 
Delaware. 


* Britton records it from Sandy Hook on the authority of I. C. Martindale, 
but I have been unable to verify the record. 


172 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Late June to late July. 
Middle District —Westville (KB), Gloucester (KB), Camden. 


Sagittaria graminea Michx. Grass-leaved Sagittaria. 

Sagittaria graminea Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 190. 1803 [Canada].—Smith 
Ext. fr. 6th Ann. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25. 1894.—Britton 256.—Keller 
and Brown 25. 

Locally distributed in ponds and boggy spots in northern New 
Jersey, southward along the Delaware and in Cape May Co. 
and the Pine Barrens. : 

Most specimens of this arrowhead have well defined lanceolate 
leaf blades, but in wholly submerged plants, or notably those 
from tidal mud and gravel on the borders of the Delaware River, 
the leaf blades are partly or entirely absent, being represented by 
nearly linear “(or the basal ones lanceolate) phyllodia. The 
specimens from the tidal mud I have never seen fruiting, but the 
flowers are much reduced and on very short pedicels, sometimes 
nearly sessile. 

Mr. J. G. Smith records a specimen of Sagittaria teres, “N. 
J. Pine Barrens, Torrey, 1833,’* but in view of the fact that we 
have no other evidence of the occurrence of this species in 
southern New Jersey, it seems at least possible that the specimen 
referred to may have belonged to S. graminea. 

Fil—Late May to early September. Fr.—tLate July into 
September, 

Middle District—Delanco, Delair, Fish House, Camden. 


Pine Barrens——Pleasant Mills, Main Road Sta. (T). 
Cape May.—Bennett. 


Sagittaria subulata (L.). Subulate Sagittaria. 


Alisma subulata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 343. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Sagittaria pusilla Willis 60, 
Sagittaria natans Britton 256. 
Segittaria subulata Keller and Brown 25. 

Muddy or gravelly river shores, northern New Jersey and 
south along the Delaware. 

A’ low plant with club-shaped phyllodia, growing on the 
muddy flats along the Delaware, associated with Isoetes, Erio- 


*Ext. Sixth Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 28. 1894. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 173 


caulon parkeri, etc;. exposed at low tide and completely sub- 
merged when the tide is high. 

Fl.—Late July to late August. Fr—Fully mature very rarely 
before September. 

Middle District—Camden, Fish House, Bridgeport. 


Family VALLISNERIACEA. 


Several submerged aquatic plants with flowers that reach the 
surface of the water on slender scapes. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves short (5-10 mm.), whorled or opposite. Philotria, p. 173 
ad. Leaves long and narrow and grass-like, pistiilate flowers on filiform 
scapes (6-12 dm. long), later coiling spirally, staminate flowers detached, 
floating. Vallisneria, p. 173 
aaa. Leaves heart-shaped, broad and spongy, petioled. Limnobium, p. 173 


PHILOTRIA Rafinesque. 
Philotria nuttallii (Planch.). Water Weed. 


Anacharis Nuttall Planchon, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 1. 86. 1848 [North 
America]. 
Ponds and streams North and Middle districts. 
Fl.—June to August (probably). 
Middle District—New Egypt, Delair, Camden, Cooper’s Creek, Paulsboro, 


Repaupo, Swedesboro. 
VALLISNERIA L. 


Vallisneria spiralis L. Wild Celery. Tape Grass.* 
Vallisneria spiralis Linneus, Sp. Pl. rors. 1753 [Pisa, Italy]—Knieskern 
30.—Britton 229. 
Larger streams of the North and Middle districts. 
Fl.—July to September (apparently). 
Middle District—Bordentown, Delaire, Cooper’s Creek, Timber Creek, 


Westville. 
Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (NY), Island Hts. (NY). 


LIMNOBIUM L. C. Richard. 
Limnobium spongia (Bosc.). Frog’s Bit. 
Hydrocharis Spongia Bosc, Ann. Mus. Paris IX. 396. Pl. 30. 1807 [South 
Carolina]. 
Limnobium. spongia Knieskern 30.—Willis 60.—Britton 329.—Keller and 
Brown 26. 


* The plant referred to by Harshberger under this name as abundant on 
the shore of Barnegat Bay (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 657) is 
obviously Zostera marina. 


174 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Reported by Knieskern from Swimming River, Monmouth 
Co., the only known locality in the State and not recently found 
there so far as I know. No specimen seen. 


Coast Strip—Swimming River [Knieskern]. 


Order GRAMINALES. 


A large group comprismg the Grasses and Sedges. 


Family GRAMINEAL. Grasses. 


Grasses may be distinguished from sedges by having hollow 
culms, round or flattened in cross section, and fruit in the form 
of grains. 

Flowering and Fruiting Data—Dates given indicate the 
season of full fresh panicles, racemes or spikelets, from the be- 
ginning of the flowering season to the latest date, when fresh 
intact inflorescence is still commonly present. 


a. Sweet scented, odor persisting after drying. 


b. Inflorescence in a compact spike. [Anthoxanthum odoratum]* 

bb. Inflorescence in an open panicle. Savastana, p. 216 
aa. Not sweet scented. 

b. Fruit a prickly bur. Cenchrus, p. 213 


bb. Fruit imbedded in the stalk (rachis), making a cylindrical, swollen, 
smooth or corrugated spike. 


. . . * 

c. Spike uniform throughout. _ Celorachis, p. 181 
cc. Spike with distinct staminate flowers above on a much more 
slender extension of the rachis. Tripsacum, p. 180 


bbb. Fruit not a bur nor imbedded in the rachis. 

c. Inflorescence obviously silky with soft hairs, appressed or in tufts. 
d. Two large glumes embracing a spikelet of several flowers be- 
tween them, plants green. Danthonia sericea, p. 23% 
dd. Inflorescence not in small spikelets, subtended by large 

giumes, plants more or less rusty purplish or glaucous. 
e. Pubescence largely rusty, inflorescence forming a dense 
plume-like head 1-1.2 dm. long, 25-50 mm. broad or more, 
maroon or chestnut, flowers long awned. Erianthus, p. 181 

ee. Pubescence white or whitish. 
f. Hairs not reaching beyond the flower scales. Inflores- 
cence in a long plume-like chestnut panicle. 

Sorghastrum, p. 184 


* Sweet Vernal Grass. Extensively introduced in fields, ete. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 175 


ff. Hairs longer than the flower scales. 


Andropogon, p. 182 
cc. Inflorescence not obviously silky. 


d. Plants low, creeping, flowers in flattened two-ranked spikelets. 
_Eragrostris hypnoides, p. 238 
dd. Plants not creeping. 
e. Flowers provided with one or more awns bent nearly at 
right angles and often twisted spirally. 

f. Awn trifid, usually with the middle branch much 
longer than the others (which are erect), sometimes 
all three the same length. Aristida, p. 217 

ff. Awn single, one on each flower. 

g. Flowers arranged in 3-7 scattered spikelets, each 
spikelet subtended by two large glumes. 
Danthonia, p. 231 
gg. Flowers (or spikelets) numerous, in an open or 
contracted panicle. 
h. Awn 50 mm. long, seed black, soon dropping. 
Stipa, p. 219 
hh. Awn less than 25 mm. long. 
i. Spikelets 9g mm. long. 
[Arrenatherum elatius]* 
wu. Spikelets less than 6 mm. long. 
j. Leaves flat. 
Sphenopholis palustris, p. 230 
jj. Leaves involute, bristle form. 
Deschampsia flexuosa, p. 229 
ee. Flowers with essentially straight awns or more frequently 
none at all. 

f. Inflorescence in a dense cylindrical spike (like timo- 

thy, barley or wheat). 
g. With very delicate inconspicuous awns or none. 
h. Spikes perfectly uniform'ly cylindrical, .5-1 
dm. long, 6 mm. in diameter. 
i. No awns. [Phleum pratense]t 
ui. Thread-like projecting awns. 
Alopecurus, p. 222 
hh. Spikes less regular, more “chafty.” 
1. Spikes buff or whitish. 
j. 20-35 cm. long (coast sand). 
Ammophila, p. 228 
jj. 2-7 dm. long, tips of leaves prolonged 
into slender, involute bristle-like tips. 
Sporobolus, p. 222 


* Oat grass, an occasional weed. 


+ Timothy, extensively cultivated for hay. 


176 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ii. Spikes greenish, not over one inch long, 
plant less than 1 dm. high. 
[Aira praecox]t 
gg. With very conspicuous awns, making the whole 
spike bristly. 

h. Spike millet-like, flowers like round seeds at 
the base of the (often tawny) projecting 
bristles. Chetochloa, p. 212 

hh. Spikes rye-like, flowers long, spindle-shaped, 
foliage often bluish green or glaucous. 

1. Spikes compact. 
j. Awns 50 mm. long. 
[Hordeum jubatum]* 
jj. Awns 12-75 mm. long. Elymus, p. 245 
it. Spikes with flowers scattered in pairs. 
Hystrix, p. 246 
ff. Inflorescence in a dense plume-like contracted or 
glomerate panicle. 
g. Panicle 155 cm. or larger, purplish, leaves 
20-75 mm. wide. 
h. Long awns, spikelets one-flowered. 
Echinochloa, p. 212 
hh. Not awned spikelets, several flowered. 
Phragmites, p. 235 
gg. Panicle 10-15 X 2-3 cm. green or slightly pur- 
plish, leaves 12 mm. wide. 
h. Spikelets one-flowered. 
4, A small tuft of hairs inside the glumes at 
the base of the flowers. 
Calamagrostis cinnoides, p. 227 
ti. No tuft at the base of the flowers. 
Phalaris, p. 216 
hh. Spikelets two-flowere', foliage soft and 
downy. [Holcus lanatus]t 
fff. Inflorescence in an open panicle, branches not at all 
appressed to the main culm. 
g. Pistillate flowers above, staminate below, tall 

marsh grass. *  Ligania, p. 214 

gg. Flowers not separated. 

h. Spikelets largely sessile and massed on the 
branches. 

i. Spikelets one-flowered. 
j. Much flattened. 
Homalocenchrus, p. 215 


{Hair grass, an occasional weed. 
* Squirrel-tail grass, an occasional weed. 


+ Meadow soft grass, commonly established in damp meadows. Pl. X., 
Fig. 4. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 177 


jj. Ovate not flattened. Panicum, p. 180 


ii. Spikelets many flowered. Poa, p. 239 
hh. Spikelets mainly pedicelled on filiform 
branches. 


i. Spikelets one-flowered. 
j. Much flattened. 
Homalocenchrus, p. 215 
jj. Not conspicuonsly flattened. 

k. Panicle very open and diffuse with 
long filiform branches; usually 
equal to 4% or % the entire height 

, of the plant, flowers more or less 
“chaffy,” often very small. 
l. Spikelets with long fluxuous 
hair-like terminal appendage. 
Muhlenbergia capillaris, p. 221 
il. Spikelets without hair-like tips. 
m. Plants glabrous. 

n. Panicle bluish or gray~ 
ish, erect, spikelets very 
minute 1.5-2 mm. bog 
plants. 

Sporobolus, p. 222 
nn. Panicle redish or sil- 
very white. 

o. Spikelets 5 mm. 
long, a tuft of 
hairs at the base 
of the flower. 
Calamovilfa, p. 228 

oo. Spikelets 1.5-3 mm., 
no tuft of hair, 
branches exceed- 
ingly long and ca- 
pillary. 

Agrostis, p. 224 
mm. Plants hairy. 
Panicle green or slightly 
red, coarse weeds. 
Panicum capillare, p. 195 
kk. Panicle with much shorter, stiffer 
branches, strictly erect, flowers glo- 
bose or ovate, “seed-like.” One 
glume very short and rudimentary 
at the base of the spilcelet. 
1. Subterranean straw colored 
fruits on root-like stems. 
Amphicarpon, p. 188 
ll. No subterranean flowers. 


12 MUS Panicum, p. 189 


178 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


ii. Spikelets several or many-flowered, ob- 
viously two-ranked and more or less flat- 


tened. 

j. Spikelets 12 mm. or more in length. 
k, Awned. Bromus, p. 244 
kk. Not awned. Festuca, p. 243 


jj. Spikelets less than 12 mm. in length. 
k. Panicles more than half the height 
of the plant or secondary panicles, 
developing all the way to the base. 
Eragrostis, p. 237 
kk. Panicles, if more than one, equal 
in height and less (usually much 
less) than half the height of the 
plant. 
I. Spikelets not over 3 mm. long. 
Panicularia nervata, p. 241 
ll, Spikelets over 3 mm. long. 
m. Panicle distinctly ma- 
roon. 
Tridens flava, p. 236 
mm. Panicle whitish or straw- 
color. Panicularia, p. 241 
mmm, Panicle green. 
n. Flowers at the end 
of capillary drooping 
branches 50-100 mm. 
long. 
Festuca nutans, p. 244 
nn. Flowers much more 
crowded on_ short 
branches, not over 
25 mm. long. 
Poa, p. 239 
ffff. Spikelets (1) in a row or rows on slender branches 
attached to a main scape to which they are more or 
less appressed, or from which they branch out pal- 
mately or fan-like; or (2) arranged in a slender 
appressed raceme. Spikelets sessile or nearly so. 
g. Spikelets one flowered. 

h. Arranged in closely imbricated, one-sided 
spikes, which stand out at an angle or are 
appressed to the main scape. Flowers 
awned and much flattened. Spartina, p. 232 

hh. Arranged on digitate or fan-like spikes. 
i. Rachis flat or winged, flowers not awned 
nor scattered. 
j. Spikelets flattened, disc-like, ar- 
ranged in two rows. 
Paspalum, p. 184 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 179 


jj. Spikelets ovate, not flattened. 
Syntherisma, p. 188 
ii. Flowers awned, scattered, or occupying 
only the end of the rachis; rachis not 
flattened. Gymnopogon, p. 234 
hhh. Arranged on short spikes, all closely ap- 
pressed to the main stem and scarcely over- 
lapping. 
1. Awned. Muhlenbergia, p. 211 
uw. Not awned. 
j. Spikelets conspicuously flattened. 
Homalocenchrus, p. 215 
jj. Spikelets ovate, not flattened. 
Panicum, p. 180 
hhhh, Arranged in a slender appressed panicle. 
i. Panicle very slender, but few short 
branches, all closely appressed, flowers 
long awned; awns 18-24 mm. long. 
Brachyelytrum, p. 221 
it. Panicle of appressed branches, flowers 
not long awned; awns, if present, less 
than 10 mm. 
j. Culms simple. 
k. Leaves involute. 
Panicum amarum, p. 196 
kk. Leaves not involute, panicle 
dense and feathery. 

l. A tuft of hairs at the base 
of the flowers within the 
glumes. 

Calamagrostis canadensis, p. 227 

ll. No tuft of hairs. 
m. Inflorescence whitish or 

reddish, erect. 

Agrostis, p. 224 
mm. Inflorescence green 
drooping. Cinna, p. 224 
jj. Culms much branched with nu- 

merous lateral panicles. 
Muhlenbergia, p. 211 

gg. Spikelets two to many flowered. 

h. Spikes digitate or branching off in a fan-like 
arrangement from the common stalk. Spike- 
lets sessile or nearly so. 

i. Spikelets in two definite rows, contigu- 


ous. [Eleusine indica]* 
ii, Spikelets not in two definite rows, scat- 
tered. Diplachne, p. 237 


* Crab grass. A common weed in lawns and about gardens. 


180 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


hh. Spikelets sessile or nearly so in an erect (or 
sometimes slightly drooping) raceme. 
i. Spikelets sessile, remote and alternately 
arranged on the somewhat zig-zag rachis. 
[Lolium perrenne]t 
ii. Spikelets numerous, slightly pediceled, 
some in slender appressed branches, scat- 
tered along the main culm. 
j. Leaves bristle-like, inflorescence 7- 
Io cm. in length. Festuca, p. 243 
jj. Leaves flat, inflorescence 7-12 cm. in 
length. Sphenopholis, p. 229 
jjj. Leaves flat, inflorescence, 20-25 cm. 
in length. Uniola laxa, p. 239 
iii. Spikelets in a dense, erect, appressed 
spike.. 
j. Spikelets 5-15 mm. long. 
k. Spike 120 X 25 mm. wide. 
Panicularia obtusa, p. 241 
kk. Spike 35 X 12 mm. 
Distichlis, p. 239 
kkk. Spike 75X12 mm. “wheat- 
like.” [Agropyron repens]t 
jj. Spikelets 2-3 mm. long. Spike 75- 
< 12 mim, 
Sphenopholis obtusata, p. 230 
titi. Spikelets in a somewhat looser but still 
appressed, often drooping raceme. 
j. Spikelets 3 mm. long or less. 
Poa or Puccinellia, pp. 230, 243 
jj. Spikelets 25 mm. long. 
Panicularia septentrionalis, p. 242 


TRIPSACUM L. 
Tripsacum dactyloides L. Gama Grass. 


Plate VI., Fig. t. 
Coix dactyloides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 972. 1753 [America]. 
Tripsacum dactyloides Nuttall Gen. I. 85. 1818—A. Brown, Bull. Torrey 
Bot. Club VII. 114. 1880—Britton 283.—Keller and Brown 30. 

This large and striking grass with its peculiar thick and 
jointed inflorescence is restricted to the coastal strip, extending 
like other coastal species some distance up the larger rivers. 

Fl.—Late July to late September. 


+ Ray-grass. A weed in waste and cultivated ground. 
{ Quitch-grass. An occasional weed. 


a 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 181 


Coast Strip—Monmouth Beach Center (NB), Manahawkin, Ocean City, 
Clermont, Cape May Court House, Cape May, Fairton. 

Also four miles north of Egg Harbor City (P), probably an intrusion from 
the river. 


CCELORACHIS Brongn. 
Coelorachis rugosa (Nutt.). Wrinkled Gama Grass. 
Pl. VL, Fig. 2. 
Rotibellia rugosa Nuttall, Gen. I. 84. 1818 [Florida]. 
Manisurus rugosa Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1908, p. 458. 

This southern species is restricted to the southern part of the 
Cape. May peninsula, where it was first detected by Mr. O. H. 
Brown in August, 1908. 

Fl.—Mid-August to late September. 


Cape May.—Bennett. 


ERIANTHUS Michaux. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Awns spirally twisted. E. divaricatus, p. 182 
aa. Awns straight. E. saccharoides, p. 181 


Erianthus saccharoides Michx. Plume Grass. 
Pl. XV.,, fig. 2. 


Erianthus saccharoides Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 55. 1803 [Carolina]. 
Erianthus alopecuroides Gray Man. Ed. I. . 616. 1848—Willis 77.—Britton 

284.—Keller and Brown 31. 
Erianthus compactus Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXII. 419. 1895. 

West Jersey, Cape May County, and rarely in the Pine Barrens 
and Coast Strip, local. 

This fine grass, with its ample purplish brown plumes on stalks 
five feet in height, is one of the handsomest species of the family. 
It is especially frequent in moist ground along the coast of Cape 


May County. 
Fl.—Late August to late September. 


Middle District—Bel. Burlington (C), Mickleton, Tomlinsons, Griffith’s 
Swp. (P), Swedesboro (NB). 

Pine Barrens-—Cedar Lake, Hammonton, Elwood (P), Egg Harbor City 
(in part coast intrusions). 

Coast Strip—Pt, Pleasant (Mck), Palermo. 

Cape May.—Cotirt House, Cold Spring. 


182 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Erianthus divaricatus (L.). Spiral-awned Plume Grass. 
Andropogon divaricatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1045. 1753 [North America]. 

A specimen of this species collected by the late Frank L. 
Bassett, at Hammonton, is in the U. S. National Herbarium. 
I have examined the spot where it is supposed to have been 
obtained, but found only E. saccharoides. The species is certainly 
very rare in the State. 


ANDROPOGON L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Spikes solitary, scattered along the stem. 
b. Sheaths often greenish, spikelets 5-7 mm. A. scoparius, p. 182 
bb. Sheaths always glaucous, spikelets 8-10 mm. A. littoralis, p. 182 
aa. Spikes in clusters of two to six. 
b. Two to six on a long exserted common peduncle, purplish. 
A. furcatus, p. 183 
bb. Two to three, included in spathe-like sheaths, scattered along the 


stem. 
c. Spikes at length exserted, sheaths much inflated. A. elliotii, p. 184 
cc. Spikes not exserted. . A, virginicus, p. 183 


aaa. Inflorescence much branched and congested in a dense cluster. 
A. corymbosus abbreviatus, p. 183 


Andropogon scoparius Michx. Broom Beard Grass. 


Pl. VIII, fig. 6. 
Andropogon scoparium Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 57. 1803 [Carolina].— 

Knieskern 40.—Britton 284. : 

Andropogon purpurascens Barton, Flor. Phil. I. 55. 1818. 

Common throughout the State, except on the coast dunes, 
where it is replaced by the next. 

This species and A. virginicus are the Beard Grasses which 
cover so many sandy fields with a tufted growth of buff or 
purplish stalks, some two feet in height, that persists through 
the winter. 

Fl.—Late July to early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Brindletown, Hartford, Medford, Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens.—Atco, Pasadena. 


Andropogon littoralis Nash. Seaside Beard Grass. 


Andropogon littoralis Nash, Britton’s Manual 69. 1901 [Seashore of New 
York and New Jersey].—Keller and Brown 31. 

Andropogon maritimus Vasey, Grasses of U. S. 19. 1883—Watson, Gray’s 
Manual, Ed. 6. 637. 1890. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 183 


Common on the sand dunes of the coast and all over the lower 
extremity of the Cape May peninsula. 
Fl—Late August to early October. 


Maritime——Sandy Hook (NB), Barnegat City (L), Harvey Cedars (L), 
Beach Haven (L), Holgate’s (L), Wildwood, Stone Harbor (S), Cape May 
(S), Cape May Pt. 


Andropogon corymbosus abbreviatus Hackel. Bushy Beard Grass. 
Pl. VI, fig. 4. 
Andropogon macrourus abbreviatus Hackel in DeCandolle Monogr. Phan. 
VI.:408. 1889 [New Jersey]. 
Andropogon macrourus Barton, Fl. Phila. 56. 1818.—Keller and Brown 31.— 
Knieskern 40.—Willis 77.,—Torrey Fl. U.S. I. 157. 1824. 
Andropogon glomeratus Britton 284. 

Common in sandy swamps in the Pine Barrens and locally in 
the other districts. To the northward it occurs only at South 
Amboy. 

The dry, yellowish head-clusters of this grass, supported on 
their slender stems, are a characteristic feature of the winter 
swamps. 

Fl.—tLate August to late September. 

Middle District—Asbury Park (NY), Woodbury, Mickleton, Kaighns Pt. 
Pine Barrens.—Brindletown, Forked River, Clementon, Atco, Bear Swamp, 
Quaker Bridge, Egg Harbor City. 


Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Spray Beach (L). 
Cape May—Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S). 


Andropogon virginicus L. Virginia Beard Grass. 


PI. VIII, fig. 8. 


Andropogon virginicus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1046. 1753 [America—prob. Vir- 
ginia] —Knieskern 40.—Britton 284. 


Dry ground, common throughout our region and rather less 


frequent in the northern counties. 
Fl.—Mid-August to late September. 


Middle District—Lindenwold (S), Taunton (S), Mickleton, Albion, 
Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens —Egg Harbor City. 

Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Surf City (L), 
Spray Beach (L), Wildwood (HA). 

Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S), Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. 
(S), Town Bank (S$). 


184 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Andropogon furcatus Muhl. Forked Beard Grass. 


Andropogon furcatus “Muhlenberg,” Willdenow Sp. Pl. IV. 919. 1806 [North 
America—prob. Penna.]—Knieskern 4o. 
Andropogon provincialis Britton 284. 


Northern New Jersey, extending locally into the Middle dis- 
trict and recurring in the lower Cape May peninsula. 

Fl.—Late July to late September. 

Middle District—Tracy’s (C), Manchester (C), Bordentown (H), Grif- 


fith’s Swamp, Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Andropogon elliottii Chapman. Elliott’s Beard Grass. 
Andropogon Elliottii Chapman, Fl. S. States. 581. 1860 [Florida to N 
Carolina]—Long, Bartonia II. 18. 1910. 

Confined to the southern part of the Middle district ; originally 
discovered in the State by Charles D. Lippincott at Swedesboro 
September 2, 1894. 

Fl._—Early September into October or even November. 


Middle District—Woodbury, Swedesboro, Sharptown. 
Cape May—Town Bank. 


SORGHASTRUM Nash. 
Sorghastrum nutans (L.), (Michx.). Indian Grass. 


Pl. XL, fig. 1. 
Andropogon nutans Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1045. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Andropogon avenaceus Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 54. 18128. 
Sorghum nutans Knieskern 40. 
Chrysopogon nutans Britton 284. 


Dry soil frequent throughout, except in the Pine Barrens, 
where it is rare or casual. 

Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Griffith’s Swamp, Orchard (S), Mickleton, 
Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Pasadena, Landisville, Hammonton, Ab. Tuckahoe (S). 


Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Anglesea (UP). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Cape May (OHB). 


PASPALUM L. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Rachis membranaceous, broader than the spikelets. Plant decumbent or 
floating in water. P. dissectum, p. 185 
aa. Rachis narrower than the spikelets. 
b. Culm simple, racemes stout. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 185 


c. Spikelets 4 mm. in longest diameter. P. glabratum, p. 185 
ce. Spikelets 3 mm. long or less. 
d. Plant with dense long pubescence on sheats and blades. 
P. plenipilum, p. 186 
dd. Plant glabrous. 
e. Racemes 3-5 cm. long, leaf-blades 1-2 cm. P, leve. 
ee. Racemes 8-10 cm. long, leaf-blades, 2-4 cm. 
P. 1. longifolium, p. 186 
ddd. Plant slightly pubescent below. 
e. Racemes as in P. leve. P. 1. australe, p. 186 
ee. Racemes long. P. 1. circulare, p. 187 
bb. Culm branched above, with several lateral racemes, leaves pubescent. 
c. Plants erect, with longer leaves. 


d, Spikelets 1.5. mm. long, pubescent. P. setaceum, p. 187 
dd. Spikelets 2 mm. long, glabrous. 
e. Culm glabrous. P. muhlenbergiti, p. 187 


ee. Culm densely pubescent, just below the raceme. 
P. pubescens, p. 187 
cc. Plants prostrate, with shorter leaves, spikelets 2 mm. long, pubes- 
cent. P. psammophilum, p. 186 


Paspalum dissectum L. Walter’s Paspalum. 
Paspalum dissectum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 57. 1753 [America]. 
Paspalum membranaceum Keller and Brown 32. 

Paspalum Walterianum Gray Manual, Ed. V. 645. 1867—Britton 279. . 
This southern species was first discovered in New Jersey by 
Thomas Nuttall, who found it at Cape May. Although it has not, 
so far as I am aware, been found there since, it has been col- 
lected at several points in the southwestern part of the State. 
It occurs in low wet grounds, often on the bottoms of dried-up 

woodland pools. ; 
Fl.—Mid-September into October. 
Middle District—Clarksboro, Mickleton (NB), Pennsgrove (NB), Woods- 


town, Riddleton. 
Cape May.—Cape May (C).* 


Paspalum glabratum (Engelm.). Engelmann’s Paspalum.+ 


PI. XIL, Fig. 6. 
Paspalum floridanum glabratum “Engelm.” Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
3:20. 1892 [N. Carolina, Texas and Arkansas]. 


* Reported from Landisville in Britton’s Catalogue on authority of C. A. 
Gross, but no specimen was found in his herbarium. 

As the work is going through the press Mr. O. H. Brown reports its re- 
discovery at Cape May. 

+ Paspalum difforme is recorded from New Jersey by Hitchcock and Chase 
in the new Gray's Manual, but Mrs. Chase informs me that the specimen came 
from the ballast ground at Camden, so that it is obviously not native. 


186 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Paspalum glabratum Keller and Brown 32—Stone Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., 1907. 458—Stone Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1908. 458. 

This is another southern species discovered at Cape May in 
1891, by several members of the Philadelphia Botanical Club. 
It is the largest of our Paspalums and does not range north of 
lower Cape May County. 

F].—Early August to late September. 

Coast Strip—Anglesea (NB). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May.* 

Paspalum plenipilum Nash. Long-haired Paspalum. 

Paspalum plenipilum Nash, Britton’s Manual 73. 1901 [New Jersey]. 
Rather frequent in the Cape May and lower Coast districts. 
Fl.—Late July to late September or into October. 

Coast Strip.—Absecon. 

Cape May.—Court House, Green Creek. 

Paspalum psammophilum Nash. Prostrate Paspalum. 

Paspalum psammophilum Nash, Britton’s Manual 73. 1901 [New Jersey]. 
Dry ground in the Middle and Pine Barren districts. 

This species, like several others of recent date, was clearly 
‘differentiated by the late Charles E. Smith some fifty years ago 
as shown by notes accompanying specimens in his herbarium. 
Unfortunately he never put his views into print. 

Fl.—tate July into October. 

Middle District—Delanco, Lindenwold, Medford (S), Swedesboro, Mill- 
ville. : 

Pine Barrens—Lakehurst, Speedwell (S), Twelfth St. Folsom. 
Coast Strip.—Seaside Park. 
Paspalum lzeve australe (Nash.). Southern Paspalum. 
Paspalum australe Nash, Britton’s Manual 1039. 1901 [Stone Mt., Georgia]. 
Frequent in the Cape May and lower Coast districts. 
Fl.—Late July to late September or into October. 
Coast Strip—Palmero. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 
Paspalum lzve angustifolium (LeConte.). Narrow-leaved Paspalum. 


Pl. XIL., fig. 5. 
Paspalum angustifolium Le Conte, Jour. de Phys. XCI:285. 1820 [Caro- 
lina]. 


* Collected Sept. 16, 1882, by C. F. Parker, and labeled P. leve in his her- 
barium at Princeton. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 187 


Frequent except in the Pine Barren district. All of our 
glabrous Paspalums seem to be referable to this form. The 
short-spiked P. leve has not yet been collected within our limits. 

Fl.—Late July to late September or into October. 


Middle District—Braddock’s Mill, Mickleton. 
Coast Strip.—Palermo. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Dias Creek. 


Paspalum lzeve circulare (Nash.). 


Paspalum circulare Nash, Britton’s Manual 73. 1901 [R. I. to Ky. and Mo.; 
south to Fla. and Tex.]. 


Occasional in the Coast strip. 
Fl.—Late July to late September or into October. 


Coast Strip —Manahawkin, Palermo. 


Paspalum pubescens Muhl. Pubescent Paspalum. 
Paspalum pubescens Muhlenberg, Gram. 92. 1817 [Pennsylvania]. 
Paspalum ciliatifolium Muhlenberg, Gram. 93. 1817 [N. J. references].— 
Torrey Flora U. S. 1, 75. 1824. 
Frequent or occasional throughout our region in dry: sandy 
ground. 
FI.—Mid-August into October. 


Middle District.—Tomlin, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Ballinger’s Mill (S), Pancoast (S), Ocean City Jnc. 

Coast Strip —Manahawkin, Sherburn’s (L). 

Paspalum muhlenbergii Nash. Muhlenberg’s Paspalum. 

Paspalum Muhlenbergii Nash, Britton’s Manual 75. 1901 [Massachusetts]. 

Frequent on the coast and very rare in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Early August into October. 

Pine Barrens.—Albion. 

Coast Strip—Bay Head, Manahawkin, Palermo, Tuckahoe, Cold Spring. 

Paspalum setaceum Michx. Slender Paspalum. 


Paspalum setaceum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 43. 1803 [So. Carolina].—Bar- 
ton Fl, Phila. I. 52. 1818—Knieskern 39—Britton 279. 


This is the most plentiful of the small fruited Paspalums 
occurring in dry ground throughout the State. 
Fl._—Early July into October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Hornerstown, Washington Park (S), Lin- 
denwold (S), Swedesboro. 


188 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Pine Barrens—Toms River (McK), Whitings, Forked River, Pasadena, 
Speedwell, Landisville (T), Batsto (S), Egg Harbor City, Twelfth St., Fol- 
som, Pancoast, Palermo, Middletown. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Barnegat City (L,), Surf City (L), St. Albans 


(L), Sherburn’s (LL). 
Cape May.—South Dennis, Court House, Cold Spring, Cape May. 


AMPHICARPON Rafinesque. 
Amphicarpon amphicarpon (Pursh.) Pursh’s Millet Grass. 


PI. VIII, fig. 1. 


Milium amphicarpon Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 62, pl. 2. 1814 [New Jersey, near 
Egg Harbor]—Torrey Flora N. Y. 15. 1819.—Torrey Flora U. §. I. 77. 
1824. 

Milium ciliatum Muhlenberg Gram. 77. 1817. 

Amphicarpon Purshii Knieskern 39.—Britton 279.—Keller and Brown 32. 


This curious grass, originally discovered by Frederick Pursh 
“near Egg Harbor” (probably = Beesley’s Point), does not 
range north of the New Jersey Pine Barrens, nor has it been 
found in the western part of the State beyond the limits of this 
region. It is plentiful in damp sandy soil among the Pines, and 
grows profusely in the damp sand thrown up into dykes around 
the cranberry bogs. 

The peculiarity of this grass lies in the production of sub- 
terranean. fruits scattered among the slender roots, in addition to 
the Panicum-like spike of normal seeds, which is conspicuous 
above ground, 

Fl.—Early August to mid-September. 

Pine Barrens——Toms River (McK), Manchester (NB), Lakehurst, Brown’s 
Mills, Waretown, Five miles so. New Egypt, West Creek (S), Speedwell 


(S), Winslow, Crowleytown, Egg Harbor City, Twelfth St. Folsom. 
Cape May.—Bennett, Cape May Pt. (OHB). 


SYNTHERISMA Walter. 


Key to the Species. 
a. Rachis broadly winged. 


b. Plant glabrous. [S. linearts]* 
bb. Plant hirsute. LS. sanguinalis]t+ 


aa. Rachis not winged. S. filiformis, p. 189 


* Small crab-grass, a weed about gardens, etc. 

{Large crab-grass, an abundant weed everywhere in cultivated and waste 
ground. Grows luxuriantly on the sandy ground back of the coast dunes, 
creeping culms reaching a length of six or eight feet; seems like a native 
in such locations. : 


PUANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 189 


Syntherisma filiformis (L.). Stender Finger-grass. 
Pl. VII, Fig. 6. 


Panicum filiformae Linneus, Sp. Pl. 57. 1753 [North America]. 
Panicum filiforme Kneiskern 39.—Britton 279. 
Digitaria pilosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 70. 1814. 
Frequent in dry sandy soil throughout our region and re- 
ported from only two stations in the northern counties. 

This native finger-grass may be distinguished from the intro- 
duced species so common on roadsides, fields and grass plots, by 
its slender erect habit. The Large and Small Crab grass S. 
sanguinalis and S. linearis are coarse and more or less pros- 
trate; the former is a very abundant weed along the coast, trail- 
ing over the sand hills and appearing like a native plant. 

Fl.—tLate July to mid-September. 

Middle District-—New Egypt, Haddonfield (S), Griffith’s Swamp, Medford 
(S), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Clementon, Swedesboro (S). 

Coast Strip—St. Albans (L), Beach Haven (L), Peahala (L,), Sherburn’s 


(L), Ocean City. 
Cape May—Cold Spring (OH'B), Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. 


PANICUM L. 


Flowering and Fruiting Data.—Dates given cover the period 
of both primary and secondary panicles. In most species they 
follow one another so closely as to leave no appreciable time when 
the plant is not in flower or fruit. 


Key to the Spectes.* 


a. Annual. 
b. Inflorescence, a more or less diffuse panicle. 
c. Spikelets tuberculate. Panicum verrucosum, p. 194 


cc. Spikelets not tuberculate. 
d. First glume not more than one-quarter the length of the spike- 
let. P. dichotomiflorum, p. 195 
dd. First glume one-half the length of the spikelet. 
e. Panicle more than half the total height of the plant. 
P. capillare, p. 195 
ee. Panicle not more than half the height of the plant. : 
—_—— P. philadelphicum, p. 195 
* Adapted from Hitchcock and Chase. Practically all the specimens listed 
beyond were identified by these authors when engaged upon their mono- 
graph. Additional South Jersey localitiese given in this work are quoted in 
lists of localities and credited to “H. & C.” 


190 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


aa. Perennial. 
b. Spikelets short pedicelled along one side of the rachis, forming spike- 
like racemes. P. hemitomon, p. 194 
bb. Spikelets in open, rarely contracted panicles. 
c. Basal leaves different from culm leaves, usually forming winter 
rosettes. 
d. Spikelets glabrous. 
é. Spikelets 3mm. or more long, strongly nerved. 
f. Spikelets pointed, blades elongated. 
P. depauperatum, p. 198 
ff. Spikelets blunt, blades not elongated, 3.2-3.3 mm.; 
long sheaths or some of them hispid. 
P. scribnerianum, p. 209 
ee. Spikelets less than 3mm. long. 
f. Second glume and sterile lemma exceeding the fruit 
and pointed beyond it, spikelets 2.2-2.9 mm. long. 
g. Spikelets elliptic, fruit 2 mm. long. 
P. aculeatum, p. 210 
gg. Spikelets ovate, broadest below the middle, 2 mm. 
or less. 
h. Sheaths (at least the secondary) hispid. 
P. scabriusculum, p. 210 


hh, Sheaths glabrous. P. cryptanthum, p. 210 

ff. Second glume and sterile lemma, not pointed beyond 
the fruit. 

g. Ligule 2-3 mm. long. P. spretum, p. 202 


gg. Ligule obsolete. 
h. Spikelets 1.5 mm. long or less. 
1. Nodes bearded. P. microcarpon, p. 200 
ut. Nodes not bearded. 
j. Spikelets 1.5-1.6 mm. blades 50-80 mm. 
long, 4-7 mm. wide. 
P. caerulescens, p. 200 
Jj. Spikelets 1.2-1.4 mm., blades not over. 
30 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide. 
P. ensifolium, p. 207 
jij. Spikelets 2mm. long or more. 
k. Culms soon prostrate, vine-like, 
branches divaricate. 
P. lucidum, p. 200 
kk. Culms not vine-like, branches not 
divaricate. 
1. Nodes glabrous; autumaal form 
upright. P. dichotomum, p. 199 
ll. Nodes, at least the lowest, 
usually bearded, autumnal form, 
top-heavy and reclining, 
P. barbulatum, p. 200 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. Ig! 


dd. Spikelets pubescent. 
e. Spikelets 3 mm. or more long. 
f. Blades elongated leaves 2-5 mm. wide. 
P. depauperatum, p. 198 
ff. Blades not elongated. 
g. Nodes bearded, leaves 15-30 mm. wide. 
P. boscii, p. 211 
gg. Nodes not bearded. 
h. Sheaths glabrous. 
i. Spikelets 3.5-3.8 mm. long. 
P> latifolium, p. 211 
ti. Spikelets 3 mm. long. 
P. commutatum, p. 208 
hh. Sheaths pubescent. 
1. Pubescence appressed, spikelets 3.5-4. 
P. oligosanthes, p. 209 
it. Pubescence spreading. 
j. Blades 20 mm. wide. 
P. clandestinum, p. 211 
jj. Blades 6-12 mm. wide. 
P. scrinerianum, p. 209 
ee, Spikelets less than 3 mm. long. 
f. Blades elongated. P. linearifolium, p. 198 
ff. Blades not elongated. 
g. Spikelets attenuated at the base. 
h. Autumnal blades flat, blades 80-120 & 4-8 mm. 
P. angustifolium, p. 199 
hh. Autumnal blades involute, blades 40-60 X 2-5 
mm. P. aciculare, p. 199 
gg. Spikelets not attenuated at base. 
h. Ligule manifest 1-5 mm. long. 
1. Sheaths glabrous. 
j. Panicle narrow %4-% as wide as long. 
P. spretum, p. 202 
jj. Panicle open nearly as wide as long. 
P. lindheimeri, p. 202 
ii. Sheaths pubescent. 
j. Ligule 1-1.5 mm. long, culms and 
sheaths appressed pubescent. 
k. Spikelets 1.8-1.9 mm. long, plant 
bluish green. P. tsugetorum, p. 206 
kk. Spikelets 1.5 mm. long, nearly gla- 
brous, plant olivaceous. 
P. oricola, p. 204 
jj. Ligule 2-5 mm. long. 
k. Spikelets 1-1.3 mm. long, culm and 
sheath soft appressed pubescent. 
1. Spikelets 1.2-1.3 mm. long. 
P. leucothrix, p. 202 


192 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


ll, Spikelets not over 1 mm. long. 
P. wrightianum, p. 201 
kk. Spikelets more than 1.5 mm. long. 
l. Spikelets not over 2 mm. long. 
m, Plant grayish, velvety pubes- 
cent. P. lanuginosum, p. 204 
mm. Plant pubescent, but not vel- 
vety. 
n. Upper surface of blade 
glabrous. 
P. tennesseense, p. 203 
mn. Upper surface of blade 
pubescent. 

o. Spikelets 1.3-I.5 mm. 
long, blade long, pi- 
lose above. 

P. meridionale, p. 203 

oo. Spikelets 1.6-2 mm. 
long, blade appressed, 
pubescent above. 

P. huachuce, p. 203 
ll. Spikelets 2.2 mm. or more. 
m. Pubescence on culm horizon- 
tal, spreading. 
P. villosissimum, p. 204 
mm. Pubescence on culms ap- 
pressed. 
P. pseudopubescens, p. 205 
Ah. Ligule obsolete or less than 1 mm. long. 
i. Nodes bearded. 
j. Spikelets 1.5-1.6 mm. long. 
, P. microcarpon, p. 200 
ji. Spikelets 2.2 or more. _P.. clutei, p. 20r 
ut. Nodes not bearded. 
P. mattamuskeetense, p. 201 
j. Plants densely gray velvety throughout, 
a viscid ring below the nodes. 
P. scoparium, p. 209 
jj. Plants not gray velvety. 
k. Some sheaths pilose or hispid. 
1. Pubescence papillose hispid. 
m. Spikelets 2.3-2.6, pointed. 
P. scabriusculum, p. 210 
mm. Spikelets obovate, obtuse, 3 
mm, long. 
P. clandestinum, p. 211 
il. Pubescence ascending pilose. 
m. Spikelets 2-2.5 mm. long. 
n. Spikelets 2.4 mm. long. 
P. commonsianum, p. 205 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 193 


nn, Spikelets 2-2.1 mm. long. 
P. c. addisoni, p. 205 
mm. Spikelets not over 1.3-1.4 

mm. long, nearly globular. 
P. columbianum thinium, p. 207 
kk, Sheaths glabrous or pubescent only. 
1. Spikelets globular. 1.8 mm. long, 
blades cordate, ciliate at the base. 

m. Panicle as broad as long. 
P. spherocarpon, p. 207 
mm, Panicle narrow, more than 24 
as broad as long. 
P. polyanthes, p. 208 
il. Spikelets not globular. 

m. Culms prostrate and vine- 
like, branches  divaricate, 
: spikelets not over 2.1 mm. 
long. P. lucidum, p. 200 
mm. Not vine-like nor divaricate. 
n. Spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long. 

o. Blades rarely more 
than Io mm. broad, 
culms crisp puberu- 
lent. P. ashei, p. 208 

oo, Blades usually 1.5 or 
more in width, culms 
glabrous. 

P. commutatum, p. 208 

nn. Spikelets not over 2.3 

mm. long. 

P. clutet, p. 201 
nnn. Spikelets not over 1.7 

mm. long. 

o. Culms conspicuously 
puberulent, spikelets 
turgid, 

P. columbianum, v. 206 

oo. Culms glabrous. 

P. ensifolium, p. 207 
cc. Basal leaves not different from those of the culm. 
d. With creeping scaly root stocks, spikelets long pedicelled, not 
secund, in open or contracted panicle. 
e. Panicle diffuse. 
f. Panicle open, ‘spikelets 3.5-5 mm. long, beaked. 
P. virgatum, p. 196 
ff. Panicle more or less contracted, 3.2 mm. long, not 
beaked. P. v. cubense, p. 196 
ee. Panicle contracted, seashore species. P. amarum, p. 196 
dd. Not forming a creeping scaly rootstock. 


13 MUS 


194 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


e. Rootstocks present, culms but little compressed, spikelets 
set obliquely on their appressed pedicels. P. anceps, p. 198 
ee. Root stocks none, culm strongly compressed, spikelets not 
obliquely arranged. 
f. Ligules ciliate, basal leaves half the length of the 
culm, panicle longer than the upper leaves. 
: P. longifolium, p. 197 
ff. Ligules not ciliate, basal leaves in short tufts, upper 
leaves about equaling the panicle. 
g. Fruit stipitate, spikelets 2.5-2.8 mm. long, secund. 
P. stipitatum, p. 107 
gg. Fruit not stipitate, spikelets not secund. 
h. Spikelets 1.8-2 mm. long, branches ascending or 


spreading. P. agrostoides, p. 196 
hh. Spikelets 2.5 mm. long, branches ascending, 
dense. P. condensum, p. 197 


Panicum hemitomon Schultes. Narrow Panic-Grass.* 
Panicum hemitomon Schultes, Mant. II. 227. 1824 [n. n. for P. walteri 

Muhl.=Ell. from near Savannah]. 

Brachiaria digitarioides Stone, Bartonia II., p. 26, 1910. 

This is another southern species restricted to wet swamps in 
the southwestern portion of the Cape May peninsula. It was 
discovered in August, 1909, by Mr. O. H. Brown. 

In Torreya 1907, p. 39, the writer erroneously recorded this 
grass from Cape May county, the specimens proving to be Pani- 
cum condensum Nash. (see Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1908, p. 458). 

The same error was made by Keller and Brown, Flora of 
Philadelphia, 1905, p. 33. 

F].—Late June to late July (apparently). 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cape May. 


Panicum verrucosum Muhl. Warty Panic Grass. 
Panicum verrucosum Muhlenberg, Gram. 113. 1817 [New Jersey.].—Brit- 

ton 281.—Keller and Brown 36. 

Sandy swamps; common throughout the Pine Barrens and 
frequent in the lower part of the Middle district. This is a 
characteristic south Jersey grass distinguished from all the other 
members of the genus by the minute tubercles on the spikelets. 

Fl.—Early August to late September. 


*In the genus Panicum a number of New Jersey records published in 
“The North American Species of Panicum” by Hitchcock and Chase (Contr. 
from the U. S. Nat. Herb. vol. 15, 1910), are cited and marked H. & C. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 10s 


Middle District—Fish House, Woodbury (C), Washington Park (S), 
Westville, Tomlin, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Salem (S$), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Sea Bright (NB), Manchester (NB), Lakehurst, Forked 
River, Bamber, Speedwell, Bear Swamp, Clementon, Atsion, Egg Harbor 
City, Landisville, Tuckahoe (S), Pancoastville (T). 

Cape May—Court House, Clermont, 


Panicum capillare L. Witch Grass. 
Pl. IX, fig. 3. 


Panicum capillare Linneus, Sp. Pl. 58. 1753 [Virginia and Jamaica].— 
Britton 281, 

Common throughout, except in the Pine Barrens. Whatever 
the original habitat of this grass may have been, it is now essen- 
tially a weed abounding in cultivated and waste ground, with 
little to remind one of its native origin. 

Fl—tLate August to late September. 


Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. Wood Witch Grass. 


Panicum philadelphicum Bernhardi, in Nees Fl. Bras. 198. 1829 [Phila- 
delphia]. 
Dry ground, edges of woods, etc., in the Middle and Cape 
May districts. 
A more delicate ally of the preceding. 
F].—Mid-August to mid-September. 
Middle District Medford, Swedesboro, Riddleton. 


Pine Barrens——Lakehurst (H&C), Sea Isle Jnc. 
Cape May.—Wildwood Jnc. (OHB), Cold Spring. 


Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Spreading Panic Grass. 


Panicum dichotomifiorum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 48. 1803 [Alleghany 
Mts.]. 
Panicum proliferum Britton, 281. 
Wet places; common along the larger streams. of the Middle 
district and the salt marshes of the coast; only casually reported 


from the northern counties. 
Fl.—Mid-July to early October. 


Middle District—Freehold (H&C), Fish House (S), Camden, Westville, 
W. Deptford, Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip—Deal (P), Cox’s, Spray Beach (L), Barnegat City (L). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Cape May (OHB). 


196 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Panicum virgatum L. Broom-like Panic Grass. 
Pl. IX, Fig. 2. i 

Panicum virgatum Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 59. 1753 [Virginia] Britton 282. 

Abundant along the salt marshes and the Delaware and other 
large rivers; only casual elsewhere and probably introduced. 

Fl.—Mid-July to mid-September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House, Camden (H&C), Kaighns Pt., 
Swedesboro, Salem, Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens.—Speedwell (S), Landisville, Winslow (S), Hammonton. 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Pt. Pleasant, Seaside Park, Forked River, 
Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven (L), Barnegat City (L,), Spray Beach (L), 


Longport (S), Ocean City (S), Stone Harbor (S), Five-Mile Beach, Cape 
May. 


Panicum virgatum cubense Griseb. Cuban Panic Grass. 
Panicum virgatwm cubense Grisebach, Cat. Pl. Cub. 233. 1866 [Hanabana 
Cuba]. 

Similar situations to the preceding. ‘The majority of the 
specimens examined, however, are from farther inland, either in 
the Pine Barrens or Middle district. 

Fl.—Early July to early September. 


Middle District—Lindenwold. Burlington. 
Pine Barrens—-Hanover, Pasadena, Atsion (H&C), Egg Harbor City, 
Island Heights. 
Panicum amarum Ell. Beach Panic Grass. 


Panicum amarum Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga, I. 121. 1817 [South Caro- 
lina]—Keller and Brown 36. 
Panicum amarum var minor Britton 282. 
Sea beaches frequent; extending up the bay shore at least 
as far as Town Bank, 
Fl.—Early September to late October. 
Maritime——Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Seaside Park, Barnegat City 


(L), St. Albans (L), Holgate’s (L), Ocean City, Holly Beach (UP), Cape 
May, Cape May Point. 


Panicum agrostoides Spreng. Agrostis-like Panic Grass. 
Panicum agrostoides Sprengel, Pl. Pugill I1.: 4. 1815 [Pennsylvania],— 
Britton 281. 
Moist open ground; common in the northern counties and 
casual southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Mid-July to early September. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 197 


Middle District—Clementon, Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 
Pine Barrens—Atsion (H&C), Landisville. 


Panicum stipitatum Nash. Long Panic Grass. 


Panicum stipitatum Nash., Britton’s Manual 83. New name for P. elongatum 
Pursh nec Salisb. [New Jersey to N. Carolina]. 


Moist, sandy, open ground in the lower part of the Middle 
district ; not very common. 


Fl.—Mid-July to early September. 


Middle District—Delair, Camden (H&C), Washington Park, Moorestown, 
Medford (8), Mickleton, Tomlin, Swedesboro (CDL). 


Panicum condensum Nash. Clustered Panic Grass. 


PL. XII, Fig. 1. 


Panicum condensum Nash, in Small’s Southern Flora. 93. [South Carolina 
and Florida]. 


Brachiaria digitarioides Keller and Brown 33.—Stone Torreya 1907, 39 
[See Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1908, 458]. 

Usually in shallow water, swamps and ditches, southern part 
of the Cape May peninsula. 

First found September 1, 1902, at Peermont, by the writer, 
and erroneously recorded as Brachiaria digitariodes (see synon- 
omy). 

Fl.—Early August to late September. 


Coast Strip—Holly Beach, Piermont (S$). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Panicum longifolium Torr. Long-leaved Panic Grass. 
Pl. VIL, Fig. 5. 


Panicum longifolium Torrey, Fl. V. S. 149. 1824 [Pine Barrens of New 
Jersey]. 


Panicum anceps Britton 281 (in part). 

Sandy swamps throughout our region, except the upper part 
of the Middle district; probably most common in the Pine Bar- 
rens and along the western border of the coast marshes. Dis- 
covered in New Jersey in 1819 by James Goldie, a Scottish 
botanist, who travelled and collected here at that time. 

Fl.—Early August to mid-September. 


198 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Washington Park (S), Lindenwold (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Pt. Pleasant (S), New Lisbon, Manchester (P), Forked 
River, Waretown, Manahawkin, Bear Swamp (S), Speedwell (S), Clemen- 
ton, Williamstown Jnc., Jackson (P), Ancora (P), Cedar Brook, Parkdale 
(S), Atsion (H&C), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S$), Absecon (S), 
Folsom 12th St. Woodbine, Palermo (S$). 

Cape May.—Dias Creek, Bennett, Cold Spring (S). 


Panicum anceps Michx. Beaked Panic Grass. 


Panicum anceps Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 48. 1803 [Carolina].—Britton 
281 (in part). 


Moist open ground, Middle and Cape May districts; not very 


common. 
Apparently neither this or the preceding occur in the northern 


counties. 
Fl.—tLate July to early September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Bordentown, Locust Grove, Medford, Mickle- 
ton (H), Woodstown (P). 
Cape May.—Court House, Cape May (OHB). 


Panicum depauperatum Muhl. Starved Panic Grass. 


Panicum depauperatum Muhlenberg, Gram. 112. 1817 [Pennsylvania].— 
Britton 279. 


Dry sandy or rocky ground throughout the State, except in the 
Pine Barrens, where it is rare and perhaps introduced. 
Fl.—Late May to late July. 


Middle District Farmingdale, Allaire, New Egypt (C), Delanco, River- 
side, Hainesport, Pensauken, Browns Mills, Lawnside (S), Mickleton, Gren- 
loch, Tomlin, Franklinville (P), Almonessen, Swedesboro, Bridgeton, 
Millville. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (S$), Whitings, Waretown, Pen Bryn (S), 
Atco, Williamstown Jnc., Newfield, Landisville (T), Inskip. 

Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


é 


Panicum linearifolium Scribner. Linear-leaved Panic Grass. 


Panicum linearifolium Scribner, Britton and Brown’s Ill. Flora III.: s00 
f. 268a. June, 1898 [“Washington, D. C.,” prob=Md.]. 


Very rare; only reported from one station within our limits, 
where it was collected by Mr. C. L. Pollard, 1897. 


Coast Strip—Wildwood (H&C). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 199 


Panicum aciculare Desv. Bristling Panic Grass. 
Panicum aciculare “Desv” Poir, in Lamark Encycl. Suppl. 4:274. 1816 

[S. E. United States]. 

Dry sandy ground in the southern part of the Cape May 
peninsula, where it reaches the northern limit of its range. 
First found in the State by the writer on June 30, 1909, near 
Cold Spring. 

Fl.—Late June to late September. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Bennett, Fishing Creek (OHB). 


Panicum angustifolium Ell. Narrow-leaved Panic Grass. 


Panicum angustifolium Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I.: 129. 1816 [Florida]. 


Dry sandy ground in the southern part of the Cape May 
peninsula, where it was discovered by Mr. O: H. Brown, Septem- 
ber, 1909, extending the range north from Frankford, Delaware. 
The specimen labelled from “the Schuylkill River below Reading, 
Pa.,” in the Philadelphia Academy Herbarium, while undoubt- 
edly this species must have been mislabeled or introduced at that 
station, as the locality is so completely out of its proper habitat. 
Its chance introduction by canal boats is easily possible. 

Fl.—Late June to late September (probably). 


Cape May.—Green Creek. 


Panicum dichotomum L. Forked Panic Grass. 
Pl. IX., Fig. 1. 
Panicum dichotomum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 58. 1753 [Virginia] —Britton 280. 


A species of dry woodland not particularly abundant in our 
region, but probably more characteristic of the Middle district 
than of the Pine Barrens. In the latter it is found mostly along 
the cleared strip of ground bordering the railroads from which 
the undergrowth is constantly cut away as a precaution against 
the spread of forest fires, and where various dry ground Pani- 
cums flourish luxuriantly. That some of them owe their presence 
to the railroads I have little doubt. 

Fl,—Early June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Mickleton, Sicklerville (S), Yorktown (S). 


Pine Barrens—Lakehurst, Pancoast (S). 
Cape May.—Court House. 


200 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Panicum czerulescens Hack. Bluish Panic Grass. 
Panicum cerulescens “Hack” Hitchcock Contr..Nat. Herb. XII. 219. 1909 
[Miami, Fla.]. 
Vicinity of Cold Spring, Cape May Co., the northern limit of 
the species ; collected June 30, 1909, by the writer. 
Fl.—Late June to ——— 


Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


Panicum barbulatum Michx. Large-fruited Barbed Panic Grass. 


Panicum barbulatum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 49. 1803 [Carolina]. 


This has the same distribution as P. dichotomum, occurring in 
the Pine Barrens under the same conditions. 
Fl.—Early June to mid-July. 


Middle District—Woodbury, Medford (S), Clementon (S), Bridgeton (S). 
Pine Barrens.—Pancoast, Dennisville (S). 
Cape May.—Court House, Bennett. 


Panicum lucidum Ashe. Sphagnum Panic Grass. 


Panicum lucidum Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitch. Sci. Soc. XV. 47. 1898 [Lake 
Mattamuskeet, N. C.].—Keller and Brown 36. 
Panicum sphagnicola Nash, Brit. Man. Ed. I. 8s. 


Plentiful in bogs in the Pine Barrens and Cape May region, 
and less abundant in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Mid-June to mid-August. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Grenloch, Tomlin, Lawnside (S), Beaver 
Dam (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Lakehurst, Davenport, Forked River, Coxe’s, 
Bamber, Speedwell, Chatsworth, High Bridge (S), Atsion (H&C), Vine- 
land (S), Folsom 12th St. Pancoast, Tuckahoe (S), Palermo. 

Coast Strip—Anglesea, Wildwood. 

Cape May.—Court House, Dias Creek, Cold Spring. 


Panicum microcarpon Muhl. Barbed Panic Grass. 
Panicum microcarpon “Muhlenberg,” Elliot Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1816 
[Georgia]. ‘ 
Panicum barbulatum Keller and Brown 36. 
?Panicum nitidum var. ramulosum Torrey, Flora Nor. U. S. 146. 1824.— 
[Quaker Bridge, N. J.]. 


Damp shaded spots; apparently common except in the Pine 
Barrens. 
Fl.—Mid-June to mid-August. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 201 


Middle District.—Shark River, Farmingdale, Allaire (S), Pt. Pleasant (S). 
New Egypt, Birmingham, Fish House, Medford (S), Ballinger’s Mill, Lawn- 


side, Albion, Clementon, Sicklerville, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Riddleton, West 
of Vineland (S). 


Coast Strip.—Palermo, Peermont (S), Avalon, Wildwood. 
Cape May.—South Dennis (S$), Court House. 


Panicum mattamuskeetense Ashe. Mattamuskeet Panic Grass. 
Panicum mattamuskeetense Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitch. Sci. Soc. XV. 45. 
1898 [Lake Mattamuskeet, N. C.]. 

Differs from the next only in its greater pubescence ; possibly 
not distinct, in which case all the specimens will be known by 
the present name, which is the older. The only specimen that 
seems to belong here is one collected by Mr. Stewardson Brown 
at Anglesea, Cape May Co., in 1897. 

Fl.—Mid-June to early August. 


Coast Strip—Anglesea. 


Panicum clutei Nash. Clute’s Panic Grass. 
Panicum clutei Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, p. 569. 1899 [Tuckerton to 
Atsion, N. J.]. 

An abundant and easily recognized grass of damp spots in the 
Pine Barrens and Cape May region, and occurring here and 
there in the Middle district also. 

F].—Mid-June to early August. 

Middle District—Como, Farmingdale, New Egypt, 3 miles west of Cam- 
den, Griffith’s Swamp, Lawnside, Kirkwood, Yorktown, Centerton, Dividing 
Creek. 

‘Pine Barrens—Allaire, Pt. Pleasant, Toms River, Lakehurst, two miles 
south New Egypt, Bamber, Pasadena, Manahawkin, Tuckerton, Speedwell 
(S), Chatsworth, White Horse, Bear Swamp (S), Ballinger’s Mills, Clem- 
enton, Albion, Sicklerville, Ancora, Landisville, Winslow Jnc., Pancoast, 


Millville. 
Cape May.—Bennett, Court House (S). 


Panicum wrightianum Scribn. Wright’s Panic Grass. 


Panicum Wrightianum Scribner, Bull. XI. Div. Agrost. U. S. Dept. Agr. 44. 
1898 [Biloxi, Miss.].—Stone, Bartonia II., p. 29, 1910. 


Bogs of southern Cape May County. 

This beautiful little Panicum, distinguished from all our other 
species by the extremely minute spikelets, was discovered near 
Bennett, June 30, 1909, by the writer in company with several 


202 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


members of the Philadelphia Botanical Club. It had not been 
recorded previously from north of North Carolina. 

Fl.—Late June to late September. 

Cape May.—Bennett. 


Panicum spretum Schultes. Eaton’s Panic Grass. 


Panicum spretum Schultes, Mant. II, 248. 1824 [New England]. 
Panicum paucipilum Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, p. 573. 1899 [Wildwood, 
N. J.J. 

Plentiful in bogs and wet swamps in the Pine Barren and 
Cape May districts. The types of P. paucipilum were collected 
by Mr. E. P. Bicknell, May 30, 1897, at Wildwood, N. J. 
Specimens from Lakehurst differ in having the spikelets more 
elongated, but are regarded as inseparable by Hitchcock and 
Chase. 

Fl.—Late June to early August. 

Pine Barrens—Lakehurst, Bamber, Chatsworth, Bear Swamp, Winslow, 


Atsion (H&C), Belleplaine. 
Cape May.—South Dennis (S), Court House, Dias Creek, Goshen, Whites- 


boro, Bennett. 
Coast Strip—Wildwood (H&C). 


Panicum lindheimeri Nash. Lindheimer’s Panic Grass. 
Panicum Lindheimeri Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. XXIV. 106 [Texas]. 
Dry ground throughout our region. 
Fl.—Mid-June to early August. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Pemberton Jnc., Haddonfield (S), Med-,. 
ford, Washington Park, Lindenwold, Sicklerville (S), Glassboro (S) York- 
town, Bridgeton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—New Lisbon, W. Plains (S), Speedwell (S), Ballinger’s 
Mill, Winslow Jnc. (S), Folsom Twelfth St. Manahawkin, Woodbine, 
Palermo. 

Coast Strip—Wildwood. 

Cape May.—Dias Creek (S), Fishing Creek (OHB). 


Panicum leucothrix Nash. Glaucous Panic Grass. 


Panicum leucothrix Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XXIV. qr. 1807 [Eustis, 
Lake Co., Fla.] 


Sandy ground in the Pine Barrens; apparently not very 
common. 
Fl—Late June to late August, probably. 


Pine Barrens.—Forked River (H&C), Chatsworth, Atsion (H&C), Mouth 
of Batsto, Absecon (S$). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 203 


Panicum huachucze Ashe. Huachuca Panic Grass. 
Panicum huachue Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitch. Sci, Soc. XV. 51. 18098 
[Huachuca Mts., Arizona]. 

So far as our material goes this species seems to be restricted 
to the Middle district and Coastal strip, and the typical form is 
apparently not common in our region. 

The majority of our specimens have been identified by Hitch- 
cock and Chase as P. h. silvicola,* but many others are marked 
as intermediate and the characters are so slight that in practice 
it seems impossible to recognize them as distinct. 

F].—Mid-June to late July. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Sicklerville, Yorktown. 
Coast Strip.—Beach Haven (L), Piermont, Cold Spring. 


Panicum tennesseense Ashe. Tennessee Panic Grass. 


Panicum tennesseense Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitch. Sci. Soc. XV. 52. 1808 
[La Vergne Co., Tenn]. 
Distribution as in the last. 
Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July. . 
Middle District—Riddleton, Tabernacle (S). 
Coast Strip —St. Albans (1,), Palermo, Piermont, Wildwood. 


Panicum meridionale Ashe. Gray Panic Grass. 


Panicum meridionale Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitch. Sci. Soc. XV. 59. 1898 
[Chapel Hill, N. C]. 

Dry ground; abundant in the Pine Barrens, also in the Coast 
strip and Cape May district. 

Starred specimens in the list of localities have been identified 
by Hitchcock and Chase as P. albemarlense, a species which so 
far as this New Jersey material goes I find it impossible to sepa- 
rate from P. meridionale. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-August. ‘ 


*Panicum huachuce. silvicola Hitchcock and Chase, Rhodora X. 64. 1908 
[District of Columbia]. ; 

Middle District——Ballinger’s Mill (S), Medford (S), edge of Bear Swamp, 
Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip.—Sea Bright, Forked River, Spray Beach (L), St. Albans (L), 
Surf City (L), Beach Haven (L,), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Barrel Island (L), 
Avalon. 


204 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Hornerstown, Grenloch,* Medford* ($). 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Farmingdale, Lakehurst, Brown’s Mills Jnc., East 
Plains, Chatsworth, Ballinger’s Mill,* Bear Swamp* (S), Berlin (S), Sickler- 
ville, Landisville, Atsion (H&C), Winslow Jnc., Pancoast, Palermo. 

Coast Strip.—Anglesea, Piermont (S), Surf City* (L), N. Beach Haven* 
(L), Holgates (L,), Ship Bottom (L). 


Panicum oricola Hitch. & Chase. Coast Panic Grass. 
Panicum oricola Hitchcock and Chase, Rhodora VIII. 208. 1906 [Lewes, 
Del.]. 
Apparently restricted to the Coast strip and Pine Barrens. 
Fl.—Early June to mid-August. 


Pine Barrens—Toms River (H&C), Hornerstown, Forked River (H&C), 
Pasadena, Tuckerton (H&C), Chatsworth, E. Plains (H&C), Millville, Win- 
slow Jnc., Hammonton (H&C), Atsion (H&C), Absecon (H&C). 

Coast Sirip—Ship Bottom (L,), Spray Beach (L), Surf City (L), Beach 
Haven (L), Peahala (1,), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Atlantic City (H&C). 


Panicum lanuginosum Ell.+ Downy Panic Grass. 
Panicum lanuginosum Elliott, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 123. [Georgia]. 


Restricted to the coastal strip, where it is common along the 
edge of the salt marshes. 

Fl.—Late June to late July. 

Coast Strip—Peahala (L,), Beach Haven (L), St. Albans (L,), Surf City 


(L), N. Beach Haven (L,), Beach Haven Terrace (1,), Palermo, Piermont 
(S), Anglesea, Wildwood (H&C), Bennett (S). 


Panicum villosissimum Nash. Wooly Panic Grass. 


Panicum villosissimum Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXIII. 149. 1896 
[Ocmulgee Swamp, Ga.]. . 
Throughout our region in sandy localities, usually in woods. 
Fl.—Early June to early July. 


Middle District—Arneys Mt. (S), Grenloch, Mickleton, Glassboro (S), 
Sicklerville, Centerton (S), Husted (S), Millville. 


*Panicum albemarlense Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitch. Sci. Soc. XVI. 84. 1900 
[Beaufort and Hyde Cos., N. C.]. 


+ Hitchcock and Chase record P. auburne from New Jersey in Gray’s 
Manual, Ed. VII., 1908, p. 111, but apparently repudiate the statement in their 
subsequent monograph of the genus where they do not know it north of 
Virginia. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 205 


Pine Barrens—Bear Swamp, Ballinger’s Mill, Cedar Brook, Landisville, 
Inskip, Winslow Jnc., Folsom, Petersburg. 

Coast Strip—Avalon. 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Wildwood Jnc. (H&C), Dias Creek, Ben- 
nett, Cold Spring (S), Fishing Creek (OHB). 


Panicum pseudopubescens Nash. Smoothish Panic Grass. 
Panicum pseudopubescens Nash, Bull. Torr. Club XXVI. 577. 1899 [Auburn, 
Lee Co., Ala.]. 

One specimen collected by Mr. Benjamin Heritage near 
Mickleton has been identified as this species by Hitchcock and 
Chase, and several other records appear in their monograph of 
the genus. Evidently not common. 

Middle District—Camden (H&C), Mickleton. 


Pine Barrens.—Atsion (H&C). 
Cape May.—Wildwood Jnc. (H&C). 


Panicum commonsianum Ashe. Commons’ Panic Grass. 
Panicum commonsianum Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitch. Sci. Soc. XV. 55. 1898 
[Cape May Pt., N. J.]. 

Plentiful in dry ground throughout the Pine Barren and Cape 
May districts. The type was collected by Mr. Albert Commons, 
the well known authority on the Delaware flora, at Cape May 
Point, N. J. 

Fl.—Early June to late July. 

Pine Barrens—Farmingdale (S), Lakehurst, Davenport, Toms River 
(H&C), Whitings, Brown’s Mills, New Lisbon, Bamber, Forked River, Pasa- 
dena, E. Plains (S), Speedwell, Chatsworth (S), White Horse (S), Taber- 
nacle, head of Batsto River, Clementon, Sumner, Albion, Sicklerville, east of 
Centerton (S), Vineland (S), Landisville (T), Atsion (H&C), Millville, 
Twelfth St. Pancoast. 


Coast Strip.—Wildwood (H&C). 
Cape May.—Cape May Pt. ($8). 


Panicum commonsianum addisonii Nash. Addison Brown’s Panic Grass. 


Panicum addisonii Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXV. 83. 1808 [ Wildwood, 
N. J.]. 

ae in dry sandy ground, especially in the Pine Barrens, 
but locally at least throughout our region. 

The type specimen of this species, which is essentially a 
diminutive of the preceding, was collected by Mr. E. P. Bicknell 
at Wildwood, May 30, 1897. It is named after Hon. Addison 
Brown, joint author of the “Tllustrated Flora.” 


206 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


So many New Jersey specimens are regarded as intermediate 
between commonsianum and addisonti by Hitchcock and Chase, 
to whom they were submitted, that it seems more reasonable 
to regard them as sub-species rather than as full species. 

Fl.—Early June to late July. 


Middle District—Farmingdale (S), Woodbury, Tomlinson’s Medford (S), 
Lawnside (S), Union Grove (S), Bridgeton (S). 

Pine Barrens —Lakehurst, Toms River (H&C), Whitings, Brown’s Mills, 
E. Plains (S), Tuckerton (H&C), Chatsworth, Albion, Ballinger’s Mills, Lan- 
disville, Inskip, Atsion (H&C), Mays Landing,, Somers Pt. (H&C). 

Coast Strip—Wildwood (H&C), Piermont (S). 

Cape May.—Wildwood Jnc. (H&C), Dias Creek (S), Cape May (S). 


Panicum tsugetorum Nash. Hemlock Panic Grass. 


Panicum tsugetorum Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXV. 86. 1898 [N. Y. 
Botanic Garden]. 


Casually throughout our region, but most plentiful in the pine 
woods of the Pine Barrens in company with the two preceding 
and the following. 

Fl.—Early June to late July: 


Middle District—Riverside, Lawnside (S), Medford (S), Glassboro (S), 
Centerton (S), Bridgeton (S). 

Pine Barrens —Forked River (H&C), Tuckerton (H&C), E. Plains (S), 
Chatsworth (S), White Horse (S), Atsion (H&C), Pancoast (S), Palermo. 

Cape May.—Wildwood Jnc. (H&C), Bennett (S), Court House. 


Panicum columbianum Scribn. Columbia Panic Grass. 


Panicum columbianum Scribner, Bull. VII. Div. Agrost. U. S. Dept. Agr. 78. 
1897 [N. Eng. to Carolinas, Tenn. and Ala.]—Keller and Brown 37. 
Panicum psammophilum Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXVI. 576. 18099 

[Toms River, N. J.]. 


Dry sandy woods of the Pine Barrens and casually in the 
Middle, Cape May and Coast districts. 
Fl.—Early June to late July. 


Middle District—Shark River, Grenloch, Lawnside. 

Pine Barrens—Allaire (S), Farmingdale (S), Lakehurst (H&C), Toms 
River (H&C), Brown’s Mills, New Lisbon, Tuckerton (H&C), E. Plains, 
Chatsworth, Atco, Sicklerville, Atsion (H&C), Folsom, Pancoast, Palermo. 

Coast Strip.—Anglesea, Wildwood (H&C). 

Cape May.—Court House. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 207 


Panicum columbianum thinium Hitch & Chase. 
Panicum unciphyllum thiniwm Hitchcock and Chase, Rhodora VIII. 209. 
[Toms River, N. J.] 


Distribution similar to the last, from which it is perhaps hardly 
separable. 
Fl.—Early June to late July. 


Middle District Lawnside (S$), Mantoloking (H&C). 
Pine Barrens—Toms River (H&C), Forked River (H&C), Chatsworth 


{S), Bear Swamp (S), Atsion (H&C), Tuckerton (H&C), Palermo, Egg 
Harbor City. 


Coast Strip—Ocean City (S). 
Cape May—Court House (S). 


Panicum ensifolium Baldwin. Britton’s Panic Grass. 


Panicum ensifolium Baldwin, in Elliott Flor. S. Car. & Ga. I. 126, 1817 
[Georgia]. 

Panicum Brittoni Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXIV. 194. 1807 [Forked 
River, N. J.]. 

Boggy or wet sandy ground in the Pine Barren and Cape 
May districts, and locally in west Jersey. 

This is the most delicate species after P. wrightianum. It 
was first collected in New Jersey by Dr. N. L. Britton at Forked 
River, in 1896, and as it was at that time thought to be a new 
species, Mr. Nash named it in honor of the collector. 

Fl.—E arly June to mid-July. 


Middle District—Lawnside (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Pt. Pleasant, Toms River (H&C), Forked River, 
Manahawkin, Penn Place (H&C), Atsion (H&C), Chatsworth, Speedwell, 
Pancoast. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Panicum sphzerocarpon Ell. Round-fruited Panic Grass. 


Panicum spherocarpon Elliot, Flor. of S. Car. & Ga. I. 125. 1817 [Georgia]. 
Britton 281.—Keller and Brown 37. 


Sandy ground; locally in northern New Jersey and common 
throughout our region. One of the most uniformally distributed - 
and easily recognized species, the small round spikelets, broad, 
short and stiff leaves being particularly characteristic. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-August. 


Middle District—Medford, Lawnside (S). 

Pine Barrens—Farmingdale (S), Forked River, Tuckerton, New Lisbon, 
White Horse, Chatsworth, Speedwell (S), Atco, Pancoast (S), Palermo, 
Dennisville (S). 


208 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Coast Strip—Spray Beach (L,), Peahala (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), 
Beach Haven (L). St. Albans (L), Surf City (L), Barrel Isl. (L), Long- 
port (S), Avalon, Piermont, Wildwood. 

Cape May.—Wildwood Jnc., Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Green Creek (S), 
Cape May (H&C). 


Panicum polyanthes Schultes. Small-fruited Panic Grass. 


Panicum polyanthes Schultes, Mant. II. 257. 1824. New name for P. multi- 
florum Ell. [nec. Poir] [S. Carolina]. 
Panicum microcarpon Britton 281. 
Damp shady ground, apparently not very common in our 
region, and found only in the Middle and Cape May districts. 
Fl.—Late June to mid-July. Secondary panicles very rare. 
Middle District—Sea Bright, Camden Co. (C), Pemberton Jnc. (S), Med- 


ford (S), Ballinger’s Mill (S), Yorktown, Maple Shade. 
Cape May.—Bennett. 


Panicum commutatum Schultes. Variable Panic Grass. 
Panicum commutatum Schultes, Mant. III. 24. 1824 [Carolina and Georgia]. 


Our only record is at Bennett, Cape May Co., where I col- 
lected it June 30, 1909. 

Fl.—Early June to late July. 

Cape May.—Bennett (S). 


Panicum ashei Pearson. Ashe’s Panic Grass. 


Panicum Ashei T. G. Pearson, in Ashe Jour. Elisha Mitch. Sci. Soc. XV. 

35. 1898 [Wilmington, N. C.]. : 

Plentiful in dry sandy woodland of the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May districts, and less abundant in the Middle district and Coast 
strip. 

The early forked branching and general smooth rigid ap- 
pearance are characteristic of this species, as is the frequent 
purplish coloration. 

Fl.—lLate May to mid-July, rarely later. 

Middle District—Shark River, Woodbury, Glassboro (S), Sewell (S), 
Bridgeton (S), Yorktown. 

Pine Barrens,—Bamber, Waretown, Tuckerton (H&C), Albion (S), Sick. 
lerville, Landisville, Millville, Atsion (H&C), Winslow Jnc., Folsom, Egg 
Harbor City (H&C), Pancoast, Petersburg, Dennisville (S). 

Coast Strip—Wildwood (H&C). 


Cape May.—Court House, Wildwood Jnc (H&C), Bennett (S), Whites- 
boro (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 209 


Panicum scribnerianum Nash. Scribner’s Panic Grass. 


Panicum scribnerianum Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXII. 421. 1805. 
New name for P. scoparium minor Scrib. [nee P. capillare minor Muhl.] 
[Wysox, Pa.].—Keller and Brown 37. 

Panicum scoparium Button, 280. 

Restricted to the Middle district and certain localities in the 
northern counties. Locally common in dry, sandy ground. 
Named for Prof. F. Lamson Scribner, the well known agros- 
tologist, who was for some years an active student of the flora 
of Philadelphia and vicinity and who first mounted and arranged 
the North American grasses in the herbarium of the Philadelphia 
Academy. 

Fl.—Late May to early July. 


Middle District—Crosswicks Creek, Delanco, Riverside, Woodbury, Gren- 
loch, Lawnside (S), Collingswood (S), Medford (S), Mt. Holly, Swedes- 
boro. 


Panicum oligosanthes Schultes. Few-fruited Panic Grass. 


Panicum oligosanthes Schultes, Mant. II. 256. 1824. [New name for P. 
pauciforum Ell.—.Georgia]. 

Known only from the Middle, Pine Barren and Cape May dis- 
tricts, where I have collected it in sandy soil at several localities. 
Previously it was not known north of Delaware. 

Fl.—Early June to mid-July. 


Middle District—Medford, Lawnside (S$). 
Pine Barrens.—Atsion (H&C). 
Cape May.—Bennett. . 


Panicum scoparium Lam. Velvety Panic Grass. 


Panicum scoparium Lamark, Encycl. VII. 744. 1797 [S. Carolina]—Keller 
and Brown 37. 
Panicum viscidum Britton 281. 

Common in moist ground along the entire coast marshes and 
up the Delaware River at least to Camden, following the larger 
streams into the limits of the Middle and Pine Barren districts at 
several points, 

Its large size and dense velvety pubescence serve to dis- 
tingttish it. 

Fl.—Early July to late August. 

14 MUS 


210 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Kaighns Pt. National Park, So. Westville, 8 miles west 
Mickleton, Centerton (S$), Bridgeton (S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—wWilliamstown Jnc., Winslow Jnc., Folsom, Woodbine (S$), 
Dennisville. 

Coast Strip—Avon (H&C), Pt. Pleasant, Manahawkin, Spray Beach (L). 
Tuckerton (H&C), Palermo, Ocean City, Estelville, Mays Landing (S), 
Anglesea, Wildwood (H&C), Peermont (S), Manumuskin (S). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring, Court House, Cape May. 


Panicum cryptanthum Ashe. Sheathed Panic Grass. 
Panicum cryptanthum Ashe, N. C. Agr. Sta. Bull. 175, 115. 1900 [Wilson’s 
Mill, N. CJ. 

Known only from Twelfth St. (Folsom), Atlantic Co., near 
where it crosses Hospitality Branch in the Pine Barrens. It was 
collected here July 27, 1909, by Mr. Bayard Long, and thereby 
its range was extended far northward. 

Hitchcock and Chase* have recorded this specimen as from 
Atlantic City, a locality thirty miles to the east in a totally differ- 
ent floral district. 


Pine Barrens —Twelfth St. Folsom. 


Panicum aculeatum Hitchcock & Chase. Chase’s Panic Grass. 


Panicum aculeatum Hitchcock and Chase, Rhodora VIII. 209. 1906 [Tacoma 
Park, D. C.]. 

Just as the work is passing through the press Mr. O. H. 
Brown sends a Panicum from Cape May, which agrees in all 
respects with this species, except that the spikelets are a little 
smaller and the leaves shorter than a specimen from the District 
of Columbia collected by Mr. House. If not identical it repre- 
sents a form exceedingly close to P. aculeatum. Mr. Long has 
apparently the same thing from Albion, September 7, 1910. 


Panicum scabriusculum Ell. Elliot’s Panic Grass. 


Panicum scrabriusculum Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 121 [Savannah]. 


Confined to moist ground in the Pine Barrens. First dis- 
covered in the State by Mr. Bayard Long on Hospitality Branch, 
where it crosses Twelfth St. (Folsom), July 27, 1909. 

Not previously known from north of Virginia. 

Fl.—Early July to mid-August. 


*N. A. Panicum. Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15, p. 200. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 2II 
Pine Barrens.—Twelfth St. Hospitality Branch, Pleasant Mills,N. of Atsion. 


Panicum clandestinum L. Hispid Panic Grass. 
Panicum clandestinum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 58 1753 [Pennsylvania].—Britton 
280. 

Swampy thickets; common in the northern counties and also 
in the Middle district and Coast strip all the way to Cape May, 
but not recorded from the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Mid-June to early September. 

Middle District Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delanco, Hartford, Fish House, 
Haddonfield (S), Medford, Ballinger’s Mill (S), Lawnside (S), Woodbury, 
Tomlin, Albion, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Centerton (S). 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Toms River, Manahawkin, Ocean City 


(S), Piermont, Wildwood (H&C), Holly Beach (UP). 
Cape May.—Court House, Cold Spring. 


Panicum boscii Poir. Porter’s Panic Grass. 
Panicum Boscii Poiret, in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. IV: 278. 1816 [Carolina]. 
Casual in the Middle district and probably common in the 
northern counties. While some specimens present more pubes- 
cence than others, none seem worthy of separation under P. b. 


molle. 
F].—Early June to early August. 


Middle District—Westville, Medford, Swedesboro, Fairton. 
Cape May.—Bennett, Cape May. 
Panicum latifolilum L. Broad-leaved Panic Grass, 


Panicum latifolium Linneus, Sp. Pl. 58. 1753 [America].—Britton 280. 
Panicum macrocarpon Le Conte, Torrey Cat. 91. 1819.—Keller and Brown 38. 


Edges of woods, dry ground; common in the northern part of 
the State, but rare within our region and confined to the Middle 


district. 
Fl.—Early June to mid-July. 
Middle District.—Mickieton. 


SACCIOLEPIS Nash. 


Sacciolepis striata (L.). Gibbous Panic Grass. 


Holcus striatus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1048. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Sacciolepis gibba Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1908, p. 456. 


212 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Confined to the lower part of the Cape May peninsula, growing 
in moist soil. This species was discovered on the border of Lily 
Lake, Cape May Point, in September, 1905, by Mr. C. 5. 
Williamson. It was not previously known from north of Vir- 
ginia. . 

Fl.—Early August into October. 

Cape May.—Cape May Pt. 


ECHINOCHLOA Beauvois. 
Echinocloa walteri (Pursh). Salt-Marsh Cockspur Grass. 


Pl. XI., fig. 3. 
Panicum Walteri Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 66. 1814 [Canada and New York 
near salt water]. 
Panicum Crus-galli hispidum Knieskern 40.—Britton 282. 


Common along the edge of salt marshes on the entire coast 
and introduced at a few spots in west Jersey. Distinguished 
from the common weed “Barnyard Grass” E. Crus-galli (L) 
by its much larger head and longer bristles. 

Fi.—Late August to early October. 

Middle District—Clementon. 

Maritime Seaside Park (Ha), Forked River, Barnegat City (L), 


Harvey Cedars (L), Beach Haven (L), Ocean City (S), Tuckahoe (S), 
Sea Isle City (S), Avalon, Cape May, Dennisville (S). 


CHA=TOCHLOA Scribner. 


Key to the Species 


a, Bristles downwardly barbed, spikes adhering to one’s clothing. 


[C. vertictllata]* 
aa. Bristles upwardly barbed.. 
b. Spike 20-50 cm. long, green. C. magna, p. 213 
bb. Spike 10-20 cm. long, purplish. [C. italica]t 
bbb. Spike less than 15 cm. long. 
c. Annual, with merely a tuft of slender rootlets. 


d. Bristles green, spikelets 2 mm. long. [C. viridis] 

dd. Bristles tawny yellow, spikelets 2.5-3 mm. [C. glauca]§ 
cc. Perennial, with a creeping root stalk. 

d. Culms tufted, green or purplish. C. imberbis, p. 213 


* Barbed Foxtail Grass. A weed about dwellings. 
¥ Millet. Cultivated and escaped in waste ground. 
t Green Foxtail Grass. A common weed. 

§ Yellow Foxtail Grass. A common weed. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 213 


dd. Culms not tufted, bristles and tips of spikelets purplish. 
Coast plant. C. 4. versicolor, p. 213 


Chzetochloa imberbis R. & S. Native Fox-tail Grass. 
Pl. XL, Fig. 5. 

Setaria imberbis Roemer and Schultes, Syst. II. 891 [N. A. and Brazil]. 

Moist ground in the Middle district; probably more common 
than our collections would indicate, as it has been confused with 
the introduced species C. glauca and C. viridis, so common about 
cultivated ground. It can be told at once by the creeping root- 
stalk, being a perennial, while the others are annuals. 

Fl.—Mid-July to late September. 

Middle District—Pemberton Jnc. (S), Delanco, Camden. 


Cheetochloa imberbis versicolor (Bicknell). Coast Fox-tail Grass. 


Chetochloa versicolor Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club. 25. Feb. 1898. p. 105 
[Van Courtland Park, N. Y.]. 


Common along the edges of the salt marshes on the coast as 
well as on the bay: shore of Cape May at least as far as Dias 
Creek. 

Fl.—Mid-July to late September. 

Maritime.—Seaside Park, Forked River, Manahawkin, Surf City (L), 
Barnegat City (L), St. Albans (L,),, Peahala (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), 
Sherburn’s (L,), Beach Haven (L,), Cedar Bonnet (L), Absecon (S), Atlan- 
tic City, Ocean City, Palermo, Cape May Court House, Cape May, Dias Creek. 

Chzetochloa magna (Griseb.). Giant Fox-tail Grass. 
Setaria magna Grisebeck, Fl. Brit. W. Indies. 1861. 554 [Jamaica]. 

Found on the edge of the salt marshes near the Cape May 
Point lighthouse, in September, 1891, by the writer, but not seen 
there in recent years. Re-discovered September, 1911, on the 
ocean side of the peninsula, below Cold Spring, by Mr. O. H. 
Brown. There is also a specimen in the Academy from the W. 
Wynne Wister herbarium labeled “N. J. 1863.” 

Fl.—Late July to late September or into October. 

Maritime.—Wildwood (UP), Cape May Pt. (S), Near Cold Spring. 


CENCHRUS L. 
Key to the Species. 


@. Bur-like involucres, 8 mm. thick, short, pubescent. C. carolinianus, p. 214 
aa. Bur-like involucres, 12-14 mm. thick, densely long, pubescent. 
C. tribuloides, p. 214 


214. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Flowering Data.—Time of year indicates the season during 
which well developed involucres and intact racemes are present. 


Cenchrus carolinianus Walt. Hedgehog Grass. Sand Bur. 


PI. XV., Fig. 6. 
Cenchrus carolinianus Walter, Flor. Carolina, 79. 1788 [Carolina, probably]. 
Cenchrus tribuloides Knieskern 40.—Britton 282 (in part).—Keller and Brown 


39. 
Cenchrus echinatus Muhlenberg, Cat. 7. 1813.—Barton Flora Phila. I. 38. 
1818— Muhlenberg Gram. 51. 1817.—Torrey Fl. U. S. I. 68. 1824. 

Common in sandy soil throughout our region, extending into 
the Northern district along the Delaware and in Bergen Co., 
according to Britton. 

The character of the occurrence of this grass would seem to 
indicate that it was not originally found in the Pine Barrens or 
Coast region, but has entered from the surrounding areas. 

Fl.—Mid-July to late September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Delanco, Camden; Blackwood, Washington 
Park (S). Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville, Twelfth St., Absecon (S). 


Coast Strip—Beach Haven (L). 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Goshen (S), Dias Creek. 


Cenchrus tribuloides L. Coast Sand Bur. 


Cenchrus tribuloides Linneeus, Sp. Pl. 1050. 1753 [Coast of Virginia].— 
Muhlenberg, Cat. 7. 1813——Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. I. 60. 1814.—Muhlenberg 
Gram. 52. 1817.—Torrey Fl. U. S. I. 69. 1824. 

Cenchrus macrocephalus Keller and Brown 39. 

Common on sand dunes along the lower half of the coast. 
Fl.—Mid-July to mid-September. 
Maritime.—Surf City (L), Tucker’s (L), Beach Haven (L), Holgate’s 


(L), St. Albans (L,), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City, Longport (S), Ocean 
City, Stone Harbor (S), Anglesea, Wildwood, Cape May (OHB). 


ZIZANIA L, 
Zizania palustris L. Wild Rice. 

Zizania palustris Linneus, Mantissa II. 295. 1771 {North America]. 
Zizania aquatica Knieskern 37—Barton Fl. Phila. II. 168. 1818—Britton 283. 

Plentiful in water along the larger rivers and swamps of the 
Middle and Cape May districts and the Coastal strip, running 
well up into the Pine Barrens along the principal water courses, 
but not strictly speaking, a member of the Pine Barren flora. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 215 


This is the Wild Rice which covers the broad marshes of the 
Delaware as well as those of Newark and Hackensack, associated 
with Cat-tails, Spartina and Phragmites. By the latter part of 
July it is in full flower, and the drooping sprays of staminate 
flowers and broad green leaves remind one of a field of narrow 
leaved corn. In September it has become the shelter of thousands 
of reed birds and rail, and the gunners soon begin to beat 
and trample it down in pursuit of their game. The storms of 
autumn complete the work and by winter the acres of swaying 
and fluttering foliage are reduced to a dense brown mat which 
covers the marsh, and through which, in the following spring, the 
tender green sprouts of the next year’s crop push their way and 
once again give color to the meadows. 

The Rice sometimes follows the course of small streams for 
many miles back from the rivers or coast. I have found it on 
Cooper’s Creek, twelve miles from its mouth, while it follows the 
larger streams as far as the head of tidewater. Very often a dam 
makes a sharp line of demarkation between the tidewater and 
Pine Barren floras, as at Toms River, Batsto, Mays Landing, 
Millville, etc., and checks abruptly the range of the Wild Rice. 

Fl.—Mid-July through August, spikelets soon dropping. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton (NB), Fish House, Oaklyn (S), 
Mickleton, Swedesboro, Salem (S). 

Coast Strip—Metedeconk River (NY), Toms River (S), Forked River, 


Weekstown, Forks of Batsto, Mays Landing. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB), New England Creek (OHB). 


HOMALOCENCHRUS Mieg. 
a. Spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long, greenish, panicle branches rigid. 
H. virginicus, p. 215 
aa. Spikelets 4-5 mm. long, whitish, panicle branches drooping. 
H. oryzoides, p. 216 


Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.). White Grass. 


Leersia virginica Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 1. 325. 1797 [North America].—Barton, 
Fl. Phil. I. 41. 1818—Knieskern 37. 
Homalocenchrus virginica Britton 283—Keller and Brown 39. 


Common in damp shady spots in the Middle and Cape May 
districts. 

Fl—tLate July to early September, spikelets of exserted 
panicles soon dropping. 


216 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Sea Bright (NY), New Egypt, Hartford, Merchantville 
(KB), Delaire, Oaklyn (S), Springdale (S), Mickleton (NY), Washington 
Park (S), Swedesboro, Woodstown (KB), Salem (S). 

Cape May.—Whitesboro, Green Creek (S), Sluice Creek (S). 


Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.). Rice Cut-Grass. 
Pl. VIL, Fig. 4. 

Phalaris oryzoides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 55. 1753 | Virginia]. 
Homalocenchrus oryzoides Britton 284. 
Leersia orysoides Barton, Fl. Phil. I. 41. 1818—Knieskern 37. 

Common in wet swamps throughout, except in the Pine Bar- 
rens, where it occurs only as an intrusion from the coast. 

Fl__Early August to mid-September, spikelets of exserted 
panicles soon dropping. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Delanco (S), Hartford, Camden (P), Oak- 
lyn (S), Lawnside (S), Springdale (S) Lindenwold (S), Clementon, Albion, 
Tomlin, Salem (S), Dividing Creek. 

Coast Strip—Bay Head (NY), Barnegat City (L), Manahawkin, 4 mi. E. 
of Hammonton (S), Forks of Batsto, Mays Landing (S), Piermont (S), 
Wildwood (UP). 

Cape May.—Seaville (S), 3 mi. W. of Court House (S), Cape May (OHB). 

PHALARIS L., 
Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed Canary Grass. 
Pl. X., Fig. 3. 
Phalaris arundinacea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 55. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 285. 


Frequent in open swamps in the northern counties, extending 
into the upper part of the Middle district.: * 
Fl.—Early June to early July. 


Middle District—Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Delair, Pemberton Jnc. (S), 
Mickleton, Swedesboro. 


SAVASTANA Schrank. 
Savastana odorata (L.). Holy Grass. 


Holcus odoratus Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 1048. 1753 [Europe]. 
Hierochloa borealis Willis 76.—Torrey Flor. U. S. 150. 1824.—Knieskern 30. 
Hierochloa odorata Britton 285. 
Savastana odorata Keller and Brown 30. 

Rather common along the edge of the salt marshes of the 
coast, especially where they join the first low thickets of the up- 
land. Reported from Salem, but we have no other records for 


the bay shore. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 217 


The coastal strip seems to have a much later awakening in 
spring time than the, western part of the State, and when the 
gray-green is beginning to tinge the landscape of the lower Dela- 
ware valley the shore marshes are still wrapped in the dull brown 
of winter. Even then, however, careful search will disclose the 
little brownish spikes of the Holy Grass pushing through the 
sod and unfurling their sprays of yellow anthers to the cold 
winds that still sweep in from the ocean. ‘The long narrow 
glossy leaves come later and do not attain their full growth until 
the flower stalk has dried up. 

The Lake Como specimen has been identified as S. nashit, but 
the form does not appear separable. 

F].—Late April to late May. Panicles appear in early April 
and after flowering become dry and persist until midsummer. 

Maritime.—Sea Bright (C), Lake Como, Squan (C), Pt. Pleasant (KB), 
Bay Head, Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), 
Anglesea (H), Cape May Ct. House, Cape May, Salem. 


Also a specimen collected by J. H. Grove in a roadside near Lakehurst, July 
23, 1808, perhaps introduced. 


ARISTIDA L. 


Key to the Species. 


a, Awns twisted together spirally below the middle. A. tuberculosa, p. 218 
aa. Awns separate to the base. 
b. Middle awn coiled at the base, lateral awns very short. 
A. dichotoma, p. 217 
bb. Middle awn not coiled at the base. 

c. Middle awn 35-70 mm. long, lateral awns not much shorter. 

A, oligantha, p. 218 
cc. Middle awn less than 25 mm. long. 


d. Lower sheaths densely wooly. A. lanosa, p. 219 
dd. Sheaths glabrous. 
e. 3-8 dm. tall, panicle dense. A, purpurascens, p. 218 
ee. 1.5-5 dm. tall, panicle slender. A. gracilis, p. 218 


Aristida dichotoma Michx. Poverty Grass. 
Pl. VIII, Fig. 9. 


Aristida dichotoma Michaux, Fl. Ber. Am. I. 41. 1803 [Lincoln, N. Car.].— 
Knieskern 38.—Britton 286. 


Dry ground throughout the State. 
Fi.—Late August to early October. 


218 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Keyport (NB), New Egypt, Fish House (S), Orchard 
(S), Westmont (S), Medford (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens——Waretown, Absecon, Atsion, Landisville, Mays Landing, 
Palermo (S). 


Aristida gracilis Ell. Slender Poverty Grass. 
Pl. VIIL, Fig. 4. 
Aristida gracilis Elliott, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 142. 1817 [Charleston, S. C.).— 
Knieskern 38.—Gray Man. Ed. I. 584. 1848.—Britton 286. 
Dry ground throughout the State, often growing with the last. 
Fl.—Early August to early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Crosswicks, Medford, Clementon, Taunton. 
Pine Barrens—Atsion, Mays Landing. 

Coast Strip—Forked River, Spray Beach (L), Sherburn’s (L). 

Cape May.—Green Creek (S). 


Aristida tuberculosa Nutt. Beach Poverty Grass. 


Aristida tuberculosa Nuttall, Genera I. 57. 1818 [Augusta, Ga.]—Knieskern 
38.—Willis 73— Gray Man. Ed. I. 585. 1848—Britton 286—Keller and 
Brown 4o. 

Sandy ground along the upper coast or inland therefrom, 
where it has possibly followed the railroads. It occurs at South 
Amboy to the north of our limits. 

Fl.—Late August to late September. 


Middle District—Middletown Pt., Keyport (NB). 
: Pine Barrens—Pasadena (introduced along railroad). 
Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Waretown, Toms River, 


Aristida oligantha Michx. Few-flowered Poverty Grass. 
Aristida oligantha Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 41. 1803 [Prairies of Illinois]. 
Dry sandy ground in the lower part of the Middle district; 
first obtained at Swedesboro by Mr. C. D. Lippincott. I am 
inclined to believe that this species has been introduced from the 
Mississippi Valley. 
Fil.—Late August to early October. 


Middle District—Fenwick, Clementon, Mickleton, Swedesboro. 


Aristida purpurascens Poir. Purplish Poverty Grass. 


Pl, XIL, Fig. 2. 


Aristida purpurascens Poiret in Lamark Encycl. Suppl. I. 452. 1810 [Caro- 
lina]—Knieskern 38.—Torrey Flora U. S. I. 81. 1824.—Britton 286. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 219 


Locally in the northern counties and locally common in dry 
sandy ground throughout our region. 

Fl.—Late August to early October, 

Middle District—New Egypt, Freeman’s, Medford (S), Haddonfield (S), 


Clementon, Lawnside (S), Washington Park (S$), Woodbury, Tomlin, Pauls- 
boro (H). 

Pine Barrens.—Pasadena, Batsto, Albion, Atco, Atsion, Cedar Lake, Landis- 
ville, Malaga (S), Mays Landing (C). . 

Coast Strip.—Cox’s, Seaville, Piermont, Anglesea. 

Cape May.—Court House (S$), Anglesea Jnc., Bennett. 


Aristida lanosa Muh]. Wooly Poverty Grass. 
Aristida lanosa Muhlenberg, Gram. 174. 1817 [Carolina]. 


Dry sandy ground, locally in the Middle and Cape May dis- 
tricts. First detected at Medford by Mr. Stewardson Brown 
and the writer. Previously apparently confused with the pre- 
ceding. 

Fl—kKarly August to mid-September. 


_ Middle District—Locust Grove (S), Medford (S), Lindenwold (S). 
Cape May.—Town Bank (S). 


STIPA L. 
Stipa avenacea L. Black Oat Grass. 
Pl. VL. Fig. 3. 


Stipa avenacea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 78. 1753 [Virginia] —Muhlenberg Gram. 
181. 1817.—Torrey FI. U. S. I. 80. 1824.—Knieskern 38.—Britton 286.— 
Keller and Brown 4o. 

Stipa bicolor Barton, Fl. Phil. I. 54. 1818. 


Locally in Bergen and Passaic counties and common in dry 
sandy ground in the Middle district; less common in other parts 
of our region. 

A striking grass with its long twisted awns. 

Fl.—Late May to early June. Fruit matures very rapidly and 
immediately drops. 

Middle District—Phalanx (NY), Farmingdale, Brindletown, Browns Mills, 
Kaighns Pt., Westville (P), Sewell, Glassboro, Medford (S), Albion, Sickler- 
vile, Berlin, Lindenwold, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Millville (S). ; 

Pine Barrens.—Lakehurst, Landisville, Newtonville, Winslow Jnc., White 
Horse (P), Mays Landing, Palermo. (Probably none of these typical Pine 


Barrens.) ; 
Cape May.—Dennisville (OHB), Cape May, Cold Spring. 


220 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


MUHLENBERGIA Schreber. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Panicle purplish, open and diffuse, each spikelet on a filiform pedicel and 


with a hair-like awn. M. capillaris, p. 221 
aa. Panicle contracted, spike-like or exceedingly slender and appressed, culms 

branched. 

b. Flowering scales not awned. M. mexicana, p. 220 


bb. Flowering scales awned. 
c. Panicles not dense and cylindrical. 


d, Outer scales equal in length to the flowering scale. 
M., sylvatica, p. 220 


dd. Outer scales about two-thirds as long as the flowering scale. 
M. tenuiflora, p. 221 


ddd. Outer scales minute, less than one-third as long as the flower- 
ing scale. M. diffusa, p. 221 


cc. Panicles dense and cylindrical, spike-like. M. foliosa, p. 220 


Muhlenbergia foliosa Trin. Leafy Muhlenbergia. 
Muhlenbergia foliosa Trinius, Gram. Unifl. 190. 1824 [Pennsylvania]. 

Bogs of the Middle district; rare (probably also northward), 
only known from Lindenwold, where it was discovered by the 
writer September 20, 1910, and was fairly plentiful in good con- 
dition. 

Fl_—_tLate August to early October. 

Middle District Lindenwold. 


Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.). Meadow Muhlenbergia. 
PI. VIL, Fig. 3. 

Agrostis mexicana Linneus, Mant. I. 31. 1767 [America].—Barton, FI. 

Phila. I. 42. 1818. 
Muhlenbergia mexicana Knieskern 37.—Britton 287. 

Throughout the northern counties; south locally in the Mid- 
dle district and on the coast. 

Fl.—Mid-August to late September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Delair, Swedesboro. 
Coast Strip.—Barnegat. 


Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr.). Wood Muhlenbergia. 


Agrostis sylvatica Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 87. 1824 [Mountains of N. J.]. 
Muhlenbergia sylvatica Knieskern 37—Britton 287. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 221 


Northern counties in shady moist ground, and reported from 
Monmouth and Ocean counties by Knieskern. 


Pine Barrens—Landisville (T), probably introduced. 


Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.). Slender Muhlenbergia. 
Agrostis tenuiflora Willdenow, Sp. Pl. I. 364. 1798 [North America]. 
Muhlenbergia tenuiflora Knieskern 37.—Britton 287.—Keller and Brown—41. 

Shady ground; frequent in the northern counties and rare in 
the Middle district. Reported by Knieskern from Ocean and 
Monmouth Counties. 

Fl.—Late July to mid-September. 

Middle District—Swedesboro. 


Muhlenbergia diffusa Willd. Nimble Will. 
Muhlenbergia diffusa Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 1:320. 1797 [Pennsylvania].— 
Knieskern 37——Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 15. 1819.—Britton 287. 
Frequent in dry shady ground in the northern counties and 
occasionally southward in the Middle district and Coastal Strip. 
Fl.—Late August to late September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Swedesboro, Mickleton (H). 
Coast Strip—Forked River, Anglesea, Cape May (OHB). 
Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Long-awned Hair-Grass. 


Stipa capillaris Lamark, Tabl. Encycl. I. 158. 1791 [Carolina.]. 

Stipa sericea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 73. 1814. 

Agrostis sericea Muhlenberg Cat. 10. 1813—Muhlenberg Gram. 64. 1817. 
Willis 72. 

Trichochloa capillaris Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 93. 1824. 

Muhlenbergia capillaris Britton 287. 


Rare and local; occurs also in Hudson Co., at Snake Hill and 
Little Snake Hill. 

Fl.—Probably during September. 

Middle District “Woodbury. 

Pine Barrens —Eighth St., Hammonton. 

BRACHYELYTRUM Beauvois. 
Brachyelytrum erectum Schreb. Brachyelytrum. 
Pl. X., Fig. 5. 


Muhlenbergia erecta Schreber, Bescher. Gras. II. 139 pl. 50. 1810 [Mts, of 
Penna.].—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. qo. 1818. 
Brachyelytrum aristatum Knieskern 37.—Willis 72—Britton 287. 


222 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent in rocky woods in the northern counties and occa- 
sionally in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Farly July to late July. 


Middle District—Shark River (C), Pt. Pleasant (S$), Heddontield (P), 
Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro. 


ALOPECURUS. 
Alopecurus geniculatus aristulatus (Michx.). Marsh Fox-tail. 
Pl. VIIL, Fig. 7. 
Alopecurus aristulatus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I.: 43. 1803 [Canada]. 


Alopecurus subaristatus Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 47. 1818—Nuttall, Gen. IT. 
52. 1818. 


Locally in swampy ground in the Northern and Middle dis- 


tricts. 
Fl.—Late May to early July. 
Middle District—Red Bank, Swedesboro (CDL). 


SPOROBOLUS R. Brown. 
Key to the Species. 


u. Panicles contracted and spike-like, leaves with an attenuated involute tip. 
b. Panicle terminal, upper sheaths 75 mm. long or more. 
c. Two middle scales of the spikelet very unequal, attenuate. 
S. clandestinus, p. 223 
cc. Two middle scales of the spikelet nearly equal, blunt. 
S. asper, p. 223 
bb. Panicles terminal and lateral, upper sheaths not over 35 mm. long. 
S. vagineflorus, p. 222 
aa. Panicles diffuse, grayish, branches capillary, spikelets very minute. 
b. Base of plant flattened, leaves folded longitudinally. 
S. torreyanus, p. 223 
bb. Base of plant not flattened, leaves flat. S. serotinus, p. 223 


Sporobolus vaginzeflorus (Torr.). Sheathed Rush Grass. 
Pl. XIV., Fig. 3. 

Vilfa vagineflora Torrey, A. Gray, Gram. & Cyp. No. 3. 1834 [Pennsylvania]. 
Sporobolus vagineflorus Britton 288. 

Dry ground, northern counties, and rarely south to the Middle 
District. 

Fl.—Early September to early October. 

Middle District—Red Bank Mon. Co. (NB), Pt. Pleasant (McK), Bir- 
mingham, Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro. 


Pine Barrens.—Landisville (T), incursion from Middle District. 
Cape May.—Bennett. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 223 


Sporobolus asper (Michx.). Long-leaved Rush Grass. 
Agrostis aspera Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 52, 1803 [Illinois]. 


Cape May district, rare. 


This grass was unknown from the State until discovered by 
Mr. O. H. Brown, near Cape May City. It is rather remarkable 
that it has not been found in the Middie or Northern districts. 

Fl.—Late August to late September. 

Cape May.—Cape May. 


Sporobolus clandestinus (Spreng.). Rough Rush Grass. 
PI. XIV., Fig. 4. 


Agrostis clandestina Sprengel, Mant. Fl. Hal. 32. 1807 [Pennsylvania]. 
Sporobolus asper Britton 288. 
Vilfa aspera Knieskern 37. 


Sandy ground, casual in the Northern and more plentiful in 
the Middle and Cape May districts. 
Fl.—Early August to late September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Medford (S), Mickleton 
(NB), Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip.—Waretown. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Town Bank. 


Sporobolus torreyanus (R. & S.). Torrey’s Dropseed. 

Agrostis torreyana Roemer and Schultes, Mantissa II. 203 [Swamps of N. 
J.]—new name for Agrostis compressa Torrey nec Willd.—[Pine Bar- 
rens N. J.]. 

Agrostis compressa Torrey Fl. N. Y. 15. 1819—Torrey Fl. U. S. I. 88. 1824. 

Sporobolus compressus Willis Cat. N. J. Plants 72. 1878—Britton 288. 

Sporobolus torreyanus Keller and Brown 43. 


Bogs of the Pine Barrens and the Cape May peninsula; fre- 


quent. 
Fl.—Mid-August to late September. 


Pine Barrens.—Ancora (P), Atsion, Main Road Sta. (T), Parkdale ($), 
Speedwell (S), Hammonton, Egg Harbor City. 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Bennett. 


Sporobolus serotinus (Torr.). Late-flowering Dropseed. 
Pl. XIIL, Fig. 4. 
Agrostis serotina Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 88 1824 [Pine Barrens of New 


Jersey]. 
Poa uniflora var. capillaris Muhlenberg, Cat. II. 1813. 


224 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Sporobolus serotinus Knieskern 37.—Willis 72—Gray Man. Ed. I.  577- 
1848.—Britton 288.—Keller and Brown 43. 

Pine Barren bogs common, also locally in swamps in the 
Middle district. 

This and the preceding are exceedingly delicate little grasses 
characteristic of the Pine Barren bogs, and occurring outside 
this district only in those so-called Pine Barren islands which 
are found in the adjacent territory. 

FI.—Mid-August to early September. 

Middle District—Griffith’s Swamp, Lindenwold (S). ; 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Forked River, Waretown, Manahawkin, 
Coxe’s, West Creek (S), Pasadena, Speedwell (S), Batsto (S) opp. Crow- 


leytown, Taunton (S), Atco, Cedar Brook, Ancora (P), Hammonton, Eighth 
St., Landisville, Egg Harbor City (S). 


CINNA L. 
Cinna arundinacea L. Wood Reed Grass. 
Pl. XIL, Fig. 4. 
Cinna arundinacea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 5. 1753 [Canada].—Barton FI. Phila. 
I, 44. 1818.—Knieskern 37.—Britton 280. 

Shady ground; common in the northern counties and less 
frequent throughout the Middle district. Common also along 
the coastal strip and on both sides of the Cape May peninsula. 

The coast plant always develops a very heavy inflorescence. 
Plants of the other extreme probably accounted for the “C. 
pendula” credited to South Jersey in Willis’ Catalogue, but which 
has very properly, I think, been omitted from subsequent cata- 
logues, as there are no specimens extant and the plant is a 
typical mountain species. 

Fl.—tLate July to early September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Delair, Fish House, Hartford, Lawnside 
(S), Gloucester (P), Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (P), Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Mays 


Landing (S), Five-Mile Beach, Piermont (S). 
Cape May.—Goshen (S), Cape May (OHB). 


AGROSTIS L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Spikelets consisting of two glumes and two flower-scales, the shorter 
one at least one-third as long as the other. 
b. Panicle large and open. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 225 


c. Larger flower scale with a short awn. A. alba aristata, p. 225 
cc. Larger flower-scale not awned. [A. alba]* 
bb. Panicle contracted, dense and spike-like, usually about 2 in. long. 
A. maritima, p. 225 
aa, One flower-scale wanting, or exceedingly minute. 
b. Spikelets 1.5-2 mm. long. 
c. Culms weak and often prostrate, panicle green, branches. dividing 
at or below the middle, spikelets scattered. A. perennans, p. 226 
ec. Culms erect, panicle silvery or purplish, exceedingly capillary and 
diffuse, branches dividing above the middle, spikelets crowded 
toward the tips. A. hyemalis, p. 226 
bb. Spikelets 2-3 mm. long, culms erect. 
c. Branches of the panicle dividing above the middle, spikelets 
crowded at the ends, panicle purplish. A. elata, p. 225 
cc. Branches of the panicle dividing below the middle, panicle green- 
ish or slightly purple. A. pseudointermedia, p, 226 


Agrostis alba aristata Gray. Awned Herd Grass. 
Agrostis alba aristata Gray, Man. Ed. I. 578. 1848 [E. North America]. — 
Hitchcock, Bureau Pl. Indst. U. S. Dept. Agr. 68: 27. 1905. 

This awned form of A. alba was collected by Mr. Charles S. 
Pollard at Wildwood, N. J., July 4, 1897, and reported by Hitch- 
cock in 1905. It doubtless occurs elsewhere, and is probably 
native along the coast. 


Agrostis maritima Lam. Coast Bent Grass. 
Agrostis maritima Lamarck, Encycl. I. 61. 1783 [Narbonne, France]. 
Agrostis alba maritima Hitchcock, Bull. Bur. Pl. Ind, U. S. Dept. Agr. 
68:27. 1905. ‘ 

Damp spots along the coast, especially among the sand dunes. , 
Also at one station in the Pines along the Egg Harbor river 
(coast intrusion ?). 

Fl._—Early June into July. 

Coast Strip—Spray Beach (1), Surf City (L), Peahala (L), Palermo, 


Wildwood, Anglesea, Bennett, Cape May. 
Pine Barrens.—Folsom. 


Agrostis elata Pursh. Tall Bent Grass. 


Agrostis elatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 61. 1814 [Sandy deep swamps, 
N. J.].—Willis 72. 

Trichodium elatum Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 83. 1824. 

Agrostis altissima Britton 288.—Keller and Brown 44. 

Agrostis perennans elata Hitchcock, Bull. Pl. Indust, U. S. Dept. Agr. 


68:27, 1905. 


* Red-top, or Herd-grass, abundantly introduced. Pl. XII., Fig. 3. 
I5 MUS 


226 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Swamps of the Pine Barrens frequent. Rare and local in the 
Cape May peninsula. 

Fl.—Mid-August into October. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Pasadena, West Creek (S), Speedwell (S), 
Atsion, Batsto, Hammonton (C), Atco (C), Landisville, Kenilworth (S), 


Clementon (S), Egg Harbor City (P). 
Cape Miay—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Agrostis pseudointermedia Farwell. Upland Bent Grass. 


Agrostis pseudointermedia Farwell, Ann. Rep. Com. Parks and Boul’vds, 
Detroit, Mich. II. 46. 1900 [N.n for A. intermedia, Sm. nec. Balb. 1802, 
Pine Mt., Tenn.] 

This is apparently the commoner form throughout the Middle 
and Cape May districts, the more delicate A. perennans being 
more northern. 

Fl.—Early August into October. 

Middle District—Swedesboro, Millville. 


Coast Strip —Pasadena. 
Cape May.—Greenfield. 


Agrostis perennans (Walt.). Thin Grass. 


Cornucopie perennans Walter, Fl. Car. 74. 1788 [South Carolina].—Brit- 
ton 288. 
Throughout the northern counties in moist ground. Rare in 
the upper part of the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early August into October. 


Middle District—Prospertown, Medford (S), Tomlin. 


Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.). Rough Hair Grass. 


Cornucopie hyemalis Walter, Fl. Car. 73. 1788 [South Carolina]. 
Agrostis scabra Knieskern 37. 
Agrostis hyemalis Britton 288. 


Common in dry ground throughout the State. 
Fl.—Early June into August. 


Middle District—Camden, Washington Park, Tomlinson’s, Sicklerville, 
Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens——Toms River (S), Speedwell (S), Bear Swamp (S), Bal- 
linger’s Mill (S), Berlin (S), Williamstown Jnc., Belleplain (S), Mill- 
ville (S), 

Coast Strip.—Surf City (L). 

Cape May.—Whitesboro (S), Cold Spring (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 227 


CALAMAGROSTIS Adanson. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Panicle contracted and spike-like, green tinged with purple. 
: C. cimnoides, p. 227 
aa. Panicle open spreading purplish. 
C. canadensis, p. 227 


Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.). Blue Joint Grass. 


Arundo canadensis Michaux. Fl. Bor. Am. I. 73. 1803 [Canada].— 
Knieskern, 37, 1857. 

Arundo agrostoides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 86. 1814 [Bogs of New Jersey 
and Penna.]. 

Calamagrostis canadensis Willis, 73—Keller and Brown 44. 

Deyeuxia canadensis Britton 280. 


Frequent in swamps of the northern counties, extending south 
locally through the Middle district to Cape May. 
F],—Early June to early July. 


Middle District—Squan (S), Shark River (C), Farmingdale, Hartford, 
Mickleton (NB), Gibbstown (H), Repaupo (NY), Egg Harbor City (KB). 

Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cape May (OHB). 

Coast Strip—Beach Haven (L,) (introduced?) 


Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.). Nuttall’s Reed Grass. 
Pl. X., Fig. 1. 


Arundo cinnoides Muhlenberg Gram. 187. 1817 [Pennsylvania and Mass- 
achusetts].—Barton FI. Phila. I. 70. 

Calamagrostis Nuttalliana Willis 13. 

Arundo coarctata Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 94. 1824. 

Deyeuxia Nuttalliana Britton, 289. 

Calamagrostis cinnoides Keller and Brown 44. 

Calamagrostis coarctata Knieskern 37. 


Occasional in the northern counties, and frequent in swamps 
of the Middle district and plentiful in the Pine Barrens and 
Cape May peninsula. Rare on the coast. 

Fl.—Late July to mid-September. 


Middle District—Shark River (NB), New Egypt, Griffith’s Swamp, Cam- 
den (P), Mickleton, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Waretown, West Creek (S), Manahawkin, 
Coxe’s, Speedwell (S), Taunton (S), Landisville, Hammonton, Atsion (S$), 
Quaker Bridge (P), Egg Harbor City, Woodbine, Petersburg (S), Ocean 
City Jne. 

Coast Strip.—Surf City (L). 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Bennett, Cape May (OHB). 


228 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


AMMOPHILA Host. 


Ammophila arenaria (L.). .Sea Sand Reed. 


Pl. V., Fig. 2. ; 
Arundo arenaria Linneus, Sp. Pl. 82. 1753 [Europe]—Muhlenberg Gram. 
181. 1817. ‘ 
Phalaris maritima Nuttall, Gen. I. 48. 1818. 
Calamagrostis arenaria Knieskern, 38—Willis 73. 
Ammophila arenaria Britton, 289.—Keller and Brown 43. 


Abundant on the sand dunes of the entire coast. The Beach 
Grass is one of the most characteristic plants of the coastal 
islands. Its pale glaucous green leaves and whitish spike give 
to these bare mounds their first verdure, while the long roots, 
which ramify in all directions, play an important part in bind- 
ing the sand together and holding it against the wind which is 
always drifting it this way and that. The stiff stalks and leaves 
adapted as they are for this constant battle with the elements, 
persist through the winter, dried and bleached to a pale buff, and 
bend and flutter in the fierce storms as gaily as in the milder 
blasts of summer, ever holding the beach line against the en- 
croachment of wind and wave. 

Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September, the dried panicles per- 
Sisting into winter. 

Maritime—Sandy Hook, Deal, Pt. Pleasant, Waretown, Seaside Park 


(Ha), Barnegat Pier, Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City, Longport (S), Ocean 
City (S), Sea Isle City (S), Stone Harbor (S), Wildwood, Cape May. 


CALAMOVILFA Hackel. 


Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.). Pine Barren Reed Grass. 
Pl. XIIL, Fig. 1. 


Arundo brevipilis Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 95 [Quaker Bridge, N. J.]. 
Calamagrostis brevipilis Knieskern, 38—Willis 73. 
Ammophila brevipilis Britton, 290. 
Calamovilfa brevipilis Keller and Brown 45. 
Common in Pine Barren bogs; does not range north of this 
district. 
This is one of the characteristic grasses of the Pine Barrens. 
In general appearance it strikingly recalls Tridens flavus. 
Fl.—Early July to late August, or rarely a little later. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 229 


Pine Barrens——Toms River, Prospertown, Forked River (S), Atco (P), 
Speedwell (S), Chatsworth, Buena Vista, Parkdale (S), Hammonton, Quaker 
Bridge, Egg Harbor City. 


One specimen in the Academy herbarium is marked “Atlantic City, C. A. 
Boice.” It seems probable, however, that it came from the mainland west of 
Atlantic City, and not from the island beach, as we have no definite evidence 
of its occurrence on the coast, and it would seem very unlikely. 


DESCHAMPSIA Beauvois. 
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.). Wavy Hair Grass.* 


Pl. VIL, Fig. 1. 


Aira flexuosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 65. 1753 [Europe]—Barton Fl. Phil. I. 57. 
1818.—Knieskern 39.—Britton 290. 


Frequent in dry ground in the northern, Middle and Cape 
May districts, but apparently rare and recently introduced in the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late May to late June. 


Middle District—Red Bank, Farmingdale, New Egypt, Crosswicks, Kin- 
kora, Mt. Holly, Arneys Mt. (S), Fish House (S), Medford (S), Westville, 
National Park, Washington Park, Woodbury, Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro, 
Centerton (S), Millville. 

Pine Barrens——Forked River, New Germany, Folsom. 

Cape May.—Anglesea Jnc. (OHB), Bennett (S), Cape May, Cape May Pt. 
(S). 


SPHENOPHOLIS. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Spikelets with a conspicuous bent awn. S. palustris, p. 230 
aa. Spikelets not awned. 
b. Culm erect, densely flowered and spike-like. 
c. Sheaths and leaves glabrous. S. obtusata, p. 230 
cc. Sheaths and sometimes leaves pubescent. SS. 0. pubescens, p. 230 
bb. Culm slender, inflorescence lax, loosely flowered. 

c. Glumes nearly the same length, one narrow, one broad. 
S. nitida, p. 230 
cc. Narrow glume much shorter than the obovate one. S. pallens, p. 230 


* Deschampsia cespitosa Linneus. 

(Aira cespitosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 64. 1753 [Europe]). 

The only evidence of the occurrence of this grass within our limits is Dr. 
Knieskern’s statement that it occurs in “damp places” in Ocean and Mon- 
mouth Counties “rare.” I have seen no specimens. To the north it has been 
found along the Delaware above the Water Gap. 


230 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


‘Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.). Blunt-scaled Eatonia. 


Aira obtusata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 62. 1803 [Carolina and Florida]. 
Eatonia obtusata Britton 293.—Keller and Brown 50. 


Several stations in the northern counties and southward along 
the Coastal strip to Cape May. 
Fl.—Early June into July. 


Middle District—Farmingdale. 
Coast Strip—Beach Haven (1), Spray Beach (L), Stone Harbor, Cape 
May (OHB). 


Sphenopholis obtusata pubescens Scribner and Merrill. 
Sphenopholis obtusata pubescens Scribner and Merrill, Circ. U. S. Dept. Agr. 
27, p. 6. 1900 [Stackville, Miss.]. 
Along the Coast strip apparently as frequent as the last. 
F].—Early June into July. 
Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), Sherburn’s (L). 


Sphenopholis nitida Spreng. Slender Eatonia. 


Aira nitida Sprengel, Fl. Hal. Mant. I. 32. 1807 [Pennsylvania]. 
Eatonia Dudleyi Britton 293. 
Eatonia nitida Keller and Brown 50. 


One record for Hunterdon County, locally in the Middle 
district. Sandy ground. 
Fl.—Early May to mid-June. 


Middle District—Mickleton, Swedesboro, Tomlin, Riddleton, Auburn. 


Sphenopholis pallens (Spreng.). Pale Eatonia. 
Pl. XIV,, Fig. 5. 

Aira pallens Sprengel, Fl. Hal. Mant. 1, p. 33. 1807 [Pennsylvania]. 
Eatonia Pennsylvanica Britton 293. 

Shady ground; common in the northern counties, ranging: 
southward in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Late May to early July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delair, Camden (Bassett), 


Medford (S$), Washington Park, Sewell (S), Mickleton (NY) Swedesboro, 
Millville (5S), Buckshutem. 


Sphenopholis palustris (Michx.). Marsh Eatonia. 


Avena palustris Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 72. 1803 [Georgia and Carolina]. 
—Barton Fl. Phila. I. 69. 1818. 
Trisetum pennsylvanicum Britton 290.—Keller and Brown 45. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 231 


Moist’ open ground in the northern counties, southward 
locally in the Middle and Cape May districts. 
Mr. Long refers the Farmingdale specimen to var. flexuosa 
Scribn. 
Fl—Late May to late June. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, Clementon, Medford (S), Lindenwold (S), 


Mickleton, Pitman, Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


DANTHONIA De Candolle. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Awned flower scale, notched at the end with triangular pointed tips. 
, D. spicata, p. 231 
aa, Awned flower scale with tips prolonged into slender bristles. 
b. Awned scale, silky hairy. D. sericea, p. 231 
bb. Awned scale, glabrous. D. epilis, p. 232 


Danthonia spicata (L.).* Wild Oat Grass. 
Pl. VIII., Fig. 5. 
Avena spicata Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 80. 1753 [Pennsylvania]. 
Danthonia spicata Knieskern 39.—Britton 291. 
Dry sandy ground; common except in the Pine Barrens. 
Fl.—Late May to late June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale (S), New Egypt, Asbury. Medford (S), 
Albion, Glassboro (S), Swedesboro, Riddleton, Husted (S), Centerton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Winslow, Speedwell (S). 

Coass Strip.—West Creek (S), Peermont (S). 

Cape May—Cape May (OHB). 


Danthonia sericea Nutt. Silky Wild Oat Grass. 


Danthonia sericea Nuttall, Gen. I. 71. 1818 [Carolina to Florida]_—Barton, 
Fl. Phila. I. 65. 1818—Willis 75—Gray Manual Ed. V. 640. 1867.— 


Britton 291. 
Danthonia glumosa Knieskern 39. 


Frequent in the Pine Barrens in dry sandy soil, and locally in 
the lower part of the Middle district. 
Fl.—Late May to late June. 


Middle District—Spring Garden (NB), Lindenwold, Gibbsboro, Tomlin- 
sons, Williamstown (KB), Sicklerville (S). 


* Specimens from within our limits referred to D. compressa and all refer- 
able to D. spicata, so far as I have been able to examine them. 


232 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Pine Barrens—Manchester (C), Browns Mills, Speedwell (S), Albion, 
Cedar Brook, Waterford (P), White Horse (P), Landisville, Winslow Jnc., 
Hammonton, Atsion (P), Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Folsom, Egg Harbor City 
(P), Mays Landing, Dennisville (P). 

Coast Strip—Ocean Beach (C). 


Danthonia epilis Scribn. Smooth Wild Oat Grass. 


Danthonia epilis Scribner, U. S. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30, p. 7 [n. n. for D. glabra 
Nash nec Philippi—Little Stone Mt., Ga.]. 
Restricted to the Pine Barren region, which marks the north- 
ern limit of the species. 
Abundant on natural bogs, growing in the wet sphagnum en- 
tirely different in habitat from the preceding, and very distinct. 
Fl.—Probably late May to late June. 


Pine Barrens —Forked River, Three mi. S. E. of Chatsworth, Three mi. N. 
of Atsion. 


SPARTINA Schreber. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Glumes unequal, shorter one equal to flower scales. 
S. michausiana, p. 232 
aa. Glumes unequal, shorter one-half as long as flower scales. 
b. Both glumes scabrous on the keel. 


c. Leaves 12 mm. wide or more. S. cynosuroides, p. 233 

ce. Leaves not over 6 mm. wide. S. patens, p. 233 
bb. Shorter glume glabrous. 

c. Spikelets overlapping. S. glabra pilosa, p. 234, 


cc. Spikelets more remote, barely overlapping. S. g. altermifolia, p. 234 


Spartina michauxiana Hitche. Tall Marsh Grass. 


Spartina michauxiana Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. XII. 3. 153 [mew name 
for Trachynotia cynosuroides Michx. nec Dactylis cynosuroides L. [Illi- 
nois]. ; 

Spartina cynosuroides Britton 283.—Keller and Brown 47. 

Larger rivers along the coast, extending inland to Ham- 
monton. Casual also in Bergen and Hunterdon Counties. 

Fl.—Mid-July into September. Panicles persist through 
autumn. 


Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (S), Seaside Park (S), Toms River (S), Bar- 
negat Pier, Forked River, Manahawkin, Barnegat, Tucker’s (L,), West Creek, 
Absecon, Longport (Ha), Ocean City (S), N. of Weekstown, Hammonton, 
Town Bank (OHB). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 233 


Spartina cynosuroides. (L.). Salt Reed Grass. 


Pl. XV., Fig. 1. 

Dactylus eer Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 71. 1753 [Virginia, Canada and Lousi- 
tania]. 
Spartina polystachya Knieskern 38—Willis 73.—Britton 283.—Keller and 

Brown 47. 


Common on the edges of salt marshes and along brackish 
creeks ; not extending inland, as does the preceding. 

Fl.—Early August into September. Panicles persist through 
autumn. : 

Maritime—Forked River, Seaside Park, Manahawkin, Surf City (L), 
Barnegat City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Absecon, Atlantic City, Palermo, 


Cedar Bonnet (L), Dennisville, Cape May (OHB), Sluice Creek, Upper 
English Creek (T), Salem. 


Spartina patens Ait. Salt Meadow Grass. 


Plate XV., Fig. 5. 
Dactylis patens Aiton, Hort. Kew. I. 104. 1789 [North America]. 
Spartina juncea Muhlenberg Cat. 8. 1813—Muhlenberg Gram. 54. 1817— 
Knieskern 38.—Willis 73.—Britton 283. 
Spartina patens Keller and Brown 47. 

Abundant all over the salt meadows. 

This grass, along with Distichlis spicata and Juncus gerardi 
forms the bulk of the low even vegetation that covers the firmer 
parts of the salt meadows, the mass of tangled roots of the three 
species being mainly responsible for holding together the black 
mud and sand which form the meadows. 

Dondia, Salicornia, and other salt marsh plants occur in more 
sandy spots, and along the creeks is a taller growth of Spartina 
glabra, but the green carpet which covers miles upon miles of 
our coastal marshes.consists mainly of the three species above 
mentioned, and the “salt hay” that the farmers along the shore 
are in the habit of gathering is composed of the same plants. 

Hay-making in the autumn is a common sight on the “mead- 
ows,” and once or twice I have seen the crop being hauled in in 
mid-winter. 

The more robust form regarded as a species, S. juncea by 
Merrill (Bull. Pl. Indust. U. S. Dept. Agr. IX 12, 1902), 
originally described as Trachynotia juncea by Michaux (FI. 


234 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Bor. Am. I 64, 1803—Carolina and Georgia) apparently occurs 
in sandy localities near the marshes, but I cannot satisfactorily 
separate it from the typical form. 

Fl.—Early July to late September. 

Maritime—Sandy Hook, Deal, Pt. Pleasant, Barnegat Pier, Surf City 
(L), Barnegat City (L), Beach Haven (L), St. Albans (L) Harvey Cedars 


(L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City, Ocean City, Palermo (S), Estelville, 
Stone Harbor, Anglesea, Cape May, Salem, Beaver Dam, Dias Creek (S), 


Cold Spring (S). 


Spartina glabra pilosa Merrill. Smooth Marsh Grass. 
Spartina glabra pilosa Merrill, Bull. Pl. Indust. U. S. Dept. Agr. IX., p. 9. 
1902 [Atlantic City, N. J.] 
Spartina glabra Knieskern 38. 
Spartina stricta var. glabra Britton 283. 
Spartina stricta Keller and Brown 47. 


Common along creeks and ditches on the salt marshes of the 


coast and Delaware Bay. 

Fl.—Late July to mid-September. 

Maritime——Deal Beach, Pt. Pleasant, Forked River, Beach Haven (L), 
St. Albans (L), Half Way House south of Bond’s (L,), Marsh Elder Isl. (L), 
Anchoring Isl. (L,), Ocean City (S), Palermo, Stone Harbor (S$), Wildwood, 
Holly Beach (T), Cold Spring (S), Dennis (S), Salem (P). 


Spartina glabra alterniflora (Lois.). 


Spartina alterniflora Lois, Fl. Gall. II. 719. [Circa Baionam at Ripas Aturi]. 
Spartina stricta var. maritima Britton 283. 
Spartina stricta alterniflora Keller and Brown 47. 7 
Spartina glabra alterniflora Merrill, Bull. Pl. Indust. U. S. Dept. Agri. IX., p. 
12, 1902. 

Similar situations to those occupied by the last, but less 
abundant. 

Maritime—Seaside Park, Atlantic City, Cape May (S), Salem (S). 

é 


GYMNOPOGON Beauvois. 
Key to the Species, 
a, Spikes bearing spikelets for their whole length. G. ambiguus, p. 234 
aa. Spikes bearing spikelets only beyond the middle. G. brevifolius, p. 235 


Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.). Broad-leaved Gymnopogon. 


Pl. IX., Fig. 6. 
Andropogon ambiguus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 58. 1803 [Carolina] —Muh- 
lenberg, Cat. 94. 1813—Muhlenberg Gram. 285. 1817. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 235 


Anthropogon Lepturoides Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 71. 1818. 
Gymnopogon racemosus Willis 73.—Torrey Flora U. S. I. 99. 1824. 
Gymnopogon ambiguus Britton 292—Keller and Brown 47. 


Locally through the lower part of the Middle district and in 
the Cape May peninsula, in dry ground. Also at one or two 
points in the Pine Barrens, where it has probably entered along 
the rail-roads. New Egypt seems to be the northern limit of its 
range, as it is not known north of our region. 

Fl.—Early August to mid-September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Griffith’s (P), Springdale (S), Lindenwold 
(S$), Clarksboro (NB), Mickleton, Tomlin (S), Clementon, Berlin (S), Al- 
bion, Swedesboro. 


Pine Barrens.—Hammonton. 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Anglesea Jnc., Whitesboro (S). 


Gymnopogon brevifolius Trin. Short-leaved Gymnopogon. 


Gymnopogon brevifolius Trinius, Unifl. 238. 1824 [Delaware].—Britton Man- 
ual 122. 1901.—Stone Torreya 1907, 39.—Keller and Brown 47. 

Dry ground in the Middle and Cape May districts. Rare. 
Known from only two localities. Originally discovered in the 
State by Mr. Chas. D. Lippincott, near Swedesboro. 

Trinius quotes this species as “Anthopogon brevifolius Nutt- 
all,” and probably the name should be so credited. So far as I 
am aware, Nuttall never published it, but very likely sent out 
specimens with this name in manuscript. 

Fl.—Late August to mid-October. 


Middle District.—Two and a half miles north of Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Bennett. 


PHRAGMITES Trinius. 
Phragmites phragmites (L.). Reed. 
Pl. XL, Fig. 2. 


Arundo phragmites Linneus, Sp. Pl. 81. 1753 [Europe]. 
Phragmites communis Knieskern 39.— Willis 75. 
Phragmites vulgaris Britton 293. 

Phragmites phragmites Keller and Brown 48. 


Open swamps usually growing in water, locally throughout 
the State except in the Pine Barrens. 


236 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


The Reed is most plentiful in our region along the coast in 
swamps lying back of the salt marshes. It often covers large 
areas, looking at a distance like growing corn. 

Fl.—Mid-August into September. 

Middle District —Kaighns Pt, Beaver Dam, Pen Bryn (S) [Introduced ?]. 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Avon, Pt. Pleasant, Bay Head (N. Y.), Sea- 
side Park, Barnegat City (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Peahala (L), Sea Isle 
City (H), Holly Beach (UP), Court House, Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May 
(S), South Dennis (S), Sluice Creek (S). 


TRIDENS Roemer and Schultz. 
Tridens flavus (L,). Tall Red-top. 
Pl. XIIL, Fig. 3. 


Poa flava Linneus, Sp. Pl. 68. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Tricuspis seslerioides Knieskern 38—Torrey, Fl. U.S. I. 118. 1824. 
Triodia seslerioides Britton 202. 


Plentiful in dry soil in the Northern, Middle and Cape May 
districts and all along the coastal strip, but not found in the Pine 
Barrens, except where it follows up the tide water creeks. 

Fl.—Early August to early September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Oaklyn (S), Albion, W. Dept- 


ford, Swedesboro, Beaver Dam. 
Coast Strip.—Forked River, Beach Haven (L), Pleasant Mills, Atlantic 


City, Sea Isle City (S), Five-Mile Beach. 
Cape May.—Three miles west of Court House (5), S. Dennis (5), Cape 


May (OHB). 
TRIPLASIS Beauvois. 
Triplasis purpurea (Walt.). Sand Grass. 
PL VIIL., Fig. 3. 
Aira purpurea Walter, Fl. Car. 78. 1788 [South Carolina]. 
Tricuspis purpurea Knieskern 38.—Willis 73. : 
Triplasis purpurea Britton 292—Keller and Brown 48. 

Sandy ground or pure sand common along the coast strip and 
in the lower part of the Middle district, and less abundant in the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fl,—Early August to late September. 

Middle District—Griffith’s Swamp, Kaighns Pt., Washington Park (S), 
Lindenwold (S$), Lawnside (S), Westville, Woodbury, Mantua. 

Pine Barrens—Browns Mills, Clementon, Albion, Atsion (S), Pleasant 
Mills (S). ; 


Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Barnegat City (L), St. Albans (L), Sherburn’s 
(L), Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Piermont, Cape May (OHB). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 237 


DIPLACHNE Beauvois. 
Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.). Salt Meadow Diplachne. 


Poa fasiculata Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 107 [N. Y. City] 1824. 
Reptochloa fascicularis Willis 73. 
Diplachne fascicularis Britton 292—Kellar and Brown 48. 


Edges of the salt meadows along the coast. Not abundant. 
Fl.—Mid-August to mid-October. 


Maritime.—Barnegat City (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L,), Atlantic City 
(P), Sea Isle City, Wildwood, Cape May. 


ERAGROSTIS Beauvois. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Culms creeping. E. hypnoides, p. 238 
aa, Culms not creeping. 
b. Much branched and decumbent at base, spikelets dull purplish or 
lead colored. 
c. Spikelets 2-5 flowered, not over 3 mm. long. EE. capillaris, p. 237 
ce. Spikelets 5 to many flowered, 3-15 mm. long. 


d. Spikelets 1.5 mm. wide. &. pilosa, p. 237 
dd. Spikelets 2 mm [E. major]* 
bb. Simple and erect, rigid spikelets, bright redish purple. 
c. Sheaths sparingly pilose. E. pectinacea, p. 238 
cc. Sheaths glabrous. E. p. spectabilis, p. 238 


Eragrostis capillaris (L.). Hair-like Eragrostis. 


Poa capillaris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 68. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Poa hirsuta Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 80. 1814. 
Eragrostis capillaris Knieskern 38.—Britton 294—Keller and Brown 4g. 


Dry ground, local; known from four localities in the northern 
counties and three in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Mid-August to early October. 

Middle District—Camden, Birmingham, Swedesboro. 


Eragrostis pilosa (L.). Tufted Eragrostis. 
Pl. XIIL, Fig. 2. 


Poa pilosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 68. 1753 [Italy]. 

Poa tenella Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 80. 1814. 

Eragrostis pilosa Knieskern, 38.—Britton, 293—Keller and Brown, 49. 
Eragrostis Purshii Britton 294.—Keller and Brown 49. 


* Strong-scented Eragrostis, a weed in waste ground. 


238 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common throughout the Middle and coast districts, and occa- 
sional in the northern counties and Pine Barrens. In part, at 
least, introduced. | 

Fl.—tLate June to late September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Delaire (S), Kaighns Pt, Mullica Hill 
(NB), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Lakehurst. 


Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Beach. 
Haven (L), Wildwood (KB), Dias Creek (S$). 


Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.). Purple Eragrostis. 
Pl. IX., Fig. 5. 
Poa pectinacea Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 69. 1803 [Illinois].—Pursh. Fl. 

Am. Sept. I. 81. 1814. 

Erargostis pectinacea Britton 294. 

Dry ground throughout the State, except the Pine Barrens, 
where it occurs only along railroads. This is one of those 
grasses that seems to thrive in cultivated ground and tends. to 
become a weed. 

Fl.—Late July to mid-September. , 

Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Kaighns Pt., Albion, Mickle- 
ton, Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 

- Pine Barrens.—Bamber,. Landisville. 


Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Manahawkin, Atlantic City (S), Ocean City 
(S), Sea Isle City (S), Cape May (OHB). ~ 


Eragrostis pectinacea spectabilis Gray. Coast Eragrostis. 


Eragrostis spectabilis Gray Man. Ed. I. 598. 1848 [Mass. to Penna. near 
the coast]. 


Along the sand dunes of the coast, frequent. 
Fl.—Early August to late September. 
Maritime —Waretown, Surf City (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Sher- 
burn’s (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Sea Isle City (S). 
Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.). Creeping Eragrostis. 
Poa hypnoides Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl. I. 185. 1791 [South America].— 


Eragrostis hypnoides Britton 293.—Keller and Brown 49. 
Found only along the shores of the Delaware or its vicinity 


from Warren to Salem Counties; local. 
Fl.—Late July into October. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 239 


Pe soa District—Kaighns Pt. (KB), Petty’s Isl. (P), SWvedesboro, Rid- 
eton. 


UNIOLA L. 


Uniola laxa (L.). Slender Spike Grass. 
Pl. XIV., Fig. 6. 
Hfolcus laxus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1048. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Uniola gracilis Muhlenberg, Gram. 157. 1817.—Barton FI. Phila. II. 220. 
1818.—Torrey Fl. N. Y. 19. 1819—Knieskern 39.— Willis 75. 
Uniola lara Britton 294.—Keller and Brown 50. 

Common throughout the Middle and Cape May districts and 
on the Coastal strip, also at South Amboy to the northward. 
Absent from the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Early August to early September. 

Middle District—Keyport (NB), New Egypt, Westmont (S), Griffith’s 
Swamp, Medford (S), Washington Park (S), Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, 
Mickleton (NB), Tomlin, Clementon (S), Swedesboro, Salem (S$), Divid- 
ing Creek. 

Coast Strip—lLong Branch, Pt. Pleasant (S), Bay Head (NY), Man- 


ahawkin, Coxe’s, Beesley’s Pt. (S), Five-Mile Beach, Sea Isle Jnc. (S). 
Cape May.—Court House, Bennett (S$). 


DISTICHLIS Rafinesque. 
Distichlis spicata (L.). Marsh Spike Grass. 
PL VIIL., Fig. 2. 


Uniola spicata Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 71. 1753 [North America]. 
Brizopyrum spicatum Knieskern 38.—Willis 74. 
Distichlis spicata Britton 284—Keller and Brown 50. 


Salt meadows along the coast; common. 
Fl.—Mid-August into September. 


Maritime —Sandy Hook (NB), Deal Beach, Pt. Pleasant, Waretown, 
Barnegat City (LL), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), 
Beach Haven (L,), Cedar Bonnet (L), Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Sea 
Isle City, Wildwood, Piermont, Cape May (S), Dennisville (S). 


POA L. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Culms tufted. 
b. Low, not more than 2 dm. high. [P. annua] 


bb. Taller, 3-90 dm. high. 


*Low Spear Grass. Common in lawns and waste ground. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 241 


Panicularia canadensis. (Michx.).* Rattlesnake Grass. 
Pl. XV., Fig. 3. 
Briza Canadensis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 71. 1803 [Canada].—Barton, 


Fl. Phila, I. 63. 1818. 
Glyceria canadensis Knieskern 38.—Britton 295. 


Swamps of the Northern and Middle districts, common ; rarely 
in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Riverside, Pemberton (C), 
Birmingham, Fish House, Haddonfield (S), Griffith’s Swamp, Gibbstown 
(NB), Elm (C), Kirkwood (C), Mickleton, Clementon (S), Albion, Sickler- 
ville (S), Gloucester, Salem (C), Beaver Dam. 

Pime Barrens—Bamber, Landisville, Vineland. 


Panicularia obtusa (Muhl.). Blunt Manna Grass. 


PL. XV., Fig. 4. 


Poa obtusa Muhlenberg, Gram. 147. 1817 [Pennsylvania, New Jersey and 
New England].—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 62. 1818—Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 
12. 1824. 

Glyceria obtusa Knieskern 38.—Britton 295. 

Panicularia obtusa Keller and Brown 52. 


Swamps and bogs throughout our region and locally in Hud- 
son and Middlesex Counties to the north. 
Fl.—Farly July to late August and sporadically into October. 


Middle District—Farmingdale (S), Hartford, Birmingham, Delaire, Fish 
House, Griffith's Swp., Westmont (S), Lindenwold (S), Repaupo, Tomlin 
(S),.Mickleton (NY), Paulsboro, Sicklerville (S), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Lakehurst, Toms River (S), Bear Swamp (S), 
Hammonton, Parkdale (S), Egg Harbor City, Eighth St. (T). 

Cape May.—Green Creek, Cold Spring (OHB). 


Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Nerved Manna Grass. 


Poa nervata Willdenow, Sp. Pl. I. 389. 1798 [North America].—Barton, Fl. 


Phila., I. 61. 1818. 
Glyceria nervata Knieskern 38—Britton 296. 


* Panicularia laxa Scribner (Bull. Torr. Club XXL, 37. 1894—Mt. Desert, 
Me.), is reported from Mickleton and Swedesboro. Specimens in the Acad- 
emy herbarium show smaller spikelets, but I cannot find in this character or in 
those advanced by Prof. Fernald (Rhodora tg10, p. 135) sufficient constancy 
to make the recognition of this form desirable so far as local material is 
concerned. At most it can only be regarded as a sub-species. It was col- 
lected by Mr. Heritage at Mickleton before it was described by Scribner. 


16 MUS 


240 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


c. Basal leaves nearly equalling panicle, upper stem leaves very short, 
spikelets 5-7 mm. long. P. brachyphylia, p.-240 
cc. Basal leaves much shorter than panicle. 
d. Spikelets 3 mm. long, culm scabrous below panicle. 
[P. trivialis]+ 
dd. Spikelets 4-5 mm. long, culm smooth. [P. pratensis]t 
aa, Culms not tufted, bluish green, panicle contracted. [P. compressa]§ 


Poa brachyphylla Schultes. Short-leaved Spear Grass. 


Poa brachyphylla Schultes, Mant. II: 304. 1824. n. n. for P. brevifolia 
Muhl. nec Gaud. [Pennsylvania]. 


This species was only known from Warren and Hunterdon 
Counties until discovered by Mr. O. H. Brown at Cape May, 
though I am inclined to think that the P. alsodes of Dr. Knies- 
kern’s catalogue, which he says occurs on the “borders of woods, 
not common,” belongs here. It was later found in west Jersey 
by Mr. Long. 

F].—Mid-April to early May. 


Middle District—Bordentown. 
Cape May.—Cape May. 


PANICULARIA Fabricius. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Spikelets not over 7 mm. long. 
b. Panicle dense, club-shaped, spike-like, 75-100 mm. long. 
P. obtusa, p. 241 
bb. Panicle open, spreading. 
c. Spikelets 3-4 mm. wide, becoming whitish or straw color. 
d. Spikelets larger, 5-10 flowered. P. canadensis, p. 241 
dd. Spikelets smaller, 3-5 flowered. P. laxa, p. 241 
cc. Spikelets less than 2.5 mm. wide. 
d. 3-4 mm. long, purplish, branches of panicle drooping. 
P. nervata, p. 241 
dd. 4-6 mm. long, green, branches of panicle erect. 
P. grandis, p. 243 


ddd. 6-7 mm. long, pale green or whitish. P. pallida, p. 242 

aa. Spikelets 12 mm. long or more. 
b. Flowers obtuse. P. septentrionalis, p. 242 
bb. Flowers acute. P. acutiflora, p. 242 


jf Rough Meadow Grass. Introduced in meadows and waste ground. 

{Blue Grass. Cultivated for hay and abundantly naturalized. Pl, VIL, 
Fig. 2. 

§ Wire Grass. Common in waste ground, fields, etc. 


242 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Swamps; common inthe Northern and Middle districts; very 
rare in the Pine Barrens and occasional in the Cape May penin- 
sula. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delanco, Browns Mills, Med- 
ford (S), Washington Park, Mickleton, Sewell (S), Albion, Pitman, Glass- 
boro (S), Swedesboro, Yorktown. , 


Pine Barrens—Speedwell. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Panicularia pallida (Torr.). Pale Manna Grass. 


Windsoria pallida Torrey, Cat. N. Y. Plants 91. 1819 [swamp behind Elgin 
Garden, N. Y., and Pine Barrens of N. J.]. 

Glyceria pallida Knieskern 38.—Britton 2096. 

Poa dentata Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 107. 1824. 

Frequent in shady swamps or streams of the northern Middle 
and Cape May districts, often growing in the water. Rare in 
the Pine Barrens. ; 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June, and sporadically during July and 
August. 


Middle District—Delanco, Kaighns Pt., Repaupo, Mickleton, Sicklerville, 
Glassboro (S), Riddleton, Centerton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Winslow Jnc., Landisville, Richland, Woodbine (S). 

Cape May.—Bennett, Nummeytown (8S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


Panicularia septentrionalis (Hitchc.). Floating Manna Grass. 
Pl. IX, Fig. 4. 

Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchcock, Rhodora 1906. 211 [Guttenburg, N. J.]. 
Festuca fluitans Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 66. 1818. 6 
Glyceria Awitans Knieskern 38.—Britton 206. 

Swamps, usually growing in water. Frequent, except in the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fl—tLate May to early July, and sporadically through the 
summer. 

Middle District—Riddleton. 


Coast Strip—Stone Harbor, Anglesea. 
Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


Panicularia acutiflora (Torr.). Sharp-scaled Manna Grass. 


Glyceria acutiflora Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 104 [New York, New Jersey and 
Massachusetts] —Willis 74.— 

Glyceria brevifolia Britton 206. 

Panicularia acutiflora Keller and Brown 53. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 243 


Locally in swamps of the Northern and Middle districts and 
coast strip. 

Fl.—Early June to mid-July, sporadically into August. 

Middle District—Cooper’s Pt., Merchantville (P), Gloucester (P), 
Mickleton (NB). 


Pine Barrens——Waterford (P). 
Coast Strip—Manahawkin. 


Panicularia grandis (Wats.). Reed Meadow Grass. 
Glyceria grandis Watson, Gray’s Man. Ed. 6. 667. 1890 [New England to 
Minnesota, etc.]. 
Glyceria arundinacea Britton 296. 


A northern species probably now extinct within our limits, 
but represented in the State herbarium at New Brunswick by 


one specimen collected many years.ago at Cooper’s Bridge, by 
Mr. E. Diffenbaugh. 
Middle District—Cooper’s Bridge (NB). Coll. by E. Diffenbaugh, 1863. 


PUCCINELLIA Parlatore. 
Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.). Spreading Meadow Grass. 


Poa fasciculata Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 107. 1824 [Salt marshes about N. Y. 
City]. 

Glyceria distans Britton 206. 

Puccinellia distans Keller and Brown 53. 


Borders of salt marshes on the coast. 
Fl—tlLate May into September. 


Maritime —Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Spray Beach (L), Absecon 
(NB), Cape May, Fortesque Beach (NB). 


FESTUCA L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Short, erect grasses, 1-6 dm. high, with involute wiry leaves, and green- 
ish or reddish, usually contracted panicles. 
b. Flower scales with an awn of equal length. F. octoflora, p. 244 
bb. Flower scales, awnless or awn much shorter than the scale. 
c. Plant over 3 dm. in height, panicle reddish. F. rubra, p. 244 
ce. Plant less than 3 dm. in height, panicle green. [F. ovina]* 
aa. Taller plants 6-15 dm. high, with flat, green leaves. 
b. Branches of panicle short and erect, spikelets 5-10 flowered. 
' [F. elatior]* 
bb. Branches of panicle long and drooping, spikelets mostly near the 
ends, 3-6 flowered. F. nutans, p. 244 


*Sheep Fescue Grass, occasionally established.in waste ground. 
2 Tall Fescue Grass, frequent in fields, etc. Pl. XIV., Fig. 1. 


244 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Festuca octoflora Walt. Slender Fescue Grass. 


Pl. XIV., Fig. 1. 
Festuca octoflora Walter, Fl. Car. 81. 1788 [South Carolina].—Britton 296.— 
Keller and Brown 53. 

Festuca tenella Knieskern 30. 

Dry sandy soil, casual in the northern counties, frequent 
throughout our region. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Delanco (S), Medford (5S), Mickleton. 

Pine Barrens—E. Plains (S), Tabernacle (S), Cedar Brook, Landisville, 


Pleasant Mills, Tuckahoe. 
Coast Strip—Beach Haven (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Barnegat City (L). 


Festuca rubra L. Red Fescue Grass. 
Festuca rubra Linneus, Sp. Pl. 74. 1753 [Europe]. 


Sandy ground along the coast marshes. 

This is one of several plants of wide distribution which occur 
along the coast, and are often regarded as introductions from 
Europe. Some of them grow under such conditions as to make 
them appear certainly native, while in the case of others the 
evidence is less convincing. It has been thought best to include 
them all. 

Fl.—tlLate May to mid-June. 

Maritime——Sherburn’s (L), Surf City (L), Spray Beach (1), Peahala 


(L), Beach Haven (L), Barnegat City (L), Holgate’s (L), Beach Haven 
Terrace (L). 


Festuca nutans Spreng. Nodding Fescue Grass. 


Festuca nutans Sprengel, Fl. Hal. Mantissa 34. 1807 [Pennsylvania] —Knies- 
kern 39.— Willis 74.—Britton 297. 


Rocky woods of the northern counties and southward in the 
Middle district. 
Fl.—Late May to early June. 


Middle District—Pemberton (C), Medford (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro. 


BROMUS L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Plant tall, 2-5 feet high (in woodlands), flowers pubescent, panicle 
weak and drooping. B. purgans, p. 245 
aa. Plants lower, rarely over two feet high (waste ground plants). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 245 


Bromus purgans L. Wood Chess. 
Bromus purgans Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 76. 1753 [Canada]. 
Bromus ciliatus Knieskern 39.—Britton 207. 
Woods of the northern counties, casually entering the upper 
pait of Monmouth Co., according to Knieskern, and discovered 


by Mr. Benjamin Heritage at Wildwood in the lower coast dis- 
trict. 
Coast Strip.—Wildwood (H). 


ELYMUS L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Glumes awl-shaped, spike nodding. E. striatus, p. 245 
aa. Glumes lanceolate. 
b. Glumes indurated below, spikes erect. 
c. Plant seldom over 6 dm. high, leaves narrow. E. halophilus, Pp. 245 
cc. Plant 9-12 dm. high, leaves broad. E. virginicus, p. 245 
bb. Glumes not indurated below, spike nodding. E. canadensis, p. 246 


Eiymus striatus Willd. Slender Wild Rye. 
Pl. XI, Fig: 4. 
Elymus striatus Willdenow, Sp. Pl. I. 470. 1797 [North America].—Knies- 
kern 39.—Britton 299.—Keller and Brown 56. 
Northern counties, south locally in the Middle district and 
along the coastal strip; banks of streams. 
Fl.—Late June to late July. 


Middle District—Swedesboro, Westville. 
Coast Strip.—Atlantic City, Anglesea, Cape May. 
Elymus virginicus L. Virginia Wild Rye. 
Pl. XL, Fig. 6. 
Elymus virginicus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 84. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 39.— 
Beck’s Botany 415. 1833.—Britton 298. 

Northern and Middle districts, casual along the coast and in 
the Cape May peninsula; banks of streams. 

Fl.—Late July to early September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Medford (S$), Wash- 
ington Park, Jumbo, Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip—Avon, Anglesea, Court House, Cold Spring. 

Elymus halophilus Bicknell. Coast Wild Rye. 


‘Elymus halophilus Bicknell, Torr. Bull. 35. Apr., 1908, p. zor [Nantucket]. 


246 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Edge of salt marshes along the coast and on the lower bay 
shore. 

Fl.—Late July to early September. 

Maritime—Sandy Hook (NB), Pt. Pleasant, Manahawkin, Surf City 
(L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Beach Haven (L,), Harvey Cedars (L), Pea- 


hala (L), Ship Bottom (L,), Atlantic City (NB), Cape May Ct. House, Dias 
Creek. 


Elymus canadensis L. Nodding Wild Rye. 
Elymus canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 83. 1753 [Canada]—Knieskern 39.— 
Willis 75.—Britton 208. 
River banks, Northern and Middle districts. 
Fl.—Early July to early September, or occasionally later. 
Middle District—Shark River (C), Delair, Swedesboro. 


HYSTRIX Moench. 
Hystrix hystrix (L.). Bottle-brush Grass. 


Elymus Hystrix Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 124. 1762 [original habitat un- 
known].—Britton 299.—Keller and Brown 57. 


Rocky woods of the northern counties; reported by Dr. Britton 
from one station in the Middle district. 
Middle District—Arneytown (C). 


Family CYPERACE. Sedges. 

Distinguished from Grasses by their usually solid, more or 
less triangular stems and closed sheaths to the leaves. Fruit an 
achene. 3 

Flowering and Fruiting Data—In all the genera of this 
fami, except Cyperus and Carex (q. v.) and certain special 
cases noted under individual species, the time of year indicates 
the season during which well developed (and generally mature) 
achenes are commonly to be found and intact spikelets occur. 


Key to Genera. 


a. Flowers all of one kind, perfect. 
b. Spikelets two-ranked. 
c. Flattened or linear, arranged in terminal umbles, in loose spikes or 
spherical clusters. Cyperus, p. 248 
cc. Flattened, arranged in two ranks on peduncles from the axils of 
the short leaves, inflorescens extending for same distance along 
the culm. Dulichium, p. 256 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 247 


bb. Spikelets cylindrical or ovate with flowers on all sides, not two-ranked. 
ce. No apparent leaves (reduced to mere sheaths). Eleocharis, p. 257 
d. Leaves present. 

e. Inflorescence in compact heads, provided with soft silky or 
cotton-like white or whitish hairs, which become long and 
plume-like in autumn. , Eriophorum, p. 273 

ee. Inflorescence not provided with white or whitish hairs. 

f. Flowers 1 to 2 (rarely 3-4) in a spike. 
g. Achene, with a conspicuous beak or cap distinctly dif- 
ferent from the main portion. Rynchospora, p. 275 
gg. Achene uniform throughout, no beak. 
Cladium, p. 282 
ff. Flowers numerous, always more than four in a spikelet. 
g. Lowest leaves at least (often whole plant), hispid. 
: Fuirena, p. 274 
gg. Leaves never hispid. 
h. Spikelets 1 or 2-12 sessile in a terminal cluster. 
Scirpus, p. 266 
hh, Spikelets pedicelled, or at least-some of them, 
sometimes several on each pedicel. 
1. Plant less than 3.7 dm. high. 
j. Leaves filiform, shorter than the inflo- 
rescence. Stenophyllis, p. 265 
jj. Leaves linear, flat. 
k. Spikes half’ a line wide, leaves much 
shorter than the inflorescence. 
Fimbrystilis autumnalis, p. 265 
kk. Spikes one line wide, leaves equalling 
inflorescence. Psilocaria, p. 265 
it, Plants more than 6 dm. high. 
j. Leaves rigid, involute. 
Fimbrystilis castanea, p. 265 
jj. Leaves not involute. Scirpus, p. 266 
aa. Flowers of two kinds, some staminate, some pistillate. 
b. Achene inclosed in a sack or perigynia, open at the tip and often pro- 
longed into a slender toothed beak. 
c. Staminate and pistillate flowers in distinct spikes or in different 
parts of the same spike. Carex, section “a,” p. 285 
cc. Staminate and pistillate flowers, mingled together in or stami- 
nate at the base of) a terminal branching, “prickly” cluster (green 
or straw color) or in several scattered star-like clusters( green). 
Carex, section “aa,” p. 288 
cec. Staminate and pistillate flowers, mingled (staminate usually at the 
base) in uniform ovoid heads, clustered or usually separate, at 
the end of the scape; each composed of numerous closely imbri- 
cated, flat achenes and scales (chestnut or green). 
Carex, section “aaa,” p. 290 
bb. Achene’ naked, resembling a hard, round, bony seed, supported on a 
hard disc, generally white and shining sometimes blackish. 
Scleria, p. 282 


248 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


CYPERUS L. 


Flowering and Fruiting Data—The time of year denotes the 
season during which intact inflorescences, heads, and spikelets 
of characteristic shape, are present. 

Mature achenes are present some times after the season here 
designated, but the spikelets are then losing their characteristic 
shape through the dropping of the scales. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Spikelets flat, two-ranked and closely imbricated, more than 1.5 mm. 
wide, sessile in radiating umbels or occasionally one or two secondary 
umbels on pedicels. 

b. Edges of the spikelet sharply and finely notched owing to the pro- 
jecting points of the scales. 
c. Scales brown with a green keel, tips very sharp, slightly mucro- 
nate. Head often proliferous. C. dentatus, p. 251 
cc. Scales yellowish brown, tips not mucronate, not proliferous. 
d. Spikelets 2 mm. wide or over; maritime. C. nuttallii, p. 250 
dd. Spikelets less than 2 mm. wide, usually several short-pedi- 
celled umbels. C. microdontus, p. 251 
bb. Edges of the spikelet nearly entire, the tips of the scales blunt and 
not projecting. 
c. Spikelets yellow or yellowish, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad. 
C. flavescens, p. 249 
cc. Spikelets brown or green, spotted or bordered with brown. 
d. Spikelets 5-10 mm. long, branches of the styles projecting 
from the scales, secondary umbels always -present. 
C. diandrus, p. 250 
dd. Spikelets 10-20 mm. long, smooth and shining, style branches 
rarely visible, secondary spikelets occasional. 
C. rivularis, p. 250 
aa. Spikelets less than 1.5 mm. wide, often terete in cylindrical spikes at 
least one inch long, mostly on peduncles which are usually branched and 
sometimes very compound, forming masses of inflorescence 1-2 dm. or 
more in diameter. 
b. Peduncles branched. 
c. Spikes very dense, scales falling away from the rachis of the 
spikelet at maturity. C. erythrorhizos, p. 252 
cc. Spikes often loose, scales persistent on the rachis until the spike- 
let itself falls off. pee: 
d. Spikelets tertete, C. speciosus, p. 252 
dd. Spikelets distinctly flattened. C. strigosus, p. 253 
bb. Peduncles not branched. 
c. Lower spikelets not reflexed, heads rather loose, roots with small 
root tubers. C. esculentus, p. 252 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 249 


cc. Lower spikelets always reflexed, forming a dense ovoid head, no 
root tubers. C. lancastriensis, p. 253 
aaa. Spikelets in several peduncled dense umbels or short spikes (cylindrical, 
ovoid or top-shaped), not over 15 mm. long (exclusive of reflexed spike- 
lets). Spikelets less than 1.5 mm. in width, or else scales spreading and 
not closely imbricate,and main umbel sessile, with or without secondary 
pedicelled umbels. 
b. Spikelets linear, appressed, more or less terete, prevailing color 
brownish. 
c. Umbels globular ovoid or cylindrical, spikelets not bristly 
pointed, only the basal ones reflexed. 


d. Head globular or ovoid. C. ovularis, p. 234 
dd. Head cylindrical. C. cylindricus, p. 255 
cc. Umbels ovoid or top-shaped, spikelets bristly pointed, mostly 
reflexed. 
d. Umbels ovoid, long. C. lancastriensis, p. 253 
dd. Umbels top-shaped, 10-25 mm. long, all spikelets reflexed. 
e. Culms glabrous. C. hystricinus, p. 253 


ee. Culms scabrous above. 
f. Heads obovoid, contracted at base. 
C. retrofractus, p. 254 
fE. aa cylindric or subcylindric. 
C. dipsaciformis, p. 254 
bb. Spikelets broader, ake loosely arranged, prevailing color green. 
c. Rachis of spikelet winged, secondary pedicelled umbels always 
present. C. grayi, p. 255 
cc. Rachis of spikelet not winged. 
d. Secondary umbels often lacking. 
é. Spikelets 10-16 mm. long, 8-12 flowered. 
C. filiculmis, p. 256 
ee. Spikelets 3-8 mm. long, 4-8 flowered. 
C. f. macilentus, p. 256 
agaa. Spikelets as broad as long (3-6 mm.)., sessile in compact heads in large 
compound umbels, forming a mass of inflorescence .5-.7 dm. in diameter. 
C. pseudovegetus, p. 251 


Cyperus flavescens L. Yellow Sedge. 
Pl. XVL., Fig. 9. 

Cyperus flavescens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 46. 1753 [Germany, Switzerland and 
France.]—Knieskern 33.—Willis '67.—Britton 260.—Keller and Brown 58. 
Damp ground, common in our region, except in the Pine 

Barrens, casual in North Jersey. 

Fr.—Early August to early October. 


Middle District—Good Luck Pt. (C), New Egypt, Burlington, Kaighns Pt., 
Westville, Washington Park (S), Mickleton. (NB), Swedesboro . (KB), 
Jericho. ; 

Pine Barrens—Lakehurst, Chatsworth, Clementon, Hammonton, Atsion, 
Mays Landing (C), Pleasant Mills.. 


250 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Coast Strip—Forked River, Toms River (NB), Palermo, Sea Isle Jnc. (S), 
Wildwood. 
Cape May.—Dias Creek. 


Cyperus diandrus Torrey. Low Sedge. 
Pl. XVL, Fig. 14. 


Cyperus diandrus Torrey Cat. Pl. N. Y. 90. 1819 [Salt Meadows at Hoboken, 
N. J.]—Knieskern 33.—Willis 67—Britton 260—Keller and Brown 59. 


Damp ground; rare in the Middle district along the Delaware 
River and more frequent along the coast. 
Fr.—Mid-August to early October. 


Middle District—Gloucester Pt., Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L), Harvey Cedars (L), Brant Beach (L),. 
Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Holgate’s (L), Beach Haven 
(L), St. Albans (L), Waretown. 


Cyperus rivularis Kunth. Shining Sedge. 
Pl. XVI, Fig. 13. 


Cyperus rivularis Kunth Enum. 2: 6. 1837 [Georgia.]—Keller and Brown 59. 
Cyperus diandrus var. castaneus Knieskern 33.—Willis 67—Britton 260. 


Damp ground; common in the Northern and Middle districts 
and on the Coastal strip. 
Fr.—Mid-August to early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Swedesboro, Fish House (S), 
W. Deptford. 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Spring Lake (NY), Barnegat City (L), 
Brant Beach (L), Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven (L), Spray Beach (L), 
West Creek (S), E. of Egg Harbor City, Palermo (S). : 


Cyperus nuttallii Eddy. Nuttall’s Sedge. 
Pl. XVI, Fig. 15. 


Cyperus Nuttallii Eddy, Spreng. Neue. Entd. I. 240. 1820 [Submaritime 
Swamps of N. J.].—Knieskern 33.—Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. IID. 282. 
1836—Willis 67.—Britton 260.—Keller and Brown 59. 

Cyperus minimus Barton, Flor. Phila. I. 26. 1818—Nuttall, Gen. 1. 35. 1818. 

Cyperus Cleaverti Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ITT. 258 [Monmouth Co., N. J.]— 
Gray, Man. Ed. 2. 491. 1858. 


Edges of salt marshes all along the coast and on the bay shore. 
Fr.—Early August to early October. 


Maritime——Deal Beach, Sea Bright (NB), Bay Head, Island Heights, 
Toms River (NB), Seaside Park (S), Waretown, Barnegat City (L), Surf 
City (L) Ship Bottom (L), Peahala (1), Spray Beach (L), West Creek 
(S), Atlantic City, Longport, Ocean City (S), Sea Isle City (S), Piermont, 
Wildwood, Cape May, Dennisville, Beaver Dam. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 251 


Cyperus microdontus Torr. Small-toothed Sedge. 

Cyperus microdontus Torrey, Am. Lyc. N. Y. III.: 255. 1836 [Salem, N. C.]. 
—Robinson and Fernald, Gray’s Man. Ed. 7, 174—Emile F. Williams, 
Rhodera III. 1go1, 36. 

Only known in the State from a specimen in the Gray herba- 
rium, collected by Dr. J. B. Brinton, August 1, 1880. at Cape May, 
but labelled C. nuttallii; from Pleasant Mills, where it was 
discovered September 27, 1887, by Mr. C. A. Gross, possibly 
from the shores of Mullica River, within the limits of tidewater ; 
and from Claypot Creek, Navesink Highlands, where it was 
obtained by Mr. E. F. Williams, September 2, 1900, and identi- 
fied by Prof. Fernald. Previously not known from north of 
Virginia. 

Fr—Early August to early October. 


Coast Strip—Navesink (E. F. Williams), Pleasant Mills, Cape May (Gray 
Herb.). 
Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud. Marsh Sedge. 
‘Pl. XVL, Fig. 7. 
Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud, Syn. Pl. Cyp. 24. 1855 [So. Carolina].— 
Stone Torreya, 1907, 40. 

Lower portion of the Middle. district. Discovered near 
Riddleton, September 16, 1894, by Charles D. Lippincott. 
Rare. , 

Fr.—Early July to early October. 


‘Middle District—Riddleton. 


Cyperus dentatus Torr. Toothed Sedge. 
Pl. XVL, Fig. 8. 


_ Cyperus dentatus Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 61. 1824 [Pine Barrens of New Jer- 
sey]—Knieskern 34.—Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. IIL, 271. 1836.—Willis 67. 
—Britton 260.—Keller and Brown 59. 

Cyperus parviflorus Barton, FI. Phila. I.: 28. 1818. 

Wet sandy spots in the Pine Barrens and locally in the 
Northern and Middle districts. 

We have both the typical form, which has the spikelets fre- 
quently abortive, and the var. ctenostachys of Fernald, which 
seems to me to be merely a fully developed normal extreme of 
the same thing. 

Fr.—Late July to late September. 


252 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Burlington, Delanco, Medford (S), Riddleton (KB), 
Elwood (KB). 

Pine Barrens—Asbury Park (NB), Bay Head, Lakehurst, Toms River, 
Browns Mills Jnc. (KB), Forked River (H), Waretown, Pasadena, Speed- 
well, Chatsworth, Taunton, Berlin, Bear Swamp, Hammonton, Atsion, Park- 
dale, Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Weekstown, Egg Harbor City, 
Mays Landing (KB). 


Cyperus esculentus L. Nut Grass. 


Pl. XVI, Fig. 16. 


Cyperus esculemtus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 45. 1753 [Monspelii].—Britton 260. 
Cyperus phymatodes Barton, Flor. Phila. I.: 27. 1818.—Willis 67. 
Cyperus repens Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III.: 264. 1836. 

Common in open swampy ground, except in the Pine Barrens ; 
most plentiful on the coastal strip, often increasing enormously 
where swamp land is cultivated. 

Fr.—Early August to late September or early October. 

Middle Dstrict—Phalanx (NB), New-Egypt, Lawnside (6S), Swedesboro, 
Salem (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville (T). 

Coast Strip—Spring Lake (NB), Seaside Park, Beach Haven Terrace (L), 
Surf City (L), Tucker’s (L), Atlantic City (S), Palermo (S), Ocean City 


-(S), Mays Landing, Sea Isle Jnc. (S), Piermont, Anglesea, Cold Spring, 
Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. (S). 


Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Red-rooted Sedge. 


Pl. XVL., Fig. 12. 
Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhlenberg, Gram. 20. 1817 [Pennsylvania].—Wiflis 
67.—Britton 261. 
Locally in swampy ground of the Middle and Coast districts. 
Found abundantly along Big Timber Creek, near Westville, 
September, 1911, by Mr. Bayard Long. 
Fr.—Mid-August into October. 


Middle District—Camden (NB), Petty’s Isl. (NB), Westville, Swedes- 
boro, Millville. 
Coast Strip—Anglesea (UP). 


Cyperus speciosus Vahl. Michaux’s Sedge. 
Pl. XVL, Fig. 11. 


Cyperus speciosus Vahl., Emun. 2: 364. 1806 [Virginia].—Britton 261.— 
Keller and Brown 60. 
Cyperus Michaurxianus Willis 67. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 253 


‘Swamps along the coast, also at Camden (probably on ballast). 
Fr.—Early August to late September. 


Middle District —Camden. 

Coast Strip —Seaside Park, Waretown, Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), 
Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Piermont, Stone 
Harbor, Wildwood, Cape May (KB). 

Cape May.—Dennisville (S).* 


. 


Cyperus strigosus L. Straw-colored Sedge. 
Pl. XVL., Fig. ro. 


Cyperus strigosus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 47. 1753 [Jamaica and Virginia] —Barton 
Fl. Phila, I.; 27. 1818—Knieskern 34.—Willis 67—Britton 261. 
Cyperus strigosus var. capitatus Britton 261 (dwarfed). 

Plentiful in swamps and moist open ground throughout the 
State except in the Pine Barrens. Very variable, but not satis- 
factorily divisible into definite varieties. 

Fr.—Early August to late September. 

Middle District—New Egypt (S), Camden, Morris, Medford, Taunton (S), 
W. Deptford, Lawnside (S), Mickleton, Tomlin, Wenonah, Clementon, 
Swedesboro, Salem (S), Millville, Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville. 

Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), Harvey Cedars (L), 
Ship Bottom (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Spray Beach (L), Barrel Isl. (L), 
West Creek (5), Ocean City (S), Seaville (S), Sea Isle City (S), Wild- 
wood, Cold Spring (S), Cape May (S). 


Cyperus lancastriensis Porter. Lancaster Sedge. 


Pl. XVI, Fig. 1. 
Cyperus lancastriensis Porter, Gray’s Manual, Ed. V. 555. 1867 [Banks of 
the Susquehanna, Lanc. Co., Pa.]—Watson, Gray’s Man., Ed. VI. 572. 1890. 
—Britton 261—Keller and Brown 60. 
Locally in’ sandy soil, Middle district and on the Delaware 
below Trenton. 
Fr.—t,ate July to early October. 


Middle District—Centerville (C), Near Woodbury, Swedesboro. 


‘Cyperus hystricinus Fernald. Bristling Sedge. 
Pl. XVL, Fig. 2. 
Cyperus hystricinus Fernald, Rhodora, July, 1906:127 [near Haddonfield, 


N. J.J ; 
Cyperus retrofractus Britton 261 (in part)—Keller and Brown 60 (in part). 


*'The records for Mays Landing (C) and Hammonton (KB) on authority 
of Benj. Heritage prove to be C. dentatus. 


254 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Locally in the Middle district. 
Fr.—tLate July to late September. 
Middle District—Red Bank, Westville, Washington Park (S), National 


Park, Malaga (S), Locust Grove, Swedesboro (CDL). 
Pine Barrens.—Hammonton. 


Cyperus retrofractus (L.). Rough Sedge. 
Scirpus retrofractus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 50. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Mariscus retrofractus Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 30. 1818—Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 
III. 283. 1836.—Willis 67. 

Cyperus retrofractus Britton 261.—Keller and Brown 60. 

Locally in the Middle and Pine Barren districts and near 
Hoboken to the northward. 

Fr.—Late July to late September. 


Middle District—Medford (S), Locust Grove, Malaga. 
Pine Barrens.—Weymouth. 


Cyperus dipsaciformis Fernald. Teasel-like Sedge. 
Cyperus dipsaciformis Fernald, Rhodora 106, p. 127 [near Washington, D, C.]. 


I am informed by Prof. M. L. Fernald that there is a specimen 
in the Gray Herbarium from the herbarium of Thomas Morong, 
labelled in Morong’s handwriting “Sandy Pine Barrens, New 
Jersey, Coll. Morong, September, 1873.’ This is our only evi- 
dence of its occurrence in our region.* 


Cyperus ovularis (Michx.). Globose Sedge. 
Pl. XVL, Fig. 4. ‘ 


Kyllingia ovularis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 29. 1803 [Georgia and Caro- 
lina]. 

Mariscus glomeratus Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 30. 1818. 

Cyperus ovularis Knieskern 34.—Willis 67.—Britton 261—Keller and Brown 
60. 


Common in open sandy ground throughout our region, except 
in the Pine Barrens, and casual in the northern counties. 
Fr.—Early July to early September. 


* A specimen collected many years ago by S. W. Conrad at Fish House on 
the Delaware, and now in the Philadelphia Academy Herbarium, has been 
identified by Dr. Britton as Cyperus refractus. The plant, however, is abor- 
tive and not well developed, and I do not think it can be certainly identified 
with this species. There is no other record for the state. 


4 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY, 255 


Middle District—New Egypt, Burlington, Arney’s Mt. (S), Delaire, Med- 
ford (S), Swedesboro (CDL). 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Barrel Isl. 
(L), Atlantic City (KB), Palermo (S), Holly Beach (UP). 

Cape May.—Three mi. W. Court House (S), Dias Creek, Rio Grande, Ben- 
nett, Cold Spring, Cape May.* 


Cyperus cylindricus (Ell.). Pine Barren Sedge. 


: Pl. XVI, Fig 3. 
Mariscus cylindricus Elliott, Bot. S. C. and Ga. L 74. 1816 [probably South 
Carolina]. 
?Mariscus echinatus Barton, Fl. Phila. I, 1818. 
Cyperus kyllingeoides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 50. 
Cyperus Torreyi Britton 26r. 
Cyperus cylindricus Keller and Brown 60. 


Open sandy ground, common throughout the Pine Barrens, 
Cape May and Coast districts, rare and local in the Middle 
district. 

Fr.—Late July to mid-September. 

Middle District—Lindenwold; Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens——Hornerstown, Lakehurst, Toms River (NB), Woodmansie 
(KB), Forked River, Bear Swamp (S), Taunton, Lucaston, Albion, Landis- 
ville, Winslow (S), Parkdale, Forks of Batsto, Egg Harbor City, Tucka- 
hoe (S). 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, St. Albans (L,), Beach Haven (L), Surf City 
(L), Sherburn’s (L,), Atlantic City, Palermo (S), Ocean City (S), Piermont, 
Wildwood, Anglesea, Holly Beach. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (S). 


Cyperus grayi Torr. Gray’s Sedge. 
Pl. XVI, Fig. 6. 
Cyperus Grayit Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 268. 1836 [Pine region of New 
Jersey]—Knieskern 34.—Willis 67—Britton 261—Keller and Brown 61. 
Common on the sandhills of the coast and in the Pine Barrens. 
Rare and local in the Middle district. 
Fr.—Early August to late September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Camden. 

Pine Barrens.—Manchester (NB), Weymouth Island Hts. Jnc., Forked 
River, Speedwell, Chatsworth, Taunton (8), Clementon, Penbryn (S), 
Waterford, Franklinville, Landisville, Atsion (S), Pleasant Mills, Weymouth. 


* The records for Hammonton and Forked River (KB) reported by Benj. 
Heritage and J. Crawford prove to be the next. 


286 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (C), Pt. Pleasant, Seaside Park (S), Ware- 
town, Forked River (NY), Barnegat City (L,), Spray Beach (L), Sherburn’s 
(L), West Creek (S), Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Sea Isle City (S), 
Piermont, Stone Harbor, Wildwood, Cape May Pt. ($). 


Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. Slender Sedge. 
Cyperus filiculmis Vahl Enum., II. 328. 1806 [Carolina]—Knieskern 34.—. 
Willis 67—Keller and Brown 60. 
Cyperus autumnalis Barton Fl. Phila. I. 28. 1818. 
Common, perhaps, in the northern counties, but rare in our 
limits, spreading along railroads, etc. 
F'r.— Late June into October. 


Middle District—Woodbury, Kaighns Pt., Wenonah. 
Cape May.—Court House, Cape May. 


Cyperus filiculmis macilentus Fernald. 
Pl. XVI, Fig. 5. 
Cyperus filiculinis var. macilentus Fernald Rhodera, July, 1906: 128 [Orono, 
Me.]. : 
Dry sandy soil; most plentiful along the sand-dunes of the 
coast, also in the Pine Barrens and Middle districts. 

FJ.—Late June into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House, Morris, Woodbury, Washingtor 
Park, Wenonah, Lawnside (S), Lindenwold (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, 
Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens.—Vineland, Landisville, Bamber, Twelfth St. Albion, Forks. 
of Batsto, Egg Harbor City. 

Coast Strip—Asbury Park (NB), Pt. Pleasant, West Creek (S), Surf 
City (L), Barnegat City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Peahala (L), Tucker’s (L),* 
St. Albans (L), Sherburn’s (L), Barrel Isl. (L), Longport (S), Atlantic City 
(S). 

Cape May.—Fishing Creek (OHB), Cape May (OBH), Cape May Pt. 


DULICHIUM. L. C. Richard. 
Dulichium arundinaceum (L.). Dulichium. 
Pl. XVIL, Fig. 4. 
Cyperus arundinacea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 44. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Dulichium spathaceus Barton, Fl. Phila. I.: 30. 1818—Knieskern 34.—Wil- 
lis 67.—Britton 262. 

Common in wet swamps and along the edge of streams in the 
Northern, Middle and Coastal districts. The few Pine Barren 
records seem to have followed up the tidewater streams. 

Fr.—Mid-July into October. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 257 


Middle District—New Egypt, Florence, Birmingham, Delanco (S$), Med- 
ford (S), Lindenwold, Paulsboro, Swedesboro, Sharpstown, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (NY), Lakehurst, Forked River, Waretown, 
Bear Swamp (S), Hammonton (NY), Landisville, Petersburg (S), Egg 
Harbor (NB). : 

Cape May.—Cape May, Town Bank. 


ELEOCHARIS R. Brown. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Spikes 2-6 cm. long of nearly or quite the same diameter as the culms. 
b. Scales blunt and rounded, spike blunt, cylindrical. 
c. Culm; four-angled. E. quadrangulata, p. 258 
cc. Culm terete. E. interstincta, p. 258 
‘bb. Scales sharp pointed, spike linear, awl-shaped. E. robbinsti, p. 258 
aa. Spike much thicker than the culm. 
b. Spike 6-15 mm. long. 
c. Mature spikes at least 3 mm. thick. 
d. Scales pointed, tips spreading. 
e. Culms 3-15 dm. tall, stout. E. palustris, p. 260 
ee. Culms 2~-4.5 dm. tall, slender. E. glaucescens, p. 260 
dd. Scales blunt, spikes more or less globose. 
e. Scales short and rounded, closely imbricated. 
f. Spikes globose. E. obtusa, p. 259 
ff. Spikes oblong, cylindric. E. engelmanni, p. 260 
ee. Scales longer and more loosely arranged. 
f. Scales brown with a lighter mid-vein. 
E. melanocarpa, p. 262 
ff. Scales greenish with a dark mid-vein. 
g. Spike ovoid, culms not rooting at tip. 
E. tuberculosa, p. 261 
gg. Spike spindle shaped, sterile culms often rooting at 
tip. E. rostellata, p. 264 
cc. Mature spikes less than 3 mm. thick. 
d. Scales minute, rounded, closely imbricated, spike cylindrical, 
6-15 mm. long. E. tricostata, p. 262 
dd. Scales larger, more loosely arranged, spikes 4-6 mm. long. 
E. tenuis, p. 263 


bb. Spikes 2-6 mm. long. 


c. Culms spirally twisted. E. tortilis, p. 263 
cc. Culms not twisted. ; 
d. Culms 2-4 dm. high. E. tenuis, p. 263 


dd. Culms not over 2 dm. high (seldom over 1-5 dm.). 
e. Culms capillary. 
f. Spikes two to six-flowered, 1 mm. broad. 
E. acicularis, p. 260 


ff. Spikes six to many-flowered, culms often proliferous. 
E. torreyana, p. 261 


ee. Culms thicker. 
17 MUS 


258 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


f. Spikes 2 mm. broad, scales reddish brown, with a green 
mid-vein. E. olivacea, p. 259 

ff. Spikes 2-3 mm. broad, scales very pale. 
E. ocreata, p. 259 


Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl.). Knotted Spike-rush. 
Pl. XVII, Fig. 5. 
Scirpus interstinctus Vahl, Eman. II.:251. 1806 [Caribaeis] —Keller and 
Brown 61.—Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1908. 458. 

Known only from a swamp at Repaupo in the Middle district, 
where it was first discovered by Benjamin Heritage, July 15, 
1892. 

Fr —Mid-July to late August. 

Middle District —Repaupo. 


Eleocharis quadrangulata Michx. Quadrangular Spike-rush. 


Pl. XVIL, Fig. 6. 


Scirpus quadrangulatus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 30. 1803 [Carolina]. 

Eleocharis quadrangulata Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 297. 1836.—Willis 
68. 

Eleocharis mutata Britton, Jour. N. Y. Micros. Soc. V. 98. 1889.—Britton 
262.—Keller and Brown 62. 


Found in our region only in wet swamps in the Cape May 
district, but occurs also at Swartswood Lake, Sussex Co. 

Fr.—Mid-July to mid-August. 

Cape May.—Dennisville, Dias Creek, Bennett, Cape May. 


Eleocharis robbinsii Oakes. Robbin’s Spike-rush. 


Pl. XVIL, Fig. 7. 
Eleocharis Robbinsii Oakes, Hovey’s Magazine VII. 178. 1848 [Pondi- 
cherry pond, Jefferson, N. H.].—Willis 67—Britton, Jour. N. Y. Micros. 


Soc. V. 99. 1889.—Gray Manual Fd. V. 557. 1867.—Britton 262.— 
Keller and Brown 62. 


* 


Growing in the water in Pine Barren streams and ponds, 
frequent; rare and local in similar situations in the Middle 
district. 

Fr.—Mid-July to mid-September, good fruit somewhat infre- 
quent. 

Middle District—Delanco, Union Grove (S), Fairton. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Forked River, Dover Forge, Pasadena, Pleas- 
ant Mills, Mullica River, Quaker Bridge, Chatsworth, Hammonton, Berlin, 


Browns Mills (H), Dennisville. 
Cape May.—Town Bank. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 259 


Eleocharis ocreata (Nees.). Pale Spike-rush. 


Pl. XVIL, Fig. 14. 
Eleogenus ocreatus Nees., in Mart. Fl. Bras. II. Part 1. 102. 1842 [Bahia, 
Rio Janiero, etc.].—Stone Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1008. 458. 
Restricted to the southern part of the Cape May peninsula, 
where it was first found by Mr. S. S. Van Pelt on the shores of 
Lily Lake, July 17 and September 16, 1905. 
Cape May.—Cape May Pt. 


Eleocharis olivacea Torr. Green Spike-rush. 


Eleocharis olivacea Torrey, Ann, Lyc. N. Y. III. 300. 1836 [Pine Barrens 
of New Jersey]—Knieskern 34.—Willis 68.—Britton 262—Keller and 
Brown 62. 


Frequent in moist open ground throughout the State, but most 
plentiful in the Pine Barrens and along the coast. 
Fr.—Late July into October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Hainesport, Birmingham, Delaire, Mickleton 
(H), Swedesboro, Millville, Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens.——Lakehurst, Browns Mills, Bamber, Chatsworth, Jackson, 
Clementon, Atco, Landisville, Hammonton, Parkdale, Atsion, Batsto, Forks 
of Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Quaker Bridge, Absecon (Bassett). 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Forked River, Waretown, Manahawkin, Surf 
City (L), Absecon (S), Palermo. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). 


Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Obtuse Spike-rush. 
PI. XVIL, Fig. 17. 


Scirpus obtusus Willdenow, Enum. Hort. Berol. 76. 1809 [North America]. 
Eleocharis obtusa Knieskern, 34.—Willis 68. 
Eleocharis ovata Britton 262. 


Common throughout the State except in the Pine Barrens, 
where it is found only along tidewater streams or introduced in 


cultivated ground. 
Fr.—Mid-June to early October. 


Middle District—Keyport (NY), New Egypt, Delanco, Birmingham, Del- 
aire, Camden, Lindenwold, Woodbury, Swedesboro, Clementon, Millville. 

Pine Barrens.—Pleasant Mills (T), Landisville, Four mi. E. Hammonton 
(S), Mays Landing. 

Coast Strip—Deal, Manahawkin, Anglesea. 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Bennett (S), Cape May. 


260 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Eleocharis engelmanni Steud. Engelmann’s Spike-rush. 
Eleocharis engelmanni Steud, Syn. Pl. Cyp. 79. 1855 [St. Louis, Mo.]. 
Eleocharis ovata var. engelmanni Britton Jour. N. Y. Micros. Soc. V. 103. 

1889.—Britton 262. 

Reported in our region only from Kaighns Point. Occasion- 
ally in the northern counties. 

Fr.—Mid-June to late August. 

Middle District—Blackwoodstown Turnpike (from Chas. E. Smith’s Her- 
barium and doubtless the specimens reported on his authority in Britton’s 
Catalogue from “Kaighns Pt.”). 

Eleocharis palustris (L.). Creeping Spike-rush. 
Scirpus palustris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 47. 1753 [Europe]. 
Eleocharis palustris Keller and Brown 62. 

Wet swamps; rather frequent in the northern counties, rare 
and local in the Middle and Coast districts. The record in Brit- 
ton’s Catalogue for Gloucester Co. belongs to the next. 


Middle District—New Egypt. 
Coast Strip—N. Wildwood. 


Eleocharis glaucescens Willd. Glaucous Spike-rush. 
Pl. XVIL, Fig. 11. 

Scirpus glaucescens Willdenow, Enum. 76. 1809 [North America]. 
Eleocharis palustris var. glaucescens Britton 262. 

Common in swamps in the Northern, Middle and Coast dis- 
tricts to Cape May. 

There seem to be two forms of this species as pointed out to 
me by Mr. Bayard Long. Those marked with an asterisk have 
a yellow achene with a nearly sessile truncate beak, while in the 
others the achene is brown with an acute pedicilled beak. 

Fl.—Mid-June to late August. 

Middle District—Delanco, Lindenwold, Medford, Tomlinson’s. 

Coast Strip—Deal,* Pt. Pleasant, Manahawkin,* Spray Beach (L), Bar- 
negat City (L),* Surf City (L),* Ship Bottom (L),* St. Albans (L), Mays 
Landing (T), Piermont,* Wildwood (S), Cold Spring. 

Cape May.—Dias Creek,* Cape May.* 

Eleocharis acicularis (L.). Needle Spike-rush. 
Pl. XVII, Fig. 15. 


Scirpus acicularis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 48. 1753 [Europe]. 
Eleocharis acicularis Knieskern 34.—Willis 68. 
Scirpus trichodes Barton Fl, Phila. I. 32, 1818. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 261 


Wet muddy places, shores of streams, etc. Common in the 
Northern and Middle districts, occurs also in the Cape May 
peninsula. 

Fr.—Mid-July into October; good fruit quite uncommon. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Delanco (S), Swedesboro, Millville, Mantua 
(H). 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville. 

Cape May.—Nummeytown (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


Eleocharis tuberculosa (Michx.). Tubercled Spike-rush. 
Pl. XVII, Fig. 8. 


Scirpus tuberculosus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 30. 1803 [Lower Carolina]. 

Eleocharis tuberculosa Knieskern 34.—Beck Botany 424. 1833.—Torrey, Ann. 
Lye. N. Y. ITI. 307. 1836.—Willis 68—Britton Jour. N. Y. Micros. Soc. 
V. 106. 1889.—Britton 262—Keller and Brown 62. 


Wet sandy ground throughout the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May districts, rare and local in the lower part of the Middle 
district. This is the characteristic Eleocharis of the Pine Bar- 
rens, taking the place of E. obtusa of the Middle district. Its 
occurrence outside the Pines is limited to the so-called Pine Bar- 
ren Islands of west Jersey. 

Fr—Mid-July to mid-September. 


Middle District—Shark River, Griffith’s Swamp, Centerton (S), Dividing 
Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Lakehurst, Toms River (S), Island Heights, Forked 
River, Brindletown, Manahawkin, Mayetta, West Creek, Speedwell (S), 
White House (S), Bear Swamp, Berlin, Atco, Jackson, Landisville, Ham- 
monton (S), Parkdale (S), Atsion, Quaker Bridge, Pleasant Mills, Forks of 
Batsto (S), Egg Harbor City, Cologne, Pancoast (S), Eighth St. (T), Mays 
Landing (S), Manumuskin (S), Sea Isle Jnc. 

Coash Strip.—Sherburn’s (L). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Bennett, Cape May. 


Eleocharis torreyana Boeckl. Torrey’s Spike-rush. 
Pl. XVIL, Fig. 16. 
Heleocharis Torreyanus Boeckl, Linnea 36, 440. 1870 [mew name for “E. 
microcarpa b ? filiculmis Torrey,” Pine Barrens of N. J.]. 
Eleocharis microcarpa Willis 68—Britton Jour. N. Y. Micros. Soc. V. 107. 
1889.—Britton 263.—Keller and Brown 62. 
Eleocharis microcarpa b ? filiculmis Torrey, Gray’s Manual, Ed. I. 525. 1848. 
Restricted to damp sandy spots in the Pine Barrens and upper 


part of the Cape May district. 


262 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Originally described by Torrey from specimens collected in 
the New Jersey Pine Barrens, apparently in Ocean County. 

Fr.—Early July to early October. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River (H), Double Trouble, Bamber, Manahawkin, 
Speedwell (S), Pleasant Mills, Quaker Bridge (C), Ballinger’s Mill (S), 


Twelfth St. Folsom, Williamstown Jnc., Egg Harbor City. 
Cape May—Anglesea Jnc., Bennett Court House (S), Cold Spring. 


Eleocharis melanocarpa Torrey. Black-fruited Spike-rush. 


Pl. XVIL., Fig. 9. 

Eleocharis melanocarpa Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 311. 1836 [Pine Bar- 
rens near Savannah, Go.].—Willis 68.—Britton 263-—Stone, Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. 1908. 458—Long, Bartonia II. 18. 1910. 

Apparently restricted to the lower part of the Middle district. 
The first specimens I have seen from the State were collected at 
Delanco, August, 1907, by Messrs. 5. S. Van Pelt, Stewardson 
Brown and the writer. The plant was quite plentiful then, and 
the tips of the leaves were rooting after the manner of E. 
rostellata. 

The earlier published records “Pine Barrens,” Parker, and 
“Sandy Swamps, Monmouth Co.,” Willis, unsupported by speci- 
mens may be regarded with suspicion, at least until we obtain 
other records from the Pines. 

Fr.—Early July to mid-August, probably. 


Middle District—Delanco, Below Millville. 
Cape May.—Bennett. 


Eleocharis tricostata Torr. Three-ribbed Spike-rush. 


Pl. XVIL, Fig. 10. 


Eleocharis tricostata Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 310. 1836 [Georgia and 
Florida] —Knieskern 34.—Willis 68—Gray Manual Ed. I. 524. 1848— 
Britton Jour. N. Y. Micros. Soc. V. 108. 1889.—Britton 263.—Keller and 
Brown 62. 

Swamps in the Cape May and Pine Barren districts; rare and 
local in the Middle district. 

Dr. Knieskern first detected this species in the State at Quaker 
Bridge, but it has since proved to be not uncommon, especially in 
the Cape May peninsula, 

Fr.—Farly July to late August. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 263 


Middle District—Delanco. 
Pine Barrens—Double Trouble, Quaker Bridge (C), Williamstown Jnc., 


Inskip, Newtonville, Grassy Pond, Twelfth St. and Jackson Road, Egg Har- 
bor City. 


Cape May.—Bennett, Whitesboro, Nummeytown (S), Rio Grande. 


Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.). Slender Spike-rush.* 


Pl. XVIL., Fig. 18. 


Scirpus tenuis Willdenow, Enum. Hort. Berol. I. 76. 1809 [North 
America]. 
Scirpus filiformis Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. I. 54. 
Eleocharis tennis Knieskern 34—Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 309. 1836.— 
Willis 68—Britton 263. 
Damp places; common throughout the State. 
Fr..—Early June to early July; scales then drop during July, 
but achenes persist on the rachis often until October. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Burlington, Delanco (S), Camden, Lawn- 
side (S), Tomlinson’s Glassboro (S), Swedesboro, Riddleton, Millville. 
Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Toms River, Forked River, Manahawkin, West 
Creek, E. and W. Plains, Landisville, New Germany, Weymouth. 
Coast Strip.—Spray Beach (L). ‘ 
Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


Eleocharis tortilis (Link.). Twisted Spike-rush. 
Pl. XVII. Fig. 13. 
Scirpus tortilis Link, Jahrb. III. 78. 1820 [North America]. 


Moist open ground; rare and local in the southern Middle 
district, but more common in the Cape May peninsula. Reaches 
its northern limit in southern New Jersey. 

This interesting species easily recognized by its spirally twisted 
stem, was first collected in the State by Mr. Chas. D. Lippincott, 
September 6, 1896, near Swedesboro. 

Fr—Early July to early September. 


Middle District—Two miles north of Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Dias Creek, West Cape May, Cold Spring (OHB). 


* Eleocharis intermedia Muhlenberg [Gram. 31. 1817—Pennsylvania] is 
given in Britton’s Catalogue as rare and local in Northern New Jersey. It 
was recorded by Willis from Ocean and Monmouth Counties, but this record 
has been rejected by Dr. Britton, and as Mr. Heritage’s record in Keller 
and Brown’s Catalogue proves to be E. olivacea, the species seems to have no 


place in our list. 


264 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Eleocharis rostellata Torr. Beaked Spike-rush. 
Pl. XVIIL., Fig. 12. 


Scirpus rostellatus Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 318. 1836 [Penn Yan 
Yates Co. N. Y. and So. Carolina]. 

Eleocharis rostellata Willis 68—Bri‘ton Jour. N. Y. Micros. Soc. V. 110. 
1889.—Britton 262—Keller and Brown 63. 

Common along the edge of the salt marshes of the coast and 
on the Hackensack marshes north of our limits. 

This species is noted for the rooting of the tips of the sterile 
scapes, which thus form loops or arches that continually catch the 
feet as one walks through the meadows. 

Fr.—tLate June to mid-August. 

Maritime—Ocean Grove, Pt. Pleasant, Seaside Park, Barnegat Pier, 
Manahawkin, Spray Beach (L,), Beach Haven (L), Sherburn’s (L,), Atlantic 
City (C), Somers Pt., Cape May Ct. House, Cold Spring, Cape May (S), 
Dennis. 

DICHROMENA Michaux. 


Dichromena colorata (L.). Narrow-leaved Dichromena. 
Schoenus coloratus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 43. 1753 [Jamaica and Bahamas]. 
Dichromena leucocephala Gray Man. Fd. I. 531. 1848.—Willis 60. 
Dichromena cephalotes Britton 263. 

The occurrence of this plant in New Jersey seems to be based 
upon the statement in the first edition of Gray’s Manual (1848), 
where this State is included in the range, though upon what evi- 
dence it is now impossible to ascertain. No one is quoted as 
authority, and Prof. Fernald writes me that he can find no speci; 
men, that might have been responsible for the record, in the Gray 
Herbarium. 

Willis gives it as occurring in “wet places among the pine 
forests, Ocean and Monmouth Counties,” but it is not mentioned 
by Knieskern, and Willis’ statement was doubtless based upon 
Gray. Britton simply quotes Gray and Willis, adding ‘not re- 
cently collected.” 

Notwithstanding the lack of specimens or any definite informa- 
tion, New Jersey is quoted in the range of the plant in all the 
manuals down to the present time. 

It is included here simply to emphasize the facts regarding its 
reported occurrence in the State, which up to the present time I 
have been utterly unable to substantiate. 


oe 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 265 


PSILOCARYA Torrey. 
Psilocarya nitens (Vahl.). 
Scirpus nitens Vahl, Emun. 2. 272. 1806 [Carolina].—Long, Bartonia II. 
18, IgIo. 
Very rare in the lower part of the Cape May peninsula, where 
it was collected by Mr. O. H. Brown in September, 19009. 
Cape May.—Cape May. 


STENOPHYLLUS Rafinesque. 
Stenophyllus capillaris (L.). Hair-like Sedge. 
Pl. XVIL, Fig. 3. 
Scirpus capillaris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 49. 1753 [Virginia]—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 
34. 1818. 
Fimbristylis capillaris Knieskern 34.— Willis 69.—Britton 263. 
Isolepis capillaris Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. II. 351. 1836. 

Common in dry ground in the Northern and Middle districts 
and Coastal strip to Cape May. Rare and probably introduced in 
the Pine Barrens. Both this and the next are often weeds along 
railroads, etc. 

Fr.—Early August to late September. 

Middle District—Burlington, Morris, Camden, Bridgeport, Tomlin, Swedes- 
boro. 

Pine Barrens—Speedwell (S), Landisville (T), Mays Landing (NB), 
Tuckahoe. 


Coast Stvip—Sherburn’s (L). Ship Bottom (L), Barrel Isl. (L), West 
Creek (S), Palermo (S), Cape May (S). 


7 FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. 


Pl. XVIL., Fig. 2. 
Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.). Autumnal Sedge. 


Scirpus autumnalis Linnzus, Mant. Il. 180. 1771 [Virginia]—Pursh, FI. 
Amer. Sept. I. 57. 1814—Barton, Fl. Phila. 1. 34. 1818. 

Fimbristylis autumnalis Knieskern 34.—Willis 68—Britton 263. 

‘Trichelostylis mucronulatus Torrey, Am. Lyc. N. Y. III. 355. 1836. 


Common in moist ground, throughout the State. 
Fr.—Mid-August to late September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Delanco, Camden, Lawnside (5), Clementon, 
Medford (S), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Berlin, Landisville (T), Main Road Sta, Mays Landing. 

Coast Strip—Coxe’s, West Creek (S), N. Beach Haven (L,), Beach Haven 
Terrace (L), Sherburn’s (L). 


266 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Cape May.—Dennisville (S), three miles west Court House (S), Cape May 
(OHB). 
Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.). Chestnut Sedge. 
Pl. XVIL, Fig. 1. 
Scirpus castaneus Michaux, Fl, Bor. Am. I. 31. 1803 [Florida]. 
Fimbristylis spadicea Knieskern 34.—Torrey, Am. Lyc. N. Y. III. 346. 1836. 

—Willis 68. 

Scirpus ferrugineus Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 53. 1824—Muhlenberg, Gram. 35. 
1817. 

Scirpus spadiceus Muhlenberg, Gram. 35. 1817. 

Fimbristylis castanea Britton 263—Keller and Brown 63. 

Common in salt marshes all along the coast and rarely in 
sandy swamps in the Pine Barrens. None of the lists refer to 
this species as occurring away from the coast, although specimens 
collected by Cooper at Quaker Bridge have long been in the 
Academy herbarium; they and other Pine Barren material show 
no difference whatever from the maritime plant.* 

Fr—Early August to late September. 

Pine Barrens—Atsion, Quaker Bridge, Cedar Grove (S), Hammonton (T). 

Maritime.—Pt. Pleasant, Manahawkin, Surf City (L), Beach Haven (L), 
Sherburn’s (L), Atlantic City, Ocean City, Palermo, Mays Landing (NB), 
Sea Isle City, Piermont, Stone Harbor, Holly Beach, Anglesea, Anglesea Jnc. 
(S), Cape May (S). 


SCIRPUS L. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Spikelet single, terminal. 


b. Plants not over .5 dm. high. S. nanus, p. 267 
bb. Plants 1.5-9 dm. high. 
c. 1.5-3.5 dm. tall. terrestrial. S. planifolius, p. 268 
cc. 3-9 dm. long, floating. S. subterminalis, p. 268 


aa, Spikelets several, sessile, with a single bract. 
b. Culms tertete or nearly so, .7-6 dm. tall, spikelets 5-10 mm. long. 


c. Achene biconvex. S. debilis, p. 268 

cc. One face of the achene flat. : 

d, Bristles wanting. S. smithii, p. 269 

dd. Bristles present. S. s. setosus, p. 269 

bb. Culms sharply 3-angled, usually over 6 dm. tall, spikelets 5-15 mm. 
long. 


*In Ann. Lye. N. Y. II. 345. 1836. Dr. Torrey mentions a specimen of 
FP. congesta [=F. vahlii] in the Herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy from 
New Jersey, but I do not find it. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 267 


c. Involucral leaf blunt. S. torreyi, p. 270 
cc. Involucral leaf pointed. 
d. Plant smaller, 3-12 dm. tall; involucral leaf 35-100 mm. 
S. americanus, p. 269 
dd. Plant larger, 6-21 dm. tall; involucral leaf 12-35 mm. 
S. olneyt, p. 269 
bbb. Culms, three angled, spikelets 10-20 mm. long, 6-10 mm. thick. 
S. paludosus, p. 271 
aaa. Spikelets numerous, in clusters or single on pedicels, forming an umbel. 
b. Spikelets large and thick, 15-40 mm. long. 
c. Spikelets pale brown. S. Auviatilis, p. 271 
cc. Scales of spikelets streaked with red (maritime). 
S. robustus, p. 270 
bb. Spikelets small, not over 6 mm. long. 
c. Culm terete, leaves reduced to sheaths on the culm. 
S. validus, p. 270 
cc. Culm triangular. 
d. Heads dense, star-shaped, spikelets blackish: green. 
S. atrovirens, p. 271 
dd. Umbel more opén, spikelets often solitary or only 2 or 3 ona 
peduncle. 
e. No hair-like bristles projecting from the scales. 
S. lineatus, p. 272 
ee. With projecting hair-like bristles, giving the spikelets a 
downy appearance. 
f. Spikelets blackish green, with a black band below the 


inflorescence. S. longi, p. 272 
ff. Spikelets rusty brown. 
g. Spikelets in clusters of 3-15. S. cyperinus, p. 272 
gg. Spikelets on individual peduncles. , 


S. eriophorum, p. 273 


Scirpus nanus Spreng. Dwarf Club-rush. 
Pl. XX, Fig. 3. 


Scirpus nanus Sprengel, Pug. I. 4. 1813 [Saxony].—Britton 264.—Keller 
and Brown 64. 
Eleocharis pygmea Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 313. 1836.—Willis 68. 
Salt marshes on the coast. In Britton’s list, as well as that of 
Keller and Brown, this species is said to be frequent, but I have 
not found it so, nor do there seem to be many specimens pre- 
‘served from the State. 
Fr.—Early July into September. 


Moritime.—Pt. Pleasant, St. Albans (L,), Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven 
Terrace (L), Beesley’s Pt. (H), Cold Spring. 


‘ 


268 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Scirpus planifolius Muhl. Few-flowered Club-rush. 
Pl. XX., Fig. 2. 
Scirpus planifolius Muhlenberg, Gram. 32. 1817 [Pennsylvania and Delaware]. 
—Britton 264.—Keller and Brown 64. 

In woods; frequent in the Northern and occasional southward 
in the Middle district. 

Fr.—Late May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Mullica Hill (C), Mickleton, Swedesboro, 


Scirpus subterminalis Torr. Water Club-rush. 
PL. XX, Fig. 6. 

Scirpus subterminalis Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 47. 1824 [Deerfield, Mass.].— 
Knieskern 34.—Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 317.—Willis 68—Britton 
264.—Keller and Brown 64. 

Common in Pine Barren streams, occurring locally also in the 
lower part of the Middle and Cape May districts. 

A characteristic species in the dark brown waters of the Pine 
Barrens, where it grows in great masses, its long leaves and 
stems swaying in the current and often associated with Eleocharis 
robbinsii. In ponds where the water has been drained off, it 
often grows upright with much shorter and stiffer stems, pre- 
senting quite a different appearance. 

Fr.—Early July to late August; fruit rather uncommon. 

Middle District—Repaupo (KB), Swedesboro, Fairton. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Ferrago (P), Bamber, Forked River, Ware- 
town, Pasadena, West Creek (S), Tuckerton, Speedwell, Chatsworth (S), 
Browns Mills (KB), Cedar Brook (KB), Berlin, Jackson, Parkdale, Ham- 
monton (NB), Quaker Bridge, west of Atlantic City, Pancoast. 

Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Nummeytown. 

Scirpus debilis Pursh. Weak-stalked Club-rush. 
PL XX., Fig. 4. 

Scirpus debilis Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 55. 1814 [Pennsylvania]—Barton, Fl. 
Phila. I. 36. 1818—Willis 68. 

Occasional in damp spots in the Northern and Middle districts. 
Rare within our limits. 

Fl.—Late August into October. 


Middle District—Delanco, Birmingham, Mickleton (H).* 
*The references to S. debilis by Harshberger, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1900, 


623-671, must surely apply to S. americanus, as I have never found SS. debilis 
growing as there described, nor do I know it from the coast. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 269 


Scirpus smithii Gray. Smith’s Club-rush. 

Scirpus Smithii A. Gray, Man. Ed. V. 563. 1867 [Lake Ontario to Illinois 
and Delaware Bay].—Willis 68—Britton Trans. N, Y. Acad. Sci. XI. 78. 
1892.—Britton 264.—Keller and_ Brown 65. 

Damp open ground; along the Delaware river and very rare 
on the coast. Named in honor of Charles E. Smith (1820- 
1900), of Philadelphia, who brought it to Dr. Gray’s attention. 
Mr. Smith was the leading authority on the plants of Philadel- 
phia and vicinity. 1850-1870.* 

Fr.—Late July into October. 


Middle District—Barrack Creek, Burlington, Delair, Fish House, Mouth 
of Cooper’s Creek, 
Coast Strip.—Sea Isle City (CDL). 


Scirpus smithii setosus Fernald. Bristly Club-rush. 
Scirpus smithii setosus Fernald Rhodora, Oct. 1901, p. 252 [Illinois].—Long, 
Rhodora, 1910, p. 155. 
Rare; apparently confined to the Middle district. 
Fr.—August 1, achenes mature and a few scales dropping. 
Middle District —Clementon. 


Scirpus americanus Pers. Chair-maker’s Rush. Three-square. 
Pl. XX, Fig. 7. 
Scirpus Americanus Persoon, Syn. I. 68. 1805 [South Carolina].—Barton, 


Fl. Phila. I. 34. 1818. 
Scirpus pungens Knieskern 34.—Willis 68—Britton 264. 


Swamps and along the larger streams throughout the State, 
but most abundant along the coast marshes. 
Fr.—tLate June to early September. 


Middle District—Riverton, Camden, Medford (S$), Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens—Quaker Bridge (S), Long Causeway (S), High Bridge (S), 
Landisville (T), Estelville, Mays Landing (NY). 

Maritime—Sandy Hook (NB), Ortley (NY), Seabright, Forked River, 
Surf City (L), Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Stone Harbor, Piermont (S), 
Anglesea, Clermont (T), Cold Spring, Cape May (S), Dennisville, Sluice 
Creek (S). 

Scirpus olneyi Gray. Olney’s Bull-rush. 


Pl. XX., Fig. 8 


Scirpus Olneyi Gray, Bost. Jour Nat. Hist. V. 238. 1845 [Salt Marshes, 
near Providence, R. I., and New Jersey]—Knieskern 34. Willis 68— 
Britton 264.—Keller and Brown 65. 


* Cf, National Magazine, 1893. 567. 


270 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent with the preceding along the coast and on the Bay 
shore of the Cape May peninsula in shallow water bordering the 
salt marshes or tidewater creeks, northward to the Hackensack 
meadows. 

Fr—Late July to early September. 

Maritime—Squan (C), Toms River (C), Forked River, Manahawkin, 


Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Brant Beach (L), Capt May Ct. House 
(S), Cold Spring, Cape May Pt. (S), Dennis, Sluice Creek (S), Beaver Dam. 


Scirpus torreyi Olney. Torrey’s Bull-rush. 
Pl. XX, Fig. s. 


Scirpus Torreyi Olney, Proc. Providence Frank. Soc. I. 32. 1847 [near 
Providence, also West Point—Torrey].—Stone Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 1908, p. 458. 

Found for the first time in the State on August 10, 1907, by 
the writer. It was growing along the edge of a shallow pond 
above Delanco near the Delaware River. 

Fr.—Mid-July to mid-September. 


Middle District—Delanco. 


Scirpus validus Vahl. Bull-rush. 


Pl. XX, Bigs i 


Scirpus validus Vahl, Enum. II. 268. 1806 [Carabees and Jamaica]. 
Scirpus lacustris Barton I. 33. 1818.—Knieskern 34.—Britton 264.—Keller 
and Brown 6s. 


Frequent in open swamps or in shallow water, except in the 
Pine Barren district. 

Fr.—Late June to early August. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Camden, Mickleton, Mullica Hill (NB), 
Lindenwold (S), Beaver Dam, Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Bayhead, Toms River, Forked River, Estelville, 


Piermont, Anglesea, Cold Spring. 
Cape May.—Court House, Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. (S). 


Scirpus robustus Pursh. Salt Marsh Bull-rush. 
Pl. XXL, Fig. 7. 
Scirpus robustus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 56. 1814 [Salt marshes and banks of 
rivers—probably N. J.]. 
Scirpus maritimus Knieskern 34—Willis 68—Keller and Brown 65. 
Scirpus maritimus var. macrostachyos Britton 264. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 29% 


Common all along the coast and up the bay shore, in salt 
marshes, 

Fr.—Mid-July to early September. 

Maritime—Swimming River (NB), Deal, Spring Lake (NB), Asbury 
Park (S), Barnegat Pier, Seaside Park, Forked River, Beach Haven Terrace 
(L), Absecon, Atlantic City (S), Ocean City, Stone Harbor, Anglesea, Wild- 


wood, Holly Beach, Cold Spring, Cape May, Cape May Pt. Green Creek, 
Dias Creek (S), Sluice Creek (S), So. Dennis. 


Scirpus robustus paludosus (A. Nelson.). Pale Marsh Bull-rush. 
Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club. XXVI. 5. 1899 [Granger, 
Wyo.]. : 

With the preceding, but not common. 

I am not satisfied that this is identical with Nelson’s species, 
but until more material is available its stattis cannot be positively 
determined. 

Maritime.—Deal, Seaside Park, Cold Spring (S). 


Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.). River Bull-rush. 


Pl. XXI. Fig. 8. 
Scirpus maritimus var. fluviatilis Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. IIT. 324. 1836 
[Western N. Y. and the Missouri above St. Louis]. 
Scirpus fluviatilis Britton 265.—Keller and Brown 65. 
Scirpus macrostachyos Barton, Fl. Phila: I. 35. 1818. 
Lower part of the Middle district along the Delaware River. 
Fr.—Early July to early September; flowering culms appar- 
ently quite rare, or frequently only at certain stations. 


Middle District—Pensauken, Cooper’s Creek, Mickleton=Old Mans 
Creek, Swedesboro. 


Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. Dark-green Bull-rush. 
Pl. XX, Fig. 9. 
Scirpus atrovirens “Muhlenberg,” Willdenow Enum. Hort. Berol. 79. 1809 
{North America].—?Barton Fl. Phila. I. 35. 1818—Torrey Ann. Lyc. 
N. Y. III. 326. 1836.—Britton 265.—Keller and Brown 65. 

Common in wet meadows in the Northern, and southward in 
the Middle district. Rare and probably introduced in the Pine 
Barrens. Specimens from Yorktown and Winslow seem to 
represent the form S. georgianus of R. M. Harper. 

Fr.—Late June to early August. 


272 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Middle District—Freehold (NB), Browns Mills (KB), Wolferts Sta. (H). 


Swedesboro. 

Cape May—Cape May (OHB), Cape May Pt. (OHB). 

Scirpus lineatus Michx. Reddish Bull-rush. 
Pl. XX., Fig. 10. 
Scirpus lineatus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Amer. I. 32. 1803 [Carolina] —Pursh, 
Fl. Am Sept. I. 56. 1814—Long, Bartonia II. 19. 1910. 

Open wet ground; rare; Northern, ‘Middle and Pine Barren 
districts. 

Fr.—Achenes mature and immediately drop with their scales 
in regular sequence from mid-June to mid-July. 


Middle District—New Egypt. 
Pine Barrens.—Winslow Jnc. 


Scirpus longii Fernald. Long’s Wool-grass. 
Pl. XX., Fig. 11. 
Scirpus Longit Fernald, Rhodora Jan., 1911. 6 [Andrew’s, Camden Co., N. J.]. 


Discovered by the writer in a Pine Barren swamp about two 
miles north of Speedwell July 9, 1909. Local and restricted to 
the Pine Barrens, usually growing in water and blooming much 
earlier than the closely allied S. atrocinctus in the Pennsylvania 
Alleghanies. Named for Mr. Bayard Long, who has made a 
critical study of the Philadelphia flora for several years past and 
has rendered valuable assistance in the preparation of the present 
volume. 

Fr.—Achenes mature and soon drop with their scales in regu- 
lar sequence from mid-June to mid-July. 


Pine Barrens—Two miles north of Speedwell, Andrews, Sicklerville, 
Winslow Jne. 


Scirpus cyperinus (L.). Wool-grass. 
Pl. XX., Fig. 13. 


Eriophorum cyperinum Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. II. 77. 1762 [North America]. 
—Britton 265. 


Scirpus Eriophorum Willis 68. 

Frequent in swamps throughout the State, but less abundant 
than the following within our limits, especially in the Pine Bar- 
rens and Coast district. 

Fr.—Mid-July into October. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 273 


Middle District—Dlelanco, Mt. Holly, Clementon. 


Coast Strip —Barnegat City (L), Surf City (LL), Beach Haven Terrace (L), 
Manahawkin. 


Pine Barrens—Folsom, Kenilworth (S). 


Scirpus eriophorum Michx. Pedicelled Wool-grass. 
Pl. XX., Fig. 12. 


Scirpus Eriophorum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 33. 1803 [Virginia to 
Georgia].—Knieskern 34.—. 

Scirpus Eriophorum var. laxus Willis 68.—Britton 265. 

Swamps throughout the State, especially abundant in the Pine 
Barrens and along the Coastal strip. 

Fr—Mid-August into October; maturing distinctly later than 
the preceding. 

Middle District—Washington Park (S), Lindenwold (S), Millville. 

Pine Barrens.—Penbryn (S), Malaga (S), Hammonton (S), Bamber Fol- 
som. 


Coast Strip.—Surf City (L), Anglesea, Atlantic City (S), Absecon (S), 
Ocean City (S), Forked River, Cox’s. 


ERIOPHORUM L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves very slender, 1-1.5 mm. broad, triangular-channelled, a single in- 
volucral bract, pappus pure white. ; 
b. Upper cauline leaf with blade very short, less than sheath. 
E. gracile, p. 274 

bb. Upper cauline leaf with blade longer than sheath. E. tenellum, p. 273 

aa. Leaves flat, involucral bracts, two or more, pappus more or less rusty. 
E. virginicum, p. 274 
Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. Few-nerved Cotton-grass. 
Pl. XIX., Fig. 5. 
Eriophorum tenellum Nuttall, Gen. Additions (p. 1), 1818 [New Jersey]. 
Eriophorum angustifolium Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 37. 1818. 
Eriophorum polystachyon Knieskern 34.—Willis 68.—Britton 265. 
Eriophorum gracile Keller and Brown 66. 

In bogs of the Pine Barren district, also very rare or local in 
similar situations in west Jersey and the Cape May peninsula. 
As all the specimens so far obtained in our region are E. tenellum 
(except one colony of E. gracile), I am inclined to think that 
Dr: Knieskern’s were the same and not £. polystachyon, as he 
stated. Willis and Britton simply copied his record. 

Fr.—Early June to late June. 

18 MUS 


274. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Swedesboro. ; 
Pine Barrens—Jackson, Speedwell (S), Tuckerton (KB), Estelville. 


Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Eriophorum gracile Koch. Slender Cotton-grass. 
Eriophorum gracile Koch, Roth. Cabal. Bot. 2. 259. 1800 [Kaiserlantern 
Palatinatu]. 

Very rare within our limits, but probably more common north- 
ward. Mr. Benjamin Heritage discovered this species June 10, 
1892, in the bog at Repaupo, where so many other northern 
plants occur. 

Fr.—E arly May to late May. 


Middle District—Seven miles west of Mickleton [Repaupo]. 


Eriophorum virginicum L. Virginia Cotton-grass. 
Pl. XIX., Fig. 1. 
Eriophorum virginicum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 52. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 34. 
—Willis 68—Britton 265. 

Common in bogs throughout the State, especially abundant in 
the Pine Barrens, where its tufts of white “cotton” on their long 
slender stems are a conspicuous feature in the autumn. 

Fr.—Mid-August to late September. 

Middle District—Haddonfield, Lindenwold, Clementon, Mickleton, Swedes- 
boro. 

Pine Barrens.—Brindletown, Hanover, Forked River, West Creek (S), 
Absecon, Bear Swamp, Albion, Cedar Brook, Williamstown Jnc., Landisville, 
Pleasant Mills (S), Forks of Batsto, Eighth St. (T), Egg Harbor, Many- 
muskin (S). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


FUIRENA Rottboell. 
Key to the Species. 
a, Leaves and upper sheaths glabrous. F. squarrosa, p. 274 
aa. Leaves and sheaths hirsute. F. hispida, p. 275 
Fuirena squarrosa Michx. Smooth Fuirena. 


Fuirena squarrosa Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 37. 1803 [Georgia and Carolina]. 
—Pursh, Fl. Am. I. 58. 1814.—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 37. 1818—Britton 
266.—Keller and Brown 66. 

Fuirena squarrosa var. pumila Knieskern 34.—Willis 67. 


Salt marshes on the coast, apparently less common than the 
next. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 275 


Fr.—Late August to early October. 


Maritime —Spring Lake (NY), Spray Beach (1), N. Beach Haven (L), 
Absecon, Ocean City, Palermo (S), Mays Landing (NY), Anglesea, Cape 
May, Cape May Pt. 


Fuirena hispida Ell. Bristly Fuirena. 
Pl. XIX., Fig. 4. 


Fuirena hispida Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 579. 1821 [Milledgeville, Ga.]. 
Fuirena squarrosa Knieskern 34.—Muhlenberg, Gram. 50. 1817.—Willis 67. 
Fuirena squarrosa var. hispida Britton 266—Keller and Brown 66. 


Frequent along the edge of the salt marshes. 
Fr,—Early August to early October. 


Maritime.—Bay Head (S), Forked River (S), Ocean View, Cold Spring, 
Cape May (NB), Dias Creek. 


RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Spikelets spindled-shaped, 25 mm. long, in an open compound. umbel 
plant, 9-21 dm. tall. 
b. Spikelets sessile on a few short rays. R. macrostachya, p. 276 
bb. Spikelets scattered, rays long and flexuous. RR. m. inundata, p. 276 
aa. Spikelets 1-4; 6-8 mm. long, terminal, plant 1.5-4 dm. tall. 
R. oligantha, p. 277 
aaa. Spikelets numerous in dense axillary or terminal clusters. 
b. Clusters corymbose. 
c. Spikelets white or whitish. 


d. No bristles at base of achene. R. pallida, p. 278 
dd. Bristles present. R, alba, p. 277 

cc. Spikelets chestnut or brown. 
d. Spikelets 2 mm. long. R. knieskernit, p. 278 


dd. Spikelets 4-5 mm. long. 
. e. Spikelets 5 mm. long, plants seldom over 3 dm. in height. 
R. fusca, p. 280 
ee. Spikelets 3-4 mm. long, plants 3-9 dm. high. 
f. Bristles of achene upwardly barbed. 

g. Leaves filiform, involute. R. filifolia, p. 279 

gg. Leaves flat grass-like. 
h. Plant very slender, spikelets usually few in an 


umbel. R. gracilenta, p. 277 
hh. Plant more robust with larger, numerously- 
flowered umbels. R. smallii, p. 279 


ff. Bristles of achene downwardly barbed. 
Plant slender, leaves slender. 
R. glomerata leptocarpa, p.-279 


276 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


hh. Plant more robust, leaves wider. 
R. glomeraia, p. 279 
bb. Clusters in dense globular heads, spikelets brown. 
c. Clusters 15-25 mm. in diameter. R. axillaris, p. 280 
cc. Clusters 7-15 mm. in diameter. R. a. microcephala, p. 280 
aaaa, Spikelets pedicelled or clusters pedicelled in a more or less open panicle. 
b. Leaves filiform, spikelets on filiform pedicels. R. rariflora, p. 281 
bb. Leaves involute, spikes sessile. R. torreyana, p. 281 
bbb. Leaves flat, spikelets sessile. R. cymosa, p. 281 


Rynchospora macrostachya Torr. Horned Rush. 
Pl. XVIII, Fig. 1. 


Rynchospora macrostachya Torrey, Gray Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 206. 1835. 
[Amherst and New Bedford, Mass.]. Willis 69. 

Ceratoschoenus macrostachya Knieskern 34.-Gray Man. Ed. I. 532. 1848. 

Rynchospora laxa var. macrostachya Britton 268. 

Rynchospora corniculata macrostachya Keller and Brown 67. 

Rynchospora corniculata Keller and Brown 67. 


Locally common in swampy ground along the lower Delaware 
River; more plentiful in the Cape May peninsula and casual in 
the Pine Barrens, usually near the coast. 

C. corniculata, reported by Keller and Brown from Center 
Square, proves to be this species. 

This is a giant among our other Rynchosporas, and with its 
large clusters of long spikelets recalls some of the larger species 
of Cyperus, although it is taller even than they are. 

Fr.—Mid-August to late September. 

sis District—Center Square, Berlin, Pennsgrove (C), Franklinville 
oe Barrens.—Manchester (C), Forked River (S), Mays Landing (T), 


Eighth St. 
Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring, Green Creek, Cape May. 


a 


Rynchospora macrostachya inundata (Oakes.). Slender Horned Rush. 


Ceratoschoenus macrostachyus inundata Oakes, Harvey’s Magazine VII. 1841. 
185 [West Pond, Plymouth, Mass.]. 
Less common, but range probably the same as the last. 
Fr.—Mid-August to late September. 


Middle District—Swedesboro, Repaupo. 
Pine Barrens—Pasadena, Manchester (P). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 277 


Rynchospora gracilenta Gray. Slender Beaked-rush. 
Rynchospora gracilenta Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 216. 1835 [Pine Barrens 
of N. J.]—Knieskern 34.—Willis 69—Britton Tran. N. Y. Acad. Sci. XI. 
go. 1892.—Britton 267,—Keller and Brown 68. 
Frequent in swamps or bogs in the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May districts, here reaching the northern limit of its range. 

Fr.—Mid-July to early September. 

Pine Barrens—tLakehurst, Toms River, Forked River, Bamber Absecon, 
Quaker Bridge, Speedwell (S), Atsion, Parkdale (S), Landisville, Eighth St., 
Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Dividing Creek. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Whitesboro (S), Cold Spring (S), Green Creek (S).* 

Rynchospora oligantha Gray. Few-flowered Beaked-rush. 
Pl. XVIIL, Fig. 9. 
Rynchospora oligantha Gray, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. III. 212. 1835 [Fayetteville 
and Wilmington, N. C.].—Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1908, p. 458. 
Known only from bogs along the Wading River above Speed- 
well in the heart of the Pine Barrens, where it was first found 
by Mr. S. S. Van Pelt June 29, 1906. Not previously known 
north of Delaware. In July, 1909, Mr. Van Pelt and the writer 
found a patch of this sedge probably half an acre in extent. 
Fr.—Late June to mid-August. 


Pine Barrens.—Between Speedwell and Chatsworth. 


Rynchospora alba (L.). White Beaked-rush. 
Pl. XVIIL, Fig. 10 (lower). 
Schoenus albus Linneus Sp. Pl. 44. 1753 [N. Europe]. 


Rhyncospora alba Barton Fl. Phila. I. 25. 1818.—Knieskern 35.— Willis 69.— 
Britton 267. 


Common in bogs of the Pine Barren and Cape May districts, 
and casually in the Middle district. 
Fr.—Early August to mid-September. 


Middle Disirict—Tomlin, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Allaire, Lakehurst, Island Hts. Jnc., Forked River, Ware- 
town, West Creek (S), Speedwell (S), Forks of Batsto, Parkdale, Berlin, 
Pen Bryn (S$), Landisville (T), Egg Harbor City (S$), Palermo, eight m. W. 
Atlantic City. 

Coast Strip—Sherburn’s (L). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


*The record for Mickleton (KB), Heritage, proves to be a depauperate 
R. glomerata. 


278 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Rynchospora pallida M. A. Curtis. Pale Beaked-rush. 
Pl. XVIII., Fig. 10 (upper). 


Rhynchospora pallida M. A. Curtis, Am. Jour. Sci (IL) 7. 409. 1849 [Wil- 
mington, N. C.].—Willis 69.—Gray Man. Ed. V. 568. 1867.—Britton 
Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. XI. 87. 1892.—Britton 267—Keller and Brown 
67. 

Comimon in bogs of the Pine Barren, Cape May and locally 
in the lower Middle districts. It does not range north of the 
New Jersey Pines. 

Fr.—Mid-July to early September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Bordentown, Merchantville, Woodbury, Lin- 
denwold, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Lakehurst, Manchester, Forked River, Toms River, Browns 
Mills (P), Chatsworth, Bear Swamp, Clementon, Atsion, Parkdale, Quaker 
Bridge, Landisville, Buena Vista (T'), Batsto (P), Hammonton (S$), Egg 
Harbor City. 

Cape May—Court House. 


Rynchospora knieskernii Carey. Knieskern’s Beaked-rush. 


Pl. XVIIL, Fig. 2. 


Rhynchospora Knieskernii Carey, Am. Jour. Sci. (II.) 4. 25. 1847 [Pines 
of New Jersey]—Knieskern 35.—Willis 69— Britton Trans. N. Y. Acad. 
Sci. XI. 88. 1892—Britton 267.—Keller and Brown 67. 

Confined to the Pine Barren region, where it is said to always 
occur on deposits of bog iron; rare. 

Remarkably fine specimens were obtained by Mr. C. A. Gross, 
which measured 6 dm. in height. : 

The species was first discovered by Dr. Knieskern, after whom 
it was named, at Point Hollow, two miles from Manchester (now 
Lakehurst), on the road to Cassville, where the doctor resided. 
Knieskern was one of the pioneer botanists of the Pine Barrens, 
and his name appears frequently in Gray’s Manual—His Cata- 
logue of Plants of Monmouth and Ocean Cos. 1856, was the first 
publication dealing directly with the flora of the Pines. 

Fr.—Late July to late September. 

Pine Barrens.—Hope Village on Shark River (P), Cassville, Bamber, Whit- 
ings, West Creek (S), Pleasant Mills, Atsion, Egg Harbor City, Quaker 
Bridge (C). ; 

Original specimens at the New York Botanical Garden are labelled by 


Knieskern “R. Grayana Kn. (NSp),” a name that was apparently never pub- 
lished. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 279 


Rynchospora glomerata (L.). Clustered Beaked-rush. 


Pl. XVIIL., Fig. 7. 
Schoenus glomeratus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 44. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Rhynchospora glomerata Knieskern 35.—Willis 69.—Britton 267.—Keller and 
Brown 67. 


Open wet ground, bogs, etc.; frequent throughout the State, 
and abundant in the Pine Barrens. The most common species of 
the genus. 


Fr.—tlate July to late September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Lindenwold, Tomlin, Swedesboro, Salem 
(S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Lakehurst, Waretown, Atsion, Weymouth (T), Clementon, 
Landisville, Woodbine. 

Coass Strip.—Pt. Pleasant, Seaside Park, Barnegat City (L), St. Albans 
(L), Sherburn’s (L,), N. Beach Haven (LL), West Creek (S), Ocean City 


(S). 
Cape May.—Cape May (S). 
Rynchospora glomerata leptocarpa Chapm. 


Rynchospora glomerata leptocarpa Chapman, Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 
Sci. II. 88. 1892 [So. Carolina]. 


‘Apparently rather frequent in the heart of the Pine Barrens. 
This is a more slender form with narrower leaves, perhaps identi- 
cal with minor of Britton. The variety discutiens* of Clarke is 
reported from New Jersey, but I have not found it. 

Fry —Early August to mid-September. 

Pine Barrens.Jones Mill (S), Batsto, four mi. E. Hammonton (S), 
Manumuskin, Franklinville (P). 


Rynchospora smallii Britton. Small’s Beaked-rush. 


Rynchospora Smallu Britton in Small’s Southern Flora, p. 1321 [Henderson- 
ville to Solola Mt.]—Long, Bartonia II. 19. 1910. 


Occasional and perhaps more abundant than it at present ap- 
pears to be. Its close resemblance to R. glomerata makes it 
difficult to recognize. 

Fr.—Late July to mid-September. 

Middle District—Delanco. 

Pine Barrens.—Parkdale. 

Rynchospora filifolia Torrey. Thread-leaved Beaked-rush. 


Rynchospora filifolia Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. IIT. 1836. 366 [N. Carolina. 
and Florida]. 


* Britton’s Manual, p. 185. 


280 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Apparently very rare, and known only from swamps along 
the railroad northwest of Woodbine, Cape May County, where 
it was collected by Mr. Stewardson Brown August 30, 1900, and 
from Bennett, Cape May County, B. Long, August Ir, IQrt. 

Not previously known from New Jersey. 

Fr.—August 30 achenes mature; some scales gone. 


Pine Barrens.—Woodbine. 
Cape May.—Bennett. 


Rynchospora axillaris (Lam:). Capitate Beaked-rush. 


Pl. XVIIL., Fig. 8. 


Schoenus axillaris Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl. I. 137. 1791. 
Rynchospora cephalantha Knieskern 35.—Willis 69-—Gray Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 
TII. 218. 1835. 
Rynchospora axillaris Britton 267—Keller and Brown 67. 
Bogs in the Pine Barrens; rare. First found in the State by 
Dr. Torrey. 
Fr.—tLate July to mid-September. 
Pine Barrens.—Manchester (C), Bamber, Chatsworth, Jones Mill (S), 


Speedwell, Quaker Bridge, Atsion (P), Parkdale, Hammonton, Batsto (P), 
Egg Harbor City (P). 


Rynchospora avillaris microcephala Britton. Small-headed Beaked-rush. 
Rynchospora axillaris var. microcephala Britton Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. XI. 
89. 1892 [Monmouth Co., N. J.]. 

Pine Barren bogs; rre. Dr. Britton described this form from 
one of Dr. Knieskern’s specimens, the latter apparently not dis- 
tinguishing it from the last. 

Fr.—tLate July to mid-September. 


Pine Barrens.—Speedwell, Parkdale. 


Rynchospora fusca (L.). Brown Beaked-rush. 
Pl. XVIIL., Fig. 6. 


Schoenus fuscus Linneus Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 1664. 1763 [Switzerland, England 
and Italy]. 

Rhynchospora fusca Knieskern 34.—Willis 69—Gray Ann. Lyc. N. Y. IIL 
215. 1835.—Britton 267.—Keller and Brown 68. 


Bogs of the Pine Barren and Cape May districts frequent. 
‘Fr.—Late June to early September. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 281 


Middle District—New Egypt. 

Pine Barrens—Lakehurst, Manchester (C), Forked River, Toms River, 
Bamber, Mayetta, Manumuskin, Chatsworth, Speedwell (S), Quaker Bridge 
(C), Absecon, Cedar Lake, Spring Garden (P), Eighth St., Vineland, Landis- 
ville (T), Pancoast, Egg Harbor City, Belleplain (S). 

Cape May.—Bennett.* 


Rynchospora cymosa Ell. Grass-like Beaked-rush. 
Pl. XVIIL, Fig. 3. 

Rynchospora cymosa Elliott, Bot. Sc. and Ga. I. 58. 1816 [South Carolina]. 
—Knieskern 34—Gray Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 196. 1835.—Willis 69— 
Britton 266.—Keller and Brown 68. 

Bogs of the Northern, Middle, and Cape May districts, and 
also on the Coast Strip; not very common. 
Fr.—Early July to mid-August. 


Middle District—Griffth’s Swp. (P) Lindenwold, Mickleton (H). 
Coast Strip—Squan (C), Manahawkin. 
Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring. 


Rynchospora torreyana Gray. Torrey’s Beaked-rush. 


PI. XVIIL, Fig. s. 


Rhynchospora Torreyana Gray Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 197. 1835 [Monmouth 
Co. and Quaker Bridge, N. J.].—Knieskern 34.—Willis 69.—Britton 266. 
—Keller and Brown 68. 


Bogs of the Pine Barren and Cape May districts rather fre- 
quent. This takes the place of R. cymosa in the Pines, but at 
Cold Spring, Cape May County, I have found the two growing 
in close proximity. 

Fr.—Mid-July to early September. 

Middle District—New Egypt. 

Pine Barrens —Quaker Bridge (C), Pleasant Mills (C), Batsto, White 
Horse (S), Parkdale, Atsion, Main Road. Sta., Egg Harbor City. 


Cape May.—Anglesea Jnc., Rio Grande, Bennett, Cold Spring, Nummey- 
town (S). 


Rynchospora rariflora Michx. Rare-flowering Beaked-rush. 


Pl. XVIIL., Fig. 4. 


Schoenus rariflora Mich, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 35. 1803 [Georgia].—Stone, 
Torreya. 1908. 16. 


* The record for Mickleton (C) has not been verified. 


282 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Discovered by the writer in a bog near Bennett, Cape Mey 
County, August 4, 1907. Previously not known from north of 
North Carolina. 

Fr.—Probably July. Later specimens show few intact pani- 
cles. 

Cape May.—Bennett. 

CLADIUM P. Browne. 
Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.). Twig Rush. 
Pl. XIX., Fig. 2. 


Schoenus mariscoides Muhlenberg, Gram. 4. 1817 [Pennsylvania]. 
Cladium mariscoides Knieskern 35—Torrey, Am. Lyc. N.-Y. III. 372. 1836. 
—Willis 69.—Britton 268.—Keller and Brown 68. 


Common in wet bogs or marshes in the Northern, Pine Barren, 
Coast and Cape May districts. 

Fr.—Mid-July into October. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Forkéd River (NB), Bamber, Speedwell, 
Chatsworth, Berlin, White Horse (S), Cedar Brook, Main Road Sta. (T), 
Eighth St. (T), Parkdale, Batsto, Quaker Bridge (NB), Egg Harbor City, 
Estelville, Dennisville (P). 

Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant, Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), 


opposite Ocean City, Ocean View. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Bennett (S), Cape May (S). 


SCLERIA Berg. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Spikelets in a terminal, or a terminal and 1-3 smaller lateral stalked 


clusters. . 
b. Achene smooth and shining. 
c. 2mm. high. Plant 4.5-9 dm. tall. S. triglomerata, p. 282 


cc. Imm. high. Plant more delicate, 3-6 dm. tall. S. minor, p. 283 
bb. Achene irregularly reticulate. 
c. Lobes of hypogynium emarginate or cleft, somewhat obtuse, 


achene I-1.5 mm. S. reticularis, p. 283 

cc. Lobes acute or acuminate, achene 2-2.5 mm., plant taller and more 

lax. S. r. torreyana, p. 283 

bbb. Achene papillose. S. pauciflora, p. 284 


aa. Spikelets in several, separate, sessile, somewhat whorled clusters. 
S. verticillata, p. 284 
Scleria triglomerata Michx. Nut-rush. 


Pl. XIX., Fig. 6. 


Scleria triglomerata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 168. 1803 [Carolina]. — 
Knieskern 35.—Willis 69.—Britton 268.—Keller and Brown 68. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 283 


Comimion in bogs and wet places in the Pine Barren, and locally 
in the Northern and Middle districts. 

Fr.—Early July to early September. 

Middle District.—Griffith’s Swamp, Lindenwold (S$), Gloucester, Tomlin, 
Yorktown, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Browns Mills, West Creek (S), Tuckerton, Chatsworth, 
Speedwell (S), Jones Mill (S), White Horse (S), Bear Swamp (S), Clemen- 
ton, Waterford, Penbryn (S), Sicklerville (S), Winslow, Landisville, Park- 
dale (S), Egg Harbor City, Quaker Bridge (NY). 

Coast Strip—Atlantic City (possibly from the mainland, opposite). 


Scleria minor (Britt.). Slender Nut-rush. 


Scleria triglomerata minor Britton Ill. Flora I. 282. [So. N. J.] (new name 
for S. f. gracilis Br.). 

Scleria triglomerata var. gracilis Britton Ann. N. Y. Acad. III. 230. 1883 
[Leeds Pt., Haddonfield, Quaker Br.].—Britton 268, 

Apparently restricted to the swamps of the Pine Barrens and 
locally in the Cape May district and in Long Island. 

Fr.—tLate June to late August. 

Middle District—Griffith’s Swamp (NB), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Forked River, Bamber, Pasadena, Manahawkin, Chatsworth, 
Speedwell (S), Quaker Bridge (Britton), Buena Vista (T), Main Road Sta. 
(T), Landisville, Hammonton, Leeds Pt. (Britton). 

Cape May.—Bennett, Whitesboro (S). 


Scleria reticularis Michx. Reticulated Nut-rush. 
Scleria reticularis Michaux FI. Bor. Am. II. 167. 1803 [Carolina].—Pursh, 
Fl. Am. Sept. I. 45. 1814.—Gray Man. Ed. I. 534. 1848. 

Only known from the Cape May district; apparently quite 
rare. Most of the records of this species in our region refer to 
the next. 

Fr.—Early August to mid-September. 


Cape May.—Bennett. 


Scleria reticularis torreyana (Walp.). Torrey’s Nut-rush. 
Pl. XIX., Fig. 7. 


Scleria Torreyana Walp, Ann. III. 696. 1852-3 [New Jersey, Long Island] 
(new name for S. laxa Torr., Gray Man. 534).—Britton 268.—Keller and 
Brown 69. 

Scleria laxa ‘Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 443. 1836—Knieskern 35.—Willis 
69. 

Scleria reticularis pubescens Keller and Brown 69. 


284 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Scleria reticularis Gross, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XI. 32. 1884.—Britton 268.— 
Keller and Brown 68. 

Pine Barren and Cape May districts locally common. The 
width of the leaves and pubescence of the achenes are characters 
which are very variable. The several varieties of Dr. Britton I 
‘cannot distinguish, as they seem to be merely individual varia- 
tions, without satisfactory correlation of characters. 

Fl.—Early August into September. 

Pine Barrens——Manchester (C), Toms River (P), Forked River (S), 


‘Coxe’s, Speedwell, Chatsworth, Quaker Bridge, Batsto (P), Palermo (S). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Scleria pauciflora Muhl. Papillose Nut-rush. 


Scleria pauciflora “Muhl.” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 318. 1805 [probably Penn- 
sylvania. Willd. cites Carolina, but this is taken from Michaux whose 
S. oligantha is erroneously cited as a synonym].—Knieskern 35,— Wills 60. 
—Britton 268. 

Diry ground, Middle district not common; also rare and local 
in the Pine Barrens, where it has, perhaps, been introduced, and 
at stations in Warren County. 

Fr.—Early July to early September. 

Middle District—Allaire (S), Shark River, Clementon, Mickleton (H), 
Fairview (H), Hammonton. 

Pine Barrens.—Da Costa, Buena Vista (T), (near Landisville, which is the 


locality quoted by Britton), Whitings (H). 
Cape May.—Bennett. ‘ 


Scleria verticillata Muhl. Whorled Nut-rush. 


Pl. XIX., Fig. 3. 


Scleria verticillata “Muhl.,” Willdenow Sp. Pl. IV. 317. 1805 [Virginia and 
Carolina]. 


Common along the edge of the salt marshes of the coast of 
‘Cape May County (probably further north also). It was first 
collected here by Mr. C. S. Williamson, at Cold Spring. Dr. 
Britton’s list has it only from the Hackensack marshes, 

Fr.—Early August to mid-September (possibly). 


Coast Strip—Palermo, opp. Ocean City, opp. Anglesea, Cold Spring, W. 
‘Cape May (OHB). 


£ 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 285, 


CAREX L. 


The genus Carex is represented by but few species in the Pine 
Barrens, but in other parts of our region a number of species 
occur. Some of northern affinities barely enter our limits, while 
others are widespread. 

Flowering and Fruiting Data.—Time of year noted indicates 
the season during which characteristic, fully developed perigynia, 
generally with mature achenes, are present, and intact spikes 
occur—satisfactory study of the genus can only be undertaken 
at this season. 


Key to the Species. 


a, Staminate and pistillate spikes clearly distinct, although they may be closely 
contiguous. 
b. Staminate spike long-stalked, so that it stands entirely clear of the 
adjacent pistillat spike even when the latter is appressed to the stalk. 
c. Staminate spike single. 
d. Pistillate spikes large, at least 12 mm. in diameter. 
e. Sessile and nearly globular, several close together, green. 
C. intumescems, p. 291 
ee. Peduncled, cylindrical, 25 mm. or more long, lowest spike 
often drooping on a very slender peduncle. 
C. hystericina, p. 293. 
dd. Pistillate spikes medium, 8 mm. in diameter, plant glaucous. 
C. livida, p. 303. 
ddd. Pistillate spikes, small, less than 6 mm. in diameter. 
e. Tall, upright flower stalks nearly or quite equaling the leaves 
or exceeding them. 

f. Leaves broad, many of them, 6 mm. broad or more, glau- 
cous, lower pistillate spikes on long flexuous peduncles six 
times their length. 

C. laxiculmis, p. 302 
ff. Leaves narrow, 4 mm. broad or less. ‘ 
g. Beak of perigynia elongated and twisted to one side, 
lower pistillate spikes on long flexuous peduncles. 
C. styloflexa, p. 302° 
gg. Beak not produced or twisted, very short. 
h. Staminate spike with peduncle, 75-100 long. 
C. tetanica, p. 301 
hh. Staminate spike with peduncle, 25-50 mm. long or 
less. 
i. Pistillate spikes, 3 mm. in diameter, lowest on 
filiform peduncles, achenes sharply 3-angeled. 
C. digitalis, p. 302 
ii. Pistillate spikes, 5 mm. in diameter, none slender 
peduncles, achenes not sharply 3-angeled. 
C. conoidea, p. 30r 


286 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ee. Low tufted, pistillate spikes nearly sessile, staminate ele- 
vated 25-50 mm., both far exceeded and concealed by the 
old dry leaves, which persist in large numbers. 


f. Perigynia puberulent. C. umbellata, p. 304 
ff. Perigynia glabrous, or puberulent only on the angles 
of the beak. C. u. tonsa, p. 304 


cc. Staminate spikes, several. 
d. Perigynia beak notched or toothed at tip. 
e. Perigynia pubescent. 
f. Teeth at tip of perigynia, less than 1 mm. long. 
C. lanuginosa, p. 296 
ff. Teeth at tip of perigynia more than 1 mm. long. 
C. trichocarpa, p. 204 
ee. Perigynia glabrous. 
f. Pistillate spikes, 17 mm. thick, about twice as long as 
thick, usually single, staminate spikes usually 2. 
C. bullata, p. 292 
ff. Pistillate spikes, 10-12 mm. thick, about three times as 
long as thick. 
g. Perigynia yellow straw color, much inflated at the 
base, abruptly contracted into a slender beak. 
h. Spongy at the base of the stem. 
C. utriculata, p. 292 
hh. Base of stem not spongy. C. montle, p. 292 
gg. Perigynia brownish, tapering gradually. 
h. Staminate spikes 3-4, pistillate spikes 25-100 
mm. long. C. lacustris, p. 204 
hh. Staminate spikes 2, pistillate spikes 10-50 mm. 
long. C. walteriana, p. 295 
dd. Perigynia tapering into a hollow slender beak, obliquely trun- 
cate at the tip, not notched. C. polymorpha, p. 301 
ddd. Perignia plano-convex, not beaked, pistillate spikes very 
slender, 3 mm. thick, with closely imbricated perigynia. 
Swamp species forming dense tussocks. C. stricta, p. 206 
bb. Staminate spike sessile or on a short peduncle, so that it does not 
stand clear of the adjacent pistillate spike when the latter (or the 
perigynia composing it) is brought close against the stem. Staminate 
spike always single. 
c. Achenes 7-12 mm. long. 
d. Spindle-shaped, tapering gradually. 
e. Spike 1 of only 3-6 achenes, spreading or reflexed. 
C. collinsii, p. 290 
ee, Spikes about 4 of numerous achenes in fan-shaped clus- 
ters, rather remote and not over 15 mm. long. 
C. folliculata, p. 291 
dd. Sharply triangular, abruptly narrowed to a long, very slender 
twisted beak, spikes 4-5, dense and cylindrical 40 mm. long. 
é. Achenes rhombic ovoid, the angles round knobbed in the 
middle. C. lupuliformis, p. 292 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 287 


ee. Achenes ellipsoid ovoid, angles not prominently knobbed. 
C. lupulina, p. 292 

ddd. Swollen at base tapering to a slender beak. 
e. Spikes erect or somewhat pendant, but achenes and scales 


never reflexed, 25-65 X 20 mm. C. lurida, p. 293 
ee. Spikes all pendant and scales and achenes reflexed, 
35-50 X 12 mm. C. comosa, p. 293 


cc. Achenes 5 mm. long or less. 
d, Stems scabrous, achenes long beaked, often partly reflexed. 
C. scabrata, p. 205 
dd. Stems not scabrous. 
e. Achenes reflexed, staminate spike strictly sessile, oblique 
from base of upper pistillate spike, the lacter yellow. 
C. flava, p. 300 
ee. Achenes not reflexed. 
f. Spikes pendant. 
g. Pistillate spike 50 mm. long or more, 12 mm. thick, 
achenes plano-convex. 
h. Leaf sheaths glabrous. C. crinita, p. 298 
hh. Leaf sheaths scabrous hispid. 
C. gynandra, p. 298 
gg. Pistillate spikes 25-50 mm. long, 5-6 mm. thick. 
h. Scales largely deep purplish black, spikes 25 
mm.long. C. barrattiu, p. 207 
hh. Scales brown or purplish, spike 16 mm. long. 
C. limosa, p. 297 
hhh. Scales green or brownish, spikes very slender, 
tip of staminate spike often pistillate, all spikes 
filiform peduncled. 
i, Achenes short. C. prasina, p. 297 
ii. Achenes long and slender. 
j. Achene twice as long as the scale. 
C. tenuis, p. 209 
jj. Achene three times as long as the scale. 
C. oblita, p. 299 
ff. Spikes erect. 
g. Achenes densely pubescent, pistillate spikes one or 
two close to the staminate spike. C. vestita, p. 295 
gg. Achenes glabrous. 
h. Pistillate spikes 2-3 close to the staminate spike 
(none half way down the stalk), spikes thick 
and short 12 5 mm. C. pallescens, p. 301 
hh. Pistillate spikes somewhat remote, one always 
well below the others. 
i. Perigynia ovoid, beakless. 
j. Plant densely glaucous. 
C. glaucodea, p. 300 
jj. Plant green, not glaucous. 
C. grisea, p. 300 


288 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ii. Perigynia with short beak, twisted to one 
side, ribbed. 
j. Pistillate spikes dense, closely imbricated. 
C. granularis, p. 300 
jj. Pistillate spikes, rather loosely flowered, 
especially below, not closely imbricated. 
k. Leaves 3-7 mm. wide, spikes and 
perigynia short, latter 2.5-4 mm. 
C. laxiflora, p. 301 
kk. Leaves 6-20 mm. wide, spikes and 
perigynia long, latter 2-2.5 mm. 
C. 1. patulifolia,, p. 302 
hhh. Pistillate spikes forming 1-3 small clusters at 
the base of the sessile staminate spike. Entire 
inflorescence occupying less than one inch of 
the top of the stem. 
i. Perigynia densely wooly, beaked; beak long 
and flat. 
j. Plant stoloniferous, 'the elongated, often 
leafless stolons scaly and creeping, inflo- 
rescence purplish. C. pennsylvanica, p. 303: 
jj. Plant caspitose not stoloniferous, inflo- 
rescence greenish. 
C. varia emmonsi, p. 304 
ii. Perigynia glabrous, ellipsoid, not beaked. 
C. leptalea harperi, p. 305. 
bbb. Inflorescence much exceeded by the leaves, but not sessile. 
c. Scales more or less dark purple margined. 
d. Inflorescence all at the summit of the stalk, pistillate and 
staminate spikes closely associated. C. nigromarginata, p. 305 
dd. Inflorescence in several rather remote heads. 
C. pedunculata, p. 303 
cc. Scales green. 
d. Staminate spike at tip of pistillate, the latter of only 3-0 


achenes. C. willdenovii, p. 305 
dd. Staminate spike at base of pistillate, the latter of typical 
form, many flowered. C. abscondita, p. 303 


aa. Staminate and pistillate flowers mingled in the same spike, sometimes. 
occupying different parts of it. 
b. Spike regular cylindrical. 
c. Staminate portion terminal. 
d. Spikes 7-50 mm. long, always dark brown, more or less vari- 
egated, perigynia white, beakless. C. buxbaumti, p. 296: 
dd. Spikes green, scales whitish 4-16 mm. long. 
C. 1. harperi, p. 305 
cc. Staminate portion basal, persisting as a sheath of imbricated 
scales, embracing the base of the spike. 
d. Perigynia not reflexed. 
e. Spikes 12 mm. thick. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 289 


f. 15 mm. long, pistillate scales sharp pointed. 
C. squarrosa, p. 294 
ff. 25 mm. long, pistillate scales blunt. 
C. typhinoides, p. 294 
ee. Spikes 6 mm. thick or less. 
f. Spikes three-clustered at the top of the culm, 4-6 mm, 
thick, but little longer. 
g. Leaves hairy. C. triceps, p. 208 
gg. Leaves smooth. C. caroliniana, p. 2099 
ff. Spikes several, 3-4 mm. thick, often slightly drooping. 
C. swanii, p. 298 
dd. Perigynia reflexed, spikes solitary, 5 mm. thick. 
C. exilis, p. 306 
bb. Spike elongated or globular, dense and bristling, somewhat irregular 
and branched on very short peduncles. 
e. Spikes yellow or tawny when mature. 
f. Perigynia enlarged and inflated at the base, long slender beak, 
much longer than the body. C. stipata, p. 306 
ff. Perigynia firm and not enlarged or inflated at the base, beak 
shorter than the body. 
g. Leaves equal to or exceeding the culms. 
C. vulpinoidea, p. 306 
gg. Leaves shorter than the culms. C. annectens, p. 307 
ee. Spikes green. 
f. Heads nearly globular, 7-15 mm. long, leaves soft. 
C. cephalophora, p. 307 
ff. Heads elongated, 15-40 mm. long, leaves stiff and wiry. 
C. muhlenbergit, p. 307 
bbb. Inflorescence, a series of star-like (ovoid in canescens) clusters, 
sometimes close together at the end of the culm, usually with the 
lower remote. 
c. Staminate flowers at the base of the spike. 
d. Perigynia plano-convex, spikes 6-12 mm. long. 
C. canescens disjuncta, p. 310 
dd, Perigynia with thin or winged margins. 
e. Perigynia broadest at the base, beak rough or serrulate. 
f. Perigynia never more than half as broad as long, 3-4 
mm. long. C. cephalantha, p. 309 
ff. Perigynia more than half as broad as long. 
g. Scales sharp pointed, leaves 2.5-4.5 mm. broad, 
inflorescence 15-35 min. long, spike 15-50 flowered, 
plant coarse. C. atlantica, p. 309 
ge. Scales blunt, leaves narrower, inflorescence 10-20 
mm. long, spike 5-15 flowered; plants slender. 
h. Leaves 1-2 mm. broad. C. interior, p. 308 
hh. Leaves still narrower. C. 1. capillacea, p. 308 
ee. Perigynia broadest near the middle, less than 2 mm. 
broad, beak short and smooth. C. seorsa, p. 309 


19 MUS 


290 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


cc. Staminate flowers at tip of spike. Perigynia widest above the 
base, 2.5-4 mm. long, edges minutely serrulate, spikes 3-8, re- 
mote except at top of culm, 6-15 flowered, plant weak. 
C. rosea, p. 307 
bbbb. Inflorescence consisting of 2-3 clusters of 2-5 flowers, remote on a 
filiform branched culm, perigynia 3.3-3.8 mm. long. 
C. trisperma, p. 310 
aaa. Staminate and pistillate lowers mingled, (staminate usually at the base), 
in uniform ovoid heads, clustered or usually separate at the end of the 
scape, each composed of a number of closely imbricated flat perigynia 


and scales. 
b. Perigynia lanceolate or ovate, 2-5 times as long as wide. 
c. Spikes green-brown, blunt. C. tribuloides, p. 311 
cc. Spikes brown or chestnut. C. scoparia, p. 310 
bb. Perigynia ovate, not more than twice as long as wide. 
c. Perigynia spreading, heads clustered. C. straminea, p. 311 


cc. Perigynia erect and appressed, heads usually single, scattered 
along the stem. 
d. Heads silvery green or nearly white, sea beach species. 
C. silicia, p. 311 


dd. Heads brown or green-brown. C. hormathodes, p. 312 

bbb. Perigynia orbicular or broadly ovate, as broad or even broader than 
long. 

d. Heads green or silvery-green. C. albolutescens, p. 313 


dd. Heads brown. 
e. Achene short stalked. Heads 8-15 mm. long. 
C. alata, p. 312 
ee. Achene sessile. Heads 6-8 mm. long. 
C. festucacea brevior, p. 312 


Carex collinsii Nutt. Collins’ Sedge. 


Pl. XXIL, Fig. 3. : 
Carex Collinsii Nuttall, Gen. II. 205. 1818 [New Jersey].—Keller and 
Brown 76. 
Carex subulata Knieskern 37—Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 419. 1836.— 
Willis 71—Britton 2609. 

Pine Barren and Middle districts; frequent in almost all the 
Cedar swamps and in other wooded swamps in the southwestern 
part of the State, also locally in Hudson, Bergen and Middlesex 
Counties. This little sedge was named in honor of Zaccheus 
Collins, a Philadelphia botanist, who, though he published noth- 
ing, had probably the most thorough field knowledge of the 
local flora, of the men of his time. He contributed much infor- 
mation to Nuttall and Barton, and is frequently quoted by them. 

Fr—Mid-June to early July, scattered spikes persisting 
through the summer. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 291 


Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale, New Egypt, Griffiths, bel. 
Washington Park, Lindenwold (KB), Gloucester (KB), Mickleton (HA), 
Swedesboro, Centerton (S), Yorktown. ; 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Pt. Pleasant, Manchester (NY), Toms River (KB), 
Forked River, Waretown, Bamber, Barnegat, Manahawkin, Coxe’s, Stafford 
Forge (S), Browns Mills, Clementon, Jackson, Albion, Cedar Brook, An- 
drews, Malaga (P), Landisville (T), Hammonton, Folsom, Pancoast, Forks 
of Batsto, Absecon, Dennisville (OHB). 

Cape May—New England (OHB). 


Carex folliculata L. Long Sedge. 


Pl. XXIL, Fig. 4. 


Carex folliculata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 978. 1753 {[Canada].—Knieskern 37.— 
Willis 71.—Britton 269. 

Carex folliculata xanthrophysa Muhlenberg Gram. 244. 1817. Schweinitz 
and Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. I. 340. 1825. 


Frequent in swamps and wet thickets throughout the State, 
but most abundant in the Pine Barrens. 

Fr.—Early June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Shark River, New Egypt, Delaire, Kaighns Pt., Wash- 
ington Park, Lindenwold (S), Glassboro, Swedesboro, Yorktown. 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Toms River, Forked River, Coxe’s, Browns Mills, 
Cedar Brook, Albion, Andrew’s, Speedwell, Forks of Batsto, Folsom, Ham- 


monton (Bassett), Egg Harbor City. 
Cape May.—Court House (S). 


Carex intumescens Rudge. Bladder Sedge. 
PL XXIL., Fig.-5. 


Carex intumescens Rudge, Trans. Linn. Soc. VII. 97. 1804 [Carolina].— 
Knieskern 37.—Willis 71.—Britton 269. 


Common throughout the State in swampy woods and thickets, 
except in the Pine Barrens, where it is rather rare and confined to 
Cedar swamps. ‘The alleged specimens of C. Asa-grayi from 
our region belong to this species. 

Fr.—Mid-June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Kaighns Pt. Camden (Bas- 


sett), Medford (S), Glassboro, Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro, Centerton ($), 


Yorktown, Manumuskin (S$). ; 
Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Landisville (T), Head of Batsto, Egg Harbor City. 


Coast Strip.—Wildwood. 


292 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Carex lupulina Muhl. Hop Sedge. 
Pl. XXII., Fig. 1. 


Carex lupulina “Muhl.,” Schkuhr Riedgr. II. 34. 1806 [Pennsylvania] —Bar- 
ton Fl. Phila. II. 156. 1818—Willis 71.—Britton 269. 

Edges of swamps in the Nlorthern, Middle and Cape May 
districts and down the Coastal Strip. Rather uncommon except 
northward. 

\Fr.—Mid-June to mid-September (apparently). 


Middle District—Clarksboro, Medford (S), Swedesboro, Salem (S). 
Pine Barrens—Cedar Brook. 

Coast Strip—Anglesea, Wildwood. 

Cape May—Cape May, Dias Creek. 


Carex lupuliformis Sartwell. Hop-like Sedge. 


Carex lupuliformis “Sartwell,” Dewey Am. Jour. Sci (II.) IX. 29. 1850 [N. 
States and Canada]. 


Very rare. Known from one station each in Bergen and 

Sussex Counties, and one in the Middle district. 
Fr—September 16 spikes over mature beginning to break up. 
Middle District-—Riddleton. 


Carex rostrata utriculata (Boott.)* Bottle Sedge. 


Carex wutriculata “Boott,’ Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. II. 221. 1840 [British 
America].—Britton 269—Keller and Brown 77. 


Swampy ground, northern counties, and once recorded in the 
Middle district. 


Middle District—Kaighns Pt. (NB). 


Carex bullata Schk. Button Sedge. 


Pl. XXII, Fig. 2. 
Carex bullata Schkuhr. Riedgr. Nachtr., 1806. 85 [North America].—Britton 
269.—Knieskern 37.—Willis 71. 
Swamps and bogs of the Pine Barrens common; also locally 
in the Middle district. I am not fully convinced that this sedge 


* Carex mounile reported by Keller and Brown from Sumner (Clementon) 


proves to be sterile C. bullata with abnormally long heads as determined by 
Mr. Bayard Long. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 293 


should take the name greeni, as argued by Prof. Fernald,* and 
prefer to hold to the familiar name for the present. 
Fr.—Mid-June into September. 


Middle District—Lindenwold (S), Lawnside (S), Mickleton (H), Re- 
paupo, Yorktown. 


Pine Barrens.—Farmingdale, Allaire, Asbury Park, Lakehurst, Toms River, 
Browns Mills, Speedwell, Sumner, Cedar Brook, Penbryn (S), Iona (S$), 
Andrews, Folsom, Pancoast, Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S). 


Carex lurida Wahl. Sallow Sedge. 


Pl. XXIIL, Fig. 1. 


C[arex] lurida Wahlenberg, Kongl. Acad. Handl. (II.) 24. 153. 1803 
[North America].—Britton 270. 

Carex tentaculata Knieskern 37.—Willis 71. 

Common in swamps throughout the State except in the Pine 
Berrens, where it is rare and for the most part close to the border. 

Fr.—Mid-June to late July. 

Middle District—Seabright, Farmingdale, New Egypt, Riverside, Browns 
Mills, Haddonfield (S), Sharpstown, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire (S), Forked River, Winslow (S), Albion, Pen- 
bryn (S), Landisville, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City. 

Coast Strip.—Piermont. 

Cape May.—Cape May, Cold Spring. 


Carex hystericina Muh]. Porcupine Sedge. 


Carex hystericina “Muhl,” Willdenow Sp. Pl. IV. 282. 1805 [Pennsylvania]. 
Carex hystricina Knieskern 37—Willis 71—Britton 270. 


Swampy ground in the Northern and Middle districts ; appar- 
ently not commion within our limits. 
Fr.—t,ate May to late June. 
Middle District—New Egypt, five mi. S. of Mickleton, Lindenwold (S). 


Carex comosa Boott. Bottle-brush Sedge. 
Pl. XXIIL, Fig. 2. 

Carex comosa Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. XX. 117. 1846 [Boston, Mass. ] 
Carex Pseudo-cyperus Britton 270. 

Frequent in swamps of the Northern and Middle districts and 
Coastal Strip. Not reported from the Pines. 

Fr.—Early June to mid-July, and more rarely through the 
summer. 


*Rhodora 1906, p. 202. 


294 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Lindenwold, Medford (S), Washington 
Park, Five miles south of Mickleton, Swedesboro, Salem (C). 
Coast Strip-—Piermont, Wildwood, Anglesea, Holly Beach (T), Court 
House, Cold Spring (S), Cape May. 
Carex squarrosa L. Squarrose Sedge. 
Carex squarrosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 973. 1753 [Canada]. 


Damp open ground of the Northern and locally in the Middle 
district. Rare within our limits. 
Fr.—Mid-June into August. 
Middle District.—One mile south of New Egypt, Moorestown (H), Swedes- 
boro (H). 
Carex typhinoides Schwein. Cat-tail Sedge. 


Carex typhinoides Schweinitz, Ann. Lyc. I. 66. 1824 [North Carolina]. 


Swampy ground, lower part of Middle district, very rare. 
Known from a single station only. 
Fr.—Mid-June probably into August. 


Middle District—Riddleton. 


Carex trichocarpa Muhl. Hairy-fruited Sedge. 
Pl. XXV,, Fig. 5. 
Carex trichocarpa (Muhl.) Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 302. 1805 [Pennsyl- 
vania].—Britton 271—Keller and Brown 78. 
Open swampy ground in the Northern district, and rare and 
local iri the Middle district. 
This species was found by the writer near Medford; previously 
it was only known from the northern counties. : 
The record from Cedar Brook, given by Keller and Brown, 
proves to be erroneous. 
Fl.—Full flower May 30, but achenes well formed. 


Middle District—Medford (S). 


Carex lacustris Willd. Riverbank Sedge. 
PL XXIIL, Fig. 6. 


Carex lacustris Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 306. 1805 [Pennsylvania]. 
Carex riparia Barton, Fl. Phila, II. 158. 1818—Britton 271—Keller and 
Brown 78. “ 

Wet open swamps in the northern counties, local southward 
in the Middle and rarely in the Pine Barren and Cape May dis- 
tricts. 

Fr.—Late May to late June. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 29s 


Middle District-—Crosswicks Creek, Bordentown, Delair, Swamps Glow 
cester Co. (C), Woodstown, Salem (H). 

Pine Barrens Manchester (P). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Carex vestita Willd. Velvet Sedge. 
PI. XXV., Fig. 7. 


Carex vestita Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 263. 1805 [N. America].—Knieskern 
36.—Willis 71.—Britton 270.—Keller and Brown 78. 


Damp sandy soil; most plentiful in the Middle district, occa- 
sional in the Northern and Cape May districts and rare in the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fr.—Late May to late July. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Delanco, Merchantville (P), Camden (KB), 
Haddonfield (KB), Lindenwold (S), Clementon (S), Washington Park 
(KB), Woodbury, Mickleton (S), Sicklerville, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Allaire, Winslow Jnc., Spring Garden (P), Hammonton 
(Bassett), Egg Harbor City (B. Smith), Palermo. 

Cape May.—Rio Grande (OHB), New England (OHB), Cape May (S$). 


Carex walteriana Bailey,* Walter’s Sedge. 
Pl. XXIII, Fig. 7. 
Carex Walteriana Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club. XX. 429. 1803 (new name for 
C. striata Michaux) [Carolina].—Keller and Brown 78. 


Carex striata Knieskern 36.—Willis 71. 
Carex striata var. brevis Britton 271. 


Plentiful in bogs of the Pine Barrens, where it is the most 
characteristic and abundant Carex; rare and local in the lower 
Middle district and on the coastal islands. 

Fr,—Farly June to late July. 


Middle District—New Egypt (NB), Mickleton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Lakehurst, Manchester (C), Pt. Pleasant, Toms River, 
Forked River, Waretown, Barnegat, Tuckerton, High Bridge (S), Speedwell, 
White Horse (S), Bear Swamp, Jackson, Clementon, Cedar Brook, Berlin 
(KB), Williamstown (H), Iona (S), Winslow Jnc., Quaker Bridge, Ham- 
monton (KB), Mays Landing, Sea Isle Jnc., Woodbine (S). 


* A specimen of Carex scabrata is in the collection of the Phila. Academy, 
labelled Cedar Brook, N. J., July 12th, 1892, Herbarium of Jos. Crawford. 
Mr. Crawford, however, was at Hamburg, Pa., on this date and other speci- 
mens of this sedge obtained by him at. Hamburg, July 11th, 1892, are exactly 
like this one. I therefore feel sure that an error has been made in wriitng 
this label. We have no other evidence of the occurrence of the plant within 
our limits. 


296 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Coast Strip —Wildwood. 
Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


Carex lanuginosa Michx. Woolly Sedge. 
Pl. XXIIL., Fig. 3. 
Carex lanuginosa Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. Il. 175. 1803 [lacus Mistassins] 
—Knieskern 36.—Willis 71—Keller and Brown 78. 
Carex filiformis var. lanuginosa Britton 271. 

Frequent in the northern counties in low moist ground, and 
down the coast strip to Cape May. Rare in the Middle district 
and unknown from the Pine Barrens. 

Fr.—Early June to early July. 

Middle District—Mickleton (H). 
Coast Strip-—Squan (C), Bayhead, Toms River (NY), Palermo, Piermont, 


Cape May Ct. House, Cold Spring. 
Pine Barrens—Landisville (T), (introduced ?). 


Carex buxbaumi. Brown Sedge. 
Pl. XX,, Fig. 4. 
Carex Buxbaumi Wahlenberg, K. Vet. Akad. Handl. 164. 1803 [Sweden and 
Lapland].—Britton 271. 
Marshes and bogs; rare. A few stations in the Northern and 


Middle districts north of our limits and one in the Cape May 
peninsula. 


Fr.—Mid-May to early June, rarely slightly later. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Carex stricta Lam.* Tussock Sedge. 
PL. XXV., Fig. 1. 


Carex stricta Lamarck, Encycl. III. 387. 1789 [Virginia, Pennsylvania, etc.]. 
—Knieskern 36.—Willis 70—Britton 271. 


* Carex haydeni Dewey (Amer. Jour. Sci. IL, 18. 103. 1854.—Missouri R. 
near Ft. Pierre), is recorded from Morris Co. and Assinpink marsh, both 
north of our range. Also stated to occur in Camden Co. by Mr. C. E. Smith, 
but no definitely labelled specimens are extant to corroborate his record. I 
am also unable to find anything to verify the record for C. aquatilis, given in 
Britton’s Catalogue, on the authority of Mr. C. F. Parker, for Camden Co. 
Possibly it referred to the same plant as Mr. Smith’s record of C. haydeni— 
possibly an aberrant C. stricta. 

C. salina, reported with some doubt by Knieskern from near Manchester, 
has not been verified. 


PLANT'S OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 297 


Common in open swamps of the Northern and Middle dis- 
tricts, forming the familiar “tussocks.” 

Fr.—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Toms River (NB), Delanco, 
Delaire, Camden, Medford (S), Lindenwold (S), Glassboro, Pitman, Mickle- 
ton, Repaupo, Swedesboro, Quinton. 

Coast Strip—Toms River (NY), Cold Spring. 


Carex prasina Wahl. Drooping Sedge. 


Carex prasina Wahlenberg, Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. (II) 24. 161. 1803 
[North America].—Britton 272.—Kellar and Brown 79. 


Damp ground, usually in woods; Northern and Middle dis- 
tricts. 


Fr—Late May to mid-June. 
Middle District —Mullica Hill (H), Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. 


Carex barrattii Schw. and Torr. Barratt’s Sedge. 
PL XXIIL, Fig. 4. 


Carex Barrattii Schweinitz and Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. I. 361. 1825 [Cape 
May, N. J.].—Willis 70.—Britton 272. 

Carex littoralis Schweinitz, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. I. 70. 1824 [Cape May, N. J.], 
(nec. C. littoralis Koch 1814)—Keller and Brown 79. 

Carex flacca Gray, Man. Ed. I. 549. 1848—Knieskern 36. 

Swamps in the Pine Barrens and west Jersey; local and not 
common. Occasional also in southern Cape May County. A 
beautiful species first discovered by Zaccheus Collins. 

Fr.—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Shark River, Mitckleton (NB), Clarksboro. 

Pine Barrens—Manchester (NB), Browns Mills, Cedar Brook, Spring 


Garden, Winslow (P),-White Horse, Egg Harbor. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


Carex limosa L. Mud Sedge. 
Pl. XXIIL, Fig. s. 


Carex limosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 977. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 272—Keller 
and Brown 79. 


Bogs, not common, restricted to the Northern and Middle 
districts. 

Fr.—FEarly June to early July, or possibly later. 

Middle District —Repaupo, Swedesboro. 


298 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Carex crinita Lam. Fringed Sedge. 
Pl. XXL, Fig. 6. 
Carex crinita Lamarck, Encycl. III. 393. 1789 [Virginia].—Knieskern 36. 
—Willis 70.—Britton 272. 
Common in swamps throughout the State, except in the Pine 
Barrens, where it is rare. 
Fry.—Early June to mid-July. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Riverside, Millville, Yorktown. 
Pine Barrens.—White Horse, Landisville. 

Coast Strip.—Beach Haven (L). 

Cape May.—West of Wildwood Jnc., Goshen (S$), Cape May (S). 


Carex gynandra Schwein. Nodding Sedge. 
Carex gymandra Schweinitz, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. I. 70. 1824 [Lower South 
Carolina]. 
Occasional in swampy ground of the Northern, Middle and 
Coast districts. 
Fr—tLate May to early July. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Albion, Washington Park, Lindenwold (S$), 


Swedesboro. 
Coast Strip—Five-Mile Beach. 


Carex swanii (Fernald.). Downy Green Sedge. 
Pl. XXV,, Fig. 6. 


Carex virescens var. Swanii Fernald, Rhodora 1906. 183 [Manchester, Vt.] 
(new name for C. virescens of recent authors which is the same as G. 
costellata Britton). 


Common in dry woods throughout the State, except in the 
Pine Barrens, where it is rare (and perhaps introduced). 

Fr.—Early June to late June. 

Middlie District—Farmingdale, Washington Park, Repaupo, Mickleton, 
Riddleton, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Millville. 

Pine Barrens.—Cedar Brook, Atsion, Egg Harbor City, Belleplain (P). 


Coast Strip.—Barnegat City (L), Avalon, Wildwood. 
Cape May.—Fishing Creek. 


Carex triceps Michx. Hirsute Sedge. 
Pl XXV,, Fig. 2. 


Carex triceps Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 170. 1803 [Carolina]. 
Carex triceps var. hirsuta Britton 272. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 299 


Dry woods and fields; common throughout the State, except 
in the Pine Barrens, where it is rare. Specimens from Swedes- 
boro and Egg Harbor City are referable to C. t. bushii according 
to Mr. Bayard Long. 

Fr,—Early June to early July. 

Middle District—Clarksboro, Swedesboro, Riddleton. 


Pine Barrens.—Landisville (T), Egg Harbor City. 


Cape May—Cold Spring (S), Whitesboro (S), Green Creek (OHB), 
Bennett (OHB), Cape May (P). 


Carex caroliniana Schw. Carolina Sedge. 


Carex caroliniana Schweinitz Ann. Lyc. N. Y. I. 67. 1824 [Carolina] — 
Keller and Brown 80. 
Carex Smithit Willis 70—Britton 272. 
Confined to low moist ground in the Middle district along the 
Delaware River. 


Fr.—Early June to late June. 


Middle District—Crosswicks, Camden (NB), Timber Creek, Washington 
Park, Red Bank, Clarksboro, Riddleton. 


Carex tenuis Rudge. Slender-stalked Sedge. 


Carex tennis Rudge, Trans. Linn Soc. VIl. 97. 1804 [Long Island, N. Y.]. 
—Keller and Brown 81. 

Carex flexuosa Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 158. 18128. 

Carex debilis Knieskern 36.—Willis 71.—Britton 273. 
Woodland; common in the Northern and Middle districts. 
Fr.—Early June to late June. 


Middle District—Delair, Washington Park, Medford (S), Center Square, 
Mickleton, Pitman, Glassboro, Swedesboro, Riddleton. 
Coast Strip—Asbury Park, Pt. Pleasant, Manahawkin. 


Carex oblita Steud. Dark-green Sedge. 
Pl. XXV,, Fig. 3. 
Carex oblita Steudel, Syn. Pl. Cyp. 231. 1855 [New Orleans, La.]—Keller 
and Brown 81. 


Carex glabra Willis 71. 
Carex venusta var. glabra Britton 273. 


In bogs of the Middle and Cape May districts frequent; and 
occasional in the Pine Barrens, especially near the coast. 
Fr—Early June to late June. 


*Mr. Lippincott’s record of C. arctata, at Swedesboro, in Keller and 
Brown’s list proves to be young C. styloflexa. 


300 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, Camden, Grenloch, Lindenwold, Griffith’s 


Swamp, Lawnside (S), Washington Park, Clementon, Albion, Mickleton 


(H), Glassboro, Yorktown. 
Pine Barrens.—Allaire (S), Forked River, Vineland (S), Winslow Jnc., 


Absecon, Mays Landing (KB), Egg Habor City. 
Cape May—Cape May. 
Carex grisea Wahl. Gray Sedge. 


Pl. XXIV., Fig. 2. 

Carex grisea Wahlenberg, Kongl. Vet. Akad. Hamdl (II.) 24. 154. 1803 
[North America]—Knieskern 36—Willis 70—Gray Man, Ed. I. 552. 
1848.—Britton 273——Keller and Brown 81. 

In meadows in the northern counties; south locally in the Mid- 
dle district. 
Fr—Late May to mid-June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delair, Medford (S), Wash- 
ington Park, Mickleton (NB). 


Carex glaucodea Tuckm. Glaucous Sedge. 

Carex glaucodea “Tuckerman,” Olney Proc. Am. Acad. VII. 395. 1868 
[Summits of Mt. Holyoke and Mt. Tom].—Britton 277—Keller and 
Brown 8&1. 

Carex grisea var. mutica Knieskern 36.—Willis 70. 

Dry ground; tolerably common in the Middle district, casual 
farther north and rare in the lower Cape May peninsula. 

Fr.—Early June to late June. 

Middle District—Hornerstown (C), Haddonfield (P), Almonessen, Wood- 
bury (H), Clarksboro, Swedesboro, Riddleton. ‘ 

Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 

Carex granularis Muhl. Meadow Sedge.* 
Pl. XXIV., Fig. 5. 

Carex granularis “Muhl.,” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 279. 1805 [Pennsylvania]. 
Britton 273—Keller and Brown 81. 

In meadows; frequent in the Northern counties, rare in the 
Middle and Cape May districts. ‘The Cape May plant is not 
typical and was quesionably referred to C. haleana Olney, but its 
peculiarities are probably merely the result of its environment. 

Fr.—Early June to late June. 


* Carex flava \,., accidentally omitted from the text, was collected in the 
Kaighn’s Pt. swamp by Parker in 1865 (Britton’s Catalogue). What C. 
oederi reported by Martindale from Atsion, may have been I cannot suggest. 
No specimen has been seen. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 301 


Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Grenloch, Red Bank, Swedes- 
boro, Riddleton. 


Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Carex polymorpha Muhl.* Variable Sedge. 

Carex polymorpha Muhlenberg, Gram. 239. 1817 [Pennsylvania].—Knies- 
kern 36.—Willis 71—Gray Man. Ed. I. 550.—Britton 275.—Keller and 
Brown 82. 

Meadows; rare and local. Discovered June 9, 1890, at Mickle- 
ton by Mr. Benj. Heritage; also known from two stations in the 
northern counties and given in Knieskern’s list. Mr. Crawford’s 
record from Cedar Brook (K. and B.) was apparently something 
else. 

Middle District—Mickleton. 


Carex conoidea Schk. Field Sedge. 
Carex conoidea Schkuhr, Riedgr. Nachtr. 67, f. 168. 1806 [North America].— 
Britton 274.—Keller and Brown 82. 

Damp open ground of the northern counties; very rare in the 
Middle district. Collected by C. D. Lippincott at Swedesboro, 
June 4, 1893. 

Fr—tLate May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Swedesboro. 


Carex tetanica Schk. Wood’s Sedge. 
Pl. XXIV., Fig. 4. 
Carex tetanica Schkuhr, Riedgr. Nachtr. 68, figs. 100, 207. 1806 [Pennsyl- 
vania]. 

Bogs; not common. Northern and Middle districts. Dis- 
covered by the writer at Lindenwold, and previously by Mr. C. 
D. Lippincott at Swedesboro. 

Fr—Farly June to early July. 


Middle District—Lindenwold (S), Swedesboro. 


Carex laxiflora Lam. Loose-flowered Sedge. 


Carex laxiflora Lamarck, Encycl. III. 392. 1789 [N. Y., Penna. Va.].— 
Knieskern 36—Willis 71—Britton 274. ; 

Carex anceps Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. I. 42. 1814.—Barton Fi. Phila. II. 157. 
1818. 


*Carex pallescens is given by Keller and Brown from Swedesboro on 
authority of Chas. D. Lippincott, and from New Egypt in Knieskern’s list. 
Mr. Lippincott, however, states that he never found the species, and Knies- 
kern’s specimen is not extant. 


302. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


This species is apparently very rare within our limits and does 
not seem to spread into the coastal plain to any extent. 

Fr.—tLate May to late June. 

Middle District—Medford (S$), Swedesboro, Camden (P). 


Carex laxiflora patulifolia (Dewey.). Ribbon-leaved Sedge. 


PL. XXIV., Fig. 3. 


Carex anceps var. patulifolia Dewey, Wood’s Bot. 423. 1845 [no locality 
given]. 
Carex laxiflora var. patulifolia Knieskern 36.—Willis 71—Keller and Brown 
82. 
In dry woods of the Middle and probably also the Northern 
district. 
Fr.—tLate May to late June. 


Middle District—Pt. Pleasant, Medford (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, 
Camden (P). 


Carex styloflexa Buckley. Bent-beaked Sedge. 
PI. XXIV., Fig. 7. 


Carex styloflexa Buckley, Amer. Jour. Sci. 45. 174. 1843 [Mountains of 
Macon Co., N. C.].—Keller and Brown 82. 
Carex laxiflora styloflexa Willis 71—Britton 274. 
Wet meadows; Northern, Middle and Cape May districts. 
Fr.—tLate May to late June. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Asbury Park, Medford (S), 


Washington Park, Mickleton, Lindenwold. 
Cape May.—Cape May. 


Carex digitalis Willd. Slender Wood Sedge. 
Carex digitalis Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 208. 1805 [ Pennsylvania].—Knieskern 
36.—Willis 71—Britton 274. 
Dry woods of the northern counties; rare in the Middle 
district. 
Fr.—Late May to late June. 


Middle District—Squan (C), Riddleton, Swedesboro (CDL). 


Carex laxiculmis Schwein.* Spreading Sedge. 
*C. albursina is included in Keller and Brown’s list from Swedesboro and 
Mickleton, but I can find no specimens to substantiate the record. Specimens 
of C. laxiculinis have sometimes been mistaken for it. : 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 303 


Pl. XXIV,, Fig. 6. 
Carex laxiculmis Schweinitz, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. I. 70, 1824 [Carolina]. 


Rich woods, northern counties; rare in the Middle district. 
Fr.—tLate May to late June. 


Middle District—Sewell (S), Mickleton. 


Carex abscondita Mackenzie. Thicket Sedge. 


Pl. XXIV,, Fig. 8. 
Carex abscondita Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, May, 1910, p. 244 [new 
name for C. ptychocarpa Steud., nec Link 1799—New Orleans, La.] 

Carex ptychocarpa Keller and Brown -83. 

Woods, Middle and Cape May districts; casual northward. 

Fr.—lLate May to late June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant (S), Bayhead, New Egypt, 
Riverside, Medford (S), Kirkwood, Center Square, Albion, Sumner, 


Swedesboro, Riddleton, Yorktown. 
Cape May.—Dennisville (OHB), Cold Spring, Cape May. 


Carex livida (Wahl.). Livid Sedge. 
Pl. XXIV,, Fig. 1. 
Carex limosa var. livida Wahlenberg, Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. (II) 24. 
* 162. 1803 [Lapponize Enontekensis]. 
Carex livida Gray, Man. Ed. I. 550. 1848—Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 
417. 1836—Kneiskern 36.—Willis 70.—Britton 275.Keller and Brown 
83. 
Rather frequent in bogs in the Pine Barrens. 
Fr.—tLate May to late June. 


Pine Barrens.—Lakehurst, Toms River (McK), Double Trouble, Bamber, 
High Bridge (S), Speedwell, Cedar Brook, Ancora, Atsion (P). 


Carex pedunculata Muhl. Long-stalked Sedge. 
Carex pedunculata Muhlenberg, Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 222. 1805 [Penn- 
sylvania]. 
Occasional in the northern counties. Very rare within our 
limits. 
Fr.—Early May to late May. 
Middle District—New Egypt. 


Carex pennsylvanica Lam. Pennsylvania Sedge. 
Pl. XXVL, Fig. 12. 


Carex Pennsylvanica Lamarck, Encycl. III. 388. 1791 [Pennsylvania]. 
Knieskern 36.—Willis 71.—Britton 275. 


304. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Dry ground; common throughout the State, unless it be on the 
coast and Cape May peninsula. 

Fr—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Asbury Park, Hainesport, Delanco, Westville, Mantua, 


Sewell (S), Woodbury, Washington Park. 
Pine Barrens.—Brown’s Mills, Clementon, Cedar Brook, Pleasant Mills, 


Hammonton, Mays Landing (S). 


Carex varia emmonsi. Emmons’ Sedge. 


PI. XXVLI, Fig. 9. 


Carex varia var. Emmonsi “Dewey,” Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. II. 411. 1836 
[Massachusetts].—Britton 275.—Keller and Brown 84. 

Carex Nove-anglig Knieskern 36. 

Carex Emmonsii Willis 71 

Common in dry ground except in the Pine Barrens. 

Fr—Early May to early June. 

Middle District—Bordentown, Kinkora, Delaire, Fish House, Merchant- 
ville, Haddonfield, Medford (S), Woodbury, Wenonah, Glassboro, Pitman, 
Mickleton, Swedesboro, Alloway, Quinton. 

Coast Strip—Sea Bright (NB), Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), N. 
Beach Haven (L), Palermo. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Carex umbellata Schk. Umbel-like Sedge. 
Pl. XXVI., Fig. 15. 


Carex umbellata Schkuhr, Riedgr. Nachtr. 75. f. 171. 1806 [Pennsylvania]. 
—Knieskern 36—Willis 71.—Britton 276.—Keller and Brown 8&4. 


Rather frequent in the Middle district. 
Fr.—tLate April to early June. 


Middle District.—Allaire, Farmingdale, Mantua. 
Coast Strip.—Tuckahoe. 


. 


Carex umbellata tonsa Fernald. 


Carex umbellata var. tonsa Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad., vol. 37. 1902. 507 
[Maine and Connecticut]. 
Frequent in the Middle and Pine Barren districts. 
Fr.—tLate April to early June. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Hainesport, Mt. Holly, Browns Mills, Lin- 


denwold, Clementon. 
Pine Barrens.—Albion, Whitings, Hammonton, Tuckahoe. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW, JERSEY. 30s 
Carex umbellata abdita Bicknell. 


Carex umbellatta var. abdita Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XXXV, 402. 
1908 [Richmond Hill, L. 1]. 


Apparently not rare; confined to the Middle district. 
Fr.—Late April to early June, 


Middle District —Bordentown, Woodbury Hts., Alloway, Quinton. 


a 


Carex nigro-marginata Schw. Black-edged Sedge. 


Carex nigro-marginata Schweinitz, Ann. Lye. N.Y. 1. 68. 1824 [Carolina]. 
—Gray, Man. Ed. V., Issue 8, p. 682. 1868. 
Locally through the Northern, Middle and Coast districts in 
dry ground. 
Fr.—Late April to late May. 
Middle District—Hartford, Fish House, Camden (P), Mantua, Woodbury, 
Wenonah, Glassboro, Pennsgrove (C), Alloway. 


Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Palermo, Wildwood, Cape May Ct. House, 
Cape May. 


Carex willdenowii Schk. Willdenow’s Sedge.* 


Carex willdenowit Schkuhr, Riedgr. Nachtr. 33. f. 145. 1806 [North 
America].—Britton 276—Keller and Brown 84. 
In woods of the northern counties; very rare within our 
limits, resting solely on Mr. C. FE. Smith’s record for the vicinity 
of Woodbury. No specimen has been seen. 


Middle District—Woodbury (C). 


Carex leptalea harperi Fernald. Harper’s Sedge. 
Pl. XXVI., Fig. 14. 
Carex harperi Fernald, Rhodora, Sept., 1906. 181. [Near Louisville].— 
Long, Bartonia II. 19. 1910. 

Bogs of the lower Middle and Cape May districts. It may be 
that true C. leptalea occurs along our northern border, but Mr. 
Bayard Long, who has studied the material carefully, is of the 
opinion that specimens so identified are merely immature. 

Fr—tLate June to late July. 


* Carex pubescens is recorded from Swedesboro by Keller and Brown on 
authority of C. D. Lippincott, but Mr. Lippincott tells me that there was an 
error in transcribing his list, as he never found the species at Swedesboro. 


20 MUS 


306 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Delanco, Lindenwold, Clementon, Mickleton. 
Coast Strip.—Forked River. 
‘Cape May.—Goshen, Bennett, Cold Spring. 
Carex exilis Dewey. Coast Sedge. 
Pl. XXVI., Fig. 13. 

Carex exilis Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. XIV. 351. 1828 [Danvers, Mass.].— 
Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 387. 1836—Knieskern 35.—Willis 70.— 
Britton 277.—Keller and Brown 85. 

Frequent in swamps in the Pine Barrens, reaching the edge 
of the salt marsh occasionally where arms of the Pine Barrens 
extend seaward. 

Fr.—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Pine Barrens.—Shark River (C), Farmingdale, Davenport, Manchester 
(P), Burrsville (C), Pt. Pleasant, Toms River (NY), Bamber, West Creek, 


Tuckerton, Hanover (C), New Germany (T), Hammonton (KB), Absecon 
(C), Palermo, Egg Harbor City (H). 


Carex teretiuscula Gooden. Little Panicled Sedge. 


Carex teretiuscula Goodenow, Tr. Linn. Soc. II. 163. 1794 [Norwich, Eng- 
land].—Keller and Brown 85. 

Occasional in swamps of the northern counties and very rare 

in the Middle district, where it was found by Mr. Benj. Heritage 


Middle District—Mickleton. 


Carex stipata Muhl. Awl-fruited Sedge. 
Pl. XXL, Fig. 1. 
Carex stipata “Muhl.” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 233. 1805 [Pennsylvania].— 
Knieskern 35.—Willis 69.—Britton 276.—Keller and Brown 8s. : 
Meadows and open swamps; common in the Northern and 
Middle districts. 
Fr.—Mid-May to late June. 

Middle District Farmingdale, New Egypt, Camden (P), Delaire, Delanco, 
Medford (S), Washington Park, Woodbury, Pitman, Mickleton, Swedesboro. 
Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Fox Sedge. 

Pl. XXL, Fig. 2. 
Carex vulpimoidea Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 169. 1803 [Canada and New 
England].—Knieskern 35.—Willis, 69.—Britton 276. 
Meadows and open swamps; common in the Northern and 
Middle districts and occasional on the coast. 
Fr.—Early June to mid-July. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. — 4y7 


Middle District —Seabright, New Egypt, Riverside, Medford (S), Camden 
(P), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Yorktown. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville (introduced ?). 

Coast Strip.—Avalon, Beach Haven (L). 


Carex annectens Bicknell. Yellow-fruited Sedge. 


Carex xanthocarpa annectens Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXIIL. 22. 
1896 [New York]. 
Carex santhocarpa Keller and Brown. 
Frequent in low grounds of the Middle district and occasional 
in the Pine Barrens. 
Fr.—Early June to early July. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, Medford (S), Lindenwold (S$), Browns 


Mills Jnc., Yorktown. 
Pine Barrens—Forked River, Landisville. 


Carex rosea Schk. Stellate Sedge. 
Carex rosea Schkuhr Riedgr. Nachtr. 15 f. 179. 1806 [North America].— 
Knieskern 35.—Willis 69.—Britton 276. 
Carex rosea var. radiata Britton 276. 
Common in dry woods in the Northern and Middle districts. 
Fr.—Mid-May to mid-June. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, Sewell (S), Glassboro, Mickleton, Swedes- 


boro. 
Carex cephalophora Muhl. Oval-headed Sedge. 


Pl. XXL, Fig. 4.. 
Carex cephalophora “Muhl.” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 220. 1805 [Pennsyl- 
vania].—Knieskern 35.—Willis 69.—Britton 277——Keller and Brown 86. 
Common in the northern counties, but rare southward within 
our limits. 
Fr.—E arly June to late June. 
Middle District—Sewell (S), Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 
Carex muhlenbergii Schk. Muhlenberg’s Sedge.* 
Pl. XXL, Fig. 3. 


Carex Muhlenbergit Schkuhr. Riedgr. Nachtr. 12. f. 178. 1806 [North 
America].—Muhlenberg, Gram. 221. 1817.—Knieskern 35.—Willis 69— 
Britton 277,—Keller and Brown 86. 


*The records of C. sparganoides and cephaloidea, given in Keller and 
Brown’s list for our region, all prove to belong to muhlenbergii or cephalo- 
phora, and we have no evidence of the occurrence of the former species 
within our limits. 


308 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent in woods and thickets in the Northern and Middle 
districts, occasional on the Coast and Cape May peninsula. 

Fr.—Early June to mid-July. 

Middle District—.Pemberton Jnc. (S), Griffith's Smp. (C), Haddonfield. 
(S), Medford (S), Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—White House ($). : 

Coast Strip.—Somers Pt., Atlantic City (P), Wildwood, Cold Spring. 

Cape May.—Bennett. 


Carex interior Bailey.* Inland Sedge. 
Pl. XXVI., Fig. ro. 


Carex interior Bailey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. XX. 426. 1893 [Me. to Minn. 
and Kansas]. 

Carex stellulata vars. sterilis, scirpoides Knieskern 35. 

Carex echinata var. radiata Britton 277. 

Carex interior Keller and Brown 87. 

Carex sterilis cephalantha Keller and Brown 87. 

Somewhat local in bogs and swampy ground of the Middle 
district. According to Prof. Fernald this species should bear 
the name C. scirpoides Schkuhr., but I prefer to adopt Mr. 
Mackenzie’s views upon the subject.* 

Fr.—Mid-May to mid-June. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Lindenwold, Swedesboro, 


Carex interior capillacea (Bailey.).* Thread-like Sedge. 


Carex interior var. capillacea Bailey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XX. 426. 1893. 
{[Mass., N. J. and Penna.]. 
Carex stellulata var. angustata Knieskern 35. 


. 


Frequent in bogs of the Middle and Pine Barren districts, 
especially in the latter, and occasional on the Coast Strip and 
Cape May peninsula. C. scirpoides capillacea according to Fer- 
nald. 

Fr.—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Mickleton, Yorktown. 

Pine Barrens.—Forked River, Browns Mills, Bear Swamp, Cedar Brook, 
Andrew’s, Ancora, Clementon. 


Coast Strip-—Spray Beach (L). 
Cape May.—Cape May (S), Cold Spring. 


*Cf. Fernald, Proc, Amer. Acad. XXXVII. 457-485, 1902. Mackenzie, Bull. 
Torr. Bot. Club XXXVIL., 249, 1010. . 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 309 


Carex cephalantha (Bailey). Prickly Sedge. 


Carex echinata var. cephalantha Bailey, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club. L 58. 1889 
[Penna., Mass., N. Y. and Mich.] 


Frequent along the upper coast strip and occasional in the 
upper Middle district to Cape May. Probably common north- 
ward. 

Fr.—tLate May to mid-June. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Mt. Holly, Center Square. 

_ Coast Strip—Asbury Park, Forked River, N. Beach Haven (L), Peahala 
(L), Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L). 

Cape May.—West Cape May. 


Carex atlantica Bailey.* Coastal Plain Sedge. 
PL XXVL, Fig. 11. 


Carex atlantica Bailey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XX. 425. 1893 [Newfound- 
land to Florida, coastal]. 

Carex stellulata Knieskern 35.—Willis 70. 

Carex Atlantica Keller and Brown 87. 

Carex echinata conferta Britton 277. 


Common in bogs of the Pine Barrens and occasional in the 
Middle and Cape May districts. 
Fr—tLate May to late June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Lindenwold, Swedesboro (CDL), York- 
town. 

Pine Barrens.—Asbury Park, Pt. Pleasant, Davenport, Lakehurst, Bear 
Swamp, Sumner, Albion, Andrews, Cedar Brook, Ancora (H), Jackson, 
Browns Mills. 

Cape May.—Cape May. 


Carex seorsa Howe WHowe’s Sedge. 


Carex seorsa E. C. Howe, Rept. N. Y. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 48. 40. 1895 
[Lansingburgh, Rensselaer Co., N. Y.]. 
Occasional in the Middle and Cape May districts. 
Fr.—Mid-May to early June. 
Middle District—Medford, Albion, Yorktown. 
Cape May.—Deninisville. 


* One specimen from Medford resembles Carex incomperta Bicknell. 


310 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Carex canescens disjuncta Fernald. Silvery Sedge.* 
Pl. XXL, Fig. 5. 


Carex canescens var. disjuncta Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 37. 488. 1902 
[Eastern N. A.]. . 
Carex canescens Knieskern 35.—Willis 70—Britton 278.—Keller and Brown 
87. 
Carex brunnescens gracilior Keller and Brown 87. 
Bogs of the Middle and Pine Barren districts, locally com- 
mon. 
Fr.—tLate May to early June. 
Middle District.—Farmingdale, Delanco, Camden, Mt. Holly, Westville 
(P), Medford (S), Center Square, Glassboro, Pitman, Mickleton. 


Pine Barrens—Toms River (NY), Forked River, Speedwell, Jackson, 
Albion, Clementon, Landisville. ; \ 


Carex trisperma Dewey. Three-fruited Sedge. 


Carex trisperma Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. IX. 63. 1825 [Williamstown and 
Deerfield, Mass.].—Knieskern 35.—Willis 70—Britton 278—Keller and. 
Brown 87. 


Bogs of the Northern district and Pine Barren Cedar Swamps, 
frequent. 

Variety billingsti Knight, credited to New Jersey in the new 
Gray’s Manual, seems to be too poorly characterized to warrant 
recognition, at least so far as our material is concerned. 

Fr.—Mid-June to late August, or occasionally into early 
autumn. : 

Pine Barrens—Manchester (C), Lakehurst, Toms River (S), Bamber, 


Pasadena, Double Trouble, Spring Garden (P), Waterford, Cedar Brook 
(KB), Malaga (P), Andrews, Landisville, Dennisville (P). 


Carex scoparia Schk. Pointed Broom Sedge. 
Pl. XXVI, Fig. 1. 


Carex scoparia Schkuhr, Riedgr. Nachtr. XX. f. 175. 1806 [North America], — 
Knieskern 35—Willis 70—Britton 278. 


* Carex brunnescens has several times been recorded from southern New 
Jersey, but no authentic specimens have come to my notice, and it is, I think, 
safe to say that the records were the result of misidentification. Such as I 
have examined seem to be young of the present species. 


PLANT'S OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. ~ 311 


Common in moist open ground throughout the Northern, Mid- 
dle and Cape May districts. Local and apparently of recent 
introduction in the Pine Barrens. 

Fr,—Late May to mid-July (apparently). 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Sea Bright, New Egypt, Browns Mills, 
Medford (S), Lindenwold, Clementon (S), Glassboro, Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens—Landisville, Cedar Brook, Egg Harbor City. 
Cape May.—Cape May. 
Carex tribuloides Wahl. Blunt Broom Sedge. 
Pl. XXVL, Fig. 2. 


Carex tribuloides Wahlenberg, Kougl. Vet. Acad. Handl (II.) 24. 145. 1803 
[North America]—Britton 278—Keller and Brown 87. 
Carex lagopodioides Willis 70. 
Rather frequent in low ground of the Northern and Middle 
districts. 
Fr.—Early June to late July. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Mt. Holly, Riverside, Medford (S), Mickle- 
ton, Swedesboro. 
Carex straminea Willd. Straw Sedge. 
Pl. XXVL, Fig. 7. 
Carex straminea “Willd.” Schkuhr Riedgr. Nachtr. 49, f. 34. 1801 [North 
America].—Knieskern 35.—Willis 70—Britton 278. 
Low ground of the northern counties; less common south- 
ward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Late May to early July. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, Mickleton, Riddleton. 


Carex silicea Olney. Sea Beach Sedge. 
Pl. XXVI, Fig. 3. 
Carex silicia Olney, Proc. Amer. Acad. VII. 393. 1868 [new name for C. 
straminea moniliformis Tuckerm].—Keller and Brown 88. 
Carex moniliformis Britton 278. mA 
Carex straminea var. moniliformis Knieskern 35—Willis 70. 


Frequent along the coast, in moist spots among the sand dunes, 
etc, 
Fr,—Early June to early July. 


Maritime.—Deal, Forked River, Seaside Park, Spray Beach (L), At- 
lantic City, Longport (S), Piermont (S), Stone Harbor, Wildwood, Cape 
May. 


312. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Carex festucacea brevoir (Dewey). Shorter Fescue Sedge. 
Pl. XXVI, Fig. 8 


Carex brevior Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 158. 1820 [no loc.]. 


Occasional in the Cape May district where it was cullected by 
Mr. O. H. Brown. Our specimens were identified by Prof. M. 
L. Fernald. 

Fr.—tLate May to early July. 

Cape May—Cape May (S). 


Carex hormathodes Fernald. Marsh Straw Sedge. 
Pl. XXVI, Fig. 4. 
Carex hormathodes Fernald Rhodora, Aug., 1906, p. 165 [new name for C. 
tenera Dewey, Amer. Jour. Sci. VIII. 97. 1824—no locality]. 
Carex tenera Keller and Brown 88. 
Carex festucacea var. tenera Knieskern. 
Carex straminea var. foenea Britton 278. 
Frequent along the edge of the salt marshes on the coast. 
Fr—tLate May to early July. 


Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant, Spray Beach (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (LL), Pa- 
lermo, Piermont, Avalon, Holly Beach, Cold Spring. 


Carex hormathodes richii Fernald. Rich’s Sedge. 


Carex hormathodes var. Richii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 37. 1901-2. 475 
[Mass. and Conn.] 
Carex straminea var. foenea Britton 278 (as to inland localities). 
Occasional in swamps of the Middle district. 
Fr—tLate May to early July. 


Middle District—Delanco, Swedesboro. 


Carex alata Torr. Broad-winged Sedge. 
Pl. XXVL., Fig. 5. 


Carex alata Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. III. 306. 1836 [Newbern, N. C, 
Macon, Ga.].—Willis 70—Keller and Brown 88. 
Carex staminea var. alata Britton 278. 


Rather frequent in the Cape May district, the lower coast 
islands and lower Middle district. 
Fr.—Early June to early July. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Grenloch, Medford (S), Lindenwold (S), 
Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip.—Avalon, Piermont (S$), Holly Beach, Wildwood. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May. 


PLANT'S OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 313 


Carex albolutescens Schw. Greenish-white Sedge. 


Pl. XXVI., Fig. 6. 
Carex albolutescens Schweinitz, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. I. 66. 1824 [Carolina and 
Pennsylvania]—Keller and Brown 88. 
Frequent throughout our region, least common in the Middle 
district. 
Fr.—Early June into July and sparingly through the summer 
to as late as October. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delanco (S), Riverside, Med- 
ford (S), Lawnside (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Riddleton. 

Pine Barrens—tLakehurst, Clementon, Landisville (T), Winslow ace 
Egg Harbor City, Tuckerton to Atsion, Speedwell (S). 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Barnegat City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), 
Spray Beach (L), Sherburn’s (L), Somers Pt. Stone Harbor, Piermont, 
Holly Beach (S), Anglesea. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring, Whitesboro. 


Order ARALES. 


Inflorescence on a fleshy spadix, often surrounded by a hood- 
like spathe. Fleshy, water or swamp plants or minute, degener- 
ate floating plants. 


Family ARACEA®. Arums, Etc. 


Plants mainly of the Middle district, only one species, the 
Golden Club, is distinctly a Pine Barren species, while one other, 
the Arrow Arum, enters the region along the streams. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves oblong elliptic, often floating on the water, spadix naked 
yellow. Orontium, p. 317 

aa. Leaves sagittate or hastate, spadix enclosed in a slender green spathe. 
Peltandra, p. 315 

aaa. Leaves large, ovate cordate, spadix in an inflated green and maroon 


spathe, appearing before the leaves. Spathyema, p. 316 
aaaa. Leaves sword shaped, spadix naked from the side of a somewhat 
three-sided scape. Acorus, p. 317 


aaaaa. Leaves three to many parted, spadix surrounded by a green or purple 
striped spathe, and with a terminal projection beyond the inflorescence. 


314. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


b. Spathe funnel-like, open down the side, clear of the spadix alt 
around, top forming a flap which usually hangs over the tip of 
the spadix. Leaves three-parted. 

c. Top of spathe always drooping over, inside green or dark 
purplish or striped. Leaves glaucous beneath. 
Arisaema triphyllum, p. 314. 
cc. Top of spathe often erect, always uniform, dark purple within. 
Leaves not glaucous beneath. Averages much smaller than 
the preceding. A. pusillum, p. 314 
bb. Spadix long attenuate, reaching far beyond the tip of the spathe 
which is narrow and closely wrapped about it. Leaves 5-15 
parted. A, dracontium, p. 315 
ARISAEMA Martens. 
Ariszema triphyllum (L.).* Jack-in-the-Pulpit. 
XXXIX., Fig. 2. 
Arum triphyllum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 965. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Arisema triphyllum Knieskern 29.—Willis 58.—Britton 252. 

Common in damp woods in the Northern and Middle districts, 
and locally in the Cape May peninsula. 

The familiar Jack-in-the-Pulpit is one of those plants that 
disappears as soon as we enter the Pine Barrens. In northern 
and western Jersey we find it in damp woods associated with the 
Skunk Cabbage, Dog-toothed Violet, Spring Beauty and May 
Apple, but in the swamps of the Pine region not one of the 
group is to be found. 

Fl.—tlLate April to mid-May. 

Middle District Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Delancg, 
Pemberton, Delair, Camden (S$), Gloucester (P), Springdale (S), Medford, 
Washington Park, Woodbury, Sewell (S), Pensauken, Salem (C). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Cape May. 


Ariszema pusillum Peck. Dwarf Jack-in-the-Pulpit. 

Arisema pusillum Peck, Rep. N. Y. State Museum, 51. 297. [Millbrook, 

Dutchess Co., N. Y.]—Stone, Torreya, 1903. 171.—Keller and Brown 89. 

This little “Jack” occurs with the preceding, blooming a couple 
of weeks later. It is easily distinguished by its smaller size, 
more erect “flap” to the spathe, which is always deep purplish 
inside, and by the shiny green (not glaucous) under surface to 
the leaves. It was first noted in our district by Mr. Stewardson 
Brown at Clementon. 

Fl.—Early May to late June. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 315 


Middle District.—Farmingdale, Pensauken, Haddonfield (S$), Springdale 
(S), Medford, Pitman, Lindenwold (S), Tomlin (S), Clementon, Sickler- 
ville (S). 


Pine Barrens—Hammonton (P). 
Cape May.—Goshen (S), Cold Spring. 


Ariszema dracontium (L.). Green Dragon. 
Arwm Dracontium Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 964. 1753 [America]. 
Arisema dracontium Britton 253.—Keller and Brown 89. 

Local in meadows and low woodland in the northern coun- 
ties and rare in the upper part of the Middle district near the 
Delaware and in the lower Cape May peninsula. 

Fl.—Late May to early June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Bordentown (C), Haddonfield (C). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


PELTANDRA $Rafinesque. 
Peltandra virginica (L.). Green Arrow Arum. 
Pl. XXVIL, Fig. 2. 
Arum virginicum Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 966. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Peltandra virginica Knieskern 29.—Willis 58.—Britton 253. 

Plentiful, growing in water along the edges of all the rivers 
and tributary streams of the State. 

Along the muddy shores of the Delaware and the tidewater 
creeks below Philadelphia its broad arrow-shaped leaves are 
familiar, mingling with the similar but more delicate ones of the 
Sagittaria and the rounder ones of the big yellow Splatterdock, 
the three forming a sort of border to the beds of Wild Rice 
and Cat-tails. 

The flower, which resembles a very slender green calla lily, 
raises itself among the leaf stems for a short time, and then, as 
the seed develops, the stalk curves downward, drawing the pod 
beneath the water and burying it in the soft mud. 

Arrow Arums frequently follow the smaller streams far back 
toward their sources, and we come upon them sometimes even 
in the Cedar Swamps of the Pine Barrens where some of these 
tidewater or river associates have succeeded in penetrating. Mr. 
Ivar Tidestrom (Rhodora 1910. 47) proposes to separate two 
varieties based on leaf form, but I cannot regard them as any- 


316 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


thing but individual variations such as occur in Sagittaria and 
other similar plants. 

Fl.—Early June to late June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Birmingham, Pensauken (S$), 
Sicklerville (S), Camden (P). 

Pine Barrens.—Folsom, Pancoast (S), Forks of Batsto. 

Coast Strip—Toms River (NB), Forked River, Manahawkin. 

Cape May.—Goshen (S), Court House (S$), Bennett. 


SPATHYEMA Rafinesque. 
Spathyema feetida (L.). Skunk Cabbage. 
PL XXIX., Fig. 2; Pl. XXX. 
Dracontium fetidum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 967. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Symplocarpus fetidus Knieskern 30—Willis 58.—Britton 254. 

Frequent in swampy ground, especially in woods, throughout 
the Northern, Middle and Cape May districts. 

As early as February we may find the maroon spathes of the 
Skunk Cabbage pushing their noses out of the mud in some 
springhead where the ground is not deeply frozen, sometimes 
uniformly colored, sometimes streaked with yellowish green, and 
if we look inside we shall probably find a dust of pollen on the 
bottom of the chamber, showing that the plant is truly in bloom. 
It will be some weeks before the leaves begin to show themselves, 
and by that time the spathes will be pretty well withered or de- 
composed. Most plants that bloom very early make serious 
preparation the autumn before, and if we dig up a Skunk Cab- 
bage plant and slit open the base so as to expose the flower bud, 
we shall find everything in readiness long before winter sets in. 
A specimen in my collection from Medford, collected October 6, 
shows the spathe characteristically colored and already four 
inches high, with spadix half an inch in diameter and flowers 
fully formed. 

The Skunk Cabbage is not found in the Pine Barrens, though 
inasmuch as the boundary line is irregular, with interlacing arms, 
there is a narrow strip wherein plants of West Jersey and the 
Pines grow side by side, which has given rise to the few Pine 
Barren records. In the Cape May peninsula it reappears, but is 
apparently absent from the coast strip, as diligent search has. 
failed to detect it between Cape May Court House and Bay Head. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 317 


Fl.—February, or more rarely January (depending upon the 
openness of the winter and the individual habitat) to late March. 


Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale, Allaire, Pt. Pleasant, Borden- 
town, Delanco, Delaire, Merchantville, Morristown, Camden (Bassett), 
Medford (S$), Lawnside (S), Woodbury, Sumner, Glassboro, Mickleton (H), 
Yorktown, Sharpstown, Alloway. 

Cape May.—Court House, Dias Creek (S), Cold Spring. 


ORONTIUM L. 
Orontium aquaticum L. Golden Club. 


Orontium aquaticum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 324. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 169. 1818—Knieskern 30.—Willis 59.—Britton 253. 
—Keller and Brown 89. 

Bogs and ponds locally in the Northern and Middle districts, 
plentiful in the Pine Barrens; casual in the Cape May peninsula. 

The Golden Club is one of the attractions of the Pine Barrens 
in springtime, when the surface of the pools bristle with its 
brilliant, slender, orange-yellow spikes bordered below with white 
where they join the green stalks, and later we find the floating 
leaves with their peculiar velvety upper surface from which the 
water rolls off as from the proverbial duck’s back. 

Fl.—Early April to late May. 

Middle District—Delaire, Camden (P), Repaupo (H), Alloway, Wood- 
bury (P). : 

Pine Barrens—-Manchester (NB), Barnegat, Speedwell (S), Two miles 
north of Speedwell, Chatsworth, Bear Swamp (S), Albion, Landisville, 


Pleasant Mills, Forks of Batsto, Folsom, Pancoast. 
Cape May—West of Court House, Cold Spring (OHB). 


ACORUS L. 
Acorus calamus L. Calamus. 
Acorus calamus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 324. 1753 [Europe].—Knieskern 30.— 
Willis 59.—Britton 254. 

Swamps and wet meadows, frequent in the Northern and Mid- 
dle districts. Apparently rare elsewhere and perhaps introduced. 

Fl.—Early May to early July. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Delaire, Kinkora, Medford (S), Gibbsboro 
(S), Aura (S), Camden (P), Mickleton (H). | 

Pine Barrens—Pleasant Mills (T), Hammonton (Bassett). 


Coast Strip—Beach Haven Terrace (L). 
‘Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


318 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Family LEMNACEZ. Duckiweeds. 


Minute floating aquatic plants, consisting of a disc-like or 
globular thallus, often with thread-like roots below. Growth 
mostly by lateral branching, the branches soon separating and 
forming new plants. Flowers rare, consisting of either a single 
stamen or single pistil, appearing on the upper surface of the 
thallus. The smallest flowering plants known. Apparently 
absent from the Pine Barrens. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Frond disc-like, 2-8 mm. in diameter. 
b. Rootlets several, diameter of frond 3-8 mm. Spirodela polyrhiza, p. 318 
bb. Rootlet single. 
c. Frond round oval, diameter 2-5 mm. Lemna minor, p. 318 
cc. Frond pointed at one end, diameter 2-3 mm. 
Lemna perpusilla, p. 318 
aa. Frond globular, 7-1.5 mm. in diameter. Wolfla columbiana, p. 319 


SPIRODELA Schleiden. 


Spirodela polyrhiza (L.). Larger Duckweed. 


Limna polyrhiza Linneus, Sp. Pl. 970. 1753 [Europe].—Willis 59.—Britton 
258. 
Floating on the water in ponds, ditches, etc. Frequent in the 
Northern, Middle and Cape May districts. 
Middle District—Fish House, Delair, Medford (S), Mickleton (H). 
Cape May.—Green Creek. 


LEMNA L. 
Lemna minor L. Smaller Duckweed. 
Lemna minor Linneus, Sp. Pl. 970. 1753 [Europe]—Willis 59.—Britton 254. 
Frequent in the same situations as the last and with the same 
distribution. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Fish House, Delair, Blackwood (S$). 
Cape May.—Cape May. 
Lemna perpusilla Torr. 
Lemna purpusilla Torrey, Fl. N. Y. II. 245. 1843 [Pond on Staten Island]. 
Willis 59.—Britton 254. 
Similar situations; reported only from the Northern district 
and from one locality within our range, i. e., “Atlantic City— 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 319 


Diffenbaugh,” given in Dr. Britton’s Catalogue. We have been 
‘unable to verify this record or to locate the original specimens. 


WOLFFIA Horkel. 
Wolffia columbiana Karst. Columbian Wolffia. 
iWolfiia columbiana Karsten, Bot. Unters I. 103. 1865-67 [no locality given]. 
Willis 59.—Britton 255——Keller and Brown go. 

Middle district, extending to Bergen County. 

The little green discs of the Duckweed, with their slender 
‘rootlets hanging beneath, reproducing by branching and separa- 
tion from the parent disc and rarely found blossoming, seem far 
‘enough removed from our conception of a flowering plant, but 
the still more minute Wolffia is the extreme in this direction. 
‘The plants consist of minute green globules about a millimeter in 
diameter, which float just below the surface of the water. 


Middle District —Fish House, Kaighns Pt. (C), Bridgeport, Pedricktown 
‘((H), Jumbo (H). 


\ 


Order XYRIDALES. 


Monocotyledenous herbs, flowers usually regular, parts in 3’s 
‘or 6’s. Ovary compound, superior. Endosperm of seed mealy. 


Family XYRIDACEZZ. Yellow-eyed Grasses. 


Characteristic plants of the Pine Barren district. Three of the 
six species occur sporadically in the Middle and Cape May dis- 
‘tricts, and one other is restricted to the latter. 

The yellow flowers are quite showy, but only last a short time. 


XYRIS L. 


Key to the Species. 


-a. Base distinctly bulbous thickened. 
b. Lateral sepals projecting beyond the bracts and fringed. 
X. arenicola, p. 322 
bb. Lateral sepals not projecting beyond the bracts and not fringed. 
Bracts tightly imbricated even when ripe, uniform chestnut, heads 
nearly spherical. X. torta, p. 320 
aa, Base not bulbous thickened. 
b. Lateral sepals projecting beyond the bracts. Plants large, 6-9 dm. 
high, leaves 20 mm. broad. 


320 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


c. Sepals fringed. X. fimbriata, p. 322 
cc. Sepals not fringed, but slightly lacerate. 
d. Heads globular or ovoid. NX. congdoni, p. 320 


dd. Heads cylindrical, twice as long as thick or more. 
X. elata, p. 321 
bb. Lateral sepals not projecting beyond the scales. (This and the last 
easily distinguished from ftorta by the broad green central part to 
each scale). Plant smaller, less than 5 dm. high. 
X. caroliniana, p. 320 


Xyris torta J. E. Smith. Slender Yellow-eyed Grass. 


Nyris torta J. E. Smith, Rees, Cycl. 39 vol. 1819 [North America]. 
NXyris flexuosa Barton Fl. Phila. I. 25. 1818—Willis 66.—Britton 247. 
Nyris bulbosa Gray Man. Ed. I. 513. 1848. 

In swampy spots, locally in the northern counties and common 
throughout the region covered by this list. 

This species is more conspicuously twisted than the equally 
common X. caroliniana, the leaves being frequently spiral. 
Smith’s description certainly applies to this species and not to 
X. arenicola to which his name was so long applied. (cf. Harper, 
Torreya, 1905, 128). 

Fl.—Early July to late August. Mature Heads—tWLate July 
persisting into winter. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Florence, Camden, Paulsboro, Lindenwold, 
Swedesboro, Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Long Branch, Belmar (NY), Pt. Pleasant, Toms River (S),. 
Forked River, Seaside Park, Jones Mill (S), Parkdale (S), Pleasant Mills. 
(T), Main Road Sta., Pancoast (NB), Eighth St., Egg Harbor City, Bees-- 
ley’s Pt. (S), Palermo (S), Woodbine. ' 


Coast Strip—Holgate’s (1), Sherburn’s (L). 
Cape May.—Cape May (S), Town Bank. 


Xyris congdoni Small. Congdon’s Yellow-eyed Grass. 
Xx se a Small, Britton’s Manual, 2nd Ed. 1067. 1907 [So. Kingston, 
me 

Rather frequent in swamps of the Pine Barrens and occasional 
in the Middle and Cape May districts in isolated bogs. This. 
large species was confused with the smaller X. caroliniana in the 
past. It is closely allied to X. smallii of the south, but sufficiently 
distinct and apparently isolated from it geographically. 

Fl.—Mid-June to late August. Mature Heads.—Mid-July per- 
sisting into October. ) 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. a5 


Middle District—Repaupo, Center Square. 

Pine Barrens.—Near Williamstown, Woodmansie, Batsto, Bamber, Mana- 
hawkin, Pasadena, Chatsworth, Speedwell, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, 
Woodbine. 

Cape May.—Bennett. 


Xyris elata Chapm. Chapman’s Yellow-eyed Grass. 
Xyris elata Chapmann, Fl. So. States. 501. 1860 [W. Florida]. 


Rare and local, restricted to the lower part of the Cape May 
peninsula. The very large cylindrical head makes this species 
conspicuous. 

It was first detected in the State by Mr. Chas. S. Williamson. 

Dr. John K. Small identifies this plant as elata in a letter to 
Mr. Bayard Long, while specimens from the same spot, which I 
sent to Dr. B. L. Robinson, are regarded by him as rather aber- 
rant “X. smalliana.’” Judging from the lack of any connecting 
forms and the marked difference between these and X. congdoni 
as it occurs in New Jersey, I am inclined to adopt Dr. Smail’s 
view of their relationship. 

Fl.—Late July to late September. 

Mature Heads —Late August, persisting into November. 


Cape May.—Bennett. 


Xyris caroliniana Walter. Carolina Yellow-eyed Grass. 


Xyris Caroliniana Walter, Fl. Car. 69. 18 [Carolina]. 

Xyris Caroliniana Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. I. 33. 1814.—Knieskern 33.—Willis 
66.—Gray, Man. Ed. I. 513. 1848.—Britton 247.—Keller and Brown oI. 

Xyris brevifolia Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 97. 1818. 

Xyris flexuosa var. pusilla Britton 247. 

Xyris montana Taylor, Torreya 1909, 260. 


Frequent throughout the Pine Barren, Middle and Cape May 
districts. 

Easily distinguished from X. torta by the absence of a bulbous 
swelling at the base of the plant. Both species vary in size, and 
very minute examples, only a few inches high, are responsible 
for the records of X. montana. Mr. Norman Taylor tells me 
that the Torrey specimens recorded by Dr. Britton and himself 
and by Mr. Heinrich Ries,* as montana (= pusilla) are caro- 


* Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 19. 38. 
21 MUS 


322 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


liniana, and I have myself examined Dr. Peters’ Mays Landing 
specimens and find them to be the same. 

Fl.—Mid-July to early September. Mature H eads. —Mid- 
August persisting into October. 

Middle District—Florence, Delanco (S), Kaighns Pt, Center Square, 
Repaupo, Tomlin, Washington Park (S), Haddonfield (S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Long Branch, Asbury Park, Pt. Pleasant, Avon, Toms 
River (NY), Forked River, Waretown, Manchester (NB), Parkdale, Pleas- 
ant Mills, Hammonton, Ballengers Mills, Egg Harbor City. 

Coast Strip—Harvey Cedars (L), Spray Beach (L), Ship Bottom (L). 

Cape May.—Bennett, Court House. 


Xyris fimbriata Ell.* Fringed Yellow-eyed Grass. 


Xyris fimbriata Elliot Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 52. 1816 [Georgia].—Darlington, 
Fl. Cestrica 12. 1837-—-Gray Man. Ed. I. 514. 1848—Knieskern 33.— 
Willis 66.—Britton 248—Keller and Brown 91. 


Swamps of the Pine Barrens, apparently not very common. 
El.—Mid-July to early September. Mature Heads——Mid- 
August, persisting through September. 


Pine Barrens—Manchester (C), Jones Mill (S), Speedwell, Jackson (P), 
Hammonton (C), Quaker Bridge, Parkdale, Egg Harbor City, Eighth St. 


Xyris arenicola Small.+ Twisted Yellow-eyed Grass. 


Xyris arenicola Small, Southern Flora, 234 (mew name for X. torta Kunth 
nec Smith). [North America.] 

Xyris torta Gray, Man. Ed. V. 548. 1867.jWillis 66.—Britton 248. 

Xyris conocephala Keller and Brown o1. 


Dry sand, Pine Barren region, apparently only once collected 
in the past, by D. C. Eaton, near Batsto, in 1860. Gray quotes 
“near Batsto, D. C. Eaton,” in the fifth edition of the Manual, 
and Prof. Fernald writes me that there are two sheets in the 
Gray Herbarium bearing printed labels “In vicinis Quaker 


*C. D. Lippincott’s specimen from Repaupo, quoted by Keller and Brown, 
proves to be X. congdoni, and Jahn’s record from Paulsboro was doubtless 
the same, authough no specimen was preserved. 


+In Britton’s catalogue it is recorded from Taunton, on authority of Dr. 
J. Stokes, and Keller and Brown quote Woodmansie and Forked River (Heri- 
tage) and Hammonton (Crawford). There are no specimens to substantiate 
these records, however, and subsequent search has failed to discover the 
species at these localities. In view of the frequent misidentification of species 
of this genus it seems safe to reject them, especially as the three gentlemen 
responsible for the records concur in this opinion. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. aor 


Bridge Nov. Caes. coll. D. C. Eaton, 1860,” on one of which 
Eaton has written “Batsto in arenosis.” Mr. Norman ‘Taylor 
writes me that there is a similar sheet in the herbarium of the N. 
Y. Botanical Garden. 

Just as the report is going to press I have the satisfaction of 
reporting the rediscovery of the plant in New Jersey. On July 
19, 1911, Mr. Stewardson Brown, in company with Mr. Bayard 
Long and the writer, found a patch of this Xyris not far from 
where the Batsto River crosses the New Jersey Central Railroad 
above Atsion. The plants were growing in sand, not in wet 
spots, to which the other species are so partial. They were 
sheathed below, forming the characteristic long bulb-like base. 
The plants grew several together, the “bulbs” somewhat spirally 
twisted around one another or arranged in a circle around what 
had apparently been the location of old plants now dead and 
rotted away—resembling the base of a tussock. At the date of 
discovery they were only in bud. 

Pine Barrens—Batsto (Gray Herb. and NY), Atsion. 


Family ERIOCAULACE. Pipeworts. 


Typical Pine Barren bog plants, two of which reach their 
northern limit in this region. Parker’s Pipewort is restricted to 
the muddy river shores of the Middle district where it is the 
representative of the Seven-angled Pipewort of the bogs. It is 
the only one to occur outside the Pine Barrens and Cape May 
region. 

ERIOCAULON L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves obtuse at the tip, scape 3-9 dm. high. E. decangulare, p. 325 


aa. Leaves sharp pointed. 
-b. Heads over 6-12 mm. in diameter, chaff (bracts among the flowers) 


obtuse, scapes 1.5-9 dm. high, leaves not over 1.2 dm. long. 
E. compressum, p. 324 


bb. Heads not over 6 mm. in diameter, chaff acute, scapes not over 2 dm. 


high, usually much less. 
c. Mature heads 5-9 mm. broad, depressed globose. 
E. septangulare, p. 324 
cc. Mature heads 3-4 mm. broad, surrounded by a campanulate in- 
volucre. E. parkeri, p. 324: 


Flowering Data.—Dates given cover the period when well 
expanded heads of flowers or of intact fruit occur. 


324 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Eriocaulon septangulare With. Seven-angled Pipewort. 
Pl. XXVIII, Fig. 1. 


Eriocaulon septangulare Withering, Bot. Arr. Britt., pl. 784. 1776 [Isle of 
Skye].—Knieskern 33.—Willis 67.—Britron 260.—Keller and Brown ot. 
Eriocaulon pellucidum Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. I. 92. 1814. 


Ponds and bogs of the Pine Barrens and locally in lakes of the 
northern counties. 

This species is subject to great variation in size and character 
of foliage according to habitat. In submerged specimens the 
leaves become well developed, nearly or quite a foot (3 dm.), 
with scapes about as long. In others the leaves are only half the 
length of the scape, while plants on the edge of a pond or bog 
are often only 75-100 mm. in height, with leaves 25-25 mm. 
long, exceedingly dwarfed specimens reaching a height of only 
25-50 mm. &. decangulare never develops the long floating 
leaves of E. septangulare, and so far as I can ascertain E. com- 
pressum does not do so either. 

Fl.—Early July to early October. 


Pine Barrens—Pt. Pleasant (Mackenzie), Manchester (NY), Bamber, 
Toms River (S), Island Hts. Jnc. (NY), Waretown, Speedwell (S), Clem- 
enton, Hammonton (NB), Twelfth St. Folsom, Egg Harbor City, Absecon. 


Eriocaulon parkeri Robinson. Parker’s Pipewort. 


Eriocaulon Parkeri Robinson, Rhodora V. 175. 1905 [Camden].—Keller and 
Brown 92.—Long, Bartonia II. 20. 1910. 


Tidewater mud banks of western New Jersey, local. First 
recognized by Dr. Robinson as distinct from the last and de- 
scribed from a specimen collected at the mouth of Cooper’s Creek 
on the Delaware, by the late Chas. F. Parker (1820-1883), one 
of the best informed botanists on the Pine Barrens of New Jer- 
sey.* 

Fl.—Late July, into October or November. 


Miiddle District—Bordentown, Morris, Fish House, Camden ab. Cooper’s 
Creek, Red Bank, Millville. 
Coast—Mullica River above Crowleytown. 


Eriocaulon compressum Lam. Flattened Pipewort. 


Pl. LXIV., Fig. 2. 


Eriocaulon compressum Lamarck, Encycl. III. 276. 1879 [So. Carolina]. 
Keller and Brown 92. 


*Cf. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1883, p. 260, for biography. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 325 
Eriocaulon gnaphalodes Willis 67—Gray Man. Ed. II. 489. 1858.—Britton 
259. 

Wet swamps in the Pine Barrens and Cape May district; 
frequent. 

The early flowering, large grayish heads and short leaves dis- 
tinguish this fine species from the preceding, while E. septangu- 
lare is usually smaller and later in flowering. 

Fl.—Mid-May to late June, rarely into July. 

Pine Barrens——Toms River, Forked River, Speedwell, Berlin, Jackson, 
Eighth St. (NY), Hammonton (Bassett), Quaker Bridge, Pleasant Mills 
(S), Pancoast, Manumuskin (S), Franklinville (P), Atsion (P), Elmer (P), 


Egg Harbor City (P) 
Cape May.—Bennett. 


Eriocaulon decangulare L. Ten-angled Pipewort. 


Pl. XXVIIL, Fig. 2. 


Eriocaulon decangulare Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 87. 1753 [North America]—Pursh 
Flor. Amer. Sept. I. 91. 1814—Gray Man. Ed. I. 515. 1848.—Knies- 
kern 33.—Willis 67——Britton 259.—Keller and Brown 92. 


Pine Barren swamps, the most plentiful species, extending to 
the edge of the salt meadows at certain points, and also to the 
Cape May district. 

Fl.—Mid-July to early October. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Montclair (NB), Toms River (NY), Forked 
River (NB), Island Hts., West Creek, Tuckerton, Jones Mill (S), Speedwell 
(S), High Bridge (S), Bear Swamp (S), Berlin (KB), Atco, Cedar Brook, 
Hammonton, Atsion, Landisville (NY), Parkdale (S), Quaker Bridge, Bat- 
sto (S), Forks of Batsto, Egg Harbor City, Folsom Twelfth St., Eighth St. 
(T), Mays Landing (H), Weymouth (NY), Beesleys Pt. (H), Manumuskin 


(S), Ocean View (S), Bel. Palermo, Dennisville (OHB). 
Cape May.—Dias Creek. 


Family COMMELINACEA‘. Spiderworts. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Perfect stamens, 3, rarely 2, bracts spathe-like. 


b. Margins of spathe united. Cammelina hirtella, p. 326 
_bb. Margins of spathe free, flowers blue. C. communis, p. 326 
aa. Perfect stamens, 6, rarely 5, bracts leaf-like Tradescantia, p. 325 


TRADESCANTIA L. 
Tradescantia virginiana L. Spiderwort. 


Tradescantia virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 288. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 
33.—Britton 248. 


326 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Perhaps native along the upper Delaware in the Middle dis- 
trict, but for the most part, if not entirely, an escape from 
cultivation. 

Fl.—tLate May to mid-June. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Bordentown (C), Swedesboro (C), Salem 
(C). 

COMMELINA L. 
Commelina communis L. Common Spiderwort. 


Commelina communis Linneus, Sp. Pl. I. 40. 1753 [America]. 


Frequent in the Northern and Middle districts, and locally on 
the coast; largely if not entirely introduced as a weed. 

All alleged records of C. virginica from our district prove to 
be this. 

Fl.—Early August to late September. 


Middle District.—Beverly (C), Kinkora (NY), Fish House, Merchantville 
(C), Moorestown (C), Kaighns Pt. Haddonfield (S$), Oaklyn (5), Lawn- 
side (S), Woodbury (C), Pennsgrove (C). 

Coast Strip—Beach Haven (L), Atlantic City (NB), Pleasantville (NY). 


Commelina hirtella Vahl. 
Commelina hirtella Vahl., Enumerat. 2. 166. 1806 [new name for C. longi- 
folia Mich., nec Lam.—Virginia]. 
Very rare in the Middle district. Collected by Chas. E. Smith 
at Kaighns Point many years ago. 
Middle District—Kaighns Pt. 


Family PONTEDERIACE. Pickerel Weeds, etc. 


Several water plants of very dissimilar general appearance 
belong here. They all agree in having six-parted flowers, which 
grow singly or several to many together in a sheath or spathe, 
which is leaf-like, often covering only the base of the spike. 

Only the Pickerel Weed enters the Pine Barrens. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves ovate, cordate sagittate, flowers in an exposed spike, blue. 
Pontederia, p. 327 
aa. Leaves uniform, flowers inconspicuous, whitish or bluish. 
FHeteranthera reniformis, p. 327 
aaa. Leaves floating, grass-like; flowers star-like, yellow. Hi. dubia, p. 327 


PLAN'S OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 327 


PONTEDERIA L. 


Pontederia cordata L. Pickerel Weed. 
Pl. XXVIL, Fig. L. 


Pontederia cordata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 288. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 33.— 
Willis 66.—Britton 246. 

Frequent in water along streams throughout the State, extend- 
ing well back into the heart of the Pine Barrens. ‘The variety 
angustifolia Pursh seems to be merely an extreme leaf from 
such as we find in Sagittaria and other aquatic plants. 

Fl.—Late June to mid-September. 

Middle District—Pensauken (S), Hartford, Fish: House, Medford (S), 
Salem (S), Centerton (S), Franklinville (P). 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (S), Speedwell (S), Pleasant Mills, Quaker 


Bridge (C), Hammonton (Bassett), Eighth St., Manumuskin (S). 
Cape May.—Timber and Beaver Creek (S), Cape May. 


HETERANTHERA Ruiz and Pavon. 
Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pavon. Mud Plantain. 


Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz and Pavon, Fl. Per. I. 43. 1708 [Cercado, 
Peru].—Barton Fl. Phila. I. 23. 1818.—Willis 66—Britton 247. 


Northern and Middle districts on muddy river banks and 
borders of ponds and ditches, frequent. In our area reported 
only from the shores of the Delaware. 

Fl.—Early July into September. 

Middle District—Bordentown, Delair, Kaighns Pt. Bridgeport (NB), 
Salem Co. (C). 


Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.). Water Star Grass. 


Commelina dubia Jacquin, Obs. Bot. II. 9, pl. 59. 1768 [Virginia] —Britton 
247. 
Streams and lakes of the Northern district, rarely in the Dela- 
ware within our limits. 
Fl.—Late July into September. 


Middle District-—Delaware River, Camden Co. (NB). 


328 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Order LILIALES. 


Differs from the previous order in having the endsperm of 
the seed fleshy or horny. 


Family JUNCACEA®. Rushes. 


Grass-like plants often popularly confused with the sedges, 
but easily distinguished by the fact that they have perfect flowers 
with three acute stiff petals and three similar sepals which per- 
sist around the nearly spherical or cylindrical seed capsule. 
Seeds abundant, very minute (spore like), often with an 
elongated “tail” at each end. Common mostly in damp ground 
or in water throughout our region. 

Flowering or Fruiting Data—The time of year noted in- 
dicates the season when the capsules are full-grown (but not 
necessarily mature), through the period of dehiscence (i. ¢., as 
Jong as there are present undehisced capsules). 


Key to the Species. 


a. Plant not hairy, leaf sheaths open. 
b. Inflorescence apparently growing from the side of the scape, not 
from the end (the part above the inflorescence is really the involucral 
leaf which is terete and appears exactly like a continuation of the 


scape). c 
c. Sheaths at base of the scape leafless. Juncus effusus, p. 320 
cc. Sheaths, or at least the inner one, bearing long terete scape-like 

leaves. J. setaceus, p. 332 


bb. Inflorescence obviously terminal. 
c. Leaves flat or somewhat terete, never septate. 
d. Flowers inserted singly on the branches of the inflorescence, 
each with a small bract. 
e. Annual, root fibrous, inflorescence more than one-third the 
height of the plant. J. bufonius, p. 330 
ee. Perennial, from a root-stock, inflorescence not one-third 
the height of the plant. 
f. Leaves flat or somewhat involute in drying. 
g. Cauline leaves 1-2, perianth parts obtuse, salt 
meadow species. J. gerardi, p. 330 
gg. Cauline leaves none, perianth parts acute, inland 
species. J. tenuis, p. 331 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 329 


ff. Leaves terete, channeled along the upper surface. 
g. Capsule not longer than the perianth. 
J. dichotomus, p. 331 
gg. Capsule distinctly longer than the perianth. 
J. greeniti, p. 331 
dd. Flowers without individual bracts, collected in heads, leaves 
flat. 
e. Stamens exserted in fruit, plant 4-10 dm. high. 
J. aristulatus, p. 332 
ee. Stamens not exserted in fruit, plant 2-7 dm. high. 
f. Perianth plainly exceeded by the capsule. 
J. greenti, p. 331 
ff. Perianth not exceeded by the capsule. 
J. marginatus, p. 332 
cc. Leaf-blade hollow terete, and provided with septa at regular 
intervals. 
d. Stamens six, one opposite each part of the perianth. 
e. Heads containing 1 or rarely 2 flowers. J. pelocarpus, p. 333 
ee. Heads containing 2 to many flowers. 
f. Epidermis rough with minute tubercles. 
J. cesariensis, p. 334 


ff. Epidermis smooth. 
g. Plants with submerged capillary leaves in addition 
to the normal ones. J. militaris, p. 333 
gg. Plants without capillary leaves. J. articulatus, p. 334 
dd. Stamens three. 
e. Capsule obtuse or acute, not subulate pointed. 
J. canadensis, p. 335 
f. Seeds large, 1-1.8 mm. long. 
* ff. Seeds 0.4-0.5 mm. long. 
g. Tip of capsule exceeding the calyx. J. debilis, p. 336 
gg. Capsule shorter than the calyx. J. acuminatus, p. 336 
ee. Capsule tapering to a slender subulate point. 
J. scripoides, p. 335 
aa. Plant somewhat hairy, leaf sheaths closed. Juncoides campestre, p. 336 


JUNCUS L. 
Juncus effusus L. Common Rush. 
Pl. XXXL, Fig. 4. 
Juncus effusus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 326. 1753 [Europe]—Knieskern 33.— 
Willis 65.—Britton 249. 
Juncus conglomeratus Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 170. 1818.—Britton 249. 

Common in swamps throughout the State. 

This is probably the most familiar species of Juncus, easily 
distinguished from the other common species by its lateral, more 
or less congested, inflorescence. 

Full-grown Capsules—Mid-June to mid-July. 


330 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Haddonfield (C), Medford (S), Camden 
(P), Union Grove (S), Yorktown. : 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville (1), Winslow Jnc., Folsom, Atsion (NB), Egg 
Harbor City. ; 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park (HA), Barnegat City* (L), Beach Haven 
Terrace* (L). 


Juncus bufonius L.; Toad Rush. 


PL XXXL, Fig. 2. 


Juncus bufonius Linneus, Sp. Pl. 328. 1753 [Europe]—Knieskern 33.— 
Willis 66—Britton 249. 


In moist places throughout the State except in the Pines. 
Fyll-grown Capsules——Late May into July. 


Middle District—Medford (S), Mickleton (H). 
Coast Strip—Atlantic City, Piermont (S), Spray Beach (L). 
Cape May.—Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). 


Juncus gerardi Lois. Black Grass. 


Pl. XXXI, Fig. 3. 


Juncus Gerardi Loiseleur Deslongchamps, Journ. de Bot. II. 284. 1809. 
[Provence, France]—Willis 66.—Britton 249—Keller and Brown 95. 
Juncus bulbosus Gray Man. Ed. II. 483. 1858. 


Salt marshes, abundant. 
Full-grown Capsules —Mid-June to mid-July. 


Maritime —Seaside Park (Hor), Pt. Pleasant, Barnegat City Jnc. (L), 
Spray Beach (L), Peahala (L), Atlantic City (NB), Ocean City (S), Estel- 
ville (T), Piermont (S), Cold Spring (S). ‘ 


* These specimens have been identified by Prof. Fernald and Mr. Wiegand 
as var. solutus and one from Egg Harbor City as var. conglomeratus. 


+ We can find no New Jersey specimens of J. marvitimus or J. roemerianus, 
and their inclusion in the New Jersey flora seems to rest wholly upon a state- 
ment of Pursh (FI. Amer. Sept. I. 235. 31814). He gives “Juncus acutus 
on the sandy seacoast New Jersey, &c.” In the first edition of Gray’s Manual 
this record is quoted under Juncus maritimus, while in the fifth edition and 
earlier in Trans. St. Louis Acad. II. 439, 1866, Engelmann shows that the J. 
maritimus of American authors is really J. roemerianus, which he continues 
to cite from New Jersey. Prof. M. L. Fernald, who corroborates the above, 
also calls my attention to this statement by Englemann (Trans. St. Louis 
Acad. II. 4g0)—“The New Jersey locality rests on the doubtful authority of 
Pursh; I have seen no specimens collected farther north than Wilmington, 
N. Cc.” As no one has found it in the State subsequently, I think we may 
safely expunge it from the list. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 331 


Juncus tenuis Willd. Slender Rush. 
PI. XXXL, Fig. 1. 


Juncus tenuis Willdenow, Sp. Pl. II. 214. 1799 [North America] —Willis 

66.—Britton 250. 

Plentiful throughout, usually in low shady ground, except in 
the Pine Barrens, where it apparently does not occur except 
rarely as a weed. 

Full-grown Capsules—Mid-May to mid-July. 

Middle District—Allaire (NY), Farmingdale (NY), Ortley (NY), Lawn- 
side (S), Albion, Yorktown (S). 
Pine Barrens.—andisville (T). 


Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Spray Beach (L), West Creek, Palermo (S$). 
Cape May.—Bennett (S). 


Juncus greenei Oakes and Tuckerm. Greene’s Rush. 
Juncus Greenet Oakes and Tuckerman, Amer. Jour. Sci. 45. 37. 1843 
[Tewkesbury, Mass.]. 

Reported from Middlesex and Sussex Counties in Britton’s 
Catalogue, and collected at New Egypt by Mr. Norman Taylor, 
August 23, I9Io. 

Middlesex District—New Egypt (NY). 


Juncus dichotomus Ell.* Forked Rush. 


Pl. XXXL, Fig. 7. 


Juncus dichotomus Elliott, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 406. 1817 [prob. S$. C.] 
Willis 66—Britton 250.—Keller and Brown 95. 


Plentiful throughout our range in moist sandy ground, not 
reported from the northern counties, 
Full-grown Capsules—Late June to late July. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Timber Creek (KB), Haddonfield (P), 
Medford (S), Lindenwold, Sicklerville (S), Swedesboro, Yorktown (S), 
Elmer (P). 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (NY), Forked River, Speedwell, Chatsworth 
(S), Atsion, Quaker Bridge, Landisville, Spring Garden (P), Dennisville 


(P). 


* Juncus secundus “Beauv.” (Poiret Encycl. Sup. IIT. 160. 1813), is reported 
from one station in Warren Co., and given in Britton’s Catalogue on author- 
ity of C. F. Parker as occurring in Gloucester Co. Parker’s specimen is 
preserved in his herbarium at Princeton and is labeled “J. tenuis approaching 
secundus,” which seems to be a very proper disposal of it. 


332 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Seabright, Sherburn’s (L), Atlantic 
City (P), Stone Harbor, Holly Beach (KB). 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Cape May. 


Juncus setaceus Rostk. Awl-leaved Rush. 
Pl. XXXI., Fig. 8. 
Juncus setaceus Rostkovius, Diss. Junc. 13, pl. 1, £ 2. 180r [Pennsylvania 
(=N. J.?].—Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila 1908. 458. 

Moist ground in the Cape (May district; frequent. 

An unidentified specimen collected by Mr. Jos. Crawford in 
Cape May Co., July 15, 1892, was found by the writer in the 
herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy, and subsequent field 
work showed it to be of frequent occurrence, though local. 

Full-grown Capsules.—Mid-July into Autumn or even winter. 


Cape May.—Court House, Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May. 


Juncus marginatus Rostk. Grass-leaved Rush. 
Pl. XXXL, Fig. 5. 


Juncus marginatus Rostkovius, Diss. Junc. 38, pl. 2, f. 3. 1801 [Pennsyl- 
vania].—Willis 65.—Britton 249. 
Juncus marginatus var. paucicapitatus Engelm., Tr. St. Louis Acad. II. 4gs. 
1868.—Britton 249. 
Common, in open moist ground in the Northern and Middle 
districts, less frequent elsewhere. 
Full-grown Capsules——Late June to late July. 
Middle District—Hornerstown, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Medford, Wood- 
bury, Beaver Dam. * 
Pine Barrens—WLakehurst, Chatsworth, Pleasant Mills (T), Landisville, 
Pancoast ($8). 
Coast Strip—Waretown, Spray Beach (LL), West Creek (CM), Court 
House (S), Cape May (S), 


Juncus aristulatus Michx. Bristly Rush. 
Pl. XXXL, Fig. 6. 


Juncus aristulatus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 192. 1803 [Georgia and Caro- 
lina]. 

Juncus marginatus aristulatus Keller and Brown 95. 

Juncus marginatus var. biflorus Britton 249. 

Plentiful in bogs and swamps of the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May district, extending out frequently to the edge of the salt 
marshes and on the coast islands. 

Full-grown Capsules.—Early July to early August. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 333 


Pine Barrens.—Pt. Pleasant (S), Hanover, Bamber, Forked River, Pasa- 
dena (NB), Landisville, Atsion, Parkdale (S), Hammonton, Folsom, Egg 
Harbor City (P), Woodbine (S), Dennisville. 

Coast Strip—Sea Bright (NB), Deal, Waretown, Manahawkin, West 
Creek (S), N. Beach Haven (L), Holgates (L,), Atlantic City (C), Abse- 
con (S$), Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Beaver Dam. 

Cape May.—Court House, Whitesboro (S), Cold Spring, Bennett, Cape 
May. 


Juncus pelocarpus E. Meyer. Proliferous Rush. 
Pl. XXXII. Fig. 6. 


Juncus pelocarpus E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 30 [Massachusetts]—Willis 66.— 

Britton 250.—Keller and Brown 06. 

Juncus conradi Tuckermann, Torrey Fl. N. Y. II. 328. 

Rare and local in the Northern and Middle districts and 
plentiful in Cedar Swamps and bogs of the Pine Barrens and 
Cape May peninsula. 

Full-grown Capsules.—Late August to late September; good 
mature capsules with seeds quite rare, flowers frequently pro- 
liferous. 

Middle District—Crosswicks, Delanco (S), Center Sq. (H). 

Pine Barrens.—Pt. Pleasant, Lakehurst (NB), Toms River (S), Pasadena, 
West Creek, Speedwell (S), Berlin, Jackson, Landisville (T), Hammonton 
(S), opp. Crowleytown, Egg Harbor City, Pancoast, Weymouth (T), Mays 
Landing (S), Absecon (S), Tuckahoe (S), Palermo, Dennisville (S$). 

Coast Strip—Harvey Cedars (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Ship Bottom (L), 
Sherburn’s (L), Brant Beach (L). 

Cape May.—Dias Creek (S$). 

Juncus militaris Bigel. Bayonet Rush. 
Pl. XXXII, Fig. 4. 


Juncus militaris Bigelow, Fl. Bost. Ed. II. 139. 1824 [Tewksbury, Mass.]— 
Knieskern 33.—Willis 66—Englemann Trans. St. Louis Acad. II. 460. 
1868.—Gray Man. Ed. I. 1848. 

Common in the streams of the Pine Barrens, and rare and 
local in the northern counties. ‘This species is especially inter- 
esting from the curious submersed thread-like leaves that grow 
from the root stalk and which are spread out in the current like 
masses of waving hair. 

In a dam at Fairton, Cumberland Co., I found long non-fruit- 
ing stems of a Juncus growing in deep water, which I have no 
doubt belonged to this species, probably washed down from the 
Pine Barrens of the interior. 


334 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Full-grown Capsules—Late July or August (apparently). 
Good mature capsules with seeds apparently very rare. 


Pine Barrens-—Manchester (P), Toms River, Pasadena, Speedwell, Chats- 
worth, Cedar Lake (T), Quaker Bridge (NB), Atsion, Twelfth St. (T), 
Weymouth (T), Mays Landing (NB).* 

Cape May.—Seaville (C). 


Juncus articulatus L. Jointed Rush. 


Juncus articulatus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 327. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 250.— 
Keller and Brown 96. 
Along the edge of the salt marsh on the coastal islands and 
the mainland, apparently rather frequent. 
Full-grown Capsules.—Mid-June to early August. 
Coast Swrip—Ortley (NY), Mantoloking (NY), Forked River, Barne- 


gat City Jnc. (L), Beach Haven (L), Spray Beach (L), Ocean City, Palermo, 
Piermont (S), Cold Spring. 


Juncus czesariensis Coville. New Jersey Rush. 


Pl. XXXIL, Fig. s. 

Juncus cesariensis Coville, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club V. 106. 1894 [new name 
for J. asper Engelm., Quaker Bridge, N. J.]—Keller and Brown 96. 
Juncus asper Engelmann Trans. St. Louis Acad. II. 478. 1868.—Willis 66.— 

Britton 251. 

Bogs and cedar swamps of the Pine Barrens and formerly at 
one station in western New Jersey. Not known to grow outside 
of the State. 

This, our only rough-stemmed Juncus, is characteristic of deep 
cedar swamps mainly on the eastern side of the Pine Barrens. It 
was first discovered by Dr. Pickering, near Quaker Bridge. The 
occurrence at Griffith's Swamp (locality now destroyed) is one 
of the most striking illustrations of isolated colonies of Pine 
Barren plants in the Middle district. 

Full-grown Capsules.—Late August into October. 

Middle District—Griffith’s Swamp. 

Pine Barrens.—Toms River (NY), Bamber, Forked River, Dover Forge, 


Waretown, Chatsworth, Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Forks of Batsto, Pancoast, 
near Landisville (NY). 


*The record for Stafford Forge attributed to the writer in Keller and 
Brown’s list was an error, and I have no specimens from there, though it 
probably occurs in the vicinity. Mr. C. D. Lippincott tells me that the same 
is true of the Browns Mills record attributed to him. 


PLANT'S OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 335 


Juncus scirpoides Lam. Scirpus-like Rush. 


Pl. XXXIL, Fig. 3. 


Juncus scirpoides Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. Bot. III. 267. 1789 [South Caro- 
lina—Knieskern 33.—Willis 66—Englemann Tr. St. L. Acad. II. 467. 
1868.—Brittcn 251.—Keller and Brewn 06. : 

Juncus scirpoides var. macrostylus Englemann T'r. St. L,, Acad, II. 463. 1868. 


Rare northward and in the Pine Barrens, but common in 
swampy ground elsewhere. 


Full-grown Capsules.—Late August to late September or early 
October. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Haddonfield (S), Lindenwold, Mickleton 
(H), Swedesboro (KB), Centerton (S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Bamber, Landisville (T), Hammonton (T), Mays Land- 
ing (S). 

Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant, Spray Beach (L), So. Atlantic City (P), Ocean 
City (S$), Piermont (S), Wildwood (NY). 

Cape May—Dennis (S), Bennett, Cold Spring, Cape May (S). 


Juncus canadensis J. Gay. Canada Rush. 


Pl. XXXII, Fig. 2. 
J[uncus] Canadensis “J. Gay,’ Laharpe, Mem. Soc, Hist. Nat. Paris III. 
134. 1827 [Canada.]—Britton 251W—Keller and Brown 06. 
Juncus Canadensis longicaudatus Willis 66. 


Swamps, common throughout the State. 
Full-grown Capsules—Late August into October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Florence, Delanco, Hartford, Westmont (S), 
Lawnside, Griffth’s Swamp, Lindenwold, Medford, Tomlin, Clarksboro, 
Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Clementon, Weekstown, Whitings (NY), Pleasant Mills, 
Quaker Bridge, Landisville, Ocean City Jnc. 

Coast Strip.—Deal, Pt. Pleasant, Forked River, Toms River (NY), Ware- 
town, Barnegat City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), 
Absecon (S), Ocean City, Palermo, C. M. Court House, Holly Beach, Cold 
Spring. - 

Cape May.—Two mi. W. of Ct. House (S), Sluice Creek (S). 


Juncus canadensis subcaudatus Engelm. 


Juncus Canadensis subcaudatus Engelmann, Trans. St. L. Acad IT. 474. 
1868 [Connecticut to Georgia, incl. New Jersey].—Britton 251.—Keller 
and Brown 96. 

Landisville (Gross) and Camden (Parker). Specimens in 

Gross’ collection seem to be J. debilis, but possibly the label has 


336 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. : 
been misplaced. Parker’s specimens are at Princeton and appear 
to be this form, but I have not examined them critically. 


Middle District—Red Bank (NY), identified by Dr. Britton. 


Juncus acuminatus Michx. Sharp-fruited Rush. 
Pl. XXXII, Fig. 1. 
Juncus acuminatus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 192. 1803 [South Carolina] — 
Britton 250—Keller and Brown 96. 

Swamps, rather frequent throughout. apparently least common 
in the Pine Barrens. 

Full-grown Capsules—Early June to late June, rarely spo- 
radically through the summer. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Andrew’s, Glassboro (S), Centerton (S), 
Riddleton, Swedesboro, Griffith’s Swamp (P). 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville, Winslow Jnc. (S), Spring Garden (P), Mal- 
aga (P). 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (NB), Surf City (L), Beach Haven Terrace 


(L), Spray Beach (L), West Creek, Holly Beach, C. M. Court House (S), 
Cold Spring, Cape May. 


Juncus debilis Gray. Weak Rush. 


Juncus debilis Gray Man. 506. 1848 (“southward” and “westward” ]. 
Juncus acuminatus var. debilis Willis 66—Englemann Tr. St. L. Acad. IT. 
463. 1868.—Britton 250.—Keller and Brown 96. 

Rather frequent in the Pine Barren and Cape May districts 
and rare in the Middle district. 

Full-grown Capsules.—Mid-June into September. 

Middle District—Haddonfield, Griffith’s Swp., Riddleton, Haleyville (P). 

Pine Barrens.—Double Trouble, Manahawkin, Tuckerton, Pancoastville 


(T), Atsion (P), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, Palermo, Dennisville. 
Cape May.—Whitesboro, Bennett.* 


JUNCOIDES Adanson. 


Juncoides campestre (L.). Wood Rush. 
Juncus campestris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 329. 1753 [Europe]. 
Luzula campestris Knieskern 33—Britton 251. 
Common in woods in the Northern and upper Middle districts 
and occasional on the coastal strip. 
Fl.—Late April to early May. Fr.—Mid-May to late May. 


* The records in Keller and Brown for Center Square and Atsion prove to 
be J. pelocarpus, that for Brown’s Mills remains unverified. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 337 


Middle District—Freehold (NY), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, 
Kinkora, Delanco, Delaire, Birmingham, Moorestown, Medford (S), Cam- 
den (Bassett), Wenonah, Sewell (S), Glassboro, Mickleton, Quinton. 

Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant (S), Barnegat City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), 
Palermo, Cold Spring. 


Family MELANTHACE. Bunch-flowers, etc. 


Plants of diverse appearance, differing from the Rushes in 
having the petals at least (often the sepals, too) conspicuous and 
colored. Fruit, a capsule which splits longitudinally. Plants 
rarely bulbous. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers numerous in terminal, erect, spike-like racemes or panicles. 
b. Flowers yellow, with erect bracts, somewhat resembling a head of 
wheat, in fruit, Abama, p. 338 
bb. Flowers lilac, stamens blue. Helonias, p. 340 
bbb. Flowers white, inflorescence in a narrow raceme. 
c. Leaves very narrow, grass-like and harsh. Xerophyllum, p. 339 
cc. Leaves linear, lanceolate or spatulate, smooth. 
d. Raceme 7-20 cm. long, flowers dicecious. 
Chamaelirium, p. 341 
dd. Raceme 2-12 cm. long, flowers perfect. 


e. Stem viscid pubescent. Tofieldia, p. 337 
ee. Stem glabrous. Chrosperma, p. 341 
bbbb. Flowers green, inflorescence in an open panicle. 
c. Plant glabrous, leaves linear. Zigadensus, p. 342 
cc. Plant pubescent. 
d. Leaves linear. Melanthium, p. 342 
dd. Leaves oval or elliptic. Veratrum, p. 343 
aa, Flowers solitary, terminal, pendant yellow. 
bb. Leaves perfoliate. Uvularia perfoliata, p. 343 
bb. Leaves not perfoliate. 
c. Under surface glaucous. U. sessilifolia, p. 343 
cc. Under surface green, shining. U. nitida, p. 343 


TOFIELDIA Hudson. 
Tofieldia racemosa (Walt.). Viscid Asphodel. 
Pl. XXXIIL, Fig. 1. 


Melanthium racemosum Walter, Fl. Cor. 126. 1788 [probably Santee River, 
S. C.]. 

Tofieldia pubens Knieskern 32.—Willis 64. 

Tofeldia racemosa Britton 244.—Saunders, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, 
545.—Stone do. 1908. 459. 


22 MUS 


338 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Bogs in the heart of the Pine Barrens, local. This plant is 
limited to the same area that the Abama inhabits, but is much 
rarer. It was originally discovered in the State by Dr. P. D. 
Knieskern at Manchester [= Lakehurst]. The older botanists, 
as well as Canby, A. H. and C. E. Smith, who were familiar with 
the Abama, never found the Tofelda, and curiously enough 
Knieskern apparently never succeeded in finding the former. 

After forty years the plant had not been found again, and Dr. 
Britton could only quote Knieskern’s record. On July 4, 1899, 
however, Mr. C. F. Saunders collected it between Tuckerton and 
Atsion on a savanna near Symmes’ Place. 

On July 4, 1904, after reading Mr. Saunders’ account, Mr. 
H. L. Coggins and I visited a spot near High Bridge, over the 
Wading River, where I thought conditions were favorable to its 
growth, and sure enough the minute we entered on the flat 
savanna land bordering the river, the white spikes of starry 
flowers, like miniature Turkey-beard, were seen on either hand, 
their heads reaching just above the grass and sedge. The follow- 
ing day, below Speedwell, we found it again, and on Pole Branch 
that afternoon a great patch of it was found mingled with the 
yellow spikes of the Abama, a truly wonderful sight, and not 
content with the sandy bog, individual plants had established 
themselves in damp spots in the middle of the old road, as if 
they knew that they had little to fear from passing traffic. 


Fl.—Late June to mid-July. 
Pine Barrens——Manchester (C), Symmes’ Place, High Bridge (S), Speed- 
well, below Chatsworth, Pole Branch. 


ABAMA Adanson. 
Abama americana (Ker.). Bog Asphodel. 
Pl. XXXIIL., Figs. 2, 3. 


Narthecium americanum Ker., Bot. Mag. pl. 1505. 1812 [Quaker Bridge, N. 
J.]—Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. I. 227. 1814—Torrey, Cat. N. Y. Plants, 
35.—Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 347—Britton 243. 

Narthecium ossifragum var. americanum Willis 65. 

Abama americana Keller and Brown 97.—Saunders, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 


Locally common in bogs in the heart of the Pine Barrens. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 339 


This remarkable plant was discovered by Frederick Pursh 
(1774-1820) ,* one of the first botanists to publish on the Pine 
Barren flora, on one of his excursions in the swamps about Quaker 
Bridge. At the time Dr. Britton’s Catalogue was published, sev- 
enty-five years later, there were but five stations known where it 
grew, while to-day I have seen specimens from only a dozen, all of 
which lie between Tom’s River on the north and Atsion and 
Pleasant Mills on the south, mostly east of the New Jersey South- 
ern Railroad—roughly speaking an area twenty by thirty miles. 
This has been supposed to be the only spot in the world where the 
plant occurs, but in the Commons herbarium at the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, there are specimens of both 
Abama and Tofieldia from near Lewes, Delaware, collected by 
Mr. Albert Commons, August 1 and 15, 1895, respectively. 
Probably sofne of the older localities are now extinct, as the 
Abama is one of those plants which are exterminated by cran- 
berry culture. The damming and flooding of the bogs covers 
the low wet sandy spots frequented by the plant and it disap- 
pears—at least I have never been able to find it on the edges of 
cultivated bogs. On the branches of the Wading River about 
Chatsworth and Speedwell, where broad, wet sandy bogs abound, 
I have seen great patches of Abama, the short stiff leaves curv- 
ing up from the root stalks in thick ranks like short grass, and 
the yellow spikes standing close together make a golden sheen 
over the bog that can be seen at quite a distance. Even when in 
fruit they make quite a show, the seed capsules being rich reddish 
brown and the stalks and bracts buff like wheat chaff. 

Fl.—Mid-June to late July. 

Pine Barrens.—Toms River, O'strom (NY), Forked River, Pasadena, Jones 
Mill (S), Pole Branch (S), Speedwell, Chatsworth, Atsion, Quaker Bridge, 


Batsto (C), opposite Crowleytown, below Batsto, Mullica River (same as 
last?), Pleasant Mills.f 


* Bot, Gazette VII. 141. ; 

+The record at Barnégat quoted by Keller and Brown, from Britton’s 
catalogue, is not in the catalogue, and it was apparently entirely erroneous. 
The Woodbury record given by Britton on authority of Mrs. W. McGeorge is 
in all probability based upon a misidentification. As nearly as Dr. Britton 
can recollect, the record was one of a number sent to the Geological Survey 
without accompanying specimens and which were included at the request of 


the Survey authorities. 


340 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


XEROPHYLLUM Michaux. 
Xerophyllum asphodeloides (L.). Turkey-beard. 
Pl. XXXV., 
Helonias asphodeloides Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. II. 485. 1762 [“Pennsylvania”] 

—Muhlenberg Cat. p. 37, 1813—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I: 243. 1814. 

Xerophyllum setifolium Torrey Cat. N. Y. Plants 37. 1819—Torrey FL U. 
S. I: 371, 1824. 
Xerophyllum asphodeloides Nuttall, Gen. 1: 235. 1818—Knieskern 32—Wil- 
lis 64.—Britton 243—Keller and Brown 97. 

Common in low sandy ground in the Pine Barrens, also very 
rare and local in the Middle district—Craner’s Mill, Middlesex 

“County, and east of Sewell, Gloucester County. 

Linneus states that he received the original specimen from 
“Barthram,” and as he was well known to live in Pennsylvania, 
that State is given as the type locality. Bartram, however, 
traveled frequently over southern New Jersey and undoubtedly 
got his specimens there. 

There is no evidence of the plant ever having grown in’ Penn- 
sylvania. 

F].—Late May to early July. 

Middle District—E. of Sewell (S), Fairview (H). 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Ocean Beach (C), Manchester (NB), Toms River 
(NY), Brown’s Mills, Archertown, Bamber, Pemberton (NB), Forked River, 
Munyon Field, Speedwell (S), Bear Swamp, Clementon, Albion, Jackson, 
Andrews, Sicklerville (S), Williamstown Jnc., Atco, Cedar Brook, Landis- 


ville, Winslow Jnc., Newtonville, Hammonton, Union Hall, Pleasant Mills 
(NB), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S). 


HELONIAS L. 
Helonias bullata L. Swamp Pink. 


Pl. XXXVI. 
Helonias bullata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 342. 1753 [‘Pennsylvania’—Pennsneck, 

N. J.].—Knieskern 32—Willis 64—Hall, Bull. Torr. Club II: 31, 1871 and 

III: 25. 1872—Northrup Bull. Torr. Club. XV. 175. 1888—Britton 243. 

—Keller and Brown 98.—Brown, Bartonia III., 1, 1011. 

Helonias latifolia Muhlenberg, Cat. 37. 1813—Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. I: 242. 

1814. 

Swamps of the Pine Barrens, Middle and Cape May districts, 
frequent. Occurs also at Succasuna and Budds Lake, Morris 
County. 

This is one of the most characteristic plants of the southern 
half of New Jersey and is one of the earliest spring flowers of 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 341 


the region. Its dense spike of lilac blossoms. with their bright, 
blue stamens, is quite conspicuous in the still brown bogs. It 
begins to bloom when the spike is almost sessile in the center 
of the rosette of narrow spatulate leaves, but the scape lengthens 
rapidly and is a foot tall at the height of the flowering season. 

Fl.—Early April to mid-May. 

Middle District—Freehold (C), New Egypt, Haddonfield (KB), Medford, 
Westville, Gloucester (KB), Red Bank, Washington Park, Woodbury, Clarks- 


toro, Laurel Springs, Wenonah (KB), Sicklerville (S), Glassboro, Dare- 
town (KB), Berkley (KB). 

Pine Barrens——Manchester (NB), Bamber, 3 miles east New Egypt, Bar- 
negat, Bear Swamp, Lucaston (KB), Atco (N), Berlin (KB), Clementon, 
Sumner (S$), Jackson, Union Hall, Cedar Brook (KB), Newfield (T), Mill- 
ville, Hammonton (NB), Collier’s Mills (C). 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Dias Creek, Cold Spring, Cape May Pt. (S). 


CHAM4LIRIUM Willdenow. 
Chameelirium luteum (L.). Blazing Star. 
Veratrum luteum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1044. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Chamaelirium luteum Willis 64.—Britton 243.—Keller,and Brown 08. 

Woods in the Northern Counties occasional; and very rare 
in the upper Middle district. 

Through a curious misconception Dir. Britton states that this 
plant is frequent in the southern counties, and Keller and Brown, 
influenced no doubt by this, give it as frequent in New Jersey. 
As a matter of fact, none of our local botanists have ever col- 
lected it on the New Jersey side of the Delaware in South Jersey, 
and I have seen only two specimens from within the limits of 
this list. 

Fl._—Late May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Burlington, Mickleton (H). 


CHROSPERMA Rafinesque. 
Chrosperma musczetoxicum (Walt.). Fly-poison. 


Melanthium muscetoxicum Walter, Fl. Car. 125. 1788 [Probably Santee 
R., S. C.]. 
Amianthium muscetoxicum Willis, 64—Gray Man, Ed. I. 501.—Britton 246. 
Low sandy ground, locally in the Middle district and occasional 
in the Pine Barrens. 
Fl.—Early June to late June. 


342 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Burlington, Pemberton, Moorestown (NB), 
Beverly (C), Sumner (S), Sicklerville, Williamstown, Camden (C), Mickle- 


ton, Tomlin, Swedesboro, Auburn. 
Pine Barrens——Bear Swamp, Vineland (T). 


ZIGADENUS Michaux.* 
Zigadenus leimanthoides Gray. Coastal Zygadine. 


Amianthium leimanthoides Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. IV. 125. 1837 [near Had- 
donfield, N. J.]. 


Zygadenus leimanthoides Knieskern 32.—Willis 64—Gray, Man. Ed. I. 5or. 
1848.—Britton 246.—Keller and Brown 99. 

Swamps of the Middle and Pine Barren districts local. The 
first specimen mentioned by Dr. Gray in describing this plant 
was sent to him by Elias Durand, who collected it near Haddon- 
field, N. J., no doubt at the famous Griffith’s Swamp, where 
specimens were later collected by Charles E. Smith. 

Fl.—tLate June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Moorestown (H), Griffith’s, 
Tomlin, Lindenwold, Mt. Pleasant (C). 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (P), Atsion. 

MELANTHIUM L. 
Melanthium virginicum L.+ Bunch-flower. 
Melanthium virginicum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 339. 1753 [Virginia].—Knieskern 
32.—Willis 64.—Britton 245.—Keller and Brown go. 

Swamps of the Northern and \Middle districts frequent. 

Fl.—Early July to late July. 

Middle District—Keyport (C), New Egypt, Burlington, Pemberton (NB), 
Camden (C), Lindenwold, Kirkwood (KB), Mickleton (H), Swedesboro 
(KB). 

Pine Barrens—Cedar Brook. 

Melanthium latifolium Desr. Crisped Bunch-flower. 
Melanthium latifolium Desroussoux in Lam. Encycl. IV. 25. 1797 [Virginia]. 
—Keller and Brown go. 

Frequent in woods of the northern counties, known within our 
limits only from Swedesboro, where it was discovered by Mr. C. 
D. Lippincott, July 1, 1894. 

Middle District—Swedesboro (CDL). 

* Dr. Smal, without any explanation, has proposed Oceanorus as the 
generic name for this plant in his Southern Flora. 

+The Tomlin record, given by Keller and Brown, proves to be Zigadenus. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 343 


VERATRUM L. 
False Hellebore. 


Veratrum viride Ait. 
1789 [North America].— 


Veratrum viride Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 422. 


Knieskern 32.—Britton 245. 

Common in shaded swamps in the Northern and upper Middle 
districts and rare in the Cape May district. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Little Timber Creek (C), Haddonfield (C), 
Moorestown (C), Tomlin, Mickleton (H), Swedesboro, Marlboro (C), Stoe 


Creek (C). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


UVULARIA L. 


Uvularia perfoliata L. Perfoliate Bellwort. 
Uvularia perfoliata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 304. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 167. 1818.—wWillis 64.—Britton 244. 
Uvularia fava Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 231. 1814.—Gray Man. Ed. V. 528. 


1867. 
Common in the woods of the Northern and less common in 


the Middle and Cape May districts. 


‘Fl.—Early May to mid-May. 
Middle District—-New Egypt, Burlington, Westville, Oaklyn, Medford (S), 


Mickleton, Swedesboro, Quinton. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 
Uvularia sessilifolia L. Sessile-leaved Bellwort. 

Uvularia sessilifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 305. 1753 [Canada].—Knieskern 32.— 


Willis 64—Britton 244. 
Common in woods of the Northern and Middle districts; very 


rare in the Pine Barrens and casual on the coast. 


Fl.—Late April to mid-May. 
Middle District-—Shark River, Allaire (S), Farmingdale, Sea Bright 
(NB), New Egypt, Bordentown, Fish House, Delaire, Merchantville (P), 
Pensauken (S), Medford (S), Lindenwold (S), Westville, Pitman, Glass- 
boro; Woodbury (P), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Albion, Andrews, Yorktown 


(S), Alloway, Quinton, Bridgeton (NB). 
Pine Barrens.—Landisville, Belleplain (8). 
Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Cox’s, Cold Spring (OHB). 


Uvularia nitida (Britton.) Pine Barren Bellwort. 

Oakesia sessilifolia var. (?) mitida Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. IX. 13 
1889 [Toms River and Cedar Bridge, N. J.].—Britton 244. 

Uvularia nitida Mackenzie, Torreya 1908, 13.—Long, Bartonia II. 20. 1910. 


344 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Edges of swamps in the Pine Barrens; rare and local. 


Fl.—Early May to late May (probably). 

Pine Barrens—Pt. Pleasant, Farmingdale, Toms River (NB), Lakewood 
(NY), Cedar Bridge (C), Manahawkin, Coxes, West Creek, Browns Mills, 
Two miles south of Chatsworth. 


Family LILIACE:. Lilies, etc. 
Similar in structure to the last, entire perianth conspicuously 
colored (not green) ; bulbous; fruit a loculicidal capsule. 


Key to the Species. 


u. Plants without onion-like odor. 
b. Flowers blue, nearly globular, in an erect raceme. 
[Muscari botryoides]* 
bb. Flowers red or yellow. 
c. Leaves basal or nearly so. 
d. Leaves two, mottled with brown, flower single yellow. 
Erythronium, p. 346 
dd. Leaves numerous, linear, flowers several at the end of the 


leafless scape, tawny and orange. [Hemerocallis fulva]t 
cc. Leaves cauline, verticillate. 
d. Flowers 1-3 erect, red. Lilium philadelphicum, p. 345 


dd. Flowers 1-40, yellow or red, nodding. . 
e. Flowers 1-16, generally yellow, petals slightly reflexed 
at tip. L. candense, p. 346 
ee. Flowers 3-40, orange or reddish orange, petals strongly 
reflexed from below the middle. L. superbum, p. 346 
bbb. Flowers white. 
c. Small and cylindric in a slender spike-like raceme. Aletris, p. 347 
cc. Large, opening in sunshine, corymbose, leaves narrow, fleshy. 
[Ornithogalum umbellatum]= 
aa, Plants with strong onion-like odor, flowers white or purplish in globose 
heads. 
b, Leaves oblong lanceolate, absent at flowering time. A. tricoccum, p. 344 
bb. Leaves linear, present at flowering time. 


c. Covering of the bulg fibrous reliculated. A. canadense, p. 345 
cc. Covering of the bulb membranaceous. [A. vineale]§ 
ALLIUM L. 


Allium tricoccum Ait. Wild Leak. 


Allium tricoccum Aiton, Hort. Kew. I: 428. 1789 [North America].—Brit- 
ton 241.—Keller and Brown 100. 


* Grape Hyacinth, occasionally escaped from gardens. 
+ Day Lily, often escapes from cultivation. 

£ Star-of-Bethlehem, introduced in damp meadows. 

§ Garlic, a frequent and well-known weed. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 345 


Rich woods of the northern counties occasional, and rare in 
the Middle district. 

The two basal leaves appear in mid-April and last until early 
June, perishing before the flowers appear. 

Fl.—tLate June to early July. Fruits—Abundantly. 


Middle District Swedesboro, Woodstown (H), Salem (C). 


Allium canadense L. Meadow Garlic. 


Allium canadense Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1195. 1753 [Canada].—Britton 241.— 
Keller and Brown tot. 

Frequent in low ground of the northern counties and occa- 
sional southward in the Middle and Cape May districts. 

This native garlic is much less abundant than the introduced 
A. vineale, and never produces so many flowers. Both have the 
flowers often replaced to a great extent by bulblets, and in 
the present species this is the usual condition; some few flowers, 
however, are usually present, but they rarely produce fruit. I 
have never seen a head composed entirely of flowers, as is often 
the case in A. vineale. 

Fi.—Late May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Delair, Camden (P), Westville (KB), 


Medford (S), Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (edge of salt marsh) (S$). 


LILIUM L. 
Lilium philadelphicum L. Red Lily. 

Lilium philadelphicum Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. II: 435. 1762 [Linnzeus gives 
Canada as type locality, but this is obviously a lapsus calami, as his only 
reference is to Miller whose specimen came from John Bartram, Phila- 
delphia].—Knieskern 32.—Willis 65.—Britton 242.—Keller and Brown tot. 

Frequent in open ground in the northern counties, but very 
rare in the Middle district. Two of the four records refer to 
single plants. Knieskern’s statement for ‘Monmouth and Ocean 

Counties, “open copses not rare” is surely a misprint. 

Fl.—Late June to late July. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens?.—Mays Landing (C) once. 


346 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Lilium canadense L. Yellow Lily. 
Pl. XXXIX,, Fig. 1. 
Lilium canadense Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 303. 1753 [Canada].—Knieskern 32.— 
Willis 65.—Britton 242. 

Frequent in swamps and meadows of the northern counties; 
very scarce in the Middle district. One of the localities given 
by Britton in Pemberton Junction, but lilies collected there in 
July, 1910, proved to be a yellow form of L. superbum. These 
may or may not have been the plants referred to. 

iFl.—Mid-June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Birmingham (NB), Pemberton Jnc. (C), 
Washington Park. 

Lilium superbum L. Turk’s-Cap Lily. 


Lilium superbum Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. I]: 434. 1762 [North America].— 
Barton Fl. Phila 1:166. 1818—Knieskern 32.—Willis 65. 

Commion in swamps and low grounds from the Hackensack 
meadows throughout the Middle, Pine Barren and Cape May 
districts. 

This is the lily of southern New Jersey and one of the showiest 
summer wild flowers. In the Pine Barren swamps it is often 
only two or three feet high with a single flower, while in the 
richer ground of West Jersey it attains twice this size and bears 
a great pyramid of blossoms, sometimes twenty to thirty on a 
single stalk. 

Fl.—Early July to late July. 

Middle District—Lindenwold (S$), Tomlin (S$), Pemberton Jnc. (S$), 
Pemberton (NB), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Toms River (S), Wareham, Folsom, Ballenger’s Mill (S), 
Penbryn (S), Winslow (S), Landisville, Crowleytown, Mays Landing (S), 


Manumuskin (S$). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


ERYTHRONIUM L. 
Erythronium americanum Ker. ‘Dog-toothed Violet.! Yellow Adder’s 
Tongue. 
PI. XL, XUL., Fig. 1. 


Erythronium Americanum Ker, Bot. Mag. pl. 113, I. Je. 1808 [North 
America].—Knieskern 32.—Willis 65.—Britton 242. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 347 


Commion in low woods and along streams in the Northern 
district, but much rarer and local within our limits, where it 
occurs only in the Middle district, being entirely absent from the 
Pine Barrens and coast. 

Fl.—Early ‘April to late April. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Little Timber Creek 


(C), Merchantville (P), Gloucester (P), Haddonfield (C), Medford (S), 
Mickleton (H), Swedesboro, Alloway. 


ALETRIS L. 
Aletris farinosa L. Colic Root. 


Aletris farinosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 319. 1753 [Pennsylvania]—Knieskern 31.— 
Willis 63.—Britton 237. ; 

Aletris aurea Britton 237—Rusby, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club VI. 289. 1879.—? 
Pursh FI. Amer. Sept. I. 225. 1814.—Willis 63. 

Casually in the northern counties in sandy ground and com+ 
mon throughout our limits. 

There is a form of this plant with shorter leaves and shorter, 
more nearly spherical, flowers found especially near the “plains,” 
but the differences do not seem: sufficiently well marked or con- 
stant to warrant separation. While certainly not A. aurea, 
this plant seems to have been the basis for the inclusion of that 
species in Britton’s Catalogue; the Rusby plant referred to was 
in fruit and its identity was not clearly determined. Pursh, who 
reported A. aurea from New Jersey, may have had the same 
form in mind. 

Fl.—Mid-June to late July. 

Middle District—Mattewan (NY), Pt. Pleasant, Farmingdale, Paulsboro, 
Lindenwold (S), Lawnside (S), Sicklerville (S), Swedesboro, Elmer (P). 

Pine Barrens—Allaire (S), Speedwell (S), E. Plains (S), near Atsion 
(C), Jackson (P), Williamstown Jnc., Winslow Jnc., Pancoast (S). 


Coast Strip—Spray Beach (1), Manahawkin, Stone Harbor. 
Cape May—Cold Spring, Bennett (S). 


Family CONVALLARIACE/E. Solomon’s Seal, etc. 


Differ from the Lilies in having simple or branched root 
stalks—not bulbs; and in having fleshy berry-like fruit. Trillium 
has the perianth clearly divided into sepals (green) and petals 
(white or pink). 


348 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves reduced to scales, whole plant a feathery mass of filiform 
branches. [Asparagus officinalis]* 
aa. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or oval, alternate. 
b. Flowers white in a terminal panicle or raceme. 


c. Leaves 1-3. Unifolium, p. 349 
cc. Leaves more than 3. 

d. Flowers in a panicle, numerous. Vagnera racemosa, p. 348 

dd. Flowers larger and fewer in a raceme. V. stellata, p. 348 


bb. Flowers axillary, single or 2-Io in an umbel, drooping. 
Polygonatum, p. 349 
aaa. Leaves whorled, lanceolate, obovate or rhombic. 
b. One whorl of three leaves, with a central flower. 


c. Flower erect, white or purple. Trillium erectum, p. 350 
cc. Flower recurved under the leaves. T. cernuum, p. 350 
bb. Leaves in two whorls of 3-10. Flowers several, recurved under the 
upper whorl, greenish yellow. é Medeola, p. 350 


VAGNERA Adanson. 
Vagnera racemosa (L.). Wild Spikenard. 


Convallaria racemosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 315. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Smilacina racemosa Knieskern 31.—Willis 64. 
Unifolium racemosum—Britton 240. 

Common in woods of the Northern and Middle districts, occa- 
sional in the Cape May and Coast regions, but absent from the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June. 

Middle District—Freehold (NB), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown,, 
Pemberton Jnc. (S), Kinkora (NY), Delaire, Fish House, Medford (S), 
Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Lindenwold (S), Mickleton, Mantua, 
Sewell (S), Glassboro, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Riddleton, Salem (S). 


Coast Strip—Atlantic City (S). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Vagnera stellata (L.). Star-flowered Spikenard. 


Convallaria stellata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 316. 1753 [Canada]. 
Smilacina stellata Willis 64.—Britton Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XV. 97. 1888. 
Unifolium stellatum Britton 241. 
Vagnera stellata Keller and Brown 103. 
Northern counties and southward along the coast strip to Cape 


May, but not found elsewhere in the State. 


* Asparagus, escaped from cultivation in some places. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 349 


This curious distribution, which is shared by Geranium 
robertianum and some other species, is discussed at p, 105. 

Fl.—Early May to late May. 

Middle District—Freehold (C). 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Sea Bright (NB), Barnegat City (L), Cedar 
Bonnet (L,), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Ocean City (S), Wildwood, Peer- 
mont, Cold Spring, Cape May Pt. (KB), Sea Breeze, Salem Co. (P). 


POLYGONATUM Hill. 
Polygonatum commutatum (R. & S.}. Smooth Solomon’s Seal. 


Convallaria commutata Roemer and Schultes Syst. 7. 1671. 1830 [Pennsyl- 
vania]. 

Polygonatum gigantewm Knieskern 32.—Willis 65. 

Polygonatum commutatum Britton 240. 

Polygonatum biforum Knieskern 32.—Willis 65 (in part).—Britton 240 (in 
part). 

In woods of the Northern, Middle and Coast districts rather 
common; rare and perhaps recently introduced in the Pine 
Barrens. 

In spite of the general statements in the catalogues of Britton 
and Keller and Brown, I can find no authentic specimens of P. 
biflorum from our region. The present plant is extremely vari- 
able in size, width of leaves and number of flowers, and would 
lead one to suppose that more than one species were represented, 
but it is impossible to find any constant differences between them 
and none are referable to S. biflora of the northern counties. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown (C), Delaire, 
Camden (P), Washington, Medford (S), Mickleton, Lindenwold ($), Albion, 
Pitman, Iona (S), Swedesboro, Shiloh (C), Yorktown (S), Riddleton, 
Daretown (C), Quinton, Centerton (S), Bridgeton (C). 

Pine Barrens—Atco (C), Cedar Lake, Landisville, Folsom. 

Coast Strip.—Surf City (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Piermont 
(S), Anglesea, Wildwood (UP). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May Pt. (S$). 


UNIFOLIUM Adanson. 
Unifolium canadense (Desf.). False Lily-of-the-Valley. 


Pl, XXXVIIL, Fig. 1. 


Maianthemum Canadense Desfontaine, Ann. Mus. Paris IX. 54. 1807 [new 
name for Convallaria biflora Michx. from Canada]. 

Smilacina biflora Knieskern 32.—Willis 64. 

Unifolium Canadense Britton 241. 

Smilacina canadensis Barton, Fl. Phila. 1. 167. 1818. 


350 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Common in woods throughout the State except in the Pine 
Barrens. 
Fl.—Early May to early June. 


Middle District.—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Pemberton (NY), 
Bordentown, Delanco, Springdale (S), Medford (S$), Lindenwold (S), Tom- 
lin, Pitman, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Centerton ($). 

Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Cox’s, Atlantic City (S), Anglesea. 

Cape May—Goshen (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


MEDEOLA L. 
Medeola virginiana L. Indian Cucumber. 


Medeola virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 339. 1753 [Virginia].—Knieskern 32.— 
Britton 244. 

Rich woods of the Northern, Middle and Cape May districts; 
very rare in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Bur- 
lington, Birmingham, Delair, Camden (P), Vincentown (NB), Medford 
(S), Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Tomlin, Sewell (S), Mickleton, 
Sicklerville (S), Pitman, Glassboro, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville (T), Hammonton (Bassett), Belleplain (S). 

Coast Strip.—Manahawkin. 

Cape May.—Goshen (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


TRILLIUM L. 
Trillium erectum L.  IIl-scented Wake-robin. 
Trillium erectum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 340. 1753 [Virginia].—Britton 437. 


Rich woods; at a number of stations in the northern counties 
and at one in the Middle district within our limits. 

Fl.—Early May to mid-May, 

Middle District—Bordentown (C). 


Trillium cernuum (L.). Nodding Wake-robin. 


Trillium cernuum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 339. 1753 [Carolina]_—Willis 64.—Britton 
245.—Keller and Brown 103. Zp 
Rich woods; frequent in the northern counties, rare and local 
southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early May to mid-May. 


Middle District-—New Egypt, Wpodbury (C), Mickleton, Mullica Hill 
(NB), Swedesboro, Swedesbridge (KB), Woodstown (KB). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 351 
Family SMILACEZ®. Smilax. 


Woody or herbaceous vines, with berry-like fruit; flowers 
similar to those of the last family, but dioecious, in axillary 
‘umbels ; green. 

SMILAX L. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Stem herbaceous, not armed with prickles. 
b. Flowers carrion-scented, leaves ovate thin. 
c. Leaves glabrous. S. herbacea, p. 351 
cc. Leaves pubescent below. S. pulverulenta, p. 351 
bb. Flowers not carrion-scented, leaves hastate, somewhat coraceous. 
S. tamnifolia, p. 352 
aa. Stem woody, usually with strong prickles. 
b. Leaves ovate, stem prickly at base or not at all, berries red. 
S. walteri, p. 354 
bb. Leaves ovate or rounded, branches and stems with strong prickles, 


berries black with a bloom. S. rotundifolia, p. 352 
bbb. Leaves lanceolate, thick and evergreen, stem but not branches 
armed with prickles, berries black. S. laurifolia, p. 353 


bbbb. Leaves variously shaped, ovate to oblong lanceolate, always glau- 
cous, stem usually prickly, berries bluish black. S. glauca, p. 353 


Smilax herbacea L. Carrion-flower. 


Smilax herbacea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1030. 1753 [Virginia and Maryland].— 
Willis 63.—Britton 239. 


Frequent in the Northern and Middle districts in low ground. 

Fl.—Late May to early June. F'r.—Late summer of the first 
season, 

Middle District—Allaire (S), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, 
Kaighns Pt. Lindenwold (S$), Washington Park, Westville (NB), Wood- 
bury, Mickleton (H). : 

Smilax pulverulenta (Michx.). Hairy Carrion Flower. 


Smilax pulverulenta Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 238. 1803 [Canada and 
Penna.]. 


Similar situations tq the last, but much less common. 

Fl.—Mid-May to late May. Fr.—Late summer of the first 
season. 

Middle District.—Swedesboro, Mickleton (H). 


352 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Smilax tamnifolia Michx. Halberd-leaved Smilax. 


Smilax tamnifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 238. 1803 [Carolina] —Knies- 
kern 32.—Willis 63—Gray Man. Ed. I. 486. 1848—Britton 240. 

?Smilax panduratus Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. I. 251. 1814 [as relates to N. J.]. 

?Similax tamnoides Willis 63. 

?Smilax pseudochina Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. I. 250. 1814 [as relates to N. J.]. 


—Willis 63. 

Frequent or common in moist sandy ground, usually in shade, 
throughout our-region, but no farther north. Most plentiful in 
the Pine Barrens. 

The variations in leaf-form exhibited by this species may have 
had something to do with the inclusion of Smilax bona-nox 
(= panduratus) and S. pseudochina among the plants of New 
Jersey in the various editions of Gray’s Manual, Willis’ list, etc. 
Both are given by Pursh as occurring in the State, and subse- 
quent records are merely copied from him. Whatever may have 
been the source of his statement, it was apparently quite 
erroneous, as there is no evidence that either species is found in 
New Jersey. 

Fl.—Mid-June to early July. Fr—Early autumn of the first 
season. 

Middle District—Lake Como (NB), Spring Lake (C), Freehold (C), 
Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant (S), Repaupo, Camden (P), Tomlin (S), York- 
town, Beaver Dam. h 

Pine Barrens—Hanover, Speedwell (S), Barnegat, Waretown, Coxe’s, 
Clementon (S), Sumner, Sicklerville, Waterford, Cedar Brook, Iona (S$), 
Vineland (S$), Hammonton (S), Pleasantville, Egg Harbor City (S), Abse- 
con (S), Maurice River. 


Cape May.—Goshen (S), Court House, Bennett, Cold Spring (OHB), 
Whitesboro (3), Cape May. 


Smilax rotundifolia L. Greenbrier. 


Smilax rotundifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1030. 1753 [Canada].—Knieskern 31.— 

Willis 63.—Britton 2309. 

Common in swampy thickets throughout the State. 

This is the commonest and stoutest of the Greenbriers. While 
apparently not common in the Pine Barrens proper, it makes 
the thickets along the edge of the coast strip almost impene- 
trable with its strong woody stems and stout thorns. 


PLANT'S OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 353 


Fl.—Early May to early June. Fr—Mid-autumn of the first 
season persisting well into winter. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Delaire, Kinkora, Birmingham, W. Dept- 
ford, Woodbury, Pitman, Glassboro, Salem (S). 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (NB), Quaker Bridge (S), Speedwell (S), 
Tuckahoe (S$), Manumuskin. 

Coass Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Seaside Park (Ha) Surf City (L), 
Beach Haven Crest (L), Barnegat City (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), 
Holgate’s (L.), Manahawkin, Atlantic City (S$), Ocean City (S), Cold Spring 
(S). 


Smilax glauca Walt. Glaucous-leaved Greenbrier. 


_ Smilax glauca Walter, Fl. Car. 245. 1788 [South Carolina, probably Santee 
River].—Willis 63.—Britton 239—Keller and Brown 104. 

Occasional in the northern counties and plentiful throughout 
our region in dry, sandy soil. 

Fl.—Late May to late June. Fr—Mid-autumn of the first 
season persisting well into winter. 

Middle District—Keyport (NY), Farmingdale (NY), Griffth’s Swamp, 
Washington Park. 

Pine Barrens—Lakewood (NY), Manahawkin, Quaker Bridge (NB), 
Speedwell (S), Plains (S), Tabernacle (S), Albion, Williamstown Jnc. (S), 
Sicklerville (S), Winslow (S), Batsto (NY). 

Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L), Spray Beach (L), Holgate’s (1), Atlantic 
City (S), Ocean City (S), Anglesea. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB), Town Bank. 


Smilax laurifolia L. Laurel-leaved Greenbrier. 


Suilax laurifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1030. 1753 [Virginia and Carolina]_— 
Pursh FI. Am. Sept. I. 250. 1814.—Willis 63.—Britton 239—Keller and 
Brown 105. 

Wooded swamps of the Pine Barren and Cape May regions 
rather local. 

This is a distinctively Pine Barren species, and its long, thick, 
glossy leaves hanging in festoons from the trees and bushes on 
the edge of the deep swamps at once attract attention as being 
strikingly different from anything we are familiar with in 
other parts of the State. In winter it is still more conspicuous, 
owing to the evergreen character of the leaves. 

Fl.—Early August to early September. Fr.—Early autumn 
of the second season, persisting into winter. 


23 MUS 


354 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Pine Barrens—Toms River (C), Forked River, Bamber, Barnegat, Speed- 
well, Quaker Bridge, Hammonton, Batsto Creek (NB), Herman, Elwood 
(KB), Egg Harbor City, Eighth St. 

Cape May.—Dias Creek, New England. 


Smilax walteri Pursh. Walter’s Greenbrier. 

Smilax Walteri Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 249. 1814 [Low, sandy counties of Vir- 
ginia and Carolina].—Willis 63.—Britton 239—Keller and Brown 105.— 
Grays Man. Ed. V., p. 519. 1867. 

Deep swampy thickets of the Pine Barren and Cape May 
districts, local. 

This is another southern smilax, but since its leaves bear a 
general resemblance to those of S. rotundifolia, it is easily over- 
looked in summertime unless one is especially searching for it. 
In autumn and winter, however, the coral red berries make it 
particularly conspicuous and distinguish it at once from all other 
species. 

Its discovery in New Jersey is somewhat involved in doubt. 
It is first recorded from the State in Gray’s (Manual, fifth edition. 

Fl.—Early May to early June. Fr.—Mid-autumn of the first 
season, persisting well into winter. 


Pine Barrens—Atsion (P), Quaker Bridge, Vineland (KB), Landisville, 
Twelfth St. Folsom, Weymouth to Elwood, N. of Weekstown, Egg Harbor 
City (NB), Petersburg, Mays Landing (CP). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


FAMILY HAEMODORACEZ®. Red-root. 


Differs from all the preceding families and agrees with the 
following in having the ovary inferior. Stamens 3, opposite 
the inner segments of the perianth. 


GYROTHECA. 
Gyrotheca tinctoria (Walt.). Red-root. 


Anonymos tinctoria Walter, Fl. Car. 67. 1788 [South Carolina, probably 
Santee River]. 

Lachnanthes tinctoria Knieskern 31.—Willis, 63. 

Gyrotheca tinctoria Britton 236.—Keller and Brown 105. 

Dilatris Heritiera Barton, Fl. Phila I. 22. 1818. 


Swamps and bogs of the Pine Barren and Cape May districts, 
common. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 355 


Unlike many other bog plants, this species is not injured by 
the cultivation and flooding of the cranberry bogs; on the con- 
trary, it increases under these conditions until it becomes a posi- 
tive weed, and great heaps of the plants are often to be seen 
stacked up on the dykes after the weeding of the bog. It bears 
a resemblance to Lophiola, but is not so delicate in color, the 
wooly covering being always duller and more rusty. 

Fl.—Early July to late A'ugust. 


Pine Barrens—Near New Egypt, Toms River, Forked River, Island Hts. 
(NY), Manchester (NY), Bamber, Pasadena, West Creek, Tuckerton, 
Browns Mills, Hanover, Clementon, Jackson (P), Bear Swamp, Ballengers 
Mills, Braddock’s Mills, Williamstown Jnc., Cedar Brook, Parkdale, Atsion, 
Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Herman, Hammonton, Hospitality Br. 
Eighth St., Twelfth St., Mays Landing. ; 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Bennett (OHB). 


FAMILY AMARYLLIDACE. Stargrass, etc. 
Differs from the preceding in having 6 stamens. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Stem leafy, flowers densely wooly. Lophiola, p. 355 
aa. Leaves basal grass-like, flowers not wooly. Aypoxis, p. 355 
HYPOXIS L. 


Hypoxis hirsuta (L.). Stargrass. 


Ornithogalum hirsutum Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 306. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Hypoxis graminea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 224. 1814. 
Hypoxis erecta Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 162. 1818—Knieskern 31—Willis 63. 


Hypoxys Britton 238. 

Frequent in sandy ground throughout the State except the 
coast and Cape May districts (?) 

Fl.—Mid4May, and rarely and irregularly through the sum- 
mer even to September. 


Middle District—Shark River, New Egypt, Delanco, Sewell (S), Linden- 


wold (S). -_ 
Pine Barrens.—Allaire (S), Plains (S), Manahawkin, Landisville (T), 


Hammonton (S). 
LOPHIOLA Kerr. 


Lophiola aurea Kerr. Golden-crest. 
Pl. XXXIV,, Fig. 2. 


Lophiola aurea Kerr, Curtis Bot. Mag. pl. 1596. Nov. 1, 1813 [N. America]. 
Conostylis Americana Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 224, 1814 [Pine Barrens of 
New Jersey and Carolina].—Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 344. 1824. 


356 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Helonias tomentosa Muhlenberg Cat. 37. 
Lophiola aurea Knieskern 31.—Willis 63. 
Lophiola tomentosa Britton 237. 

Lophiola americana Keller and Brown 105. 


Frequent in Pine Barren swamps and bogs. 


This is a striking plant found only in the heart of the Pine 
Barrens. The dense, wooly covering of the flowers recalls the 
EHidelweiss of the Swiss mountains, and from the downy, white 
clusters the little yellow flowers peep out like tiny stars. The 
plant has a close general resemblance to Gyrotheca, but its wooly 
coat is denser and mtuch purer white. This was one of the plants 
first discovered by Frederick Pursh in his tramps across the 
wilds of New Jersey and was published by Kerr in Curtis’ Botan- 
ical Magazine, from) Pursh’s original specimens shortly before 
the appearance of his Flora. 

The untouched bogs of the Wading River are the headquarters 
for Lophiola. One well-known spot I always associate with it. 
A low, scattered growth of Pitch Pines slopes down on either 
side to the moist savanna, through which flows the rapid, tea- 
colored stream. On the edge of the moist ground is a dense, 
low, shrubby growth of White A'zalea, three or four species 
of Huckleberries and the Inkberry—Ilex glabra. White Cedars 
mark the course of the stream, now forming dense clusters, 
now scattering, with young ones standing out here and there 
in the grassy, open stretches, and with the Cedars along the 
bank are Red Maples, Wax Myrtles and beds of Royal Fern, 
Carex livida and Eleocharis tuberculosa. 

The “Savannas” are covered with the tall stalks of Danthonia 
epilis, while the denser growth below contains Panium ensifolium, 
Rynchospore of several species, Scleria minor, etc., all rising 
from a bed of sphagnum or from patches of wet, white sand 
and scattered all about in definite clumps are the Pitcher plants, 
with pitchers of all shades and combinations of green and 
crimson, and the button-topped stalks of the Pipeworts Eriocau- 
lon compresswm and decangulare—the former at this date, July 
4, scattering its chaff at the slightest touch, the latter only in 


*Record for Browns Mills (KB) proves to be Gyrotheca. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 357 


bud. With them, but not so definitely tufted, are the yellow 
spikes of the Abama, the white, gummy-stemmed Tofieldia 
and beds of the snowy, wooly heads of the Lophiola. ‘There 
are crimson Limodorums and pink Pogonias starring the grass 
here and there, and where shallow, rusty, iron-stained pools 
are formed on either side of the rapid-flowing stream; there 
are solid masses of yellow Ultricularias, shining like beds of 
gold in the sunlight. And in the deep water are white pond lilies 
and velvety leaves of the Golden Club, now gone to seed, erect 
emerged spikes of Juncus militaris and Xyris congdoni and 
great beds of Eriocaulon septangulare and Scirpus subterminalis, 
their leaves and stems ever swaying in the steady current. Truly 
one of nature’s flower gardens, and it stretches for miles, follow- 
ing the course of the streams through the wilderness cv: pine, 
cedar and white sand, now narrowing, now widening out into 
broad stretches. Some seasons it is saturated with water and one 
can only browse along the edges, at others the dried vegetation 
forms a crust upon which one can walk with ease, though ever 
mindful that beneath is an almost bottomless morass of mud and 
decayed vegetation, so that it is safer in such spots to trust to 
fallen cedar logs and dense clumps of rushes in shaping one’s 
course. 

Fl.—tLate June to late July. 

Pine Barrens—Manchester (NB), Toms River, Whitings, Hanover, Clem- 
enton (H), Double Trouble, Island Hts. (KB), Woodmansie (KB), Forked 
River, Waretown (KB), West Creek (S), Stafford Forge (S), Tuckerton, 
Jones Mill (S), High Bridge (S), Speedwell, Chatsworth, Berlin (KB), Atco 


(KB), Jackson (P), Hammonton (Bassett), Atsion, Parkdale, Quaker 
Bridge, Elwood (KB), Pleasant Mills (S), Eighth St. 


Family DIOSCOREACE. Yams. 


Trailing vines with flowers similar to those of the last family, 


but dioecious. 
DIOSCOREA L.* 


Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves somewhat pubescent beneath. 'D, villosa, p. 358 
aa. Leaves glabrous. D. v. glabrifolia, p. 358 


* Cf Bartlett Bull. 180, Bur. Plant Indust. U. S. Dep. Agr. 


358 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Dioscorea villosa L. Wild Yam. 
Dioscorea villosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1033. 1753 [Virginia and Florida].— 
Knieskern 31.—Willis 63.—Britton 238. 

Thickets, usually in damp ground, throughout the State, ex- 
cept in the Pine Barren and coast districts, frequent. 

Only one of Linneus’ references is based upon an identifiable 
plant, and as that is our species, I prefer to retain his name. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July. Fr—Early autumn. 


Middle District—New Egypt, ‘Birmingham, Hartford, Medford (S), 
Chairville (S), Washington Park, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville (T), Twelfth St., Albion, Weekstown. 

Coast Strip.—Manahawkin, Barnegat, Coxe’s, Five-Mile Beach (T). 

Cape May—Goshen (S), Dias Creek (S), Cold Spring (S). 


Dioscorea villosa glabrifolia (Bartlett). Smooth Wild Yam. 


Dioscorea paniculata glabrifolia Bartlett, Bull. 189, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bureau 
Pl. Indust., 1910. 15 [Cherokee Co., Kas.]. 


Less common than the preceding and collected only in the 
Middle district. 
Fl. and Fr.—Similar to that of-the preceding. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant, Hartford, Yorktown. 


Family IRIDACEA. Flags, etc. 


Stamens, three opposite the outer segments of the perianth, 
style sometimes with large petal-like divisions. Comprises our 
Flags and Blue-eyed Grasses. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers blue. 
b. Style branches broad and petal-like, flowers large. 
c. Leaves 12-25 mm. wide. I. versicolor, p. 359 
cc. Leaves 3-5 mm. wide. I, prismatica, p. 359 
bb. Style branches filiform or obsolete, flowers small. 
c. Stem usually simple with a sessile terminal spathe. 
d. Capsules dark, 4-6 mm. high, pedicels about as long as the 
inner bract, stems 1.5-3 mm. broad, spathes usually green. 
Sisyrhinchium angustifolium, p. 360 
dd. Capsules pale, 2-4 mm. high, pedicel longer than the inner 
bract, stems 5-1.5 mm. broad, spathes usually purplish. 
S. mucronatum, p. 360 
cc. Stem branched above, bearing two or more spathes. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 359 


d. Inner bract scarious obtuse, 10-15 mm. long, stems wiry, often 
geniculate, plant pale and glaucous. S. atlanticum, p. 360 
dd. Inner bract acute, not scarious. 
e. Pedicels about as long as the inner bract. 
S. angustifolium, p. 360 
ee. Pedicels longer than bract. 
f. Stems .5-1.5 mm. broad, narrowly winged, not black 
when dry. S. mucronatum, p. 360 
ff. Stems 1.5-6 mm. broad, black when dried. 
g. Base of tufts covered with fibers, stem narrowly 


winged. S. arenicola, p. 360 

gg. Base of tufts without coarse fibers stem, broadly 

winged. S. graminoides, p. 360 

aa. Flowers crimson and purple mottled. [Gemmingia chinensis]* 
IRIS L. 


Iris versicolor L. Large Blue Flag. 
XXXVIL, Fig. 1. 
Iris versicolor Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 39. 1753 [Virginia, Maryland and Pennsyl- 
vania].—Knieskern 31.—Willis 63.—Britton 273. 

Swamps or meadows; common throughout the State except 
in the Pine Barrens. : 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Delanco, Timber Creek, Camden, Medford 
(S), Haddonfield, Lindenwold (S), Sewell (S), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville (introduced?). 


Coast Strip—Cox’s, Ship Bottom (L,), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Piermont, 
Holly Beach (UP), Cold Spring (OHB). 


Iris prismatica Pursh. Slender Blue Flag. 


Iris prismatica Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 30. 1814 [New Jersey near Ege Harbor}. 
—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 21. 1818—Britton 273—Keller and Brown 100. 
Iris virginica Knieskern 31.—Wilis 63. 

Swamps; occasional in the northern counties, common in the 
Middle and Pine Barren districts. 

Fil.—tLate May to late June. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Shark River, Pt. Pleasant, Pemberton Jnc. 
(S), Burlington, Lindenwold. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, High Bridge (S), Whiée Horse, Bear 
Swamp, Landisville, Sicklerville (S$), ‘Williamstown Jnc., Winslow Jnc., 
Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S$). 

Coast Strip—Sherburn’s (L,), Holgate’s (L). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


* Blackberry Lily, an Iris-like plant, occasionally escaping from cultivation. 


360 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


SISYRINCHIUM L. 
Sisyrinchium mucronatum Mich. Michaux’s Blue-eyed Grass. 


Sisyrinchium inucronatum Michaux, Flor. Bor. Am. II. 23. 1803 [Pennsyl- 
vania]. 

Sisyrinchium intermedium Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26. Sept., 1899. 
498 [Mickleton, N. J.]. 

Occasional in the Middle district and at Mays Landing, proba- 
bly more common northward. SS. intermedium Bicknell, seems 
to be merely an aberrant form of this, without constant distin- 
guishing characters. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. Fr.—Early June to early July. 


Middle District—Burlingtori, Mlickleton. 
Pine Barrens——Mays Landing. 


Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. Northern Blue-eyed Grass. 
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8. 2. 1768 [no loc.].— 
Britton 238 (in part). 
Rare and local, apparently coastal. 
Fl., etc.—Probably similar to ‘S. mucronatunt. 


Coast Strip—Herman (below Batsto), Tuckerton. 


Sisyrinchium graminoides Bicknell. Broad-leaved Blue-eyed Grass. 


Sisyrinchium graminoides Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 23. 133. 1806 [Eastern 
U. S., Mass. southward]. 
?Sisyrinchium mucronatum Barton Fl. Phila. I. 23. 1818. 
Common in meadows and moist ground in the Middle and 
rare in the coast district. : 
Fl.—tLate May to late June. F'r.—Mid-June to mid-July. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Farmingdale (S), Burlington, Wenonah, 


Washington “Park, Andrews, Buckshutem, Swedesboro. 
Coast Strip.—Piermont. 


Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bicknell. Coastal Blue-eyed Grass. 


Sisyrinchium Atlanticum Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 23. 134. 1896 [Van 
Courtland Park, N. Y. City]_—Keller and Brown 106. 

?Sisyrinchium anceps Torrey Fl. U. S. 1. 42. 1824. 

Sisyrinchium Bermudiana Knieskern 31.—Willis 63. 
Common in swamps and meadows throughout our region and 

probably northward as well. Most plentiful in the Pine Barrens. 
Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. Fr.—Early June to early July. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 361 


Middle District—Farmingdale (S), Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Pemberton 
(NY), Lindenwold, Washington Park, Glassboro, Yorktown, Buckshutem. 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire (S), Bayhead, Forked River, Bamber, Manahawkin, 
West Creek, Browns Mills, Albion, Landisville, Bear Swamp, Williamstown 
Jnc., Cedar Lake, Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe. 


Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Beach Haven (L), Spray 
Beach (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L,), Avalon. 


Sisyrinchium arenicola Bicknell. Sand Blue-eyed Grass. 


Sisyrinchium arenicola Bicknell, Torrey Club Bull. 26. Sept. 1899. 406 
[Coast of Long Island and New Jersey]. 
Middle district, not very abundant. 
Fl.—Late May to late June. Fr.—Mid-June to mid-July. 


Middle District—Red Bank (NY), New Egypt, Birmingham, Asbury 
Park, Clementon, Millville, Yorktown. 


Order ORCHIDALES. 
Family ORCHIDACEA. Orchids. 


Perennial herbs with tuberous roots or bulbs. Flowers curi- 
ously irregular, composed of six segments, the three outer 
(sepals) similar to one another, the lateral inner ones (petals) 
similar, but the middle one developed into a lip, usually larger 
than the others, fringed or spurred. Stamens often united with 
the style, pollen in several stalked masses; stigma, a viscid sur- 
face opposite the lip. 

Includes many of our most interesting and curious plants. 
Well represented in the bogs of the Pine Barrens. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Anthers 2; lip forming a large inflated sack. 


b. Flower purple, leaves at base. Cypripedium acaule, p. 363 
bb. Flower yellow, leaves scattered on the stem. 
c. Lip 30-so mm. long. C. pubescens, p. 364 
cc. Lip 25-30 mm. long. C. parviflorum, p. 364 


aa, Anther 1; lip not inflated into a sack. 
b. Flowers with a distinct slender spur, arranged a spike. 
c. Leaves present at flowering time.’ 
d. Flowers white. 
e. Lip with long fringe. Blephariglottis blephariglottis, p. 367 
eg. Lip not fringed. Gymnadeniopsis nivea, p. 366 


362 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE: MUSEUM. 


dd. Flowers orange. 
e. Lip fringed. 


f. Five mm. long. Blephariglottis cristata, p. 367 
ff. Ten mm. long. B. ciliaris, p. 367 
ee. Lip not fringed. Gymnadeniopsis integra, p. 365 


ddd. Flowers pink. 
e. Lip fringed. 
f. 10-12 mm. broad, spike 30 mm. in diameter. 
B. psycodes, p. 369 
ff. 18-20 mm. broad, spike 50 mm. in diameter. 
B. grandiflora, p. 369 
ee. Lip not fringed, but somewhat irregular. 
B. peramoena, p. — 
dddd. Flowers green or greenish white. 
e. Lip fringed. B. lacera, p. 369 
eg. Lip not fringed, but somewhat irregular. 
f. Lip three parted at tip, flowers greenish white. 
Gymnadeniopsis clavellata, p. 365 
ff. Lip truncate at tip, flowers pale yellowish green. 
Perularia flava, p. 364 
ddddd. Flowers pink and white, leaves two, at base. 
Galearis spectabilis, p. 364 
cc. Leaf (single at base) absent at flowering time, flowers green tinged 
with purple. Tipularia discolor, p. 378 
bb. Flowers without a spur. 
c. Flowers at least 15 mm. in diameter, single or several on a stalk. 
d. Leaf linear or lanceolate grass-like, flowers pink. 
e. Flowers 4-10. Limodorum tuberosum, p. 372 
ee. Flower solitary (leaf absent at flowering time). 
Arethusa bulbosa, p. 372 
dd. Leaf oval or oblong lanceolate, flowers pink. 
e. Lip lacerate, sepals 20 mm. long. 
Pogonia ophioglossoides, p. 376 
ee. Lip toothed, sepals 40-50 mm. long. P. divaricata, p. 370 
ddd. Leaves five in a whorl at the top of the stem, petals greenish 
yellow, sepals slender terete, much elongated, purplish. 
Isotria verticillata, p. 371 
cc. Flowers less than 15 mm. in diameter, in a spike or raceme. 
d. No leaves, whole plant purplish. 
e. Lip three lobed. Corallorhiza maculata, p. 379 
ee. Lip entire or margin undulate. 
f. Flowers 6-8 mm. long, blooms in Aug Sept. 
C. odontorhiza, p. 379 
ff. Flowers 14 mm. long. blooms in spring. 
C. wisteriana, p. 379 
dd. Leaves present. 
e. Leaves basal, variegated with white lines, forming a sort of 
mesh work. Peramium pubescens, p. 376 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 363 


ee. Leaves not variegated. 
f. Flowers not white. 
g. Leaf single. 
h, At base of scape. Aplectrum hyemale, p. 378 
hh. About the middle of scape. 
Acroanthes unifolia, p. 376 
gg. Leaves two. 
h. About the middle of scape. 
Listera australis, p. 375 
hh, At base of scape. 
i. Flowers yellowish green, 
Leptorchis leselii, p. 377 
si. Flowers brownish purple. L. liliifolia, p. 377 
ff. Flowers white, usually in a spirally arranged spike. 
g. Leaves oblong lanceolate, 1 dm. long by 10 mm. wide, 
blooming in spring or early summer. 
G. plantaginea, p. 373 
gg. Leaves long and grass-like, .7-3.5 dm. long, blooming 
in late summer or autumn. 
h. Flowers in several ranks. G. cernua, p. 373 
hh. Flowers in a single rank. 
i. Scape almost glabrous, 4-7 dm. high. 
G. precox, p. 374 
i. Scape pubescent above, 1.5-5 dm. high. 
; G. vernalis, p. 374 
ggg. Leaves ovate or elliptic, absent at flowering time— 
late summer or autumn. 
h. Plant.2-6 dm. high, lips of flower green, a cluster 


of tuber-like roots. G. gracilis, p. 375 
hh. Plant 1.2-2.5 dm. high, lip white, a single tuber- 
like root. G. beckii, p. 375 


CYPRIPEDIUM L. 
Cypripedium acaule Ait. Moccasin Flower. 


Pl. XLII. 

Cypripedium acaule Aiton, Hort. Kew. III: 303. 1789 [North America].— 
Knieskern 31.—Willis 62—Rafinesque Med. Fl. I:144. 1828.—Britton 
236.—Keller and Brown 107. 

Cypripedium humile Barton Fl. Phila. II: 145. 1818, 


Sandy woods throughout the State; frequent. 
F].—Early May to early June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arney’s Mt. (S), Camden, 
Westville, Washington Park, Orchard (S), Medford (S), Swedesboro, 
Bridgeton (S). 

Pine Barrens—Manahawkin, Speedwell (S), Jackson, Cedar Brook, Wil- 
liamstown Jnc. (S), Landisville, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Beesley’s 
Pt. (S), Tuckahoe. 

Cape May.—Dennisville, Cold Spring, Cape May (OHB). 


364 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Cypripedium pubescens Willd. Large Yellow Slipper-Plant. 


Cypripedium pubescens Willdenow, Syst. Pl. IV. 143, 1805 [North Amer- 
ica] —Willis 62—Britton 236—Keller and Brown 108. 


Rich woods; frequent in the northern counties, rare and local 
southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early May to late May. 


Middle District—Englishtown (C), Washington Park (KB), Bet. Mullica 
Hill and Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. 


Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. Smal! Yellow Slipper-Plant. 


Cypripedium parviforum Salisbury, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1:77. 1791 [Vir- 
ginia]—Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. II: 5094. 1814. 
Rich woods of the northern counties, local. Very rare in the 
Middle district, only one station recorded in Britton’s catalogue 
on authority of R. W. Brown and no specimen seen. 


Middle District—Keyport (C). 


GALEARIS Rafinesque.* 
Galearis spectabilis (L.). Showy Orchis. 
Pl. XLIV. 

Orchis spectabilis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 943. 1753 [Virginia] —Willis 61.—Brit- 

ton 233. 

Rich woods; common in the northern district and occasional 
southward in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Early May to late May. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), Freehold (C), Bordentown (C), New 
Egypt, Swedesboro, Sharpstown (H), Oliphant’s Mill (H). 


* 


PERULARIA Lindley. 
Perularia flava (L.). Pale-green Orchis. 


Orchis flava Linneus, Sp. Pl. 942. 1753 [Virginia].—Nuttall Gen. II. 188. 
1818. 
Habenaria flava Britton 234. 


* The generic name Galearis of Rafinesque 1836, has usually been rejected 
as too near Galzaria Presl 1830, and Galeorchis was proposed by Rydberg as 
a substitute. There is a tendency now, however, to retain all names possible 
which are not absolutely identical or differ only in gender terminations, and I 
think Galearis can safely be retained. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 365 


3 
Swamps; frequent in the northern district, very rare within 
our limits. Only one specimen seen. 
Toms River (NB). 


Fl.—Early June to early July. 


GYMNADENIOPSIS Rydberg. 
Gymnadeniopsis integra (Nutt.). Southern Yellow Orchis. 


Orchis integra Nuttall Gen. II: 188. 1818 [Swamps of New Jersey (=Egg 
Harbor.) ]. 


Habenaria integra Willis 61—Britton 234. 
?Gymnadenia flava Knieskern 30. 
Gymnandeniopsis integra Keller and Brown 108. 

Pine Barren swamps; very rare and local. 

Nuttall’s original specimens in the Philadelphia Academy 
herbarium are labeled “Egg Harbour,” which in those days 
meant Beesley’s Point, on Great Egg Harbor. Chas. Pickerring 
later found the plant at Quaker Bridge, and on August 26, 
1863, Chas. F. Parker also collected it there. All these speci- 
mens I have examined. Prior to 1856 Dr. Knieskern had 
collected the plant somewhere in Ocean or Monmouth County, 
according to his List, although there seems to me some question 
whether the plant to which he refers was not Blephariglottis 
cristata. This is well known from Dr. Knieskern’s territory, 
and yet he does not mention it. Rev. Saml. Lockwood also re- 
ported C. integra to Dr. Britton from Allaire. The only recent 
record that we have is a specimen collected by Mr. Geo. Reddles 
at Quaker Bridge some ten years ago and identified as this, 
though unfortunately it was not preserved. 

All our efforts to find this orchid have failed, although likely 
spots in the Pine Barrens have been diligently searched. 


Pine Barrens.—Allaire (C), Quaker Bridge (C. Pickering in A. N. S. and 
C. F. Parker in U. of P.), “Egg Harbor”=Beesley’s Pt. 


Gymnadeniopsis clavellata (Michx.). Green Wood Orchis. 
Orchis clavellata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II:155. 1803 [Carolina]. 
Gymnadenia tridentata Knieskern 30. 

Habenaria tridentata Willis 61—A. Brown, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club VIT. 114. 
1880.—Britton 234. 
Gymnandeniopsis clavellata Keller and Brown 108. 


366 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Swamps especially in woodland; frequent throughout the 
State. 
Fl.—Late July to mid-August. 


Middle District-—Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Camden, Mt. Ephraim (P), 
Medford (S), Lindenwold, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (NJ), Forked River, Manchester (NB), Bam- 
ber, Waretown, Barnegat, Coxes, Berlin, Clementon, Eighth St. (T), Quaker 
Bridge, Batsto, Forks of Batsto, Palermo, Sea Isle Jnc. (S). 

Cape May.—Goshen, Green Creek (S), Dias Creek (S), Cold Spring, 
Whitesboro ($). 

Gymnadeniopsis nivea (Nutt.). Snowy Orchis. 
Pl. XLVII. 


Orchis nivea Nuttall, Gen. IL: 188, 1818 [Betwixt St. Mary’s and Satilla 
River, W. Florida]. 

Gymnandeniopsis nivea Long, Torreya 1908, 16. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. 
Phila., 1908, 458. 

Open bogs in southern €ape [May County; locally common. 

One of the greatest surprises of recent botanical investigations 
in southern New Jersey was the discovery of this plant by Mr. 
Bayard Long on July 24, 1907. 

It was hard to imagine that in a region so frequently scoured 
by botanists an undetected and conspicuous orchid had been 
blooming all these years, and yet such was the case. The ex- 
plantation probably lies in the fact that the bogs in which the 
plant grows are off the usual line of travel and directly away 
from the sea and the salt marshes, which seem always to have 
attracted the botanists who visited the region. Then, again, 
the late blooming of this species was doubtless also a factor in 
concealing its presence, as the usual conspicuous bog flowers 
are, for the most part, over before it starts to blossom. 

The systematic efforts of the members of the Philadelphia 
Botanical Club to explore all the bogs of this region that were 
marked on the maps were responsible for discovering the locality, 
and to Mr. Long is due the credit for recognizing the plant 
from the leaves and old withered flower stalk. A later visit 
by Mr. Van Pelt and the writer revealed the plant just beginning 
to bloom, while on September 4, 1907, it was at its height and 
was found to be far more plentiful than at first supposed, its 
white spikes rising above the grass all over the bogs. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 367 


The bogs in which this orchid grows seem to be peculiar in 
their flora, and other species known only from Delaware, south- 
ward, occur there commonly, such as Boltonia asteroids, Xyris 
elata, Coelorachis rugosa, etc. Mr. O. H. Brown informs me 
that a peculiar white clay underlies this chain of bogs which is 
not found elsewhere in Cape May County, so far as he is aware. 

When examining the State Herbarium at New Brunswick I 
found a specimen of this orchid from the herbarium of W. H. 
Leggett labeled “Southern N. J.,” with a note by Dr. Britton 
to the effect that he does not believe it came from New Jersey. 

Fl.—E arly August to mid-September. 

Cape May—Bogs near Bennett. 

BLEPHARIGLOTTIS Rafinesque. 
Blephariglottis cristata (Michx.). Crested Yellow Orchis. 


Orchis cristata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 156. 1803 [Carolina].—Barton, 
Fl. Phila. II. 138. 1818. 

Habenaria cristata Willis, 61.—Britton 234. 

Blephariglottis cristata Keller and Brown Io9. 


Bogs and damp ground; frequent in the Pine Barren and 
Cape May regions and rare and local in the Middle district, even 
to Hudson County. 

Fl.—tLate July to late August. 

Middle District.—Gloucester Pt. Griffiths Swamp, Haleyville (P). 

Pine Barrens.—Long Branch, Asbury Park (C), Spring Lake (NB), Pt. 
Pleasant (S), Speedwell (S), Jones Mill (S), Atsion (Bassett), Pleasant 
Mills (S), Hammonton, Winslow, Pancoast (NB), Egg Harbor City, 


Beesley’s Pt. (S). 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Dias Creek (S), Green Creek (S), Num- 


meytown, Whitesboro (S). 


Blephariglottis ciliaris (L.). Yellow Fringed Orchis. 
Pl. XLV. 
Orchis cilaris Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 939. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Barton, 
Fi. Phila. II. 136. 1818. 

Platanthera ciliaris Knieskern 31. 
Habenaria ciliaris Willits 61.—Britton 235. 
Blephariglottis ciliaris Keller and Brown 109. 

Bogs in the Middle and Cape May districts, casually north- 
ward (Bergen, Essex and Hudson counties), and occasional in 
the Pine Barrens; local and not very common. 


Fi.—Late July to late August. 


368 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Red Bank, Mon. Co. (NB), Lindenwold, Woodbury, 


Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens—Forked River (NY), Bamber, Landisville, Hammonton. 
Cape May.—Bennett. 


Blephariglottis blephariglottis (Willd.). White Fringed Orchis. 


Orchis blephariglottis Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 9. 1805 [Pennsylvania (Prob. 
=N. J.) ].—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 385. 1814.—Barton, Fl. Phila. IT. 
136. 1818. 

Platanthera blephariglottis Knieskern 31. 

Habenaria blephariglottis ‘Willis 61.—Britton 235. 

Blephariglottis blephariglottts Keller and Brown 109. 

Bogs, abundant in the Pine Barren and Cape May districts 
and locally in the Middle district, extending to Bergen, Hudson 
and Mercer counties. 

The White Fringed Orchis impresses the visitor to the Pine 
Barrens more than any other plant. There is a delicacy and 
beauty about it that seem to remove it entirely from the class of 
“wild flowers” and it seems as if it belonged rather with the 
greenhouse exotics. 

Throughout midsummer nearly every boggy spot in the Pine 
Barrens is decked with the white plumes of this orchid, some 
of the flower spikes being 15-18 cm. in length. 

Between this and the last there is scarcely any difference, ex- 
cept in the matter of color, and when they are dried it is well 
nigh impossible to tell them apart. 

Two hybrids occur in which this species is concerned. “B 
bicolor Rafinesque is B. blephariglottis x B. ciliaris and has 
been found at Bamber by Mr. Bayard Long, August 25, 1909. 

B. canbyi Ames* (B. blephariglottis x B. cristata) has been 
collected a number of times in the Pine Barrens and Cape May 
peninsula. It varies both in size and color of the flowers. I 
have it from Cape May Court House and Belleplain. 

Fl.—Mid-July to mid-August. 

Middle District—Camden, Red Bank, Paulsboro, Woodbury, Lindenwold, 
Tomlin (S), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek (S), Haleyville (P). 


Pine Barrens—Long Branch, Asbury Park, Ocean Grove (P), Pt. Pleasant 
(S), Toms River (S), West Creek (S), Jones Mill (S), Atsion (S), Speed- 


* Rhodora 1908, 70 [Lewes, Del.] 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW. JERSEY. 369 


well (S), Ballenger’s Mill (S), Bear Swamp (S), Landisville, Winslow (S), 
Pleasant Mills (S), Folsom, Egg Harbor City (S), Belleplain (S$), Wood- 
bine (S). 

Cape May.—Goshen, Court House (S), Whitesboro (S), Bennett (S). 
Blephariglottis lacera (Michx.). Green Fringed Orchis, Ragged Orchis. 
Pl. XLVI. 

Orchis lacera Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 156. 1803 [Carolina]. 
Habenaria lacera Willis 61.—Britton 235. 
Blephariglottis lacera Keller and Brown 109. 

Swamps and bogs frequent in the Northern, Middle and Cape 
May districts; occasional on the Coast. 

Fl.—tLate June to late July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant, Brindletown, Burlington, 
Pemberton Jnc. (S), Camden (P), Lindenwold (S), Tomlin, Kirkwood, 
Centerton, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens ?.—Landisville. 

Coast Strip—Holgate’s (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring, Bennett, Cape May (P). 

Blephariglottis grandiflora (Bigel.). Large Purple Fringed Orchis. 
Orchis grandiflora Bigelow, Fl. Bost. Ed. II. 321. 1824 [Massachusetts]. 
Habenaria fimbriata Britton 235. 

Blepharioglottis fimbriata Keller and Brown 109. 

Rich woods and moist clearings: very rare in the Middle dis- 
trict, more frequent northward. 

Fl.—Early June to early July. 


Middle District—Camden, Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. 


Blephariglottis psycodes (L.). Small Purple Fringed Orchis. 

Orchis psycodes Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 943. 1753 [Canada]. 
Habenaria psycodes Britton 235. 
Blephariglottis psycodes Keller and Brown 109. 

Open swamps; northern counties frequent, and very rare 
southward in the Middle district. 

FI.—Mid-July to mid-August. 

Middle District—-Freehold (C), Red Bank, Mullica Hill, July, 1891 (H), 
Swedesboro, River Swamp near Camden, Aug. 1861 (P). 


Blephariglottis peramoena (Gray.). Fringeless Purple Orchis. 
Habenaria (Platanthera) peramena Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 38: 310. 1840 [New 
York to Virginia]. 
Blephariglottis peramena Stone, Bartonia J. 21. 1909. 
24 MUS 


370 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Open swamps in the upper Middle district in Mercer and Mon- 
mouth counties and along the border of the salt marsh in Cape 
May County; rare and local. 

The “Haddonfield” specimen in the Martindale Herbarium* at 
the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy was one of several found 
by John Harned, August, 1879, on Coopers Creek, two miles 
above Stoy’s Landing. 

Fl.—Mid-July to mid-August. 


Middle District—Haddonfield (CP), Sharon (C). 
Cape May.—Court House. 


POGONIA Jussieu. 
Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.). Rose Pogonia. 


Pl. XLVIII. 


Arethusa ophioglossoides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 951. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Pogonia ophioglossoides Knieskern 31.—Willis 62—Britton 233.—Keller and 
Brown rio. 


Open bogs throughout the State, common in the Northern, 
Pine Barren and Cape May districts, less common and local in 
the Middle district. 

This is a beautiful orchid and one that is generally distributed 
through the bogs of southern New Jersey, the large pink flowers 
being very showy. Asa rule there is but a single flower on each 
plant, but in a large bog near Bennett oni June 30, 1909, I found 
them quite frequently two-flowered. Occasionally white flowers 
occur. 

Fl.—Early June to early July, rarely later. 


Middle District—Shark River, Pemberton, Lindenwold (S), Westville, 
Camden, Swedesboro, Mickleton. 

Pine Barrens—Pt. Pleasant (S), Forked: River, Island Heights (NY), 
Manahawkin, Tuckerton, West Creek, High Bridge (S), Speedwell (S), Al- 
bion, Malaga (S), Andrews, Landisville (T), Twelfth St. (IT), Hammonton, 
Prospertown, Brindletown, Bear Swamp, Lakehurst, Quaker Bridge, Jackson, 
Atsion, Inskip, Sumner, Cedar Brook. 

Coast Strip—N. Beach Haven (L), Spray Beach (L), Seaside Park. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring, Bennett (S), Cape May. 


*cf, Torr. Bull.: XX. 98. Isaac C. Martindale (1842-1895) an active. 
botanist of Camden, N. J., and an authority on the plants of the southern 
part of the State. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 371 


Pogonia divaricata (L.). Spreading Pogonia. 


Arethusa divaricata Linneus Sp. Pl. gsr. 1753 [North America]. 
Pogonia divaricata Gray, Man. Ed. V. 507. 1867,—Willis 62—Britton 233.— 
Keller and Brown 110.—Stone, Bartonia II., 26. 1o10. 


Open swampy or boggy spots, Pine Barren and Cape May 
districts, very rare and local. 

This splendid Orchid was apparently first collected in the State 
by D. C. Eaton, at Batsto (in 1860 ?), and again July 7, 1864, at 
Quaker Bridge, by W. H. Leggett. From that time on there js 
no evidence of its having been found in New Jersey until June 
30, 1909, when the writer discovered a small colony of plants 
near Bennett, Cape May Co., N. J. These specimens were not 
growing out in the wet bog where P. ophioglossoides abounded, 
but in a dryer spot near the edge, well concealed among various 
sedges, grasses, etc. They bloomed again in 1910 and produced 
seed, although the farmer’s scythe passed within a couple of feet 
of them and they narrowly escaped being transformed into hay. 

Fl.—June 30 and July 7. 

Pine Barrens—Batsto (C), Quaker Bridge (NB). 
Cape May.—Bennett. 
ISOTRIA Rafinesque. 
Isotria verticillata (Willd.). Whorled Pogonia.* 
Pl, UTX, 


Arethusa verticillata “Muhl.,” Willdenow Sp. Pl. IV.:81. 1805 [Pennsyl- 
vania]. : 

Pogonia verticillata Knieskern 31.—Willis 62.—Britton 233. 

Isotria verticillata Keller and Brown 110. 


Low woodlands; frequent in the northern counties and less 
common in the Middle district. Very rare in the Pine Barrens. 

This curious species flowers before the leaves are fully de- 
veloped. The flower, though rather inconspicuously colored— 
green and purplish brown—is striking on account of its peculiar 
structure, the long terete sepals resembling the appendages on 
the mouth of a cat-fish. 


\ 


*The Triphora trianthophora recorded in Keller and Brown’s list on the 
authority of Miss Cora S. Ware (from road beyond Elmer) cannot be verified, 
and is pretty certainly based on an error of identification. No specimen was 
preserved, and Miss Ware cannot remember who reported the plant to her. 
It was thought to have beeri collected in June, while Triphora does not bloom 
until August, and is altogether unlikely in the coastal plain. 


372 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


The whorl of leaves later in the summer would easily be mis- 
taken for a young plant of Medeola in which only one whorl had 
been developed. 

Fl.—Mid-May to late May. 

Middle District.—Keyport (C), Florence (C), Camden, Westville, Had- 
donfield (S), Mickleton (H), Wenonah (KB), Red Bank, Clarksboro (H), 
Yorktown, Swedesboro (CDL), Woodstown (KB), Salem (C). 

Pine Barrens—Hammonton (NB), Ancora (KB). 

ARETHUSA L. 
Arethusa bulbosa L. Arethusa. 


Arethusa bulbosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 950. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Barton Fl. Phila. II: 141. 1818—Knieskern 31.—Willis 62.—Britton 232. 
—Keller and Brown 110. 


Open bogs; occasional in the northern counties and Middle 
Gistrict, locally common in the Pine Barrens and Cape May 
peninsula. 

Of the three large flowered pink bog orchids of the Pines— 
Pogomna, Limodorum and Arethusa—the last I think easily holds 
first place. There are no leaves at flowering time, the single 
narrow blade appearing later on, and the whole plant is suffused. 
with pink and crimson. The bulb seems to rest loosely in the 
sphagnum and can usually be easily lifted up, too easily for the 
safety of the species. 

Though rare and local in some spots, in others it is exceedingly 
abundant, and I have seen htindreds of the beautiful blossoms 
decking the bogs near Bay Head on Decoration Day, which 
marks the height of its flowering season. 

F'l.—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Between Pemberton and New Lisbon (NB), Kaighns Pt. 
Woodbury (KB), Griffith’s Swamp, 10 miles east Mickleton, 2 miles east 
Sewell (S), Daretown (KB). 

Pine Barrens.—Belmar (P), Pt. Pleasant, Farmingdale, Toms River, Forked 
River, Tuckerton, Whitings, Quaker Bridge (Bassett), Pleasant Mills, Ham- 
monton (KB), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe, Richland (H). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May (S). 

LIMODORUM L. 
Limodorum tuberosum L. Grass-pink. 


PL XXXIIL, Figs. 4, 5. 
Limodorum tuberosum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 950. 1753 [North America].—Keller 
and Brown Ill. 
Calopogon pulchellum Knieskern 31.—Willis 62. 
Calopogon tubersum and var. albiforus Britton 232. ' 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 373 


J 

Open bogs throughout the State; most plentiful in the Pine 
Barrens and northern counties. 

The Limodorum seems to be less restricted to the bogs than 
either the Arethusa or Rose Pogonia, and its beautiful cluster of 
crimson blossoms will be found in every little damp sandy spot 
where Drosera filiformis and Utricularia cleistogama like to 
grow. A's we drive over the long white sandy roads in early 
July these brilliant banners are almost the only touch of bright 
color to be seen. 

Fl.—E arly June to late July. 

Middle District—Shark River, Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Pemberton (NB), 
Lindenwold, Lawnside (S), Sicklerville (S), Mickleton, Dividing Creek (S). 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (S), Forked River, Lakehurst, West Creek, 
Tuckerton, Speedwell, White Horse, Atsion, Atco, Cedar Brook, Jackson, 
Bear Swamp (S), Albion, Williamtown Jnc., Winslow (S), Hospitality 
Bridge, 8th St, Richland, Landisville, Quaker Bridge, Hammonton, Egg 
Harbor City, Mays Landing, Woodbine, Belleplaine (S). 

Cape May.—Dennisville (OHB), Cold Spring. 

Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), N. Beach Haven (L). 


GYROSTACHYS Persoon.* 

Gyrostachys plantaginea (Raf.). Wide-leaved Ladies’ Tresses. 
Neottia plantaginea Rafinesque, Am. Mo, Mag. II. 206. 1818 [Fishkill, N. Y.]. 
Speiramthes latifola Britton 231. 

Reported from three localities in Sussex and Warren Counties 
in Britton’s Catalogue. Known in our region only from Palermo 
in the coast strip, where it was collected by Messrs. 5. S. Van 
Pelt and C. S. Williamson; and from the Delaware shore above 
Burlington, where Mr. Isaac Burk found it June 22, 1873. 

Fl.—Late May to late June. 


Coast Strip—Palermo, Above Burlington (P). 


Gyrostachys cernua (L.). Nodding Ladies’ Tresses. 
Pl. LIT. 


Ophrys cernua Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 946. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Speiranthes ceruna Knieskern 31.—Willis 61.—Britton 231. 


* Mr. House advocates the substitution of Ibidiwm for this genus, on the 
ground that Gyrostachys was not properly published. The citation of several 
species is ‘really far better than a diagnosis, and the making of actual com- 
binations with the new generic name a trivial matter, which does not affect its 
status. By usage customary among zoologists the validity of Gyrostachys 
could not be questioned. (cf. House, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 32, 380—1905.) 


374 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Damp ground; frequent throughout the State, least abundant 
in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Early September to mid-October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Camden, Medford (S), Orchard (S), Had- 
donfield, Lindenwold (S), Clementon, Swedesboro, Woodbury (P). 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Waretown, Whitings, Atco, Pleasant Mills, 
Hammonton (Bassett), Egg Harbor City, Sea Isle Jnc. (S). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring. 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Seaside Park -(S), Coxes, Barnegat 
City (L), Harvey Cedars (L), Ship Bottom (L), Spray Beach (L,), Palermo 
(S), Ocean View (S). 


Gyrostachys przcox (Walt.). Grass-leaved Ladies’ Tresses. 
Limodorum precox Walter, Fl. Cor. 221. 1788 [South Carolina, probably 
Santee River]. 
Speiranthes graminea var. precox Britton 231. 
Gyrostachys precox Keller and Brown III. 

Swamps and damp ground; frequent in the Pine Barren, Cape 
May and Coast districts, less so in the Middle district. 

Besides G. vernalis we have a larger species of Ladies’ Tresses 
growing in wet bogs instead of damp sand and blooming later. 
Structurally it differs in having the stem nearly glabrous above. 
Mr. Oakes Ames in his monograph* has identified specimens 
from several of our localities as G. precox, and we have so 
regarded it. Dr. John K. Small, however, regards typical speci- 
mens from Bennett as G. vernalis. As I do not feel able to unite 
the two forms, I let them stand subject to further study. 

Fl.—Early August to late September. 

Middle District—Seven miles west of Mickleton. 

Pine Barrens—Atsion, Speedwell, Hospitality Br., Crowleytown, Quaker 


Bridge (P). 
Cape May.—Bennett. 


Gyrostachys vernalis (Engelm. and Gray.). 


Speiranthes vernalis Engelmann and Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. V. 236. 
1845 [Galveston, Texas]. 


Rather frequent along the coast strip and rarely in the Pine 
Barrens. 
Fl._—tLate June—early August. ‘ 


* Orchidaceae Fasc. I., pp. 113-156. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 375 


Pine Barrens—Winslow Jnc., Woodbine. 

Coast Strip.—Toms River, Avon, Absecon, Atlantic City, Ocean City, 
Longport, Wildwood, Anglesea, Cold Spring, Spray Beach (L), Beach 
Haven Terrace (L), Barnegat City (L). 


Gyrostachys beckii (Lindley.). Beck’s Ladies’ Tresses. 


Spiranthes Beckii Lindley, Gen. and Sp. Orchids. 472. 1840 [Massachusetts, 
New Jersey and Delaware].—Willis 61.—Britton 232. 
Gyrostachys simplex Keller and Brown 111. 


Frequent in sandy ground throughout our limits and north to 
Bergen Co. 
Fl.—Mid-July to mid-September. 


Middle District—Shark River (NB), Keyport (C), Wrightstown (C), 
Brindletown, Camden (P), Cooper’s Creek, Lindenwold, Clarksboro Frank- 
linville (C), Swedesboro, Bridgeton, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens——Manahawkin, Speedwell (S), Atsion (S), Clementon (S), 
Taunton (S), Hammonton (Bassett), Egg Harbor City, Absecon (S), 
Palermo (S$). 

Cape May.—Court House(S), Cold Spring (OHB), Bennett, Cape May 
(KB). 


Gyrostachys gracilis (Bigel.). Slender Ladies’ Tresses. 
Plate LI. 


Neotia gracilis Bigelow Fl. Bost. Ed. II. 322. 1824 [Dry, hilly woods, 
Boston]. : 
Speiranthes gracilis Knieskern 31.—Willis 61—Britton 232. 

Frequent in the northern counties according to Britton, com- 
mon along the coastal strip, and occasional in the lower Middle 
and Cape May districts. Always near the coast or bay shore. 

Fl.—Early July to mid-September. 

Middle District—Long Branch, Camden (P), Gloucester (P), English- 
town (NY), Bridgeton, Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Barnegat City (L), West Creek, Palermo, 
Mays Landing (S), Cape May Court House. 


LISTERA R. Brown. 
Listera australis Lindl. Southern Twayblade. 


Listera australis Lindley, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 456. 1840 [Carolina].— 
Willis 61.—Britton. 231—Keller and Brown 112. 
Epipactis convallarioides Parsh Fl. Amer. Sept. II. sor. 1814. 
Listera cordata Nuttall Gen. II. 191. 1818.—Barton FI. Phila. II. 140. 1818. 
Very rare and local in the Middle and Pine Barren districts; 


only known from three stations. 


376 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


In 1818 Barton states that the plant is ‘‘very rare in the dark 
swampy wood bordering a road leading from Kaighn’s Point to 
the Woodbury road,” and specimens in the Philadelphia Acad- 
emy Herbarium are labelled “Camden to Kaighn’s Pt.” and 
“Below Gloucester Pt.” Just how many stations were known to 
the older botanists I cannot say, but they all seem to have been in 
the immediate vicinity of Camden, and all seem to have been 
covered by the encroachment of the city and adjoining towns. 
It was, therefore, a matter of no small interest when Mr. Geo. 
W. Bassett, on June 1, 1908, found a specimen of Listera in a 
cedar swamp on Alberson’s branch, five miles north of Hammon- 
ton, an entirely new locality. Possibly further search in cedar 
swamps will result in its discovery elsewhere. 

Fl.—Probably very early. Specimen May 24 has capsules de- 
hisced and broken up. 

Middle District—Camden to Kaighns Pt. below Gloucester Pt. 

Pine Barrens——Five mi. N. Hammonton. 

PERAMIUM Salisbury. 
Peramium pubescens (Willd.). Rattlesnake Plantain. 
Pl. L. 

Neottia pubescens Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 76. 1805 [Canada—Florida.] 
Goodyera pubescens Britton 232. 
Peramium pubescens Keller and Brown 112. 

Rich woods of the northern counties, frequent, and less com- 
mon southward in the upper Middle district and in southern Cape 
May County. 

Fl.—Late July to early August. 

Middle District—Asbury Park, Allentown, New Egypt, Brindletown, Bir- 


mingham, Kirkwood (C), Medford (S), Camden (P), Gloucester (P), 
Mickleton (H). 


Pine Barrens.—Arcola, Near Hammonton (Bassett). 
Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


ACROANTHES Rafinesque. 
Acroanthes unifolia (Michx.). Green Adder’s-Mouth. 


Malaxis unifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 157. 1803 [Carolina—Florida]. 

Malaxis ophioglossoides Nuttall Gen. II: 196. 1818—Barton Fl. Phila. II. 
143. 1818. 

Microstylis unifolia Britton 229. 

Acroanthes unifolia Keller and Brown 112. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 377 


Woods; Northern and upper Middle districts rare and local, 
also once in the Pine Barrens. 

Barton records it from three miles north of Woodbury, and 
Mr. Lippincott has collected it at a station near Swedesboro, in 
July, 1890, 1891 and 1894. 

Fl.—Early July to early August. 


Middle District—Red Bank Mon. Co. (C), Keyport (C), Swedesboro 
(CDL), Hammonton (A. N. S. coll. by G. W. Bassett July 13,, 1879). 


LEPTORCHIS Thouars. 
Leptorchis liliifolia (L.). Large Twayblade. 
Pl. XLITI. 
Ophrys liliifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 946. 1753 [Virginia]. 


Liparis lilliifolia Knieskern 31—Willis 62.—Britton 229. 
Leptorchis lilliifolia Keller and Brown 112. 


Frequent in woods of the northern counties and rare south- 
ward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Late May to late June. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), New Egypt, Bordentown (C), Camden, 
Gloucester (P), Auburn, Medford (8), Mickleton (H), Oliphant’s Mill 
(KB), Riddleton (KB). 

Pine Barrens?—Manchester (C). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Leptorchis loeselii (L.). Loesel’s Twayblade. 


Ophrys Loeselit Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 947. 1753 [Suecia and Borussia]. 

Liparis Loeselii Britton 230. 

Leptorchis Loeselii Keller and Brown 112.—Crawford, Bartonia I. 18. 1909.— 
Stone do. 20. 


Locally in the Northern and upper Middle districts; also rare 
on the coast to southern Cape May County and once in the Pine 


Barrens. 
Fi:-—Late {May to late June. 


Middle District—Browns Mills (NB), Medford (S), Kirkwood (KB), 
Mickleton (H). 

Pine Barrens-—Hanover (C), Atsion. 

Coast Strip.—Surf City (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Longport, Angle- 
sea (OHB). 

Cape May—Cold Spring (S). 


378 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


TIPULARIA Nuttall. 
Tipularia discolor (Pursh.). Crane-fly Orchis. 


Orchis discolor Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. II. 586. 1814 [Pine Barrens, N. J. to 


S. C.]. 
Tipularia discolor Willis 62. 
Tipularia unifolia Britton 231.—Keller and Brown 113.—Van Pelt, Bartonia 


I. 25. 19009. 

Rare and local in woods of the Northern and Middle districts 
and in the lower Cape Miay peninsula. 

This curious orchid was found in lower Cape May County 
a number of years ago by Mr. Joseph Crawford, but was not 
discovered again until detected by Mr. O. H. Birown, who has 
in the last few years found it at a number of scattered stations 
in dark oak and pine woods of the lower third of the peninsula. 
The single leaf arises in autumn and persists throughout the 
winter, but perishes before the flowers appear. ‘The absence of 
any foliage and the spidery character and obscure coloring of 
the flowers makes it an exceedingly difficult plant to detect. 

Pursh’s type locality was Pine Barrens of New Jersey, but 
he probably used the term loosely. 

Fl.—Early July to early August. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Birmingham, Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Road to Fishing Creek (OHB), Cape May, N. of New Eng- 
land Creek. 


APLECTRUM Nuttall. 
Aplectrum hyemale Muhl. Adam-and-Eve, Putty-root. 


Aplectrum hyemale “Muhlenberg,” Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4. 107. 1805 [Penn- 
sylvania]. 
Aplectrum spicatum Britton 230—Keller and Brown 113. 

‘Rather rare and local in the Northern district and collected 
at Swedesboro, Salem County, June 26, 1892, by Mr. Charles 
D. Lippincott, the only record for the region covered by this list. 
A close ally of the preceding and almost as difficult to discover. 
The leaf develops in late summer, persists over winter, but 
perishes shortly after the flowering season. 

Fl—tLate May to early June. 


Middle District —Swedesboro. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 379 


\ 
CORALLORHIZA R. Brown. 


Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad. Wister’s Coral-root. 


Corallorhiza Wisteriana Conrad, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. VI. 145. 1829 
{Schuylkill below Falls and Wissahickon Creek, Phila.]. 

Rare in woodlands of the Middle district. Known from only 
one station. Named in honor of its discoverer, Mr. Charles J. 
Wister (1782-1865), an early Philadelphia botanist.* 

Fl.—tLate Atpril to early June. 

Middle District—Swedesboro. 


Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.). Small Coral-root. 


Pl. LIL. 


Cymbidium Odontorhiza ‘Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 110. 1805 [Canada 
Virginia]. 

Corallorhiza Odontorhiza Nutt. Gen. II. 197. 1818.—Barton, Fl. Phila. IT. 
144. 1818.—Britton 230.—Keller and Brown 112. 

Frequent in woods of the northern counties and rare and local 
southward in the Middle District, also in southern Cape May 
County. 

Fl.—Mid-August well into September, or even later. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Camden (P), Gloucester (P), 
Mickleton (H), Swedesboro (CDL), Mullica Hill (NB), Woodbury Road, 
Sewell (C). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Corallorhiza maculata Raf. Large Coral-root. 


Corallorhiza maculata Refinesque, Amer. Mo. Mag. II. 119. 1817 [Flatbush, 
L. I.].—Britton 230.—Keller and Brown 114. 


Rather frequent in woods of the northern counties. Rare 
southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Late July into September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Camden (NB). 


* Cf. Gardner’s Monthly, VII., 271. 


380 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Sub-Class Il. DICOTYLEDONES. 
Key to the Groups. 


a. Insectivorous plants, usually somewhat suffused with crimson. 
b. Leaves cup-like, lined on the inside with reflexed bristles. 
Sarraceniace, p. 467 
bb. Leaves slender; covered with glandular, sticky hairs. 
Droseracee, p. 467 
aa. Parasitic plants. 
b. Growing on the branches of trees, yellowish-green with inconspic- 
uous flowers and globular, somewhat translucent, white berries. 
Loranthacee, p. 416 
bb. Growing from the roots of trees, shrubs or herbs, devoid of green 
coloring. 
c. Corolla of 4-5 separate petals, plant white or yellowish, some- 
what tinged with pink, resembling a fungus. 
Monotropacee, p. 611 
cc. Corolla tubular, more or less two-lipped, plant brown or yel- 


lowish. Orobanchacee, p. 694 
bbb. Growing on bushes or herbs, a trailing vine with naked orange 
stem. Cuscutacee, p. 654 


aaa. Plants neither insectivorous nor obviously parasitic. 
b. Plants aquatic or semi-aquatic; floating, submerged or creeping 


on mud. p. 380 
bb. Plants with woody stems, 7. @., trees, shrubs and woody climbing 
vines. p. 381 
bbb. Plants with herbaceous stems, i. ¢., herbs and vines with herbaceous 
stems. , p. 385 


AQUATIC OR SEMI-AQUATIC DICOTYLEDENOUS PLANTS. 


a, Some or all of the leaves entire, undivided, floating on the surface of 
the water. 
b. Leaf-blades at least 25 mm. in length, often much more. 
c. Flowers on separate pedicels, large or medium sized, white, 


yellow or purplish. Nympheacee, p. 443 
cc. Flowers small, in a cluster at the base of the floating leaf; 
white or yellow. Limnanthemum, p. 644 


ccc. Flowers small, in a short, erect spike, pink. Polygonum, p. 419 
bb. Leaves small, much less than 25 mm. long, flowers minute, greenish. 
Callitriche, p. 529 
aa. None of the leaves floating on the surface, most of the plant submerged, 
leaves finely divided, usually into linear or filiform segments. 
b. Leaf-segments bearing little bladders; flowers conspicuous yellow or 
purple, irregular and spurred, raised above the surface, several on 
a slender scape. Utricularia, p. 688 
bb. No bladders present. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 381 


c. Leaves whorled around the stem, flowers minute, greenish. 
d. Leaves about 1 mm. broad at the base, branching and only 
the terminal divisions filiform, flowers sessile, axillary. 
Ceratophyllum, p. 446 
dd. Leaves filiform throughout, except on a stalk which rises 
above the surface, bearing minute greenish flowers and small 
lacerate-toothed leaves. Myriophyllum, p. 587 
cc. Leaves not in whorls. 
d, Flowers single with showy white or yellow petals, 5-8 mm. 
long. Ranunculacee, p. 448 
dd. Flowers small, greenish, whorled on an erect hollow stalk. 
Hottonia, p. 630 
aaa. Plant growing in water or creeping on the mud, flowers small and incon- 
spicuous. 
b. Leaves uniform or rounded, 4-20 mm. broad, flowers axillary 
toward the end of the stem, brownish with red anthers. 
Chrysosplenium, p. 472 
bb. Leaves opposite spatulate entire, 12-25 mm. long, flowers axillary. 
Isnardia, p. 580 
bbb. Leaves alternate lanceolate, 20-50 mm. long, sharply serrate or 
incised pinnatifid. Proserpinaca, p. 586 
bbbb. Leaves minute, oblonge linear, flowers very minute. 
c. Leaves opposite. 
d. Stem slender, leaves lanceolate, no perianth. 
Callitriche, p. 529 
dd. Stem stout, leaves nearly orbicular, petals and sepals 
present. : Elatine, p. 558 
ddd. Plant fleshy, leaves oblong. 8-15 mm. long. Glaux, p. 633 
cc. Leaves alternate, divided into several short, remote, linear 
lobes. Myriophyllum, p. 587 
bbbbb. Leaves (or sterile stems) terete or widening slightly into a blade, 
2-8 mm. high, erect from the trailing stem. 


c. Flowers in peduncled umbels. Lilaeopsis, p. 508 
cc. Flowers single on slender pedicels. Limosella, p. 681 
ccc. Flowers sessile in a slender spike higher than the terete 

sterile stems. Myriophyllum, p. 587 


TREES, WOODY SHRUBS OR WOODY VINES. 


a. Prostrate or low shrubby plants, less than 3 dm. in height. 
b. Stem trailing. 

c. Leaves oval or nearly orbicular, thick evergreen, flowers deli- 

cate pink, salver-shaped. Epigea, p. 619 

cc. Leaves 4-8 mm. long, narrowly oblanceolate, awl-pointed flowers, 
star-like, white. Pyxidanthera, p. 629 

ccc. Leaves 6-17 mm. long, linear oblong, whitish below, corolla 4- 

parted, petals reflexed, white or pinkish. Oxycoccus, p. 677 

cece. Leaves 12-25 mm. long ,spatulate, flowers urn-shaped, pinkish or 

white. Arctostaphylos, p. 621 


382 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


cecc. Leaves 3-5 foliate, stem prickly, flowers white. Rubus, p. 476 


bb. Stem erect. 
c. Leaves linear, 4-6 mm. long, no perianth, stamens purple. 
Corema, p. 530 


cc. Leaves oval or obovate, 20-30 mm. broad, corolla white, urn- 


shaped. Gaultheria, p. 620 
ccc. Leaves 3-foliate, stem not prickly, flowers small, greenish. 
Rhus, p. 536 


aa. Woody climbing vines. 
b. Flowers large, tubular, orange, leaves pinnate. Tecoma, p. 695 
bb. Flowers white, leaves 3-foliate, fruit long-plumose. Clematis, p. 454 
bbb. Flowers small, greenish. 


c. Leaves 3-foliate. Rhus, p. 536 

cc. Leaves 5-foliate. Psedera, p. 548 
ccc. Leaves lobed. 

d. Fruit “hops.” [Humulus]* 

dd. Fruit “grapes.” Vitis, p. 546 

eccc. Leaves oval. Fruit round orange pods, splitting and displaying 

red seeds. Celastrus, p. 543 


aaa. Upright trees or shrubs. 
b. Leaves pinnate or digitate. 
c. Stem prickly. 
d. Leaves 3-5 foliate, fruit a many-seeded berry, flowers white, 
showy shrubs. Rubus, p. 476 
dd, Leaves 5-9 foliate, fruit a pod containing black seeds, 
flowers inconspicuous. Zanthoxylum, p. 518 
ddd. Leaves 7-15 foliate, fruit a flat pod, flowers white papili- 
onaceous in a pendant raceme. Robina, p. 495 
dddd. Leaves about 24 foliate, leaflets small, less than 1 in. (25 
mm.) long, fruit a flat pod 8-15 ins. (2-4 dm:) long. 
[Gleditsia triacanthos]t 


cc. Stem not prickly. ‘ 
d. Leaves digitate, 5-foliate. [4sculus hippocastanum]t 
dd. Leaves 3-foliate. 

e. Entire, fruit a flat winged seed. Ptelea, p. 519 
ee. Freely and regularly serrate, fruit in a bladder-like 
bag; a shrub. Staphylea, p. 543 

eee. Coarsely toothed on terminal half, fruit a samara. 
Acer, D. 543 
eeee. Several deep irregular lobes, fruit globular white 
berries, shrubs or small trees. Rhus, p. 536 


ddd. Leaves 5-11 foliate. 
e. Trees with small greenish flowers in catkins or clusters. 
f. Leaves sharply and regularly serrate, fruit a hard 
nut enclosed in a thick hull. Hicoria, p. 397 
ff. Leaves obscurely or bluntly serrate, fruit a samara. 
Frarinus, p. 635 
* Hope Vine, escaped from cultivation. 
7 Honey Locust Tree, escaped. 
+ Horse Chestnut, escaped. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 383 


ee. Shrubs with small white flowers in dense cymes, develop- 
ing black, juicy berries. Sambucus, p. 708 
dddd. Leaves 11-17 foliate. 
e. Leaves entire, fruit a samara. [Ailanthus glandulosus]* 
ee. Leaves serrate. 
f. Fruit a dense cluster of pubescent seeds (usually 
crimson red). Rhus, p. 536 
ff. Fruit a hard nut inclosed in a hull. Juglans, p. 397 
bb. Leaves lobed or coarsely toothed. 
c. Lobing irregular, some leaves lobed and some not, often a sinus on 
one side and not on the other. 
d. Leaves very rough, fruit a compound berry. 
[Broussonetia papyrifera]t 
dd. Leaves glabrous, fruit a cluster of stalked berries. Sassafras, p. 459 
ce. Lobing on both sides of each leaf and more or less symmetrical. 
d. Truncate at the end (mid vein terminating at the bottom of a 
sinus not at the extremity of a lobe). Liriodendron, p. 448 
dd. Leaf more or less star-shaped, with 3-5 acute lobes, lower 
pair often much smaller than the others. 
e. Margin finely and regularly serrate. Liquidambar, p. 474 
ee. Margin irregularly serrate. 
f. Flowers reddish crimson, appearing before the leaves. 


Acer, p. 543 
ff. Flowers appearing after the leaves are expanded, 
small, white, in dense cymes. Viburnum, p. 708 
ddd. Leaf with three short obtuse lobes, irregularly crenate. 
e. Flowers white, in umbels. Opulaster, p. 477 
ee. Flowers greenish solitary. Ribes, p. 473 
dddd. Leaf lanceolate, pinnatifid; low, sweet-scented shrub, stami- 
nate flowers in catkins. Comptonia, p. 396 
ddddd. Leaves with several obtuse or acute lobes on each side, fruit 
an acorn, staminate flowers in catkins, Quercus, p. 404 


dddddd. Leaves triangular, narrowed at the base, coarsely toothed at 
the end, seeds with long white down. Coastal. 
Baccharis, p. 764 
bbb. Leaves not lobed. 
c. Entire. 
d. Reniform orbicular. 
e. Flowers large, bell-shaped, white, spotted within, fruit a 


cylindrical pod. [Catalpa bignontoides]t 
ee. Flowers pink, papilionaceous, pot flat. Cercis canadensis, p. 403 
dd. Ovate. 
e. Opposite. 
f. Flowers white in terminal cymes, petals short. 
g. Petals 4. Cornus, p. 601 


* Ailanthus Tree introduced from Asia and frequently escaping. 
+ Paper Mulberry escaped in some places. 
£Catalpa Tree, escaped from cultivation. 


384. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


gg. Petals 5. Viburnum, p. 708 
ff. Flowers white, in loose drooping panicles, petals long and 
slender. Chionanthus, p. 636 


ee. Whorled on small branchlets or scattered and alternate. 
f. Fully developed leaves at least 50x 25 mm. 
g. Flowers small, fruit a berry. 
h- Small branches swollen at each joint, berry black, 


nearly sessile. Dirca, p. 574 

hh, Joints not swollen. 
i. Fruit blue, pedicelled. Nyssa, p. 603 
ii. Fruit red sessile, flowers early, before the 
leaves. Benzoin, p. 400 


iit, Flowers in cymes, white, fruit blue. 
Cornus, p. 601 
gg. Flowers large, showy. 
h. White, fruit cone-like, wth red seeds hanging 
from it by threads. Magnolia, p. 446 
hh. Maroon, fruit fleshy, cylindrical, banana-like. 
Asimina, p. 448 
hhh. Pink or white, fruit a dry dehiscing capsule. 
Ericacee, p. 612 
ff. Fully developed leaves less than 50 x 25. 
g. Flowers white, bell-like, or pink, cup-shaped. 
Ericacee, p. 612 
gg. Acorn bearing tree, flowers in catkins. Quercus, p. 404 
eee. Whorled at intervals down the stem. 


f. Flowers white, in globular masses. Cephalanthus, p. 702 
ff. Flowers purple, in axillary whorls. Decodon, p. 575 
eeee. Leaves scattered along the stem, not opposite. Salix, p. 392 


cc. Leaves undulate or sinuate crenate. 

d. Flowers with linear twisted petals, blooming in autumn when the 
leaves are falling. Hamamelis, p. 473 
dd. Flowers small without petals, staminate in catkins, fruit an acorn. 
Quercus, p. 404 
ccc. Leaves or some of them slightly crenate at the tip; fruit clusters of 
sessile wax-covered berries. Myrica, p. 395 

cccc. Leaves regularly, finely or remotely serrate or dentate. 

d. Leaves oblique at base, and assymetric, ovate or cordate. 

e. Flowers attached to a membranaceous bract, petals cream 


colored, fruit a hard green, globular berry. Tilia, p. 548 
ee. Flowers inconspicuous greenish, not attached to a bract. 
f. Fruit a many-seeded fleshy berry. Morus, p. 414 
ff. Fruit a globular rather dry berry. Celtis, p. 413 
fff. Fruit a small winged seed. Ulmus, p. 412 


dd. Leaves symmetrical at base, or nearly so, not oblique, shape 
Varied, lanceolate to obovate, oval or deltoid. 
e. No petals. 
f. All the flowers in short, downy catkins, erect or pendant, 
seeds copiously silky with long white hairs. 
Salicacee, p. 390 


PLANT'S OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 385 


ff. Staminate flowers in pendant, pistillate in erect catkins., 
leaves finely and closely serrate. Betulacee, p. 399 
fff. Staminate flowers only, in catkins, fruit inclosed in a bur. 
Fagacee, p. 402 
ec. Petals present. 
f. Separate from one another. 
g. Stamens 4-5, 
h, Flowers small, greenish, scattered along the 
stem or in small racemes. 
i. Berries naked, red or black. I licacee, p. 539 
wt, Berries red, enclosed in a red or orange 
splitting pod. Celastracee, p. 542 
hh. Flowers white. 
1, In slender elongated terminal racemes. 


ltea, p. 472 
ii, In umbel-like clusters forming a terminal 
corymb. Ceanothus, p. 546 
gg. Stamens 8-10, flowers white. 
h, In flat terminal cymes. Hydrangea, p. 472 


hh. In long terminal spike-like racemes, fragrant. 
Clethra, p. 608 
ggg. Stamens, numerous, petals five, white or pink. 
h, Fruit a follicle or achene, sometimes forming 
a compound berry. Rosacee, p. 475 
hh. Fruit apple-like’ with a central “core” contain- 
ing seeds. Pomacee, p. 486 
hhh. Fruit plum or cherry-like containing a hard 
seed. Drupacee, -p. 490 
ff. Petals united. 
g. Leaves opposite, flowers small, white, in flat cymes or 
yellow and tubular. Cabrifoliacee, p. 707 
gg. Leaves alternate, flowers pink or white, bell-shaped, 
or tubular with flaring tips, or round cup-shaped. 
Eriacee, p. 612 


HERBS OR HERBACEOUS VINES. 
a. No leaves. 
b. Plants consisting of branched, jointed, cylindrcal, fleshy stems, 

flowers inconspicuous, inhabitants of salt marshes. Salicornia, p. 430 

bb. Plants consisting of irregular, oval, flattened joints, armed with 

spines; and Jarge, showy yellow-petalled flowers. Opuntia, p. 573 

aa. Leaves present. 
b. Neither petals nor sepals present. 

c. Flowers several, minute, contained in an involucre, the sinuses of 
which bear glands often with petal-like appendages. Staminate 
consist of a single stamen and are placed around the inside of the 
involucre. Pistillate flower central and exserted in fruit. Plants 
with milky juice. Euphorbia, p. 527 

cc. Flowers not enclosed in an involucre. 


25 MUS 


386 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


d. Flowers white in a long, feathery cylindrical raceme. 
e. Leaves ovate, acuminate. Saururus, p. 390 
ee. Leaves pinnately compound, Ranunculacee, p. 448 
dd. Flowers similar in an open white or greenish panicle. 
F Thalictrum, p 458 
ddd. Flowers minute, greenish, in a dense terminal spike or axillary 
clusters. Acnida, p. 434 
bb. Sepals present; (petals, if present, very minute, and flowers small, 
greenish and inconspicuous). 
c. Flowers conspicuous, sepals petal-like, white, yellow or blue. 
Ranunculaceae, p. 448 
cc. Flowers in long, slender, terminal spike, white. 
Sanguisorba, p. 484 
ccc. Flowers one or several, purplish at the base of the stem, 
often buried among dead leaves, etc. Aristolochiacca, p. 418 
cecc. Flowers pink, white or greenish, or tinged with crimson, seeds 
usually three-angled or three-winged, in terminal racemes or 
axillary spikes or racemes. Joints of the stem covered by 
scarious, sheath-like stipules. Polygonacea, p. 419 
ccccc. Flowers greenish white or yellowish green, 3mm. broad or 
more. 
d. In a flat terminal cyme, plant 3-6 dm. high. 
e. Leaves serrate. Penthorum, p. 470 
ee, Leaves entire. Comandra, p. 418 
dd. In long, cylindrical, pendant racemes, in fruit, round 
black berries with crimson juice; plant 6-9 ft. high. 
Phytolacca, p. 343 
cccccc. Flowers greenish or tinged with red in a few species, incon- 
spicuous and often minute, never 3 mm. broad; in open pan- 
icles, or dense heads, spikes or clusters; terminal or axillary, 
or both. 
d. Plants erect. 
e. Leaves entire. 
f. Plants less than 3 dm. high. 
g. Leaves delicate sessile or nearly so, less than 25 


mm. long. Caryophyllacee, p. 435 
gg. Leaves coarse and fleshy spatulate, whole plant 
turning red. Amaranthus pumilus, p. 433 


ff. Plants more than 3 dm. high. 
g. Delicate, leaves petioled, the largest 25 mm. 
long or more. 
h. Flowers in axillary clusters. 

Parietaria, p. 416 
hh. Flowers in open, slender, axillary or termi- 
nal panicles. Chenopodium boscianum, p. 420 

gg. Fleshy, leaves linear, less than 25 mm. long, 
Chenopodiacee (Dondia, Bassia), p. 432 
ggg. Wiry, leaves less than 25 mm. long, linear or 
ovate sessile, flowers minute globular or pyri- 
form in an open ganicle. Plant later produces 
short prostrate root branches. Lechea, p. 562 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN, NEW. JERSEY. 387 


gggg. Coarse and often tall, leaves spatulate or lanceo- 
late, flowers in dense spikes or small clusters, 
with dry, scarious, often redish bracts. 
Amaranthacee, p. 433 
ee. Leaves crenate or dentate. 
f. Slightly crenate, flowers in toothed axillary bracts. 
Acalypha, p. 526 
ff. Irregularly dentate; lanceolate or hastate. 
Chenopodiacee, p. 432 
fff. Sharply and evenly dentate, flowers in axillary or 
terminal flat panicles or cylindrical spikes. 
Urticacee, p. 414 
dd. Plants prostrate. 
e. Leaves verticillate. Mollugo, p. 434 
ee. Leaves opposite, fleshy seashore plants. 
f. Leaves broad at base, 815 X 4-7 mm., strictly 


opposite. Ammodenia, p. 441 
ff. Leaves spatulate, 5-15 X 3-5 mm., somewhat 
whorled, Sesuvium, p. 435 


eee. Leaves lanceolate or linear. 
f. Seeds three-angled, joints with scarious sheaths. 
Polygonum, p. 419 
ff. Seeds not three-angled, joints without sheaths. 
[Scleranthus]* or Sagina, p. 439 
bbb. Calyx apparently absent. 
c. Flowers at base of stem, single or several, maroon or brown. 
Aristolochiacee, p. 418 
cc. Flowers at summit of pedicels or stems, white, blue or yellow. 
Ranunculacee, p. 448 
bbbb. Sepals and petals present, the latter conspicuous. 
c. Petals united at their bases, often forming a tube or cup. p. 604 
cc. Petals separate from one another. 
d. Stamens numerous, more than ten and more than twice the num- 
ber of sepals or calyx lobes. 
e. Plants consisting of oval, flattened, fleshy joints, with prickles 
ot bunches of minute spines, flowers large, yellow. 
Opuntia, p. 573 


ee. Plants with cup-like leaves. Sarracenia, p. 467 
eee. Plants of normal structure, with leaves linear or flat. 
f. Leaves peltate. Podophyllum, p. 459 


ff. Leaves not peltate. 
* g. Stamens united in an erect spike or column. 
Malvaceae, p. 549 
gg. Stamens not forming an erect column. 
h. Leaves opposite. Hypericacee, p. 553 
hh. Leaves not opposite. 
4. Sepals 2. 


* Knawel, a weed in waste ground. 


388 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


j. Plant prostrate, fleshy, flowers yellow. 
[Portulaca oleracea}t 
jj. Plant erect, juice milky or orange, petals 4 
or 8-12. Papaveracee@, p. 460 
ii. Sepals 4, leaves 3-foliate fruit a pod. 
Polanisia, p. 466 
iii. Sepals 5 (or occasionally 3). 
j. Flowers pendant, red and yellow with petals 
produced into long spurs. Aquilegia, p. 452 
jj. Flowers normal, no long spurs. 
k. Flowers yellow. 
l. Fruit a dehiscent capsule. 
Helianthemum, p. 559 
ll. Fruit a naked cluster of flattened 
achenes, each with a short style on 
its tip. Ranunculus, p. 450 
lll. Fruit a cluster of seeds, often bristly, 
with persistent styles, calyx persistent 
at top or base. Rosace@, p. 475 
kk. Flowers white or pink. 
Fruit a fleshy berry, formed of a num- 
ber of separate segments or else a cluster 


of dry seeds. Rosace@, p. 475 
dd. Stamens to or less, never twice as many as the petals. 
e. Plants covered with reddish glutinous hairs. Drosera, p. 468 


ee. Plants not covered with glutinous hairs. 
‘f. Flowers very irregular. 
g. Sepals petal-like, enlarged into a swollen spurred sac. 
Impatiens, p. 545 
gg. Petals 5, two upper ones larger and somewhat reflexed, 
lower one spurred or gibbose at base. Viola, p. 564 
ggg. Petals 5, single upper petal largest and reflexed, two 
lower ones united in a keel, enclosing the stamens and 
pistil. Papilionacee, p. 494 
gggg. Petals 3, lower one keeled, others lateral, flaring. 
, Polygala, p. 520 
gegeg. Petals 4, forming a sort of sac, enlarged at base and 
narrowed to a slightly flaring tip, pendant. 
Fumariacee, p. 461 
gggegg. Corolla 5-parted, a crown of 5 hooded bodies, filaments 
united into a tube which encloses the pistil, juice milky. 
Aesclepiadacee, p. 646 
ff. Flowers regular, i. e., petals all alike, or essentially so. 
g. Flowers small in umbels, heads or panicles. 
Araliacee, p. 580 
hh. Fruits dry, usually flattened, splitting into two. 
Umbellifere, p. 590 


+ Purslane, a common garden weed. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 389 


gg. Flowers not in umbels. 
h. Petals four. 

7. Leaves 3-foliate. Polanisia, p. 460 

ti. Leaves not pinnate. 

j. Leaves opposite 
k. Flowers pink, large. Rhexia, p. 576 
kk. Flowers pinkish, small. Epilobium, p. 582 

jj. Leaves alternate. 

k. Flowers white or pink. 
Crucifere or Chamaenerion, pp. 462 or 582 
kk. Flowers yellow. 


!, Stamens 6. Crucifere, p. 462 
ll, Stamens 4-8. Onagracee, p. 578 
hh. Petals 2. Circaea, p. 585 


hhh. Petals 5. 
3. Leaves radical. 
j. Flowers pale lavender, leaves entire, salt 


marsh plant. Limonium, p. 633 
jj. Flowers white or greenish, leaves dentate, 
inland plants. Saxifragace@, p. 470 


jij. Flowers purple, leaves palmately 3-foliate. 
Oxalis, p. 516 
ui. Leaves cauline, opposite (or whorled). 
j. Leaves, only one pair. 
k. Plant fleshy, flowers white, striped with 
pink, pendant, leaves lanceolate entire. 
Claytonia, p. 435 
kk. Plant not fleshy, flowers small, white, 
leaves acute, heart shaped, toothed. 
Mitella, p. 472 
jj. Leaves more than one pair. 
k. Flowers yellow. Hypericace@, p. 551 
kk. Flowers white or pink. 
Caryophyllacee, p. 435 
tit. Leaves cauline, alternate (lower opposite in 
some species). 
j. Leaves 3-foliate. 
k. Pinnately; leaflets serrate, lanceolate, 
acute, flowers white. Porteranthus, p. 478 
kk. Palmately; leaflets triangular, flowers 
yellow. Oxalis, p. 516 
ij. Leaves pedately 3-5 parted (rarely pinnate), 
segments lobed, flowers purple or whitish. 
Geraniacee, p. 514 
ij7. Teaves simple. 
k. Flowers blue. Linum, p. 517 
kk. Flowers yellow. 
1. Plant fleshy, prostrate. 
Portulaca, p. 435 


390 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ll. Plant erect, low and shrubby. 
m. Leaves short, awl-like or close 
appressed and scale-like. 
Hudsonia, p. 560 
mm. Leaves scattered, linear or 
lanceolate, plant slender, flowers 
in an open panicle. Linum, p. 517 
kkk. Flowers white or pinkish, in a naked 
spike, leaves close together in a sort of 
whorl at the base, thick and more or 
less evergreen. Pyrolacee, p. 608 


Series I. CHORIPETALA. 
Order PIPERALES. 


Family SAURURACEA. Lizard Tails. 
SAURURUS L. 


Saururus cernuus L. Lizard’s Tail. 


' 


Saururus cernuus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 341. 1753 [Maryland and Virginia]. — 
Knieskern 27.—Britton 212—Keller and Brown 114. 


In swamps, often growing in water; frequent in the Northern, 
Middle and Cape May districts and occasional on the coast strip. 
Absent from the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late June to early August. Fr.—Late summer into 
autumn. 

Middle District—Medford (S), Kaighns Swamp (P), Red Bank (P), 
Washington Park, Mickleton. 


Coast Strip—Palermo (S). r 
Cape May—Goshen ($), Court House, Nummeytown, Cold Spring. 


Order SALICALES. 


Family SALICACEAL. Willows and Poplars. 
Key to the Species. 


uw. Bracts fimbriate or incised leaves as broad as long. 
b. Petioles terete, not strongly flattened. 
c. Leaves dark green above, white wooly beneath, coarse toothed. 
[Populus alba]* 
ce. Leaves glabrous when mature, ovate, denticulate. 
P. heterophylla, p. 391 
*The White or Silver Poplar is a frequent introduction about old houses, 
ofteu increasing enormously by suckers and forming dense thickets where 
neglected. Some old deserted houses in the Pine Barrens have been com- 
pletely enveloped by these trees, the suckers even forcing their way through 
the rotten floors. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 391 


bb. Petioles strongly flattened. 
c. Leaves coarsely dentate. P. grandidentata, p. 392 
cc. Leaves finely crenulate-denticulate. P. tremuloides, p. 302 
aa. Bracts entire, leaves longer than broad. 
b. Leaves pubescent beneath. 
c. Dull grayish, tomentous beneath. 
d. Linear-oblanceolate, 1-5 cm. long, crowded. Salix tristis, p. 304 
dd. Oblanceolate or lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, not crowded. 
e. Petioles very short, young twigs less densely pubescent, 
leaves averaging more regularly lanceolate. A frequent 
species. S. humilis, p. 394 
ee. Petioles longer, young twigs less densely pubescent, leaves 
more frequently oblanceolate, a rare species in our range, 


entering from the north. S. bebbiana, p. 394 
cc. Lustrous and silky benetth. S. sericea, p. 395 
e. Trees with inconspicuous greenish flowers in catkins or 

panicles. 


bb. Leaves glabrous beneath or glabrate. 
c. Regularly, finely and closely serrate. 
d. With petiolar glands; long acuminate. S. lucida, p. 395 
dd. Without glands. 
é. Stipules persistent. 
f. Leaves narrowly lanceolate; long attenuate. 
S. nigra, p. 392 
ff. Leaves oblong lanceolate; acuminate. S. cordata, p. 393 
ee. Stipules deciduous. 
f. Leaves pale and glaucous beneath, usually very sparsely 


silvery silky. [S. fragilis] * 
ff. Leaves green beneath, perfectly glabrous, except very 
rarely along the midrib. S. nigra, p. 392 


cc. Irregularly or remotely serrate or toothed. 
d. Green beneath, remotely denticulate; slender lanceolate. 
S. interior, p. 303 
dd. Glaucous beneath, irregularly crenate-serrate; ovate or broadly 
lanceolate. S. discolor, p. 304 


POPULUS L. 
Populus heterophylla L. Swamp Poplar. 
Populus heterophylla Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1034. 1753 [Virginia].—Britten 227. 
—Keller and Brown 115. 
Wet woods of the Middle district; very rare. Known from 
one tree, found by Mr. Albert Commons, July 27, 1880, on 
Fortesque Beach, and a small grove discovered by Mr. Bayard 


* Brittle Willow; a common tree along streams in cultivated districts. 
some other species of Willows are introduced about houses and occasionally 
escape or persist where farms have been deserted. Notable among these is 
the Weeping Willow (S. babylonica). 


392 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Long on the edge of the salt marsh near Cape May Court House, 
August 13, IQII. 

Middle District—lLow woods on Delaware Bay, June 27, 1880, Commons 
(NB), evidently the basis of the Fortesque Beach record in Britton’s cata- 


logue. 
Coast Strip.—Cape May Ct. House. 


Populus grandidentata Michx. Large-toothed Aspen. 


Populus grandidentata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 243. 1803 [Canada] — 
Britton 227.—Keller and Brown 115. 


‘Woodland; common in the norther counties; casual southward 
in all districts. Probably introduced in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Farly April to mid-April, appearing before the leaves. 
Fr.—Early May to mid4May. 

Middle District.—Farmingdale (S), Shark River, Holmdel (C), Phalanx 
(NB), Birmingham, Bordentown, Moorestown (C), Griffith’s Swamp (NB), 
Woodbury, Glassboro, Mickleton (KB), Swedesboro (KB), Yorktown. 

Pine Barrens—Bamber, Albion, Andrews, Atco (C), Winslow Jnc., Batsto. 


Coast Strip.—Barnegat City (L). 
Cape May.—Whitesboro (S). 


Populus tremuloides Michx. American Aspen. 


Populus tremuloides Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. IJ. 243. 1803 [Canada and 
New York].—Knieskern 29.—Britton 227.—Keller and Brown 115. 


Woodland; common in the northern counties; rare within our 
limits and apparently confined to the Middle and Coast districts. 

Fi.—tate March to early April, before the leaves. Fr.— 
Late April to early May. 

Middle District.—Navesink Highlands (UP), Farmingdale, Browns Mills, 


Mt. Holly, Griffiths (P), Andrews. 
Coast Strip.—Sandy Hook, Barnegat City (L). 


SALIX L. : 

Flowering and Frwiting Data.—The flowers appear in spring 
before, or while, the leaves expand. The fruit matures rapidly, 
generally before the leaves are fully expanded. The leaves 


scarcely reach maturity before summer. 


Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow. 


Salix nigra Marshall, Arb. Am. 139. 1785 [Eastern U. S.]—Knieskern 29.— 
Britton 226.—Keller and Brown 116. : 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. — 393 


Common in the Middle district and also at one station in 
Passaic County and occasional in the coast strip. 

Introduced in the Pine Barrens where ponds have been dug out. 

Much or most of the New Jersey material examined proves 
to be the form S. ». falcata. 

Fl.—Early May to late May, when leaves are partly expanded. 
Fr.—tLate [May to mid-June. 

Middle District Farmingdale, New Egypt, Birmingham, Burlington, Kirk- 
wood, Andrews, Yorktown, Westville (UP), Mickleton (UP). 


Pine Barrens.—Pleasant Mills, Winslow Jnc. 
Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Tuckerton. 


Salix cordata Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow. 
Salix cordata Muhlenberg, Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin IV. 236, pl. 6, 
f. 3. 1803 [Lancaster, Penna.]—Britton 226—Keller and Brown 117. 

Frequent northward and south into our region, mainly along 
the Delaware River. 

Fl.—Mid-April to early May, appearing before or with the 
leaves. 

Fr.—Mid-May to early June. 


Middle District—Bordentown, Kinkora, Delanco, Fish House, Washington 
Park. 


Salix interior Rowlee. Sand-bar Willow. 


Salix interior Rowlee, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XXVII.: 1900. 253. n. n. for 
S. rubra Rich, nec Huds. 1762 [Boreal, N. A.]. 
Salix longifolia Britton 227. 


Gravelly shores of the Delaware from Sussex to Gloucester 
counties ; local. 

Fl—KE arly May, appearing with the leaves, and sporadically 
into July or even August. Fr—Early June, sporadically through 
the summer. 

Middle District—Fish House, Kaighns Pt., Gloucester Co. (C). 


* A willow was collected by Charles FE. Smith April 29, 1866, at Griffith’s 
Swamp and identified as S. cordata, and by Isaac C. Martindale and C. F. 
Parker six days later half a mile below Kaighns Pt., and identified as S. 
petiolaris. These form the basis for the record of Salix petiolaris Sm. within 
our limits, but Mr. Bayard Long, who has studied our local willows with 
reat care, is of the opinion that these are not peNolaris, but more likely 
represent a hybrid between S. cordata and S. sericea. 


394 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Salix’ discolor Muhl. Glaucous Willow. 


Salix discolor Muhlenberg, Neue Schrift Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin IV. 234, pl. 6, 
f. 1. 1803 [Lancaster, Penna.].—Britton 225——Keller and Brown 117. 

Common in the northern counties and less common southward 
in the Middle district. 

Specimens from our range are somewhat variable and show 
tendencies toward the forms known as eriocephala Michx, pri- 
noides Pursh and squamata Rydberg, according to Mr. Long. 

Fl—Early April to mid-April, before the leaves. Fr.—Early 
May to mid-May. 

Middle District—Sandy Hook, Farmingdale, New Egypt, Mt. Holly, An- 
drews. 


Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb’s Willow. 
Salix Bebbiana Sargent, Garden and Forest VIII. 463. 1805 [N. N. for 
Salix rostrata Rich nec Thuellier 1799]. [Boreal, N. A.]. 
Rare; only recorded from one locality within our range. 
Fr—Mature May 28-30, 19\ro, at Farmingdale. 
Middle District —Farmingdale. 


Salix humilis Marsh. Prairie Willow. 


Salix humilis Marshall, Arb. Am. 140. 1785 [U. S.].—Willis 57—Britton 
25.—Keller and Brown 117. 


Frequent throughout the State in dry sandy ground. 

Fl.—Early April to mid-April, before the leaves. Fr.—Early 
May to mid-May. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Burlington, Clarksboro (UP), Gloucester 
(UP), Westville (UP), Swedesboro, Andrews, Yorktown. 


Pine Barrens.—Winslow Jnc., Weekstown, Egg Harbor City (UP). 
Cape May—Cold Spring. 


Salix tristis Ait. Sage Willow. 


Salix tristis Aiton, Hort. Ken. III. 393. 1789 [Pennsylvania]—Pursh FI. 
Am. Sept. II. 609. 1814. Britton 225—Keller and Brown Ir7, 
Att one station each in Bergen, Hiunterdon and Middlesex 
counties and frequent throughout our region. 
Fl.—Early April to mid-April, before the leaves. Fr.—Early 
May to mid-May. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 395 


Middle District —Farmingdale, Burlington, Merchantville (P), Garden 
Lake, 4 mi. bel. Westville, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Andrews, Bridgeton 
(NY), Salem Creek (C). 


Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Landisville, Winslow Jnc., Egg Harbor City (UP). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Salix sericea Marsh. Silky Willow. 
Salix sericea Marshall, Arb. Am. 140. 1785 [Eastern U. S.]—Willis 57— 
Britton 225.—Keller and Brown 118. 
Frequent in the ‘Northern and upper Middle districts. 
Fl.—Early Abril to late Aipril, before or with the leaves. Fr. 
—Mid4May to early June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Delanco, Kaighns Pt. (UP). 


Salix lucida Muhl. Shining Willow. 


Salix lucida Muhlenberg, Neue Schr. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin 1803 IV., p. 239 
[Lancaster, Penna.]. 


Very rare within our range; reported from five stations in 
the northern counties and from Sandy Heook, where it was col- 
lected October, 1897, by Mr. Alexander MacElwee. 


Coast Strip—Sandy Hook. 


Order MYRICALES. 
Family MYRICACEA.  Bayberries. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Leaves serrate or entire, no stipules. 
b. A large shrub or small tree, 30-45 dm. high, leaves lanceolate, acute, 
often rusty with resinous dots, berries 2 mm. in diameter. 
M. cerifera, p. 306 
bb. A shrub 6-24 dm. high, leaves broader, oblong, resinous dotted but 
green, berries 3-4 mm. in diameter. M. carolinensis, p. 305 
aa. Leaves pinnatifid, stipulate. Comptonia, p. 306 


MYRICA L. 
Myrica carolinensis Mill. Bayberry. 


Myrica carolinensis Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, No. 3. 1768 [Lower Caro- 
. lina]. 
Myrica cerifera Knieskern 28.—Britton 220.—Keller and Brown 118. 
Low grounds, borders of swamps, etc. Casual in the Northern 
and ‘Middle districts; frequent in the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May peninsula and abundant on the coast. 


396 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Early May to early June, before or with the leaves. Fr. 
—Late July into August, persisting over winter. 

Middle District—Farmingdale (S), Brindletown, Riverton, Browns Mills, 
Tomlinson’s, Woodbury, E. of Sewell (S), Alloway, W. of Bridgeton (S), 
Dividing Creek. . 

Pine Barrens——Bamber, Speedwell (S), bear Swamp (S), Waterford, 
Cedar Brook, Landisville, Pleasant Mills (T), Tuckahoe. 

Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant (S), Toms River, Seaside Park (S), Surf City 
(L), N. Beach Haven (L), Absecon, Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Anglesea. « 

Cape May.—Seaville (S), Bennett (S), Cape May (S), 2 mi. E. Dias Creek 
($), Sluice Creek (S$). 


Myrica cerifera L. Wax Myrtle. 


Myrica cerifera Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1024. 1753 [Carolina, Virginia and Penna]. 
—Sargent Manual N. A. Trees. 147. 1905—Long, Bartonia II. a1. 
1910. 


Low ground; mainly restricted to the western part of the 
lower Cape May peninsula; where it is common, though not to 
the exclusion of the other species which occurs with it. This 
species was first recorded from New Jersey by Prof. C. S. Sar- 
gent, on the basis of a specimen collected by Isaac C. Martin- 
dale in Cape May County. 

F'l.—Early May to early June, before or with the leaves. Fr. 
—Early August into September, persisting over winter. 


Coast Strip—Palermo. 
Cape May.—W. of Cape May Ct. House, Dias Creek, Green Creek (S). 


COMPTONIA Banks. * 
Comptonia asplenifolia (L.). Sweet Fern. 
PL LIV., Fig. 2. 
Myrica asplenifolia Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 1024. 1753 [N. America].—Britton 220. 
Comptonia asplenifolia Barton Fl. Phila. II, 159. 1818—Knieskern 28. 

Dry ground, common throughout the State, especially plenti- 
ful in the Pine Barrens, where, in association with the Bracken, 
it often forms a large part of the shrubby underbrush. 

Fl.—Late A\pril to early May, before or with the leaves. Fr. 
—mid-June into July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Birmingham, Riverside, Sicklerville, York- 
town. 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire (S), Waretown, Speedwell (S), Plains (S), Bear 
Swamp (S), Albion, Landisville, Mays Landing (S). 


Coast Strip.—Beach Haven(L), Ocean City (S). 
Cape May.—Court House (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 397 


Order JUGLANDALES. 
Family JUGLANDACE. Walnuts and Hickories, 


Key to the Species. 


a. Husk not splitting. 
b. Fruit globular, petioles puberulent. Juglans nigra, p. 397 
bb. Fruit oblong, pointed, petioles pubescent with viscid hairs. 
J. cinerea, p. 307 
aa. Husk splitting when fruit is ripe. 
b. Husk of fruit thick, splitting freely to the base, foliage and twigs 
pubescent. 
c. Leaflets 3-5, bark shaggy, splitting off in long plates. 
Hicoria ovata, p. 398 


cc. Leaflets 7-9, bark close. HI. alba, p. 398 
bb. Husk of fruit thin, splitting only at the top, foliage glabrous at ma- 
turity. 


c. Leaflets narrow, lanceolate 7-9, bark close, nut sub-globose. 
H. cordiformis, p. 399 
cc. Leaflets oblong or ovate lanceolate 5-7, bark splitting in shaggy 
plates, nut nearly globose. HI. microcarpa, p. 399 
ccc. Leaflets obovate, or oblong 3-7, bark close, nut obovoid or oblong. 
H. glabra, p. 398 
JUGLANS L. 
Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut. 
Juglans nigra Linneus Sp. Pl. 997. 1753 [Virginia and Maryland].—Knies- 
kern 28.—Britton 219. 

Rich woodlands; frequent in the northern counties and occa- 
sional in the Middle district within our limits. Many trees have 
undoubtedly been introduced, and probably all those in Cape 
May County come under this head. 

Fl.—Early ‘May to late ‘May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr.—Autumn of the first season. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Oaklyn (S), Sewell (S), S. of Millville.* 
HICORIA Rafinesque. 


Fruiting and Flowering Data—Flowers appear after the 
leaves have unfolded. Fruit ripens the first season. 


* Juglans cinera Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. Il. 1415. 1763 [North America] is 
frequent in woods in the northern counties, but within our limits known only 
from the statements of Knieskern and Willis, who record it respectively from 
Ocean and Monmouth and Burlington Counties, where it seems hardly likely 
to have been native. 


398 REPORT. OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Hicoria ovata (Mill.). Shag-bark, Shell-bark Hickory. 


Juglans ovata Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, No. 6. 1768 [Virginia].—Carya 
laciniosa Barton FI. Phila. II. 178 ? 
Hicoria ovata Britton 219. 
Common in woods of the northern counties, occasional in the 
Middle district. 
Fl.—Mid-May to early June, when the leaves are almost fully 
expanded. Fr—Autumn of the first season. 


Middle District.—Mickleton, Swedesboro. 


Hicoria alba (L.). Mocker Nut. 


Juglans alba Linneus, Sp. Pl. 997. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Carya tomentosa Knieskern 28. 
Hicoria alba Britton 219. 

Weodland; common in the northern counties, less frequent in 
the Middle and Cape May districts, rare on the coast and absent 
from the Pine Barrens. 

Hickories are rare and questionably native in the Pine Barrens, 
but frequent in West Jersey, growing singly in fields or border- 
ing the edge of Woodland. Frequently this and the two follow- 
ing grow in close proximity, as at Medford. 

F].—Early ‘May to late May, when the leaves are almost fully 
expanded. Fr.—Autumn of the first season. 

Middle District—Belmar (NY), Allaire, New Egypt, Medford (S), Lawn- 
side (S), Mickleton. 

Pine Barrens.—Folsom (introduced?). 


Coast Strip—Beesley’s Pt. (S). 
Cape May.—Sluice Creek (S), Dias Creek (S). 


Hicoria glabra (Mill.). Pig-nut Hickory. 


Juglans glabra Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8. No. 5. 1768 [Virginia]. 
Carya amara Knieskern 28. 
Hicorna glabra Britton 2to. 

Common in woods of the Northern and Middle districts, much 
less common elsewhere. 

Fl.—Early May to late May, when the leaves are almost fully 
expanded. Fr.—Autumn of the first season. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Bordentown, Medford (S), Camden (C), 
W. Deptford, Oaklyn (S$), Union Grove (S), Mickleton, Bridgeton (NB). 


Pine Barrens—Manahawkin, Albion, ‘Winslow Jnc. (S). 
Cape May.—Dias Creek (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 399 


Hicoria cordiformis (Wang.). Bitter-nut Hickory. 


Juglans cordiformis Wangenheim, N. A. Holz, p. 25. 1787 [New York and 
New England]. 
Hicoria minima Britton 219. 


Woodland of the Northern and Middle districts, occasional. 
Fl_—Mid-May to early June, when the leaves are almost fully 
expanded. Fr.—Autumn of the first season. 


Middle District—Pemberton Jnc. (C), Medford (S). 


Hicoria microcarpa (Nutt.). Small-fruited Hickory. 
Carya microcarpa Nuttall, Gen. II. 221. 1818 [Banks of the Schuylkill, near 
Philadelphia]. 
Hicoria microcarpa Britton 2109. 


Reported in Britton’s Catalogue from Sea Breeze, Cumberland 
Co., on authority of Mr. Albert Commons. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June, when the leaves are almost fully 
expanded. Fr.—aAutumn of the first season. 


Order FAGALES. 


Family BETULACE. Birches, Hazels, etc. 


a. Fruit small, narrowly margined or winged between the bracts of a 
cone-like ament. 
b. Bracts of ament deciduous with the winged seeds. 
c. Bark chalky white, peeling somewhat, leaves deltoid, acuminate. 
Betula populifolia, p. 400 
cc. Bark reddish or greenish brown, peeling off in thin, ragged 
sections, leaves rhombic, cuneate at base, light colored beneath. 
B. nigra, p. 401 
ccc. Bark brown, not peeling off in layers, leaves ovate, cordate or 


rounded at base. B. lenta, p. 401 

bb. Bracts woody and persistent. Alnus, p. 402 

aa, Fruit small in small aments, each seed subtended by a flat, green 
bractlet, much cut and lobed. Carpinus, p. 399 


aaa, Fruit small, enclosed in an inflated, green bag-like bractlet. Ostyra, p. 400 
aaaa. Fruit a large, woody-shelled nut inclosed by a leafy involucre. 
Corylus, p. 400 


CARPINUS L. 
Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Hornbeam, Water Beech. 


Carpinus caroliniana Walter, Fl. Cor. 236. 1788 [South Carolina].—Britton 
221. 
Carpinus americana Knieskern 28. 


400 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common in woods of the northern counties, less common 
southward in the Middle district and rare on the Cape May 
peninsula. 

F].—Mid-April to late April, as the leaves begin to expand. 
Fr.—Well grown by mid-summer, not usually mature until early 
autumn. 

Middle District Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Birming- 


ham (S), Medford (S), Woodbury, Yorktown. 
Cape May.—Goshen. 


OSTRYA Scopoli. 
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.). Hop-Hornbeam, Iron-wood. 

Carpinus virginiana Miller, Gord. Dict. Ed. 8. No. 4. 1768 [Virginia]. 

‘Frequent in the northern counties, very rare within our limits.. 
A single station on steep banks of the Delaware at Kinkora,. 
facing the north (B. Long). 

Fl,—Mid-April to late April, as the leaves begin to spread. 
Fr.—Well grown by mid-summer, mature in early autumn. 

Middle District—Kinkora. 


CORYLUS L. 
Corylus americana Walt. Hazel-nut. 


Corylus americana Walter, Fl. Cor. 236. 1788 [South Carolina].—Knieskerm 
28.—Britton 222. 


Thickets of the Northern and Middle districts; frequent. 

Fl.—Early March to early April, before the leaves. Fr— 
Well grown by mid-summer, but not commonly mature before 
early autumn. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Birmingham,. . 
Pemberton Jnc. (S), Medford (S), Haddonfield, Mickleton, Swedesboro,. 
Yorktown, Quinton. 


BETULA L. 
Betula populifolia Marsh. White Birch. 


Betula populifoka Marshall, Arb. Am. 19. 1785 [New Jersey].—Britton 220. 
Betula alba var. populifolia Knieskern 209. 


Generally in moist ground, common northward and in the Pine 
Barrens, less abundant and more local in the Middle district. 

This is a characteristic species of the coastal swamps and 
eastern Pine Barrens. Its white trunks are always conspicuous. 
against the evergreens, particularly in winter. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 401 


Fl.—Mid-April to early May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr.—Late summer to early autumn. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant (S), New Egypt, Kinkora, 
Hartford, Medford (S), Sicklerville (S). 

Pine Barrens—Belmar (NY), Manahawkin, West Creek (S), Lakehurst, 
Bear Swamp, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Mays Landing (S), Egg Harbor City 
(UP). 

Coast Strip—Ship Bottom (LY. 


Betula lenta L. Cherry Birch, Sweet Birch. 
Betula lenta Linneus, Sp. Pl. 983. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Britton 220. 


A tree of the woodlands of the northern part of the State 
occurring within our limits as a rare and local species of the 
Middle district. 

Mr. Gifford Pinchot* records forty-two trees of this species in 
one acre of cedar swamp near Whitings, but there must have been 
a mistake in identification, as we have never found the tree any- 
where in the Pine Barrens; perhaps the name is a misprint for 
White Birch. 

Fl.—Late April to early May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr.—Late summer. 


Middle District—Navesink Highlands (UP), Bordentown, Kinkora, Glass- 
boro, ravine east of Mullica Hill (H). 


Betula nigra L. River Birch, Red Birch. 


Betula nigra Linneus, Sp. Pl. 982. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Pursh, FI. 
Am. Sept. II. 621. 1814.—Knieskern 29.—Britton 221. 
Betula papyrifera Barton, Fl. Phila. Il. 175. 1818. 


River and lake shores; common in the Northern and Middle 
districts and rarely on the coastal streams below the head of tide- 


water, and on ponds at Cape May Point. 
Fl.—Mid-April to early May, when leaves are partly expanded. 


Fr.—lLate May to early June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant (S), Walnford (NB), Cross- 
wicks, Delanco (S), Fish House, Gloucester (UP), Hartford, Pemberton 
Jnc. (S), Medford (S$). 

* Forestry Report appended to Ann. Rept. State Geol. N. J. 1898, pp. 98-100. 

26 MUS 


402 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Coast Strip—Mays Landing (S).* 
Cape May.—Cape May Pt., on Lily Lake (OHB). 
ALNUS Gaertner. 
Alnus rugosa (DuRoi). Alder. 


Betula Alnus rugosa DuRoi, Harbk. Wild. Baumzt. I. 112. 1771 [North 

America]. 

Alnus serrulata Knieskern 29.—Britton 221, 

Low grounds, forming swamp thickets; common in the 
Northern and Middle districts and in the cedar swamps of the 
Pine Barrens, rare on the Coast and apparently not common on 
the Cape May peninsula (?) : 

The swelling of the staminate catkins of the Alder is the first 

. sign of awakening spring in the swamps of south Jersey, but they 
often attain their full length and flexibility some time before the 
pollen is actually liberated, and they may be said to be in bloom. 

Fl.—Mid-March to early April, before the leaves expand; from 
catkins formed the previous summer. F'r.—September. 

Middle District—Farmingdale (S), Pt. Pleasant (S), Birmingham, Pem- 
berton Jnc., Bordentown, Kinkora, Masonville, Camden, Lawnside (S), Med- 
ford (S), Washington Park, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (NY), Manahawkin, Barnegat, Speedwell, Bear 


Swamp, Atco, Albion, Penbryn (S), Pancoast, Folsom, West Creek. 
Coast Strip.—Surf City (L). 


Family FAGACE/E. Beeches, Chestnuts and Oaks. 


a. Nuts two, sharply triangular, enclosed in a thin four-valved bur, tomen- 
tous outside and with soft prickles. Bark very smooth, light gray.* 


Fagus, p. 402 

aa. Nuts plano-convex, in a large spiny bur. 
b. Nuts 1-5, leaves glabrous; a large tree. Castanea dentata, p. 403 
bb. Nut 1, leaves tomentous below, a shrub. C. pumila, p. 403 
aaa. Nut, single, an acorn with scaly basal cup. Quercus, p. 404 


FAGUS L. 
Fagus grandifolia Ebrhart. Beech. 


Fagus grandifolia Ehrhart., Beitr. Nat. Wiss., vol. III, p. 22. 1788 [North 
America]. 
Fagus ferruginea Knieskern 28.—Willis 56.—Britton 225. 


* This tree as well as Pinus virginiana and some other species occurs along 
the river below the dam at Mays Landing, along with species character- 
istic of the Coast Strip. These, however, have not been found on the coast 
and are completely cut off by the Pine Barrens from their relatives in the 
Middle district. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 403 


Common in woodlands of the Northern and upper Middle 
districts, rarer southward to Cape May County. 

In certain parts of Camden County, near to the Delaware, there 
are considerable areas of almost pure Beech forest, practically 
devoid of underbrush.* 

Fl.—Late April to early May, when leaves are fully expanded. 
Fruit matures by late July or early August, soon dropping. 

Middle District—Freehold (Willis), Squam and Shark River (Kn.), Pt. 
Pleasant (5), Birmingham, Arneys Mt. (S), New Egypt, Medford (S), 
Oaklyn (S), Woodbury, Mickleton, Fairton (S). 


Coast Strip. —Manahawkin. 
Cape May.—Sluice Creek (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


CASTANEA Adanson. 
Castanea dentata (Marsh.). Chestnut. 


Fagus-Castanea dentata Marshall, Arb. Am. 46. 1785 [Eastern U. S.]. 
Castanea vesca Knieskern 28. E 
Castanea sativa var. americana Britton 224. 


™ 


Common in woods of the Northern and parts of the Middle 
districts, rare in Cape ‘May County and in the Coast strip. 

Fl.—Late June to mid-July, when the leaves are fully ex- 
panded. F'r.—Matures late September or during October. 

Middle District—Shark River (Kn.), Farmingdale, Squan (Kn.), New 
Egypt, Fish House (S), Paulsboro, Repaupo, Medford (S), Albion, Mickle- 
ton, Sicklerville (S), Bridgeton (C), Fairton (C), Yorktown. 

Coast Strip—Waretown, Manahawkin. 

Cape May.—Sluice Creek (S). 


Castanea pumila (L.). Chinquapin. 


Fagus pumila Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 998. 1753 [North America]—Pursh, Fl. Am. 


Sept. II. 625. 1814. 
Castanea pumila Britton 224.—Keller and Brown 121. 


Locally in the Middle district from Mercer to Salem Counties. 
F].—Early June to early July, when the leaves are fully ex- 
panded. Fr.—Matures during September. 


Middle District—Clarksboro, Tomlin, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Jericho (C), 
Pennsgrove (S). 


* The Coastal Plain Beech should be F. g. caroliniana Loudon (cf. Rehder. 
Rhodora 1907, p. 114), but I fail to separate it from the northern form. 


404 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


QUERCUS L. 


Flowering and Fruiting Data.—Flowers in late spring when 
leaves are usually one-third to one-half expanded. Fruit ripe and 
dropping in early or mid-autumn of either the first or second 
season. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves or their lobes bristle-tipped. 
b. Leaves oblong or linear oblong, entire (or with 1-2 irregular points or 
lobes). 
c. Linear-oblong, never lobed. Q. phellos, p. 408 
cc. Oblong occasionally with an irregular lobe or two. 
Q. rudkini, p. 411 
bb. Leaves obovate, generally 3-5 lobed above the middle, rusty tomen- 
tose or pubescent beneath. Q. marilandica, p. 407 
bbb. Leaves pinnately lobed. 
c. Green beneath. 
d. Cup or acorn shallow, saucer-like. 
e. Cup 16-25 mm. broad, acorn ovoid. Q. rubra, p. 405 
ee. Cup 8-16 mm. broad, acorn subglobose. Q. palustris, p. 405 
dd. Cup turbinate, or hemispheric. 
e. Cup brown, the scales finally glabrate and shiny. 
Q. coccinea, p. 405 
ee. Cup ashy, with persistent dull pubescence. 
Q. velutina, p. 405 
cc. Grayish-white beneath. 
d. Large tree, leaf lobes, lanceolate, sometimes falcate. 
Q. triloba, p. 406 
dd. Small tree or usually shrub, leaf lobes triangular. 
Q. ilicifolia, p. 407 
aa. Leaves or their lobes not bristle-tipped, more or less rounded. : 
b. Leaves pinnately lobed. 


c. Pale or glaucous and glabrous beneath. Q. alba, p. 408 
cc. Brown tomentose beneath, lyrate-pinnatifid. Q. stellata, p. 400 
ccc. White tomentous beneath, lyrate-pinnatifid. Q. lyrata, p. 409 


bb. Leaves crenate or dentate, not lobed. 
c. Low shrub, leaves ovate or obovate, 6-13 & 5-8 cm. 
Q. prinoides, p. 410 
cc. Tall tree, leaves much larger. 
d. Leaves white tomentulose beneath, peduncle of acorn much 
larger than the petioles. Q. bicolor, p. 409 
dd. Leaves gray, tomentulose beneath, peduncles equalling or 
shorter than the petioles. 
e. Bark, white flaky, leaves broadly obovate, teeth sharper. 
Q. michaurit, p. 410 
ee. Bark close, leaves narrower, teeth rounder. 


Q. prinus, p. 410 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 405 
Quercus rubra L. Red Oak. 


Quercus rubra Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 996. 1753 [Virginia and Carolina].—Knies- 
kern 28.—Britton 224. 

Common in rocky woods of the northern part of the State, rare 
and local in the Middle district and lower Cape May peninsula. 
Reported from Landisville in Britton’s Catalogue on authority of 
C. A. Gross, but there are no specimens in his herbarium. 

Fil.—Late April to early May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr—Autumn of the second season. 

Middle District—Farmingdale (NB), Birmingham, Atco (C), Camden 
(C), Mickleton, Springdale (S), Swedesboro (S$). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring. 

Quercus palustris DuRoi. Pin Oak. 
Quercus palustris DuRoi, Harbk. II. 268. Pl.5, £4. 1772 [North America]. 
—Britton 224. 

Common in low woods in the northern part of the State, and 
frequent in similar situations in the Middle and Cape May 
districts. 

Fl.—tate April to early May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr.—Autumn of the second season. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Medford, Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Green Creek (S$). 


Quercus coccinea Muench. Scarlet Oak. 


Quercus coccinea Muenchausen, Hansv. V. 254. 1770 [ ].—Willis 56. 
—Britton 224. 


Rather common throughout, but least plentiful in the Pine 


Barrens. 
Fl.—Early May to mid-May (probably), when the leaves are 
partly expanded. Fr.—Autumn of the second season. 


Middle District—Navesink Highlands (UP), Shark River (UP), Key- 
port (NB), New Egypt, Moorestown, Medford (S), Fish House (S), 
Oaklyn (S), Springdale (S), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Atsion (S), Atco, Whitings (NY), Applepie Hill (S), 
Mays Landing (S), Tuckahoe (5S). 

Coast Strip —Forked River, Manahawkin, Cox’s, Atlantic City (S). 

Cape May.—Bennett (S). 


Quercus velutina Lam. Black Oak. 


Quercus velutina Lamarck, Encycl. I. 721. 1783 [Virginia]. 
Quercus tinctoria Knieskern 28—Britton 224. 


406 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Distribution apparently as in the last. The two have not been 
carefully distinguished by our botanists. 

Fl.—Early May to mid-May (probably), when the leaves are 
partly expanded. Fr.—Autumn of the second season. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Arneys’ Mt, Medford (S), Farmingdale 
(NY), Mantua, Springdale (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Ancora (UP). 

Coast Strip—Pasadena, Mays Landing (S), Anglesea Jnc. (S), Pleasant- 
ville (NY). 

Quercus triloba Michx. Spanish Oak. 


Quercus triloba Michaux, Hist. Chenes Amer. No. 14, t. 26. 1801 [New Eng- 
land to Georgia]. 

Quercus falcata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 631. 1814.—Barton, Fi. Phila. IT 
17o. 1818.—Knieskern 28.—Willis 56. 

Quercus digitata Keller and Brown 123. 

Quercus cuneata Britton 224. 

Common in low woods of the Middle district and in meadows 
from Monmouth County southward, also on the Coast strip and 
Cape May peninsula, 

This tree is a constant associate of the Sweet Gum and Willow 
Oak, the three having an almost identical distribution in New 
Jersey and Pennsylvania, limited sharply on the west by the fall 
line. 

The dark-glossy upper surface and lighter lower surface, 
together with the long falcate terminal segments of the leaves, 
give to the foliage a characteristic appearance. 

The outline of individual leaves varies greatly even on the 
same tree, but I cannot by any character separate our Spanish 
Oaks into two forms, although Dr. Britton credits QO. pagodefolia 
to our range. There is a form specially prevalent on the coast, 
with long triangular leaves, with three nearly equal, rather blunt, 
terminal lobes. 

F],—Early May to mid-May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr.—Autumn of the second season. 

Middle District—Keyport (C), Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant (S), Birming- 
ham, Pemberton (C), Moorestown (C), Medford, Springdale (S), Orchard 
(S), Oaklyn (S), W. Deptford, Gloucester, Sicklerville (S), Tomlin, Woods- 
town (NB), Swedesboro, Bridgeton (NB), Sharpstown, Mickleton (UP), 
Moorestown (UP), Woodbury (UP). 


Pine Barrens.—Allaire (S), Chairville (S), Landisville (T), Winslow Jnc., 
Hammonton, Mays Landing (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 407 


Coast Strip.—Seaside Park (UP), Ferked River, Surf City (L), Atlantic 
City (S), Beesley’s Pt. (S), Five-Mile Beach. 
Cape May.—Court House (S$), Dias Creek (S), Cold Spring, Cape May. 


Quercus ilicifolia Wang. Scrub Oak. 


Quercus ilicifolia Wangenheim, Nord. Am. Holz, 79, pl. 6, f. 17. 1787 [Ham- 
stead, Long Island]—Knieskern 28.—Willis 56—Britton 224. 

Quercus Bannistcri Michaux Fl. Bor. Am. II. 199. 1803—Pursh Fl. Am. 
Sept. II. 631. 1814. 


Common in sandy soil throughout the State. One of the most 
abundant oaks of the Pine Barrens, forming with Q. marilandica 
most of the scrub growth of the Plains. 

Fl.—Early May to mid-May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. r—Autumn of the second season. 

Middle District—Farmingdale (S), Shark River, Belmar (UP), Sickler- 
ville (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Waretown, Whitings, Speedwell (S), Bear Swamp (S), 
Applepie Hill (S), E. and W. Plains (S), Cedar Brook, Albion, Landisville 
(T), Egg Harbor City, Absecon (S$), Dennisville (OHB), Hammonton 


(UP), Williamstown Jnc. (UP). 
Coast Strip—Seaside Park (S). 


Quercus marilandica Muench. Black-Jack Oak. 


Quercus marilandica Muenchausen, Hansv. V. 253. 1770 [ |}. 
Quercus nigra Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. II. 629. 1814—Knieskern 28.—Britton 
223. 


Common in sandy ground from Middlesex and Mercer counties 
southward; most abundant in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Early May to mid-May, when leaves are partly expanded. 
Fr_—Autumn of the second season. 

The Black-Jack is the typical oak tree of the most barren 
stretches of southern New Jersey and the most characteristic 
tree of the Pine Barrens after the Pitch Pine and White Cedar. 
Its broadly obovate leaves and the bright rusty coloration of their 
under surface makes it a conspicuous and easily recognized 
species. While it becomes a mere shrub on the “plains,” its 
normal growth is higher than that of Q. ilicifolia and it is usually 
a tree of ten to twenty feet in height. 


Middle District—Keyport (NB), Farmingdale (S), New Egypt, Arneys 
Mt. (S), Orchard (S), Mantua, Lawnside (S), W. Deptford, Swedesboro, 
Yorktown, 2 mi. W. Bridgeton (S), Fairton (S). 


4c8 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Pine Barrens—Toms River (NB), Waretown, E. and W. Plains (S), 
Speedwell (S), Applepie Hill (S), White Horse (S), Bear Swamp (S), 
Pleasant Mills. 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park (S), Barnegat City (L). 

Cape May.—Cape May (S), Bennett. 


Quercus phellos L. Willow Oak. 


Quercus Phellos Linneus, Sp. Pl. 994. 1753 [North America].—Michaux 
Fl. Bor. Am. II. 197. 1803.—Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. II. 625. 1814.— 
Barton Fl. Phila. II. 167. 1818—Knieskern 28.—Willis 55.—Britton 
223. 

Quercus phellos var. humilis Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. II. 625. 1814.—Britton 223. 
Low woods of the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts, from 

Mercer and Middlesex counties southward, common. 

A typical tree of the coastal plain crossing the Delaware into 
Pennsylvania, but never passing west of the fall line, and push- 
ing up the Delaware only a very short distance above Trenton. 

There is a broader-leaved Willow Oak ranging from Salem 
to western Cape May County, which is perhaps referable to Q. 
p. laurifolia, although the leaves on some trees at least show a 
slight tendency to lobing, such as we find in certain hybrids (cf. 
p. 411). 

Fl.—Early May to mid-May, when the leaves are expanding. 

Fr—Autumn of the second season. 

Middle Districh—Keyport (NB), Farmingdale, Allaire, Belmar (UP), 
Long Branch (C), Pt. Pleasant (S), New Egypt, Arney’s Mt. (S), Birming- 
ham, Medford, Bridgeport, Oaklyn (S), W. Deptford, Lawnside (S), Sick- 
lerville (S), Glassboro, Yorktown, Salem (S), Beaver Dam (S), Dividing 
Creek, Millville. 

Pine Barrens—Landisville (T), introduced ? 


Coast Strip—Seaside Park (S), Peermont (S), Anglesea, West Creek (S). 
Cape May.—Bennett, Court House. 


Quercus alba L. White Oak.* 


Quercus alba Linneus Sp. Pl. 996. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 28.—Britton 
222. 


Common in woodlands throughout the State, except in the 
Pine Barrens, where it is local and: largely in second growth. 

A good deal of variation in leaf form occurs, some trees having 
exceedingly deep cut lobes, while in others they are very shallow. 


*The record of Q. macrocarpa from Ventnor (Githens) in Keller and 
Brown’s list is apparently based on Q. stellata; that from Quaker Bridge in 
Britton’s Preliminary Catalogue was canceled in his later work. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 409 


F'l_—Early May to mid-May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr.—Autumn of the first season. 

Middle District—Farmingdale (S), New Egypt, Arneys Mt. (S), Pember- 
ton Jnc. (S), Medford, Springdale (S), Locust Grove (S), Red Bank, Re- 
paupo, Swedesboro, Sicklerville (S), Yorktown, Bridgeton (NB). 

Pine Barrens——Bear Swamp (8S), Albion, Landisville (T), Mays Landing 
(S). 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Surf City (L), Absecon, Atlantic City (S), 
Pleasantville (NY). 


Cape May.—Cape May. 


Quercus stellata Wang. Post Oak. 


Quercus stellata Wangenheim, Nordam Holz. 78, p. 6, f. 15. 1787 [New 
York]. 


uercus obtusiloba Knieskern 28.—Willis 55. 
Quercus minor Britton 222. 

Dry ground; rather frequent throughout our region and casual 
farther north. 

The leaf lobes are sometimes forked again, making quite a com- 
plicated outline. 

F].—Early May to mid-May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr.—Autumn of the first season. 


Middle District—Shark River (UP), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arneys Mt. 
(S), Pemberton (NB), Medford, Orchard (S), W. Deptford, Glassboro, 
Swedesboro, Yorktown, Bridgeton (S), Fairton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Speedwell, White Horse, Bear Swamp (S), Landisville 
(T), Folsom, Pleasant Mills (S), Mouth of Batsto, Mays Landing (S). 

Coast Strip.—Forked River, Manahawkin, Absecon, Atlantic City (S), 
Pleasantville (NY), Piermont, Five-Mile Beach. 

Cape May.—Cape May (S). 


Quercus bicolor Muhl. Swamp White Oak. 


Quercus bicolor Muhlenberg in Wildenow, Neue Schrift Gess. Nat. Fr. 
Berlin III. 306. 1801 [North America, prob. Penna.].—Britton 222. 
Quercus platanoides Keller and Brown 124. 


Swamps and meadows in the northern counties, southward in 
the Middle district, mainly along the Delaware river, local and 
not very common within our limits. ‘ 

Fl.—Early May to mid-May (probably), when the leaves are 
partly expanded. Fr.—Autumn of the first season. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Moorestown, Medford, Marlton (C), Mic 
kleton (H), Swedesboro, Riddleton (KB), Salem (S). 


Quercus lyrata Walter. Swamp Post Oak. 
Quercus lyrata Walter, Fl. Car. 235. 1788 [S. Carolina], Keller and Brown 
123. 


410 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Only known from the tree at Riddleton, discovered by Messrs, 
Heritage, Lippincott and Crawford. The records for Ventnor 
and Mickleton (KB) were errors. See also under Hybrid oaks. 


Middle District.—Riddleton*. 


Quercus prinus L. Rock Chestnut Oak. 


Quercus prinus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 995. 1753 [North America].—Knieskern 
28.— Willis 55.—Britton 222. 
Common in the woods of the Northern and Middle districts, 
and somewhat less plentiful or local in the Pine Barrens and Cape 


May peninsula. 
Fl.—Early May to mid-May (probably), when the leaves are 
partly expanded. Fr.—Autumn of the first season. 


Middle District—Shark River (UP), Farmingdale (S), Arneys Mt. (S), 
Fish House, Springdale (S), Lawnside (S), Below Washington Park (S), 
Repaupo, Clarksboro, Mickleton (UP). 

Pine Barrens.—Barnegat, Kenilworth, Bear Swamp (S), Tabernacle, 
Quaker Bridge (S), Landisville (T), Cedar Brook, Albion, Palermo (S). 

Cape May.—Goshen (S), Court House (S), Cape May (S).+ 


Quercus michauxii Nutt. Basket Oak. 


Quercus Michauxtit Nuttall, Gen. II. 215. 1818 [The Delaware to St. Mary’s, 
W. Florida].—Keller and Brown 124. 


Local in the lower part of the Middle district. 
Middle District—Moorestown, Repaupo (C), Upper Pennsgrove. 


Quercus prinoides Willd. Scrub Chestnut Oak. 


Quercus prinoides Willdenow, Neue Schrift Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin III. 307. 
180r [N. A.—probably Penn.].—Keller and Brown 124—Knieskern 28. 

Quercus chinquapin Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 173. 1818. 

Quercus prinus var. humilis Willis 55. 

Quercus Muhlenberg var. humilis Britton 223. 


Locally common in dry woods of the Middle and Pine Barren 


districts. 
In some sections of the Pines this little oak makes up a large 
proportion of the underbrush, and the branches are weighted 


* Harshberger (Phytogeographic Survey of N. A., p. 414) quotes Q. lyrata 
as a component of the forest at Peermont, but none of the other botanists 
who have visited the locality have found this tree. Q. stellata is the common 
species there. 

{ The records of Q. acuminata from Mullica Hill and Bridgeton aré ap- 
parently referable to Q. prinus, which varies greatly in the shape of its leaves. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 411 


down with the abundance of acorns. It is frequently only two 
feet in height, and rarely more than four. 

Fl.—Mid-May to late May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr—Autumn of the first season. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt (NY), Birmingham, Locust 
Grove (S), Gloucester, W. Deptford, Swedesboro, Bridgeton (NB), Clarks- 
boro (UP), Mickleton (UP). 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (NB), Edge of E. Plains (S), Speedwell (S), 
Chatsworth, Applepie Hill (S), Tabernacle (S$), Clementon (S), Landis- 
ville) Hammonton, Mays Landing (S), Absecon (S). 


HYBRID OAKS. 


Besides exhibiting a great range of variation oaks hybridize 
readily and perplexing forms are constantly presenting them- 
selves. 

One of the most famous hybrids is the Bartram Oak, Q. hete- 
rophylla Michaux f. (Hist. Arb. Am. II. 87. 1812) originally 
from the vicinity of Bartram’s residence below Philadelphia. 
This tree is frequent throughout West Jersey, south to Cape 
May. Specimens have been examined as follows: 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arneys Mt. (S), Millville (S). 
Cape May—Green Creek, New England (OHB), Bennett. 
Coast Strip —Manahawkin. 


While Q. phellos is one of the parents of this form the other is 
in doubt. It has usually been given as Q. rubra, but that is cer- 
tainly not the case in New Jersey, and it seems more likely to be 
Q. coccinea or Q. velutina, which are fairly plentiful, while Q. 
rubra is extremely rare. Perhaps the so-called Q. heterophylla is 
not all of similar origin. Some specimens somewhat pubescent 
below may easily be Q. phellos x triloba. 

‘(An oak with larger, irregularly toothed leaves is Q. rudkini 
Britton (Bull. Torrey Club IX. 13. 1882—Keyport, N. J.) sup- 
posed to be a cross between Q. phellos and Q. marilandica. This 
I have seen from 

Middle District—Keyport, Cliffwood, Mickleton, Medford (S), Swedes- 


boro, Tomlin, Salem (S). 
Cape May—Green Creek. 


Between this and the preceding there is no very sharply de- 


fined line. 
A narrow-leaved, irregularly lobed form collected near Wood- 


bury by Mr. Isaac Burk, has the leaves white beneath, and is, I 


412 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


think, as he suggests, Q. phellos x Q. ilicifolia. A hybrid be- 
tween these two is also mentioned by J. E. Peters in Torrey Bull. 
XX. 295, from Mays Landing. 

Mr. W. T. Davis has described as Q. brittoni a hybrid between 
Q. marilandica and Q. ilicifolia, from Watchogne, Staten Island 
(Bull. Torrey Club XIX. 301. 1892). He states that the speci- 
mens vary greatly, forming a perfect connecting series between 
the two. To this category no doubt belong numerous scrub 
oaks growing on the “Plains” where these two species abound, 
although I have always been in doubt whether they were not 
merely extreme types of variation. 

At Medford I found one tree of another. hybrid, Q. velutina 
(or coccinea) and Q. triloba. The leaf outline that of the former, 
with only an occasional tendency toward an elongated central 
lobe, but with the under side densely gray, pubescent like triloba. 

Several curious chestnut oaks occur at Mullica Hill, Swedes- 
boro, etc., with very deep acute marginal dentations on the leaves, 
resembling those of Q. acuminata, but obviously not that species. 

We have also an oak at Riddleton, which has passed for Q. 
lyrata, but I suspect may be of hybrid origin, though it bears 
acorns plentifully, as does Q. rudkini. ‘The leaves are similar 
to lyrata and as white beneath as Q. bicolor. At Pemberton 
Junction I found a similar tree growing near Q. bicolor, and 
beside it another with similar leaf outline, but leaves thinner and 
the downy lower surface dull grayish-green. ‘ 


Order URTICALES. 
Family ULMACEA. Elms and Hackberries. 


a. Fruit a winged seed, twigs and trunk not warty. Ulmus, p. 412 

aa. Fruit a drupe, twigs and trunk usually with warty excrescences. 
Celtis, p. 413 

ULMUS L. 
UImus americana L. White Elm. 
Ulmus americana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 226. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 27— 
Britton 216. 

Low ground, especially along rivers; common in the Northern 
district and less abundant southward in the Middle district. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 413 


Mainly restricted to the shores of large rivers or their tributaries, 
or to low meadowland.* 

Fl_—Late ‘March to early April, before the leaves expand. Fr. 
—Late April to mid-May, when the leaves are partly expanded. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant (S), Bordentown, Pemberton 
Jnc. (S), Moorestown, Medford (S), Mickleton, Atco (C), Salem (C). 


CELTIS L. 


Celtis occidentalis L. Hackberry. 


Celtis occidentalis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1044. 1753 [Virginia]—Barton, Fi. 
Phila. I. 151. 1818—Knieskern 27.—Willis 54—Britton 216. 

Frequent in woods and thickets of the Middle, Coast and Cape 
May districts, and occasional northward. Absent from the Pine 
Barrens. 

The tree of the coast strip has rather small, practically glabrous, 
leaves, and the same form occurs in the Middle district, but 
there occur with it trees with very rough, usually larger, leaves, 
and others with larger leaves which are nearly glabrous. The 
length of both pedicels and petioles varies greatly. While I at 
one time supposed that both C. georgiana and C. crassifolia oc- 
curred in our region, I have found it impossible to separate 
our material, the characters being so variable and occurring in 
such different combinations, so it was thought best to record 
all of them under C. occidentalis. 

Fl.—tLate April to late May, when the leaves are expanding. 
Fr.—tLate August into early autumn. 

Middle District.—lLeedsville, Mon. Co. (NB), Crosswicks, Fish House (S), 
Camden, Merchantville, Oaklyn (S), Gloucester, Lawnside (S), Woodbury, 
Salem (S). . 

Coast Strip.—Sandy Hook, Toms River (Kn), Barnegat City (L), Surf 
City (L), St. Albans (L), West Creek (S), Absecon (Bassett), Pleasant- 
ville (NY), Piermont (S), Anglesea (UP). 

Cape May—Goshen, Court House, Dias Creek (S). 


* Ulmus fulva Michx., a tree of the northern counties is said by Willis to 
occur in Monmouth county, and Dir. Britton gives it in his list from Clemen- 
ton (H. A. Green). All Elms from the latter vicinity seem to be U. ameri- 
cana, however, and we have seen no specimen of U. fulva from within our 
limits 


414 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Family MORACEAS. ‘Mulberries. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Staminate and pistillate flowers in spikes. 
b. Leaves rough above, pubescent beneath, fruit purple. 
Morus rubra, p. 414 
bb. Leaves glabrous, fruit whitet. [M. alba]* 
aa. Pistillate flowers capitate. [Broussonetia papyrifera]t 


MORUS L. 
Morus rubra L. Red Mulberry. 


Morus rubra Linneus, Sp. Pl. 986. 1753 [Virginia].—Knieskern 27.—Britton 
217. 


Frequent in woods of the Northern district, occurring less 
abundantly within our limits and confined to the upper part of 
the Middle district and the coast strip south to Cape May 
County. 

Fl.—Mld-May to late May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr.—Late June to early July. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), Pemberton (C), Medford (S), Mickleton, 
below Millville. 

Coast Strip—Piermont (S), Court House (S$). 

The record at Winslow, in Britton’s catalogue, refers to an introduced tree. 


Family URTICACEZ. Niettles. 
Key to the S‘pecies. 


a. Herbs with stinging hairs. 
b. Leaves alternate. Urticastrum, p. 415 
bb. Leaves opposite. 
c. Length of petiole exceeding half the breadth of the leaf. 
U. gracilis, p. 415 
cc. Length of petiole less than half the breadth of the leaf. 
[U. diotca]t 
aa. Herbs witout stinging hairs. 
b. Flowers in axillary clusters, ‘surrounded by leafy bracts. 
Parietaria, p. 416 
bb. Flowers in naked axillary clusters, plant shining, and pellucid. 
; Adicea, p. 415 
bbb. Flowers in dense slender axillary or terminal spikes, plant not pel- 
lucid. Boehmeria, p. 415 
* White Mulberry, an escape about houses. 
+ Paper Mulberry, an escape. 
+ Stinging Nettle, a weed in waste ground, etc. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 41s 


URTICA L. 
Urtica gracilis Ait. Slender Nettle. 


Urtica gracilis Aiton, Hort. Kew. ITI. 341. 1789 [Hudson Bay].—Britton 
217.—Keller and Brown 126. 


Common in the northern counties; but barely enters our region. 
Middle District.—Bordentown (C).* 


URTICASTRUM Fabricius. 
Urticastrum divaricatum (L.). Wood Nettle. 


Urtica divaricatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 985. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Laportea canadensis Britton 218. 


Common in the northern counties, but rare within our limits, 
occurring only along the Delaware and on the Coast. 
Fl. and Fr.—Mid-August to mid-September. 


Middle District—Kinkora (NY), Delair, Fish House, Camden (CP), 
Mullica Hill (C), Swedesboro, New Egypt. 


ADICEA Rafinesque. 


Adicea pumila (L.). Clearweed. 


Urtica pumila Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 984. 1753 [Canada]. 
Pilea pumila Britton 218. 

Damp shady places; most common northward, but occurs 
locally throughout the Middle district and in the Cape May 
peninsula. 

Fl. and Fr.—tate July to late September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Hartford, Fish House, Kinkora 
(NY), Springdale (S), Clementon (NB), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S), 


Washington Park. 
Cape May.—Cape May. 


BOEHMERIA Jacquin, 
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.). False Nettle. 
Urtica cylindrica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 984. 1753 [Jamaica, Virginia and Canada]. 
Boehmeria cylindrica Britton 218. 
Common northward and down the Coast strip to Cape May 
County; less frequent in the Middle district and very rare in 


* Mr. Lippincott informs me that the specimens credited to Swedesboro on 
his authority (KB) came from Pennsylvania. 


416 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


the Pine Barrens. Apparently the majority of our material is 
1eferable to B. c. drummondiana Weddell (Ann. Sci. Nat., 4 
Ser: 201-1854—Texas).* 

FI. and Fr.—Early July to early September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House, Camden (Bassett), Kaighns Pt., 


Medford (S), Mickleton (H), Salem (S$). 
Pine Barrens—Hammonton. 


Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Mays Landing (S), Ocean City (S), Holly 
Beach (UP), Cold Spring (S), Cape May Court House. 


PARIETARIA L. 
Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl. Pellitory. 


Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhlenberg in Willdenow, Sp. Pl. IV. 955. 1806 
[Pennsylvania].—Willis 55.—Britton 218.—Keller and Brown 127. 


Occasional on cliffs and rocky places northward; obtained but 
once within our limits. 


Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NY), [Ruger July 5, 1870]. 


Order SANTALALES. 


Family LORANTHACE. Mistletoes. 


PHORADENDRON Nuttall. 
Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh.). Misletoe. 


Viscum flavescens Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 114. 1814 [North America]. 
Phoradendron flavescens Knieskern 27—Britton 213—Keller and Brown 127. 


Formerly frequent through much of the Middle district and 
occasional on the edge of the Pine Barrens, but now nearly ex- 
terminated in the State. Monmouth County was the most 
northern known station for the plant. 

Comparatively little has been left on record regarding this in- 
teresting plant, now all but exterminated in the State. The most 
northern station was three and a half (or four) miles north of 
Keyport, near the shore of Raritan Bay, where it grew on an old 
Liquidambar according to Rev. Saml. Lockwood, as late as 1864, 
when the plant formed a mass as big as a bushel measure. By 


*Cf. Fernald Rhodora XII, p. 11. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 417 


1880, it was gone, although the tree still remained.* ‘Mr. I. H. 
Hall recorded a specimen forty feet up on a Red Maple two feet 
in diameter at the base, growing on the edge of the Pines May 3. 
1872.7 

It also grew in 1884 between Trenton and New Brunswick and 
at Lakewood.t In July, 1891, I found a large bunch, over a foot 
in diameter, growing on a gum tree (Nyssa sylvatica) below 
Clementon. 

In the Martindale Herbarium, at the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy, are specimens collected at Kaighn’s Point, September, 
1860; Camden, June 15, 1874; Attco, May, 1878, and Mays 
Landing, July 4, 1888. 

It still grows on a tree at Fenwick, carefully guarded by the 
colored people who live close by and make a profit by selling it. 
It also grows on a certain Red Maple not far from Medford, 
though it rarely reaches a height of more than one inch. If it 
grew larger it would, no doubt, suffer the fate of the berry- 
bearing Holly of the neighborhood and find its way to the street 
corners of Philadelphia at Christmas time. 

In the central Mississippi Valley the Mistletoe is regularly 
killed off by severe winters, but several mild seasons will restore 
it to its former abundance. 

In that neighborhood, and doubtless in New Jersey as well, 
it blooms September 15—October 25, while the fruit matures 
during November of the following year, remaining on the 
branches well through the winter.§ 


Middle District—Four miles north Keyport (C), New Lisbon (C), Med- 
ford, Clementon, Kaighns Pt. (P), Glassboro, Woodbury (C), Mickleton 
(H), Swedesboro, Atco (CP), Vineland (C), Fenwick, Riddleton, Woods- 
town (C), Bridgeton (C), Millville (KB). 

Pine Barrens,—Lakewood (NB), Hammonton, Landisville (T), Jackson 
(P), Mays Landing (NY). 


* Torrey Bulletin XI., p. 87. 

+ Torrey Bulletin III, p. 25. 

Torrey Bulletin XI, p. 76. 

§ cf. Schneck. Botanical Gazette IX., 1884, p. 94. 


27 MUS 


418 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Family SANTALACE. Sandalwood, etc. 


COMANDRA Nuttall. 
Comandra umbellata (L.). False Toad-flax. 


Thesium umbellatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 208. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsylvania]. 
Comandra umbellata Knieskern.—Britton 214. 

Common throughout the State in sandy ground, most plentiful 
in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Mid-May to late June. Fr—Apparently not very com- 


mon. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Browns Mills, Delanco, Wash- 
ington Park, Sewell (S), Lindenwold (S), Mickleton, Sicklerville (S), 
Swedesboro, Yorktown, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Manahawkin, Sumner, Landisville, Ham- 
monton (Bassett), Absecon (P). 

Cape May.—Burleigh (OHB). 


Order ARISTOLOCHIALES. 
Family ARISTOLOCHIACEA!. Birthwort, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves reniform, paired, flower growing from between the petioles. 
Asarum, p 418 
aa. Leaves ovate lancolate,. alternate on a somewhat zig-zag stem. 


3 Aristolochia, p. 418 
ASARUM L. 


Asarum canadense L. Wild Ginger. 
Asarum canadense Linneus, Sp. Pl. 442. 1753 [Canada].—Britton 212. 


Rich woods; common northward, rare and local within our 
limits and confined to the upper Middle district. 
Fl.—Late April to late May. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), New Egypt, Pemberton (NB), Borden- 
town (C), Camden Co. (C), Swedesboro. 
ARISTOLOCHIA L. 
Aristolochia serpentaria L. Virginia Snakeroot. 
PL LXVL, Fig. 3. 


Aristolochia serpentaria Linneus, Sp. Pl. 961. 1753 [Virginia].—Barton Fl. ° 
Phila. IT. 146. 1818—Britton 212. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 419 


Not very plentiful, and locally distributed in the Northern and 
Middle districts and rarely in the Cape May peninsula. 
Fl._—Early June to early July. Fr—Late July to late August. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), Holmdel (C), Haddonfield, Medford, Man- 
tua, Mullica Hill (H), Malaga (S), Swedesboro, Riddleton, Locust Grove. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Order POLYGONALES. 
Family POLYGONACE. Buckwheats, Smartweeds, etc. 


a, Calyx of six parts, the three inner ones often developing into wings, one 
or all of them bearing a tubercle. 
b. Leaves hastate, flowers dioeceous, plants not over 4 dm. high. 
c. Inner sepals not developing wings. [R. acetosella]* 
cc. Inner sepals developing wings. R. hastatulus, p. 421 
bb. Leaves not hastate, flowers perfect, tall plants. 
c. Leaves flat, edges not crisped, pedicels clavate. 
R. verticillatus, p. 421 
cc. Leaves crisped on the edges. 
d. Wings of fruiting calyx entire, somewhat undulate. 
[R. crispus]* 
dd. Wings of fruiting calyx toothed or fringed. 
[R. obtusifolius]* 
aa, Calyx five parted, leaves very slender linear, or almost filiform, pedicils 
solitary. Polygonella, p. 427 
aaa. Calyx four or five parted, leaves not filiform, pedicels usually in fascicles. 
b. Flowers in terminal spike-like racemes, calyx five parted. 
c. Raceme solitary or two, aquatic plants. Polygonum emersumt, p. 421 
cc. Racemes several or numerous. 
d. Ocree (sheathing the joints) naked or ciliolate. . 
e, Racemes drooping. : [P. lapathifolium]t 
ee. Racemes erect. — : 
f. Stem glandular below the inflorescence. 
P. pennsylvanicum, p. 422 
ff. Stem glabrous below the inflorescence. 
P. eciliatum, p. 423 
dd. Ocrez fringed with bristles. 
e. Racemes dense, not interrupted. 
f. Racemes erect. 
g. Leaves 65x12 mm., bristles 3 mm. long, flowers 
deep red, in waste ground. [P. persicaria]t 
gg. Leaves 35x10 mm.,, bristles 6 mm. long, flowers 
white, usually strongly tinged with pink. 


*R. crispus Yellow Dock, R. obtusifolius Bitter Dock, R. acetosella Horse 
Sorrel, common weeds about cultivated and waste ground. ‘ 

+ Dock-leaved Smartweed, apparently always an introduced weed. 

tLady’s Thumb. 


420 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


h. Calyx lobes entirely covering the achene. 
P. hydropiperoides, p. 422 
hh. Calyx lobes shorter than the achene. 
P.h. opelousanum, p. 422 
ggg. Leaves 150x 20 mm., bristles 12 mm. long, flowers 


usually whitish. P. setaceum, p. 424 
ff. Racemes drooping. P. careyt, p. 422 

ee. Racemes slender, interrupted. 
f. Achene dull. [P. hydropiper]* 


ff. Achene smooth and shining. 
g. Leaves hispid above 150 x 20 mm. 
P. setaceum, p. 424 
gg. Leaves glabrous, 
h, Leaves 100 x15, plant medium. 
P. punctatum, p. 423 
hh. Leaves 140 x 35, plant tall. 
P. p. robustius, p. 423 
bb. Flowers in a very long terminal, naked, interrupted raceme, calyx 


four parted, leaves ovate, acuminate. P. virginianum, p. 424 
bbb. Flowers axillary or in small axillary clusters, plants prostrate or 
erect. 
c. Plants prostrate. 
d. Foliage nearly white, maritime. P. maritimum, p. 424 
dd. Foliage bluish green. P. aviculare, p. 424 
cc. Plants erect. 
d. Stems sharply angled, leaves linear. P. tenue, p. 425 
dd. Stems terete. 
e. Leaves elliptic obtuse. P. erectum, p. 424 


ee. Leaves lanceolate acute. 

f. Pedicels exserted, leaves lanceolate, acute. 
P. atlanticum, p. 425 
ff. Pedicels covered by the sheaths, leaves linear, obleng, 
often obtuse. P. prolificum, p. 425 
bbbb. Flowers in axillary and terminal clusters or panicled racemes, climb- 

ing vines. 

c. Outer segments of fruiting calyx keeled, not winged. 

[P. convolvulus]* 


cc. Outer segments of fruiting calyx winged. P. scandens, p. 426 

bbbbb. Flowers in capitate clusters or racemes, stems covered with recurved 
prickles. 

c, Leaves sagittate. P. sagittatum, p. 426 

cc. Leaves halberd-shaped. P. arifolium, p. 426 


* All the Polygonums seem to have a tendency to become weeds. P. 
aviculare, P. erectum, P. pennsylvanicum and P. careyi, while natives of 
North America, seem to be entirely weeds, to-day, within our limits, and to 
these may be added P. hydropiper, Common Smartweed, P. persicaria, Lady’s 
Thumb, and P. convolvulus, Black Bindweed, all common in waste or culti- 
vated ground, and all natives of Europe, though the first does occur native 
in the northwest. The brilliant crimson-spiked Prince’s Feather, P. orientale, 
of old garden:, sometimes escapes into waste ground. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 421 


RUMEX L.* 
Rumex verticillatus L. Swamp Dock. 


Rumex verticillatus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 334. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 26. 
—Britton 211.—Keller and Brown 128. 
Damp shaded spots throughout the State, except in the Pine 
Barrens, apparently not common. 
Fr,—Early June to early August. 


Middle Distict—Medford (S), Salem (H). 
Coast Strip.—Piermont (S$), Wildwood, Holly Beach. 
Cape May.—Nummeytown (S), Green Creek (OHB). 


Rumex hastatulus Bald. Engelmann’s Sorrel. 


Rumex hastatulus' Baldwin, Elliot, Fl, S. C. and Ga. IL., p. 416, r82r 
[Georgia and E. Florida]—Crawford, Bartonia I. 18. 1909. 

Known only from the sand hills at Longport, where it was 
discovered in August, 1890, by Mr. Charles E. Smith, and later 
reported by Messrs. Joseph Crawford and Stewardson Brown, 
who found it in abundance June 23, 1907. 

Fr.—Mid-June to late August. 


Coast Strip—Longport. 


POLYGONUM L.+ 
Polygonum emersum (Michx.). Swamp Smartweed. 


Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 240. 1803 
[Banks of the Ohio]. 

Polygonum coccineum Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 188. 1818. 

Polygonum emersum Britton 209—Keller and Brown 130. 

Borders of swamps and ditches; frequent in the northern 
counties and south to about the center of the Middle district, 
reappearing in the southern part of the Cape May peninsula. 

Fr.—Late August to late September. 

Middle District—Mickleton (NB), Repaupo. 


Pine Barrens—Ancora (Bassett). Native? 
Cape May—Bennett. 


*Knieskern’s record of “R. maritimus salt marshes of Ocean and Mon- 
mouth counties, not rare,’ has not been verified; both it and the records of 
R. brittanica for Anglesea (KB) are probably referable to R. verticillatus. 

{ For studies of this genus cf. Robinson, Rhodora, April, 1902, p. 63, Small, 
‘Torrey Bulletin XX. 214, XXI. 168, XXI. 476. 


422 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Pennsylvania Smartweed. 
Polygonum pensylvanicum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 362. 1753 [Pennsylvania] — 
Knieskern 26.—Britton 200. 

Common throughout the State. While a native plant of eastern 
North ‘America, this is one of those species which have found 
themselves perfectly adapted for existence in cultivated and 
waste ground, and has thus become a weed to such an extent 
that all record of its original habitat and distribution has been 
lost. It seems useless to cite localities, as it occurs in waste and 
cultivated ground everywhere, even on the coastal islands. 

Fr.—Early August to late September or into October. 


Polygonum careyi Olney. Carey’s Smartweed. 


Polygonum Careyi Olney, Proc. Prov. Franklin Soc. I. 29. 1847 [Providence, 
R. I.].—Willis 52—Britton 208.—Keller and Brown 130. 

Frequent in sandy swamps of the northern counties and 
now spreading over the southern half of the State as a weed. 
Whether originally native within our limits it is impossible to 
say. 

Fr.—Mid-July into September. 

Middle District—Pemberton (C), Browns Mills, Medford (S), Haddon- 
field, Mickleton. 

Pine Barrens——Manchester, Winslow (P), Landisville (T), Hammonton 


(C), Egg Harbor City. 
Coast Strip—Ocean Grove (P), Toms River (C). 


Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. Mild Smartweed. 
Polygonum hydropiperoides Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 2309. 1803 [Pennsyl- 


vania, Virginia and Carolina].—Britton 200. 

Swamps of the Middle and Coast districts to Cape May ; com- 
mon. Apparently less abundant northward and absent from the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fr.—Late July to late September or into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Bear Swamp (S), Ballengers 


Mills (S), Clementon, Repaupo, Mickleton, Sharpstown, Salem (8). 
Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Ocean City, Cold Spring (S). 


Polygonum hydropiperoides opelousanum Riddell. Riddell’s Smartweed. 


Polygonum Opelousanum “Riddell” Small, Bull. Torr. Bot, Club XIX. 354. 
(Opelousas, La.]. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW. JERSEY. 423 


Rather frequent in the Middle and Coast districts. 
Fr.—Apparently similar to the last. 


Middle District—Delanco. 
Coast Strip.—Surf City (L), Ocean City, Cold Spring, Cape May Ct. House. 


Polygonum punctatum Ell. Dotted Smartweed. 


Polygonum punctatum Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I 455. 1817 [South 
Carolina]. 

Swamps; common throughout the State, except in the Pine 
Barrens, where it is absent. 

Fr—tLate July to late September or into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House, Masonville, Medford (S$), 
Swedesboro, below Washington Park (S), Beaver Dam. 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Island Hts. Jnc., N. Beach Haven (L), Ship 


Bottom (1), Surf City (L), Holgate’s (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City, 
Piermont (S), Cape May Ct. House, Cape May (8). 


Polygonum punctatum robustius Small. Larger Dotted Smartweed. 


Polygonum punctatum robustior Small, Bull. Torr, Bot. Club XXI. 477. 1804 
[Mass. to Mexico and S. A.]. 


At one station in the Middle district, probably elsewhere. A. 
well marked large and robust form of P. punctatum. 


Middle District Moorestown. 


Polygonum eciliatum (Small). Bristleless Smartweed. 


Polygonum punctatum var. eciliatum Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XX. 214. 
1893 [Valley of Toluca Mex.] 

Borders of ponds in the lower Cape May peninsula and 
lower coast islands; local. 

This handsome Polygonum was discovered by Mr. Alexander 
McElwee September 11, 1892, at Wildwood. He proposed to 
describe it as new, but for some reason did not do so, and his 
manuscript description is still attached to the specimen in the 
Philadelphia Academy herbarium. On September 5, 1909, Mr. 
C. S. Williamson collected it at West Cape ‘May. The pink 
flowers are quite showy. 

'Fr—Late August to late September. 


Coast Strip —Wildwood. 
Cape May.—West Cape May. 


424 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Polygonum setaceum Baldwin. Bristly Smartweed. 


Polygonum setaceum “Baldwin” Elliott, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I: 455. 1817 
[Savannah.] 


Damp ground in the lower part of the Cape May peninsula; 
locally common. 

First obtained in the State by the writer September 6, 1909, 
on the borders of a stream east of Cape May Court House. 

Fr.—tLate August, probably into Oltober. 


Cape May.—Court House, Dias Creek. 


Polygonum virginianum L. Virginia Knotweed. 
Polygonum virginianum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 360. 1753 [Virginia].—Britton 209. 
Common in woods of the northern counties, south locally 
in the Middle district and rarely in the Cape May peninsula. 
Fr—Early August into October. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Haddonfield (S), Springdale (S), below 


Washington Park (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Court House (OHB). 


Polygonum aviculare L. Knotgrass. 
Polygonum aviculare Linneus, Sp. Pl. 362. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 2to. 
Common in cultivated and waste ground throughout the State; 
although of native origin it has become a typical weed, and cita- 
tion of localities seems useless. | 
Fr.—Late August into October. 


Polygonum erectum L. Erect Knotweed. 
Polygonum erectum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 363. 1753 [Philadelphia].—Britton 2to. 
Polygonum aviculare var. erectum Knieskern 26. 
Similar in distribution and history to the last species. 
Fr —tLate August into October. 


Polygonum maritimum L. Seaside Knotweed. 


Polygonum maritimum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 361. 1753 [Italy and Virginia].— 
Willis 52.—Britton 210.—Keller and Brown 131. 

Polygonum glaucum Nuttall, Man. I. 254. 1818 [Egg Harbor, N. J.]. 
Sands of the sea beaches, but apparently not common. 
The plant here referred to is often whitish and always 

with silvery sheaths. Other prostrate Polygonuaus occur along 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 425 


the coast, probably introduced, to some extent at least. It is 
impossible, with the material at hand, and the rather involved 
condition of the synonymy of this group, to positively settle 
their identity. 

Maritime—Long Branch, Waretown, Anglesea, Cape May. 


Polygonum prolificum (Small). Bushy Knotweed. 


Polygonum ramosissimum var. prolificum Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X XI. 
171. 1894 [Exeter Neb.]. 
Polygonum prolificum Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXXVI. ago. 
Coast district frequent. 
Fr.—Early September into October. 
Maritime.—Spring Lake, Forked River, Harvey Cedars (L,), Spray Beach 


(L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Cedar Bonnet (L), Sea Isle City, Stone 
Harbor, Cape May. 


Polygonum atlanticum (Robinson). Atlantic Knotweed. 


Polygonum ramosissimum forma atlanticum Robinson, Rhodora IV: 72. 1902 
[Edgartown, Mass.]. 
Polygonum ramosissimum Britton 210.—Keller and Brown 131. 

Frequent along the coast. I agree with Mr. Bicknell that P. 
exsertum represents a plant in which the embryos are developing 
prematurely in the seeds. i 

Fr.—Early September into October. 


Maritime.—Seaside Park, Barnegat Pier, Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Har- 
vey Cedars (L), Spray Beach (L), Ship Bottom (L), Surf City (L). 


Polygonum tenue Michx. Slender Knotweed. 


Polygonum tenue Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 238. 1803 [Canada].—Pursh, 
Fi. Am. Sept. I. 270. 1814.—Britton 210. 
Polygonum linifolium Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 186. 1818. 


Frequent in dry ground in the Northern and Middle districts, 
and occasional on the coast and on the Cape May peninsula. 

Fr.—Mid-August to early October. 

Middle District—Keyport (C), New Egypt, Florence Heights, Birming- 
ham, Camden (CP), Woodbury, Oaklyn (S), Mullica Hill (NB), Mickleton 
(H), Swedesboro, Bridgeton. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville, introduced? 

Coast Strip —Forked River. 

Cape May—Dias Creek, Cold Spring (OHB). 


426 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Polygonum scandens L. Climbing Bindweed. 


Polygonum scandens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 364. 1753 [America]. 
Polygonum dumetorum Knieskern 26. 
Polygonum dumetorum var. scandens Britton 210. 


Common in swamps and thickets of the Northern and Middle 
districts, also down the coast and at Cape May. This seems to 
be the only form of trailing bindweed found native in our region. 

Fr.—tate August to early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Orchard (S$), Springdale 
(S), Haddonfield (S), Lawnside (S), below Washington Park (S), Mickle- 


ton. 


Coast Strip—Forked. River, Surf City (L), N. Beach Haven (L,), Barrel 
Island (L), Holly Beach, Cape May (OHB). 


Polygonum sagittatum L. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb, 
Polygonum sagittatum Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 363. 1753 [Virginia and Maryland]. 
—Knieskern 26.—Britton 210. 

Common in swamps of the Northern, Middle and Coast dis- 
tricts down to Cape May. 

This species and the following are two of the plants of late 
summer which give to the swamps of west Jersey a character 
which at once contrasts them with the bogs of the Pine Barrens. 
A’ssociated with these Tear-thumbs are usually found Eupatorium 
perfoliatum, and maculatum, Vernonia noveboracensis, several 
species of Bidens, Aster puniceus, etc., all of them lacking from 
the Pines. 

Fr.—Mid-August to mid-September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Delaire, Hartford, Birmingham, Lindenwold 
(S), Medford (S), Albion, Willow Grove, Mickleton. 

Coast Strip—Waretown, Forked River, Manahawkin, Coxe’s, Crowleytown. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Polygonum arifolium L. Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb, 


Polygonum arifolium Linneus, Sp. Pl. 364. 1753 [Virginia and Florida].— 
Michaux, Fl. Bor, Am. I. 241. 1803—Knieskern 26—Britton 210. 


Common in swamps of the Northern and Middle districts and 
less commonly in the Coast Strip and Cape May peninsula. 
Fr—Late August to late September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Kinkora (NY), Hartford, 
Pensauken (S), Fish House, Delair, Medford (S), Springdale (S), Oaklyn, 
Kaighns Pt. Lindenwold (S), Center Square. 

Coast.—Cox’s, May Landing (T). 

Cape May—Court House (OHB), Green Creek (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 427 


POLYGONELLA Michaux. 
Polygonella articulata (L.). Jointweed. 


Polygonum articulatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 363. 1753 {[Canada].—Muhlenberg 
Cat. 4o. 1813.—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 272. 1814.—Barton, Fl. Phila. 
189. 1818—Knieskern 26.—Willis 52—Britton 210. 

Polygonella articulata Keller and Brown 132. 


Frequent in dry sandy soil throughout our area and only 
occurring north of it at one locality in Middlesex Co. 

This is a striking plant of autumn in dry ground, especially 
along the coast and in the Pines. ‘The leaves are so inconspicuous 
that the plant seems to consist entirely of slender racenes of little 
white flowers supported on wiry stems. 

Fl.—E arly September well through October. Fr.—Develops 
almost immediately. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Hainesport, Medford, Locust Grove (S), 
Springdale (S), Lindenwold, Ashland, Camden, Center Square, below Wash- 
ington Park (S), Woodbury, Mickleton, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Whitings (S), Chatsworth, Clementon, Taunton (5S), 
Kenilworth (S), Cedar Brook, Jones Mill (S), Batsto, Pleasant Mills, north 
of Batsto, Berlin (S), Albion, Buena Vista, May’s Landing. 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Island Heights, Seaside Park (S), Forked 
River, Manahawkin, Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City, Ocean 
City (S), Anglesea (UP). 

Cape May.—Cape May. 


Order CHENOPODIALES. 
Family CHENOPODIACE. Goosefoot, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Embryo coiled in a ring about the albumen, leaves flat, not spiny. 
b. Stem not jointed. 
c. Flowers perfect or some pistillate. 
d. Fruiting calyx not winged, flowers in panicled spikes. 
e. Leaves whitish, mealy on the under surface. 
f. Some at least sinuate-toothed or lobed. 
[Chenopodium album]* 
ff. Entire, linear or oblong. C. leptophyllum, p. 428 
ee. Leaves green on both sides. 
f. Not glandular or aromatic. 
g. Stamens 5, calyx not fleshy. C. boscianum, p. 429 
gg. Stamens 1-2, calyx somewhat fleshy, red. 
C. rubrum, p. 420 


*C. album, Pigweed, and C. ambrosioides, are common about barnyards and 
other waste places. 


428 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ff. Glandular and aromatic. [C. ambrosiodes] 
dd. Fruiting calyx winged all around. 
[Cycloloma atriplicifolium]* 
cc. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, calyx wanting on pistillate 
flowers, fruit enclosed by two bractlets. 
d. Leaves green, triangular hastate. Atriplex hastata, p. 429 
dd. Leaves densely silvery, oblong. A. arenaria, p. 430 
aa. Embryo narrowly horseshoe-shaped or conduplicate, no albumen stems, 
cylindrical, fleshy jointed with opposite branches, leaves practically none, 
flowers sunk in hollows of the spike. 
b. Annuals, no woody rootstalk. 
c. Scales mucronate pointed, stems thick. Salicornia bigelovii, p. 431 
cc. Scales blunt, stems more slender. S. europea, p. 430 
bb. Perennial, stems rising from a woody root stalk. S. ambigua, p. 431 
aaa. Embryo coiled in a spiral, albumen scarcely any, leaves fleshy. 


b. Leaves very spiny. Salsola kali, p. 433 
bb. Leaves not spiny. 
c. Branchlets, ete. hairy. Bassia hirsuta, p. 432 
cc. Branchlets glabrous. 
d. Seeds 2 mm. broad. Dondia maritima, p. 432 
dd. Seeds 1.2-1.5 mm. broad. D. linearis, p. 432 


CHENOPODIUM L. 


Chenopodium leptophyllum (Mog.). Narrow-leaved Goosefoot. 
Chenopodium album var. leptophyllum Moquin in D. C. Prod. XIII, pt. 2. 71. 
1849 [New California]. 
Chenopodium leptophyllum Britton 206—Keller and Brown 133. 

Found only on the coast from Sandy Hook to Wildwood. 
Originally discovered on “Absecon Beach” [= Atlantic City] 
by D. C. Eaton in 1860, and by E. Diffenbaugh at about the same 
time or earlier. Their station was no doubt in the wooded tract 
near Ventnor, as the other stations farther south are both on 
wooded islands. 

This is a boreal species extending down the coast from Maine, 
and is one of several northern species which are found in southern 
New Jersey only on the coast islands. Dr. Britton’s statement 
that this and the following are adventive form farther west does 
not seem to be correct in light of our present knowledge. 


Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Barnegat City (L), Barrel Island (L), 
Absecon Beach (NB), Atlantic City (C), Avalon (KB), Five-Mile Beach. 


* Cycloloma, Winged Pigweed, has been introduced at Holly Beach and 
Ocean City. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 429 


Chenopodium boscianum Mog. Bosc’s Goosefoot. 
Chenopodium Boscianum Moquin-Tandon, Enum. Chenopod. 21. 1840 
[Carolina].—Britton 206.—Keller and Brown 133 (in part equals the 
preceding). 

Banks of the upper Delaware; apparently rare and known only 
from Milford, Hunterdon Co., and Florence Heights, Burling- 
ton Co. 

The records for Five Mile Beach (Leeds) and Ventnor 
(Githens), given in Keller and Brown’s list, refer to C. album or 
the preceding. 

Flowers and immature fruit in August. 


Middle Districhs—Florence Heights. 


Chenopodium rubrum L. Red Goosefoot. 


Chenopodium rubrum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 218. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 207.— 
Keller and Brown 134. 
Blitum maritimum Knieskern 26.—Willis 51. 

Salt meadows on the coast; rare. 

This plant reaches the southern limit of its range on the New 
Jersey coast, where it seems to be very rare or very local, as only 
one station is known. It is true that it has been mentioned in 
all the lists,* but apparently without any definite knowledge of 
its occurrence, and I have been unable to find any specimens in 
the herbaria that I have examined except those collected by Mr. 
Bayard Long on Barrel Island, near Tuckerton, September 11, 


1908. 
Maritime—Barrel Isl. (Gp: 


ATRIPLEX L. 
Atriplex hastata L. Halberd-leaved Orache. 
_ PL. LVIL, Fig. 1. 


Atriplex hastata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1053. 1753 [Europe].—Knieskern 26.— 


Keller and Brown 134. 
Atriplex patula var. hastata Willis 51.—Britton 207. 
Atriplex patula Barton Fl. Phila. I. 148. 1818. 


Common along the coast and Delaware river shore. Else- 
where as a weed on waste ground. 


* Anglesea (Lippincott) and Cape May (Tenbrook) are given by Keller 
and Brown, but the former and perhaps the latter also proves to be Atriplex 


hastata. 


430 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


F].—Late July to early September. Fr.—Early September to 
late October. 


Middle District—Salem (S). 
Coast Strip—Barnegat Pier, Surf City (L), Beach Haven (L), Spray 
Beach (L,), Ocean City (S), Cold Spring (S), Cape May (S). 


Atriplex arenaria Nutt. Sea Beach Orache. 
Atriplex arenaria Nuttall, Gen. I. 198. 1818 [Coast of New Jersey]—Britton 
207—Keller and Brown 135. 

Sandy beaches along the coast ; frequent. 

‘One of the characteristic plants of the upper part of the beach, 
and found throughout the entire length of the coast. Nuttall’s 
original specimen was collected by Zaccheus Collins, who must 
have been one of the best informed botanists of any time upon 
the region here considered. 

Fl.—Late July to late August. Fir.—Late August to early 
October. 


Maritime—Sandy Hook, Asbury Park, Long Branch, Island Beach, Surf 
City (L), St. Albans (L), Spray Beach (L,), Tuckers (L), Atlantic City, 
Ocean City, Stone Harbor, Anglesea, Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). 


SALICORNIA L. 
Salicornia europza L. Slender Glasswort. 
Pl. LV,, Fig. 1. 
Salicornia europea var. herbacea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 3. 1753 [Europe]. 
Salicornia herbacea Knieskern 26.—Willis 51.—Britton 207.—Keller and Brown 
135. 

Abundant on the salt marshes of the coast. 

The upright succulent stems of this little plant cover many 
acres of the salt meadows, which stretch away like a green plain 
between the pine clad mainland and the shining sand spits which 
mark the location of the barrier islands along the coast, some 
surmounted by strips of woodland and most of them with the 
varied buildings of summer resorts, whose electric lights sparkle 
at night like myriads of stars when seen from far out on the 
meadows. ‘These meadows are not as uniform as they at first 
sight appear. ‘There are tracts where tall marsh grasses grow, 
where the mud-hen makes her nest, and lower grassy patches 
made up mostly of Spartina and Juncus gerardi, and these pass 
gradually into the still lower growth of the Salicornia, which 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW. JERSEY. 431 


crunches under foot like crumbling glass when one walks over it, 
while hundreds of fiddler crabs sidle away in rank upon rank 
among the still upright stalks. 

In autumn, when the plants reach maturity and frost is in the 
air, they turn a bright red, which rivals that of the autumn leaves 
in the upland forest, and gives to the meadows a brief period of 
brilliancy before all is wrapped in the brown carpet of late winter 
and early spring. 

Fr.—tLate October into November. 

Maritime—Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Barnegat Pier, N. Beach Haven 


(L), Surf City (S), Spray Beach (L), Holgate’s (L), Absecon, Brigantine, 
Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Sea Isle, Cape May (S). 


Salicornia bigelovii Torr. Bigelow’s Glasswort. 


PL LV.,, Fig. 2. 
Salicornia Bigelovii Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. Survey. 184. 1859 [Salt 
marshes, Boston, Mass.]—Keller and Brown 135. 

Salicornia Virginica Willis 51. 
Salicornia mucronata Britton 208. 

Coast marshes; associated with the preceding; plentiful, turn- 
ing red in the autumn in the same way. 

Fr.—Late October into November. 


Maritime.—N. Beach Haven (L), St. Albans (L), Absecon, Atlantic City, 
Ocean City (S), Stone Harbor, Wildwood, Cape May. 


Salicornia ambigua Michx. Woody Glasswort. 


Salicornia ambigua Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 2. 1803 [Coast of South Caro- 
lina]—Muhlenberg Cat. 2. 1813—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 3. 1814.— 
Knieskern 26.—Britton 208.—Keller and Brown 135. 

Salicornia fruticosa var. ambigua Willis 51. 


Wet sandy patches on the coast marshes; common. This 
species differs frony the two preceding, not only in its woody 
root stock, but in the fact that it turns a leaden hue in autumn 
instead of bright red. 

Fr.—tate October into ‘November. 

Maritime —Sandy Hook (NB), N. Beach Haven (L), Holgate’s (L), 


Halfway House south of Bond’s (L), Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Angle- 
sea, Piermont, Cape May. 


432 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


DONDIA Adanson. 
Dondia maritima (L.). Sea Blight. 
Pl. LVL, Fig. 2. 


Chenopodium maritima Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 221. 1753 [Sea coast of Europe]. 


“Common on the coast marshes. 
Fr.—Early September into November. 
Maritime.—Long Branch, Beach Haven Terrace (L), N. Beach Haven 


(L), Halfway House south of Bond’s (1), Atlantic City, Ocean City, Angle- 
sea, Cape May. 


Dondia linearis (Ell.). Tall Sea Blight. 


Salsola linearis Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 332 [Coast of South Carolina and. 
Georgia]. 
Salsola salsa Nuttall Gen. I. 199. 1818. 
Suaeda maritima Willis 51. 
Suaeda linearis var. salsa Britton 208. 
Dondia americana Keller and Brown 135. 
Common on the coast marshes; apparently not so plentiful as 
the preceding. 
Fr —Early September into November. 
Maritime——Sandy Hood, Halfway House south of Bond’s (L), Atlantic 
City, Sea Isle City, Five-Mile Beach, Cape May. 


BASSIA L. 
Bassia hirsuta (Linn.). Hairy Sea Blight. 
Chenopodium hirsuta 1, Syst. Nat. 221. 1753 [Coast of Europe]. 
Bassia hirsuta Bartram, Bartonia II. 21. rg10. 

Apparently frequent along the edge of the salt marshes. 

This plant, identified as Bassia hirsuta by Prof. M. L. Fernald, 
and first recorded as such by Mr. E. B. Bartram in 1909, has 
been familiar to me for many years, but was always supposed 
to be a form of Dondia. 

It certainly does not seem like an introduction, and occurs 
associated with Dondia apparently all along the New Jersey 
coast marshes, although more extensive collections will be re- 
quired to ascertain the relative abundance of these plants, which 
have not appealed very strongly to collectors in the past. 

Fr.— Early September to late October. 


Maritime.—Seaside Park, Ocean City, St. Albans (L), N. Beach Haven 
(L), Barnegat City (L), Waretown, Sea Isle City, Anglesea, Wildwood, 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. = 433 


o 


SALSOLA L. 
Salsola kali L. Saltwort. 


Pl. LVIL, Fig. 2. 


Salsola kali Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 222, 1753 [Europe]—Muhlenberg Cat. 29, 1813. 
—Barton FI. Phila. I. 150. 1818. Knieskern 26.—Willis 51.—Britton 
208.—Keller and Brown 135. 


Common in sands of the sea beaches. Reported “up the Dela- 
ware to Camden” in Britton’s Catalogue, but this statement is 
incorrect, as the occurrence at Camden was an introduction, no 
doubt, on ballast; the Atsion record in Willis’ list, if at all 
correct, is to be similarly explained. Some of our specimens 
are glabrous and may represent the so-called variety carolimana, 
but the form: does not seem to be worthy of recognition. 

r.—Late September into November. 


Maritime—Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Waretown, Surf City (L), Hol- 
gate’s, (L), Absecon, Atlantic City, Brigantine, Cape May. 


Family AMARANTHACE. Amaranths. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers monoccious or polygamous, all with a calyx. 
b. Flowers in dense terminal spikes. [A. retroflexus]* 
bb. Flowers in small axillary clusters, shorter than the leaves. 

c. Low, fleshy seacoast plant, leaves often purplish. 
A. pumilus, p. 433 
cc. Bushy branched plants of field, and waste ground. 
: ‘[A. graecizans.]f 

aa. Flowers dioecious. Calyx wanting in the fertile flowers. 
. Acnida cannabina, p. 434 


AMARANTHUS L. 
Amaranthus pumilus Raf. Coast Amaranth. 


Amaranthus pumilus Rafinesque, Med. Rep. CII.) 5. 360. 1808 [Island 
near Egg Harbor, N. J.]—Nuttall, Gen. IL. 201. 1818.—Britton 205.— 
Keller and Brown 136. 


* A. retroflexus Green Amaranth or Pigweed, is frequent about barn-yards 
and waste places, as is the closely allied A. hybridus. 

+ A. graecizans Tumbleweed, is a low plant of cultivated and waste ground; 
becoming detached in autumn it tumbles about over the ground before the 
wind like the panicles of old Witch Grass. 


28 MUS 


434 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Sands of the sea beaches; apparently local and not common. 
Not reported from south of Sea Isle City in New Jersey. 
Fr.—Early August into September. 


Maritime—Long Branch, Barnegat City (L), Long Beach Island on New 
Inlet (L,), Tucker’s (L), Brigantine, Atlantic City, Sea Isle City (P), Cape 
May Ct. House. 

ACNIDA L. 


Acnida cannabina L. Water Hemp. 
Acnida cannabina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1027. 1783 [Virginia]—Barton Fl. 
Phila. II. 193. 1818.—Britton 205.—Keller and Brown 136. 
Common along the coast marshes and up the Delaware at 
least as far as our limits. 
Fl—Mid-August to late September. Fr.—Late August to 
early October. 


Middle District—Kinkora (NY), Fish House, Kaighn’s Pt. Camden, 
Washington Park, Salem (S), Millville. 

Coast Strip—Forked River, Barnegat Pier, Manahawkin, Harvey Cedars 
(L), Anglesea, Cold Spring (S), Cape May, Tuckahoe (S). 

Cape May.—Dennisville (S). 


Family PHYTOLACCACEA. Poke. 
PHYTOLACCA L. 
Phytolacca decandra L. Poke. 


Phytolacca decandra Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 631. 1762 [Virginia].—Knies- 
kern 25. Britton 208. 


River shores and waste ground, especially in the Middle and 
Cape May districts; common also on the coastal islands. The 
Poke, while supposedly native of this region, has become such 
a thorough weed that all trace of its original habitat has been 
lost. 

Fl.—Mid-June into autumn. Fr.—Mid-August into autumn. 

Flowering and fruiting continuously until cut down by frost. 


Family AIZOACEA!. Carpet weed, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Fileshy seacoast herbs, leaves spatulate, opposite. 
Sesuvium maritimum, p. 435 
aa. Not fleshy, leaves mostly linear, verticillate. (Mollugo verticillata]* 


* Carpetweed, a common prostrate weed of cultivated grounds. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 435 


SESUVIUM L. 
Sesuvium maritimum (Walt.). Sea Purslane. 


Pharnacium maritimum Walter, F1. Car. 117. 1788 [South Carolina]. 
Sesuvium sessile Nuttall Gen. I. 306. 1818. 
Sesuvium portulacastrum Knieskern 9.—Willis 13. 
Sesuvium maritimum Britton 112—Keller and Brown 137. 

Occasional on the sea beaches; not nearly as abundant in New 
Jersey as most statements would lead one to suppose. 

Fl.—Early July into September. Fr—Mid-July into October. 


Maritime.—Deal, Halfway House south of Bond’s (L), Sherburn’s (L), 
Ocean City, Wildwood, Cape May (S). 


Family PORTULACACEA. Purslane, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Plant prostrate, flowers yellow. [Portulaca oleracea]* 
aa. Plant erect, flowers white striped with pink. Claytonia, p. 435 


CLAYTONIA L. 
Claytonia virginica L. Spring Beauty. 
Pl. LXXXIV., Fig. 2. 


Claytonia virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 204. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 9.— 
Britton 66. 
Common in moist woodland in the northern counties and less 
abundant and local southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early April to mid-May. Fr—Early May to mid-June. 
Middle District—Keyport (C), New Egypt, Bordentown, Burlington (C), 
Kinkora, Fish House, Pensauken (S), Camden, Pemberton (NB), Moores- 


town (C), Haddonfield (C), Gloucester, Woodbury, Mickleton (NB), Marl- 
boro (C), Alloway, Quinton, Salem (C), Swedesboro, Stoe Creek. 


Family CARYOPHYLLACE. Pinks, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Sepals united into a cup-like or tubular calyx. 
b. Calyx with two or more lance, awl-form bracts at its base, flowers 


pink. [Dianthus armeria]* 


bb. Calyx without bracts. 
c. Five-toothed and ten-nerved. 
d. Styles 5, flowers red-purple, 20-80 mm. broad. 
[Agrostemma githago]* 


* Purslane, an abundant and familiar fleshy weed. 
1 Deptford Pink. Frequent weed in fields. 
2Corn Cockle. A grain-field weed. 


436 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


dd. Styles 3, flowers white or pink. 
e. Calyx not inflated at flowering time. 
f. Plant pubescent and viscid; flowers large, white, 
blooming at night. [Silene noctiflora]® 
ff. Stem with a portion of each joint glutinous, otherwise 
nearly glabrous, flowers small, pink, blooming tran- 
siently in sunshine. S. antirrhina, p. 438 
fff. Plant more or.less viscid—pubescent, flowers 20-30 
mm. broad. 
g. 3-6 dm. high, flowers crimson. S. virginica, p. 437 
gg. 1-2.5 dm. high, flowers pink. S. caroliniana, p. 437 
ee. Calyx bladdery-inflated, flowers white. 


d. Petals fringed. S. stellata, p. 437 

dd. Petals, two-cleft. LS. latifolia]* 

cc. Obscurely-nerved, terete or five-angled, flowers white, tinged with 
pink. [Saponaria officinalis]* 


aa. Sepals distinct or nearly so, low herbs with white or red petals or none. 
b. Fruit a dehiscing capsule. 
c. Stipules present, flowers pink-red. 
d, Plants fleshy, stipules ovate or deltoid. Tissa marina, p. 442 
dd. Plants not fleshy, stipules lanceolate. [Tissa rubra]® 
ce. Stipules none. 
d. Plants fleshy, forming dense mats on the seashore. 
Ammodenia, p. 441 
dd. Plants not fleshy. 
e. Petals two-cleft. 
f. Cleft nearly to the base, styles 3. 
g. Stems and flower stalks glabrous. 
h. Petals shorter than the sepals. 
Alsine uliginosa, p. 438 
hh. Petals longer than the sepals. 
A. longifolia, p. 488 
gg. Stems and flower stalks pubescent. 
[A. media]’ 
ff. Petals cut half-way, styles 5 or 4. 
g. Petals much longer than the sepals. 
Cerastium arvense, Dp. 439 
gg. Petals about equaling the sepals.. 
h. Pedicels not longer than the sepals, flowers 
glomerate. [C. viscosum]® 
hh. Pedicels at length longer than the sepals, 
flowers cymose. 
i. Perennial, tufted. [C. vulgatum]” 
* Night-flowering Catchfly, occasional in waste ground. 
“Bladder Campion, occasional in waste ground. 
* Bouncing Bet. Very common roadside weed. 
°Purple Sand Spurry, a weed especially on the coast. 
"Common Chickweed. This and the next two familiar garden weeds. 
* Mouse-ear chickweed. 
°Larger Mouse-ear Chickweed. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 437 


wi. Annual, weak and reclining. C. nutans, p. 439 
ee. Petals entire. 
f. Styles as many as the sepals. 
g. Ascending, seeds orange brown when mature, dotted 


with resinous atoms. Sagina decumbens, p. 439 
gg. Depressed or spreading, seeds dark or grayish 
brown, not resinous. S. procumbens, p. 440 


ff. Styles fewer than the sepals. 
_g. Leaves broad, 10-20 mm. long. 
Moehringia tateriflora, p. 441 
gg. Leaves ovate, very small, acute. 
[Arenaria serpyllifolia]” 
ggg. Leaves awl-shaped, closely imbricated. 
A. caroliniana, p. 440 
bb. Fruit an indehiscent or irregularly bursting utricle. 
c. Stipules present. 
d. Plant somewhat pubescent, short-jointed, low and spreading. 
Anychia polygonoides, p. 442 
dd. Smooth, longer jointed, slender and erect. A. canadensis, p. 442 
cc. Stipules none, leaves awl-shaped, plant prostrate, spreading. 
[Scleranthus annuus]™ 


SILENE L. 
Silene stellata (L.). Starry Campion.* 


Cucubalus stellatus Einneus, Sp. Pl. 414. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Silene stellata Knieskern 9.—Willis 12—Britton 60. 


Common in woods of the northern counties and locally south- 
ward in the Middle districts and on the coast islands. 
Fl.—Early July to early August. 


Middle District-—Shark River (Kn), New Egypt, Birmingham, Pember- 
ton Jnc. (S), Moorestown (C), Medford (S), Bordentown (C), Fish House, 
Camden (CP), bel. Washington Park (S), Swedesboro, Mickleton (H). 

Coast Strip—Anglesea, Wildwood (UP), Cold Spring. 


Silene caroliniana Walt. Sticky Catchfly. Wild Pink. 


Silene Caroliniana Walter Fl. Car. 142. 1788 [South Carolina]. 
Silene Pennsylvanica Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 213. 1818.—Knieskern 9.—Britton 
61. 


© Thyme-leaved Sandwort. Frequent especially about yards and gardens. 

“Knawel. Abundant in sandy waste ground. 

* Silene virginica Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 419. 1753 [Virginia] —Willis 12.—Brit- 
ton 61.—Keller and Brown 139. 

This species is exceedingly rare in the State, if indeed it occurs at all. 
Willis publishes a record for Warren County on authority of F. Knighton, 
and one for “near Camden” on authority of W. M. Canby. I can find no 
trace of either specimen. Githens’ record for Woodbury, published in Keller 
and Brown’s list, is the following species. 


438 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent in dry sandy soil in the upper part of the Middle 
district and on some of the coast islands. North of our limit in 
the State it occurs only in the Middle district, but grows locally 
beyond the fall line in Pennsylvania. This is a beautiful and 
characteristic West Jersey plant, easily recognized by its bright 
pink flowers, sticky pedicels and general rosette-like habit. 

Fl.—Early May to mid-June. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Browns Mills, Birmingham, Pemberton (C), 
Evansville (C), Medford (S), Locust Grove (S), Beverly, Washington Park, 


Fancy Hill, Mantua (H), Camden (CP). 
Coast Strip —Piermont, Five-Mile Beach. 


Silene antirrhina L. Sleepy Catchfly. 
Silene antirrhina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 419. 1753 [Virginia and Carolina].— 
Barton Fl. Phila. I. 2tr. 1818.—Knieskern 9.—Britton 61. 

Frequent in the Northern and Middle districts and occasional 
in the Pine Barrens. 

It has become so much of a weed that its true distribution can- 
not now be determined. 

F].—Late May to late June. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Beverly, Burlington, Red Bank, Sewell (S), 
Pitman, Swedesboro. ; 
Pine Barrens —Landisville (T), Mays Landing (NB), introduced, probably, 
Coast Strip—Cedar Bonnet (L). 
ALSINE L. 
Alsine uliginosa (Murr.). Marsh Chickweed. : 
Stellaria uliginosa Murray, Prodr. Goett. 55. 1770 [Vicin. Goettengen].— 
Britton 63. 

In springs and small brooks at several stations in the northern 
counties and rarely southward, entering our area along the Dela- 
ware River. 

Fl._—Early May to early September. 


Middle District.—Delanco, Riverton (C), [Dr. Jos. Stokes, 1882]. 
Alsine longifolia (Muhl.). Long-leaved Chickweed. 


Stellaria longifolia Muhlenberg, in Willd. Enum. Hort. Ber. 479. 1800 
{Pennsylvania].—Britton 63. 
Common in swamps and meadows of the northern counties, 
and south locally in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. — 439 


Middle District—New Egypt, Delair, Pemberton (C), Medford (S), Lin- 
denwold (S), Atco (C), Pitman, Grenloch, Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. 


CERASTIUM L.* 
Cerastium arvense L. Field Chickweed. 
Cerastium arvense Linneus, Sp. Pl. 438. 1753 [Scania and So. Europe].— 
Britton 62. 

Frequent in rocky places in the northern counties and occa- 
sional on sandy banks in the upper part of the Middle district. 
It was also collected once at Cape May Court House, but it was 
probably introduced there. 

‘Fl.—Late April to early June. 


Middle District—Bordentown (C), Fancy Hill, Kaighns Pt., Camden, 
Gloucester, Westfield, Red Bank (C). 


SAGINA L. 
Sagina decumbens (Ell.). Decumbent Pearlwort. 


Spergula decumbens Elliott, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 523. 1817 [South Carolina]. 

Sagina decumbens Britton 65.—Keller and Brown 142. 

Spergula saginoides Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 214. 1818.—Nuttall Gen. I. 290. 1818. 

Sagina subulata var. Smithit Gray, Man. Ed. V. 95. 1867 [Somers Pt. N. J.]. 
—Willis 12. 

Sagina decumbens var. Smithii Britton 65.—Keller and Brown 142. 

Damp sandy places in the Coast strip, frequent; less common 
in the Middle district, also at one station in Passaic Co. 

The plant known as Sagina decumbens var. smithii seems to be 
nothing more than an apetalous form of this and not worthy of 
even varietal recognition, as similar apetalous forms occur in 
several other genera of the Caryophyllacee. It was originally 
discovered at Somers Point, N. J., by Mr. Charles E. Smith, of 
Philadelphia, after whom it was named. 

Fl.—Late April to late June. 

Middle District.—Delair, Haddonfield, Westville (KB), Gloucester (NB), 
Game Creek, Salem Co. 


* Cerastium nutans Rafinesque, Préc. Découv. 36. 1814 [Pennsylvania].— 
Knieskern 9.—Britton 63. 

Frequent in woods of the northern counties, but very rare within our 
limits, if it occurs at all. Knieskern stated that it occurred in Monmouth 
County and in Britton’s Catalogue, it is reported from Camden on authority 
of Miss C. A. Boice. I have seen no specimens from our region. 


440 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Coast Strip-—Deal, Pt. Pleasant, Surf City (L), Beach Haven (L), Spray 
Beach (L), Atlantic City, Somers Pt., Mays Landing (NB), Wildwood, Cape 
May (S), Avalon, Pleasant Mills, Stone Harbor.* 

Pine Barrens?—Egg Harbor City (H). 


Sagina procumbens L. Procumbent Pearlwort. 
Sagina procumbens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 128. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 65.— 
Keller and Brown 142. 
Occasional in the northern counties and on the upper Coast 
strip. Also as an introduced weed in city streets. 
Fl._—Early May to late June. 


Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Deal, Beach Haven Terrace (L). 


ARENARIA L. 


Arenaria caroliniana Walt. Pine Barren Sandwort. 
Pl. LVIIL., Fig. 1. 
Arenaria caroliniana Walter, Fl. Car. 141. 1788 [South Carolina]—Britton 
64.—Keller and Brown 142. 
Arenaria squarrosa Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. I. 318. 1814.—Willis 12. 
Alsine squarrosa, Knieskern 9. 

Frequent in white sand in the Pine Barrens, but not found else- 
where in the State nor anywhere farther north, except on Staten 
or Long Islands. 

This little plant, the “Longroot” of the natives, is characteristic 
of the barest patches of white sand, of which, except for a few 
grasses, it is often the sole occupant. At other times it is asso- 
ciated with Linaria canadensis and Chysopsis falcata and species 
of Lechea. The little awl-shaped leaves form dense tufted 
rosettes, resembling some species of moss, and from these the 
slender branching flower stalks stand up to a height of two or 
three inches. The white flowers, with their greenish centers, are 
very delicate and attractive, but difficult to distinguish against 
the white sand. The stalks are somewhat glandular and sand 
grains and the ever-present mosquitoes are sometimes found ad- 
hering to them. 

Fl.—Early June to late July, and occasionally through the 
summer. 


* Also reported in Keller and Brown’s list from Hammonton, but I have 
been unable to verify the record. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 441 


Pine Barrens—Toms River, Browns Mills, Hanover, Brindletown, Double 
Trouble, Jones Mill (S), Speedwell, White Horse (S), Atsion, Ballenger’s 
Mills, Taunton, Quaker Bridge, Head of Batsto (S), Pleasant Mills, Batsto, 
Williamstown Jnc., Winslow, Inskip, Folsom, Mays Landing. 


MOEHRINGIA L. 
Moehringia lateriflora (L.). Blunt-leaved Sandwort. 
Arenaria laterifora Linneus, Sp. Pl. 423. 1753 [Siberia] —Britton 64. 
Moehringia laterifora Keller and Brown 142. 

In low woods and meadows; occasional in the northern coun- 
ties and along the Coastal strip, also rarely in the ‘Middle district. 
First detected within our limits by Mr. C. F. Parker in the woods 
below Atlantic City. 

Fl.—Late (May to late June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Lindenwold. 
Coass Strip.—Atlantic City, Longport (S$), Anglesea. 


AMMODENIA J. G. Gmelin. 
Ammodenia peploides maritima Raf. Sea-beach Sandwort.. 
PL. V., Fig. 1. Pl. LV., Fig. 2. 


Adenarium maritimum Rafinesque, New Flora Pt. I. 62. 1836 [New Eng- 
land to New Jersey]. 

Arenaria peploides.—Willis 12.—Britton 64. 

Honkenya peploides—kKnieskern 9. 

Ammodenia peploides Keller and Brown 143. 


Sea beaches above high tide all along the coast. Apparently 
much less common than formerly, and extinct in the vicinity of 
many of the most populous resorts. The large tufts or cushions, 
and the sand which they collect, form conspicuous objects along 
the beach. Prof. Fernald has shown that our plant is different 
from the more northern form, but if we recognize the genus 
Ammodenia as separable from Arenaria, which he does not do, 
we must use Rafinesque’s name, maritima, for the southern form. 

Fl.—Early May to early June. 

Maritime.—Sandy Hook, Asbury Park, Deal, Mantoloking (McK), Pt. 


Pleasant, Manasquan, Barnegat City (L), Tucker’s (L), Spray Beach (L), 
St. Albans (L), Ship Bottom (L), Atlantic City, Ocean City, Stone Harbor, 


Anglesea, Cape May (S). 


442 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


TISSA Adanson. 
Tissa marina (L.). Salt Marsh Sand Spurry. 


Arenaria rubra var. marina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 423. 1753 [Shores of the ocean]. 
Spergularia rubra var. marina Knieskern 9.—Willis 13. 
Tissa marina Britton 65.—Keller and Brown 143. 

Sandy spots in the salt. marshes of the coast; frequent. 

Prof. Fernald and Mr. K. M. Wiegand propose to reject 
Linnaeus’ name marina as non-identifiable and to substitute 
leiosperma. Every effort, however, should be made to fix the 
older name, admittedly composite, to one of its components, in 
preference to rejecting it. (cf. Rhodora, 1910, p. 157.) 

F].—Early June into September. Fr.—Late June into autumn. 

Maritime.—Sandy Hook, Sea Girt, Long Branch, St. Albans (L), Brig- 


antine, Atlantic City, Ocean City, Sea Isle City, Anglesea, Holly Beach, Cold 
Spring, Cape May. 


ANYCHIA Michaux. 
Anychia canadensis (L.). Slender Forked Chickweed. 
Anychia canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 90. 1753 [Canada and Virginia].— 
Britton 204.—Keller and Brown 143. 
Frequent in open woods in the northern counties, and less 
common southward in the Middle district. 
F].—Mid-June into September. 
Middle District—Pemberton Jnc., Medford (S), Oaklyn (S), Red Bank, 


Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens?—Mays Landing (NB). 


Anychia polygonoides Raf. Forked Chickweed. 


Anychia polygonoides Rafinesque, Atl. Jour. 1832. 16 [Alleghany Mts.]. 
Anychia dichotoma Knieskern 9.—Britton 204.—Keller and Brown 143. 
Frequent in the northern counties in shady localities, rare in 
our region, but occurs both in the Pine Barrens and Middle 
district. 
Fil.—Late June into October. 


Middle District Marlboro (NB). 
Pine Barrens—Ancora, Waterford. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 443 


Order RANALES. 
Family NYMPHAACEA. Water-Lilies. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves peltate. 
b. Flowers purple, 10-16 mm. in diameter, sepals and petals three. 
Brasenia purpurea, p. 443 
bb. Flowers yellow, 120-250 mm. in diameter, sepals 4-5, petals numerous. 


Nelumbo lutea, p. 446 
aa. Leaves orbicular to oblong. 


b. Flowers white or tinged with pink, stamens yellow. 


Castalia odorata, p. 445 
bb. Flowers yellow. 


c. Leaves smaller, floating, sinus closed, petiole flattened. 
Nymphaea variegata, p. 444 
cc. Leaves larger, erect, sinus open, petiole nearly terete. 
Nymphaea advena, p. 444 


BRASENIA Schreber. 
Brasenia purpurea (Michx.). Water Shield. 


Hydropeltis purpurea Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 324, pl. 29. 1803 [Lower 
Carolina and Tennessee]. 

Brasenia peltata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 389. 1814 [New Jersey to Caro- 
lina].—Knieskern 6.—Willis 5.—Britton 43. 

Rather frequent in lakes and ponds of the northern counties 
and in ponds and dammed streams in the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May district; apparently rare in the Middle district. 

A very characteristic species of the old milldams in the Pine 
Barrens, though its smaller peltate leaves and little maroon 
colored flowers are not nearly so conspicuous as the showy 
blooms and large leaves of the true Water Lilies. The petioles 
and buds are encased in a thick coating of jelly-like mucilage. 

Fl.—Early June to early August. Fr—Early July to early 
September, probably. 

Middle District—Delanco (S), Shark River (Kn), Meteticunk River 
(NY), Barrsville (Kn), Spring Garden (Willis). 
Pine Barrens—Toms River, Forked River, Jackson, Atco, Atsion, Pan- 


coast, Hammonton (Bassett.). 
Cape May—Nummeytown (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


444 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


NYMPHAEA L. 
Nymphzea advena Soland. Upright Spatter-dock. 


Nymphea advena Solander, in Ait. Hort. Kew. II. 226. 1789 [North 
America].—Knieskern 6.—Britton 44.—Keller and Brown 144. 
Nuphar advena Barton Fl. Phila. II. 10. 1818. 


Common along the lower Delaware River and adjacent ditches 
and tidewater streams of West Jersey. 

This is the large-leaved erect Spatterdock so common along 
the Delaware meadows, where it grows in association with 
Sagittaria latifolia, Peltandra virginica, Zizania, etc. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-September. 


Middle District—Riverside, Pensauken, Washington Park, Haddon- 
field (S). 


Nymphzea variegata Engelm. Floating Spatter-dock.* 


Nymphea variegata Engelmann, Gray’s Man. Ed. V., p. 57. 1867 [Probably 
Michigan].—Keller and Brown 145. 
Nymphea microphylla Britton 44 (in part). 


Ponds and slow streams in the northern counties and the Pine 
Barrens, apparently scarce in the Middle district. 

This is the Floating Spatterdock with smaller leaves and 
rounder lobes, and weaker petioles. 

It seems to. be the only species in the higher Alleghenies 
of Pennsylvania and reappears as a characteristic plant | 
of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Specimens from this 
region that have been referred to N. rubrodiscum are apparently 
all referable to this species, and so far as I can see those referred 
to N. microphylla Pers. fall into the same category. Specimens 
from Pensauken Creek have thin submerged leaves and small 
flowers, but they are connected with N. variegata by a full series 
of intermediates. Whatever true N. microphylla may be I can 
see no more difference in the extremes of these floating Spatter- 
docks in southern New Jersey than exists in the White Water 
Lilies. 

Fl.—Probably similar to the last. 


*Cf. G. S. Miller, Jr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 1902, pp. 11-13. 


fl 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 44s 


Middle District—Pensauken (S), Burlington. 


Pine Barrens.—Farmingdale (S), Allaire (S), Forked River, Ballinger’s 


Mill, Sicklerville, Clementon, Folsom, Hammonton, Batsto, Mays Landing, 
Dennisville. 


CASTALIA Salisbury. 
Castalia odorata (Dryand). Water Lily. 


Pl. LIX. 


Nymphea odorata Dryand, in Ait. Hort. Kew IL. 227. 1789 [North 
America].—Barton Fl. Phila. I. 12. 1818—Knieskern 6. 

Castalia odorata Britton 43.—Keller and Brown 145. 

Nymphea odorata var. minor Willis 5. 

Castalia odorata var. minor and forma rosea Britton 43. 

Castalia odorata rosea Keller and Brown 145. 


Common throughout the State in ponds and dams. Especially 
plentiful in the Pine Barrens, where the majority of the plants 
have smaller leaves and often smaller flowers representing the 
so-called variety minor. Sometimes the pink color, which is 
usually apparent on the back of the petals, suffuses the whole 
flower to a greater or less degree, and this represents the form 
rosea, which is recognized by some authors. Fine examples of 
these pink flowers were observed by I. H. Hall, July 4, 1865, 
near Atsion,* and the late Mr. Albrecht Jahn collected some at 
Hanover, Burlington Co., which are in the herbarium of the 
Philadelphia Academy. The original water lily that formed the 
basis of Diryand’s description was received from Mr. William 
Hamilton of the “Woodlands,” Philadelphia, and quite likely 
came from the New Jersey side of the Delaware, as the plant 
was always more common there than on the Pennsylvania side. 

Fi.—Early June to late September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Florence, Burlington, Delanco, Paulsboro, 
Mickleton, Swedesboro, Centerton (S), Woodstown (C). 

Pine Barrens—Asbury Park, Allaire, Toms River (S), Forked River, Man- 
chester,, Hanover (C), Bamber, Dover Forge, Island Heights, Speedwell, 
Cedar Brook, Winslow (S), Folsom, Pancoast, Hammonton, Pleasant Mills 


(NB), Mays Landing (T). 
Cape May—Nummeytown, Cold Spring, Cape May (NB). 


*cf. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, IV. 8: 1873. 


446 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


NELUMBO Adanson. 
Nelumbo lutea (Willd.). American Lotus. 


Nelumbium luteum Willdenow, Sp. Pl. II. 1259. 1799 [Virginia, Carolina and 
Florida] — Willis 5.—Britton 43.—Keller and Brown 145. 


Very local, but abundant where found, i. e., at Swartsword 
Lake, Sussex Co., and in pounds at Woodstown and Sharptown, 
Salem Co.* 

Fl.—Late July to late August or into September. 

Middle District—Woodstown, Sharpstown. 


Family CERATOPHYLLACEA®. Hornwort. 
CERATOPHYLLUM L. 
Ceratophyllum demersum L. Hornwort. 


Ceratophyllum demersum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 992. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 228. 
—Keller and Brown 145. 


Ponds and slow streams in the Middle and Cape May districts, 
and at several stations north of our limits, but apparently all in 
the Coastal plain. 

Mr. Bayard Long tells me that he thinks our local material 
represents two forms, probably C. demersum and C. echinatum, 
but that the character of foliage and spines on the fruit do not 
seem sufficiently constant to warrant recognition. 

Fr.—August 12, 1910, Cape May, mature. 


Middle District—Fish House, Cooper’s Creek, Camden (P), Repaupo (H), 
Mickleton (H), Swedesboro, Mullica Hill (H). 
Cape May—Bayside (OHB), Cape May. ‘ 


Family MAGNOLIACEA. Magnolias. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers white. Leaves entire. Magnolia virginiana, p. 446 
aa. Flowers green and orange. Leaves truncate, lobed. 

Liriodendron tulipifera, p. 448 

MAGNOLIA L. 
Magnolia virginiana L. Sweet Bay, Swamp Magnolia. 
Pl. LX. 
Magnolia virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 535. 1753 [Virginia and Carolina] — 
Keller and Brown 146. 

Magnolia glauca Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 327. 1803—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 


II. 380. 1814.—Barton Fl. Phila. II. 18. 1818—Knieskern 6.—Willis 4. 
—Britton qr. 


*cf. Heritage Bull. Torr, Bot. Club, XXII, pp. 266-271, for a study of the 
plant at Sharptown. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 447 


Common in swampy thickets throughout-our region and at a 
number of stations north of our limits, but south of the fall line. 

This is a characteristic tree of the coastal plain most abundant 
and uniformly distributed in the Pine Barrens, but frequent in 
the other districts also. Unlike most of the cultivated magnolias, 
it is a late bloomer, the flowers appearing in June when the 
leaves are fully developed. At that season the atmosphere of 
the Pine Barren swamps is heavy with the perfume of the Mag- 
nolia, and we recognize its presence long before we detect the 
creamy cup-shaped flowers nestling among the shining green 
leaves. Ajs the wind stirs the foliage, the glaucous under sur- 
faces are turned up and show conspicuously against the general 
green tone of the swamp vegetation, and later on the bright red 
seeds bursting forth from the cone-like receptacle, or hanging 
from it by slender threads, make the Magnolia equally con- 
spicuous. 

Unfortunately Magnolia flowers have a market value, and the 
curbstone flower-venders of Philadelphia ruthlessly strip therm 
from the trees, often breaking the latter to such an extent as to 
permanently ruin them. To become saleable it seems that the 
leaves must be plucked off and the flowers tied closely together 
in a compact mass, some of the leaves being then fastened around 
the outside in a sort of a halo, this “artistic” arrangement prov- 
ing more satisfactory to both buyer and seller than that which 
nature found desirable. A similar arrangement is seen in the 
bunches of Arbutus offered for sale earlier in the season, some 
of which are further embellished with a head of Helonias as a 
centerpiece. * 

Fl.—Late May to early July. Fr—Early August into Oc- 


tober. 

Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale, Bordentown, Medford (S), 
Washington Park, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Allaire, Forked River, Browns Mills, Bamber, Speedwell, 
Bear Swamp (S), Clementon, Penbryn (S), Albion, Williamstown, Cedar 
Brook, Andrews, Landisville, Hammonton, Egg Harbor. 


*Mr. Samuel N. Rhoads informs me that some years ago he found two 
trees of Magnolia tripetala about eight feet in height, one in thick woods 
north of Orchard Sta., the other near Audubon. Mr. Bayard Long found 
another near Bordentown in 1910. If these trees are native, as seems proba- 
” ble, they furnish another instance of a southern species, common to the Sus- 
quehanna and Delaware valleys. 


448 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Beesley’s Pt. (S), Palermo (S), Piermont 
(S), Anglesea (UP). 
Cape May.—Court House. 
LIRIODENDRON L, 
Liriodendron tulipifera L. Tulip-tree. Tulip Poplar. 


Pl. LX, Fig. 1. 
Liriodendron tulipifera Linneus, Sp. Pl. 535. 1753 [North America].— 
Knieskern 6.—Willis 4.—Britton 41. 


A common tree in rich woodland of the Northern and Middle 
districts and occasional in the Cape May peninsula and Coast 
strip. 

The term “poplar,” for this tree is one of those unfortunate 
misnomers which it seems impossible to dispose of. It, of course, 
has nothing to do with the true Poplars. (Populus, p. 391.) 

Fi.—lLate May to early June. Fr.—Early September, through 
autumn. The axes of the cones, often with numerous carpels 
attached, commonly persist over winter. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Medford (S), Haddonfield, 
Lawnside (5), Glassboro, Sewell (S), Sicklerville (S), Albion. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Barnegat. 

Cape May—Goshen (S), Sluice Creek (S), Court House, Cold Spring. 


Family ANNONACEAL. Pawpaws. 
ASIMINA Adanson. 
Asimina triloba (L.). Papaw. 


Annona triloba Linneus, Sp. Pl. 537. 1753 [Carolina]. 
Asimina triloba Britton 41—Keller and Brown 146. 


A southern species, apparently very rare in the State. The 
only records are those given in Britton’s Catalogue: “Abundant 
along Crosswicks Creek, Mercer Co. (C. C. Abbott); Ridge’s 
Island, Delaware River, Hunterdon Co. (Best) ; Thompsontown, 
near Mays Landing, Atlantic Co. (Bassett).” 

I have been unable to find any specimens from the State or to 
see the tree growing. 


* 


Family RANUNCULACE. Buttercups, etc. 
Key to the Species. 
a, Fruit consisting of heads of dry follicles. 
b. Leaves reniform, basal, flowers of yellow, petal-like sepals. 
Caltha palustris, p. 450 
bb. Leaves large, ternately compound; flowers white in a slender, erect 
raceme. Cimicifuga racemosa, p. 451 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 449 


bbb. Leaves ternately compound, flowers red and yellow pendant, with 

long spurs. Aquilegia canadensis, p. 452 

aa. Fruit consisting of berries, leaves ternately compound, flowers white, in 
an erect raceme. 

b. Berries white, pedicels red. Actea alba, p. 451 

bb. Berries red. Actea rubra, p. 451 
aaa, Fruit consisting of cluster of achenes. 

b. Stem-leaves forming an involucre below the calyx: as the sepals are 
blue or white, they could easily be taken for petals (which are lack- 
ing) and the green bracts for sepals. 

c. Involucre remote from the white flower (tinged with pink or 
green externally). 
d. Achenes densely wooly, flowers white, pli nt 6-10 dm. high. 
1. virginiana, p. 452 
dd. Achenes pubescent or nearly glabrous. 
e. Plant 3-6 dm. high, involucral leaves sessile. 
4. canadensis, p. 452 
ee. Plant 1-2 dm. high, involucral leaves, lobed, petioled. 
A, quinquefolia, p. 453 
cc. Involucre of three simple leaves close to the flower. 
Hepatica hepatica, p. 453 
ccc. Involucre of three compound sessile leaves. 
- Syndesmon thalictroides, p. 454 
bb. No involucral leaves. 
c. Leaves opposite, plant a climbing vine, flowers white, sepals petal- 
like, petals wanting. Clematis virginiana, p. 454 
cc. Leaves alternate or basal, not climbing vines. 
d. Petals present. 
e. Achenes compressed, flowers yellow. 
f. Aquatic plant with finely divided floating leaves. 
R. delphinifolius, p. 454 
ff. Plants of swamps or muddy shores, leaves entire 
or denticulate. 
g. Plant low, 1.5-3 dm. high, petals barely exceed- 
ing the sepals, stamens 1-10. R. pusillus, Pp. 455 
gg. Plant taller, 3-10 dm. high, petals longer than 
sepals, stamens numerous. 
R. obtusiusculus, p. 455 
fff. Leaves, some or all, lobed or divided, terrestrial 
species or growing upright in shallow water. 
g. Some of the basal leaves merely crenate. 
R. abortivus, p. 455 
gg. Leaves all lobed or divided. 
h. Flowers small, pale, less than 12 mm. broad, 
petals rarely exceeding the sepals. 
4. Plant glabrous. R. sceleratus, p. 456 
ii. Plants hirsute. 
j. Head of fruit globose, beak of achene 
29 MUS hooked. R. recurvatus, 9. 456 


4s0 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


jj. Head of fruit elongate, beak of achene 
straight. R. pennsylvanicus, p. 456 
hh. Flowers large and showy, 15-30 mm. broad. 
i. Beak of achene short, plants of fields, 
roadsides and waste ground. 
j. Root fibrous, calyx spreading. 
[R. acris]* 
jj. Stem bulbous at base, calyx reflexed. 
[R. bulbosus]t 
it. Beak of achene long, plants of woods or 
swamps. 
j. Beak stout, later branches prostrate, 
rooting at the nodes, shaded damp 


ground. R. septentrionalis, p. 456 
jj. Beak slender, plants upright, in wood- 
lands. R. hispidus, p. 457 


ee. Achenes transversely wrinkled, flowers white, plants float- 
ing in water, leaves finely divided. 
Batrachium trichophyllum, p. 457 
eee. Achenes compressed and longitudinally ribbed, plants low, 
glabrous (4-20 cm.) spreading by runners, flowers small 
yellow. Oxygraphis cymbalaria, p. 457 
dd. Petals none, flowers forming large, feathery, open panicles, 
greenish or white. 
e. Filaments of the stamens club-shaped, plant not glandular. 


ee. Filaments capillary. T. polygamum, p. 458 
f. Plants low, 3-6 dm, flowers dioecious greenish, leaves 
thin. T. dioicum, p. 458 


ff. Plants tall, 10-20 dm., flowers polygamous, white, 
leaves thick and glandular or waxy. 
T. revolutum, p. 458 
CALTHA L. 


Caltha palustris L. Marsh Marigold. 


Caltha palustris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 558. 1753 [Europe].—Barton, Fl. Phila. IT. 
216. 1818.— Willis 3.—Britton 38.—Keller and Brown 147. 


Common in swamps in the northern counties and less abundant 
locally southward in the Middle district. 


Fl.—Early April to early May. Fr.—Late May to late June. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Keyport, Perrineville (C), Farmingdale, 
New Egypt, Bordentown (C), Pensauken, Medford (S), Cooper’s Creek, 
Camden (Bassett), Kaighns Pt., Lindenwold, Mantua, Mickleton, Manning- 
ton (C), Swedesboro. 


* Tall Buttereup. The common roadside species in the northern part of 
the State, not common in our region. 

+ Bulbous Buttercup. The common Buttercup of fields and meadows, an 
abundant weed. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 451 


ACTAA L, 
Actzea rubra (Ait.). Red Baneberry. 


Actea spicata var, rubra Aiton, Hort. Kew. II. ar. 1789 [North America]. 
—Britton 40.— Willis 3. 
Actea rubra Keller and Brown 148. 

Occasional in woods of the northern counties, its occurrence 
within our limits resting entirely upon two records published 
in Britton’s Catalogue for Keyport and Cream Ridge, Monmouth 
County. 


Actzea alba (L.). White Baneberry. 


Actea spicata var. alba Linneus, Sp. Pl. 504. 1753 [America]. 
Actea alba Britton 4o. 

Frequent in woods of the northern counties, but rare within 
our limits and confined to the Middle district. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June. Fr.—Late July into September. 


Miiddle District—New Egypt, Two miles west Mullica Hill (NB) [=5 
mi. §. Mickleton in A. N. S.], Blackwood, Clarksboro (C), Swedesboro. 


CIMICIFUGA L. 
Cimicifuga racemosa (L.). Black Snakeroot. 
Actea racemosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 504. 1753 [Florida, Virginia and Canada]. 


Frequent in rich woods of the Northern district, but rare 
within our limits and confined to the Middle district, except 
one station on the Cape May peninsula. 

This is one of the familiar species in Pennsylvania just beyond 
the fall line, and in New Jersey just north of our boundary, but 
it is almost unknown within our limits. Martindale’s statement, 
quoted by Britton, that it is “frequent in Camden County” is 
surrely incorrect. If it occurs at all, it is very rare. There is no 
specimen in his herbarium. In view of its great rarity, its occur- 
rence in the lower Cape May peninsula, along with other species 
of similar distribution, is particularly interesting. 

F].—Late June to mid-July. F'r.—September into October. 


Middle District—Bordentown (C), Camden Co. (C), Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


452 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


AQUILEGIA L. 
Aquilegia canadensis L. Wild Columbine. 
Pl. LXIL, Fig. 2. 
Aquilegia canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 533. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. — 
Knieskern 6.—Willis 4.—Britton 39. 
Aquilegia canadensis forma flaviflora Britton 39. 

Frequent on rocky banks throughout the northern counties 
and southward locally through the Middle and Coast districts 
to the Cape May peninsula. 

The Columbine in our region, failing to find its accustomed 
rocky banks, often grows out in flat sandy ground, especially 
on the coast islands, and becomes a larger, much more robust 
plant, sometimes three feet in height; quite different in appear- 
ance from the delicate plant of the northern counties. 

iAt Sea Bright (Britton) and Cold Spring (O.H.B.) a form 
with pure yellow flowers occurs. 

Fl.—tLate April.to early June. F’r—Early June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Freehold (C), Keyport (C), Sea Bright (NB), Squan 
(Kn), Pemberton (NB), Birmingham, Vincentown (C), Bordentown, Med- 
ford (S), Little Timber Creek (CP), Mantua, Bridgeport (C), Raccoon 
Creek (H), Swedesboro, Courses Landing. 

Coast Strip—Atlantic City (P), Stone Harbor, Five-Mile Beach, Cold 
Spring. 

ANEMONE L. 
Anemone virginiana L. Tall Anemone. 
Anemone virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 540. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern, §— 
Willis 1—Britton 33. 

Commion in open woods of the northern counties; rare and 
local southward in the Middle district, recurring in the southern 
part of the Cape May peninsula. 

Fl.—Early June to early August. Fr—Late. July to early 
September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Middletown (Kn), Pemberton Jnc. (S), 


Camden Co. (P), Mickleton, Mullica Hill (P). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Bennett (S). 


Anemone canadensis L. Canada Anemone. 


Anemone canadensis Linneus, Syst. Nat. Ed. XIII. 3, App. 231. 1768 [Penn- 
sylvania].—Keller and Brown 149. 
Anemone dichotoma Britton 34. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 453 


Very rare and local. Known from several stations north of 
our limits and from Red Bank, Gloucester County, where it 
was collected by Charles F. Parker. Mr. Parker’s specimens at 
Princeton and New Brunswick have been examined. 

Middle District—Red Bank (NB and P). 


Anemone quinquefolia L. Wind Flower, Wood Anemone. 
Anemone quinquefolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 541. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Anemone nemorosa Knieskern 5.—Britton 34. 

Common in woods of the northern counties and not infre- 
quent in the Middle district and along the Coast strip, though 
rather local; recurs in the lower part of the Cape May penin- 
sula. 

One feature in the flora of southern New Jersey which is 
particularly noticeable to one who is familiar with the country 
above the fall line is the almost total absence of the familiar 
spring flowers. When our upland woods are gay with Hepa- 
ticas, Bloodroots, Rue Anemones, Wood Anemones, Erythroni-- 
ums and Spring Beauties, we find only one species—the Wood 
Anemone—at all generally distributed on the coastal plain, 
and it is not abundant, and practically absent from the Pine Bar- 
rens. The others rarely enter the region and are everywhere 
tare, and are mainly restricted to the vicinity of the Delaware 
River in Burlington County. 

Fl.—Early April to mid-May. Fr—Early May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale, New Egypt, Merchantville, 
Camden (P), Bordentown, Kinkora, Medford, Edge of Bear Swamp (S), 
Chairville, Browns Mills, Mantua, Sewell (S), Gloucester, Glassboro, Mickle- 
ton, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Quinton, Bridgeton. 

Pine Barrens?—Landisville, Hammonton (Bassett) [both probably from 
edge of region]. 

Coasi Strip —Staffordsville (S), Palermo. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


HEPATICA Scopoli. 
Hepatica hepatica (L.). Liverwort. 
Anemone Hepatica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 538. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 34. 
Common in woods of the northern counties; rare and local 
southward in the upper Middle district, many of the records 


being single plants or small colonies. 
Fl.—Late March to late April. Fr.—Early May to early June. 


454 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District —Pt. Pleasant (C), New Egypt, Bordentown, Birmingham, 
Pemberton (NB), Pensauken (S), Haddonfield (C), Woodbury (C), Little 
Timber Creek (P), five mi. S. Mickleton, Mannington. 


SYNDESMON Hoffmansegg. 
Syndesmon thalictroides (L.). Rue Anemone. 


Anemone Thalictroides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 542. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Thalictrum anemonoides Knieskern 5. 
Anemonella thalictroides Britton 34. 


Common in woods of the northern counties, becoming scarce 
and local southward in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Mid-April to mid-May. Fr—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Kinkora, Camden (CP), Moorestown (C), 
Gloucester, Sewell (S), Swedesboro, Quinton, Marlboro (C), Bridgeton (NB). 
Also a record for “Mays Landing, Dr. Peters,” quoted in Britton’s catalogue, 
probably from the edge of the river below the dam in the inward extension ot 
the coast strip. Several other Middle District plants occur here which are not 


known on the coast strip proper, and are completely cut off from their range 
to the west by the Pine Barrens (c. f. Pinus virginiana). 


CLEMATIS L.* 
Clematis virginiana L. Virgin’s Bower, 
Clematis virginiana Linneus, Amoen. Acad. IV. 275. 1759 [Pennsylvania]. 
—Knieskern 5. Britton 33. 

Thickets along streams; common in the northern counties and 
less commonly southward in the Middle district to Cape May. 

Fl.—Late July to late August. Fr—Early September to early 
October. P 

Middle District—Shark River (Kn), Squan (Kn), Pt. Pleasant (S), New 
Egypt, Birmingham, Pemberton (C), Cookstown (C), Wrightstown (C), 
Medford .(S), Camden (P), Mantua, Mullica Hill (C), Mickleton (NY), 
Washington Park, Kirkwood. (C), Swedesboro, Salem (C). 

Cape May.—New England (OHB). 

RANUNCULUS L. 
Ranunculus delphinifolius Torr. Yellow Water Crowfoot. 


Ranunculus delphinifolius Torrey, in Eaton’s Man. Ed. II. 395. 1818 [Upper. 
Louisiana].—Keller and Brown 151. 
Ranunculus multifidus Britton 36. 


* Atragene is reported in Keller and Brown’s list from “Pt. Pleasant,” on 
authority of Dr. J. Stokes. Dr. Stokes, however, informs me that Pt. 
Pleasant, Pa., was intended, the plant growing on the New Jersey side of the 
Delaware. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 455 


Lakes or ponds at several stations in the northern counties, 
and reported from Freehold, Monmouth County, by Rev. Samuel 
Lockwood in Britton’s Catalogue. 


Ranunculus pusillus Poir. Low Crowfoot. 


Ranunculus pusillus Poir, in Lam. Encycl. VI. 99. 1804 [Carolina].—Britton 
36.—Keller and Brown Is1. 

Moist ground, rare. Several stations north of our limits, 

mostly in the Middle district, and several others in West Jersey. 


Middle District—Moorestown (NB), Taunton (C), Camden (P). 


‘Ranunculus obtusiusculus Raf. Water-plantain Crowfoot. 


Ranunculus obtusiusculus Rafinesque, Med. Rep. II. 5. 359. 1808 [New 
Jersey].—Keller and Brown 151. 
Ranunculus ambiguus Britton 36. 

Muddy banks of streams, etc. ; at several stations in the north- 
ern counties and along the Delaware River from Trenton to 
Salem County. Mainly on the coastal plain. 

Fl.—Late June to late July. Fr—Early July to mid-August. 

Middle District—Florence (S), Camden, Washington Park (KB), West- 


Ville, Berkeley (NB), Repaupo (KB), Mantua Creek (KB), Gloucester 
(KB), Mickleton, Swedesboro. | 


Ranunculus abortivus L. Kidney-leaved Crowfoot. 


Z Pl. LXIL, Fig. 1. 
Ranunculus abortivus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 551. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Knieskern 5.—Britton 36. 

Common in woods of the Northern and upper Middle districts ; 
less abundant southward. 

‘The crowfoots are not characteristic plants of the coastat 
plain and are mainly confined to the northern and western parts 
of the Middle district. ‘The present species, R. recurvatus and 
R. hispidus are the most generally cistributed. 

FI.—Mid-April to late May. Fr.—Early May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Delaire, 
Delanco, Pensauken (S$), Medford (S), Haddonfield, Camden (Bassett), 


Washington Park, Westville, Woodbury, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Marlboro 
(C), Riddleton, Quinton, Alloway. 


456 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Ranunculus sceleratus L. Celery Crowfoot. 
Ranunculus sceleratus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 551. 1753 [Europe].—Knieskern 5, 
—Britton 37. 

Ditches and muddy banks of streams and marshes. Reported 
from Essex and Bergen Counties, and frequent in West Jersey 
and on the coastal strip to Cape May. ‘Tends to become a weed. 

Fl—Mid-April to late June. Fr—Early May to mid-July. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton (NB), Medford (S), Washing- 
ton Park, Mickleton. 


Coast Strip.—Beach Haven Terrace (L), Piermont (S$), Five-Mile Beach, 
Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May. 


Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. Wood Crowfoot. 
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. VI. 125. 1804 [Environs of 
New York].—Knieskern 5.—Britton 37. 
Common in moist woods of the northern counties; less abund- 
ant southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—t,ate April to early June. Fr.—Early May to mid-June. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Kinkora, 


Medford (S), Lindenwold, Sewell (S), Mullica Hill (NB), Mickleton, 
Swedesboro, Marlboro (NB), Elsinboro (C), Bridgeton (S). 


Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f. Bristly Buttercup. 
Ranunculus pennsylvanicus Linneus, f. Suppl. 272. 1781 [Pennsylvania]. — 
Willis 3.—Britton 37——Keller and Brown 152. 

Frequent in the swamps of the northern counties; rare south- 
ward, especially within our limits, where it occurs only in the 
upper Middle and Coast districts; possibly introduced, at some 
stations at least. 

Fl——Late June to early August. Fr.—Mid-July to late 
August. 

Middle District—Freehold (C), Long Branch, Pemberton, Camden (NB), 


Repaupo (NB). 
Coast Strip—Spray Beach (L). 


Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. Swamp Buttercup. 
Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. in Lam. Encycl. VI. 125. 1804 {North 
America].—Britton 37. 
Swamps, borders of streams, etc. Common in the northern 
counties and frequent or occasional southward in the Middle and 
Cape ‘May districts. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 457 


Fl.—Early May to early June. Fr.—Mid-May to late June. 


Middle District—Beverly, Delaire, Fish House, Camden, Kaighns Pt. 


Westville, Washington Park, Center Square, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Han- 
cock’s Bridge (S). : 
Cape May,—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Ranunculus hispidus Michx. Hispid Buttercup. 
Ranunculus hispidus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 321. 1803 [Lower Carolina]. 
Ranunculus fascicularis Knieskern 6.—Willis 3.—Britton 37. 
Woodlands of the Northern and Upper Middle districts; rather 
frequent, also rare in the lower Cape Miay peninsula. 
Fl.—Late April to late May. Fr—Early May to mid-June. 
Middle District—Freehold (Kn), Sea Bright (NB), Squan (Kn), New 
Egypt, Hightstown (C), Merchantville (C), Medford (S), Taunton (C), 


Mullica Hill (H), Mickleton. 
Cape May—Cold Spring. 


BATRACHIUM S, F. Gray. 
Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix.). White Water Crowfoot. 


Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix in Vill. Hist. Pl. Dauph. I. 335. 1786 
[Valgandemar, France]. 

Ranunculus fluviatalis Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 26. 1818. 
Ranunculus aquatilis var. trichophyllus Britton 35. 
Batrachium trichophyllum. Keller and Brown 152. 
Ranunculus aquatilis var. divaricatus Knieskern 5.—Willis 2. 
Batrachium divaricatum Keller and Brown 152. 

Ponds and streams; not common. Occurs at a number of 
- stations north of limits and at several points southward in West 
Jersey. I think there is no question but that Knieskern’s record 
of divaricatus belongs to this species. 

Fl.—_tLate May to late August. 

Middle District—Camden, Repaupo (H), Medford (KB), Salem, Squan 
and Shark River (Kn). 

OXYGRAPHIS Bunge. 
Oxygraphis cymbalaria (Pursh.). Seaside Crowfoot. 
Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. I. 392. 1814 [Saline Marshes, 
Onondago Co., N. Y.]—Knieskern 5.—Willis 3—Britton 36. 

Oxygraphis cymbalaria Keller and Brown 153. 

Edges of the salt marshes from’ Shark River to Brigantine, 
rare and local. 


Coast Strip—Shark River (NB), Ocean Grove (C), Manasquan (C), Pt. 
Pleasant (S), Brielle (NY), Ortley (NY), Brigantine, Atlantic City (NB 
and P), Ventnor. 


458 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


THALICTRUM L. 


Thalictrum dioicum L. Early Meadow Rue. 
Thalictrum. dioicum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 545. 1753 [Canada].—Britton 35. 


Common in rocky woods of the northern counties; very rare 
within our limits and confined to the Middle district. 

Fl.—Late April to early May. Fr—Early May to mid-May. 

Middle District—Pemberton (NB), Swedesboro. 


Thalictrum revolutum DC. Purplish Meadow Rue. 


Thalictrum revolutum Decandolle, Prodr. I. 12. 1824 [North America]. 
Thalictrum purpurascens Barton, II. 21. 1818.—Britton 35. 

Frequent or occasional in woods of the northern counties; 
very rare and local southward in the Middle and Cape May 
districts. 

Fl.—tLate May to early July. Fr.—tLate July to early Septem- 
ber. . 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant, Cooper’s Creek (C), Swedes- 

boro. 


Coast Strip—Mays Landing (NB). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. Tall Meadow Rue. 
Thalictrum polygamum Muhlenberg, Cat. 54. 1813 [Pa.].*—Britton 35. 
Thalictrum cornuti Knieskern 5.—Willis 2. 

Common in swamps and moist thickets of the Northern and 
Middle districts, also on the coast strip south to Cape May. . 

The Meadow Rue is one of the familiar swamp plants of mid- 
summer in North and West Jersey, and after crossing the Pine 
Barrens it is one of the old friends that we find again in those 
rich swamps, where the interior country meets the edge of the 
great salt meadows of the coast. 

The coast plant seems to be constantly shorter than the typical 
Pennsylvania form, with thicker leaves, but in time of flower 
and general structural characters they seem to be identical. 

Fl.—Late June to early August. Fr—Late August to early 
October. 


*Cf. Gray Am. Jour. Sci. Ser. 3, XXXI. 236. 1886. Strictly speaking, 
this name has no status from Muhlenberg’s catalogue, but.I follow others in 
retaining it for the present. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 459 


Middle District.—Farmingdale (S), New Egypt, Hartford, Riverside, 
Springdale (S), Washington Park, Swedesboro, Yorktown. 
Coast Strip—Toms River (S), Ct. House, Cape May, Cold Spring. 


Family BERBERIDACE!@. May Apple, etc. 
PODOPHYLLUM L. 
Podophyllum peltatum L. May Apple. 


Podophyllum peltatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 505. 1753 [N. America].—Willis 5. 
—Britton 42. 


Common in moist woods in the northern counties; rare and 
local southward in the Middle district and southern Cape May 
peninsula. 

Fil.—Late April to mid-May. Fr.—Mature during August, 
commonly after the foliage has perished. 

Middle District—Holmdel (C), Pt. Pleasant (C), Cream Ridge (Willis), 
New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Camden Co. (C), Gloucester (H), York- 


town, Swedesboro, Quinton, Elsinboro (C), Shilo (C). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Family MENISPERMACEZ. Moonseed. 
MENISPERMUM L. 
Menispermum canadense L. Canada Moonseed. 
Menispermum canadense Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 340. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
—Barton, FI. Phila. II. 199. 1818.—Britton 42. 
Common in moist woods and thickets in the northern counties 
and frequent in the Middle district and Cape May peninsula. 
Its fruit is conspicuous in September, bearing a striking resem- 
blance to chicken grapes. 
Fl.—Early June to early July. Fr—lLate August to late 
September. 


Middle District—Sandy Hook (NB), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Holmdel 
(C), Medford (S), Camden (O), Gloucester (P), Red Bank, Swedesboro, 
Woodstown (NB). 

Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


Family LAURACE. Sassafras. 


SASSAFRAS Nees and Ebermaier. 
Sassafras sassafras L. Sassafras. 


Laurus Sassafras Linneus Sp. Pl. 371. 1753 [Virginia, Carolina and Florida]. 
Sassafras officinale Knieskern 27.—Britton 213. 


460 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common in woods and thickets throughout the State. 

A characteristic tree of the Pine Barrens, occurring in a 
dwarfed condition, even on the “Plains.” 

Fl.—Mid-April to early May. Fr.—Late July to late August. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arney’s Mt. (S$), Merchant- 
ville, Medford, Springdale (S), Kaighns Pt., Woodbury, Salem (S), Bridge- 
ton (NB), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—W. Plains (S), Bear Swamp (S), Landisville (T), Albion. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Barnegat, Cox’s, Surf City (L), Barnegat City 
Jnc. (L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (5), Piermont 
(S), Anglesea (UP). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


BENZOIN Fabricius. 
Benzoin zstivale (L.). Spicewood. 


Laurus estivale Linneus Sp. Pl. 369. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Benzoin odoriferum Knieskern 27. 
Lindera Benzoin Britton 213. 


Common in swamps throughout the State, except in the Pine 
Barrens, though it follows the edge of tide water streams for 
some distance inland. 

Fl.—tate March to late April. Fr.—Early September to early 
October, persisting into winter. 

Middle District—Shark River, Pt. Pleasant (S), New Egypt, Bordentown, 
Birmingham, Moorestown, Merchantville, Medford (S), Delair, Sicklerville, 
(S), Clementon (S$), Albion, Oaklyn, Washington Park, Glassboro, Swedes- 


‘boro, Quinton, Salem (S), Marlboro (NB), Yorktown, Landisville (Pine 
Barrens?). F 
Coast Strip—Waretown, Barnegat, Manahawkin, Coxe’s, Absecon (S), 
Mays Landing (C). 
Cape May.—Goshen, Ct. House, three mi. W. Court House (S), Sluice 
Creek (S). 


Order PAPAVERALES. 


Family PAPAVERACEA. Poppies, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Plants with a milky juice, flowers red. [Papaver dubium]* 
aa. Plants with a yellow or orange juice. 
b. Erect branching herbs with yellow flowers. [Chelidonium majus]f 


bb. Low; leaves and white flowers rising directly from the root. 
Sanguinaria canadensis, p. 461 
* Wild Poppy. A weed in field and waste places, not common in our range. 
{ Celandine. A frequent weed about houses and cultivated grounds in shady 
spots. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 461 


SANGUINARIA L. 
Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot. 
Pl. XLI., Fig. 2. 
Sanguinaria canadensis Linneus Sp. Pl. 505. 1753 [North America].—Knies-. 
kern 6.—Willis 6.—Britton 4s. 

Comimon in woods of the northern counties; south to upper 
Monmouth and northwestern Burlington Counties, and rare and 
local farther south in the Middle district, growing, according to. 
Mr. Benj. Heritage, only on northern exposures. Very rare and. 
local in the Cape May peninsula. 


Fl.—E arly April to late April. Fr—Early June to late June. 

Middle District—Holmdel (C), Keyport (C), New Egypt, Bordentown 
(C), Kinkora, Little Timber Creek (P), Woodbury (C), five mi. S. Mickle- 
ton, Cumberland Co. (C). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring - (OHB). 


FAMILY FUMAJRIACE. Fumatory, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers white, with yellow at the tip. Bicuculla cucullaria, p. 46% 
aa. Flowers pale yellow. Capnoides flavulum, p. 46% 


BICUCULLA Adanson. 
Bicuculla cucullaria (L.). Dutchman’s Breeches. 
Fumaria Cucullaria Linneus, Sp. Pl. 699. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Diclytra Cucullaria Britton 45. 
Frequent in woods of the northern counties; very rare within 
our limits and confined to the Middle district. 
Fl_—Early April to late April. Fr—Early May to late May. 
Middle District—Keyport (C) [R. W. Brown], Sharptown [C. D. Lip- 
pincott]. 
CAPNOIDES Adanson. 
Capnoides flavulum (Raf.). Pale Corydalis. 
Corydalis flavula Rafinisque, in Desv. Jour. Bot. 1808 I. p. 224, acc. to D. C. 
Prodr. I. 129. 1824 [Philadelphia]. 
Frequent or occasional in woods of the northern counties ; rare 
within our limits in the Middle and Cape May districts; close 
along the Delaware River. 
_ -Fl—Early April to early May. Fr—Early May to early 
June. 


462 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Kinkora, Gloucester. 
Cape May.—On Delaware Bay (NB). 


Family CRUCIFERA. Mustard, etc. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Petals yellow. 
b. Fruit short, not more than three times as long as broad. 


c. Pods obovoid, leaves lanceolate. [Camelina sativa]}* 
cc. Pods ovoid or globose, leaves pinnately parted. 
d. Plant glabrous. Radicula palustris, p. 464 
dd. Plant hirsute. R. hispida, p. 463 
bb. Fruit much more than three times as long as broad. 
c. Petals 7-15 mm. long. [Brassica nigra]? 
cc. Petals smaller. 
d. Pods 7-9 cm. long. [Sisymbrium officinale]* 
dd, Pods 2-5 cm. long. [Barbarea barbarea]* 


aa, Petals white. 
b. Pods divided into two cells transversely, fleshy sea coast plants. 
Cakile edentula, p. 463 
bb. Pods divided into two cells longitudinally; short, rarely three times 
as long as wide. 
c. Pods compressed at right angles to the plane of the partition, 
making it very narrow. : 
d. Pods cordate triangular, wedge-shaped at the base, hairs or 
some of them branched. [Bursa bursa-pastoris]* 
dd. Pods oval or nearly circular. Lepidium virginicum, p. 465 
cc. Pods compressed parallel with the plane of the partition, leav- 
ing it broad. 
d. Petals 2 cleft. [Draba verna]® 
dd. Petals entire. Draba caroliniana, p. 465 
bbb. Pods divided into two cells longitudinally; four to many times as 
long as wide. 
c. Hairs simple or none. 


d. Leaves palmate. Dentaria laciniata, p. 465 
dd. Leaves oblong or cordate. 
e. Tuberous roots. Cardamine bulbosa, p. 464 
ee. Fibrous roots. Cardamine rotundifolia, p. 465 


We have but few native Cruciferae in southern New Jersey, but a number 
of our common weeds belong to this family, of which the following are 
of most frequent occurrence: 

*False Flax, occasional in fields. 

? Black Mustard, common in waste ground. 

* Hedge Mustard, common about houses, roadsides, ete. 

‘Winter Cress, fields, meadows, etc., common. 

* Shepherd’s Purse, a common field and garden weed. 

‘Whitlow Grass, one of the earliest plants to appear in flower, very 
common in sandy fields. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW. JERSEY. 463 


ddd. Leaves pinnate. 
e. Plant 2-9 dm. tall, segments of basal leaves 4-25 mm. 


wide. C. pennsylvanica, p. 464 
ee. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, segments of basal leaves I-3 mm. 
wide. C. parviflora, p. 464 


cc. Hairs or some of them branched. 
d. Plants small, less than 30 cm. 
e. Leaves entire or barely toothed, 2-30 cm. high. 
: [Stenophragma thaliana]' 
ee. Leaves basal, pinnatified, 10-30 cm. high. 


Arabis lyrata, p. 466 
dd. Plants tall, 30-120 cm. 


e. Pods erect. [Arabis glabra]* 
ee. Pods recurved or spreading. 
f. Plant glabrous. A, laevigata, p. 466 
ff. Lower part of stem hairy. A. canadensis, p. 466 


CAKILE Gaertner. 
Cakile edentula (Bigel.). Sea Rocket. 


PL. LVI, Fig. 1. 

Bunias edentula Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 157. 1814 [Cape Ann. and So. Boston]. 
Cakile americana Knieskern 7.—Willis 7.—Britton 52. i 
Cakile edentula Keller and Brown 160. 

Sea beaches along the entire coast and for some distance up 
the Bay shore. 

One of the most generallly and regularly distributed species 
of the upper beach. 

Fl.—tLate June into November. Fr.—tLate July through 
‘autumn. 

Maritime Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Long Branch, N. Spring Lake (NB), 
Waretown, Surf City (L), St. Albans (L), Barrel Island (L), Spray Beach 
(L), Brigantine, Ocean City (S), Sea Isle City, Stone Harbor, Anglesea, Cape 


May. 
RADICULA Hill. 


Radicula hispida (Desv.). Hispid Yellow Cress. 
Brachylobus hispidus Desv. Jour. Bot. II. 3: 183. 1814 [Pennsylvania]. 
Frequent in moist ground in the northern counties ; occasional, 
southward along the Delaware River. 
Fl_—Early May into September. Fr—Early July into 
autumn. 
Middle District—Delair, Kaighns Pt., Penns Grove (NB). 


*Mouse-ear Cress, a common weed. 
®°Tower Mustard, introduced about Cape May. 


464 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Radicula palustris (L.). Marsh Yellow Cress. 
Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre Linneus, Sp. Pl. 657. 1753 [N. 
Europe]. 
Distribution as in the last. 
Fl.—Early May into September. Fr—Early July into 
autumn. 


Middle District—New Egypt, mouth of Cooper’s Creek, Swedesboro, 
Salem (NB). 


CARDAMINE L. 
Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl. Pennsylvania Bitter Cress. 
Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhlenberg in Willd. Sp. Pl. III. 486 1800 [Penn~ 
sylvania]. 

Cardamine hirsuta Britton 49. 

Common in damp woods and swamps in the northern counties. 
and southward in the Middle district. 

Fl.—tLate April to mid-June. Fr—lLate May to late July. 

Middle District—Pemberton (NB), Delano, Delair, Medford (S), Taunton 


(C), Wenonah, Mantua, Camden (P), Washington Park, Mickleton, Mullica 
Hill (H), Atco (P), Elsinboro (C). 


Cardamine parviflora L. Sand Bitter Cress. 
Cardamine parviflora Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 914. 1763 [Europe]. 
Cardamine arenicola Britton. 
Damp sandy soil along the Coast strip. Rare. 
Fl—Mid-April to mid-June. Fr.—Mid-May to mid-July. 
Middle District—Bay Head, Piermont. 


Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.). Bulbous Cress. 


Arabis bulbosa “Schreber,” Muhlenberg, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3:174. 1793: 
[Virginia]. 

Cardamine rhomboidea Knieskern 7. 

lSardamine bulbosa Britton 49. 


Frequent in swamps and moist woodland in the Northern and 
Middle districts. 

Fl.—Late April to early June. Fr.—No fruiting material 
seen, apparently uncommon. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Kinkora, Delair, Pensauken (S), Medford 


(S), Taunton (C), Washington Park, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Penns Neck. 
(C). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 465 


Cardamine rotundifolia Michx. Round-leaved Cress. 


Cardamine rotundifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 30. 1803 [High Mts. of 
Carolina].—Knieskern 7,—Willis 6.—Britton 50. 


Reported from near the Delaware Water Gap (Britton), Free- 
hold (Willis), Middletown, Mon. Co., cool shaded springs, very 
rare (Knieskern), 


DENTARIA L. 
Dentaria faciniata Muhl. Cut-leaved Pepper-root. 


Dentaria laciniata Muhlenberg, in Willdenow Sp. Pl. III. 479. 1800 [Penn- 
sylvania].—Willis 6. 
Cardamine laciniata Britton 49. 


Frequent in moist woods of the northern counties, rare south- 
ward within our limits, entirely in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Mid-April to early May. Fr—Late May to mid-June. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Freehold (Willis), Bordentown, Camden 
Co. (C), Mullica Hill (H), Swedesboro, Acton. 


LEPIDIUM L. 
Lepidium virginicum Linn. Wild Pepper-grass. 

Lepidium virginicum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 645. 1753 [Virginia and Jamaica].— 

Britton 52. 

Frequent throughout in cultivated ground. Whether it ever 
occurred native in New Jersey is a difficult matter to determine. 

Fl.—Mid-May into November. Fr.—tLate July through 
autumn. 


DRABA L. 
Draba caroliniana Walt. Carolina Whitlow Grass. 


Draba caroliniana Walter, Fl. Car. 174. 1788 [South Carolina] —Willis 7— 
Britton 50. 

Reported from Bulls Island, Hunterdon Co., and South Am- 
boy, Middlesex Co., and occasional in open sandy ground in 
West Jersey. Not collected recently. 

April 14, immature fruit. 


Middle District—Burlington, Starr’s on Cooper’s Creek, Woodbury, 
Swedesboro (CDL), Clementon (KB), Vineland (KB). 


30 MUS 


466 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ARABIS L. 
Arabis lyrata L. Lyre-leaved Rock Cress. 
Arabis lyrata Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 665. 1753 [Canada].—Barton, FI. Phila. II. 56 
1818.—Knieskern 7.—Britton 48. 
Sandy or rocky soil of the Northern and Middle districts, and 
occasional on the Coast strip. 
Fl—Mid-April to early June, and sporadically into July. 
Fr.—tlLate May to mid-July. 
Middle District—Bordentown, Medford, Westville, Washington Park, 


Woodbury, 3 miles south Mickleton, Bridgeton (NB). 
Coast Strip—Sea Bright (NB), Avalon, Mays Landing (NB). 


Arabis lzevigata (Muhl.). Smooth Rock Cress. 
Arabis levigata “Muhlenberg,” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3:543. 1801 [Pennsyl- 
vania].—Britton 48. 
Frequent in rocky woods of the northern counties, rare south- 
ward in the Middle district. 
Fl—Mid-April to late May. Fr—July to August. 
Middle District—New Egypt. 


Arabis canadensis L. Sickle-pod. 
Arabis canadensis Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 665. 1753 [Virginia] —Britton 48. 
Frequent in rocky woods of the northern counties, occasional 
southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—tLate May to early July. Fr—August to September. 
Middle District—Two miles north Mullica Hill (C), Swedesboro.* 


Family CAPPARIDACE. Capers. 
POLANISIA Rafinesque. 


Polanisia graveolens Raf. Clammy-weed. 
Polanisia graveolens Rafinesque, Am. Journ, Sci. I. 378. 1819.—Willis 8 
[Newburgh on the Hudson, Harrisburg on the Susquehanna]. 

Polanisia dodecandra Britton 53. 

Sandy shores, Bergen Co., and at Long Branch, Monmouth 
Co., according to Willis’ Catalogue; rare. 

Possibly not a native, though other species with the same 
general range find their northernmost records in sporadic occur- 
rences in New Jersey. 


*The record for Arabis hirsuta Swedesboro, Lippincott (KB), proves to 
be this species. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 467 


Order SARRACENIALES. 
Family SARRACENIACEZ.  Pitcher-Plants. 


SARRACENIA L, 
Sarracenia purpurea L. Pitcher Plant. 


Plates LXIII. and LXIV., Fig. 2. 


Sarracenia purpurea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 510. 1753 [N. America].—Barton, Fl. 
Phila. II. 10. 1818—Knieskern 6.—Willis 5—Britton 44.—Keller and 
Brown 166. 

Occasional or local in bogs of the northern, Middle and Cape 
May districts. Common in bogs and cedar swamps of the Pine 
Barrens, 

This is one of the plants which makes the bogs of the Pine 
Barrens so attractive. Mingled with the button-capped stems of 
Eriocaulon, and accompanied by its close allies, the Droseras, it 
always attracts interest—its water filled cups sunk well down in 
the sphagnum: and its flower scape standing aloft. 

The pitchers are usually well formed and handsomely veined 
with crimson on a yellowish green ground color in plants which 
grow in the open bogs, but in the deep shade of the cedar 
swamps they are greener and narrower, with a greater develop- 
ment of flat keel on top. 

Fl.—Late May to mid-June. 


Middle District—Freehold (Willis), Shark River, Five miles west of 
Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Farmingdale, Lakehurst (NY), Toms River, Forked 
River, Tuckerton (UP), Bamber, Pemberton, Brindletown, Speedwell, Berlin, 
Atco (UP), Malaga (UP), Pleasant Mill, Mouth of Batsto, Eighth St. (T), 
Hammonton (Bassett), Egg Harbor City, Petersburg (S). 

Cape May—Goshen (OHB), Cape May (OHB). 


Family DROSERACE, Sundews. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Blade of the leaf orbicular, flowers white. Drosera rotundifolia, p. 468 
aa. Blade of the leaf spatulate, flowers white. D. longifolia, p. 468 

aaa, Leaf filiform, not divided into blade and petiole, flowers large, pink. 
‘ D. filiformis, p. 460 


468 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


DROSERA L. 
Drosera rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew. 


Drosera rotundifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 281. 1753 [Europe, Asia and America]. 
—Barton Fl. Phila. I. 116. 1818—Nuttall Gen. I. 141. 1818.—Knieskern 
8—Britton 104. 

Locally common in bogs throughout the State. 

In the Pine Barrens this species seems to be the least abundant 
of the three Sundews, but it is the characteristic species of the 
cedar swamps where the others do not seem to occur. Here it 
grows deep down in the soft wet billowy masses of sphagnum 
moss, its slender flower stalk rising sometimes to a height of 
eight or ten inches. In open places it is much more stunted. 

Fl.—Early July to late August, apparently slightly earlier than 
the next. 

Middle District—Shark River, New Egypt, Florence, Kaighns Pt., Lawn- 
side (C), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 
Pine Barrens.—Farmingdale, Allaire, Pt. Pleasant, Coxe’s, Speedwell (S), 

Bear Swamp (S), Winslow (S), Mouth of Batsto, Hammonton (Bassett), 

Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S). 


Coast Strip-—Spray Beach (L), N. Beach Haven (L). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Drosera longifolia L. Oblong-leaved Sundew. 
Pl. LXV. 
Drosera longifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 282. 1753 [Europe]—Barton FI. Phila. 

I, 116. 1818.—Nuttall Gen. I. 141—Knieskern 8. 

Drosera intermedia var. Americana Britton 104. “ 
Drosera intermedia Keller and Brown 166. 

Occasional or locally common in bogs of the Northern and 
Middle districts and common throughout the Pine Barrens and 
Cape May peninsula in damp situations. 

This seems to be the most abundant and most generally dis- 
tributed species of Sundew in South Jersey. There is consider- 
able variation in the size and appearance of plants. Those of 
drier situations have a dense rosette-like cluster of small leaves 
from which the flower scape arises, while those growing in water 
or wet sphagnum develop a leafy stem often six to seven inches 
long; the uppermost leaves, from! the midst of which the scape 
springs, being always the largest and freshest. 

Fl.—Early July to late August. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 469 


Middle District—Shark River, Florence, Delanco, Camden (UP), Med- 
ford, Griffith’s Swamp, Kaighns Swamp, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Belmar (NY), Toms River (S$), Brindletown, Manchester 
(NY), Hanover, Speedwell (S), Bear Swamp (S), Ancora (UP), Atsion 
(S), White Horse (S), Atco (S), Landisville, Hammonton (Bassett), Batso 


(S$), Egg Harbor City, Pancoast (S), Absecon (S$), Woodbine (S$), Tucka- 
hoe (S), Sea Isle Jnc. 


Coast Strip—Seaside Park (UP), Holgate’s (L,), N. Beach Haven (L), 
Anglesea. 


ares. May.—Whitesboro (S), Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Court House 
UP). 


Drosera filiformis Raf. Thread-leaved Sundew. 
PI. LXVL., Fig. 2, and Pl. LXXXVIIL, Fig. 3. 


Drosera filiformis Rafinesque, Med. Rep. II. (5), 360. 1808 [County of 
Gloucester, N. J., and Sussex, Del.]—Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. I. 211. 1814 
Lams N. J., 1805].—Knieskern 8—Britton 104.—Keller and Brown 
107. 

a tenutfolia Muhlenberg Cat. 23. 1813. 

Common in wet sand throughout the Pine Barrens, and rarely 
in outlying pine barren islands in West Jersey and on the coast. 

This is a far handsomer species than either of the preceding, 

and from the nature of its growth far more conspicuous. ‘The 
large crimson-pink flowers are open only during part of the 
morning on sunshiny days, closing up at other times like the 
Portulaca of our gardens. The plants prefer open damp sand, 
where they are not shaded or crowded by other vegetation. 
Sometimes they grow very abundantly in such spots, and I have 
seen their erect filiform leaves in rank upon rank, the glutinous 
secretion on the glands glistening in the sunlight and making the 
whole patch look like dew covered spider webs, such as we fre- 
quently see on an early autumn morning. When examined 
closely the leaves will always be found to have small flies, mos- 
quitoes and other insects attached to their thread-like glands. 

F].—Late June to late August. 

Middle Dissrict.—Lindenwold. 

Pine Barrens—Pt. Pleasant, N. Spring Lake (NY), 3 mi. S. New Egypt, 
Hanover, Browns Mills, Toms River, Forked River, Manchester (NY), May- 
etta, Manahawkin, West Creek, Speedwell, Chatsworth, High Bridge, Atsion, 
Bear Swamp (S), Atco (UP), Ballinger’s Mill, Pleasant Mills, Batsto, Mouth 
of Batsto, Quaker Bridge, Eighth St, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Ab- 


secon, Mays Landing (UP). 
Coasa Strip—N. Beach Haven (L), Seaside Park (S). 


470 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Order ROSALES. 
Family CRASSULACEAi.* 


PENTHORUM L, 
Penthorum sedoides L.. Ditch Stonecrop. 
Penthorum sedoides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 432. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 15.— 
Britton 104. 

Common in swamps and ditches of the northern counties and 
less frequently southward in the Middle district. 

Fl—Apparently June into September. Fr.—August into 
autumn. ” 


Middle District—Spring Lake, New Egypt, Medford (S), Kaighns Pt., 
Washington Park, Repaupo (C). 


Family PARNASSIACEA. Grass of Parnassus. 


PARNASSIA L. 


Parnassia caroliniana Michx. Grass-of-Parnassus. 


Parnassia Caroliniana Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 184. 1803 [Carolina].—Knies- 
kern 8,—Willis 22.—Britton 102Keller and Brown 169. 


Frequent or locally common .in the northern counties in 
swamps or wet meadows; known from within our limits only 
from New Egypt, where it was found by Dr. P. D. Knieskern. 


Family SAXIFRAGACEA‘. Saxifrages. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves all basal. 
b. Flowers white, plant 1-3 dm. high. Savrifraga virginiensis, p. 471 
bb. Flowers greenish, plant 3-9 dm. high. 

c. Stamens 10, anthers yellowish green. 
Saxifraga pennsylvanica, p. 471 
cc. Stamens 5, anthers bright orange. Heuchera americana, p. 471 
aa. A single pair of leaves about the middle of the scape. in addition to the 
basal ones, flowers white. Mitella diphylla, p. 472 
aaa. Small, creeping, semi-aquatic plants, with crenate leaves; no petals, 
anthers bright orange. Chrysosplenium americanum, p. 472 


* The minute Tillea aquatica was found by Nuttall on tidal mud along the 
Delaware above Philadelphia, but only on the Pennsylvania side, so far as I 
can ascertain. It has not been collected there recently. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. = 471 
SAXIFRAGA L. 
Saxifraga pensylvanica L. Swamp Saxifrage. 


Saxifragia pensylvanica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 399. 1753 [Virginia, Penna. and 
Canada].—Britton tor. 

Swamps; commion in the northern counties and less abundant 
southward in the Middle district and southern Cape May penin- 
sula. 

Fl_—Early May to late May. Fr—Early June to early July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Middletown (C), New Egypt, Birming- 


ham (C), Medford (S), Lindenwold, Mullica Hill (H), Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May. 


Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. Early Saxifrage. 


Saxifraga virginiensis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 269. 1803 [Pennsylvania, 
Virginia and Carolina Mts.]Knieskern 15.—Britton I00. 


Common on dry banks in the northern counties, becoming less 
plentiful southward in the Middle district ; rare in the lower Cape 
May peninsula. 

Fl.—Early April to early May. Fr.—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton, Bordentown, Kinkora, Medford 
(S), Sewell, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Mannington (C), Daretown (C), 


Bridgeton (C). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB), very rare. 


HEUCHERA L. 


Heuchera americana L. Alum-root. 


Heuchera americana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 226. 1753.[Virginia]—Knieskern 15.— 

Britton tor. 

Frequent in woods of the Northern counties, less plentiful 
southward in the Middle district, and rare in the lower Cape 
May peninsula. 

Fl.—tLate May to late June. Fr.—Mid-June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Vincentown (C), Medford (S), Sewell 
(S), Camden (P), Mullica Hill (H), Blackwood (H), Woodbury, Swedes 


boro, Auburn (H). 
Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


472 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


MITELLA L. 
Mitella diphylla L. Two-leaved Bishop’s Cap. 
Mitella diphylla Linneus, Sp. Pl. 406. 1753 [North America]. 

Moist woods; occasional through the northern counties. Un- 
known within our limits until collected by Mr. J. H. Grove at 
New Egypt. 

F].—Late April to mid-May. Fr.—Late May to mid-June. 

Middle District—-New Egypt. 


CHRYSOSPLENIUM L. 
Chrysosplenium americanum Schw. Golden Saxifrage. 


Chrysosplenium Americanum Schweinitz, in Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. I. 242. 
1832 [Canada].—Knieskern 15.—Britton 101. 


Common in shaded swampy spots in the northern counties, 
becoming rare and local southward in the Middle district. 
Fl—arly April to Mid-May. Fr.—Late May to early July. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Hartford (P), Audubon (S$), Mickleton, 
Swedesboro, Marlboro (C). 


Family HYDRANGEACEA. Hydrangeas. 
HYDRANGEA L. 
Hydrangea arborescens L. Wild Hydrangea. 
Pl. XCIV., Fig. 2. 
Hydrangea arborescens Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 397. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Banks of the Delaware River as far as Florence. Certainly 
very rare within our limits. 
Fl.—Early June to mid-July. Fr.—About September, persist- 
ing over winter. 
Middle District,—Bordentown (C), Florence. 


Family ITEACEA!. Virginia Willow. 
ITEA L. 
Itea virginica L. Virginia Willow. 


Itea virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 199. 1753 [Virginia]—Barton Fl. Phila. I. 
118. 1818.—Knieskern 15.—Willis 22.—Britton 102—Keller and Brown 
170. 

Frequent in Pine Barren swamps and locally in West Jersey 
and the Cape May peninsula. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 473 


This shrub, which ranges no farther north than New Jersey, 
resembles Leucothoe to some extent in general appearance, but the 
petals are separate and the racemes terminal and not secund. 

Fl.—Early June to late June. Fr.—About September, persist- 
ing over winter. 


Middle District—Pemberton (C), Medford, Kaighns Pt., Repaupo, Bridge- 
port (H), Glassboro (S), Salem (S), Elmer (P), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens——Manchester (Kn), Toms River (Bassett), Two miles south 
New Egypt, Middletown, Speedwell, White Horse, Atsion, Quaker Bridge, 
Clementon, Berlin, Williamstown Jnc., Sicklerville, Andrews, Cedar Brook, 
Inskip, Pleasant Mills, Folsom, Hammonton, Malaga (UP), Mays Landing, 
Egg Harbor City (P), Dennisville (P). 

Cape May.—Goshen (OHB), Dias Creek. 


Family GROSSULARIACE. Gooseberries and Currants. 
RIBES L. 
Ribes rotundifolium Michx. Wild Gooseberry. 
Ribes rotundifolium Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. tro. 1803 [High Mountains 
of Carolina].—Britton 103. 

Frequent or common in rocky woods of the northern counties ; 
reported once within our limits at Seabright (Britton), perhaps 
an escape. 


Family HAMAMELIDACEZ. Witch Hazel, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves oval or obovate, repand dentate, flowers with long, twisted, yellow 
petals, blooming in autumn. Hamamelis virginiana, p. 473 
aa. Leaves star-like, with five acute lobes, flowers inconspicuous in a cluster, 

blooming in spring, fruit a prickly, long pedicelled ball. 
Liquidambar styraciflua, p. 474 


HAMAMELIS L. 
Hamamelis virginiana L. Witch Hazel. 
Pl. XCIII., Fig. 1. 
Hamamelis virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 124. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 15. 
—Britton 104. 
Frequent in damp woods of the northern counties and less 
abundant southward in the Middle and Coast districts. 
Fl.—Early October to late November or into December, as the 
leaves are falling. Fr—Early autumn of the second season. 


474 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Birmingham, 
Kinkora, Camden (CP), Springdale (S$), Westville, Glassboro, Albion, Rac- 
coon Creek, Dividing Creek. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin. 


LIQUIDAMBAR L. 
Liquidambar styraciflua L. Sweet Gum. 
Liquidambar styraciflua Linneus, Sp. Pl. 999. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 15. 
—Willis 28—Britton 105. 

Common in woods throughout our region, except in the Pine 
Barrens and in those parts of the coastal plain which extend 
north of our limits. Also at Lake Hopatcong, Morris Co., and 
for a short distance up the Delaware and Hudson Rivers in 
Hunterdon and Bergen Counties. 

The Sweet Gum and Willow Oak are probably the best trees 
by which to trace the line separating the Pine Barrens from the 
Middle district, while to the westward their range stops short at 
the fall line along the Delaware. 

On the coast I have found both species occupying little dry 
ground islets in the salt marshes, a mile from the mainland, while 
all along the Coast strip proper the Sweet Gum occurs, even 
running up the Egg Harbor River to Mays Landing along with 
other coastal species. 

Fl.—Late April to late May apparently, when the leaves are 
partly expanded. Fr.—Early autumn, persistent in part through 
the winter. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Belmar (UP), Pt. Pleasant (S), New 
Egypt, Crosswick’s Creek, Delanco (S), Arney’s Mt. (S), Birmingham, 
Medford, Chairville (S), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S), Sicklerville, Glassboro, 
W. Deptford, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Salem (S), Dividing Creek, 
Beaver Dam (S), below Millville. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Beesley’s Pt. (S), Petersburg, Mays Landing 
(S), Anglesea. 

Cape May.—Seaville (S), Dias Creek (S), Bennett, Cold Spring (S), 
Court House. 


Family PLATANACEA, Buttonwoods. 
PLATANUS L. 


Platanus occidentalis L. Buttonwood. 


Platanus occidentalis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 999. 1753 [North America].— 
Knieskern 28.—Britton 219. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 475 


Along streams in the Northern and Middle districts. ‘The 
only Pine Barren stations we have seen are obviously of intro- 
duced trees. : 

Normally a tree of open river valleys, the Buttonwood finds 
congenial conditions only in the Delaware Valley. 

F].—Early May to mid-May, when the leaves are partly 
grown. Fr.—Autumn, persistent, in part, through the winter. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Swedesboro, Medford (S), introduced about 


houses at numerous stations in the Pine Barrens and elsewhere, Toms River, 
Speedwell, etc. 


Family ROSACEA. Roses, ete. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers yellow. 
b. Leaves digitate, 3-5 foliate. 
c. Flowers cymose, leaflets 3. [Potentilla monspeliensis]* 
cc. Flowers solitary on axillary peduncles. 
d. Earliest flower from node above the first well developed inter- 


node. P. pumila, p. 482 
dd. Earliest flower from node above the second or third well 
developed internode. P. canadensis, p. 482 


bb. Leaves pinnate. 
c. Flowers 12 mm. broad, in dense cymose inflorescence. 
Drymocallis arguta, p. 481 
cc. Flowers 3 or 4, remote in a branched inflorescence. 
d. Root leaves, at least some of them, lobed or entire, flowers 
pale greenish yellow. : Geum flavum, p. 483 
dd. Root leaves all pinnate, flowers golden yellow. 
G. strictum, p. 483 
ccc. Flowers scattered in a long, slender, spike-like raceme. 
d. Leaflets, exclusive of the small intermediate ones, 5-9 ovate 
or obovate. 
e. Root not thickened, leaflets resin—dotted below. 
Agrimonia rostellata, p. 483 
ee. Root thickened toward the end, leaflets velvety tomentose. 
A. mollis, p. 484 
dd. Leaflets 11-13, lanceolate. A, parviflora, p. 484 
aa. Flowers pink. 
b. Large, 1.5 in broad or more, leaves pinnate, stem prickly. 
c. Leaf rachis glabrous or puberulent. 
d. Leaves serrulate, infra-stipular prickles short, 2-4 mm. long, 
broad-based and decidedly curved, stipules narrowly linear. 
Rosa carolina, p. 485 


*Rough Cinquefoil, apparently an introduced weed. 


476 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


dd. Leaves more coarsely and deeply serrate, infra-stipular, 
prickles longer, stipules more dilated. 
e. Prickles decidedly curved, leaves somewhat shining above. 
R. virginiana, p. 485 
ee. Prickles straight, leaves dull above. R. humilis, p. 485 
cc. Leaf rachis very glandular, leaflets doubly serrate, densely resin- 
ous beneath. LR. rubiginosa]’ 
bb. Small, in dense racemous panicles, leaves simple, stem not prickly. 
c. Leaves densely tomentose beneath. Spirea tomentosa, p. 477 
cc. Leaves glabrous beneath, flowers whitish. S. latifolia, p. 477 
aaa. Flowers white. 
b. Woody shrubs. 
c. Flowers small, in dense corymbs or racemous panicles, leaves 
simple, stems not prickly. 
d. Flowers in umbel-like corymbs, pods membranaceous purplish, 
leaves palmately lobed.  ~ Opulaster opulifolius, p. 477 
dd. Flowers in racemous panicles. Spirea latifolia, p. 477 
cc. Flowers large. (Blackberries and Raspberries.) 
d. Fruit cap-shaped, fitting over the receptacle from which it 
separates when ripe, leaves white beneath, 
Rubus occidentalis, p. 478 
dd. Fruit not separating from the receptacle, forming a solid 
berry of numerous segments. 
e. Leaves white tomentose, beneath. R. cuneifolius, p. 479 
ee. Leaves smooth or velvety beneath, not white. 
f- Branches of the inflorescence prickly and glandular. 
R. argutus, p. 479 
ff. Branches of the inflorescence pubescent, but nearly or 
quite devoid of prickles or glands. 
R. frondosus, p. 480 
bb. Trailing vines. 


c. Leaves 3-5 foliate, stems prickly. : 
d. Fruit black, leaves membranaceous, not shining. 

e. Flowers several on each raceme. R. villosus, p. 480 

ee. Flowers solitary. R. v. enslenii, p. 480 


dd. Fruit reddish, leaves subcoriaceous, shining. 
R. hispidus, p. 480 
cc. Leaves round—heart-shaped, crenate. Dalibarda repens, p. 481 
ccc. Leaves 3 foliate, running only by stolons. 
Fragaria virginica, p. 481 
bbb. Herbs, not trailing. 
c. No stem, flower peduncles arising from root, leaves 3-foliate, 
plant stoloniferous. Fragaria virginica, p. 481 
cc. A common stem present. 
d. Leaves regularly 3-foliate, almost sessile, petals linear lanceo- 
late. Porteranthus trifoliatus, p. 478 
dd. Leaves pinnate, 3-foliate or entire, petals not linear lanceolate. 


— 


? Sweetbriar, well established along the coast strip, in thickets. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 477 


e. Leaves regularly many-pinnate, flowers in a long, slender 
cylindrical spike. Sanguisorba canadensis, p. 484 
ee. Leaves various, lower often 3-5 pinnate or entire, upper 
generally 3-parted. 
f. Receptacle of the fruit densely hairy. 


Geum canadense, p. 482 
ff. Receptacle of the fruit glabrous or nearly so. 


G. virginianum, p. 483 
OPULASTER Medicus. 


Opulaster opulifolius (L.). Ninebark. 
Spirea opulifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 489. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Barton 
I, 230. 1818. 

Physocarpa opulifolia Britton 92. 

River banks of the northern counties, following down the 
Delaware as far as Camden. 

Fl.—Late May to early June. F'r.—Mid-June to late June or 
July, persisting into autumn. 


Middle District—Bordentown (NB), Crosswicks Creek (C), Riverton, 
Camden (P), Cooper’s Creek (C), National Park. 


SPIRAEA L. 
Spirzea latifolia “Aiton” Borkh. Meadow Sweet. 


Spirea latifolia “Aiton,” Borkhausen, Handbk. Forst. Bot. II. 1871. 1800 
[North America].—Knieskern 13.—Britton 93. 
Spirea alba Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 229. 1818. 

Edges of swamps or wet meadows; rather frequent in the 
northern counties, but rare southward mainly in the Middle 
district and apparently entering the Pine Barrens only on the 
borders and along streams. 

Fl_—Early July to late August. Fr.—Early September into 
October. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Brindletown, Florence, Center Square. ; 

Pine Barrens—Hanover, Above Atsion, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing 
(NB). 

Spirzea tomentosa L. Hardhack. 
Spirea tomentosa Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 489. 1753 [Philadelphia] —Knieskern 13. 
—Willis 20.—Britton 93. 

Frequent in low grounds nearly throughout the State, but 
apparently occurring in the Pine Barrens much as does the 
preceding. 


478 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Early July to early September. Fr.—Early ‘September 
into October. 


Middle District—Farmingdale (S), Avon, Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Bur- 
lington (UP), Hartford, Fish House, Paulsboro, Repaupo (UP), Center 
Square, Westville, Bellevue, Mickleton (UP), Woodbury (UP). 

Pine Barrens—Hammonton (Bassett), Batsto (S), Crowleytown, Weeks- 
town, Speedwell (S), Belleplaine (S), Mays Landing (NB). [In part, at 
least, incursions from coast?] 

Cape May.—Cape May, W. Cape May (OHB). 

PORTERANTHUS Britton. 
Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.). Indian Physic. 
Spirea trifoliata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 490. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 


Rather frequent in rich woods of the northern counties, but 
very rare within our limits and known only from Prospertown, 
near New Egypt, Ocean Co., where it was discovered by Mr. J. 
H. Grove. 

The generic name of the plant is in honor of Dr. Thos. C. 
Porter, formerly professor of botany at Lafayette College, 
Faston, Pa., the leading authority of his time on the flora of 
Pennsylvania, as well as of the New Jersey side of the Delaware 
near Easton. 

F].—Late May to mid-June. Fr.—lLate June to mid-July. 

Middlé District—New Egypt. 


RUBUS L. 
Rubus occidentalis L.* Blackcap Raspberry. 
Rubus occidentalis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 493. 1753 [Canada].—Willis 21.—Brit- 
ton 94. 

Common in thickets in the northern counties and occasional 
southward in the Middle and Cape May districts. Possibly some 
of the southern records may be based upon escapes from gardens. 

Fl.—Early May to late May. Fr.—Late June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Freehold (NB), Farmingdale, Birmingham, Medford (S), 
Fish House, Delair, Lawnside (S), Riddleton. 


Coast Strip.—Beach Haven (L), probably introduced. 
Cape May.—Fishing Creek (OHB), Cold Spring (OHB). 


* Rubus americanus is cited by Willis on Dr. Torrey’s authority as occur- 
ring in Monmouth Co., but no more exact data are available and no speci- 
mens éxtant. Rubus strigosus grew at Woodbury, according to Dr. Barton 
(1818), but it was no doubt an escape. ‘The species does grow native as far 
south as Phillipsburg, however. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. — 479 


Rubus cuneifolius Pursh. Sand Blackberry. 


Rubus cuneifolius Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 347. 1814 [New Jersey to Carolina]. 
—Barton, Fl. Phila, I. 232. 1818—Knieskern 14.—Willis 21—Britton 
04.—Keller and Brown 174. 


Common in sandy ground throughout our region and recorded 
at but two points farther north in the State—South Amboy and 
Rosemont. 

This is the characteristic blackberry of southern New Jersey. 
It does not grow high, usually not over three feet, but frequently 
covers a considerable area of ground. ‘The fruit is seedy and 
too sweet and is not picked to any extent. 

Fl.—Late May to early July. Fr.—Mid-July to late August 

Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Lindenwold. 

Pine Barrens—Bear Swamp (S), Speedwell (S), Landisville (T), Egg 
Harbor City, Quaker Bridge (UP). 

Coast Strip—Holgate’s (L), Sherburn’s (1), Atlantic City (S$), Five-Mile 
Beach. 

Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


Rubus argutus Link. Tall Blackberry. 


Rubus argutus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 11. 60 [North America].—Keller 
and Brown 174. 
Rubus villosus Britton 94 (in part.)—Knieskern 13 (in part.). 
Rubus nigrobaccus Keller and Brown 174 (in part). 
Fields and thickets of the Middle and Coast districts and Cape 
May peninsula; common. Probably also in the northern counties. 
So variable are the Blackberries and so unsatisfactory the 
character of most of the supposed species, that it is difficult to 
decide whether we really have more than one species besides R. 
cuneifolius. According to Mr. Bicknell’s views, which seem to 
be the most logical so far advanced, R. argutus should be the 
name of the most abundant species of our coastal plain region. 
F].—Mid-May to mid-June. Fr.—Mid-July to mid-August. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Crosswicks, Delanco, Medford (S). 
Pine Barrens.—Speedwell. 
Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant, Beach Haven (L,), Peahala (L), Tucker’s (L), 


Barnegat City (L), Holgate’s (L), Ocean City (S), Piermont, Anglesea. 
Cape May.—Cape May (S). 


480 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Rubus frondosus Bigel. Bush Blackberry. 


Rubus frondosus Bigelow, Plants of Boston, Ed. II., 199. 1824 [Boston, 
Mass.] 


Frequent in the northern counties and occasional in the Middle 
district, especially along the Delaware river. ‘Distinguished from 
the last by having the branches of the inflorescence pubescent, but 
nearly or quite glandless, and with few or no prickles. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. Fr.—Mid-July to mid-August. 


Middle District-—Delanco, Moorestown. 


Rubus villosus Ait. Dewberry. 

Rubus villosus Aiton, Hort. Kew, 2: 210. 1789 [North America]. 
Rubus canadensis Knieskern 13, Britton 94. 

Frequent throughout, but decidedly less common in the Pine 
Barrens. 

The same uncertainty prevails here as in the high blackberries, 
as to just how many species we have. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. F'r.—Early July to early August. 
Probably slightly earlier than R. argutus. 


Middle District—Washington Park, Medford (S), Lindenwold (S), Sick- 
lerville. 

Pine Barrens—Berlin (S), Head of Batsto (S), Landisville (T), Albion. 

Coast Strip—Beach Haven (L,), Tucker’s (1,), Spray Beach (L,), Atlantic 
City (S), Stone Harbor (S). 


Rubus villosus enslenii Tratt. Single-flowered Dewberry. 
Rubus enslenii Trattennink, Ros. III. 63. 1823 [North America]. 


Rather frequent. Distribution and flowering probably similar 
to the last. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. Fr.—Mid-July to mid-August. 

Middle District—Farmingdale. 


Pine Barrens —Cedar Brook. 
Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Spray Beach, Stone Harbor. 


Rubus hispidus L. Hispid Swamp Blackberry. 


Rubus hispidus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 493. 1753 [Canada].—Knieskern 14.—Brit- 
ton 94. 


Rubus flagellaris Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 234, II. 216. 1818. 


Plentiful in shaded swampy ground throughout the State. A 


common species of the cedar swamps and shady moist ground in 
the Middle district. 


Fl.—Early June to early July. Fr—tLate July to late August. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 481 


Middle District—Freehold (NB), Farmingdale (S), Burlington, Medford 
(S), Sicklerville, Washington Park, Glassboro, Swedesboro, Yorktown. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Manahawkin, Cox’s Speedwell (S), Bear 
Swamp (S$), Albion, Jackson, Winslow Jnc., Mouth of Batsto. 


DALIBARDA L, 
Dalibarda repens L. Dalibarda. 
Dalibarda repens Linnzus, Sp. Pl. gor. 1753 [Canada].—Keller and Brown 
175. 

Very rare and known from but one station in the State—two 
miles northwest of Swedesboro—where it was detected by Mr. 
Charles D. Lippincott. ‘The occurrence of such a distinctly 
boreal plant in this locality is extremely interesting. 

Fl.—July 8, 1894, petals dropping. 


Middle District—Two miles northwest of Swedesboro. 


FRAGARIA L. 
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne. Virginia Strawberry. 
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne, Hist. Nat. Fras. 204. 1766 [America].— 
Knieskern 13.—Britton 95. 

Common in the northern counties in fields; less common south- 
ward in the Middle and Coast districts. This is the comimion 
wild strawberry of the New Jersey lowlands. Another species 
has been recorded as F. vesca in Ocean and Monmouth Counties 
(Knieskern) and about Camden (Martindale). If these records 
refer to true F. vesca they are, of course, based upon introduced 
plants, as the species is not native here. The allied native species, 
F. americana, is a mountain plant, and its occurrence on the 
coastal plain does not seem probable. There are no New Jersey 
specimens in the Martindale Herbarium. 

Fl.—Late April to late May. Fr.—Late May to late June. 

Middle District—Medford (S), Lindenwold (S), Blackwood, Washington 
Park. 
ei Strip—Toms River (NB), Forked River, Beach Haven (L), At- 
lantic City (S), Piermont (S$). 
DRYMOCALLIS Fourr. 
Drymocallis arguta (Pursh.). Tall Cinquefoil. 
Potentilla arguta Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 736. 1814 [Upper Louisiana].—Brit- 
ton 96. 


Drymocallis arguta Keller and Brown 175. 
31 MUS 


482 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent in rocky places in the northern counties. Local in 
our region and in part, at least, introduced. Stations close to 
the Delaware River shores might well be established by plants 
washed down from farther up stream, as it grows naturally at 
Lambertville and Phillipsburg. 


Middle District—Riverton (KB). 
Pine Barrens—Winslow Jnc. (introduced). 
POTENTILLA L.* 
Potentilla canadensis L. Cinquefoil. 
Potentilla canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 498. 1753 [Canada].—Barton FI. Phila. 
I. 236. 1818.—Knieskern 13.—Britton 96. 
Potentilla canadensis var. simplex Britton 96. 

Commion in dry fields and woods in the northern counties and 
southward in the Middle district, and very rare on the coast 
to Cape May. 

The specimlens from Farmingdale and Yorktown are referable 
to variety simplex, x form of little or no taxonomic value.* 

Fl—Early May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Burlington, Kin- 
kora, Delair, Fish House, Medford (S), Lindenwold (S), Washington Park, 
Swedesboro, Yorktown. 


Pine Barrens—Waretown, Landisville (introduced). 
Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L), Cold Spring (OHB). 


Potentilla pumila Poir. Dwarf Cinquefoil. 
Potentilla pumila Poir in Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. V. 594. 1804 [Narth 
America]. 
Distribution the same as the preceding, but occurs more abun- 
dantly on the coast strip. 
Fl.—Late April to late May. 
Middle District—Bordentown, Camden, Clementon, Quinton. 


Coast Strip—Surf City (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Harvey Cedars (L), 
Palermo, Five-Mile Beach. 


GEUM L. 
Geum canadense Jacq. White Avens. 


Geum Canadense Jacquet, Hort. Vind. II. 82, pl. 175. 1772 [Canada]. 
Geum album Britton 94. 


* P. argentea L., Silvery Cinquefoil, must be regarded as a weed so far as 
our region is concerned. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 483 


Common in woods and thickets of the northern counties, and 
southward in the Middle and Coast districts to the Cape May 
peninsula. Only once reported from the Pine Barrens, at Wins- 
low (Bassett) probably an introduction. 

Fl——€arly June to late July. 


Middle District—Pt. Pleasant (S), New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Arney’s 
Mt. (S), Moorestown (C), Medford (S$), Kirkwood (C), Oaklyn (S), 
Mickleton, Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Longport, Beesley’s Pt. (S), Palermo, Pier- 
mont (S). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 
Geum flavum (Porter). Cream-colored Avens., 


Geum album var. flavum Porter, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XVI. 2r. 1889 [East- 
ern Penna. and N. J.]. 


Occasional in the northern counties and south into the Middle 
district; in woods and thickets. 

Fl.—Late June to mid-August. 

Middle District—Pt. Pleasant (S), Medford (S), Clementon. 


Geum virginianum L. Rough Avens. 
Geum virginianum Linneus Sp. Pl. 500. 1753 [Virginia].—Willis 20—Brit- 
ton 94. 
Woods and thickets of the northern counties, not rare; and 
occasional in the Middle district. 
Fl,—Mid-May to early July. 
Middle District Farmingdale, Mickleton (S), Swedesboro. 


Geum strictum Ait. Yellow Avens. 


Geum strictum Aiton, Hort. Kew. II. 217. 1789 [North America] —Knies- 
kern 13.—Britton 94.—Keller and Brown 177. 


Frequent in low ground in the northern counties; very rare 
southward to our limits in the upper Middle district. 

Fl.—Early June to late July. 

Middle Dissrict—New Egypt, also reported in Britton’s Catalogue from 
Freehold, Mickleton and Camden, some or all probably G. virginianum. 

AGRIMONIA L. 
Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. Woodland Agrimony. 

Agrimonia rostellata, Wallroth, Beitr. I: 42. 1842 [Pennsylvania]. 

Woods and thickets; probably frequent northward; rare with- 
in our limits and confined to the Middle district. Supposed speci- 
mens of A. gryposepala all prove to be this. 


484 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Late July to early September. Fr.—Mid-August to late 
September. 
Middle District—Haddonfield, Oaklyn (S), Swedesboro. 


Agrimonia mollis (Torr. and Gray). Soft Agrimony. 
Agrimonia eupatoria var. mollis Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. A. I. 431. 1840 
[Red River, Ark.]. 
Habitat and distribution like the above, but occurs also on 
the Cape May peninsula. 
FI.—Mid-July to mid-September. Fr.—Early August to 
early October. 


Middle District—Mt. Holly, Oaklyn (S). 
Cape May.—Court House, Cold Spring (OHB). 


Agrimonia parviflora Soland. Many-flowered Agrimony. 


Agrimonia parviflora Solander, in Aiton Hort. Kew. II. 130. 1789 [N. 
America].—Britton 97. 
Woods and thickets; not very common northward, occasional 
or frequent in the Middle and Coast districts southward. 
Fl.—Mid-July to early September. F'r.—Mid-August to late 
September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Riverton, Washington Park. 
Coast Strip—Waretown, Manahawkin. 


SANGUISORBA L. 
Sanguisorba canadensis L. Burnet. 


Pl. LXVIL, Fig. 2. 


Sanguisorba canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 117. 1753 [Canada].—Knieskern 13. 
—Kellar and Brown 178. 
Poterium canadense Britton 97.—Willis 20. 


Open swamps; frequent in the northern counties and locally 
in the Middle district and down the Coast strip to Cape May 
County. 

Fl.—Early August to early October. 

Middle District—Freehold (Kn), New Egypt, Hartford, Moorestown, 
Burlington, Delanco, Camden, Haddonfield, Mullica Hill (H), Mickleton 


(NB), Swedesboro, Auburn. 
Coast Strip—Palermo, Cape May Ct. House. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 485 


ROSA L. 
Rosa carolina L. Swamp Rose. 


Rosa carolina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 492. 1753 [Carolina]—Knieskern 14.— 
Britton 98. 
Rosa corymbosa Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 231. 1818, 

Common in swamps throughout the State, except in the Pine 
Barrens. ‘The common tall rose of the swamps. 

The occurrence of the plant at Weymouth is of interest, as it~ 
may indicate a remnant of early coastal intrusion, for before the 
dam was constructed at Mays Landing the head of tidewater 
must have been higher up, and it is quite likely that some plants 
of the coast strip penetrated farther than is now possible. 

Fil.—lLate June to late July. Fr—tLate summer and autumn, 
persisting into winter. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant (S), Haddonfield (S), Cam- 
den, Washington Park, Albion, Tomlin, Sicklerville (S). 

Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L,), Harvey Cedars (L), Ship Bottom (L), 
Peahala (L), Surf City (L), Cox’s, Beesley’s Pt. (S), Ocean City (S$), Cold 
Spring (S), Cape May (S) and apparently by way of the Egg Harbor River 
to Weymouth. 


Rosa humilis Marsh. Low Rose. 
Rosa humilis Marshall Arb. Am. 136. 1785 [Pennsylvania] —Britton 98. 


Common in dry soil in the Northern and Middle districts. 
This is the common dwarf rose of old fields and wood edges, 
usually about two feet high, with straight slender prickles, and 
with the flowers frequently solitary. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July. Fr—Late summer and autumn, 
persisting into winter. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant (S), New Egypt, Haddonfield 
(S), Medford (S), Albion, Sicklerville, Swedesboro, Yorktown. 
Pine Barrems.—Landisville (introduced ?). 


Rosa virginiana Mill.* Glossy Rose. 


Rosa virginiana Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8. 1768 [Virginia]. 
Rosa lucida Knieskern 14. 
Rosa humilis var. lucida Britton 98. 


* A record for R. blanda is given by Willis for Freehold. It has never been 
verified and the occurrence is extremely improbable. Therefore it seems _ 


safe to reject it. 


486 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Northern and Coast districts, frequent, and occasional in the 
Middle district. This rose is taller than the preceding, with 
heavier more or less curved prickles and the flowers usually in 
corymbs. Normally, it seems to grow in moister spots, but on 
the coast islands, where R. humilis is absent, it grows in various 
situations, those bushes which grow in the driest ground being 
dwarfed, but obviously the same stock as the others. In the 
Middle district this species is absent, R. humilis being the com- 
mon form, while in the Pine Barrens no roses occur. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July. Fr.—Late summer and autumn, 
persisting into winter. 

Coast District—Sandy Hook, Seaside Park, Barnegat City (L), Beach 


Haven (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Surf City (L), Atlantic City (S), 
Ocean City (S), Five-Mile Beach, Cape May (S). 


Family POMACEA®. Apples, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Mature carpels soft, cartilaginous; limbs and branches not spiny. 
b. Leaves rather coarsely more or less irregularly serrate, those on ster- 
ile shoots sometimes lobed. Fruit greenish. Malus angustifolia, p. 486 
bb. Leaves finely and regularly serrate. 
c. Serrations somewhat curved inward at the tip, leaves all distinctly 
narrowed toward the base, blade on fully developed leaves 65 


mim. long. 

d. Fruit black. 
e. Leaves glabrous beneath. Aronia nigra, p. 487 
ee. Leaves pubescent beneath. A, atropurpurea, p. 487 


dd. Fruit red, leaves pubescent beneath. A, arbutifolia, p. 487 
cc. Serrations very sharp, not curved at tip, some of the leaves, at 
Jeast, rounded at base; blade not over 50 mm. long. 
d. Leaves not cordate at base. Amelanchier intermedia, p. 488 
dd. Leaves cordate at base. A. canadensis, p. 488 
aa. Mature carpels very hard and bony, branches armed with stout spines.. 
b. Leaves not lobed. 
c. Calyx lobes entire, leaves thick shining obovate, spines 3-18 cm. 


long. Crategus crusgalli, p. 480 

cc. Calyx lobes serrate, corymbs 1-7 flowered. C. tomentosa, p. 489 

bb. Leaves lobed. C. pruinosa, p. 489 
MALUS Hill. 


Malus angustifolia (Ait.). Narrow-leaved Crab Apple. 


Pyrus angustifolia Aiton, Hort. Kew. II. 176. 1789 [N. America].—Britton 99. 
Malus angustifolia Keller and Brown 179.—VanPelt, Bartonia I. 26. 1909. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 487 


Thickets and wood edges of lower Cape May County  fre- 
quent, also southwest of Landisville. First detected in the State 
by Mr. Albert Commons at Cape May, July 18, 1882. ‘This is 
the only Crab-apple that grows in our district, the larger M. 
coronaria does not occur south of Trenton. 

Fl._—Early May to late May. Fr—Early autumn until frost. 


Cape May.—One mile west Court House, Cold Spring, Cape May. 
Pine Barrens?—tLandisville, probably by way of Manantico Creek, from 
the Bay Shore. 


ARONIA Medicus. 
Aronia arbutifolia (L.). Red Chokeberry. 

Mespilus arbutifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 478. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Pyrus arbutifolia var. erythrocarpa Willis 22. 
Pyrus arbutifolia Knieskern 14.—Britton go. 
Aronia arbutifolia Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 227. 1818. 

Swamps and damp thickets; frequent throughout the State. 

Fl.—Late April to late May. Fr—Early September to early 
October, persisting through autumn. 


Middle District—Farmingdale (S), New Egypt, Fish House, Kaighns Pt., 
‘Center Square, Washington Park, Tomlin, Mickleton, Medford (8S), We- 
nonah, Clementon, West of Bridgeton (S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens——Bear Swamp (S$), Atco, Pancoast (S$), Hammonton (S$), 
Tuckahoe (S). 

Coast Strip—Toms River, Seaside Park (S), Forked River, Waretown,. 
Coxe’s, Surf City (L), Palermo (S), Manahawkin. . 

Cape May.—Goshen (S), Bennett, Dias Creek (S), Green Creek (S), 
Cape May (S). 


Aronia atropurpurea Britton. Purple-fruited Chokeberry. 
Aronia atropurpurea Britton, Man. 517. 1901 [Arlington, Staten Isl.]. 
Rather less frequent than the preceding, occurring in the Mid- 
dle, Coast and Cape May districts, but not yet detected elsewhere. 
Fl.—tLate April to late May. Fr.—Early August to early 
September, persisting through the autumn. 


Middle Districtp—New Egypt, Westmont (S), Washington Park (S), 
Tomlin, Millville. 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Surf City (L), Holly Beach. 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Bennett. 


Aronia nigra (Willd.). Black Chokeberry. 
Pl. LXVIL, Fig. 1. 


Pyrus arbutifolia var. nigra Willdenow, Sp. Pl. II. 1013. 1800 [Virginia]. 
Pyrus arbutifolia var. melanocarpa Knieskern 14.—Willis 22. 
Aronia melanocarpa Barton FI. Phila. I. 227. 1818. 


488 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Swamps and damp thickets; frequent throughout the State. 
While often quite equal to A. arbutifolia in size, this species is 
sometimes quite low, not larger than the Hog Huckleberry 
bushes, with which it often mingles, its black fruit resembling 
enormous huckleberries. Always distinguished from the two 
preceding by the smooth, not wooly, undersurface of the leaves. 

Fl.—Late April to late May. Fr—Early July to early August. 

Middle District—Shark River, New Egypt, Fish House, Kaighns Pt., W. 
Deptford, Springdale (S), Alloway. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (S), Whitings, Browns Mills, Pleasant Mills, 


Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S). 
Coast Strip—Peahala (L), Holly Beach (UP). 


AMELANCHIER Medicus. 
Amelanchier canadensis (L.). Service-berry. 
Mespilus canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 478. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Amelanchier canadensis Knieskern 14.—Britton 100. 

Frequent in dry open woods of the northern counties, but 
rare within our limits, occurring in the upper part of the Middle 
district along the Delaware. 

Fl.—Early April to early May, appearing with the leaves. 
Fr.—Mid-June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Bordentown. 


Amelanchier intermedia Spach. Shad-bush. 


Amelanchier intermedia Spach, Hist. Nat. Veget. II. 83. 1834 [North 

America]. » 
Amelanchier canadensis vat. oblongifolia Willis 22. 

Amelanchier canadensis var. obovalis Britton 100. 
Amelanchier botryapium Keller and Brown 180. 

Frequent throughout the State in thickets and low damp 
woods. ‘The shad-bushes give the first touch of bloom to the 
swamps of the coastal plain. Their spikes of white flowers and 
whitish leaf buds stand out in strong contrast to the somber 
brown tints that prevail until the general bursting of buds clothes 
everything with the misty gray-green of early spring, and by 
that time these pioneer flowers are ready to scatter their white 
petals like a belated flurry of snow. The bushes then become 
inconspicuous among the other green shrubbery. 

Fl.—Early April to early May, appearing with the leaves. 
Fr,—Mid-June to mid-July. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 489 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant, Pemberton (NB), Merchant- 


ville, Lindenwold (S), Washington Park, Westville, Tomlin, Woodbury, 
Yorktown. 


Pine Barrens.—Forked River, Woodmansie, Speedwell, Chatsworth, W. 
Plains, Browns Mills,-Bear Swamp (S), Clementon (S$), Cedar Brook, 
Landisville, Hammonton. 


Coast Strip —Cox’s, Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven Crest 
(L), Barnegat City (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City, Palermo; Piermont 
(S), Stone Harbor, Cold Spring (OHB). 


CRATAGUS L. 
Cratzegus crus-galli L. Cockspur Thorn. 
Crategus crus-galli Linneus, Sp. Pl. 476. 1753 [Virginia] —Barton FI. Phila. 
I. 225. 1818—Knieskern 14.—Britton roo. 

Frequent in thickets of the northern counties and southward 
casually along the Delaware, also quite plentiful along the whole 
Coastal strip and up the larger rivers. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June. Fr.—October into November. 

Middle District—Bordentown (C), Pennsgrove: (C), Salem CHB). 


Coast Strip—Holgate’s (L,), Coxe’s, Barnegat (C), Absecon (S), Pleasant 
Mills, Mo. of Batsto, Ocean City (S), Court House. 


Cratzegus pruinosa Wendl. Scarlet Thorn. 
Mespilus pruinosus Wendl., Flora V:7o1. 1823 [North America].—Knies- 
kern 14.—Britton go. 

Frequent in thickets of the northern counties and in the upper 
part of the Middle district, also reported from Mays Landing 
in Britton’s Catalogue under the specific name coccinea. Such 
specimens as have been examined from our district seem nearest 
to pruinosa. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June. Fr.—October into November. 


Middle District—Matawan (C), Arneytown (C), Farmingdale, Mullica 
Hill (H), Mantua (H), New Egypt. 


Cratzegus tomentosa L.* Dwarf Thorn. 


Crategus tomentosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 476. 1753 [Virginia]. 

Crategus unifiora Knieskern 14.—Keller and Brown tot. ; 

Crategus parviflora Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. I. 338. 1814.—Willis 22. Britton 
100. 


* Another species is given by Britton as occurring at Pemberton and Key- 
port which is called C. tomentosus, using the name in its former significance. 
Just what these are I cannot say, as no specimens are extant. 


490 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common in the Middle, Pine Barren and Cape May districts 
and at a few stations in the northern part of the State, but mainly 
within the coastal plain. 

This is the common thorn-bush of the coastal plain region. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June. Fr.—September into October. 


Middle District—Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Florence Hts., Moorestown, 
Medford (S), Locust Grove (S), Washington Park, National Park, Red 
Bank, Griffith's Swamp, Fairton (S), Newfield, Centerton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Atco, Berlin, Cedar Brook, Forked River, Speedwell, 
Quaker Bridge, Forked River, Toms River, Hammonton, Folsom. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring, Bennett, N. England Creek. 


Cratzegus pausiaca Ashe. Pennsylvania Thorn. 


Crategus pausiaca Ashe, Ann. Carnegie Mus. I: 390. 1902. [Alleghany Co., 
Pa.]. 
Probably common northward, but known from our range 
only at Red Bank, Gloucester County. 
Fl.—Mid-May to early June. Fr.—October into November. 


Middle District—Red Bank. 


Family DRUPACEA‘. Peaches, Plums and Cherries. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Outer covering of fruit velvety. [Amygdalus persica]* 
aa. Outer covering of fruit glabrous. 
b. Flowers in umbels or fascicles expanding with or before the leaves. 


a 
c. Fruit, large, stone flattened. 


d. Leaves abruptly acuminate. Prunus americana, p. 49% 
dd. Leaves gradually acuminate. 
e. Leaves glabrous when mature. P. angustifolia, p. 491 


ee, Leaves pubescent below when mature. P. maritima, p. 491 
cc. Fruit smaller, stone globose. 
d. Leaves glabrous, pedicels short, fruit sour. [P. cerasus]+ 
dd. Leaves pubescent beneath, pedicels long, fruit sweet. 
[P. avium]t 
bb. Flowers in racemes terminating branches of the season, stones 
globose. P. serotina, p. 492 


* Peach Tree, occasionally escaping from cultivation, 
+ Sour Cherry, occasionally escaping. 
t Sweet Cherry, frequently escaping. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW. JERSEY. 4QI 


PRUNUS L, 
Prunus americana Marsh. Wild Plum. 
Prunus americana Marshall, Arb. Am. 111. 1785 [Eastern U. S.].—Knieskern 
13.—Willis 19.—Britton or. 
Thickets, usually along streams; frequent in the northern 
counties; occasional southward in the Middle district. 
Fl._—Late April to mid-May, before or with the leaves. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pensauken (S), Kaighns Pt. Albion, 
Mullica Hill, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Bridgeton. 


Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Chickasaw Plum. 
Prunus angustifolia Marshall, Arb. Am. 111. 1785 [Southern States].— 
Keller and Brown 1o2. 
Prunus Chicasa Britton ot. 

This southern species was discovered by Mr. Albert Commons 
on the banks of the Delaware River in loose drifting sands, 
three miles south of Pennsgrove, in Salem County. Dr. Britton 
regards it as ‘‘adventive from the southwest” in his Catalogue, 
but as the species is now known to occur native from Delaware 
to Florida and Texas, its presence here would seem: to be quite 
natural and in line with the distribution of several other Austro- 
riparian species. 

Middle District—Penns Grove (NB). 


Prunus maritima Wang. Beach Plum. 

Prunus maritima Wangenheim, Am. 103. 1781 [Long Island, N. Y.].— 
Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 332. 1814.—Knieskern 13.—Willis 19.—Britton 
oI.—Keller and Brown 102. 

Most plentiful along the dunes and sands of the Coastal strip; 
occasional in the Pine Barrens, usually along the tide water 
streams, and locally on sandy ground in the Middle district. 
Not recorded in New Jersey north of our limits. 

This is the most comimon wild plum of southern New Jersey, 
and its fruit, though not as fine as the larger P. americana, is 
well flavored. The bushes average about three feet in height. 
and sometimes form thickets of considerable size, as about 
Cape May Point. In early spring the feathery white blossoms 
appear before the leaves, but the spikes are not so showy as the 
purer white blossoms of the Chokeberry and Shad-bush. 


492 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


‘Fl.—Late April to early May, before or with the leaves. Fr. 
—Early September to early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Brown’s Mills, Pemberton Jnc. (S$), Med- 
ford, Clementon, Cains Mill. 

Pine Barrens,—Deal (UP), Pleasant Mills, Hammonton (C), Folsom (T). 

Coast Strip.—Sandy Hook, Pt. Pleasant (S), Toms River (S), Seaside 
Park, Waretown, Barnegat City (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Surf City 
(L), Atlantic City, Wildwood, Cape May Pt. (S). 


Prunus serotina Ehrh. Wild Cherry. 


Prunus serotina Ehrhart, Beitr. III. 20. 1788 [North America].—Barton, 
Fl. Phila. I. 222, 1818.—Knieskern 13.—Britton oI. 


Comimon in woods and thickets and along fence rows in the 
Northern, Middle, Coast and Cape May districts. In the Pine 
Barrens it occurs only as an occasional introduction in localities 
long cleared and cultivated. 

The Wild Cherry is one of the most characteristic trees of 
the coastal strip, and both it and the Red Cedar are sure to 
appear wherever we leave the Pine Barrens. 

Fl_—Mid-May to early June, when the leaves are well ex- 
panded. Fr.—tLate July to late August. 


Middle District—Navesink Highlands (UP), Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, 
Fish House, Delaire, Medford (S), Albion, Washington Park, Mickleton, 
Glassboro, Centerton (S). 

Pine Barrens—Landisville (probably introduced). 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Toms River (UP), Surf City (L), Beach 
Haven Terrace (L), Barnegat City (L), Absecon (Bassett), Atlantic City 
(S), Ocean City (S), Five-Mile Beach, Stone Harbor. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cape May Ct. House. 


Family CAESALPINIACEAE. Senna, ete. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Tree with cordate orbicular leaves and pink papilionaceous flowers, sessile 
on the branches, appearing before the leaves. Cercis canadensis, p. 493 
aa. Herbs with pinnate leaves and yellow papilionaceous flowers. 
b. Leaflets linear, 6-20 mm. long. 
c. Flowers 4-8 mm. broad, anthers 5. Cassia nictitans, p. 493 
cc. Flowers 25-40 mm. broad, anthers 10. C. chamecrista, p. 493 
bb. Leaflets ovate, 20-50 mm. long. AG: marilandica, p. 494 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 493 


CERCIS L. 
Cercis canadensis L. Red-bud. Judas Tree. 


Cercis canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 374. 1753 [Virginia],—Britton go. 


Rich woods, usually on hills bordering rivers. Locally on the 
upper Delaware, and at Rocky Hill on the upper Raritan, ac- 
cording to Britton’s Catalogue. Known within our limits only 
from records at Bordentown (H. C. Stokes), and between Cam- 
den and Gloucester (C. F. Parker). These New Jersey stations 
constitute the northern limit of the species east of the Alle- 
ghanies. 

Fl—Late April to mid-May. 

Middle District—Bordentown (C), Between Camden and Gloucester (P). 


CASSIA L. 
Cassia nictitans L. Sensitive Pea. 
Cassia nictitans Linneus, Sp. Pl. 380. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 13.—Brit- 
ton go. 

Open sandy ground; locally in the northern part of the State 
and common throughout the southern portion, except in the 
Pine Barrens, where it seems to have intruded from West 
Jersey. 

This is a characteristic plant of the Middle district, but with 
a strong tendency to become a weed, spreading over railroad 
embankments and in cultivated ground. 

Fl.—tLate July to mid-September. Fr.—Early September to 
late October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Blackwood, Fish House, 
Washington Park, Mickleton. 

Pine Barrens,—Landisville (probably as weed), Malaga (P). 

Coast Strip—Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Ocean City (S), Cold Spring. 


Cassia chamezecrista L. Large-flowered Sensitive Pea. 


Cassia Chamecrista Linneus, Sp. Pl. 379. 1753 [Jamaica, Barbadoes and 
Virginia] —Knieskern 13.—Britton go. 
Distribution and abundance as in the last, of which it is 
essentially a larger edition. 
The foliage is similar, but the very much larger flowers make 
it a much more conspicuous plant. 


494 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Late July to mid-September. Fr.—Early September to 
late October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Birmingham, Mickleton, 
Bridgeport, Paulsboro. 

Coast Strip—Asbury Park (P), Atlantic City (S), Absecon, Piermont, 
Anglesea, Holly Beach, Mays Landing (T). 

Cape May.—Court House, Cold Spring (S), Bennett, Cape May. 


Cassia marilandica L. Wild Senna. 


Cassia Marilandica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 378. 1753 [Virgina and Maryland].— 
Knieskern 13.—Willis 19.—Britton go. 


Frequent in open swamps in the northern counties and south- 
ward locally in the Middle and Coast districts to Cape May. 

Fl.—Early July to late August. F'r.—Late September to late 
October. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Cookstown, Florence, Bordentown, Delair, 
Lindenwold (S), Cooper’s Creek, Camden, Bridgeport, Bridgeboro (C). 

Coast Strip.—Tuckerton, Beesley’s Pt. (S). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Family PAPILIONACE. Peas, Beans, etc. 
Key to the S‘pecies. 


a. Climbing or trailing vines. 
b. Leaves pinnate, with 5~7 leaflets, flowers brownish purple. 
Aptos apios, p. 512 
bb. Leaves 3-foliate. 
c. Flowers large, 25-50 mm. long. 
d. Corolla violet, plant finely rough-pubescent. 
Bradburya virginica, p. 510 
dd. Corolla very pale blue, plant glabrous. 
Chitoria mariana, p. 511 
cc. Flowers less than 20 mm. long. 
d. Few on the end of a very long peduncle. 
e. Leaflets mainly lobed, 20-50 mm. long. Pod 5-8 cm. long. 
Strophostyles helvula, p. 513 
ee. Leaflets mainly entire, 10-40 mm. long. Pod 2-5 cm. long. 
S. umbellata, p. 514 
dd. Numerous, not clustered at the end of a long peduncle. 
e. Leaves broadly ovate, or rhombic ovate. 
f. Flowers white or violet tinted, in short axillary 
racemes or clusters. 
g. Leaflets 25-80 mm. long, plant glabrous or slightly 
pubescent. Falcata comosa, p. 511 
gg. Leaflets often 100 mm. long, plant villose, brown- 
pubescent. F, pitcheri, p. 512 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 495 


ff. Flowers purple in long, slender axillary racemes, 
leaves 50-100 mm. long, plant finely pubescent. 
Phaseolus, p. 513 
ee. Leaves elliptic or oval, 20-40 mm. long, flowers purplish. 
f. Nearly glabrous. Galactia regularis, p. 512 
ff. Finely downy pubescent. G. volubilis, p. 513 
aa, Herbs with pinnate leaves terminating in a tendril. 
b. Flowers 10-50 mm. long. 
c. Stipules foliaceous, seashore plant. Lathyrus maritimus, p. 510 
cc. Stipules half sagittate, inland plants. L. myrtifolius, p. 510 
bb. Flowers 8-13 mm., stipules linear, long auriculate, 
[Vicia tetrasperma]* 
aaa. Herbs or trees, leaves without terminal tendrils. 
b. Leaves digitate, usually 8-ro leaflets, flowers in erect spikes, blue. 
Lupinus perennis, p. 407 
bb. Leaves pinnate, leaflets numerous. 
c. Leaflets less than 12 mm. long, about 4 mm. wide, flowers 
yellow. Aeschynomene, p. 408 
cc. Leaflets 25 mm. or more long. ; 
d. Plant an herb, villose, with silky white hairs, flowers pink 
and white. Cracca virginiana, p. 498 
dd, Plant a shrub, with bristly stems, flowers red purple. 
[Robina hispida]? 
ddd. Plant a tree, with glabrous twigs and white flowers. 
[R. pseudacacia]® 
bbb. Leaves 3-foliate. Herbs, erect or trailing. 
c. Leaflets entire. 
d. Flowers yellow. 
e. Leaflets obovate, plant glabrous,- succulent, 6-12 dm. 
high, in round masses, flowers pale yellow. 
Baptisia tinctoria, p. 406 
ee. Leaflets linear lanceolate, plant usually pubescent, 1.5-6 
dm. high, flowers deep orange. 
Stylosanthes biflora, p. 499 
dd. Flowers pink or pink and white. 
e. Pod 1-2 jointed, not covered by minute hooked hairs. 
Lespedeza, p. 505 
ee. Pod several to many jointed, covered by minute hooked 
hairs. Meibomia, p. 499 
ce. Leaflets minutely toothed (entire in Trifolium pratense). 
d. Flowers in slender spike-like racemes. 
e. Flowers yellow. [Melilotus officinalis]® 
ee. Flowers white. [M. alba]° 


* Wild Vetch. Fields and roadsides, an occasional weed. 

*Clammy Locust. Established in sandy ground at several localities. 

"Locust Tree. Apparently not native in our region, but frequently intro- 
duced about houses and occasionally escaped. 

* Yellow Melilot. Waste ground. 

* White Melilot. Waste ground. 


496 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


dd. Flowers in dense heads or very short racemes, 


e. Flowers bluish purple. [Medicago sativa]" 
ee. Flowers yellow. 
f. Calyx densely pubescent. [M. lupulina]* 


ff. Calyx glabrous. 
g. Corolla striate, sulcate in age. 
h. Leaflets all sessile. 
[Trfolium aureum]* 
hh, Terminal leaflet stalked. 
[T. procumbens]” 


gg. Corolla not striate. [T. dubium]” 
eee. Flowers white or tinged with pink. 
f. Creeping, stoloniferous. [T. repens)” 


ff. Erect or procumbent, not stoloniferous. 
(T. hybridum]” 

eeee. Flowers pink, leaves with light spots above. 
[T. pratense]* 
eeeee. Flowers covered by the gray silky plumes of the 
calyx, forming a dense silky head. [T. arvense]* 

bbbb. Leaves simple, lanceolate, flowers yellow. 

Crotolaria sagittalis, p. 497 


BAPTISIA Ventenat. 
Baptisia tinctoria (L.). Wild Indigo. 
Pl. LXVIIL, Fig. 1. 
Sophora tinctoria Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 373. 1753 [Barbadoes and Virginia]. 
Baptisia tinctoria Knieskern 13.—Britton 80. 

Dry sandy soil throughout the State, especially in open woods. 
and clearings; most plentiful in the Middle district. 

The Wild Indigo is a characteristic plant over most of the 
coastal plain region, forming large, round pillow-like tufts, two 
or three feet high and of equal diameter; conspicuous with its 
yellow flowers and glaucous-green foliage, the latter turning 
black when dried. 


* Alfalfa. Escaped from cultivation or along railroad banks. 

*Nonesuch. Waste ground, resembling yellow clover. 

° Yellow Clover, Hop Clover. The clovers are entirely weeds except the 
white, red and the crimson flowered T. incarnatum, which are cultivated, the 
first two escaping everywhere. 

*Low Hop Clover. 

“Least Hop Clover. 

* White Clover. 

* Alsatian Clover. 

“Red Clover. Pl. LXXI. 

* Rabbit-foot Clover. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 497 


Fl.—Late June to late July. Fr—Early August to early Sep- 
tember. 


Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant (S), New Egypt, 


Arney’s Mt. (S), Camden (P), Locust Grove (S), Lawnside, Albion, 
Sicklerville (S), Dividing Creek. 


Pine Barrens.—Forked River, Landisville, Winslow, Folsom, Hammonton. 
Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cape May (P). 


CROTALARIA L. 
Crotalaria sagittalis L. Rattle-box. 


Crotalaria sagittalis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 714. 1753 [Brazil and Virginia].— 
Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 71. 1818—Knieskern 12.—Britton 80. 

Locally in sandy fields in the northern counties and frequent 
in the’ Middle and Cape May districts. Also becoming a good 
deal of a weed and spreading into the Pine Barrens along rail- 
roads, etc. 

F.—Late June to late August. Fr—Late July to late Septem- 
ber. 

Middle District—Marlboro, Hornerstown, Camden, Medford (S), Mickle- 
ton, Tomlin, Fairton. 


Pine Barrens—Winslow (S), Richland (T), Malaga (P). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


LUPINUS L. 
Lupinus perennis L. Wild Lupine. 
Pl. XXXVIL, Fig. 2. 
Pl. LXTX. 
Lupinus perennis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 721. 1753 [Virginia].—Barton, Fl, Phila. 
II. 71. 1818.—Britton 80.—Keller and Brown 195. 

Open sandy ground and along the edges of woods; occurs at 
a few stations in the northern counties, but mainly a plant of the 
coastal plain and most plentiful in the (Middle district, though 
it is found also in the Pine Barren and Cape May districts. 

The Lupine is one of the mist conspicuous spring flowers 
of West Jersey. It sometimes grows in large beds, its “wheel- 
shaped” leaves closely intermingled, and forming a fine setting’ 
for the brilliant spikes of purplish-blue flowers, the whole color 
scheme being almost a duplicate of the beds of birdfoot violets 
that flourish in similar locations a little earlier in the season. 


32 MUS 


498 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


As in the violet, too, we sometimes find flowers of a lilac hue, 
the form “rosea’ of Britton’s Catalogue. 

Fi—Early May to early June. Fr—Early June to early 
July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Burlington, 
Browns Mills, Birmingham, Camden, Washington Park, Mickleton, Glass- 
boro (S), Millville (S). 

Pine Barrens—Clementon, Cedar Brook, Inskip, Landisville, Folsom, 


Mays Landing (NB), Tuckahoe. 
Cape May.—Seaville (S). 


CRACCA L. 
Cracca virginiana L. Goat’s Rue. Cat-gut. 


Cracca virginiana, Linneus, Sp. Pl. 752. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Tephrosia virginiana Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 84. 1818—Knieskern 12— 
Britton 82. 

Open sandy ground and edges of woods; apparently more 
widely distributed in the northern counties, but within our limits 
an exact counterpart of the Lupine in distribution and abundance, 
often growing in close association with it. Its pink and yellow 
flowers are quite as handsome individually, but are not so con- 
spicuous as the blue standards of the Lupine. 

Fl.—Early June to early July. Fr—Early August to early 
September. 

Middle District—Shark River, New Egypt, Locust Grove, Lindenwold, 
Clementon (5), Albion, Sicklerville (S), Lawnside (S), Gloucester’ Pt., 
Sewell (S), Glassboro (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire (S), Forked River, E. and W. Plains, Whitings, 
Lakehurst, Tabernacle, Cedar Brook, Williamstown Jnc., Winslow Jnc., 
Landisville, Egg Harbor City. 

Cape May.—Court House (OHHB), Cape May (OHB). 


AESCHYNOMENE L. 

Aeschynomene virginica (L.). Sensitive Joint Vetch. 
Hedysarum Virginicum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 750. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Aeschynomene hispida Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 80. 1818. 

Aeschynomene Virginica Britton 83.—Keller and Brown 199. 

A southern plant which follows up the shore of the lower 
Delaware River, occurring locally as far as Bridgeport, formerly 
to Kaighns Pt., Camden, according to Barton. 

Fl. and Fr.—August and September at least. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 499 


Middle District —Kaighns Pt. (C), Center Square (KB), Bridgeport (H), 
Swedesboro, Salem (NB). 


STYLOSANTHES Swartz. 
Stylosanthes biflora (L.).. Pencil-flower. 
Pl. LXVIII., Fig. 2. 
Wrifolium biflora Linneus Sp. Pl. 773. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Stylosanthes elatior Barton Fl. Phila. II. 75. 1818—Britton 84. 

Open sandy ground, edges of woods, etc.; occasional in the 
northern counties, but most common on the coastal plain, espe- 
cially in the \Middle district, though it occurs also in the Pine 
Barrens and Cape May peninsula. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-September. Fr—Early August to 
early October. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Prospertown, Burlington, Florence Heights, 
Riverton, Poke Hill (NB), Camden, Woodbury, Lindenwold, Swedesboro, 
Mickleton (NB), Husted (S), Fairton (S$). 

Pine Barrens.—Berlin, Quaker Bridge (S), Newtonville, Egg Harbor City, 


Mays Landing (S), Tuckahoe (S$). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


MEIBOMIA Adanson. 


a: Pod not indented along the upper edge, but deeply constricted or notched 
from the lower edge; raised on a slender pedicel from the calyx. 
b. Flower panicle arising independently from the base of the plant. 
Meibomia nudiflora, p. 500 
bb. Flower panicle terminal. 


c. Leaves crowded at its base. M. grandiflora, p. 500 
cc. Leaves scattered along the stem. M. pauciflora, p. 501 

aa. Pod constricted on both margins, more deeply below. ' 
b. Plant trailing, leaflets orbicular. M. michaucii, p. 501 


bb. Plant not trailing. 
c. Leaves sessile or nearly so, leaflets linear or lanceolate, 20-80 mm. 


long. M. sessilifolia, p. 501 
cc. Leaves petioled. 
d. Leaflets narrowly linear. M. stricta, p. 501 


dd. Leaflets broader. 
é. Joints of the pods decidedly longer than broad. 
f. Leaflets obtuse, rough, yellowish green. 
M, canescens, p. 502 
ff. Leaflets acuminate, glabrous, glaucous beneath. 
M. bracteosa, p. 502 
ee. Joints but little longer than broad. 
f. Pod distinctly raised in the calyx on a short stalk. 


500 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


g. Plants glabrous. 
h. Leaflets lanceolate. M. paniculata, p. 502 
hh. Leaflets ovate or oval, glaucous beneath. 
M. levigata, p. 503 
gg. Plants pubescent. 
h. Leaflets velvety-pubescent beneath. 
M. viridiflora, p. 503 
hh. Leaflets appressed-pubescent beneath. 
M. dillenii, p. 503 
ff. Pod sessile in the calyx or practically so, segments 
short and rounded. 
g. Segments 4-7, flowers showy. M. canadensis, p. 504 
gg. Segments 1-3, flowers small. 
h. Leaflets scabrous, 20-50 mm. long. 
M. rigida, p. 504 
hh. Leaflets not scabrous, 10-20 mm. long. 
i. Plant nearly glabrous. M. marilandica, p. 505 
ui. Plant with stem pubescent. M. obtusa, p. 505 


MEIBOMIA Heister. 
Meibomia nudifiora (L.). Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil. 


Hedysarum nudiflorum Linnezus, Sp. Pl. 749. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Desmodium nudiflorum Knieskern 12—Britton 84. 

Common in dry woods of the northern counties and less fre- 
quent southward in the Middle district and on the Cape May 
peninsula. 

Fl.—Early July to late September. Fr.—Mid-August to early 
October.. ‘ 

Middle District—New Egypt, Arney’s Mt. (S), Middletown (Kn), Locust 
Grove (S), Haddonfield (S), Oaklyn (S), Camden (P), Tomlin (S), Mick- 


leton (H), Swedesboro, Bridgeton. 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Bennett, Cape May (OHB). 


Meibomia grandiflora (Walt.). Pointed-leaved Tick-trefoil. 


Hedysarum grandiflora Walter Fl. Car. 185. 1788 [S. Carolina]. 
Desmodium grandiflorum Britton 84. 

Dry woods; common in the northern counties, less common in 
the Middle district, becoming rare within our limits. 

Fl.—Early July to late July. Fr.—Early August to late Sep- 
tember. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Swedesboro. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 501 


Meibomia pauciflora (Nutt.). Few-flowered Tick-trefoil. 
Hedysarum pauciflorum Nuttall, Gen. 2: 109. 1818 [Ohio and Kentucky]. 


Rare in the Middle district, only known from New Egypt, 
where it was collected by Mr. J. H. Grove, July 24, 1906. 
Flowers and immature fruit July 24. 


Middle District—New Egypt. 


Meibomia michauxii Vail. Trailing Tick-trefoil. 
Meibomia Michauxti Vail, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXIII. 140. 1896, n. n. for 
Hedysarum rotundifolium Mich. (nee Vahl) [Carolina]. 
Desmodium rotundifolium Knieskern 12—Willis 18.—Britton 84. 
Frequent in the dry woods of the northern counties, occasional 
southward in the Middle, Pine Barren and Cape May districts. 
Our only trailing species. 
Fl.—Late July to early September. Fr.—Late August to 
early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Sicklerville, Mickleton (C), Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens.—Pen Bryn (S), Ancora, Absecon, Landisville. 
Cape May.—Goshen (S). 


Meibomia sessilifolia (Torr.). Sessile-leaved Tick-trefoil. 
Hedysarum sessilifolium Torrey in Curtis Bost. Jour. N. H. I. 122, 1834 [Wil- 
mington, N. C.]. 

Sandy, open ground at Hammonton, where it was first col- 
lected by the writer on September 13, 1903. The only known 
locality in the State and the northern limit of the species, except 
the lower Susquehanna Valley in Pennsylvania. 


Pine Barrens——Hammonton. 


Meibomia stricta (Pursh.). Stiff Tick-trefoil. 


Hedysarum strictum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 483, 1814 [Pine woods, N. J.].— 
Nuttall Gen. II. 109. 1818—Barton Fi. Phila. II. 79. 1818. 

Desmodium strictum Knieskern 12.—Willis 18—Britton 85. 

Meibomia stricta Keller and Brown 200. 


Dry sandy woods; rather rare and local and mainly confined 
to the Pine Barrens, although it occurs sporadically in West 
Jersey. This region constitutes its northern limit. This is one 
of the most distinctive Pine Barren species of Meibomia, easily 
recognized by its very slender leaves, small flowers and few seg- 
ments to the pods. It grows in abundance along the roads, 
running parallel to the Egg Harbor River, below Mays Landing. 


502 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Late July to early September. Fr—Late August and 
early October (both approximate). 


Middle District—Ashland, Mullica Hill, Woodbury (C), Bridgeton (NB). 
Pine Barrens—Malaga (S), Hospitality Branch (T), Quaker Bridge (S), 
Mays Landing (S), Manumuskin (S). 


Meibomia canescens (L.). Hoary Tick-trefoil. 
Hedysarum canescens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 748. 1753 [Virginia and Jamaica]. 
Desmodium canescens Britton 84. 

Dry ground; not very common. A few stations in the northern 
counties, and within our limits confined to the Middle district 
and lower part of the Cape May peninsula. 

Fl.—tLate July to early September. Fr—Late August to 
early October. 


Middle District—Pemberton Jnc., Medford (S), Fish Honse, Delair, 
Gloucester (P), Swedesboro, Salem (S$). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Meibomia bracteosa (Michx.). Large-bracted Tick-trefoil. 


Hedysarum bracteosa Michaux, FI. Bor. Am. II. 73. 1803 [Virginia and Caro- 
lina Mts.]. 
Desmodium cuspidatum Britton 85. 
Meibomia bracteosa Keller and Brown, 200. 
Thickets and wood edges; rather common in the northern 
counties, but very rare within our limits. 
Fl.—Late July to early September. Fr.—lLate August to 
early October. é 


Middle District—Mickleton (C), Swedesboro. 


Meibomia paniculata (L.). Panicled Tick-trefoil. 


Hedysarum. paniculata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 749. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Desmodium paniculatum Knieskern 12.—Britton 85. 
Meibomia paniculata Keller and Brown 200. 

Common in dry woods throughout the State, except in the 
Pine Barrens, where it occurs only in the vicinity of the larger 
streams which it has followed up in company with other species 
of the Coastal strip. 

F].—Late July to early September. Fr.—lLate August to early 
October. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 503 


Middle District—New Egypt, Vincentown (NB), Hartford, Camden (P), 


args Springdale (S), Locust Grove (S$), Tomlin, Swedesboro, Dividing 
reek, 


Coast Strip—Ocean Grove (P), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City, Mays 
Landing (S), Five-Mile Beach. 
Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (S). 


Meibomia lzevigata (Nutt.). Smooth Tick-trefoil. 


Hedysarum levigatum Nuttall Gen. II. 109. 1818 [Forest of N. J.J. 
Desmodium levigatum Knieskern 12——Willis 18.—Britton 8s. 
Meibomia levigata Keller and Brown 200. 

Dry sandy woods; confined to the Middle and Cape May 
districts, not very common, does not seem to occur north of the 
coastal plain to any extent. © 

Fl.—Early August to early September. Fr.—Early Septem- 
ber to early October. 

Middle District—Ocean Co. (Kn), Crosswicks, Medford (S), Tomlin, 


Mickleton, Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Dennisville (S). 


Meibomia viridiflora (L.). Velvet-leaved Tick-trefoil. 


Hedysarum viridiflorum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 748. 1753 [Virginia] —Pursh, Fl. 
Am. Sept. II. 482. 

Desmodium viridiforum Britton 85. 

Meibomia viridifiora Keller and Brown 200. 

Dry sandy thickets and edges of woods; practically restricted 
to the Middle district, and apparently does not-range north of 
the coastal plain in New Jersey. Nowhere common. Easily 
recognized by its large leaves, densely velvety pubescent beneath. 
_ Fl.—Late July to early September. Fr.—Late August to early 
October. 

Middle Distyct—Hainesport, Vincentown (NB), Spring Garden (C), 


Medford (S), Locust Grove (S), Tomlinson’s (NB), Mickleton (H), York- 
town, Millville.* 


Pine Barrens. —Landisville, 


Meibomia dillenii Darl. Dillen’s Tick-trefoil. 


Demodium Dillenii Darlington, Fl. Cestr..414. 1837 [Chester Co, Pa.].— 
Knieskern 12.—Willis 18.—Britton 85. 


*The record for Swedesboro (KB) proves to be M. dillenii. 


304 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Open woods and thickets; more or less common throughout 
the State, least abundant in the Pine Barrens, where it may be 
a recent intrusion. Not yet reported from Cape May. 

Fi.—Late July to early September. Fr.—Late August to early 
October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House (S), Riverton, Medford (8), 
Swedesboro. 


Pine Barrens.—Four miles east Hammonton (S), Landisville. 
Coast Strip.—Five-Mile Beach (OHB). 


Meibomia canadensis (L.). Showy Tick-trefoil. 


Hedysarum canadense Linneus, Sp. Pl. 748. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Desmodium Canadense Knieskern 12.—Britton 85. 

Common along the borders of swamps and streams in the 
northern counties, but largely a weed in our limits. If native at 
all, only in the upper part of the Middle district, especially along 
the Delaware River, elsewhere generally found along railroad 
embankments. 


Fl.—Mid-June to late August, and occasionally during autumn. 
Fr—Mid-July to late September. 


Middle District Bordentown (P), New Egypt, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Ash- 
land, Washington Park. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville (IT), Woodbine (both apparently introduced 
along railroads). 

Coast Strip.—Manahawkin. 


Meibomia rigida (Ell.). Rigid Tick-trefoil. 


Hedysarum rigidum Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga. II. 215. 1824 [S. Carolina]. 
Desmodium rigidum Britton 86. 
Meibomia rigida Keller and Brown 2o1. 


Dry sandy woods; a few stations in the northern counties, but 
most plentiful in the southern part of the State, especially in the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late July to early September. Fr.—Late August to early 
October. 

Middle District—Springdale (S), Lawnside (S), Woodbury. 

Pine Barrens—Manahawkin, Quaker Bridge (S), Pen Bryn (S), Albion, 
Hammonton, Mays Landing (S), Weymouth (T), Egg Harbor City, Wood- 


hine, Tuckahoe (S). 
Cape May.—Dias Creek (S), Bennett, Cape May (OHB). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN: NEW JERSEY. 50s 


Meibomia marylandica (L.). Smooth Small-leaved Tick-trefoil. 
Hedysarum marilandicum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 748. 1753 [Carolina and Vir- 
ginia]. ; 
Desmodium marylandicum Knieskern 12—Britton 36. 


Diry sandy woods throughout our region and at a few stations 
in the northern counties. 


Fl—Early August to early September. Fr.—Early Septem- 
ber to early October. 


Middle District—Lawnside (S), Washington Park (S), Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens.—Manahawkin, Landisville, Egg Harbor City. 
Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Cold Spring (OHB), Bennett. 


Meibomia obtusa (Muhl.). Hairy Small-leaved Tick-trefoil. 


Hedysarum obtusum Muhlenberg in Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 1190. 1803 
[Pennsylvania]. 

Hedysarum ciliare Nuttall, Gen. II. 109. 1818.—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 79. 1818. 

Desmodium ciliare Knieskern 12,—Willis 18.—Britton 86. 


Distribution exactly as in the last, but apparently the more 
common of the two. They really seem to be little more than 
glabrous and pubescent forms of the same thing. These two 
small, round, leaved Meibomias, with M. rigida, are the most 
generally distributed species in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl—tLate July to early September. F'r.—lLate August to 
early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Medford, Griffith’s Swamp, Clementon, Tom- 
lin (S), Mickleton, Dividing Creek (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Albion, Landisville (T), Eighth St. (T), E. of Hammonton 
(S), Quaker Bridge (S), Mays Landing (S), Woodbine, Tuckahoe (S$). 

Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cape May, Cape May Pt. 


LESPEDEZA Michaux. 


a. Stipules subulate, calyx lobes narrow. 

b. Small, apetalous, pistillate flowers, in addition to the usual larger 
violet purple blossoms, the former in small sessile clusters, or the two 
kinds intermingled. 

c. Petaliferous flowers 1-6, on filiform peduncles, usually 2-4 times as 
long as the subtending leaves. 
d. Stem trailing, downy, with short, spreading hairs. 
Lespedeza procumbens, p. 506 
dd. Stem glabrate or slightly appressed—pubescent. 
e. Stems trailing, stipules 2-4.5 mm. L. repens, p. 506 
ec, Stems upright, stipules 5-8 mm. L. violacea, p. 507 
cc. Petaliferous flowers few or many, peduncles stouter, some of them 
shorter than the leaves. 


506 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


d. Many of the peduncles elongated. L. nuttallii, p. 507 
dd. Few, if any of them, exceeding the leaves. 
e. Leaflets densely downy, pubescent. L. stuvei, p. 507 
ee. Leaflets glabrate. 
f. Leaflets linear or linear oblong. -L. virginica, p. 508: 
ff. Leaflets oval or oblong. L. frutescens, p. 508 


bb. Flowers all alike, in close heads, petals white or cream color, with a 
purple spot. : 
c. Leaflets oblong to orbicular. 
d. Peduncles exceeding the leaves. 


e. Leaflets oval or sub-orbicular. L. hirta, p. 508 

ee. Leaflets narrowly oblong. L. oblongifolia, p. 509 

dd. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. L. capitata, p. 509 

cc. Leaflets linear or linear oblong. L,. angustifolia, p. 509 

aa. Stipules ovate, calyx lobes broad, a low annual. [L. striata]* 


Lespedeza repens (L.). Creeping Bush-clover. 

Hedysarum repens Linnezus, Sp. Pl. 749. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Lespedeza repens Barton FI. Phila. II. 77. 1818—Knieskern 12.—Britton 86. 

Dry sandy woods and banks; more or less common through- 
out the State, least so in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Early August to late September; sporadically during 
June and July. Fr.—Early September to mid-October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Florence, Griffth’s Swamp, Sicklerville, Mul- 
lica Hill, Swedesboro, Bridgeton. 

Pine Barrens.—Whitings (S), Tuckahoe (S), Landisville. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Somers Pt., Palermo, Ocean City (S). 


Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Court House (S), Anglesea Jnc. (S), Ben- 
nett, Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May (S). 


Lespedeza procumbens Michx. Trailing Bush-clover. 


Lespedeza procumbens Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 70. 1803 [Virginia and 
Carolina].—Barton Fl. Phila. II. 77. 1818—Knieskern 12.—Britton 86. 

Dry sandy woods and banks, not nearly so common as the 
preceding; apparently restricted to the Middle, Coast and Cape 
May districts. 

These two trailing Lespedezas differ only in matter of pubes- 
cence, just as do the two Meibomuas veferred to above. Whether 
in these genera a difference of this sort is of specific value may 
be open to question. 

Fl_—Early August to late September. Fr.—Early September 
to mid-October. 


* Asiatic Bush-clover. Introduced at Wildwood, etc. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 507 


Middle District—Tomlin. 
Coast Strip.—Manahawkin. 
Cape May—Seaville (S), Bennett, Town Bank (OHB). 


Lespedeza nuttallii Darl. Nuttall’s Bush-clover. 
Lespedeza Nuttallii Darlington, Fl. Cestr. 420. 1837 [Mica Hills of Chester 
Co., Pa.]. 

Rather common in dry sandy ground in the Middle, Cape 
May and Coast districts, and possibly in the northern counties. 

Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. Fr.—Probably early 
September into October. Fruit apparently infrequent. 

Middle District —Lindenwold, Clementon. 


Coast Strip.—Newtonville, Landisville, Mays Landing (S). 
Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Seaville (S), Bennett (S), Cold Spring. 


Lespedeza violacea (L.). Stalked Bush-clover. 
Hedysarum violacea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 749. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Lespedeza violacea Britton 86. 

A very scarce plant within our limits, if it occurs at all; 
possibly more abundant northward. Many of the references 
are based upon the preceding, and one specimen from Riddleton, 
although said to be upright, is so close to L. repens that I can- 
not satisfactorily separate it. 


Lespedeza stuvei Nutt. Downy Bush-clover. 
Lespedeza Stuvei Nuttall, Gen. II. 107. 1818 [Sandy fields N. J.] —Willis 18.— 
Britton 86. 

Sandy ground along the edges of woods and thickets; not 
very common, occurring in the Middle and Pine Barren districts. 
Reported also at several stations in the northern counties. 

Full flower August 28, 1892, at Egg Harbor City. 

Middle District—Asbury Park (NB), Sea Girt (C). 

Lawnside (S), Springdale (S). 
Pine Barrens.—Forked River (McKenzie), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe 


(S), Spring Garden (C). 
Cape May.—Bennett (S). 


Lespedeza stuvei neglecta Britton. Narrow-leaved Downy Bush-clover. 


Lespedeza Stuvei neglecta Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club V. 206. 1804. n. n. 
for L. St. angustifolia Britt. (nec Elliott) [New Jersey]—Keller and 
Brown aor. 


508 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Dry sandy ground in the lower Cape May peninsula. The 
plant might be quite as correctly regarded as a hairy form 
of L. virginica, so far as I can see. 


Cape May.—Court House (S), Bennett. 


Lespedeza frutescens (L.). Wand-like Bush-clover. 
Pl. LXX., Fig. 1. 
Hedysarum frutescens Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 748. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Lespedeza reticulata Nutt. Gen. II. 107. 1818.—Britton 86. 
Lespedeza sessilifora Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 75. 1818. 

Dry sandy ground of the coastal plain, common throughout 
our region and.at a few stations just north of our limits. 

Fl_—Mid-August to mid-September. Fr.—Early September 
to early October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Locust Grove (S), Springdale (S), Orchard 
(S), Lindenwold (S), Washington Park (S$), Swedesboro, Bridgeton. 

Pine Barrens.—Jones Mill (S), Whiting’s (S), Albion, Williamstown Jnc. 
(S), Cedar Brook, Malaga (S), Landisville, Pleasant Mills (S), Egg Har- 
bor City, Mays Landing (S). 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Atlantic City (S). 

Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Anglesea Jnc. (S), Bennett (S), Cape May 
(OHB). 

Lespedeza virginica (L.). Slender Bush-clover. 
Medicago virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 778. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Lespedeza reticulata var. angustifolia Britton 86. 
Lespedeza virginica Keller and Brown 202. 
Common throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, 
where it seems to be rare or lately introduced. 

Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. Fr.—Early September 
to early October. 

Middle District—Burlington, Birmingham (NB), Medford (S), Spring- 
dale (S), Oaklyn (S), Griffith's Swamp, Blackwood, Mullica Hill, Swedes- 
boro, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Newfield, Landisville, Tuckahoe (S). 

Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Cape May Pt. 


Lespedeza hirta (L.). Hairy Bush-clover. 


Pl. LXX., Fig. 2. 


Hedysarum hirta Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 748. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Lespedeza hirta Knieskern 12.—Britton 87. 


Dry sandy woods; several localities in the northern counties 
and common throughout our region. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN; NEW JERSEY. 509 


Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. Fr.—Early September 
to early October. 

Middle District—Medford (S), Griffith’s Swamp, ‘Washington Park (S), 
Tomlin. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Manchester (NB), Whitings, Clementon 


(S), Albion, Penbryn (S), Cedar Brook, Landisville, Hammonton, Egg Har- 
bor City, Tuckahoe (S). 


Coast Strip—Waretown, Manahawkin, Atlantic City (S). 
Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cape May (OHB). 


Lespedeza oblongifolia (Britton). Brinton’s Bush-clover. 
Lespedeza hirta oblongifolia Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. XII. 66. 1893 
[Egg Harbor City, N. J.]. 

Restricted to the Pine Barren region; not common. ‘The type 
specimen was collected by Dr. J. Bernard Brinton,* at Egg Har- 
bor City, but there is a specimen in the herbarium of the Phila- 
delphia Academy obtained in the Pines, September 4, 1832, by 
Torrey. 

Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. Fr—Early September 
to early October. 


Pine Barrens.—Jones Mill (S), Quaker Bridge, Bear Swamp (S), Egg 
Harbor City. 


Lespedeza capitata Michx. Round-headed Bush-clover. 


Lespedeza capitata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 71. 1803 [Virginia and 
Carolina].—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 76. 1818—Knieskern 12,—Keller and 
Brown 202. 

Lespedeza frutescens Britton 87. 


Dry soil; common throughout the State. 
Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. Fr.—Early September 
to early October. 


Middle District Farmingdale (NB), New Egypt, Burlington (NB), Fisk 
House (S), Delaire, Springdale (S), Orchard (S), Blackwood, Lawnside’ 
(S), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Buena Vista, Mays Landing (S), Tuckahoe (S). 

Coast Strip—iWaretown, Manahawkin, Harvey Cedars (L), N. Beach 
Haven (L), Tucker’s (L,), Barrel Island (L), Ocean City (8), Palermo, 
Sea Isle Jnc. (S), Piermont, Five-Mile Beach. 

Cape May—Cold Spring (S), Bennett, Cape May (OHB). 


* 1835-1894. For a number of years the leader of the active field botanists 
of Philadelphia. Founder and president of the Philadelphia Botanical Club. 
cf. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XXII, pp. 93-97. 


510 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh.). Narrow-leaved Bush-clover. 


Lespedeza capitata var. angustifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 480. 1814 [N. Y. 
to Carolina].— Willis 18, 
Lespedeza angustifolia Britton 87.—Keller and Brown 202. 


Frequent in dry sandy soil in the Pine Barrens and Cape May 
region and at several stations in the Middle district, but not 
known in the State to the north of our limits. 

Fl.—E arly August to early September. Fr.—Late August to 
late September. 

Middle District—Lawnside (S), Woodbury (KB), Mickleton (NB). 

Pine Barrens,—Forked River (NB), Chatsworth, Bear Swamp (S$), Wil- 
liamstown Jnc., Winslow Jnc., Landisville, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, 
Mays Landing (NB), Tuckahoe (S). 

Coast Strip—Ocean City (S). 

Cape May.—Dennisville, Cold Spring (S), Bennett. 

LATHYRUS L. 
Lathyrus maritimus (L.). Beach Pea. 


Pisum maritimum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 727. 1753 [Europe]. 
Lathyrus maritimus Willis 19—Britton 88.—Keller and Brown 203. 


Sea beaches on the northern half of the coast, but not recorded 
south of New Inlet, Great Bay. 
Fl.—Late May to late June, sporadically into July. 
Maritime.—Sandy Hook, Belmar, Sea Bright (C), Ocean Beach (NB), 
Pt. Pleasant (Mackenzie), Toms River (KB), Seaside Park (C), Beach 
Haven (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Spray Beach (L), West Creek. 
Lathyrus myrtifolius Muhl. Myrtle-leaved Marsh Vetch. 


Lathyrus myrtifolius Muhlenberg in Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III.  rogr. 1803 
[Pennsylvania].—Keller and Brown 204. 
Lathyrus palustris var. myrtifolius Britton 88. 


Very rare within our range. The records of L. palustris from 
within our limits are doubtless this. 
Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July, probably. 
Middle District—Kaighns Pt, Mantua Creek (KB), Camden Co. on the 
Delaware (NB), Merchantville (KB), Swedesboro (KB). : 
BRADBURYA Rafinesque. 
Bradburya virginiana (L.). Spurred Butterfly Pea. 


Clitora virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 753. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Bradburya virginiana Keller and Brown 204. 


Sandy ground; rare, discovered at Anglesea by Dr. J. Bernard 
Brinton about 1889, and at Swedesboro by Mr. Charles D. 
Lippincott, July 31, 1892. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. — s11 


Fl.—Early July to mid-August. Fr—Early September to 
mid-October, 


Middle District —Swedesboro. 
Coast Strip.—Anglesea. 


CLITORIA L. 
Clitoria mariana L. Butterfly Pea. 
Chioria mariana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 753. 1753 [N. America]—Knieskern 13. 

—Willis 19.—Britton 89.—Keller and Brown 204. 

Dry sandy ground; confined to the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May districts, except for one station in Hudson Co. Rare and 
local. 

The earliest record is a specimen in the Torrey Herbarium 
collected by Gray in 1833 (Britton’s Catalogue). In 1888 Dr. 
Britton stated that it had not recently been collected, there being 
but two definite localities, Toms River, where Dr. Knieskern had 
collected it prior to 1856, and Little Snake Hill, Hudson Co., 
where Mr. W. H. Leggett obtained it in 1871. Since then Mr. 
Jos. Crawford found it at Hammonton, August 17, 1892. Mr. 
C. A. Gross collected it near Landisville. Mr. O. H. Brown dis- 
covered it north of Cape May, and Dr. J. W. Eckfeldt and a 
party of the Philadelphia Botanical Club collected it above Cape 
May Court House. 

Fl.—Mid-July to mid-August. Fr.—Mid-August to mid- 
September. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (Kn), Hammonton, Landisville (T). 

Cape May—Court House, Cape May (OHB). 

FALCATA Gmelin. 
Falcata comosa (L.). Wild Pea-nut. 


Glycine comosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 754. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Amphicarpea comosa Britton 89. 


Common throughout the northern counties and down the Coast 
strip, occasional in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Late July to early September. Fr—Mid-September to 
mid-October. 


Middle District.—Lindenwold. 
Coast Strip-——Manahawkin, North Wildwood (OHB), Anglesea Jnc., Cape 


May (OHB). 


512 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Falcata pitcheri (Torrey and Gray). Pitcher’s Wild Pea-nut. 
Amphicarpea Pitchert Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. A. I. 292. 1838 [Red River, 
Arkansas]. 

Frequent in the Middle and Cape May districts. 

The hairy form of this plant, with much larger leaves, which 
I take to be F’. pitcheri, is apparently more common than the 
glabrous one within our limits, but I have not material to deter- 
mine their relative abundance in the northern part of the State. 

Fl.—tLate July to early September. F'r.—Mid-September to 
mid-October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Delair, Medford (S), Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


APIOS Moench. 
Apios apios (L.). Ground Nut. 
Pl. LXXII., Fig. 2. 


Glycine Apios Linneus, Sp. Pl. 753. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Apios tuberosus Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 82. 1818—Knieskern 12.,—Britton 89. 


Common in swamps and moist thickets throughout the State. 


Fl.—Early July to late August. F’r.—Early September, prob- 
ably into October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton Jnc. (S), .Vincentown (NB), 
Medford (S), Hartford, Delair, Cooper’s Creek, Tomlin, Mickleton, Sharps- 
town, Swedesboro, Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.——Bear Swamp (S), Albion, Williamstown Jnc. Atco, Win- 
slow (S), Landisville (T), Buena Vista (IT), Hammonton, Weymouth (NB). 

Coast Strip—Toms River (S), Manahawkin, Surf City (L), Atlantic City 
(S), Anglesea, Wildwood (UP). 

Cape May.—Sluice Creek (S), Goshen, Court House, Cold Spring. 


GALACTIA P. Browne. 


Galactia regularis (L.). Milk Pea. 


Dolichos regularis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 726. 1753 [Virginia]. 

Galactia glabella Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 487.—Nuttall Gen. II. 117. 1818. 
—Barton, Fl. Phila. Il. 83. 1818—Knieskern 13.—Willis 10. 

Galactia regularis Britton 89.—Keller and Brown 204. 


Frequent in open sandy ground throughout our region, but 
not farther north in the State. 


Fl.—Early July to mid-August. Fr—Mid-August to late 
September (or into October). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 513 


Middle District—Florence Hts., Ewansville (NB), Prospertown, Linden- 
wold, Atco (C), Kaighns Pt. Gloucester Pt, Berkeley (NB), Mickleton, 
Williamstown, Iona (S), Millville. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Waretown, Whitings, Chatsworth, Atsion, 
Bear Swamp (S), Chairville, Berlin, Albion, Sumner, Landisville, Pleasant 
Mills (NB), Mays Landing. 

Cape May—Town Bank (OHB). 


Galactia volubilis (L.). Downy Milk Pea. 
Hedysarum volubile Linnzus, Sp. 750. 1753 [N. America]. 


Lower Cape May region in similar situations to the last, differ- 
ing from it in pubescence much as the two Meibomias and Les- 
pedezas discussed above. 

Flowering and fruiting apparently somewhat later than the 
last. 


Cape May District—Bennett, Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May. 


PHASEOLUS L. 
Phaseolus polystachios (L.). Wild Bean. 
Dolichos polystachios Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 726. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Phaseolus polystachyos Britton 89.—Keller and Brown 205. 

In thickets ; rare and local in West Jersey and at three stations 
just north of our region, also on the lower coastal islands. Mr. 
C. S. Williamson informs me that it formerly grew at Asbury 
Park. . 

Fl_—Early July to early September. Fr.—Early August to 
early October. 


Middle District—Swedesboro (CDL), Mullica Hill (NB). 
Coast Strip—Piermont (S), Wildwood. 


STROPHOSTYLES Elliott. 
Strophostyles helvula (L.). Trailing Wild Bean. 


Phaseolus helwulus Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 724. 1753 [Carolina]—Knieskera 12. 
Willis 19.—Britton go. 

Strophostyles helvola Keller and Brown 205. 

Phaseolus trilobus Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 82. 1818. 

Open sandy ground; common in the Middle and Coastal 
districts, occurring at a few stations in the coastal plain north of 
our boundary. 

Fl.—Late July to late September. Fr.—Late August to late 
October. 

33 MUS 


514 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Cookstown, Delaire, Fish House (S), Kaighns Pt., Cam- 
den, Medford (S), Haddonfield, Oaklyn (S), Glassboro, Pennsgrove, Swedes- 
boro. 

Coast Strip—Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Sea 
Isle City (S), Sea Isle Jnc. (S), Tuckahoe (S). 

Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl.). Pink Wild Bean. 
Pl. LXXIL, Fig. 1. 
Glycine umbellata Muhlenberg in Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 1058. 1803 [Penn- 
sylvania]. 
Phaseolus peduncularis Barton, Fl. Phila. IT. 81. 1818. 
Phaseolus diversifolius Knieskern 12.—Willis 19.—Britton 90.—Keller and 

Brown 205. 

Frequent in the Middle and Coastal districts, with only one 
record north of our region. Casually introduced in the Pine 
Barrens. 

Fl—tLate July to mid-September. F'r.—Late August to mid- 
October. 

Middle District Farmingdale (NB), Blackwood, Cedar Lake, Landisville, 
Woodstown (NB), Bridgeton. 

Coast Strip—sSt. Albans (L), Ship Bottom (L), Spray Beach (L), 


Palermo, Sea Isle Jnc. (S), Five-Mile Beach. 
Cape May—Cape May Ct. House (S), Cape May (S). 


Order GERANIALES. 


Family GERANIACEAS. Geraniums. 
Key. to the Species. 


a 


a. Leaves pinnate, flowers purple. [Erodium cicutarium]* 
aa. Leaves ralmately divided. 
b. Flowers white. Geranium carolinianum, p. 515 
bb. Flowers rose purple. 
c. Petals over 10 mm. long. G. maculatum, p. 515 


cc. Petals about 10 mm. long, twice as long as the sepals. 
G. robertianum, p. 515 
ccc. Petals less than 10 mm. long, not twice the length of the sepals. 


d. Pedicels 30-6o mm. long. [G. columbinum]t 
dd. Pedicels 8-15 mm. long. 
e. Fertile part of carpel pubescent. [G. pusillum]t 
ee. Fertile part of carpel glabrous. [G. molle]§ 


* Stork’s Bill, an occasional weed in waste places, etc. 

t Long-stalked Geranium; this and the two following are more or less 
frequent weeds in lawns, sandy fields and waste ground. 

+ Small-flowered Geranium. 

§ Dovesfoot Geranium. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY, 515 


GERANIUM L. 
Geranium maculatum L. Wild Geranium. 
Geranium maculatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 681. 1753 [Carolina and Virginia] — 
Knieskern 10.—Britton 72. 

Common in woods of the northern counties and frequent in 
the Middle district and the southern part of the Cape May penin- 
sula. 

Fl.—Late April to early June. Fr.—lLate May to early July. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Vincentown 
.(C), Birmingham, Bordentown, Kinkora, Medford (S), Lindenwold (S), 
Sewell (S), Glassboro, Woodbury, Gloucester, Mickleton (A), Swedesboro. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Geranium robertianum L. Herb Robert. 


Geranium robertianum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 681. 1753 [Europe]—Britton 72. 
—Keller and Brown 206. 

Frequent in wet rocky places in the. northern counties and 
southward on the coast from Sandy Hook to Wildwood, wher- 
ever there are woods close to the beach. 

The occurrence of this delicate little plant, which recalls the 
moist rocks and dells of the mountains, on the wooded island 
beaches of our southern coast is one of the curiosities of distri- 
bution, especially since it occurs nowhere else in southern New 
Jersey. As evidence that it is not mere chance, we have asso- 
ciated with it Aquilegia canadensis, Vagnera stellata and other 
species of like range. 

Fl.—Late May to late October. Fr—Late June to late No- 
vember. ; 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Ventnor (H), Piermont, Wildwood. 


Geranium carolinianum L. Carolina Geranium. 


Geranium carolinianum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 682. 1753 [Carolina and Virginia]. — 
Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 63. 1818—Knieskern 10—Britton 72. 
Open sandy ground throughout the State, but most common 
in the Middle district, which seems tc be the true home of the 
species. Its tendency to become a weed certainly accounts for 


* The record for Vineland, published by Keller and Brown, on authority of 
Miss Millie Abbott, is almost certainly one of the introduced species common 
in that vicinity. 


516 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


the few Pine Barren records, and possibly for those north of the 
coastal plain. 
Fl.—Early May to early June. Fr.—Early June to late June. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Beverly, Medford (S), Camden, Washington 
Park, Gloucester. 


Pine Barrens—Landisville (T), Pleasant Mills. 
Coast Strip—Beach Haven (L). 


Family OXALIDACE!. Wood Sorrels. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers violet. Oxalis violacea, p. 516 
aa. Flowers yellow. 
b. Peduncles mostly 2-flowered, pedicels appressed-pubescent, depressed 


in fruit. 

c. Stem with closely appressed short hairs. O. stricta, p. 516 

cc. Stem with loose spreading wooly pubescence. O. filipes, p. 516 
bb. Peduncles mostly several flowered, pedicels ascending, their pubescence 

sparse, spreading. O. cymosa, p. 517 


< 


OXALIS L. 
Oxalis violacea L. Violet Wood Sorrel. 


Oxalis violacea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 434. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Knies- 
kern 10.—Britton 73. 


Frequent in moist woods of the northern counties; rare and 
local southward in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Early May to early June. Fr.—Not seen, apparently 
rare. 

Middle Distrct.—Shark River (Kn), Squan (Kn), Pemberton (NB), 
Swedesboro, Bridgeton (S). 

Cape May.—Cape May. 

Oxalis stricta L. Yellow Wood Sorrel. 

Oxalis stricta Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 435. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Oxalis corniculata var. stricta Britton 73. 

Common throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late April apparently into September. Fr—Late May 
apparently into October. 


Middle District—Medford (S), Woodbury, Lindenwold, Millville. 

Coast Strip—Beach Haven (L,), Barnegat City Jnc. (L,), Tuckahoe, Stone 
Harbor. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring. 


Oxalis filipes Small. Slender Yellow Wood Sorrel. 


Oxalis filipes Small, Britton and Brown, Ill, Flora. II. 346 [Virginia to 
Georgia]. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 517 


Common in the Middle district. O. brittone, to which our 
plant is referrable, does not seem distinct. 

‘Fl—Early May to early July. Fr—Early June to early 
August (apparently). 

Middle District—New Egypt, Kinkora, Delaire. 


Oxalis cymosa Small. Tall Yellow Wood Sorrel. 


Oxalis cymosa Small, Bull. Torr. Club XXIII. 267. 1806 [Ontario to Gulf 
of Mexico]. 


Frequent in the Middle and Coast districts. 
Fl—tLate May to late September. Fr.—Late June well into 
autumn. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Albion, Oaklyn (S), Riddleton. 
Coast Strip.—Surf City (L). 


Family LINACE#. Flax. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers blue, 12-16 mm. broad. [Linum usitatissimum]* 
aa. Flowers yellow, 6-8 mm. broad. 
b. Stem nearly terete, corymbosely branched, only the lowest leaves 
opposite. a 
c. Leaves thin, oblong or lanceolate, spreading. L. virginianum, p. 517 
cc. Leaves firm, appressed, ascending. 
d. Capsule depressed globose, 2 mm. high. JL. medium, p. 518 


dd. Capsule ovoid, 3 mm. high. L. floridanum, p. 518 

bb. Stem angled, racemosely branched, leaves below the branches mostly 

opposite. L. striatum, p. 518 
LINUM L. 


Linum virginianum L. Wild Flax. 


Linum virginianum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 279. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsylvania]. 
—Knieskern 10.—Britton 71. 


Dry sandy woods of the northern counties, and rarely south- 
ward in the ‘Middle district. 

FIl—Mid-June to early August. Fr—Mid-July to late 
August. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Mickleton. 
Pine Barrens.—Pasadena (in cultivated ground, probably introduced). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


* Flax, an occasional weed in fields and waste places. 


518 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Linum medium (Planch.). Stiff Yellow Flax. 


Linum virginianum var. medium Planchon, Lond. Jour. Bot. VIT. 480. 1848 
[Canada, lacus Huron, prob. S. E. Ontario]. 
Linum medium Keller and Brown 208. 

Common in sandy, woods throughout our region, but probably 
not north of the Coastal plain, especially abundant along the 
Coastal district. 

Fl.—tLate June to late August. Fr—Mid-July to mid-Sep- 
tember. | 

Middle District—New Egypt, Swedesboro, Yorktown. 

Pine Barrens —Hammonton, Egg Harbor City. 

Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant, Manahawkin, West Creek (S), Barnegat City 
(L), Spray Beach (L), Absecon (Bassett), Longport, Ocean City (S), 
Palermo (S), Piermont (S), Stone Harbor, Anglesea, Wildwood (UP), 
Cold Spring, Cape May (S). 

Linum floridanum (Planch.). Florida Yellow Flax. 
Linum Virginianum var. Floridanum Planchon, Lond. Jour. Bot. VII. 480. 
1848 [Florida]. 

Dry ground in the Pine Barrens and coast strip; rather fre- 
quent. 

Fl.—Late June to late August. Fr.—Mid-July to mid-Sep- 
tember. 

Pine Barrens.—Winslow Jnc. (S), Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Tiucka- 
hoe (S). 

Coast Strip.—West Creek (S), Cape May Ct. House (S), Cold Spring (S). 

Linum striatum Walt. Ridged Yellow Flax. 
Linum striatum Walter, Fl. Cor. 118. 1788 [So. Carolina] —Willis 14— 
Britton 71.—Keller and Brown 208. 

Frequent in swampy ground throughout the State. 

Fl.—Late June to mid-August. Fr.—Late July to early Sep- 
tember. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Lindenwold, Camden, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Chatsworth (S), Atsion (S), Braddocks Mill (S). 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Tuckerton, West Creek, Petersburg (S), Wild- 
wood. 

Cape May.—Cape May Ct. House (S$), Cape May. 


Family RUTACEA. Prickly Ash, ete. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Branches prickly, leaves 5-11 pennate. Zanthoxylum, p. 519 
aa. Branches not prickly, leaves 3-foliate. Ptelea, p. 519 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 519 


ZANTHOXYLUM L. 
Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. Prickly Ash. 


Zantholoxylum americanum Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8. No. 2. 1768 {South 
Carolina]. 


Xanthoxylon Americanum Britton 74——Keller and Brown 209. 

Locally common in the northern counties, but very rare in 
our region; reported but once within our limits—Freehold, on 
authority of Willis. 


PTELEA L, 
Ptelea trifoliata L. Three-leaved Hop Tree. 
Ptelea trifoliata Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 118. 1753 [Virginia]—Britton 74. 


Woodlands in the Delaware Valley; rare. Found on Ridge’s 
Island, Hunterdon County, and on the banks of Crosswick’s 
Creek, both in Mercer County, by C. C. Abbott (Britton’s 
Catalogue) and Burlington by A. C. Apgar, who collected a speci- 
men near Bordentown, which is now in the N. J. Geological 
Survey herbarium at New Brunswick. This tree has almost 
precisely the samle distribution as the Judas, both of them south- 
ern species, which find their northern limit in these river valleys, 
but which cannot establish themselves below the head of tide- 
water, probably on account of the lack of steep, wooded banks. 

Fl.—lLate May to mid-June. Fr.—September to October. 

Middle District—Bordentown (NB). 


Family POL|YGALACEA. Milkworts. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers in spikes or spike-like racemes at the summit of the stem or its 
branches. 
b. Basal leaves spatulate, flowers orange yellow. Polygala lutea, p. 520 
bb. Basal leaves inconspicuous or wanting, flowers not yellow. 
c. Leaves, some at least verticillate. 
d. Spikes 4-6 mm. thick. 
e. Most of the leaves in whorls, flowers greenish white. 
P. verticillata, p. 522 
ee. Most of the leaves’ alternate, only the lowest in whorls, 
flowers usually slightly pink tinted. P. ambigua, p. 522 
dd. Spikes 8-18 mm. thick. 
é. Spikes sessile or nearly so, wings deltoid, flowers purple 


or greenish white. P. cruciata, p. 521 
ee. Spikes peduncled, leaves less regularly verticillate, wings 
lanceolate ovate, flowers purple. P. brevifolia, p. 521 


cc. Leaves all alternate. 


520 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


d. Petals united into a cleft tube 6-8 mm. long, pinkish. 
P. incarnata, p. 522 
dd. Petals not united into a tube. 
e. Spikes ovoid or globose. 
f. Bracts persistent, after the falling of the rose purple 
or greenish flowers. P. viridescens, p. 523 
ff. Bracts deciduous, flowers rose pink. P. mariana, p. 523 
ee. Spikes narrow, cylindrical. 
f. Leaves oblanceolate to linear, 4-12 mm. long, flowers 
greenish, more or less tinged with purple. 
P. nuttallit, p. 523 
ff. Leaves lanceolate, 25-50 mm. long, flowers white or 
tinged with green. P. senega, p. 524 
aa. Flowers rose pink, in a slender raceme, pedicels distinct, numerous 
cleistogamous flowers on root-like subterranean branches. 
P. polygama, p. 524 
aaa, Flowers 1-4, large purple (14-20 mm. long), apparently terminal, leaves 
ovate or oblong (20-40 mm). P. paucifolia, p. 525 
POLYGALA L. 
Polygala lutea L. Orange Milkwort. 
Pl. LXXVII. 
Polygala lutea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 705. 1753 [Virginia]—Nuttall Gen. II. 88. 
1818.—Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. 465. 1814.—Barton Fl. Phila. II. 69. 1818.— 
Knieskern 11.—Willis 17.—Britton 58—Keller and Brown ato. 


Common in moist sandy places in the Pine Barrens, and locally 
in swamps in the Middle and Cape May districts. Not recorded 
in the State north of our region. 

This is one of the showiest plants of the Pine Barrens, one 
of those that render the region so strikingly different from the 
uplands beyond the fall line. I well remember my first visit to 
the Pines, when the low moist spots were all dotted with the 
brilliant heads’ of the Polygala, with here and there stalks of 
white fringed orchis, and the small orange fringed orchis, so 
like the Polygala in color, with Xyris and Eriocaulon, and a 
host of other things hitherto unknown. The mosquitos and 
heat were nothing, when such a natural flower garden lay before 
one’s eyes, and the poor flora of my upland pastures seemed to 
sink into insignificance beside such riches. 

When cut off by the scythe, as they frequently are on the 
broad strips that are cleared away on each side of the railroad 
as a protection against fire, they send up new shoots or branches, 
which bloom late in the autumn. 

Fl._—Mid-June to mid-October. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 521 


Middle Dtstrict—Shark River, New Egypt, Burlington, Pemberton (C), 
New Lisbon (C), Lindenwold, Lawnside (S), Tomlin, Mickleton, Swedes- 
boro, Elmer (P), Dividing Creek, Haleyville (P). 

Pine Barrens—Long Branch, Forked River, Toms River, Allaire, Island 
Hts. (NY), Manchester (NY), Tuckerton, Jones Mill (S), Speedwell (S), 
Chatsworth, Atco, Jackson, Clementon, Bear Swamp, Braddocks Mill, Kenii- 
worth (S), Albion, Andrews, Folsam, Landisville, Vineland (S$), Hammonton, 
Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (NJ). 

Cape May—Court House (S), Dias Creek (S), Whitesboro (S), Cold 
Spring (S), Cape May (P). 


Polygala cruciata L. Cross-leaved Milkwort. 


Pl. LXXIII. 


Polygala cruciata Linneus Sp. Pl. 706. 1753 [Virginia]_—Knieskern 11.— 
Willis 17W—Britton 59.—Keller and Brown 21o. 


Common in damp ground in the Pine Barrens and locally in 
the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts, occurring at a few 
stations north of our limits, but all within the coastal plain. 

This, and the smaller P. muttalli, are the most widely and uni- 
formally distributed species of Polygala; occurring everywhere 
throughout the New Jersey coastal plain, where conditions are 
favorable, even down to the very edge of the salt meadows. 

While usually about the color of red clover, which it some- 
what resembles as we see it scattered about among the grass and 
sedges, Polygala cruciata is sometimes entirely greenish, a con- 
dition that is more familiar in P. viridescens, in which the two 
color phases were originally described as different species. 


Fl.—Late July to early October. 

Middle District—Long Branch, Ocean Beach (NJ), New Egypt, Orchard 
(S), Griffith’s Swamps, Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Island Hts. Jnc., Forked River, Waretown, 
West Creek, Coxe’s, Plains, Woodmansie, Speedwell, Parkdale, Bear Swamp, 
Williamstown Jnc., Winslow Jnc., Winslow (S), Twelfth St, Folsom, 
Hammonton, Batsto, Egg Harbor City, Absecon, Palermo (S), Petersburg 
(S), Tuckahoe (S), Ocean City Jnc., Woodbine. 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Barnegat City (L). 

Cape May.—Green Creek, Cold Spring (S), Bennett (S). 


Polygala brevifolia Nutt.. Short-leaved Milkwort. 


Pl. LXXVI. Fig. 1. 


Polygala brevifolia Nuttall Gen. II. 89. 1818 [Sandy swamps of New Jersey]. 
—Willis 17—Britton 59.—Keller and Brown to. 


Commion in moist ground in the Pine Barren district, but 
found elsewhere only in Secaucus Swamp, Hudson County, and 


322 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


one or two stations in West Jersey, all of them outlying ‘Pine 


Barren islands.” 

Fl.—Mid-July to mid-October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Ashland. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Forked River, Waretown, Pasadena, Barnegat 
(S), West Creek (S), Lakehurst, Plains, Bamber, Cedar Bridge, Chatsworth, 
Jones Mill- (S), Speedwell, Whitings, Hanover, Woodmansie, Pemberton 
(KB), Bear Swamp, Winslow (P), Atsion, Parkdale, Sumner (S), Williams- 
town Jnc., Mouth of Batsto, Absecon, Pancoast (S), Egg Harbor City, 
Lucaston, Batsto, Quaker Bridge, Pleasant Mills, Hammonton, Weymouth, 


Mays Landing (NB). 
Polygala verticillata L. Whorled Milkwort. 
Pl. LXXIV. Fig. 3. 
Polygala verticillata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 706. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 11.— 
Britton 59. 

Dr. Britton gives this species as common in dry soil through- 
out the State.. In the southern half, however, it seems to pe 
mainly restricted to the Coastal strip and the coast of Delaware 
Bay, where it occurs close to the edge of the salt marshes in 
damp sandy ground. 

Two records from the Pine Barrens are from cultivated 
ground and apparently introduced. 

Fl.—Late June to mid-October. 

Middle District—Camden (P), Clementon. 

Pine Barrens—Winslow Jnc., Landisville (T). 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Ship Bottom (L), Surf City (L), St. Albans 
(L), Atlantic City, Longport, Piermont (S), Stone Harbor, Anglesea, Cape 
May, Cape May Ct. House, Cold Spring (S), Cape May, Dias Creek, Haley* 
ville (NB). 

Polygala ambigua Nutt. Loose-spiked Milkwort. 
Pl. LXXIV. Fig. 1. 
Polygala ambigua Nuttall Gen. IJ. 89. 1818 [New Jersey and Virginia].— 
Knieskern 12. 1856. 

Rare and local in the Middle district and Pine Barrens; ap- 
parently introduced in the latter. 

Fl.—tate June to mid-October. 


Middle District —Kinkora (NY). 
Pine Barrens—Williamstown Jnc. (A), Hammonton (A). 


Polygala incarnata L. Pink Milkwort. 


Pl. UXXV. Fig. 1. 


Polygala incarnata Linneus, Sp. Pl. yor. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. IJ. 464.—Willis 17—Britton 58—Keller and Brown: 
210. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 523 


Sandy ground; restricted to the lower part of the Middle dis- 
trict; not commion. 
Fl—Late June to mid-September. 


Middle District—Haddonfield, Griffith's Swp. (P), Clarksboro, Mickleton 
(H), Swedesboro, Bridgeton. 


Polygala viridescens L. Purple Milkwort. 
Pl. LXXVIII. Fig. 2. 


Polygala viridescens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 705. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Polygala purpurea Barton, Fl. Phila. II, 69. 1818. 
Polygala sanguinea Knieskern 11.—Britton 509. 

Moist sandy ground; at two stations in the northern counties; 
common in the upper part of the Middle district, becoming less 
frequent southward, and occasional in the Coastal and Cape 
May districts. 

Flowers sometimes quite green, with scarcely a trace of pink. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-October. 

Middle District—Allaire (S), Farmingdale, Deal, Brindletown, Pemberton, 
(NB), Hartford, Haddonfield, Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, Mickleton, Swedes- 
boro, Riddleton. 

Pine Barrens —Oak Road Station near Landisville. 


Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Bayhead (NB), Manahawkin. 
Cape May.—Green Creek. 


Polygala mariana Mill. Maryland Milkwort. 


Pl. LXXVII. Fig. 1. 


Polygala Mariana Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. VIII. No. 6. 1768 [Maryland].— 
Keller and Brown 21o. 
Polygala fastigiata Nuttall, Gen. II. 89. 1818 [New Jersey]—Knieskern 11-— 
Britton 59. 
Sandy ground, rare and local; confined to the Pine Barren and 
Cape May districts. 
Fl.—tate June to early October. 
Pine Barrens—Allaire, Berlin, Woodbine. 
Cape May.—Below Court House, Green Creek, Bennett.* 


Polygala nuttallii Torr. & Gray. Nuttall’s Milkwort. 


Pl. LXXIV. Fig. 2 


Polygala Nuttallii Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. A. I. 670. 1840, n. n. for P. 
sanguinea Nuttall (nec L.) [Pine Barrens of N. J.].—Britton 59. 


* The record for Swedesboro in Keller and Brown’s list proves to be P. 
viridescens, that for Hammonton cannot be verified. 


524 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Polygala sanguinea Nuttall Gen. II]. 88. 1818—Barton Fl. Phila. II. 70.— 
Willis 17. 

Open swampy ground or wet sandy places; common through- 
out our district and in that portion of the country to the north 
that lies in the ‘Middle district. Apparently does not extend 
north of the coastal plain. ‘Most plentiful in the Pine Barrens. 

This is our commonest small Polygala, and as universally 
distributed through the Pine Barrens as P. lutea. Nuttall, who 
discovered it and was clearly aware of its distinctness, mistook 
it for the P. samguinea of Linnzeus, which was merely the pink 
form of P. viridescens, so Torrey and Gray fittingly honored 
the memory of the discoverer by naming it after him. Few 
botanists were better acquainted with the Pine Barren flora than 
Thomas Nuttall, and it is well to have his name associated with 
it in this plant, Lobelia Nuttallit, etc. His type specimens, with 
their small, closely-written labels, and all new species marked 
with a star, are still preserved in the herbarium of the Philadel- 
phia Academy, where he worked for many years. 

Fl.—Early July to mid-October. 

Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale, Medford, Lindenwold, Sickler- 
ville (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Forked River, Whitings, Bear Swamp (S), Brad- 
docks Mill, Taunton, Speedwell (S), Clementon, Williamstown Jnc., Landis- 
ville, Hammonton (S$), Pleasant Mills, Pancoast, Absecon (S), Egg Harbor 
City, Woodbine, Belleplain (S), “Pine Cottage.” 

Coast Strip—Long Branch (C), Spring Lake (NB), Pt. Pleasant, Beach 


Haven (L), Anglesea. 
Cape May.—Court House, Green Creek (S), Dias Creek (S), Whitesboro. 


Polygala senega L. Seneca Snake-root. 
Polygala Senega Linneus, Sp. Pl. 704. 1753 [Virginia, Pennsylvania and 
Maryland].—Britton 509. 

Probably extinct. Formerly occured in New Jersey in the 
vicinity of New York City, according to Torrey, and at Griffith’s 
Swamp, [Lawnside] Camden County, according to Charles E. 
Smith (Britton’s Catalogue). 


Polygala polygama Walt. Racemed Milkwort. 
Pl. LXXV., Fig. 2. 


Polygala polygama Walter, Fl. Car. 179. 1788 [S. Carolina].—Knieskern 12. 
—Britton 60.—Keller and Brown art. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 525 


Dry sandy ground at several stations in the northern counties 
and locally common in the upper part of the Middle district; rare 
in the Pine Barrens. 


Fl.—Early June to late July, or occasionally later. 


Pine Barrens.—Williamstown Jnc., Cedar Brook, Winslow Jnc., Folsom, 
Hammonton. ' 

Middle District—Deal, Sea Bright (NB), Manasquan, Pt. Pleasant, Bay 
Head (NY), Sicklerville (S), Williamstown, Newfield, Franklinville (P), 
Clementon, Centerton (S), Forest Grove (S), Riddleton. 


Polygala paucifolia Willd. Flowering Wintergreen. Gay-Wings. 
Pl. LXXVI., Fig. 2. 


Polygala paucifolia Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 880. 1800 [Pennsylvania].— 
Willis 17.—Britton 59.—Keller and Brown 211. 


Rich woods of the northern counties; very rare within our 
limits and reported from but one station—at Freehold, Mon- 
mouth County—on authority of Mr. O. R. Willis (Britton’s 
Catalogue). 

Fl.—Early May to mid-May, probably. 


Family EUPHORBIAICE. Spurges, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers not surrounded by a corolla-like involucre, but with a true calyx. 
b. Plants wiry (1-5 dm. high), silvery-scurfy, leaves mostly linear lanceo- 
late, flowers minute in clusters, staminate with petals, pistillate with- 
out, calyx 5-parted. Crotonopsis linearis, p. 526 
bb. Plants green, branching, leaves ovate to lanceolate, flowers minute in 
spikes or clusters, which are nearly equalled or exceeded by a leaf- 
like lobed bract. 
c. Leaves ovate, spikes mostly shorter than the bract. 
Acalypha virginica, p. 526 
cc. Leaves lanceolate or linear, spikes longer than the bract. 
Acalypha gracilens, p. 527 
aa. Flowers minute, fertile one in the center, consisting of three styles; sterile 
ones around it, consisting of a single stamen each, involucre resembling a 
calyx or corolla, with glands at the sinuses, which are sometimes provided 
with petal-like appendages; fertile flowers exserted in fruit. 
b. Glands with petal-like appendages. 
c. Leaves opposite. 
d. Leaves entire, glabrous, prostrate. E. polygonifolia, p. 527 
dd. Leaves serrate or dentate. 
e. Plant prostrate, pubescent or puberulent. FE. maculata, p. 527 
ee. Plant upright glabrous. E. preslit, p. 527 


526 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


cc. Leaves alternate, flowers in a terminal umbel, appendages showy, 
white. E. corollata, p. 528 
bb. Glands without petal-like appendages. 
c. Leaves mostly opposite, plant prostrate, flowers appearing before 
the leaves. 
d. Segments of involucre small, green; plant low. 
E. tpecacuanhe, p. 528 
dd. Segments of involucre enlarged, white; plant erect. 
E. arundelana, p. 529 
cc. Leaves alternate or scattered, plant 4-15 decimeters tall, flowers in 
a terminal umbel. E. darlingtonii, p. 529 


CROTONOPSIS Michaux. 
Crotonopsis linearis Michx. Crotonopsis. 

Crotonopsis linearis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 186. pl. 46. 1803.—[Long 
Bay, Carolina and Illinois]_—Nuttall, Gen. IT. 209. 1818—Knieskern 
27.—Willis 54.—Britton 215.—Keller and Brown 211. 

In dry sandy woods; rather rare and local. Restricteu to 
the Pine Barrens and a few localities in West Jersey. 

A curious little plant, which in its slender wiry leaves and 
branches remind one somewhat of Anychia, but it is grayish all 
over with a peculiar silvery sheen, which distinguishes it at once. 

Fl. and Fr.—August and September, apparently. 

Middle District—Kirkwood, Ashland, Lindenwold, Taunton, Woodbury 


(P). 
Pine Barrens—Manchester (C),: Southwark (S), Atsion (Leeds), Ham- 
monton (KB), Pleasant Mills, Batsto. 


ACALYPHA L. 
Acalypha virginica L. Three-seeded Mercury.* 


Acalypha virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1003. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 27. 


Fields and woods, usually in damp situations; common in the 
northern counties and less common southward in the Middle, 
Coast and Cape May districts. Distinctly a weed in many places. 

Fl.—Probably early July into September. Fr—August into 
October (apparently). 

Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Hartford, Oaklyn, Lawnside, 
Swedesboro, Salem (S), Beaver Dam. 


Coast Strip —Cox’s. 
Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


*The southern A. ostryefolia is reported from Princeton, Trenton and 
Closter (Britton’s Catalogue), but has not been collected within our limits. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 527 


Acalypha gracilens A. Gray. Slender Three-seeded Mercury. 


Acalypha gracilens A. Gray, Man. 408. 1848 [New Jersey].—Knieskern 27. 
Acalypha virginica var. gracilens Britton 215. 


Fields and woods in dryer ground; occasional northward, but 
frequent in the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts. A weed 
in most places, and as such sparingly introduced into the Pine 
Barrens. 

Fl. and Fr.—Apparently as in the last. 


Middle District—Springdale (S), Clarksboro, Mickleton (H), Salem 
(8). 

Pine Barrens.—Newtonville, Landisville (T), Pleasant Mills. 

Coast Strip—Waretown, Surf City (L). 

Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 

EUPHORBIA L. 
Euphorbia polygonifolia L. Seaside Spurge. 
Euphorbia polygonifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 455. 1753 [Canada and Virginia].— 
Knieskern 27.—Willis 54——Britton 214.—Keller and Brown 212. 

Sea beaches; common along the entire coast and for some 
distance along the bay side of Cape ‘May. The Camden record, 
given on Martindale’s authority, is probably a ballast plant. 

Fr.—Early August into October. 

Maritime-—Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Pt. Pleasant, Waretown, St. 
Alban’s (L), Spray Beach (L), Island Hts. Jnc., Brigantine, Atlantic City 
(S), Ocean City (S), Stone Harbor (S), Wildwood, Cape May, Cape 
May Pt. (S). 

Euphorbia maculata L. Spotted Spurge. 
Euphorbia maculata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 455. 1753 [N. Amer.].—Britton 214. 

Dry ground in the Northern, Middle and Coast districts, ap- 
parently everywhere a weed. 

Fr.—tLate July into October. 

Middle District—Bloomsbury, Lawnside (S), Clementon (S), Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip.—N. Beach Haven (L), Peahala (L), St. Alban’s (L), Ship 
Bottom (L). 

Euphorbia preslii Guss. Upright Spurge. 
Euphorbia preslit Gussone, Fl. Sic. Prodr. I. 539. 1827 [ ].* 
Euphorbia hypericifolia Barton, Fl. Phila. I]. 185. 1818—Knieskern 27.— 
Britton 214. 


Frequent in fields, etc., in the Northern and Middle districts; 
everywhere a weed. 

Fr.—tLate July into October. 

Middle District—Swedesboro, New Egypt. 


* This is the only reference that I have been unable to verify. 


528 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge. 


Euphorbia corollata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 459. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Knieskern 27.—Willis 54.—Britton 214. 
Dry ground; occasional just north of our limits and southward 
in the Middle and Coastal districts. Apparently in part a weed. 
Fl.—Early June to early September. 
Middle District —Blue Ball (NB), Red Bank (NB), Cooper’s Creek, Tom- 
lin, Mickleton, Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant (S), Petersburg (OHB). 
Cape May.—Rio Grande (OHB). 


Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. Wild Ipecac. 


Euphorbia ipecacuanhe Linneus, Sp. Pl. 455. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 185. 1818—Knieskern 27.—Willis 54. 

Common in sand in the Pine Barrens and occasional in sandy 
spots of the Middle district including its extension north of 
our boundary and in the Cape May peninsula. 

This is another of the characteristic plants of the Pine Barrens, 
delighting in the most arid stretches of white sand. Its tufts 
of yellow blossoms, which appear before the foliage, and later 
its rosettes of somewhat fleshy leaves, will be found to spring 
from a cluster of slender stems, which unite as we dig down- 
ward until they finally coalesce into one stout root. How far 
it descends I have never been able to ascertain, though I have 
followed several for three feet into the sand, at which point they 
showed no sign of diminishing in thickness. Both leaves and 
stems are full of the milky juice characteristic of the genus. 
The leaves vary greatly in both size and color, some are linear 
and others broadly oval 5.5 x 3 cm. with all possible intermediates, 
while all styles occur either green or deep crimson. ‘The varia- 
tions are not correllated with any conditions of environment, so 
far as one can see, extremes growing side by side in perfectly 
uniform surroundings. 

Fl.—Late April to late May. Fr.—Late May to late June. 

Middle District—New Egypt (NB), Medford (S), Locust Grove (S$), 
Lindenwold (S), Camden, Washington Park, Westville, Woodbury, Mantua, 


East of Sewell (S), Sicklerville (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Yorktown, T’wo 
miles west Bridgeton (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSRY. 529 


Pine Barrens.—Farmingdale, Toms River, Forked River, Waretown, Daven- 
port, East and west Plains, Head of Batsto (S), Browns Mills, Folsom, Ham- 
monton (Bassett), Pancoast (NB) Mays Landing (NB), Newfield (S), 
Ocean City Jnc., Palermo. 


Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 

Euphorbia arundelana Bartlett. Bartlett’s Spurge. 
Euphorbia arundelana Bartlett, Rhodora XIII. 164. i911 [Laurel, Ann 
Arundel Co., Md.]. 

Ai specimen collected by Mr. Chas. D. Lippincott at Swedes- 
boro, N. J., May 27th, 1894, is obviously referable to this recently 
described species. 

Middle District—Swedesboro. 


Euphorbia darlingtonii Gray. Darlington’s Spurge.* 


Euphorbia Darlingtonii Gray, Man. 404. 1848 [Chester Co., Pa-].—Keller 
and Brown 213. 


Very rare in woods in the lower Middle district. Unknown 
in the State until collected near Woodstown, June 15, 1895, by 
Mr. Charles D. Lippincott. 

Mature fruit June 15. 

Middle District Woodstown. 


Family CALLITRICHACEA!. Water-starworts. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Fruit short-peduncled, bracts wanting, terrestrial. C. austini, p. 520 

aa. Fruit sessile, aquatic or with terrestrial forms gowing on mud, bracts 
present. 

b. Fruit oval, longer than the styles. C. palustris 

bb. Fruit obovate, shorter than the styles. C. heterophylla, p. 530 


The flowers are very small and inconspicuous, consisting of 
a single stamen or pistil. ‘They begin to bloom in late spring. 
Taxonomic characters are based on the fruit. 


CALLITRICHE L. 
Callitriche austini Engelm. Austin’s Water Starwort. 


Callitriche Austini Engelmann, Gray’s Man. Ed. V. 428. 1867 [New Jersey]. 
—Britton 106. 
Damp shady soil at several stations in the northern counties 


and Middle district ; rare and local. 


*Named for its discoverer, William Darlington (1782-1863), of West 
Chester, Pa. author of the classic Flora Cestrica. 


34. MUS 


530 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fruit—Well developed June 15, 1895—Riddleton. 
Middle District—Riddleton. 


Callitriche heterophylla Pursh. Larger Water Starwort. 


Callitriche heterophylla Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 3. 1814 [N. America].—Barton, 
Fl. Phila. I. 2. 1818.—Britton 106. 


In streams and ponds; frequent in the Northern and Middle 
districts. 

Variable in form and habit. Specimens from: our range that 
have been referred to C. palustris prove to be this, so far as I 
have been able to examine them. 

Fruit—Well developed, but not necessarily mature; late May 
into October. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delanco, Swedesboro, Clemen- 
ton (S), Pitman, Riddleton. 


Order SAPINDALES. 


Family EMPETRACE. Crowberries. 
COREMA Don. 
Corema conradii (Torr.). Conrad’s Crowberry. 


Pl. LXXIX. 

Empetrum Conradii Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. ¥Y. IV. 83- 1837 [Pine Barrens, 
near Cedar Bridge, Monmouth Co., N. J., also Pemberton Mills, 10 miles 
from Burlington, N. J.]. 

Corema Conradii Willis 54.—Britton 228—Keller and Brown 214.—Redfield, 
Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1869, 91-92—do.—Redfield, Bull. Torr. Bot Ciub, 
1884, 97.—do. 1889, 193-195.—Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, 1884, 117.—do. 
1889, 195—Saunders, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1900, 544——Stone, Bartonia 
1910, 26. 

At several stations on the Plains or their borders in Ocean 
and Burlington Counties, also formerly at Pemberton, where 
it is now apparently extinct. 

This interesting plant, which here reaches the southern limit 
of its range,* has attracted more attention among botanists than 
any other member of the Pine Barren flora, unless it be Schizea 
pusilla. It is an inhabitant of those desolate stretches of white 


sand barrens which cover the most elevated portion of the Pine 


* Prof. Fernald (Rhodora, 1911, p. 139) regards it as a Coastal Plain plant, 
pushing north to Newfoundland. I have always looked upon it as a northern 
species ranging south to New Jersey! 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 531 


Barren region, stretching away for some thirty square miles, for 
the most part devoid of trees higher than one’s knees. But trees 
there are in abundance, round boles of pitch pine trunks, which 
send out prostrate branches, or short upright ones, bearing an 
abundance of cones; and scrub oaks of several species—Q. ilici- 
folia and marilandica—everywhere stunted. Here and there 
the Bearberry Arctostaphylos trails about over the coarse white 
sand and gravel, and then at favored spots are great round 
cushions of the Corema, one to three feet in diameter, the basal 
portion a tangle of brown stems and dead branches, but the 
surface of the mass, covered with fresh green leaves—iittle 
slender green needles recalling those of some conifer—and at 
the tip of each spray a blossom or fruit, according to season; 
neither of them very conspicuous, although the purple anthers 
do stand ott rather brightly when the plant is in full bloom. 

The history of the discovery and re-discovery of the plant 
in New Jersey is interesting, and I quote in full that portion of 
an article of Mr. J. ‘H. Redfield, which refers to the plant in our 
State.* Mr. Redfield says: 

“It is said to have been first discovered by Prof. Solomon W. 
Conrad} as early as 1831 near Pemberton Mills, about ten miles 
from) Burlington, N. J., and a fragment so ticketed (with 
a ?) is in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy. Soon 
after Rafinesque collected it at Cedar Bridge, Monmouth 
County, about twenty-two miles southeast of Pemberton. This 
locality was visited about 1833 by Dr. Torrey, who published 
the first description of the plant under the name of Empetrum. 
Conradii, in Annals of N. Y. Lyceum of Nat. Hist., iv., 83. In 
April, 1869, in company with the late Charles F. Parker, I 
made some examination of the vicinity of Pemberton, and also 
visited Cedar Bridge in search of the plant. The encroach- 
ment of cultivation near the former place discouraged search, 
but at Cedar Bridge the localities which Dr. Torrey in his 
paper has so carefully indicated, were readily identified. But 
no trace of the plant was seen either at these points or elsewhere 


* Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 1884, p..97. 
+ 1779-1831. A botanist of note, professor at the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, 1829-1831, and an authority on the flora of Southern New Jersey. 


532 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


during a search of some hours. Dr. Torrey described it as 
growing in a few patches “in the pure white sand of that region.” 
These places, as I now remember them, were quite bare of vege- 
tation at that early spring season, but the prevailing tree growth 
of all that region is a very stunted form of Pinus rigida. At 
the time of Rafinesque’s and Torrey’s visits, Cedar Bridge was an 
inn for the accommodation of the limited summer travel of 
that period by stage-coach between Philadelphia and Barnegat 
Bay. Now, alas! an occasional clam-wagon is the only visitant, 
and as J remember the house in 1869, it was as rough a hostelry 
as it has been my lot to encounter. I have some doubt whether 
Conrad’s and Rafinesque’s localities were not the same.* 

Dr. Knieskern is said to have found the plant at other points 
in Monmouth County, but this has not been confirmed, nor is 
the Corema enumerated in his Catalogue of the Plants of Mon- 
miouth and Ocean Counties, published in 1856. There is, how- 
ever, a large tract of absolute wilderness lying between the 
New Jersey Southern Railroad and Barnegat Bay which may 
reward exploration.” 

The next reference to the species in New Jersey is not very 
satisfactory, being a brief note of Prof. O. R. Willis to Dr. 
Britton.+ It probably refers in part, at least, to Dr. Knieskern’s 
discovery of the plant, as he lived at Manchester. He writes: 
“We found Corema west of Toms River and north of Man- 
chester; also west of Squam, south of the river. It was not 
rare in those neighborhoods. It is, though, at least thirty years 
since I visited them, and the localities have perhaps been ex- 
hausted.” 

The only specimen which may be cited to substantiate these 
records is one in the Philadelphia Academy, received from Dr. 
Gray, labeled “Monmouth Co., Ni. J., Coll. H!) Mann.” I should 
strongly suspect that Prof. Willis, after this lapse of time, might 


*In the Torrey Bulletin for October, 1884, p. 117, Dr. N. L. Britton states 
that there seems to be no doubt that Mr. S. 'W. Conrad did collect the plant 
at Pemberton’s Mills about twelve miles from Burlington, N. J., for a speci- 
men so ticketed is in the Torrey Herbarium. 

It seems to me that it could easily have been sent to Conrad by a resident 
of Pemberton who actually collected it much farther east. 


+ Torrey Bulletin XVI., 1880, p. 195. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 533 


have been mistaken in the occurrence of the plant, especially 
since Dr. Knieskern does not include it in his list. Several 
other important New Jersey records which originate in Prof. 
Willis’ Catalogue have never been substantiated. 

At any rate, from this time, say 1854 until 1886, the plant 
was comipletely lost, so far as New Jersey was concerned. In 
that year it was rediscovered by Mr. F. J. H. Merrill, of Columbia 
College, in the barren plains west of Cedar Bridge, exactly where 
Mr. Redfield suggested in 1869,* that it might be found when 
reporting to the Philadelphia Academy the failure of the efforts 
of Mr. Charles F. Parker and himself to rediscover it. 

The discovery was communicated to Dr. Britton, who visited: 
the spot with Messrs. Thomas Hogg and J. I. Northrup, in 
May, 1887. On April 3, 1889, Dr. Britton, Mr. Redfield, Mr. 
Arthur Hollick and Dr. J. Bernard Brinton, visited the locality, 
and I quote from Mr. Redfield’s second paper on the subject :+ 
“The locality is about two and one-half miles due west from 
Cedar Bridge, and about ten miles west of the railroad station 
at Barnegat. It lies on both sides of the county line dividing 
Ocean and Burlington Counties. It is easiest reached from 
Barnegat by taking the straight road from that place to Cedar 
Bridge (about eight miles), then taking the straight road run- 
ning’ west-northwest from, Cedar Bridge toward Buddstown 
for about two and one-half miles to where that road is crossed 
by a north and south road, and following this for half or two- 
thirds of a mile south. 

“The region is a most remarkable one, which cannot fail to 
impress every visitor with a sense of loneliness and sterility. It 
forms part of the watershed, or divide, between the streams 
flowing into the Atlantic and those discharging into the Dela- 
ware River. Locally it is known as the “West Plains,” but 
these so-called “plains” are long, undulating swells of sand, 
sometimes rising to a height commanding extensive views in 
every direction over a desert of sand so sterile that even the 
trees of Pinus rigida, which sparsely clothe it, can attain only 
to the height of three or four feet. No sign of human life is 


* Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1869, 91, 92. 
{ Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XVI., 1880, p. 193-195. 


534 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


visible and one could readily imagine himself in the midst of a 
vast wilderness. Its height above the ocean is between 150 
and 200 feet, according to the Geological Survey. The region 
is bisected by the north and south road I have mentioned, by 
the side of which the usual low matted patches of Corema appear. 
But on leaving’ the road to examine the extent of its distribu- 
tion we become amazed at the expanse of territory more or 
less covered by it. We followed over the rising swells of ground 
already alluded to, both to the east and west of the road, to the 
extent of at least half a mile each way, and for a like distance 
in the opposite direction without entirely losing sight of the 
Corema, and we probably did not reach its limits. To say that 
there are hundreds of acres of it is a statement ‘which my com- 
panions thought to be far short of the truth. In some places 
the patches were separated by intervals of some rods, but often. 
scores of them were seen at once, and in many places they 
became confluent in large masses, reminding one of the appear- 
ance of the plant at Plymouth, Mass. Besides the thick, scattered, 
stunted pines, little shrubbery was seen, other than occasional 
very small specimens of Quercus ilicifolia, but the sandy spaces 
were often partially covered with Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, and 
the whole regton reminded one of the downs of the interior of 
Nantucket, where the Arctostaphylos is s6 very abundant. Occa- 
sional carpets of Pyxidanthera were near, but rarely with the 
Corema. . 

“Though our visit was made before April had expired, the un- 
usually advanced season had carried the Corema beyond its 
flowering stage, and its stamens were mostly withered, though 
not fallen. Staminate and pistillate plants seemed equally 
abundant. 

“When Mr. Merrill first discovered this locality it was, I 
believe, unscathed by fire, but at the time of Dr. Britton’s first 
visit the region had been burned over, so far as it was possible 
to burn so sparse a growth, and the low pines had been singed 
and mostly killed. Now, amjong the blackened trunks fresh 
sprouts of these pines are appearing. But what most excited 
our surprise was to see myriads of young seedling plants of 
Corema springing out of the sand in the intervals between the 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. — 535 


patches, and it would seem as if the seeds, carried by the winds, 
had availed themselves of every spot of bare sand, there to 
lodge and germinate. None of these seedlings were more than 
two years old, many not more than one. 

“In illustration of the apparently capricious manner in which 
this plant appears, I may miention that on our return to Barne- 
gat we saw two or three patches of it on the south side of the 
road, about three miles west of Barnegat, within half a yard 
of the wheel track. Search for more of it in this vicinity was 
unsuccessful, so also was a re-examination of the original 
locality near the old western hotel at Cedar Bridge.” 

As I had become connected with the Academy of Natural 
Sciences but a short time before Mr. Redfield’s account was 
published, I heard a good deal of the re-discovery of Corema, 
and was anxious to see it for myself. Consequently, on March - 
31, 1893, in company with Messrs. Stewardson Brown, Amos 
P. Brown and Joseph Crawford, I visited this locality. We 
were, I think, the first to approach it from the west, leaving 
Woodmansie station on the New Jersey Southern Railroad and 
walking seven miles through the loose sand and back again in 
time for the afternoon train. 

The plant was at this time in full bloom, and its weird sur- 
roundings and the forced march of fourteen miles made a 
lasting impression on my mind. 

On July 3, 1899, Mess. C. F. Saunders and W. N. Clute, on 
a wagon trip across the lower or East Plains, found the Corema 
west of Munyon Field in exactly similar environment to that 
prevailing on the West Plains; and also sparingly west of the 
east branch of the Wading River, in pine woods at least four 
miles from the Plains. ‘These localities are some eleven miles 
south of the Cedar Bridge station.* _ 

In June, 1901, accompanied by Messrs. H. L. Coggins and 
J. A. G. Rehn, I crossed by wagon from Medford nearly to 
Munyon Field and found the plant abundant at Mr. Saunders’ 
locality. j 

The next year, on a tramp across this section from Cedar 
Grove to Chatsworth, Mr. J. A. G. Rehn and I found it just 


* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 544. 


536 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


east of Cedar Grove, within sight of the houses; and on May 8, 
1911, I found an isolated colony in the pine woods at Eagleswood, 
on West Creek, three miles from the town of West Creek. 

From the variation, in abundance of the species at different 
times, and its apparent disappearance from| some stations, it 
seems to me that it probably dies out or is exterminated by fire 
in certain spots, while the seed blown freely over this wind- 
swept waste is constantly starting new colonies, so that its actual 
stations are continually shifting. 

Fl.—lLate March to mid-April, stamens drying and persisting 
through the spring. /r.—Late June to early July, apparently. 


Pine Barrens—Pemberton Mills 12 miles from Burlington, Monmouth 
Co., Cedar Bridge, 3 miles west of Cedar Bridge, 4 miles east of Woodmansie, 
6 miles each of Woodmansie, 3 miles west of Barnegat, Between Allen’s 
Bridge (High Bridge) and Martha, East Plains near Munyon Field, Three 
miles northwest of West Creek. 


Family ANACARDIACEAL. Sumacs. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves 9-31 foliate, fruit clothed with crimson hairs. 


b. Rachis of the leaf wing margined. Rhus copallina, p. 536 
bb. Rachis of the leaf nearly terete. 
c. Foliage and twigs velvety pubescent. R. hirta, p. 537 
ce. Foliage and twigs glabrous and glaucous. R. glabra, p. 537 
aa. Leaves not more than 13 foliate, fruit whitish or dun-colored. 
b. Leaflets 7-13 glabrous. R. vernix, p. 537 


bb. Leaflets always 3. 
c. Vine climbing by aerial rootlets or trailing, leaves glabrate entire or 


sparingly sinuate or toothed. R. radicans, p. 538 

cc. Low, erect shrub, mostly without aerial rootlets, leaves very pubes- 

cent and deeply lobed. R. toxicodendron, p. 538 
RHUS L. 


Rhus copallinum L.* Dwarf Sumac. 


Rhus Copallinum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 266. 1753 [N. America].—Pursh, Fl. Amer. 
Sept. I. 205. 1814.—Knieskern 11.—Britton 70. 


Frequent in sandy soil throughout the Northern, Middle and 
Coast districts. Occasional in the Pine Barrens, where it is in- 
troduced. 

Fl—tLate July to early September. Fr.—About late August 
into October. 


* Linneus seems to use this name in the genitive plural; if so we have no 
right to alter it to copallina. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 537 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Chairville (S), Black- 
wood, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens ?—tandisville. 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Forked River, Beach Haven (L,), Beach Haven 
Terrace (L), Cedar Bonnet (L), Atlantic ‘City (S), Ocean City (S), Pier- 
mont (S$), Wildwood (UP). 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cape May. 


' 


Rhus hirta (L.). Stag-horn Sumac. 


Datisca hirta Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1037. 1753 [Philadelphia]. 
Rhus typhina Britton 79. 

Frequent in rocky woods of the northern counties, extending 
down the Delaware River, within our limits, where it is very 
rare. Mr. Long has noted it at Florence Heights and Washing- 
ton Park. 

Fl.—Early June to early July. Fr.—About late July into Sep- 
tember. 


Middle District—Bordentown, 1 mile south Mickleton. 


Rhus glabra L. Smooth or Scarlet Sumac. 
Rhus glabra Linneus, Sp. Pl. 265. 1753 [North America].—Britton 79. 


Frequent in dry soil in the northern counties; much less com- 
mon southward in the ‘Middle district. Very rare in the southern 
part of the Cape May peninsula and on the coast. 

Fl.—iMid-June to mid-July. Fr.—About late July into Sep- 
tember. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Williamstown, Tomlin, Haddonfield (P). 


Coast Strip.—Peahala (L). 
Cape May.—New England (OHB). 


Rhus vernix L. Poison Sumac. 


Rhus Vernix Linneus, Sp. Pl. 265. 1753 [North America].—Barton, Fl. Phila. 
I. 154. 1818. 
Rhus venenata Knieskern 11.—Britton 79. 

Swamps throughout the coastal plain, most abundant in the 
Pine Barrens, also at three localities in Sussex and Morris 
Counties. 

Fl.—Late May to late June. Fr.—About early August into 
September or October. 


538 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District.—Hartford, Lindenwold. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Lakehurst, Chatsworth, Bear Swamp, Albion, 
Andrews, Malaga (P), Cedar Brook, Landisville. 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park (S), Surf City (L), Holgate’s (L), Wildwood 


(UP). 
Cape May.—Cape May (S). 


Rhus radicans L. Poison Ivy. 
Pl. LXXX., Fig. 1. 


Rhus radicans Linneus, Sp. Pl. 266. 1753 [Virginia].—Britton 79. 
Rhus toxicodendron Knieskern 11. 

Common in low woods and along fence rows; in the Northern, 
Middle and Coast districts; absent from the Pine Barrens, except 
as an incursion. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. Fr.—About mid-August into 
September; often persisting after the perishing of the external 
fleshy coats, over winter into the next season. 

Middle District.—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Fish House, Delair. 
Pine Barrens—Folsom (probably an incursion). 


Coast Strip.—Peahala (L,), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Anglesea (UP). 
Cape May.—Cape May Ct. House. 


Rhus toxicodendron L. Poison Oak. 


Rhus Toxicodendron Linneus, Sp. Pl. 266. 1753 [Virginia and Carolina]. 


Sandy ground in the lower part of the Middle district and 
Cape May peninsula, spreading into the Pine Barrens as a rare 
straggler. . 

I am using the Linnaean names for this and the preceding in 
the sense in which they. are employed in Britton’s Manual; 
whether this application will be final or whether we may have 
more than these two forms I cannot say. This group is one 
which I am personally unable to study at close quarters. Dr. 
Mearns’ paper (Pr. Biol. Soc., Wash. xv., 148, 1902) should be 
studied in this connection. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June, probably. Fr—About mid-Au- 
gust into September, not long persistent. 

Middle District—Washington Park, Lawnside, Tomlin, Westville, Bridge~ 
ton, Fairton. 


Pine Barrens.—Folsom, Woodbine (S). 
Cape May.—Court House, Bennett. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN] NEW JERSEY. 539 


Family ILICACEA®. Hollies. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Petals oblong or obovate, slightly united, stamens attached to them at 


their base. 
b. Leaves thick, evergreen, persistent. 
c. Leaves spiny-toothed, berries red. Ilex opaca, p. 539 
cc. Leaves not spiny-toothed, oblanceolate, dotted beneath, berries 
black. I. glabra, p. 540 


bb. Leaves thin, deciduous, berries red. 
c. Calyx lobes distinctly fringed on the margin even in fruit, all 
flowers short pedicelled. I. verticillata, p. 540 
cc. Calyx lobes not fringed, sterile flowers on long pedicels. 

I. levigata, p. 541 
aa, Petals linear, distinct from each other and from the stamens, leaves 

elliptic, glabrous, sparsely-toothed, mucronate at tip, berries red. 
Ilicioides mucronata, p. 541 


ILEX L. 
Ilex opaca Ait. Holly. 
Ilex opaca Aiton, Hort. Kew. I. 169. 1789 [Carolina]—Pursh, Fl. Am. 
Sept. I. 117. 1814.—Willis 40——Britton 75.—Keller and Brown 215. 

Common in woods of the Middle and Coast districts, following 
the course of the rivers for some distance up into the Pine 
Barrens with other coastal plants. Reported from only 
three stations in the State north of our limits, in Warren, Mercer 
and ‘Middlesex Counties. 

The Holly is especially characteristic of the Coastal strip, and 
there it is that we find it rising to the full dignity of a tree, 
with trunk nearly or quite a foot in diameter, and its grayish- 
white bark gleaming through the masses of shining green leaves. 
Here, too, it produces berries most abundantly, and trees on 
protected ground are a gorgeous show during the autumn and 
winter. 

The vandalism of the Christmas peddlers, mainly negroes, is 
largely responsible for the dwarfed, barren condition of most 
of the Holly of West Jersey, but the importation of vast quan- 
tities of Holly and Mistletoe from the south to Philadelphia has 
largely done away with this, as it is easier for venders to secure 
a supply from the wholesalers on the river front than to bring 
their own Holly from New Jersey. On the coast many of the 


540 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


finest trees are cut down every year in effecting so-called im- 
provements incident to the opening or enlarging of a seasid< 
resort, but certain cottagers have carefully preserved the Hollies 


and enclosed theny in their grounds. 
Fl—tLate May to late June. Fr.—lLate October into No- 
vember, persisting over winter often into the following spring. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Medford (S), Clementon, 
Camden (P), Red Bank, Washington Park, Woodbury, Swedesboro, Salem, 
Fairton. 

Pine Barrens—Landisville (T). 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Seaside Park, Surf City (L), Barnegat City 
(L,), Spray Beach (L,), Beach Haven Terrace (L,), Holgate’s (L,), Cox’s 
Absecon, Atlantic City, Beesley’s Pt. (S), Mays Landing (S), Palermo (S), 
Ocean City (S), Piermont (S), Holly Beach, Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). 


Ilex glabra (L.). Inkberry. 


Prinos glaber Linneus, Suppl. 330. 1753 [Canada]. 
Ilex glabra Willis, 40.—Britton 75. 

Common in moist sandy ground in the Pine Barrens, and 
locally elsewhere in our region. North of our limits it occurs 
only in Hudson County. 

Fl.—Mid-June to early July. Fr.—Mid-September into Oc- 
tober, persisting over winter into the following spring. 

Middle District.—Shark River, New Egypt, Kaighns Pt. Albion, Kirkwood, 
Mickleton, Swedesboro, Millville. 

Pine Barrens—Allaire, Forked River, Pasadena, E. and W. Plains, Speed- 
well, Chatsworth, Browns Mills, Head of Batsto (S), Atsion (NB), Jackson, 
Cedar Brook, Landisville, Folsom, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mouth of 
Batsto, Vineland, Somers Pt. (NB), Palermo. 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Harvey Cedars (lL), N. Beach Haven (L), 


‘Spray Beach (L), Cox’s, Beesley’s Pt. (S), Anglesea (UP). 
Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Bennett. 


Ilex verticillata (L.). Black Alder. Winter-Berry. 


Prinos verticillata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 330. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Ilex verticillata Willis 40.—Britton 75. 


Swampy thickets throughout the State. 
Fl.—Mid-June to early July. Fr.—Mid-September into Oc- 
tober, persisting into winter. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 541 


‘Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Birmingham, Pensauken (S), 
Medford (S), Asbury, Washington Park, Yorktown, Millville, Bridgeton 
(NB), Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens.—Andrews, Cedar Brook, Landisville (T), Victoria (T). 

Coast Strip.—Bayhead, Barnegat, Cox’s, Ship Bottom (L), Surf City (L), 
Beach Haven Terrace (1), Holgate’s (L), Beesley’s Pt. (S), Court House 
(S), Bennett. 


Hex leevigata (Pursh.). Smooth Winter-Berry. 
Prinos levigatus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 220. 1814 [Alleghany Mts., N. Y. 
—Va.]. 
Ilex levigatus Willis 40.—Britton 75.—Keller and Brown 216. 

Commion in swamps of the Pine Barren, Middle, Coast, and 
Cape ‘May districts, extending north of our limits in Bergen. 
Hudson, Morris and Mercer Counties. Occasional on the coast. 

Fl.—Late May to mid-June. Fr—Early September to Oc- 
tober, persisting into winter. 

Middle District—Keyport (C), Bordentown, Fish House, Kaighns Pt. 
Lindenwold, Westville (KB), Washington Park (S), Kirkwood (KB), 
Mickleton (H), Swedesboro (CDL), Glassboro, Millville, Beaver Dam, 
Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Forked River, Dover Forge, Double Trouble, 
Pasadena, Lakehurst, Bamber, Jones Mill (S), Landisville, Pancoast, Egg 
Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S), Sea Isle Jnc. 


Coast Strip—Cox’s Barnegat, Spray Beach (L). 
Cape May.—Cape May (S$). 


ILICIOIDES. Dumont. 
llicioides mucronata (L.). Mountain Holly. 


Vaccinium mucronatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 350. 1753 [North America]. 
Nemopanthes mucronata Willis 40.—Britton 75. 
Ilicioides mucronata Keller and Brown 216. 

Reported from several localities in the northern counties, and 
locally southward in deep swamps in the Middle district and 
along the western edge of the Pine Barrens. 

An associate of the Rhododendron at one, and probably all, of 
its stations in the cedar swamps of southern New Jersey, and 
originally driven southward, no doubt, by the same influence. 
Collected by Parker in the old Kaighn’s Swamp May 5, 1866. 

Fl.—Late April to early May. Fr.—Late July into August. 


Middle District—Kaighns Swp., Sicklerville, Glassboro, Ocean Co. (Kn). 
Pine Barrens—iWilliamstown Jnc., Atco, New Germany, Hammonton (C). 


542 REPORT OF NEW: JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Family CELASTRACE,  Staff-trees. 
Key to the Species, 


a. Leaves opposite, erect or decumbent shrubs. 
b. Pods tuberculate, flowers greenish pink, twigs greenish, shrub 6-24 dm. 
high. Evonymus americanus, p. 542 
bb. Pods smooth, flowers purple, 20-40 dm. high, often a small tree. 
E. atropurpureus, p. 542 
aa. Leaves alternate, a climbing, woody vine. Celastrus scandens, p. 543 


EVONYMUS L. 
Evonymus americanus L. Strawberry Bush. 
Evonymus Americanus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 197. 1753 [Virginia].—Willis 16. 
—Britton 76. 

Found at a number of localities in the northern half of the 
State, mainly on the coastal plain, and frequent southward in 
damp woodlands of the Middle and Cape May districts. Rare 
on the coast islands. 

Few shrubs are more characteristic of low, dark woodlands 
of West Jersey. Although the blossoms are inconspicuous, the 
peculiar green coloration of the branches and stems, and the 
glossy leaves, make the plant easily recognizable, while in the 
autumn the bright red seeds and their crimson pod-like covering 
make bright spots of color in the leafless woods. 

The variety obovatus is reported from Mickleton in Keller 
and Brown’s List, but I have seen the specimens, and they do not 
differ from the typical form. ‘ 

Fl.—Late May to mid-June. Fr.—lLate September to late 
October. 


Middle District—Freehold (Willis), Keyport (C), Farmingdale, Pember- 
ton (NB), Birmingham, Medford (S), Moorestown (NB), Washington 
Park, Wodbury, Sewell (S), Gloucester (P), Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro, 
Riddleton, Yorktown. 

Coast Strip.—Anglesea (UP). 

Cape May.—West of Anglesea Jnc. (S), Cold Spring. 


Evonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Burning Bush. 
Evonymus atropurpureus Jacques, Hort. Vind. Il. 55. Pl. 120. 1772 [N. 
America].—Britton 75. 
Occasional through woods of the northern cotinties, mainly 
along the Delaware, and rare and local southward in the same 
vicinity to Salem County. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 543 


Middle District—Moorestown (NB), Mullica Hill (H), Mannington (C), 
Elsinboro (C). 


CELASTRUS L. 
Celastrus scandens L. Climbing Bittersweet. 


Celastrus scandens Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 196. 1753 [Cadada].—Britton 76. 


Frequent in thickets in the northern counties and southward 
along the coastal island to Cape May; occasional in the Middlé 
district. 

Fl.—Late May to early June. Fr.—October, persisting 
through winter. 

Middle District—Camden (Bassett), Washington Park, Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip.—Sandy Hook, Spring Lake (C), Atlantic City, Ocean City 
(S$), Piermont (S), Holly Beach, Anglesea, Cold Spring (S). 


Family STAPHYLEACE.  Bladder-nuts. 


STAPHYLEA L. 
Staphylea trifolia L. Bladder-nut. 


“Staphylea trifolia Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 270. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 11.— 
Willis 16—Britton 78. 


Frequent in rocky woods of the northern counties; rare within 
our limits and only in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Early May to late May. Fr.—July to Alugust, persisting 
into October. 


Middle District—Squan (Kn), Camden Co., along the Delaware below 
Kaighns Pt. (P), Woodstown, Sharptown. 


Family ACERACEA. Maples. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Leaves 3- or 5-foliate. Acer negundo, p. 545 
aa, Leaves simple, flowers in dense clusters, appearing before the leaves. 

b. Petals none, flowers greenish, leaves deeply 5-lobed, samaras divergent, 

5-7 mm. long. A. saccharinum, p. 544 

bb. Petals present, flowers (and often ripe samaras) crimson, leaves 3- 

lobed or with two additional shorter basal lobes, samaras incurved, 

1.5-2.5 cm. long. 

c. Leaves small, with three short lobes, sparingly toothed and usually 

very pubescent below. A. rubrum carolinianum, p. 544 

cc. Leaves larger, with 3-5 lobes, sharply toothed, usually nearly 

glabrous. A. rubrum, p. 544 


544 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ACER L. 
Acer saccharinum L. White Maple. 


Acer saccharinum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1055. 1753 [Pennsylvania] —Britton 78. 


Common along the upper Delaware River, and sparingly 
southward within our limits. Frequently introduced as a shade 
tree. 

FI.—Mid-March to early April. F'r—Early May to late 
May. 

Middle District—Delair. 


Acer rubrum L. Red Maple. 


Acer rubrum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1058. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsylvania].— 
Knieskern 11.—Britton 78. 

‘Moist woodland; common in the Northern and parts of the 
Middle districts. 

The Red Maples of our region are puzzling in their variability. 
We have a form with very small, three-lobed leaves, usually. 
tomentous beneath, which is common in the Pine Barrens, which 
I have referred to carolinianum, while through the Middle dis- 
trict there is a tree with rather larger leaves, rarely tomentose, 
which may be referable to true rubrum. Some trees in the 
uplands of Pennsylvania are similar, but others, with large, 
five-lobed leaves, very white and glabrous below, are quite dif- 
ferent. The division of specimens given below is arbitfary, 
but the difference between the extremes is striking. 

Fl.—Late March to mid-April. Fr—Early May to late May. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Springdale (S), Salem (S). 


Acer rubrum carolinianum (Walt.). Carolina Red Maple. 
Acer carolinianum Walter, Fl. Cor. 251 [S. Carolina]. 


Common throughout the Pine Barrens and on the Coast strip. 
Fl——tLate March to mid-April. Fr—Early May to late May. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Birmingham, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Borden- 
town, Haddonfield (S), Merchantville, Yorktown. ; 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Bear Swamp, Speedwell, Pleasant Mills ($). 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Seaside Park (S), Surf City (L), Sherburn’s 
(L), Ocean City (S), Piermont (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 54s 


Acer negundo L. Ash-leaved Maple. Box Elder. 


dcer megundo Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1056. 1753 [Virginia].—Willis 7, 
Negundo aceroides Britton 78. 

Banks of streams at a number of stations in the northern 
_ part of the State, mainly on the Delaware and Hackensack; occa- 
sional within our limits on tributaries of the Delaware, also often 
escaped from cultivation. 

Fl.—Mid April to early May. Fr—Apparently late August 
into September. 


Middle District—Crosswicks, Red Bank (Willis), New Egypt, Pemberton 
(C), Mantua (H), Mullica Hill (NB), Swedesboro. 


Family BALSAMINACEA. Jewel-weeds. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers orange, mottled with darker spots, spur incurved. 
Impatiens biflora, p. 545 
aa. Flowers pale yellow, spur short, spreading. I. pallida, p. 545 


IMPATIENS L. 
Impatiens biflora Walt. Spotted Touch-me-not. 
Impatiens biflora Walter, Fl. Car. 219. 1788 [S. Carolina] —Knieskern 10. 
—Willis 15.—Britton 74. 

Common or frequent in swampy ground throughout the State, 
except in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late July into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Hartford, Springdale, Fish House, Medford 
(S), Haddonfield (S), East of Clementon (S), Salem (S). 

Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant (S), Toms River (Kn), Forked River, Mana- 
hawkin, Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), Palermo (S), Mays Landing (S), 


Seaville (S), Holly Beach (UP). 
Cape May—Cold Spring (S). 


Impatiens pallida Nuttall. Pale Touch-me-Not. 


Impatiens pallida Nuttall. Gen. II. 145. 1818 [vicinity of Philadelphia]. 
Impatiens aurea Britton 73. 

Swampy ground in the northern counties; not common. Re- 
ported within our limits at Moorestown, where it was found 
by Miss A. M. Kaighn. 

Middle District—Moorestown (NB). 

35 MUS 


546 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Order RHAMNALES. 


Family RHAMNACE/. Buck-thorns. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Fruit a berry, flowers greenish, in clusters. [Rhamus cathartica L.]* 
aa, Fruit dry, splitting into three nutlets, flowers white in terminal, umbel- 
like clusters, forming a showy panicle. Ceanothus americanus, p. 546 


CEANOTHUS L. 
Ceanothus americanus L. New Jersey Tea. 


Ceanothus americanus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 195. 1753 [Virginia and Carolina]. 
—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 126. 1818—Knieskern 11.—Britton 77. 


In open woods; commion in the northern counties and occa- 
sional southward in the Middle and Cape May districts. 
Fl.—Early June to early July. Fr.—Mid-July to late August. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton (Bassett), Medford (S), Had- 
donfield (S), Westville, Lawnside (S), Woodbury (NB), Yorktown. 
Cape May,—Cold Spring. 


. 


Family VITACEA. Grapes. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves digitate, 5-7 foliate. Psedera quinquefolia, p. 548 
aa. Leaves not compound, entire or deeply lobed. 
b. Leaves velvety-tomentose on the under surface. 
c. A tendril or branch of inflorescence opposite each of several suc- 
cessive leaves. Vitis labrusca, p. $46 
cc. Tendrils intermittent, none opposite each third leaf. 
V. estivalis, p. 547 
bb. Leaves glabrous, or short-hairy on the veins beneath. 
c. Teeth of leaves narrowly deltoid or even lanceolate, sharply acumi- 
nate, often falcate; berries blue with a bloom, stipules over 4 mm. 


long. V. vulpina, p. 547 

cc. Teeth of leaves broadly deltoid, cuspidate; berries black and shin- 

ing, stipules 4 mm. long or less. V. cordifolia, p. 547 
VITIS L. 


Vitis labrusca L. Fox Grape. 


Vitis Labrusca Linneus, Sp. Pl. 203. 1753 [North America].—Knieskern 11. 
—Britton 77. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 547 


Swampy thickets; common in the northern counties and less 
common southward in the Middle and Coast districts. A form 
with green instead of purplish fruit occurs occasionally in West 
Jersey. 

Fl.—Late May to mid- -June. Fr.—Early September into Oc- 
tober. 

Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale (S), New a Medford 
(S), Lindenwold (S$), Camden, Washington’ Park. 


Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (S), Forked River, Manahawkin, Beach Haven 
Terrace (L), Holgate’s (L), Wildwood (UP), Cape May Court House (S). 


Vitis aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape. 


Vitis estivalis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 230. 1803 [Virginia and: Carolina]. 

—Knieskern 11.—Britton 77. 

Common in thickets throughout the State, except in the Pine 
Barrens, where it is only occasional, and probably of recent 
introduction. 

Fl—Mid-June to early July. Fr—Early September into Oc- 


tober. 

Middle District—Holmdel (NB), Fish House (S), Medford (S), Locust 
Grove (S), Tomlin (S$), Sicklerville, Eight miles east Mickleton, Swedes- 
boro, Washington Park, Berlin (S), Yorktown. 

Pine Barrens.—Lakehurst, Speedwell, Sumner, Landisville (T), Mays 
Landing (S). 

Coast Strip—Waretown, Surf City (L), Staffordville, Atlantic City, Pleas- 
antville (NB), Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Anglesea, Piermont, Bennett, 
Cold Spring (S). 


Vitis cordifolia Michx.. Chicken Grape, Frost Grape. 


Vitis cordifolia Michaux, Fi. Bor. Am. II. 231. 1803 [Penna. to Fla.].— 
Knieskern 11.—Britton 77. 
Frequent in the northern counties, less common southward in 
the Middle district, rarely on the coast. 
Fl_—Early June to late June. Fr.—lLate September into 
October. 
Middle District—Holmdel (NB), Keyport (C), New Egypt, Fish House, 


Swedesboro. 
' Coast Strip—Forked River. 


Vitis vulpina L. River-bank Grape. 


Vitis vulpina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 203.° 1753 [Virginia]. 
Vitis riparia Britton 77. 


348 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Gravelly shores of the upper Delaware river associated with 
Salix interior, a plant of similar habitat; very rare within our 
limits. 

Fl.—Late May to mid-June, probably. Fr—Mid-August into 
September. 

Middle District—Fish House.* 


PSEDERA Hecker.} 
Psedera quinquefolia (L.). Virginia Creeper. 
Pl. LXXX., Fig. 2. 
Hedera quinquefolia Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 202. 1753 [Canada]. 
Cissus Hederacea Barton Fl. Phila. I. 118. 1818. 
Ampelopsis quinquefolia Knieskern 11. 
Vitis quinquefolia Britton 77. 

Common in woods and thickets throughout the State, except 
in the Pine Barrens, where it is rare and apparently of recent 
introduction. On the coast islands it flourishes on the edge of 
Bay Berry thickets, directly back of the dunes. 


Fl.—tlLate June to late July. Fr—Late September into Oc- 
tober. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Washington Park, Medford 
(S). 

Pine Barrens——Pancoast (S), Pleasant Mills (apparently introduced). 

Coast S#rip.—Sandy Hook (NB), Pt. Pleasant (S), Forked River, Pea- 
hala (L), Ship Bottom (L), St. Albans (L,), Beach Haven Terrace (L), 
Beach Haven (L,), Barnegat City (L), Longport (S), Ocean City (S), Pier- 
mont (S$). . 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Cape May (S). 


Order MALVALES. 


Family TILIACEA. Lindens. 
TILIA L. 


Tilia americana L. Linden, Basswood. 


Tilia americana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 514. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Knies- 
kern 10.—Willis 14. 
Common in woods of the northern counties, and occasional 
southward in the JMiddle district. 


* The record for Westville (KB) was an error. 


+ Cf. Rehder Rhodora 1908, p. 24, for discussion of the generic name of 
this plant. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 549 


Fl.—Late June to early July. Fr—About August, persisting 
into autumn. 


Middle District—Squan (Kn), Cliffwood (NB), Farmingdale, New Egypt, 
Washington Park, Salem Co. on the Delaware (NB). 


Family MALVACEA®. Mallows. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Stamen column, bearing anthers at the summit. 

b. Style branches with stigmas on their inner side, leaves orbicular reni- 
form, flowers bluish white. [Malva rotundifolia L.|* 

bb. Style branches with stigmas at their apex, flowers yellow. 
c. Leaves ovate or oblong lanceolate, with a small tubercle at the 
base of many of the petioles; 3-6.dm. high. [Sida spinosa]t 
cc. Leaves cordate, ovate-orbicular densely velvety pubescent, plant 
10-20 dm. high. [Abutildn abutilon L.Jt 
aa, Stamen column bearing anthers below the entire or five-toothed summit. 
b. Flowers rose colored, 5 cm. broad. Kosteletzkya virginica, p. 549 
bb. Flowers pink or white, with or wthout a crimson center, 10-20 cm. 
broad. Hibiscus moscheutos, p. 550 


KOSTELETZKYA Presl. 
Kosteletzkya virginica (L.). Kosteletzky’s Mallow. 
Hibiscus virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 697.. 1753 [Virginia] —Pursh, Fl. Am. 
Sept. II. 456. 1814. 


Kosteletzkya virginica Knieskern 10.—Willis 14—Britton 70—Keller and 
Brown 221. 


Edge of the salt marshes on the coast and bay shore; com- 
mon in Cape May County; local and less common farther north. 

This mallow is a conspicuous feature of the mid-summer 
coast marshes, its broadly branching stems with their numerous 
pink flowers adding quite a touch of color, although not nearly 
so conspicuous as the following species. Unlike it, the Kostelets- 
kya never strays from the vicinity of the salt marshes. 

Fl.—Early August to early September. Fr—tLate August 
to late September. 


Maritime-—Avon (KB), Mantoloking (NY), Lavalette (KB), Forked 
River, Seaside Park, Island Hts. (NB), Waretown (C), Beach Haven Ter- 
race (I,), Surf City (L), Holgate’s (L), Barrel Isl. (L), ‘Manahawkin, 
Brigantine Beach (NB), Atlantic City, Ventnor (KB), Beesley’s Pt. (S), 
Palermo, Ocean City ers Avalon, Piermont, Wildwood, Anglesea (S$), 


* Dwarf Mallow, a common weed in cultivated and waste ground. 
+ Prickly Sida, a weed in waste ground. 
£ Velvet-leaf Mallow, a weed in waste ground. 


550 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Holly Beach, Clermont, Cape May Court House, Cape May, Cape May Pt. 
(S), Dennisville (S).* 
HIBISCUS L, 
Hibiscus moscheutos L. Rose Mallow, Swamp Mallow. 
Pl. LXXXI. 


Hibiscus Moscheutos Linneus, Sp. Pl. 693. 1753 [Canada and Virginia].— 
Knieskern 10.—Willis 14.—Brttton—7o.' ; 


Several stations in the northern counties; along streams and 
marshes, but apparently never encroaching beyond the fall line 
for any distance. Very common southward along the Delaware 
River and the coast marshes. 

The flowering of the Mallows on the coast and river marshes 
is perhaps the most extensive display of color that the flora of 
our region presents. ‘Throughout the month of August they 
form great masses of pink and white bloom, which can be seen 
at a long distance, and seem to be laid out over the swamps 
like flower beds in a garden. 

The flowers are either pink or white, with or without a crim- 
son eye. Only one style occurs on any given plant, but the plants 
are usually mixed together indiscriminately, and show, besides 
differently colored flowers, considerable difference in the shape 
of the leaves, pods and calyx-lobes. Dr. N. L. Britton has de- 
scribed as distinct H. oculiroseus (c. f. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Garden, 
iv. 220, 1903) from a plant of the “Crimson-Eye,” cultivated 
and introduced into the nursery trade by Mr. William Bassett, of 
Hammonton, N. J., from an original plant obtained at Absecon. 
The wild plants now growing there, however, are normal H. 
moscheutos, and I regard Dr. Britton’s species as a sport due to 
cultivation, not a native member of the New Jersey flora. 

Fl.—Late July to early September. Fr.—Late September 
through autumn. 


Middle District—Fish House, Kaighns Pt., W. Deptford, Medford, Penns- 
grove, Swedesboro, Salem (S), Beaver Dam. 

Coast Strip—Barnegat Pier, Barnegat City (1), Brant Beach (L), Surf 
City (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Absecon, Atlantic City (S), Ocean City 
(S), Sea Isle City, Avalon, Piermont (S), Wildwood, Holly Beach, Clermont, 
Tuckahoe (T), Cape May Court House, Cold Spring (S), Cape May (S), 
Cape May Pt. (S). 


*The record for Hancock’s Bridge (KB), on authority of Miss Cora A. 
Ware, has not been verified and seems unlikely. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. = 551 


Order PARIETALES. 
Family HYPERICACE. St. John’s-worts. 


a. Sepals 4, one pair narrower than the other, petals 4, yellow. 
b. Plant low, 1-2.5 dm. high, leaves sessile, flowers 15-25 mm. broad. 
Ascyrum hypericoides, p. 552 
bb. Plant taller, 3-6 dm. high, leaves clasping, flowers 12-18 mm. broad. 


A. stans, p. 552 
aa. Sepals and petals 5. 


b. Petals yellow. 
c. Leaves reduced to minute appressed scales. 
Sarothra gentianoides, p. 557 
cc. Leaves not reduced to scales. 
d. Styles 5, flowers 40-60 mm. broad. Hypericum ascyron, p. 552 
dd. Styles 3 (rarely 4). 
e. Stamens numerous, always more than 12. 
f. Shrubby, 5-20 dm. high, flowers 8-12 mm. broad. 
H. densiflorum, p. 553 
ff. Not shrubby, 2-9 dm. high. 

g. Stamens in three to five clusters, petals with black 

dots or lines. 
h. Leaves oblong or linear, 10-20 mm. long, dots 

only in the margin of the petals. 

[H. perforatum]* 
hh. Leaves oblong, 20-80 mm. long, several rows of 
dots or lines on the petals. H. punctatum, p. 555 
gg. Stamens not in clusters, petals without black dots. 
h. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, margins revolute. 
H. adpressum, p. 553 
hh. Leaves elliptic or oval, spreading, flowers pale 


yellow. H, ellipticum, p. 554 
hhh. Leaves oval, erect and appressed, flowers cop- 
per yellow. H. virgatum ovalifolium, p. 554 


ggg. Stamens 5-12. 
h. Flowers small, usually 4-5 mm. broad. 
i. Cyme leafy-bracted, leaves elliptic. 
H. boreale, p. 555 
ii. Cyme subulate-bracted. 
j. Leaves ovate, oblong or elliptic. 
HA. mutilum, p. 555 
jj. Leaves ovate deltoid. 
H. gymnanihum, p. 556 
jij. Leaves linear obtuse. H. canadense, p. 556 
hh. Flowers 6-10 mm. broad, plants 3-9 dm. high. 
H. majus, p. 556 
bb. Petals red purple, leaves ovate obtuse, plant 3-5 dm. high. 


* Common St. John’s-wort, a weed. 


552 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


c. Leaves sessile, flower-clusters peduncled. 
Triadenum virginicum, p. 557 
cc. Leaves petioled, flower-clusters nearly sessile. 
T. petiolatum, p. 558 
ASCYRUM L. 
Ascyrum stans Mich. St. Peter’s-wort. 
Ascyrum stans Michaux, Fl, Bor. Am, II. 77. 1803 [Carolina]—Knieskern 
8.—Willis 11.—Britton 66.—Keller and Brown 223. 
Ascyrum hypericoides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 374. 1814—Barton, Fl 
Phila. II. 13. 1818. 


Damp or dry sandy ground; common in the Pine Barrens; 
occasional in the Cape May district and rare and local in West 


Jersey. 
Fl.—Late July to early September. Fr.—Late October 


through autumn. 


Middle District—Merchantville (P), Mickleton (NB), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens——Four miles south New Egypt, West Creek (S), Manchester, 
Waretown, Dover Forge, Bamber, Chatsworth, Speedwell (S), Bear Swamp, 
Mouth of Batsto (S), Pleasant Mills, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mays 
Landing, Weymouth (T), Tuckahoe, Browns Mills (P), Quaker Bridge (P), 
Absecon, Hamilton Mon. Co. (C). 

Cape. May—Ct. House, Cold Spring (S), Town Bank (OHB). 


Ascyrum hypericoides L. St. Andrew’s Cross. 
Ascyrum Hypericoides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 788. 1753 [Virginia]—Keller and 
Brown 223. 
Ascyrum multicaule Barton, Fl. Phila, II. 13. 1818. 
Ascyrum Crux-Andreae Pursh, Fl. Am, Sept. Il. 373.—Britton 66.—Knies- 
kern 66. 

Common in dry sandy soil of the coastal plain at several sta- 
tions north of our limits and throughout the 'Middle, Cape May, 
Coast and Pine Barren districts. 

Fl.—Early July to early September. Fr.—Early September 
through autumn. 

Middle District—Keyport (NB), Asbury Park (P), Brindletown, Arney’s 
Mt. (S), Camden (P), Medford (S$), Oaklyn (S), ‘Westmont (S), Wash- 
ington Park, Jericho (NB), Bridgeton (NB), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Forked River, Chatsworth, Bear Swamp, Clementon (S), 
Landisville, Mouth of Batsto (S), Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Mays 
Landing (S). 

Coast Strip.—Beach Haven (L,), Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L). 

Cape May.—Green Creek (S), Cold Spring, Cape May (S). 


HYPERICUM L. 
Hypericum ascyron L. Giant St. John’s-wort. 


Hypericum Ascyron Linneus, Sp. Pl. 783. 1753 [Canada].—Britton 67.— 
Keller and Brown 224. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 553 


Limited to the valley of the upper Delaware, just entering 
our limits at Bordentown, where it is reported in Britton’s Cata- 
logue on the authority of Mr. Stowell. 


Fl.—Early July to late July. Fr—Early September into 
October. 


Hypericum densiflorum Pursh. Shrubby St. John’s-wort. 


Hypericum densiflorum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 376. 1814 [Virginia Mts.].— 
Britton 67.—Keller and Brown 224. 

Hypericum prolitcum var. densiflorum Knieskern 8.—Willis 11. 

Hypericum prolificum Britton 67 (in part). 


Plentiful in damp spots in the Pine' Barrens, rare and local in 
the Middle district. 

H. prolificum is reported in Britton’s Catalogue, but I feel 
convinced that all the coastal plain plants of New Jersey are 
referable to H. densiforum. Specimens from three of the locali- 
ties prove to belong to this species, and J have little doubt that 
the records for Manchester, Freehold and Pemberton are based 
on the same. There is some variation both in the size of the 
flowers and density of the inflorescence, but I have seen no speci- 
mens at all referable to H. prolificum, as we have it in the Sus- 
quehanna valley in Pennsylvania.* 

Fl.—Early July to early September. Fr.—Early October 
through autumn. 

Middle District—Shark River, Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Lindenwold. 

Pine Barrens.—Toms River, Island Hts., Cassville, Woodmansie, Hanover, 
Browns Mills, Chatsworth, Speedwell (S), Pasadena, Parkdale, Tuckerton, 
Bear Swamp, Kenilworth, Clementon, Ballengers Mill, Braddocks Mill, Taun- 
ton, Sicklerville, Winslow Jnc., Winslow (S), Folsom, Eighth St. (T), Ham- 


monron, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, Weymouth, Wood- 
bine, Millville. 


Hypericum adpressum Barton. Barton’s St. John’s-wort.t 


Hypericum adpressum Barton, Comp. Fl. Phila. II. 15. 1818 [Lansdowne, on 
the Schuylkill, above Buck’s Isl., Phila.] —Willis 11.—Britton 67—Keller 
and Brown 224. 


*cf. Sargent Garden and Forest, 1890, 524. 

+ Discovered by Wm. P. C. Barton (1786-1856), Professor of Botany at the 
University of Pennsylvania, and author of the Compendium Florae Philadel- 
phicae. Probably the first botanist of this vicinity to conduct weekly field 
trips. 


554 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Hypericum galioides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 376. 1814 (as to N. J. 


records). 

Open swamps; confined to the Middle and Cape May districts, 
occurring north of our limits only at several stations in Bergen 
County. The statement of Torrey and Gray that it occurs in 
the Pine Barrens is not substantiated, and is no doubt due to the 
loose use of the term to cover all of southern New Jersey. 

Fl.—Farly July to late August. Fr.—Mid-September through 
autumn. 

Middle District—Burlington, Delanco, Florence, Moorestown (KB), 
Union Grove. 

Coast Strip?—Mays Landing (CDL). 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring, Cape May (S).* 

Hypericum ellipticum Hook. Pale St. John’s-wort. 
Hypericum ellipticum Hooker, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 110. 1830 [Canada to Lake 
Winnepeg].—Britton 67.—Keller and Brown 224 (in part). 

Confined to the upper Delaware valley in swampy ground and 
bogs, locally southward to Camden. 

Fl.—Mid-June to early July. Fr—Late August into October. 


Middle District—Burlington (P), Kaighns Pt, Camden (C).+ 


Hypericum virgatum ovalifolium Britton. New Jersey St. John’s-wort. 


Hypericum virgatum var. ovalifolium Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. IX. 10. 
1889 [Pine Barrens of N. J.].—Britton 67. 

Hypericum angulosum Muhlenberg, Cat. 68. 1813.—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 
II. 378. 1814.—Knieskern 8.—Willis 11. 

Hypericum virgatum Keller and Brown 224. 


4 

Frequent in bogs and swamps of the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May peninsula; rare and local in Pine Barren islands in the 
Middle district. 

The peculiar coppery color of the flowers distinguishes this 
from any of the other species of our range. 

Fl.—Mid-July to early September. Fr.—Late September 
through autumn. 


*T have grave doubts about the record for Freehold, given by Britton on 
authority of Willis, and there is no specimen to substantiate it. Keller and 
Brown’s records for Egg Harbor, Atco and Mays Landing are probably 
H. densiflorum. 

+ The records in Keller and Brown for Egg Harbor and Mays Landing, 
and probably for Pt. Pleasant, are based on H. v. ovalifolium. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. — 555 


Middle District—Union Grove. i 

Pine Barrens—Spring Lake (NB), Pt. Pleasant, Speedwell (S), Atsion, 
Parkdale, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mullica River, Quaker Bridge, 
Pleasant Mills (NB), Batsto, Mouth of Batsto, Woodbine, Belleplain (S). 


Cape May—Court House (S), Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S), Nummey- 
town (S).* 


Hypericum punctatum Lam. Spotted St. John’s-wort. 


Hypericum punctatum Lamarck, Encycl. IV. 164 1796 (Typ. Loc. unknown]. 
Hypericum maculatum Britton 68. 
Hypericum corymbosum Knieskern 8. 


Frequent in low grounds in the northern counties and occa- 
sional in the Middle and Cape May districts. 


Fl.—Early July to early August. Fr—Early September into 
October. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delair, Mickleton, Swedesboro, 
Centerton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Ancora (Bassett) introduced? 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Hypericum mutilum L. Dwarf St. John’s-wort. 


Hypericum mutilum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 787. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Knieskern 8.—Britton 68. 


Common in low grounds throughout the State, except in the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fl—Early July to early September. Fr.—Mid-September 
through autumn. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Morris, 
Clementon, Blackwood, Lawnside (S), Swedesboro, Riddleton, Dividing 
Creek. 

Coast Strip.—Sandy Hook (NB), Seaside Park, Manahawkin, Barnegat 
City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Holgate’s (L), Absecon (S), Atlantic 
City (S), Beesleys Pt. (S), Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Holly Beach 
(UP). 

Cape May—Three miles west Court House. 


Hypericum boreale (Britton). Northern St. John’s-wort. 


Hypericum Canadense boreale Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XVIII. 367. 
1891. n.n. for H. C. minimum Gray [Wisconsin]. 


* There is no specimen to substantiate the record for Anglesea, given by 
Keller and Brown, and exhaustive collections from the same vicinity have 
failed to discover it. 


556 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent in boggy locations in the northern counties; south 
along the coast and occasional in the Middle district and Pine 
Barrens in boggy situations. 

Fl.—Early July to early September, probably. Fr.—Mid-Sep- 
tember through autumn. 


Middle District.—Delanco. 

Pine Barrens.—Folsom. 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Forked River, Peahala (L), Beach Haven 
Terrace (L), Barnegat City (L), Sherburn’s (L), Holgate’s (L), St. Albans 
(L), Holly Beach (UP). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (S$). 


Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. and Gray. Clasping-leaved St. 
John’s-wort. 
Hypericum gymnanthum Engelmann and Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. V. 212. 

1847 [Houston, Tex.].—Britton 68—Keller and Brown 224. 

Low ground; occasional in the lower Middle district. 

First detected in the State by Mr. Benjamin Heritage at 
Mickleton in 1887, and collected later at Medford by Mr. 
Stewardson Brown and the writer July 27, 1902. 

Flowers—and immature fruit July 27. 

Middle District—Medford, Mickleton (H). 


Hypericum majus (A. Gray). Larger Canada St. John’s-wort. 
Hypericum Canadense var. major Gray, Man. Ed. V. 86. 1867 [Lake Su- 

perior, Southern N. Y. and southward].—Britton 68. 

Recorded in Britton’s Catalogue from Hudson and Sussex 
Counties, and once collected near Camden by Mr. C. F. Parker 
September 7, 1862. I have examined Mir. Parker’s specimen, 
which is still in his herbarium, now at Princeton University, 
and there is no question as to the correctness of his identification. 

Mature fruit September 7. 

Middle District-—-Camden (P). 


Hypericum canadense L. Canada St. John’s-wort. 


Hypericum canadense Linneus, Sp. Pl. 785. 1753 [Canada].—Knieskern 8. 
—Britton 68. 


Common in damp sandy soil throughout the coastal plain, but 
not abundant in the northern counties. 

The most abundant small St. John’s Wort found in the Pine 
Barrens. : 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN, NEW JERSEY. V4 


Fl—tEarly July to early September. Fr.—Mid-September 
through autumn. 


Middle District—Red Bank (NB), New Egypt, Medford, Lawnside (S), 
Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 


Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Speedwell (S), Parkdale, Albion, Williamstown 
Jnc., Landisville, Mouth of Batsto, Tuckahoe (S). 

Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant, Long Branch, Manahawkin, Ship Bottom (L), 
Barnegat City (L), Peahala (L), Spray Beach (L), Holgate’s (L), Palermo. 

Cape May.—Court House (S). 


SAROTHRA L. 
Sarothra gentianoides L. Orange Grass. 


Pl. L XXXII, Fig. 1. 


Sarothra Gentianoides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 272. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsyl- 
vania]. 

Hypericum sarothra Knieskern 8. 

Hypericum gentianoides Britton 68.. 


Sandy.ground; common throughout the State, often occurring 
on roadsides and railroad embankments, like a weed. 

Fl.—Mid-July to mid-September. Fr—Late September 
through autumn. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Clementon, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Bear Swamp (S$), Landisville (T), Hammonton (S), Egg 
Harbor City, Tuckahoe, Tuckerton (S$). 

Coast Strip—Asbury Park (P), Pt. Pleasant, Island Heights, Spray Beach 


(L), Atlantic City (S), Wildwood. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


TRIADENUM Rafinesque. 
Triadenum virginicum (L.). Pink St. John’s-wort. 
Hypericum virginicwm Linneus, Sp. Pl. and. Ed. 1104. 1763 [Pennsylvania]. 
Britton 68. 

Open swamps; commion throughout the State. 

A characteristic plant of every bog. 

Fl.—Early August to early September. Fr—Mid-September 
into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House, Kaighns Pt., Washington Park 
(S), W. Deptford, Bridgeport, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Jones Mill (S$), Speedwell (S), Bear Swamp (S), Clemen- 
ton (S), Ancora (P), Parkdale (S), Quaker Bridge (NB), Vineland (T), 


Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S). 
Coast Strip—Long Branch, Seaside Park, Peahala (L), Spray Beach (L), 


558 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Holgate’s (1), Absecon (S), Ocean City (S$), Wildwood. 
Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cape May. 


Triadenum petiolatum (Walt.). Large Pink St. John’s-wort. 
Hypericum petiolatum Walter, Fl. Car. 191.. 1788 [S. Carolina].—Britton 68. 
—Keller and Brown 225. 

The occurrence of this species in New Jersey rests on a frag- 
ment in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy labeled “near 
Camden,” from the herbarium of J. K. Potts. Torrey and Gray’s 
statement that it occurs in the State (Flora. N. A., i, 168) is no 
doubt based on the same specimen. 


Family ELATINACEZ. Waterworts. 
ELATINE L. 
Elatine americana (Pursh.). Waterwort. 


Peplis americana Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 238. 1814 [Pennsylvania]. 

Crypta minima Nuttall, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila, I. 117. 1817.—[Shores 
of Delaware, above Phila.]—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 17. 1818. 

Elatine Americana Britton 66. , 


Reported on muddy shores of the Passaic River and Lake 
Hopatcong; also on the Delaware at Camden and along the 
upper coast and in the Pines. 

Fl.—Early July well into autumn. 


Middle District—Camden, in mud, Delaware river (P). 

Coast Strip—Bayhead, Spring Lake, Pt. Pleasant.* 

Pine Barrens.—Lakehurst (Mackenzie), 8 miles south of Manchester (P), 
Ferago Pond (C). 


Family CISTAICE. Rock-rose, etc. 


Key to Species. 


a. Petals 5, yellow, showy. 
b. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, flowers 15-30 mm. broad. 

c. Petaliferous flowers 5-12, in a short terminal cymose raceme, their 
capsules 3-4 mm. long, little, if at all, surpassed by later branches; 
capsules of later apetalous, flowers 1 mm. in diameter. 

Helianthemum majus, p. 559 

cc. Petaliferous flowers 1-2, their capsules 6-8 mm. long, much over- 

topped by later branches, capsules of apetalous flowers often 3-4 

mm. in diameter. H. canadense, p. 560 

bb. Leaves subulate or scale like, imbricated; flowers about 8 mm. broad, 
plant 1-2 dm. high. 


*The record for Wenonah (Githens) in Keller and Brown’s list has not 
been verified. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 559 


c. Greenish, soft pubescent, leaves subulate, 6-8 mm. long. 
Hudsonia ericoides, p. 561 
cc. Pale, hoary pubescent, leaves 2 mm. long, appressed. 
H. tomentosa, p. 560 
aa. Flowers very small, greenish or purplish, numerous: in panicles, stem 
leaves minute and entire, horizontal basal leafy shoots develop late in the 
season, often with broader leaves. 
b. Leaves on basal shoots oblong to ovate, not three times as long as 
broad. 
c. Pubescence of the stem spreading, panicle dense. 
_ _Lechea villosa, p. 563 
cc. Pubescerice of the stem appressed, panicle more open. 
d. Outer sepals exceeding the inner. L. minor, p. 562 
dd. Outer sepals shorter than the inner. 
e. Fruiting heads obovoid, pyriform, basal shoots green. 
L. racemulosa, p. 562 
ee. Fruiting heads subglobose, basal shoots hoary, pubescent. 
L. maritima, p. 563 
bb. Leaves on basal shoots narrowly lanceolate to linear. 
c. Inner sepals 1—nerved, usually exceeded by the outer ones, stem 


leaves narrowly linear. L. tenutfolia, p. 563 
cc. Inner sepals 3-nerved, equalling or longer than the outer ones. 

d. Plant canescent pubescent. L. maritima, p. 563 

dd. Plant green. L. leggettii, p. 563 


HELIANTHEMUM Persoon. 


The flowers are of two kinds; large showy petaliferous blos- 
soms appearing early, and small, practically apetalous ones, ap- 
pearing later and bearing much smaller capsules. Some speci- 
mens in the latter stage resemble certain species of Lechea. 


Helianthemum majus (L.). Hoary Frostweed. 


Lechea major Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 90. 1753 [Canada]. 

Helianthemum corymbosum Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 7. 1818—Willis 10.— 
Britton 53. 

Helionthemum ramuliforum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 363. 1814.—Barton, 
Fl. Phila. II. 7. 1818. 


Dry sandy soil; common throughout our region, except in the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fl—(Petaliferous) Late May to late June. Fr.—(Of apeta- 
liferous flowers) Early July to early September. 


Middle District—Farmingdale (S), Arney’s Mt. (S), Pemberton (NB), 
New Egypt, Medford, Haddonfield (C), Clementon, Griffith’s Swamp, Tomlin, 
Woodbury, Swedesboro, Centerton (S$). 

Coast Strip.—Asbury Park, Como, Palermo. 

Cape May. -—peanalles Court House, Anglesea Jnc. (S), Bennett. 


s60 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Helianthemum canadense (L.). Frostweed. 


Cistus canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 526. 1753 [Canada]. 
Helianthemum canadense Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 6. 1818—Knieskern 7. 
Helianthemum majus Britton 53. 

Common in dry sandy soil throughout the State, especially 
abundant in the Pine Barrens. 

As the apetalous flowers begin to develop the plant looks very 
much like a large flowered Lechea. . 

Fl.—(Petaliferous) Early May to late July. Fr—(Of apet- 
aliferous flowers) Early August to early October. 

Middle District—Hartford, Medford (S), Camden, Mickleton, Swedes- 
boro. 

Pine Barrens Farmingdale, Lakehurst, Browns Mills, Whitings, E. and 
W. Plains (S), Speedwell, Applepie Hill (S), Clementon (S), Summer, 
Albion, Atco, Landisville, Cain’s Mill, Folsom, Pleasant Mills, Mays Land- 


ing (S), Absecon. 
Cape May.—Court House, Bennett, Cape May Pt. (S). 


Helianthemum corymbosum Michx. Pine Barren Frostweed. 


Helianthemum corymbosum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 307. 1803 [Carolina 
and Georgia]. 

This plant has been credited to New Jersey by several 
writers, but the only specimen from that State that proves to 
belong to this species is one of Nuttall’s, in the Philadelphia 
Academy herbarium. I have a strong suspicion that two or 
three of Nuttall’s specimens, notably Chondrophora virgata, 
which are labeled New Jersey, really came from farther south, 
and perhaps that is the case with the present plant. At all 
events, diligent search has failed to discover another specimen. 
Nuttall’s label is simply “N. Jersey.” Dr. Britton says: (IIL. 
Flora, ii, p. 440) “Specimens [from! N. J.] so called, prove to 
be H. canadense,” but the Nuttall plant is certainly corymbosum. 


HUDSONIA L. 


Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt. Woolly Hudsonia, Beach Heather. 


Hudsonia tomentosa Nuttall, Gen. II. 5. 1818 [Coast of N. J., Del. and Md.]. 
—Knieskern 7.—Willis 10.—Britton 54.—Keller and Brown 226. 


Common on sands of the seacoast and occasional in the Pine 
Barrens. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 561 


This low, white, woolly shrub, seldom over six inches in height, 
forms patches of considerable extent over the wind-swept sand 
dunes of the coast, which it so closely resembles in color as to 
be inconspicuous, except in late spring, when its branches are 
covered with the little starry yellow blossoms. Like a few other 
maritime species, notably Lechea maritima, it strays inland here 
and there in the white sand of the Pine Barrens, where it seems 
to find conditions quite as favorable to its growth.* 

Fl—tLate May to éarly June. Fr.—Late June into July. ° 

Pine Barrens—Hornerstown, Toms River (S), Head of Batsto (S), Speed- 
well, Quaker Bridge (P). 

Maritime—Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Asbury Park, Pt. Pleasant, 
Forked River, Seaside Park, Barnegat, Beach Haven Terrace (L,), Barnegat 


City (L), Beach Haven (L), Atlantic City, Longport (S), Ocean City (S), 
Five-Mile Beach, Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. (S). 


Hudsonia ericoides L. Heath-like Hudsonia, Pine Barren Heather. 


Hudsonia ericoides Linneus, Mantissa I. 74. 1767 [Virginia] —Pursh, FI. 
Am. Sept. II. 364. 181r4.—Nuttall, Gen. II. 4. 1818—Knieskern 7.— 
Willis 10.—Britton 54.—Keller and Brown 226. 


Common in white sand in the Pine Barrens, also reported from 
Middlesex County. 

This is the “Heather” of the Pine Barrens; the characteristic 
species in the patches of open white sand. It resembles the pre- 
ceding in manner of growth, but is greenish instead of grayish- 
white, lacking the dense tomentum; and its foliage is somewhat 
bristly, as contrasted with the softness of the other species. On 
the ‘“‘plains,” where it reaches its maximum development, I have 
seen it only in late June, when the season of flowering was past, 
but a little earlier, judging from the abundance of seed pods, the 
whole surface of this desolate region must have been a carpet of 
golden bloom. 

Fl.—tLate May to early June. Fr.—Late June into July. 

Pine Barrens—Allaire, Pt. Pleasant, Toms River, Forked River, Island 
Hts. Bamber, Barnegat, New Lisbon (C), Browns Mills, South of New 


Egypt, E. Plains (S), Clementon, Albion, Sumner, Head of Batsto (S), 
Iona (S), Iskip, Williamstown Jnc., Folsom, Willow Grove (NB), Mouth of 


* Cf. Bartlett, Rhodora, Dec. 1909, 221. In re maritime plants away from 
the coast. 


36 MUS 


362 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Batsto (S), Vineland (S), Hammonton (Bassett), Quaker Bridge, Pleasant 
Mills, Batsto, Mays Landing (S), Bridgeton, Atco (P), Absecon (P). 
Coast Strip.—Atlantic City. 


LECHEA. 


Flowering and Fruiting Data.—The date under “Basal leaves” 
signifies the approximate time of their appearance. Along with 
the capsules they are more or less persistent over winter into early 
summer. 

The flowers are small and inconspicuous, and of little or no 
taxonomic importance. ‘They appear in mid or late summer. 
Identification can only be satisfactorily made when mature fruit 
is present, or better when the basal leaves also are developed. 


Lechea minor L. Thyme-leaved Pinweed. 
Pl. LXXXIIL, Fig. 3. 


Eechea minor Linneus, Sp. Pl. 90. 1753 [Canada]. 
Lechea thymifolia Knieskern 8.—Willis 11.—Britton 54. 
Lechea Nove-Cesaree Austin, Gray’s Man. Ed. V. 81. 1867 [N. New Jersey 
and adjacent N. Y.]. 
Frequent in the Pine Barrens, and occasional in outlying 
islands in the Middle district and in the Cape May peninsula. 
Fr.—tLate August to early October. Basal leaves—About 
mid-October. 
Middle District—Red Bank (C), Long Branch (C), Griffith’s Swamp, 
Haddonfield. 
Pine Barrens.—Cassville, Toms River, Pasadena, Chatsworth, Atco (C), 


Penbryn (S), Folsom, Quaker Bridge (S), White Horse (P). : 
Cape May.—Court House (S). 


Lechea racemulosa Michx. Oblong-fruited Pinweed. 
Pl. LXXXIIL., Fig. 2. 
Lechea racemulosa Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 77. 1803 [Virginia]—Pursh, 
Fl. Am. Sept. I. or. 1814.—Britton 54. 
Common in dry sandy ground of the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May peninsula, and occasional in the North and Middle districts. 
Fr.—Early August to mid-September. Basal leaves.—Apbout 
late September. 
Middle Disirict—Oaklyn (S), Orchard (S), Bridgeton (NB). 
Pine Barrens.—Forked River (NB), Fort Barnegat, Speedwell (S), Park- 


dale (S), Penbryn (S), Palermo (S), Tuckahoe (S). 
‘Cape May—Dennisville (S), Cold Spring. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 563 


Lechea villosa Ell. Large Hairy Pinweed. 


Pl. LXXXIIL, Fig. 1. 
Lechea villosa Elliot Bot. S, Car. and Ga. I. 184. 1817 [S. Carolina]. 
Lechea major Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 75. 1818—Knieskern 7. 
Lechea minor Britton 54. 


Dry soil; frequent throughout the State. 

Fr.—Late July to early September. Basal leaves.—About 
mid-September. 

Middle District—Keyport (NB), New Egypt, Medford (S), Orchard (S), 
Lindenwold (S), Westville, Mickleton. 

Pine Barrens—Bamber, Manahawkin, Speedwell (S), Atco, Malaga (S), 
Penbryn (S), Clementon, Landisville, Dennisville (S). 

Cape May.—Seaville, Court House (S), Cape May Pt., Bennett. 


Lechea maritima Leggett. Beach Pinweed. 


Pl. XXXII, Fig. 4. 
Lechea maritima Leggett, Britton Prelim. Cat. N. J. Plants 13. 1881. n.n. 
for L. thymifolia Pursh (nec Michaux). [Virginia] —Britton 54.—Keller 
and Brown 226. 


Common on sandy dunes, etc., along the coast and occasional 
in the Pine Barrens. The inland plant may prove to be L. m. 
‘nterior Robinson (Rhodora, 1908, 34), but it does not seem 
to differ frony the coast form. 

Fr.—Early September to early October. Basal leaves.—About 
late September. 


Pine Barrens —Barnegat, Winslow Jnc. (S), Hammonton, Quaker Bridge 
(C), Egg Harbor City (S). 

Maritime.-—Sandy Hook, N. Spring Lake (NB), Seaside Park, Spray 
Beach (L,), Barnegat City (L), Atlantic City, Longport (S), Ocean City, 
Holly Beach, Wildwood, Cape May, Cape May Pt. 


Lechea tenuifolia Michx. Narrow-leaved Pinweed. 


Lechea tenuifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 77. 1803 [near Santee, $. C.].— 
Britton 55.—Keller and Brown 226. 


But one record: “Phalanx Monmouth Co.—Leggett.” (Brit- 
ton’s Catalogue.) 


Lechea leggettii Britt. and Holl. Leggett’s Pinweed.* 


Pl. LXXXIIL, Fig. 5. 
Lechea Leggettii Britton and Hollick, Prelim. Cat. N. Y. Plants 6. 1888 n. n. 
for Lechea minor Lam. (nec. L.) [Canada].—Britton 54. 
Lechea minor Knieskern 8. 


*I am in doubt as to the identity of L. Leggettii var. pulchella, Britton’s 
Catalogue 55. 


564 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common in dry soil in the northern counties and occasional 
southtward, especially along the Coast strip. 

Fr.—Late July to mid-September. Basal leaves——About mid- 
September. 


Middle District—Medford, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Atsion, Egg Harbor City. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Anglesea, Wildwood. 
Cape May—Cape May (OHB). 


‘Family VIOLACEZE. Violets. 
VIOLA L.* 


Key to the Species. 


a. Plants stemless, leaves and flower scapes growing direct from a root- 
stalk, 

b. Style club-shaped, beakless; orange tips of the stamens large and 
conspicuous in the center of the flower, leaves divided into numerous 
linear segments. Viola pedata lineariloba, p. 565 

bb. Style dilated upward, with a conical beak on the lower side. 

c. Flowers blue or lilac purple. 
d. Leaves heart shaped. 
e. Plants glabrous or essentially so. 
f. Cleistogamous flowers on erect or ascending peduncles. 
g. Cleistogamous flowers long and slender, petaliferous 
flowers usually pale blue with dark blue center. 
V. cucullata, p. 568 
gg. Cleistogamous flowers ovoid, petaliferous flowers 
pale purple. _V. affinis, p. 568 
ff. Cleistogamous flowers on short prostrate peduncles, 
petaliferous flowers deep violet. 17. papilionacea, p. 568 
ee. Plants more or less pubescent. 
f. Leaves palmately 5~o9 lobed. V. palmata, p. 566 
ff. Leaves, or some of them, hastately 3-5 lobed. 
V. p. tribola, p. 506 
fff. Leaves all undivided. 


g. Pubescence general. V. p. sororia, p. 567 
gg. Pubesence confined to the upper surface of the 
leaves, V. hirsutula, p. 568 


dd. Leaves not heart shaped. 
e. Ovate oblong, pubescent, short gedioted, often with short 


basal lobes. V. fimbriatula, p. 569 ~- 
ee. Lanceolate, usually glabrous, basal lobes often dilated and 

incised. V. sagittata, p. 560° 
eee. Deltoid, glabrous, with short lobes at base, petals often 

emarginate, V. emarginata, p. 570 


eeee. Divided into narrow lobes, essentially glabrous. 
—_ V. brittoniana, p. 567 
*Cf. Stone Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, pp. 656-609. Violets of 
Philadelphia and vicinity. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 565 


cc. Flowers white. 


d. Leaves lanceolate. V. lanceolata, p. 571 

dd. Leaves ovate, acute. V. primulifolia, p. 571 
ddd. Leaves heart shaped. 

e. Stem not spotted. V. pallens, p. 570 

ee, Stem red spotted. V. blanda, p. 570 


bbb. Style dilated upward, beakless, flowers yellow, leaves round, cordate. 


V. rotundifolia, p. 570 
aa. Plants with leafy stems. 


b. Style capitate, beakless, bearded at the summit, flowers yellow. 
c. Plant softly pubescent, root leaves often wanting, stem leaves 


often over 7 cm. wide. V. pubescens, p. 571 
cc. Plant sparingly pubescent, root leaves usually 1-2, stem leaves 
smaller. V. scabriuscula, p. 572 

bb. Style not capitate, slender, stipules fringed-toothed. 
c. Flowers white. P V. striata, p. 572 
cc. Flowers pale violet. V. conspersa, p. 572 


bbb. Style much enlarged upward into a globose, hollow summit, stipules 
large, leaf-like, lyrate pinnatifid, flowers bluish white, tinged with 
yellow. V. rafinesquii, p. 572 

Flowering and Fruiting Data.—The flowering season indi- 
cated is that of petaliferous flowers. Under “fruit of cleisto- 
genes” is given the approximate time when mature capsules 
are usually present. 

The flowers of violets are of two kinds. The showy petal- 
iferous blossoms appear early, and only regularly produce fruit 
in a few species. The small green apetalous flowers (cleisto- 
genes) appear later, and generally produce fruit abundantly. 
The characters of the cleistogenes, the seeds and the capsules, are 
very important in the systematic study of the genus. 


Viola pedata lineariloba DC. Bird-foot Violet. 


Pl. LXXXV. 


Viola pedata var. lineariloba DeCandolle, Prodr. I. 291. 1824, based on 
Curtis Bot. Mag. pl. 89 [Virginia].—Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 


1903, 681. 
Viola pedata Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 120. 1818—Knieskern 7.—Willis 9.—' 


Britton 55. ‘ 

Dry sandy soil; occasional through the northern counties, 
common in the ‘Middle district and down the Coastal strip to 
Cape May; rare and apparently introduced in the Pine Barrens. 

The Bird-foot Violet, so different from all the other species, 
with its orange cluster of stamens and large lilac purple flowers, 


566 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


is one of the showiest spring flowers of West Jersey. The 
plants differ greatly in the length of the pedicels; in some they 
are so short that the flowers appear almost sessile, while in 
other more luxuriant examples they stand up six inches from 
the ground. Like most of the other blue violets it is occasionally 
found blooming in the autumn. The true V. pedata, with the 
two upper petals, dark purple, I have never found within our 
limits. 

Fl.—Late April to mid-May, sporadically later. Cleistogenes 
-wanting. 

Middle District—Famingdale, Pemberton (NB), Medford (S), Orchard 
(S), Haddonfield, Clementon, Washington Park, National Park, Westville, 
Mantua, Mickleton, Woodbury, Zion, Glassboro, Marlboro (NB), Bridge- 
ton (8). 

Pine Barrens.—Berlin, ‘Whitings. 


Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Petersburg, Ocean City Jnc. 
Cape May.—Court House. 


Viola palmata L. Palmate Violet. 
Viola palmata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 933. 1753 [Virginia] Britton 55 (in part). 
Rich woodlands of the northern counties and less common 
southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Late April to mid-May. Fr—.Of cleistogenes, mid- 
June to mid-July (approx.). 
Middle District—Freehold (Willis), Medford (S). 


Viola palmata triloba Schwein. Three-lobed Violet. 


Viola triloba Schwein, Amer. Jour. Sci. V. 57. 1822 [no locality, prob- 
ably Pennsylvania]. 

Viola cucullata var. palmata Knieskern 7.—Willis 9. 

Viola palmata Britton 55 (in part). 

Viola palmata dilatata Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1903, 676. 


Common in woodlands of the northern counties and less abun- 
dant southward in the Middle and Cape May districts. 

Fl.—Late April to mid-May. Fr.—Of cleistogenes, mid- 
June to mid-July (approx.). 

Middle District—Medford (S), Haddonfield (S), Collingswood (S), 


Bridgeton (S), Dividing Creek. 
Cape May.—Bayside (OHB), East of Price’s Beach (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 567 


Viola palmata sororia Willd. Blue Woodland Violet. 


Viola sororia Willdenow, Hort. Berol. pl. LXXII. 1806 [North America]. 


Frequent with the preceding. 

These three forms show all sorts of intergrades. The ex- 
tremes, with the narrowly divided leaves (palmata) and un- 
divided leaves (sororia), are much less common in our limits 
than the mire or less three-lobed (triloba). 

Fl—Late April to mid-May. Fr—Of cleistogenes, mid- 
June to mid-July (approx.). 

Middle District—Medford (S). 

Cape May.—Cape May. 


Viola brittoniana Pollard. Britton’s Violet. 


Viola Brittoniana Pollard, Bot. Gazette XXVI, p. 332. 18098 [Boston to 
Va. Beach].—Keller and Brown 227—Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 


1903, 679. 
Viola atlantica Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 1897, 92. 
Viola palmata Britton 55 (in part). 


Frequent along the Coast strip and occasional in the Middle. 
district. 

This very distinct form of the cut-leaved group was first 
recognized by Dr. N. L. Britton, Director of the New York 
Botanic Garden, formerly botanist to the New Jersey Geo- 
logical Survey, and author of the Catalogue of New Jersey 
Plants, 1888. To Dr. Britton’s example and encouragement, and 
to the influence of his Illustrated Flora and Manual are mainly 
due the development of the “new school” of botanists in North 
America and the great advance in our knowledge of the flora 
of the Middle States, where he has been for many years a leader 
both in the field and the herbarium. 

Fl.—Late April to early June. Fr.—Of cleistogenes, late 
July to late August (approx. ). 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Arney’s Mt. (S), Lawnside (S), Orchard 
(S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Salem (NB). 

Coast Strip—Sea Bright (NB), Bay Head, Manahawkin, Cox’s, Tucker- 


ton, West Creek, Somers Point, Absecon (Bassett), Ocean City Jnc., Tucka- 
hoe (S), Cold Spring (S), Cape May. 


568 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Viola pectinata Bicknell. Pectinate Violet. 
Viola pectinata Bicknell, Torreya IV. 129. 1904 [Woodmere, L. 1.]. 


This curious triangular-leafed violet is usually associated with 
V. brittoniana, of which it seems to be an entire leafed form. 
Discovered in our region by Mr. Bayard Long. 

Cape May.—Bennett. 

Viola affinis LeC. Thin-leaved Wood Violet. 
Viola affnis LeConte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. IJ. 138. [no locality]—Stone, Proc. 
Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 671. 

Frequent in moist woods and edges of thickets in the North 
and Middle districts. 

Fl.—tLate April to late May. Fr.—Of cleistogenes, mid-June 
to mid-July (approx.). 

Middle District—Medford (S), Oaklyn (S), Westville, Gloucester Co., 
Quinton. 

Viloa papilionacea Pursh. Blue Meadow Violet. 
Viola papilionacea Pursh, Fl. Am, Sept. I. 173. 1814 [Philadelphia].—Stone, 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 670. 

Fields and edges of woodland; common in the ‘Northern and 
Middle districts. 

Fl.—Mid-April to mid-May. Fr—Of cleistogenes, early 
June to early July (approx.). 


Middle District.—Kinkora, Blackwood, Collingswood, Woodbury, Medford 

(S), Alloway. 

Viola hirsutula Brainerd. Southern Wood Violet. 
Viola hirsutula Brainerd, Rhodora 1907, 98. [n. n. for V. villosa Nutt. nec 
Walter.— Philadelphia]. 

Viola cucullata var. cordata Britton 56. 

Viola villosa cordifolia Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 670. 
Occasional in woods in the Northern and Middle districts. 
Fl.—Late April. to late May. Fr—Of cleistogenes, mid- 

June to mid-July (approx.). 

Middle District—Kinkora, Collingswood (S). 


Viola cucullata Ait. Blue Marsh Violet. 


Pl. LXXXIV.,, Fig. 1. 
Viola cucullata Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 288. 1789 [North America].—Knies- 
kern 7.—Britton 55. 
Viola cucullata macrotis and leptostachya Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
1903, 673. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 569 


Common in swamps and meadows throughout the State, ex- 
cept in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—tLate April to late May. Fr—Of cleistogenes, mid-June 
to mid-July (approx.). 

Middle District—Freehold (Willis), Farmingdale, Bordentown, Delanco, 
Fish House (S), Delair, Medford (S), Orchard (S), Haddonfield, Collings- 
wood, Blackwood, Woodbury, Westville, Washington Park, Glassboro, 


Bridgeton. 
Coast Strip.—Palermo (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


Viola sagittata Ait. Arrow-leaved Violet. 
Pl. UXXXVII. 
Viola sagittata Aiton, Hort. Ken. III. 287. 1789 [Pennsylvania].—Barton, 
Fl. Phila. I. 120. 1818—Knieskern 7.—Britton 56. 

Frequent in fields and on banks in the Northern and Middle 
districts and occasional on the Coast Strip. Rare along railroads 
in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late April to mid-May. Fr.—Of cleistogenes, late June 
to late August (approx.), 

Middle District—Shark River, Fish House, Locust Grove (S), Orchard 
(S), Oaklyn, Woodbury, Yorktown, Riddleton, Alloway. 


Pine Barrens.—Whitings (S). 
Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Palermo. 


Viola fimbriatula J. E. Smith. Ovate-leaved Violet. 
Pl. LXXXVI. 
Viola fimbriatula J. E. Smith, Rees Cyclopedia XXXVIII. 1817 [Canada 
to Virginia]. 
Viola ovata Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 121. 1818.—Willis 9. 
‘Viola sagittata var. ovata Britton 56. 

Frequent in dry soil throughout the Coastal plain, except in 
the Pine Barrens, where it occurs mainly along railroads and is 
not common. 

Fl.—Late April to mid-May. Fr.—Of cleistogenes, late June 
to late August (approx.). 

Middle District—Haddonfield (S), Westville, W. Deptford, Collingswood 
~$), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens. Whitings (S), New Germany (T). 

Coast Strip—Asbury Park, Pt. Pleasant, Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Palermo, 


Mays Landing (NB). 
Cape May.—Court House (S). 


570 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Viola emarginata (Nutt.). Triangle-leaved Violet. 


Viola sagittata emarginata Nuttall, Gen. I. 147. 1818 [New Jersey, near 
Philadelphia] Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 120, 1818—Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. 1903, 684. 

Occasional or locally common through the Middle, Coast and 

Cape May districts; rare in the Pine Barrens along railroads. 

Fl.—Late April to mid-May. Fr—Of cleistogenes, late 

June to late August (approx.). 


Middle District—Medford (S), Orchard (S), Tuckahoe. 
Pine Barrens.—Folsom. 
Coast Strip.—Bayhead. 
Cape May—cCourt House, Cape May (OHB). 
Viola rotundifolia Michx. Round-leaved Violet. 


Viola rotundifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 150. 1803 [High Mountains 
of Carolina].—Britton 56—Keller and Brown 228. 


Frequent or occasional in rich woods of the Northern Coun- 
ties; very rare southward within our limits in the upper Middle 
district. 

Fl.—Early April to late April. Fr—Of cleistogenes, late 
June to late August (apparently). 


Middle District—Keyport (C), Kinkora. 


Viola blanda Willd. Red-stemmed White Violet. 
Viola blanda Willdenow, Hort. Berol. pl. XXIV. 1806 [North America]. 
Rich woods of the northern counties, rare southward, just en- 
tering our limits. 
Fl.—Immature cleistogenes May 28-30, 1910. 


Middle District.—Farmingdale. 


Viola pailens (Banks). Sweet White Violet. 
Pl. LXXXIX. 

Viola rotundifolia pallens “Banks” DeCandolle, Prodr. I. 295 [Labrador]. 
Viola blanda Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 122. 1818.—Knieskern 7.—Britton 56. 

In swampy ground; rather common in the northern counties, 
becoming much less plentiful southward in the Middle district. 

Fl.—tLate April to late May. Fr—Of cleistogenes, mid-June 
to mid-July (approx.). 


Middle District—Bordentown, Riverton (Bassett), Merchantville, Sewell, 
Woodbury, Clementon. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 571 


Viola primulifolia L. Primrose-leaved Violet. 
PL LXXXVIIL, Fig. 1. 


Viola primultfolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 934 [Virginia]—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 
123. 1818—Knieskern 7.—Willis 8.—Britton 56—Stone, Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903, 668. 

Plentiful in swamps throughout the Middle and Coast districts, 
following the Coastal plain north of our limits, also occasional 
in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl—tLate April to early June. Fr.—Of cleistogenes, mid- 
August to mid-October (approx.). 

Middle District Farmingdale, Bordentown, Kinkora, Delanco, New Egypt, 
Browns Mills, Medford, Oaklyn, W. Deptford, Oaklyn (S), Westville, Wood- 
bury, Collingswood, Glassboro, Mickleton, Yorktown, Alloway. 


Pine Barrens.—Landisville (T), Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor (S), Tucka-. 
hoe. 


Coast Strip—Seabright (NB), Pt. Pleasant, Bayhead, Palermo. 


Viola lanceolata L. Lance-leaved Violet. 


Pl. LXXXVIII., Fig. 2. 


Viola lanceolata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 934. 1753 [Canada].—Barton, FI. Phila. I. 
123. 1818.—Knieskern 7.—Britton 56.—Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
1903, 669. 

Plentiful in swamps and bogs throughout our region and 
northward on the Coastal plain and along the Delaware River. 

This is the most widely distributed of the White Violets in our 
region, and the most abundant violet of any kind in the Pine 

Barrens. It is apparently the only one that is truly indigenous 

there, all the others being intrusions from the Middle district. 

Fi.—Late April to early June. Fr.—Of cleistogenes, early 

September to early October ( approx. ). 

Middle District—New Egypt, Delanco, Medford, Orchard (S$), Haddon- 
field, Locust Grove, Haddonfield, Glassboro, Center Sq., Bridgeton (S). 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Forked River, Bear Swamp (S), Head of 
Batsto, Atco, White Horse, Head of Batsto, Clementon (S), Landisville (T), 
Pleasant Mills (T), Egg Harbor River, Mays Landing (NB), Bellevue (T). 

Coast Strip—Bayhead, Spray Beach (L), Surf City (L), Barnegat City 


(L), Sherburn’s (L). 
Cape May.—South Dennis. 


Viola pubescens Ait. Hairy Yellow Violet. 


Viola pubescens Aiton, Hort. Ken. III. 290. 1789 [N. America].—Knieskern 
7,—Willis 10.—Britton 57. , 


572 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE, MUSEUM. 


Frequent in woods of the northern counties, but very rare 
within our limits, being reported definitely only from Cream 
Ridge, Monmouth County (Willis), while Knieskern states that 
it occurs in the same county. 

Fi.—[In Pennsylvania] Late April to mid-May. Fr—Of 
cleistogenes, early July to early August (approx.). 


Viola scabriuscula (T. & G.). Smooth Yellow Violet.* 
Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula Torrey and Gray, Fla. N. A. I. 142. 1838 
[Pennsylvania and Kentucky].—Britton 57. 

Frequent in woods of the northern counties; rarely south in 
the Middle district. 

Fl.—Mid-April to early May. Fr—Of cleistogenes, late 
June to late July (approx. ). 

Middle District—New Egypt, Kinkora, Swedesboro. 


Viola conspersa Reich. American Dog Violet. 


Viola conspersa Reichenbach Iconographia Bottanica I. 44. 1823 [New 
York]. 

Viola canina Willis Io, 

Viola canina var. Muhlenbergit Britton 57. 
Frequent in woods of the northern counties; rare and local 


southward in the Middle district and in the lower Cape May 


peninsula. 
Fl.—tLate April to late May.. Fr—Of cleistogenes, mid- 
June to mid-July (approx.). . 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Pemberton Jnc. (C), Lindenwold, Mullica 
Hill (NB), Swedesboro, Marlboro (NB). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). © 


Viola rafinesquii Greene. Field Pansy. 


Viola refinesquiit Greene, Pittonia IV. 9. 1899. n.n. for V tenella Raf., 
Amer. Mo. Mag. IV. 101. 18190=V. arvensis Nutt. [Vicinity of Phila. 
prob. N. J.] 

Viola bicolor Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 124. 1818. 

Viola tenella Muhlenberg Cat. 26. 1813.—Britton 58. 


Frequent in dry sandy situations throughout the Middle district 
and northward on rocks along the Delaware River. 


*T am convinced that the record of V.- striata, from our region, is based 
on an escape from cultivation. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 573 


/ 

Named in honor of C. S. Rafinesque (1783-1840), an eccentric 
naturalist, but to some extent fulfilling his own estimate that in 
matters of classification and nomenclature he was far in advance 
of the men of his time. Rafinesque was thoroughly acquainted 
with the flora of the Pines and discovered not a few new species 
among the swamps and bogs of this region.* 

Fl.—Mid-April to mid-May. 

Middle District—New Egypt (NB), Crosswicks, Pensauken (S), Moores- 
town (NB), Medford, Locust Grove, Camden, Fancy Hill, Westville, Red 


Bank, Woodbury, Bridgeport, Mantua, Sewell, Bridgeton, Vineland (C). 
Cape May.—Cape May Co. (C). 


Order OPUNTIALES. 


Family CACTACEA. Cacti. 
OPUNTIA Miller. 

Opuntia opuntia (L.). Prickly Pear. 
Pl. XXIX., Fig. 1. 


Cactus Opuntia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 468. 1753 [Pennsylvania and Virginia].— 
Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 327. 1814.—Nuttall, Gen. I. 296. 1818. 

Opuntia vulgaris Knieskern 15.—Britton 111W—Martindale, Bull. Tor. Bot. 
Club VI. 105. 

Opuntia rafinesquii Willis 25.—Martindale, Bull. Tor. Bot. Club VI. 116. 

Opuntia opuntia Britton 229. 


Rocky situations in Bergen, Passaic, Morris and Hunterdon 
Counties, and frequent in sand in the Middle and Coast districts. 
Only_known from the Pine Barrens close to the edge of the 
Middle district. 

Fl.—Early June to early July. 

Middle District—Matawan (Willis), New Egypt, Pemberton (NB), Med- 
ford (S), Clementon (S), Swedesboro, Willow Grove (T), Vineland (S). 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Pt. Pleasant (Kn), Toms River (Kn), Seaside 


Park (S), Barnegat City (L), Tucker’s (L), Beach Haven (L), Atlantic 
City, Wildwood (UP). 


* Cf. Life and Writings of Rafinesque. R. E. Call. Louisville 1895. 


574 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Order THYMELEALES. 


Family THYMELEACEA. Mezereon, etc. 
DIRCA L. 
Dirca palustris L. Leatherwood. 


Dirca palustris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 358. 1753 [Virginia].—Britton 213.—Keller 
and Brown 230. 


Occasional in rich woods of the northern counties and at one 
station within our limits. 
F],—Early or mid-April, probably ; before the leaves. 


Middle District—Two miles west Woodstown, Swedesboro (CDL), Salem 
(H). 
Order MYRTALES. 
Family LYTHRACEZ. Loosestrife, ete. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Calyx tube campanulate, flowers regular. 
b. Flowers small axillary, low aquatic herbs. 


c. Capsule bursting irregularly. [Ammania koehnei]* 
cc. Capsule splitting longitudinally. Rotala ramosior, p. 574 
bb. Flowers large, purple, in axillary cymes, forming whorls, plant an 
aquatic shrub. Decodon verticillatus, p. 575 


aa. Calyx tube cylindrical, flowers regular, purple. 
b. Flowers axillary, solitary. 
c. Leaves mostly alternate, flowers 6-10 mm. broad. ; 
Lythrum alatum, p. 576 
cc. Leaves mostly opposite, flowers 3 mm. broad. 
Lythrum lineare, p. 575 
bb. Flowers in panicled terminal spikes 12-16 mm. broad. 
(L. salicaria L.]* 
aaa, Calyx tube tubular, flowers irregular, purple, plant viscid. 
Parsonia petiolata, p. 576 


ROTALA L. 
Rotala ramosior (L.). Rotala. 


Ammania ramosior Linneus, Sp. Pl. 120. 1753 [Virginia]—Britton 107. 
Ammania humilis Barton, Fl. Phila. I. g1. 1818.—Willis 24. 
Rotala ramosior Keller and Brown 230. 


* Occurs on the Hackensack Marshes. 
7 Purple Loosestrife, wet meadows and swamps locally introduced. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 575 


Swamps in the western part of the Middle district to the Cape 
May peninsula and the lower Coast district and southwestern 
edge of the Pine Barrens. Also at Closter, Bergen County. 

Fl._—Early July into September. Fr.—Late July through 
autumn. 


Middle District—Burlington (C), Florence, Delanco, Camden (P), Glou- 
cester Pt., Mickleton, Sharpstown. i 

Pine Barrens.—Woodbine, Belleplain (S). 

Coast Strip.—Palermo. 

Cape May.—Anglesea Jnc., Bennett. 


DECODON J. F. Gmelin. 


Decodon verticillatus (L.). Swamp Loosestrife. 


Pl. CVIIL, Fig. 1. 
Lythrum verticillatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 446. 1753 [Virginia]—Barton, FI. 
Phila, I. 223. 1818. 
Nese@a verticillata Knieskern 14.—Britton 108. 
Decodon verticillatus Keller and Brown 230. 

Swamps; common throughout the State, especially in the Pine 
Barrens and Cape May district. 

A conspicuous plant on the edges of ponds, with long, wand- 
like branches and verticils of purple flowers. The base of the 
stems, growing in water or wet sphagnum, are often covered 
with a leathery or corky growth, such as is frequent in Rhesxia 
virginica and aristosa, Hypericum adpressum, Ludvigia sphaero- 
carpa, etc. 

Fl.—Early August to early September. Fr.—Early Septem- 
ber into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House, Camden, Swedesboro, Dividing 
“ee Barrens——Toms River (P), Parkdale (S), Cedar Brook, Clementon, 
Malaga (S), Landisville (T), Mouth of Batsto, Mays Landing, Tuckahoe 
an Strip.—Manahawkin, Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Ship Bot- 


tom (L), Absecon (Bassett), Wildwood, Dennisville. 
Cape May.—Seaville (S), Dias Creek, Green Creek, Whitesboro. 


LYTHRUM L. 
Lythrum lineare L. Linear-leaved Loosestrife. 


Lythrum lineare Linneus, Sp. Pl. 447. 1753 [Virginia] —Willis 24.—Britton 
1o7.—Stone, Bartonia I. 23. 


576 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Rare and local along the edge of the salt marshes, and reported 
from the Hackensack nreadows north of our boundary. 
Fl.—Early August to mid-September. Fr.—Mid-September, 
through autumn. 
Maritime—Monmouth and Ocean Counties on Salt Marsh (C), Atlantic 
County (T), Palermo, Cold Spring. 
Lythrum alatum Pursh. Wing-angled Loosestrife. 


Lythrum alatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 334. 1814 [Lower Georgia].—Britton 
107.—Keller and Brown 231. 


Rare and local; apparently introduced. 

F].—Late June to early August. /r.—Mid-September through: 
autumn. 

Middle District—New Egypt. 

Pine Barrens.—Williamstown Jnce. 

Coast Strip.—Beach Haven (L). 

Cape May.—Cape May. 

PARSONSIA P. Browne. 
Parsonsia petiolata (L.). Clammy Cuphea. 

Lythrum petiolatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 446. 1763 [Virginia]. 
Cuphea petiolata Britton 108. 

Occasional or frequent in the Northern and Middle districts, 
usually appearing as a weed in cultivated fields. 

Fl.—Late July into October. Fr.—Early September through 
autumn. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Moorestown (NB), Gloucester (P), Cooper's. 
Ferry, Mickleton (H), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S). 


Family MELASTOMACE®. Meadow-Beauties, 


Key to the Species. 


a. Stem cylindric, very pubescent, flowers pale purple. Rhexia mariana, p. 578 
aa, Stem square or angled, flowers deep purple. 


b. Plant more or less pubescent, leaves ovate. R. virginica, p. 576 
bb. Plant glabrous, leaves lance-oblong. R. aristosa, p. 577 
RHEXIA L, 


Rhexia virginica L. Meadow Beauty. 


Rhexia virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 346. 1753 [Virginia]—Barton, Fl. Phila. 
I. 180. 1818—Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I, 222. 1803.—Knieskern I4— 
Willis 24.—Britton 106. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 577 


Common in sandy swamps throughout the Coastal plain region 
and northward to Closter, Bergen County, and Stockton, H'unter- 
don County. Especially abundant in the Pine Barrens. 

This plant seems to take the place of such late spring plants as 
Limodoruim, Arethusa, etc., in the color scheme of the swamps 
and bogs of the Pine Barrens, and throughout the latter part of 
summer its gorgeous flowers are conspicuous, sometimes in 
scattered clumps or individual plants, and again massed in 
large patches, so that the whole surface of the bog seems crim 
son. ‘There is a certain amount of variation in color, some 
flowers being very deep magenta, but they never approach the 
pale pink of R. mariana. 

Fl.—Early July to mid-September. Fr.—Early August into 
autumn. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Pemberton Jnc. (S), Linden- 
wold, Fish House, Kaighns Pt., Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Center 
Square, Paulsboro, Salem (S). 

Pine Barrens—Whitings (S), Speedwell (S), Parkdale, Bear Swamp, 
Cedar Brook, Clementon (S), Landisville (T), Hospitality Branch (T), 
Ege Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S), Belleplain (S), Woodbine, Sea Isle Jnc., 
Dennisville (S). 

Coast Strip—Waretown, Cox’s, N. Beach Haven (L), Holgate’s (U), 


Ocean View (S), Beesley’s Pt. (S), Anglesea. 
Cape May.—Green Creek (S), Cape May. 


Rhexia aristosa Britton. Awned Meadow Beauty. 


Rhesia aristosa Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XVII. 14 pl. o9. 1890 [Egg 
Harbor City, N. J.]—Britton 107—Keller and Brown 231. 


Rare and local; confined to the Pine Barrens. 

The original specimens were discovered by Messrs. E. H. Kil- 
mer and John C. Gifford in August, 1888, at Egg Harbor City 
and sent to Rev. John C. Peters, who submitted them to Dr. 
Britton. He at once recognized them as representatives of a 
new species. While the plant was collected on several subsequent 
occasions at the type locality, it has been found at only one other 
station, and that only a few miles to the east, near Cologn, where 
Mr. C. F. Saunders discovered it on August 21, 1898. 


37 MUS 


378 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fi.—Late July to late August. Fr—Late September into 
autumn. 
Pine Barrens—Egeg Harbor City, Cologn.* 


Rhexia mariana L. Maryland Meadow Beauty. 


Rhexia mariana Linnezus, Sp. Pl. 346. 1753 [Maryland].—Barton, Fl. Phila. 
I. 180. 1818—Knieskern 14.—Willis 24.—Britton 107~—Keller and 
Brown 231. 


Common in moist sandy ground throughout the Pine Bar- 
rens, Cape May peninsula and western part of the Middle dis- 
trict, occasional on the coast. Not reported in the State north of 
our limits. 

Fi.—Early July to early September. F'r.—Early August into 
autumn. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Florence, Burlington (C), Pemberton Jnc. 
(S), Mt. Holly, Moorestown (C), Medford (S), Haddonfield (S), Grif 
fith’s Swp. (C), Kirkwood (C), Lawnside (S), Woodbury, Lindenwold, 
Mickleton (H), Bridgeton (NB), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Clementon, Albion, Atco, Braddock’s Mill, Winslow (S), 
New Italy, Pancoast (S), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (NB), Tuckahoe 
(S). 

Cape May.—Clermont, Dias Creek (S), Cold Spring (S), Cape May, Cape 
May Pt. 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (C), Cox’s, Beesley’s Pt. (S). 


Family ONAGRACE. Evening Primroses, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Calyx divisions and petals 2. Circea lutetiana, p. 585 
aa. Calyx divisions and petals 4. . 
b. Prostrate herbs, creeping or floating, leaves opposite, flowers axillary. 
c. Flowers sessile, inconspicuous. Isnardia palustris, p. 580 
cc. Flowers stalked, with yellow conspicuous petals. 
Ludwigiantha arcuta, p. 579 
bb. Upright herbs. 
c. Petals none, or small, yellowish or greenish, inconspicuous, flowers 
axillary. 
d. Capsules subglobose or top shaped, leaves lanceolate, acute 
at both ends, 50-100 mm. long. Ludvigia spherocarpa, p. 580 
dd. Capsules obpyramidal, several times longer than broad, leaves 


narrowly linear, 25~50x 2 mm. L,. linearis, p. 581 
cc. Petals conspicuous, yellow. 
d. Stamens 4. 


* The records for Woodbine and Cape May in Keller and Brown prove to 
be R. virginica. ; 


ube 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 579 


e. Plant hirsute, capsules bristly pubescent. L. hirtella, p. 581 
ee. Plant glabrous or nearly so, capsules glabrous. 
L. alternifolia, p. 582 
dd. Stamens 8. 
e. Stamens equal in length, capsule cylindrical, 
f. Tall, 3-25 dm. high, flowers 25-so mm. broad, in a 
leafy bracted terminal spike. Oenothera biennis, p. 583 
ff. Low or decumbent, 1-5 dm. high, flowers 12~30 mm. 
broad, axillary. 
g. Leaves repand dentate, the lower pinnatified, plant 
silvery appressed-pubescent. O. humifusa, p. 583 
gg. Leaves oblong or oval lanceolate, sinnate dentate 
often pinnatifid, plant glabrous or sparingly pu- 
bescent. O. laciniata, p. 583 
ee. Stamens unequal in length, the alternate ones longer, 
capsule more or less club-shaped. 
f. Flowers 10-25 mm. broad, plant 2-6 dm. high. 
Kneiffia pumila, p. 585 
ff. Flowers 25-50 mm. broad. _ 
g. Capsule glabrous or sparingly pubescent, with 


glandular hairs. K. fruticosa, p. 585 
gg. Capsule pubescent, with fine incurved glandless 
hairs. K, linearis, p. 584 


ggg. Capsule pubescent, with numerous straight 
spreading glandless hairs. 
K. longipedicellata, p. 584 
ccc. Petals pink, whitish or purple. 
d, Fruit a long slender pod splitting lengthwise, seeds with long 
downy coma. 
e. Flowers 15-30 mm. broad, purple, in showy terminal 
racemes. Chamenerion angustifolium, p. 582 
ee. Flowers 4-6 mm. broad, pink or white. 
f. Leaves linear or lanceolate, entire or nearly so; stem 
pubescent, with straight spreading hairs. 
Epilobium molle, p. 582 
ff. Leaves lanceolate, serrate, stem somewhat canescent 
above with incurved hairs. E. coloratum, p. 583 
dd. Fruit ovoid, hard, nut-like, 1-4 seeded, flowers 8-10 mm. 
broad; white or. pinkish, turning reddish as they fade. 
i Gaura biennis, p. 585 
LUDWIGIANTHA Small. 
Ludwigiantha arcuata (Walt.). Creeping Ludwigia. 


igiontha arcuata Walter, Fl. Car. 89. 1788 [Carolina]. 


Coast strip; rare and local. 
Mr. Bayard Long, who discovered this interesting plant, has 
furnished me with the following information concerning it: 


“On 


the northern part of the New Jersey coast there are numer- 


ous fresh water ponds of appreciable dimensions, but on Long 


580 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Beach Island there are only a few small pond holes, which dry up 
in large part during the summer. These pond holes are the 
habitat of such interesting species as Zannichellia palustris and 
Potamogeton pectinatus in the water, while on the wet, muddy, 
sandy margin, or on the bottom as the water recedes, are 
Limosella, Hypericum boreale, Cyperus diandrus, Ilysanthes 
anagallidia, Scirpus nanus, etc. 

In such a habitat grows the plant here temporarily referred 
to Ludwigiantha arcuata. It grows in extensive mats, creeping 
over the moist sand and mud on the margin of a pond hole at 
St. Albans. It appears to be a much more robust plant than the 
southern species and differs constantly from it in numerous 
characters, the most striking of which is the length of the flower 
peduncle, which is shorter than the leaves, instead of longer. It 
has not been possible, as yet, to make comparison with material 
from Virginia, the nearest known station, but unless this should 
prove intermediate between the New Jersey plant and material 
from farther south, the former would appear to represent a 
distinct species.’ 

Fl.—July and August, probably. 

Coast Strip—sSt. Albans (1,), (BC). 


ISNARDIA L. 
Isnardia palustris L. Marsh Purslane. 


Isnardia palustris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 120. 1753 [Europe and Virginia].—Bar- 
ton, Fl. Phila. I. 85. 1818. 
Ludwigia palustris Knieskern 14.—Britton 100. 

Ditches and edges of ponds; commen in the Northern, Middle 
and Coast districts. Very rare and probably introduced in the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Mid-June into September. Fr—Mid-July into October. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Pemberton (NJ), New Egypt, Delanco 
(S), Delair, Fairton (S). 

Pine Barrens——Hammonton (T), Pleasant Mills (T). 

Coast Strip—Forked River (NB), Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), 
Palermo (S), Ocean City (S$), Holly Beach (UP), Cold Spring (OHB), 
Cape May (P). 

LUDVIGIA L. 
Ludvigia sphzerocarpa Ell. Globe-fruited Ludwigia. 


Ludwigia spherocarpa Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 213, 1817 [Orangeburgh, 
S. Carolina]—Willis 24—Britton 109.—Keller and Brown 232. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 581 


Frequent in swamps in the Pine Barrens, Cape May peninsula 
and southern part of the Middle district. Only reported from 
north of our region at Closter, Bergen County, but occurs also 
in lower Mercer county. 

Fl.—tLate July to mid-September. Fr.—Late August to mid- 
October. 


Middle District—Delanco, Center Square, Mickleton, Mannington (C), 
Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Parkdale, Atsion, Newtonville, Pleasant Mills (T), Egg 
Harbor City (KB), Mays Landing (Leeds), Woodbine. 

Cape May.—Green Creek (S), Bennett. 


Ludvigia hirtella Raf. Hairy Ludwigia. 


Ludwigia hirtella Rafinesque, Med. Rep. (II.) 5. 358. 1808 [near Balti- 
more].—Willis 24.—Britton tog.—Keller and Brown 232. 


Swampy ground; rare and local; Pine Barrens and lower part 
of the Cape May peninsula. 

This plant was known to both Pickering and Nuttall from 
the State, though who first discovered it in New Jersey I cannot 
say. Parker obtained it at Atsion, Burlington County, September 
26, 1867; Bassett, near Hammonton, August 9, 1879, and Gross 
near Landisville. On July 22, 1905, I discovered it below Cape 
May Court House, and subsequently it has turned up in several 
bogs in lower Cape May. 

Its strict stem and hairy leaves give it quite a different aspect 
from the other species of the genus found in our region. 

Fl.—Early July to late August. Fr—Early August to late 
September. 


Pine Barrens.—Atsion, “Landisville’=Main Road Sta. (T), Hammon- 
ton, Quaker Bridge (C), Batsto (C), “Burlington Co.” Parker (NB). 
Cape May.—Below Court House, Cold Spring, Bennett. 


Ludvigia linearis Walt. Linear-leaved Ludwigia. 


Ludwigia linearis Walter, Fl. Car. 89. 1788 [S. Carolina] —Willis 24.— 
Britton 109.—Keller and Brown 232. 


Swamps of the Pine Barrens; not comimon. 

Fl—Early July to early September. Fr—Late August to 
early October. 

Pine Barrens—Atsion, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Woodbine.* 


* The Mays Landing record (KB) seems to refer to something else. There 
is no specimen in Mr. Lippincott’s herbarium. 


582 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Ludvigia alternifolia L. Seed Box. 

Ludvigia alternifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 118. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Ludwigia alternifolia Knieskern 14.—Britton 109. 

Swamps; common throughout the State. 

Fl_—Early July to late August. Fr.—Early August to late 
September, and more or less persistent through autumn. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Burlington, Fish House, Delaire, Pemberton 
Jnc. (S), Camden, Oaklyn (S), Dividing Creek. 

Coast Strip.—Long Branch, Forked River, Barnegat City (L), Surf City 
(L), Holgate’s (1,), Ocean City (S), Five-Mile Beach, Cold Spring (S). 

Pine Barrens —Landisville (T), Winslow (S), Parkdale (S), Woodbine 
(S). 


CHAMAENERION Adanson. 
Chamzenerion angustifolium (L.). Fire Weed. 


Epilobium angustifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 347. 1753 [Northern Europe].— 
Knieskern 14. 
Epilobium spicatum Britton 108. 

Frequent in woods and clearings of the northern counties, and 
not uncommon in our region in burnt ground, apparently recently 
introduced as a weed along the railroad. 

Fl.—Early June to early September. Fr.—Late June to late 
September. 

Middle District—N. Spring Lake (NB), New Egypt, Griffiths Swamp, 
Sicklerville, Camden (C), Bridgeport (H), Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Forked River, Bamber, New Lisbon (C), White Horse, 
Inslip, Atco (C), Evansville (C), Landisville, Winslow Jnc., Hammontot, 


Tuckahoe (S), Woodbine (S). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


EPILOBIUM L. 


Epilobium molle Torr.* Downy Willow-herb. 


Epilobium molle Torrey, Fl. U. S. I. 303. 1824 [Schenectady, N. Y.]. 
Epilobium strictum Britton 109.—Keller and Brown 233. 

Locally in swamps of the northern counties, once reported 
from within our limits at Pemberton on authority of Lighthipe 
(Britton’s Cat.). 


* The record of this species at Sea Isle City, given by Keller and Brown, 
proves to be E. coloratum, that of E. lineare from Cape May (Jahn) 1s almost 
certainly the same, though no specimens are preserved. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 583 


Epilobium coloratum Muhl. Purple-leaved Willow-herb. 
Epilobium coloratum Muhlenberg in Willdenow, Enum. I. 411. 1809 [Pensa- 
sylvania].—Knieskern 14.—Britton 109. 
Damp ground throughout the State; common. 
Fi.—Late July to early September. Fr—Mid-August to early 
October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Delanco, Medford (S$), Oaklyn (S), Lawn- 
side (S), Salem (S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Whitings (S), Landisville, Quaker Bridge (S), Tuckahoe 
(S). 

Coast Strip.—Seaside Park, Spray Beach (L), Surf City (L), Beach Haven 
(L), Holgate’s (L), Absecon (S), Ocean City (S), Wildwood (UP). 

Cape May.—Green Creek (S), Bennett (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


CENOTHERA L. 
CEnothera biennis (L.). Evening Primrose. 
Ginothera biennis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 346 [Virginia]—Knieskern 14.—Britton 
109. 

Dry open ground; common in the Northern, Middle and Coast 
districts south to Cape May. To a great extent a weed in waste 
and cultivated ground, and in that character occasional in the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—lLate June into October. Fr.—Late July through autumn. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Edge of Bear Swamp, Fish House. 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Asbury Park, Barnegat City (L), Ship 
Bottom (L), Crowleytown, Absecon, Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Pier- 
mont (S), Wildwood, Cold Spring (S). 

Pine Barrens —Landisville (introduced). 

’ CEnothera humifusa Nutt. Seaside Primrose. 

Cnothera humifusa Nuttall, Gen. I. 245. 1818 [near Cumberland Island, 
Fla.]—Britton 110.—Keller and Brown 233. 

Frequent on the sand dunes and upper beaches of the southern 
coast. 

F].—Farly July to late September. Fr—Early August to late 
October. 


Coast Strip——Ocean City, Anglesea, Holly Beach (TI), Cape May. 


CEnothera laciniata Hill. Sinuate-leaved Primrose. 


Gnothera laciniata Hill, Veg. Syst. XII. 64. .1767 [Carolina]—Keller and 
Brown 233. 

Gnothera sinuata Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 182, 1818—Willis 24.—Brittom 140. 

Cnothera sinuata var. minima Nuttall, Gen. 1. 182. 1818.—Britton 110. 


584 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent in the Middle and Coast districts, largely a weed in 
cultivated ground, and as such found in the Pine Barrens. Not 
reported in the State north of our limits. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-July. Fr—Mid-June to mid-August. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Beverly, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Mt. Holly, 
Vincentown (NB), Kaighns Pt., Camden, Medford (S), Locust Grove, Glass- 


boro, Mickleton. 
Pine Barrens.—Landisville, Atco, Head of Batsto, Atsion, Hammonton 


(Bassett). 

Coast Strip—Spray Beach (L,), Atlantic City, Wildwood, Cold Spring 
(OHB), Cape May, Cape May Pt. 

KNEIFFIA Spach. 
Kneiffia linearis (Michx.). Narrow-leaved Sundrops. 
Gnothera linearis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 225. 1803 [Upper Carolina] — 
Willis 24. 

(Enothera fruticosa var. linearis Britton 110. 
Kneifia linearis Keller and Brown 234. 


Common in dry open ground all along the Coastal strip, and 
less plentiful in the Middle district and Pine Barrens. ‘This 
seems to be decidedly the most common Evening Primrose of 
our region. 

Fl.—Early June to early August, sporadically later. Fr.— 
early July to early September. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Pemberton (C), Canton (C), Mickleton 
(H). 5; 

Pine Barrens—Allaire (S), Quaker Bridge (C), Landisville, Eslelville 
(T), Mays Landing, Mullica River (Bassett), White Horse (S), Belleplam 
(S), Williamstown Jnc. 

Coast Strip —Pt. Pleasant (S), Seaside Park, Deal (C), Spray Beach (L), 
Surf City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Manahawkin, Absecon (C), Atlantic 
City (C), Ocean City (C), Piermont (C), Holly Beach, Cape May (S). 


Kneiffia longipedicellata Small. Long-stemmed Sundrops. 


Kneiffia longipedicellata Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXIII. 178. 1896 [W. 
Virginia to N. Carolina and Florida].—Keller and Brown 234. 


Apparently confined to the Middle district, and very rare. 
Typical specimens examined from Swedesboro, collected by Mr. 
Chas. D. Lippincott and others from Williamstown Jnc., the 
latter growing with C. linearis, but maintaining their peculiarities 
of pubescence. 

Fl. and Fr. probably similar to K. linearis. 


Middle District.—Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens.—Williamstown Jnc. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 585 


Kneiffia fruticosa (I.). Sundrops. 
CGinothera fruticosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 346. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 14.— 
Britton 110. 


Common in the northern counties; rare southward in the Mid- 
dle district. 


Fl.—Early June to early August. Fr.—Maturing apparently 
later than in K. linearts. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Lindenwold (S$), Swedesboro, Three miles 
N. W. Mickleton. 


Kneiffia pumila (L.). Dwarf Sundrops. 


Ginothera pumila Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 493. 1762 [North America].— 
Willis 24—Britton 110. 


Gnothera fruticosa var. ambigua Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 182. 1878. 

Dry open ground; frequent in the Northern and upper Middle 
districts and rarely in cape May County and the Pine Barrens; 
apparently introduced in the latter region. 

Fl.—Late May to mid-July. Fr—tLate June to mid-August. 


Middle District—Crosswicks, Brindletown, Medford (S$), Haddonfield (S), 
Sicklerville, Cains Mill, Mickleton. 

Pine Barrens—Atco, Williamstown Jnc. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


GAURA L. 
Gaura biennis L. Gaura. 
Gaura biennis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 347. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsylvania] — 
Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 183. 1818. 

At a number of stations in the northern counties, mainly along 
the banks of the Delaware River, rarely southward as far as 
Camden. : 

Fl.—Early July into October. Fr.—Early September through 
autumn. 


Middle District—Fish House, Camden, On the Delaware River (P). 


CIRCAEA L. 
Circzea lutetiana L. Enchanter’s Nightshade. 


Circea lutetiana Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 9. 1753 [Europe and America].—Britton 
III. 


Common in woods of the northern counties and occasional 
southward in the Middle district. 


586 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Mid-June to late July. Fr—Late July to early Sep- 
tember. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arney’s Mt. (S), Camden Co. 
(CP), Mickleton (H), Swedesboro. 


Family HALORAGIDACEA. Water-milfois. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers perfect, the parts in threes, petals none, plant growing on mud 
or in shallow water, 2-5 dm. long. 

b. Leaves with flowers in their axils, lanceolate, serrate; those without 
flowers usually pectinate. Proserpinaca palustris, p. 586 

bb. Leaves all pectinate. P. pectinata, p. 587 

aa. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, the parts in fours; plant usually float- 
ing in watet with leaves often whorled and finely divided. When grow- 
ing on mud, plant very small with leaves reduced. 

b. Flowering stems practically naked, accompanied by nearly naked, up- 
right sterile stems, leaves, when present, filiform, undivided, growing 
upright in shallow water, 7-35 cm. high. Myriophyllum tenellum, p. 587 

bb. Flowering stems leafy. 

c. Flowers on the axils of unmodified foliage leaves. 
Carpels smooth and plump. M. humile, p. 588 
dd. Carpels with prominent, irregular dorsal ridges. 
M. pinnatum, p. 588 
cc. Flowers in terminal naked spikes or in the axils of greatly reduced 
and modified leaves. 
d. Leaves in definite whorls, carpels papillose, roughened. 
M. heterophyllum, p. 588 
dd. Leaves variously arranged on the same plant, carpels with 
irregular dorsal ridges. M. pinnatum, p. 588 


PROSERPINACA L. 

Proserpinaca palustris L. Mermaid-weed. 
Proserpinaca palustris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 88. 1753 [Virginia]—Barton, FI. 

Phila. I. 76. 1818.—Britton 105.—Keller and Brown 234. 
Occasional in swamps in the northern counties; locally in the 
Middle district and common along the Coastal strip to Cape May. 
Mr. K. K. Mackenzie has described as P. intermedia (‘Torreya 
1910, p. 250) a plant from half way between Barnegat Pier anc 
Island Heights Jnc., which has the emersed fruiting leaves pec- 
tinate with a broad marginal rachis. P. palustris regularly puts 
forth shoots with this sort of leaves late in the season or where 
the water in which it grows becomes dried up, and I am by no 
means convinced that this is not a form of this species, in which 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 587 


such branches are fertile. I am indebted to Mr. Mackenzie for 
specimens from the type collection. Mr. Bayard Long has col- 
lected the same thing at Bennett, Cape May Co., August 13th, 
IQII. 

Fl.—Mid-June into September. Fr.—Mid-July into October. 


Middle District—Pine Cottage, Delanco (S), Medford (S), Swedesboro, 
Dividing Creek. 

Coast Strip—Long Branch, Barnegat City (L,), Brant Beach (L), Surf 
City (L), Holgate’s (L), Mays Landing, Ocean View (S), Piermont (S$), 
Avalon, Anglesea, Cape May Ct. House (S), Cold Spring (S), Cape May Pt. 


Proserpinaca pectinata Lam. Cut-leaved Mermaid-weed. 


Proserpinaca pectinata Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl, pl. 50, f. 1, I. 214. 1791 
[North America].—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 92. 1814.—Barton, Fi. 
Phila. I. 76. 1818—Knieskern 14.—Willis 23.—Britton 105—Keller and 
Brown 234. 

Common in swamps of the Pine Barrens and Cape May penin- 
sula, rare and local in the outlying islands in West Jersey. 

Fl.—Mid-June into September. Fr.—Mid-July into October. 

Middle District.—Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Shark River, Forked River, Tuckerton, Manchester (Kn), 

Speedwell, Bear Swamp, Berlin (C), Atsion, Parkdale (S), Quaker Bridge 


(NB), Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Bennett. 


MYRIOPHYLLUM L. 
Myriophyllum tenellum Bigel. Slender Water Milfoil. 


Myriophyllum tenellum Bigelow, Fl. Bost. Ed. 2. 346. 1824 [Fresh Pond 
and Tewksbury, Mass.].—Britton 106.—Keller and Brown 235. 
In shallow ponds along the upper Coast and on the Delaware 
River shore, rare and local. 
Apparently first discovered in the State by Prof. E. H. Day 
in a shallow pond near the coast at Pt. Pleasant, July 17, 1882. 
Fl—Early July into September. Fr—Early August into 
October. Flowers and fruits rare and dates somewhat con- 
jectural. 


Middle District.—Fish House. 
Coast Sirip.—Pt. Pleasant, Spring Lake (KB). 


588 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Myriophyllum humile (Raf.). Low Water Milfoil. 


Burshia humilis Rafinesque, Med. Rep. (II.) 5. 357. 1808 [New Jersey]. 

Myriophyllum ambiguum Nuttall, Gen. II. 212. 1818—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 
164. 1818.—Knieskern 14.—Willis 23. 

Myriophyllum ambiguum var. limosum Nuttall, Gen. II. 212. 1818. 


Ponds of the Pine Barrens, Middle and Coast districts, fre- 
quent. 

Most of the records of Myriophyllum heterophyllum and 
verticillatum for our region appear to belong here. The species 
presents a great diversity of form, small plants creeping in 
mud are form hunule, those entirely submerged in deep water 
are capillacea, and those with an emersed spike natans. 

Rafinesque proposed a new genus for the terrestrial form, 
naming it in honor of Frederick Pursh, the first botanist to 
publish his researches upon the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Un- 
fortunately a typographical error in Rafinesque’s paper makes 
the genus “Burshia” in honor of “Mr. Bursh.” 

Fl—tEarly June into October. Fr—Late June through 
autumn. 


Middle Distrct—Keyport (C), Freehold (C), Pemberton (NB), Camden, 
Gloucester (NB), Clementon, Riddleton, Millville. 
Pine Barrens—Jackson, Taunton, Landisville, Pancoast, Egg Harbor City 


(P). 
Coast Strip—Deal (KB), Toms River (McK), Manahawkin, Wildwood 
(H). 


Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.). Pinnate Water Milfoil. 


Potamogeton pinnatum Walter, Fl. Car. 90. 1788 [South Carolina]. 
Myriophyllum scabratum Willis 23. 
Myrophyllum pinnatum Britton 105.—Keller and Brown 235. 


Ponds of the Middle and Coast districts south to Cape May, 
frequent; apparently not in the Pine Barrens. 
Fl.—Early June into autumn. Fr—Late June into autumn. 
Middle District—Freehold (C), Washington Park (S), Westville (KB), 
Taunton (S), Swedesboro, Riddleton. 
Coast Strip—Wildwood, Anglesea, Cape May (NB and P), Cape May Pt. 
Myriophylium heterophyllum Michaux. Various-leaved Water Milfoil. 


Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michaux, Flor. Bor. Am. II. 191 [Carolina and 
Georgia].—Britton 106.—Keller and Brown 235. 


Very rare-within our limits. Collected by F. L. Bassett in 
1882 at Hammonton. 


Pine Barrens—Hammonton. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 589 


Order UMBELLALES. 


Family ARALIACEA. Ginsengs. 
Key to the S‘pecies. 


a. Leaves alternate, decompound; styles 5. 
b. Umbels numerous, in a large panicle, leaves large, decompound. 
c. A spiny shrub or tree, leaflets thick, ovate. Aralia spinosa, p. 589 
cc. A large, branching ,unarmed herb, leaflets thin, cordate. 
A. racemosa, p. 5890 
bb. Umbels 2-7, stem short, somewhat woody, leaves bipinnate. 


c. Plant prickly, with a leafy stem. i A, hispida, p. 590 
cc. Plant unarmed, leaves and peduncle arising independently from 
the root-stall. A. nudicaulis, p. 589 


aa. Leaves verticillate, styles 2 or 3. 
A low herb, 7-20 cm. high, leaves with 3-5 palmately arranged leaflets. 
Panax trifolium, p. 590 


ARALIA L. 

Aralia racemosa L. Wild Spikenard. 
' Aralia racemosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 273. 1753 [Canada].—Barton, FI. Phila. I. 

156. 1818.—Britton 119. 

Frequent in woods of the northern counties, rare southward 
in the Middle district within our limits. 

Fl.—Eaarly July to late August. Fr—Early September into 
October. 


Middle District—Holmdel (C), Blackwood, Mt. Ephraim (P). 


Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla. 
Aralia nudicaulis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 274. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 16.— 
Willis 27.—Britton 119. 

Frequent in woods of the Northern, Middle and Coast dis- 
tricts; rather rare in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl_—Early May to late May. Fr—Late June to mid-July 
(approx. ). 

Middle District—Shark River, New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Sickler- 
ville, Glassboro, Bridgeton (S). 

Pine Barrens—Davenport, Albion, Landisville, Tabernacle, Waterford (P). 


Coast Strip —Pt. Pleasant (S), Forked River, Cox’s Barnegat, Surf City 
(L), Manahawkin, Holly Beach (UP). 


Aralia spinosa L. Hercules Club. 


Aralia spinosa Linnus, Sp. Pl. 273. 1753 [Virginia]_—Britton 119.—Keller 
and Brown 236. 


590 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Very rare, Middle and Pine Barren districts; possibly in part 
introduced, but certainly native in Delaware. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), Mantua (H), probably an escape. 
Pine Barrens —Swamp at Ancora, July 28, C. F. Parker (P). 


Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla. 


Aralia hispida Ventenot, Hort. Cels. pl. 41. 1800 [Quebec].—Knieskern 16.— 
Willis 27.—Britton 119—Keller and Brown 236. 


Open sandy soil of the northern counties occasional or locally 
common; very rare southward within our limits, in the upper 
Coast district, according to Knieskern. Mr. C. S. Williamson 
assures me that it occurred at Asbury Park, though the locality 
is now destroyed. , 

Coast Strip—Monmouth and Ocean Counties (C), Asbury Park (KB). 


PANAX L. 
Panax trifolium L. Dwarf Ginseng. 
Panazx trifolium Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1059, 1753 [Virginia]. 
Aralia trifolia Willis 27—Britton 119. 
Frequent in woods of the northern counties, rare or local 
southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—tLate April to mid-May. F'r.—Mid-May to early June. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Farmingdale, Pemberton (C), Medford 
(S), Timber Creek (P), Haddonfield, Mantua, Mickleton (H), Swedesboro, 
Marlboro (NB). 


Family UMBELLIFERAE. Carrots, ete. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves simple, undivided or slightly lobed. 
b. Leaves narrow, mostly spiny toothed, flowers in dense heads. 
c. Parallel veined. Eryngium yuccifolium, p. 504 
cc. Reticulate veined. E. aquaticum, p. 594 
bb. Leaves orbicular or ovate, slender petioled, often peltate. 
c. Leaves nearly orbicular, peltate. 


d. Pedicels slender. Hydrocotyle umbellata, p. 592 
dd, Some of the pedicels very short. 

e. Fruit notched at each end. Hi. canbyi, p. 502 

ee. Fruit not notched. H. verticillata, p. 593 


cc. Leaves nearly orbicular, cordate or reniform, not peltate. 
H. americana, p. 593 
aa. Leaves reduced to hollow jointed petioles or phyllodes, 2-8 cm. tall. 
Lilaeopsis lineata, p. 598 
aaa. Leaves, or some of them, pinnate, ternate, digitate, decompound, or 
deeply lobed. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. sor 


b. Flowers in simple umbels, leaves pedately lobed. Hydrocotyle, p. 502 
bb. Flowers in dense heads, leaves spiny toothed. Eryngium, p. 594 
bbb. Flowers in compound umbels. 
c. Flowers white, pink or greenish. 
d. Fruit bristly or hairy. 
e. Leaves digitately, 3-7 parted or lobed. 
f. Styles much exceeding the bristles of the fruit, re- 
curved. 
g. Fruit 6-7 mm. long, sessile, flowers greenish white. 
Sanicula marilandica, p.. 593 
gg. Fruit 3-4 mm. long, slightly pedicelled, flowers 
yellow. S. gregaria, p. 594 
ff. Styles shorter than the bristles. S. canadensis, p. 593 
ee. Leaves pinnately or ternately decompound or dissected. 
f. Fruit linear, tapering to the base, ribbed. 
g. Stem villose pubescent, style 1 mm. long. 
Washingtonia claytoni, p. 505 
gg. Stem glabrous except at the nodes, style 2 mm. 


long. Washingtonia longistylis, p. 595 
ff. Fruit ovid, bristly. [Daucus carrota]* 
dd. Fruit smooth, ribbed or winged (rarely somewhat pubes- 


cent). 
e. Fruit flattened dorsally (i. e., the two carpels separated 
by the long axis of the fruit). 
f. Leaves simply ternate or pinnate. Oxypolis, p. 600 
ff. Leaves ternately or pinnately compound. 
g. Segments oval, plant 6-12 dm. high. 
Angelica villosa, p. 599 
gg. Segments large cordate, plant 1-3 m. high. 
Heracleum lantatum, p. 60% 
ee. Fruit flattened laterally (carpels separated by the short 
axis of the fruit). 
f. Fruit linear. 
g. Leaves 3-foliate. Deringa, p. 597 
gg. Leaves decompound, finely dissected. 
Cherophyllum, p. 595 
ff. Fruit ovate or ovoid. 
g. Leaves once pinnate. Sium, p. 507 
gg. Leaves pinnately compound. 
h. Leaf segments lanceolate, plant 9-18 dm. 
high. Cicuta maculata, p. 596 
hh. Leaf segments narrowly linear, bulblets in 
the axils of the upper leaves, plant 3-10 
dm. high. : C. bulbifera, p. 596 
ggg. Leaves finely divided into filiform segments. 
Ptilimnium, p. 508 
cc. Flowers yellow. 
d. Fruit dorsally flattened. [Pastinaca sativa]? 


* Wild Carrot. An abundant weed in fields, etc. 
2 Wild Parsnip. A weed in damp meadows, etc. 


592 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


dd. Fruit not flattened. Leaves mostly biternate, segments in- 
cised or lobed, rather thin. Thaspium barbinode, p. 599 
ddd. Fruit laterally flattened. 
ce. Leaf segments oval or ovate, entire. 
Taenidia integerrima, p. 507 
ee. Leaf segments crenate, lobed or incised. 
f. Basal leaves 2-3 ternately compound. 
Zizia aurea, p. 595 
ff. Basal leaves cordate, undivided. Z. cordata, p. 506 
cec. Flowers purple. Thaspium trifoliatum, p. 599 


HYDROCOTYLE L. 


Hydrocotyle umbellata L. Umbellate Marsh Pennywort. 


Pl. XC., Fig. 2. 


Hydrocotyle wmbellata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 234. 1753 [Virginia] —Willis 25.— 
Britton 112. 


Common in swampy ground in the Middle, Coast and Cape 
May districts, especially the last. 

In the Cape May peninsula the prevalent form has proliferous 
umbels, but in all other respects appears to be typical wmbellata. 

Fl.—Late June into September. Fr.—Early August through 
autumn. 

Middle District—Red Bank (C), Pt. Pleasant (C), Burlington, Charleston 
(NB and P), Lindenwold (S), Kaighns Pt. Sewell (S), Pennsgrove, 
Swedesboro, Beaver Dam. 

Coast Strip—Forked River, Pt. Pleasant, Absecon (S), Atlantic City, 


Palermo (S), Piermont (S), Anglesea, Holly Beach (T), Bennett (S), 
Cold Spring (S), Court House (S), Cape May, Dennisville. 


Hydrocotyle canbyi C. & R. Canby’s Marsh Pennywort. 


Hydrocotyle canbyi Coulter and Rose, Bot. Gazette XII. 103. 1887. n. n. 
for H. umbellata var. ambigua Gray Man. Ed. 5. 190. 1867 (nee Pursh) 
[New Jersey to Maryland]. 

Hydrocotyle umbellata var. ambigua Willis 25. 

Hydrocotyle ambigua Britton 113. 


Rare in wet ground of the Cape May district. 

The late Chas. F. Parker apparently first collected it in the 
State, and August 13th, 1911, Mr. Bayard Long found it at Cape 
May Court House, on the edge of the salt marsh. The specimens 
recorded by Dr. Britton from Cumberland County, collected by 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN, NEW JERSEY. 593 


Mr. Commons, I have examined carefully and feel confident that 
they are merely stunted H. umbellata, 


Cape May.—Court House, Cape May (P). 


Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Whorled Marsh Pennywort. 
Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunberg, Diss. II. 415 pl. 3. 1708 [no locality].— 
Britton 113.—Keller and Brown 238, 
Hydrocotyle interrupta Willis 25. 
Moist ground, Coast district, not common, extending around 
to the Bay shore of Cape May County. 
Flowers, good fruit and buds July 24, 1894—Wildwood. 


Coast Strip—Red Bank (NB), Deal (KB), Atlantic City, Wildwood, Cape 
May (C), New England (OHB). 


Hydrocotyle americana L. American Marsh Pennywort. 
Hydrocotyle americana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 234. 1753 [North America].— 
Knieskern 15.—Willis 25.—Britton 112. 
Moist shaded places in the northern counties, south locally in 
the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early June into September. Fr—Early July through 
autumn. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Keyport (C), Shark River (Kn), Farm- 
ingdale, Birmingham, Pemberton (C), Mullica Hill (NB), Mantua, Mickle- 
ton (NB), Camden (C), Swedesboro. 


SANICULA L. 


Sanicula marilandica L. Sanicle. 


Sanicula marilandica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 235. 1753 [Maryland and Virginia]. 
—Knieskern 15.—Britton 113. 


Woodland of the Northern and Middle districts, frequent. 
Fl.—Late May to mid-June. Fr—Early August to early 
September. 
Middle District—Squan (C), New Egypt, Vincentown (NB), Lindenwold 
(S), Camden (C), Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Bennett (S). 
Sanicula canadensis L. Short-styled Sanicle. 
Sanicula canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 235. 1753 [Virginia] —Britton 113. 
Woodland of the Northern and Middle districts, frequent; 
also occasional on the Coastal Strip on the Cape May peninsula. 
38 MUS 


594 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fi.—Late May to mid-June. Fr—Early August to early 
September. 

Middle District—Delair, Camden (C), Lawnside (S), Oaklyn (S), Clem- 
enton. 


Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (S), Cox’s Atlantic City, Wildwood (UP). 
Cape May.—Dias Creek. 


Sanicula gregaria Bicknell. Yellow-flowered Sanicle. 
Sanicula gregaria Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22. 354. 1895 [Van Court- 
land Park, N. Y. City]. 

Known only from Swedesboro within our range, doubtless 
occurs in rich woods of the northern counties. 

Fl.—Late May to mid-June. Fr.—Early August to early 
September. 

ERYNGIUM L. 
Eryngium aquaticum L. Rattlesnake Master. 
Pl. LXXXIL, Fig. 2. 
Eryngium aquaticum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 232. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Eryngium virginianum Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 136.—Knieskern 15.—Willis 25. 

—Britton 113. 

Common on the salt marshes of the coast from Spring Lake 
southward, and locally along Delaware Bay and the lower Dela- 
ware River, also on tidewater streams some distance from the 
shore. Recorded by Torrey from the marshes near Hoboken. 

A peculiar plant, usually growing with sedges, grasses and 
other vegetation, its large compound umbels of bluish heads and 
spiny involucres presenting a peculiar misty appearance at a 
distance against the dark green of the salt meadows. 

Fl. and Fr.—Late July into October. 

Middle District—Camden, Coopers Creek, Center Square, Swedesboro, 
Millville. 

Coast Strip—Sea Girt, Spring Lake (C), Squan (C), Bayhead, Toms 
River, Forked River, Island Hts., Coxe’s, Barnegat, Mouth of Batsto, West 
Creck (S), Absecon, Ocean City, Palermo (S), Petersburg (S), Ocean View, 
Mays Landing (NB), Sea Isle City (S), Wildwood, Anglesea, Tuckahoe 
(T), Clermont (T), Cold Spring, Bennett (S), Cape May. 


Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Tall Rattlesnake Master. 
Eryngium yuccifolium Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 164. [Virginia].—Willis 25. 


Willis quotes Dr. Gray as authority for its occurrence in the 
Pine Barrens, and Dr. Britton gives it in his Catalogue as 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN, NEW JERSEY. 595 


occurring “in dry sand between Atsion and Quaker Bridge,” on 
authority of Canby. There is a specimen in the herbarium of 
Mr. Benj. Heritage, collected by him in the “Pine Barrens, 
August 25th, 1897.” Inadvertently he neglected to note the 
exact spot, but he thought it was obtained on a trip he took 
from Atsion to Quaker Bridge, which is curiously confirmatory 
of Canby’s statement above quoted and of which Mr. Heritage 
was in ignorance. 
Pine Barrens—Atsion to Quaker Bridge? (BH). 


CH/AEROPHYLLUM L. 
Chzerophyllum procumbens (L.). Spreading Chervil. 
Scandix procumbens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 257. 1753 [Virginia] —Willis 27.— 
Britton 115.—Keller and Brown 2309. 
Occasional along the Delaware River from Mercer to Camden 
Counties, and reported by Torrey from “Hoboken Hills.” 
Fl.—Mid-April to early May. Fr—Mid-May to early June. 


Middle District—Crosswicks, Bordentown (P), Delair, Fish House, 
Pavonia (P), Beverly, Westville, Below Gloucester (P). 


WASHINGTONIA Rafinesque. 

‘Washingtonia longistylis (Torr.). Smooth Sweet Cicely.* 
Myrrhis longistylis Torrey, Fl. U. S. 310. 1824 [Geneva, N. Y.]. 
Osmorhiza longistylis Britton 115. 

Frequent in rich woods of the northern counties, rare south- 
ward to our limits. 
Fl.—Early May to late May. Fr—Late July to late August. 
_ Middle District—Crosswicks, Keyport (C), Camden (Bassett), Swedes- 
boro. 
ZIZAE Koch. 
Zizia aurea (L.). Golden Meadow Parsnip. 


Smyrnium aureum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 262. 1753 [North America]. 


*Washingtonia claytoni (Michx.) Wooly Sweet Cicely. 

Myrrhis claytoni Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 170. 1803 [Allegheny Mts.]. 
Frequent in rich woods in the northern counties, but not definitely known 

from within our limits. The only published records are from Middletown 

(Knieskern) and Camden (Martindale), neither of which I have been able to 

verify. All other specimens supposed to belong here prove to be longistylis. 


596 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Rich woods; reported from Warren and Hunterdon counties, 
and occurs rarely in the Middle and Cape May districts. 

Fl.—Early May to early June. Fr.—Early August to early 
October. 


Middle District—Farmingdale. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May. 


Zizia cordata (Walt.). Heart-leaved Meadow Parsnip. 


Smyrnium cordatum Walter, Fl. Car. 114. 1788. [South Carolina]. 


Frequent in parts of the northern counties and at one station 
in the Middle district. 

F].—Early May to early June. Fr—Early August to early 
October. 


Middle District—Five miles south of Mickleton. 


CICUTA L. 
Cicuta maculata L. Water Hemlock. 


Cicuta maculata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 256. 1753 [Virginia]_—Britton 114. 


Common in swamps and along streams in the Northern, Mid- 
dle and Coast districts and on both sides of the Cape May penin- 
sula. 

The most abundant umbelifer of our region, in practically 
every swamp outside the limits of the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Mid-June to late August. Fr—Mid-August into Octo- 
ber. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Burlington, Delaire, Hartfc. |, 
Haddonfield (S), Camden (C), Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip—Bayhead, Manumuskin (S), Barnegat City (L), Tucker’s 
(L), Atlantic City (S), Mays Landing, Clermont, Ocean City (S), Anglesea 


(UP), Bennett, Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. (S), Dias Creek, Upper 
English Creek (T), Dennisville (S). 


Cicuta bulbifera L. Bulb-bearing Water Hemlock. 
Cicuta bulbifera Linneus, Sp. Pl. 255. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Barton, 
Fl. Phila. I. 143. 1818—Britton 114. 
Rare along the Delaware in Camden County and frequent in 
swamps of the northern counties. 
Nuttall first found this plant in our region, along the Dela- 
ware, near Philadelphia, subsequently Parker recorded it from 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 507 


Camden County, and recently Mr. Bayard Long collected it at 
Fish House. 


Middle District—Camden Co. (C), Fish House, Gloucester (P). 


DERINGA Adanson.* 


Deringa canadensis L. Honewort. 


Sison canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 252. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Cryptotenia canadensis Willis 26.—Britton 115. 

Common in woods of the northern counties and occasional in 
the upper Middle district. 

Fl.—Early June to early July. Fr—Late August to late 
September. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Camden (C), 
Washington Park, Mickleton (H). 


SIUM L. 
Sium cicutzfolium Gm. Hemlock Water Parsnip. 
Sium cicutefolium Gmelin, Syst. II. 482. 1791 [Siberia]—Britton 114.— 
Keller and Brown 241. 
Sium latifolium Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 141. 1818. 
Situm lineare Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 141. 1818.—Willis 26. 

Frequent in swamps of the northern counties and coastal strip, 
and along the Delaware in West Jersey. 

This species and Oxypolis rigidior are frequent associates of 
Cicuta maculata, but are neither of them so generally distributed. 
The present plant seems to prefer larger, wetter swamps, and is, 
I think, most abundant along the coast. 

Fl.—Mid-July to late September. Fr.—Late August through 


October. 


Middle District—Monmouth Co. (Willis), Burlington, Delair, Kaighns 
Pt., Mickleton (KB), Swedesboro, Salem (S), Bridgeport (KB). 

Coast Strip—lLong Branch, Forked River (CDL), Bay Head, Barnegat 
City (L), Surf City (L), West Creek, Crowleytown, Absecon (S), Ocean 
City, Piermont (S), Anglesea, Wildwood, Tuckahoe (S$), Cold Spring, 
Court House. 


* Tenidia integerrima (L). Yellow Pimpernel. Smyrnium integerrimum 
Linneus, Sp. Pl. 263. 1753 [Virginia]. Frequent in rocky places in the 
northern counties, but its occurrence within our limits rests entirely upon 


Knieskern’s s statement at a it is found rarely on shady banks and in open 
~4 Counties. We have been unable to verify this 


598 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


PTILIMNIUM Rafinesque. 
Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.). Mock Bishop-weed. 
Ammi capillaceum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 164. 1803 [Carolina].— 
_ Barton Fi. Phila. I. 138. 1818. 
Discopleura capillacea Knieskern 16.—Willis 26. 
Discopleura major Britton 116. 
Ptilmnium capillaceum Keller and Brown 241. 

Common on the salt marshes of the coast and up Delaware 
Bay. Occasional in fresh swamps (introduced ?). 

The finely divided leaves of this little umbelifer, with their 
almost thread-like divisions, are to be found often buried by 
taller vegetation along the whole Coastal strip where salt 
and fresh meadows merge one into the other. Its occurrence 
inland is probably due to artificial introduction with soil or sand 
from near the coast, but it seems to thrive quite well beyond 
all maritime influence. 

Fl.—Mid-July to late September. Fr.—Late August through 
autumn. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton Jnc., Kaighns Pt. 

Maritime—Long Branch, Pt. Pleasant, Bay Head, Toms River (S), Ocean 
Beach (T), Spray Beach (L,), Manahawkin Beach, Absecon, Atlantic City, 
Piermont, Anglesea, Wildwood, Palermo (S), Tuckahoe (T), Cape May, 
Upper English Creek (T), Beaver Dam. 


LILAEOPSIS Greene. 
Lilzeopsis lineata Michaux. Lilzeopsis. 
Pl. XC., Fig. 3. 


Hydrocotyle lineata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 162. 1803 [S. Carolina]. 
Crantzia lineata Nuttall. Gen. I. 178. 1818. 
Lilgopsis lineata Stone. Bartonia I. 20. 19009. 


Very rare on the salt marshes of the coast. 

This humble little plant was first detected in New Jersey by 
Thomas Nuttall, who found it growing on the salt meadows 
near “Egg Harbor’”—apparently near Beesley’s Point. 

On August 30, 1909, in company with Mr. S. S. Van Pelt, I 
found it on the marshes below Palermo, in the same neighbor- 
hood and heralded the event as the rediscovery of the plant* as 
I could find no record of its having been collected in the State 


* Bartonia I., p. 20, 1909. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN, NEW JERSEY. 599 


since Nuttall’s time. It now develops, however, that Mr. K. K. 
Mackenzie had collected Lileopsis between Mantoloking. and 
Chadwick, on the shores of Barnegat Bay, although the fact had 
never been recorded. I am indebted to him for a specimen 
from his locality. 

At Palermo the little plants were creeping over the white sand 
of a slight depression where a fresh water spring bursts forth 
near the edge of the salt marsh. 


Fl.—Early July probably into August. Fr—Late September 
probably into October. 


Coast Strip—Between Mantoloking and Chadwick on: shores of Barnegat 
Bay (Mackenzie), Below Palermo, Near Egg Harbor (same as last?) 


THASPIUM Nuttall.* 
Thaspium trifoliatum L. Purple Meadow Parsnip. 


Thapsio trifoliata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 262. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Thaspium. aureum var. trifoliatum Britton 117. 


Occasional in open woods in the Middle district, north to 
Union, Hunterdon and Middlesex Counties. 
Fl.—Late 'May to late June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Pemberton, Merchantville (P), Medford 
(S), Sewell (S), Swedesboro. 


ANGELICA L. 
Angelica villosa (Walt.). Pubescent Angelica.+ 


Ferula villosa Walter, Fl. Car. 115. 1788 [S. Carolina]. 
Archangelica hirsuta Knieskern 16. 
Angelica villosa Britton 117. 


Occasional in dry woods or clearings in the northern counties, 
and southward in the Middle district and in lower Cape May 
County. 


* Thaspium barbinode is given in Keller and Brown’s list from Magnolia 
on authority of Dr. Harshberger, but the record cannot be verified. Knies- 
k rn gives it from Prospertown, but the record cannot be verified. T. 
aureum seems to be erroneously referred to this region; all specimens so 
labelled are Zizia aurea. 

+A. atropurpurea is recorded in Britton’s Catalogue from Moorestown, 
Vineland and Salem, but there are no specimens preserved, and as our field 
work has utterly failed to discover it I am convinced that these records must 

LT nadia dew. scoueS disclaims the Moorestown record, and the 
de other errors of identification. 


600 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Mid-July to mid-August. Fr—Late September into Oc- 


tober. 

Middle District—Crosswicks, Lindenwold (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, 
Fairton,. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (OHB). 


OXYPOLIS. Rafinesque. 
Oxypolis rigidior (L.). Cowbane. 
Sium rigidius Linneus, Sp. Pl. 251. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Oenanthe rigidius Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 142. 1818. 
Archemora rigida Knieskern 16. 
Tiedmannia rigida Britton 118. 

Common in swamps throughout the Middle, Coast and Cape 
May districts north to Bergen, Middlesex and Mercer Counties; 
rare in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Mid-August to late September. F'r.—Mid-September to 
-late October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Burlington, Brown’s Mills, Medford (S), 
Ashland, Haddonfield, Camden, Tomlin, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville (T). 

Coast Strip—Toms River, Forked River, Waretown, Manahawkin, West 
Creek, Coxe’s, Barnegat, Barnegat City (L), Mouth of Batsto, Absecon (8), 


Petersburg (S). 
Cape May—Court House (S), Cold Spring (S), Green Creek (S). 


Oxypolis rigidior longifolia Pursh. Slender-leaved Cowbane. 


_ Sium longifolium Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. 194. 1814 [New Jersey]. 
Oenanthe ambigua Nuttall Gen. I. roo. 1818 [Banks of the Delaware near 
Phila.]—Barton Fl. Phila. I. 143. 1818. 
} Apparently restricted to swamps of the Pine Barrens. 

The distinguishing character of this form is the narrowness 
of the leaf segments (rarely over 4-5 mm.) rather than in the 
entire margin. They are in a majority of cases entire, it is true, 
but even the narrowest are sometimes lobed, while plants with 
leaf segments 18-20 mm. wide (rigidior) have them sometimes 
entire. 

Fl. and Fr—Apparently similar to the preceding. 

Middle District ——Tomlinson’s. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (C), Bamber, Quaker Bridge (C), Speedwell 


(S), Mo. of Batsto, West Creek, Absecon (S), Hammonton (C), Petersburg 
(S), Mays Landing (S), Woodbine. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 601 


HERACLEUM L. 
Heracleum lanatum Michx. Cow Parsnip. 
ee lanatum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 166. 1803 [Canada].—Britton 
118, 

Frequent in swamps of the northern counties, descending into 
our limits rarely, along the Delaware River. 

Fl.—Early May to early June. Fr—Mid-June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Crosswicks, Camden. 


Family CORNACEA. Dogwoods. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers four parted, perfect, petals present. 
b. Flowers greenish yellow, surrounded by four white obovate petal- 
like bracts 26-6o mm. long; fruits red. A tree. Cornus florida, p. 601 
bb. Flowers white in flat terminal cymes, no involucres. Shrubs. 
c. Leaves opposite. 
d. Branchlets, stalks and lower surface of the leaves downy, 
often rusty; fruit blue, leaves ovate or elliptic. 
C. amomum, p. 602 
dd. Branchlets smooth, gray; leaves whitish beneath, not downy, 
ovate lanceolate, taper pointed; fruit white. 
C. paniculata, p. 603 
cc. Leaves alternate, clustered at the ends of the branches. Branch- 
lets greenish streaked with white, leaves ovate or oval, whitish 
and minutely pubescent beneath, fruit white. C. alternifolia, p. 603 
aaa. Flowers greenish, five parted, diceciously polygamous, petals very 
minute or wanting; fruit bluish-black; leaves oval, glabrous and 
shining. Nyssa sylvatica, p. 603 


CORNUS L. 
Cornus florida L. Flowering Dogwood. 


Cornus florida Linneus, Sp. Pl. 117. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 16.— 
Britton 120.—Stone, Bartonia I. 23. 1909. 

Common in woods of the North and Middle districts, and 
occasional in the Coastal Strip and Cape May peninsula. 

All through northern and western New Jersey the Dogwood 
is one of the most conspicuous trees of the woodland in spring 
time. Just as the countryside is tinged with the soft green of 
opening leaves and the yellow of the oak catkins, the great in- 

“~.’Togwood, which pass popularly as petals, 


602 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


grow out rapidly, forming great billowy masses of snowy-white, 
which remain very conspicuous in the woods until enveloped in 
the universal green of unfolding foliage. 

In the Pine Barrens the tree is absent, but it grows right up 
to the eastern limit of the Middle district, and like many other 
“West Jersey” plants reappears in the narrow strip bordering the 
salt marsh of the coast and in the Cape May peninsula. As we 
cross the State by rail in mid-spring, we can tell the minute we 
are out of the Pine Barrens by the sudden flash of the white 
boughs of the Dogwood as we rush past. 

Fl.—tlLate April to late May, from buds formed the previous 
season. Fr.—Early September to early October or through 
autumn. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Borden- 
town, Pensauken, Medford (S), Springdale (S), Sicklerville (S), Westville, 
Wenonah, Woodbury, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Centerton, Quinton, Willow 
Grove (T), New Germany, Fairton (S). 

Coast Strip—Forked River, Palermo, Mays Landing (S$). 

Cape May.—Goshen (S), Sluice Creek (S), Court House (S), Cold 
Spring, Bennett, Cape May (S). 


Cornus amomum Mill. Kinnikinnik.* 


opis amomum Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, No. 5. 1768 [Virginia]. 
Cornus stolonifera Knieskern 16.—Willis 27. 
Cornus sericea Britton 120. 

Frequent along streams and in damp thickets in the Northern 
and Middle districts. Occasional on the coast. 

A familiar shrub usually associated with Viburnum dentatum 
and I’. scabrellum on the borders of swampy thickets, where it is 
not wet enough for alders or Viburnum nudum. ‘The white 
panicles of Dogwoods, Viburnums and Elder are conspicuous 
in late spring or early summer and resemble one another not a 
little. 

Fl—Mid-June to early July. Fr—Early August to late 
August, sporadically later. 


*It seems almost certain that Knieskern’s and Willis’ record of C. 
stolonifera refers to this species, and so probably does the record for Woods- 
town given by Keller and Brown on authority of Miss Ware. There is no 
evidence and little likelihood of this species occurring within our range. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 603 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Vincentown, Med- 
ford (S), Locust Grove (S), Clementon (C), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S), 


Kirkwood (C), Fancy Hill, Kaighns Pt, Washington Park, Mickleton, 
Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip—Toms River. 
Cape May.—Dias Creek (S). 


Cornus paniculata L’Her. Panicled Dogwood. 


Cornus paniculata L’Heritier de Brutelle, Cornus IX., pl. 5. 1788 [North 
America]. 


Cornus candidissima Britton 120.—Keller and Brown 243. 

Frequent or common in dry soil in the northern counties, and 
occasional southward in the Middle district. 

Fl—FKarly June to late June. Fr—Early August to late 
August, sporadically later. 


Middle District-—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Delanco (C), 
Mouth of Rancocas (C), Lindenwold, W. Collingswood (KB), Salem (H).* 


Cornus alternifolia L. f. Alternate-leaved Dogwood. 
Cornus aligrnifolia Linneus filius, Suppl. 125. 1781 [North America].— 
Britton 121.—Keller and Brown 244. 

Frequent on the edges of woods in the northern counties, 
becoming less common southward in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June. Fr.—Mid-July apparently to 
early August. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Kinkora, Pem- 


berton (NB), Mantua (KB), Kirkwood, Lawnside (S), Magnolia (NB), 
Pitman, Woodstown (NB), Swedesboro. 


NYSSA L. 
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Sour Gum. 


Nyssa sylvatica Marshall, Arb. Am. 97. 1785 [Pennsylvania] —Britton 121. 
Nyssa aquatica Barton, Fl. Phila., II. 192. 1818. 
Nyssa multiflora Knieskern 16. 

Common in woods throughout the State except in the moun- 
tains of Sussex and Warren counties; most abundant on the 
Coastal plain in swamps of the Pine Barrens, Middle and Cape 
May districts. 

Fl_—Mid-May to mid-June. Fr—Early September into 
October. 


* Swedeshoro record (KB) = C. amomum. 


604 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District——Farmingdale, New Egypt, Hainesport, New Lisbon, Kin- 
kora, Delanco, Medford (S), Lawnside (S), Oaklyn (S), Sicklerville ($), 
Kaighns Pt., Washington Park, Sewell (S), Glassboro, Pitman, Mickleton, 
Fairton (S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Lakehurst, Speedwell, Bear Swamp (S), Cedar Brook, 
Inskip, Albion, Folsom, Mays Landing (S). 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (S), Forked River, Waretown, Surf City (L), 
Ship Bottom (L), Piermont (S), Wildwood. 

Cape May—Court House (S), Green Creek (S), Cape May (S), Cape 
May Pt. (S). 


Series II. GAMOPETALA. 


Key to the Herbaceous Species.* 


a. Flowers minute, closely crowded in involucral heads, stamens usually 
united by their anthers forming a ring. 
b. Flowers all expanded into ray flowers, juice milky. 
Cichoriacee, p. 718 
bb. Flowers of the disc tubular, with or without a circle of ligulate ray 
flowers around the edge. 
c. Stamens merely connivent, not actually united, pistillate involucre 


often bur like. Ambrosiaceg@, p. 724 
ce. Stainens united by their anthers in a ring around the style (except 
in Kuhnia). Composite, p. 726 


aa. Flowers not in involucral heads. 
b. Upright or prostrate herbs. 
c. Stamens more numerous than the lobes of the corolla. 
d. Flowers irregular. 
e. Petals 4, forming a sort of pendent sac, enlarged at the 
base, narrowed to a slightly flaring tip. Fumariacee, p. 461 
ee. Petals 3, lower one keeled, others lateral, flaring. 
Polygalacee, p. 519 
dd. Flowers regular. 


e. Shrubby plants, flowers white or pink. Ericace@, p. 612 
ee. Low delicate herbs with three-parted leaves and yellow or 
violet flowers. O-xalidacee, p. 516 


cc. Stamens equal to or less than the lobes of the corolla. 
d. Corolla regular. 
e. Stamens equal in number to the corolla lobes. 
f. Leaves in a single whorl at the top of the stem, flower 
white, star-like. Trientalis, p. 633 
ff. Leaves all basal. 
g. Flowers greenish, in a long, slender or short globu- 


lar head. Plantaginacee, p. 698 
gg. Flowers lavender, in a branching panicle. 
—_————- Limonium, p. 633 


* Trees, shrubs and aquatic plants are included in the keys on pp. 380-390. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 605 


fff. Leaves opposite. 

g. Reduced to mere appressed scales. Bartonia, p. 642 
gg. Somewhat fleshy, clustered at the end of the short 
stem, 6-15 cm. tall. Flowers and whole plant 
purplish, lower leaves scale-like. Obolaria, p. 643 

ggg. Leaves normally developed. 
h. Abruptly narrowed to winged connate per- 
foliate base, flowers axillary. Triosteum, p. 711 
hh. Leaves not narrowed to a perfoliate or clasp- 


ing base. 
i. Flowers yellow. 
j. Leaves serrate. Diervilla, p. 712 


jj. Leaves entire. 
k. Flowers in a terminal, spike-like 
raceme. Lysimachia, p. 631 
kk. Flowers in axillary fascicles on 
long, slender pedicels. 
Steironema, p. 632 
ii. Flowers blue. 
j. Stamens exserted. Trichostema, p. 664 
jj. Stamens not exserted. 

k. Plant low, 7-18 cm., corolla 8-12 
mm. broad, basal leaves spatulate, 
upper small oblong sessile. 

Houstonia, p. 701 
kk. Plant over 20 cm. tall, corolla 25 
mm. long or more. Gentiana, p. 640 
ii. Flowers neither pure biue nor yellow. 
j. Leaves serrate. 

k. Flowers in whorls, often forming 
interrupted terminal spikes, flowers 
purple. Mentha, p. 673 

kk. Flowers in long, slender spikes, 
axillary and terminal flowers violet 
or white. Verbena, p. 660 

jj. Leaves entire. 

k. Plants low, prostrate or trailing. 

Rubiaceae, p. 700 
kk. Plants erect. 
Il. Flowers star-like, bright pink 
or white. Gentianacee, p. 638 
il. Flowers small, bell shaped, 
white, tinged with pink or 
greenish, juice milky. 

Apocynum, p. 645 
lll. Flowers with reflexed sepals 
and a rotate crown of five 
hooded bodies on the tube of 

the stamens, juice milky. 
Ascelepias, p. 646 


606 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ffff. Leaves in several whorls. 
g. Flowers minute, white, greenish or purplish. 
Galium, p. 704 
gg. Flowers yellow, showy. Lysimachia, p. 631 
ggg. Flowers pink or green and white, with reflexed 
sepals and crown, juice milky. Asclepias, p. 040 
fffff. Leaves alternate (or a few opposite). 
g. Leaves pinnate, lobes deeply serrate. 
Hydrophyllum, p. 657 
gg. Leaves slightly serrate, flowers bell shaped, 
white, 6 mm. long, stem weak and reclining. 
Campanula, p. 714 
ggg. Leaves orbicular, amplexicaul, crenate, flowers 
rotate, 12 mm. broad, purple. Specularia, p. 715 
gggg. Leaves coarsely toothed, large coarse herbs, 
3-15 dm. tall, flowers 75 mm. long, white or 
purplish. Datura, p. 674 
ggegg. Leaves entire. 
h, Glabrous or slightly soft pubescent. 
4, Flowers blue, 15 mm. long, leaves 125 X 
60 mm. Mertensia, p. 658 
ui. Flowers white, 50 mm. long. 
Convolvulus, p. 653 
iit. Flowers yellow, 12 mm. across, seed in 
an inflated involucre. Physalis, p. 675 
iit. Flowers very minute, white, leaves 
18 X 12 mm. Samolus, p. 631 
hh. Minutely roughened or scrabrous or rough 
hairy, terminal part of inflorescence often 


coiled. Boraginace@, p. 658 
ee. Stamens less in number than the lobes of the corolla. 
f. Leaves all basal. Plantago, p. 698 


ff. Leaves cauline. 
g. Plants erect, 3 dm. or more high. 
h. Leaves serrate, opposite. 
i. Flowers in terminal, slender spikes. 

Verbena, p. 660 
wi, Flowers in axillar whorls. Lycopus, p. 672 

it. Flowers in terminal, globular clusters. 
Valerianella, p. 713 
hh. Leaves serrate in whorls. Leptandra, p. 683 
hhh. Leaves entire, hairy, flowers blue, 25 mm. long. 
Ruellia, p. 696 
gg. Plants creeping or low, less than 3 dm. high, flowers 
minute, blue or white. Veronica, p. 682 

dd. Corolla irregular. 
e. Anther-bearing stamens 5. 

f. Flowers white or yellow. Verbascum, p. 675 
ff. Flowers blue. Echium, p. 658 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 607 


ee, Anther-bearing stamens 2 or 4. 
f. Stems leafy. 
g. Stem 4-angled. 
h. Leaves opposite, plants aromatic, flowers two- 
lipped. Labiate, p. 661 
hh. Plants not aromatic.  Scrophulariacee, p. 675 
gg. Stem not 4-angled (or if so, not aromatic). 
h. Stamens united by their anthers into a tubular 
ring. Lobelia, p. 715 
hh. Stamens not united. 
i. Leaves opposite. 
j. Flowers in heads on pedicles 1-1.5 dm. 
long, leaves entire. Dianthera, p. 697 
7. Flowers minute, scattered in long slen- 
der terminal and axillary spikes. 
k. Reflexed in fruit. Phryma, p. 697 
kk. Not reflexed in fruit. Verbena, p. 660 
jij. Flowers single axillary, or in short ter- 
minal spikes. Scrophulariacee, p. 675 
ti. Leaves alternate. Scrophulariacea, p. 675 
ff. No normal leaves; leaves reduced to scales; flowers 
spurred, yellow (or minute, brownish). — 
Utricularia, p. 688 
bb. Trailing or climbing vines. 
c. Stems bright orange, on bushes, etc., no leaves. Cuscuta, p. 654 
cc. Stems normal, leaves present. 
d. No tendrils present. 
e. Plant trailing on the ground. 
f. Flowers two (twin) white, terminating the branches. 
Mitchella, p. 703 
f. Flowers in small heads, on pedicels 50-75 mm. long. 
Lippia, p. 661 
fff. Flowers axillary, solitary, yellow. Lysimachia, p. 631 
ee. Plant trailing over bushes, etc., or sometimes on the 


ground. 
f. Flowers white, pink or blue; large, funnel-form, 25 
mm. or more in length. Convolvulacee, p. 652 
ff. Flowers greenish, purplish or white minute; leaves 
whorled. Galium, p. 704 
fff. Flowers purple, wheel-shaped, with projecting con- 
nivent stamens. Solanum, p. 675 


ffff. Flowers trumpet-shaped, bright red Lonicera, p. 712 
dd, Tendrils present. Flowers greenish in clusters, leaves 5-lobed 
or angled. Cucurbitacee, p. 713 


608 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Order ERICALES. 


Family CLETHRACE/E. Sweet Pepper Bushes. 
CLETHRA L. 


Clethra alnifolia L. Sweet Pepperbush. 
Pl. XCIL, Fig. 2. 


Clethra alnifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1057. 1753 [North America].—Barton, FI. 
Phila. 204. 1818.—Knieskern 20.—Britton 163.—Keller and Brown 244. 


Swamps; frequent or common throughout our district, oc- 
curring to the north, mainly on the coastal plain, but also at 
Budds Lake and Lake Hopatcong. 

This is a characteristic shrub of all the swamps of the coastal 
plain. Its fragrance fills the air after the somewhat similar odor- 
of the swamp Magnolia of early summer has passed away, while 
its handsome white flower spikes furnish a touch of color at a 
time when few other shrubs are in bloom. 

At Manahawkin it is called Soap Bush, from the idea that the 
flowers when rubbed together in water make a sort of soapy 
lather. Our results have not been very startling, however. 

Fl.—Late July to early September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House, Kaighns Pt., Tomlin (S), Black- 
wood, Clementon, Salem (S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Toms River (S), New Lisbon, Forked River, Jones Mill 
(S), Speedwell, Bear Swamp (S), Landisville (T), Hammonton, Mouth of 
Batsto River, Pleasant Mills, Ege Harbor City. 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (S), Surf City (L), Harvey Cedars (L), Ship 
Bottom (L), Beesleys Pt. (S). 

Cape May.—Cape May. 


Family PYROLACEA. Wintergreens. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves all basal, oval or orbicular. 
b. Flowers 6-8 mm. broad in a distinctly one-sided raceme, leaves dis- 
tinctly crenate. Pyrola secunda, p. 610 
bb. Flowers 10-18 mm. broad, raceme not one-sided, leaves obscurely 
crenate or entire. 
c. Calyx lobes oblong or lanceolate, leaves shining. 
P. americana, p. 609° 
cc. Calyx lobes ovate or triangular, leaves dull. 
d. Blades orbicular, usually shorter than the petioles, 12-25 mm. 
long. P. chlorantha, p. 609 


PLANTS OF SOUTHEKN NEW JERSEY. 609 


dd. Blades oval, longer than the petioles, 35-45 mm. long. 


; See, P. elliptica, p. 609 
aa. Leaves opposite or virticillate, lanceolate or spatulate. 


b. Leaves mottled with white. Chimaphila maculata, p. 610 
bb. Leaves uniform, green, shining. C. umbellata, p. 610 
PYROLA L. 


Pyrola americana Sweet. Round-leaved Wintergreen. 


Pl. XXXVIII, Fig. 2. 


Pyrola americana Sweet, Hortus Brittanicus, Ed. 2. 341. .1830, n. n. for P. 
rotundifolia Pursh, non Eng. Botanists [Canada—Carolina].* 
Pyrola rotundifolia Knieskern 21.—Britton 162. 

Frequent in woodlands of the northern counties, and less 
abundant in the Middle and Pine Barren districts. Occasional 
on the Cape May peninsula. 

Fl.—Late June to mid-July. 

Middle District —Farmingdale, Haddonfield, Medford (S), Mickleton (H), 
Yorktown, Bridgeton (NB). 

Pine Barrens——Waretown, Landisville, Hammonton (C), Atco (C), Pan- 
coast (T), Mays Landing (S). 

Cape May.—Court House, Bennett (S). 


Pyrola elliptica Nutt. Oval-leaved Wintergreen. 
Pyrola elliptica Nuttall, Gen. I. 273. 1818 [Philadelphia and woods of New 
Jersey]—Britton 163. 
Frequent in woods of the northern counties and Middle district. 
Fl.—Mid-June to early July. 


Middle District—Phalanx (NB), New Egypt, Moorestown (C), Medford 
(S), Camden Co. (C), Glassboro (P), Swedesboro, Bridgeton (C). 
Pine Barrens—Hammonton (Bassett). 


Pyrola chlorantha Sw. Greenish-flowered Wintergreen. 


Pyrola chlorantha Swartz, Vet. Akad. Handl. 1810. 190. Pl. 5 [Sweden].— 
Nutt. Gen. I. 274. 1818—Barton, Fl. Phila. 202, 1818—Britton 163.— 


Keller and Brown 245. 

Woods of the Northern and upper Middle districts; every- 
where local and not abundant. Very rare in the Pine Barrens. 

Described as a new species P. convoluta by Barton, Prodrom. 
Fl. Phila., from the “woods of New Jersey,” where Nuttall also 


* Cf. Fernald Rhodora, 1904, p. 195. 


610 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


states that it is abundant, specifying “sandy pine forests near 
Philadelphia.” 

Fl.—Late May to mid-June. 

Middle District—Fairhaven (C), Farmingdale, Pemberton (C), Moores- 


town, Camden (P), Medford, Sumner. 
Pine Barrens—Cedar Brook, Greenbank (Bassett) [prob. “Hammonton” 


(C)]. 


Pyrola secunda L. One-sided Wintergreen. 
Pyrola secunda Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 396. 1753 [Europe]_—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 
299. 1814.—Britton 163.—Keller and Brown 245. 
Woods of the Northern and upper Middle districts; rare and 
local within our limits. 
Fl.—Early June to late June. 
Middle District—Freehold (C), Farmingdale, Camden Co. (P), Medford, 


Blackwood (KB). 
CHIMAPHILA Pursh. 


Chimaphila maculata (L.). Spotted Pipissewa. 
Pl. XCI. 


Pyrola maculata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 396. 1753 [North America].—Barton, Fl. 
Phila. 204. 1818.—Knieskern 21.—Britton 163. 


Dry woods; frequent throughout the State. 

Fl.—Late June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Freehold (NB), New Egypt, Birmingham, Arney’s Mt. 
(S), Brown’s Mills, Haddonfield (S), Medford (S), Tomlin (S), Swedes- 
boro, Yorktown, Centerton (S), Bridgeton (S). 

Pine Barrens——Albion, Inskip, Hammonton (Bassett), Manumuskin (S). 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (S), Forked River, Manahawkin, Atlantic City 
(S), Palermo (S), Beesley’s Pt. (S), Mays Landing (S$), Holly Beach. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (OHB). 


Chimaphila umbellata (L.). Plain Pipsissewa. 
Pyrola wmbellata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 396. 1753 [Europe, Asia and North 
America].—Barton, Fl. Phila. 203. 1818—Knieskern 21.—Britton 163. 

Dry woods of the Northern, Middle and Cape May districts; 
not nearly as abundant as the preceding in our territory; very 
rare in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late June to mid-July. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Medford (S), Swedesboro, 
Union Grove (S), Fairton (S). 


Pine Barrens.—Inskip, Hammonton (Bassett). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB), Green Creek. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 611 


Family MONOTROPACEZ. Indian Pipes. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Flower solitary, plant white—rarely pinkinsh—drying black. 
: Monotropa, p. 611 
aa. Flowers racemose, plant yellowish, often tinged with red. 
Hypopitys, p. 611 
MONOTROPA L. 
Monotropa uniflora L. Indian Pipe. 
Pl. XCIIL., Fig. 2. 
Monotropa uniflora Linneus, Sp. Pl. 387. 1753 [Maryland, Virginia and 
Canada].—Knieskern. 21.—Britton 164. ; 

Woodlands; frequent in the Northern and Middle districts, 
less common in the Cape May peninsula and apparently quite 
rare in the Pine Barrens. 

This curious ghostly, fungus-like plant seems rather out of 
place in the sandy woods of New Jersey, as we usually associate 
it with the deep rich forests of the higher grounds, but it seems 
to flourish very well right up to the edge of the Pine Barrens 
themselves. 

Fl—Farly June into September or even October. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Kenilworth (S), Haddonfield 
(S), Orchard (S), Medford (S), Lawnside (S), Tomlin (S), Clementon, 
Sicklerville (S), Yorktown. 


Pine Barrens.—Pt. Pleasant, Manahawkin, Williamstown Jnc., Newtonville. 
Cabe May.—Bennett (S), Cape May. 


HYPOPITYS Hill. 
Hypopitys hypopithys (L.). Pine Sap. 
Monotropa Hypopithys Linneus, Sp. Pl. 387. 1753 [Europe aud Canada].—- 
Knieskern 2r1. ; 
Hypopithys lanuginosa Barton, Fl. Phila. 200, 1818. 
Hypopitys monotropa Britton 164. 

Woodlands; rather frequent in the Northern and Middle 
districts, rare in the Cape May peninsula and occasional on the 
eastern edge of the Pine Barrens. 

The two nominal forms H. americana and H. lanuginosa are 
represented in our material, but they do not appear to be sepa- 
rable by any good constant differences. 

Fl.—Early July into September or even October. 


612 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—-N. Spring Lake (NB), New Egypt, Arney’s Mt. (S), 
Brown’s Mills, Kaighns Pt., Oaklyn (S), Bridgeton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville, Manumuskin (S), Manahawkin. 

Cape May.—Anglesea Jnc. (S), Bennett. 


Family ERICACEA. Heath, etc. | 
Key to the Species. 


a. Petals separate white, leaves 6-14 mm. long, crowded, oval, thick, obtuse, 
shining; an evergreen shrub 1-4 dm. high. Dendrium, p. 615 
aa. Petals united. 
b. Corolla funnel-form, campanulate or saucer-shaped. 
c. -Funnel-form or salver form. 
d. A trailing vine, flowers pink and white 10-15 mm. long, leaves 


orbicular 12-30 x 25-70 mm. Epigagea, p. 619 
dd. Shrubs; flowers 35-50 mm. long, leaves oblanceolate or 
obovate. 


e. Flowers pink, appearing before the leaves expand. 
Azalea nudiflora, p. 612 
ee. Flowers white, clammy, appearing after the leaves have 


expanded. 
f. Leaves glaucous. A. viscosa glauca, p. 614 
ff. Leaves not glaucous. A. viscosa, p. 613 


cc. Corolla campanulate, 35-50 mm. broad, white or tinged with pink, 
with yellowish dots within. Leaves 10-20 x 3-6 cm., evergreen. 
Rhododendron, p. 614 
ccc, Carolla saucer-shapéd, leaves oblong to oval, evergreen. 
d. Flowers 6-10 mm. broad, deep pink, leaves 30-60 mm. long. 
Kalmia angustifolia, p. 616 
dd. Flowers 16-25 mm. broad, white or pink, leaves 5~13 mm. long. 
Kalmia latifolia, p. 616 
bb. Corolla small, urn-shaped pendant, white, or pink tinted. 
c. Trailing vine, leaves spatulate, 12-25 mm. long, evergreen. 
Arctostaphylos, p. 621 
cc. Low shrub, 50-150 mm. high from a subterranean stem; leaves, 
oval clustered at the ends of the branches, 25-50 mm. long, ever- 
green. Gaultheria, p. 620 
ccc. Erect shrubs. 
d. Flowers 6-8 mm. long, in conspicuous secund racemes. 


e. Low bog shrub, 6 dm. high. Chamedaphne, p. 619 

ee. Tall shrub, 12-18 dm. high. Leucothoe, p. 617 
dd. Flowers 10-12 mm. long in lateral umbels. Low shrub, 3-6 
dm. high. Pieris, p. 618 


ddd. Flowers 3 mm. long, in terminal, often dense panicles. 
Xolisma, p. 618 
AZALEA L. 
Azalea nudiflora L. Pink Azalea, Wild Honeysuckle. 


Pl. XCV. 
Azalea mudiflora Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 214. 1762 [Virginia]_—Barton, Fl. 
Phila. 113, 1818.—Knieskern 20. 
Rhododendron nudiflorum Britton 162. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 613 


Common in woodlands of the Northern and Middle districts, 
occasional in the Cape May peninsula, and very rare in the Pine 
Barrens. 

While frequent in the woods of West Jersey, this Azalea is 
by no means typical of the coastal plain, the following species 
being the characteristic species of the region. 

A specimen from Mickleton represents the form known as A. 
nudtflora glandifera Porter (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XXVII, 
508, 1900). 

Fl.—Early May to late May, appearing before or with the 
leaves. Fr.—Early July to late July. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Bordentown, Birmingham, Medford (S), 
Camden (P), Westville, Gloucester, Woodbury, Mickleton, Swedesboro, 
Quinton. 


Pine Barrens——Hammonton, Speedwell. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Azalea viscosa L. White Azalea. 


Pl. LVIIL., Fig. 2. 
Azalea viscosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 151. 1753 [Virginia]—Barton, Fl. Phila. 
113. 1818.—Knieskern 20. 
Rhododendron viscosum Britton 162. 
Azalea viscosa nitida Keller and Brown 246. 

Common in swamps throughout the coastal plain and at several 
stations in Sussex, Warren and Morris Counties in the moun- 
tains. Very abundant in the Pine Barrens, but rather rare on 
the coast islands and lower Cape May peninsula. 

One of our most attractive Pine Barren shrubs. Its white 
flower clusters fill the swamps with a delicate heliotrope-like 
fragrance, following close upon the Magnolia and lasting until 
the white spikes of the Clethra are ready to take their place. The 
three keep the swamps redolent with perfume nearly the whole 
summer through. 

Fl—Early June to early July, sporadically somewhat later, 
appearing after the leaves. Fr—Early September to early 
October apparently. 


Middle District Farmingdale, Pensauken (S), Brown’s Mills, Kaighns Pt., 
Haddonfield (KB), Medford, Westville, Washington Park, Mickleton, 
Swedesboro, Yorktown, Elmer (P), Union Grove (S), Dividing Creek. 


614 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Pine Barrens—Manchester, Davenport, Forked River, W. Plains (S), 
Albion, Malaga (P), Andrews’, Ancora, Inskip, Winslow Jnc., Egg Harbor 
City. 

Coast Strip—Beach Haven Crest (L), Holgate’s (L,), Beesley’s Pt. (S). 

Cape May.—Bennett. 


Azalea viscosa glauca Michx. Glaucous Azalea. 


Azalea viscosa glauca Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 151. 1803 [Lower Carolina]. 
—Keller and Brown 246. 

Rhododendron viscosum glaucum Britton 162. 

Frequent with the preceding, but not so plentiful. This is not 
a geographic form in any sense, but seems to occur wherever the 
true viscosa is found. 

Fl.—Apparently slightly later than the last. 

Middle District—Spring Lake (C), Mickleton 7 miles west (= Repaupo) ; 
Swedesboro, Union Grove (S). 


Pine Barrens.—Allaire, Lakehurst, Forked River, Hammonton, Inskip. 
Coast Sirip—Peahala (L,), Beach Haven Crest (1,), Cold Spring. 


RHODODENDRON L. 
Rhododendron maximum L. Rhododendron. 


Pl. XCIV., Fig. 1. 
Rhododendron maximum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 392. 1753 [Virginia]—Willis 30. 
—Britton 161.—Keller and Brown 247. 
Rhododendron maximum album Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 297. 1814. 

Along streams and lakes at various points in the northern 
counties and down the Delaware to Florence Heights. Also wat 
two isolated localities in Cedar Swamps in the Pine Barrens. 

The occurrence of the Rhododendron in the flat plains of the 
Pine Barrens has always been a surprise to me. Associated as. 
it is in my mind with cool shaded slopes of the mountains, it 
seems entirely out of place in South Jersey. 

Pursh seems to have been the first one to have recorded its. 
occurrence here, as he mentions under the habitat of the species 
“Shady Cedar Swamps, New Jersey and Delaware.” 

The stations are remote and not easy of access, so that the 
plant is not threatened with annihilation as it would be in more 
frequented spots. 

On July 9, 1910, I visited a colony near Sicklerville, My own 
efforts on a previous trip having failed to discover it, I was 
fortunate in obtaining directions from a native who had been 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 615 


to the “Oleander patch” several times. Entering a low wood 
I walked for perhaps two hundred yards on a gradual descent 
until I reached a point where white cedars began to appear, 
and soon the ground pitched steeply down to the char- 
acteristic sphagnum bottom of the cedar swamp, with great 
rank growths of ferns, Woodwardias, Osmunda cinnamomea and 
Dryopteris simulata. The cedars rose on every hand like tall 
columns, their dense tops shutting off much of the light, and 
under them, with tangled and twisted trunks and branches, grew 
the Rhododendrons, the masses of white blossoms standing out 
conspicuously against the dark leaves and the general gloom. 
The high humidity, the absolute lack of motion in the air, and 
the low basin-like character of the spot made it extremely oppres- 
sive and the atmosphere seemed fairly reeking with moisture. 

I have suffered from excessive perspiration in the Rhododen- 
dron thickets of the Alleghenies much as I did that day in the 
cedar swamp, and perhaps the similarly humid conditions are 
what the plant needs. It was interesting to note growing with it 
another straggler from the north, Ilicioides mucronata, brought 
evidently by the same climatic upheaval which drove the Rhodo- 
dendron so far to the south of its usual range. The swamp 
stretched away on all sides, and one might wander for hours 
through its gloomy depths without finding this little thicket, or 
without finding the way out again, if it were not for the path 
that had been opened up by woodchoppers. Another larger 
patch of Rhododendrons has been seen by gunners in winter 
time in the swamps bordering the upper Egg Harbor River, but 
I could find no one who had visited it.in summer, and those who 
had stumbled upon it in autumn or winter could not find their 
way back again. 

Fl.—Late June to late July. Fr—Early August into autumn. 

Middle District—Bordentown, Kinkora, Florence (C). 
Pine Barrens.—Near Sicklerville, Near Atsion. 
DENDRIUM Desvaux. 
Dendrium buxifolium (Berg.). Sand Myrtle. 


Pl. XCVL, Fig. 2. 
Ledum buxifolium Berg, Act. Petrop. I: 213. 1778 [New Jersey]. 
Ammyrsine. buxifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. got. 1814. 
Leiophyllum buxifoliwm Knieskern 20.—Willis 39—Britton 161. 
Dendrium buxifolium Keller and Brown 247. 


616 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent in damp sand of the Pine Barrens, usually in open 
situations, finding here the northern limit of its range. 

This curious little evergreen, like a minature Box-bush, is 
typical of the very center of the Pines and does not range in New 
Jersey beyond the limits of this region. The white flowers, which 
it bears in great abundance, prove very attractive to various in- 
sects, and entomologists frequently haunt the patches of Sand 
Myrtle when searching for rarities. 

Fl.—Early May (rarely late April) to early June. Fr.—Early 
July through summer. 


Pine Barrens—Brindletown, Lakewood (NB), Lakehurst (NB), Toms 
River, Brown’s Mills, New Lisbon, Bamber, Forked River, Barnegat, East 
Plains, Speedwell, Bear Swamp, Taunton, Clementon, Atco, Jackson (P), 
Waterford (P), Cedar Brook, Landisville (T), New Germany (T), Winslow 
Jnc., Hammonton, Batsto (S), Pleasant Mills, Mays Landing. 


KALMIA L.* 
Kalmia angustifolia L. Sheep Laurel. 


Kalmia angustfolia Linneus, Sp. Pl..391. 1753 [Pennsylvania, New Jersey 
and New York].—Knieskern 20.—Britton 161. 
Kalmia glauca Barton, Fl. Phila. 199. 1818. 

Frequent in sandy ground, especially about the edges of bogs, 
everywhere except in the Cape May peninsula, where we have no 
record south of Dennisville. Most abundant in the Pine Barrens, 
where it often covers large areas. 

Fl.—Late May to late June. Fr—Late August through 
autumn. ‘ 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Washington Park, Glassboro, 
Lindenwold (S), Sewell (S), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Brown’s Mills, Bamber, Forked River, Coxe’s, 
East Plains, West Plains (8), Tabernacle, Taunton, Albion, Jackson, An- 
drews, Cedar Brook, Landisville (T), Hammonton (Bassett), Pleasant Mills, 
Egg Harbor City, Dennisville (OHB). 


Coast Strip—Spray Beach (L,), Peahala (L), North Beach Haven (L), 
Holgate’s (L). 


Kalmia latifolia L. Laurel. 
Pl. LXIV., Fig. 1. 
Kalmia latifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 391. 1753 [Maryland, Virginia and Penn- 
sylvania].—Barton, Fl. Phila. 199. 1818—Knieskern 20.—Britton 161. 


* Named for Peter Kalm (1715-1779), the Swedish explorer, who visited 
America 1748-51, and brought back many plants to Linnzus. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 617 


Throughout the State, except on the Cape May peninsula, 
where we have no record south of Goshen. Common in both dry 
and moist situations; an abundant plant in the Pine Barrens. 

The Pines seem to be the chosen land of the Ericacez, which 
abound there both in species and individuals. As we visit them 
in early spring in search of the finest Arbutus that I know of, so 
by the end of June we may be sure of finding the greatest dis- 
play of Laurel that can be found anywhere in the Middle States 
even on the mountains themselves, which are supposed to be its 
proper home. It is snow white in shady spots and reaches a 
height of six to eight feet, while in open ground, even out on the 
plains, it grows in low rounded bushes with flowers of the deepest 
pink. Unfortunately, the demand for.bushes to plant on the 
estates of the wealthy has caused the nurseryman.to nearly ex- 
terminate it in some parts of South Jersey, and many car loads 
have been hauled out of the State. 

Fl.—Late May to late June. Fr.—Late August into autumn. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Crosswicks, Birmingham, Ar- 
ney’s Mt. (S), Medford (S), Washington Park, Eight miles from Mickleton, 
Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Bayhead, Toms River, Brown’s Mills, Bamber, Forked 
River, Barnegat, Manahawkin, West Creek, East Plains, W. Plains (S), 
Coxe’s, Bear Swamp (S), Sumner, Albion, Atco, Andrews, Cedar Brook, 


Williamstown Jnc., Landisville (T), Hammonton (Bassett), Mays Landing, 
Manumuskin, Tuckahoe, Dennisville (OHB). 


LEUCOTHOE D. Don. 
Leucothoe racemosa (L.). Swamp Leucothoe. 


PL. C., Fig. 1. 
Andromeda racemosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 394. 1753 [Pennsylvania]._—Barton, 
FI. Phila. 198. 1818. 
Leucothoe racemosa Knieskern 20.—Willis 38.—Britton 160.—Keller and 
Brown 247. 

Frequent in mooist thickets throughout the coastal plain, ex- 
cept on the coast islands, where we have no records, also at 
several stations in the uplands of the northern counties. 

The long one-sided racemes remind one of the Chamedaphne, 
but they are much less conspicuous, blooming when the leaves are 
well developed. 

F].—Mid-May to late June. Fr.—Late September through 
autumn. 


618 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Arney’s Mt. (S), Delair, Fish House (S), 
Medford (S$), Washington Park, Glassboro, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens——Davenport, Brown’s Mills, Forked River, Speedwell (S), 
Jackson, Cedar Brook, Malaga (P), Landisville, Hammonton (Bassett), Pan- 


coast (S). 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


PIERIS D. Don. 
Pieris mariana (L.). Stagger-bush. 
Andromeda mariana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 393. 1753 [Virginia] Barton, Fl. 
Phila. 197. 1818—Knieskern 20.—Willis 38—Britton 247. 
Pieris mariana Keller and Brown 247. 

Common in sandy ground throughout the Coastal plain, al- 
though not noted south of Dennisville on the Cape May penin- 
sula. Also at a few points in the uplands of the northern counties. 

The flowers of this little bush are the largest and handsomest 
of any of the urn-shaped blooms so frequent among the Huckle- 
berries and Ericaceous shrubs. 

Their dense white masses form one of the attractive features 
of the sandy road—I will not say roadsides, for they grow quite 
as frequently in the midde—in June. 

Fr—tate May to late June. Fr—Early September through 
autumn. 


Middle District—Matawan (NB), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arney’s Mt. 
(S), Pemberton (NB), Medford, Lawnside (S), Washington Park, Linden- 
wold (S), Mickleton, Mantua, Sewell (S), Glassboro (S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens——Pt. Pleasant, Davenport, ‘Toms River (S), Brown’s Mills, 
Forked River, Tuckerton, Manahawkin, East Plains, West Plains (S), Speed- 
well, Tabernacle, Bear Swamp (S), Albion, Williamstown Jnc., Atco, Cedar 
Brook, Landisville, Hammonton (Bassett), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, 
Dennisville (S). 

Coast Strip—Holgate’s (L,), Spray Beach (L), Surf City (L), Peahala 
(L), Sherburn’s (L), Beach Haven Crest (L). 


XOLISMA Rafinesque. 
Xolisma ligustrina (L.). Privet Andromeda. 


Vaccinium ligustrina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 351. 1753 [Pennsylvania]. 
Andromeda paniculata Barton, Fl. Phila. 198. 1818. 

Andromeda ligustrina Knieskern 20.—Britton 16t. 

Xolisma ligustrina Keller and Brown 247. 


Frequent throughout the State, usually in moist thickets; very 
common in the Pine Barrens. 

While the flowers aré the smallest of any of the Andromeda- 
like shrubs, they are sometimes born in such masses as to be 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 619 


quite conspicuous. One specimen in my herbarium has an in- 
florescence measuring 25 cm. in length. 


Fr.—Mid-June to early July. Fr—Early September through 
autumn. 


Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale, New Egypt, Hartford, Med- 
ford (S), Westville, Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Mickleton, Tomlin, 
Swedesboro, Yorktown, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Pt. Pleasant (S), Forked River, Manahawkin, Speedwell, 
Applepie Hill, Bear Swamp, Albion, Andrews, Williamstown Jnc., Winslow 
(S), Hammonton (Bassett), Weekstown, Folsom, Tuckahoe (S). 

Cape May.—Cape May. 


EPIGAA L. 
Epigzea repens L. Arbutus. 
Pl. XCVIII. 
Epige@a repens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 395 [Virginia and Canada]—Knieskern 20. 

—Britton 160. 

Found in dry sandy woods throughout the State; most abun- 
dant in the Pine Barrens and the mountains of the northern 
counties. 

Arbutus seems out of place in the sandy stretches of the Pine 
Barrens, but, nevertheless, it grows here in luxuriance and with 
as fine flowers as I have ever seen in richer soil. Sometimes 
fire sweeps over its haunts and frequently the mid-summer sun 
curls up its leaves until the edges are brown and brittle, but 
still it persists and rivals the Pyxie and Helonias as the most 
attracive early spring flower of the region. 

F],—Farly April to early May. Fr—July, probably. 

Middle District.—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Bordentown, Birmingham, Fish 
House, Kirkwood, Glassboro, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Brown’s Mills, Bamber, Woodmansie, Waretown, E. Plains 
(S), Bear Swamp (S$), Hammonton (Bassett), Pleasant Mills, Mays Land- 


ing (S), Palermo, Petersburg (S). 
Cape May.—Court House, Cold Spring (OHB). 


CHAMAEDAPHNE Moench, 
Chameedaphne calyculata (L.). Leather-leaf, Cassandra. 
Pl. XCIL, Fig. 1; Pl. C., Fig. 2. 


Andromeda calyculata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 304., 1753 [Virginia, Canada and 
Siberia] —Barton, Fl. Phila. 197. 1818: 

Cassandra calyculata Knieskern 20.—Britton 160. 

Chamedaphne calyculata Keller and Brown 247. 


s 


620 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Swamps and edges of ponds and bogs. Most abundant in the 
Pine Barrens and parts of the northern counties, less common 
elsewhere and apparently absent from the coast and Cape May 
peninsula. 

The small wet bogs of the Pine Barrens where shallow water 
is always standing and the borders of the large cranberry hogs 
are covered with a thick growth of this little shrub; the upper 
parts of the branches are covered with the small, dull green. 
often brown, leaves, while below is a wiry mass of stems and 
twigs. 

In early spring, when the Shadbush and Red Maple are the 
only taller shrubs or trees to bloom, the Leather-leaf puts forth 
the one sided racemes of white cylindrical flowers, which have 
gained for it the name of “false teeth bush.” 

Fl—Early April to early May, from buds of the previous 
season. Fr—Early September through autumn. 

Middle District—Shark River, New Egypt, Berlin, Kaighns Pt., Six miles 
west Mickleton, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens——Toms River, Brown’s Mills, Bamber, Forked River, West 
Creek, Cedar Bridge, High Bridge, Bear Swamp, Albion, Cedar Brook, Land- 
isville (T), Buena Vista, Pleasant Mills (T), Winslow Jnc., Hammonton 
(P), Pancoast, Mays Landing (S), Dennisville (OHB). 

GAULTHERIA L. 
Gaultheria procumbens L. Wintergreen. 
Pl. XCIIL, Fig. 2; XCVII., Fig. 1. 
Gaultheria procumbens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 395. 1753 [Canada]—Barton, Fl. 
Phila. 194. 1818—Knieskern 20.—Britton 160. 

Woods and thickets; most abundant in the Pine Barrens and 
in the mountains of the northern counties. 

The Wintergreen is a characteristic plant of the South Jersey 
woods, and the berries are often gathered and sold by the natives 
of the Pine Barrens. 

Fi.—tLate June to early August. Fr.—Late September into 
October, persisting over winter. 

Middle District.—Shark River, New Egypt, Medford (S$), Sicklerville (S), 
Braddock’s Mill (S), Lindenwold, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Pt. Pleasant (S), Brown’s Mills, Toms River (P), Forked 
River, Waretown, Pasadena, Cox’s, Tuckerton, Manahawkin, E. Plains (S), 


Speedwell, Clementon (S), Cedar Brook, Winslow Jnc., Hammonton (Bas- 
sett). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 621 


ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adanson. 
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.). Bearberry, “Uvursy.” 
Pl. XCIX; PL C, Fig. 3. 


Arbutus Uva-ursi Linneeus, Sp. Pl. 395. 1753 [Europe frig. and Canada]— 
Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 283. 1814. 


Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi Knieskern 20.—Willis 38—Britton 159.—Saunders, 
Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila. 544.—Keller and Brown 248. 

Reported from three localities on the Palisades and mountains 
of the northern counties and frequent in the central Pine Barrens. 

This is one of the’ species most characteristic of the plains of 
the Pine Barrens, though it is not so closely restricted to this area 
of dwarf vegetation as is the Corema. Both are northern species 
of wind-swept coast and mountain top, which here find their 
southernmost limit. 

Mr. C. F. Saunders says of it in this region: “In some places 
the Bearberry formed a veritable carpet, the dry, astringent 
berries not yet tinged with the crimson that makes them so 
conspicuous in winter. The gathering of this plant for shipment 
to the cities, where it has been more or less extensively employed 
in medicine, used to be a considerable industry in southern New 
Jersey. Ai reminiscence of this old-time trade still lingers in 
one of the common names of the plant down there, viz., Uvursy 
—the shop name of the berry being uva-ursi.” 

In early spring the plant is particularly attractive when we 
find among the dark, shining evergreen leaves the tiny little 
urn-shaped pink and white blossoms, like diminutive Huckle- 
berry flowers, but far more delicaate. 

In mid-summer, on the white sandy wastes, the dense mats 
‘of foliage of the Bearberry offer welcome shelter to various 
_grasshoppers, lizards, etc., which go scuttling away as their 
retreat is threatened. 

Fl.—Late A'pril to mid-May. Fr.—Early August into Sep- 
tember, persisting through the winter into the following spring. 

Pine Barrens —Lakehurst, Davenport, Toms River, Whitings, Mt. Misery, 
Hanover, Bamber, Pasadena, Cedar Grove (S), Cedar Bridge, E. Plains, W. 
Plains, Speedwell (S), Chatsworth, Atsion (KB), Pleasant Mills, Batsto, 
Elwood (KB). 


622 REPORT.OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Family VACCINIACE. Huckleberries, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Trailing -vine, corolla, white tinged with pink, deeply four parted, with 
reflexed lobes. Berry large, crimson. Oxycoccus, p. 627 
aa. Erect shrubs. 
b. Flowers open, campanulate, yellowish or purplish green, berry green or 
yellowish. Polycodium, p. 624 
bb. Flowers cylindrical, bell-shaped. 
c. Leaves entire. : 
d. Pale and glaucous beneath. 
e. Berries in loose racemes, bracts foliacious, deciduous 
flowers greenish pink. Gaylussacia frondosa, p. 623 
ee, Berries in more compact racemes, bracts none. 
f. Bushes 2-4 m. high. 
g. Berries black, flowers pink, appearing before the 
leaves, leaves pubescent beneath. 
Vaccinium atrococcum, p. 626 
gg. Berries blue, flowers white, appearing with the 
leaves, leaves nearly or quite glabrous. 
, V. corymbosum, p. 624 
ff. Bushes 1.5-8 dm. high, berries blue, leaves glabrous, 
flowers pink. V. vaccillans, p. 627 
dd. Leaves resinous dotted, green on both sides, racemes leafy, 
berries black. . 
e. Bracts inconspicuous, deciduous. 
Gaylussacia baccata, p. 624 
ee. Bracts leaf-like, persistent, berries somewhat hisped. 
G. dumosa, p. 623 
cc. Leaves serrate, small twigs green. 
d. Leaves narrowly oval-oblong 25-65X12-25 mm. 


e. Shrub 9-30 dm. high. ‘ Vaccinium virgatum$ p. 625 

ee. Shrub 1.5-8 dm. high. V. vaccillans, p. 627 

dd. Leaves acute at both ends, 18-36X6-12 mm., shrub 1.5-6 dm. 
high. V. pennsylcanicum, p. 626 


Large quantities of huckleberries are gathered and shipped 
out of southern New Jersey every year. Vaccinium corym- 
bosum yields the best berry, but it is not so plentiful as the 
lower species, and growing in the swamps is harder to get at. 
The bulk of the crop consists of V. vaccillans, Gaylussacia baccata 
and G. frondosa. ‘The somewhat hispid berries of G. dumosa— 
“Grouseberry”’ as it is locally called—do not seem to be market- 
able, while Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, such an abundant fruit 
bearer in the mountains, does not seem to develop full-sized fruit 
in this region, at least not in the lower part. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 623 


Gaylussacia baccata is probably the most abundant species, and 
is popularly known as “Hog huckleberry.” 


GAYLUSSACIA Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth. 
Gaylussacia frondosa (L.). Blue Huckleberry. 


Pi. CIL, Fig. 1. 
Vaccinium frondosum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 351 1753 [N. America].—Barton, Fl. 
‘Phila. 196. 1818. 
Vaccinium frondosum var. lanceolatum Pursh, I. 286. 1814 [N. J. to Caro- 
lina]. 
Gaylussacia frondasa Knieskern 20.—Britton 158.—Keller and Brown 248. 


Dry woodland; frequent throughout but mainly on the coastal 
plain and most abundant in the Pine Barrens. 
F].—Late May to late June. Fr.—Mid-July into September. 


Middle District Farmingdale, Arney’s Mt. (S), Fish House (S), Kaighns 
Swp., Medford (S), Repaupo, Tomlin (S), Sewell (S), Clementon, Sickler- 
ville, Glassboro, Dividing Creek (S$). i 

Pine Barrens.—Pt. Pleasant (S), Toms River (S), Brown’s Mills, Bamber, 
Forked River, Tuckerton, W. Plains, Speedwell, Chatsworth, Bear Swamp 
(S), Albion, Cedar Brook, Winslow (S), Mouth of Batsto, Egg Harbor City 
(S), Tuckahoe (S). 

Coast Strip—Brant Beach (L,), Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L,), Beach 
Haven (L), Holgate’s (L). 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Cape May. 


Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.).* Leafy-bracted Huckleberry. 
Pl. CIL, Fig. 3. 
Vaccinium dumosum Andrews, Bot. Rep. II. pl. 112. 1799 [North America].— 


Barton, Fl. Phila. 195. 1818—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 285. 1814. 
Gaylussacia dumosa Knieskern 20.—Britton 158—Keller and Brown 248. 


Plentiful throughout the Pine Barrens and locally in the Mid- 
dle and Cape May districts, in open sandy swamps. 
Fl.—Late May to late June. Fr—tLate July into September. 


Middle District—Shark R., Squan (NB), Farmingdale, Burlington, Kaighns 
Pt, Griffith’s Swp., Kirkwood, Sewell (S), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Manchester, Lakehurst, Davenport, Bamber, Forked River, 
Mayetta, E. Plains, Speedwell, Bear Swamp, Clementon, Albion, Jackson, 
Atco, Andrews, Williamstown Jnc., Cedar Brook, Landisville (T), Winslow 
(S), Hammonton, Quaker Bridge, Egg Harbor City, Folsom, Twelfth St. 
(T), Mays Landing, Woodbine, Tuckahoe (S). 

Cape May—Dias Creek (S). 


*I fail to distinguish the variety bigeloviana, proposed by Prof. Fernald, cf. 
Rhodora I9II, 99. 


624 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Gaylussacia baccata Wang.t Black Huckleberry. 


Pl. CIL., Fig. 2. 
Vaccinium baccatum Wangenheim, Brit. Am. 30, pl. 39, £ 60. 1787 [New 
York]. 
Vaccinium resinosum Barton, Fl. Phila. 196. 1818. 
Gaylussacia resinosa Knieskern 20.—Britton 158. 


Dry woodland; common throughout the State. 
Fl.—Early May to early June. Fr—Early July into August 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Arrieys Mt. (S), Merchantville, Medford 
(S), Clementon (S), Sicklerville (S), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens——Toms River, Brown’s Mills, New Lisbon, Bamber, Ware- 
town, E. Plains, W. Plains, Speedwell, Cedar Brook, Landisville (T), Wins- 
low (S), Atsion (NB), Head of Batsto, Pleasant Mills (NB), Tuckahoe (S). 

Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven Crest (L), 
Piermont (S). 

Cape May—Court House (S). 


POLYCODIUM Rafinesque. 
Polycodium stamineum (L.). Deerberry. 


Vaccinium stamineum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 350. 1753 [North America].—Bar- 
ton, Fl. Phila. 195. 1818—Knieskern 20.—Britton 158. 

?Vaccinium album Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 285. 1814 [New Jersey to] 
Carolina.] 


Frequent in woodlands of the northern counties and rare 
southward in the Middle district only. 

Fl.—Mid-May to early June. Fr—Early September through 
autumn. 

Middle District—Bordentown, Washington Park, Mickleton, Delair. 


VACCINIUM L. 
Vaccinium corymbosum L. Tall Blueberry. 


Pl. CI, Fig. 1. 
Vaccinium corymbosum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 350. 1753 [North America].— 
Barton, Fl. Phila. 196. 1818—Knieskern 20.—Britton 149. 


Frequent in swampy thickets throughout the State. 

Fl.—Early May to late May, appearing when the leaves are 
partly expanded. Fr.—Early July to early August, sporadically 
through the latter month. 

This is the most frequent tall blueberry. It varies a good 
deal in the size of flowers and fruit and in leaf characters. These 
variations are discussed under lV’. cesariense below. 


tcf. Mackenzie Torreya 1907: 60. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 625 


Middle District Farmingdale, Bordentown, New Egypt, Kaighns Pt., Pen- 
sauken (S), Washington Park, Westville, Mickleton, Mantua, Sicklerville 
(S), Swedesboro, Union Grove (S$), Quinton, Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (S), Forked River, Manahawkin, Speedwell, 
Harris, Penbryn (S), Head of Batsto, Cedar Brook, Landisville (T’), Weeks- 
town, Egg Harbor City, Dennis (S). 
ne Strip.—Ocean City (S), Piermont (S), Surf City (L), Spray Beach 


Vaccinium virgatum Ait. Southern Black Blueberry. 


Vaccimium virgatum Aiton, Hort. Kew. II. 12. 1789 [North America].— 
Mackenzie, Torreya VII. 144. 


Pine Barrens; rather local. 

Fl. and Fr.—Apparently similar to V. corymbosum. 

Pine Barrens—New Lisbon, Farmingdale, Pt. Pleasant, Speedwell, Chats- 
worth, Lakehurst (Mackenzie). 

Vaccinium czesariense Mackenzie. New Jersey Blueberry. 

Vaccinium cesariense Mackensie, Torreya 1910. 230 [Toms River]. 

Frequent in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl. and Fr.—Apparently similar to V. corymbosum. 


Middle District—Woodbury. 
Pine Barrens—Pleasant Mills. 
Coast Strip.—Five-Mile Beach. 


There seem to be, as stated by Mr. Mackenzie, three forms 
of tall Blueberry in the New Jersey coastal plain. Material is 
not available for a satisfactory study of the flowers as compared 
with the tall Blueberries of eastern Pennsylvania or northern 
New Jersey, but considering leaves only we have within our 
limits, (1) a form with finely serrate leaves (virgatwm) some- 
what pubescent below, apparently restricted to the Pine Barrens 
in southern New Jersey, although some specimens from the Cape 
May peninsula are intermediate between this and the next, the 
serration being obscure, but clearly present; (2) a form with 
entire leaves somewhat pubescent below, particularly on the 
veins (corymbosum) and (3) .an entire leaved absolutely glab- 
rous form (c@sariense). 

The last two occur also on the Alleghenies of Sullivan and 
Wyoming Counties, Pennsylvania, and doubtless elsewhere in 
. the intervening country, while a serrate-leaved very pubescent 
plant was found by Mr. E.. B. Bartram, at Bangor, Northampton 
Co., Penna. 

40 MUS 


626 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


V. corymbosum is admittedly wide ranging, and the evidence 
is suggestive that the other forms are to be found materially 
north of the New Jersey coastal plain, unless it be found that 
the more northern specimens have distinctive floral characters. 
If not, it seems possible that some older names may have to be 
considered in straightening out the nomenclature of the group. 
Provisionally, however, the New Jersey plants had better be 
named in accordance with Mr. Mackenzie’s conclusions. 


Vaccinium atrococcum (Gray). Black Blueberry. 


Vaccinium corymbosum var. atrococcum Gray, Man. Ed. V. 292. 1867. 
[Eastern North America]. 
Vaccinium disomorphum Britton 159. 
Vaccinium atrococcum Keller and Brown 249. 
Moist thickets throughout our region and also northward in 
Bergen and Hudson Counties. 
Fl.—Late April to mid-May, appearing before or with the 
leaves. F'r—Late June to late July, sporadically into August. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, Burlington (C), Pemberton (NB), Wash- 
ington Park, Woodbury, Mickleton, Palatine, Alloway, Union Grove (S).* 
Pine Barrens—Forked River (C), Toms River (S),.Mayetta, Chatsworth, 
Winslow (S), Egg Harbor City. 
Coast Sirip—Surf City (L), Peahala (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), 
Spray Beach (L). 
Cape May.—South Dennis, Court House (S), Cold Spring. 


Vaccinium pennsylvanicum Lam. Narrow-leaved Dwarf Blueberry. 


Pl. CL, Fig. 2. 
Vaccinium pennsylvanicum Lamarck, Encycl. I. 74. 1783 [Pennsylvania] — 

—Knieskern 20.—Britton 159.—Keller and Brown 249. 

Vaccinium tenellum Barton, Fl. Phila. 197. 1818. 

Frequent in the northern counties and northeastern part of 
the Middle district, less common in the southern part, generally 
near the edge of the Pine Barrens, but very rare in that region 
itself. 

Fl.—Late April to mid-May, appearing with the leaves. Fr— 
Late June to late July, rarely slightly later. 


* Swedesboro (KB) = V. vaccilans. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 627 


Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale, Bordentown, Kirkwood, Pen- 
sauken (S), Arneys Mt. (S), Pemberton (C), New Lisbon, Brown’s Mills, 
Fish House (S$), Haddonfield (KB), Taunton, Westville (KB), Ballingers 
Mill, Lindenwold, Fairview (H), Atco (C), Clementon, Swedesboro (CDL), 

_Elsinboro (C), Millville (KB). 

Pine Barrens.—Bamber.* 


Vaccinium vaccillans “Kalm,” Torrey. Low Blueberry. 


PL. CL, Fig. 3. 
Vaccinium vaccillans “Kalm,” Torrey Fl. N. Y. I. 44. 1843 [near New 
York]— Britton 159. 

Dry woods; common throughout the State. 

Fl,—Early May to late May, when the leaves are partly ex- 
panded. Fr.—tLate June to late July, rarely slightly later. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Bordentown, Pensauken (S), Arney’s Mt,, 
Delaire, Fish House (S), Medford (S), Woodbury Hts., Sicklerville (S). 

Pine Barrens—Davenport, Toms River, Bamber, Forked River, E. Plains, 
W. Plains, Speedwell, Clementon, Cedar Brook, Tuckahoe, Somers Pt. (NB). 

Coast Strip—Five-Mile Beach. 

Cape May.—Court House (8). 


OXYCOCCUS Hill. 
Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.). Cranberry.+ 


Pl. XCVIL., Fig. 2. 
Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, Hort. Kew. II. 13 pl. 7. 1789 [North 
America]. 
Oxycoccus macrocarpus Barton, Fl. Phila. 184. 1818—Britton 158.—Keller 
and Brown 250. 
Vaccinium Oxycoccus Knieskern 20. 


Locally in Bergen, Essex and Hudson Counties and plentiful 
in the bogs of the Pine Barrens; rarely in the Middle and Cape 
May districts. 

The cultivation of the Cranberry is to-day the principal in- 
dustry of the Pine Barrens, and every year acres of natural bog, 


*The Hammonton record (KB) has not been verified, and is, I think, very 
doubtful. 

+Cf. Wm. Saunders, Cranberry Culture, U. S, Dept. Agr., Farmers’ Bul- 
letin 13. 1804. J. B. Smith, Insects Injurious in Cranberry Culture, Uz S. 
Dept. Agr., Farmers’ Bulletin 178. 1903. Cc. L. Shear, Cranberry Diseases, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Bulletin 110, Bureau Plant Industry. 1907. 

Prof. Willis in his catalogue, p. 37, states that Vaccinium. oxycoccus occurs 
in Ocean and Monmouth counties, but that it is rapidly being supplanted by 
the larger V7. macrocarpon. I find no other evidence, and think that the 
smaller cranberry to which he referred was merely the wild native form of 


O. macrocarpus. 


628 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


open savanna land or cleared cedar swamp are converted into 
cultivated bog. The usual procedure is to construct a dyke or 
dam across the stream which waters the tract and along the 
sides of the area also wherever the natural slope of the land is 
not sufficient to serve as a barrier; ditches are then cut through at 
intervals and the vines are planted. In the late autumn or early 
winter the floodgates are put down and the green bog becomes 
a spacious lake.* Early in May the water is drawn off and after 
about two weeks the bog is again flooded for a few days to drown 
out certain insect pests which devour the vines. The bogs occa- 
sionally require to be sanded to lighten the soil and produce 
better growth. This is done in winter by spreading the sand 
over the ice, which when it melts, of course, deposits the sand 
evenly over the bog. 

By September first the picking begins. Some of it is done by 
hand, but much of it by scoops provided with long slender fingers, 
which, drawn lengthwise along the vines, pull the berries off into 
the hollow of the scoop. ‘The berries that are scattered or lost 
from the scoops are often secured by flooding the bogs again, 
when they rise to the surface and can be scooped up wherever 
they collect. The picking ends about the middle of October and 
then the bogs are raked so as to draw all the vines in one direc- 
tion to aid the gathering of the next crop. Several different 
types of berry have originated as the result of cultivation, a large 
ovoid one, the “Howell”; a more spherical berry, the ordinary 
Jersey form, and a smaller, darker one, the “Cape Cod.” All are 
mere forms of O. macrocarpus. 

The picking was in old times done by the natives, but for some 
years past it has been almost entirely done by Italians, who are 
brought down from Philadelphia and other neighboring cities in 
large numbers, accompanied by their wives and families, all of 
whom aid in the work. Their camps, with blazing fires and 
music at night, are quite picturesque, offset as they are by the 
darkness of the surrounding forest and cedar swamps. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July. Fr—Late August to mid-Sep- 
tember, persisting over winter. 


* See Pl. CX XIX. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 629 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Burlington, Washington Park, 
Mickleton, Clementon (S), Centerton (S), Union Grove (S), Swedesboro, 
Repaupo (CDL,), Beaver Dam. 

Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens——Pt. Pleasant, Davenport, Toms River, Hanover, Brown’s 
Mills, Forked River, Bear Swamp (S), Kenilworth (S), Speedwell, Bal- 
linger’s Mill, Albion, Andrews, Cedar Brook, Landisville (T), Inskip, Ham- 
monton, Egg Harbor City, Folsom, Absecon, Palermo. 


Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L,), Spray Beach (L), Beach 
Haven (L), Holgate’s (L), Seaside Park (S). 
Cape May.—Dias Creek (S). 


Family DIAPENSIACE@. Diapensia, etc. 
PYXIDANTHERA Michaux. 
Pyxidanthera barbulata Michx. Pyxie. 


Pl. XXXIV,, Fig. 1. 

Pyxidanthera barbulata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 152 pl. 17. 1803 [Upper 
Carolina]—Knieskern 24.—Willis 48—Britton 164.—Keller and Brown 
250. 

Diapensia cuneifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 148. 1814. 

Plentiful in the white sand of the Pine Barrens, also at several 
localities in Middlesex County and one in Camden County in the 

Middle district. 


The Pyxie to some extent takes the place of the Hepatica in 
the Pine Barrens as one of the emblems of spring. Certainly 
there are few more attractive sights in the still brown woods than 
its white starry blossoms looking forth from their green moss- 
like setting and often partly covered by dead strands of grass or 
withered leaves which have covered them during the winter. The 
Pyxie seems to grow both in dry and moist situations, but always 
in sand, sometimes forming patches a foot in diameter, with little 
sprays trailing off from the main colony each lined with the little 
round petaled flowers. 

Fl.—Early April to early May. 

Middle District—Griffth’s Swamp. 

Pine Barrens —Shark River (P), Brindletown, Toms River (NB), Brown’s 
Mills, Bamber, Woodmansie, Forked River, Waretown, Manchester (NB), 
Cedar Bridge, E. Plains, Bear Swamp, Clementon, Sumner, Jackson, Cedar 


Brook, Waterford (P), Landisville, Millville, Hammonton, Pleasant Mills, 
Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S), Belleplain (OHB). 


630 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Order PRIMULALES. 


Family PRIMULACE. Primroses, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Plants of ponds or marshes, with inconspicuous flowers. 
b. Aquatic herb, with crowded submersed pinnate leaves and a thick 


emersed spike of small flowers. Hottonia, p. 630 
bb. Small, prostrate, maritime herbs with opposite fleshy leaves and 
minute axillary flowers. Glaus, p. 633 


aa. Plants of swamps or dry ground, flowers conspicuous. 
b. Flowers white. 
c. Not over 2 mm. broad in an elongated terminal raceme. ; leaves 
-alternate, obovate, obtuse 20-80 mm. long. Samolus, p. 631 
cc. Flowers 8-12 mm. broad, few or solitary, leaves lanceolate or 
oblong lanceolate, clustered in a whorl at the top of the stem. 
Trientalis, p. 633 
bb. Flowers yellow. 
c. Plant trailing, flowers axillary, solitary. 
[Lysimachia nummularia]* 
cc. Plant erect. 
d, Leaves verticillate. L. quadrifolia, p. 631 
dd. Leaves opposite. 
e. Flowers not over 10 mm. broad, in a terminal raceme. 
f. Raceme leafy only at the base. LL. terrestris, p. 631 
ff. Raceme leafy to the middle. L. producta, p. 632 
ee. Flowers 10-25 mm. broad, axillary and slender peduncled. 
f. Petioles strongly ciliate, plant 3-12 dm. high. 
Steironema ciliata, p. 632 
ff. Petioles not ciliate, plant 1.5-9 dm. high. 
S. lanceolata, p. 632 
bbb. Flowers scarlet, axillary, 4-6 mm. broad, leaves opposite, black dotted 
below. [Anagallis arvensis]? 


HOTTONIA L. 


Hottonia inflata Ell. Featherfoil. 
Hottonia inflata Elliott, Bot. S.C. and Ga. I: 231. - 1817 [Millidgeville. 
Ga.].—Britton 164.—Keller and Brown 250. 
In ponds, etc., rare; several localities in Bergen County; two 
in the Middle and one in the Cape May district. 


Fl.—May and June specimens show flower, mature capsules 
and buds. 


*Money-wort, “Wandering Jew,” a bad weed in lawns. 
* Scarlet Pimpernel, a weed in waste ground. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 631 


Middle District—Eatontown (C), Riddleton, 
Cape May.—Green Creek (OHB). 


SAMOLUS L. 
Samolus floribundus H.B.K. Water Pimpernel. 
Samolus floribundus Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth, Nov. Gen. IL 224. 

1818 [near Callao, Peru].—Keller and Brown 250. 

Samolus Valerandi var. floribundus Britton 166. 
Samolus Valerandi Nuttall, Gen. I. rar. 1818. 
Samolus Valerandi var. Americanus Knieskern 22.—Willis 41. 

Common along the edges of the Maritime marshes of the 
coast, also in the Middle district; at two localities in Burlington 
County 4nd two in Hunterdon County. 

Fl.—Late May into October. 

Middle District—Rancocas Creek, Medford (S). 

Coast Strip—Sea Bright, Long Branch, Pt. Pleasant, Seaside Park, Forked 
River, Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Ship Bottom (L), 
Absecon (S$), Atlantic City, Palermo (S), Piermont, Wildwood, Holly 
Beach, Cold Spring (S), Cape May. 

Also a specimen in Bassett’s herbarium, from Hammonton, which I re- 
gard as of coastal origin; see p. 800. 


LYSIMAGCHIA L. 
Lysimachia quadrifolia L. Whorled Loosestrife. 
Lysimachia quadrifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 147. 1753 [Virginia].—Knieskern 
21.—Britton 165. 

Open woods, clearings, etc.; frequent in the Northern and 
Middle districts. Occasional in the Coast strip and Cape May 
peninsula; also in the Pine Barrens, where it is apparently intro- 
duced. 

Fl.—Early June to late June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Medford (S), Washington 
Park, Lindenwold (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Dividing Creek. 
Pine Barrens —Landisville, Winslow Jnc. Hammonton (Bassett). : 

Coast Strip.—Cox’s. 
‘Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Lysimachia terrestris (L.). Bulb-bearing Loosestrife. 


Viscum terrestris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1023. 1753 [Philadelphia]_—Britton 165. 
Lysimachia stricta Knieskern 21. 
Lysimachia racemosa Barton, Fl. Phila. 104. 1818. 


Low swampy ground; frequent throughout the State. A 
common species in the Pine Barrens, where the preceding is 


632 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


absent or practically so. The supposed hybrid, L. producta 
(Gray), has been collected at Burlington by S. W. Conrad. 

Curious little jointed bulblets grow out from the axils of the 
leaves in late summer producing an appearance quite different 
from that presented at the flowering season. Specimens in this 
condition were mistaken by Linnzeus for a terrestrial Mistletoe, 
which accounts for the plant being originally described in the 
genus Viscum. 

Fl.—Mid-June to early July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Hartford, Pemberton Jnc. 
(S), Kaighns Pt., Washington Park, Lindenwold (S), Mickleton, 

Pine Barrens—Toms River, Forked River, Bear Swamp, Clementon, 
Jackson, Albion, Landisville (T’), Atsion, Hammonton (Bassett), Folsom, 
Palermo. 


Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), Ship Bottom (L). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


STEIRONEMA Rafinesque. 
Steironema ciliatum (L.). Fringed Loosestrife. 

Lysimachia ciliata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 147. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 

Barton FI. Phila. 105. 1818—Knieskern 22.—Willis 41. 
Steironema ciliatum Britton 165. 

Edges of low woods and thickets; frequent in the Northern 
and upper Middle districts. 

F].—Mid-June to late July. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Delair, Camden, Oaklyn (S), 
Washington Park, Swedesboro. 


Steironema lanceolatum (Walt.). Lance-leaved Loosestrife. 


Lysimachia lanceolata Walter, Fi. Car. 92. 1788 [Carolina], 
Steironema lanceolatum Britton 165.—Keller and Brown 251. 
?Lysimachia angustifolia Barton, Fl. Phila. ros. 1818. 


Low grounds of the northern counties and rarely southward 
in the Middle district. 

This is one of the species that extend southward along the Dela- 
ware River, seldom occurring far from its shores. 

Fl.—Early July to mid-August. 

Middle District—Florence, Delanco, Washington Park (KB), between 
Camden and Glassboro, Swedesboro (CDL), Mickleton. 

Also a specimen from Main Road Station in the Pine Barren region, col- 


lected by C. A. Gross, and, like many other plants from the same vicinity, 
obviously introduced. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 633 


TRIENTALIS L. 
Trientalis borealis Raf. Star Flower. 


Trientalis borealis Rafinesque, N. Y. Med. Repos. 354 [New England and 


Canada]. New name for “T. europea, American form” of Michaux [New 
England and Canada]. 


Trientalis americana Knieskern 21—Britton 165.—Keller and Brown 251. 

Generally distributed in woodland throughout the State, but 
apparently most plentiful in the northern counties and along the 
coast. 

Fl—Karly ‘May to early June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Pemberton (C), Moorestown (NB), 


Camden *(P), Gloucester (C), Woodbury, Mickleton, Clementon (KB), 
Quinton (C), Buckshutem. 

Pine Barrens.—Davenport, Toms River (NB), Ancora (KB), Vineland 
(C), Hammonton (C), Pleasant Mills, Mouth of Batsto, Mays Landing, 
Manumuskin (S$), Absecon (S). 

Coast Strip—Deal (KB), Ocean Grove (H), Bay Head, Pt. Pleasant, 
Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L), Cox’s, Manahawkin, West Creek, Atlantic 
City (P), Piermont (S$), Anglesea, Wildwood. 

Cape May.—South Dennis, Goshen (S), Bennett, Cold Spring. 


GLAUX L. 
Glaux maritima L. Sea Milkwort. 


Glaux maritima Linnus, Sp. Pl. 207. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 166. 


This plant was collected many years ago at Deal Beach by 
the late Aubrey H. Smith. Dr. Britton regarded it as “a fugitive 
fiom further north,” but as it has been found in abundance at 
Chestertown, Maryland, by Mr. E. G. Vanatta, there seems no 
reason why we should regard the plant as other than a native 
of our coast. There are specimens in the Philadelphia herbarium 
from Deal, but it has not been found elsewhere in the State. 


Coast Strip.—Deal—August—fresh flowers. 


Family PLUMBAGINACEA. Sea Lavender, etc. 
LIMONIUM Adanson. 


Limonium carolinianum (Walt.). Sea Lavender. 


Statice carolinianum Walter, Fl. Car. 118. 1788 [Carolina] —Pursh. Fi. 
Am. Sept. I. 212, 1814.—Willis 4o. 

Statice Limonium Knieskern 21.—Willis 40. 

Statice Limonium var. Carolinianum Britton 164. 

Limonium Carolinianum Keller and Brown 252. 


634 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent on the salt marshes of the coast and lower Delaware 
bay. 
Fl.—Late July into September. 


Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Shark River, Manasquan, Pt. Pleasant, Forked 
River, Barnegat Pier, Spray Beach (L), Barrel Island (L), Tuckerton, Ab- 
secon (Bassett), Atlantic City, Ocean City, Avalon, Stone Harbor (S), 
Anglesea, Wildwood, Cold Springs ($), Cape May. 


Order EBENALES. 


Family EBENACE. Ebony, Persimmon, etc. 
DIOSPYROS L. 


Diospyros virginiana L. Persimmon. 
Diospyros virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1057. 1753 [North America]_—Barton, 
FI. Phila. II. 198. 1818.—Knieskern 21.—Britton 166. 

Common in fields and thickets of the Middle and Coast dis- 
tricts south to Cape May; casual north of the fall line in the 
northern counties—Morris, Hunterdon, Somerset, Essex, Union, 
Hudson—but apparently absent from the Pine Barrens, except 
along the edges. 

The Persimmon is one of the typical Carolinian trees which 
give to the low woods of western New Jersey their austral tone. 
Its distribution is identical with that of the Opossum, which likes 
so well to feed upon the ripe fruit and, also, it has always seemed - 
to me, of the country darkey and his little cabin, the type of 
darkey whose name is so closely associated with both ’Possum 
and ’Simmons in the folk lore of the south. All three may be 
found in Chester and Delaware Counties in Pennsylvania, but 
no farther back than the true Carolinian fauna and flora extend. 

There is quite a difference in the fruit of different trees, some 
bearing decidedly ovoid fruit, while on others it is merely globu- 
lar. As the leaves fall in mid-October the Persimmons become 
quite conspicuous, hanging tightly on the branches, their bright, 
russet-red coats shining in the sun; but their proper flavor is not 
acquired and the astringency modified until they are touched by 
frost and their skin somewhat wrinkled and turned purple; and 
those that are picked up from among the frost-covered leaves 
in late November or December are perhaps the best of all. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 635 


Fl.—Mid-June to late June. Fr.—October and November, 
after frost. 


Middle District —Farmingdale, New Egypt, Camden, Gloucester (P), West- 
ville (P), Medford (S), Washington Park, Bridgeport, Swedesboro, York- 
town (8), Albion, Andrews, Williamstown Jnc. 

Coast Strip—Toms River (Mick.), Forked River, Holgate’s (L), Stafford- 
ville, Atlantic City (S$), Mays Landing (S), Ocean City (S), Piermont (S), 
Cold Spring (S), Cape May Ct. House. 

Cape May.—Bennett. 


Order GENTIANALES. 


Family OLEACEA. Olive, Ash, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers with slender, long lobed, white flowers, forming fringe-like pan- 
icles; leaves opposite entire, fruit a blue drupe. Chionanthus, p. 636 
aa. Flowers small, green, leaves pinnate, fruit a winged seed (samara). 
b. Lateral leaflets with short petioles. , 
c. Wing of fruit almost entirely terminal, not developed on the sides 
of the seed. Frasxinus americana, p. 635 
cc. Wing beginning at the base of the seed and continued along its 
sides, widening gradually. 
d. Branches, petioles and sometimes the under surface of the 
leaves pubescent. 
e. Samara narrowly spatulate, leaves thin serrate. 
. ; F. pennsylvanica, p. 635 
ee. Samara broadly spatulate, leaves thick entire. 
F. michauxi, p. 636 
dd. Branches, etc., glabrous, leaves bright green, both sides. 
F’ p. lanceolata, p. 636 
bb. Lateral leaflets sessile. F. nigra, p. 636 


FRAXINUS L. 
Fraxinus americana L. White Ash. 


Fraxinus americana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1057. 1753 [Carolina and Virginia].— 
Britton 167. 


Rich woods of the northern counties; rare southward within 
our limits and in the Middle district only. 
F].—Early May to mid-May. Fr—Early Autumn. 


Middle District—Arney’s Mt. (S), Camden (P), Mickleton (P), Atco 
(C), Yorktown (S). 


Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Red Ash. 


Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Arb. Am. 51. 1785 [probably Pennsyl- 
vania]. 
Fraxinus pubescens Britton 167. 


636 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common in low woods of the northern counties; much less 
common in the Middle district and rare in the Cape May penin- 
sula. 

Fl.—Early May to mid-May. Fr.—Early Autumn. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Birmingham, Delair, Oaklyn 


(S), Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Pennsgrove (C). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB), Court House. 


Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata (Borkh.). Green Ash. 


Fraxinus lanceolata Borkhausen, Handl. Forst. Bot. I. 826. 1800 [North 
America].—Keller and Brown 253. 
Fraxinus viridis Knieskern 25.—Britton 167. 
Distribution as in the preceding. 
Fl. and Fr—Similar to the last. 


Middle District—Monmouth and Ocean Co. (Knieskern), Center Square 
(H), Mullica Hill (H). 
Cape May.—Goshen (S). 


Fraxinus michauxi Britton. 
Fraxinus Michauwxi Britton Manual, 1085. 1907 [Bronx Park, N. Y. City]. 
Rare and found only in the Middle district. 
Fl, and Fr.—Probably as in F. pennsylvanica. 


Middle District—Swedesboro, Three miles northeast Mickleton. 


Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash. 


Fraxinus nigra Marshall, Arb. Am. 51. 1785 [probably Pennsylvania].— 

Keller and Brown 254. 

Fraxinus sambucifolia Willis 50.—Britton 167. 

Wet woods of the northern counties and reported from Free- 
hold (Willis in Britton’s Catalogue), while at Swedesboro a 
few trees of this species were discovered by Mr. Chas. D. 
Lippincott. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Swedesboro (CDL). 


CHIONANTHUS L, 
Chionanthus virginica L. Fringe Tree. 


Chionanthus virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 8. 1753 [North America].—Nutt. 
Gen. I. 5. 1818.—Willis 50—Britton 167—Keller and Brown 254. 
Chionanthus virginicus maritimus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 8 1814 [Sea 
coast and boggy woods, N. J —Carolina]. 
Found only in low woods along the lower part of the Maurice 


River and Cohansey Creek and up the tributaries of the former 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 637 


to Buena Vista. Nuttall’s reference to a thirty-foot tree at 
“Port Elizabeth [Z. Collins]” probably refers to the village of 
that name below Millville in Cumberland County and not to 
Elizabeth in Union County, as given in Britton’s Catalogue. 

It is stated by Willis to grow at Camden, according to Canby, 
but I suspect this may have been an escape. 

This is one of a group of species which push northward along 
the Susquehanna Valley and again along the lower Delaware, 
in each case following the arms of the Carolinian life zone, but 
checked in their eastern extension in New Jersey by the arid 
stretches of the Pine Barrens, which are quite unsuited to their 
needs. 

F].—Late May to early June. Fr.—Early autumn. 


Middle District—Above Swedesboro, Bridgeton (C), Port Elizabeth (C), 
Buckshutem, Below Millville, Buena Vista (T), Near Landisville (probably 
same location), Bradway (Bassett). 


Family GENTIANACE. Gentians, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves reduced to scales, plants 1-3 dm. high. 
b. Sepals 2, flowers purplish, 8-12 mm. long. Obolaria, p. 643 
bb. Sepals 4, flowers greenish yellow, 2mm. long. 
c. Lobes of the corolla blunt and usually denticulate, plant generally 
strict and erect. Bartonia virginica, p. 643 
cc. Lobes of the corolla acute and entire, plant generally flexuous and 
paniculately branched, but sometimes strict. B. paniculata, p. 642 
aa. Leaves normal, plants 3-10 dm. high. 
b. Corolla blue, flowers 3-5 cm. long. 
c. Margin of petals fringed. Gentiana crinita, p. 641 
cc. Petals not fringed. 
d. Leaves linear, mouth of corolla flaring open. 
G. porphyrio, p. 640 
dd. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, corolla constricted at the mouth, 
sometimes nearly closed. 5 
e. Corolla lobes distinct, equal to or exceeding the inter- 
vening plaits. G. saponaria, p. 642 
ee. No perceptible lobes between the plaits. 
B. andrewsii, p. 641 


*In Britton’s Manual Spigelia marylandica L, is given as ocurring in New 
Jersey, “according to Gray.” The new Gray’s Manual ignores this reference 
and restricts the plant to west of the Alleghenies, which, I have no doubt, 
is correct. If it ever did occur in New Jersey it must have been an intro- 
duction. 


638 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


bb. Corolla pink. 
c. Salverform 6-8 mm. broad. [Erythrea pulchella} 
cc. Rotate 15-40 mm. broad. 
d. Four to five parted. ; 
e. Branches opposite. Sabatia angularis, p. 638 
ee. Branches alternate. 
f. Calyx lobes shorter than the corolla. S. stellaris, p. 639 
ff. Calyx lobes equal to the corolla. S. gracilis, p. 639 
dd. Eight to twelve parted. S. dodecandra, p. 640 
bbb. Corolla white. 
c. Flowers oblong, funnel-form, striped within; in a sessile cluster. 
Gentiana villosa, p. 641 
cc. Flowers rotate in bracteolate cymes. 
d. Branches opposite. Sabatia lanceolata, p. 638 
dd. Branches alternate, white forms of. S. stellaris, p. 639 


SABATIA Adanson. 
Sabatia lanceolata (Walt.). Lance-leaved Centaury. 


Chironia lanceolata Walter, Fl. Car. 95. 1788 [Carolina]. 
Sabbatia lanceolata Knieskern 24.——Willis 49.—Britton 171—Keller and 
Brown 255. 

Common in bogs and swamps of the Pine Barrens and similar 
Situations at two or three stations in the Cape May peninsula. 

A conspicuous species in mid-summer. 

Fl._—Farly July to late August. 

Pine Barrens.—Cassville, Toms River, Hanover, Browns Mills, Pasadena, 
Double Trouble, Tuckerton, Speedwell (S), High Bridge (S), Bear Swamp 
(S), Ballingers Mill, Braddock’s Mill, Cedar Brook, Atsion, Hammonton 
(S), Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor, Hospitality Hades 


8th St. and 12th St., Mays Landing, Woodbine. 
Cape May.—Bennett (S). 


Sabatia angularis (L.). Square-stemmed Centaury. 
Pl. CVI., Fig. 1. 


Chironia angularis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 190. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Sabbatia angularis Barton Fl. Phila. 113. 1818—Willis 49.—Britton 171. 


Rather frequent in open ground of the northern counties and 
down the Coast strip to Cape May; also occasional in the Middle 
district. 

Fl.—Late July to late August. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), New Egypt, Burlington (C), Lindenwold, 
Sea Breeze (C). 

Coast Strip—Absecon (NB), Palermo (S), Wildwood, Wildwood Jnc., 
Rio Grande, Court House, Whitesboro (S), Cold Spring, Cape May, W. 
Cape May, Dias Creek. 


* Branching Centaury, introduced as a weed. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 639 
Sabatia stellaris Pursh. Sea Pink. 


Pl. CVI, Fig. 3. 


Sabbatia stellaris Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 137. 1814 [Salt marshes of New 
York, New Jersey, etc.]—Knieskern 25.—Willis 49—Britton 171—Keller 
and Brown 255. 

Abundant on the salt marshes of the coast and lower Delaware 
Bay and up the large tidewater streams. 

This is one of the most abundant and characteristic flowering . 
plants of the salt meadows, and its starry pink blooms with their 
yellow eye do much to produce that great profusion of color 
which marks the edge of the marshes toward the end of summer. 
Their stems and leaves are somewhat inconspicuous, and it some- 
times looks as if the pink stars might have been scattered broad- 
cast over the low coarse grass and rushes of the meadows. 
White flowered plants occur occasionally and starved dwarf in- 
dividuals are sometimes found. 

Fl.—Late July to early September. 

Maritime.—Long Branch, Pt. Pleasant, Barnegat Pier, Spray Beach (L), 
Sherburn’s (L), West Creek (S), Brigantine, Atlantic City, Crowleytown, 
‘Ocean City (S), Sea Isle City (S), Stone Harbor, Clermont, Wildwood, 


Anglesea, Bennett, Cape May, Green Creek, Dennisville, Beaver Dam. 
Introduced at Batsto and Main Road Sta. 


Sabatia gracilis (Michx.). Slender Sea Pink. 


Sabbatia gracilis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I: 146. 1803 [Lower Carolina]. 
Sabbatia gracilis Britton 171. 
Sabbatia campanulata Keller and Brown 255. 


Brackish or fresh marshes along the coast and on the Dela- 
ware River at Burlington; local and not always clearly distinct 
from the last. 

The record in Keller and Brown’s List for Atco has not been 
authenticated and seems unlikely. 

F].—Mid-July to mid-August. 

Middle District——Burlington. 
Coast Strip.—Ocean Grove, Spring Lake (NB), Pt. Pleasant, Ocean 


Beach (C), Sherburn’s (L), Court House (NB), Cold Spring (S), Cape 
May (S), W. Cape May. 


640 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Sabatia dodecandra (l.). Large Marsh Centaury. 
Pl. CVL, Fig. 2. 
Chironia dodecandra Linneus, Sp. Pl. 190. 1753 [Virginia]_—Britton 172— 

Keller and Brown 255. 

Sabbatia chloroides Knieskern 25.—Willis 49. 

Frequent on the brackish meadows from the Hackensack 
marshes south. In the Cape May peninsula it occurs also in 
fresh marshes over a mile from the coast. 

This larger species, with its more numerous petals, is not so 
plentiful as S. stellaris, but is locally abundant, notably near 
Absecon and at several points in Cape May County. 

Fl.—tLate July to late August. 


Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant, Forked River, Spray Beach (L), Manahawkin, 
Cox's, Mullica River, Absecon, Pleasant Mills, Mays Landing (NB), Pa- 
lermo, Clermont. 

Cape May.—Court House, Wildwood Jnc., FE. of Dias Creek (S), Dias. 
Creek. 


GENTIANA L. 
Gentiana porphyrio J. F. Gmel. Pine Barren Gentian. 


Pl. CIV. 
Gentiana Porphyrio J. F. Gmelin, Syst. II. 462. 1791 [Carolina]—Keller 

and Brown 257. 

Gentiana angustifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 186. 1814.—Knieskern 25.— 

Willis 49.—Britton 173. 

Damp sand of the Pine Barrens, frequent, and occasional in 
the southern part of the Cape May peninsula. 

It is probably a matter of individual preference to determine 
which gentian is the handsomest. ‘The present species, found 
only in the remote sections of the Pine Barrens, is certainly the 
least known and to my mind as shandsome as any. It flaring 
mouth, the delicate markings within, and the intensity of the 
blue, make it one of the choicest blooms of the region. 

It was apparently first discovered by William Bartram*, who 
sent a drawing of it to Edwards, the British naturalist, who pub- 
lished it in his Gleanings of Natural History, vol. V., p. 98, 1758, 
as the “Autumnal Perennial Gentian of the Desert,” but it was 


* (1739-1823) famous as a botanist and orinthologist, who resided at “Bar- 
tram’s Garden,” founded by his faather, John Bartram, also a botanist of note 
and correspondent of Linnzus. 


* 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 641 


not properly named until 1791, and then from the Pine Barrens 
of South Carolina. 
F].—Early September into October. 


Pine Barrens—Manahawkin, Cox’s, Cedar Grove (S), Cedar Bridge, 
Jones Mill (S$), Tuckerton, Chatsworth, Atco, Atsion, Hammonton (S), 
Batsto, Pleasant Mills (T), Quaker Bridge, Elwood, Egg Harbor City (P).* 

Cape May.—Bennett. 

Gentiana crinita Froel. Fringed Gentian. 


PI. CIII. 


Gentiana crinita Froelich, Gent. Diss. 112. 1796 [New York].—Willis 49— 
Britton 172.—Keller and Brown 256. 


Frequent in damp open ground in the northern counties, 
occasional in the upper Middle district, and at one station on the 
Coast Strip. 

The Fringed Gentian is a rarity within our limits, but at one 
station it grows in such wonderful abundance and luxuriance 
that one cannot imagine a spot more suited to its needs—an open 
bog where the Painted Cup, Tall Pedicularis and other more 
northern species are associated with it. The lateness of its 
flowering has apparently resulted in its escaping general atten- 
tion and extermination. On some plants I have counted no less 
than thirty blossoms. 

Fl.—Mid-September into October. 


Middle District—Lindenwold, Clementon. 
Coast Strip—Ocean View (S$). 


Gentiana villosa L.t Striped Gentian. 
Gentiana villosa Linnzus Sp. Pl. 228. 1753 [Virginia].—Britton 173.—Keller 
and Brown 256. 

A single specimen found near Bridgeton, Cumberland Co,. in 
1881, by Drs. N. L. Britton and J. B. Potter, is the only record 
for the State. This specimen is still preserved in the State 
herbarium at New Brunswick. 


Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian. 


PL. CV. 


Gentiana Andrewsii Grisebach in Hookers FI. Bor. Am. II. 55. 1834 [Can- 
ada].—Knieskern 25.—Willis 49.—Britton 172. 


* Mays Landing (KB) was an error for Egg Harbor City. 
+ Gentiana quinqueflora Lam. is stated by Prof. Willis to grow at Freehold 
(Cat. p. 49). We have no other evidence of its occurrence within our limits. 


4I MUS 


642 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Low ground; common in the northern counties, occasional in 
the Middle district and rare on the coast and Cape May 
peninsula. 

F].—Early September into October. 

Middle District—Keyport (C), Shark River (C), Pemberton (C), Kaighns 
Pt, Mickleton (H). 


Coast Strip—Absecon, Weeksville (C). 
Cape May—Cape May. 


Gentiana saponaria L. Soapwort Gentian. 


Gentiana saponaria Linneus, Sp. Pl. 228. 1753 [Virginia] —Barton Fl. Phila. 
134. 1818—Knieskern 25.—Britton 172—Keller and Brown 256. 


Frequent in low ground in the Middle district and rare along 
the Coast Strip to Cape May. Occasionally ranging above the 
fall line in the northern counties. 


Fl.—Early September into October. 

Middle District—Shark River (C), Swimming River (NB), New Egypt, 
Burlington, Moorestown (KB), Medford (S), Orchard (S), Lindenwold, 
Woodbury, So, Westville, Clementon, Berlin. 

Coast Strip—Absecon, Pleasant Mills, Mays Landing (Leeds), Cold Spring 
(OHB). 


BARTONIA Muhlenberg. 
Bartonia paniculata (Michx.). Twining Bartonia. 


Centaurella paniculata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 98. 1803 [Carolina]. 
Andrewsia paniculata Barton, Fl. Phila. 89. 1818. (Partly the next.) 


Low damp ground; frequent in the Pine Barrens, Cape May 
and Coast districts, apparently rare and local in the Middle 
district. 

These curious little plants, practically devoid of leaves, are 
more common than generally supposed, but frequently escape 
attention, buried as they are among the taller vegetation. They 
are named in honor of Prof. Benjamin Smith Barton (1766- 
1815), professor of botany in the University of Pennsylvania 
and author of a general work on botany and the interesting 
“Fragments of Natural History” in which the blooming of plants, 
arrival of birds, etc., are arranged in chronological tables. 

Fl—tLate August to late September. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 643 


Middle District—Kaighns Swamp, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Waretown, Manahawkin, Coxe’s, Chats- 
worth, Hammonton, Pleasant Mills, Petersburg (S). 

Coast Strip.—Barnegat City (L). 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Green Creek (S). 


Bartonia virginica (L.). Upright Bartonia. 
Pl. CVIL, Fig. 2. 


Sagina virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 128. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Bartonia virginica Britton 173.—Keller and Brown 257. 
Bartonia tenella Knieskern 25. 


Low damp ground; frequent throughout our -Tegion and ap- 
parently also in the northern counties. 
Fl,—Mid-July to late August. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Florence, Delanco, Kaighns 
Pt., Medford (S), Tomlin (S), Taunton (S), Lindenwold, Mickleton, Pauls- 
boro, Fairton (S), Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Whitings, Jones’ Mills (S), Bear Swamp, Braddock’s Mill, 
Speedwell (S), Clementon, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City (S), Woodbine, 
Tuckahoe (S). 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Asbury Park, Seaside Park, Spray Beach (L), 
Peahala (L), Sherburn’s (L), Manahawkin, West Creek (S), Palermo. 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Wildwood Jnc. (S), Whitesboro, Green 
Creek (S), Cape May (S). 

OBOLARIA L. 
Obolaria virginica L. Pennywort. 


Obolaria Virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 632. 1753 [Virginia] Britton 173.— 

Keller and Brown 257. 

Rich woodland of the northern and Middle districts, rare 
especially within our limits, where it is know from but four 
stations. 

Fi.—Late April to late May. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Haddonfield (C), Swedesboro, Salem (C). 


Family MENYANTTHACE. Buckbeans, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Bog plant, leaves 3-foliate, long petioled; flowers white in an erect 
raceme. Menyanthes, p. 644 
aa. Aquatic plants. Leaves oval, heart-shaped, floating on the surface of the 
water with an umbel of white flowers attached just beneath and coming 

up to the surface when in bloom. 
b. Flowering leaves 20-50 mm. long. Limnanthemum lacunosum, p. 644 
bb. Flowering leaves 50-150 mm. long. L. aquaticum, p. 645 


644 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


MENYANTHES L. 
Menyanthes trifoliata L. Buckbean. 


Menyanthes trifoliata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 145. 1753 [Europe].—Barton, FI. 
Phila. 104 and app. 215. 1818—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 139.—Britton 173. 
—Keller and Brown 257.—Stone, Bartonia I, 20. 19009. 

Swamps and bogs at a number of localities in the northern 
counties and at three isolated stations within our limits, one at 
Repaupo, Gloucester Co., discovered by Mr. Benj. Heritage, May 
13, 1893; one at Cold Spring, Cape May Co., discovered July 15, 
1906, by Messrs. C. S. Williamson, S. S. Van Pelt and the writer, 
and the last at West Cape May, discovered by Mr. O. H. Brown. 
The last is the most southern known locality for the species in 
America, with the exception of one station in the mountains of 
West Virginia.* Barton mentions a station, long since destroyed, 
in a bog half a mile southeast of Kaighn’s Point, where it was 
abundant. 

Fl.—tlLate April to late May. 


Middle District—Kaighn’s Pt. (Barton), Repaupo. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, W. Cape May. 


LIMNANTHEMUM S. G. Gmelin. 
Limnanthemum lacunosum (Vent.). Floating Heart, + 


Villarsia lacunosum Ventenat, Choix des Plantes 9. 1803 [Carolina].— 
Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 139. 1814. ; 
Limnanthemum lacunosum Knieskern 25.—Britton 174.—Keller and Browf 


257, 

In ponds of the Pine Barrens, Coast strip and Middle district, 
but much less frequent in the last. There is but one record in the 
State north of our limits, namely at Princeton Junction. 

A colony of this plant, which I found in 1910 at Centerton, 
was particularly attractive. Hundreds of the little heart-shaped 
leaves were floating on the surface of a pond interspersed every- 
where with the delicate little white starry flowers, appearing in 


* Cf Sheldon, Rhodora 1910, p. 11. 

{The nomenclature of these plants seems to require investigation by an 
expert. The generic name Nymphoides adopted in the new Gray’s Manual 
is simply referred to in synonymy by Ventenat (Choix des Plantes 9. 1803), 
and his species name Jacunosa is a new name for aquatica Walter proposed 
because- aquatica was meaningless in a genus of exclusively aquatic plants. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 645 


some respects like miniatures of the white water lilies which 
occurred side by side with them. 
Fl.—Early July to late August. 


Middle District—Delanco, Center Square (H), Woods Mill (KB), Swedes- 
boro, Palatine, Centerton (S). 

Pine Barrens—Pasadena, Webb's “Bridge, Ocean Co. (P), 2 miles north 
Speedwell (S), Vineland (KB), Franklinville, Malaga (S), Winslow, Ham- 
monton, Atsion (NB), Quaker Bridge (Bassett), Egg Harbor City, Hospi- 
tality Br., Eighth St. (T), Mays Landing (H). 

Coast Strip.—Deal, Squan, Spring Lake, Pt. Pleasant (KB), Manahawkin. 


Limnanthemum aquaticum (Walt.). Large Floating Heart. 
Anonymos aquatica Walter, Fl. Car. 109. 1788 [Carolina] —Britton 174. 


The only New Jersey station is a pond near Bridgeton, in 
Cumberland Co., N. J., where it was discovered by the late Prof. 
A. C. Apgar, August 5, 1886. 

F].—During July and August, probably. 


Middle District—Bridgeton (NB). 


Family APOCYNACE. Dog Banes. 
APOCYNUM L, 


Key to the Species. 


a. Corolla 5-9 mm. long, its lobes spreading or recurved, white or tinged 
with pink. : 
b. Corolla 8 mm. long, inflorescence partly axillary. 
: A. androsemifolium, p. 645 
bb. Corolla 6 mm. long, inflorescence strictly terminal. A. medium, p. 646 
aa. Corolla 3-4.5 mm. long, its lobes erect, greenish white. 
b. Branches of inflorescence and upper side of leaves glabrous. 
A. cannabinum, p. 646 


bb. Branches of inflorescence and upper side of leaves pubescent. 
A. c. pubescens, p. 646 


Apocynum androszemifolium L. Dogbane. 
Apocynum androsemifolium Linneus, Sp. Pl 213. 1753 [Virginia and 
Canada]—Knieskern 25.—Britton 168. 
Frequent in the northern counties and southward mainly in the 
Middle district, elsewhere apparently introduced. 
Fl_—Mid-June to late July or into August. 


Middle District —Shark River, New Egypt, Mickleton, Sicklerville, Swedes- 


boro. 
Pine Barrens.—Ballenger’s Mill, Berlin (S), Atsion (S), Forked River, 


Chatsworth. 


646 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Apocynum medium Greene. Small-flowered Dogbane. 
Apocynum medium Greene, Pittonia III. 229. 1897 [Brookland, D. C.]. 


Tolerably common in the Pine Barrens and probably elsewhere 
in cultivated ground or on roadsides; very variable and includ- 
ing A. milleri Britton and A. urceolifer G. S. Miller. 

The Speedwell specimen has the leaves pubescent on both 
sides, the others only below. 

Fl.—Early June to early August, occasionally later. 


Pine Barrens —Toms River, Chatsworth, Harris, Speedwell. 


Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian Hemp. 


Apocynum cannabinum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 213. 1753 [Canada and Virginia] — 
Knieskern 25.—Britton 168. 

Apparently frequent throughout the State in one form or 
another, usually appearing as a weed within our limits, but. 
perhaps still in its native habitat along the Coast Strip. 

In all the specimens here listed the inflorescence is glabrous; 
some have the leaves all tomentous below, others have most of 
them entirely glabrous. 

Fl.—Early June to late August, occasionally later. 

Middle District—Medford (S), New Egypt, Westville, Swedesboro, Mickle- 


ton, Landisville. 
Coast Strip.—Surf City (L), Atlantic City, Wildwood. 


Apocynum cannabinum pubescens R. Br. Pubescent Indian Hemp. 

Apocynum pubescens R. Brown, Mem. Wern. Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 68. 1811 
[Virginia]. 

Occasional in the Pine Barrens and probably elsewhere. A 
form with velvety pubescence on the inflorescence and both sides 
of the leaves. 

Fl.—As in the preceding. 


Pine Barrens.—Winslow Jnc., Landisville, Egg Harbor City. 


Family ASCLEPIADACEA®. Milkweeds. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Corolla crown of five hooded, fleshy bodies, with an incurved horn rising 
from the cavity of each hood. 
b. Leaves hirsute pubescent, mainly alternate, corolla and hood both 
orange. Asclepias tuberosa, p. 647 
bb. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, verticillate. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 647 


c. Leaves narrowly linear, 3-7 in a whorl; corolla greenish-white, 


hood white. A. verticillata, p. 651 
ce. Leaves ovate or lanceolate 3-4 in a whorl, corolla pink, hood 
white. A. quadrifolia, p. 650 


bbb. Leaves glabrous or in some species downy-pubescent, opposite. 
c. Corolla bright red, hood orange, leaves linear lanceolate. 
: A, lanceolata, p. 650 
cc. Corolla and hood various shades of pink or purple. 
d. Plant essentially glabrous. 
e. Leaves oblong, clasping at the base, margins wavy. 


A. amplesicaulis, p. 648 
ee. Leaves not wavy margined. . 
f. Leaves lanceolate, acute or acuminate. A. rubra, p. 648 
ff. Leaves oblong rounded at the end. 
A. purpurascens, p. 648 
dd. Plants pubescent, especially on the under side of the leaves. 
e. Leaves I0O—12 x 3—3.5 mm., often lanceolate. 
A. pulchra, p. 649 
ee. Leaves 12—15 x5—7 mm., oblong. 
f. Flowers entirely purple. A. purpurascens, p. 048 
ff. Flowers more or less greenish. A. syriaca, p. 651 
ccc. Corolla white or green, hood white or pinkish. 
d. Corolla green, plant 10-20 dm. high. A. exaltata, p. 650 
dd. Corolla white, plant 3-9 dm. high. A, variegata, p. 649 
aa. Corolla crown, without incurved horns, flowers entirely green. 
Acerates viridiflora, p. 651. 


ASCLEPIAS L. 
Asclepias tuberosa L. Butterfly Weed. 
Pl. CVIII, Fig. 2. 


Asclepias tuberosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 217. 1753 [North America]—Knies- 
kern 25.—Britton 170.—Keller and Brown 2509. 
Asclepias decumbens Keller and Brown 260. 


Open sandy ground; common throughout the State, except in 
the Pine Barrens, where it has apparently been introduced, and 
is only common locally in cultivated ground. 

Fl.—Late June to early August, sporadically somewhat later. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Haddonfield (S), Medford 
(S), Washington Pk., Tomlin (S), Mickleton, Clementon, Sicklerville, Beaver 
Dam. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville, Vineland (S), Egg Harbor City, Folsom, Man- 
umuskin (S$), Woodbine (S). 

Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant, Manahawkin, St. Albans (L), West Creek (S), 
Tuckerton, Atlantic City, Pleasantville, Mays Landing (S), Sea Isle Jnc. (S). 

Cape May.—Cape May (UP). 


648 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Asclepias purpurascens L. Purple Milkweed. 


Asclepias purpurascens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 214. 1753 [Carolina].—Britton 169. 


Frequent in dry ground of the northern counties and rather 
rare southward, occurring in the Middle district only. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Crosswicks, Camden (C), Rid- 
dleton, Elsinboro, Clarksboro (UP). 

Specimens are also preserved in several herbaria from Landis- 
ville (C. A. Gross). There seems to be an intrusion of Middle 
district plants up the tributaries of the Maurice River which may 
account for this record., 


Asclepias rubra L. Red Milkweed. 


Asclepias rubra Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 217. 1753 [Virginia] —Willis 50—Britton 
170.—Keller and Brown 260. 

Asclepias acuminata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 182. 1814 [Cedar Swamps, N. 
J., &c.]. 

Asclepias periplocaefolia Nuttall, Gen. I. 167. 1818 [N. J. to Fla.]. 


Frequent in bogs of the Pine Barrens and rare or occasional 
in similar situations in the Middle and Cape May districts. 

This is the typical Milkweed of the Pine Barrens and finds 
here the northern limit of its distribution. 

Fl.—Late June to late July, sporadically into August. 


Middle District—Burlington, Pemberton (C), Griffith’s Swamp, Linden- 
wold, Mickleton. 


Pine Barrens——Ocean Grove (P), Toms River (McKenzie), Pt. Pleasant 
(S), Bamber, Waretown (C), Barnegat (NB), Manahawkin, Coxe’s, Tuck- 
erton, Speedwell (S), High Bridge (S), Chatsworth, White Horse (S), 
Landisville, Hammonton, Atsion (S), Quaker Bridge (NB), Batsto, Pleas- 
ant Mills (P), Egg Harbor City (UP), Hospitality Br. 8th St. (T). 

Cape May.—Goshen, Cold Spring (S), Cape May (P). 


Asclepias amplexicaulis Michx. Blunt-leaved Milkweed. 


Asclepias amplexicaulis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 115. 1803 [Savannah, ; 
Ga.J].— Keller and Brown 260. 
Asclepias obtusifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 182, 1814.—Barton, Fl. Phila. 
133. 1818.—Knieskern 25.—Britton 170. 
Common in woods and open ground throughout the coastal 
plain with the exception of the Cape May peninsula; also at 
a number of localities above the fall line in the northern counties 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 649 


Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July, sporadically into August. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Burlington, Riverside, Pen-~ 
sauken, Locust Grove (S), Gloucester, Lawnside (S), Bridgeport, Tomlin 
(S), Williamstown, Sicklerville, Yorktown, Husted (S), Elmer (P), Frank- 
linville (P). 

Pine Barrens.—Whitings, Forked River, W. Plains (S), Albion, Williams- 
town Jnc., Cedar Brook, Landisville, Inskip, Winslow Jnc., Hammonton (Bas- 
sett), Atsion, Atco (UP), Mouth of Batsto, Egg Harbor City, Belleplain ($). 

Coast Strip—Belmar (UP), Surf City (L), Mays Landing (UP), Cape 
May (UP). 


Asclepias pulchra Ehrh. Hairy Milkweed. 
Pl. CIX., Fig. 1. 


Asclepias pulchra Ehrhart, in Willdenow Sp. Pl. I. 1267. 1798 [North 

America]. } 

Asclepias incarnata var. pulchra Britton 170. | 
Asclepias incarnata Knieskern 25. 

Moist open ground; common throughout the Middle, Coast 
and Cape May districts, and ranging over much of the Northern 
district, but replaced in the mountains by A. incarnata. Not 
found in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Early July to mid-August. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Camden (P), Medford (S), Pemberton Jnc. 
(S), Tomlin, Albion, Swedesboro, Salem (S). 

Coast Strip—Long Branch (UP), Seaside Park (UP), Surf City (1), 
Beach Haven (L), Spray Beach (L), Absecon, Atlantic City (8), Mays 
Landing, Ocean City (S), Tuckahoe (T), Piermont (S), Five-Mile Beach, 
Cape May (S). 


Asclepias variegata L. White Milkweed. 


Asclepias variegata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 215. 1753 [North America].—Barton, 
Fl. Phila. 133. 1818.—Britton 169.—Keller and Brown 260. 


Sandy woodlands; locally distributed through the Middle and 
Cape May districts, rarely occurring above the fall line in the 
northern counties. 

Fl.—Early June to early July. 

Middle District—Smithville (C), Burlington, Birmingham (C), Moores 
town (C), Camden (P), Locust Grove (S), Medford, Washington Park, 
Mickleton, Sicklerville, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens (?)—Vineland (C), Hammonton (C). 


Coast Strip.—Palermo. 
Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (S). 


650 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Asclepias exaltata (L.). Tal! Milkweed. 
Asclepias Syriaca var. exaltata Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 313. 1762 [Virginia]. 
Asclepias exaltata Britton 169.—Keller and Brown 260. 

Edges of woods and thickets; rather frequent in the northern 
counties, but only known within our limits from the record in 
Britton’s Catalogue: “Roadside near Moorestown—Miss Anna 
M. Kaighn,” and the statement of Mr. C. S. Williamson that 
he once observed it at Mt. Holly. No specimens are preserved. 
The record for “Egg Harbor [City]—Leeds” in Brown and 
Keller’s List is A. rubra. 


Asclepias quadrifolia Jacg. Four-leaved Milkweed. 
Asclepias quadrifolia Jacquin, Obs. Part 2, 8 pl. 33. 1767 [Virginia]. —Brit- 
ton 170. 
Frequent in dry woods of the northern counties; rare within 
our limits and confined to the Middle district. 
Fl.—Late May to late June. 


Middle District—Little Timber Creek (C), Atco, Swedesboro. 


Asclepias lanceolata Walt. Smooth Orange Milkweed. 
Pl. CIX, Fig. 2. 
Asclepias lanceolata Walter, Fl. Car. 105. 1788 [Carolina].—Britton 170.— 
Keller and Brown 260. 
Asclepias paupercula Knieskern 25.—Willis 50. 

Found only along the Coast strip, where the salt meadows 
join the mainland; somewhat locally distributed and not detected, 
north of Pt. Pleasant, which is, therefore, the most northern 
station for the species, as it does not range north of New Jersey. 

This is one of the finest of our milkweeds. Its flowers are 
larger than those of any other species and the brilliant red and 
orange coloring makes it especially conspicuous among the many 
showy flowers of the marsh edge. Its slender, glabrous foliage, 
too, gives it a delicacy that is missing in the coarse-leaved species. 
Though said in the books to be a plant of “wet pine barrens,” 
it is, so far as New Jersey is concerned, strictly confined to the 
edge of the salt marshes, where they join the upland. 

Fl.—Late June to late July. 


Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Forked River (KB), Manahawkin, West Creek, 
C. M. Court House, Opp. Anglesea (C), Bennett, Cold Spring, Cape May. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 651 


Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed. 
Asclepias syriaca Linneus, Sp. Pl. 214. 1753 [Virginia].—Britton 169. 
Asclepias cornuts Knieskern 25. 

Generally distributed in rich open ground, except in the Pine 
Barrens, where it is strictly confined to cultivated and waste 
ground and is obviously introduced. Everywhere, however, it is 
largely a weed, and it is impossible at this time to ascertain just 
what its native habitat may have been. 

Fl.—Mid-June to late July. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Burlington, Locust Grove (S), Medford 
ae Barrens—Mays Landing. 


Coast Strip—St. Albans (L), Barnegat City (L). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


Asclepias verticillata L. Whorled Milkweed. 


Asclepias verticillata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 217. 1753 [Virginia]—Pursh, Fl. Am. 
Sept. I. 183.—Barton, Fl. Phila. 133. 1818—Britton 170—Keller and 


Brown 261. 

In sandy or rocky places; locally throughout the State. Most 
frequent within our limits in the Middle district, but nowhere 
common. Barton knew it only from a bog a quarter of a mile 
north of Kaighns Point. In Pennsylvania it is a characteristic 
plant of the serpentine barrens of Chester and Delaware Counties. 

Fl.—Early July to mid-August. 

Middle District—Holmdel (C), Red Bank (NB), Leedsville (C), Freehold 
(C), Birmingham (C), Kaighns Pt. Medford, Clarksboro (P), Mickleton, 
Berlin, Glassboro, Swedesboro, Oliphant’s Mill (KB), Bridgeton, Millville 
(KB). : 

Pine Barrens—Newtonville, Tuckahoe (S). 

Cape May—One mile east Dias Creek. 


ACERATES Elliott. 


Acerates viridiflora (Raf.). Green Milkweed. 


Asclepias viridifora Rafinesque,, Med. Rep. (II.) 5. 360. 1808 [Maryland and 
Pennsylvania]. 
Acerates viridiflora Willis 50.—Keller and Brown 261. 


Open sandy ground or limestone cliffs; locally distributed in 
the northern counties. Known within our limits only form 
Black’s Mills, Monmouth County, where it was obtained by the 
Rev. Samuel Lockwood, according to Britton’s Catalogue. It 


652 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


has been introduced as a weed at Cold Spring, Cape May County 
(O. H. Brown). 

Av characteristic plant of the serpentine outcrops of south- 
eastern Pennsylvania and perhaps not native anywhere in south- 
ern New Jersey. 

Fl.—Late June to mid-August, and sporadically into Septem- 
ber. 


Order POLEMONIALES. 


Family CONVOLVULACE. Morning Glories. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Style two cleft, flowers white. Breweria, p. 652 
aa, Style entire, up to the stigma. 
b. Stigmas two, filiform to oblong. ; 
c. Calyx with two large bracts at the base, which enclose it. 
d. Plant trailing. 
e. Glabrous, leaves hastate, flowers pink with white stripes 
or white, Convovulus sepium, p. 653 
ee. Pubescent, leaves cordate, flowers white. C. repens, p. 654 
dd. Plant upright, flowers white. C. spithameus, p. 653 
cc. Calyx without bracts, flowers pink or white. [C. arvensis]* 
bb. Stigmas one or two, capitate or globose. 
c. Flowers white, sometimes with striped throat, leaves cordate or 
often contracted in the middle. 


d. Corolla 50-80 mm. long. Ipomea pandurata, p. 653 

dd. Corolla 8-20 mm. long. I. lacunosa, p. 653 
cc. Flowers normally blue, sometimes pink, white or variegated. 

d. Leaves entire, cordate. [I. purpureayy 

dd. Leaves deeply three-lobed. [I. hederacea]t 


BREWERIA R. Browne. 
Breweria pickeringii (M. A. Curtis). Pickering’s Morning Glory. 


Convoluulus Pickeringii M. A. Curtis, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. I. 130. 1837 
[Wilmington, N. C.]. 
Bonamia Pickeringii Willis 48. 
Breweria Pickeringii Britton 180.—Keller and Brown 263. 
Confined to dry sandy banks in the Pine Barrens, where it 
is known from probably not more than three or four stations. 
Certain it is that two, and probably three, of those given in 


* Small Bindweed. A weed in fields and waste ground. 
+ Morning Glory. Escaped in waste ground, fields, etc. 
fIvy-leaved Morning Glory. Often escaped, less frequent than the last. 


y 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 653 


Britton’s Catalogue refer to the same colony of plants. Named 
for Charles Pickering (1805-1878), a prominent Philadelphia 
naturalist, member of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, and 
prominent in local botanical work.* 

F],—Mid-July to late August. 

Pine Barrens.—Pleasant Mills, Batsto, between Atsion and Quaker Bridge, 
Little Egg Harbor R. (C), three miles above Atsion (Williamson), Chats- 
worth (H). 

IPOMCEA L.+ 
Ipomoea pandurata (L.). Wild Potato. 


Convolvulus panduratus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 153. 1753 [Virginia] Barton FI. 
Phila. I. 107. 1818. 
Ipomea pandurata Knieskern 24.—Willis 48—Britton 179. 
Open sandy ground or thickets in nearly all parts of the State, 
except the Pine Barrens, but nowhere very common. 


Fl.—Early July into October. 


Middle .District—New Egypt, Florence Heights, Kaighns Pt., Lawnside 
(S$). 


Pine Barrens—Newtonville. 
Cape May.—1 mile east Dias Creek (S), Cape May. 


CONVOLVULUS L. 
Convolvulus spithamzeus L. Upright Morning Glory. 


Convoluulus spithameus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 150. 1753 [Virginia] Britton 
180,—Keller and Brown 264. 

Calystegia spithamea Willis 48. 

Convolvulus stans Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 158. 1818. 


Sandy ground in the Northern and Middle districts; local, and 
at some stations certainly a weed. 
F].—Late ‘May to late June. 


Middle District—Long Branch, Camden (S), Collingswood (S), Rid- 
dicton. 


Convolvulus sepium L. Hedge Morning Glory or Bindweed. 


Convolvulus sepium Linneus, Sp. Pl. 153. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 179. 
Calystegia sepium Knieskern 24. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Delair, Washington Park, Mickleton, Salem 
(S), Beaver Dam. 


*Cf. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. XTIL, 414. - 
+ Ipomea lacunosa is entirely an introduced species within our limits. 


654 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent in moist soil; Northern, Middle and Coast districts 
south to Cape May; most common along streams and on the 
juncture of the salt marshes and sand dunes along the coast. 

F]._—Early June to late August, sporadically into September. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Delair, Washington Park, Mickleton, 
Salem (S), Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens —tLandisville (T). 

Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L), St. Albans (L), Spray Beach (L), Surf 
City (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City, Piermont (S), Wildwood (UP), 
Cold Spring (S), Cape May (S), Cape May Pt. (S). 


Convolvulus sepium repens L. 


Convolvulus repens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 158. 1753 [America, on the coast]. 


Tolerably common along the Coast strip. 
Fl.—Probably as in the last. 


Coast Strip.—Long Branch, Barnegat City (L), Spray Beach (L), Surf 
City (L), Beach Haven (L,), Stone Harbor, Wildwood, Cape May (OHB). 


Family CUSCUTACE. Dodders. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Stigmas elongated; capsule circumscissile. [Cuscuta epithymum]* 
aa, Stigmas capitate; capsule indehiscent. 
b. Sepals united. 
c. Capsule depressed, globose. 
d. Flowers in globular clusters, corolla persistent at the base 
of the capsule. C. arvensis, p. 655 
dd. Flowers in panicled, often densely compound cymes, corolla 
withering on the summit of the large capsule. 
C. cephalanthi, p. 655 
cc. Capsule pointed, capped by the persistent corolla, flowers in loose 


panicled cymes. C. gronovii, p. 655 
bb. Sepals distinct, five, capsule capped by the persistent corolla, flowers 
in sessile, densely-compact clusters. C. compacta, p. 655 


These curious parasites are quite conspicuous, especially in the 
swamps of the Middle district, where their bright orange, naked 
stems may be seen trailing about over the shrubs and tall herbs, 
attaching themselves to the stems and branches. The group has 
received but little critical study in our region and further col- 
lections may alter our ideas upon the relative abundance and 
distribution of the several species. (Cf. Matthew Bull. Torr. 
Bot. Club XX. 310.) 


* Clover Dodder. Introduced on clover. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 655 


CUSCUTA L. 
Cuscuta gronovii Willd. Dodder. 


Cuscuta Gronovii Willdenow, in Roemer and Schultes Syst. 6:205. 1820 
[Virginia]—Britton 180. 
Cuscuta glomerata Knieskern 24. 
Moist ground; frequent in the Northern and Coast districts, 
less common elsewhere; not known in the Pine Barrens. 
Fl.—Early August through September. Fr—Early Septem- 
ber into autumn. 
Middle District—Medford (S). 
Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Surf City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (I.), Beach 


Haven (L,), Sherburn’s (L), Ocean City (S). 
Cape May.—1 mile east Dias Creek (S). 


Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich. Field Dodder. 


Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich in A. Gray, Manual, Ed. 2. 236. 1856 [N. W. 
America].—Willis 48.—Britton 180.—Keller and Brown 264. 


Locally common in the northern counties; reported within 
our limits from the Middle and Cape May districts; rare. 

Fl.—Mid-July into September. Fr.—Mid-August into 
autumn. 


Middle District—Shark River (C), Delanco (S$), Salem (C).* 

Pine Barrens—Hammonton (C), Egg Harbor (CDL), Parkdale (S), 
Quaker Bridge (S). 

Cape May.—Cape May (P). 


Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. Button-bush Dodder. 


Cuscuta Cephalanti Engelman, Am. Jour. Sci. 43:336 pl. 6, fig. 1-6. 1842 
[St. Louis, Mo.]—Britton 180.—Keller and Brown 265. 


Reported only from the Pine Barrens. 
Quaker Bridge (NJ), Toms River (C), Swedesboro (KB). 


Cuscuta compacta Juss. Compact Dodder. 


Cuscuta compacta Jussieu, in Choisy, Mem. Soc. Gen. IX. 281 t, 4, fi. 2. 
1842 [North America].—Britton 181—Keller and Brown 265. 


Frequent in the Middle and Pine Barren districts. 
Fl.—Early August through September. Fr—Early Septem- 
ber into autumn. 


* Swedesboro (KB) was an error for Egg Harbor City. 


656 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Pemberton (KB), Camden, Laurel Springs (KB), 
Westville (KB), Delanco (S), Medford (S), Swedesboro (CDL), Woods- 
town (KB). 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (P), Whitings (S), Barnegat, New Ger- 
many (KB), Hammonton (KB), Weymouth, Egg Harbor City (NB), Mays 
Landing (KB), Tuckahoe (S). 


Family POLEMONIACE. Phloxes. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Corolla salver-form, leaves opposite, entire, flowers pink. 
b. Leaves subulate, stems creeping. Phlox subulata, p. 657 
bb. Leaves flat. 
c. Stems glabrous or nearly so, spotted with purple. 
P. maculata, p. 656 


cc. Stems soft, downy. P. pilosa, p. 656 

aa, Corolla tubular, bright scarlet. [Gilia rubra L.]* 
aaa. Corolla open, bell-shaped, blue; leaves pinnate. 

Polemonium reptans, p. 657 


PHLOX L. 
Phlox maculata L. Spotted-stemmed Phlox. 
Pl. LIV, Fig. 1. 
Phlox maculata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 152. 1753 [Virginia].—Barton, FJ. Phila. I. 
to7. 1818.—Britton 174. 

Moist open ground; frequent or occasional in the Middle and 
Cape May districts and up the Delaware to Hunterdon County. 

Fl.—Mid-May to late June. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Bordentown (C), Burlington, Birminghain 
(C), Vincentown (C), Griffith’s Swamp, Lindenwold, Medford (S), Mickle- 
ton, Sewell (S), Swedesboro, Salem (C). , 

Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May (P). 


Phlox pilosa L. Downy Phlox. 


Phlox pilosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 152. 1733 [Virginia]—Knieskern 24.— 
Willis 47—Britton 174—Keller and Brown 266. 


Open sandy ground; mainly in the northern counties and at 
several stations in the Middle district; always local. 

Middle District—Burlington, Moorestown (C), Woodbury (C), “Ocean 
Co.” (Kn). 


* Scarlet Gilia, escaped from cultivation about Manumuskin, its gorgeous 
scarlet spikes standing out brilliantly against the green of the pines. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 657. 


Phlox subulata L. Moss Pink. 


Phlox subulata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 152. 1753 [Virginia]—Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. 
I. sr. 1814.—Barton Fl. Phila. I. 108, 1818—Britton 175.—Keller 
and Brown 200. 


Rocky and sandy exposed banks; at a number of stations in the 
Northern and upper Middle districts. 

This and Viola pedata lineariloba make a brilliant show be- 
tween Moorestown and New Lisbon along the railroad banks in 
alternating beds of pink and blue. 

Fl.—Mid-April to late May and often again in autumn. 


Middle District—Red Bank (C), Ewansville (NB), Birmingham (C), 
Moorestown (NB), Merchantville (KB), Vincentown (C), Camden, Cinna- 
minson (KB), Mickleton, Blackwood (KB), Almonesson (KB), Swedes- 
boro. 


POLEMONIUM L. 


Polemonium reptans L. Jacob’s Ladder. 


‘Polemonium reptans Linnzus, Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 925. 1789 [based on Miller 
Gard. Dict., pl. 209, from N. A.].—Britton 175.—Keller and Brown 266. 


Rich woods; very rare; known from one station in Warren 
County and several in the western part of the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early May to early June. 


Middle District—Bordentown (NB), Bet. Haddonfield and Camden (C), 
Three m. west Woodstown. 
Family HYDROPHYLLACE#. Water-leaf. 
HYDROPHYLLUM L. 


Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Virginia Water-leaf. 


Hydrophyllum virginianum Linneus, Sp. Pl, 146. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Hydrophyllum virginicum Britton 175. 


Rich woods; frequent in the northern counties, but rare within 
our limits and confined to the upper Middle district. 
F].—Early May to early June. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), New Egypt. 


42 MUS 


658 REPORT: OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Family BORAGINACE/. Forget-me-not, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Nutlets armed with prickles. 
b. Flowers and nutlets 8-10 mm. broad. 
c. Flowers reddish purple, nutlets flat, stem leafy to top. 
[Cynoglossum officinale]* 
bb. Flowers 2 mm. broad white, nutlets 4 mm. broad. Lappula, p. 658 
aa. Nutlets unarmed. 
b. Flowers regular. 
c. Corolla funnel-shaped, blue, 20 mm. long, whole plant glabrous. 
Mertensia, p. 658 
cc. Corolla much less than 20 mm. long, plant bristly hairy or rough- 
ened (or nearly glabrous in Myosotis lara). 
d. Racemes leafy. 
é. Plant minutely roughened. [Lithospermum arvense]t 
ee. Plant harsh with appressed bristles. 
Onosmodium virginianum, p. 659 
dd. Racemes naked or leafy at the base. 
e. Appressed pubescent, flowers blue. Myosotis laxa, p. 659 
ee. Bristly hirsute, flowers white. M. virginica, p. 659 
bb. Flowers irregular, blue, plants very rough bristly. [Echium vulgare]t 


LAPPULA Moench. 
Lappula virginiana (L.). Virginia Stickseed. 


Myosotis virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 131. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Echinospermum virginianum Britton 177. 
Lappula virginiana Keller and Brown 268. 
Frequent in woods and thickets of the northern counties; not 
common within our limits and confined to the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early July to late August. Fr.—Mid-August into Octo- 
ber. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), New Egypt, Oaklyn (S), Mickleton 
(H), Mullica Hill (H), Swedesboro (CDL). 


MERTENSIA Roth. 
Mertensia virginica (L.). Virginia Cowslip. 


Pulmonaria virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 135. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Mertensia virginica Britton 177—Keller and Brown 269. 


* Hound’s Tongue, waste ground. 
+ Corn Gromwell, a weed in sandy ground. 
£ Bugloss, local in waste places; roadsides, etc., rare. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY.  6s9 


_ Meadows along the Raritan and in the Delaware Valley near 
Trenton and one or two other stations; rare. 
Fl.—Late April to mid-May. 


Middle District—Walnford (C), Hornerstown, between Bordentown and 
Lumberton, 


MYOSOTIS L. 
Myosotis laxa Lehm. Smaller Forget-me-Not. 


Myosotis laxa Lehmann, Asperif. 83. 1818 [North America]. 
Myosotis palustris var. laxa Willis 47.—Britton 177. 
Myosotis palustris Knieskern 24. 

Common in the northern counties and frequent in the Middle 
district. One record each for the Pine Barrens and Cape May, 
the former possibly based on an introduction. 

Fl.—Mid-May into September. 

Middle District—Deal Beach (NB), New Egypt, Pemberton Jnc. (S), 
Lindenwold (S), Medford (S), Mickleton (H), Pitman, Mantua, Swedes- 
boro, Mannington (C). 

Pine Barrens.—White Horse (S). 

Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


Myosotis virginica (L.). Scorpion Grass. 
Lycopsis virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 139. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Myosotis virginica Britton 178. 
Open sandy ground; frequent or occasional, except in the 
Pine Barrens. 
F].—Late April to mid-June. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Crosswicks, Brown’s Mills, Hainesport, 
Glassboro, Woodbury, Medford (S), Locust Grove, Westville, Washington 
Park, Mickleton, Mantua, Swedesboro. x 

Cape May—Cape May (OHB). 

ONOSMODIUM Michaux. 
Onosmodium virginianum (L.). Virginia False Gromwell. 


Lithospermum virginianum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 132. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Onosmodium Virginianum Britton 178.—Keller and Brown 270. + 
Purshia hispida Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 103. 1818. 

Open sandy ground; occasional throughout the Middle district, 
extending northward in the Delaware Valley. The only Pine 
Barren records seem to be introductions, and the plant has a 
tendency to become a weed elsewhere. 


660 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Early June to early July. Fr—Early July to early 
August or into September. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), Birmingham (NB), Griffith’s Swamp (S), 
Medford (S), Westville (KB), Woodbury (H), Lindenwold (S), Clemen- 
ton, Iona (P), Centerton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Folsom, Hammonton (Bassett). 


Family VERBENACEA. Verbenas. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Plant decumbent, flowers in a globular head. Lippia, p. 661 
aa. Plant erect, flowers in slender spikes. 
b. Flowers white. Verbena urticifolia, p. 660 
bb. Flowers blue or purplish. 
c. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, petioled. V. hastata, p. 660 


cc. Leaves linear to spatulate, lanceolate, mainly sessile. 
V. angustifolia, p. 661 
VERBENA L. 


Verbena urticifolia L. White Verbena. 


Verbena urticifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 20. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Knies- 
kern 23.—Britton 194. 


Frequent in the Northern and Middle districts; usually in 
cultivated or waste ground. ‘T'wo records from the Pine Barrens 
are obviously recently introduced plants. 

F].—Late June to early September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Swedesboro (CDL). 
Pine Barrens—Landisville (T), Weymouth. . 


Verbena hastata L. Purple Verbena, Blue Vervain. . 


Verbena hastata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 20. 1753 [Canada].—Barton FI. Phila. IT. 
41. 1818—Knieskern 23.—Britton 194. 


. Open moist ground; common throughout the State, except in 
the Pine Barrens, where it is absent. 

‘One of the components of the typical late summer flora of 
the damp meadows and swamps of the Middle district, along with 
Eupatorium maculatum, E. perfoliatum, Asclepias pulchra, Ver- 
noma noveboracensis, etc. 

Fl.—Late June to early September. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Masonville, Pemberton Jnc. 
(S$), Medford (S), Chairville (S), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S), Clementon, 
Swedesboro (CDL), Beaver Dam. 

Coast Strip—Peahala (L,), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Absecon (S), 
Atlantic City (S), Crowleytown, Ocean City (S). 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Dias Creek. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY, 661 


Verbena angustifolia Michx. Narrow-leaved Verbena, 


Verbena angustifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. IT. 14. 1803 [Tennessee and 
Carlisle, Pa.]—Knieskern 23.—Britton 194.—Keller and Britton 271. 

Open ground; occasional throughout the State, especially in 
the Middle district. A weed in many places, and the few Pine 
Barren records are all to be so regarded. 

Fl.—Early June to late July and sporadically into September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Delanco, New Lisbon (KB), Mickleton 
(KB), Lake Church, Asbury, Sicklerville, Swedesboro (KB). 

Pine Barrens.—Winslow Jnc., Hammonton, Absecon (S$). 

LIPPIA L. 
Lippia lanceolata Michx. Fog-fruit. 


Lippia lanceolata Michaux, Fl. Bor, Am. II. 15. 1803 [near Ashley, Carolina]. 
—Keller and Brown 272. 
Found only at Wildwood, on the coast; a southern plant push- 
ing north also along the Susquehanna Valley in Pennsylvania. 
Fi.—Late July into September. 


Coast Strip—Wildwood. 


Family LABIA‘. Mints, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Corolla five parted, lobes nearly or quite equal, not two-lipped. 
b. Flowers blue, 1-3 on terminal or axillary pedicels. 
c. Flowers solitary at the ends of the branches or axillary branch- 
lets 12-18 mm. long, stamens much exserted. Plant 2-6 dm. high. 
d. Leaves oblong or lanceolate. Trichostema dichotomum, p. 664 


dd. Leaves linear. T. lineare, p. 664 
ce. Flowers axillary, on 1-3 flowered pedicels, 4-6 mm. long. Plant 
2-5 dm. high. Viscid pubescent. Isanthus, p. 664 


bb. Flowers purplish or white, often very small, in dense axillary clus- 
ters, or forming a terminal interrupted spike. 
c. Plants strongly odorous, anther-bearing stamens 4. Mentha, p. 673 
cc. Plants not odorous, anther-bearing stamens 2. Lycopus, p. 672 
aa, Corolla very irregular, apparently only one-lipped, the upper lip very 
short and inconspicuous stamens exserted, flowers pink or purplish. 
b. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or sparingly appressed pubes- 


cent. Teucrium canadense, p. 663 
bb. Leaves narrower, densely appressed pubescent and papillose, plant 
shorter and stiffer. T. canadense littorale, p. 663 


aaa. Corolla distinctly two-lipped. ; ; 
b. Calyx with a protuberance on the upper side. Scutellaria, p. 664 


662 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


bb. Calyx without a protuberance on upper side. 
c. Upper lip concave. 
d. Anther-bearing stamens 4. 
e. Upper pair longer than the lower. 
f. Tall herbs (6-15 dm.) glabrous or slightly pubescent, 
leaves serrate, petioled, flowers in a dense terminal 


spike. 
g. Corolla greenish-yellow, scarcely exceeding the 
calyx. Agastache nepetoides, p. 666 


gg. Corolla bluish, slightly exceeding the calyx. 
A. scrophularifolia, p. 666 
ff. Erect, densely whitish downy herbs 6-9 dm. high, 
with oblong, petioled, crenate, leaves and small, whit- 
ish, purple dotted flowers, in verticillate clusters 
forming interrupted terminal spikes. 

[Nepeta cataria]* 
fff. Low creeping herbs with reniform crenate leaves 

and blue flowers in axillary verticillate clusters. 
[Glechoma hederacea]* 

ee. Upper pair of stamens shorter than the lower. 

f. Calyx distinctly two-lipped; low herbs 5-6 dm. high, 
with petioled, oblong, leaves and blue flowers 8-12 
mm. long in dense bracted spikes or heads. 

Prunella vulgaris, p. 666 
ff. Calyx not distinctly two-lipped. 

g. Decumbent herbs with orbicular, coarsely crenate, 
leaves, and reddish-purple flowers 12-16 mm. 
long in axillary and terminal clusters. 

[Lamium amplexicaule]® 
gg. Upright herbs with pink or purple flowers in ver- 
ticillate, clustered, terminal spikes or axillary. 
h. Leaves three parted or cleft. 
[Leonurus cardiaca}* 
hh, Leaves linear, lanceolate or oblong. 

i, Leaves narrowed at the base, linear 2-5 
mm. wide; plant 3-5 dm. high, nearly 
glabrous. Stachys hyssopifolia, p. 667 

ut. Leaves cordate or truncate at the base, 

lanceolate to ovate, plant 3-12 dm. high. 

Rough hairy or pubescent. 

j. Leaves all very short petioled, stem 

pubescent all over. S. palustris, p. 667 

jj. Leaves with petioles 6-35 mm. long, 
stem pubescent on the angles only. 

S. aspera, p. 667 


*Catnip. This and the following are common weeds about houses, etc. 
* Ground Ivy. 

*Henbit. 

* Mother-wort. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 663 


dd. Anther-bearing stamens 2, 
e. Calyx 2-lipped, flowers blue, 20-30 mm. long, in whorls. 
Salvia lyrata, p. 667 
ee. Calyx tubular equally 5-toothed, corolla elongated, 25-40 
mm. long, flowers in dense terminal or axillary capitate 
clusters, with colored leaf-like bracts immediately below. 
f. Flowers lilac or purplish. Monarda fistulosa, p. 668 
ff. Flowers yellowish, the upper lip spotted with purple. 


M. punctata, p. 668 
cc. Upper lip flat or only slightly concave. 
d. Flowers in axillary whorls or terminal capitate clusters, white 
or purple. 
e. Stamens curved, often more or less converging. 

f. Anther-bearing stamens 2. Low herbs, 1.5-4 dm. high, 
flowers 6 mm. long, purple, in axillary clusters or in- 
terrupted spikes, and small nearly glabrous leaves. 

Hedeoma, p. 668 
ff. Anther-bearing stamens 4. Herbs 3-6 dm. high, hir- 
‘sute, with dense axillary or terminal clusters of pink 
flowers. Clinopodium vulgare, p. 669 

ee. Stamens never curved, often divergent. 

f. Anther-bearing stamens 4. Very small white or purple- 
dotted flowers in dense terminal or axillary glomerules 
or cymose -clusters. Koellia, p. 669 

ff. Anther-bearing stamens 2. Flowers lilac, 10-12 mm. 
long, in loose cymose terminal clusters. Cunila, p. 671 
dd. Flowers in an open terminal panicle, yellow. 
Collinsonia, p. 674 
TEUGRIUM L, 


Teucrium canadense L. Germander. 


Teucrium canadense Linneus, Sp. Pl. 564. 1753 [Canada]._—Knieskern 23. 
—Britton 203. 


Low moist ground; frequent in the Northern and Middle 
districts. 

F].—Late June to early August and sporadically into Septem- 
ber. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Cooper’s Ferry, Washington Park, Swedes- 
boro, Salem (S). 

Teucrium canadense littorale (Bicknell). Coast Germander. 
Teucrium littorale Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club. 1901. 160 [York Harbor, 
Me.]. 
Frequent along the edge of the maritime marshes. 
Fl.—Early July to early August, sporadically later. 


Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant (S), Seaside Park, Ship Bottom (I,), Tucker’s 
(L), Atlantic City (T), Beesley’s Pt. (S), Piermont (S), Anglesea, Cold 
Spring, Cape May Pt. 


664 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ISANTHUS Michaux. 
Isanthus brachiatus (L.). False Pennyroyal. 


Trichostema brachiatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 598. 1753 [North America]. 
Isanthus ceruleus Willis 44. 
Isanthus brachiatus Britton 203.—Keller and Brown 273. 

Dry sandy ground; at several points along the Delaware above 
Trenton, also in Bergen and Monmouth Counties; rare and quite 
likely introduced, as it occurs along railroads in Pennsylvania. 


Middle District—Freehold (C). 


TRICHOSTEMA L. 
Trichostema dichotomum L. Blue Curls. 
Trichostema dichotomum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 598 [Virginia and Pennsylvania]. 
Barton Fl. Phila. II. 40. 1818—Britton 202. 
Dry fields, etc., throughout the State, in many instances a 
weed in cultivated or waste ground. 
Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Hartford, Camden (T), Medford (S), Oak- 
lyn (S), Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens.—Speedwell (S), Pen Bryn (S), Atsion (S), Landisville 
(T), Egg Harbor City, Belleplain (S). 
Coast Strip—Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Tucker’s (1,), West Creek (S), 
Atlantic City (S), Avalon. 
Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S). 


Trichostema lineare Nutt. Narrow-leaved Blue Curls. 
Trichostema linearis Nuttall, Gen. II. 39. 1818 [New Jersey].—Barton FI. 
Phila. II. 40. 1818.—Knieskern 23.—Willis 44.—Britton 203—Keller and 
Brown 274. 
Locally in sandy ground of the Middle and Pine Barren dis- 
tricts; apparently not common. 
Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. 


Middle District—Hainesport, Camden, Griffith's Swamp (NB), Washing- 
ton Park, Clementon. 


Pine Barrens.—Monmouth and Ocean Cos. (C), Malaga (P), Quaker 
Bridge (C), Palermo (S), Seaville. 


SCUTELLARIA L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers 6-10 mm. long, in axillary or sometimes terminal racemes. 


S. lateriflora, p. 665 
aa, Flowers 12-30 mm. long, in terminal, often panicled, racemes. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 66s 


b, Leaves, except the floral ones, broad, crenate or dentate. 
S. pilosa, p. 665 
bb. Leaves, all except the lowest, narrow entire. _S, integrifolia, p. 665 
aaa, Flowers 16-26 mm. long, solitary in the axils, leaves lanceolate, nearly 
sessile, S. galericulata, p. 6606 
Scutellaria lateriflora L. Mad-dog Scullcap. 


Scutellaria laterifora Linneus, Sp. Pl. 598 [Canada and Virginia].—Knies- 
kern 24.—Britton 201. 


Common in wet shaded ground or along streams throughout 
the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it does not occur. 
F].—Early July to mid-September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House, Kaighns Pt., Medford (S), 
Oaklyn (S), Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Lindenwold (S), Bridge- 
port, Blackwood, Clementon (S), Swedesboro, Willow Grove, Salem. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin. 

Cape May.—Goshen (S), Court House (S), Dias Creek, Cold Spring, 
Green Creek (S). 

Scutellaria pilosa Michx. Hairy Scullcap. 


Scutellaria pilosa Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 11. 1803 [Carolina and 
Georgia].—Willis 46.—Britton 200. 


Dry ground; rather frequent or occasional in the Middle and 
Cape May districts, ranging north to Hunterdon and Mercer 
Counties. 

Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July. 

Middle District—Keyport (NB), Birmingham, Medford (5), Mickleton, 


Swedesboro, Union Grove (S), Fairton (S). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Bennett. 


Scutellaria integrifolia L. Hyssop Scullcap. 


Scutellaria integrifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 599. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Barton Fl. Phila. II. 39. 1818:—Knieskern 24.—Britton 200. 


Common in moist ground throughout the State, except in the 
Pine Barrens, where it is only occasional, 
Fl.—Mid-June to mid-July. 


Middle District—Keyport (NB), Farmingdale, New Egypt, Riverside, 
Hartford, Arney’s Mt. (S), Albion, Locust Grove (S), Medford (S), Oaklyn 
(S), Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Repaupo, Sicklerville (S), York- 
town, Husted (S), Haleyville (NB). 

Pine Barrens—Williamstown Jnc., Winslow Jnc., Hammonton (Bassett). 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Waretown, Forked River, Sherburn’s (L), 
Cox’s, Beesley’s Pt. (S), Petersburg (S), Mays Landing (S). 

Cape May—Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S$). 


666 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Scutellaria galericulata L. Marsh Scullcap. 


Scutellaria galericulata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 599. 1753 [Europe].—Nuttall Gen. 
II. 37. 1818—Barton FI. Phila. II. 38. 1818—Britton 201.—Keller and 
Brown 275. 


In wet ground in the northern counties and southward along 
the Delaware River, also at Cape May. ‘The statement in 
Britton’s Catalogue to the effect that it is “frequent in Atlantic 
County (Peters)” must be an error; there are no specimens in 
the State herbarium. 

Fl.—Early June to late August. 

Middle District—Riverton (Bassett), Delanco, Cooper’s Creek, Westville 
(KB), Repaupo, Swedesboro, Woodstown (KB). 

Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 

AGASTACHE Clayton. 
Agastache nepetoides (L.). Catnip Giant Hyssop. 


Hyssopus nepetoides Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 569. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Lophanthus nepetoides Willis 45.—Britton 200. 
Agastache nepetoides Keller and Brown 275. 


Locally on edges of woods in the northern counties; rare 
within our limits, in the upper Middle district only. 

Fl.—tLate July into September. 

Middle District—Freehold (C), Gloucester (KB), Pea-shore Camden 


(P). 
Agastache scrophularifolia (Willd.). Giant Hyssop. 


Hyssopus scrophularifolius Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 48. 1801 [Virginia and 
Canada].—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 31. 1818. 

Lophanthus scrophulariefolius Britton 200. 

Agastache scrophulariefolia Keller and Brown 275. 


Frequent on the edges of woods in the northern counties; rare 
southward in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Late July into September. 

Middle District—Freehold (C), Camden. 


PRUNELLA L. 
Prunella vulgaris L.. Self-heal. 


Prunella vulgaris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 600. 1753 [Europe]. 
Brunella vulgaris Britton 201. 


Frequent as a weed in cultivated ground and also in woods, 
etc., in remote sections, where it appears as if native. Original 
habitat not ascertainable. 

Fl.—Early June into October. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 667 


STACHYS L. 
Stachys:hyssopifolia Michx. Hyssop Hedge Nettle. 
Stachys hyssopifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 4. 1803 [Carolina]—Willis 
46.—Britton 202-——Keller and Brown 277. 
Open wet ground in the Middle district; local. 
Fl.—tLate July to late August. 


Middle District—Florence, Delanco, Pemberton (NJ), Moorestown (KB), 
Camden (C), Medford (NB). 

Pine Barrens?—Malaga (KB). 

Stachys palustris L. Hedge Nettle. 
Stachys palustris Linneus, Sp. Pl. 580. 1753 [Europe].—Knieskern 24.— 
Britton 2o1. 

Damp open ground, rare; known only from one locality in the 
Coast district, and possibly not native there. 

Fl.—Mid-June to late July, probably. 


Coast Strip—Spray Beach (L). 
Stachys aspera Mich. Rough Hedge Nettle. 


Stachys aspera Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 5. 1803 [Carolina] —Barton, Fl. 
Phila. II. 33. 1818.—Britton 201. 
Moist open ground of the Northern and Middle districts. 
Fl.—Mid-June to late July, sporadically into September. 


Middle District—Atlantic Highlands (NB), New Egypt, Fish House, 
Washington Park, Center Square, Salem (S). 


SALVIA L. 
Salvia lyrata L. Lyre-leaved Sage. 
Pi. CXXIIL, Fig. 2. 
Salvia lyrata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 23. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 23.—Britton 
1990. "S 
Sandy ground; frequent in the Middle district north to Middle- 
sex and Mercer Counties, and on the Coast strip south to Cape 
May. 
Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt (NB), Pemberton (NB), Med- 
ford (S), Taunton (S), Washington Park, Camden (P), Lindenwold (S), 
Two miles east Sewell (S), Wenonah (S). 


Coast Strip.—Pt. Pleasant (S), Atlantic City, Avalon, Piermont (S), Cold 
Spring (S), Cape May Court House. 


668 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


MONARDA L. 
Monarda fistulosa L. Wild Bergamot. 


Monarda fistulosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 22. 1753 [Canada].—Britton 199. 


In dry soil; locally in the northern counties; rare within our 
limits and confined to the Middle district. 

Fl.—Early July to late August. 

Middle District—Keyport (C), Cassville. 


Monarda punctata L. Horse-mint. 


Pl. CX. 

Monarda punctata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 22. 1753 [Virginia]—Pursh Fl. Am. 
Sept. I. 18. 1814.—Barton Fl. Phila. 14. 1818—Knieskern 23.—Willis 
45.—Britton 199.—Keller and Brown 278. 

Common in dry, open, sandy ground of the Middle, Coast and 
Cape May districts north to Middlesex and Mercer Counties. 
Appears as a weed in many places, and the occurrences in the 
Pine Barrens seem to be of this nature. 

This is one of the characteristic native plants of the Middle 
district which takes kindly to cultivation, increasing abundantly 
in fields, along roadsides, etc. While its flowers are handsome 
individually, the colors are too neutral and the pink bracts not 
bright enough to produce much effect in bulk. 

Fl.—Late July into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, New Lisbon, Camden, Medford (S), Mickle- 
ton, Blackwood, Clementon, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens——Speedwell (S), Landisville (T), Hammonton, Mouth of 
Batsto, Egg Harbor City. 


Coast Strip—Absecon (S), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Wildwood. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB), Dias Creek, Cape May. 


HEDEOMA Persoon. | 
Hedeoma pulegioides (L.). Pennyroyal. 
Melissa pulegioides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 593. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Hedeoma pulegioides Knieskern 23.—Britton 198. 

Frequent in open dry ground or in woodland throughout the 
State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is local and perhaps 
introduced, as it has a tendency to spread everywhere in culti- 
vated ground. 

Fl.—Late July to early September. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 669 


Middle District —New Egypt, Oaklyn (S), Swedesboro, Camden (P). 
Pine Barrens.—Cedar Brook, Egg Harbor City. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


CLINOPODIUM L, 
Clinopodium vulgare L. 


Clinopodium vulgare Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 587. 1753 [Europe and Canada]. 
Calamintha clinopodium Knieskern 23.—Britton 108. 


Dry ground, woods or thickets ; frequent in the northern coun- 
ties and less common southward in the Middle district; intro- 
duced as a weed into the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Early July into September. 


Middle District—Ocean and Monmouth Cos. (Kn), New Egypt, Moores- 
town (C), Atco (C), Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens—Landisville. 


KOELLIA Moench. 


Key to the S‘pecies. 


a, Bracts and calyx teeth awn-tipped, rigid, as long as the corolla, flowers in 
dense heads, terminating the branchlets, leaves slightly petioled. 
K. aristata, p. 670 
aa. Bracts and calyx teeth not long-awned. 
b. Leaves linear. K. flexuosa, p. 669 
bb. Leaves lanceolate. 
c. Leaves all glabrous or slightly pubescent on the nerves beneath. 
, K. virginiana, p. 670 
cc. Leaves, at least the uppermost, closely pubescent above. 
K. verticillata, p. 670 
bbb. Leaves ovate or ovate oblong. 
c. Calyx and bracts with close minute appressed pubescence; leaves 
hoary with whitish wool beneath. K. incana, p. 671 
cc. Calyx and bracts pilose or hispid, with distant spreading hairs; 
leaves ovate, rigid, acute, rounded at base, green and glabrate 
when old; floral leaves, bracts and calyx teeth hoary. 
K. mutica, p. 671 


Koellia flexuosa (Walt.). Narrow-leaved Mountain Mint. 
Origanum flexuosum Walter, Fl. Car. 165. 1788 [Carolina]. 
Dry rocky ground; frequent in the northern counties, but rare 
within our limits and confined to the upper Middle district and 


lower Cape May. 
F].—Early July to late August. 


670 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Pt. Pleasant, New Egypt, Burlington, Swedesboro 
(CDL). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Court House. 


Koellia virginiana (L.). Virginia Mountain Mint. 


Satureja virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 567 [Virginia]. 
Pycnanthemum lanceolatum Barton, Fl, Phila. II. 35. 1818 (in part). 
Pycnanthemum virginicum Britton 198. 

Mainly dry ground; perhaps frequent in the northern counties ; 
very rare within our limits. Known from one locality only in the 
Middle district. 

Fl.—Early July to early September. 


Middle District—Kaighns Pt. 


Koellia verticillata (Michx.). Torrey’s Mountain Mint. 


Brachystemon verticillatum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 6. pl. 31. 1803 
[mountains of Pennsylvania and Upper Carolina]. 
Pycnanthemum Torreyi Britton 197. 
Koellia verticillata Keller and Brown 280 (in part). 
Frequent in low grounds of the northern and Middle districts 
southward to Salem County; occasional in the Pine Barrens. 
Fl.—Early July to early September. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, Freehold (C), New Egypt, Kaighns Pt., 
Medford (S), Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, Salem Co. (KB), Swedesboro. 


Pine Barrens—Ancora, Piper’s Corner (S), Elwood (C), Egg Harbor 
City (KB). 


Koellia aristata (Michx.). Awned Mountain Mint. 


Pycnanthemum aristatwm Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 8 pl. 33. 1803 [Mary- 
land and Upper Carolina]_—Knieskern 23.—Willis 45.—Britton 197. 
Koellia aristata Keller and Brown 280. 


Apparently restricted to the Central part of the Coast strip 
from Forked River to Absecon and on the outlying island; locally 
common. Although generally credited to the “Pine Barrens” 
we have been unable to find it away from the immediate vicinity 
of the coast. 

Fl.—Early July to early September. 

Coast Strip—Ocean Co. (Kn), Waretown (C), Forked River, Manahawkin, 


Cox’s, Beach Haven (L), Ship Bottom (L), North Beach Haven (L), 
Absecon. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 671 
Koellia incana (L.). Hoary Mountain Mint. 


Clinopodium incanum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 588 1753 [N. Europe]. 
Pycnanthemum incanum Britton 1097. : 


Open woods, rocky or sandy soil; frequent in the northern 
counties and locally and irregularly southward; apparently to 
some extent introduced in our territory. 

Fl.—Early July to early September. 

Middle District.—Griffth’s Swamp, Mickleton (C), Bridgeton (C), 
Merchantville (C). 


Pine Barrens—Hammonton (Bassett), Quaker Bridge (P). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB), Three miles west Court House (S). 


Koellia mutica (Michx.). Short-toothed Mountain Mint. 


Brachystemon muticum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 6. pl. 32. 1803 [Upper 
Carolina]. 
Pycnanthemum muticum Britton 197. 


Frequent in open sandy ground, mainly restricted to the Mid- 
dle and Pine Barren districts, though it ranges northward along 
the Delaware and probably passes the fall line at other points 
in the northern counties. : 

Fl.—Early July to early September. 

Middle District—Farmingdale (NB), Pemberton Jnc. (S), Camden, Had- 


donfield (P), Medford (NB), Mickleton. 
Pine Barrens.—Cassville, Absecon, Atsion, Hammonton. 


CUNILA L. 
Cunila origanoides (L.). Dittany. 


Satureja origanoides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 568. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Cunila mariana Britton 197. 

Dry soil, usually in open woodland; common in the northern 
counties and locally frequent in the Middle and Cape May dis- 
tricts. 

Fl.—Mid-August to late September. 

Middle District—Keyport (C), Mickleton (C), Mantua, Timber Creek 


near Gloucester (P), Swedes Bridge (C), Swedesboro (CDL), Bridgeton. 
Cape May—Bennett, Green Creek (S). 


672 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


LYCOPUS L. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Calyx-teeth ovate, scarcely acute, shorter than the mature nutlets. 
b. Leaves mostly ovate, often purple, base of stem not tuberous. 
Lycopus virginicus, p. 672 
‘bb. Leaves mostly lanceolate to oblong, base of stem tuberous. 
L. uniflorus, p. 672 
aa. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, subulate or very acute, larger than the nutlets. 


b. Leaves deeply incised or pinnatified. L. americanus, p. 673 
bb. Leaves merely serrate. 

c. Leaves sessile. L. sessilifolius, p. 672 

cc. Leaves narrowed into a manifest petiole. L. rubellus, p. 673 


Lycopus virginicus L. Purple Water Hoarhound or Bugle-weed. 
Lycopus virginicus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 21. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 23.— 
Britton 196. 
Moist ground; frequent in the Northern and Middle districts. 
Fl.—tLate July into September. 
Middle District—Long Branch, New Egypt, Medford (S), Oaklyn (S$), 


Lawnside (S), Salem. 
Pine Barrens.—Landisville (T), Atsion (S). 


Lycopus uniflorus Michx. Common Water Hoarhound. 
Lycopus uniflorus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. 14. 1803 [Lakes, St. John and 
Mistassini, Canada]. 
Moist ground; frequent in the Northern and Coast districts; 
apparently rare in the Middle district at least within our limits. 
Fi.—Late July into September. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Clementon. 


Coast Strip.—Cox’s, Manahawkin, Barnegat City (L), Ship Bottom (L), 
Holgate’s (1), Sherburn’s (L). 


. 


Lycopus sessilifolius Gray. Sessile-leaved Water Hoarhound. 

Lycopus europeus var. sessilifoliws Gray, Man. Ed. 5. 345. 1867 [Atsion 

Creek, N. J.]—Willis 44.—Britton 196—Keller and Brown 280. 

Common in the Pine Barrens and frequent elsewhere through- 
out our region, but apparently not recorded in the State north 
of our limits. 

This is the typical Hoarhound of the Pine Barrens common 
about the Cranberry bogs and other wet spots, always with 
abundantly-developed stolons. The type specimen was collected 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 673 


by the late William M. Canby on Atsion Creek, in the heart of 
the Pines, that he was so fond of exploring. 
Fl.—E arly August into October. 


Middle District—Delanco (S$), Fish House, Oaklyn (S), Swedesboro 
(CDL), Pennsgrove (NB), Salem (S), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Como, Toms River (KB), Forked River, West Creek (S), 
Speedwell (S), Clementon (S), Atsion (C), Parkdale, Batsto, Green Bank 
(C), Egg Harbor City (KB), Mays Landing, Palermo (S$), Seaville (S), 
Ocean City Jnc., Petersburg (S). 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Barnegat City (L). 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). 


Lycopus rubellus Moench. Stalked Water Hoarhound. 


Lycopus rubellus Moench, Meth. Suppl. 146. 1802 [No loc., prob. Virginia] 
—Britton 196.—Keller and Brown 281. 


Apparently rare. I am, however, by no means certain that the 
plant referred to is certainly distinct from L. sessilifolius. The 
example from Cape May shows short petioled leaves, but one 
from Forked River is nearly as much petioled. ‘The sepals, too, 
are nearly glabrous, while in sessilifolius they are usually hispid. 

Cape May.—Cape May. 

Lycopus americanus Muhl. Cut-leaved Water Hoarhound. 


Lycopus americanus “Muhlenberg,” Barton, Fl. Phila. Prodr. 15. 1815 [Can- 
ada]. 
Lycopus sinuatus Willis 44.—Britton 1096. 


(Moist ground; frequent or common throughout the State, ex- 
cept in the Pine Barrens, where it is conspicuous by its absence. 
Especially abundant on the coast strip. 

Fl.—Mid-July into September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Florence, New Lisbon, Delanco (5), Cam- 
den, S. Westville, Swedesboro, Millville. 

Coast Strip.—Seaside Park, Waretown, N. Beach Haven (I), Peahala (L), 
Spray Beach (L,), Atlantic City (S), Beesley’s Pt. (S), Ocean City (S), 
Palermo (S), Mays Landing (S), Seaville, Piermont (S$), Court House (S), 


Cold Spring (S). 
Cape May.—Dennisville (S), E. of Dias Creek (S). 


MENTHA L. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Whorls of flowers axillary only. M. canadensis, p. 674 
aa. Whorls of flowers forming terminal spikes. 
b. Plants glabrous or nearly so. 


43 MUS 


674 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


c. Spikes slender, mostly interrupted, leaves sessile or nearly so. 
[M. spicata]* 


ce. Spikes shorter and denser, leaves petioled. [M. piperita]} 
bb. Plants villose, hirsute or canescent. 

c. Leaves lanceolate, acute. [M. longifolia]t 

cc. Leaves elliptic, obtuse. [M. rotundifolia]§ 


Mentha canadensis L. Wild Mint. 
Mentha canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 577. 1753 [Canada].—Britton 196. 


Common in open moist ground in the northern counties and 
less common southward in the Middle and Coast districts. 
Fl.—Early July into September. 


Middle District—Fish House, Medford (S), Washington Park, Mickle- 
ton, Swedesboro, Woodstown (NB). 
Coast Strip.—Spray Beach (L). 


COLLINSONIA L. 
Collinsonia canadensis L. 


Collinsonia canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 28. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Knieskern 23.—Britton 195. 


Frequent in woods of the northern counties; rare southward 
within our limits. 
Fl.—Early August to late September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Mantua, Swedesboro (CDL). 


Family SOLANACE. Potatoes, Groundcherries, etc. 


a, Fruit a prickly capsule, flowers long funnel-form, 70-90 mm. long. Rank 
herbs 3-15 dm. high. 
b. Corolla white. [Datura stramonium]* 
bb. Corolla violet purple. [D. tatula]? 
aa, Fruit a berry. 
b. Fruiting calyx enlarged, bladder-like, completely enclosing the berry. 
Physalis, p. 675 
bb. Calyx not enlarged. 
c. Climbing vine with purple flowers and red berries. 
[Solanum dulcamara]® 
* Spear Mint, abundantly introduced in meadows. 
+ Pepper Mint, locally introduced. 
£ Horse Mint, waste ground, very rare. 
§ Round-leaved Mint, waste ground. 
Several other species of Mint are introduced in various parts of the country. 
*Jimson Weed, an abundant weed. 
? Purple Jimson, less frequent. 
* Nightshade, in thickets, often appearing like a native. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 675 


cc. Erect-herbs with white or whitish flowers. 


d, Plant prickly, berries yellow. LS. carolinense]* 
dd, Plant not prickly, berries black. S. nigrum, p. 675 
PHYSALIS. L. 


Physalis heterophylla Nees. Ground Cherry. 
Physalis heterophylla Nees. Linnaea VI. 463. 1831 [North America, prob- 
ably Pennsylvania]. 

Dry open ground; frequent throughout the State, except in 
the Pine Barrens, where it is local. This and several other 
species are credited to our region, but they are all so generally 
weeds that it is impossible to determine if they are native here 
and, if so, what their original distribution may have been. 


SOLANUM L., 
Solanum nigrum L. Black Nightshade. 


Solanum nigrum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 186. 1753 [throughout world].—Britton 
181. 


Generally distributed, but such a universal weed that all trace 
of its original habitat has been lost. The introduced S. dulca- 
mara (Purple Nightshade or Bitter Sweet) is perfectly natural- 
ized along the coastal islands, where it is as characteristic as 
some of the native species. 


Family SCROPHULARIACE. Figwort, etc. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Corolla rotate, anther-bearing stamens 5. 
b. Plant densely wooly, flowers yellow, in a dense terminal spike. 
[Verbascum thapsus]* 
bb. Plant glabrous, flowers in a slender raceme, white or yellow, stamens 
purplish. [V. blattaria]’ 
aa. Corolla various, anther-bearing stamens 2 or 4. 
b. Corolla spurred at the base. 
c. Flowers 25-30 mm. long, yellow and orange. [Linaria linaria]® 
cc. Flowers 6-12 mm. long, blue. L. canadensis, p. 677 
bb. Corolla not spurred. 
c. Anther-bearing stamens 2. 
d. Dwarf aquatic plants w'th inconspicuous axillary flowers and 
opposite, entire rounded leaves. Micranthemum, p. 681 


“Horse Nettle, a bad weed in fields, etc. 
1Mullein, a common field weed occurring with the next. 


? Moth Mullein. 
*oad-flax, a frequent weed on roadsides and waste ground. 


676 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


dd. Tall herbs 6-20 dm. high, with dense terminal spike-like 
racemes of tubular white flowers (4 mm. long). 
Leptandra virginica, p. 683 
ddd. Low herbs, not over 6 dm. high. 
e. Flowers somewhat tubular, limb two-lipped. 
f. Two protruding sterile stamens in addition to those 
bearing anthers. 
g. Peduncles long and filiform, exceeding the sub- 
tending leaves. I. anagallidea, p. 681 
gg. Peduncles as long as the leaves, or shorter. 
Ilysanthes dubia, p. 680 
ff. Sterile filaments, short or none. 
g. Flowers bright yellow. Gratiola aurea, p. 680 
gg. Flowers white or tinged with yellow or purple. 
h. Plant hirsute, flowers 8 mm. long. 
G. pilosa, p. 680 
hh. Plant glabrous, flowers 14 mm. long. 
G. spherocarpa, p. 679 
hhh, Plant glandular, puberulent, flowers 8-10 mm. 
long. G. virginiana, p. 679 
ee. Flowers rotate, divisions nearly equal, not 2-lipped. 
Veronica, p. 682 
ec. Anther bearing stamens 4. 
d. Terrestrial herbs with conspicuous flowers. 

e. Flower heads appearing scarlet, but color really re- 
stricted to the foliaceous bracts, flowers greenish | 
yellow. Castilleja, p. 687 

ee. Flowers blue or violet, 25 mm. long, plants glabrous. 
f. Leaves sessile, peduncles longer than the calyx. 

F Mimulus ringens, p. 679 
ff. Leaves petioled, peduncles shorter than the calyx. 
M. alatus, p. 679 
eee. Flowers pink or purple. 
f. Plant hispid, flowers salverform, purple, 25 mm. 
long, the limb nearly equally s5-parted, in a ter- 
minal bracted spike. Buchnera, p. 683 
ff. Plants glabrous, with opposite sessile linear leaves, 
flowers bell-shaped, pink or purplish, pedicelled, 
10-25 mm. long. Gerardia, p. 685 
eeee. Flowers yellow. 
f. Similar to those of Gerardia, 25-35 mm. long. 
Dasystoma, p. 684 
ff. Strongly 2-lipped, somewhat compressed, 15-20 


mm. long. 
g. Plant glabrous, 3-9 dm. high, leaves pinnately 
lobed. Pedicularis lanceolata, p. 687 


gg. Plant pubescent, at least above, 1.5-4.5 dm. 
high, leaves pinnately parted. 
P. canadensis, p. 688 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 677 


eeeee. Flowers white. 
f. Corolla 25 mm. long, inflated and contracted at 
the mouth, plant glabrous. Chelone, p. 678 
ff. Corolla 20 mm. long, not contracted at the mouth, 
often tinged with purple, stem hairy. 
Penstemon hirsutus, p. 678 
fff. Corolla 8-12 mm. long, two-lipped, lower lip 
yellow, plant puberulent, 2-5 dm. tall. 
Melampyrum lineare, p. 688 
eeeece. Flowers purplish or yellowish green, sometimes almost 
brown, or partly yellow, partly maroon. 

f. Flowers 6-8 mm. long, numerous in large, nearly 
leafless thyrses, plant 1-3 m. tall, glabrous below, 
somewhat glandular above, leaves opposite. 

g. Corolla dull outside, sterile stamen purple. 
Scrophularia marilandica, p. 678 
gg. Corolla shining outside, sterile, stamen green- 
ish yellow. S. leporella, p. 678 
ff. Flowers laterally compressed, irregular, 2-lipped, 
25-40 mm. long, in a bracted spike; plant pubes- 
cent, 3-6 dm. high, leaves alternate. 
Schwalbea, p. 687 
dd. Low succulent aquatic plant, creeping on mud or floating, 
with slender obtuse leaves 20-120 mm. long, and 1-flowered 
peduncles, corolla white or pinkish, 2 mm. broad. ~ 
Limosella, p. 681 


LINARIA Hill. 
Linaria canadensis (L.). Blue Toad-flax. 


Antirrhinum canadense Linneus, Sp. Pl. 618. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 44. 1818. 
Linaria canadensis Knieskern 22,—Britton 183. 


Open, sandy ground; common throughout our region and in 
parts of the northern counties; frequently a weed in cultivated 


and waste ground. 
Fl.—Late April to early July. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Burlington, Camden, Medford (S), Wash- 
ington Park, Mantua, Westville, Mickleton, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Brown’s Mills, Forked River, Atco, Landisville, Head of 
Batsto. 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Surf City (1), Beach Haven Terrace (L), 
Atlantic City. ‘ 

Cape May.—Cape May. 


*Knieskern’s record of Physostegia virginica in Monmouth and Ocean 
counties (p. 24), cannot be verified. The plant has escaped from cultiva- 
tion farther south and perhaps his record is of this sort. 


678 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


SCROPHULARIA L. 
Scrophularia marilandica L. Maryland Figwort. 


Scrophularia marilandica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 619. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Scrophularia nodosa var. Marylandica Britton 184. 
Scrophularia nodosa Knieskern 22. 

Open woods and thickets; frequent in the northern counties 
and south casually in the Middle district, especially along the 
Delaware. 

Fl.—Early July to late August. 


Middle District—Ocean and Monmouth Cos. (Kn), Fish House, Camden 
(CP), Salem Co. ; 


Scrophularia leporelia Bicknell. Hare Figwort. 
Scrophularia leporella Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 23: 317. 1896 [Near N. 
Y. City]. 
Open woods and thickets; frequent in the northern counties 
and southward along the Delaware and on the Coastal strip. 
Fl.—tLate May to early July. 
Middle District—Fish House, Washington Park, Woodbury. 
Coast Strip.—Spray Beach (L,), Piermont. 
CHELONE L. 
Chelone glabra L. Snakehead, Turtlehead. 
Pl. CXI. 
Chelone glabra Linneus, Sp. Pl. 611. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Knies- 
kern 22.—Britton 184. 
In open swamps; common in the Northern and Middle districts 
and occasional on the Cape May peninsula. 
Fl.—Late August to late September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Burlington, Hartford, Birmingham, Delair, 
Kaighns Pt., Medford (S), Washington Park, Ashland. 

Cape May.—Seaville (S), Cold Spring (S). 

PENSTEMON Solander. 
Penstemon hirsutus (L.). Hairy Beard Tongue. 

Chelone hirsutum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 611 [Virginia]. 
Penstemon pubescens Willis 42. © 

Rocky situations; frequent in the northern counties and occa- 
sional within our limits in sandy fields of the Middle district, 
where it is probably introduced as a weed. 

Fr.—tate May to late June. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN. NEW JERSEY. 679 
Middle District—New Egypt, Kirkwood (C), Mickleton (C). 


MIMULUS L. 
Mimulus ringens L. Common Monkey Flower. 
Mimulus ringens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 634 [Virginia and Canada].—Knieskern 22. 
—Britton 18s. 
Open swamps; frequent in the Northern and Middle districts 
and locally on the Cape May peninsula and Coast strip. 
Fl—FEarly July to late August, sporadically into September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton (S), Delaire, Camden (C), Med- 
ford, Mickleton (C), Atco (C), Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 

Coast Strip.—Manahawkin, Mays Landing, Wildwood Jnc., Dias Creek, 
Cape May (S), Cape May Court House. 


Mimulus alatus Soland. Wing-stemmed Monkey Flower. 


Pl. CXIX., Fig. 2. 


Mimulus alatus Solander in Aiton’s Hort. Kew. II. 361. 1789 [North 
America].—Knieskern 22.—Britton 185.—Keller and Brown 288. 


Rare and local in open swamps or meadows of the Northern. 


and Middle districts. 
Fl.—Early July to late August, sporadically into September. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Crosswicks Creek (C), Delair, Medford, 
Woodstown (KB). 
GRATIOLA L. 
Gratiola virginiana L. Clammy Hedge Hyssop. 
Gratiola virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 17. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 22.— 
Britton 185. 
Damp or muddy spots; locally distributed through the North- 
ern and Middle districts. 
Fl.—Late May to late July. 


Middle District—Farmingdale (S), New Egypt, Medford (S), Washing- 
ton Park, Andrews, Swedesboro, Riddleton. 


Gratiola sphzerocarpa Hill. Round-fruited Hedge Hyssop. 


Gratiola spherocarpa Elliott, Bot. S. C. and Ga. I. 14. 1816 [Four miles from 
Charleston, S. C., on the neck]—Willis 42—Britton 185.—Keller and 
Brown 289. 

Wet muddy spots in the Middle and Cape May districts, reach- 
ing here, the northern limit of its distribution; rare and local. 


680 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Originally collected in the State by Austin at Dennisville, Cape 
May County, May, 1855. 
Middle District—Burlington. 


Cape May.—Ocean View (NB), Opp. Cold Spring, Cape May (P), Dennis- 
ville (P). 


Gratiola aurea Pursh. Golden Hedge Hyssop. 


Gratiola aurea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 12. 1814 [Pine Barrens of N. Eng- 
land, New Jersey and Carolina].—Knieskern 22.—Willis 42—Britton 
186.—Keller and Brown 289. 

Common in wet sandy ground throughout the Pine Barrens 
south to Dennisville, also locally in the Middle district and up 
the Delaware to Belvidere, also on the shores of Lake Hopat- 
cong and Green Pond. 

Fl.—Late June to late September. 

Middle District—Florence Hts., Delanco, Fish House, Gloucester, Pauls- 
boro, Center Square. 

Pine Barrens——Pt. Pleasant, Toms River, Forked River, Manahawkin, 


Cedar Grove (S), Cedar Bridge, West Creek, Landisville, Winslow, Ham- 
monton, Atsion (S), Batsto, Egg Harbor City, Woodbine, Dennisville (S). 


Gratiola pilosa Michx. Hairy Hedge Hyssop. : 
Gratiola pilosa Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 7. 1803 [Carolina].—Willis 42.— 
Britton 186—Keller and Brown 289. 

Damp ground and edges of salt marshes in the Cape May and 
lower Middle districts, reaching here, the northern limit of its 
distribution. 

3 . . 

Collected at Griffith’s Swamp, near Haddonfield, by Diffen- 
baugh in 1862. 

Fl.—Early July to early September. 

Middle District—Four miles east of Camden, Griffith's Swamp, Dividing 
Creek. 

Cape May.—Court House, Two miles west of Court House (S), Three 
miles west of Court House (S), Bennett, Cold Spring, Green Creek, Cape 
May. 

ILYSANTHES Rafinesque. 
Ilysanthes dubia (L.). Short-stalked False Pimpernel. 
Gratiola dubia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 17. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Wet ground in the northern counties, ranging down the Dela- 


ware into the Middle district. Not found elsewhere within our 
limits. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 681 


Fl.—Early July to early September. 
Middle District—Riverside, Kaighns Pt., Swedesboro. 


Ilysanthes anagallidea (Michx.).* Long-stalked False Pimpernel. 
Gratiola anagallidea Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 6. 1803 [Carolina]. 
Ilysanthes gratioloides Knieskern 22.—Britton 186. 

Lindernia attenuata Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 8 1818, 

Frequent in wet places throughout the Middle and Cape May 
districts and along the Coast strip; probably does not range much 
above the fall line in the northern counties. 

Fl.—Early July to early September. 

ee iddle District—Crosswicks, Florence Hts., Jackson, Clementon, Woodbine 
: A Strip.—_N. Spring Lake (NB), St. Albans (L,), N. Beach Haven (L), 


Spray Beach (L,), Beach Haven (L), Ocean City (S). 
Cape May.—Rio Grande, Nummeytown (S). 


MICRANTHEMUM Michaux. 
Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nutt.). Nuttall’s Micranthemum. 


Hemianthus micranthemoides Nuttall, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. I. 110, 
pl. 6. 1817 [Kensington (now in Philadelphia) on the Delaware River]. 
Micranthemum micranthemoides Keller and Brown 289. 
Micranthemum Nuttallii Willis 43.—Britton 186. 
Muddy shores of the Delaware from Camden to Burlington; 
local. 
Fl._—Early September into November. 


Middle District—Burlington, Delair, Morris, Camden.t 


LIMOSELLA L. 
Limosella tenuifolia Hoffm. Narrow-leaved Mudwort. 
Pl. XC., Fig. 1. 


Limosella tenuifolia Hoffman, Deutsch. Fl. 29. 1804 [Germany].—Keller and 
Brown 290. 
Limosella aquatica var. tenuifolia Willis 43.—Britton 186. 


Muddy shores of the Delaware and edges of the salt marshes 


from Long Branch to St. Albans. 
Fl.—Early June into September. 


*cf. Robinson Rhodora 1908, 66, on nomenclature of species. 
+The record in Keller and Brown’s list for Clementon (Jahn) cannot be 
substantiated and is almost certainly based upon a misidentification. 


682 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—Burlington, Shore of Delaware River. 
Coast Strip—Long Branch (C), Lake Como (S), Spring Lake (NB), 
Sea Girt, Bay Head, St. Albans (L), Spray Beach (L), Holgate’s (L). 


VERONICA L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers racemose in the axils of the leaves. 
b. Plants glabrous or slightly glandular, flowers blue. 
c. Leaves ovate or oval, petioled. V. americana, p. 682 
cc. Leaves linear or linear lanceolate. V. scutellata, p. 682 
bb. Plants pubescent, leaves oval or obovate, petioled, flowers pale blue. 
V. officinalis, p. 683 
aa. Flowers in terininal spikes or racemes, pale blue with darker stripes. 
Stems decumbent, leaves opposite, oval, 6-12 mm. long. 
V. serpyllifolia, p. 683 
aaa. Flowers solitary in the axils. Plant 7-30 cm. high. 
b. Erect glabrous or glandular, leaves oblong, 6-20 mm. long, flowers 


white. V. peregrina, p. 683 
bb. Much branched and diffuse, leaves ovate or oval, crenate, 4-12 mm. 
long, flowers blue to nearly white. [V. arvensis]* 


Veronica americana Schw. Brooklime. 


Veronica americana “Schw.” Benth in D. C. Prodr. X. 468. 1846 [Canada 
and Carolina to Oregon].—Knieskern 23.—Willis 43.—Britton 187. 


In streams; frequent in the northern counties and occasional 
within our limits in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early June to early August. 


Middle District—New Egypt (C), Burlington, Swedesboro. 


Veronica scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell. 


Veronica scutellata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 12. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 187W—Kel- 
ler and Brown 290. 

Frequent or occasional in swamps of the Northernmost coun-. 
ties, also at Princton Junction, Black Swamp, Somerset County 
and Rosemont, Hunterdon County; and at one or two stations 
near Camden, where it is now probably extinct. 

Fl.—Early May to late August. 


Middle District—Cooper’s Ferry, Whiskey Road. 


* Corn Speedwell a common weed. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 684 


Veronica officinalis L. Common Speedwell. 


Veronica officinalis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 11. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 187. 


Dry ground; frequent in the Northern and Middle districts 


and occasional on the coast and lower bay shore. Appearing like 
a weed in some places. 


Fl.—Early May to late July. 


Middle District—Washington Park, Mickleton, Swedesboro. 
Coast Strip.—Barnegat City (L). 
Cape May.—Town Bank. 


Veronica serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved Speedwell. 


Veronica serpyllifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 12. 1753 [Europe and America].— 
Knieskern 23.—Britton 187. 


Open ground in the Northern and Middle districts. 
Fl.—tLate Aipril to early July. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Kinkora, Mickleton. 


Veronica peregrina L. Purslane Speedwell. 
Veronica peregrina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 14. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 187. 
Common or occasional throughout the State, usually in culti- 
vated or waste ground, occurring as a weed. 
Fl.—Late April to late June. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Sewell (S), ‘Washington Park, Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens.—Landisville. 


Coast Strip—Beach Haven (L). 
Cape May.—Cape May (S). 


LEPTANDRA Nutt. 
Leptandra virginica (L.). Culver’s Root. 
Veronica virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 9, 1753 [Virginia]—Willis 43—Britton 
186. 
In low ground; frequent in the northern counties; very rare 
within our limits and confined to the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early July to late August. 


Middle District—Prospertown, Monmouth Co. (Willis). 


BUCHNERA L. 
Buchnera americana L. Blue Hearts. 


Buchnera americana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 630. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Barton, Fl. Phila. IJ. 217. 1818.—Britton 188.—Keller and Brown 201. 


684 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Very rare; known from but one station in the State, near 
Burlington, where it is now probably extinct. This marked the 
northern limit of its range east of the Alleghanies. Barton men- 
tions that it was found by Zaccheus Collins in sandy ground in 
New Jersey, but whether he referred to the above locality can- 
not be determined. 


Middle District—Burlington. 


DASYSTOMA Rafinesque. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Plant glandular pubescent, much branched, leaves finely pinnatified. 
D. pedicularia, p. 684 
aa, Plant cinereous puberulent, strict and simple, leaves oblong or lanceo- 


late entire or the lowest toothed. D. flava, p. 684 
aaa. Glabrous and glaucous, branched, upper leaves entire, the lower 1-2 
pinnatifid. D. virginica, p. 685 


Dasystoma pedicularia (L.). Fern-leaved False Foxglove. 


Gerardia pedicularia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 611. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 46. 1818—Knieskern 23.—Britton 189. 


Frequent or occasional in dry woods throughout the State, 
most common in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. 

Middle District—Middletown. 

Pine Barrens.—Brindletown, Bamber, Taunton (S), Williamstown Jnc. 


(S), Cedar Grove (S), Hammonton. . 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Dasystoma flava (L.). Downy False Foxglove. 


Gerardia flava Linneus, Sp. Pl. 610. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Willis 
43.—Britton 189. 


Dry woodland; frequent throughout the State, but apparently 
less abundant in the Pine Barrens. 
Fl.—Early July to early August. 


Middle District—Leedsville (NB), Farmingdale, Hornerstown, Medford 
(S), Swedesboro, Fairton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Williamstown Jnc. (S), Winslow (S), Hammonton (T). 

Cape May.—Court House (S$), Whitesboro (S$), Bennett (S), Cold Spring 
(OHB), Cape May. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 685 


Dasystoma virginica (L.). Smooth False Foxglove. 
Rhinanthus virginicus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 603. 1753 [Virginia]. 
aie quercifolia Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 46. 1818.—Knieskern 23.—Britton 
0. 

Occasional in the northern counties, but very rare within our 
limits and known from but three stations. The statement in 
Britton’s Catalogue and in Keller and Brown’s List to the effect 
that it is “frequent in the middle and southern counties” is 
certainly incorrect. 

Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Fairton. 

Pine Barrens?—Hammonton (NB). 


GERARDIA L. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Pedicels little, if at all, longer than the calyx and capsule. 
b. Flowers large, corolla 23-31 mm. long. 
c. Leaves linear 1.5-3.5 mm. wide. G. purpurea, p. 685 
cc. Leaves filiform .o5-1.5 mm. wide, often curled. 
G. racemulosa, p. 686 


bb. Flowers smaller, corolla 14-18 mm. long. G. maritima, p. 685 
aa. Pedicels usually exceeding the corolla, corolla 12-20 mm. long. 

b, Leaves linear, 2.5 mm. wide or less. G. tenuifolia, p. 686 

bb. Leaves filiform, less than 1 mm. wide. G. setacea, p. 686 


Gerardia maritima Raf. Salt Marsh Gerardia. 


Gerardia maritima Rafinesque, Med. Rep. II. 5. 361. 1808 [Islands of Egg 
Harbor, N. J]—Nuttall, Gen. II. 46. 1818—Knieskern 23— Willis 43. 
—Britton 188.—Keller and Brown 292. 

Salt marshes along the coast ; common. 
Fl.—Mid-July to mid-September. 
Coast Strip—Long Branch, Forked River, Barnegat Pier, Barnegat City 


(L,), St. Albans (L), Spray Beach (L), Manahawkin, Atlantic City, Ocean 
City, Palermo, Sea Isle City, Piermont, Holly Beach, Cold Spring, Cape May. 


Gerardia purpurea L. Large Purple Gerardia. 


Pl. CVIL., Fig. 1. 
Gerardia purpurea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 610. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Knies- 
kern 23.—Britton 188. 
Low ground; common throughout the Middle, Coast and Cape 
May districts, and frequent in the northern counties, according 
to Britton’s Catalogue. 


686 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


A conspicuous flower in late summer and early autumn all 
along the coast strip, and in West Jersey. Its purple cups mingle 
with the yellow Euthamia and the white Eupatoriums, which 
abound at that season, in every piece of low moist ground. 

Fl.—Late August to late September. 

Middle District—Burlington, Delair, Haddonfield (S), Orchard (S), Med- 
ford (S), S. Westville, Swedesboro, Dividing Creek. 

Coast Strip—Deal, Seaside Park, Waretown, Barnegat City (L), Spray 
Beach (L), Manahawkin, Cox’s, West Creek (S), Absecon, Atlantic City. 


Ocean City, Seaville (S), Sea Isle City (S), Wildwood. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May, Bennett, Dias Creek (S). 


Gerardia racemulosa Pennell. Pine Barren Gerardia. 


Gerardia racemulosa Pennell, Torreya 1911. 15 [Parkdale, N. J.]. 


Pine Barren bogs; rather frequent, replacing the broader 
leaved G. purpurea. 

This species seems to bear to G. purpurea the same relation- 
ship that G .holmiana does to G. tenuifolia, both the filiform 
leaved species being mainly or entirely restricted to the Pine 
Barrens. . 

Fl.—Late August to late September. 


Pine Barrens—Hornerstown, Forked River, Egg Harbor City, Cedar Grove 
to Jones’ Mill (S), Parkdale. 


Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl. Slender Gerardia. 
Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl. Symb. Bot. III. 79. 1794 [North America].— 
Knieskern 23.—Britton 188. 
Dry open woods of the Northern, Middle and Cape May dis- 
tricts; most frequent northward. 
Fl.—Mid-July to early October. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Westmont (S), Oaklyn (S), Mickleton, 


Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (S). 


Gerardia holmiana, Bristle-leaved Gerardia. 
Gerardia Holmiana Greene, Pittonia IV. 52. 1899 [Brookland, D. C.].—Kel- 
ler and Brown 292. 
Gerardia Skinneriana Keller and Brown 202 (as to N. J.). 
Frequent throughout the Pine Barrens in dry sand. ‘This is 
possibly the G. setacea of Walter, but as I cannot be certain I 
prefer to use Greene’s name, as his types have been examined 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 687 


by Mr. F. W. Pennell, who is familiar with our plant and assures 
me that they are identical. 

Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. 

Middle District—Orchard (S). 


Pine Barrens.—Middletown, Woodmansie, Cedar Grove (S), West Creek 
(S), Jackson, Egg Harbor City, Quaker Bridge (C), Absecon, Seaville (S). 


’ 


CASTILLEJA Mutis. 
Castilleja coccinea (L.). Painted Cup. 
Bartsia coccinea Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 602. 1753 [Virginia and New York]. 
Castilleja coccinea Britton 189.—Keller and Brown 202. 

Low meadows; frequent in the northern counties, but rare and 
local in Mercer, Union and Somerset Counties and southward in 
the Middle district. 

Fl.—Early May to early June, sporadically into July. 


Middle District—Monmouth Co. (Willis), White House (C), Hurffville 
(C), Lindenwold. 


SCHWALBEA L. 


Schwalbea americana L. Chaff-seed. 


Schwalbea americana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 606. 1753 [North America].—Pursh, 
Fl. Am. Sept. II. 428—Barton, Fl. Phila. II., 218. 1818—Willis 43.— 
Britton 189.—Keller and Brown 293. 

Damp sandy spots in the Pine Barrens, local and not common, 
and very rare in the Middle district. Barton states that Zaccheus 
Collins found it within ten miles of Philadelphia. When in full 
bloom the flowers are quite handsome, pale lemon yellow and 
dark maroon. 


Fl._—Early June to early July. 

Middle District—Near Burlington. 

Pine Barrens.—Pt. Pleasant, Two miles north of Speedwell (S), Williams- 
town Jnc. (Leeds), Waterford (P), Winslow Jnc., Hammonton (Leeds), 
Ege Harbor City. 


PEDICULARIS L. 
Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. Swamp Lousewort. 
Pedicularis lanceolata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 18. 1803 [Illinois] —Willis 
44.—Britton 190.—Brown and Keller 293. 
Pedicularis pallida Nuttall, Gen. IJ. 50. 1818—Barton, FI. Phila. I]. 46. 
1818. 


688 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Open swamps; frequent in the northern counties and locally in 
the Middle and Cape May districts. 

Fl.—Late August to late September or into October. 

Middle District.—Freehold (C), New Egypt, Bordentown (C), Medford, 


Lindenwold, Woodstown (KB). 
Cape May—Court House (OHB), Cold Spring. 


Pedicularis canadensis L. Lousewort. Wood Betony. 
Pedicularis canadensis Linneus, Mantissa 86. 1767 [North America].—Knies- 
kern 23.—Britton 189. 
Dry open woods; frequent in the northern counties and locally 
southward in the Middle and Cape May districts. 
Fl.—Late April to late May. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Birmingham, Medford (S),. 


Mickleton, Glassboro (S), Swedesboro, Centerton (S). 
Cape May.—Anglesea Jnc. (3), Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May. 


MELAMPYRUM L. 

Melampyrum lineare Lam. Narrow-leaved Cow-wheat. 
Melampyrum lineare Lamarck, Encyc. IV. 22. 1797 [Carolina].—Britton 190.. 
Melampyrum Americanum Knieskern 23. 

Common in dry woods, probably throughout the State, but we 
have no records from the Cape May peninsula. 

A broad leaved form (M. latifolium Barton?) is perhaps. 
distinct. At Medford it blooms two weeks earlier than the 
narrow-leaved plant, but there. do not seem to be any very con- 
stant structural differences. ' 

F].—Late May-late August. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Smithville, Arney’s Mt. (S), 


Fish House, Springdale (S), Medford, Washington Park, Sicklerville, Sewell 
(S), Glassboro (S). 

Pine Barrens—Asbury Park, Lakehurst, Forked River, Manahawkin, 
Cedar Grove (S), Speedwell, White Horse (S), Braddock’s Mill (S), Berlin, 
Williamstown Jnc. (S), Landisville, Winslow Jnc., Hammonton (Bassett),. 
Batsto (NB), Pleasant Mills (S), Manumuskin. 


Family LENTIBULARIACEZ. Bladderworts. 
UTRICULARIA L. 


a. Scapes erect, rooting in the mud, bladders few or none. 


b. Flowers purple, solitary. Utricularia resupinata, p. 690 
bb. Flowers yellow, 1-10. 
c. Scape rather stout, strict. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 689 


d. Flowers 16-20 mm. broad. U. cornata, p. 689 
dd. Flowers 8-10 mm. broad. U. juncea, p. 690 
ce. Scape filiform, zig-zag. U. subulata, p. 691 


bbb. Corolla included in the calyx or absent. 
c. Flowers 2-6, capsule 1.5-2 mm. in diameter, plant 2-20 cm. high. 
U. virgatula, p. 690 
cc. Flowers 1-2, about the size of a pin head, plant 2-5 cm. high. 
, U. cleistogama, p. 691 
aa, Branches or finely divided leaves floating or creeping on mud and bearing 
numerous bladders. 
b. Scape bearing a whorl of leaves with inflated petioles, flowers yellow. 
U. inflata, p. 693 
bb. Scape leafless or with a few minute scales. 


c. Leaves verticillate, flowers purple. U. purpurea, p. 693 
cc. Leaves crowded, pinnately divided, flowers_ yellow, 10-20 mm. 
broad. U. vulgaris americana,.p. 694 


ccc. Leaves scattered, dichotomously divided. 
d, Cleistogamous flowers among the filiform leaves, 
U. clandestina, p. 692 
dd. No cleistogamous flowers. 
é. Bladders mainly on leafless branches. 
f. Leaf segments linear, flat, U. intermedia, p. 603 
ff. Leaf segments capillary. U. fibrosa, p. 690 
ee. Bladders scattered among the filiform leaves. 
U. gibba, p. 692 


Utricularia cornuta Mich. Horned Bladderwort. 
Pl. CXII., Fig. 3. 


Utricularia cornuta Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 12. 1803 [Canada].—Knies- 
kern 22,—Britton 192.—Keller and Brown 294. 

Sandy swamps of the Pine Barrens; frequent. 

The Utricularias are particularly characteristic of the New 
Jersey pine barren bogs. Shallow ponds with sandy bottoms 
and masses of aquatic vegetation floating in them are favorite 
spots for the taller naked-stemmed species like this, U. juncea 
and U. fibrosa, while the strictly floating forms are found in 
deeper water in which great masses of living and decayed vege- 
tation extend down for many feet. The present species is usually 
almost or entirely devoid of leaves or bladders, but Mr. S. S. Van 
Pelt collected a fine specimen at Toms River with a great mass 
of slender, almost filiform, leaves attached to the base. Perhaps 
they are present more frequently but detached in collecting. 


Fl.—Late June into August. 
44 MUS 


690 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Pine Barrens—Toms River, Hanover, New Lisbon (C), Bamber, Double 
Trouble, Mayetta, Speedwell, Atsion, Batsto, Eighth St. 


Utricularia juncea Vahl. Rush Bladderwort. 
Pl. CXII., Fig. 4. 


Utricularia juncea Vahl. Enum. I. 202. 1805 [Cajenna and Porto Rico]. 


Common in bogs of the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula. 
Distinguished from U. cornuta by its smaller and more numerous 
flowers and the more scattered inflorescence, usually showing 
buds clear above the uppermost flowers and not covered by their 
petals, a character pointed out ‘to me by Dr. J. H. Barnhart. 

Fl.—Early August well into September. 


Pine Barrens.—Forked River, Speedwell, Jackson, Ancora, Pleasant Mills, 
Egg Harbor, Dennisville. 
Cape May—Cold Spring, Bennett. 


Utricularia virgatula Barnhart. Barnhart’s Bladderwort. 
Pl. CXIIL, Fig. 1. 
Utricularia virgatula Barnhart, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXXIV: 580. 1907 
[Riverhead, Suffolk Co., N. Y. (L. I.)]. 


Apparently rare and known from but two stations within our 
region. : 
Fl.—Early August into September (apparently). 


Pine Barrens.—Jackson. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Utricularia resupinata B. D. Greene. Reversed Bladderwort. ‘ 


Utricularia resupinata B. D. Greene in Bigel. Fl. Bost. Ed. III. 10. 1840 
[Tewksbury, Mass.]—Britton 191.—Keller and Brown 204. 

Very rare; known only from a mill pond on the mainland 
opposite Sea Isle City, where it was collected by Mr. Isaac Burk 
in 1887. Specimens are in the State Herbarium at New Bruns- 
wick, the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and the Philadelphia 
Academy, and although they are not prepared very well they 
show clearly the characteristics of this interesting species. 


Coast.—Ocean View. 


Utricularia fibrosa Walt. Fibrous Bladderwort. 
Pl. CXIV., Fig. 1. 


Utricularia fibrosa Walter, Fl. Car. 64. 1788 [Carolina]—Britton 192— 
Keller and Brown 295. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 691 


Shallow sandy ponds in the Pine Barrens; common. 

Fl.—Late May into September. 

Middle District—Elmer (C). 

Pine Barrens.—Upper Squankum (Willis), Manchester (C), Lakehurst, 
Toms River, Whitings, Brindletown, Brown’s Mills (C), Double Trouble, 
Dover Forge, Forked River, Barnegat (KB), Tuckerton, Speedwell (S), 
High Bridge (S), Bear Swamp, Clementon, Tomlinson’s, Jackson, Atco, 
Cedar Brook, Franklinville (C), Malaga (C), Landisville, Inslip, Hammon- 


ton, Atsion (C), Pomona (KB), Quaker Bridge, Ege Harbor City (KB), 
Pancoast, Mays Landing. 


Utricularia subulata L. Zig-zag Bladderwort. 
Pl. CXIIL, Fig. 3. 
Utricularia subulata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 18. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 22— 
Britton 192.—Keller and Brown 294. 
?Utricularia minor Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. I. 15. 1814.—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 
11, 1818. : 
- Shallow sandy ponds or wet sand; common in the Pine Barrens 
and Cape May peninsula, locally on the coast islands and-very 
rare in the Middle district. oe 
_ Fl.—late May into September. 
Middle District—Woodbury. ' ; 
_ Pine Barrens—Island Hts., Toms River (S), Whitings, Brown’s Mills 
(KB), Hanover (KB), Manchester (P), Bamber, Forked River, Waretown, 
Chatsworth, Speedwell (S), Parkdale (S), Blue Anchor, Bear Swamp, Taun- 
ton, Clementon, Sumner, Atco (KB), Hammonton (KB), Atsion, Quaker 
Bridge, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, Pancoast, Absecon. 
Coast Strip.—Spray Beach (L,), Beach Haven (L). 
Cape May—Cape May (S); 


Utricularia cleistogama L. Pin-like Bladderwort. 


Pl. CXIII., Fig. 4. 


Utricularia subulata var. cleistogama A. Gray, Syn. FL II. Pt. 1. 317. 1878 
[Pine Barrens of New Jersey]. 

Utricularia cleistogama Britton 192—Keller and Brown 204. 

Wet sand in the Pine Barrens and occasionally on the coast 
and Cape May peninsula; locally frequent. 

Discovered September, 1866, in the New Jersey Pine Barrens 
by Mr. J. A. Paine, Jr. é 

This little plant is probably the smallest terrestrial species of 
our district, consisting of a filiform stem, often not more than 
an inch in height, with one or two supposedly cleistogamous 


ove 


692 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


purplish flowers no larger than the head of a pin. It is the 
opinion of some botanists that this is merely a depauperate 
cleistogamous form of the last, and perhaps it may prove to be so, 
Fl.—Probably similar to the last. 
Pine Barrens.—Forked River, Bear Swamp (= Medford in KB), Clemen- 
ton, Inskip, Atsion, Egg Harbor City, Pancoast, Woodbine, Calico. 


Coast Strip.—Spray Beach (L). 
Cape May.—Cape May (S). 


Utricularia clandestina Nutt. Hidden-fruited Bladderwort. 
Pl. CXIIL, Fig. 2. 


Utricularia clandestina Nuttall in Gray. Man. 287. 1848 [Tewksbury, Mass., 
and R. I.].—Willis 41.—Britton: 191—Keller and Brown 295. 

Frequent in ponds in the Pine Barrens and locally along the 
Delaware River Valley in the Middle district. This isa northern 
species, reaching its southern limit in New Jersey and Delaware. 

Fl.—Early July into September. 

Middle District—Monmouth Co. (C), Tracy’s (C), Delanco, Mickleton 
(KB), Williamstown, Washington Park (S), Woodbury. 

Pine Barrens—Island Hts. (KB), Toms River, Double Trouble, Forked 
River, Manahawkin, Chatsworth (C), Bear Swamp, Taunton (NB), Berlin 
(C), Clementon, Atco (C), Waterford (C), Ancora (KB), Vineland (C), 


Millville (KB), Hammonton, Atsion, Pleasant Mills, Mays Landing (C), 
Absecon (KB), Woodbine (S), Sea Isle Jnc. 


Utricularia gibba L. Humped Bladderwort. 
Pl. CXIII, Fig. 5. 


Utricularia gibba Linneus, Sp. Pl. 18. 1753 [Virginia]—Pursh, Fl. Am. 
Sept. I. 16. 1814.—Britton 192.—Keller and Brown 295. 

In bogs and ponds; frequent or occasional in the Middle and 
Cape May districts, occurring north of our limits at Closter and 
Woodside, Bergen County. Apparently very rare in the Pine 
Barrens. 

Fl.—Early July into September. 

Middle District—Freehold (C), Delanco, Kaighns Pt, Center Square, 
Mickleton (KB), Pennsgrove.* 


Pine Barrens——Bay Head (NB), Hammonton. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May, Cape May Pt. 


* Swedesboro (KB) = Center Square. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 693 


Utricularia intermedia Hayne. Flat-leaved Bladderwort. 
Pl. CXII, Fig. 1. 
Utricularia intermedia Hayne in Schrad. Jour. Bot. I. 18. 
Sweden].—Britton 191.—Keller and Brown 295. 

Bogs near Ogdensburg, Sussex County, Budds Lake, Morris 
County, the Hackensack Swamps and New Durham; south along 
the coast to Forked River and at Camden in the Middle district. 

Fl.—July 7, 1910, in full bloom at Pt. Pleasant; rarely found 
flowering in our range. 


Middle District—Camden. 
Pine Barrens——Pt. Pleasant, Bay Head, Toms River (KB), Forked River.* 


1800 [Upsal, 


Utricularia inflata Walt. Swollen Bladderwort. 
Pl. CXIV., Fig. 2. 
Utricularia inflata Walter, F\. Car. 64. 1788 [Caroline ]—Willis 41.—Britton 
191.—Keller and Brown 294. 
Utricularia ceratophylla Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 11. 1818, 

Ponds in the Middle, Pine Barren and Cape May districts; 
frequent. Reported from north of our limits only from near 
Plainfield. 

Some of our specimens, probably all from the Pine Barrens, 
are referable, apparently, to var. radiata,; but the characters are 
so unsatisfactory that it seems to be based merely upon small, 
less-robust specimens. 

Fl—Mid-June into September. 


Middle District—Birmingham, Center Square, Woodbury (C), Mickleton 
(KB), Tomlinson’s, Riddleton, Palatine. 

Pine Barrens—Long Branch (C), Spring Lake (C), Forked River (KB), 
Taunton (KB), Berlin (C), Clementon, Lucaston (KB), Vineland (C), 
Hammonton (C), Egg Harbor City. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Whitesboro, Cape May (KB). 


Utricularia purpurea Walt. Purple Bladderwort. 


Pl. CXIL, Fig. 4. 


Utricularia purpurea Walter, Fl. Car. 64. 1788 [Carolina]._—Knieskern 22.— 
Willis 41.—Britton 192—Keller and Brown 294. 


Ponds in the Pine Barren and Cape May districts; rather fre- 
quent, and at a few stations in the Middle district. 


*The Quaker Bridge (KB) record has not been substantiated and seems 
unlikely. 
+ Cf Small, Southern Flora, p. rogo. 


694 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


The purple flowers of this species are very conspicuous, rising 
above the surface of the water from a mass of floating filiform 
leaves and bladders. It is the only purple-flowered species in 
our range, except the very rare V. resupinata, 

Fl.—Mid-July into September. 

Middle District-—Repaupo, Swedesboro, Franklinville (P). 

Pine Barrens.—Toms River, Brown’s Mills (Leeds), Speedwell (S), Jack- 

son, Malaga (NB), Landisville, Hammonton, Quaker Bridge, Mullica River, 


Pleasant Mills. 
Cape May.—Nummeytown, Bennett. . 


Utricularia vulgaris americana Gray. Greater Bladderwort. 


Utricularia vulgaris var. americana Gray, Man. Ed. V. 318 [America]. 
Utricularia vulgaris Barton, Fl. Phila, I. 10, 1818—Britton 1o1. 
Frequent in ditches and streams of the northern counties and 
occasional in the Middle and Cape May districts. 
Fl.—E arly June to late August. 


Middle District—Pt. Pleasant, Bordentown, Gloucester, Kaigns Pt., Center 
Square, Repaupo, Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—New England Creek. 


Family OROBANCHACE. Broom-rapes. 


a. Flowers of two kinds, scattered along slender panicled branches, lower 


cleistogamous and fertile, upper tubular sterile. Leptamnium, p. 605 
aa. Flowers all alike in a spike or solitary. 
b. Flowers in a thick, scaly brown spike. Conopholis, p. 695 
bb. Flowers yellow-brown or purplish in a loose spike at the summit 6f 
a pubescent stem. [Orobanche minor]* 


bbb. Flower solitary, white tinged with violet. Thalesia uniflora, p. 694 


THALESIA Rafinesque. 
Thalesia uniflora L. One-flowered Broom-rape. 


Orobanche uniflora Linneus, Sp. Pl. 633. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Aphyllon uniforum Knieskern 22.—Britton 190. 


Frequent in woodlands of the northern counties and occasional 
within our limits in the Middle district only. 
Fl.—Early May to early June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Kinkora, Beverly. 


* Clover Broom-rape. Parasitic on clover roots. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY, 695 


CONOPHOLIS Wallroth. 
Conopholis americana (L. f.). Squaw Root. 
Orobanche americana Linneus, fil. Suppl. 88. 1767 [Carolina]. 
Conopholis americana Willis 42.—Britton 190.—Keller and Brown 290. 
Rare and local in woods of the Northern counties. Its 
occurrence within our limits rests wholly upon the indefinite 
sbtatement in Britton’s Catalogue on authority of C. F. Parker 
for Camden Co. The Swedesboro record in Keller and Brown’s 
List was an error of compilation, as Mr. Lippincott’s specimens 
were really from a Pennsylvania locality. 


Middle District—Camden Co. (C). 


LEPTAMNIUM Rafinesque. 
Leptamnium virginianum (L.). Beech-drops. 

Orobanche virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 633. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Epiphegus Virginiana Britton rot. 
Leptamnium Virginianum Keller and Brown 206. 

Common in Beech woods of the northern counties and occa- 
sional southward within our limits in the Middle district. 

This brown, branched, fungus-like plant is always associated 
with Beech trees on the roots of which it is parasitic. 

Fl.—Early September into October. 


Middle District—_New Egypt, Pemberton (NB), Mickleton (C), Oaklyn 
(S), Lawnside (S), Swedesboro. 


Family BIGNONIACEA. ‘Trumpet Creepers, etc. 


a. Flowers bright red, plant a climbing vine. Tecoma, p. 605 
aa. Flowers white with frilled edges, leaves large, broadly ovate. A large tree. 
[Catalpa catalpa]* 
TECOMA Jussieu. 
Tecoma radicans (L.). Trumpet Creeper. 


Bignonia radicans Linneus, Sp. Pl. 624. 1753 [America].—Barton, FI. Phila. 
II. 43. 1818. 
Tecoma radicans Britton 193.—Keller and Brown 296. 


Thickets in low grounds; frequent in the lower Cape May 
peninsula, the southern coast islands and in Cumberland and 
Salem Counties. 


* Catalpa or Indian Bean escaped from cultivation. 


696 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Also possibly native along the Delaware to Camden and on 
the coast to Pt. Pleasant. Farther north it is certainly an escape. 
Barton records it from “a watery thicket three miles below 
Kaighns Point.” 

This gorgeous climber is so familiar in cultivation that one 
does not realize that it is wild when he first comes upon it in its 
native habitat. It is a familiar sight in lower Cape May, climb- 
ing over dead trees and fence posts, its clusters of big red blos- 
soms almost constantly haunted by the Ruby-throated Humming 
birds seeking honey from their long tubes. 

F].—Mid-July to mid-August, sporadically later. 

Middle District—Pt. Pleasant (KB), Delair, Cooper’s Ferry, Pea Shore 
(P), Westville (KB), Washington Park (KB), Swedesboro (CDL), Riddle- 
ton (KB), Haleyville (NB), Salem (S). 


Cape May.—Nummeytown (S), Dias Creek, Cape May, Cape May Pt. 
Coast Strip—Beesley’s Pt. (S), Piermont, Anglesea (UP). 


Family ACANTHACEA. Acanthus, etc. 


a, Flowers large (35-50 mm.), funnel form, pale blue, axillary. Plant hairy, 
3-6 dm. high, with oval leaves. Ruellia, p. 606 

aa. Flowers small (10-12 mm.) in axillary clusters or single, purplish. Plant 
glabrous, 3-9 dm. high, with linear lanceolate, entire leaves. 


Dianthera, p. 607 
RUELLIA L. 


Ruellia ciliosa Pursh. Hairy Ruellia. 


Pl, CXV. 


Ruellia ciliosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 420. 1814 [Savannah, Ga.].—Britton 193, 
—Keller and Brown 297. 


Lower Cape May peninsula; locally common in thickets along 
the edge of the salt marshes. 

This fine plant was first discovered in the State by Mr. Isaac 
Burk* east of Cape May Court House and proved later to be of 
regular occurrence along the Coastal strip from there to Cold 
Spring. 

The Ruellias seem to be in need of careful study and revision. 
The New Jersey plant is quite different from the southern sessile- 
leaved species, called R. ciliosa in some herbaria. The leaves are 
short petioled, and calyx lobes filiform, strongly ciliate. It is 


* 1816-1893. A zealous collector of the flora of southern New Jersey, and 


during the last years of his life engaged in mounting the collection at the 
Philadelphia Academy. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 697 


perhaps R. parviflora (Nees), but in the absence of authentic 
specimens of this species for comparison I have retained the 
name heretofore given to the New Jersey plant. _ 
Fl.—Mid-July to early August, rarely later. 
Cape May.—Court House, Cold Spring. 


DIANTHERA L, 
Dianthera americana L. Water Willow. 


Dianthera americana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 27. 1753 [Virginia].—Britton 193.— 
Keller and Brown 297. 
Justicia pedunculosa Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 9. 1818. 


In shallow water, locally along the Delaware River north to 
Bordentown, and on the Raritan. This is another of the plants 
that push up the Susquehanna in Pennsylvania and to a less 


degree up the Delaware c.f. Lippia, Boltonia, Eupatorium coeles- 
tinum, etc. 


Fl.—Early June to late August. 
Middle District—Bordentown (NB), Redbank, Swedesboro.* 


Family PHRYMACEZ, Lopseed. 
PHYRMA L. 
Phryma leptostachya L. Lopseed. 


Phryma leptostachya Linneus, Sp. Pl. 601. 1753 [North America].—Knies- 
kern 23.—Britton 194. ‘ 

Woods; frequent in the northern counties; rare and local 
within our limits in the Middle and lower Cape May districts. 
' Fl.—Karly July to late August. Fr—Early August to late 
September. 


Middle District New Egypt, Blackwood, Swedesboro, Gloucester (P). 
Cape May.—Cape May. 


*Mr. Jahn’s record for Five-Mile Beach, given in Keller and Brown's list, 
was due to a confusion of names. Lippia was the plant he had in mind. 


698 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Order PLANTAGINALES. 


Family PLANTAGINACEA. Plantains. 
PLANTAGO L. : 


Fruiting Data.—The time of year noted indicates the season 
of fully developed (and commonly mature) capsules. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Corolla of fertile flowers closed over the fruit, flowers in slender spikes. 

b. Leaves spatulate lanceolate, very pubescent, stamens 4. 
Plantago virginica, p. 699 
bb. Leaves linear, stamens 2. P. elongata, p. 700 

aa. Corolla of fertile flowers not closed over the fruit. 
b. Leaves more or less dilated, strongly ribbed, flowers in a slender spike. 
c. Pod splitting around the middle. 

d. Plant nearly smooth,. leaves broad, elliptic to cordate, ovate, 


undulate or slightly toothed. [P. major}? 

dd. Plant often quite pubescent, leaves lance ovate or narrowly 
elliptic. P. halophila, p. 698 

cc. Pod splitting much below the middle. P. rugelii, p. 699 


bb. Leaves lanceolate, flowers in a short terminal spike or head. 
[P. lanceolata]? 
bbb. Leaves linear or setaceous. ia 
c. Leaves setaceous, loosely pubescent, bracts exceeding the calyx 
and giving a bristly appearance to the head. [P. aristata]® 
cc. Leaves linear or subterete, fleshy, flowers in a long, slender raceme. 
P. decipiens, p. 699 


Plantago halophila Bicknell. Salt Marsh Plantain. is 


Plantago halophila Bicknell, Britt. Manual tos1 [VanCourtland Park, N. Y. 
City].—Keller and Brown 208. 


A plaintain closely related to the common weed, P. major, 
occurs along the edge of the salt marshes. . 

In the new Gray’s Manual it is treated as a variety intermedia 
Gilibert, while ‘Mr. Bicknell has described it as a species P, 
halophila, not having material necessary for a study of its re- 
lationship, I use the latter name, which beyond question refers 
to our plant. 

Fr.—June into October. 


*Common Plantain, a familiar weed. 
? Ribwort, a common weed. 
* Large-bracted Plantain, introduced from the west. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 699 


Maritime —Surf City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Tucker’s (L), Absecon, 
Somer’s Pt., Palermo, Anglesea, Cape May Court House, Cape May. 


Plantago rugelii Dene. Rugel’s Plantain. 


Plantago Rugelii Decaisne in D. C. Prodr. XIII. pt. 1. 700. 1852 [Decatur, 
Alabama].—Britton 203. 


Reported from the Middle and Coast districts, and probably 
found also in the northern counties; generally confused with P. 
major and apparently largely or entirely a weed. 

Fr.—June into October. 


Plantago decipiens Barneoud. Seaside Plantain. 
Plantago decipens Barneoud, Mon. Plant. 16. 1845 [Labrador].—Britton 
203. 
Plantago maritima Knieskern 21.—Willis 4o—Keller and Brown 208. 
Frequent along the salt marshes of the coast, reaching here 
the southern limit of its distribution. Has also been found in 
a swamp on the Palisades between Guttenburg and Bull’s Ferry. 
Fr.—July into October. 


Maritime—Pt. Pleasant, Brigantine, St. Albans (LL), Half-way House 
south of Bond’s (L), Absecon, Atlantic City, Ocean City, Palermo, Wild- 
wood, Cape May (OHB). 


Plantago virginica L. Dwarf Plantain. 


Plantago virginica Linneus, Sp. Pl. 113. 1753 [Virginia].—Barton, Fi. Phila. 
I. 80. 1818—Knieskern 21.—Britton 204. 

Common in open sandy ground throughout the Middle and 
Cape May districts, and occasional on, the coast; seldom ranging 
above the fall line, except along the Delaware River. Often 
occurs as a weed in cultivated ground and may, no doubt, be 
introduced into the Pine Barrens in this way. 

Fr.—May into June or July. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Crosswicks, Greenville, Kinkora, Medford 


(S), Woodbury, Woodbury Hts., Mickleton, Mantua, Glassboro, Bridgeton 


(S). 
Coast Strip—Beach Haven (L). 
Cape May.—Cape May (OHB). 


700 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Plantago elongata Pursh. Slender Plantain. 


Plantago elongata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 729. 1814 [Upper Louisiana].— 
Britton 204.—Keller and Brown 208. 


Open sandy ground of the Middle and Cape May districts; 
rare. Not reported from the State north of our limits. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), Pt. Pleasant (Williamson), Haddonfield 


(C). 
Cape May.—Cape May (S). 


Order RUBIALES. 
Family RUBIACEA. Madder, etc. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Shrub, with white flowers in dense globular heads. Cephalanthus, p. 702 
aa, Herbs. 
b. Leaves opposite. 
c. Trailing, evergreen, with two white funnel-form flowers (10-12 
mm. long), with united ovaries producing a red twin berry. 
Mitchella, p. 703 
cc. Flowers not twin. 
d. Flowers axillary, funnel-form, white or lilac, plant much 
branched from near the base, branches procumbent. 
e. Leaves linear-lanceolate, flowers 4-6 mm. long. 
Diodia teres, p. 703 
ee. Leaves lanceolate or oval, flowers 12 mm. long. 
D. virginiana, p. 703 
dd. Flowers terminal and axillary, sessile in clusters, very small, 
2 mm. broad, white, plant usually very low and tufted. ; 
Oldenlandia, p. 702 
ddd. Flowers terminal, larger, 8-12 mm. broad, leaves lanceolate, 
basal spatulate. 
e. Flowers blue, with a yellow center, salverform, a dense 
rosette of basal leaves. Houstonia coerulea, p. 701 
ee. Flowers lilac, funnel-form. H longifolia, p. 701 
bb. Leaves verticillate, stems square. 
c. Corolla, funnel-form pink, flowers in involucrate heads. 
[Sherardia avensis]* 
cc. Corolla rotate. 
d, Annual; fruit and plant bristly hispid, reclining on bushes, etc., 
leaves 6 and 8 in a whorl. G. apparine, p. 704 
dd. Perennials. 
e. Fruit bristly hispid. 


* Blue Field Madder, a weed in cultivated ground. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 701 


f. Leaves 4 in a whorl, 1 nerved. 
g. Hirsute pubescent. Galium pilosum, p. 704 
gg. Glabrous or nearly so. 
G. pilosum puncticulosum, p. 705 
ff. Leaves 4 in a whorl, 3 nerved. 
g. Upper leaves lanceolate acuminate. 
G. lanceolatum, p. 705 
gg. Upper leaves ovate, oval or obovate, obtuse. 
G. circaezans, p. 705 
fff. Leaves 6 in a whorl. G. triflorum, p. 705 
ee. Fruit smooth and glabrous. 
f. Fruit dry. 
g. Leaves obtuse. 
h. Corolla 2-2.5 mm. broad, white, leaves, mostly 


in 4’s. G. tinctorium, p. 706 
hh. Corolla 1.5 mm, broad or less, greenish white, 
leaves 4 or 6 in a whorl. G. claytoni, p. 706 


gg. Leaves acute or cuspidate. 
h, Stem nearly or quite smooth. 
4. Leaves all in 6’s. G. concinnum, p. 706 
ui, Leaves in 8’s, or in 6’s on the branches. 
[G. erectum]* 
hh. Stem retrorse hispid, leaves 6 in a whorl or 4-5 


on the branches. G. asprellum, p. 707 
ff. Fruit fleshy, resembling a double berry, plant glabrous 
or hirsute, leaves in 4’s. G. hispidulum, p. 707 


HOUSTONIA L. 


Houstonia czrulea L. Bluets. Quaker-Lady.+ 


Houstonia cerulea Linneus, Sp. Pl. 105. 1753 [Virginia]—Barton Fl. Phila. 
I. 84. 1818.—Willis 29.—Britton 125. 
Oldenlandia cerulea Knieskern 17. 


Frequent in open, damp sandy ground, meadows, etc., in the 
northern counties, but rare and local within our limits and con- 
fined to the upper edge of the Middle district or close to the 
Delaware. 

Fl.—tLate April to late May. 


Middle District—Shark River (C), Allentown (C), New Egypt, Vin- 
centown (C), Kinkora, Camden Co. (C), Stoe Creek Twp. (C). 


* Wild Madder, occasional on roadsides. 

+ Houstonia longifolia Gaertner (Fruct. I. 226, pl. £. 8. 1788, no location), 
was collected at Manchester, Ocean County, by J. W. Chickering, Jr., in 1877, 
according to Britton (125); not known from elsewhere in the State and 
perhaps merely +a casual introduction. I have seen no specimens. 


yo2 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


OLDENLANDIA L. 
Oldenlandia uniflora L. Clustered Bluets. 


Oldenlandia uniflora Linneus, Sp. Pl. 119. 1753 [Virginia]—Britton 125.— 
Keller and Brown 299. 
Oldenlandia glomerata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. I. 102, 1814.—Willis 29. 


Frequent along the edge of the Coast strip, where it joins 
the salt marshes, and along the edge of brackish or fresh marshes 
near the Delaware River north to Burlington. Also reported 
from Manchester (Britton’s Catalogue). North of our limits 
it is reported from only one station in the State—Closter, Bergen 
County. 

Fl.—Late July to early September. 

Middle District—Near Burlington, Camden, Kaighns Pt, Westville 
(KB), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Riddleton, Elsinboro (C), Sea Breeze (C), 
Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Manchester (C). 

Coast Strip.—Belmar, Como (T), Spring Lake (C), Brielle (C), Forked 
River, Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), Sherburn’s (L), N. Beach Haven 


(L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (KB), Ocean City (KB), Palermo, 
Wildwood (UP), Cold Spring (S), Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). 


CEPHALANTHUS L. 
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Button-bush. 
Pl. XCVL, Fig. 1. 


Cephalanthus occidentalis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 95. 1753 [America]—Barton, 
FI. Phila. I. 80. 1818—Knieskern 17.—Britton 124. 


Swamps and edges of streams; frequent throughout the State, 
but less plentiful in the Pine Barrens, which it usually enters 
along the larger streams. 

A conspicuous bush in mid-summer, with its spherical masses 
of small, white flowers, resembling. white “button-balls.”’ 

Fl.—Early July to early August. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Delanco (S), Delair, Camden (P), Fish 
House, Lindenwold (S), Paulsboro, Haddonfield (P), Swedesboro (CDL). 

Pine Barrens—Bear Swamp (S), Landisville, Hammonton (Bassett), At- 
sion (S), Pleasant Mills, Pancoast (S), Weymouth. 

Coast Strip—Peahala (L), Ship Bottom (L,), Five-mile Beach (UP). 

Cape May.—Court House, Nummeytown (S$), ‘Cold Spring (OHB), Ben- 
nett (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 703 


MITCHELLA L. 
Mitchella repens L. Partridge Berry, Twin Berry. 
Pl. LXL, Fig. 2. 
Mitchella repens Linneus, Sp. Pl. III. 1753 [Carolina, Virginia and Mary- 
land].—Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 85. 1818—Knieskern 17—Britton 125. 
Frequent in woods throughout the State, except in the Pine 
Barrens, where it occurs rarely along the larger streams as an 
intrusion from the coast. The twin flowers with united ovaries, 
and the double red berry, are unique among our plants. 
Fl.—Late May to late June. Fr.—Autumn, persisting over 
winter, often into the spring. 
Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Birmingham, Medford (S), 
Oaklyn (S), Sicklerville, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Dividing Creek. 
Pine Barrens—Hammonton (Bassett), Weymouth, Pleasant Mills. 
Coast Strip—Forked River, Cox’s, Surf City (L), Atlantic City (S), 


Ocean City (S), Piermont (S), Wildwood (UP). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May Pt. (S). 


DIODIA L. 
Diodia teres Walt. Rough Buttonweed. 


Diodia teres Walter, Fl. Car. 87. 1788 [Carolina].—Knieskern 17.—Brit- 
ton 125. 

Sandy open ground; frequent throughout the Middle, Coast 
and Cape May districts and occasional in the Pine Barrens. 

To the north it extends up the Delaware to Warren County, 
and also to Passaic and Plainfield. Everywhere more or less of 
a weed. 

Fl.—Mid-July to late September. Fr.—Mid-August to late 
October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Florence Heights, Camden, Medford (S), 
Gloucester, Washington Park (S), Fairton (S). ; 

Pine Barrens—Lucaston Jnc. (S), Landisville (T), Quaker Bridge (S), 
Egg Harbor City. 

Coast Strip —Barnegat City (L), N. Beach Haven (L), Tucker’s (L), At- 
lantic City (S), Ocean City (S). 

Cape May—Cold Spring (8). 


Diodia virginiana L. Larger Buttonweed. 


Diodia virginiana Linneus, Sp. Pl. 104. 1753 [Virginia] —Willis 29.— 
Britton 125.—Keller and Brown 299. 


704 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Found only in damp open ground in the lower part of the Cape 
May peninsula from Cape May to Dias Creek. First discovered 
in the State apparently by Parker and Read in 1871. 

Fl.—Early June to late August. Fr.—Early August to late 
October. . 

Cape May.—Cape May, Dias Creek. 


GALIUM L. 
Galium aparine L. Cleavers. 
Pl. CXVI, Fig. 1. 


Galium Aparina Linneus, Sp. Pl. 108. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 126. 

Moist woods and thickets; common in the northern counties 
and frequent in the Middle and Coast districts; occasional on 
the Cape May peninsula. 

Fl—Early May to early June. Fr.—Late May to late June. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Beverly, Pemberton (NB), Medford (S), 
Sewell (S), Mickleton, Pitman, Riddleton, Elsinboro (C). 

Coast Strip.—Surf City (L,), Beach Haven Terrace (L), Spray Beach (L), 
Barnegat City (L). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Galium pilosum Ait. Hairy Bedstraw. 


Pl. CXVIIL, Fig. 1. 
Galium pilosum Aiton, Hort, Kew. I. 145. 1789 [North America].—Knies- 

kern 17.—Britton 126. 

Frequent throughout the Middle, Coast and Cape May dis- 
tricts, ranging up the Delaware to Warren County, and on the 
Kittatinny Mountain. Two records from the Pine Barrens are 
in cultivated districts, and the plants may have been introduced, 
as all the other Pine Barren specimens belong to the following, 
which seems to replace true pilosum in that district. 

Fil.—tLate June to late July. F'r.—Late August into October. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Florence Heights, Arney’s Mt. (S), Med- 
ford (S), Fairton (S). 
Pine Barrens—Hammonton (Bassett), Landisville. 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Pt. Pleasant (S), Manahawkin, Surf City (L), 

Atlantic City, Palermo, Stone Harbor, Anglesea. 


Cape May.—Two miles west Court House (S), Dennisville (S), Bennett 
(S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 705 
Gatium pilosum puncticulosum (Michx.). Pine Barren Bedstraw. 
Galium puncticulosum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 80. 1803 [Lower Carolina]. 
Galium pilosum var. puncticulosum Britton 127—Keller and Brown 127. 
Frequent in dry ground in the Pine Barrens which mark 
the northernmost limit of its range. 
Fl, and Fr.—Probably as in the last. 


Pine Barrens——Ancora, Hammonton, Hospitality Br. Kighth St. (T), Ege 
Harbor City, Mays Landing (S), Beaver Dam. — 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB).* 

Galium lanceolatum (Torr.). Torrey’s Bedstraw. 
Galium circezans var. lanceolatum Torrey, Cat. Plants, N. Y. 23. 1819 
[Near New York]. 

Galium lanceolatum Willis 28—Britton 127—Keller and Brown 300. 

Rocky woodlands; frequently in the northern counties; very 
rare within our limits and confined to the upper Middle district. 

Fl.—Early June to early July. Fr—Early August into Sep- 
tember. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Florence Hts. 


Galium circzezans Michx. Wild Liquorice. 
Pl. CXVIL., Fig. 1. 
Galium circezans Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 80. 1803 [Carolina].—Britton 127, 


Dry woods of the Northern, Middle and Cape May districts. 
Frequent north, but less common southward. Not reported from 
the Pine Barrens or coast. 

Fl.—Early June to early July. Fr—Late July into September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton (Bassett), Medford (S), Oaklyn 
(S), five miles south of Mickleton, Swedesboro, Riddleton. 
Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


Galium triflorum Michx. Fragrant Bedstraw. 


Pl. CXVIL, Fig. 3. 
Galium triforum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 80. 1803 [Canada].—Knieskern 


17.—Britton 126. 
Frequent in dry woods of the northern counties ranging south- 
ward in the Middle district to our limits. 


_*Sea Isle City (KB) has not been substantiated, and is probably the 
former. . 
45 MUS 


706 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Fl.—Early July to early August. Fr—Probably late August 
into September. 


Middle District—Bordentown, Delair, Moorestown, Taunton (NB), Flor- 
ence Heights, Farmingdale, Oaklyn. 


Galium tinctorium L. Stiff Marsh Bedstraw. 
Pl. CXVIIL, Fig. 2. 

Galium tinctorium Linneus, Sp. Pl. 106. 1753 [N. America]. 
Galium trifidum var. latifolium Britton 126. 

Frequent in swampy spots in the Northern, Middle and Cape 
May districts; occasional on the Coast strip and Cape May. 

Fl.—tLate ‘May to early August. Fr—Early August into 
October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Crosswicks, Sewell (S), Medford (S), Lin- 
denwold (S), Washington Park, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Riddleton, Sharps- 
town. 


Coast Strip—Toms River. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Galium claytoni Michx. Clayton’s Bedstraw. 


Galium Claytoni Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 78. 1803 [Canada and New Jer- 
sey]. 

Galium trifidum Knieskern 16.—Britton 126. 

Frequent in swampy ground throughout the State, except in 
the Pine Barrens, where it has not been detected. 

Fl.—Late May to early August. Fr.—Early August into Oc- 
tober. . 

Middle District—Farmingdale, Brown's Mills, Pemberton Jnc., Birming- 
ham, Delanco (S), Riverside, Medford (S), Kaighns Pt.,-Washington Park, 
Mantua, Glassboro, Centerton(S), Yorktown, Riddleton, Andrews. 

Coast Strip—Toms River (S), Pt. Pleasant (S), Seaside Park, Barnegat 
City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Peahala (L), Spray Beach (L,), West Creek, 


Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Piermont (S), Wildwood. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May. 


Galium concinnum T. & G. Shining Bedstraw. 


Galium concinnum Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. A. II. 23. 1841 [Ann Arbor, 
Mich., and Blue Lick, Ky.].—Britton 126.—Keller and Brown 301. 
The occurrence of this species in the State rests upon a Speci- 
men in the State herbarium at New Brunswick labeled as col- 
lected by Thomas P. James in “N. J. near Phila.” The speci- 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. yoy 


men had passed through the hands of Dr. Thomas C. Porter 
and Charles E. Smith, the latter of whom presented it to Dr. 
Britton for the State collection. 


Galium asprellum Michx. Rough Bedstraw. 


Pl. CXVIL, Fig. 2. 


Galium asprellum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 78. 1803 [N. Canada].—Britton 
126. 


Moist thickets; frequent in the northern counties and occa- 
sional southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early July to late August. Fr—Probably late August 


into October ; usually imperfect and uncommon. 
Middle District—Farmingdale (NB), New Egypt, Sharptown. 


Galium hispidulum Michx. Coast Bedstraw. 


Pl. CXVLI., Fig. 2. 
Galium hispidulum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. I. 79. 1803 [Lower Carolina]. — 
Keller and Brown 301.—O. H. Brown, Bartonia 1910. 
Galium peregrinum Britton 127. 


Discovered in sandy ground on the Bay shore near the steam- 
boat landing at Cape May Pt. September 2, 1874, by Mr. Albert 
Commons, and re-discovered in considerable abundance in the 
same neighborhood in September, 1910, by Mr. O. H. Brown. 
Town Bank is the most northern station for the species. 

Fl.—Mid-July into August, probably. Fr—Late September 
or October, persisting into December. 

Cape May—Cape May Pt., Town Bank. 


Family CAPRIFOLIACEA!. Honeysuckles, etc. 


Key to the Species. 


a, Upright herbs, 6-10 dm. high. Leaves opposite, ovate to oval, abruptly 
narrowed near the base and clasping or perfoliate. Flowers purplish 
axillary, fruit an orang-yellow drupe. Triosteum, p. 711 

aa, Climbing woody vines with opposite ovate leaves and tubular, five-lobed, 
somewhat two-lipped flowers. : 
b. Flowers scarlet or somewhat tinged with yellow, berries scarlet. 
Lonicera sempervirens, p. 712 


bb. Flowers white, turning to buff, berries black. [L. japonica]* 

bbb. Flowers yellowish green, tinged with purple. L,. dioica, p. 712 
aaa. Woody shrubs, flowers small, white, in compound cymes. 

b. Leaves pinnate, berries purplish black. Sambucus, p. 708 


* Woodbine honeysuckle, escaped from cultivation. 


708 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


bb. Leaves simple, flowers white in corymbs. 
c. Leaves acutely and rather deeply three-lobed, coarsely dentate. 
Viburnum acerifolium, p. 708 
cc. Leaves ovate or orbicular, coarsely dentate, veins prominent. 
d. Leaves glabrous or with pubescence in the axils of the veins 


beneath. 
e. Petioles glabrous. V. dentatum, p. 709 
ee. Petioles very pubescent. V. scabrellum, p. 709 


dd. Leaves pubescent over the whole lower surface. 
V. venosum, p. 710 
ccc. Leaves ovate or oval, entire, crenate or finely serrate. 
d. Leaves obscurely crenate or entire, cyme peduncled. 
e. Peduncle shorter than the cyme, leaves smaller. 


V. cassinoides, p. 710 
ee. Peduncle longer than the cyme, leaves larger. 


V. nudum, p. 710 
dd. Leaves finely serrate, cyme nearly or quite sessile. 


V. prunifolium, p. 711 
bbb. Leaves simple, flowers tubular yellowish, in threes. Diervilla, p. 712 


SAMBUCUS L. 
Sambucus canadensis L. Elder. 


Sambucus canadensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 269. 1753 [Canada].—Knieskern 16.— 
Britton 121. 

Common in rich soil in open places throughout the Northern, 
Middle and Coast districts, and occasional on the Cape May 
peninsula. The only record from the Pine Barrens seems to 
be based upon an introduced plant, and it is quite likely that there 
are other similar occurrences. The Elder is, however, certainly 
not a native of the “Pines,” although it may intrude along some 
of the larger streams, spreading up from the coast. 


Fl.—Early June to early July. Fr.—tLate July to late August, 
sporadically into September. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Fish House, Arneys Mt. (S), 
Camden (T), Medford (S), Andrews, Oaklyn (S), Washington Park, 
Mickleton, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Centerton (S), Beaver Dam, Pancoast- 
ville. 

Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L,), Cox’s, Manahawkin, 
Ocean City (S), Piermont (S), Wildwood (UP). 

Cape May.—Cape May. 


VIBURNUM L. 
Viburnum acerifolium L. Maple-leaved Viburnum. 


Viburnum acerifolium Linneus Sp. Pl. 268. 1753 [Virginia].—Britton 122. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 709 


Common in the woods of the northern counties, less abundant 
southward in the Middle district and reported from one station 
on the coast. 

Fl.—tLate May to early June. Fr.—Late September into Oc- 
tober. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Bordentown (C), Beverly, Birmingham, 
Pemberton Jnc. (S), Camden (C), Mt. Ephraim (C), Oaklyn (S), 


Gloucester, Clementon (NB), Swedesboro (CDL), Yorktown (8). 
Coast Strip—Absecon (C). 


Viburnum dentatum L. Arrowwood. 


Viburnum dentatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 268. 1753 [Virginia[—Knieskern 16.— 
Britton 122. 

Common in damp thickets throughout the State, except in 
the Pine Barrens, where it is found only as a coastal intrusion 
along the larger streams. 

Fil.—lLate May to mid-June. Fr—Early August to early 
September. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Westmont (S), Springdale 
(S), Medford (S), Bear Swamp (S), Oaklyn (S), Lawnside (S), Linden- 
wold (S), Washington Park, Swedesboro, Yorktown, Millville, Haleyville, 
Buckshutem, Vineland. 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Bay Head, Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven 


Crest (L), Waretown, Mays Landing, Weekstown. 
Cape May—Court House, Bennett. 


Viburnum scabrellum (Torr. & Gray). Downy-stemmed Arrowwooa. 


Viburnum dentatum var. scabrellum Torrey and Gray, Flora N. A, Vol. II. 
16. 1841 [Carolina, ex Michz.]. 

Common in damp thickets throughout the State, except in the 
Pine Barrens. 

We have two species equally common and usually closely as- 
sociated—V. dentatum, with glabrous petioles, and the present 
form, which I take to be var. scabrellum T. and G., with densely 
pubescent petioles. The under side of the leaf is about the same 
in each, nearly glabrous, except for tufts of rusty hairs in the 
axils of the veins below. ‘This species is perhaps a little more 
pubescent than 7. dentatum, and one bush at Riddleton is doubt- 
less referable to V. venosum Britton, although it differs from the 


710 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


present species only in the increased pubescence on the under 
side of the leaves. 

Fl.—Mid-June to early July. Fr—Early September to early 
October. 


Middle District—Medford (S), Kaighns Pt., Collingswood (K&B), West- 
ville, Washington Park, Lawnside (S), Mullica Hill (P), Swedesboro 
(KB), Fairton (S). 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Bay Head, Manahawkin, Surf 
City (L), Atlantic City, Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Holly Beach. 

Cape May—Green Creek, Dias Creek (S), Court House (8). 


Viburnum venosum Britton. Coast Arrowwood. 


Viburnum venosum Britton, Man. 871. 1901 [Nantucket]—Keller and 
Brown 302. 
? Viburnum molle Britton 122. 
Found at one station in the Middle district. All other records 


refer to the preceding. 
Middle District—Riddleton. 


Viburnum cassinoides L. Withe-rod. 


Viburnum cassinoides Linneus Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 384. 1762 [North America]. 
—Keller and Brown 302. : 
Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides Britton 122. 

Frequent in damp thickets and swamps in the Pine Barrens 
and locally in the Middle district, also in Sussex County, accord- 
ing to Britton. 

Fl.—late May to mid-June. Fr—Late August into Septem-* 
ber. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Sicklerville, Kirkwood (KB),. 
Lindenwold (S$), Repaupo (KB), Mickleton (KB), Tomlin, Williamstown,. 
Sewell (S), Tomlinson’s, Woodstown (KB). 

Pine Barrens—Pt. Pleasant (S), Toms River, Brown’s Mills (Leeds), 


Bamber, Waretown, Forked River, Bear Swamp (S), Clementon, Albion, 
Cedar Brook, Landisville, Hammonton (KB), Batsto (KB), Mays Landing. 


Viburnum nudum L. Larger Withe-rod. 


Viburnum nudum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 268. 1753 [Virginia].—Barton, Fl. Phila. 
I. 152, 1818.—Knieskern 16.—Britton 122. 


Frequent in swamps of the Pine Barrens and Cape May 
district and less frequently in the Middle district. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 711 


Reported in Britton’s Catalogue from only four stations north 
of our limits, 7. e., Hackensack Marshes, Succasunna, Morris 
County, Sunfish Pond, Warren County, and Trenton. 

Fl.—Mid-June to early July. Fr—Early September to 
October. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, Kaighns Swamp, Camden (P), Pitman, 
Westville, Repaupo, Andrew’s, Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens.—Forked River, Waretown, Barnegat, Manahawkin, Cox’s, 
Williamstown Jnc., Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Folsom, Mays Landing. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May (S). 
Viburnum prunifolium L.* Black Haw. 


Viburnum prunifolium Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 268. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Britton 122. 
Viburnum pyrifolium Barton, Fl. Phila. I. 152. 

Edges of woods and thickets in the Northern and Middle 
districts ; frequent, especially northward. Very rare on the Cape 
May peninsula. 

Fl.—Early May to late May. Fr.—Early September into 
October, or persistent somewhat later. 

Middle District—New Egypt. Kinkora, Burlington (C), Camden (P), 
Medford (S), Washington Park, Mickleton (C), Swedesboro, Alloway. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 

TRIOSTEUM L. 
Triosteum perfoliatum L. Feverwort, Horse Gentian. 
Triosteum perfoliatum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 176. 1753 [N. America]—Knieskern 
16.—Britton 123. 

Frequent in rich woods in the northern counties and occasional 
southward in the Middle and Cape May districts. One station 
only. in the Pine Barrens, in a grove near Hammonton, where 
it may likely have been introduced, as teams are frequently 
hitched there. 

Fl].—Late May to mid-June. Fr.—Early September into Oc- 
tober. 


Middle District—Red Bank, Washington Park, Sea Breeze (C). 
Pine Barrens—Hammonton. 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Cold Spring. 


*V. lentago is given in Britton’s Catalogue as “frequent in Camden Co.” 
on the authority of Mr. Martindale. This statement probably refers to V. 
prunifolium, as. there is no evidence of the occurrence of V. lentago within 
our limits. 


712 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Triosteum aurantiacum Bicknell. Scarlet-fruited Horse Gentian. 
Triosteum aurantiacum Bicknell, Torreya I. 26. 1901 [Van Courtland Park, 
N. Y. City]. 
Very rare within our limits in similar situations to the pre- 
ceding. 
Fl.—Mid-May to early June. Fr—Early August into Sep- 
tember. 


Middle District—Red Bank. 


LONICERA L. 
Lonicera dioica L. Smooth-leaved Honeysuckle. 

Lonicera dioica Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed..12. 165. 1767 [No location].—Keller 

and Brown 304. 
Lonicera glauca Britton 124. 

Frequent in damp rocky woods of the northern counties, also 
at three localities in Union and Essex Counties and at one station 
within our limits in the Middle district according to Britton. 


Middle District—Birmingham (C). 


Lonicera sempervirens L. Coral Honeysuckle. 
Lonicera sempervirens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 173. 1753 [Virginia and Mexico]. 
—Keller and Brown 304.—Britton 123. 

Frequent in thickets of the Cape May and lower Middle dis- 
tricts; less common farther north, but ranging up the Delaware 
to Hunterdon County and to the New Durham Swamp, Hudson 
County, according to Britton. Often in other localities escaped 
from, cultivation. . 
_ Fl.—Late May to late July. 

_ Middle District—Burlington (C), Moorestown (NB), Locust Grove, 
‘Washington Park, Sewell (S). 


Coast Strip.—Anglesea, Piermont. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May, Cape May Pt. 


DIERVILLA Moench. 
Diervilla diervilla (L.). Bush Honeysuckle. 


Lonicera diervilla Linneus, Sp. Pl. 175 [Acadia and New York]. 
Diervilla Diervilla Keller and Brown 304. 
Diervilla trifida Britton 123. 

Mr. E. C. Jellett assures me that his record for Diervilla dier- 
willa at Millville published in Keller and Brown’s List is correct. 
He was familiar with the plant at the time, and although he pre- 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 713 


served no specimen, he does not see how he could have mistaken 
anything else for it He was visiting the station for Chionanthus 
and found the Diervilla growing with it. The plant is frequent 
in the northern counties, but this is our only evidence of its 
occurrence on the coastal plain. 


Order VALERIANALES 
Family VALERIANACEA. Valerians. 


Valerianella radiata (L.). Beaked Corn Salad. 
Valeriana Locusta var. radiata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 34. 1753 [Maryland]. 


Mr. O. H. Brown assures me that this plant is native about 
Cape May in sandy woods, associated with M yosotis virginica. 

It also occurs rarely in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Late April to early June. 


Middle District.—Washington Park. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Order CAMPANULALES. 


Family CUCURBITACEA. Gourds, Melons and Cucumbers. 


Key to the Species. 
a. Leaves 3-7 lobed. 
b. Fruit ovoid, fleshy, densely spiny. Micrampelis, p. 713 
bb. Fruits smaller, spiny, 3-10, together in a pedicelled head. 
Sicyos, p. 714 
MICRAMPELIS Rafinesque. 
Micrampelis lobata (Mich.). Wild Balsam Apple. 
Sicyos lobata Michx., Fl. Bor. Am. II. 217. 1803 [W. Penna., on the Ohio 
River]. 
Micrampelis echinata Britton 111. 

Occasional in the Middle district and rarely on the Cape May 
peninsma, usually near the Delaware. To some extent escaped 
from cultivation, possibly entirely so. 

F].—Late July to late September. Fr.—Early September into 
October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Burlington, Four miles south Swedesboro. 

Cape May.—Cape May. 


714 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


SICYOS L. 
Sicyos angulatus L. Star Cucumber. 


Sicyos angulata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 1013 [Canada and Mexico].—Knieskern 15. 
—Britton III. 


Frequent along the Delaware River and at a few other stations 
in the Middle district. To some extent a weed. 

Fl.—Early August to late September. Fr.—Mid-September 
into October. . 


Middle District—New Egypt, Delair, Kaighns Pt. Washington Park, 
Swedesboro. 


Family CAMPANULACE. Bluebells and Lobelias. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Corolla bell-like, white or bluish, stem weak and roughened. 
Campanula aparinoides, p. 714 
aa. Corolla rotate, violet, leaves orbicular, cordate clasping. 
Specularia perfoliata, p. 715 
aaa, Corolla tubular, five-lobed and more or less two-lipped. 
b. Flowers bright scarlet. Lobelia cardinalis, p. 715 
bb. Flowers blue. 
c. Flowers 15-25 mm. long. 
d. Leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent, flowers 20-25 mm. 
long. L. syphilitica, p. 716 
dd. Leaves densely pubescent, flowers 15-20 mm. long. 
L. puberula, p. 716 
cc. Flowers 4-10 mm. long. 
d, Leaves ovate or oblong, dentate. L. inflata, p. 711 
dd. Leaves on stem, linear, linear oblong or spatulate, scattered, 
basal leaves broadly oblong, obovate or spatulate. 
e. Stems simple, inflorescence spike-like. LL. spicata, p. 716 
ee. Stems paniculately branched, flowers in loose racemes. 
f. Corolla 5-7 mm. long, calyx tube hemispheric, in fruit. 
L. nutiallii, p. 717 
ff. Corolla 9-10 mm. long, calyx tube turbinate. 
L. canbyi, p. 717 


CAMPANULA L. 
Campanula aparinoides Pursh. Marsh Bellflower.* 
Campanula aparinoides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 159. 1814 [Pennsylvania to Vir- 
ginia]—Knieskern 20,—Britton 157. 


* The record of C. americana from Swedesboro (KB) was an error. Mr. 
Lippincott states that he only reported C. aparinoides. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 715 


Frequent in swamps of the northern counties, becoming much 
less common southward in the Middle district, and rare and local 
in the Cape May peninsula. 

Fl.—Late June to late August. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton Jnc, Hartford, Camden (P), 
Pitman, Swedesboro. 


Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 
SPECULARIA Heist. 
Specularia perfoliata (L.). Venus’ Looking-glass. 
Campanula perfoliata Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 169. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Specularia perfoliata Knieskern 20.—Britton 157. 

Dry open ground: throughout the State. Occurs in the Pine 
Barrens only as a weed in cultivated ground, and the same may 
be said of many other localities, so that its native habitat in the 
State is difficult to determine. 

Conspicuous Fl.—Early June to early July. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Locust Grove (S), Medford (S), Westville, 
Washington Park, Swedesboro, Yorktown (S), Millville (S). 

Pine Barrens—Landisville, Mays Landing. 

Coast Strip—Spray Beach (1,), Peahala (L,). 


LOBELIA L. 
Lobelia cardinalis L. Cardinal Flower. 
Pl. CXIX., Fig. 1. 


Lobelia Cardinalis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 930. 1753 [Virginia]—Knieskern 19.— 
Britton 156. 


Wet grounds; frequent, except in the Pine Barrens, although 
it follows up the larger streams nearly or quite to the head of 
tide-water, as at Mays Landing, 

This is one of the most brilliant flowers of the late summer 
swamps of North and West Jersey, its scarlet spike standing out 
in contrast to the dark green of the surrounding foliage. Along 
the coast it seems to reach its highest development. Sometimes 
it covers considerable areas of open wet swamps, where it is only 
two or three feet high, while elsewhere, as along the Bay shore 
of Cape May, it occurs in thickets and overgrown swamps, reach- 
ing a height of six or seven feet. Near Green Creek I found a 
plant with pale salmon pink flowers. 

Fl.—Late July to mid-September. 


716 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Smithville, Pemberton Jnc. (S), Delair, 
Medford (S), Washington Park, Lindenwold, Center Square, Blackwood, 


Swedesboro, Beaver Dam. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, West Creek (S), Weekstown, Absecon (8), 
Palermo (S), Ocean View (S), Mays Landing, Wildwood. 

Cape May.—Court House, Cold Spring (S), Cape May (S), Green Creek, 
Dias Creek. 


Lobelia syphilitica L. Great Blue Lobelia. 
Lobelia syphilitica Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 931. 1753 [Virginia]—Willis 36.—Brit- 
ton 156. 
Low open ground; frequent in the northern counties, but very 
rare within our limits. 
Fl.—Early August to early October. 
Middle District—Keyport (C), Crosswicks Creek (C), Bordentown (C). 


Lobelia puberula Michx. Downy Lobelia. 


Pl. CXX. 
Lobelia puberula Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 152. 1803 [Carolina].—Britton 
156.—Keller and Brown 307. 

Frequent in moist open sandy ground in the lower part of the 
Cape May peninsula, and north along the coast to Beesley’s Pt., 
and locally to Manahawkin ; also locally in Cumberland and Salem 
Counties and at Hartford, Burlington County, Freehold, Mon- 
mouth County, and at Lawrenceville Landing, Mercer County. 

F].—Early August to early October. 

Middle District—Freehold (C), Hartford, Course’s Landing (KB), Woods- 
town (KB), Mannington (C), Haleyville (KB). 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Atlantic City (KB), Beesley’s Pt. (S), Palermo, 


Petersburg (KB), Seaville (S), Ocean View (S). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring, Cape May, Cape May Pt., Dias Creek. 


Lobelia spicata Lam. Slender Spiked Lobelia. 
Lobelia spicata Lamarck, Encycl. III. 587. 1789 [Canada].—Britton 156. 


Frequent in open ground in the northern counties, and much 
less common southward in the Middle district. Apparently rare 
within our limits. 

Fl.—Early June to late July, and sporadically later. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Lindenwold (S), Vineland (introduced ?). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 717 
Lobelia inflata L. Indian Tobacco, 


Lobelia inflata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 931. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Knies- 
kern 20.—Britton 156. 


Frequent in open ground in the Northern and Middle districts. 
Largely a weed in cultivated ground and as such enters the Pine 
Barrens and probably the Cape May and Coast districts. Origi- 
nal native habitat not ascertainable. , 

Fl.—Mid-July to mid-September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Florence Heights, Camden (P), Washing- 


ton Park, Blackwood, Salem (S).. 
Pine Barrens—Hammonton (Bassett), Landisville (T). 


Lobelia nuttallii R. & S. Nuttall’s Lobelia. 


Lobelia Nuttallii Roemer and Schultze, Syst. V. 39. 1819 [new name for L,. 
gracilis Nutt.]—Knieskern 20.—Britton 156—Keller and Brown 307. 
Lobelia gracilis Nuttall, Gen. II. 77. 1818 [New Jersey to Carolina]. 

Common in moist sandy ground throughout the Pine Barrens, 
Cape May and Coast districts, and at many stations in the Middle 
district, occurring north of our limits at Sayreville, Middlesex 
County. 

Named for Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859), the famous botanist 
and ornithologist, for many years located at Philadelphia, where 
he published his Genera of N. A. Plants and studied carefully the 
region covered by the present work. 

Fl.—Early July to early September. 

Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale (S), Pt. Pleasant, Long 
Branch, New Egypt, Camden, Haddonfield (S), Tomlin, Swedesboro, Wil- 
liamstown, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—New Lisbon, Hanover, Cedar Grove (S), Speedwell (S), 
Waterford, Cedar Brook, Buena Vista (T), Winslow (S), Hammonton, 
Pleasant Mills, Eighth St. (T), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe ($). 

Coast Strip—Ship Bottom (L), Spray Beach (L), Anglesea, 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Cold Spring (S). 


Lobelia canbyi Gray. Canby’s Lobelia. 

Lobelia Canbyi Gray, Man. Ed. V. 284. 1867 [Quaker Bridge, N. J.].—Willis 

36.—Britton 157—Keller and Brown 307. 

Frequent in wet sandy spots in the Pine Barrens, reaching here 
the northern limit of its range. | 

A taller, somewhat more robust species than the last; usually 
with the flowers slightly tinted with lilac. It is restricted to the 
central Pine Barren region, and named for its discoverer William 


718 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


M. Canby (1831-1904), the noted botanist of Delaware, and one 
of the most active students of the New Jersey Pine Barren flora.* 
Fl.—Late July to late September. 


Pine Barrens—Lakehurst, Bamber, Jones’ Mill (S), Speedwell (S), Cedar 
Brook, Hammonton, Atsion, Parkdale, Quaker Bridge, Bear Swamp (S), 
Cedar Lake, Batsto, Opp. Crowleytown, Egg Harbor City, Belleplain, Wood- 
bine. 


Family CICHORIACE. Chicory, Dandelions, etc. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Flower heads drooping, with a long, cylindrical involucre. 
b. Heads 5-7 flowered, pappus light straw color. 
Nabalus attissimus, p. 723 
bb. Heads 8-16 flowered. 
c. Pappus dark cinnamon-brown. N, albus, p. 724 
cc. Pappus straw color or light brown. 
d. Inflorescence paniculate. 
e. Bracts shorter than the pappus. N. serpentarius, p. 724 
ee. Bracts equal to the pappus. N. trifoliolatus, p. 723 
dd. Inflorescence thyrsoid, often simple, and unilateral. 
N. virgatus, p. 724 
aa. Flower heads not drooping. 
b. Flowers blue or white. 
c. Flower heads 25-37 mm. broad, bright blue or white. 
[Cichorium intybus]* 
cc. Flower heads 4-10 mm. broad. 
d. Pappus white, flowers bright blue. 
é, Leaves oblong to ovate, dentate. Lactuca villosa, p. 721 
ee. Leaves pinnatifid. L. floridana, p. 721 
dd. Pappus brown, flowers pale blue or bluish white. 
L. spicata, p. 721 
bb. Flowers yellow or orange. 
c. Leaves all basal, scapes with a single head of flowers. 
d. Heads 15-50 mm. broad, flowers yellow. [T. taraxacum]? 
dd. Heads 6-12 mm. broad, orange. 
Adopogon carolinianum, p. 719 
cc. Cauline leaves present. 
d. Cauline leaves 1-5, a rosette of basal leaves. 
e. Flowers orange, plant glabrous and glaucous. 
Adopogon virginicum, p. 719 
ee. Flowers yellow. 


* cf, Torreya IV. 52. 8 
*Chicory. Introduced along roadsides, etc. 
?Common Dandelion, an abundant weed. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 719 


f. Leaves more or less purple veined. 
Hieracium venosum, p. 722 
ff. Leaves green. A. marianum, p. 722 
dd. Cauline leaves numerous, flowers yellow. 
e. Achenes flattened. 
f. Truncate, not beaked, leaves pinnatifid. 
[Sonchus oleraceus]* 
ff. Narrowed at the summit or beaked, leaves pinnatifid or 
entire. 
g. Plant glabrous. 
h, Weaves sessile or auriculate at base. 
Lactuca canadensis, p. 720 
hh, Leaves sagittate, clasping. L. saggittifolia, p. 721 
gg. Leaves hirsute, at least on the mid-rib below. 
L. hirsuta, p. 720 
ee. Achenes cylindric or prismatic. 
f. Achenes spindle-shaped or with the summit tapering at 


maturity. Hieracium gronovii, p. 723 
ff. Achenes of uniform diameter, 
g. Peduncles stout, spreading. Hi. scabrum, p. 722 


gg. Peduncles slendor, ascending. H. marianum, p. 722 


ADOPOGON Necker. 
Adopogon virginicum (L.). Cynthia. 
Tragopogon virginicum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 189. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Cynthia virginica Knieskern 19. 
Krigia amplexicaulis Britton 152. 

Moist ground; frequent in the northern counties, becoming 
less frequent southward in the Middle district, and occasional in 
the Cape May peninsula. Very sparingly introduced in the Pine 
Barrens. 

Fl.—Mid-May to mid-June. 

Middle District—-Farmingdale, New Egypt, Brown’s Mills, Pemberton 
(NB), Lindenwold (S). 


Pine Barrens.—Egg Harbor City. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


Adopogon carolinianum (Walt.). Dwarf Dandelion. 


Hyoseris Caroliniana Walter, Fl. Car. 194. 1788 [Carolina]. 

Hyoseris ? ramosissima Barton, Fl. Phila. Prodr. 75. 1815 [Sandy fields, 
N. J.J. 

Krigia dichotoma Nuttall, Gen. II. 127. 1818 [n. n. for last]. 

Krigia Virginica b. dichotoma Barton, FI. Phila. II. 93. 

Krigia virginica Knieskern 19.—Britton 152. 


* Sow Thistle, a frequent weed. 


720 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Dry sandy soil; frequent throughout our region and north- 
ward on the coastal plain, extending occasionally beyond the 


fall line. 

Fl].—Early May to late June. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Medford (S), Clementon, 
Gloucester, Westville, Mantua, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Toms River, E. Plains, Quaker Bridge, Landisville, Pleas- 
ant Mills. 

Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Beach Haven (L), Avalon, Piermont (S). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


LACTUCA L. 
Lactuca canadensis L. Tall Lettuce. 


Lactuca canadensis Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 796. 1753 [Canada].—Britton 154. 
? Lactuca elongata Knieskern 109. 


Frequent in clearings, wood edges, etc., throughout the State, 
except in the Pine Barrens, where it is rare and apparently in- 
troduced. 

Fl.—Late June into August. 


Middle District—Freehold (NB), Husted (S), Swedesboro, Fairton (S). 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville. 

Coast Strip—Spring Lake (T), Seaside Park (S), Barnegat City (L), 
Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L,), Harvey Cedars (L), Anglesea, Holly 
Beach, Palermo (S). : 

Cape May—Court House, Whitesboro (S), Cold Spring (S), Bennett. 


Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. Hairy Lettuce. 


Lactuca hirsuta “Muhlenberg,” Nuttall Gen. II. 124. 1818 [Pennsylvania]. 
Britton 154.—Keller and Brown 310. 


Occasional in the Coast and Middle districts, rare north of our 
limits. 
Fl.—Mid-June into August. 


Middle District—Vincentown (NB), Camden Co. (C), Medford, Swedes- 
boro.* 

Coast Strip—Asbury Park (KB), Spring Lake (C), Atlantic. City (P), 
Holly Beach, Anglesea, Stone Harbor. 

Pine Barrens—Winslow Jnc., White Horse (S) (probably introduced). 

Cape May.—Bennett. 


*I,, villosa Swedesboro (KB) is this. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 721 


Lactuca sagittifolia Ell. Arrow-leaved Lettuce. 


Lactuca sagittifolia Elliot, Bot. S. C. and Ga. II. 253. 1821-4 [Columbia, 
S. C.].—Keller and Brown 310. 


Occasional in the Coast and Middle districts, rare north of 
our limits. 
Fl.—Late June to early September. 


Middle District—Swedesboro (KB). 
Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Asbury Park (KB), Seaside Park, Pier 
mont (S), Wildwood. 


Lactuca villosa Jacq. Hairy-veined Blue Lettuce. 


Lactuca villosa Jacquin, Hort. Schoen. III. 62, pl. 367. 1798 [Loc. unknown]. 
—Britton 154.—Keller and Brown 310. 


At several stations in the northern counties, but rare within 
our limits and confined to the Middle district. 

Fl.—Early August to early September. 

Middle District—Medford (S).* 


Lactuca floridana (L.). Florida Blue Lettuce. 


Sonchus floridanus Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 794. 1753 [Virginia and Canada] —Brit- 
ton 154.—Keller and Brown 310. 


Frequent along the Delaware as far south as Bordentown, and 
at the base of the Palisades. 

Fl.—Early August to early September. 

Middle District Bordentown (C), Swedesboro. 


Lactuca spicata (Lam.). Tall Blue Lettuce. 


Sonchus spicatus Lamarck, Encycl. III. 401. 1789 [S. Carolina].—Keller and 
Brown 311. 
Lactuca leucophaea Britton 154. 
Frequent in the northern counties and occasional in the Middle 
and Cape May districts in rich soil. 
Fl.—Early August into September. 


Middle District—Fish House (S$), Springdale (S), Swedesboro, Salem (S). 
Cape May—W. Cape May. 


* The Swedesboro record (KB) was an error of compilation. The speci- 
men was from a Pennsylvania locality. 


460 MUS 


722 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


HIERACIUM L. 

Hieracium venosum L. Rattlesnake Weed, Vein-leaved Hawkweed. 

Hieracium venosum Linneus Sp. Pl. 800. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 19.— 
Britton 153. 

Dry woodland, common throughout the State. 

Fl.—Late May to early July, sporadically into September. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Beverly, Medford (S), Wash- 
ington Park, Glassboro, Sewell (S). 

Pine Barrens ——Toms River, Bamber, Manahawkin, Tuckerton, East Plains 
(S), Winslow Jnc., Cedar Brook, Tabernacle, Landisville, Folsom, Mays 


Landing (S). 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Dennisville (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


Hieracium marianum Willd. Maryland Hawkweed. 


Hieracium Marianum Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 1572. 1804 [North America].— 

Keller and Brown 312. 

These specimens are very unsatisfactorily identified. While 
the extreme examples fit the description of H. marianum, others 
seem to be merely H. venosum with one or two stem leaves. The 
veining does not seem to be an important character, as many 
specimens of venosum from the Pine Barrens have.uniform green 
leaves and they also show great variation as to the amount of 
pubescence. 

From the material in hand I cannot see any clear cut line of 
separation between the two, and possibly we do not have true 
HZ. marianum at all. 


Middle District—Grenloch. 
Coast Strip.—Sea Bright, Atlantic City, Piermont, Five-Mile Beach. 


Hieracium scabrum Michx. Rough Hawkweed. 


Hieracium scabrum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 86. 1803 [N. Canada and 
Mts. of Carolina].—Britton 152. : 
Dry open woods; frequent in the Northern and Middle dis- 
tricts and occasional on the Coast Strip. 

The typical plant has large heads and a wide branching in- 
florescence, as opposed to the small heads and more strict inflo- 
rescence of H. gronovit. 

We have also specimens with inflorescence of gronovii, but 
with broadly oval leaves all the way up the stem like scabrum, 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 72% 


and one from New Egypt which resembles gronovii in all respects 
except that the achenes are uniform in diameter and not nar- 
rowed above as in that species. 

Fl.—Early August into September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Hartford, Medford (S), Haddonfield, Oak- 
lyn (S), Blackwood, Swedesboro, Millville, Beaver Dam. 


Hieracium. gronovii L. Hairy Hawkweed. 
Hieracium Gronovit Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 802. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsylvania]. 
—Willis 35.—Britton 153. 

Dry open woods; frequent throughout our limits and occasional 
im the northern counties. 

Fl.—Early July into September. . 

Middle District—Hartford, Florence, Medford (S), Lindenwold, Swedes- 
boro. 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (NB), West Creek, Sumner (S), Landis- 
ville, Weymouth (T), Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S), 
Tuckahoe (S). 

Coast Strip.—Forked River, Seaside Park, N. Beach Haven (L), Surf City 
(L), Absecon, Atlantic City, Somer’s Pt, Ocean City (S$), Wildwood. 

Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Court House (S), Cold Spring (OHB). 


NABALUS Cassini. 
Nabalus altissimus (L.). Tall Rattlesnake-Root. 
Prenanthes altissima Linneus, Sp. Pl. 797. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Britton 155. — 
Rich woods of the northern counties and reported from one 
station in the Middle district within our limits. 
Fi.—Late August to early October. 


Middle District—Vincentown (C). 


Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass. Rattlesnake-Root. 

Nabalus trifoliolatus Cassini, Dict. Sci: Nat. 34, 95. 1825 [Cultivated plant]. 
Prenanthes Serpentaria Britton 155 (in part). 

Dry woodland; common throughout the State, except in the 
Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late August to early October. 

Middle District—Keyport (NB), New Egypt, Fish House (S), Medford 
(S), Orchard (S), Lindenwold, Blackwood, Westville, Beaver Dam. 

Coast Strip—Forked River, ,Manahawkin, Absecon, Atlantic City (S), 
Wildwood. 


724 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Cape May.—Seaville (S), Bennett (S), Court House (S), Cape May.* 


Nabalus serpentarius (Pursh.). Pursh’s Rattlesnake-Root. 
Prenanthes Serpentaria Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 499. 1814 [Mts. of Virginia and 
Carolina].—Britton 155 (in part). 
Frequent in the Pine Barrens and occasional on the coast. 
Fl—tLate August to early October. 
Pine Barrens.—Whitings (S), Pasadena, Atsion (S), Malaga (S), Land- 


isville, Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City. 
Coast Strip.—Piermont (S). 


Nabalus virgatus (Michx,). Pine Barren Rattlesnake-Root. 
Prenanthes virgata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 83. 1803 [Virginia and 
Carolina].—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 498. 1814. 
Prenanthus autummalis Britton 155. 
Nabalus virgatus Keller and Brown 312. 

Open sandy ground in the Pine Barrens. 

This slender-spiked Rattlesnake-root is a plant of the central 
Pine Barrens, associated with Solidago stricta and Lacinaria 
graminifolia pilosa plants with a similar form of inflorescence. 

Fl.—Early September to early October. 


Pine Barrens—Manchester (C), Brindletown, Bamber, Cox’s, Brown’s 
Mills (KB), Jones’ Mill (S), Cedar Grove (S), Chatsworth, Woodmansie 
(KB), Atsion (Leeds), Jackson (P), Cedar Brook, Winslow Jnc., Hammon- 
ton (S), Quaker Bridge (C), Pleasant Mills, Batsto, Egg Harbor City, 
Mays Landing (C), Woodbine (KB), Elwood (P). 


Nabalus albus (L.). White Rattlesnake-Root. 


Prenanthes alba Linneus, Sp. Pl. 798. 1753 [‘Carolina, Virginia and Pennsyf- 
vania].—Britton 155. 


Commion in the northern counties; rare within our limits and 
confined to the Middle district. 
Fl.—tLate August to early October. 


Middle District—Burlington, Mannington (C). 


Family AMBROSIACEIA. 
Key to the Species. 


a, Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same heads. Iva, p. 725 
aa. Staminate and pistillate flowers in separate heads. 
b. Pistillate involucre a conspicuous ovoid, spiny bur, leaves rough, 
irregularly dentate or somewhat lobed. 


* Lippincott’s Cape May record for N. virgatus (KB) proves to be this. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 72s 


t. Body of mature bur more than twice as long as thick. 
d. Beaks of bur straight or nearly so, prickles relatively few. 


: Xanthium canatiense, p. 726 
dd. Beaks of bur incurved or hooked, prickles very numerous. 


X. commune, p. 726 
cc. Body of mature bur thick-ovoid, not more than twice as long as 


; thick. X. echinatum, p. 726 
bb. Pistillate involucre not conspicuous or prominently spiny. 


c. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, or undivided, plant 10-50 dm. high. 
; Ambrosia trifida, p. 725 
cc. Leaves finely pinnatifid, plant 3-18 dm. high. 


Ambrosia artemistifolia, p. 725 


IVA L. 
Iva oraria Bartlett. Marsh Elder. 
Iva oraria Bartlett, Rhodora 1906, 26. [Charles River, Boston]. 
Iva frutescens Britton 142—Keller and Brown 313. : 

Common on the salt marshes of the coast, usually bordering 
the ditches. 

This plant, resembling a big coarse Ragweed, borders the edges 
of the tidal creeks and thoroughfares which intersect the salt 
marshes in all directions. It is constantly associated with 
Baccharis and Spartina stricta, 

Fl.—Early August to late September. 

Maritime—Sandy Hook (NB), Long Branch, Forked River, Seaside 


Park, Barnegat Pier, Surf City (L), Cedar Bonnet (L), Atlantic City, 
Absecon, Ocean City (S$), Piermont, Wildwood, Cape May, Dennisville (S). 


AMBROSIA L. 
Ambrosia trifida L. Great Ragweed. 


Ambrosia trifida Linneus, Sp. Pl. 987. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Knies- 
kern 18.—Britton 143. 
Ambrosia trifida integrifolia Britton 143. 


Low moist, shady ground; frequent in the Northern and less 
so in the Middle district, along streams. 
Fl.—Late July to early September. 
Middle District—New Egypt, Kaighns Pt. Springdale (S), ‘Woodstown 
(C), Salem (S). 
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Ragweed. 


Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 987. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsyl- 
vania].—Knieskern 18.—Britton 143. 


726 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common throughout the State as a weed in cultivated ground. 
It is obviously not native in the Pine Barrens, but its original 
distribution in the other districts cannot be ascertained. 

Fl.—Early August to mid-September. 


XANTHIUM L. 
Xanthium canadense Mill. Cocklebur. 
Xanthium Canadense Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. VIII. 1768 [Penna. and Mary- 
land]. 
Occasional in open moist ground of the Middle district. 
F'r—Mid-September into October. 


Middle District—Mt. Holly. 


Xanthium commune Britton. Clotbur. 


Xanthium commune Britton, Man. 912. 1901 [Westport, N. Y.]. 


Frequent in open moist ground of the Middle district. 
Fr.—Mid-September into October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Camden. 


Xanthium echinatum Murr. Beach Clotbur. 


Xanthium echinatum Murray, Comm. Goett. VI. 32, pl. 4. 1785 [New York]. 
Keller and Brown 314. 

Xanthium strumarium var. echinatum Knieskern.—Willis 33. 

Xanthium canadense var. echinatum Britton 143. 


Sand dunes of the sea coast and lower Delaware Bay, common. 
Fr—Mid-September into October. 


Maritime.—Forked River, Spray Beach (L), Cedar Bonnet (L,), Ocean 
City, Stone Harbor, Five-Mile Beach, Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). 


Family COMPOSIT. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers all tubular, no flat ray flowers present. 
b. Flowers white, greenish or yellow. 
c. Shrub with copious white silky pappus in fruit. _Baccharis, p. 764 
cc. Herbs. 
d. Flowers white. 
e. Wooly, flowers in small, dense heads, with abundant white 
pappus. 
f. Dicecious. 
g. Stem 3-9 dm. high, stem leafy. Anaphalis, p. 767 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 727 


gg. Stem 2-4.5 dm. high, leaves mainly basal. 
h. Basal leaves small and narrow, 7-20 mm. long, one 
nerved. 
4. Spatulate, stolons assurgent, rather leafy 
throughout, but terminal leaves longest. 
Antennaria neodioica, p. 766 
vi. Oblanceolate, stolons procumbent, bractiate, 
but with leaves only at the tip. 
A. neglecta, p. 766 
hh. Basal leaves large and broad, 20-120 mm. long, 
three or five nerved. 
i. Basal leaves and those at the ends of the 
stolons bright green and glabrous above. 
A. parlinit, p. 767 
ii, Basal leaves and those at the ends of the 
stolons dull above, with tomentous or arach- 
noid pubescence. 
j. Heads averaging 7 mm. high. 
A, plantaginifolia, p. 766 
jj. Heads averaging 9 mm. high. 
A, fallax, p. 766 
ff. Not dicecious, stem upright leafy. 
g. 30-90 cm. high: Gnaphalium obtusifolium, p. 767 
gg. 5-20 cm. high. G. uliginosum, p. 768 
ee. Plants not wooly. 
f. Flower heads 12-20 mm. high. 
g. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the 
base. Erechtites, p. 776 
gg. Leaves reniform, or somewhat triangular, often trun- 
cate at the base. 
h. Leaves glaucous. Mesadenia atriplicifolia, p. 776 


hh, Leaves not glaucous. M. reniformis, p. 776 

ff. Flower heads 4-8 mm. high. 
g. Achenes ribbed. Kuhnia, p. 739 
gg. Achenes five-angled. Eupatorium, p. 732 


dd, Flowers greenish or yellow. 
e. Foliage bristly, heads large. Carduus spinosissimus, p. 779 
ee. Foliage not bristly. 
f. Heads green, 2-3 mm. broad in wand-like racemes, 
leaves finely dissected. Artemisia, p. 775 
ff. Heads yellow or greenish, 6-10 mm. broad. 
g. Leaves pinnatifid, achenes without barbed awns. 
[Tanacetum vulgare]? 
gg. Leaves lanceolate or 3-5 parted, achenes with 2-5 
barbed awns. Bidens, p. 772 
bb. Flowers blue, pink or purple. 
c. A climbing vine with clusters of purplish, inflorescence and trian- 
gular leaves, nearly glabrous. (Willugbeya, p. 739 
cc. Erect herbs. 


1 Tansy, escaped from gardens. 


728 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


d. Involucral bracts with hooked bristles, a large course branch- 


ing plant with purplish flower heads. [Arctium minus]* 
dd. No hooked bristles to the involucral bracts. 
e. Foliage very bristly. Carduus, p. 778 


ee. Foliage not bristly. 
7. Leaves verticillate, flowers pink. 
g. Leaves linear, plant 3-6 dm. high, flower head single, 
Io mm. wide. Sclerolepis, p. 731 
gg. Leaves ovate lanceolate, plant .5-3 m. high, flower 
heads very numerous in a terminal cymous panicle. 
Eupatorium, p. 732 
ff. Leaves not verticillate. 

g. Flower heads red-purple in a terminal cymese, 

panicle. Plant 9-27 dm. high, not aromatic. 
Vernonia, p. 730 
gg. Flower heads pink, broad in a terminal corymbose 

cyme. Plant 4-9 dm. high, aromatic. 
h. Leaves sessile cordate or clasping at base. 

_Pluchea foetida, p. 765 
hh. Leaves petioled. P. camphorata, p. 765 
ggg. Flower heads red-purple in a long, usually dense, 
terminal spike or spike-like raceme, leaves linear 

or linear lanceolate. Plant 3-20 dm. high. 
h, Bracts of the cylindrical involucre oblong or 

oval obtuse, achenes pubescent or smoothish. 
Lacinaria spicata, p. 740 
hh. Bracts of the obovoid involucre oblong, obtuse 
or pointed, achenes hairy. - 
L. graminifolia pilosa, p. 740 
gegg. Flower heads blue. Eupatorium, p. 732 
ggggeg. Flower heads purplish, leaves whitish wooly. 

Guaphalium purpureum, p. 768 


aa. Ray flowers present around the central disc. ei 
b. Rays yellow. 
c. Notched at the end. : Helenium, p. 774 
cc. Rays not notched. 
d.. No pappus. 
e. Achenes with barbed awns. Bidens, p. 772 


ee. Achenes without awns. 
f. Plant rough. 
g. Leaves 3-7 pointed or lobed. 
; Rubeckia laciniata, p. 769 
gg. Leaves not lobed. 
h, Disc greenish or yellowish. Helianthus, p. 769 
hh. Dise brown. 
i. Flower less than 100 mm. broad. 
j. Leaves linear sessile. 
Helianthus angustifolius, p. 769 
jj. Leaves lanceolate. [Rubeckia hirta]* 


* Burdock, a weed in waste ground. 
? Black-eyed Susan, a common weed in fields. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 729 


ff. Plant glabrous. Heliopsis, p. 768 
dd. Pappus present, heads entirely yellow. : 
e. Involucral bracts in one row, heads 15-20 mm. broad, in a. 
terminal corymb, basal leaves numerous. 
f. Leaves and stem wooly. Senecio tomentosus, p. 777 
ff. Leaves glabrous or nearly so. 
g. Basal leaves cordate; orbicular or ovate. 
S. aureus, p. 777 
gg. Basal leaves not cordate. 
h. Leaves ovate, flowers large. S. crawfordi, p. 777 
ze, Involueral bracts in several rows. 
f. Plant low, woolly or with silky hairs. 
g. Leaves elongate linear, plant woolly. 
Chrysopsis falcata, p. 741 
gg. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, pubescent, with silky 
hairs, becoming glabrate. C. mariana, p. 741 
ff. Plants usually tall, pubescent or glabrous, but not woolly 
or silky hairy. 
g. Rays more numerous than the disc flowers, leaves 
linear or linear lanceolate. 
h. Leaves 3-5 nerved. 
i, Branches of the inflorescence and leaves ex- 
cept the veins beneath glabrous. 
Euthamia graminifolia, p. 751 
a. Branches of inflorescence and leaves pubes- 
cent. E. g. nuttallu, p. 752 
hh. Leaves 1 nerved. E. tenuifolia, p. 752 
gg. Rays not more numerous than the disc flowers. 
Solidago, p. 742 


‘ 


bb. Rays white. 
c. With pappus. 
d. Pappus very short and scaly. [Galinsoga parviflora]* 
dd. Pappus well developed and feathery. 
e. Bracts in 2-many rows. 
f. Involucre oblong or narrowly campanulate, rays white. 
g. Inflorescence a terminal spike like thyrsus. 
Solidago bicolor, p. 744 
gg. Inflorescence a cymose panicle. 
h. Leaves linear or spatulate entire. 
Sericocarpus linifolius, p. 753 
hh. Leaves oblong or obovate dentate. 7 
S. asteroides, p. 753 
ff. Involucre turbinate, bracts thin, rays purple, pink or 
white. Aster, p. 754 
ee. Bracts in I or 2 series, very narrow. 
f. Flower heads 12-25 mm. broad. 
g. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, heads numerous. 


2 Galinsoga, a weed in waste ground, etc. 


730 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


h. Leaves lanceolate acuminate. 
Doellingeria umbellata, p. 763 
hh. Leaves ovate acute. Dz. u. humilis, p. 763 
gg. Leaves at least the lower obovate, heads few. 
D. infirma, p. 764 
ff. Flower heads 4 mm, broad. Leptilon canadense, p. 763 
cc. No. pappus. 
d. Receptacle chaffy. 
e. Leaves opposite, lanceolate or oblong. [Eclipta alba]* 
ee. Leaves alternate, finely pinnately divided. 
f. Heads less than 10 mm. broad. 
[Achillaea millifolium}* 
ff. Heads more than 10 mm. broad. [Anthemis cotula]* 
dd. Receptacle naked. 
e. Head 40-60 mm. broad, leaves spatulate or oblong, dentate. 
_ [Chrysanthemum leucanthemum]* 
ee. Head smaller, leaves lanceolate entire. Boltonia, p. 753 
bbb. Rays pink or blue. 
c. Pappus present. 
d. Leaves narrowly linear, very stiff. Tonactis, p. 764 
dd. Leaves not stiff. 
e. Bracts of the involuere in 1 or 2 series. 
f. Heads over 25 mm. broad. Erigeron pulchellus, p. 762 
ff. Heads less than 25 mm. broad. 
g. Stem leaves nearly all serrate. EF. annuus, p. 762 
gg. Stem leaves narrower, nearly all entire. 
E. ramosus, p. 762 


ee. Bracts in 2—many series. Aster, p. 754 
cc. No pappus, plants glabrous. 
d. Receptacle chaffy, leaves linear, entire. Coreopsis, p. 771 


dd. Receptacle naked, leaves lanceolate, entire. Boltonia, p. 753 


VERNONIA Schreber. 
Vernonia noveboracensis L. lron-weed. 
Serratula noveboracensis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 818. 1753 [New York, etc.]. 
Vernonia noveboracensis Knieskern 17.—Willis 29.—Britton 128. 

In open swamps and meadows, common, except in the Pine 
Barrens, where it is found only on the intruding strips of coast 
‘flora which follow up the tidewater streams. 

The purple blossoms of the Iron-weed always recall the 
meadow pastures of Pennsylvania, where clumps of this plant, as 


*Eclipta. Apparently entirely a weed in New Jersey. 
? Yarrow. 

*May Weed. 

*Ox-eye Daisy. Common weeds of fields, etc. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 731 


well as the White and Purple Verbena, Thistle and Asclepias 
incarnata (or pulchra), stand out here and there on the close 
cropped grass, untouched by the cattle which have long since 
devoured the more succulent and delicate plants. In the wetter 
,spots, where tussocks of Carex stricta replace the sod, they are 
associated with Boneset, Joe Pye Weed, Sunflowers, Asters, 
Goldenrods, Cardinals and Snakehead, and contribute their share 
to the riot of color which floods such spots in early autumn. 

Precisely similar associations are found in pasture lands of 
portions of the Middle district of South Jersey and in the coastal 
swamps, but are entirely absent from the Pine Barrens. 

Fi.—Late July to mid-September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House (S), Camden (P), Oaklyn (S). 
Lawnside (S), Lindenwold (S), Washington Park, Swedesboro, Penns- 
grove, Salem (S), Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. _ 

Coast Strip—Forked River, Manahawkin, Opp. Crowleytown (5), Pleas- 
ant Mills, Absecon (S), Beesley’s Pt. (S), Palermo (5), Mays Landing 


(S), Cape May Court House, Seaville (S), Cape May (S), Dias Creek, 
Green Creek (S), South Dennis (S). i 


SCLEROLEPIS Cassini. 
Sclerolepis uniflora (Walt.). Sclerolepis. 


Ethulia uniflora Walter, Fl. Car. 195. 1788 [Carolina]. 
Sclerolepis verticillata Willis 20. 

Sclerolepis uniflora Britton 128—Keller and Brown 317. 
Sparganophorus verticillatus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. Il. 518. 1814. 


In wet bogs, usually in the water; locally in the Pine Barrens 
and Cape May peninsula. 

This is one of the most interesting composites of the Pines, 
but so little known that it has apparently never been honored 
with a popular name. It is a plant of remote wet bogs, the 
round pink heads reminding one at a distance of English Daisies, 
while the remainder of the plant would seem to belong to some 
submerged aquatic. 

I well remember my first acquaintance with Sclerolepis. It 
was one of those sultry August days, and we were following the 
railroad from Woodbine to Belleplain, gaining access in this 
way to the interior of swamps that would otherwise have been 
unattainable. The cleared strip on either side of the road-bed 
was about the limit of our wanderings as the thickets covering 


732 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


the swamps were with difficulty penetrated. There was an 
abundance, however, to occupy our attention, for all the choice 
species seemed to have established themselves in the open. We 
waded through thick, knee-high vegetation, now splashing 
through water, now sinking deep into oozing muck. There were 
beds of white-fringed Orchids and the smaller orange species 
(cristata), Orange and Pink Polygalas, Rhexias from pale pink 
to deepest magenta, and hosts of sedges, grasses and rushes of 
perhaps more interest than their more brilliant associates. And 
in the shallow pools among the shorter sedges grew the 
Sclerolepis, rank upon rank of pink button-like heads, standing 
clear of the water and supported upon stems whorled with slender 
leaves, recalling the sterile stem of some Equisetum. 
Fl.—Mid-July to early September. 


Pine Barrens.—Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, 
Woodbine. 
Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring, Green Creek. 


EUPATORIUM L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Flowers blue. E. coelestinuin, p. 738 
aa. Flowers pink. 
b. Leaves nearly smooth, inflorescence pyramidal. FE. purpurewm, p. 738 
bb. Leaves very rugose, inflorescence depressed, flowers usually deeper 
pink. E. maculatum, p. 733 
aaa, Flowers white, leaves usually opposite. 
b. Bracts of the involucre in 1 or 2 series, all of equal length or, 


nearly so. 
c. Leaves 50-120 mmm. long, sharply dentate. E. ageratoides, p. 738 
cc. Leaves 20-50 mm. long, blunt toothed. E. aromaticum, p. 738 


bb. Bracts imbricated in two or more series, the outer ones shorter. 
c. Leaves clasping or connate-perfoliate at the base. 
d. Leaves perfoliate, bracts acute. E. perfoliatum, p. 737 
dd. Leaves clasping, bracts obtuse. E. resinosum, p. 737 
cc. Leaves not clasping nor perfoliate. 
d. Leaves narrowed at the base. 
e. Bracts of the involucre acute. 
f. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sparingly toothed, 4-12 mm. 
wide. E. leucolepis, p. 734 
ff. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, prominently toothed, 10- 
40 mm. wide, bracts white, cuspidate. 
g. Leaves not markedly 3-nerved, teeth coarse. 
E. album, p. 734 
gg. Leaves 3-nerved, teeth smaller and more regular. 
E. album subvenosum, p. 735 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 733 


ee. Bracts of the involucre obtuse. Leaves linear, crowded 
usually entire, obtuse. E. hyssopifolium, p. 735 
dd. Leaves rounded, obtuse or truncate at the base. 
e. Plant glabrous, leaves lanceolate, long acuminate. 
E. sessilifolium, p. 736 
ee. Plants pubescent, leaves ovate or oblong, acute or obtuse. 
f. Leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate, mostly rounded at 
the base, usually obtuse, roughish pubescent. 
E. verbenefolium, p. 735 
ff. Leaves roundish ovate, obtuse, truncate at base, 
downy pubescent, crenate dentate. 
E. rotundifolium, p. 736 
fff. Leaves ovate, acute, strongly serrate, pubescent. 
E. pubescens, p. 736 


Eupatorium purpureum L. Joe-pye Weed. 


Eupatorium purpureum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 838. 1753 [North America].— 
Knieskern 17.—Britton 128. ? 


Frequent in low open ground and thickets in the northern 
counties and less common southward in the Middle and Coast 
districts. 

This is the common Joe-pye weed of the uplands of south- 
eastern Pennsylvania. The typical plant is tall, 6-10 feet, with 
narrower, often falcate, leaves; crenate, glabrous above and but 
little veined below, stem glaucous, inflorescence high and rounded 
on top, flowers pale pink. 

The following species, by far the commoner in our region, 
is low, averaging 3-4 feet; leaves coarsely dentate, shorter and 
much broader, scabrous above, very strongly veined beneath, 
inflorescence flat-topped, flowers deep crimson. Specimens 
growing in shade have the leaves smooth, or nearly so, and are 
thus intermediate. Possibly the two should be regarded as 
only subspecifically different, but the extremes are easily sepa- 
rable and the non-typical character of most herbarium material 
makes it difficult to draw conslusions from it. 

Fl.—Mid-August through September. 

Middle District—Hartford, Mouth of Coopers Creek, W. Deptford, Black- 


wood, Medford (S), Beaver Dam. 
Coast Strip.—Palermo. 


Eupatorium maculatum L. Spotted Joe-pye Weed. 


Eupatorium maculatum Linneus, Amoen. Acad. IV. 288 1755 [North 


America]. 
Eupatorium purpureum var. maculatum Britton 128. 


734 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common in open low ground throughout the State, except 
in the Pine Barrens. 


Fl.—Mid-August through September. 

Middle District-—Burlington, Delanco (S), Medford (S), Lindenwold (S), 
Oaklyn (S), Springdale (S), Lawnside (S$), Pennsgrove. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville. 

Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Absecon (S), Atlantic 
City (T). . 


Eupatorium leucolepis T. & G. White-bracted Boneset. 


Eupatorium leucolepis Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. A. II. 84. 1841 [Pine Barrens, 
N. J.—La.]—Willis 30.—Britton 129.—Keller and Brown 318. 


Frequent in open bogs and swamps of the Pine Barrens and 
Cape May district and rare on the coast. 
F].—Early August into September. 


Pine Barrens.—Forked River (KB), Manchester (C), Tuckerton (KB) 
Quaker Bridge, Speedwell (S), Cedar Grove (S), Atco (KB), Cedar Lake, 
Main Road Sta. Winslow (S), Batsto (S), Pleasant Mills, Hammonton, 
Egg Harbor City, Woodbine, Belleplain (S$). 

Coast Strip.—Sherburn’s (L). 

Cape May.—Sluice Creek (S), Bennett, Cold Spring (S). 


Eupatorium album L. White Boneset. 
Pl. CXXIIL., Fig. 1. 


Eupatorium album Linneus, Mant. III. 1767 [“Pennsylvania—Barthram” 
obviously = New Jersey].—Knieskern 17.—Britton 129.—Keller and 
Brown 319. 

Eupatorium glandulosum Barton FI. Phila. II. 98. 1818. 

Eupatorium lanceolatum Barton FI. Phila., II. 99. 1818. 


Common in dry sandy open ground in the Pine Barren, 
Coast and Cape May districts and occasional in “Pine Barren 
islands” in the Middle district, occurring north of our limits at 
South Amboy and South River, Middlesex County. 

Fl_—Early August into September. 


Middle ’District—Atlantic Highlands (C), Keyport (C), New Egypt, Lin- 
denwold, Medford (S), Griffith’s Swamp, Bridgeton. 

Pine Barrens.—Farmingdale (NB), N. Spring Lake (NB), Bamber, Island 
H’ts Jnc., Speedwell, Quaker Bridge (S), Atsion, Atco, Berlin, Clementon, 
Albion, Winslow (S), Landisville, Egg Harbor City, Weymouth, Mays Land- 
ing (NB), Tuckahoe (S), Woodbine. 

Coast Strip—Forked River (NB), Brant Beach (L), Ship Bottom (L), 
Holgate’s (L,), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S). 

Cape May.—Dennisville, Court House (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 735 


Eupatorium album subvenosum Gray. Few-veined Boneset. 


Eupatorium album var. subvenosum Gray, Syn. Fl. I. pt. 2, 98 1884 [Long 
Island and New Jersey].—Britton 129.—Keller and Brown 319. 


Pine Barrens; not common. 
Fl.—Similar to the last. 


Pine Barrens.—Atsion (KB), Pleasant Mills (NB), Egg Harbor City. 


Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. Hyssop-leaved Boneset. 


Eupatorium hyssopifolium Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 836. 1753 [Virginia]——Pursh FI. 
. Am. Sept. II. 512, 1814. Barton Fl. Phila. II. 98. 1818—Britton 128.— 
Keller and Brown 319. 


Frequent throughout our region, though more or less local 
in the Middle district. Not reported in the State from north of 
our limits. 

Fl.—Early August into September. 


Middle “District Keyport (C), Clarksburg (C), New Egypt, Florence, 
Camden, Lindenwold, Washington Park, Ashland. 

‘Pine’ Barrens——Long Branch, Seabright (NB), Forked River, West Creek 
(S$), New Lisbon, Parkdale (S), Atco, Pen Bryn (S), Albion, Clementon, 
Landisville, Richland, Absecon, Petersburg (S), Tuckahoe (S), Dennisville 
(S). 

Coast Strip—N. Beach Haven (L), Holgate’s (L), Atlantic City (S), 
Ocean City (S), Piermont (S). ' 
. Cape May—cCold Spring. 


Eupatorium verbenzfolium Michx. Rough Boneset. 


Eupatorium verbenefolium Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 98. 1803 [Carolina]. 
—Keller and Brown 3109. A ; 

Eupatorium teucrifolium Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 99. 1818—Willis 30—Brit- 
ton 129. 


Frequent in low grounds throughout our region and at a few 
stations in the northern counties. 
Fl.—Early August into September. 


Middle District—Keyport (NB), Hartford, Medford, Orchard (S), West- 
mont (S), Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, Westville, Mickleton, Tomlin, Swedes- 
boro, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Pt. Pleasant (NB), Forked River, West Creek, Wood- 
mansie, Speedwell (S), Quaker Bridge, Clementon (S), Bear Swamp (S), 
Cedar Brook, Landisville, Winslow (S), Hammonton (S), Batsto, Egg Har- 
bor City, Mays Landing (S), Petersburg (S), Tuckahoe (S), Dennisville 

S). 
ae Strip.—Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City, Five-Mile Beach. 

Cape May.—Bennett (S). 


736 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Eupatorium sessilifolium L. Upland Boneset. 


Eupatorium sessilifolium Linneus, Sp. Pl. 837. 1753 [Virginia].—Barton, Fl. 
Phila. II. 9. 1818. ; 


This species is recorded by Barton from “rocky thickets half 
a mile east of Woodbury; rare.’”’ There seems to be no question 
about the identity, as his description is clear. The species is 
frequent in rocky woods of the northern counties. 


Eupatorium rotundifolium L. Round-leaved Boneset. 


Eupatorium rotundifolium Linneus, Sp. Pl. 837. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
—Barton, FI. Phila. II. 99. 1818—Knieskern 17.—Willis 30.—Britton 
129.—Keller and Brown 319. 


Dry open sandy ground; rather common throughout our 
region and reported from Franklin, Essex County.. 
F].—Early August into September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Burlington, Kaighns Pt. Medford (S), 
Lawnside (S), Lindenwold, Tomlin, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Long Branch, Forked River, Cain’s Mill, Clementon, Lan- 
disville, Batsto, Egg Harbor City. 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Holgate’s (1,), Sherburn’s (L). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Eupatorium pubescens Muhl. Hairy Boneset. 


Eupatorium pubescens Muhlenberg and Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 1755. 1804 
[North America]—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 514. 1814—Willis 30.— 
Keller and Brown 3109. 

Eupatorium rotundifolium var. pubescens Britton 120. 

Eupatorium melisgioidis Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 99. 1818. 


Dry sandy ground; common throughout our region, not re- 
ported from the State north of our limits. 
Fl.—Early August into September. 


Middle District—Keyport (NB), Burlington, Hainesport, Moorestown 
(KB), Medford, Lindenwold, Westville, W. Deptford, Tomlin, Mickleton, 
Swedesboro (CDL), Jericho (T), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Sea Girt (C), Toms River (KB), Atsion (Leeds), Clemen- 
ton (KB), Pen Bryn (8), Landisville (T), New Germany (KB), Hammonton 
a Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S$), Mays Landing (NB), Dennisville 

Coast Strip—sSea Girt (T), Sea Bright (NB), Surf City (L), St. Albans 
(L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Sea Isle City (S$), Holly Beach, 
Anglesea. ‘ 

Cape May.—Bennett (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 737 
Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Common Boneset. 


Pl. CXXIV. 


Eupatorium perfoliatum Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 838. 1753 [Virginia] —Barton, Fi. 
Phila. TI. ror. 1818—Knieskern 17—Britton 130. 

Low, open grounds, meadows etc. ; common except in the Pine 
Barrens, where it is not found, except as an introduction. 

This is a close associate of the Iron-weed and other plants 
mentioned under that species. 

Fl.—Mid-August through September. 

Middle District New Egypt, Delair, Lawnside (S), Springdale (S), Oak- 
lyn (S), Washington Park. 

Pine Barrens—tLandisville (T) (introduced). 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (NB), Forked River, Surf City (1), Mana- 


hawkin, Ocean City (S), Sea Isle City (S), Wildwood (UP.) 
Cape May.—Cold Spring. 


Eupatorium resinosum Torr. Resinous Boneset. 


Eupatorium resinosum Torrey in D. C. Prodr. V. 176. 1836 [New Jersey]. 
—Knieskern 17,—Willis 30—Britton 130.—Keller and Brown 320. ~ 


Wet bogs of the Pine Barrens. 

This is a species which does not associate with the other white 
Bonesets, unless it be with E£: lewcolepis. It is strictly a Pine 
Barren species frequenting the great natural bogs in the heart of 
the region where grow Xyris congdoni, X. fimbriata, Eriocaulon 
decangulare, Gyrostachys precox, Helianthus angustifolius, Lo- 
belia canbyi, etc., and is not known to occur outside of New 
Jersey. 

At Manahawkin, where the Pine Barren swamps come well out 
to the coast and the range of this species meets that of E. per- 
foliatum, Mr. Bayard Long has discovered an interesting hybrid 
between the two. 

Fl.—Mid-August into September. 


Pine Barrens—Ocean Beach (C), Manchester (NB), Lakehurst, Forked 
River, Hornerstown, Toms River, Manahawkin, Whitings (C), Cedar Grove 
(8), Brown’s Mills (KB), Quaker Bridge, Parkdale, Speedwell (S), Atsion, 
Atco, Malaga (C), Blue Anchor, Ancora (CDL), Bear Swamp (5), Ham- 
monton, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Hospitality Branch, Twelfth St, New Ger- 
many (KB), Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, Absecon. 


47 MUS 


738 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Eupatorium ageratoides L. f. White Sanicle. 
Eupatorium ageratoides Linneus, Fil. Suppl. 355. 1781 [Canada and Vir- 
ginia}.—Britton 130. ; : 
Frequent in rocky woods of the northern counties, rare south- 
ward in the Middle district, within our limits. 
Fl.—Late August into October. 


Middle District.—New Egypt, Vincentown (C), Cooper’s Creek (CP), Lit- 
tle Timber Creek (P), Mickleton (C), Swedesboro (CDL). 


Eupatorium aromaticum Linn. Smaller White Sanicle. 


Eupatorium aromaticum Linneus Sp. Pl. 839. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 
17.—Willis 30.—Britton 130—Keller and Brown 320. 

? Eupatorium verbenefolium Barton, II. 101. 1818. 

Sandy woodland of the Middle and Cape May districts, local. 
Not reported from north of our limits. 

Fl._—Early August into September. 

Middle District—Freehold (C), Squan (C), Burlington, Pemberton (C), 
Ashland (NB), Medford (S), Swedesboro (CDL). 


Pine Barrens.—Landisville. 
Cape May—Cape May (S). 


Eupatorium ccelestinum L. Mist Flower. 
Eupatorium coelestinum Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 838. 1753 [Carolina and Virginia]. 
—Britton 130.—Keller and Brown 320. 
Conoclinum coelestinum Knieskern 17. 

Frequent in open, sandy ground in the Cape May district, and 
local in the lower Middle district. 

This is one of the plants which gives a distinctive character to 
the flora of Cape May. Nowhere have I seen it so abundant as 
on the great stretches of open swamp land extending from the 
city westward to Cape May point, a region where fresh and salt 
marsh mingle and which is to a great extent ditched and drained 
to make possible the cutting of the “salt hay,” which grows 
luxuriantly. The haymaking is often in progress in midwinter 
and forms a rather striking picture for Christmas time. 

In late summer these grassy stretches are covered with the 
pink Sabatia stellaris, the purple Gerardia purpurea, and the 
blue misty heads of the present species, making. a fine display of 
color. This plant is often cultivated under the name of Agera- 
tum. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. —_739 


Fl.—Early August into September. 


Middle District —Swedesboro. 
Cape May.—Court House, Cold Spring, Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). 


WILLUGBAZYA Necker. 
Willugbzeya scandens (L.). Climbing Boneset. 


Pl. CXXIL, Fig. 2 


Eupatorium scandens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 836. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Mikania scandens Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 102. 1818—Knieskern 17.—Britton 
130. 

Frequent in sandy swamps of the Middle, Coast and Cape May 
districts and at Swartswood Lake, Sussex County, and on the 
Ramapo River, Bergen Co. Absent from the Pine Barrens, ex- 
cept as a coast intrusion along the large streams. 

This is our only trailing composite and is found climbing over 
low shrubs, -its stems twisting tightly around their twigs and 
branches. The foliage reminds one somewhat of the bind-weeds 
(Polygonum). 

Fl.—Early August to late September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Delaire, Lindenwold, Springdale (S), Med- 
ford (S), Blackwood, E. Clementon (S), Kaighns Pt, Camden, Willow 
Grove. 

Pine Barrens ?—Landisville. 

Coast Strip.—Spring Lake, Barnegat, Cox’s, Barnegat City (L), Surf City 
(L), Mays Landing (S), Ocean City (S), Palermo (S), Piermont, Wild- 


wood, 
Cape May.—Green Creek, Cold Spring (S), Court House, Cape May (S). 


KUHNIA L. 


Kuhnia eupatorioides L. False Boneset. 


Kuhnia eupatorioides Linnus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 1662. 1763 [Pennsylvania].— 
Willis 30.—Britton 130.—Keller and Brown 320. 


Limestone rocks on the upper Delaware and in sandy woods 
near New Brunswick, and at several stations in the Middle dis- 
trict within our limits. 

F].—Early August to mid-September. 

Middle District—-Birmingham (NB), Medford, Locust Grove (8). 


740 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


LACINARIA Hill.* 
Lacinaria spicata (L.). Button Snakeroot. 
Serratula spicata Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 819. 1753 [North America]. 
Liatris spicata Knieskern 17.—Willis 29—Britton 131. 
Lacinaria spicata Keller and Brown 321. 

Frequent; open moist ground in the northern counties and 
occasional in the Middle district within our limits. Rare on 
the Coast strip. 

The statement in Keller and Brown’s List that this species is 
cominion in the Pine Barrens is an error, as we have no record 
from that district. The species of that region is the following. 

Fl.—Mid-August to late September. 

Middle District—Squan (C), New Egypt, Griffith’s Swamp (C), Gloucester 


Co., Mickleton (C). 
Coast Strip—Bay Head, Pt. Pleasant (C), Manahawkin. 


Lacinaria graminifolia pilosa (Ait.). Hairy Button Snakeroot. 


Serratula pilosa Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 138. 1789 [North America]. 
Liatris pilosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 508. 1814. 

Liatris graminifolia dubia Knieskern 17,—Willis 29.—Britton 131. 
Lacinaria graminifolia pilosa Keller and Brown 321. 

Common in sandy ground in the Pine Barrens, Coast Strip 
and Cape May peninsula, and locally in the Middle district in 
so-called “Pine Barren islands.’ The true graminifolia does 
not occur in the State, and the contrary statements in Willis’ and 
Britton’s Catalogues prove to be erroneous. : 

The wand-like spikes of purple blossoms of the Button Snake 
root are to be seen on every hand in the Pine Barrens in late 
summer and early autumn. The general resemblance to the 
spikes of Aster concolor is rather striking. 

Fl.—Early August to late September. 

Middle District—Clementon, Lindenwold. 


Pine Barrens —Forked River, Manchester, Brown’s Mills (T), ‘Whitings 
(S), Jones’ Mill (S), Speedwell (S), Taunton, Clementon, Atco, Atsion, 


* Lacinaria scariosa (Serratula scariosa Linn., Sp. Pl. 818—Virginia) is 
recorded in Britton’s Catalogue from Keyport and near Newfoundland “‘evi- 
dently rare.” There are no specimens in the State herbarium, and I know 
of no further evidence of the plant occurring in New Jersey. 

The record for Hammonton in Keller and Brown’s list was an error. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY GAL 


Albion, Winslow, Landisville, Malaga (S$), Hammonton, Batsto, Quaker 
Bridge (S), Egg Harbor City, Absecon, Tuckahoe (S), Dennisville (S). 
Coast Strip—Beach Haven Terrace (L), ‘West Creek (S), Atlantic City 
(S), Piermont, Anglesea. 
Cape May.—Bennett, Cape Pt. (S). 


CHRYSOPSIS Nuttall. 
Chrysopsis falcata (Pursh.). Sickle-leaved Golden Aster. 


Inula falcata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 532. 1814 [New Jersey]. 
Inula (Chrysopsis) mariana b. falcata Nuttall, Gen. II. 151. 1818. 
Chrysopsis falcata Knieskern 18.—Willis 32—Britton 131.—Keller and Brown 
32I. 

Locally in dry sands of the Pine Barrens; not common. 

This plant prefers bare open stretches of white sand, where 
Arenaria caroliniana, Lechea racemulosa and Hudsonia ericoides 
are found. Many such areas around the sites of former forges 
or wayside inns are now appropriated by these plants, such as at 
Quaker Bridge, Speedwell, etc. 

Fl.—Early July to early September. 


Pine Barrens—Toms River, Speedwell, Atsion, Quaker Bridge, Batsto, 
Hammonton,* 


Chrysopsis mariana (L.). Golden Aster. 


Inula Mariana Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 1240. 1763 [North America].—Pursh, 
Fl. Am. Sept. II. 531. 1814. 
Chrysopsis mariana Knieskern 18.—Britton 132. 


Dry sandy ground; common in the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May district and locally in the Middle district, occurring north 
of our limits only at a few stations in Mercer and Middlesex 
Counties and near Morristown. 

Fl—E arly August to early September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Hartford, Medford (S), Locust Grove (S$), 
Westville, W. Deptford, Camden, Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Long Branch, Forked River, Cedar Grove (S), Clementon, 
Pen Bryn (S), Ashland, Albion, Atco, Cedar Brook, Kenilworth (S), Lan- 
disville (T'), Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, Tuckahoe, Egg Harbor 


City, Dennisville (S). 
Cape May.—Cape May. 


* The record given in Keller and Brown’s list for Atlantic City is an error, 
there is no such specimen in the Botanical Club collection. 


742 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


CHONDROPHORA Nuttall. 

Chondrophora nudata (Michx.). Rayless Goldenrod. 
Chrysocoma nudata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. ror. 1803 [Carolina]. 
Chrysocoma virgata Nuttall, Gen. II. 137. 1818 [New Jersey]. 

Bigelovia nudata Willis 32.—Britton 133. 
Bigelovia nudata var. virgata Britton 132. 

The occurrence of this species in the State seems to be based 
vpon the statement of Willis that it is found at Blue Bell, Mon- 
mouth Co., and of Gray that it occurs in “low pine barrens.” 
Both are based in all probability upon Nuttall’s record of C. 
virgata, which they regarded as identical with nudata. 

The form known as virgata was described by Nuttall from 
“the borders of swamps in New Jersey near the sea coast.” He 
adds that it is “nearly allied to C. nudata, but distinct, and resem- 
bles more Solidago tenuifolia, with which it might easily be 
confounded.” Notwithstanding the fact that New Jersey is the 
type locality for vir gata—in fact the only locality mentioned—the 
name is used, probably rightly, for a southern plant in Britton 
and Brown’s Illustrated Flora and other works. The type 
labelled “New Jersey” is still preserved in the herbarium of the 
Philadelphia Academy, but doubtless the label is the result of a 
slip of memory on Nuttall’s part. For a further discussion of 
the probability of Nuttall’s type coming from elsewhere cf. 
Harper Torreya 1911, 92. . 


SOLIDAGO L. 


Key to the Species. 


a, Tips of the involucral bracts erect and appressed. 
b. Heads in axillary clusters, or also in a terminal spike-like thyrsus, 
(usually simple, rarely branched). 
c. Heads chiefly in axillary clusters, achenes pubescent. 
d. Leaves lanceolate or oblong. S. c@sia, p. 744 
dd. Leaves broadly oval, contracted into margined petioles. 
S. flexicaulis, p. 744 
ec. Heads chiefly in a terminal, spike-like thyrsus, achenes glabrous 
or nearly so. 


d. Rays white, stem pubescent. S. bicolor, p. 744 

dd. Rays yellow, stem glabrous or nearly so. S. erecta, p. 745 

bb. Heads entirely in a terminal simple, or branched, spike-like thyrsus, 
c. Bracts of the involucre acute. S. puberla, p. 745 


cc. Bracts obtuse. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 743 


d. Upper leaves abruptly smaller and appressed. S. stricta, p. 746 
dd. Upper leaves becoming gradually smaller, not appressed. 
S. speciosa 
bbb. Heads in a terminal, usually large panicle; secund on its spreading 
or recurved branches. 
c. Plant maritime, leaves thick, fleshy, entire. S. sempervirens, p. 746 
cc. Plants not maritime, leaves not fleshy. 
d. Leaves pinnately veined, not triple nerved. 
e. Leaves all entire, thin and glabrous, lanceolate. 
S. odora, p. 747 
ee. Leaves, at least the lower ones, dentate or serrate. 
f. Stem densely pubescent, leaves more or less so. 
g. Leaves rugose, veiny, sharply serrate. 
S. rugosa, p. 747 
gg. Leaves not rugose, only sparingly dentate, some 
entire. S. fistulosa, p. 748 
ff. Stem glabrous, puberulent, or pubescent only above. 
g. Leaves very scabrous on the upper surface, ser- 
rulate. S. patula, p. 748 
gg. Leaves smooth, or minutely pubescent on the up- 
i per surface. 
h, Racemes few, very slender, widely divergent. 
S. ulmifolia, p. 748 
hh, Racemes numerous, spreading, recurved or 


ascending. 
i. Leaves all oblong or oblong lanceolate, 
sessils. S. elliottit, p. 748 


at. Lower leaves, at least, petioled; lanceolate 
or ovate lanceolate. 

j. Leaves thin, lower cauline and basal 
leaves abruptly narrowed to the pe- 
tioled base. Heads 5-7 mm. high. 

*  S. arguta, p. 750 
jj. Leaves firm, lanceolate or ovate lan- 
ceolate, tapering gradually to the base. 
k. Panicle usually as broad as high, 
rays 8-12. S. juncea, p. 750 
kk. Panicle usually longer than broad. 
l. Plant more robust, leaves 
broader, rays 3-8. 
S. neglecta, p. 749 
lJ. Plant slender, leaves narrower, 
tays 2-5. S. uniligulata, p. 750 
dd. Leaves triple nerved (i. ¢., a pair of lateral veins stronger 
than the others). 
e. Lower leaves much longer than the reduced upper ones, 
leaves firm, whole plant whitish with close puberulence. 
S. nemoralts, p. 751 
ee. Leaves essentially uniform from base to summit, lanceo- 
late, not whitish. 


744 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


f. Involucre 2-2.8 mm. long, stem glabrous below, pu- 
bescent above, leaves glabrous above, pubescent on 
the veins beneath, mostly sharply serrate. 

S. canadensts, p. 751 
ff. Involucre 3.2-5 mm. long. 

g. Stem closely and minutely pubescent throughout, 
leaves minutely pubescent above, short pilose be- 
neath, toothed. S. altissima, p. 75% 

gg. Stem glabrous throughout (sometimes pubescent 
in the inflorescence). 
h. Leaves quite smooth on both sides. 
S. serotina, p. 750 
hh. Leaves slightly pubescent beneath, especially 
on the nerves. S. serotina gigantea, p. 750 


Solidago czsia L. Blue-stemmed Goldenrod.* 
Solidago cesia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 879. 1753 [North America].—Willis 31— 
Britton 132. 
In woods; frequent in the northern counties, much less com- 
mon southward in the Middle and Cape May districts only. 
Fi_—Late August to early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Westmont (S), Mickleton (NB), Swedes- 
boro. 
Cape May.—Cape May (S). 
Solidago flexicaulis L. Zig-zag Goldenrod. 


Solidago flexicaulis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 879. 1753 [Canada]. 
Solidago latifolia Willis 31.—Britton 132. 


In woods; frequent in the northern counties, very rare within 
our limits and confined to the Middle district. : 
Fi.—tate August to early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Camden Co. (C). 


Solidago bicolor L. White Goldenrod. 


Solidago bicolor Linneus, Mantissa 114. 1767 [North America].—Knieskern 
18,—Britton 132. 
Dry woods and open sandy ground; frequent throughout the 
State. The only white Goldenrod. 
Fl.—Late August to early October. 


* The record of S. squarrosa for Westville (KB) was an error for West- 
town, Pa. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 745 


Middle District—New Egypt, Orchard (S), Haddonfield. 

Pine Barrens —Forked River, Cedar Brook, Malaga, Landisville (T), Egg 
Harbor City, Absecon, Dennisville (S). 

Cape May.—Bennett (S). 


Solidago erecta Pursh. Slender Goldenrod. 


Solidago erecta Pursh., Fl. Am. Sept. 542. 1814 [North America].—Keller 
and Brown 323. 
Solidago speciosa var. angustata Britton 133. 

Frequent in the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula, rare 
and local in the Middle district. 

This species has been very generally confused with S. hispida 
Muhl (==S. bicolor var. concolor T. and G.) and the records given 
for that species in the several lists of southern New Jersey plants . 
really refer to this, as shown by many of the actual specimens 
upon which the records were based. S. hispida does not occur 
within our limits so far as I have been able to ascertain. 

Solidago erecta is often associated with and resembles in gen- 
eral way S. puberula, but can readily be distinguished by the 
blunt bracts of the involucre, which contrast with the acute bracts 
of the latter species. 

Fl.—Early August to late September. 

Middle District.—Lindenwold. 
Pine Barrens—Forked River, West Creek (S), Taunton (S), Atsion (C), 
Clementon, Malaga (S$), Albion, Winslow (P), Pen Bryn (S), Middletown, 


Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing (S), Palermo (8S), Seaville 


(S). ; 
Cape May.—Court House (S), Bennett (8). 


Solidago puberula Nutt. Downy Goldenrod. 


Solidago puberula Nuttall, Gen. IJ. 162. 1818 [near Amboy, N. J.]—Wiillis 
31.—Britton 133.—Keller and Brown 323. 


Frequent in the Pine Barrens and Cape May peninsula, and 
occasional in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early September to early October. 


Middle District—Keyport (Bassett), New Egypt, Pemberton (KB), Man- 
tua (KB), Lindenwold, Dividing Creek (8S). 

Pine Barrens—Toms River (KB), West Creek (S), Woodmansie, Browns 
Mills Jnc. (KB), Atsion, Whitings (S), Clementon, Taunton, Jackson, New 
Germany (KB), Landisville, Hammonton (S$), Egg Harbor City, Absecon 
(KB), Mays Landing (KB), Tuckahoe. 

Cape May.—Bennett (S).* 


* Lippincott’s record for Anglesea (KB) proves to belong to S. fistulosa. 


746 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Solidago stricta Ait. Wand-like Goldenrod. 


Solidago stricta Aiton, Hort. Kew III. 216. 1787 [North America].—Pursh, 
Fl. Am. Sept. II. 540. 1814.—Britton 133.—Keller and Brown 323. 


Damp, sandy spots in the Pine Barrens, finding here the 
northern limit of its range. . 

A species of the east central or most typical portion of the Pine 
Barrens coming down in some spots, as at West Creek, quite to 
the edge of the salt marshes. 

Fl.—Mid-August to late September. 

Pine Barrens.—Forked River, West Creek (S), Cox’s, Woodmansie (KB), 


Jones Mill (S), Atsion (C), Quaker Bridge (P), Winslow (C), Hammon- 
ton, Egg Harbor City.* 


Solidago sempervirens L. Sea-side Goldenrod. 


Pl. CXXIL., Fig. 1. 


Solidago sempervirens Linneus, Sp. Pl. 878. 1753 [New York and Canada]. — 
Knieskern 18.— Willis 31—Britton 133.—Keller and Brown 324. 


Common along the salt marshes of the coast and up the Dela- 
ware, casually to Camden; also along the tidewater creeks for 
some miles back into the Pine Barrens. Occasionally intro- 
duced inland along railroads. 

This great fleshy-leaved Goldenrod is probably the handsomest 
species of the genus. It abounds in all sorts of situations along 
the coast and is one of the most conspicuous of the autumnal 
flowers. I have found some sprays still in bloom on Thanks- 
giving Day. 

Fl.—Early September to early October, sporadically later. 

Maritime.—Sandy Hook, Seaside Park, Barnegat Pier, Island Heights 
Jnc., Spray Beach (L), Barnegat, West Creek (S), Absecon, Atlantic City, 
Ocean City, Palermo (S), Sea Isle Jnc. (S), Anglesea, Wildwood, Cold 
Spring (S), Bennett, Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S), Dennisville (S). 

Middle District—Camden. 


Pine Barrens.—Whitings, Landisville, Richland (T), Winslow (T), Pleas- 
ant Mills. 


* The record given by Keller and Brown on authority of the late U. C. 
Smith for Anglesea cannot be verified, and seems extremely unlikely. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 747 


Solidago odora Ait. Fragrant Goldenrod. 
Pl. CXXVI. 
Solidago odora Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 214. 1789 [N. America].—Barton, 

Fl. Phila. II. rar. 1818.—Knieskern 18.—Britton 135. 

In dry woods; frequent throughout our region, especially in 
the Pine Barrens and occasional in the northern counties. 

This species, S. fistula, rugosa, neglecta, erecta and puberula 
are the most generally distributed Goldenrods of the Pine Bar- 
rens, although none of them are restricted to the region, as is the 
more local S. stricta. 

S. odora is the first to bloom and is found in dry, open, swampy 
woods, associated with Helianthus divaricatus, Ionactis linarii- 
folius, Sericocarpus asteroides, S. linifolius, ete. 

The natives were accustomed in old days to make a very 
pleasant “tea” from the leaves. 

Fl.—Mid-July to late August. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Burlington, Wenonah, Clementon, Mickleton 
(NB), Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens—Quaker Bridge (NB), Bear Swamp (S), Waterford, Win- 
slow (S), Landisville, Egg Harbor City, Mays Landing, Tuckahoe (S), 
Manumuskin (S). 


Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L), Surf City (L), N. Beach Haven (L). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Bennett. 


Solidago rugosa Mill. Wrinkle-leaved Goldenrod. 
Solidago rugosa Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8. No. 25. 1768 [Cultivated plant].— 
Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 123. 1818.—Britton 134. 

Fields and thickets; common throughout the State, except 
in the Pine Barrens, where it is only occasional. 

Prof. Fernald has identified specimens from Mickleton and 
Egg Harbor City as S. aspera Ait, but I cannot regard the 
characters cited in the New Gray’s Manual as of sufficient con- 
stancy or weight to warrant the separation of this form from S. 
rugosa, even as a subspecies. 

Fl.—Late August to late September. 

Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, New Lisbon (P), Brown’s 
Mills (P), Delanco (S), Medford (S), Clementon (S), Lawnside (S$), 
Washington Park, Mickleton, Salem (S), Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. 


Coast Strip—Forked River, Manahawkin, Barnegat City (L), Ship Bot- 
tom (L), Atlantic City (S), Wildwood, Tuckahoe ($). 


748 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Cape May.—Fishing Creek (OHB), Cold Spring (5), Bennett. 
Pine Barrens—Landisville, Egg Harbor City. 


Solidago fistulosa Mill. Pine Barren Goldenrod. 


Solidago fistulosa Miller, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8. No. 19. 1768 [North America].— 
Keller and Brown 324. 
Solidago pilosa Britton 135. 
Frequent in swamps of the Pine Barren, Coast and Cape May 
districts, and occasional in the lower Middle district. 
Fl.—tLate August to late September. 


Middle District—Haddonfield (KB), Clarksboro, Mickleton (KB), Swedes- 
boro, Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens—Bay Head (C), Toms River (NB), Forked River, West 
Creek (S), Woodmansie (KB), Atsion, Cedar Grove (S), Landisville, 
Eighth St. Hospitality Br., Malaga (P), Hammonton (KB), Egg Harbor 
City, Palermo, Tuckahoe, Sea Isle Jnc. (S). 

Coast Strip—Seaside Park, Barnegat Pier, Brant Beach (L,), Barnegat 
City (1), Peahala (L,), Holgate’s (L), Ocean City (S$), Piermont (S), 
Anglesea, Cape May (S). 

Solidago patula Muhl. Rough-leaved Goldenrod. 
Solidago patula “Muhlenberg” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 2059. 1804 [Pennsyl- 
vania].—Willis 31—Britton 134— Keller and Brown 324. 

In swampy ground; locally in the northern counties, but very 

rare within our limits and confined to the Middle district. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Mickleton (NB). 


Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. Elm-leaved Goldenrod. 


Solidago ulmifolia “Muhlenberg” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 2060. 1804 [Penn- . 
sylvania].—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 120. 1818—Knieskern 18.—Britton 


134. 
In woods and thickets; frequent in the northern counties, but 
apparently rare within our limits and confined to the Middle and 
Coast districts. 
Fl.—Mid-August to late September. 


Middle District—Griffith’s Swamp. 
Coast Strip.—Cox’s, Manahawkin. 


Solidago elliottii T. & G. Elliott’s Goldenrod. 


Solidago Elliottii Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. A. II. 218 1841 [Cape Fear 
River, N. C., to Ga.].—Britton 135.—Keller and Brown 324. 


Rare and local; mainly confined to the coast region, but 
obtained by Parker at Brown’s Mills and reported by Britton 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 749 


from Mercer, Bergen and Hudson Counties. I have examined 

Parker’s specimen and confirmed his identification, but the other 

records given by Britton I have been unable to verify. 
Fl.—Early September to early October. 


Middle District—Brown’s Mills (P), Gloucester County. 
Pine Barrens?—Landisville. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin. 

Cape May.—North Cape May. 


Solidago neglecta T. & G. Swamp Goldenrod. 
Solidago neglecta Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. A. II. 213. 1841 [Mass. and N. Y. 
to N. C. and Ind.]._Britton 133—Keller and Brown 324. 

Frequent in bogs and swamps of the Pine Barren and Cape 
May districts, more especially near the coast and occasional in 
the Middle district; reported from a few stations in Middlesex, 
Bergen and Morris Counties north of our limits. 

This is the most common Goldenrod in swamps and bogs of 
the Pine Barrens and is subject to considerable variation. On 
the one hand it seems to pass by almost imperceptible gradations 
into the slender few rayed form that has been identified as S. 
uniligulata, while on the other it shows a tendency to S. speciosa. 
All records of the latter from our region prove to be S. neglecta, 
where specimens are extant, but it is possible that S. speciosa 
does grow in some of the bogs of the Middle district. 

Indeed Nuttall’s original specimens of S. speciosa came from 
“sandy woods, banks of the Schuylkill, also in New Jersey, but 
rare,” and Barton gives “S. petiolaris (—speciosa Nutt) one 
mile east of Woodbury, seven feet high.” 

At Lindenwold I have collected specimens with spike-like 
racemes not at all one-sided, but side by side with them was 
typical secund S. meglecta, absolutely identical in all other re- 
spects. In the same neighborhood, too, I collected a hybrid Soli- 
dago, in which the S. neglecta strain is apparently present. 

F].—Late August to early October. 


Middle District—Lindenwold, Mickleton, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Waretown, Browns Mills (KB), Clementon, Barnegat, 
Manahawkin, West Creek (S), Tuckerton (KB), Quaker Bridge (KB), 
Cedar Brook, Hammonton (S), Eighth St., Hospitality Br., Petersburg (S), 
Tuckahoe (S). 

Cape May.—Ocean City Jnc. (S), Goshen (5), Cape May (OHB). 


730 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Solidago uniligulata (D.C.). Few-rayed Goldenrod. 
Bigelovia (?) uniligulata D. C. Prodr. V. 329. 1836 [New Jersey and Vir- 
ginia to Carolina]. 
Solidago neglecta var. uniligulata Britton 133. 

Pine Barren swamps near the coast and at one station in 
the Middle district. 

This species is not clearly separable from S. neglecta, so far 
as I can judge, from rather scanty material, and seems to form 
one extreme of a series with typical neglecta at the other. 

Fl.—Early September to mid-October, apparently. 

Middle District—Two mi. N. W. of Mickleton. 


Pine Barrens.—Ferago (L,), Toms River (P), Forked River, Waretown, 
Tuckahoe (S). 


Solidago juncea Ait. Early Goldenrod. 
Solidago juncea Aiton, Hort. Kew. III., 213. 1789 [North America.]—Britton 
134. 
Very scarce in our limits, more common northward. 
Fl.—Mid-July to early September. 
Middle District—Two miles North of Mickleton, Lindenwold. 


Solidago arguta Ait. Cut-leaved Goldenrod. 


Solidago arguta Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 213. 1789 [North America].—Britton 
134.—Keller and Brown 325. 


Frequent or occasional in woods of the northern counties and 
very rare southward in the Middle district. 
Middle District—Two miles N. W. Mullica Hill (NB). 


* 


A beautiful tall Goldenrod with large heads and open inflores- 
cence growing plentifully in a strip of woodland below Atlantic 
City, where I collected it September 4, 1908, seems different 
from anything else that I have seen. Prof, Fernald suggests a 
hybrid between S. arguta and S. neglecta, but unfortunately 
neither is present on the island. 


Solidago serotina Ait. Late Goldenrod. 
Solidago serotina Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 211. 1789 [North America].—Knies- 
kern 18.—Britton 135. : 
Frequent in rich soil in thickets, etc., in the Northern, Middle 
and Coast districts. Some are referable to S. s. gigantea, which 
is doubtfully separable. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 751 


Fl.—Farly August to late September. 


Middle District—Delanco, Kaighn’s Pt., Fish House, Washington Park, 
Mickleton, Swedesboro. 
Coast Strip—Island Heights Jnc., Pleasant Mills. 


Solidago altissima L.* ‘Tall Goldenrod. 
Solidago altissima Linneus, Sp. Pl. 878. 1753 [N. America].—Knieskern 18. 
Solidago canadensis Britton 135 (in part). 

Frequent in the northern counties, occasional on the Coast 
strip, and probably in the Middle district. Apparently all our 
material is altissima. All specimens labelled canadensis that we 
have examined prove to be this. 

Fl.—Late August to early October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Mickleton, Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip.—Manahawkin, Spray Beach (LL), Cold Spring (S), Anglesea 
(OHB), Cape May (OHB). 


Solidago nemoralis Ait.; Field Goldenrod. 


Solidago nemoralis Aiton Hort. Kew. III. 213. 1789 [North America].— 

Knieskern 18.—Britton 135. 

Dry, open ground; frequent throughout the State. 

This species, more than any other of Goldenrod, shows 
a tendency to become a weed, and old fields and abandoned 
garden patches are often largely grown up with this Solidago 
associated especially with Gnaphalium obtusifolium. 

Fl].—Mid-August to late September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Haddonfield, Lawnside (S), Mickleton, 
Swedesboro, Salem (S), Beaver Dam. 

Pine Barrens—Forked River, Albion, Cedar Brook, Atco, Landisville, Egg 
Harbor City. 

Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Barnegat City (L), Spray Beach (L), Surf 
City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Atlantic City (S), Seaville (S), Wildwood, 
Cold Spring (S). 


EUTHAMIA Nuttall. 
Euthamia graminifolia (L.). Bushy Goldenrod. 


Chrysocoma graminifolia Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 841. 1753 [Canada]. 
Solidago lanceolata Britton 325. 


*Cé£ Fernald Rhodora 1908, 91, for a discussion of this species. 
+The record of S. rigida at Egg Harbor City, given by Keller and Brown, 
on authority of C. S. Williamson, I am informed by Mr. Williamson was an 


error. 


752 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


In moist open ground along the coast and perhaps common 
northward. 
Fl.—Late August to early October. 


Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Sea Girt, Spray Beach (L), Ship Bottom (L), 
Surf City (L), Beach Haven (L), Atlantic City (S), Tuckahoe (S). 


Euthamia graminifolia nuttallii (Greene). Nuttall’s Goldenrod. 
Euthamia Nuttallii Greene, Pittonia V:73. 1902 [Potomac Valley, Va., and 

Md.]. 

Moist, open ground; apparently common, except in the noe 
Barrens and Coast Strip. 

Fl.—Late August to early October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Hartford, Delair, Washington Park, Lawn- 
side (S), Pennsgrove, Mickleton (NB), Beaver Dam, Dividing Creek. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville. 

Cape May—Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Cape May. 

Euthamia floribunda Greene, Pittonia V., 74, 1902, was de- 
scribed from an apparently unique specimen obtained by J. H. 
Holmes at Pt. Norris, N. J., and was renamed polycephala by 
Fernald, Rhodera 1908: 92. Extremes of this plant, which has 
been since found at several stations, seem rather distinct, but 
others are intermediate and it is probably an individual variation 
of the last. A typical specimen is in the Philadelphia Academy 
collection from New Egypt, collected by J. H. Grove. 


Euthamia tenuifolia (Pursh.). Slender Bushy Goldenrod. 


Solidago tenuifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 540. 1814 [Pine Barrens, N. J- . 
Carolina].—Nuttall, Gen. II. 162. 1818—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 122. 
1818.—Knieskern 18. 

Solidago Caroliniana Britton 135. 

Euthamia Caroliniana Keller and Brown 325. 


Frequent throughout our region, and at New Durham, Hud- 
son Co., and Trenton, Mercer Co., north of our limits. 

A beautifully delicate species, especially abundant along the 
coast and conspicuous in the flower show of early autumn. 

Fl.—Late August to early October. 

Middle District—Delanco (S), Kaighns Pt., Camden, Ashland, Mickleton, 
Medford (S). F 

Pine Barrens.—Island Heights Jnc., West Creek (S), Quaker Bridge, 


Clementon, Albion, Hammonton (S), Landisville, Egg Harbor City, Tucka- 
hoe (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 753 


Coast Strip—Barnegat, Cox’s, Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Barne- 
gat City (L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Avalon, Wildwood. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Cold Spring (S), Cape May. 

BOLTONIA L’Heritier. 
Boltonia asteroides (L.). Aster-like Boltonia. 
Matricaria asteroides Linneus, Mantissa 116. 1767 [Pennsylvania “Barth- 
ram”. 
Boltonia as Long, Torreya 1908, 16. 

Open swamps in the southwestern part of the Cape May 
peninsula. First discovered in a swamp west of Bennett by 
Mr. Bayard Long July 24, 1907, and later found by the writer 
near Green Creek. Like many other plants peculiar to the Cape 
May region, it pushes up the Susquehanna Valley into Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. 

Cape May.—Bennett, Green Creek. 


SERICOCARPUS Nees. 
Sericocarpus linifolius (L.). Narrow-leaved White-top Aster. 


Conyza linifolia Linneus Sp. Pl. 861. 1753 [North America]. 
Aster Solidaginoides Barton, Fl. Phila. II. tog. 1818. 
Seriocarpus solidagineus Knieskern 17.—Willis 30. 
Sericocarpus linifolius Britton 136—Keller and Brown 326. 


Frequent in dry sandy woods of the Pine Blarrens, also occa- 
sional in similar situations in the Cape May and Coast districts, 
and locally in the Middle district, ranging north of our limits 
to a few stations in Bergen, Middlesex, Hunterdon and Mercer 


Counties. 
Fl.—Mid-June to mid-August. 

Middle District—Shark River, Farmingdale (S), Mickleton (C). 

Pine Barrens—Brindletown, Bamber, Manahawkin, Chatsworth, Speedwell 
(S), Atsion, Cedar Brook, Inskip, Folsom, Landisville, Richland (NB), 
Hammonton (C), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S). 

Coast Strip.—Anglesea. 

Cape May.—Fishing Creek. 


Sericocarpus asteroides (L.). White-top Aster. 


Conyza Asteroides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 861. 1733 [North America]. 
Aster conyzoides Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 109. 1818. 

Aster conyzoides var. plantaginifolius Nuttall Gen. II. 158. 1818. 
Sericocarpus conyzoides, Knieskern 17. 

Sericocarpus asteroides Britton 326. 


48 MUS 


754 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common in dry woods throughout the State. 
Fl.—tLate June to early August. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Arney’s Mt. (S), Haddon- 
field (S), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—New Lisbon, Clementon, Cedar Brook, Winslow (S), In- 
skip, Landisville. 

Coast Strip.—Ship Bottom (L,), Atlantic City (S). 

Cape May.—Cape May (S). 


ASTER L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Basal and some of the lower stem leaves cordate and slender petioled. 
b. None of the stem leaves cordate clasping. 
c. Rays white, plant not glandular. Aster divaricatus, p. 755 
cc. Rays violet, plant glandular. A, macrophyllus, p. 755 
cec. Rays blue or purple, plant not glandular. A. cordifolius, p. 755 
bb. Stem leaves, or some of them, cordate, clasping, rays violet or pale 
blue. A, undulatus, p. 756 
aa. No cordate and petioled leaves, but some at least of the stem leaves with 
more or less cordate or auricled clasping bases. 
b. Stem rough or hirsute pubescent. 
c. Leaves entire, oblong, linear or lanceolate. 


d. Stem rough, leaves oblong to oval. A, patens, p. 756 
dd. Stem hirsute, leaves lanceolate, clasping by an auriculate 
base. A, nove-anglie, p. 756 


cc. Leaves, at least the lower, serrate, stem hispid pubescent. 
A, puniceus, p. 757 
bb. Stem glabrous. 
c. Leaves sharply serrate, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate sessile. 
A, levis, p. 757 
cc. Leaves entire or nearly so. A. novi-belgii, p. 757 
aaa. Leaves not at all clasping. 
b. Leaves silvery canescent on both sides, heads in a narrow raceme. 


A. concolor, p. 757 
bb. Leaves not silvery canescent. 


c. Rays blue, pink or purple, head more than 20 mm. broad (except 


gracilis). 

d. Tips of the involucral bracts widely spreading. 
e. Heads 25 mm. broad. A. spectabilis, p. 758 
ee. Heads 12-18 mm. broad. A. gracilis, p. 758 


dd. Tips of the involucral bracts erect and appressed; heads 
25-35 mm. broad. 

e. Bracts coriaceous, oblong-spatulate, or oblong, leaves ses- 
sile, oblong lanceolate, rough above, somewhat pubescent 
beneath, sharply serrate, broad. A. radula, p. 750 

ee, Bracts linear, subulate, membranaceous, acute; leaves ses- 
sile, membranaceous, oblong lanceolate, puberulent, den- 
tate or entire. A. nemoralis, p. 750 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 755 


cc. Rays white (pink or bluish in dumosus), heads not over 20 
mm. broad. 
d. Heads solitary at the ends of slender branchlets. 
A, dumosus, p. 760 
dd. Heads paniculate or racemose. 
e. Paniculate, not in one-sided racemes, plants nearly gla- 
brous. ; 
f. Leaves lanceolate, somewhat serrate in the middle; 
heads 16-20 mm. broad. A. paniculatus, p. 760 
ff. Leaves linear lanceolate to subulate, entire or mostly 
so; heads 8-12 mm. broad. A. ericoides, p. 760 
ee, Heads racemose, one-sided on the branches. ‘ 
f. Stem leaves oval, oblong or lanceolate serrate or 
chiefly so; stem pubescent or glabrate. 
A. lateriflorus, p. 76% 
ff. Stem leaves linear lanceolate to linear, nearly entire, 


stem glabrate. A. vimineus, p. 761 

aaaa. Leaves fleshy, narrow, entire, maritime plants. 
b. Heads 12-25 mm. broad. A. tenuifolius, p. 761 
b. Heads 6-10 mm. broad. A. subulatus, p. 761 


Aster divaricatus L. White Wood Aster. 


Aster divaricatus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 873. 1753 [Virginia], 
Aster corymbosus Willis 30.—Britton 136. 
Common in rich woods of the northern counties and occasional 
or locally frequent in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Late August to early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Medford (S), Oaklyn (S), 
Springdale (S), Little Timber Creek (P), Mickleton (C), Swedesboro. 


Aster macrophyllus L. Large-leaved Aster. 


Aster macrophyllus Linneus Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 1232. 1763 [North America].— 
Willis 30.—Britton 136—Keller and Brown 328. 


Frequent in rich woods of the northern counties, but rare 
within our limits in the upper Middle and Cape May districts. 
Fi.—Early August to late September, probably. 


Middle District—Colt’s Neck, Mon. Co. (C), Timber Creek (P).. 
Cape May—Rio Grande (OHB). 


Aster cordifolius L. Blue Wood Aster. 


Aster cordifolius Linneus, Sp. Pl. 875 [America].—Knieskern 17.—Britton 
137. 


756 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common in rich woods of the northern counties, rare within 
our limits and confined to the upper part of the Middle district. 
Fl.—Mid-September to mid-October. 


Middle District—New Egypt. 


Aster undulatus L. Wavy-leaved Aster. 
Aster undulatus Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 875 [North America], Britton 137. 


‘Dry woods; common throughout the State. 
Fl.—Early September to mid-October. 


Middle District—Birmingham, W. Deptford, Swedesboro, Merchantville 
(P). 

Pine Barrens—Manahawkin, Atco, Cedar Brook, Malaga, Landisville, Egg 
Harbor City. 

Cape May.—Bennett (S$). 


Aster patens Ait. Late Purple Aster. 


Aster patens Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 201. 1789 [Virginia].—Barton, Fl. Phila. 
I. 113. 1818—Knieskern 17.—Britton 137. ; 


Dry soil; apparently common throughout the State. 
Fl.—Mid-August to early October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Medford (S), Orchard (S), Blackwood, 
Ashland, W. Deptford. 

Pine Barrens.—Barnegat, Whitings (S), Atsion (S), Taunton (S), Cedar 
Brook, Newtonville, Landisville (T’), Vineland (S), Hammonton, Batsto, 
Egg Harbor City (S), Weymouth (T), Mays Landing (S), Seaville (S). 


Aster nove-angliz L. New England Aster. 


Aster nove-anglie Linneus, Sp. Pl. 875 [New England].—Britton 139.—Keller 
and Brown 329. 


Common in the northern district, but rare within our limits, 
occurring only in the Middle, Coast and Cape May districts, 
escaping from cultivation in some localities. 

Fl.—Early September to mid-October. 

Middle District—New Lisbon (C), Pemberton (C), Mannington (C), 
Daretown (C), Camden (CP). 

Pine Barrens——Toms River (P), Ancora (CP), (Escapes?). 


Cape May.—Rio Grande (OHB). 
Coast Strip—Wildwood (UP). 


* A. phlogifolius has been reported from Atco by Britton on authority of 
Parker, but there is no specimen in his herbarium, and I can find no evidence 
of the occurrence of the species within our limits. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 757 


Aster puniceus L. Purple-stemmed Aster. 
Aster puniceus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 875. 1753 [North America].—Britton 139. 


Common in swamps of the northern counties and locally 
frequent in the Middle and Cape May districts, also occasional 
on the coast. 

Fi.—Late August to early October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Washington Park, Mickleton, Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip.—Below Mays Landing. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 


Aster lzevis L. Smooth Aster. 
Aster levis Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 876. 1753 [N. America].—Britton 139. 


Frequent in the northern counties, very rare within our limits 
and known from but one locality. 
Fl.—Early September to early October. 


Middle District—Camden (P). 


Aster novi-belgii L. New York Aster. 
Aster novi-belgti Linneus, Sp. Pl. 877 [Virginia and Penna.].—Britton 138. 


Aster novi-belgii var. elodes Britton 139—Keller and Brown 330. 
Aster novi-belgii var. litoreus Britton 138. 


Frequent throughout the State; most abundant on the coast, 
so far as southern Niew, Jersey is concerned. 

I fail to distinguish the so-called varieties of this Aster; they 
seem to be simply individual forms of a variable species, with 
little or no constancy. 

Fl.—Early September to late October. 


Middle District—Keyport (NB), Farmingdale (S), New Egypt, Cross- 
wicks, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Toms River (S), Island Heights Jnc., Chatsworth, Kenil- 
worth (S), Clementon, Cedar Brook, Malaga (P), Atsion (P), Absecon, 
Hammonton (S), Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City, Sea Isle Jnc. (S), Ocean 
City Jnc. (S). 

Coast Sirip—Seaside Park (S), Barnegat, West Creek (S), Barnegat City 
(L), N. Beach Haven (L), Surf City (L), Beach Haven Crest (L), Atlantic 
City (P), Palermo (S), Piermont (S), Wildwood. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB), Cape May (OHB). 


Aster concolor L. Silvery Aster. 


Aster concolor Linneus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 1228. 1763 [Virginia]—Pursh, Fi. 
Am. Sept. II. 548. 1814.—Barton FI. Phila. II. 110. 1818—Knieskern 
17.—Willis 30—Britton 137Keller and Brown 330. 


758 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent in dry sandy ground in the Pine Barrens and locally 
in the Middle and Cape May districts. 
Fl.—Late August to early October. 


Middle District—Burlington, Southburg (C), Medford, Ashland, Linden- 
wold, Mickleton (C), Jericho (C), W. Deptford. 

"Pine Barrens.—Prospertown, Manchester (NB), Whitings (S), Stafford- 
ville, Speedwell (S), Jones Mill (S), Atsion, Clementon, Albion, Cedar 
Brook, Atco, Berlin, Malaga (S), Taunton (S), Landisville, Quaker Bridge 
(S), Hammonton, Batsto (P), Mays Landing, Elwood (P). 

Cape May.—Cape May (S). 


Aster spectabilis Ait. Showy Aster. 


Aster spectabilis Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 209. 1789 [North America].—Nut- 
tall, Gen. II. 157. 1818.—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 117. 1818—Knieskern 
17.—Willis 30.—Britton 137.—Keller and Brown 330. 

Aster surculosus Britton 137—Keller and Brown 330—Robinson and Fernald, 
Rhodora 1g09. 58. 

Common in dry sandy ground in the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May peninsula, and locally in the Middle district, occurring at 
only three stations north uf our limits in Morris, Mercer and 
Middlesex Counties. 

The most showy Aster of our region, with flower heads often 
35 mm. in diameter. 

Robinson and Fernald have disposed of the original New 
Jersey record of Aster surculosus by showing that it was based 
upon a specimen of A. spectabilis, and all specimens of alleged 
surculosus that I have examined prove to be the same thing. 

Fl.—Late July to late September. 


Middle District—Medford, Ashland, Haddonfield, Westmont (S), Wood- 
bury (P), Mickleton. 

Pine Barrens.—Asbury Park. (NB), Deal, Brindletown, Brown’s Mills. 
(P), Forked River, Pasadena, Manchester (NB), Bamber, Whitings, Speed- 
well, Chatsworth, Taunton (S), Jackson, Clementon, Bear Swamp (S), Al- 
bion, Pen Bryn (S$), Atco, Winslow (S), Landisville, Newfield, Hammon- 
ton, Quaker Bridge (P), Pleasant Mills, Folsom, Egg Harbor City, Dennis- 
ville. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


im 


Aster gracilis Nutt. Slender Aster. 


Aster gracilis Nuttall, Gen. II. 158. 1818 [Kentucky and Tennessee].—Brit- 
ton 137.—Keller and Brown 330. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 759 


Common in dry sandy woods of the Pine Barrens and Cape 
May peninsula, and occasional in the southern part of the Middle 
district and the Coast Strip. 

Fl. Late July to early September. 

Middle District—Dividing Creek, Bridgeton. 

Pine Barrens.—Forked River (NB), Manahawkin, Bamber, Chatsworth, 
Winslow Jnc., Waterford, Landisville, Hammonton, Pancoast (NB), Quaker 
a Pleasant Mills (P), Egg Harbor City, Tuckahoe (S), Dennisville 

Coast Strip—Ocean City (S). 

Cape May.—Court House, Bennett. 


Aster radula Ait. Low Rough Aster. 
Aster Radula Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 210. 1789 [Nova Scotia].—Willis 30.— 
Britton 136.—Keller and Brown 330. 
Bogs of the Middle district, rare; also one record for the edge 
of the Pine Barrens and one for Morris County. 
Fl.—Early August to early September. 


Middle District—Southburg (C), Bricksburg (NB), Merchantville (P), 
Griffith’s Swamp, Mickleton (BH), Swedesboro (CDL).* 


Aster nemoralis Ait. Bog Aster. 
Aster nemoralis Aiton, Hort. Kew. III. 198. 1789 [Nova Scotia].—Knies- 
kern 17.—Willis 31.—Britton 139—Keller and Brown 330. 

Frequent in Cedar Swamps of the Pine Barrens reaching here 
the southern limit of its distribution. 

This is distinctly the Aster of the Cedar Swamps and cold 
bogs,-where most of the other stragglers from the north find 
congenial surroundings. It does not range farther south than 
the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, and Absecon seems to be our 
southernmost record, although it no doubt extends farther, cer- 
tainly to Mays Landing.+ 

Fl.—Mid-August to late September. 


* Mr. U. C. Smith’s record in Keller and Brown’s list for Egg Harbor City 
cannot be verified, and is, without much doubt, due to a misidentification, in- 
asmuch as a number of his specimens of this genus are wrongly named. 

+The record for Swedesboro (KB) should have been Atco according to 
Mr. Lippincott’s herbarium. 

Nuttall (Gen II. 155) records Aster paludosus “from Cape May County, 
New Jersey, to Florida on the margins of open swamps,” but there is nothing 
to substantiate the record. 


760 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Pine Barrens.—Toms River (S), Forked River, Waretown, Pasadena, West 
Creek (S), Tuckerton, Bamber, Jones’ Mill (S), Speedwell, Chatsworth, 
Atsion (P), Parkdale (S), Kenilworth (S$), Brown’s Mills (KB), Cedar 
Brook, Hammonton, New Germany, Eighth St. Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor 
City, Absecon (S). 


Aster dumosus L. Bushy Aster. 
Aster dumosus Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 873. 1753 [North America].—Britton 138. 


Sandy woods, etc.; frequent in the Pine Barren, Coast and 
Cape May districts and locally in the Middle district, also in 
Sussex County. 

Much of our material, especially from the Pines, is referable 
to the form coridifolius, but all sorts of variations occur. 

Fl.—Late August to early October. 

Middle District—Medford (S), Ashland, W. Deptford, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens Forked River, Island Heights Jnc., West Creek (S), Whit- 
ings (S), Cedar Grove (S), Speedwell (S), Taunton (S), Clementon (S), 
Atco, Waterford, Cedar Brook, Pen Bryn (S), Landisville, Batsto, Belle- 
plain (S). 

Coast Strip.—Seaside Park, Surf City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Beach Haven 


(L). 
Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Court House (S), Bennett. 


Aster paniculatus Lam. White-panicled Aster. 
Aster paniculatus Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 306. 1783 [N. America].—Britton 138. 
—Keller and Brown 331. 
Common throughout the northern counties in low ground, 
occasional southward in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early September to late October. 


Middle District—Fancy Hill, Washington Park, Mickleton (KB), Swedes- 
boro. 
Pine Barrens—Landisville, Mays Landing (C) probably introduced. 


Aster ericoides L. Heath Aster. 


Aster ericoides Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 875. 1753 [North America].—Britton 138. 


In dry open ground; common throughout the northern coun- 
ties, less common southward, but does not occur in the Pine 
Barrens, except as a weed in cleared or cultivated ground. 

Fl.—Late August to mid-October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville (as a weed). 


Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Absecon. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Cape May (OHB). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 761 


Aster lateriflorus (L.). Starved Aster. 


Solidago lateriflorus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 879. 1753 [North America]. 
Aster lateriflorus Britton 138. ; 


Aster lateriflorus thyrsoideus Keller and Brown 331. 


Common in various situations in the northern counties and 
on the coast, locally elsewhere, except in the Pine Barrens, where 
it does not occur. 

Mr. Long thinks our coastal material is probably referable to 
var. thyrsoideus. It is low, with a dense inflorescence, but very 
variable. 

Fl.—Early September to mid-October. 


Middle District—Birmingham. 


Coast Strip—Waretown, Barnegat City (L), Surf City (1), Ship Bottom 
(L), Sea Isle City, Wildwood. 


Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Cape May (OHB). 


Aster vimineus Lam. Small White Aster. 
Aster vimineus Lamarck, Encycl. I. 306. 1783 [Canada].—Keller and Brown 
332. 
Frequent throughout our region, except in the Pine Barrens, 
where it is absent; also occasional in the northern counties. 
Fl.—Late August to mid-October. 


Middle District—Locust Grove (S), Lindenwold, Camden, W. Deptford, 
Riddleton. 


Pine Barrens—Landisville (as a weed). 
Coast Strip—Como, Barnegat City (L,), Wildwood. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S), Town Bank (OHB). 


Aster tenuifolius L. Large-flowered Salt Marsh Aster. 


Aster tenuifolius Linneeus, Sp. Pl. 873. 1753 [North America].—Britton 139. 
—Keller and Brown 332. 

Aster flexuosus Nuttall, Gen. II. 154 [Salt Marshes of N. J. and N. Y.].— 
Knieskern 18.—Willis 31. 


Salt marshes of the coast and lower Delaware Bay frequent. 
Fl._—Early September to early October. 
Maritime—Pt. Pleasant (S), Seaside Park (S), Barnegat Pier, Forked 


River, Ship Bottom (L,), Beach Haven (L), Absecon, Atlantic City, Ocean 
City, Palermo (S), Avalon, Wildwood, Anglesea, Cape May. 


Aster subulatus Michx. Smaill-flowered Salt Marsh Aster. 


Aster subulatus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 111 [Maritime Swamps, Penna. 
and Carolina].—Nuttall, Gen. II. 155. 1818—Britton 139.—Keller and 
Brown 332. 


762 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Common in salt marshes of the coast and lower Delaware Bay. 
This and the preceding are typical salt marsh species and occur 
in about equal numbers all along the coast.* 

Fl.—Early September to early October. 

Maritime.—Long Branch, Sea Girt, Seaside Park, Island Heights Jnc., 
Spray Beach (L), Barnegat City Jnc. (L), Ocean City, Palermo (S), Abse- 
con, Atlantic City, Wildwood, Holly Beach, Cold Spring (S), Cape May, So. 
Dennis (S$). 


ERIGERON L. 
Erigeron pulchellus Michx. Robin’s Plantain. 


Erigeron pulchellum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 124. 1803 [Canada, Penn- 
sylvania and Mts. of Carolina]. 
Erigeron bellidifolius Britton 140. 
Frequent in open woods and fields in the Northern and Middle 
districts, rare in the Cape May peninsula. 
Fl.—Early May to early June. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Birmingham, Medford (S), Sewell (S), 
Camden (C), Gloucester, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Downstown (T). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). ‘é 


Erigeron annuus (L.). Daisy Fleabane. 
Aster annuus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 875. 1753 [Canada]. 
Erigeron annuus Britton 140. 

Fields and roadsides throughout the State; so completely a 
weed that its original distribution cannot now be ascertained. 
Certainly not native of the Pine Barrens, however. 

Fl.—Early June into July, sporadically much later. 


Middle District—Pemberton (NB), Buckshutem. 
Coast Strip—Tucker’s (L). 


Erigeron ramosus (Walt.). Slender Daisy Fleabane. 


Doronicum ramosum Walter, Fl. Car. 205. 1788 [Carolina]. 
Erigeron ramosus Britton 140. 


Common in fields and roadsides throughout the State. Cer- 
tainly not native of the Pine Barrens, but now so much of a weed 


* Aster longifolius, A. concinnus and A. tradescanti have been recorded in 
the New Jersey lists as occurring within our range, but no herbarium speci- 
mens are extant, and our field researches have failed to detect them. These 
facts, together with the general difficulty in correctly naming species of this 
genus, are, I think, sufficient excuse:for ignoring them for the present. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 763 


that its original distribution elsewhere cannot be determined. 
Fl.—Early June into July. : 
Middle District—New Egypt, Westville, Swedesboro, Husted (S). 


Pine Barrens—Landisville, Hammonton. ; 
Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Barnegat City (L), Spray Beach (L). 


LEPTILON Rafinesque. 
Leptilon canadense (L.). Horse Weed. 


Erigeron canadense Linneus, Sp. Pl. 863. 1753 [Canada, Virginia] —Knies- 
kern 18.—Britton 140. 

Common in waste and cultivated ground throughout the State; 
everywhere a weed. Original distribution not now ascertainable, 
but certainly not native in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late July into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Kaighns Pt., Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip-—Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean City (S), Avalon. 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (S$). 


DCELLINGERIA Nees. 


s 
Deellingeria umbellata (Mill.). Tall Flat-top Aster. 


Aster umbellata Miller, Gard. Dist. Ed. 8. No. 22. 1768 [no locality].— 
Barton, Fl. Phila. IJ. 111. 1818—Britton 140. 

? Diplopappus amygdalinus Knieskern 18. 

Dellingeria umbellata Keller and Brown 333. 


Frequent in the Northern and Middle districts and along the 
Coast Strip in moist ground. 
Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Lindenwold, Camden, Atco, 
Sumner (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro. 

Coast Strip—Belmar, Forked River, Manumuskin, Sea Isle Jnc. (S). 

Cape May.—Bennett (S), Cold Spring (S). 


Deellingeria umbellata humilis (Willd.). Pine Barren Flat-top Aster. 


Aster humilis Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 2038. 1804 [Pennsylvania]. 
Deellingeria humilis Keller and Brown 333. 
Aster umbellatus var. humilis Britton 140. 
Open swamps in the Pine Barrens; not common. 
FI.—Mid-August to mid-September, probably. 
Pine Barrens—Ocean and Monmouth Counties (Kn), Egg Harbor City, 
Mays Landing (NB). 


764 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Doellingeria infirma (Michx.). Cornel-leaved Aster. 


Aster infirmus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 109. 1803 [Canada to Carolina in 
the mountains]. 

Diplopappus cornifolius Knieskern 18. 
Aster cornifolius Britton 140. 
Dellingeria infirma Keller and Brown 333. 

Frequent in the northern counties, rare within our limits, 
occurring only in the Middle district. 

Fl.—tLate July to late August. 

Middle District—Ocean and Monmouth Counties (Kn), Mickleton (C), 
Swedesboro. 


IONACTIS Greene. 
lonactis linariifolius (L.). Stiff-leaved Aster. 
Pl. CXXV. 


Aster linariifolius Linneus, Sp. Pl. 874. 1753 [North America].—Barton, FI. 
Phila. II. 110, 1818.—Britton 139. 

Diplopappus linariifolius Knieskern 18. 
Dry, sandy ground; frequent or occasional throughout the 

State. e 
Fl.—Early September to mid-October. 


Middle District Farmingdale, New Egypt, Medford (S), Clementon, W. 
Deptford. 

Pine Barrens—Manahawkin, Barnegat, Whitings (S), Jones’ Mill (S), 
Atsion ($), Taunton (S), Malaga (S$), Albion, Cedar Brook, Atco, Landis- 
ville, Vineland (S), Pleasant Mills, Egg Harbor City. 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


BACCHARIS L. 
Baccharis halimifolia L. Groundsel Bush. 
PI. CXXI, Fig. 1. 
Baccharis halimifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl: 860. 1753 [Virginia] —Knieskern 18. 
—Willis 32—Britton 141.—Keller and Brown 333. 

Common along the edges of the salt marshes on the coast and 
up the larger streams. Rarely in-the interior. 

A conspicuous shrub along the thoroughfares and borders of 
the salt marshes, especially in September, when the seeds are ripe 
and the bright tufts of silvery white pappus stand out in strong 
relief against the dark foliage. 


Fl.—Late August to late September. Fr.—Late September 
to late October. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 765 


Middle District—Burlington, Westville. 

Pine Barrens.—Landisville. 

Coast Strip.—Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Spring Lake (NB), Seaside Park, 
Forked River, Waretown, Ship Bottom (L), Cedar Bonnet (L,), Absecon, 
Atlantic City, Ocean City (S$), Avalon, Wildwood, Cape May, Dennisville 
(S), Salem. 


PLUCHEA Cassini. 


Flowering and Fruiting Data—In all the Inulee—Pluchea, 
Antennaria, Anaphalis and Gnaphalium—the season noted in- 
cludes from the beginning of the flowering period to the time of 
full maturity, when the heads break up. 


Pluchea feetida (L.). Viscid Marsh Fleabane. 


Baccharis fetida Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 861. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Pluchea fetida Britton 141.—Keller and Brown 334. 

Rare and confined to the lower part of the Cape May peninsula. 

This southern species was first discovered in the State by Mr. 
Isaac C. Martindale in the vicinity of Cape May, August 23d, 
1877, afid subsequently by Mir. C. F. Parker, July 24th, 1880. 
It was not collected again until August 11, 1909, when Mr. 
Stewardson Brown, in company with several other members of 
the Philadelphia Botanical Club, found a considerable patch of 
it in a meadow along Dias Creek a mile or more from the bay 
shore. 

Fl. and Fr —Full bloom August 11, 1909. 


Cape -May.—Dias Creek, Cape May (NB, CP and P). 


Pluchea camphorata (L.). Salt Marsh Fleabane. 


Erigeron camphorata Linneus Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 1212. 1763 [Virginia]. 
Pluchea camphorata Knieskern 18—Willis 32—Britton 141.—Keller and 


Brown 334. 
Salt marshes along the coast and lower Delaware Bay; 
common. A 
One of the most generally distributed of our maritime plants. 

Fl. and Fr.—tLate August to late October. 

Maritime —Sandy Hook, Long Branch, Pt. Pleasant, Island Heights Jnc., 
Barnegat Pier, Seaside Park, Forked River, Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City, 
Ocean City, Avalon, Piermont, Wildwood, Cold Spring (S), Cape May, Dias 
Creek (S), Dennisville (S). 


766 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


ANTENNARIA Gaertner. 
Antennaria neodioica Greene. Smaller Mouse-ear Everlasting 
Antennaria neodioica Greene, Pittonia III. 184. 1897 [Stroudsburg and Bush- 
kill, Pa.]. 

Frequent in the northern counties, less common and local 
farther south in the Middle and Coast districts. 

Fl. and Fr.—Late April to late May. 

Middle District—Delanco, ‘Wenonah, Sewell (S), Quinton, Riddleton, 


Tomlin, Hainesport, Millville. 
Coast Strip—Manahawkin, Cape May. 


Antennaria neglecta Greene. Field Mouse-ear. 
Antennaria neglecta Greene, Pittonia III. 173. 1897 [Washington, D. C.]. 


Frequent in dry ground in the Northern, Middle and Coast 
districts. 
Fi. and Fr —Mid-April to mid-May. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Delanco, Kinkora, Medford, Quinton, Rid: 
dleton. 

Pine Barrens.—Williamstown Jnc. (S$). . 

Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Manahawkin, Palermo, Cape May. 


Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.). Plantain-leaved Mouse-ear. 
Pl. CXXI, Fig. 2. 

Gnaphalium plantaginifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 850. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Antennaria plantaginifolia Knieskern 19.—Britton 141. 

Frequent in dry ground in the Northern, Middle and Cape 
May districts. 

Fl. and Fr.—lLate April to late May. 

Middle District—Bordentown, Beverly, Medford (S), Mantua, Sewell (S), 
Swedesboro, Riddleton, Quinton, Bridgeton. 


Pine Barrens.—Landisville, Palermo. 
Cape May.—Court House. 


Antennaria fallax Greene. Tall Mouse-ear. 
Antennaria fallax Greene, Pittonia III. 321. 1898 [Washington, D. C.]. 
Occasional in the Middle district in dry, open ground, proba- 


bly also in the northern counties. 
Fl. and Fr.—tlLate April to late May. 


Middle District—Bordentown, Hainesport, Woodbury, Millville, Medford, 
Mantua, Glassboro (S), Mickleton, Swedesboro, Quinton. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 767 


Antennaria parlinii Fernald. Parlin’s Mouse-ear. 


Antennaria Parlinii Fernald, Garden and Forrest X. 284. July, 1897 [N. 
Berwick, Me.]. 


Frequent or occasional in open woods in the Middle, Coast 
and Cape May districts. 
Fl. and Fr.—tLate April to late May. 


Middle District—Medford (S), Millville, Sewell (S), Riddleton, Wood- 
bury Hts. 

Pine Barrens.—Williamstown Jnc. (S), Albion. 

Coast Strip —Waretown, Barnegat, Staffordville. 

Cape May.—Court House (S), Bennett; Cape May. 


ANAPHALIS DC. 
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.). Pearly Everlasting. 


Gnaphalium margaritaceum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 850. 1753 [North America]. 
Antennaria margaritacea Knieskern 109. 
Anaphalis margaritacea Britton 141, 


Dry ground and clearings of the northern counties, occasional 
southward in all the districts. 
Fl. and Fr—Mid-July to late August. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), New Egypt, Camden, Jackson, Mickleton, 
Swedesboro, Sandy Hook (C). 

Coast Strip.—Sandy Hook (C), Long Branch, N. Spring Lake (C), Mana- 
hawkin, Spray Beach (L), Barnegat City (L), Ship Bottom (L), Beach 
Haven Terrace (L). 

Pine Barrens.—Chatsworth (C), Penbryn (S), Atco (C), Landisville. 


GNAPHALIUM L. 
Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. White Everlasting. 


Guaphalium obtusifolium Linneus, Sp. Pl. 851. 1753 [Virginia and Pennsyl- 
vania].—Britton 142. 
Gnaphalium polycephalum Knieskern 19. 


Common in dry open ground throughout the State, especially 
plentiful along the coast... 

Fl. and Fr—tlLate August to late September. 

Middle District,—Medford (S), Albion, Washington Park, Mickleton. 

Pine Barrens.—Speedwell (S), Tuckahoe (8S). 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook (T), Ship Bottom (L), Surf City (L), Spray 


Beach (L,), Atlantic City (S), Avalon. 
Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Cold Spring (S), Bennett (S). 


768 REPORT OF NEW. JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Low Cud-weed. 


Gnaphalium uliginosum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 856. 1753 [Europe].—Knieskern 
I9.—Britton 142. 
Northern and Middle districts; probably always a weed in our 
region, where it is only occasionaly found. 
Fl. and Fr.—Apparently late June into October. 


Middle District—Mickleton. 


Gnaphalium purpureum L. Purplish Cud-weed. 


Gnaphalium purpureum Linneus, Sp. Pl. 854. 1753 [Carolina, Virginia and 
Pennsylvania].—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 105. 1818.—Knieskern 19.—Brit- 
ton 142 


Frequent in dry open sandy ground throughout our region, 
and ranging north occasionally to Union, Bergen and Morris 
Counties. 

Especially common in open sandy tracts about deserted houses, 
abandoned fields, etc., where it takes on somewhat the character 
of a weed. 

Fl. and Fr.—Late May to early July, and sporadically through 
summer or even into autumn. 

Middle District—New Egypt (NB), Mantua, Mickleton, Swedesboro, Rid- 
dleton. ' 

Pine Barrens—Cedar Brook, Winslow Jnc., Quaker Bridge (NB), Landis- 
ville, Mays Landing (NB), Tuckahoe. 

Coast Strip.—Surf City (L), Spray Beach (L.), Beach Haven (L), Stone 


Harbor, Anglesea. 
Cape May.—Cape May, Cape May Pt. (S). 


HELIOPSIS Persoon. 


Heliopsis helianthoides (L.). -Ox-eye. 


Buphthalinum Helianthoides Linneus, Sp. Pl. 904. 1753 [North America]. 
Heliopsis levis Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 127. 1818—Knieskern 18. 
Heliopsis helianthoides Britton 143.—Keller and Brown 336. 


Frequent along streams and edges of woods in the northern 
counties ; rare within our limits in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early July to early September. 


Middle District—Ocean and Monmouth Cos. (Kn), Crosswicks (C), Cam- 
den, Westville. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 769 


RUDBECKIA L. 
Rudbeckia laciniata L. Tall Cone-flower., 


Rudbeckia laciniata Linnzeus, Sp. Pl. 906. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Knieskern 18—Britton 144. 


Low damp thickets or along streams ; frequent in the northern 
counties and less common southward in the Middle district, 
especially along the Delaware. 

Fl.—Late July to late September. 


Middle District—Monmouth and Ocean Cos. (Kn), New Egypt, Delair, 
Crosswicks (C), Kaighns Pt., Mickleton, Swedesboro. 


HELIANTHUS L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Disc purple or brownish. 
b. Leaves linear. H. angustifolius, p. 769 
bb. Leaves broad, ovate. [H. annuus]* 
aa. Dish yellow or yellowish. 
b. Leaves prevailingly lanceolate, scabrous at least above. 
c. Stem scabrous at least above, leaves sessile or nearly so, hirsute 
beneath. Hi. giganteus, p. 770 
cc. Stem glabrous, leaves sessile by a truncate base. 
H. divaricatus, p. 770 
bb. Leaves prevailingly ovate or oblong. 
c. Sessile, stem glabrous. H. divaricatus, p. 770 
cc. Petioled. 
d. Stem puberulent or glabrous. 
e. Leaves membranaceous, regularly serrate. ; 
Hi. decapetalus, p. 770 
ee, Leaves firmer, less serrate or entire. H. strumosus, p. 771 
dd. Stem hispid. [H. tuberosus]t 


Helianthus angustifolius Linnzus. Narrow-leaved Sunflower. 


Helianthus angustifolius Linneus, Sp. Pl. 906. 1753 [Virginia]—Pursh, Fl. 
Am. Sept. II. 572. 1814.—Knieskern 18—Willis 33.—Britton 145.— 
Keller and Brown 337. 

Frequent in swamps of the Pine Barrens and Cape May penin- 
sula, also rarely in “Pine Barren islands” in the Middle district 
and on the coast. Recorded but once north of our limits, near 
Trenton. 


* Common Sunflower, escaped from gardens. 
+ Jerusalem Artichoke, escaped from cultivation. 


49 MUS 


770 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


This is the most widely distributed Sunflower of the Pines, 
but always a bog plant, often growing in shallow water. The 
only other Pine Barren species, H. divaricatus, is a dry ground 
plant. 

Fl.—Early August to late September. 

Middle District.—Griffith’s Swamp, Mickleton (C), Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens.—Como, Seabright (C), Asbury Park (KB), Pt. Pleasant 
(KB), Toms River, Island Hts. Jnc., Forked River, Seaside Park, Barnegat, 
Manahawkin, West Creek (S), Speedwell (S), Parkdale (S), Atsion, Landis- 
ville (T), Winslow, Quaker Bridge, Pleasant Mills, Hammonton, Egg Harbor 
City, Petersburg, Palermo, Mays Landing (S), Millville (KB). 

Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L). 

Cape May.—Court House (S),; Bennett, Cape May Pt. (S). 


Helianthus giganteus L. Tall Sunflower. 


Helianthus giganteus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 905. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].— 
Britton 145. 
Hi. giganteus var. ambiguus Britton 145. 


Frequent in open swampy ground of the Northern and Mid- 
dle districts and especially along the coast southward to Cape 
May. . 

Fl.—Early August to late September. 

Middle District—Lindenwold, Mickleton (NB), Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip—Surf City (L), Cedar Bonnet (L), Atlantic City (S), Ocean 
City (S). 


Helianthus divaricatus L. Rough Wood Sunflower. 


Helianthus divaricatus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 906. 1753 [North America].— 
Knieskern 18.—Britton 145. 

Frequent in dry woods or clearings in the Northern and Mid- 
dle districts, occasionally or locally common in the Pine Barrens 
and Cape May peninsula. 

Fl.—Mid-July to early September. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Camden, Lindenwold, Swedesboro. 

Pine Barrens—Pen Bryn (S), Iona (S), Berlin (S), Landisville (T), 


Hammonton (T), Weymouth (T). 
Cape May—Cape May: 


Helianthus decapetalus Linn. Thin-leaved Sunflower. 


Helianthus decapetalus Linnzus, Sp. Pl. 905. 1753 [Canada].—Barton, Fl. 
Phila. II. 129. 1818.—Britton 145. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 771 


Edges of rich woodland; frequent in the northern counties 
and occasional within our limits in the upper Middle district. 
F].—Late July to early September. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Riverton (C), Mullica Hill (C), South of 
Woodstown. . 


Helianthus strumosus Linn. Pale-leaved Sunflower. 


‘Helianthus strumosus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 905. 1753 [Canada].—Britton 145. 


Dry woods; frequent in the northern counties and occasional 
southward in the Middle district. | 
Fl.—Mid-August to late September. 


Middle District—Keyport (C), New Egypt, Locust Grove (S), Camden 
(P), Blackwood, Mickleton (C), Atco (C). 


VERBESINA L. 
Verbesina alternifolia (L.). Actinomeris. 
Coreopsis alternifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 909. 1753 [Virginia and Canada]. 
Actinomeris alternifolia Britton 145. 
Verbesina alternifolia Keller and Brown 338. 

In part introduced, but probably rarely native along the Dela- 
ware River, where it occurs locally and where it reaches the 
northern limit of its range in the east. No specimeni seen. 

Fl.—Early August to late September, probably. 

Middle District—Below Burlington (C), Kaighns Pt. (KB). 


COREOPSIS L. 
Coreopsis rosea Nutt. Rose-colored Tickseed. 


Coreopsis rosea Nuttall, Gen. II. 179. 1818 [New Jersey to Georgia].— 
Britton 146.—Keller and Brown 338. 


Sandy swamps of the Pine Barrens; local, also in a few similar 
situations in the Middle district. 
Fl.—Early July to early September. 


Middle District—Freehold (C), Burlington, Florence, Delanco, Clayton 


CNB): . Ps 7 
Pine Barrens-—Forked River, Brown’s Mills, Franklinville (P), Willow 
Grove (S), Vineland (C), Main Road Sta., Atco, Hammonton (KB), Egg 


Harbor City. 


772 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


BIDENS L. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Leaves lanceolate, serrate, undivided. 
b. Rays large and conspicuous, twice as long as the disc or longer. 
B. levis, p. 772 
bb. Rays not more than twice as long as the disc; very short or wanting. 


c. Heads nodding after flowering. B. cernua, p. 772 
cc. Heads always erect. 

d, Pappus awns downwardly barbed. B. connata, p. 773 

dd. Pappus awns upwardly barbed. B. bidentoides, p. 773 


aa. Leaves, some or all of them, pinnately 1-3 parted. 
b. Rays rudimentary or wanting. 
c. Achenes flat. 
d. Outer involucral bracts 4-8 mm.; achenes nearly black. 
B. frondosa, p. 773 


dd. Outer bracts 10-16 mm.; achenes brown. B. vulgata, p. 773 
cc. Achenes linear. B. bipinnata, p. 774 

bb. Rays large and conspicuous. : 
c. Segments of the leaves lanceolate. | 2B, trichosperma, p. 774 


cc. Segments of the leaves linear lanceolate. 
B. trichosperma tenuiloba, p. 774 


Bidens levis (L.). Large Bur-Marigold. 
Helianthus levis Linneus, Sp. Pl. 906. 1753 [Virginia]. 
Bidens levis Britton 147. 
Bidens chrysanthemoides Knieskern 19. 

Swamps, especially bordering rivers and large streams. Mid- 
dle and Cape May districts, frequent, also in the northern coun- 
ties and occasional on the coast. 

A particularly characteristic plant of the Delaware river 
shores and tidal marshes, its large flowers closely resembling 
those of Helianthus or Rudbeckia. 

Fl. and Fr.—Mid-August into October. 

Middle District—Delair, Fish House, Washington Park, W. Deptford, 
Center Square, Cooper’s Creek, Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip—Tuckahoe (S), Five-Mile Beach. 
Cape May.—Cape May. 


Bidens cernua L. Nodding Bur-Marigold. 
Bidens cernua Linneus, Sp. Pl. 832. 1753 [Europe].—Britton 147. 
Wet, open swamps; frequent in the northern counties and ap- 


parently rare southward in the Middle district. 
Fl. and Fr.—Mid-August into October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Pemberton (C), Swimming River (C), Med- 
ford (S). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 773 


Bidens connata Muhl. Purple-stemmed Beggar-ticks. 
Bidens connata “Muhlenberg” Willdenow, Sp. Pl, III. 1718. 1804 [North 

America] —Knieskern 19—Britton 147. 

Common in swamps throughout the State, except in the Pine 
Barrens and Cape May peninsula, though it will probably be 
found in the latter district. 

Fl. and Fr.—Early September into October. 
Middle District—Delanco (S$), Washington Park (S), Swedesboro. 

Coastal Strip.—Sea Girt, Seaside Park (S), Surf City (L), Barnegat City 


(L), Spray Beach (L), Atlantic City (S), Palermo. 
Pine Barrens—Landisville, Egg Harbor City (introduced ?). 


Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.). Swamp Beggar-ticks. 


Diodonta bidentoides Nuttall, Tr. Amer. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7:361. 1841 
[Vicinity of Philadelphia]. . 

Coreopsis bidentoides Britton 146. 

Bidens bidentoides Keller and Brown 339. 

Muddy shores of the Delaware River and Bay from Borden- | 
town southward and up the tidewater streams of southwestern 
New Jersey, also occurs up the Susquehanna to Havre de Grace. 

Fl. and Fr.—Early September into October. 

Middle District—Bordentown, Delair, Fish House, Camden, Westville, 


Washington Park, Bridgeport (C), Salem Co. on the Delaware (C), Mill- 
ville. : 


Bidens fondosa L. Black Beggar-ticks. 


Bidens frondosa Linneus, Sp. Pl. 832. 1753 [North America] —Knieskern 
18.—Britton 146. 


‘Damp situations; frequent in the northern counties and south- 
ward in the Middle and Coast districts. 
Fl. and Fr.—Early September into October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Fish House (S), Delanco (S), Lawnside 
(S). 

Coast Strip—Spray Beach (1,), Atlantic City (S$), Five-Mile Beach. 

Bidens vulgata Greene. Tall Beggar-ticks, 

Bidens vulgata Greene, Pittonia IV, 72. 1809 [E. and Middle States]. 

Probably common in the northern counties, but only one record 
within our limits, though it'no doubt occurs elsewhere. 

Fl. and Fr.—Early September into October. 


Pine Barrens?—Landisville (introduced). 


774 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Bidens bipinnata L. Spanish Needles. 
Bidens bipinnata Linneus, Sp. Pl. 832. 1753 [Virginia] —Britton 147. 


In damp soil and as a weed in cultivated and waste ground; 
frequent in the Northern and Middle districts, and occasional 


on the coast. 

Fl. and Fr.—Mid-August into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Florence Heights, Fancy Hill, Washington 
Park. 


Coast Strip—Barnegat City (L), Atlantic City (S). 
Pine Barrens.—Pleasant Mills (introduced). 


Bidens trichosperma (Michx.). Tick-seed Sunflower. 


Coreopsis trichosperma Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 139. 1803 [Upper Caro- 
lina]—Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. 568. 1814.—Britton 146. 
Bidens trichosperma Keller and Brown 339. 

Swamps; common in the Middle Coast and Cape May districts 
and at a few stations in Sussex, Morris, Bergen, Hudson and 
Mercer counties north of our limits. 

Fl. and Fr.—Late August into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Hartford, Burlington, Delanco (S$), Had- 
donfield, Springdale (S), Lawnside (S), Washington Park, W. Deptford, 
Camden, Swedesboro, Salem (S). 

Coast Strip—Forked River, Seaside Park, Manahawkin, Beach Haven (L) 


Mouth of Batsto, Mays Landing (S), Palermo. 
Cape May.—Dennisville (S), Cold Spring (S). 


Bidens trichosperma tenuiloba (Gray). Slender-leaved Tick-seed Sun- 
flower. 
Coreopsis trichosperma var. tenuiloba Gray, Syn. Fl. I. pt. 2. 295. 1884 [Peat 
Bogs of Indiana and Illinois]. 
Bidens trichosperma tenuiloba,—Keller and Brown 340. 
Swamps of the Pine Barrens and Coast Strip frequent. 
Fl. and Fr.—Late August into October. 
Pine Barrens Forked River, Atsion (S), Parkdale (S$), Atco, Kenilworth 
(S), Jackson, Hammonton (S), Landisville, Downstown. 
Coast Strip—Seaside Park, W. Creek (S), Manahawkin, Palermo (S),. 
Piermont (S), Ocean View (S). 
Cape May.—So. Seaville, Cold Spring, Cape May. 
HELENIUM L. 
Helenium autumnale L. Sneezeweed. 
Helenium autumnale Linneus, Sp. Pl. 886. 1753 [North America].—Britton 
147. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 775 


Swamps and river banks; frequent in the northern counties 
and down the coast to Cape May; less common in the Middle 
district, mainly restricted to the vicinity of the Delaware River. 

The distribution of this plant is one of the most striking 
examples of the extension of the range of certain boreal species 
down both sides of the State, which are entirely absent from the 
central portion. On the west it follows the river all the way to 
Salem, never straying from its immediate vicinity except to 
follow up some tributary, while on the east it is plentiful along 
the narrow coastal strip and outlying islands all the way to Cape 
May and up the rivers to the head of tidewater. On the Dela- 
ware we are accustomed to regard such occurrences as the result 
of seed washed down from higher up, but no such theory will 
answer for the coastal strip, and it may be that its presence there 
is due to some earlier geological phenomenon. Certain it is that 
the cold waters from melting glacial ice must have made favor- 
able conditions for a boreal flora both along the Delaware and 
the coast, but it is presumptuous, perhaps, to claim any direct 
relationship between this and present plant distribution. 

Fl.—Mid-August to mid-September. 

Middle District—Fish House, Kaighns Pt., Coopers Creek, Washington 
Park, Center Square, Swedesboro, Pennsgrove, Salem (S). 

Coast Strip.—Toms River, Forked River, West Creek (S), Barnegat City 
(L), Peahala (L), Absecon (S), Atlantic City (S), Crowleytown, Pleasant 
Mills (T), Beesley’s Pt. (S), Palermo, Seaville (S), Mays Landing, Sea 
Isle City (S). 

Cape May.—Cold Spring (S). 

ARTEMISIA L. 


Artemisia caudata Michx. Wild Wormwood. 


Artemesia caudata Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 129. 1803 [Missouri River]. 
—Nuttall, Gen. IJ. 144. 1818—Knieskern 19—Willis 34.—Britton 148. 
—Keller and Brown 341. 

Reported locally from Middlesex to Cumberland counties in 
the Middle district but apparently rare, as recent collectors have 
not found it. It is frequent, however, about Manasquan and 
Point Pleasant, and is reported from Sandy Hook. The state- 
ments of Britton and of Keller and Brown, to the effect that it is 
frequent i in the Pine Barrens seem to be incorrect, as there are no 


776 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


records to substantiate them. The plant, moreover, does not 
occur on the sea beaches south of Point Pleasant so far as I can 
ascertain, though Nuttall recorded it from “Islands of Egg 
Harbor.” 

Fl.—Late July to late August. 


Middle District Keyport (C), Shark River (P), Burlington, Beverly, 
Pemberton (P), Mt. Holly (C), Berkeley, Two miles from Mickleton, Wood- 
bury, Bridgeton (P). 

Coast Strip—Sandy Hook, Manasquan, Pt. Pleasant (S). 

ERECHTITES Rafinesque. 
Erechtites hieracifolia (L.). White Fireweed. 
Senecio hieracifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 866. 1753 [North America]. 
Erechtites hieracifolia Knieskern 19.—Britton 149. 

In low grounds, and as a weed in clearings; frequent through- 
out the State, but original distribution not now ascertainable. 
Apparently not native in the Pine Barrens. 

Fl.—Late July into September. 


MESADENIA Rafinesque. 
Mesadenia reniformis (Muhl.). Great Indian Plantain. 


Cacalia reniformis “Mulhenberg” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 1735. 1804 [Penn- 
sylvania].—Britton 150. 
Mesadenia reniformis Keller and Brown 342. 
Only recorded from the vicinity of Camden on the Delaware. 
Fl.—Probably late June to mid-July. 


Middle District.—Camden. 


Mesadenia atriplicifolia (L.). Pale Indian Plantain. 
Cacalia atriplicifolia Linneus, Sp. Pl. 835 [Virginia and Canada].—Britton 
150. 
Locally on the edges of woods in the Middle district and 
northward along the Delaware. 
Fl.—Mid-July to late August. 

Middle District—Waterford (NB), New Egypt, Riverton, Palmyra (NB), 
Haddonfield (P), Locust Grove (S), Kaighns Pt, Blackwood, Swedesboro. 
SYNOSMA Rafinesque. 

Synosma suaveolans (L.). Sweet-scented Indian Plantain. 


Cacalia suaveolans Linneus, Sp. Pl. 835 [Virginia and Canada].—Willis 34. 
Britton iso. 


Synosma suaveolans Keller and Brown 342. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. Tae 


Reported only from Trenton and Freehold in Britton’s Cata- 
logue. No specimens seen from our region. 


SENECIO L. 
Senecio tomentosus Michx. Woolly Squaw-weed. 
Senecio tomentosus Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 119. 1803 [Flat Rock, 
Carolina] —Britton 150—Keller and Brown 343. 

Low swampy ground near the coast marshes, mainly of Cape 
May County, north on the-Atlantic side to West Creek and on 
the bay side to Dias Creek. 

The discovery of this species in New Jersey seems to date 
from June 4, 1882, when the late Isaac Burk found it at Cape 
May Point. Curiously enough, it was obtained on June 30 of the 
same year by Mr. Albert Commons at Ocean View. 

Fl.—Early May to early June. 

Coast Strip—West Creek, Ocean View (NB), Cold Spring, Cape May, 
Cape May Pt. Green Creek, Dias Creek. 


Pine Barrens.—Landisville (T), Egg Harbor City (KB), Friendship (T), 
all apparently introductions from the coast. 


Senecio crawfordii Britton. Crawford’s Squaw-weed. 


Senecio Crawfordii Britton, Torreya I. 21. [Tullytown, Pa.]—Keller and 
Brown 343. 
?Senecio aureus obovatus Britton 150. 

Damp meadows or bogs in the Middle district, near to the 
Delaware River, local and not common. There is a specimen of 
this plant in the Philadelphia Academy herbarium collected by 
Read many years ago, labelled “S. heterophylla, N. J.” It seems 
likely also that Parker’s record of “S. obovatus” from “River 
swamp, Camden Co.,” refers to this form. I doubt if it has any 
close affinity with S. balsamite as claimed by some recent 
writers.* 

Fl.—Early May to early June. 


Middle District—Between Orchard and Springdale (S). 


Senecio aureus L. Golden Ragwort or Squaw-weed. 


Senecio aureus Linneus, Sp. Pl. 870. 1753 [Virginia and Canada].—Britton 
150. 


* CE. Rhodora 1908, p. 60. 


778 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Frequent in low, usually open ground, in the Northern and 
Middle districts and rare in the lower.Cape May peninsula. 
Fl.—Early May to early June. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Delair, Birmingham (C), Camden (P), 
Haddonfield (S), Lindenwold (S), Glassboro, Atco (C), Washington Park, 


Mickleton, Swedesboro. 
Pine Barrens?—Cedar Lake (C). 
Cape May.—Cold Spring (OHB). 


CARDUUS L. 


Key to the Species. 


a. Bracts of the involucre more or less strongly prickly pointed. 
b. Leaves tomentous beneath. 


c. All the bracts prickly pointed. [C. lanceolatus]* 
ce. Outer bracts only, prickly pointed. C. discolor, p. 778 
bb. Leaves green on both sides. C. pumilus, p. 778 


aa. Bracts not at all prickly pointed or scarcely so. 
b. Heads large, few, 30-100 mm. broad. 
c. Heads closely subtended by the upper very spiny leaves, flowers 
usually yellow. C. spinosissimus, p. 779 
cc. Heads peduncled, naked, flowers purple, involucre viscid. 
C. muticus, p. 779 
bb. Heads small, numerous, 25 mm. broad or less. [C. arvensis]* 


Carduus discolor (Muhl.). Field Thistle. 


Cnicus discolor “Muhlenberg” Willdenow, Sp. Pl. III. 1670. 1804 [North 

America].—Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 95. 1818—Nuttall Gen. II. 1230, 1818. 
Cnicus altissimus Britton 151. 

Cirsium altissimum Knieskern 109. 

Common in swamps and meadows in the northern counues 
and rather frequent down the Coast Strip to Cape May, and 
locally in the Middle district. 

Fl.—Mid-August to late September, occasionally into October. 


Middle District—New Egypt, Lawnside (S), Riddleton. 
Coast Strip.—West Creek (S), Palermo, Seaville (S), Cold Spring (S). 


Carduus pumilus (Nutt.). Pasture Thistle. 
Cnicus pumilus Nuttall, Gen. II. 130, 1818 [New Jersey and New York]. 
Cnicus odoratus Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 95. 1818—Britton 151. 


*Common Thistle a familiar weed. 
* Canada Thistle a bad weed, occurring in waste ground or locally in fields. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 779 


In meadows frequent northward and occasional southward in 
the Middle district. 
Fl.—Late June to late July. 


Middle District—New Egypt (NB), Burlington, Fairton (S). 
Pine Barrens —tLandisville (T), (introduced?). 


Carduus spinosissimus Walt. Yellow Thistle. 


Carduus spinosissimus Walter, Fl. Car. 104. 1788 [Carolina].—Keller and 
Brown 344. 

Cnicus horridulus Barton, Fl. Phila. II. 95. 1818. 

Cirsium horridulum Knieskern 19.—Willis 35. 

Cnicus spinosissimus Britton 151. 


Frequent in open swamps of the Middle district and along the 
edge of the coast marshes south to Cape May. 
Fl.—Mid-May to late June. 


Middle District—Farmingdale, New Egypt, Burlington, Pemberton (C), 
Moorestown (KB), Grenloch, Lindenwold (S), Sewell (S), Clementon 
(KB), Mickleton (KB), Swedesboro, Buckshutem (S). 

Coast Strip—Pt. Pleasant, Seaside Park (KB), Forked River, Mana- 
hawkin, Tuckerton, Beach Haven (L), Spray Beach (L), Beach Haven Crest 
(L), Absecon (KB), Atlantic City (KB), Piermont (S$), Wildwood, Cold 
Spring, Cape May (KB). 


Carduus muticus (Michx.). Glutinous Thistle. 


Cirsium muticum Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. II. 89. 1803 [Mountains cf Caro- 
lina]. 

Cnicus muticus Britton 151. 

Carduus muticus Keller and Brown 345. 


Frequent in swamps in the. northern counties, less common 
southward in the Middle and Coast districts. 

F].—Mid-August to late September, occasionally into October. 

Middle District—New Egypt, Springdale (S), Lindenwold, Mullica Hill 
(C), Mickleton, Woodstown (KB), Swedesboro. 


Coast Strip—Forked River (KB), Cape May Court House, Cold Spring, 
Cape May (OHB). 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


It is a difficult matter to trace the original discoverer of a 
given species of plant. We generally credit the man who is 
the author of the specific name which the plant bears, but there 
is frequently an earlier writer who described the plant under a 
vernacular name or a technical name already in use, or made 
some other nomenclatural blunder which invalidated his name 
and often cast his discovery into oblivion. Again there is the 
actual discoverer of the plant, who may have sent it to the author 
with explanations as to its probable relationships, and back of 
him, perhaps, is the backwoodsman who has long known the 
plant by a vernacular name of his own, but who never heard of 
scientific nomenclature or the importance of publication. For 
practical purposes we are usually forced to follow custom and 
consider the author of the name as the discoverer of the plant. 

Examining the preceding pages we find that Linnzus* was 
acquainted with no less than 570 of the species here treated. He 
never visited America, but acquired his knowledge of our plants 
from the collections or publications of Dillenius, Gronovius, Plu- 
kenet, Catesby, Kalm, Colden, etc., and to living plants grown in 
European botanic gardens. Being the originator of the binomial 
system of nomenclature, his specific names are the earliest, and 
are, therefore, still in use for all the plants known to him, 
although most of his genera have since been subdivided. Many 
of the New Jersey plants that bear his names are boreal species, 
known also from Europe; but the large number of truly Ameri- 
can Coastal Plain plants which he named shows how thorough 
was the work of the early botanists who traveled in this region. 
Comparatively few of these plants were discovered in New 
Jersey, most of them being described from Virginia or Carolina. 


*Cf. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Garden, June, 1907, for sketch of Linneus and his 
relation to American botany, by P. A. Rydberg. 


(781) 


782 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


John Bartram, however, transmitted quite a number of speci- 
mens to Linnzus, which, although usually credited to Pennsyl- 
vania, must have come from across the Delaware in New Jersey. 

The first American botanist to name and describe additional 
species on the plan established by Linnzeus was Thomas Walter,* 
who, in 1788, published a volume on the Plants of Carolina, in 
which appear forty New Jersey species with which Linnzus was 
unacquainted. After him came Andre Michaux,+ the French 
botanist, who, after Linnzus, was the author of the largest 
number of our New Jersey plant names. Michaux traveled 
widely in America, and in his Flora (1803) are published 117 
species of New Jersey plants unknown to Linnzus or Walter. 
Apparently none of these, however, was discovered within our 
limits. 

Rev. Henry Muhlenberg, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, probably 
the most learned American botanist of his time, is authority for 
42 of the species mentioned in the preceding pages. These were 
mainly published in a posthumous work on Grasses and Sedges 
or in Willdenow’s Species Plantarum, from specimens sent him by 
Muhlenberg. The latter published a Catalogue of North Ameri- 
can Plants in 1813, but as descriptions are lacking and as death 
prevented him from publishing the full descriptive work that 
he had contemplated, most of the names here proposed rest as 
mere nomina nuda, with no place in scientific nomenclature. 

Of the early botanists who did more or less actual collecting 
in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, Pursh is responsible for 
33 of our species; Nuttall for 29; Rafinesque for 17 and Torrey 
(sometimes in conjunction with Gray) for 37. 

Only 100 of the 1401f species listed in the foregoing pages 
were originally described from southern New Jersey, which 
emphasizes the fact that most of the early American botanical 
works were based upon collections made in other States—espe- 
cially in Virginia and the Carolinas. Furthermore, although many 
botanists have explored the New Jersey Pine Barrens in subse- 
quent years and many collections have been made, there has 


*Cf. Brainerd Bull. Charleston (S. C.) Mus. III. 33, for biography. 
+ Cf. Bot. Gazette VIII, 187 for biography. 
£Cf£. Bottom of p. 806. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 783 


been comparatively little published concerning the plant life 
of the region. The following bibliography, while it does not 
profess to be complete, contains most of the publications which 
deal exclusively or mainly with the plants of this region. Various 
general works and papers, many of which are cited in synonymy 
or foot notes on the preceding pages, and a few of which are 
included here, also contain matter relative to the flora of South- 
ern New Jersey. 


1753-61. Kam, PErer.* En Risa til Norra :America. Stock- 
holm, IIT Vols., 484 pps. 


Kalm spent some time at Philadelphia and at the Swedish settlements 
on the New Jersey side of the Delaware some miles below. Among the 
plants that he submitted to Linnaeus on his return to Sweden were a 
number from this vicinity. 


1813. MuHLENBERG, Henry, D.D.+ Catalogus Plantarum 
Americe Septentrionalis huc usque Cognitarum Indigena- 


run et Cicurum; or a Catalogue of the Hitherto Known 
Native and Naturalized Plants of North America, arranged 
according to the Sexual System of Linnaeus. pp. I-IV +1 
—112. Lancaster, Pa., 1813. 


Contains southern New Jersey species, but in the absence of descrip- 
tions the names have no application. 


1817. Munrenserc, Henry, D.D. Descriptio Uberior Gram- 
inum et Plantarum Calamiarum Americae Septentrionalis 
Indigenarum et Cicurum. pp. i-ii + 1-295. Philadelphia, 
1817. 


A posthumous work comprising the grasses and sedges of a pro- 
posed flora of North America, of which the Catalogue 1813 was a pre- 
liminary outline. 


1814. PursH, FreperickK.t Flora Americae Septentrionalis; or 
a Systematic Arrangement and Description of the Plants of 
North America. London, 2 Vols., pp. I-XXXVI + 1-751, 
24 plates. 


* (Cf, Darlington, Memorials of Bartram and Marshall, p. 367, 1849, for 
biographical sketch. 

+C£. Pop. Sci. Mo. XLV 689. 

£Cf. Bot. Gazette VII, 141 for biography. 


784 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


A classic work, in which the flora of southern New Jersey figured 
not a little, as Pursh was located at Philadelphia 1802-1805, and ap- 
parently spent a good deal of time in exploring the wilds of New 
Jersey. 


1818. Nurratt, THomas.+ The Genera of North American 
plants, and a Catalogue of the Species to the Year 1817. 
Philadelphia, 2 Vols., I. i-viii + 1-312. II. 1-254. 

Nuttall was in Philadelphia 1809-1818, and many of the new species 


described in his classic work were discovered on his numerous trips 
through southern New Jersey. 


1818. Barton, WiiitamM P. C.f Compendium Florae Philadel- 
phicae, containing a description of the indigenous and 
naturalized plants found within a circuit of ten miles around 
Philadelphia. Philadelphia, 2 vols. 1-251, 1-234 pp. 

This is the first local flora covering any part of our region. It in- 


cluded the shores of the Delaware from Paulsboro to Delanco, and 
inland as far as Moorestown and Blackwood. 


This work has been freely consulted in the following pages, and 
synonymy cited wherever New Jersey is explicitly mentioned. 


1819. Torrey, Joun.§ A Catalogue of Plants growing spon- 
taneously within thirty miles of the city of New York. Al- 
bany, N. Y., pp. I-100. 


Exact localities are not often mentioned in this work, and most state- 
ments of distribution are so broad that it is not always clear whether 
a species of rather general distribution occurs both in New Jersey and 
New York or only in the latter. More explicit information is in many 
cases to be found in the author’s later Flora of the United States, 
1824, Vol. I (all published). 


1828. Conran, Solomon W.* Description of a new species 
of Juncus. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI: 105. 


J. viviparus = J. pelocarpus. 


*Cf. Pop. Sci. Mo. XLVII, p. 257 for biography. 

T Cf. Pop. Sci. Mo. XLVI, p. 680, 18905, for biography. 
{Cf. Harshburger, Botanists of Phila. 159, for biography. 
§ Cf. Bot. Gazette VIII, 165, for biography. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW. JERSEY. 785 


1856. KniEsKERN, P. D. Aj Catalogue of Plants growing 
without cultivation in the Counties of Monmouth and Ocean. 
Ann. Rept. N. J. Geol. Survey, 1856. 


Also reprinted as a pamphlet Trenton, N. J., 1857, pp. 1-41. 

This is the most important paper on the Pine Barren flora that was 
published up to the time of Britton’s Catalogue. It is cited in synonymy 
throughout the present work, the page references being those of the 
reprint. Dr. Knieskern lived at Manchester, now Lakehurst, and was 
undoubtedly better informed on the flora of that vicinity than any man 
of his time. A few species, however, which he included from the upper 
part of Monmouth County, have not since been collected there, and 
were probably based upon misidentifications. 


1860. DarracH, JAMEs. Plants appearing in Flower in the 
Neighborhood of Philadelphia. 


February—April, p. 145; May, p. 199; June, p. 302; July—October, 511. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860. 


1869. REDFIELD, JoHN H.* Note on the First Discovery of 
Schizza pusilla. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869. 13. 


1869. (REDFIELD, JouN H. Search for Corema Conradii in 
Monmouth County, N. J. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
1869. 91. Also Amer. Nat. III., 327. 


——. Mf[artinpare], I. C. To the Lovers of Nature’s Beau- 


ties. 
Apparently a reprinted broadside from a newspaper, describing briefly 
the flora to be seen along the Camden and Atlantic R. R. 


1871. Hawt, 1. H. [Helonias and other plants at Atco, N. J.J 
Torr. Bull. 11. 31. TI. 25 and 32. 


' 1873. Hat, I. H. [Rose-colored Water Lilies near Atsion, 
N. J.] Torr. Bull. IV. 8. 


1874. Wuais, O. R., Ph. D.¢ Catalogue of Plants growing 

without cultivation in the State of New Jersey. New York, 

“pp. i-xxi + 1-71. Revised edition, same title, New York 
1878, pp. i-xxvili + 1-88. 


* Cf, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XX., 162, for biography. 
+Cf£. Torreya IL, 80, 1902, for Biographical Notice. 


50 MUS 


786 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


A list with few exact localities, generally referring broadly to the 
northern, middle or southern counties in stating distribution. All 
species referred to the last category are included in the synonymy of 
the present work, page reference being to the revised edition. Some 
very doubtful records originate in this list which have not been verified, 
and, so far as our territory is concerned, it contains few additions to 
the list of Dr. Knieskern. 


1876. Reprietp, J. H. Torrey’s first trip to the Pines. Torr. 
Bull. VI. 82-83. 


1876. MarTINnpDALE, I. C.* Opuntia vulgaris at Haddonfield, 
N. J. Torr. Bull. VI. 105 and 116. 


1879. Russy,'H. H. Aletris aurea ? near Altsion, N. J. Torr. 
Bull. V1., 2809. 


1880. Britton, N. L. On the Northern Extension of the New 
Jersey Pine Barren Flora on Long and Staten Islands. 
Torr, Bull. VII. 81, also VIII. 48, VII. 08. 


1880. Brown, Appison. Notes on the New Jersey Flora. 
Torr. Bull. VII. 115. 


1881. Brirron, N. L. Notes on the Middlesex County, New 
Jersey, Flora. Torr. Bull. VIII. 7. , 


1880. Martinpae, I. C. Notes on the Bartram Oak Quercus 
Heterophylla Michx. Privately printed. pp. 1-24. 


1881. Brrrton, N. L. List of New Jersey Floras and Lists. 
Torr. Bull. VIII. 81. 


1881. Porter, T. C.¢ Helonias at Dover, Morris County. 
Torr. Bull. VIII. 91. 


*Cf. Torr. Bot. Club, XX., 98, for biography. 
+ Cf. Harshberger Botanists of Philadelphia and their work, p. 236, for 
biography. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 787 


‘1881. Brrrron, N. L. Ai Preliminary Catalogue of the Flora 
of New Jersey—New Brunswick, N. J. Pp. 1-233. 


Merely preliminary to the Catalogue of 1884. Printed on one side of 
the paper for the purpose of reporting information for the later work. 


1884. Gross, C. A. Notes on New Jersey Plants. Torr. Bull. 
XL, fs Bo 


1884. Brrrron, N.L. Range of Phorodendron in N ew Jersey. 
Torr. Bull. X1., 77, also S. Lockwood, p. 87. 4 


1884. -REDFIELD;. J. H. Corema conradii and its Localities. 
Torr. Bull. X1., 97, also XII, 93. and XI,. 117. , 


1886. LicutTuirg, L. H. Notes on the New Jersey Flora. 
Torr. Bull. XIII. 4. 


1888. NortHrup, J. I. Helonias at Bridgeton. Torr. Bull. 
XV. 178. . oo 


1888. Brirron, N.L. Plants at Seabright, New Jersey. Torr. 
Bull. XV, 193. 


1889. Brirron, N. L. Catalogue of Plants found in New 
Jersey. Final Report of the State Geologist, Vol. II, pt. 1. 
Trenton. pp. I-642. 


A carefully compiled work, with exact localities and authorities for 
all the rarer or restricted species. This Catalogue and the List of 
Keller and Brown served as a basis for the present work. Many of the 
records given are substantiated by specimens in the State Herbarium at 
New Brunswick, but by no means all, and Dr. Britton informs me that 
certain data submitted to the Geological Survey were incorporated at 
the request of the authorities without any specimens having been seen. 
So, also, records submitted by botanists of recognized standing were 
often included simply upon their authority. For the present work the 
effort has been made to verify all such records by the examination of 
an actual specimen, but there was not time to complete the work. The 
State Herbarium, and those of C. E. Smith, C. F. Parker, Benj. Herit- 
age, I. C. Martindale, Isaac Burk, F. L. Bassett, Dr. Jos. Stokes, C. A. 
Gross and the Torrey Botanical Club have been consulted and many 
other records substantiated by subsequent collections in the Philadel- 
phia Academy Herbarium. The records unverified are few and usually 
unimportant. They are marked (C) in the lists of localities. Dr. Brit- 
ton’s catalogue is quoted throughout in the synonymy. 


788 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


1889. Rep¥FIELD, J. H. Corema in New Jersey. Torr. Bull. 
XVI, 193. 


1888. Brrrron, N. L. Viola tenella at Bridgeton, New Jersey. 
Torr. Bull. XV, 176. 


1889. REDFIELD, Joun'H. Rediscovery of Corema Conradii in 
Monmouth County, New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Philadelphia, 1889. 135. 


1890. Brrrron, N. L. Nymphaea odorata rosea at Cape May. 
Torr. Bull. XVII, 121. 


1890. Smitru, J. B. Cranberry Culture in-New Jersey. Gar- 
den and Forest. 1890, 535. 


1890-1897. TREAT, Mary. Al series of popular accounts of 
the Pine Barren Flora about Vineland, New Jersey, at 
various seasons. Garden and Forest. III. 442, 463, 524, 
534, 546. IV. 14, 188, 351. V. 220, 292, 363, 400, 435, 
567. VI. 141, 314, 382, 443. VII. 102, 142, 212, 245, 302, 
458, 482. VIII. 3, 103, 203, 262, 362, 452, 492. IX. 332, 
4I2. X. 313, 4tll, 471. . 


These short sketches are marred by a certain amount of error in 
‘identification and by a lack of clearness as to just which plants are wild, 
and which are growing in a wild garden, transplanted from elsewhere. 

Such plants, also, as Thuja occidentalis, Dalibarda repens, Coreopsis 
grandiflora, Gerardia auriculata, Smilax tamnoides and Nyssa aquatica 
are casually mentioned as familiar Pine Barren species, none of 
which are known from the region. Certain other species are referred 
to in a way that would lead one to think they occurred near Vineland, 
while, in reality, they are found only on the coast or in West Jersey, 
not in the Pines. 


1892. HarsHBERGER, J. W. Flora of the Barnegat Peninsula. 
Garden'and Forest. 1892, 45. 


1893. PrEtERs, Joun E. Notes on the Flora of Southern New 
Jersey. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club XX, 294, 295. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 789 


1897. Berry, E. W. The Pine Barren Plants of New Jersey. 
Asa Gray Bull. V., No. 2 and No. 5. 


1898. Saunvers, C. F. Some Pine Barren Carices. Asa Gray 
Bull. VI., No. 2. 


1899. VERMEULE, C. C. The Pine Belt of Southern New 
Jersey. Ann. Rept. State Geol. 1898. 185-193. 


1900. VERMEULE, C. C. and Pincuot, Girrorp. ‘The Forests 
of New Jersey. Report on Forests, Ann. Rept. State Geol. 


1899, 13-172. 


1900. HarsHBERGER, J. W. An Ecological Study of the New 
Jersey Strand Flora. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 1900. 
pp. 623-671. 


A number of the records contained in this paper are based upon 
misidentifications, while others from Cape May are not strand plants at 
all, the name having been used by the collectors to cover the country 
north of Cape May City, which is very different from the beach and 
salt meadows. The same is true of other localities as well. 


1g00. jHoniick, ARTHUR. Relation between Forestry and 
Geology. Report on Forests, Ann. Rept. State Geol. 1899. 
175-201. 


1900. GuiFForD, JoHN. Forestal Conditions and Silvicultural 
Prospects of the Coastal Plain of New Jersey. Report on 
Forests, Ann. Rept. State Geol. 1899. 235-327. 


1900. SauNpDERSs, C. F. The Pine Barrens of New Jersey. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1900. pp. 544-549. 


1901. JELLETT, E.C. The Woodstown Lilies. Amer. Botanist. 
190. 


1902. HarsHBERGER, J. W. Additional Observations on the 
Strand Flora of New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1902. 
642-669. 


790 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


1902. Berry, E. W. Notes on the Local Flora.. Torreya I. 
103. 


1903. Kaurman, P. Gleanings from Sea and Mountain 
(Ocean Grove and Avon). Amer. Botanist 1903. 85-86. 


1903. Lacururpe, L. H. Flora of the Pine Barrens of New 
Jersey. Torreya III. 79. 


1903. HarsHBERGER, J. W. Forest Growth at Wildwood, 
New Jersey. Forest Leaves IX. 40. 


1903. Stone, W. Arisaema pusillum in Pennsylvania and 
New Jersey. Torreya 1903, p. 171. 


1903. Rosinson, B. L. A Hitherto Undescribed Pipewort 
from New Jersey. Rhodora V. 175. 


1904. HaArsHBERGER, J. W. The Comparative Age of the 
Different Floristic Elements of Eastern North America. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1904, 601-615. 


1905. Harper, R. M. Genus Xyris. Torreya V. 128. 


1905. Ketter, Ipa A. AND Brown, StTEwarpson. Handbook 
of the Flora of Philadelphia and Vicinity. Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, pp. 1—vili and 1-360. 


This work follows the plan of Britton’s Catalogue and, so far as the 
New Jersey counties are concerned, is primarily based upon it with 
the addition of much valuable data furnished by members of the 
Philadelphia Botanical Club. Most of this is substantiated by speci- 
mens in the Club Herbarium. These I have examined and in addition 
have consulted the Herbaria of Stewardson Brown, Joseph Crawford, 
“Thos. S. Githens, John W. Harshberger, Ida A. Keller, M. and A. 
Leeds, Chas. D. Lippincott, Benj. Heritage, Alex. McElwee, Benj. H. 
Smith, Chas. S. Williamson and Witmer Stone, so that only a few 
records originating in this work remain unverified. These are marked 
(KB) in the lists of localities under the various species, while records 
that have been found to be based upon misidentifications are referred 
to in foot-notes. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 791 


1907. Harprr, R. M. Centers of Distribution of Coastal 
Plain Plants. Torreya VIII. 42. 


1907. Macxkenziz, K. K. Range of Vacinium virgatum. 


Torreya VII. 

1907. The Pine Barrens of New Jersey (re- 
print from New York Tribune). Amer. Botanist 1907, 
‘103-108. 


1907. Stone, W. The Life Areas of Southern New Jersey. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1907, 452-459. 


1907. Macxenziz, K. K. The Pine Barren Bellwort. Tor- 
veya VII. 13. 


1907. Lonc, Bayarp. Gymnandeniopsis nivea in New Jersey. 
Torreya, VII. 16. 


1907. STonE, WitMER. Rynchospora rariflora in New Jersey. 
Torreya, VII. 16. 


1908. Kaurman, P The Pine Barrens of Lakehurst, New 
Jersey. American Botamist, 1908, 104-106. 


1908. Harper, R. M. Pine Barrens of Long Island. Torreya 
VILL, Be 


1908. Stone, W. Recent Additions to our Knowledge of the 
Flora of Southern New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 


I 908, 457-459. 


1909. Bartram, E. B. An Interesting Addition to the Flora 
of New Jersey. Bassia hirsuta (L.). Rhodora XI. p. 121. 


1909. Brown, O. H. [Some Cape ‘May Records.] Bartomia 
I. 25. 


792 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


1909. CRAWForD, J. Some Sand Dune Plants from Longport, 
(New Jersey. Bartonia I. 18-19. 


1909. HarsHBERGER, J. W. ‘The Vegetation of the Salt 
Marshes and of the Salt and Fresh Water Ponds of North- 
ern Coastal New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Phila. 1909, 


373-400. 


1909. Harsupercer, J. W. The Comparative Leaf Structure 
of the Strand Plants of New Jersey. Proc. Amer. Phila. 
Soc. XLVIII. 1909. 72-88. 


1909. Mackenzie, K. K. Notes on Sagittaria. Torreya IX. 
30. 


1909. Stone, W. The Coastal Strip of New Jersey and the 
Rediscovery of Lilaeopsis. Bartonia I. 20-24. 


1909. Tayior, Norman. Local Flora Notes. Torreya IX. 
203, 257; X 80, 145. 


tg10. Harper, R. M. A Quantitative Study of the More 
‘Conspicuous Vegetation of Certain Natural Divisions ot 
the Coastal Plain as Observed in Traveling [by train] 
from Georgia to New York. Torr. Bull. XXXVII. 405. 


1910. ‘'HarRSHBERGER, J. W. Vegetation of the Navesink High- 
lands. Torreya X. 1. 


1910. Lonc, Bayarp. Rlange Extension of Scirpus Smithii 
var. setosus. Rhodora XII. 155. 


1910. Lonc, B. Pinus serotina Michx. in New Jersey and 
Other Local Notes. Bartonia II. 17-21. 


1910. Stonr, W. New Plants for Southern New Jersey. Bar- 
tonia II. 27. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 793 


1910. Stone, W. Brachiaria digitarioides from New Jersey. 
Bartonia II. 26. 


1910. Macxkenziz, K. K. A new species of Blueberry from 
New Jersey. Torreya X. 228 


1911. Brown, 8S. Helonias bullata. Bartonia III. 1. 


1911. LaWa.z, C. H. Botanical Notes from Longport, New 
Jersey. Bartomia III. 12-21. 


IgiI. Stone, W. Corema Conradii in Ocean County, New 
Jersey, East of the Plains. Bartonia III. 26. 


19it. Brown, O. H. Galium hispidulum in Cape May County, 
New Jersey. Bartonia II. 26. 


1911. Van Pex, S.$. [Southern New Jersey plants.] Bar- 
toma ITI. 29. 


1911. Lone, B., and Brown, S. [Flora of Farmingdale, N. 
J.] Bartoma III. 30-31. 


1911. PENNELL, Francis W. A new Gerardia from New 
Jersey. Torreya II. 15. 


294 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


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PLANTS. OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 795 


LIST OF LOCALITIES 


From Which Specimens Are Recorded in the Preceding 
Pages. 


Immediately following the name is reference to the accompany- 
ing map, which will indicate in which section the station is 
located. Only the principal localities are printed on the map, 
but most of the others can readily be found on the State Geo- 
logical Survey Maps from the indication here given. 

At the end of the line opposite each name are given the initials 
of the botanical district of southern New Jersey in which the 
station is located. Sometimes several districts may be repre- 
sented in the immediately surrounding country, when the station 
is near the line of separation. 

M = Middle District. PB == Pine Barrens. C = Coast Dis- 
trict. CM == Cape May District. 

Localities on the coast islands are marked ‘island.’ 


Absecon 1 O:. -adsiwseoeae be) 962) ae eatin & aE BSH 
Albion; C6e scan wade cee Be aoe san, Deer oreigtts M + PB. 
The Middle District flora indents the Pine Barrens at this point. 
Alizine Pe ae. 4 Si aoe. Gai bode owe af: Gee a PBs 
Miloway, AS as vevdae saree sen eeeeees oRES ite ee eee: 
Almonesson, B 6. ia dunsdwadets df Sunk sibs, MednieBuaea cet eoth teat hase M. 
Ancor. CF 22: byes i8e ei ce eee TeOes eee ees PB. 
Andrews, C7. ....... Balsa’ Lue Geakgoxs ...PB+M. 
Anglesea, C12.... . sd ee eseagesor Saeee C (island). 
Anglesea Jne., C 12. Bi Mek. athe ehh Shoes CM+C 
Apple-pie Hill, D6... .25 a2. 4 akiedeans dent: Gaeta eRe PB. 
Arneys Mt., D5. .. betes by ighhuian Riga esss M. 
ASpOt, BGs. s3.isnea tegynyes Sis fil. Haseena eee _M. 
Asbury Path, F a.isccesscies evitine cies we eR bE ty Cc 


The notthern extremity of the Pine Barrens lies ‘iat ‘hace of Asbury 
Park, and some elements of this flora are recorded from there. 


796 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Ashland, BO, 464 (6-(8& -3 4p hoe Reeds data oa SA aad M. 
PGianiie Cui, Botti ogagetiwows ve sacle eased eesde C (island). 
Atlantic Hiehiands, Fin. iw sacs dawwu od eae Sse ley a ane M. 
tor 6. 5 a die isa Sane Gass eco Na ene este ae a estes PB. 


An indentation of the Middle District flora below Clementon reaches 
nearly or quite to Atco. 


AtSIOH, DDFs cn deege Pia Ley eek ak goes Sa See gape che meaw PB. 
A few Middle District species follow up the stream all the way to 
Atsion. 
Avalon, D2. sgescsseewns tes eyes ts y mpace ceca Ae ee C (island). 
Avon F 25 ai.veeseriee Ges iuenseate 66nd oe ace Mh 
Ballinger’s: MOIR CG. cic .tesgeeynsncae day bo cad Bey wae PB. 
Close to the western edge. 
Romper, 2G. 2 ieeere ive! de dvebiecisvedds. weyers vs PRB. 
Formerly Ferago, now Cedar Crest. 
IARICOdi a Oi yeu. 6 waserdoe SRR e hee eeN ees PB 4: €. 
Barneeat, Citi PG. ascii cheso ceed escent »+€ (island). 
Baresat Pict NS. > cickoscaesaredaasseseunsse: C + PB. 
‘Barrel lslanids FSi cater ipa acnasinncs wlaeee tie pane aie nets C. 
Batsto, D7. .. iby Dion pe teen Eee. a ebyes PB. 
BAyeoG, UAL nanos Poggecayeudes ue eeomebiesuee PB+C. 
DAVEE, Ob arcaais SEP Minne viet dae REESE oeeS dA ...M+C 
Beaver Danis 3B TOs sche: wield dnd ouiieinddee sea gine .. M, 
Peay, as His taser TVS eAGsSNee USO ON eo Shen dawead C+ M. 
Benne, Citi 2ineles teobee- Seake ds oaiherueeiewiesas CM. 
ica ae |: Cees ery ee PB. 
Close to the western edge. 
Beach Payen Nenh, PS. ccev: sadeapheasauencad C (island). 


Now Brant Beach. 
Beach Haven North = Brant Beach. 
Beach Haven Termacé, PS). sesadcacwasaedd vor C (island). 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 797 


BOA Lita Aa pact a Se bi omunL ae bhee ibe ands M. 
Blaclowoad, 61-1 Sas chee kane ie te mead 2a 56 30% M. 
Biren ata 3.5.55 ho a dow ho casa eek adhe? Dowa axe Seo lacs M. 
BRM WANy NGS G0 9 St) eo oat eal e ILE ors abies. ons ad M. 
Bridgeton, B O45. 3254¢aes EdD tot Ci ok ee pele Nl) * ..M 
Bid Senor, A. Geol boabareaewaownsesaeewascauteuol als M. 
Bordentown, D3. ..... AGB ake REA ed oo Sees ade’ Me 
NEG eA Ae se Di icin Sart al nets aces eerie © GS ast By hn ot C+M. 
Brows. Mills, Dao waco de aegskaeer baesondensen PB-+M.. 
Apparently close to the boundary line. 
Brant Beach, F8. ..... eT eee eee .C (island). 
Buckehmtem, 6 TO> asc... nawiaxenboxseeosdenuenivoden. M. 
Bigleign Cass yo ees neh. jane Ke eheas bach “ase CM. 
Burlingeton. (Cai le eh cea DAs ede ASee Raa ceeeias M. 
Camden BGs, sh. dskssa Soave: Saesideeiees 44> tad Mb, 
Cape May Cie oes: keke Ga weed eee ee ia bak CM + C. 
Bear Swallip, (Gees a awaeecde uekedewee  Beo¥s +42 PBs 
Beésleys: Pts. BiG. se.a se see esas Dems, Be assole as C. 
Belleplaine, Cio. ....... it Weeieot Ab oe aaa ye ik Bs 
Buena, or Buena: Vista, C 8. cic casera cenanx er ses 4 1... PB? 


Apparently there is a strong Middle District element running up the 
streams at this point. 


Cape May Court House. GC 12) bic o0ks twee os waden sity COM. 
There are certain Pine Barren elements Bere saad theres in tie vicinity, 
while many coast plants from the marshes a mile to the east are 


recorded as from Court House. 


Cape May Pomit, C 132i .cocaxcse cree ee seen ..CM + C. 
Cassville, FE 4. ...... eae Be Mish o fahe Borate, oka eta cia eed PB? 
Cedar Bridge, E6. ........ ek he pares acaeae bonne eee PB. 
Cedar Bonnet, F.8. ....... dh calcula eee ooo easn Bao eat Cc 


Cédae Bick Fy) wwccks: xi dagaacdceeeuenecmrreeaete: PB. 


798 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Cedat Crest ES. upcseecex >a sr lfoaies Ths ataee istoutss ibaa Danes PB. 
Same as Bamber and Ferago. 
Cedar Grove BF. sc: pieces beaeseresncestecks Gan neko. PB. 
eds TA Gy cuteweeoghed seeahund.s Mewar depen made PB. 
Centétion: BS: 2. «chanced euadice Wick Bes eeu F St 
Center Square, A 6. 0. Lecce eee eae ta ama M. 
Chatsworth, DG. vcscuciecauca  Sokaekeuldacisiciaelaa eeeie #5 . PB. 
Formerly called Shamong. : 
immerse Te. 12nd oho caueies Gaawseweass Hiweena ee M. 
Clarksboro, B6. . ........ cee eee Be ia Soa. “omvaaet M. 
Clarlestiere, Oss: eae se seeeusncavaaetae ae eles as eae 
Clementon, MG he stan Bede sath tas elie os hed ee as oe MAL PB: 
The Pine Barrens begin right below the station. 
Clermont Tie. ae. dea eereewe re buuewseeae anys CM + C. 
Collier’s Mill, Fg. 4.0040: Bemeasensaaeen seas ....M+ PB 
Collingswood, B5. .... ..... Gar elebeakieas wojny giease ...M. 
Coloone Dig. asameeimesceeeees aady wes ny San aati We os PB. 
Cong, FS. ice skugeetopend eaewens ye ce Guwe es weuse C+ M? 
Coopers Creek and Coopers Ferry, B5....... er ere rere M. 
Court House = Cape May Court House. 
Crosemicks WP 3  ocsedn oh e kale secigtiessi asten NPR, BB, sehacehyes ..M. 
Crowleytown, D8. se iP weac merely, ne ae ae OC. 
The Coast Strip ‘shines up the Ege scien river. 
COS HEIs ihe ei as eee a ae ere cr ear me ee C + PB. 
Cald Sonne GC tice seekek Sinewoaeneeadede os CM + C. 
Davedpart, Be. c.chdnsaaoas RONAN Dien aeons PB. 
Weds Te Ge nt bo GR ices tea eae ya eal hp. ahens Saas ...C+M? 
MIG, ee ie arp ates 2 eo eke wend a eat oe Nia eaanisetan Shans M. 
TOTO, Ay ness ou ee Oat een ae end gieeek Gl awash M. 


Delance, C4. ix. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 799 


Dennisville; Ct. hie A edebten eb ehe betes ke owe CM+C 
eDias: Creek (@126 40: -abagharbidt doldde apes CM + C 
Dividing Creek, Bio. . ...... Femme he Oe IY NS M+C. 
Double rouble FS. wii oc acca see dxase eves Ae kee ieee: 
Dover Notee, ES 2653456 aes bene eas en ee ene PB. 
Dowmnstewa, C Bi 6 -s22th eoiueok, actccuskioes .PB (M?) 
Eatontown, Fo. . s2265 Aig gases eases = ae ya: 
Egg Harbor of old authors — Beesley’s Point. 

Hoe Harier City, DE: gc26 avavganacey se) acKee PE, 


Bip nth Streek, (Be soo uke Gd dha de ha haere nae PB. 
Part of a large settlement tract of which Hammonton was a part. 
This is a wild spot where the extension of “Eighth St.” crosses Hospi- 

tality Branch. 


hlinet, BS: saad eaicadeawes daw es Sen ees wakes wee M.- 
Bismbore Twi, AS. wsesedisepes dees sp Lee Ga Realy M. 
Elwood, D8... .. 7m Nicene eiaouaa sens Crain Secs 
Enphshtowi Fee) ) <. iceckldweeks Gea Goucisawersy M. 
Enpaneville, INC. i Gi2cesus wdeska se eee Aivamisee Peg as M. 
Paittony,. BOs. cickiwaeas chess ew eae se esees seee VE 
Fairview, Bi6. .........---- male ah oh let 8 eonc te conan cance M. 
Rarminodale Fa. 45 ses Sere. 4 Gees + pda M + PB. 
Several Pine Barren tongues pass on either side of the town. 
Dera, Fee. a nccewaet se alos woah ee abe Aik KM. Beas PB: 
Old name for Bamber, now Cedarcrest. 
Fish House, B§. 22: 4¢e% scus ses be aemoe wae ee err iG 
Florence or Florence Heights, C4. .....--.0 . 5.055 ce eeee M. 
Folsom, C8. ....4...00- eechete PMG. es eee eens PB. 
Parked Riven 6.446 deepsea ens roe PB+C. 
Franklinville, B8. ......0 26 cece eee .SGe Eaeeebe .. M. 
Preeteld, B2. coc Gai ps cdseeenteeeee- Nets lees ..M, 


Glascbote, 8 o.-i6. seen eyes oene eee rele 'M. 


800 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Gloweester, BG: 4.34 gist .Gaeaded ..M. 
Goshen, C1r. .... ....... Lite dtp Goran eee ae se opyloMe 
Grenloch, BiG. ccc rene Ry eee nites, ah es at hoarse an pee M. 
Green. Creek, C12. ccc ns oa bases eee ees ..CM+C. 


Green Bank, D8. ee ee er secy «PBR, 
Griffith’s Swamp, B 5. near Lawnside. 


A curious Pine Barren “island,” now completely destroyed. 


Haddonfield, B 5. toe Re Le Ste Monee ewes . oo. M. 
Halfway House, below Bonds, RK 8.....  .... ...C (island). 
Hainesport Gis. “snetas Bixveeer esse “SuceGeenes M. 
False: TG. oa weysege Gee eks i) SHERRI Be OEE EUS M. 
Praiminonton, C'S)! 94 ag ae tho boas Hades PB. 


There are a number of Middle District plants in the neighborhood, 
largely due, no doubt, to the long settlement of the place, but apparently 
partly intruders from the coast via Hammonton creek. 


aneven! HG ui eee. Bevaaute. Sees PB. 
Harttord, (Cohasset uae deo eaek ene aeons 2 haw a M. 
Harvey Cedars, P72 2:26: Seah eee we AG eleia 
Herman, D8 ........... abe Seay PB-+ C. 
Fligh Bicee, EG). nxicnudresevaderes ave ee ee ee le 
Holeates, FS. 4s kiwetevas Game LAS td inn aa woe C (island). 
Doth etc (i. «, -ixpeewavewitew ate ctk ne geas C (island). 
Pilate: Seno. ives Inia eh oe, . Wan dudalen pheno a M. 
Hornerstown, D4. ............. whe? seb, Patek. ate 
Hospitality Bridge, R6.... 0 6  siac. a: Spates Bin Qee we qa 
Same as Eighth St. 
Histed; BS. gi. sscke scenes Hi aot ot: F a eas 
tek OF | ea Eee REELS eae lle fe 0 eeBs 
UO: Tl Bale ucds vou wen essai s be weKek ech ed dee eeundes PB. 


Island Heights and I. H. Junction, F 5. ... & «PB-PG, 
Jackson, £6, 224530443 ee ee MRR) Diarmegnensine PB. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 801 


FORICNO, sche asd sa inser iene excaute es Rance ison tetera ae ales tad M. 
Joe's (or Job’s) Bridge, D9. 54 bb ihidaaueaxdekecudbas PB. 
Jones Mill, D6. ...... neater © Corre aspects PB. 
JUMO: eoknuabvapepieyaguewnatodrsadeteouesescemy! M. 
Reigns POM Bie 2242S eakeawand saa en baw vec M. 
Kenilworth, C6. .............. lis ioe e ean eA aie Go had PB. 
Weyer le cages hares paar enaune ed Rival whee Shae M. 
TGiiGre NC A) car bate cures Sead cece thee iad ae M. 
Kirkwood: BOs id teoudda Heed ae ganaernee ee taba M. 
Tye, O,.Ka eke awa eos eee a eeroa Res pen eye saaees PB. 
Lakehurst, - Fda sieds 32h Ba oes eh ab be Rea ve ee PB. 
Formerly Manchester. 
Lakewood, F 4. ..... ey ee Ee ee er nr ere PB. 
Dandisynle; CS. leanne es pee tan awa eee ey odes PB. 


The same prevalence of Middle district species as at Hammonton— 
mainly due, I think, to long settlement, but see Buena. 


Little Timber Creek, BG. ou .-avuovesddegvioaness te eis chee oa M. 

Longacoming = Berlin. 

Te pote Bt etn iy Gy a dace sp Sag Steg ew gain ee ..C+M. 
There is also a slight PB edetaiant a little to ave west. 

Lone Catisway, BO. 6928154. g0c0nesvaned Sai cert aes anaiti’ PB. 

Longport, B iO. ..ssscgasexcas Fie Betas sees Osan ...C (island). 

TCAStOn ss (CiGie. sece-socuitin a eias tes ae ROAR RRL oO Ear eidrars PB. 

Lumberton, IG. stra wes Saeeeeegae igeatenes boaiicelane a a M. 

Tawriside) Be, sheer ORG eee eee eee eras M. 

Lindenwold, C6. ........ cece eee eee (Se dee Rae ee .M. 
A bog with a curious mixture of M and PB species. 

Rodist Greve (CG. cre coetnencdes lad ewaes de hia Ervaienta hs M. 

Magaolia; BG. jh a dinuneriiwn was Supenor Renee Sa M. 

Mala: Be: Soa A aie eee Sae yay Se Sara hee Bada M + PB 


About on the line. 
51 MUS 


802 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Wianatiawkit, BB gieso guess iveetexe ss Bbueeineet PB+C 


Ranasaan, Fl Ao os sada sewebswoneeenss evseuiaee ys C+M. 
Cf. Pt. Pleasant. 


Manchester = Lakehurst. 


Mantoloktne, lA. »2,Jeéugeesaeseer ere heses eee C (island). 
Mantua, BiG esocseceucaad At eveuseseweeshver ies guess M. 
Manumuskin, C10... . ce ce cee neces PB+C. 
Masonville sC-65 oes: attire Suan ORE nase eran eas aa Nees M. 
Wiehe, Ge ue eet awe ee berate Samant elie ts C+ PB. 
Matawan; ES astacndste- sade nea seabiee, See er eee M. 
Mays’ Laiditie. 1) 6s sche ca rciuawwasieeeen eee ee ey PB + C. 

The Coast Strip flora comes up the river to the Mays Landing dam. 
Manniioton, AS. s2dsesipeae¥e. saebes xoseeene rd eaunes M. 
Medrard, © 6. seus pviwk doveeoerveeebes: aewueretee ees M. 
Merekaviville, BS) 2racao0 6 apegpoesaeu pea ieexneaawens M. 
Mickleton.AltOs wsteeiees GAG asta Payee ge ee SB RaRA M. 
Widder, FS shu eaieereanesepeueneeaanweeeeee es M. 
MMA, 3G) jouw eeneedyeiekaaereee esa eee es PB+M. 
Micrastowm. ig. veces eeraidaweder rein eees Tbiaidig eae aia M. 
Morris, PBpibte- te. enrastaunca ae tae eM a NRT eaee & ane Need dhs tet M. 
Nioint Meleatin, Bao jst teens aicenn to osinaneagiens M. 
Mount oly oo tied sel ceyeegutniacokacteanegceiens M. 
Miiied nliN; Bie wisce knee wee ewe seme Fea eonehoweae M. 
Munyon Field, E8 ...... eeeeeies Ie Sits ete rhe are ete, PB. 
TAGS, TET aod et leans. tio wa cere back doust ne Glretna au ateliee, M. 
IEW CLE, Teo a cies ee Oe ees ou away uet bse oe PB. 
New Ea ph I 4a aes hal eas eee eee eee y vena ndere’ee M. 
New Maclagd, 06. s.ccescattdawerccddcisuiodacs CM + C. 


New Genin vC ey wakes s beens redeeherGaaaeuese cows s PB. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 803 


INGW Lisben, IG. acy. omevadgub el did ancauee iil PB + M. 
On the line. 

Newport: 1B 40): ruarieteertiusiasdspapartebeledainca ce M. 
Newtonville, C8. ....... Gaba ioritheoat hadeeh toe pk iat onl otyhae a, a aL iD. 
North Beach Haven, F8. ..................... ..C (island). 
Oaklyn Bes qaeucehe logue ehehed Soe oe ao. a aeaenese M. 
Ocean Beach = Belmar. 

Ocean City, D to. Mucha Gbaeamevenwakeneadouas Co idan 
erin Grove. FS. cata a tice tawsene pyaawess eine eel C. 

Cf. Asbury Park. 

Oeeai View Diy 2 acco esos caucere ed oh igads cele wa ses. C. 
Otehatd, BS: susie oneousgitewaboiSumeesgadataeusoee M. 
PPE An fea oor ag eee ko ee ee 1 COT at a tt ealchn cae M. 
PaleninGe IT) “enn ee uae omen es euStawuda sane. PB+C. 
Waneadce, Ce taduns ocani hin Saas ee see lu aeih wets 3% oa ..PB 
Paricdale, © 9. wuadeiasdsuuss eerste Pre a tee ee One PB. 
Pasaccha i 6) ceenederouyu bug saad ts guememino aes PB. 
Paulsboro,2 BG: % pitsin dock GREER eae aoe La eee M. 
Piermont, D 12. ........... Sona oT eideh cake epee C (island) 
Pethdla, 1S) aie peau ote oh Seenaate C (island). 
Pemberion, 15. sey teaasa dena tare ob Qeor seas: Be nh A M. 
EEe=10 6195 | Ne © 6 aan a a eee Se Pea ge PB, 
Pensauken, C5. 2.0uca. CLR Ree wie ease eee lle eM, 
Pennsgrove, A'7. ..... fA a Aliscaliadedae teabsatohers heures pesos ee M. 
Peterspiite, Tei wean cies ewe wa ais ies tenant ola Sistin PB. 
Phalanx 2) sivccies oaxa thay eeeaawer sends s ewe cose M. 
Pipers Comet, C6. cco pdee eis enhuaeis i eehostGemnne 4s PB. 
Pitman, BD %. ecakcvecas Goats ee eeseseeansekeendas ees M. 
Piste, 6, Gyo tabaeeieaeiwarass ee einsen se PB. 


Pleasant: Mulls: D8: ceiceiaeis Geass peared etwas PB. 


804 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Point Pleasant, F 4. .... cee eee ee eee eee C+M-+ PB. 


A curious mixture in this vicinity, an arm of PB from the west and 
one of M to the north. 


Prospertown: Han i ssakeyet se eeee see anieewed se ayiees M. 
Pore Bliwabeth, ClOn..agee 2oease o0eee ieee M (C-+ PB?). 
Quakér: Bridge: 7: cx ot ees We aie eS PB. 
Quinton. Ars. pact whdeke aonb Sa ana ae ee aa M. 
Ravicocas, Cay sass phot a wa ew ewe se eaueR Oe Cen M. 
Redbank, BiG. au :iganes teow eeews wen Pe Ree Se Eos aga M, 
Réd Bankes BeeF uu. ty osles eee gas ee baa M. 
Repaupo;, BiGy 2.20490 teeth oe cee een EN Ease M 
Riddleton, AcS™ 36. che dave aae dies yavdee even Gaeta Rees M. 
Riverside Ae a7 Bel ease al Lae paper he awa Mas M. 
Riverton; °C. Ar -essiwi suey ov eee oradawes Goa Rel eee M. 
Rid: Gratide- Cle. 25 vas ane agar. te bien eA ies CM. 
SaleniecAiO >. Oui pay areca Red aa eed au beatae M. 
Satidy Hook Pi. cionn eee udaw sin secaeew utes C+M. 
Sed Breeze, ATOs suskeil cue wee da Meas eea aa pee eee C. 
DeavHeNe: Ge seeens is whbieypeude aes dues orecees C-+M. 
DORIS Te ste CES Ue ORs ean Bett ae C+ M (+ PB?). 
Oca Tavern Ube, 46s maeynarn ave oak de utees C (island). 
meade Pat EG. “aaa ianea cee naveedeenas C (island). 
mee Use City, (Ie Piss 34:0 ss Baa ato ewa nn Gada C (island). 
Ny Ge Sra eens Sigs eng ar ea tars eee he ie rs Sued de M. 
Phatptomil Gh Fy Keseustclaerasieskes ts lobee eae ee M. 
eer Ne 200 8 cond clea he Ot ehh ane tet Bett ames oo M. 
SUG River FS. .yieg uae tewenod cee eks eoedd lo. bos, M. 
Sine CGY ooiiden here aeuw ns doe aeaker susan an: M. 


* While the different capitalization here shown may not have been con- 
sistently followed in the text, the Redbank in Monmouth Co. is always near 


the beginning of the list of localities, as they are arranged from north to 
south. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 805 


Setheris Pout, 0G: svycebaaee tl evey cca diene td C (+ PB?) 
PpCedw el) TING.) stb aw daeansee stint ne a tenes PB. 
epiay Beach F Boos oy dagesananeeseleeesees C (island). 
Springdale, C 6s gece isa: A Aaa tler a ax mae een Gime de M. 
woting Gagden CQ ak ohio iew sig ea aed bc eee PB. 
Spring Lake, i S.ice. ieee ts eeedinnes pita: aloe MM. 
mistetd Motee: Bi once neein se aaddn denis eegondieus PB; 
PW CUESHONO, BUF anes nus cexenriauneehucekes Teuku M. 
Swimm Rivet BO) o6..cy2 euaane 1 Geeuicone bo kkweeeen M. 
DEae Crete Ay Se Mole) ees eens egy en Gable hie ened M. 
Stone Harbor, C72. a. acu. gh Pashoen een aaa ies C (island). 
Sumter: “C Oxia tea Ne oie eee | ad PB + M. 
Nearly on the line. 
Vaberracle, D6. cis cceeia vs SES: obeecsh ss Seon PB. 
Much cleared away. 
T aeannbhty, C Gs, nave Bedi Laan oie Pick oireewn heey cbaeaieele PB + M. 
About on‘the line. 
himiber Creek. GG. icnt2.cseericyswoe ecetdereseen tees: M. 
‘Romlin: BOs 2zadyseiwaes coco eS PAG Gd DASE Ee ORE SAS M. 
Hots iver ob Go 22.58 ce iad a ateawas eee awawe PB+C. 
Pickahoes CG itOs cabins asta nelson eie Pi aeiees PB+C. 
Tuckerss P'S. isa bets ah bls an ens ee eee C (island). 
uckerton Os silos cae ee eat ewe Cae aes PB + C. 
"PE Welith St Bi cid beltine cook tent SoD hehe aS Bates arn ds Coden PB. 
At Hospitality Branch cf. “Eighth St.” 
Union Grove, B8. ...... ieee Gas LAA See peut estate cade Rearees Vl 
Ventnor, E10: ,eesnougeegnenceuieewsesceededs C (island). 
Viseentown, (D Sy cytaceeversen chy $ave eo) seen oeae ee M. 
Melanie: IO Kieu behpa sweet ora eee damn eek wae PB. 


Very much cleared and long settled, which accounts at least in part 
for the Middle District element. Cf. Hammonton, Landisville and 


Buena. 


Waretown, F6. ..... ee ee eee eee er whee 


806 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Washinetow Park, B 6: jc0s:ssesversegsegcevedenes ieee M. 
Waterfotd, C9. gsissyehs soanaes peae sede ee nnee shee PB. 
Weekstown; DiS) as) sedagetereawageewne hee pees PB. 
Wenonah; BO: aceeds 33 geeed eee eage Notas M. 
Wess Credle, Bia ste ea chek eshedesaue eae C + PB. 
West Deptiond, BS. o2.gksacpaians 2 Ree eases eee M. 
Apparently mainly in the vicinity of Washington Park. 
Westiiont, Bis: occ. icuesnes satnaleaata Hee e eRe e ee M. 
Westwille, (BiGe a2csiaguidawnt vette er ere M. 
Wermotth, GS, a5c0cie di wera pea eewes eek Ree eee ae we PB. 
Whiskey Road, B 6. .scgucdsieeserseaeseaveeuegeseeaes M. 
White: Howsé:..D6: 2. cces ees eho eeni ee ers Ridges PB. 
Whitesboro; C12 a aicueadee tatsineedol eed haw Aeiess CM. 
Whitings, E5. ...... Gpnatin aus. Oia teuseentneea eased eager tleetyse ae aca ae PB. 
Willarstowa Jumetion <0 9. sus. esdavasadeoens eee ewes PB. 
Willow Groves BoSs scciwed ees iew yon iawees eh ces eons PB. 
Winslow and Winslow Jnc:, C 7. 60... eee eee PB. 
Wioddbitié. (C11. wassuwwedete bani. eee: exe ee ae EEes PB. 
Woodbury, B6. ...... ibs Seco utd Genders Meh Ree oe Ap ats M. 
Wroodstown, A Fe case ok es wa ea ee Bae aks M. 
‘Woodmansie"F O:...:2cieay adh ou cao we eee sa ee PB. 
Wildwood, C 935 wssy cee usa coes ent enen sate caeee C (island). 
Wildwood) Jes ©:14) swsro seaweed dsew warcg ieaesue sow CM. 
MOP OW, Puc. eveceneeseuecaciee sbatkeeeebanseaueewn M. 
ACTUAL NUMBER OF SPECIES LISTED. 
Peinsy Ct Gino ss ors tnaitenisie oes ae eld hoe veal ob Ned deeded 50 
COME CES,/ Mersstsitins cust e ec janenubnen ys oes aaQaeh parce ee nals we eta eigeee es 10 
GRASSES 5s ns ssnaccressisogacten y 7 3 ctsva antes unear ys Hatos Sache s oe ah PAR nt ia 165 
DESO), warigsd pe eV oa Suen oe Rewede asada uate Gaudi, Rei an Gdamen eae 165 
Other MonocotyledGHs, sense ciccncavieoonie oxva ceadeienewed ah latina 6 161 
Dicotyledons (Polypetalae), ......... 0.6 cee ee cece e eee eee te eneenns 461 


(Gamopetalac}s sesesissseuey wae seeiesnunce es so4 eres 380 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 807 


GLOSSARY. 


Acaulescent. Stemless. 

Achene. A small dry, one-seeded, non-splitting fruit, 

Acuminate. Tapering at the end. 

Amplexicaul. Clasping the stem. 

Annual. Lasting but one year. 

Anther. Terminal part of the stamen, bearing the pollen. 

Apetalous, Without petals. 

Arachnoid, Like cobwebs. 

Aril, An appendage growing at the point of attachment of the seed. 

Aristate. Awned, or provided with bristles. 

Awn. A bristle-like appendage. 

Axil. Juncture of a leaf or branch with the stem. 

Blade. The flat part of a leaf, 

Bract. A modified leaf, usually subtending a flower. 

Calyx. The outer part of the perianth of a flower ; composed of the sepals. 

Campanulate. Bell shaped. 

Canescent. Gray-hairy. 

Capitate. In heads. 

Capsule. A dry non-splitting fruit of more than one carpel, 

Cauline. Belonging to the stem. 

Circumcissile. Splitting by a transverse circular line of division. 

Cleistogamous. Fertilized in the bud, without the flower opening. 

Coriaceous. Leathery. 

Corolla, The inner part of the perianth, composed of the petals. 

Corymb, A flat-topped flower cluster, the marginal flowers blooming first. 

Cotyledons. The first leaves of the embryo as found in the seed. 

Crenate. Dentate with rounded teeth. 

Cyme. A flat-topped flower cluster, with the central or terminal flowers 
blooming first. 

Dentate. Toothed. 

Dichotomous. Forking regularly by pairs. 

Dioecious. Staminate and pistiluate flowers on separate plants. 

Drupe. A fleshy fruit, with a hard, usually one-seeded “stone” (inner peri- 
carp). 

Emarginate. With a slight terminal notch. 

Entire. Without teeth or divisions. 

Exserted. Projecting beyond a surrounding covering, calyx, etc. 

Falcate. Scythe-shaped. 

Floret. A small flower; one of a cluster. 

Gamopetalous. Having the petals of the corolla united. 

Glabrate. Somewhat glabrous. 

Glabrous. Smooth. 


808 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 


Glume. A chaff-like bract. In grasses, one of the two empty bracts at the 
base of a spikelet. 
Hastate. Arrow shaped. 
Hirsute. Coarsely or stiffly pubescent. 
Hispid. With bristly hairs. 
Included. Not protruding, opposite of exserted. 
Inflorescence. The flowering portion of a plant. 
Innovation. An offshoot from the stem. 
Involucre. A circle of bracts, surrounding a flower or head of flowers. 
Leaflet. One component of a compound leaf. 
Legume. A pod-like fruit. 
Lemma. The lower bract inclosing the flower in grasses. 
Ligule. A flat strap-shaped corolla, as the ray flowers oF a sunflower, also a 
scarious margin to the sheath of grasses. 
Loculicidal. Splitting or opening by a slit on the top or back’ of a cell or pod. 
Monoecious. Stamens and pistils in separate flowers on the same plant. 
Ocrea, A tubular stipule. 
Palea. The upper bract enclosing the flower of a grass. 
Panicle. An irregular branching inflorescence, with the individual flowers 
pedicelled. 
Papilionaceous. Having a pea-shaped blossom. 
Pappus. A tuft usually of down or bristles at the summit of the seeds ot 
Compositae; in reality part of the calyx. 
Peltate. A shield-shaped leaf, etc., attached by the middle of the lower 
"surface. 
Perianth. The calyx and corolla of a flower. 
Perigynium. The inflated covering of the seed in Carex. 
Persistent. Remaining attached. 
Petal. One of the divisions of the corolla. 
Petiole. A leaf stem. 
Pinna. One of the primary divisions of a fern frond, or a compound leaf. 
Pinnatifid. Cut or divided into pinne. 
Pistil, The seed-bearing organ of the flower, consisting of the ovary, stigma 
and style, 
Pollen. The fertilizing powder contained on the anthers. 
Puberulent. Minutely pubescent. 
Pubescent. Covered with soft, or downy hairs. 
Raceme. An elongate, simple inflorescence, with the flowers pedicelled. 
Ray. Marginal flowers in Compositae; or the branch of an umbel. 
Receptacle. The broadened tip of a stem, pedicel, etc., which bears the flower 
parts (or the flowers of a head). 
Rhachis. The central stem, etc., of a spike or compound leaf. 
Samara. A non-splitting winged fruit. 
Scabrous. Rough and harsh. 
Scape. A stem arising from the ground bearing only flowers. 
Sepal. One of the divisions of the calyx. 
Serrate, With sharp teeth directed forward. 
Sessile, Without a stem of any sort. 
Sheath. A tubular covering, such as the lower part of a grass leaf. 


PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 809 


Sinus. A cleft between two lobes. 

Spathe. A sheath-like bract covering an inflorescence. 

Spadix. A fleshy spike stem or axis. 

Spatulate, Gradually narrowed from a rounded terminal portion. 

Spike. An elongate simple inflorescence, with the flowers sessile or nearly so. 

Spikelet. A small spike; in grasses, one of the individual flowers or flower 
clusters with its bracts. 

Siamen. One of the pollen bearing organs of the flower; the terminal portion 
is the anther. 

Stipe. The stalk of the pistil, or leaf stalk of a fern. 

Stipule. An appendage growing at the base of a petiole. 

Stolon. A runner, which roots. 

Terete, Circular in cross section, 

Ternate. In threes. 

Thyrse. A contracted, cylindrical panicle. 

Tomentose. Densely wooly. 

Umbel. An inflorescence in which the several branches spring from the same 
point. 

Utricle. A small bladder-like body. 

Viscid, Glutinous. 


INDEX. 


(811) 


INDEX. 


Abama, 
Abutilon, 
Acalypha, 
Acer, 
Acerates, 
Achillea, 
Acnida, 
Acorus, 
Acroanthes, 
Actea, 
Actinomeris, 
Adam-and-Eve, 
Adder’s Mouth, 
Adder’s Tongue, 


Yellow, 
PAdiaritrmmly. | <2iceetuscssrdescietectorereaiaanedatnnns 
ACICEAS s-vewcienilgmiesinemaeaimianas 
Adoposony. scnnsewesetanw ene sas, 
Aeschynomene, 
WAipastache,. -secsoasssses Gosusysusiere scareaceieiue’ «++ 666 
Agrimonia, ..........06. ercakoketexaaie vee 483 
AGHMONY; adieu paeiaie wees 483 
Agfostemma, acen.soueesoscwes wom 436 
Aldék,. causes eaeweas ys erica see 402 
ABACK \ seie-dosadsetcussavsseesiednitnaessans os 540 
PAV OELISS, « whsdcesancyvee vaccuenevelansvvee devoheeateetics wes 347 
Alfalfas: siavoswareweseanrers acer aayavertnsac - 496 
Alisma;, scscisascesneeess Be oe. 168 
Allitin,, -tcssstotecceene ieesetaseey B44 
PAV 5 212 jcyeden Saaversnetonauedexcrsictocnenscansedere +. 402 
Alopecurus, ...-..eeeeeeneece aeecataicevevis 222 
AISNE, 2svennt cenoeensegeuns vxve by Ags 
Alum root, <ssau.asaas tae nerear? APB 
Pmatanth, Wesst,, «nis cnsicnnsk yayscatacsia 433 
Great, 
Amaranthus, ........ 
Ambrosia, sccecseoseas see 
Amelanchier, .... 
Ammodenia, .......+-+e00es 
Ammophila, ........ 
Amphicarpon, sisisws duanyhieeenssealsey seat 188 
Amygdalus, .....0.cssecctcaeescene « 490 
Pit, eee os daria aeeinararme pee «. 767 
Andromeda, Privet, ..... peewwaa: BUS 
Andropogon, ..seeseccceeeverce wees EB2 
Anemone, .........- alantiee exes - 452 
Canadas... sidcsuniar,oseasers sevens 452 
RUG). aeeartereiereaucecves ovazevausticnshel AGA: 
Tally: syeracevednn aectesa eee 452 
W00d), sc: csacessscstuasetesthierests «+ 453 


Angelica, .. 


Antennaria, 
Anthemis, 
ANTAY CHIE ysis ob SNE space vapeiareiov ances sersubiens 
LAPIOS HS WieY Ha cacusiesaaca 
Aplectrum, 
Apocynum, 
Apple; (Crabs. -asiasiccenaunesaoayaernses os 486 
Aquilegia; pac a.erersdaaweonadecennied 452 
Apaliay: seve suediawanes ines cwnee tances . 589 
ATBOEUS). wcwiseeoue eves emesis «. 619 
Arctium, <ssavei.es B iroasitagtyteaecaieinceinigeben 728 
Arctostaphylos, ............-- eee «s+ 620 
POM AL ae sie gies oy roushdersv tues dvblerragcra bes ecenin win 437 
Arethusa;, sciseicnitaiianwa ven: eas 9972 
Arisaema, es cjninrs yeas ceckeeeewrs 314 
JATIStida, scons panaeare ete os 217 
Aristolochia; ecsacas dese ee ates ewan 418 
TOW as, <ecccess:tbks: <a ssarensvhyscnaids ixdcducaemeue eaten 487 
Art OW PAT UI. cs jir0ie Siauncdinvechitncdshicuevaversene 315 
Avrowhesd, Common, agussspeaws ewan 169 
Long-beaked, ......... os 7K 
Sessile-fruited, .......... 171 
Grass-leaved, ......... vee 292 
Subulate, ............. +. 172 
Arrow-grass, Seaside, .......-....0+ . 166 
ALTOW=WO0K, 6c sicicpeverererwe eieiceraiere erase + 709 
ATtEMISia; ca ensadesuiercosmeer pees 775 
Arum, Artow;: sscascnnre eicnaiwensre . 315 
Asclepias, . 2a c3cccaeseedester esses 647 
PR SOV ‘esa caved pcacdhavaie coo thesavacdscelece/eag -bieueas 552 
ASAP UM, caiisvereiigsusranestucced aac ieabsendeacicauchciees 418 
INSBS sasereian wieeany waived witneme ges wee 635 
ASH, Prickly. .csvaeinis nina canarias: - 518 
ASIMINa,, aacravelisaeeweer wes eanes - 448 
Aspen, American, ........-..0-00000 392 
Large-toothed, .............5. 392 
Asphodel, Bog, ......-.sseseeeeeee +. 338 


Asphodel, Viscid, .. 
Aspidium, .... 
Asplenium, ..... 


ASters. iaisseigivcevienerssaisiersinederee bias Nocetanche o. 754 
Plattepped, ccvceceyernyee nes « 763 
Geldeny gecvevesaceaicax contaw Bt 
Stiff-leaved, ...... Sek i choaeeeee wate 764 
White-topped, ..... Ree re eee » 783 

Aster concolor, .....essessereeee ese: FS7: 
COPdifOhUS; sess eearee sewers ewe 985 

dumosus, ........0eeeeeeeeeees 760 
SPICGICES, sa wee wrue new vn wiea iicenion FEO 


814 


PAGE. 
Aster divaricatus, .....-..eseeeeeeeee 755 
gracilis, .....0.-. eee eeeeeeeees 758 
levis), caisiesees seawenseseestes 757 
lateriflorus, ..... i ionshegsut Sue SIRNSS 761 
macrophyllus, ...........eeeee 755 
nove-angliae, ..--...ee eee eee 756 
novi-belgii, ......2eeceeeeeeene 757 
nemoralis, ....-++s+++++ wasn 9 759 
patens, ........ oscharspacecn avert Ie ++ 756 
paniculatus, 
puniceus, 
radula, .... 
spectabilis, 
subulatus, 
tenuifolius, 
undulatus, 
vimineus, 
‘Atriplex. cues vateek ones He eee as 
WAV en 8). sacapsenicre.creaGaicaue Waeregere benpein eee 
AN ZANE Gs ~ vasesin ans sev svev shies Sovababeeeatieseses nist. eee 
Bacchariss, «vicsewsecayes ee ey Ay | 
Balsam Apple, Wild, .........+-+-20> 713 
Baneberry, Red, ..........eceeeeeeee 451 
WARIEGs,  csccijanicoseyssatetenonca, Shovecs 451 
Baptisia, ....... 
Barbarea, ..... 
Batten, B. Se oeveesea. scaasees 
Barton, W. P. C., 
Bartonia,. svaciorsshaiae ease Seek 
Dasstay. ~ seceiescishsvesass.adesovazecessinverssesevacesocensOe 
Basswood, ......- 
Batrachium’s vivaseoe ciciesaiaauae wei 
Bayer, hausasy eres aseioratalalaind 395 
Béach’ Pea; sscusiseesoe< SGhGEN cones ys 510 
Bean, Wild, . 
Bear DeLryy,  o-csscssdvadavadvasa:ideavsctvevayt de toes 
Beard Grass, 
Beard-tongue, 
Bedstraw, ... 
BEY gcse pURWE CERRI EES Oe SERS 
Beech-drops, ........... Sa SAEE GE aieleevent - 695 
Beggars-ticks, ......... oh moma ance ee 
Bellflower: srrcisrecyseierweiiresigcgriiss gs STR 
Bellwort, Perfoliate, ......... dinivnatn 4S 
Sessile-leaved, ......... kite. B43 
Pine Barren, ............. 343 
BGT OUR. i ssaisnye lense eranaveievdecholeaweroudeswleeeace 460 
BereMOl, ccaadewnnnden vaow pie nbateiaee 668 
Betula, wicweres ovoelgnessaeetteoas ++. 400 
Bicuculla, . 
Bidens, ... 
Bindweed, 
Birch, White, ..... sree lsegpenayetale teeasaeas + 400 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 
Bittersweet, ........... sinenisipavensaauabbeveee 543 
Blackberry, Sand, .........-..2.00005 479 
Bush; ages oe iow adden 479 
Tally. ceive tre scence nae 479 
Hispid Swamp, .......... 480 
Black-Haw, ...cecccccsscceccece sivas GET 
Bladder-nut, .............5 gto site sconoe. 543 
Bladderwort,. cos cadsawwsnewsices wits +. 689 
Biatine Stary ccsasscteeexsyeces 341, 740 
Blephariglottis, ..........cceeeeeee +» 367 
BlOOdrOOt;.. iavavee dateseiivends oeescnaivemauerdes +. 461 
Blue: Curls). siscsueseg sasnacns sj nereries + 664 
Blueberry; 6:2 sccrsen ssa seen Se ateinax xs O24 
Blue-eyed Grass, 2s sseseeus desis ve 360 
BIGG-HOA EES). «a5 ce ceraaistcs tieiezaueserale ereteune’ sive: 6 683 
Bluets, ..... a yotinds evan dats) aebevome cess eopanatie-s gor 
Boehmeriay. s:0isisisssronewiatecietvote edcaeesgeea 41s 
Bog Asphodel, aces scsiesaa sane ae cue 338 
Boltonia;: cseosanese ewes d ees ea 753 
Bone-set, ..ccssceccccssesses Sisdensucsou? 734 
Bone-set, Climbing, ..............5 ++ 739 
False}: | cssa’s siedarne sizegioin ee 739 
DOVORI, 2ce wey eee cesney tenes v8 122 
Bouncing: Bet} coceey ss hows ak eae voce 436 
BO: OGG 5, sina zacaye'i sexoueuestvo, Guasducaveseresaane 545 
Brachyelytrum, .......-.....seeeeees 221 
Bracken. jos :s/d:sazeienners. tsyecinsty wlaeanste ees 130 
Bradburya,. sr isicseens serene ene aad 510 
Bras@nia; sce. esis bigatibns“eiioneneyanane wor 443 
Brassica, ......... spulasagncivacdcaueshlovastea, SOI 462 
Breweria,.scisc:dvecenacscotecrcanece ve tse aigheneie aate 652 
Brinton, J. Boy 2 ea eaca cd eentaed sae 509 
BYOmus, scree ev aceieen saints rrr 244 
Brooklime, ...........000005 Motisl eb tusae 682 
BrOOMPAPes, aesisc Nevo ada weningedevese-srtuecreonee ot 694 
Buchnera, ............. aoe aetivareynay ais se 683 
Buckbeany, isisjs 5 searanae eee ces eke 644 
Buckthorn, awe cesadiessene antes ee cee: S46 
Bugle-weed, ......-...20005 atatanogerDesyciete OFD) 
BU BlOSS sa siccaiersnnctie eveveccnsnierd- archer 
Wipers, scsnararsy eenecataia’s see. 658 
Bull Rush, ..........-...05 wage sewers 269 
Bunch-flower, .............. Sete ks 342 
Burdock, sssisseisdan existe fin mpatlecteivanste 728 
Bie Marigold, ieee cnascdeewid semwwarene sone 772 
TRG, TAA sopuis dees 
Burnet, seis dieaaisern Sieasose . 
Baraiig Boshy, <2<ceus Mi s0seuu vinaan 
Bur-reed, ....0e.ceneues ste akenan 
Se sacle niviasunte gone qeneey 
Slender, sascsee runs 
Bursa, ..... avebsbaiace ite ctanne eset soeee 462 
Bush, Burning, ...... ase 
Strawberry, .... 
Bush-clover, ......... er 
TMTUCECHRS, | anoy.a vane ay coun 450, 456 
Butternut, ........ aeenida are Sesh teesee 397 


Butterfly weed, ..................005 647 
Button-bush, .... « 702 
Button weed, ...... okahie oie agave tarava uae 703 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Button wood, ..................00., + 474 
Cabbage, Skunk, ............. sisiatetely 316 
Cacti, ev cwasieeeKeltcecee fe ccs ot SHRES 573 
Cakile, al eiioilar odie sualanabeiland.d wfabeiardes aay eeoen % 463 
Calamagrostis, ............0........, 227 
Calamovilfa, .................000., « 228 
Calamus, ........ Aa O asoah sie Deccaehavavady 317 
Callitriche, 
Caltha,. scavescieees.ccoecueccns 
Camelina, 
Camomile, ..... 730 
Campanula, 2.2 wecevanee sabes adenine on, 714 
Campion: seis t svaens: shane + +0436, 437 
Canby, W. M., ............ sun tgie eevere, IS 
Cape May District, 
Capnoides,.cicinn eee siadas x ooeae eebeg 
Cardamine, .......... 
Cardinal Flower, .... 
Cards: sire seswasac2 ¢ tileoes vind 
RAE Beha edi devedocoeed vnaeeln Cowan 
Carex abscondita, . 

BITS sola viewers hes oes 3l2 


albolutescens, 
annectans, . 


atlantica,. (sic... donsasers ebargecsze's 
Darratit, saa ae oniees ce 
brevior, ..... 

brunnescens, ........ aioe shalsieds «2590, 
WON Stas ascend ermine ea oews Xy 292 
DOMDRUDI,. aa cineaiee os eaveiee es Bt 206 
BAMESCENS, 4a yan outs wee ORG eS 310 
Capillacea, ese vai sies cwecsayesre ¢ 308 
earoliniana, ....... daeakanagersie see 299 
‘ cephalantha, ...... stots seeee 309 
cephalophora, ..............64. 307 
COIMMNSI, shesklidos ohne essex 290 
COMOSA,: eases oes eater ey denis 293 
conoidea, .......... ieee 301 
crinita, ....... sisarag ete we TS «e+ 298 
digitalis, cdi e% daa seca es 302 
disjuncta, ......-..0..004. sees 310 
emmonsi, ......... efskers: ceuate vee 304 
KTS,» osesesesidinnsne aideenc a eeeateeade 306 
festucacea, «1.1... .eeeee cece e ee 312 
MaV4s - cis seaccs Swern oe eee 300 
folliculata, 4 sce veeuax Batescivenerers 291 
glaucodea, .......... eeeereees 300 
Brantlaris,. seis scssce e's ease seeee 300 
QriIsea;. sees neces Sooo 300 
By Nan ray 6. sstdciesesee oscieleres dee 298 
harperi, ............, sive at “ath 305 
hormathodes, ........ eter ses sa; O12 
hystericina, ......... wee es wes 293 
interior, ........... Stew evescaer. GOS 
MNUIMESCONS, dani ctvemaseneaee 2OT 
lacustris, ........+. ajtteienes, eevee 204 
lanuginosa, ...... aude ea ++. 296 
laxiculmis, 6.2.0... cece e eens + 303 
laxiflora, ....... cadviniasave Bidvevordtevane: 301 


leptaleas. eiciec wanciewieisie esis + 305 


PAGE. 
Carex limosa, ............0.054, use BOP 
Miva e.c.cstes sneak oleae abbeichakats 
lupuliformis, . 
lupulina, .............. 
hirida, 4 vadawe 


monile, ...... 
muhlenbergii, . 


nigromarginata, 

Obit essa scidssteireahe e aeeves hur 
pallescens, ............. 

patulifolia, ... 

pedunculata, ................, 
pennsylvanica, ......... sreveuresd 303 
polymorpha, .................. gor 
prasina, ...... wid acisetelacs eS . 207 
Hpatia, 25.4 wes 204 
TOSEA, acres eicedie gd eeyaye woaneeas 307 
SCART APAy se cen 3 wea daaew as 295 
scoparia, ........ NRE eS bcneyeat eae 310 
BOOTSE, Ue tana ih nade cabo we 309 
silicea, ..... 311 
squarrosa, vee 294 
Stipata, ....... wie eae Sea tenes 306 
straminea, eae 3t1 
Strictat, — cwenack seatesvaey cele 296 
styloflexa, 

SWAHE, Fe 2isGawamias dewndcwew 298 
LEME, vewcie natal Saeieee seas 299 
ROCANICG, “ini. atc eiwaldeg Meters 301 
TONSA, se seiiites whee e sceie) ie Sane 304 
tribiloides, .............. eens rt 
ATICEDS;. reyes Sitorieae ease tas 298 
trichocarpa, ......... aieis€ éyeteuene LOM 
(ISPERNMIA, ccd cneweceuvecd sees 310 
typhingidea, <.nsa caews ew e 294 
umbellata, 

utriculata, 

varia, ... 


vestita, ...... teexcea 2 anave oes 295 
vulpinoidea, ......... iw arcuolens-eve: 306. 
walteriana, ........... a iaees 295 
WIMEHOVE) 4406544 caps tieexu es 305 
Carpetweed, ........-.000005 tee ted se 
Carpinus, ...... ase Sania Siete - 399 
Carrion Flower, ....... aigachcaeetoadeacs eee 351 
Hairy, 


Carrot, ..... 
Carrot, Wild, 


Cassandra, 

CaSBt ayo seciverdesissyenelasna Accuses 

Castalia) aseocusaakeuss 

Castanea, . 

Castilleja, ...... 

Or GU 204 poe Bs eee 498 

Catch-fly, Night-flowering, ........... 436 
Stickey;. jcsssce stele 4 van . 437 
SIGepy) av saves iui 1 cans 438 

Cabri, cis. assew rey ecreeins Beate da esaticen 662 

Ca bataily, «cvectke.cra:ive:? savoceran Batwibra ane : a8 

Coast, eas s us igeea ala census seinees oe 158 


816 


PAGE. 
Ceéanothus;. wosce sxsaene cases e aes - 546 
Cedar, WHE, sasccse cous Pew ERE S . 151 
WREG iy 5-Saa! spovadn's oysicus gases ty stevenusrdie 153 
Celandines, secasscccinccsiaiivesé-sieteuevevesd canis wee 460 
GEelastrus,. sci wcargsie eden ¥ Sears » 543 
Celery; Wild). cscwes vsanwe vias is - 173 
Celtis), acaiesssaaxex ee CE oe os 413 
CONC ny, sescpacacaievadezesacese ercssians stoersnevessere - 638 
Cephalanthus, ..... neeavanape erase iSanedaiaddiesers FOR 
Cersetiiy. yews « teccrees aoe teenie + +436, 437 
Ceratophyllum, 
Ceres: <cxus : 
Chaerophyllum, 
Chaetochloa, .....-.-.ssseeee cence esa 
Ch afiSe eds. sisyecace svssauicaeerssazetevenraialaretarer 
Chamaecyparis, 
Chamaedaphne, 
Chamaelirium, 
Chamaenerion, 
Chelidonium, . 
Chelone). sisciees.caccnis oscnein's samieny ¢ai 
Chenopodium, ......... supciee falaheene etna . 428 
Cherry, Growid,. «a cs0esaes saesunaus 675 
SOMES. eieeciaieietseeensteaies don aesenes - 490 
Sweety. “is cayeveseacecevenesd Aesuaentons ince - 490 
Wall, ssarssiesnisnveetasanessiers pistocerecadgn BOR 
Chervil, Spreading, ..... Sansheeer te +. 595 
Chess, Wood, seine ssee eure newest Nee vm 245 
Cresiiat, avasexue vans s ‘teats bas wa! 403 
Chickweed, ...........0seseeeee 436, 439 
Chickweed, Forked, .............. wee 442 
Chickory;) sevecusesaiciasecvtsronrsnvelotityon eee 
Chimaphila, ...... 
Chinquapin, ........... 


Chionanthus, ... 
Chokeberry, Red, 


BLACK), 5 tiiterescreresevcre¥esen ase - 487 
Purple-fruited, ....... see 487 
Chondrophora,. <2 séccicas aiiesears vec « 742 
Christmas green, ....-...-.00see-eeen 143 
Chrosperma, ......ecccccecseceerees . 341 
Chrysanthemum, ........ i itp iene es + 730 
Chrysopsis, ........+. 
Chrysosplenium, ............ 
Cicheritim esccwend eves eae es ‘i 


Cicuta;. 2.625-serasa tase teense eseek 
Cimicifuga, 


TONES. iid webs scan Soa aioenn 
GCinquefoil,, sciiesctese sasaesn ss) sanagsuziels 

Rough, 

Dwarf, .... s 

TEST spcsiicss Ri sisal Atala tare 
ROPER crccdidescartcn ienqranenons socom ee .. 585 
Clamunypweed,, acces aenuescaceianesee 466 
Claytonia, ...... ie RDS Se eae we agree 4398 
Clearweed,; .sesieriecce SE aceuspsee +. 415 
a ds cde dea chew Sooners 704 
VERE hak oaotinien CU cavannn ater eaten 454 
Clethra, oeke sun anges brew buaaG ies - 608 
CiMOpOdium, oacaxeciacuy Ahisiere eters 669 


INDEX. 


Clitoria, 
Clotbur, 
CIO WETS: 2 vessnscasave: saoapasasssece% Vaseseue Shae 
Clover, Bushy, <0 scsiceres vveiveveuesd da 

Club Moss, ‘ 
Chub Rushy. saci eswass od serene see she seve 267 
Géast: -Sthip}. cave sieoee neers . 88, 579, 775 
Cockle, Corn, 
COlIC: ROO; socessiereiiaceiecoseie emp sniiadasere-aracdtoviore - 347 
Collins, Zaccheus, 
Collinsonia, 
Columbine, Wild, 
Comandra, tacit esieinectey: ouseteean 
Commelina, 
Comptonia, ............. 
Cone-flower, 
Conopholis, .......... 
Conrad, S. W., 
Convolvulus, /........... (ane ROR 
Coral-root, 
Corallorhiza, ...........0005 sitevnt vbiiagaliats 
Corema, ......... Moise: Ste viaae tn eal 
COreOpsisy: wa veces sn emwses cs sane 770 
Corn Salad, 
Cornels, ........... 
Cons. sai yeavas 
Corydalis, Pale, 
Corylus, scasssceses 
Cotton Grass, .. 


ROR DAM 6k spe scnrnrnn dito asda ehatoyt +++ 600 
Cowslip, Virginia, ........... eatiteroits O58) 
Cow-whealy, 2+ sasavs scenes ivgivencse G88 
Coelorachis, sicfedazs Wik waa wep wlesenyues . 181 
Crab Apple, Narrow-leaved, ......... 486 
Cracca, ...... aahssdce oc éasieessaisaarsvett/fveome sents 498 
CR a lessee aes brea pononiaenene 627 
Crataegus)... pscieeviceciedacuien seas s “489, 
Creeper, Trumpet, .............565 ~. 695 
Creeper, Virginia, ...... Rigauace uth +. 548. 
Gress, “Bitten, sccecctsiice.«: dsersdens sod evasous sees 464 

Bulbous, ...... 

Hispid,, sisctwoay ences + cakes 

Marsh, sieves neces: 

Pennsylvania, , . 

FROGIG, . laceinnisi otce dh aecvers 

Round-leaved, 


Winter, ...... ees 
"TEUOW, sacciene ncuaves 034% 
Crotalaria, 


CEOLOMODSIS, ios ni sci cersiese sm eveveonseeve wecaraveve 526 
Crowberry, Conrad’s, ...........004 + 530 
Crowfoot; ivirecvsacasiin Daca tare: Reni 454 
Cucumber, Indian, ...... Bs ee Bracokcraudeaee + 350 

Stari sisi e wsnateaieea wan GES 
Cud weed, ........... svelte ralecave riiavene s. FOS 
Culver’s Root, .......:e0seees teneeee 683 
Canila,, ccssseansex evs ote rea wits owes: 671 
Cuphea, Clammy, ........ oaulanaqateiiationare 6457.6" 
Curly Grass, sic... Srahieapaencineaadsieees weigte 225 
CUBCHEE,. siesee eisecoraererns ssltiyenee ea eereres. OSA 


INDEX. 


‘Cyperus eylindricus, ................ 255 
Cyperus dentatus, ........ SPREE SS Sad 251 
diandrus, .................5 250 
dipsaciformis, ............. 254 
erytbroriazos,. «<< swede ge ek 252 
esculentus, ...........0000. 
HNCUIIS, a4 sek chews b Reva 
flavescens, ................ 
SUAYIi yg: 8 Seheinendeunanin ele 
hystricinus, 
lancastriensis, 
macilentus, ................ 
microdontus, 
nuttallii, ...... 
ovularis, ........ 
pseudovegetus, 
VEITOTIOCNIS, 2 oes eee acaan 
TIVAIATIS), eg ysis cyetyesaa.sisse ada 
speciosus, .............000. 
SI COSUS, | eto ets oda a os 
Cynoglossum, 
Cynthia, .aeeisscis 
Cyperus, .......... 
Cypress, Bald, 
Cypripidium, 
Daisy, OUEVE oso sceos ae Keane ce Soy 
Dalibarday. 2p .c)s4 44 dies 2s sateen eed 
Dandelony scties ¢2 ycaeeae ee Boies & eee 
Dwarf, 
Danthonia, scaiivos caesar veeranees sescmile 
Darlington, Wm., 
DasystOmay, my22¢.2 wacds: os Veet a ees 
MDB GUT ae cos epee. beac anges Gah ces eendae ae Shenae 674 
Decoders, tysce savthnieshne veins acoder 575 
Deerbetry,: - sew eerie eae 2c eae 624 
DERM, boy cecdow < Behind Fee Ks 615 
Dentaria; i262 23 scenes ticade asad 465 
Denstaedtia,.  s-ieioiaieccne asinine dante 136 
TDOTAN Bal « i tore av lvescutee oe ot eaeecs Uaioe oe 597 
DeschampsSia, 22: 24 siuiaca ee sae v0 229 
Dew Berry, 
Dianthera, 
Dianthus, ........... 
Dichromena, 
Diervilla, 
Diodia, .. 
Dioscorea, .........ec+e0ee sued eng ul ohn 357 
“SDIOSPY.TOS;, 2 saiays sw vassndes SS evecadoraviens: cov sheds 634 
DAME, 22.64 9% peewee eso kehe on ae 237 
DifCas. °c <craentt Cle Rata teat te eee 574 
Distichlisy,.(s)2.405.3.¢ neateseneudreiaistice anand escalate 239 
DDIttan Vis. serccada rs ean sadvdnsey ee Seeaienaxesseetere 671 
Doch, Bitter, ............ cvuiaes ceeiats 419 
Mellow, cxsscensyettus co's Sects Pe eens 419 
Swarmips:> jsninsaesaessee st suetceoievere dyauene + 421 
Deck, SSeter, sieves 4s cise sewers 444 
MOdGEery: ses. c2% sheets ap eeew's x Peay +. 654 
Doellingeria,  <iscs66 i diaseis edad . 763 
Dog bame, s.0nns eke e eee romeaee 8488 


PAGE. 
Dog-toothed Violet, ...............4. 346 
Dogwood, ........ iithgierslaeaee selena wey 601 
Dondia, 432 
Draba, 462, 465 
Drops’): assess tin ewinsie aie dotie cya ee 223 
PPOSEL AS siding 2 vaniene ves acer d.a Sale cdtices 468 
Drymocallis, .......0.. cece eee laces 481 
1D 0) 0) 15 (ae 133 
Duckweed, 2.0... 0. ccc cece ce eee 318 
Ditichiviinys Air asistendnn tyne uses singe 256 
Dutchman’s Breeches, ........20....- 461 
Batoniay. sia aecadcdei shes a adoetnicastea 230 
GRIUM aaa 4 505p0-9 diduae de oun ae sis 658 
Brel Grass: iccaisciacnsvatscnesou yews aie dasan # 166 
Elatine, 
Elder, 
Box, 
WEAPON. bot V yt ia ge banka dbane 
PG TRE 6 ih oe ceded yuAlaaeu pone 
Wits: ads sae8 tala octane weit 
Eleocharis acicularis, ................ 
engelmanni, 
glancescens, 
interstincta, 
melanocarpa, 
OBEUSAS, co aiecdek undead Saletan 
OCEEabA, . nciieit- disnsaecw eral te 
Olivaceay, svicdursen ee avis 
palustris. jcc scan snakes 
quadrangulata, ............ 258 
robbinsii, ..............005 258 
rostellata, ........-.....0. 264 
tenuis). 12.0 otaudanntee xs 263 
TOTTEY AN Ay. 6 eve wee we 261 
tortilis, ........ amigas a8 te 263 
tricostata,: .ssavs<s tes ie 262 
tuberculosa, .............. 261 
Eleocharis, 
Fol ymiiss; 25 dates nsseccated eka ene ane 
MA nciiiaSs ws Visa sv ane ew Nee e Bad 
Epilobium, 
Equisetum, 
Eragrostis, 
Erechtites, 
Erianthus, 
Erigeron, 
Ee POCGGIUH, 24 xaaads edna no enke daacwes g28 
Briophortmy: fs\c45.e estore e kn 273 
Eryngium, 245s ee ee 594 
Eryilivontai, vis a own aw degen 4 eens 346 
Hupatoniai, esis Snadivee ctuctiees ‘ 732 
BOTOLOIGES, 45 0 ven xe 738 
album. sein tensenaees 734 
aromaticum, ............ 738 
coelestinum, ............ 738 
hyssopifolium, .......... 735 
leucolepis, .............. 734 
WaACWAtIhy 4c aekae vende s 933 
perfoliatiini, «ica sc sayss 737 


818 


PAGE, 
Eupatorium pubescens, .....-.--+.++++ 736 
PRYPETENM, sos evsiesen 733 
resinosum, ........... ++ 737 
rotundifolium, ........ «- 736 
sessilifolium, ....... eieeie 30. 
subvenosum, ..........+. 735 
verbenaefolium, ......... 735 
Eager ia, anne dv.cte seers pa eatios B27 
Pathatle, cacin.n phnomaeaeeean e0 biscetrts BST 
TSR ea tis sewed jae ie ein 767 
OVO TUS cesses toss snvisrs israranevover a sitanorencnet 542 
PagUS;, wauwheys neue etae eeuaneee Hes 402 
Fiallcataly. © scsseassiuustcenicisoncidcetyeak stiacenete as nara era 
Feather £010) -2ccciecsdeus assisted dinctetnanenascaeysin 630 
Fern, Broad Beech, ................. 136 
Chain: snvwisecestm wasn se 131 
Christinas, sca soak eouesew ener 133 
CinMamons. ricce-ieepesee eis Sh 124 
Tayo nits seAssceentscsniciane Getucundeucnwoitcaies 125 
Climbing: vesecousienncdeawsve 129 
Ebony, 
Grape, 
ANS biost eaikenyS Cedi OG Cadecctenadatoneanls 
Ostrich, 
Royal, 
Sensitive, 
Silvery, 
Sweet-scented, ................ 136 
SIMCEEH . ahasenstntrmarre Reta enun aad 396 
Hesttica;. ccseqnevss cies cewesee yen 243 
Fever w6rt,,. coteysnuiwc how ctewes 711 
Baa WONG, a tsacgensauiews S aketad wate 678 
Filix, 
Fimbristylis, ............ icaeiudbce sta a oyiess 265 
Hire: Weeds: saaisencsncnvsn vay ¥ 582 


Fire weed, White, 
Flag, Blue, 
Slender, .. 


MOL Bx oy asin ageiach isch Gausleruh egoeelioncroven dst ne 
TRIS OG. sevsvalicigovsedccehacweyncbetd iad dud oa 
WHEY  ssannus creed eee ey aw 
Yellow, 

Bleabanes: wee vsigeres wee ec-sthancisisocauene 

PIEADANE,. Marsh, secc:sieiecocain sveinsenoveincch acne 765 

WOstine Arh | spcscen sve iice awarncnntewiiie wvede 644 

Wrewertiie: Dat sesnnweianin-evaerewe oak IIs 

PI QUOt) se xaseeweceyer neuen Koes 341 

Fogsitiity. asx scan 2a ee etwas pecs 661 

Forget-me-not, 6.0... secsesecnevecees 659 

FOX 16V6, False, ..cciseestccusesurewarenes 684 

Postal Grass, cnscaoceaany sieses nae 213 

Boxtail;, Marsh, a :s<’taae we eceuvers svcioy 222 

PPAGATIA, “auren rosea auecenawli felinneks ers 

FR TARIMUSS: get Sac is8 esanianese-cstine 


Fringe Tree, 
Frog’s Bit, 
Frost weed, 
Fuirena, 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 
Galactiay scciacs Adaleiinsiosne epee Oe giz 
Galea risg iencncAicens hid Dinvetsdve cp seusseae Seats 364 
GalitisOmaly: saeweiviteya vars ayisieniince iteceoicnsilanbiner suitors 729 
Galitiiny. alecsenateron tierra madiaens yokes 704 
Garlic, Meadow, ...+-.-.eeeeseeeneee 345 
Gaultheria,. .cs.scrssme es earee woe 620 
CE RRTOR. sevn ie teins Am, 8 deen tare a cacniacte aes 585 
Gaylissaciay: saci ciosenendlovaaysvadveraravehiaievniece 623 
Gays Wings sy sides ay eactligiererayssaiatene tava Rasen a6 
CONAN, opescne vie eee weer ye deeE 640 
Gentian, Harse, <.ociscevseens eeesees 7II 
Gentiaria’s, ~ssicvess dctsssncecos astosysscneneaeacantepehes 640 
Geratiitains: sevadvlensocidsade dh nraxsusdnw exayeaccosncs 514 
Gerardiay: cuca vncnicmwanmeiaieacdeymaties 655 
Gerinandets, ssa maui ogame s 663 
GeURT, access eoewanen etcetera eaean lens 482 
Gill-over-the-ground, ..........--..+0- 662 
Ginger, “Wald, scccéccionape. srcsentcanaas eines 418 
Ginseng, Dwarf, .........2..0eceenee 590 
Glass wort, 
Glauxy saasieur ere eussesee eases or 
Glechoma, 
GOALS: ARIES.“ acasrcpsvacnyaveuenessusceuSs saepersans tates 498 
Golden: CUB. evasesinsuata esusrapsusydeonsbiseltovent 2x 317 
Goldenzenesti, iver cid cuspesecstsriric an sresingedtiones 355 
GOldenrodsy. <esscinjinnnre sateen a Miawainns 742 
Rayléss.. 2 sscesess vanesens 742 
Gooseberry, Wild, ............-.0000- 473 
Goosefoot, Narrow-leaved, ............ 428 
BOSC!S), -dyichayoouaterded Acnoseea 429 
RO, ni orewead a awuwlews 429 
Griaphialitimy, sees dessenia sr erewadvecnrdy spoutanies 767 
Grapes; eases usceace sine ieueotes 546 
POSS, cake Shi eeeeuk enand sds 372 
Grass-OF-Parnassts, 2. one cen enn we 470 
GrattOlaie. resect. dcyecenatenns Beesintnidis ha. ay motieanoas 679 
Greene Drie Fg. saieansrs-wemnaewes sigmaignewess 352 
Glaucous-leaved, ........ 353 
Laurel-leaved, .......... 353 
WALESRNIS seis iendaanessnccendinyauere 354 
Green: Drag, csyauesecesciordh ted icainmeseave 
Gromwell, Corn, 
False, 
Ground Cherry, 
RTEOUT NI Subd ada 5 o Bacmairion nn aacee 
TG, PR a oo avasac ns painsidoncaainws womracaancoard 
Groundsel Bush, 
A OE ca urctsicinauregiaie 
SWEEG: sinuslannie ne Voouvenete sun 
Gymnadeniopsis, 
GYMRODORON,. onc cneeunvwdnenaialn ae 
Gyrostachys, 
Gyrotheca, 
GiRSS, ALPOW, ped ebb kee wanena 
DBO Br Dy 5. csersidewe stock duseeiiowenantvananvasecuers 
Bent 2 edocsaxeens pis Seabees eee 
Diack, wunieneweys eure ss Vee bes 
Black: Oat) x52 sows @ eines 219 
BGS OVCO, costcscoe scrum ed exteaney 360 
Bilge Jom. soos cimnavesreurys 227 


INDEX. 


Bottle-brush, ............ sede SAG 
Cotton, 
Dropseed, 
Eel, 


Hedge-hog, 
Holy, 

Indian, 
Wa nina hie dos ai asgarcesavenal Sen aaa 
Marsh, 


INES. . ners te Sos Mcaicanes PShanenae eas 
Oats, -sisreseid:s saseenaoe ae sided Fanon 
PANIC... aneisesoeresiaannetese V parents wae 
Plume, 

Poverty, 
Rattlesnake, 

Reed Canary, 
Reed Meadow, 
Rice, 
Rough Hair, 
Rush, 
Salt Meadow, 
Salt Reed, 
Sand, 
Sand Reed, 
Spear, 400d aks ewe ae Lee ee 240 
Spike, 
Spreading Meadow, ........... 243 
Thin, 
Water Star, 
White, 
Watch... cvstereseiteanscazecpegie) canvieneoenend 195 
Wood Reed, 
Wool, 
Yellow-eyed, 


Hachberry, 
Hair-Grass, Long awned, 
Wauiawelis,. 29 eis spans ow cemeeeee peo 473 
Hardhack, 
Hawkweed, ......csece cect eee rer eens 772 
Hazel, Witch, 
Hazel-Nut, ... 
Heather, Beach, .......:.. es es eeeeees 560 

Pine Barren, 


Hedeoma, 
Hedge Nettle, 
Hedge-hog Grass, 
Helenium, .......--- 
Helianthemum, 
Helianthium, 
Helianthus, 

Heliopsis, .......eseseesevee 


PAGE. 

Hellebore, False, ..........00.0000ee 342 

Hielenias, cons nese By Sesaipsutec ent agent Searsalgs 340 

FEROS, a 6 eden scmacmon mb weonsorn O odaabeon 150 

Hemlock, Watery 2. scsescneuvsvuses 596 

Hemp). Tndiany: scssicoansnsev eda saeee 645 
Water, 


Hepatica, 
Heracleum, .. 
Herb, Robert, 
Hercules Club, 
Heteranthera, 
Heuchera 
Hibiscus, 
Hicoria, 
Hickory, Bitternut, 
Mocker-Nut, 
PISA. sda duteterese Sanianaanecceaucnanb a 
Shag-bark, 
Shell-bark, . 
Small-fruited, 
Hieracium, 
Hoarhound, Water, 
Holly, 
Holly, Mountain, 
Homalocenchrus, 
Honiwort, 
Honeysuckle, 
Hop Hornbeam, 
Hop Tree, Three-leaved, ............. 517 
Hornbeam, : 


Hop, 
Horse Gentian, 
FIOPse-Minit; aeessacaceeeen gene verse 668 
Horse Nettle, 
Horsetail, Field, 

Swamp, 
Horse-weed, 
HROttOni ay: ccmiie eaiens 2.4 Some aaaicton ve xe 630 
Hounds Tongue, ........-....-.-000- 658 
Houstonia, 


CIS OUIA, kioei ecirons @achunndon S xiacnea teactn Ne 


Hydrangea, 
Hydrocotyle, 
Hydrophyllum, 
Hypericum, 
Hypopitys, 
Hypoxis, 
Hyssop, Giant, 
Hedge, .. 
By strix, .ciemueraeens soeees tees 


Ilex, ... 
Tlicioides, 
Ilysanthes, 


Impatrivs, 

Indian Cucumber, ........ee eee eeeeee 350 
TGR “passes x Wate sravs cancion rite xian 645 
Phiysi¢; «02200 ates Sas eet 478 
Pipes. icawas sane ees Lee ls 611 
Piactalt, conse e cnend emecans 776 


820 
PAGE. 
Indian Tobacco, .......+++ a ialecortslatare . 715 
Indigo, Wild, ....-. sictend <eipaderaree woe Ree 496 
Takberry,, ac < cpceewe ees ete eee 
Tomactis, ga es kinase peas eae kad come 
Ipecac, Wild, 
Ipomoea, ...+-+-- ee eee 
TES. as bovec enced ee eee 
Tron weed, ...... cece eee e eee e eens 
Tron-wood, 1... see cee erect ee eeeee 
Tsanthus, 2... secs cee tere erence cere 
Isnardia, «1.2.2.0 ccc cere eter eeeerce 
“Tsoetes, 22... cece cece cece ence eens 
Tsotria, .Fsscneses 
Ttea, cece cece ences ener rnenereees 
Iva, 
Ivy, Ground, 
Poison, 
Jaeeh’s Ladder, 2. assscaaeioerte ee . 657 
Jack-in-the-Pulpit, ....--...-eeeeeees - 314 
Dewars, cove coseicacs ssoca 314 
Jewel-week, ....... ge dake nieeine £26 » 545 
Jimison Weed, c.scseecdeee ey eeere ewe 674 
Joe-pye Weed, ....-..sseeeeeeneees « 733 
Some weed, cos ccrndsevese SE RENTS 427 
Judas, ...... ie 
Fitelangss. ¢ eseriesncisventtye de eeiinaits soneriace 397 
JUMROIUES, neh say bes deen pena seems © 336 
Juncus, 
Juniper, .......-. oidiateld: 5 okaauane ce eeites TES 
FoMipers, een bee Og 5 ORES 153 
Kalmy Peters. vale oc sicweuace Soiveni en taunts 616 
WR lard sre x 2 evsdsnsora be ehcen a 8 averse hate 616 
Kinnikinnick, .....-. ce eeee ee eeee «+. 602 
Knawel;. saat: cians ts ngeea soreness sae 437 
Krieiffiay jcvnck a een wate halen & 584 
FRMOt@rass;. 0200 diavsuanecoed ecveieyece eocaiard @ 8 424 
Knotweed, ......0. cece eeeeeeeeres pee 424 
MOeNiay. a cyusysWussosws poe Reve eS 669 
Kosteletzkya, 1.0... ccc e eee e reece eee 349 
Rahniay. gos wars stad sane eae ws 739 
Dacinaria,, — isaac scncin Suan ged cae e 740 
Taetied, ss viens sd cided ab eeaeday owen 720 
Ladies” “Presses. accutane nsckd es eons 373 
Latnittim, —Saace vedcas ig genase nares gS pees 662 
DLappula;:. scvsadore tides au agence sais 658 
Dathyruisy~ -2c-caieen ett ce eae ces 510 
Matar Oligo sseaysce ai scans go saacerite “are weeueebid ce wee. 616 
Sheep, ane taint faster OLO 
Lavender) ‘Seay: cits aciwias acini wie 633 
Leahy Wild; ssciece ese co sarees es ens 344 
Leéatherleat;. seus oe cemnes cance ays Rd 619 
Reatherwood,.-scsaire vagal oes « 574 
PO NOR., « seiscats dered Ee Ahaha Rin eee 6 562 
Bemna, | nce tdaada sd gates aacmicees wee 318 
Teonurus). 6 acc escise Soe es aoe ocr? . 662 
MApiditimy sede Gai e Seen eee seks 462 
Leptamninim ceed s22 sana fakes beg ee 695 
Tye ptand tay» wise rsideivahd cabeiedse GcaihsesNebrb tna 683 


INDEX. 


PAGE, 

LAptiletty 6444 xnwa es 8 eae Te ER ERES ES 763 
Leptorchis, .....-..++--+ ek: wreneeemnge eS 377 
Lespedeza, ......0cce erence cteeaerence 505 
Lespedeza angustifolia, ......... ; 509 
@apitata, «22s oer ‘ 509 
frutescens, .....-..00-eeee 508 

Witla, ccs vadeade Sieeeee Ee 508 

nuttallii, 6... cece eee eee 507 
oblongifolia, ...........0e- 509 
procumbens, .........-+--- 506 

TEPENS, eee eee rescence 506 

Striata, scncseres is ta eb 506 

StUMCI. watend ccna eee eee 507 

violacea, .........-+. pawierers 507 

virginica, ....... sce avs ave 508 

Tetiwee, els che cuds 4 ei eae oe ees 720 
Leucothoe,. .acscind seston CaS FES 617 
Lilmopsis, .. 0. cc ccc cece eee e ener enes 598 
TAM. eraneveuwia ae sasscaleaa eee ne sacks « 345 
Lily, Canada, .....cececeeee eee neees 346 
REG, cists a ape tiers m5 = ened e eeader 345 
Turk’s cap, fea RRA wera 346 
Water, anc c didi S ER SAS 445 
Vellow, ..cccceee cer cecaererne 346 
Lily-of-the-Valley, False, ..........-+ 349 
Limnanthemum, ............20.+e005 644 
Limnobium).- snake 2 ieee Sodio soe 173 
Limodorum, .......ece eee renee eens 372 
TEUMOMIUMDY). 2.cseeeive.e Gabber cclsunger doe Sie 633 
Timosellas. i 2s aicscce ov swatetee aacsyereiee tau 681 
inartiak ag sede oad eaeeere Seen aes 677 
Wind en. 55 sistas bse aaa Sale Lo 548 
DANUM,. “ood 6a eae be eee e eS 517 
Loc nanan eee ee na es enc eer ee 661 
TAgiiidambars .2acwiscc: secs cintans donee wee 474 
Liquorice, Wild, ......-...2eeeee eee 705 
Liriodendron, .......... cece ee ee eee 448 
WASter al. «5, dcrate dh ottawa 6 sre eR ROSE 375 
Lithospermum, ......-.e eee see eee 658 
LiverWork, schx ue vaewa wn eave eens 453 
Wizard's: Pail. sates nx setae eos 390 
Lobelia; <¢ suves ac eamiieet tegraoe ne eee 715 
MPOCU Sty, «ai bskneee Peckna at we tea eR 495 
Clamimiyy,  fataeicoed tcinecacsdeeestagvane 495 
Lonicera, ...-....... Jive tht dh eels astena, 8 thud 712 
Loose strife, isc. secu s 6 visas « +574, 631 
Bophiola,- oscars ted Asian dalateelats ean . 355 
Lophotocarpus, 2..sis40c0% jse08 bees 169 
Lotus, American, ..............006- - 446 
TOUSE WORE: --<cicyiitiedin Miosiadns sm akevhinhed aaa 687 
Ludvigiay. iv scarves Paden eas aa'¥ 580 
Ladwigianthay, ssae4 goad ashes ad tees ea 579 
Lupine:. “Wild, nasees coke wean sees 497 
TEUDINUS 9 . secsiansdteectea ta a ade eetodd oa aessoone 2% 497 
Lycopodium, ......-... cece eeeeeeee + 140 
LY COpsis; sis vse teccisieees Se anviogs catgededa s 658 
Lycopus, ....... sft Sea EINER * 672 
Eygodiumi: ws 2 sckestst is ¢ eae hea 129 
Bysimachiay- siess eicune eke skins. tokaheus 631 


LPI Sin HARPS ARRAY RO eee weoene eo oe 


INDEX. 821 


PAGE. 
Magnolia, Swamp, ........ ines 446 
Maidenhair, ...........00.........., 130 
Mallow, 
Malus, 
Malva, 
Maple, 
Marigold, Bur, 
Marsh cox oe ceusaxedaes 3 450 
Maritime Flora, ....c.i005 95, 228, 233, 430 
Martadale, DT. @iy ws xuviseus ewes euy 370 
Matteucia, ..... : 
May Apple, 
Meadow Beauty, .................... 576 
Meadow Sweet, ...................., 477 
Medeola, 
Medicago, 
Meibomia bracteosa, ................ 502 
canadensis, ............... 504 
CATIESCENS,: cielo dos ewtin ae ed od 502 
dillenity.« 2cccuseed ps eiseeien ed 503 
grandiflora, .............4. 500 
Vevigatas sind s:¢ Sanne 96 ddd 503 
marilandica, .............. 505 
michauxii, ......... aaeaaead 501 
NUdiAOra,. aided eset. woaes 500 
ObtuSa;. sneiawwv Series vaca 505 
Paniculatay io vues hed ek 502 
paucifloray. 6 cds scious & 501 
TIBIA, -c-dgayedds gusucnayacs, da aneased 504 
sessilifolia, .............4. 501 
Strictay. kas Sees ov itekie gor 
Witidiflora; 22. 4 ea s ¢ 503 
Melampyrum, 1... cece eee eee eee 689 
Melanthium, 
Melilotus;... sc:otcwicadd ealietad-oe 
Melilot, Yellow, .......... cece eee eee 495 
WHItE,. «2c% stage meee dy 495 
Menispermum, ....... 00.00 e eee eens 459 
Menth ay ca cesivcca cies od: ditetunse ins peepee eee 673 
Metiyanthes;. aise ss iaitiew waists es 644 
Mercury, Three-seeded, ............. 526 
Mermaid-weed, .....-...:0ee eee eenee 586 
MeertensSiay: ei.6 205 antieeed dna edad 658 
Mesadenity asda 44+ ciswius cv vusass oko 776 
Mieraipelis, «52. veopsas seers ee 713 
Micranthemum, ...........0--eeeeeee 681 
Middie Distict. 2c440s2careredewents 
80, 214, 447, 453, 497; 550, 601, 730 
Milkweed, sa vseiahioesaaehes vey eases 647 
Mailworl, aaciaaakis oohened $Y saa 520 
Sealy avi au ahieiies 2 tere it 633 
Milfoil; sexes ios n toners ee 4 587 
Millet “Grass, Parsh’s, 2:4. <sscusp4ss 188 
Mimulus,  icscotss ees saacred os See eA 679 
Mints. aches scan ailonas saat inniee Guia ad 674 
MGuititaltiiyn a0. < esreitincen acolo 669 
Mist: Flower; gcs2 eugene ¢ os sate oes 738 
Mistletoe), catcuccecansel hae signs ees: bas 416 
Mitchellai: sAcpae ccs salin de ae tance nea 703 


PAGE. 
Mitellay— sojaiSsscccee ancery av aegis SMa 472 
Moccasin Flower, ..............00.. 363 
Moehringiay: sists caiconde sian esses aces 441 
Molltigg), sc: vs guts aaiareved bdiavou ease 434 
Monarday: sie 5. 5 'scesdiece.f shseve oe aetncen os sees 668 
Monkey-flower, ..........00.ccee cues 679 
Monotropay: swiss dst eenisidgon epeciecy wiees 611 
Mooniseed,. sieve csciativiin? gases a SaPHey covets 459 
Morning Glory, ............ccceseaee 652 
Mts). cseieccie es caida 2 VK RE Mpsbnkennn aes 414 
Moss, Club, see Club-moss, .......... 
WSS: PUM eo eden a panda tein dae eee 657 
Mother-wort, ccass-ce0nscvscuevvnwas 662 
Mountain Mint, ................0008 669 
Mouseteaty, «os sists oo tedaners whee secnda 766 
Mud Plantain, ..................000. 327 
DEW WOT, 5's ann ek Syihaa veh ea cake a 681 
Muhlenbergia, .........0.ceescc seus 220 
Mulbetry; Red, . 2 cco ose cde cunves es 414 
wlustard, Black, ................-00 462 
TIGOGG) co wewany das x hhas oe 462 
Tower), i dnaie sre tena gtd 44 463 
Myosotis,. | ss2cias 3 scdeyee Sige 22 dena sa 659 
MiyBiCay,. 202 wae by vaste aeseegeieek apace vere 395 
Myriophyllm, ss ics4ciucvae sachin on 587 
Myrtle. Settd, is wciga d nwnd ovamae cone 615 
WARK, bcinicis wa inaties sieatece 6 oe! 396 
Nabalus,. swe ny while ws aeeai seas x tae 723 
INajas). ace lefsyiue Siena seas d YANG da! 165 
INGlumbos nk a's ered. toaieekce ebisies wonaee 446 
ING DECA,. ---siukinach ie: esseicuee dapsaveave Mahia s abe 662 
Hedge). ivensterw sirewie viayatee 5 sigcts 667 
Horses. oe ineies exces ee an Soe 675 
DIRHOEE, sau 2 eens y ee Matex 415 
See. a 8s Sosa Rea 414 
Wo). sesicsed 4 Hetcape s andere cae 415 
New Jersey Tea, ..............0000: 546 
Nightshade)... csseeiee cctestss pects ad egabee 674 
Eicharter’s, 2. casas v anne 585 
Wigile Wilk 4 sad ee vo tees Berns 
Ninie bar keys aes: ssyadeciis-crasecesused tare Aa ondte 
Nonesuch. acssiae d casi ene ex eee 
Nut Rush, ........ 
Nuttall, Thomas, 
NV IN DRE), ciel ssdsteees wigs sajicieterd vaeeeeacere ees 


Nyssa, 


Basket, 
Black, 
Black Jack, .. 
Britton’s, 
Chestnut, 
Pin, 


Red, 
Rock Chestnut, .. ; 
Rudkin’s, 


822 
PAGE. 
Oak; ‘Scarlets. as qcsee vagavecia eivosyere arene 405 
Scfuby .cexen ekacu 407 
Scrub Chestnut, 


Spanish, 
Swamp Post, 
Swamp White, 
White, 
Willow, 
Oat: Grass}, rece exaone ¢ eee Deka ee 85 
ODOLATIS, , is 358058 Biepeleoe tier aisleaese dumsecia ey des 
Oenothera, 
Oldenlandia 
Onoclea, 
Onosmodium, 
Ophioglossum, 
Opulaster, 
Opuntia, 
Orache, Halberd-leaved, ............. 
Sea Beach, ....--...00..0000 
Orange Grass) fcc..<.aeuloo a yenne soars 
Orchis, Crane-fly, .............00000. 
Orchis, Crested Yellow, ............. 
Fringeless Purple, ........... 
Green Fringed, 
Green Wood, ......... 
Large Purple Fringed, . 
Pale-green, 
Ragged, 
Showy, 
Small Purple Fringed, ...... 369 
SNOW cetaccetsecanceenes ees : 
Southern Yellow, 
White Fringed, 
Yellow Fringed, . 


Orontivim, asa ssnene xen 
NRG, 5.56 Wiosisg ES ince kd elon Doe De 
Ostrya, 
Oxalis, ... 
Ox-eye, 
Oxycoccus, 
Oxygraphis, ......... 
ORY PONS) ayers xh Bees Baia Spesagearcn tnbaloee ockgehtovs, 
Painted! (CUP enset aiceuinareainaetonaiaign > 687 
Rani aac) xia demaynicerainnamisiank secs peter ois ieee 590 
Panicum. -.ccsvnsez sheseiagsuuerewuen: 189 
Panicum aciculare, .................. 199 
ACIS ALUM, 325: dscnecacsvonsurayine 210 
addisoni, 
agrostoides, 
AMAGUMs. cons cagesmte 
anceps, 
angustifolium, 
ASHEN. sskdersasvecnecd a 
barbulatum, ........ 
PESO, « ssa sina eceatep ne es ata lete Ge 4% 
cerulescens, 
CAplare sy, | ses cps cacd s.gcossucseed dead 
ClameestiMy, cou cncacevacce 211 
clutei, ..... crcinsieseiaanittentt dati 191 


INDEX. 


Panicum columbianum, 
commonsianum, 
commutatum, 
condensum, 
CUDENSES. «5: siargsnns ceows ersareaueits ese 
cryptanthum, 
depauperatum, 
dichotomum, 
dichotomiflorum, 
ensifolium, 
hemitomon, 
huachuce, 
lanuginosum, 
latifolium, 
leucothrix, 
lindheimeri, 
linearifolium, 
lucidum, 
mattamuskeetense, 
meridionale, 
microcarpon, 
oligosanthes, 
ORICO] Aig. 6.secciiere tae quae eneeder cate 
philadelphicum, 
polyanthes, 
pseudopubescens, 
scabriusculum, 
scoparium, ......... 
‘scribnerianum, 
spHerocarpon, .............+ 
spretum, 
stipitatum, 
tennesseense, ...........-.04 
thinium, 
tsugetorum, 
verrucosum, 
villosissimum, 
virgatum, 
wrightianum, 

Panicularia, 

Pansy. Fields, sacest c/s soatiave s yhetedies 

Papaver, 

PAGAN 885 44 Gh Ad a eater ae barmeurd douue 

Parietaria, 

Parkers {Cs es i cuomvemnis trite hi gots 

Parnassia, 

Parsnip, 


Purple Meadow, 
Water, 
Parsons, vesvycecsne eas Behe 
Pattridge Betty; cocc0dscaucciwcevens 
PaSyelm, a5 ae ae omd ae dcaccwanw wy dkatgin's 


Spurred Butterfly, 


Pea MU, WALE, issnavs.ch senda ssriacqnneea nes 
Peach, . 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 
Pearl-wort, ..... See ANNs Sa es + 439 
Pedicularis, .............5. ne ahead a ars 687 
‘PellitOny : 22.02 sgisess cs stein eee as 416 
Peltatidra, 2. ic sicisa oes Goat aasemgnececn 315 
Pencil-flower, .......0ceeceeeeeeneees 499 
Pennyroyal): sev sciinwiows cateanoae veaiey 668 
Hae, ey esdees er eauwess 664 
Pennywort, <2 secs edssaees ees + +592, 643 
Penstemon, ........... 0 cece eee eens 678 
Penthomuimi,: 2 sccpivne ae stvtlgioniein bleeds 470 
Pepperbush, Sweet, 608 
Pepper-grasS, ... cc ccsee ere cceenncee 465 
Pépper-root}, e168 MeSes wees BR SG 465 
Peramiumy? 22025 sates dere and ie 376 
Persimmony: i.:6 sssccsceneee sees dere wea 634 
Perulariay gi coo idaiige dg satin hacia 364 
Phalaris; .a¢..¢ 2 yee oe eaten e) cee 216 
PHaSCONIS): disso 6 3 coiseseeess dre ead es caves 513 
Phegopteris,. s.6:2 6. i4000 Gaacacte aioe 136 
Philotriay:..|iessss-:9 eS ecaweea eapeevarsieres Shoko, 173 
PROX stipe sey eehGles oe eaiels ee vores 656 
Phoradendron,,  s2sase0ces00aedt ees 416 
Phragmites). .¢-isdcc 00 q.0ssisiedin 6 HSgev 235 
Phrymay. ioc Ses oes 3 Gtehhinsd 2p eect 697 
WPRYSRHS | cau cen ees es nS eeS ke ee 675 
Phytolaceay a.cou veutise ond pgs ean 434 
Pickerel Weed, .,....---.000000eeees 326 
Pickering, (Chas:,. ice 6 csisieia 68 snrscdies, 653 
Pieris tivnijacvicd 3 Secdinas ah teaver a asta 618 
PU TVA. ress eye lta) icoels- pe ootlued MeN eoere Sereda 398 
PigwGey chee iu videeese se pegs sooo 
Pimpernel, False, 
Water, 
Pine, Ground, see Ground Plum, ..... 
Jersey, 
Old-field, 
7 Piteh; ic cg scien pee aie 
Pond, ........ 
Short-leaveu, 
White, 
Yellow, 


Pine Barrens, 
61, 125, 148, 151, 356, 520, 530, 620, 731 


Pine: Sap;. ois gc x cesueeen e wae seee angie nen 611 
Pinweed, ovcse s sesnese ee adeus aes oes 562 
Pink, Deptford, ..........-.0eee sees 435 
Mossy <tc cc:e: Suscosead'id evissncisaepniase eagles 657 
BERS pi er a caanred Poh AOL A ett 636 
Pinus; sae seas Bieta 146 
Pigewort, aise es bases 44 ees ek eee 324 
Pingistew,. 4p iousinages qaecew ia caper 610 
Pitcher Plant; i casos wes teens 4 cece 467 
Plantago, .. 6-6. eee sence cere n eens 698 
Plantar, ccc s4.cu 4s 4 ee eee 698 
Tndian;. cicsG0sse tee 3 eee 776 
DMA a pciies a ah cones Oo sagen 327 
Rattlesnake, ....... Feces ssinese 376 
Robbin’s;. sss 08 cagewse eee 762 

Water, see Water Plantain, . 
PIMGHAS, peewee eines Gn ee eee teas 474 


823 

PAGE. 

PUGH Eas ate cose asuag ea-ceaane ater es 765 
Phun (Beach) 0 2 asineicv xosene eee is 491 
Chickasaw), asa sasacaavicas ica 491 

Wilds: aiig-e vend ace! RASS eis © Sus, 491 

PO ag taissed ehelalslare Weare @adecisisrarkcomtias feces 239 

POOR Ry May 5 anda fou alee ad edo eowa 459 

Powotiig, ROsG, ob cyncavnassanenved os 370 

Spreading, ................ 370 

Whotled,. wae scece casey <x 371 

AGRE GRY eG a ahah ss Sab VR eae os 538 
RGN es oo ate dey ed ood oe aie bie 538 

Bae. us cesar Gee ache aad ox 536 

POKES) hiss saescie te. 5. spanecavestvohtlavepeeicc eae? 434 

POlamisiay oicslsed tteradedes-WeiwsSare ls Meee as 466 

Polemoniuimy. secs estenis oti aetson's atots ee 657 

Polycodiumy. | diese os sins s-) ios 2 eee os 624 

Polygala, 

Polygala ambigua, ................... 522 
Drevifolia, sc.ca sda ¢ 521 
cruciata, 
incarnata, 
lut€ay - arcasaen ye eos eS 
mariana, 
nuttallii, 
paucifolia, ..............00. 525, 
polygama, .............0005 524 
SOME Ray ass seater uinaie a RAE & 524 
Verticillatay. ids. week eee 522 
viridescens, .............40. 523 

Polygonum arifolium, ............... 426 

atlaniticum), .jusdossesa 4 See 425 
aviculare, iis viens xs dain » 424 
Carey, seeders Meee So eaees 422 
convolvulus, ..........4.. 420 
Eciliatum,, sks scsi ho eee 423 
emersum, 

erectum, 

hydropiper, .............. 421 
hydropiperoides, ......... 422 
lapathifolium, ............ 419. 
maritimum, .......-..+-0- 242 
opelousanum, ............ 422 
pennsylvanicum, ......... 422 
Persicaria;: «.c.0% be vee snes 419 
prolificum, .............. 425 
punctatum, ..........-.05 423 
robustius, .............-. 423. 
Sagittatum, ......-.-..05- 426 
scandens, .........-..40. 426 
setaceum, ......--.-eeeee 424. 
POPE hacen acta msg awoenare wee 425 
virginianum, ............ 424 

Polygonatum,, scc.A2 suas ssi scat 349° 

Polygonella, 2.0.02. ccc cue e eee eee 427° 

Polygonum, ........ ss cece eee 421 

Polypedinay sa aciws < one aw edewnn eee 129: 

Polypodys | aceee huis w cheesey thee gee 129 

Polystichum).” <sosaed3 63 Sone 4 sees ots 133 

Pondweed).< ces. o.Xistte: ina tieneedit G9 Gace bse 162 

POrnitedetialy sic <ciseagee bas Aved snes Be 326 


824 


Poplar ‘Swaiip,, avsnc« caster esveadeane nye 391 
Silver, «+ ssa eee ee 390 
Tulip, .otseneet keen sees 448 
POPUlUSs, - pudiesecnct-seiteriuasaececond gs Sipe AS 391 
Porteranthus; 6 ecoicc cv siassineut a cease ed ois 478 
Portulaca, 21.0... ccc ee eee e sere ener 
Potamogeton, 
Potamogeton americanus, 
amplifolius, 
confervoides, .........- 163 
dimorphus ......-+-.++. 164 
diversifolius ......---.-- 164 
epihydrus, ...........-. 162 
oakesianus ........--.-- 162 
pectinatus ......--.+-.-- 164 
perfoliatus .....--.++..- 163 
PUICHER seaigcows Bera wsiere 162 
pusillus: .sayeesasees toe 164 
Potato, Wild .....2.c eee e rece ee eeee 
POteHtLAa: seco ee savarevsre wesecnscirerns tuousrerare: seanes 
Poverty GrasS ...-..eee cece eee eeeee 
Prickly (Pear osades ssa4cs sages 
PrIMTOS? .oss:ssscciererere easiest 
Proserpinaca .. esses cceceeeeeer tenes 
Piniella ise we rgaes Genesco v scarenare se ates 
Pranus: wess ceases ances eevee wom 
Seder ay is.0: sistenniee, ieee es CR CS 
PSI OCALY Ay oc i cctioeieie, sxceovanace, otsceneseae VSR 
PEELED: segiigie sundanans vais Tewicecopich MuAGaiyade erecdensc 
Pteridiit + a.ndeee wegen en vannaeee oraieesers 
PEETIS). seis ieee Yared Pa ow seas 
Ptilimniudim: isi. 3 Pease Bae ete ee 
Puecinelliay x sree tteee ct eestor a weneds 
Pursh, Fred’k, 
Piitslane: ws vssnesvauwiw eee eens 
Marsh 
Sear. acccnd siincninaS ateacnaniar suit 
PREY ETOOB) esiscsiicna ees vreiibderevd is otbriansitese irate bese 
PyTOla: site cage Hae are eres 
Pyxidanthéra; gece esscs cane 2 oan es 
Py Rie! agusisccusatsnapcincrtte eee se heed 
QuakerDady: asd weaveseyeiaaccsmeacs uaiaisyeuove 
DWERCUS! 6-5 senior g eerwieren Bist 
alba, 
bicolor 
BrittOnt, soicss doc accesso wen sans ee 412 
COCCIIE AS. sasecsrecssareteneros-wesssResae 405 
heterophylla .............- 4IL 
MicifOlia, grsicvcowee peseaey- 407 
Ty tratars » ccsascisisscisuscareuese se scenauensces 3 409 
marilandica ......-...+.-.- 407 
michauxii ...... pete e tees 410 
PAlUSEHIS;. Dads sawed candd cet 405 
phellos ...... tigate ahapspsAite sch 408 
POINUS . drsscceretarivee wanes 410 
Prinoidés 24 enews ears oe 410 
TUubra. <4-44 socees woaeay os 404 
MUGIIT ge vesay asiaseaasestaincnapesisy wd 4Ir 
Stellatay sun sevteonre aviterge-aom 409 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 
Quercus triloba, .........:e seer ee eee 4cé6 
WElUtIMay, ci svdado de cevetosecre SOY 405 
QU WEG: eerernsiisnies (rin Sespaisesecdied ts cacceiee 144 
RadiGula,  ssiasas erin egisens . 463 
Rafintesque, (C. Ss) eceacvicawes cree 573 
Reeweel nese sc xrnda cantatas ds eRe 725 
FRAMMUCUIUS: sas cccvecdicespie weueteteup ace Suntenennae 450 
Raspberry Black cap ....----+-seeeeee 478 
Rattle box: sx wscwes seeee es cas 497 
Rattlésnake master, .......-+22++00e- 594 
; Plantain, ..........-.06- 376 
ROG? ayravies hgetarnsns-sdemeaiene 723 
Wiced) nachvence ies ear 722 
ROEGBUG) aciisid a dasrteeces oe Bests SABRES 493 
FRICA TOOTS |. sysnniesccsunicesteed si nihaliuasers sesuabag tees 354 
FREG-=1Op:  cciti oe vidierdeiteravergion'vans are hntencaiatene 225 
Tall, we viose eves cae 236 
Redield,. To Wy. cccan conned xSQ 5a es 30 
REGO. “chivenieuiitesel chaos ndrit OGWaioesuiane’ actianensessssstg 235 
Bur see Bur-reed. 
Sea: Satid: casein avenge y vices 228 
Pine Barren). x4 sscssees vesacuns + 228 
SALE: csjecy's dccscpesbi cd casas PIES 233 
Reed grass, ........seeeeeeeee 227 
RRHAMITUS 400 seminarians eee a 546 
RHEXa: cas dasews « nee ras Hoagie er Re 576 
Rhododendron, cs: s seuenecteaeace tes 614 
MRS) ssrcuzisd: sjocdicntakse, di disneeuave D beepeeehae sols 536 
FRAUD ESS aasederais ‘exaveninceye adv iieceatiev tao seis ovaries Sea 473 
Ribwort, ..... gegen 3 ake a- taste ea 698 
Rice, Wald. saaeuss eneaes omnes ie 76 aes 214 
Rice Cut-grass, ......-.0.. eee eee eaee 216 
ROD Mi abys, «AySe5 2: soa dba 8 dda enopsnaviovs seasons A Soe 475 
Rocket, Sea ........... Gt siatataignares aera 463 
ROSa: - sgt isie uae achuere yng io ee ake heey 485 
ROSE: GIOSSY? eai.n scensessdhnrepscoidvdhanese G8 teahe » 485 
TOW. © caianesiauiok a) Cicshecvaaceseahuavaxloon 9 phat 485 
Swamp: cern siaoatsas seareriaucrrernentes 485 
SWeetbrier 2 canwies vecauwae weet 476 
RGGAla es swe e popes Re eee Aed ee 574 
Rudbeckia: sang dt coavenesatlavtveena edu 769 
Rite; Goats, a sansa sscrcenrona deedanasaet anata 498 
Meadow: 2 ee snesies cemens 2 nek 458 
Ruellias 2 cseee oy eee athe tied oad 696 
TRUM ORS id sieaecestsowcitierlsqesttrd ahictannde SavenencedO 421 
IRUpPPIas x cserici sn i enero Valeniean a weg 165 
Rush Awl-leaved, ...............005: 332 
Bayonet ee Be chy eer BY Ssauieos 333 
REC ese op dees vse iatdnntind dens 277 
Bristhy® srs casted ew wieewhigunns tapes 332 
Bull oeacccaue sescseaes arses 269 
CRUIOA. ea vacaedn bo Veena wom 335 
Chatrzmaker’s. jesasice. 0 Gssessiecsie se ponsncsin 269 
Clubs, encsaie e Rauoreay oatuaee oe wine 267 
COMMON svases 47 does nares 329 
MORN i aestiuiyS.0s 3) Semendenyecaser bah es 331 
Grassdléayed) veisincccanneme apreave 332 
SVECRES scien preys paeee 33r 


IGEN ed): ais caers octane a wena 276 


INDEX. 


Rush Jointed .........0............, 
New Jersey 


SING 25255 fedapcund hw isterem a 
Proliferous 
Scirpus-like, 
COUPE. dy Soccciiace scons 4 138 
Sharp-fruited ................, 336 
Sharp-fronted ................. 336 
lender: -wangsa ss aestshed ydhanvns. hccs 331 
SDIKE,. Spe o's achice seca ae 258 
OGG sc ante &, cose rvaaltvaneer avatar a keke 330 
WOO: ekivanteecatccuenisgne heealopeon weet oc 330 
DWAR? costoureey sesaenne tel gco licens 282 
Weal jince ny wis hs area eeamencoieed 336 
WOE. sicassssaynenonsntconnemeascoaserd tes 336 
PRESS. oda ea x Ke tee vane ees 222 
Ry.e5¢ Wade. seasesosain aerator et peeeeatoy dross ~ 245 
Rynchospora -............ cc cece eee 275 
Rynchospora alba ................. + 277 
Mea. sieve yen ene nase 280 
CYMOSE: «veered teks 281 
GLO A. os isieyvisssstiptsacovencse 279 
PUGCR ca wainth dans kenleey 280 
@lOMerste. caaugn seizes a 279 
gracilienta, ............ 277 
Inundata: sai... eee s 276 
knieskernii, ........... 278 
Jeplorarpe donc gsa pay 279 
macrostachya, ......... 276 
microcéphala .....+.545 280 
Oligantha ............. 277 
PAlNday posix sc anconrey sve 278 
PATINOTE, ceqcexassyeeke 281 
SMALE, eis, eis -sevaia gt cea 279 
HORKEVANAL. <2 cueitéinseriorises satis 281 
Sabatias.’ secvsricnca satenaiaves 1 Sten y pits 638 
Sages. suedheuns Nuceenahe Memes wracerens 667 
Serie cae ascaawecuins ene es ‘i 439 
SABIE CATIA). wx au ieithuaddsvede sd axtvedeatieinontbsencedsvad 169 
SaliGopnia: aw wnysievorseees sg eseoan aes Manat 430 
Salix: acecae sii’ 5 v3 eae ces 392 
ATOM, uso a merioudeon se aka Rian w cee 349 
BO Sha. «sce a eee ates ic taro Se som 433 
SalEWOF Es ee ysl deouee Vy. c eeu iat tee aes 433 
AV wake taanead Podmeun deedmwisens (667 
Sambucus), 2.0.sutscgaioncr oa guamvecuengadoaioes 708 
Samolus ....g 0. ee ee eee eee eee eee 631 
Sand! Bur savesesvererdarconaeeh te 214 
Sand: Myrtle: soi. cictauecsisnasttieiaeced. sian 615 
Sand. ‘Reed,. ‘Sea. 2 vcicessctangares oo . 228 
Sand Spurry 
Salt Marsh 
Sandwort, Blunt-leaved ............. 441 
Pine Barren.............. 440 
Salt: Marsh, 2..s:ecscacederséeiaie 442 
Sea Beach ...........4.. 441 
Thyme-leaved, ........... 437 
Sanguinaria, 
Sanguisorba, 


‘Sanicle 


825 

PAGE. 

Sanicle, White, .................0... 738 
Sanicula: caiwacis sees s esiceweaveeune 593 
SAPPONrIa,. wae schist doc samastoweteiiace eos 436 
SaPOtlra. ec cwwe www Ee ere eee 557 
Sarracenia: crccineee 2 caval Miscemgaeaeepah 467 
Sarsaparilla, Bristly ................. 590 
WG: isd is recent ceateastcet alates 589 

SaSsaFasy sacs cswccedssanianerenscinveny ewe 459 
SAUrUTUS: - dvisn ccnnencas auskvonvs wexraeeteet cs ance 390 
Savastana. oc veemwd beanie veered audonna 216 
SaiPra gal ese. 5 8s. 4:ersincagacesaneldintane chsoscnvinee 471 
Saxifrage, Early, ................... 471 
POE amermmlamnten each e 472 

SWAMP caccinn etene sega s 471 

St. Andrews Cross ....... Asia sade cele bps 552 
Bt: FORMS WOR, cncec-ma seehas came vx 553 
PE. wanes species 557 

Si. Peters: Wort ssccu oaks ae vewees cae 552 
Scheuchzeriay 245 seven seers aunted ice 167 
Schizaea,  <ciesans PE Wiaisnagh:Coanshaeound 125 
PCT AIOE: a yea wry a0 ah UR EERE Labtec cena 687 
Scitpiss seice cies 2 ates oh Siend8.4 csiavensieonane 266 
Scirpus americanus, ................. 269 
AtNOVITENS:! A. aaancny eae ye wag 271 
CYPETINUS, sa gveaneasa ween cee 272 

GebiiS;. payee were 2 hats 59) yan 268 
eriophorum ...............05 273 
AUVAAEIS), | s/occcciaenacssaravencaoon sens 271 
georgianus .............000. 271 
Win@atuS, sexe sesew esas cade 272 

NOW GH:- ccctsray iene ait ar acepasereckwltaa 272 

DAMS); < Kcinsarenereinicie steeraciaieds 267 

OME YA | forced concseraptnnne avec nna anys 269 
paludosus «sasec es snes cucs as 271 
Planifolius: ¥ sii ae tees 268 
TODUSEUS) cea siceccs eehdeudne: decent 270 

SEEOBUS® © 2secbuteisions teewenetn Gaeters 269 

SMithit® jo sacs vegies segnany 4 269 
subterminalis ............... 268 

HO ETO YL i555) esses o ienaniiesd ekdaevtes’ « 270 

AGS: a: A atone aleaiotins aslo % 270 
Scleranthus- sssceais varias ae-anengeeos ¢ 437 
Scletiay 2 guess vena steers weer ee 282 
BOLERO, sc kcchd dover radenstaas ee 731 
Scorpian. (Grass) oie dene esiagces dni eceine ee 659 
Scouring’ (Rush, scsi vecuacisesew ve 138 
Serophularia, sins cnerws os peer eueeus 678 
Bee Ya cnad Low ains aaaead saunas 665 
Sctrtellariays. ccciiice s-shcivusecie.d-sucvastie sioreyajeee tse 664 
Sea Blight tics tues scare) dened 432 
Séa Lavender oy osduds eadeiia ode ee ee + 633 
Sear Bimle ceconiaustysed asl pine Mobamenve avec 639 
Sea. Purslane: 24 seca seca vane ve 435 
Sea Rocket sc. ssces peony vane ga 463 
Sedges (Carex), «2.2... ccc eeeeeeenee 290 
Sedge, Autumnal ...........0.0ce0 ee v26s 
Bristlitigs cass dace Utara ows 253 
eR cht deco nana 8 os 266 
PlairsHkes scasceieoisacienientioca: ie 265 
GIObOSE! cases Seren waar ie 254 


826 


PAGE. 
Sedge, Gray's .....-eeeee reece ee eens 235 
Lancaster <.:s.008 usar es a 3253 
TOW sepsis cdeclinsslalbamasiaresobancacene 250 
Marsh! aacciigisninstonne cinereus cara 251 
Michaux’sy eacecocnstas cay 252 
Nuttall’s 20... .06 sess ces euees 250 
Pine Barren .....--..eeeeeee 255 
Red-rooted, .....-.ssseeeeees 252 
Rough asseccwexesieciasesies 254 
Chiming .xdi.cdSserneeeens 250 
Slender: « seicicttveuinegncernedue misses 256 
Small-toothed ..........++-+. 251 
Straw-colored ..........++00. 253 
Teaseike: ca..0. tke. 8e eevee 254 
MOOEHEM, | sicsestcaceudusecenssnindasnecansands 251 
Well We seccesresiiss ona vnssatitccdnautierondnye 249 
Sééd: Boxy, 2svcney sawecws cas sewing ie 582 
‘Selaginella. |... .s240ccssawsgeneeeses 143 
Selbitreall) | scvinsisseccéntudvesscacbovansat acuedanenavocanses « 666 
Seni tay. Wald cizciccersaiccianacaverceovaiecenec-ayatondes 494 
S€HGCIO. ctunseceniaeraeeaese sees 777 
Sensitive-Kea: accccusceen seeesee aes 493 
SOTICOCATPUS® aaicio:iese.desieissirererereiatereiers Dince 753 
SemVvice bePry? veces iviwarincerberuerseNesraydcvecuond 488 
SeésuviGm: sac sesiasaiesaacencaay spitaleies 435 
Setar cou rx yuyeee ee cage eakeee aeaee 213 
GQHAG BUSH: oes Se nsivacrse tierce ne tras Becdisanas 488 
SRB NOrES. BeBe a wigan d.penceceown edie muon 462 
Sickle: pod) ssccuve svshaveare vans eee 466 
SiGVOS” xcusesinwewia Sammesetanetewentsie 714 
i eee core eee oe ee ee ee cree eee eee 549 
SIT SMES,. coicarsbcascnstiepsatedaciSysnerepledeniss yoked axndege 437 
SISHMDMUM. rceducone deaieetancanicieconsverss 462 
Sisyrinchitin  accss-os%edpiearacwaava enix oenoace 360 
DH: Lusveda geo eurs ae ee aseey ee 597 
Sime Cabbeee cise sccoases eenwaen 316 
Slipper’ Platte. cvevesescunnachovardlssasiendioweaccaubae 364 
Omar t: Weed. sivimenawnctameeinianentsenatsigusyay 421 
SUE new casduy Bee bee veee eas eraeeg 351 
Simiithi;, (Chase Be ee ce cic eihitis cuted aedie endear 269 
UES pos owue owrirecdininbie tesa arled 678 
Buokeroot, Diack xcxensucavagonaey 451 
Button: cueiasswoesswesn 740 
S€neca. 2a scescesvceeeius 524 
VAR CIN fice smaevesecser crested 418 
Sneezeweed ........ ccc cee cere eee 774 
SOU, voy sesexeueweeuxearnwen 675 
SOHUAGS nue 4s ep eee he Go Su wea RE 742 
Solidago altissima ...............0.. 751 
ATUL! cawisssiniirinnaietaccrahions ace eeaonar 750 
BICOLOR” ssiaicietesnaiedsnee mas teubare 744 
CACS1A: erasers ee eeew sn ettays 744 
canadensis ............0000. 751 
eTIVORE I: siccyeeanaeetecaioamrere si dancc 748 
Crécta: snare hars toe gions 
fistulosa 
flexicaulis, 
gigantea 
FUNCOD. saucxvaseveuger saws » 750 
TEgleCtA cesade esate eees 749 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Solidago nemoralis, .............2005 751 
Odora 6. . cece eee eee e renee 747 

PAPUA, sas ccsnecoueceyscertrhuaveyenescuseedis 748 

pubernla cioniscnacns eens 745 

TFUZ0SS; sveseesvareecaseew 747 
sempervirens ........... wee 746 

SOKOCIMIAL sodeeaveseussagensisitveresonnveverte 750 

SPECIOSA. wiser eveccemveve vie ae’ 743 

SETICtA cio oeus eee ees 746 

limitGlia: 2kqcscienckeseeey 748 
mtligiilatay, cadres dceduaesoeeidsc sue 750 
Solonton’s: Seal) ccisireaveieuiscresssaseiesarenns 349 
SONCHUS! s.ccysatsomratstaenaeni ene stare anos 719 
Serves. cacscev es suaeeneineees he 184 
Sorrel, Engelmann’s ................ 421 

Horse 


Sorrel, Wood 
Sow Thistle 


Spanish: Needle; aye sscsaveviccsessrageictustenasccentes 774 
SOAPER IO cae ews ew tira ewnremniw dy 159 
DONOR aceeunexeswnwase ayy eee eee UES 
Spathyema,. .ncucniwyeworene tees 316 
Spatier Docks. censsesenecssasecsuatsitess versie couaaie 444 
ee ac sie eraiene in wisi ec ech son as 715 
Speedwell, ctcaein onciresdwerreevarncas 682 
SonenoeneS, aveciaceuexvsexneziens 229 
Spice wood o.6cs-s3ecgisuesorecsssosiniansrereiesesaadhbieus 460 
Spied WORE: jscapewiesiceaiayiversnsi/osavenioetacehdevtvave 325 
Spigeliat ic. sveuswasctavenueideinmas si vapeieintes 637 
Spike Rash; «scucuyeersneerdeaweeni 258 
Spikenard Star-flowered, ............ 348 

WANS «weasel oitdeenssoncentieve 348, 580 
Spitae@ay sar cig tyes equine come pos 477 
Spitodela;, oscccssec seve sree sey B18 
SporG doles), ccscssisciva aucueiscciesevens dsdatnepbveseuees 222 
Spring’ Beatty wceecccseincevocecanieceeraraioceton 435 
Spurge). swisiecyacmpente gies aenpronnes 527 
Sitaw Rook ccuwcjue saeaeses mare eee 695 
Squaw-weed ........sceeeeeeereee .. 777 
SACHS: | svereiscyennseccouidunt duabeiaudietueesehensnneiaes 667 
SPOR PEP IE es iersne sn cereewancrenmrerenien 618 
Siapiylee, arureus cuyeees saan sends BAG 
Stor PIOWEr wociade te oon tendaani edi 635 
Stan dorassh chs.ccksylveosucrhicutynnerviwonaeeanneotibsss 355 
Statwort) cscs seen sregnevdar cars 529 
Steironima. evcicveeweaie sees sioeaae 632 
Stenophyllus 2... ... see e eee ee eeee 265 
SEL PAL. kenaiciensiccneinsscvcceraud thumnteuaundaetie eeeeaen 219 
Stone crop ....... eintnweoave reds aie 470 
Stork?s) Bill scaugece ts Merce eseausadie es 514 
Strawberry, Virginia ............... 481 
Strawberry-Bush ............. ooneeiy 542 
Stickseed, Virginia ........-.--..+.. 658 
Strophostyles ..<20c.saseees tee eee ees 513 
Struthiopteris ............. igoninedaielanoes 137 
Stylosanthes,. cain wecasicveereatoae gictoverniva 499 
Sumaé: ceyeaosneaacucs pte ees Newel 536 
SUNGEWS 26-265 c6:3 Siciesdceieid Bhan wecers pvdcacece 468 
Sundrops ....... ad dhaalantecole ea Savastetoseek nets 584 
Sunflower ......... ee eee rie 769 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

suntiower, Ticked, 2c. ssw sis ovacay 774 
Swarmip: Bink: scien sowayesialatden aves 340 
Sweet: Bay? wssceemieoncseatewa seesces 446 
Sweet: Clos ys tes ees esziowgaes cra vecsea ie anerevn 595 
Sweet Pepperbush .................. 60 
S WEEE! MMEDth. 20 jeaverieaatesases sarteiiensiccensis vee 396 
Syndesmon’ ix auesaccneeseeineewevas 454 
eSyNnOSMAy aan Seeks wey Heese decnesd 776 
SY tUEM OTIS IIA, sons b ose ste Recaxnadlerdhehaiiersantesuien 188 
TanacehOe  .navaduwwiccrewewwawew yes yay 
Tape Gtass ses os pense ex wesaspesuax 173 
Taxodiant sssens seco neers ctw I51 
Tea, New Jersey: --..:00:6sccsaunnetden s 546 
Mearthumb? wiiiciaeerncaccncracnornntawseunowsy 426 
‘Wecomia:. .piieeasmasines shealoeilanwe 695 
TEWCHUMs. seit eter tte eos 663 
PU Hal esiayy . scis5y2hensusnend .cvas enaiecenacs dase aiersis Olan 694 
“Pralictrs my: -arcijeikosesautaniaeaus avarnaoake are 458 
STRASplUM: sneer pe weee geese ny v.. §99 
“THIGUES. dey aseenr neueeeck ane eeinees 778 
PAPHISt Ss IS OMe sasccais Ace spears rodoanencyans eh Fists 719 
‘Thorn, Dwarf ........ ida dedescisatalciantcons 489 
Cockspur 489 

Soe nieecereen seas 489 

Dhiree: Square: ercisesosiecsccesacecnn evs Sees 269 
Tickseed, Rose-colored ..........++.- 771 
TiCk:trefoil. scscbecscednwigieettoveee nay 500 
“TSS, seauanetun seed ae eens d 436, 442 
MEST TA es dnsuaeusndec crtdhsusrteaavuienece Nt assaseea cosas 548 
AN pba T al curate zecctl's Myeeines NaS (b evanleud Secedtuaed 378 
TN Gad AAR. .sisicisrs cig sonic revsnetaoreianencters acest 677 
False? ess utines sees oes 418 

Tobacco, Indian ..........--see ee eee 717 
PORELAIA.. -arcnceyenn cemeteries eaeGasaedes 337 
Touch-me-not ......e eee e eee rece eee 545 
Tradestsnud ceive muussesd erase 326 
Triademum ..... 0... c ee eee eect eens 557 
THIGHOStEMA, eeieise ccasnese as doeeieranearee tie 664 
“THOCHS: accciagehesxeeelt owe iene de 236 
Wrtentalis. asc20442 Reese cea eee ee 633 
Pik olivitns a .cssisvictevnacapteanecdidemsh enesen 496 
Triglochin ......... 6. esse eee eee eee 166 
Weillitiin: siascesnacs cabinets ee tara 350 
"Triosteum .. 6-0. cee eee erences zit 
Triplasis ...0.. 0. eee eee eee eee eee 236 
Tripsacum 60... eee eee eee 180 
Trumpet Creeper ..-----es-e ree ee ree 695 
4 Wt <r cc 150 
Tulip-tree occ eee eee tee 448 
Tumbleweed .....5--:e0 eee eeeeeeeeee 433 
“‘Turkey-beard ....-.0-e cece cece eee 339 
Twayblade, Large ..-----+-eeeeee rere 377 
TLoesel’s ..c ccc eee ceeeeees 377 

Southern ....--..-0-00++s 375 

Twin Berry ...ccee eee eee erences 703 
Typha oo. cece eee eee eee entrees 158 
Ulmus wo cece cee eee eee erence eeneees 412 
Unifolium ......0 eee rece ere een reee 349 
Uniola 2. cece cece rere eect ete eeeerecs 239 
Urtica ocee ec cee ccc er rence er en eens « 415 


PAGE. 
Urticasttuin, «24s ac: crayeer pes cee 415 
WtricMla ria, «Aes wie aloes aaities adeiiednacdutuien 688 
WO viet scs.scasive:aesyhennesu cantar mborietdiiiade cathe 343 
TINIE SY cs iecastsichisirconsts eridvmestirer ceaesmrecaeretsaa 621 
MaCGiniGin sca world naek genase ees 624 
Wegnerd: eet s isle ecelernen ee couens 348 
VRP: onic cian wndnueribeencin oe 713 
Wallismeria: isc tudseesich syatiseunastentescanacartesoane 173 
Venus’ Looking-glass ............605 715 
Veratrinr siesin cenegarwioa erectile 
Verbenay xpiacveenies cuvereeaaast 
AMET DESI a oii dis Wocaedsailsuedinase nan niun:s 
WERMOM TAs | secdattscens hcderavnise Seeceeeneth dec eke eee 
MeErOniCa: -vatvnciinioniiteaisiinwan Winn wal 
WenVaie stoned > areasie cree sears as 
Vetch, Marsh 
Sensitive: Joint), :es:.caiessee esis 498 
AWAD sxhcariscoetefeitinntsduatcheds son besualeouergsn 495 
VibGE. sincere ewan awewns 5 era ataer eaves 708 
WAC. Waurkdaem aanaanen Meee ares 495 
Viola auiud prac pater sete adiee ct 564 
Wales APIS pa. s-cnesevrenanausani acs. asaioliacasacs 568 
Blea he nccnns sttvaliseeiardidnisnrateea acdc 570 
Drittoniana. -ecccciavinie ves sinters 567 
GOHSPETSa? ajwauien sine yanmnnase S92 
Cuctilata: saws en 568 
OMALSinatar .vcskensessinediewasines Re 570 
Amibriatuilay, « sswsniesaycesiueveuerscahsenpten 569 
SESH PIL sg aevsirner atawsi aseacinsdencensite 568 
lanceolata, onseeeedvecse gases 571 
lineariloba: <stcssgavsadsenee oy 565 
PECNT eecnce dace ee wee alae 570 
Pala atay seca ccvensccetyeverecesheudseangevavececs 566 
papilionacea ......0. see e eee 568 
pedata sueesiewunseaearaaisaes 565 
premiiel,.  xcnkl eveeee nee 571 
PUBESCETIS§: aevderqacaedoertinianscenee ss S71 
PARMERG UM: sseacscesnane aersusvaresoonauny 572 
rotundifolia .........02c-eeeee 570 
gawitidid .20s icaee eee nee’ 369 
P Scabriusculay aise da mess etic 572 
SOLOt ay: | awek ha rarcaensomawina 567 
striata 
triloba 
VAOLEEEE. oc: tunit svacw apie dasneins sap eee 
Virginia Creeper «<< .cceevseswe names 548 
Wirgin’s Bower «xyes p< oeuw ce ves nunc 454 
Wits: cscceras ett ee eae a ea oan 546 
Wake-robin, Ill-scented .....-.-..-+-- 350 
(ce ae on reer 350 
Walett, BCE sseu.ciqe cremnanme dass 397 
Washingtonia .......-- seer eres 595 
Water Beech caccnn st ncawcnnad eee eeey 399 
“Water Hemp. «.2.qsuce werent eeara roe 434 
Water Lily ....... cee eee ee eee eee 445 
Water Nymph ......-.eeeee eee tees 165 
Water Parsnip, Hemlock ........+-+- 597 
Water Plantain ss.ssccuyersees inne 168 
Diwark, <xecnrsemee 168 
Water Shield, cacvinaresioentn nied 443 


828 


INDEX. 


Water Star Grass. scene ccsicniiee ees 327 
Water Starwort® joss esis seacleg asere 529 
Water “Weed scone cose ste sewiak cee 173 
Water-leaf, Virginia ................ 657 
Water WOTE sc sscdinsiednctladentnd ceil denier evcun ase 558 
Wat Myrtle) scar pinntieorn sacdunn sais 396 
Whitlow Grass .......6.0.e0see08 462, 465 
NVCEOS) © spcicacdstsiurrdiardcesteea hh RR 99 
Wild “Celery: sic acuta cities 4 nmin mess 173 
Wald (Gin gett sccciess.csynivicava a vaosne a teaedees 418 
Wald: Jb Gales okiteenr abvictne scarps ates 344 
Wild Parsnip: 24a tete cin seats ee 591 
Wald SPIN? ss 2 ssa tciraceaatro eubine ae beniad 437 
Wald. POppy’ -wedgeverd. ore csievvoest Stra veneid arenetens 460 
Wald. Potato) vison. ccacoraeatien etioices 653 
Wild Rice <y diary anaheim a eee 214 
Wald). (RVG 22 e356 cgetsk Odes EROS 245 
Wald Wea. 5, 2 sccceenssis tsar cuncaytvo-nwhiens cneenaeud 358 
Willow, Black: ssc ievesseane no ctennre-saienie 392 

Bebb’s: .ceac sieeiee s naena cece 394 

GIAUCOUS,. ficiiciided. dros seenacdoe to snenig 394 

Hartleaved, ooo. cso ah epi 393 

PraInie: sawinnadine yietinw wears 394 

Sage: sios oastous odarees dans 394 

Sand:bar syc0s ce wernieie se tee. 393 

Shining, 

Silky, 

Virginia, 

Water, 

WE)DIN Ro iceitoeged sctnirnnsoens 391 


PAGE. 

Wallow;, Yellow «ca. iiangue ane wnicnss oe 393 
Willow-herb .......--0.+00- Beaphaes Seles 582 
Willugbaéya; sos.a2.cees ees eens yi 739 
Waind-fower ccsescacisiceistivenesceecncine rare + 453 
"Winterzberty, sececics <i seasscilerese ya edevesene che - 540 
Wintergreen, ......-+.00c essence 608, 620 
Flowering, ....-.-..++.. 525 

Waster (Che dank itis srcraneiey sds See Bu 379 
Wilthezrod,. | <ciecdensechSidvaaiist a aheanesdesereanse 710 
Wrolfia. tec scauiinssreiicinratises @ sedate = eaieeee 319 
Wood. Betony® «02 caceees eeesws nies 688 
Wood. Sortel s.c.i eee ds Sate Fee ee 516 
W600 dwardial. aveivece sasssatied dee cue adeacegiaremate 131 
WOOL CLASS! iiessieierrsneaiansrienid sim pespe ‘ 272 
Wormwoed. cascecs areeensseawuns wees 775 
Ranthitint -wiccen shite eos see 726 
Xerophyllum .......... cere cere eens 339 
SON SIT Al fase aonavie’ creetnastanelemavevece sea Haren 618 
RVHS evenness eee tacieu vad tom 319 
Yam, Wild). ..cco. svesara dens ones ects 358 
Wa ET OW. cs sscsledavcadiccsctndgiiacs: on saxsnedenbes Cal Oae 730 
Yellow-eyed Grass .......-seeeeeeeee 320 
Aannichelliay csces vqanaswerg Meee owas 165 
Zanthoxylum;, soe. socs¢es aes esee 518 
AZ AMMA," sie jh sccnepsioce b: esapdgte genes i enseenweneia’ pours 214 
LNA ahg, Liven oh ccnihiansordsayoceaenwnd dd Win aiNesane a. oie 595 
ZOSUCTAY cre Suctistvens: aad sia Rannyee Sporehata tons et aetens 166 
ZYZAAEUISs ween ies yee ie 342 
Zygadine; Coast: sacson iene ses 342 


PLATES 


‘ttuewideyd "y ‘saplounoadoye winipodooAy 
ac] Lb 
Sx ‘SHSSOW €N19 


‘unueluljoled "] 


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PLATE II. 


N. J. Plants. 


x.6. 


Pinus rigida. 


“4 and 2. PITCH PINE. 


Original Photo. 


3 and 4. OLD-FIELD PINE. P. tzeda. 


PLATE IV. 


Original Photo. x.8. 
PINE LEAVES. 
1. Pinus tzeda. 5. P. strobus. 
2. P. serotina. 6. P. virginiana. 


3 and 4. P. rigida. 7 and 8. P. echinata. 


N. J. Piants. PLATE V 


Photos by B. Long. 
1. SEA-BEACH SANDWORT. Ammodenia peploides maritima. 


2, SEA SAND REED. Ammophila arenaria. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE VI 


Original Photo. Nat. size. 


GRASSES. 


1. Tripsacum dactyloides. 3. Stipa avenacea. 
Ss es 4. Andropogon corymbosus abbreviatus. 


PLATE VII. 


“Original Photo. Nat. size. 
GRASSES. 
1. Deschampsia flexuosa. 4. Homalocenchrus oryzoides. 
2. Poa pratensis. 5. Panicum longifolium. 


1 6. Syntherisma filiformis. 


N. J. Plants, 


PLATE VIII. 


Original Photo. Nat. size. 
GRASSES. 
1. Amphicarpon amphicarpon. 4. Aristida gracilis. 7. Alopecurus geniculatus. 
2. Distychlis spicata. 5. Danthonia spicata. 8. Andropogon virginicus. 


3. Triplasis purpurea. 6. Andropogon scoparius. 9. Aristida dichotoma. 


N. J. Plants. 
PLATE IX. 


Original Photo. x.6. 
GRASSES. 

1. Panicum dichotomum. 4. Panicularia septentrionalis. 

2. P. virgatum (part of panicle). 5. Eragrostis pectinacea (part of panicle). 


3. P. capillare. 6. Gymnopogon ambiguus. 


N. J. Pla 
PLATE X. 


Nat. size. 


Original Photo. 
GRASSES. 


1. Calamagrostis cinnoides. 3. Phalaris arundinacea. 5. Brachyelytrum erectum. 
2. Dactylis glomeratus. 4. Holcus lanatus. 


N. J. Plants. 


PLATE XI. 


Original Photo. x.6. 
GRASSES. ; 
1. Sorghastrum nutans. 4. Elymus striatus. 
2. Phragmites phragmites. 5. Chaetocloa imberbis. 


3. Echinocloa walteri. 6. Elymus virginicus. 


PLATE XII. 


ote ¢ 
LP aes 


ig FP 


GRASSES. 
4, Cinna arundinacea. 


5. Paspalum lzve angustifolium. 
6. P. glabratum. 


Original Photo. 
1. Panicum condensum. 


2. Aristida purpurascens. 
3. Agrostis alba. 


PLATE NIL. 


N. J. Plants. 


x7. 


GRASSES. 


Is. 


1 Photo. 


igina 


Or 


Inus. 


idens flavus. 
Sporobolus serot 


«< vr 


3 
4 


'p 
losa. 


Ifa brev 
is pi 


Calamov 
2. Eragrost 


1 


size. 


Nat. 


n 
iT) 
o 
ey) 
< 
oc 
fo) 


Original Photo. 


a 
3 
= 
= 
a 
o 
3 
< 
= 
° 
7) 
F 


1. Festuca octoflora. 


2. F. elatior. 
3. Sporobolus vaginzeflorus. 


pholis pallens. 
6. Uniola laxa. 


5. Spheno 


N. J. Plants. PLATE XV 
H. at . 


Original Photo. 


GRASSES. 
1. Spartina cynosuroides. 4. P. obtusa. 
2. Erianthus saccharoides. 5. Spartina patens. 
3. Panicularia canadensis. 6. Cenchrus carolinensis. 


N. J. Plants 


Original Photo. Nat. size. 
SEDGE 


1. Cyperus lancastriensis; 2. C. hystricinus; 3. C. cylindricus; 4. C. ovularis; 5. C. fil. macilentus; 
6. C. grayi; 7. C. pseudovegetus (single cluster of heads); 8. C. dentatus; 9. C. flavescens; 10. C. 
strigosus (single head from large inflorescence); 11. C. speciosus (single head); 12. C. erythrorhizos 
(single head): 13. C. rivularis; 14. C. diandrus; 15. C. nuttalli; 16. C. esculentus (single head). 


N. J. Plants. 
PLATE XVII. 


Nat. size. 


Original Photo. 


SEDGES AND SPIKE-RUSHES. 

1, Fimbristylis castaneus; 2. F. autumnalis; 3. Stenophylis capillacea; 4. Dulichium arundinaceum; 
s. Eleocharis interstincta; 6. E. quadrangulata; 7. E. robbinsii; 8. E. tuberculosa; 9. E. melanocarpa; 
10. E. trichostata; 11. E. glaucescens; 12. rostellata; 13. FE. tortilis; 14. E. ocreata; 15. E. acicu- 
laris; 16. E. torreyana; 17. E. obtusa; 18. E. tenuis. 


N. J. Plants. 
DUS PLATE XVIII. 


Nat. size. 


Original Photo. : 
BEAKED-RUSHES. 


1. Rynchospora macrostachya (part of inflorescence); 2. R. knieskernii,; 
3. R. cymosa; 4. R. rariflora; 5. R. torreyana; 6. R. fusca; 7. R. glom- 
erata; 8. R. axillaris; 9. R. oligantha; 10. R. pallida and R. alba. 


PLATE XIX. 


Original Photo. Nat. Size 
COTTON-GRASS, NUT-RUSHES, ETC. 

1. Eriophorum virginicum. 4. Fuirena hispida. 7. S. ret. torreyana. 

2. Cladium mariscoides. 5. Eriophorum tenellum. 

3. Scleria verticillata. 6. Scleria triglomerata. 


N. J. Plant PLATE XX 


cea ALE E LE S 


Original Photo. Nat. size. 


SEDGES. 


rt. Scirpus validus; S. planifolius; 3. S. nanus; 4. S. debilis: 5. S. torreyanus; 6. S. subter- 
minalis; 7. S. americanus; 8. S. olneyi; 9. 5. atrovirens (portion only); 10. S. lineatus (portion only); 


tr. S. longit (portion only); 12. S. eriophorum (portion only); 13. 5. cyperinus (portion only). 


~ N. J. Plants. erik 
TE XXI. 


Original Photo. Nat. size. 
SEDGES. 
1. Carex stipata. 5. C. canescens disjuncta. 
2. C. vulpinoidea. 6. C. crinita. 
3. C. muhlenbergii. 7. Scirpus robustus. 
4, Cc. cenhalophora. 8. S. fluviatilis (portion only). 


N. J. Pl 
nl PLATE XXII 


Original Photo. Nat. size. 


SEDGES. 
41. Carex lupulina. 4, 
5 


. folliculata. 


Cc 
2. C. bullata. . C. intumescens. 


3. C. collinsii. 


N. J. Plan: 


PLATE XXIII. 


Original Photo. : Nat. size. 
SEDGES. i 
4. Carex lurida. 4. C. barrattii. 7. C. walteriana. 
2. C. comosa. 5. C. limosa. 


2. C. lanuginosa. 6. C. lacustris. 


PLATE XXIV. 


Original Photo. Nat. size. 
SEDGES. 
1. Carex livida. 4. C. tetanica. 7. C. styloflexa. 
2. C. grisea. 5. C. granularis. 8. C. abscondita. 


3. C. lax. patulifolia. 6. C. laxiculmis. 


. J. Plants 


Nat. size. 


wo 
ul 
o 
a 
ul 
o 


inal Photo. 


1g: 


Or 


ta. 


vesti 


Cc 


t 


aumii. 
chocarpa. 
ii 


2 c 
* it 
a 

asa 


tr 


4.C 
Cc 
Cc 


5 
6. 


icta. 


ps. 


trice 
3. C. oblita. 


Carex str 
Cc 


1 
2 


N. J. Plants. 
PLATE XXVI. 


Original Photo. Nat. size. 
SEDGES. 


4. Carex scoparia; 2. C. tribuloides; 3. C. silicia; 4. C. hormathodes; 
5. C. alata; 6. C. albolutescens; 7. C.straminea; 8. C. festucacea brevior; 
9. C. varia emmonsii; 10. C. interior; 11. C. atlantica; 12. C. pennsyl- 
vanica; 13. C. exilis; 14. C. leptalea harperi; 15. C. umbellata. 


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PLATE XXIX. 


1. PRICKLY PEAR. Opuntia opuntia. 
2. SKUNK CABBAGE. Spathyema feetida. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE XXX 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
SKUNK CABBAGE. Spathyema feetida. 


PLATE XXXI. 


ee ye 
Original Photo. Nat. size. 
RUSHES. 
1. Juncus tenuis. 4. J. effusus. 7. J. dichotomus. 
2. J. buffonius. 5. J. marginatus. 8. J. setaceus. 


3. J. gerardi. 6. J. aristulatus. 


PLATE XXXII. 


Original Photo. Nat. size. 


RUSHES. 
1. Juncus acuminatus. 4. J. militaris. 
2. J. canadensis. 5. J. czesariensis. 


3. J. scirpoides. 6. J. pelocarpus. 


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PLATE XXXIV 


Photos by W. Stone. 


1. PYXIE. Pyxidanthera barbulata. 
2. GOLD-CREST. Lophiola americana. 


PLATE XXXV. 


Photo by H. A. Pilsbry and W. Stone. 
TURKEY-BEARD. Xerophyllum asphodeloides. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE XXXVI. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
SWAMP PINK. Helonias bullata. 


N. J. Plants. 


PLATE XXXVI. 


Photos by B. Long. 
1. BLUE FLAG. Iris versicolor. 
2. BLUE LUPINE. Lupinus perennis. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE XXXVIII. 


Photos by S. Brown. 


1. FALSE LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY. Unifolium canadense. 


2, ROUND-LEAVED WINTERGREEN. Pyrola americana. 


tuinyjAydiuz Bwsesiy “LIdTNd-FHLNI-MOVE ‘asuapeued winitiy “ATI MOTTISA 
"| ‘Suo’T ‘gq Aq sojoyg 


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N. J. Plants. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
OOTHED VIOLET.’ Erythronium americanum. 


N. J. Plan 
PLATE XLI. 


Photos by B. Long. 
1. ‘DOG-TOOTHED VIOLET.’ Erythronium americanum, 


2, BLOOD ROOT. Sanguinaria canadensis. 


N, J. Plants. 
PLATE XLII. 


From Painting by H. FE. Stone. 


MOCCASIN-FLOWER. Cypripedium acaule. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE XLIII. 


x 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
TWAY-BLADE. Leptorchis liliifolia. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE XLIV. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
SHOWY ORCHIS. Galearis spectabilis. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE XLV 


From Painting by H. EF. Stone. 
ORANGE FRINGED ORCHIS. Blephariglottis ciliaris. 


N. J. Plants. 


PLATE XLVI. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
GREEN FRINGED ORCHIS. Blephariglottis lacera. 


N. J. Pl 
ants. PLATE XLVII. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
SNOWY ORCHIS. Gymnadeniopsis nivea. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE XLVIII. 


From Painting by Hl. E. Stone. 
ROSE POGONIA. Pogonia ophioglossoides. 


N. J. 
J. Plants. PLATE XLIX. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
WHORLED POGONIA. Isotria verticillata. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE L 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN. Peramium pubescens. 


N. J. Plants. 


PLATE LI. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
SLENDER LADIES’ TRESSES. Gyrostachys gracilis. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE LII. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
NODDING LADIES’ TRESSES. Gyrostachys cernua. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE LIIl. 


from Painting by H. E. Stone. 
CORAL ROOT. Coraliorhiza odontorhiza. 


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‘umoig “S Aq sojoyg 


“AYT GLV Id ‘SIURId “£ 'N 


N. J. Pl 8 
eae PLATE LV. 


Photos by S. Brown. 


1. SLENDER GLASSWORT. Salicornia europaea. 
2. BIGELOW’S GLASSWORT. S. bigelovii. 
3. SEA-BEACH SANDWORT. Ammodenia pep. maritima 


N. J. Plants. 
Plants. PLATE LVI. 


Photos by S. Brown. 


4. SEA ROCKET. Cakile edentula. 
2, SEA BLIGHT. Dondia maritima. 


N. J. Plants. 
PLATE LVIL. 


Photos by S. Brown. 
14. HALBERT-LEAVED ORACHE. Atriplex hastata. 
2. SALTWORT. Salsola kali. 


RE Fangs 


PLATE LVIII. 


Photos by W. Stone. 
4. PINE BARREN SANDWORT. Arenaria caroliniana. 


2, WHITE AZALEA. Azalea viscosa. 


‘eyesopo eyeyseg 'ATIT YALVM ALIHM 


‘qu0jg “| “HE Aq Suyureg wo1g 


“XIT GELVId ‘SJUBId “£ N 


N. J. Plants. ee 
TE Lx. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
SWAMP MAGNOLIA. Magnolia virginiana. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE LXl. 


Photos by B. Long. 


TULIP POPLAR. Liriodendron tulipifera. 
PARTRIDGE-BERRY. Mitchella repens. 


N. J. Fiants. 


\ h 


a 
Photos by S. Brown. 1 2 


KIDNEY-LEAVED CROWFOOT. WILD COLUMBINE. 
Ranunculus abortivus. Aquilegia canadensis. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE LXIII. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
PITCHER PLANT. Sarracenia purpurea. 


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N. J. Plants. PLATE LXV. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
LONG-LEAVED SUNDEW. Drosera longifolia. 


LXVI. 


Photos by S. Brown. 1, 2. 3. 
CURLY GRASS. THREAD-LEAVED SUNDEW. VIRGINIA SNAKE-ROOT. 
Schizaea pusilla. Drosera filiformis. Aristolochia serpentaria. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE LXVIL 


Photos by S. Brown.. 
CHOKE-BERRY. Aronia nigra. BURNET. Sanguisorba canadensis. 


_N. J. Plants. PLATE LXVIIL. 


Photos by S. Brown. 


1. WILD INDIGO. Baptisia tinctoria. 
2. PENCIL FLOWER. Stylosanthes biflora. 


N. J. 
Plants. PLATE LXIX. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 


LUPINE. Lupinus perennis. - 


N. J. Plants. PLATE. LXX. 


Photos by S. Brown. 
1. WAND-LIKE BUSH CLOVER. Lespedeza frutescens. 2, HAIRY BUSH CLOVER. L. hirta. 


N. J. Plants. 
PLATE LXXI. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
RED CLOVER. Trifolium pratense. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXIL. 


Photos by S. Brown. 
1. PINK WILD BEAN. Strophostyles umbellata. 
2. GROUND-NUT. Apios apios. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXIII. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
CROSS-LEAVED MILKWORT. Polygala cruciata. 


N. J. 
J. Plants. . PLATE LXXIV. 


a” 
£ 4 
4 Che 
ia 
: 


Drawings by H. E. Stone. ¢ 
4. LOOSE-SPIKED MILKWORT. Polygala ambigua. 
2. NUTTALL’S MILKWORT. P. nuttallii. 
3. WHORLED MILKWORT. P. verticillata. 


PLATE LXXV.. 


N. J. Plants. 


1. PINK MILKWORT. Polygala incarnata 
2, RACEMED MILKWORT. P. polygama. 


Drawings by H. E. Stone. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXVI. 


Drawings by Hi. E. Stone. 
1. SHORT-LEAVED MILKWORT. Polygala brevifolia. 
2. FLOWERING WINTERGREEN. P. paucifolia. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXVII. 


Drawing by H. E. Stone. 
ORANGE MILKWORT. Polygala lutea. 


N. J. Plants. aie PLATE LXXVIII. 


Drawings by H. E. Stone. 
1. MARYLAND MILKWORT. Polygala mariana. 
2, PURPLE MILKWORT. P. viridescens. 


N. J. 
N. J. Plants. PLATE LXXIX. 


Photos by W. Stone. 
CONRAD’S CROW-BERRY. Corema Conradii. 


N. J. 
Plants. PLATE LXXxX. 


Photos by S. Brown. : 
1. POISON IVY. Rhus radicans. 
2. VIRGINIA CREEPER. Psedera quinquefolia. 


N. J. 
J. Plants. PLATE LXXXI. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
ROSE MALLOW. Hibiscus moscheutos. 


N. J. P =" 
lants. PLATE LXXXII. 


Photos by S. Brown. 


1. ORANGE GRASS. Sarothra gentianoides. 
2. RATTLESNAKE MASTER. Eryngium aquaticum. 


PLATE LXXXIII. 


N. J. Plants. 


Nat. size. 


PINWEEDS. 


Hosa. 


L. racemulosa. 


1 Photo. 


ina 


g) 


Ori: 


L 


minor. 
4. L. maritimum. 


3 


Lechea vi 


1 
2. 


5. L. leggetii. 


N. J. Plants. 


PLATE LXXXIV. 


Photos by B. Long. 


1. BLUE MARSH VIOLET. Viola cucullata. 
2. SPRING BEAUTY. Claytonia virginica. 


N. J. Plants. 
nts PLATE LXXXV. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
BIRD-FOOT VIOLET. Viola pedata lineariloba. 


N. J. Pl i 
ants PLATH LXXXVI. 


ca 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
OVATE-LEAVED VIOLET. Viola fimbriatula. 


N. J. 
Plants. PLATE LXXXVIL. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
ARROW-LEAVED VIOLET. Viola sagittata. 


Ta <A SE tht rat 
N. J. ; - 
J. Plants. FPUALH LAAAVILL, 


Photos by W. Stone. 


1. PRIMROSE-LEAVED VIOLET. Viola primulifolia. 3. THREAD-LEAVED SUNDEW. Drosera filiformis. 
2. LANCE-LEAVED VIOLET. V. lanceolata. Showing insects attached to glands. 


N. J. Plants. ; 
PLATE LXXXIX. 


é oy 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
SWEET WHITE VIOLET. Viola pallens. 


N. J. Plants. 


PLATE XC. 


i) 
kJ 
» & ac f : 
e fel Y / 4 
ra) fy 4 eh S 4 Z 
fod fd KH ri is 4b 
ta iy M4 Fl s & 4 
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\ | H \ . i # SA 
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\ \ \ \ \_—— H f Y 
CS SK I / 
A eS st an / KO 
AS IEA NAS 
Drawings by H. E. Stone. 
4. MUDWORT. Limosella tenuifolia. 
2. UMBELLATE PENNYWORT. Hydrocotyle umbellata. 


3. LILAEOPSIS. Lilaeopsis lineata. 


E. Stone. 


From Painting by H. 
SPOTTED WINTERGREEN. Chimaphila maculata. 


J. Plants. PLATE XCIL. 


Z 


Photos by S. Brown. 
4. CASSANDRA. Chamaedaphne calyculata. 
2, SWEET PEPPER-BUSH. Clethra alnifolia. 


N. J. 
J. Plants. PLATE XCIII. 


Photos by B. Long. 


1. WITCH HAZEL. Hamamelis virginiana. 
2. {NDIAN PIPE. Monotrona uniflora. 
WINTERGREEN. Gaultheria procumbens. 


. Plants. uA auiV. 


RHODODENDRON, Rhododendron maximum, WILD HYDRANGEA. Hydrangea arborescens. 


N. J. Plants. 


PLATE XCV. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
PINK AZALEA. Azalea nudiflora. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE XCVI. 


Photos by S. Brown. 
1. BUTTON-BUSH. Cephalanthus occidentalis. 


2, SAND MYRTLE. Dendrium buxifolium. 


N. J. P 
lants. PLATE XCVII. 


Photos by S. Brown. 
1. WINTERGREEN. Gaultheria procumbens, 


2. CRANBERRY. Oxycoccus macrocarpus. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE XCVIII. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. ARBUTUS. Epigaea repens. 


N. Jd. Plants, 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. BEAR BERRY. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. 


N. J. Plants PLATE C. 


i N 
2 wv 3 


1. SWAMP LEUCOTHOE. Leucothoe racemosa. 
2. CASSANDRA. Chamaedaphne calyculata. 
3. BEAR-BERRY. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. 


N. 
J. Plants, PLATE Cl. 


Drawings by H. E. Stone. 
4, TALL BLUEBERRY. Vaccinium corymbosum. 
2, NARROW-LEAVED BLUEBERRY. V. pennsylvanicum. 


3. LOW BLUEBERRY. V. vaccillans. 


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N. J. Pla 
Plants. PLATE CII. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
FRINGED GENTIAN. Gentiana crinita. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE CIV 


PINE BARREN GENTIAN. Gentiana porphyrio. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE 
CV. 


{ 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
CLOSED GENTIAN. Gentiana andrewsii. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE CVI 


Photos by S. Brown. 
1. SQUARE-STEMMED CENTAURY. Sabatia angularis. 
2, LARGE MARSH CENTAURY. |S. dodecandra. 
3. SEA PINK. S. stellaris. 


N. J. Plants. 
aah PLATE CVIL 


V 


Photos by S. Brown. 
1. PURPLE FOXGLOVE. Gerardia purpurea. 
2, BARTONIA. Bartonia virginica. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE CVIIL 


SAV 


SWAMP LOOSESTRIFE. Decodon verticillatus. BUTTERFLY-WEED. Asclepias tuberosa. 


Photos by S. Brown. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE CIX 


Photos by S. Brown. HAIRY MILKWEED. SMOOTH ORANGE MILKWEED. 
Asclepias lanceolata. 


N. J. Plants PLATE CX. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 


HORSE MINT. Monarda punctata. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE CXl 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
SNAKE HEAD. Chelone glabra. 


N. J. Plants. a PLATE CXIL. 


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2 BLADDERWORTS. 
4. Utricularia intermedia. 3. U. cornuta. 


2. U. purpurea. 4, U. juncea. 


PLATE CXIil. 
3 


N. J. Plants. 


. 2 


(4 


Nat. size. 


iene by H. E. Stone. 
BLADDERWORTS. 
4. Utricularia virgatula. 3. U. subulata. 
2, U. clandestina. 4, U. cleistogama. 
5. U. gibba. 


N. J. ; 
J Plants. PLATE CXIV. 


Stone. 


Drawing by H. E. 
BLADDERWORTS. 


4. Utricularia fibrosa. 2. U. inflata. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE CXV. 


Drawings by I. E. Stone. 
HAIRY RUELLIA. Ruellia ciliosa. 


PLATE CXVI. 


N. J. Plants. 


Drawings by H. E. Stone. 


Galium aparine. 
2, COAST BEDSTRAW. G. hispidulum. 


1. CLEAVERS. 


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N. J. Plants. 


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Photos by S. Brown. 
CARDINAL LOBELIA. Lobelia cardinalis. MONKEY FLOWER. Mimulus ringens. 


N. J. Plants. : PLATE CXxX. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
DOWNY LOBELIA. Lobelia puberula. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE CXX1. 


Photos by S. Brown. 1. GROUNDSEL-BUSH. 2. MOUSE-EAR EVERLASTING. 
; Baccharis halimifolia. Antennaria_ plantaginifolia. 


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N. J. Plants. PLATE CXXxII. 


Photes by S. Brown. 
1. PINE BARREN BONESET. Eupatorium album. ; 2. WILD SAGE. Salvia lyrata. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE CXXIV. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 


BONESET. Eupatorium perfoliatum. 


PLATE CNXV. 


N. J. Plants. 


S 


i 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 


lonactis linariifolius. 


STIFF-LEAVED ASTER. 


N. J. Plants. PLATE CXXVI. 


From Painting by H. E. Stone. 
SWEET-SCENTED GOLDENROD. Solidago odora. 


Southern N. J. PLATE CXXVII. 


cialis: 


Photos by T. M. Lightfoot and W. Stone. 


CEDAR SWAMP. 
DRY PINE WOODS. 


Southern N. J. PLATE CXXVIII 


Photos by T. M. Lightfoot. 7 


VIEWS OF THE WEST PLAINS. 
LAUREL IN BLOOM. 


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Full text of "The plants of Southern New Jersey with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species"

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