Skip to main content

Full text of "Catalogue of mammalia in the Indian Museum, Calcutta"

See other formats 


i atalinlidale va re 
a Pay 
Niveigtelt (i 


a 


NAA 
Taapkaconne a asecity 3 

Nias wees at ane ae 
‘beat’ 

aespaitg 


MK 
aia 


Ci 


ee ees 


i athaie ral . sate 
be ek oad 
sit sini 
in 


ae “ee i 
us, ii us ( A 


a 
i 


oe 


4 eS iar 
a oo 


te 
i 
a age 
ee es Lit ae it 


ip, Mie 
Lana hula 


a 
MCR vie 
ri i ald 
We ii 


ii Av 


ae 
Wie 
Lyi ind on ‘ oe : j ian Thais ; ) ; en 
i ne Seite he i fh t a SA eG VSR il Blaha ty 4 gta 


Ca 
Wiity a 


WAG 


v 
Aenean 
i? px 
i te ape 
Nai 


ALBERT R. MANN 
LIBRARY 


NEw York STATE COLLEGES 
OF 
AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS 


AT 


CORNELL UNIVERSITY 


VAIE DUE 


Ju + 9} 1978 Hest} 


ARY LOAN 


GAYLORD 


Cornell Universit 


Cornell University 


Library 


The original of this book is in 
the Cornell University Library. 


There are no known copyright restrictions in 
the United States on the use of the text. 


http://www. archive.org/details/cu31924002904484 


CATALOGUE 


OF 


MAMMALIA. 


INDIAN MUSEUM. 


PART I. 


CATALOGUE 


OF 


MAMMALIA 


IN THE 


INDIAN MUSEUM, 


CALCUTTA: 


BY 


JOHN ANDERSON, M.D., F.RS., 


SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM, AND PROFESSOR OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, 
MEDICAL COLLEGE, 


Part I. 
Primates, Prosimie, Chiroptera, and Insectivora. 


CALCUTTA: 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 
1881. 


CALCUTTA : 


PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, 
168, DHURRUMTOLLAH STREET, 


PREFACE. 


A CATALOGUE of the Mammalia in the Museum of the 
Asiatic Society of Bengal, drawn up by the late Mr. 
Edward Blyth, was published by the Society in 1863. 

In 1865, the Museum of: the Asiatic Society practically 
became the property of the Government of India, although 
the legal transfer was not completed until 1876. 

The various departments of the Museum have very largely 
increased since 1863, many of them now being four-fold more 
extensive than they were seventeen years ago. It was, there« 
fore, recently resolved to issue a series of catalogues of the 
various departments of the Museum, with the object of 
making their contents known, and thus extending the useful- 
ness of the Institution. : 

Two instalments have already been published, viz, a 
Fasciculus of the Catalogue of the Mollusca, and the first pait 
of a Hand-List of the same group. The present volume. 
therefore, is the third of the series. 

It comprises, however, only the first four orders of the 
Mammalia, viz., Primates, Prosimia, Chiroptera, and IJnsecti- 
vora ; but catalogues of the remaining orders will be published 
as soon as possible, 

Some idea of the increase that has taken place in the 


vi PREFACE. 


collection of Mammalia since 1863 may be gained from the 
following table ; but in other groups the increase is even more 
marked :— 


Permates, ProsIMiz. CuinortTERa. | Inseorrvora. 


1863. | 1881. | 1863. | 1881. | 1863. | 1881. | 1863. | 1881. 


Genera . .| 11] 17] 3! 7| 24| 27] as] a 


Species . .| 40| 73| 7] 14] 67| 118] 36] 52 
Specimens. .| 162] 572] 22] 69] 215/1,116] 123 | 426 


The Chiroptera in this catalogue, with a few exceptions, 
were identified by Mr. G. E. Dobson, who published a list of 
them in his Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera, issued by 
the Trustees of this Museum in 1876; and his arrangement 
of the group has been followed. 

A list of the donors to the sections dealt with in this 
part of the Catalogue will be found after this Preface. It 
includes, as far as possible, the names of all contributors before 
and since 1863. 


NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS MENTIONED IN THIS 
CATALOGUE. 


Abbott : Major J. Abbott. 

Abyssinian Expedition. 

Adelaide Museum. 

Allen : Mrs. R. Allen. 

Anderson : the late Mr. Andrew Anderson. 
Anderson: Dr, John Anderson, F.R.S. 
Apear: Mr. J. Apcar. 

Armstrong: Mr. J. Armstiong, M.B. 
Atkinson : the late Mr. W. S, Atkinson. 
Baker: Mr. E. B. Baker. 

Baker : the Reverend H. Baker. 

Baker : the Reverend J. Baker. 

Ball: Professor V. Ball. 

Barbe : the Reverend J. Barbe. 

Barclay : Mr. A. Barclay, B.M. 
Barrackpore Menagerie. 

Bartlett; Mr. A. D. Bartlett. 

Batavian Society. 

Beddome: Lieut.-Colonel R. H. Beddome. 
Bell: Mr. Bell. 

Benson : the late Mr. W. H. Benson. 
Berdmore : the late Major Berdmore. 
Berlin Museum. 

Bidie: Mr. G. Bidie. 

Blanford : Mr. H. F. Blanford, F.R.S. 
Blanford: Mr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S. 
Blisset: Mr. T. Blisset. 
Blyth: the late Mr. Edward Blyth. 
Bourne: the late Lieutenant J. H. Bourne. 
Boys : Captain Boys. 

British Museum. 

Brooke: the late Sir James Brooke. 
Brownlow: My. C. Brownlow. 


vill 


NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS. 


Burdwan: the Maharajah of Burdwan. 
Butler: the late Captain J. Butler. 
Cadell : Lieut.-Colonel T. Cadell, V.C. 
Caldwell: Mr. J. Caldwell. 

Carllyle: Mr. A. C. Carllyle. 

Chennell : Mr. A. W. Chennell. 
Chowdry : Raja Pirtha Ram Chowdry. 
Cockburn: Mr. John Cockburn. 

Coles: the late Dr. W. Coles. 

Collins: Mr. B. Collins. 

Cornfoot: Captain Cornfoot. 

Davison: the late Mr. Davison. 
D’Cruz: Mr. R. D’Cruz. 

Dillon: Mr. Dillon. 

Dobson: Mr. G. E. Dobson, M.A., B.M. 
Egerton : Captain C. C. Egerton. 

Elliot : Sir Walter Elliot, K.C.S.L, F.R.S. 
Elwes: Mr. H. J. Elwes. 

Fayrer: Sir Joseph Fayrer, K.C.S.L, F.R.S. 
Foster: the late Mr. J. M. Foster. 
Fraser : Mr. O. L. Fraser. 

Frith : the late Mr. R. W. G. Frith. 
Gammie : Mr. J. Gammie. 

Ganslandt: Mr. W. Ganslandt. 
Godwin-Austen : Lieut..Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.RB.S. 
Gregory: Major Gregory. 

Grote: Mr. Arthur Grote. 

Gunn: Mr. J. 8. Gunn. 

Gurney: My, J. H. Gurney. 

Haughton : Lieut.-Colonel Haughton. 
Heatly: Mr. 8. G. T. Heatly. 

Helfer: the late Dr. Helfer. 

Hodgson : the late Mr. H. B, Hodgson, C.8.1. 
Homfray : Mr. J. Homfray. 

Hood : the late Captain T. H. Hood. 
Houghton: Mr. H. L. Houghton. 
Huffnagle: Mr. C. Huffnagle. 
Hungarian Museum, 

Hutchison : Mr. H. M. L. Hutchison. 
Hutton: the late Captain T, Hutton. - 
India Museum, London. 


NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS, 


Jenkins : Colonel Jenkins. 

Jerdon: the late Mr. T. C. Jerdon. 
Johnson: Mr. W. H. Johnson. 
Karachi Museum. 

Kelaart : the late Dr. E. F. Kelaart. 
King: Mr. George King, B.M. 
Laidlay : Mr. J. W. Laidlay. 

Layard: Mr. E. L. Layard. 

Lewis : Captain Lewis. 

Lindstedt : the late Reverend T. W. Lindstedt. 
Lister: Mr. J. M. Lister. 

Lockwood: Mr. E. Lockwood. 
Lydekker: Mr. R. Lydekker. 

Madras Government Central Museum. 
Malherbe : the late Mr. A. Malherbe. 
Mandelli : the late Mr, L. Mandelli. 
Masters: Mr. W. Masters. 

Mayo: the Countess of Mayo. 
McClelland : Mr. J. McClelland. 
Medical College Museum, Calcutta. 
Moxon: Mr. W. G. Moxon. 

~ Mullick: Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 
Murray: Mr. W. F. Murray. 

Murray: Captain W. G. Murray. 
Nevill: Mr. G. Nevill, 

Nevill: Mr. H. Nevill. 

Nicholls: Mr. W. Nicholls. 
Northbrook : Earl Northbrook. 

Oakes: Mr. Oakes. 

Payter : Mr. J. Payter. 

Peal: Mr. S. E. Peal. 

Persian Boundary Commission. 
Peters: Professor W. Peters, Berlin. 
Phayre: Sir Arthur P. Phayre, K.C.8.1I. 
Phillip : My. H. Phillip. 

Rahman: Moulvie Ator Rahman. 
Reilly: Mr. E. P. Reilly. 

’ Riddell Museum, Agra. 

Riippell : the late Dr. E. Riippell, 
Rutledge: Mr. William Rutledge. 


St. John : Lieut,-Colonel O. B. C. St. John, C.S.I. 


ix 


NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS. 


Sanders: Mr. E. Sanders, B.M. 

Sceva: Mr. G. Sceva. 

Shaw: Babu R. R. Shaw. ; 

Sherwill : the late Major W. S. Sherwill. 
Shillingford : Mr. G. W. Shillingford. 
Shillingford: Mr. S. W. Shillingford. 
Skipwith : the late Mr. T. Skipwith. 
Smoult: Mr. W. H. Smoult. 

Stewart: Mr. L. C. Stewart. 

Stoliczka: the late Dr. Ferdinand Stoliczka. 
Strickland : the late Mr. H. E. Strickland. 
Swaries: Mr. C. Swaries. 

Swinhoe: the late Mr. R. Swinhoe. 

Sydney Institution. 

Templeton : the late Mr. R. Templeton. 
Theobald : Mr. W. Theobald. 

Thwa‘tes: Mr. W. Thwaites, F.R.S. 
Tickell: the late Lieut.-Colonel R. 8, Tickell. 
Tytler: the late Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Tytler. 
Whitwell: Mr. W. Whitwell. 
Wood-Mason: Mr. James: Wood-Mason. 
‘Wroughton: the late Major Wroughton. 
Yarkand (Second) Mission. 

Yunnan Expeditions. 

Zoological Gardens, Calcutta. 


SYSTEMATIC INDEX, 


Paes, 


I.—Orprr PRIMATES. 
I.—Sub-Order Carareurnt. 
I.—Family Hominrpz. 


I.—Genus Homo, Linn. . wr od 


II.—Family Srmipz. 


I.—Sub-Family Simin, 


Genus Anthropopithecus— 
Anthropopitheeus troglodytes. 1 
gorilla ~. 2 
Genus Simia— 
Simia satyrus . . e 32 
sy»  abelii . ‘ 2 . 24 


II.—Sub-Family Hyropatina. 


Genus Hylobates— 
Hylobates syndactylus . . 25 
3 hoolook '. - 26 
35 lar ‘ ‘ . 28 
i agilis . . + BL 
: leuciscus ‘ . 83 
_ leucogenys . . 384 


IlI.—Family CercorirHecipz. 


I.—Sub-Family SemnorirHEcIn x. 


Genus Semnopithecus— 
Semnopithecus entellus . . 35 


3 var. schistaceus 37 
3 priamus . 388 
$5 hypoleucus . 40 
33 pileatus . . 40 
4 cephalopterus 43 
si var. ursinus . 44 
33 var. sener . 45 


Semnopithecus johnii . » 45 
93 obscurus - 46 

55 maurus . . AT 

5 barbei . 48 

” phayrei. . 49 

as holotephreus. 50 

39 cristatus . 60 

we siamensis . 651 

35 femoralis . 652 
melalophus . 53 

Sub.Genus Nasalis— 

Semnopithecus larvatus . 54 


Genus Colobus— 
Colobus guereza . ‘ . 65 
II.—Sub-Family CercoritHucinz. 


Genus Cercopithecus 
Cercopithecus pygerythrus . 55 


55 sabeus . . 66 
a albogularis . 57 
mona . - 57 
» leucampyx . 58 
sy ruber e . 58 
” petaurista . 58 


diana. - 59 
Genus Cercocebus— 
Cercocebus fuliginosus . - 59 
Genus Macacus— 


Macacus sinicus . F - 59 
»  Pileatus . 2 - 61 
» cynomolgus - 61 
» var. carbonarius . 64 


» Silenus , ‘ - 6 
»  Yhesus . - 6 
»  assamensis 


>>  leoninus & a Ht 
>» nemestrinus . . 72 
»»  arctoides. . « 74 
>» maarous . . 76 
ooreatus. ww 7 

Genus Cynopithecus— 
Cynopithecus niger 78 


xii INDEX. 


Paag. 


III.—Sub-Family CrnocEPHatinz. 


Genus Cynocephalus— 
Cynocephalus hamadryas . 80 
Se doguera = . Sl 
5 porcarius 5 OL 
FF maimon . . 82 


II.—Sub-Order Phatygruint. 
I.—Family Crpipz. 


Genus Mycetes— 


Mycetes ursinus . 6 . 82 
»  seniculus. : . 82 
»  palliatus. i . 88 
Genus Ateles— 
Ateles ater . ‘ . 83 
o» pamiscus . ‘ « 83> 
geoffroyi . % . 83 
»  chuva, : » 7. 84 
Genus Cebus— 
Cebus flavus. - : . 84 
» capucinus . ¥ » 85 
» hypoleucus . ‘ . 85 
Genus Nyctipithecus— 
Nyctipithecus felinus . . 85 
Genus Pithecia— 
Pithecia nocturna . : . 86 
is satanas . F . 86 
Genus Chrysothrix— 
Chysothrix sciurea : . 86 


IIL.—Family Hapatipz. 


Genus Hapale— 
Hapale jacchus . ‘ . 87 
»  penicillata. : . 88 
» pygmea . ‘ . 88 
»  Yosalia . . 88 
»  cdipus . . - 88 
» leucopus . : - 89 
» ursula, 3 - 89 


IL—Orprr PROSIMIA. 
I—Family Lemvripz. 
I.—Sub-Family Lemvrinz. 


Genus Lemur— 
Lemur catta. ° . 90 


Page, 

Lemur varius : é . 91 
>» macaco ., . . 91 

»  albifrons . A . 92 

»  collaris . P . 92 

»  Nnigrifrons . 3 . 92 

» Mmongoz . : - 93 

II.—Sub-Family Inpgisinz. 


Genus Propithecus— 


Propithecus diadema . » 93 
Genus Indris— 
Indris brevicaudatus  . » 94 


I.—Family Nycricepipz. 
I—Sub-Family Nycticesinz. 


Genus Nycticebus— 
Nycticebus tardigradus . - 94 
a var. Cinerea . 95 
oy var. malaiana . 95 
var. javanica . 9% 
Genus Loris— 


Loris gracilis ie one OF 
II.—Sub-Family Gataconinz. 
Genus Galago— 
Galago senegalensis . - 98 
% garnetti . P . 98 


Iil.—Family Tarsirpz. 
I.—Sub-Family Tazsinz. 


Genus Tarsius— 
Tarsius spectrum , 2 - 99 


III.—Orprr CHIROPTERA. 
I.—Sub-Order MegacHrRoprera. 
I.—Family Preropopipz, 
I.-—Group Prerort. 


Genus Pteropus— 


Pteropus poliocephalus . . 99 
6 redricensis . . 100 
55 edulis. > - 100 
sa medius . é . 101 


a var, assamensis . 102 - 


INDEX, xili 
Paa@u. Paas. 
Pteropus nicobaricugs . . 102 Phyllorhina diadema - 115 
7 keraudrenii . . 103 #3 var. masont - 115 
Genus Cynonycteris— a's nicobarensis - 115 
Cynonycteris amplexicaudata. 1038 % galerita . . 116 
55 minor. . 104 3 speoris . 116 
33 collaris . 104 5 larvata . 117 
Genus Cynopterus— i. bicolor 117 
Cynopterus marginatus . 104 3 var. fulva. . 118 
5 scherzeri . . 106 5 var. amboinensis. 119 

Fr brachysoma . 106 Genus Ceelops, Blyth—. 


II.—Group Macroatossi. 


Genus Eonycteris— 
- Eonycteris spelea . ‘i . 106 
Genus Macroglossus— 

Macroglossus minimus . . 107 


II.—Sub-Order Microcu1RoPrEra. 
_ L—Family Rainotopuipz. 
I.—Sub-Family RainoLopHina, 


Genus Rhinolophus— 
Rhinolophus celophyllus . 107 


+ luctus. . 107 
3 trifoliatus . 108 
‘9 mitratus . . 108 
% euryotis . . 108 
i pearsonil . . 109 
* macrotis . . 109 
3 affinis . . 109 
ie andamanensis . 110 
- petersii . 110 
55 minor . . 110 
es garoensis . . 110 
ao euryale . . 111 
9 hipposideros. , 111 
aa ferrum-equinum 111 
59 capensis « . 112 
s Ps « li® 
Bs Pa - 112 


Il.—Sub-Family PHyLiorwinine. 


Geaus Trienops— 
_ ‘Trigenops persicus 
Genus Phyllorhina— 
Phyllorhina tridens =. . 113 


. 112 


a var. murraiana. 113 
0 tricuspidata 2 113 
55 stoliczkana . 114 
8 artnigera 114, 


”  Teptophylla —-.:114 


Coelops frithii - 119 


II.—Family Nycreripz, 
I.—Sub-Family MraapERMaTinz, 


Genus Megaderma— 
Sub-Genus Lyroderma— 
Megaderma lyra 
35 spasma . 


. 120 
. 121 


II.—Sub-Family Nycrerinz. 
Genus Nycteris— 
Nycteris javanica 
»  thebaica. 


. 122 
- 122 
Til.—Family VesPertrLionipa. 


I.—Group PLecott, 
Genus Nyctophilus— 


Nyctophilus timoriensis . 122 
Genus Synotus— 
Synotus dargelingensis . 123 
Genus Plecotus— 
Plecotus auritus . 3 . 123 
II.—-Group VESPERTILIONES. 
Genus Vesperugo— 
Sub-Ge:us Vesperus— 
Vesperugo serotinus 124 
andersoni . 124 
ss nasutus . 125 
Fe atratus is 125 
i discolor é 125 
2 pachyotis . 126 
5 pachypus 126 
Sub-Genus Vesperugo— 
. noctula « ,« 126 
A leisleri . : . 127 
34 imbricatus . . 127 
1 maurus . . 127 
a affinis . é 128 
se pipistrellus . 128 


xiv 
‘Paae 
Vesperugo abramus . 129 
a kuhlii. =. =). 181 
annectens . 132 
Sub-Genus Hesperopterus— 
Vesperugo tickelli 3 . 132 
blanfordi . . 183 
Genus Chalinolobus— 
Chalinolobus gouldii . 133 
Genus Scotophilus— 
Sub-Genus Scotophilus— 
Scotophilus temminckii. - 133 


ri var-heathii . 5 
Sub-Genus Scoteinus— 


Scotophilus emarginatus . 136 
4 pallidus. . 137 
Sub-Geaus Scotomanus— 
Scotophilus ornatus . 187 
Genus Nycticejus— 
Nycticejus crespuscularis . 188 
Genus Haipiocephalus— 
Harpiocephalus suillus . . 138 
“ -harpia . . 138 
$9 cyclotis . 139 
Genus Vespertilio— ~ 
Sub-Genus Leuconoé— 
Vespertilio hasseltii . » 139 
er adversus « BO 
95 longipes ‘ - 139 
5 dasycneme . . 140 
daubentonii . 140 
Sub.Genus Vespertilio— 
Vespertilio nipalensis . 140 
iw emarginatus . 140 
oe var. desertorum . 141 
me nattereri . . 141 
35 murinus . 141 
as murinoides . . 141 
ie formosus  . . 142 
35 montivagus . . 142 
33 muricola . 142 
os dobsoni . 143 
mystacinus . . 144 
Genus Kerivoula— 
Kerivoula picta . 7 . 144 
5 hardwickii . . 145 
9 lanosa . » 145 
IT.—Group Mrytorrekrti. 
Genus Miniopterus— 
Miniopterus schreibersii. . 145 
5 var. a. é . 146 


IV.—Family EmBaLLonvgipz. 


INDEX, 


Paau, 
I—Sub-Family EmpatLonuging, 


I.—Group EMBALLONURE. 


Genus Taphozous— 
Sub-Genus Taphozous— 


Taphozous melanopogon 146 
5 theobaldi . 147 
6 longimanus . 147 
35 nudiventris 148 


var. kachhensis ; 
Sub- Genus Taphonycteris— 


Taphozous perforatus 148 
3s saccoleamus . 149 
eo affinis . . 149 
II.—Group Rurnopomata. 
Genus Rhinopoma— 

Rhinopoma microphylluam . 149 
II.—Sub-Family Monossinz, 
I.—Group Motosst. 

Genus Cheiromeles— 
Cheiromeles torquatus . - 150 
Genus Nyctinomus— 
Sub-Genus Nyctinomus— 
Nyctinomus cestonii . 150 
3 tragatus . 150 
5 plicatus . . 151 
i ee . 151 
raziliensis . 161 


VI.—Family Poytiostomipm. 
I—Sub-Family Paytiostominz. 
I.—Group STENODERMATA. 

Genus Artibeus— 


Sub-Genus Artibeus— 


Artibeua perspicillatus . . 152 


IV.—Ozrprz INSECTIVORA. 
I.—Family GaLEorirHEcipz. 


Genus Galeopithecus— 


Galeopithecus volans . . 152 


II.—Family Toparpz. 
I.—Sub-Family- Tupaunz, 
Genus Tupaia— 


Tapaia ellioti . . 153 


INDEX. xv 


; Paaa. 
Tupaia belangeri . . 154 
33 chinensis . . . 155 

»  ferruginea. j . 156 

»  Malaccana. 3 . 156 

» tana ‘i ‘ - 156 

»  _Dicobarica. ‘ . 157 


II.—Sub-Family Hytomyin a. 


Genus Hylomys— 


Hylomys peguensis « 157 


III.—Family Errwacerpa. 
I.—Sub-Family Gymnuginz. 


. Genus Gymnura— 
Gymuura rafilesii 
i var. candida . 


. 158 
. 158 


II.—Sub-Family Ezinackina, - 
Genus Erinaceus— 


Erinaceus europeus ss. . 158 
a micropus . 159 
33) pictus . . 159 
5 grayi . ; . 160 
a auritus. F . 162 
- megalotis . 163 
35 macracanthus . 164 
3 jerdoni . 165 


IV.—Family Centeripz. 


Genus Ericulus— 


Ericulus setosus . . . 166 
Genus Centetes— 
Centetes ecaudatus % . 166 


Genus Hemicentetes— 
Hemicentetes madagascariensis166 


V.—Family CHRYsocHLoRIDZ. 


Genus Chrysochloris— 
Chrysochloris rutilans . 
is damarensis 


- 167 
. 167 


VI.—Family Tatrrpz. 


Genus Rhinaster— 
Rhinaster cristatus 5 - 167 


Paas. 
Genus Talpa— 
Talpa europea. - 168 
»  Micrura . . . 168 
»  leucura P ; . 170 


VII.—Family Sortcrpz. 
I—Sub-Family AnvRrosoRicinz. 


Genus Anurosores— 
Anurosorex assamensis . . 171 


II.—Sub-Family Crocipvurinz. 


Genus Crocidura= 
Sub-Genus Pachyura— ; 
Crocidura cerulescens . . 171 
" var. fulvocinerea . 178 


55 var. sindensis .179 
i beddomii. . 179 
5 murina. ° 180 
5 swinhoei 5 . 184 
3 bidiana ‘ . 185 
es macrotis . 186 
35 perrottetii . . 188 
35 travancorensis . 189 
ne rubicunda . 190 
ei subfulva : . 192 

montana F . 193 


Sub-Genus Crocidura— 


Crocidura pygmeoides . . 194 
3 rubricosa . 196 
. fuliginosa- . . 197 
ss retusa " . 199 


se kelaarti ‘i 
es myoides : . 200 


IJI.—Sub-Family Sorrornz. 


Genus Sorex— 
Sorex alpinus : ‘ - 201 
», vulgaris 5 . . 201 
» pygmeus . A . 201 
Genus Soriculus— 


Soriculus nigrescens 204 

3 caudatus 206 
Genus Crossopus— 

Crossopus fodiens . 207 


IV.—Sub-Family Crossopinz. 


Genus Chimarrogale— 


Chimarrogale himalaica . 208 


MAMMALIA. 


I.—Orper PRIMATES. 


I.—Sus-Orper CATARRHINI. 
I.—Famity HOMINIDA. 


IL—Genus HOMO, Linn., 1766. 


II.—Famity SIMIIDZ. 


I.—Svus-Famity SIMIINA., 


Genus ANTHROPOPITHECUS, Blainville, 1839. 


1. Anthropopithecus troglodytes. 


Simia troglodytes, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat., vol. i, 1788, p. 26. 

Troglodytes niger, Geoff, Ann. du Mus., t. xix, 1812, p. 87. 

Simia pan, Donovan, Naturalist’s Repos., no. 19, 1823-27. 

Troglodytes leucoprymnus, Lesson, Iilust. Zool., pl. 212, 1831. 

Anthropopithecus troglodytes, Blainville, Legons Orales, 1839. 

Satyrus lagaros, Mayer, Wiegm. Arch., 1856, p. 282. 

Troglodytes calvus, Du Chaillu, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. viis. 
1861, p. 296. 

Troglodytes kooloo-kamba, Du Chaillu, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 
vol. vii, 1861, p. 358. 

Troglodytes tschego, Duvernoy, Arch. du Mus., t. viii, 1861, p. 15. 

Troglodytes vellerosus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 181. 

Mimetes troglodytes, Gray, Cat. Monkeys ¢& Lemurs, B. M., 1870, 


p. 6. 

The Chimpanzee. 

Hab. West Africa. 

la. A stuffed specimen of a young male, probably about 
18 months old, No. 2A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by 
A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1844. 


2 MAMMALIA. 


6. A natural skeleton of a young individual. Presented 
by Edward Blyth, Esq., 1864. 

ce. An adolescent male in alcohol. By exchange with 
British Museum, 14th June 1877. 


2, Anthropopithecus gorilla. 


Troglodytes gorilla, Savage, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. v, 1847, 
p. 417, pls. xl-xliii. 

Troglodytes savagei, Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1848, p.29. 

Gorilla gina, Is. Geoff. St. Hil., Arch. du Mus., t. viii, 1855-56, 
pp. 1 ef seq. 


The Gorilla. 
Hab. Gaboon, West Africa, 


2a. A cast of the skull of an adult male. Presented by 
Edward Blyth, Esq., May 1864. 

6, A cast of the skull of an adult female. Presented by 
Edward Blyth, Esq., May 1864. 


e. A cast of the skull of a young female. Presented by 
Edward Blyth, Esq., May 1864, 


Genus SIMIA, Cuv. & Geoff., 1795. 


3. Simia satyrus. 


Borneosche orang-outang or pongo, Wurmb. Verhandl., Batav. Genoot- 
schap, d. ii, 1786, p. 245. 


Singe de Wurmb, Audebert, Singes et Makis., Fam. I, 1797, p. 18, 
Tab. Anat., fig. 3. : 

Simia satyrus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 34. 

Papio wurmbii, Latr., Singes Fam. I, 180], p. 196. 

Pithecus satyrus, Geoff, Ann. du Mus., t. xix, 1812, p- 88, partim. 

Simia wurmbii, Fischer, Syn. Mamm., 1829, p. 32, partim. 

Simia morio, Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., vol. ii, 1841, p. 168, 
pls. 33 & 34, 92 skull; Blyth, Journ. As. Soe. Beng., vol. xxii, 
1853, p. 371, pls. vii & viii, 2 skull. 


Pithecus brookei, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc., vol. xxii, 1853, p. 375. 
Pithecus owenii, Blyth, op. cit., p. 375. 


Pithecus curtus, Blyth, op. cit., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 527. 
The Orang-outang of Borneo. 
‘Hab. Borneo. 


3a. A stuffed adult male,! its skull, and the bones of its 
trunk. The bare cheeks are enormously outwardly enlarged, 


1 This specimen was received at the Museum immediately after death (during. 
my absence from India), but it is to be regretted that no observations or 


SIMIA. 3 


the skin of the face and of the great bare area on the 
guttural sacks being livid black. The skin of the face is 
sparsely covered with short red hairs, and the forehead also 
is almost naked. The sides of the upper lip and the 
chin are clad with long bright maroon-red hairs. The hair 
on the middle of the head, immediately behind the fore- 
head, is rather short, while that over the temporal and parie- 
tal regions is long and directed forwards. On the rest of the 
head the hair is dark maroon-black, this colour also extending 
round the sides of the neck and on to the throat. Between the 
shoulders the colour is more rufous, whilst down the back it is 
almost as dark as the head, the sides being also maroon-red, 
as well as the shoulders, the arms being almost red, and thus 
paler than every other part of the body. The lower portions 
of the thorax and the abdomen are dark maroon-red. The 
legs are almost as pale as the arms. The hair on the body 
generally and on the limbs is very long, measuring as much 
as 13 to 14 inches. 

The skull has a well-developed sagittal and lambdoidal 
ridge, and the orbital ridges are also well marked, and the 
malo-maxillary area is broad. The facial portion slopes well 
forwards, also the interorbital area, in which the nasals are 
tolerably well developed. The orbits are large and more or 
less rounded. The canines are large, and their ridges very 
prominent. The dentition is complete, and the molars are 
large, and also the front upper incisors, which, however, are 
much ground down. The palate is oblong and deep. The 
lower jaw is very powerful and heavy, and the canines are 
large. The right tooth, however, is broken across, but its 
root is so long that it is visible on the lower aspect of the 
symphysis. 

This Orang, as stated by its donor, Mr. Rutledge, arrived 
at Singapore in a native craft from Borneo, along with 
some other Orangs. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 8th 
November 1880. ; 

6. A flat skin and skull of a young male. This specimen 
in life had the cheek swellings partially developed. The 
hair on the head is much the same as in the previous male 
as regards colour and distribution, but is somewhat shorter. 
The skin of the face is sparsely covered with short red hairs, 


measurements were reeorded, beyond that the huge face measured nearly 14 
inches across. The skeleton, with the bones of trunk and of the hind limbs, 
still ligamentary, measures 4 feet 4 inch from the vertex to the under 
surface of the os calcis in a straight line, although the thoracic portion of the 
vertebral column is much curved, 


4 MAMMALIA. 


but the red moustache and beard are only beginning to 
show. The general distribution of colour is much the 
same as in the previous animal, with the exception of the 
arms, which are dark maroon-brown; and the hair about 
the nates and on the sides is more rufous than in the preceding 
animal. The following are some of the measurements of this 
individual :— 


in. 
Heel to vertex . a ‘ : : - 36°25 
Stretch of arms to middle finger . -  « 64°50 


Head of femur to heel . ‘ ae ~ 14°75 


The skull measures 6”95 from the occiput to the anterior 
border of the premaxillary, with a width across the zygoma of 
4°75, and a maximum parietal width of 47-12. The milk 
canines and incisors are still present, but the front upper incisors 
can be seen in their sockets to be very broad and large teeth, 
the two permanent molars that are through being also very 
large. There is as yet no trace whatever of a sagittal ridge, 
and the temporal ridges from the orbits are still 3 inches apart 
on the vertex. The orbits are moderately large and rounded, 
and the interorbital area is nearly vertical, the nasals being 
smal]. The muzzle is broad and directed forwards, almost 
at right angles to the interorbital surface. The symphysis 
of the lower jaw is deep. The front lower incisors are 
through and serrated, and the penultimate molar is ap- 
pearing through the alveolus. Purchased, 28th July 1879. 

e. A young male in alcohol and its skull. In life it present- 
ed distinct indications of cheek swellings, although it had only 
its milk teeth. The general colour was dark maroon. It 
was a heavily-built animal, with shorter fingers than the 
generality of Orangs of its age. The following were its 
measurements :— 


ft. in. 

Height, erect,—heel to vertex a . 2 1:50 
Outstretched arms x a - 3 420 
$ legs. F F . 4 . 2 775 
Head of humerus to tip of middle finger . 1 6:00 
Length of middle finger . . : ‘ 5 . O 2°40 
» of hind extremity to tip of middle toe . 1 2-75 

» of middle toe . . ‘ i A - 0 197 

>» of hand - O 550 

» of foot. ‘ . . 6 P . O 650 
Vent to vertex . - < % ‘ - - 1 550 


Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 2nd June 1877. 
This specimen in the colour of its hair more resembled the form 


SIMIA.». 5 


which appears not to have cheek swellings, but in its squat, 
powerful build and short fingers it was evidently not that race, 

d. The skin and skull. of an adolescent male. This speci- 
men is nearly uniformly coloured dark maroon, darkest. 
on the head and ferruginous on the back of the thighs, mou- 
stache and beard. The hair is long, with the exception of that on 
the middle of the head, but the direction of the hair on this 
region and external to it is the same as in the adult animal first 
described. The moustache and beard are only partially de- 
veloped. The face is sparsely covered with short red hairs. 
The cheeks did not present any trace of swellings. 

The milk canines are still present, and there is no trace ex- 
ternally of the permanent teeth. The front pair of the upper 
permanent incisors are fully through, and the outer incisor of 
the right side is also present, but its fellow of the opposite 
side is only appearing. The penultimate molar had been in 
full functional activity. The front incisors are very broad and 
the molars are very large. The palate is long, broad, and 
deep. The orbits are small and round, but flattened above, 
and the interorbital area slopes slightly forwards, and 
the maxille are much forwardly directed. From the upper 
margin of the nasals to the anterior border of the foramen 
magnum is 4:05, and from the latter point to the anterior 
margin of the premaxille measures 5’°66. As yet there is no 
sagittal ridge, the ridges being only feeble raised lines, separ- 
ated. from each other by more than two inches. This character, 
however, in a male Orang skull is only an indication of youth, 
whereas it is a characteristic feature of the more delicately 
formed female skul!. The skull presents a depression near 
the upper border of the left parietal, and another on the right 
orbit, but similar depressions of this nature are better illus- 
trated in one of the succeeding adult skulls. Presented by 
the Zoological Gardetis, Caleutta, 29th April 1880. 

e. A stuffed nearly adult female with its skull and hyoid 
bone, and the uterus in aleohol. The hair is long and dark 
maroon, approaching to blackish on the body generally, but on: 
the back of the thighs it is a pallid ferruginous. The hair on 
the head is long and directed forwards, longest in the temporal 
region, and the face is sparsely covered witb short hairs. The 
moustache is only very feebly indicated, and also the beard. 
This animal lived for about one year and a balf in the Zoological 
Gardens,. Calcutta, and at its death it measured 3 feet 8°50 
inches from its heel to the vertex, and the stretch of its arms 
was 6 feet 4 inches. The skull has very much the same form 
as in the preceding male. The skulls so closely resemble each 


6 MAMMALIA. 


other that the specific identity of the two animals seems highly 
probable. This female skull has the same large upper front 
incisors, but its first and second molars are smaller than in the 
foregoing male, but the two palates have much the same form. 
The last molars of this female are through the alveolus, but not 
yet on a level with the other molars. The orbits are larger 
than in the foregoing male, and are slightly forwardly oval, 
The interorbital area has much the same slope as in the preced- 
ing male skull, and the facial portion about the same forward 
direction. From the upper margin of the nasals to the inferior 
border of the foramen magnum measures 3°70 inches, and from 
the latter point to the tip of the premaxilla is 5-30 inches. 
The temporal ridges are far apart. 

In the lower jaw there is the peculiarity of the complete 
absence of the last molar on the left side. 

The hyoid: on the basihyal end of the right thyrohyal 
there is a large hook-shaped process, which in the other basihyal 
assumes the form of a bullate hooked pointed epiphysis. It is 
in no way connected with the basihyal, and when the right 
thyrohyal is viewed from below this hook-shaped body appears 
only as a backwardly and upwardly projecting process, whereas 
on the left side it appears asan epiphysis; viewed from above, 
the basihyal end of the right thyrohyal is seen to have been 
composed of the hook-shaped process described, and an inter- 
mediary portion amalgamated on the under surface; on the 
left side the same structure is observed. It would thus 
appear that there are cerato and epiphyals so approximated 
in their position on the basihyal as to amalgamate with the 
thyrohyal; on the same stand with this is exhibited the 
partially ossified thyroid cartilage. Presented by the Zoologi- 
cal Gardens, Calcutta, 8th April 1879. 

J. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of an 
adolescent male. This animal in external appearance is com- 
parable with d,as the hair in colour and distribution is the 
same, the skin of the face of d being only a little more hairy. 
This latter character, however, can be explained: the animal died 
in the month of December, the second cold season it had lived 
in Calcutta, and it is probable that the increased amount of 
hair on the face was due to climate. 

Although there is such a close resemblance externally — 
between the animals, the skulls are remarkably different. 
This skull has large upper incisors, but smaller than those 
of d, as are also its molars. The orbits are much lareer and 
more open, and without any flattening above ; the interorbital 
area is longer, and not so forwardly sloped, and the muzzle is not 


SIMIA. 7 


so broad, these differences being probably due to the effects of 
confinement, as the previous specimen d was only a few months 
in captivity before it died, whereas this animal was nearly three 
years in confinement and at a period when its teeth would have 
doubtless attained a greater development had it been in a state 
of nature.1 The brain case, althcugh not so high as in it, is 
fuller and broader. The last molar is not visible, and the outer 
upper incisors and the canines, above and below, are only 
coming through. The parietal ridges are mere lines, far apart. 
From the upper margin of the nasal to the anterior border of 
the foramen magnum measures 3-55, and the length from the 
incisor border of the premaxillaries to the foramen magnum is 
57°10, 

Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 23rd Decem- 
ber 1879. 

g- The skin and skull of an adolescent female. Dark 
maroon, darkest on the head and arms, ferruginous on the 
back of the thighs. The hair is long, and directed forwards 
on the head, as in the previous examples, which it closely 
resembles. 

The skull is like that of e, but the muzzle is not so 
forwardly projected. From the upper end of the nasal to the 
foramen magnum is 3”°70, and from the latter to the front of 
the premaxillary measures 5”°40. The temporal ridges are 
far apart. The incisors are large, but not quite so large as in 
that skull. The permanent upper incisors are appearing, and 
the last molar is visible through a small opening in the alveolus. 
The molars are not quite so large as in e. 

The atlas is firmly anchylosed to the skull at the condyles 
on both sides, and on the left side the bone is amalgamated 
with the skull at the condyle and along nearly one-half of the 


1 This animal, after living in the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, for about 
18 months, was suddenly deprived, by death, of the female (e), who had 
been his constant but distanc companion during that period. Her death 
affected him much, as it did also the young female who had been reared by her, 
and who was believed to be her child. ‘The male appeared to pine and used to 
sit outside, on the top of the large house in which they were kept, looking in the 
direction in which the dead body of his companion had been carried away. 
During the day he could not be induced to go into his house for shelter. from 
the blazing sun. The result was, that one very hot day, in the end of April, he 
came down from his look-out in a dazed condition, apparently blind and 
staggering. He neverrallied, and at last he became paralysed and died 7 
months afterwards, 

The young female, when her supposed parent, but if not so, tender foster- 
mother, was carried away dead, exhibited all the signs of deep grief, emitting a 
wailing sound, but no tears, attempting to follow the body, and, when driven 
back, crying and rolling on the ground in a-paroxysm of grief. 


8 MAMMALIA. 


basi-occipital, the foramen for the front pair of nerves being 
almost wholly obliterated on that side, whereas two large fora- 
mina occur on the anterior and external aspect at the front, 
where the atlas has coalesced with the condyle at the skull. 

The mamme and teats of this animal were greatly enlarged, 
and it was stated that she had given birth to a young one on 
the voyage up to Calcutta from Singapore. Mr. Fraser, who _ 
examined this Orang at its death, has recorded in the Museum. 
Register that she had distinct indications of cheek swellings. 

Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 10th August 1880. 

h. A stuffed adult female, its skull and the bones of its 
trunk. This female exactly resembled the female e in its 
dark maroon, almost blackish long hair, directed forwards on. 
the head. The face, like the foregoing, was blackish in life, 
and the eyes were small and brown, and no white sclerotic was 
visible. It was received in Calcutta, nursing a very young 
animal, said to have been its own child, and which is separately 
described. 

The orbits are large and erectly oval. The interorbital area 
slopes forwards, as in the previous skulls, but the nasal area 3 
is not nearly so depressed as in them, and the muzzle is longer. 
From the upper end of the nasals, to the anterior border of the 
foramen magnum, is 3”°50, and from the latter to the tip of the 
maxillary, measures 5”°20. No temporal ridges, beyond a faint 
line on each side, indicating the attachment of the muscle 
and posteriorly converging on the parietals to within 0735 of 
each other. The front upper incisors are much smaller than 
in the foregoing skull, and the molars are also less, and the 
palate is deeper. In the lower jaw there is a well-developed 
supernumerary molar on each side. 

This individual had doubtless spent all its days in a wild 
state, dying shortly after its capture. Presented by W 
Rutledge, Esq., 7th April 1877. 

?. The flat skin and skeleton of the young of the previous 
individual. The hair on the body was sparse and bright ferru- 
ginous; dark maroon on the head, and long and directed 
forwards. 

This animal had cut only its first incisors and first bicuspids 
in the upper jaw. The fontanelle is closed, but the remains 
of the almost obliterated suture form a permanent raised line. 
This young animal died the same day as its mother. Present- 
ed by W. Rutledge, Esq., 7th April 1877. 

yj. The skin and skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult 
female like the preceding adult, but with somewhat shorter 
hair. The skull has all its teeth, but it is much smaller than 


SIMIA, 9 


e,g, and 2, Its incisors are very much smaller than those of 
either e or g, but the incisors of 2 are so much ground down 
that their original dimensions can only be guessed at, but they 
appear to have been about the size of those of this specimen. 
The muzzle, however, of 4 is very much larger than the muzzle 
of this skull and measures 2”°50 across, while this muzzle is 
only 2”-11 and very much shorter. The muzzle of ¢ is 2”50, 
while that of g, in which the canines are only partially through, 
"is as much as 2”-40. The orbits of this specimen resemble those 
of g, but differ greatly in appearance from the vertically elon- 
gated orbits of 4, which are 1”-85 in vertical height as compared 
with 17-50 in this individual. These few details suffice to 
show how great is the individual variation among the skulls of 
Orangs, the animals of which were apparently identical in life. 

There is a well-marked indentation on the left half of 
the parietal, and a long rugosity on the temporal ridge of that 
side. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 3rd March 1879. 

k. A stuffed female: general colour as in the previous 
females; wiz., dark maroon, but with short and somewhat 
sparse hair, probably due to the effects of confinement. Pre- 
sented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 12th January 1870. 

“. The flat skin and skeleton of a young male, dark 
maroon like the preceding animals. Although this Orang had 
cut only its first molar teeth below and above, its skull is as 
long as the female skull y, which conveys some idea of the great 
difference in size between the sexes. The general appearance 
of a male skull at this period is that of a female, there being 
no muscular ridges developed beyond the feeble temporal ridges, 
which are far apart. The orbits of this skull are large and 
obliquely placed ovals. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 3rd 
March 1879. 

m, A young male, in alcohol, with no trace of cheek excres- 
cences, a rather large head, with a broad and deep muzzle, and 
with short and rather sparse hair. The hair short on the 
head, and deep maroon throughout. Presented by W. Rut- 
ledge, Esq., 20th March 1879. 

n, The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male, 
General colour maroon, passing into bright ferruginous on the 
back, and still lighter on the back of the thighs, and darkest 
on the head and arms. The hair is long and distributed 
in the same way as in the foregoing animals, from which 
this individual differs only in its brighter colour, paler face, 
and fleshy colour around the eyes and about the mouth. This 
colouration of the face has distinguished, more or less, all the 
young Orangs that have passed under my observation,—they 


10 MAMMALIA. 


exceed one hundred in number,—but as age advances the colour 
becomes darker, and the pale hue is entirely lost. 

The first molar is through in both jaws, and it is large; and 
the other two are visible behind it. No ridges have formed. 
Extreme length of skull, occiput to front of premaxillaries, 
7°05. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., Ist March 1876. 

o. A young stuffed male like previous specimen: described 
by Mr. Blyth in a footnote! as No. 5, but not entered in his 
Catalogue. No history. 

p. Ayoung stuffed male like the preceding specimen, No. 4B 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, 
Bahadur, 1859. 

q. The flat skin and skeleton of a young male like the pre- 
ceding specimens. Total length of the skull 6’-95; same age 
of dentition as in the last individual. Presented by W. 
Rutledge, Esq., 26th June 1875. 

rv. The skull, and skin of the head, of a young male. The 
skin of the head has been kept on account of the great length 
of thehair, Theskull resembles the last skull, but the orbits 
are smaller and more rounded. ‘The first and second molars 
are through, and the first upper incisor of the left side is 
nearly fully displayed, while the adjoining teeth are partially 
through. This skull in its dentition is of the same age as 
the skull of the dark-coloured male (¢) with very large front 
upper incisors, but the total length of this skull is only 6”-73, 
as compared with 77-60 in the skull d. Its breadth also is 
very much less, as it measures across the zygoma only 4750 
to 4°98 in d. The great differences that exist between the 
dimensions of these skulls are also shown in the length of the 
palate, which is 27-95 long in d, and only 2:50 in this skull. 
This animal was smaller in every way than the male d, and, 
like it, had no cheek swellings. This small Orang, however, 
cannot well be the Mias hassir, for one of the characters of that 
supposed species is its large incisors and molars, a distinctive 
feature of the larger of these two Orangs, viz., of No. 3 d, 
and it is not probable that three species of Orang exist. Iam, 
therefore, disposed to regard these differences only as individual, 
and there can be no doubt that they are very great, but not 
greater than the differences in dimensions of skull, and in the 
size of teeth, that exist among individuals of the various races 
of men. The next skull reveals also even greater differences 
of dimensions than in the case under consideration. Pre- 
sented by W. Rutledge, Esq., lst June 1880. 


1 Journ. As, Soc., Vol. XXII, p, 378, No. 5. 


SIMIA. ll 


s. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male 
of exactly the same external characters as the two previous 
animals, but with the skull very different from m. It has high 
oval orbits, but little concavity in the nasal region, whereas in 
the skull of m there is considerable concavity, and the orbits are 
more rounded, and the interorbital region more vertical than in 
this skull, which is also not nearly so full and rounded as in 
the parietal region. Although they are of the same age as 
regards their teeth, the skull measures only 6-77, whereas m 
is 705. The first molar is also considerably larger than the 
corresponding teeth of m. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 
19th May 1877. 

t. A stuffed young female, No.’ 4C of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

No history. 
‘a. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young 
male, exactly like mando. Milk dentition, but with the first 
molar through. Total length of skull 6’25. Molars large. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd December 1878. 

v. The flat skin and skeleton of a young male. The hair 
in its colour and distribution is the same as in the preceding 
individuals. The total length of the skull is 6’:20. The 
first and second molars are already through, but the latter 
only partially, and the upper permanent front incisors are also 
present. They are 0’°59, broad, but not so large as the in- 
cisors of the male d. The molars are not so large as those of 
0, whereas its incisors are a little broader than the incisors of 
o, and, as in it, are much serrated. Presented by W. Rutledge, 
Esq., lst June 1880. 

w. The skin, skull, and bones of a young male, First mo- 
lar through. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 19th May 
1877. ; 

a, The flat skin and skeleton of a young male of the same 
character as the preceding young specimens. Milk dentition. 
Purchased, 20th October 1875. 

y. The flat skin and skeleton of a young male, the same as 
in the foregoing individual. Milk dentition. Presented by 
W. Rutledge, Esq., 8th November 1880. _ 

z. A stuffed young male like the preceding example. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd February 1874. 

aa. A stuffed young male resembling the foregoing. Pre- 
sented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 7th September 1870. 

ob. The skin and skeleton of an adult female, Nos. 4 
D and E of Blyth’s Catalogue, exactly like the foregoing 
male m. This animal, which had lived 12 years in con- 
finement, was described by Blyth as a new species, P. 


12 MAMMALIA. 


owenit,t but in his Catalogue,? published afterwards, he 
regarded it as 8. morio, but it has small front incisors. 
Moreover, the skull has not the form of the female skull 
of ferine Orangs, and Iam disposed to regard its shape as 
abnormal, and the effects of a life of captivity. Presented 
by J. Apcar, Esq., 1546. 

ce. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young 
female, having long dark maroon hair on the head, belly and 
limbs, and bright ferruginous on the sides, back, and hinder 
aspect of the thighs. The face dusky brown, with a pale area 
around the eyes and mouth : the same as the preceding female 
in the colour and length of its hair, and agreeing in all its 
details with the male m. The first molar is through, one 
upper incisor (left) and the two lower incisors, the latter being 
especially strongly serrated, there being one mesial eminence 
to the serrated edge, with two smaller ones on either side of 
it, The skull measures 6’-45. Presented by W. Rutledge,. 
Esq., 17th January 1876. 

dd, The flat skin and skeleton of a young female, with ex- 
ternal characters similar to the foregoing females. Skull 6-17 
long. First molar through. Purchased, i8th February 1879, | 

ee. The flat skin and skull of a young female; the exter- 
nal characters the same as the preceding; skull 5”°38 long. 
First molar through. Purchased, 3rd January 1870. . 

Jf. The flat skin and skeleton of a young female, the 
same as the foregoing; skull 5”°50. Milk dentition. Orbits 
very high. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 26th April 
1880. 

. gg. A stuffed young female, the skull not removed, but 
the animal externally inseparable from the foregoing speci-- 
mens. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., lst February 1874. 

Ah, The flat skin and skeleton of a young female with 
milk dentition; the same as the preceding. Purchased, 20th 
October 1569. 

27. The flat skin and skeleton of an individual similar to 
preceding one. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 9th Feb- 
ruary 1874. 

jj» A young male in alcohol, with long hair on the head di- 
rected forwards, and long hair on the body. General colour: 
red, ferruginous on the body, darker on the head. Also more 
hair abont the face thanin m. The muzzle also is smaller, not 
so broad, although the dentition is in much the same state as 


» Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XXII (1853), pp. 37 to 75, pls. 9, 10. 
2 Cat. of Mammals, As. Soc. Mus., 1863, p. 4. 


SIMIA, 13 


in m. The forehead also is higher than in m. Presented by 
W. Rutledge, Esq., 20th March 1879. 

kk, A young ferrnginous female in alcohol. Presented 
by Dr. J. Anderson, 21st January 1867, . 

di. A young female similar to preceding, in alcohol. Pre- 
sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 21st January 1867. 

mm. A young male in aleohol, like preceding specimen. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 4th January 1873. 

an, Theskull of an adult male, Borneo. Regarded by Blyth 
as afemale Md/ias Rambi, No. 3D of his Catalogue, described in 
Journ, As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XXII, page 376, and measure- 
ments given in 3rd column, page 580 ¢@. ¢., and figured in pls. 
lii and iv, being one of the skuils described by Mr. Blyth as 
P. brookei (1. c., page 375). Presented by Major Gregory, 
July 1838, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. VII, page 669. 

coo. A mounted skeleton of an adult male: No. 38E of 
Blyth’s Catalogue: first described by Blyth as a fully mature 
female (?) of the Mias pappan, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 
Vol. XXII, p. 375, and afterwards as a youthful male Pappan, 
op. ctt., Vol. XXIV, p. 519, and in his Catalogue of Mammals, 
p- 3, as an adult male Mias pappan. Borneo. Presented by 
Mr. Wm. Nicholls of Sarawak, 1853. 

pp. An imperfect skeleton of an adult male, considered 
‘by Blyth as a female Mias pappan ; No. 3F of his Catalogue ; 
and described, op. cit., Vol. XXIV, 1855, pp. 518, 525. 
Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. This 
specimen is distinguished by a supernumerary molar and by 
depressions on the skull. The right humerus of this animal 
had been fractured in life, the two ends of the fracture. 
overlapping each other; a great mass of osseous tissue had 
been thrown out around them. ‘The left fibula had also been 
fractured. This specimen has the eleventh rib of the right 
side firmly amalgamated to the vertebra, like a transverse 
process. 

gq. The skeleton of an adult male considered by Blyth 
to be an adolescent male Wias rambi, with very large teeth, all 
the teeth being present and the incisors much worn. The tem- 
poral ridges meet on the vertex in a low ridge, The muzzle 
is heavy and protuberant. Described op. cit., p. 523, No, 8G 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Borneo. Presented by Sir James 
Brooke, C.B., 1855. 

ry. The skeleton of an aged male older than the previous 
specimen and regarded by Blyth as a mature male Mzas 
rambi. No. 8H of his Catalogue, and described op. cit., 
p. 824, It differs in its skull being broader across the malar 


14 MAMMALIA, 


region than the previous specimen, in its protuberant muzzle 
being somewhat narrower, and in its sagittal and lambdoidal 
erests being much more developed. Sadong, Borneo, Pre- 
sented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. 

ss. The skeleton of an adult malesent by Sir James Brooke 
as a Mias chapin, was considered by Blyth to be a large 
old female Raméi, No. 31 of his Catalogue. It is remark- 
able for its large vertically elongated orbits, its rather feeble 
muzzle, and elongated face. The sagittal ridge is less deve- 
loped than in the preceding specimen. Described by Mr. Blyth 
op. cit., p. 521. Sadong, Borneo. Presented by Sir James 
Brooke, C.B., 1855. 

té. The skeleton of an adult male considered by Blyth to be 
a small, but full-grown, female Miae rami, although it had 
been sent as a Mias pappan. No. 33 of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Described op. cit., pp. 522,523. Sadong, Borneo. Presented 
by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. 

uu. The skeleton of a mature male described by Blyth as a 
fully mature female Ramdi, op. cit., p. 523: No. 8K of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Much the same as the previous specimen, 
but with the sagittal crest not developed. In this skeleton the 
twelfth rib of each side is united to its vertebra and resembles 
a transverse process. Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, 
C.B., 1855. 

vv. The skeleton of an adult male; No. 3Q of Blyth’s 
Catalogue: described by Blyth, op. cit., pp. 520, 526, as 
Pithecus cartus. Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, 
C.B., 1855. 

ww. The imperfect skeleton of an adult female, No. 4A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue, described by him as P. morio, in the Journal 
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. XXII, p. 371, plates 
VII and VIII. Very different trom the foregoing male skulls 
in the absence of muscular ridges. It has all the characters of 
the skull figured by Owen as 8. morio: incisor 0”*50 broad, but 
the molars are not large. Skull 7”-40 long. Said to be from 
Borneo. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1836. 

za, The skull of a young animal cutting its permanent 
incisors and second molar. Upper incisors broad, 0’:60, and 
much serrated. Lower incisors very irregularly placed. ~ 
No. 38L of Blyth’s Catalogue. Length of skull 635. ° 
Donor unknown. 

yy. A young skull bisected, No. 8M of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue, retaining deciduary incisors. Length of skull 650. 


1 Trans, Zool. Soc. 1841, Vol, 11, p. 168. 


SIMIA. 15 


zz, The skull of a younger specimen: first molar appear- 
ing. No. 38N of Blyth’s Catalogue. Length of skull 5”-95, 

aaa, The skull of a young animal not in Blyth’s Catalogue. 
pp cenied by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1863. Length 

"22, 

606. The skull of a young animal not in Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Length 67:05. 

ece. The skull, and the brain in alcohol, of a young animal 
with milk teeth and first molar. Skull cap cut away 
to permit of the removal of the brain. Length of skull 6”. 
Purchased, July 1867. 

ddd, The skull of a young animal with the first perma- 
nent molar through. The outer plate of the right maxillary 
and of the mandible has been removed to show the relation 
of the permanent to the deciduary teeth. Length 5”88. No 
history. 

eee. The skull of a young male with milk teeth only. 
Length of skull 5”°52. Purchased, 17th October 1870. 

ff. Theskull of a young male with milk teeth. Length 
5”-43. Purchased, August 1865. 

ggg. The skeleton of a young male with milk dentition. 
Length of skull 540. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq, 
26th June 1875. 

Ahh. The skull of a young animal with milk dentition. 
Length of skull 5”10. Purchased, 5th January 1878. 

iu. A right scaphoid, lunare, unciform, magnum and cunei- 
form, in duplicate, marked 3ww. Left scaphoid, 2 lunare, 
2 unciform, 2 magnum, and 2 cuneiform bones marked 8xx. 

Right caleaneum, astragalus, naviculare, cuboid, cuneiform, 
and ecto-cuneiform, in duplicate, marked 3yy. 

Left calcaneum, astrayalus, naviculare, cuboid, cunei-form, 
and ecto-cuneiform in duplicate marked 3zz. 

2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals of right hand, marked 
3aaa. Ist, drd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals of right hand, 

‘marked 33ps. Right 4th metacarpal, marked 3ccc; right 
3rd metacarpal, marked sppp. Ist to 5th left-metacarpals, 
marked 3uEz. Left Ist and 2nd metacarpals, marked 3rer, 
Left 4th and 5th metacarpals, marked 3ecac. Right meta- 
carpals Ist to 5th, marked 3HnH. Right metacarpals Ist to 
5th, exclusive of 4th, marked 3111. Left metacarpals 1st to 
5th, marked 3335. Left lst to 5th metacarpals, marked 
38KKK. Thirty-one lst phalanges of hands and feet, marked 
3uLL: Thirteen 2nd phalanges of hands and feet, marked 
3mmm. Twenty ungual phalanges of hands and feet, marked 
3nnn. Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. 


16 MAMMALIA, 


jij. A dried right hand. No history. Marked 3000. 

kkk. A preparation of penis of the 3a, displaying the penial 
bone 0°50 in length, situated in the distal end of the 
organ. 


The foregoing seven skeletons from Borneo, presented to 
the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Sir James Brooke, were 
described by Mr. Blyth in 1855, three as males and four as 
females, and he remarked,! “There is no reason to doubt 
the correct determination of sex in any of the specimens.” 
To one, however, conversant with the great differences in 
size and form that exist between the skulls of the two sexes 
of Orangs there is every reason to doubt that any of them are 
females. The skulls of these skeletons are all distinguished 
by the characteristic features of the male sex, great size, 
strong muscular ridges, and huge canines, and all present a 
common likeness to the skull 3a, which is certainly known 
to be the skull of an adult male Orang-outang, which in life 
was distinguished by the enlargement of his cheeks into huge 
bare excrescences. 

The variations presented by these skulls in the extent to 
which the external margins of their orbits are developed, the 
breadth across their orbits, the form of the orbits, the length of 
the muzzle, the degree of concavity of the profile, the zygoma- 
tic breadth, the degree of convergence of the temporal ridges, 
the arch of the frontals and of the parietals, the length, depth, 
and form of the palate, the depth of the symphysis, the height 
and breadth of the ascending ramus of the lower jaw, and the 
dimensions of the teeth, are very great and amply justify 
the application to them of the remark made by Wallace ? re- 
garding the Orangs collected by himself in Borneo, that they 
manifest differences as decided as those existing between the 
most strongly marked forms of the Caucasian and African 
crania in the human species. 

When Mr. Blyth catalogued the mammals in the Museum 
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,® the only two adult female 
Orangs then existing in the collection he referred to the sup- 
posed species S. morio, Owen,* which was founded on a female 
Orang skull, whereas all the males were referred by him to- 
S. satyrus. Two adult, or nearly adult, females have been 


1 Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XXIV, 1855, p. 518; op. cit., p. 628. 
2 Ann. and Mag, Nat. Hist., Vol. VII, 1856, p. 472. 

> Cat. Mamm., As. Soc. Mus., Vol. V, 1863, p. 4. 

* Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1841, Vol, 11, p.168, pls. 33 and 34, 


SIMIA, 17 


added to the Museum since’ then, but all of them have the 
features which distinguish the skull figured by Owen as 
S. morio. Among the other numerous additions which have 
been made towards the illustration of this anthropoid ape, three 
skulls, nearly the name size as the adult female skull and thus 
resembling the skull named 8. morio, are the skulls of ado- 
lescent males, their milk teeth being only partially shed. 
Each of these skulls thus still possessed a great capacity tor 
growth. In four still younger male skulls, nearly equalling 
- in size the adult female skull, but yet with milk incisors and 
canines, the likeness between the sexes, notwithstanding the 
disparity of age, is very great ; the after-diveryence, however, is 
enormous. After a careful and repeated consideration of the 
foregoing specimens, skeletons, and skins, the same conclusion 
has always been arrived at, that these materials are all refer- 
able to one large species of Orang-outang so far as the adult 
males and females, and probably also the adolescents and 
young, are concerned. As indicated above, there would, how- 
ever, appear to be a dark and pale variety. 

Some of the males of the dark race had cheek excres¢ences, 
while others had not, whereas none of the males of the pale 
variety manifested any trace of such facial enlargements. I 
have observed these cheek excrescences beginning to show 
themselves in a baby dark-coloured male Orang, and have also 
seen them in another young male of the same colour, pro- 
bably 6 years of age. . 

In 1841 Sir James Brooke? stated that the Mias rambi. of 
Borneo was taller than the Mias pappan, which is the Bornean 
race provided with cheek excrescences, and that the Ramdz 
was destitute of those structures. Wallace? also mentions 
that the Dyaks of North-Western Borneo have names for 
three species of Mias, although he could never find any 
one who could determine them with precision. The Dyaks 
say that the ‘Dias rambi, which has very long hair, equals 
the Mias chappan or pappan in size, but that it has no cheek 
excrescences. Wallace, however, regarded the Mias rambi as 
probably only rare examples of the large species in which the 
excrescences have been little or at all developed. In the “Malay 
Archipelago” no mention is made of the Mias rami, nor indeed 
of Orangs without cheek excrescences equalling in dimensions 
those provided with these structures : all the Orangs, Wias 


1, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 55. 
2 Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1856, Vol. XVII, p. 475. 


18 MAMMALIA. 


kassir, which had no excrescences, were much smaller animals 
than those which had them and were referred by Wallace to 
8. morio. 

Wallace does not give any detailed description of the skull 
of the males he referred to 8. morio, but he says, “ It is smaller 
and weaker, and the zygomatic arches narrower than in the 
large species; it hasno bony crest, but two faint ridges from 
12 inch to 2 inches apart, exactly as in the 8. morio of Prof. 
Owen, figured in the ‘ Transactions of the Zoological Society,’ 
The teeth, however, are, in proportion to the skull, of immense 
size, equalling, and in one case surpassing, those of the larger 
animals; the molars extending further backward, and the 
incisors and canines being set closely together, room is found 
for them in a,much smaller jaw.” The only skulls in this 
Museum corresponding generally to the foregoing description 
are those of female Orangs. 

One adult male skull, 300, resembling, in size and in the 
development of its zygomatic and orbital ridges, the skull of 
the adult 3@ with cheek excrescences, differs from it and 
resembles §. morio in the temporo-parietal ridges being far 
apart. Although this feature of §. moro occurs in this skull, 
there can be no doubt of the specific identity of the skull with 
the individual 3a or with S. satyrus, and Mr. Blyth records 
that Mr. Nicholls, who presented this Orang to the Asiatic 
Society of Bengal, stated that, if he remembered rightly, the 
skeleton had been given to him as that of a male, full 
grown, but not aged, and with a very broad face—a de- 
scription which evidently indicates that the animal was an 
Orang with cheek excrescences. The non-union of the 
temporo-parietal ridges to form a sagittal ridge would appear 
in the case of male Orangs to be generally a sign that the 
animal had not attained full maturity. This skull has all its 
permanent teeth perfectly fresh and unground, and a few more 
years of masticating activity would probably have brought 
the ridges together. Even in female skulls referable to 
S. morio, the feeble lines indicating the temporal ridges tend 
to meet on the vertex in the fully adult animal, and in one skull 
the ridges are only separated by an interval of 07-40, which, 
in all likelihood, would have disappeared with increased age; 
whereas in a female, with the last molar only cutting the gum, 
these ridges are 0”-50 apart. At the same time, in some cases, 
feeble development of the lower jaw, as pointed out by Mr. 
Wallace, associated with a small zygomatic aperture and a 
large cranial surface, contributes to keep the temporal ridges 


SIMIA. 19 


apart; but these conditions cannot be regarded as the chief 
cause of separated temporal ridges in Orang skulls, and, 
moreover, in the skull 300 they do not exist, and yet the 
ridges are far apart. 

In the old male 3pg, in its general features also resembling 
the skull 3a, the fronto-parietal ridges remain far apart, even 
although the animal is aged. The area, however, between 
the ridges is covered with deep indentations—an abnormal con- 
ae which may have contributed to the non-union of the 
ridges. 

The male skeletons also exhibit almost quite as much 
variation in the length of their long bones as is manifested 
by the skulls, in the particulars already indicated. One is so 
remarkable for the shortness of its limb bones that Mr. Blyth 
at first regarded it as a new species which he designated 
8. curtus, but afterwards, when he had reviewed all the materials 
at his disposal, he sunk the name in his catalogue as asynonymy 
of 8. satyrus. 

The skull 3pp is remarkable for the number of depres- 
sions on its frontal, as wel] as on its parietal, region. They 
apparently resemble those described by Professor Humphry? as 
occurring in an Orang from Borneo in the Anatomical Museum 
of the University of Cambridge. There is a remarkable de- 
gree of similarity between the two skulls, and they further 
resemble each other in having the temporal ridges apart and 
in possessing supernumerary molars. 

The depressions in this skull are chiefly confined to the 
interspace between the ridges, but they occur without any 
symmetry. There is one large depression on the parietal, 
immediately behind the left superciliary ridge 0’°70 long and 
0°65 broad, with another still deeper depression behind it, 
0”:30 long and 0’-75 broad. A little removed from the right 
superciliary ridge is a long partially-interrupted depression 
1-55 long and 0” °50 bread, which may be regarded as the 
equivalent on this side of the depression just described, and 
from which it is separated by a prominent eminence. All of 
these depressions occur on the frontal, butimmediately behind 
them there is another depression occupying the mesial line 
of the skull, on the beginning of the parietal, 0’-80 broad and 


1 Journ, Anat, and Phys., Vol. VIII, 1874, p. 136, Pl. VII, figures 4, 5 and 6, 
The specimen described by Professor Humphry is stated to have been .a 
female, but the figure in which the canines are represented as large would 
seem to indicate, along with the general characters of the skull, that the 
animal had been a male. 


20 F MAMMALIA. 


0” 85 long, and stil] another on the posterior portion of the 
parietal close to tle posterior end of the left temporal ridge. 
There is no trace of a sagittal suture. Nearly opposite to the 
first depression on the parietal, but immediately external to 
the left temporal ridge, there is another and sixth depression 
which seems to make itself felt along the inner side of the left 
temporal ridge. On making two transverse sections through 
these depressions and the intervening elevations, it is found 
that in the last of the depressions there is considerable thin- 
ning away of the walls of the skull, the cancellated substance 
having disappeared, and nothing but the hard tables remaining, 
in some places not thicker than 07:05 ; so that, had the thin- 
ning been carried a little further, the skull might have presented 
the anomalous appearance of a series of openings in deep 
depressions.! In such instances the depression is fully 07-10 
in depth, and the walls of the skull on either side of it are 
fully 0’-20 thick, with the diplee well developed. Between 
the depressions of either side is an elevated, but flattened, area, 
occupying the middle of the frontal. On the inner surface of 
the skull there are no concavities corresponding to the external 
depressions, but there is one small circular pit about 0°30 
in diameter underlying the thickened area on the frontal. 
These defects in the skull appear to be due to an imperfection 
in the ossifying process, as stated by Professor Humphry, 
in consequence of which those parts of the skull are left 
thin. 

It will be observed that these depressions, as in the in- 
stances cited by Professor Humphry in Man and in the Orang, 
do not occur in the course of the sagittal suture nor on the 
eminences of the frontal. 

Finding these depressions, in the two instances recorded, 


1 The skull ofa female New Hollander in this Museum has one great 
parietal depression on the left side of thesame nature as those in the Orang 
described above, another but smaller depression on the right side, and about 
six other irregular depressions on the left side. The first-mentioned depres- 
sion is thinned away at its bottom to 0-03. . 

2 In the foregoing New Holland skull the largest of the left parietal 
depressions involves the left parietal eminence. : 

In the Museum of the Medical College the skull of a young female Orang 

‘ presents a simple depression on the commencement of the sagittal suture, and 
another slight one 0-70 by 0’-50, which has its outline well defined by a 
clear difference in the texture of the depression and that of the surrounding 
parts. The depressed area is very dense and almost porcelangous., This 
skull also presents two deep pits on either side of the foramen magnum. 
The lambdoidal and sagittal sutures are obliterated, but the skull is very 


“ small, although it has got its lower permanent and its middle upper 
incisors. 


SIMIA.. 21 


associated with separated temporal ridges and an abnormal 
number of teeth, Orang skulls presenting any of these 
characters, either singly or in association, should be carefully 
observed. 

Supernumerary teeth occur on both the upper. and lower 
Jaws of the left side. In the former the supernumerary tooth 
is @ small erect two-fanged cylindrical tooth with two cusps. 
The normal last molar is deformed, consisting of three distinct 
internal cusps, with a large external cusp equalling the con- 
joint dimensions of the three former. In the skull described 
by Professor Humphry the additional tooth occurred on each 
side of the upper jaw, and, although smaller than the other 
teeth, both were well formed and with the normal number of 
fangs. 

The supernumerary tooth in the lower jaw is quite as large 
as the last molar and has its crown directed forwards to the 
right side, asin the Orang skull described by Professor Hum- 
phry, due to the circumstance that it is set in the base of the 
coronoid process. From its position its crown could never 
be brought into use, but the hinder margin of the cingulum 
is partially worn away by friction against the upper super- 
numerary tooth. 

The female skull 34 has a well-formed additional molar 
behind the normal last tooth on each side of the lower jaw, 
each perfectly erect and in no way out of position. 

Among these adult male Bornean skulls there is consider- _ 
able variation, not only in the breadth of the front upper 
incisors, but in the length of the dental line from the pre- 
molar to the last molar, and in the dimensions of the molars, 
and in some skulls more particularly of the last molar. 

Throughout the series there is considerable diversity in 
the extent and form of the nasal bones. In the skull 3vv the 
nasals are 1”-45 long, expanding from 0:25 to 0:50, their 
greatest width. In the skull 3pp these bones show a decided 
tendency to unite with the maxillaries, whereas in skull 3ss 
the nasals are little, if at all, expanded below, and are 1”-80 
long with a maximum width of 07:35, exhibiting no tendency 
whatever to union either with the frontal or mazxillaries. 
In the skul) 3¢¢ the maxillaries form a broad suture between 
the orbits, and the nasals disappear, being represented by 
a small azygos bone 055 in length and 018 in greatest 
breadth, so that it is quite possible that occasionally in Orangs 
the nasals may be suppressed or lost in the maxillaries, so 
insignificant is their fragmentary representation in the skull, 


MAMMALIA. 


22 


‘RAT RviMerd oF Fo WBivw LopIOJoy oy) puw 


pA.t | 90.6 | OT ( 09-6 | BB-T | O6.e { OP.8 | O9-6 | 22.8 | 08.8 | 00-8 | OLE | ITE | BL.e | O20 7 

ouoq [RBVU O14 JO UPBLVUA LOPTOyUy OQ} T0994 j0q OOUUQET 
opt | tet | og.t | zat | opt | out | ore | oot | 2et | o6t | ate | ont | eon | | eet f*  * — varmusog yorqto-wazuy on} uoosz0q ooudsxeq0T 
o9.0 | 92.0 | 62.0 | 18.0 | 04.0 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 94.0 | 248.0 | 66.0 | 00.T | 98.0 | 94.0 | 18-0 | 06.0 | * ¢ *  ganjiodv [UsvT oT} JO LoJOWLIP OBIOASTUIT, 
os.o | ot.t | x60 | 08.1 | 98.0 | oat | 08.0 | oft | eg.t | 960 | 96.1 | OFT | 4BT | O8T | O8T ]* * *  * OaNgtode TesUM oT} JO LOJOWUFD [VOT }OA 
opt | 9.0 | a6.t | O41 | OFT | O9-T | TOT | 49-T | TST | 008 | OFT | OO.T | BHT | GOT | 99.1 |° ead * — £YJAVO TV}TAIO OY} JO TOJOUNVTD [BO}}.L0A_ 
08.T 08.1 OUT | 08. | oft | 12-T | shat | SPT | O81 | OFT | THT | 091 | SFT | OFT | PT | * 3 * S4{Avo [vj }qQ10 OY} JO 1oJOWNTP OstoasuEL J, 
og.o | 8¢.0 | og.0 | 08.0 | $9.0 | OF.0 | 09.0 | 9-0 | 99-0 | 09-0 | 99.0 | 89.0 | FBO | 9F.0 | 090 ;* * * * * oouds [uq{qIOLOZUY O1[) JO |Ipvorg 
9.8 | OFS | 49.9 | 86.8 | 168 | 28 | 08h | 08h | 08-F | OFF | O8F | OG | OLF | OF | 485 | * a Dee A - : : °° 84tqto 

OY} JO SOpls}no oY} WooAJoq Toy} [[NYxs Jo coyowvs 
e9.t | oF. | 02.7 | O£1 | 09.1 | 62.1 | 00.8 | OT | 90.8 | OFS | BFS | OGBT | OLS | 828/08 |" * * % * VaEOJ OVIMOTAZ oy} JO YRSu0T 
09.4 | 09.6 | 98.5 | 989 | 964 | oz-9 | 06.9 | 89.9 | OFO | 86.9 | 08.9 | 92.9 | e9.9 | S.0 | 080 (°° *  * — vmOaAZ oT) 4 [INIs OF} JO qojoMUUTCL 
o0.8 | 97.8 | 69.1 | 98.0 | org | 09.0] | Jono] J vt fot | 40 fost] st fe * *  * BespEr poxodune9 om} To00M40q couTyEIg 
92.2 | 99.2 | ot.2 | 0.8 | 09. | 08.% | 91.8 | GT. | 91. | 09.8 | 08-8 | 09.8 | 08.8 | 98.3 | 98-8 | SIFQI0 OG} PUTO TIMIs O47 JO AOPOWUT] P [VLOZUT Yso[[VUAIG 
09.6 | 09.6 | 98.6 | 98.5 | O86 | O8-F | 06.9 | 00-8 | 89.9 | 06.9 | 09.9 | OFM | OF-9 | 99.9 | BT.9 | ° vi s ‘ ‘ e ce * * gospyr £103 

-{pnu-ysod oy} ¥v [YS oT} Jo LoyowUIp [w19;RT 480700.1H 
98.2 | 92.8 | 09.6 | 08.8 | 08.6 | 09-8 | 08-6 | 06.8 | 00-F | 09.6 | 00.F | 96.8 | 80.-b | OL.F 92.5 |° : 2 + soyauy[yxuunord oy JO UTsreur 

aYA 07 OANGHS pusVU-O;MOY OY} WO [TVs OY} Jo YIZuery 
93.6 | 98.6 | sep | 88.6 | 06.6 | 69.F | 00.9] 4T-9 | 08.9 | QT.9 | 08.9 | 06-6 | 08.9 | 9F.9 | 08.9 | * Patt Wa ees 3 ‘ 3 * omngns 

[UBVU-0FUOIT OT} 09 on OY} Woy [[NAs 04} Jo YZuory 
90.2 | ot.2 | OF | 99-4 | SEZ | OF2 | OF.8 | 9-8 | S48 | OT.6 | 948 | FB | 24F.8 | O16 | 088 | ° a . f * — soyAuy[xvword oy 

jo sian oy} OF iota OY} WOIZ ][NxS oy JO yysuOrT 
09.6 | 99.8 | 048 | 89-8 | 99.6 | 09-8 | 9F.6 | 89-8 | 946 | 98.6 | 08.6 | 786 | 48.6 | 08.6 | 96.6 Bo a alt * —_ * ey£pui0d yoyTdyo00 

a a O8Uq, Of} 0} XOFLOA OY} UNOAy [[MYS 043 Jo qIdoq 

Q 9 é fo) é é g 2 g g g 9 Q Q g 
wg [us |'as | YS | 998 | mag | ang | mB F98 | 886 | tg bbg | ddg } oog | uug 
‘ap l‘vel ‘Os i'me] ‘£6 | 1S | "Hs |] "OS | as | as) ae 


‘apnuaf pun epou ‘sbuog fo suojjayy pun sygnyg fo sjuamadnsnayy 


23 


90.8 
08.8 
06.6 
08-8 
SB.81 
98.3T 
08.1 
PF.0 
SF.0 
99.9 


6¢.0 
GF.0 
90. 


SP. 
98.0 
09.0 
98.0 


€8.1 
98.0 
99.2 
04-8 


09.8 
OL6 
00-0T 
02.81 
09.81 
00.81 
08.6 
€9.0 


OL.6 
06.6 
OL-IT 
OF.9T 
06.61 
$0.91 
OL: 
09.0 
$8.0 
45.9 


04-0 
06. 
81.6 


09.1 
98.0 
99.0 
66.0 


09.T 
OFT 
08.8 
98.8 


OF.6 
08-0T 
&8.1T 
00.81 
OLST 
9Z.9T 
£9.26 
g9.0 
98.0 
QTL 


99.0 
28.0 
06.8 


89.1 
$8.0 
09-0 
08.0 


OFT 
£9.1 
98.8 | 
OF.8 


O16 
00.0T 
O€8.1T 
09.9T 
00.91 
09.9T 
06.2 
49.0 
96-0 
96.9 


89.0 
08.0 
08.6 


08.1 
08-0 
29.0 
08-0 


09.1 
O21 
99.8 
OFS 


see ee ee ama go 
ee ee a Biqn * yo & 
Soe eee ee gnmeay © Jo 
cc CC 
se ee ee gmpex go 
sf fee satatany 7st Jo qysae7y 
‘fs + + + gnores Suypusase Jo qypeag. 
ge USS ey OR? Ot fF JO ypworg 4saqBEIH 
. ® * Bs é * mel tao faurUB. Jo qsuery 


* —* — SIOSTOUT OT} JO 8J9HO0S oY JO aovjMs AOTIA, 

“UB 9} 0} e[{puod oy} Mors Mel TeMOT 24} JO YASUOT 
. . . . . cid cid e jo YIpverg. 
: : * : * guraeo reddn jo mMOI0 Jo q}3u0T 


. . » . . . . * vel aqeddn ‘apts 
auo jo spidsnorq pue srefou jo 4we}xe [euIpnyzsa0T 


e Re & Ss 91S UI SLOSIOUL OY} JO WpPVaIg 
. ita iy cig puoses iid oi e iid 
* mel saddn ‘Iostout ysag om} Jo MMOD O17} JO YAPVIIG 


ss + + guroedioy omguyed 10119308 9113-07 
SoT0q AIUI[IXBUIAGZUT 949 JO ULSIVUL AOIaZUY et} WOIY 


. . . . TROUT 48v] “e iis ce 
* SOUT. TAVAyOq aQuTed Jo YIpYoIg 
s * QUT] [erseut oy} Suoye epeped Auoq oy} Jo yISueT 


3 D * oyered fuoq ony Jo ULsreut qorreys0d aq} 
0} WoMRto [VI dio90 OY} JO UISAvUT AOTLeJUG ON} MOLT 


24 MAMMALIA. 


4. Simia abelii. 


Ourang-outang of Sumatra, Clarke Abel, As. Resch., vol. xv, 1825, 
p. 489, pls. 1 to 3, and 1V & V. 

Simia abelii, Fischer, Syn. Mamm., 1829, p. 10. . 

Pithecus satyrus, Evans, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. vii, 1838, 
p. 669, partim. 

Simia gigantica, Pearson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. x, 1841, 

. 660. 

Pithecus bicolor, Js. Geoff. Atti della terza rium. d. Scienz. Ital. 

1841; tbid., Arch. du Mus., t. ii, 1841, p. 526. 


Sumatran Orang-outang. 
‘Hab, Sumatra. 


4a. The lower jaw, No. 8B of Blyth’s Catalogue, of the 
large individual first described by Dr. Clarke Abel in the 
Asiatic Researches, Vol. XV, 1825. This jaw was figured in 
the same work, Plates IV and V, and again figured, half 
natural size, in the Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. VI, Plate 
XVIII. Described by Mr. Blyth, op. cit., Vol. XXII, 1853, 
p. 374. This specimen is very much smaller than the jaw of 
the next skull. The former measures only 6°55 in the ex- 
treme length of the jaw, whereas the latter is no less than 7°60. 
The condyle of Dr. Clarke Abel’s specimen is only 38”50 
above the inferior line of the horizontal ramus, whereas in the 
next individual the measurement is 4”°90. The coronoid pro- 
cess of the former is only 8”°90, while in the latter it is 4”-70, 
the breadth of root of the ascending ramus in Dr. Clarke 
Abel’s animal being 2”-30 to 2”-65 in next specimen. There 
is no perceptible difference in the length of the dental line 
of the two jaws, but this jaw is enormously larger than the 
other. The symphysis in Dr. Clarke Abel’s specimen is only 
2”-60, and in the next skull it is as great as 3”-05. The 
form of the jaws is much the same, and although the smaller 
jaw has all its teeth, the teeth are not worn, whereas in the other 
massive jaw the teeth are considerably worn. I am there- 
fore disposed to attribute the difference in size solely to 
individual peculiarities. Presented by Captain Cornfoot, 
1822.1 

1 The stuffed skin of Dr. Clarke Abel’s specimen from the north coast of 
Sumatra, presented by Captain Cornfoot, As. Researches, Vol. XV, App. 
p. 32, 1822, and described in the Asiatic Researches for 1825, in which the 
head, lower jaw, teeth, hand and foot are figured, was not in the Asiatic So- 


ciety’s Museum when I took charge of it for the Trustees of the Indian 
Museum. 


Owen has stated that the Sumatran Orang has no cheek excrescences, but 


HYLOBATES. 25, 


6. Theskull of anadult male. Sumatra. No. 3C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue: described by Pearson as S. gigantica, Journ. As. 
Soc. Bengal; Vol. X, p. 660, and the measurements given by 
Mr. Blyth, op. cit., Vol. XXII, p. 380, tab. No. 2, and figured 
l.¢., Plates I and II. The skull is much more massive than 
any of the skulls of S. satyrus and distinguished from them 
by the great depth of the malo-maxillary area, which is 
flat and much. expanded, and measures 2 inches in height, 
whereas in the skulls referred to 8. satyrus it is seldom above 
1-42 in depth. The muzzle also is very powerful, and.the 
canine ridges enormous. The breadth across the front of the 
orbital region is greater than in the foregoing skulls of 
8. satyrus, and the superciliary ridges are much more deve- 
loped. The orbits are irregularly vertically oval, The tem- 
poral ridges are strongly marked and form a prominent 
sagittal ridge. The zygomatic arch is strong, and the 
lower jaw very massive, with a broad ascending ramus. This 
skull corresponds so closely to the figure of the skull described 
by Professor Owen? that there can be no doubt of their spe- 
cific identity. 


TI.—Sus-Famitry HYLOBATIN &. 
Genus HYLOBATHS, Illiger, 1811. 


5. Hylobates syndactylus. 
Simia syndactylus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soce., vol. xiii, 1822, p. 241. 
Pithecus syndactylus, Desmarest, Mamm., 1820, p. 531. 


Hylobates syndactylus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr". xxxiv, 
Novembre 1821. 

Siamanga syndactyla, Gray, Cat. Mamm. B. M., 1843, p. 1. 

Hylobates (Siamanga) syndactylus, Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Resch., 
and West. Yunnan Expd., 1878, p. 10. 


Hag. Sumatra and Malayan Peninsula. 


5a, A young male stuffed: its skull and the bones of its 
trunk. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 24th June 1873. 

6. The skin of an adult female and the bones of its trunk. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 24th June 1873. 

ec. A young male stuffed, and its skull and the bones of its 
trunk. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 16th August 1873. 


Mr. Blyth distinctly mentions that the skin of Dr. Clarke Abel’s specimen 
possessed cheek excrescences, but less developed than in the Bornean male 
(Journ, As. Soc. Beng., Vol. XXII, 1853, p. 370), 


1 Trans. Zoological Soc. Vol. 1, 1885, Pl. 53. 


26 MAMMALIA. 


d. An adult female stuffed: its skull and the bones of 
its trunk. Presented by W. Rutledge, Hsq., 29th Sep- 
tember 1873. 

e. The ligamentary skeleton of an adult male. Presented 
by W. Rutledge, Esq., 19th April 1874. 

f. The skeleton and flat skin of a young male. Presented 
by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 26th June 1880. 

g. The skin and skull of a young male. Presented by 
W. Rutledge, Esq., 29th November 1880. 


6. Hylobates hooclock. 


The Fifé Niehoff, Recueil des Voyages, &c., t. iii, 1716, p. 168. 

The Golock, De Visme, Philosoph. Trans., vol. lix, 1769, p. 72. 

The Gulok, Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed. 1793, p. 185. 

The Voulock, Allamand, Buffon, Hist. Nat. (Sonnini ed.), t. xxxv, 
(1809), p. 140. 

The Hoolock, McClelland, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1839, p. 148. 

Simia lar, Philosoph. Trans., vol. lix, 1769, p. 607. 

Simia hoolock, Harlan, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. iv, new ser., 
1834, p. 52, pl. 2 (animal & skull). 

? Hylobates niger, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1840, p. 20. 

Hylobates hulok, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl., Bd. i (1840), 
p. 76; vol. v, 1855, p. 20. 

Hylobates houlock, Lesson, Sp. des Mammif., 1840, p. 54. 

Hylobates chronomandus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1837, p. 689. 

Hylobates scyritus, Ogilby, Madr, Journ. Lit. & Se., vol. xii, 1840. 


Had. Assam; extending into the Eastern Himalayas (Bhu- 
tan), also to upper portion of the valley of the Irrawadi, and 
into the hilly country to the east of that river at Bhamo, 
and from Manipur and Cachar into Northern Arakan. 


6a. A stuffed adult male, and its articulated skeleton: 
Nos, 5 A and H of Blyth’s Catalogue. Entirely black, with 
the exception of a white supercilium. From the Barrackpore 
Menagerie, 1842. 

b. A stuffed adolescent male, same as preceding specimen, 
and its articulated skeleton: Nos. 5 B and I of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. From Barrackpore Menagerie, 1842. 

ce. A stuffed adult female, brown above, darker on the 
under parts, sides of face, hands and feet. No. 5D of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Lieutenant-Colonel R. 8S. 
Tickell, 1842-49. 

d. A stuffed adult female: the same as c. No. 5F of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick. 
Bahadur. : 


HYLOBATES. 27 


e. A stuffed adult female: pale yellow above and light 
brown below, and blackish on the fingers and toes, No. 5E 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Assam. Presented by S. G. T. 
Heatly, Esq. 

J. A stuffed young female: dark brown, but lighter on the 
back and outside of the limbs. Arakan. Presented by Sir 
Arthur P. Phayre. 

g. The skin of a young male: black. Purchased, Septem- 
ber 1866. 

h. Astuffed young black female. Purchased, 19th May 1868. 

2. The skin of a young black male. Purchased, 29th May 
1869. 

jand &. A stuffed young male and female, both black. 
Assam. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., May 1870. 

. Astuffed adolescent black male. Assam. Presented by 
H.F. Blanford, Esq., 16th July 1870. . 

m. A stuffed adolescent female, with greyish head. Assam. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 29th April 1871, 

w. The skin of a young black male.. Presented by W. 
Rutledge, Esq., 16th June 1871. 

o. The skin ofa young female : dark blackish-brown, lighter 
on the back and on the sides of the face: beard greyish. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 24th June 1870. 

p: The skin of a young male: blackish brown on the back, 
and sides of the face and middle of chest. Presented by 
W. Rutledge, Esq., 30th June 1871. 

g. The skin and bones of the trunk of a nearly adult female : 
pale yellow above, and light brown below and on the sides of 
the head. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1867-68. 

r. A characteristic adult male, jet black, with white super- 
cilium, Samaguting, Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, 
October 1872. . 

s. A young, pale yellow female, in aleohol. Cachar. Pre- 
sented by C. Brownlow, Esq., 2nd August 1872. 

t. The ligamentary skeleton of a young male. The general 
colour of this gibbon was yellow, but the belly and inside of 
the limbs were brown. Cachar. Presented by C. Brownlow, 
Esq., 2nd August 1872. 

u. The ligamentary skeleton of a young male, like the 
preceding specimen. Cachar. Presented by C. Brownlow, Esq., 
2nd August 1872. 

v. The skin and ligamentary skeleton of a young male, 
the same as the two preceding specimens. Cachar. Presented 
by C. Brownlow, Esq., 2nd August 1872. 


28 MAMMALIA. 


w. An imperfect flat skin of a black male. Hotha, 
Western Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson, Presented by the First 
Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. 

z. Another similar male skin. Teng-yue-chow, Yunnan. 
Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the First Expedition to 
Western Yunnan, 1868. , 

y. The skin of a young female, also its skull and the bones of 
its trunk. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 17th April 1877. 

z. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult 
female: greyish yellow above and blackish brown below, and. 
on the sides of the head and on the fingers. Presented by the 
Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 19th May 1877. 

aa. The skin and skull of an adult male. Presented by 
W. Rutledge, Esq., 26th May 1879. 

6b. The skin and skull of a young female. This specimen 
has the head and back greyish yellow; this colour also occur- 
ring here and there on the limbs and along the mesial 
line of the under surface of the body. This individual marks 
the transition from black to pale yellow, a colour which 
frequently occurs in adult females. Tipperah. Presented by. 
the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 28th August 1879. 

ce, The skin and skull of a young black female. Presented 
by W. Rutledge, Esq., 10th April 1880. 

dd. A young skull, No. 5I of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

ee. A young skull, No. 5L of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

Jf. A young skull, No. 5M of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

gg. A young skull, No. 5K of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

Ah. The skull of ayoung animal. Gdro Hills. Presented by 
Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin Austen, 13th June 1870. 

ai. The skull of a young animal. No history. 

jij. The skeleton of a young male. Purchased, 12th June 
1869. 

kk, The ligamentary skeleton of an adolescent male. Pur- 
chased, 6th June 1869. 


7. Hylobates lar. 


Homo lar, Linn., Mantissa Plant. 1771, Append., p. 521. 

Simia longimana, Sehreber, Siugeth. Bd. i, 1775, p. 66, pl. iii, fig. 
1 (Buffon). 

Simia lar, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. 13th ed. 1788, p.29; Audebert, 
Hist. Nat. des Singes, §c., Fam. I, Sect. IT, fig. 1. 

Pithecus lar, Latr., Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini ed.), 1809, t. 
xxxvi, p. 276. 

Pithecus varius, Latr., Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini ed.), t. xxxvi, 
1809, p. 276. 


HYLOBATES. 29 


Pithecus variegatus, Geoff. St-Hil., Ann. du Mus, t. xix, 1812, 


p. 88. 

Hylobates lar, Illiger, Abhand. der Akad. der Wiss. Berlin, 1818, 
p. 88; Blyth, Cat. Mamm, As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 5; Anderson, 
Anat. and Zool. Resch. &c., 1878, p. 5. 

Hylobates variegatus, Kuhl, Beitr. zus Zool. 1820, p. 5. 

Simia albimana, Vigors ¢& Horsfield, Zool. Journ., no. 13, 1828, vol. 
iv, p. 107. 

Simia variegatus, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 11. 

‘Hylobates albimanus, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Zool. du Voyage de Bélanger, 
1834, p. 29. 

Hylobates leuciscus, Cantor, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xvii, 1846, 
p. 338. 

Hylobates entelloides, Js.’ Geoff. St.-Hil., Compt. Rend. t. xv, 1842, 


p. 717 


Hab, Arakan, Lower Pegu, Tenasserim, and Malayan 
Peninsula. 


7a. A stuffed adult female; brown, but paler on the lower 
half of the back. In Skin Collection. No history. 

6. The skin of an adult: brown, but passing into greyish 
between the shoulders and along the back ; darkest on the head. 

c. A stuffed adult male: brown, but much variegated on 
the back and on the arms with an intermixture of yel- 
lowish. No history. 

d. A stuffed adult female: brown, becoming pale yellowish- 
brown on the back and on the extremities, the legs being but 
little paler than the normally coloured feet. No history. 

e. A stuffed adult female: pale yellow. Malacca, 1846. 

JS. A stuffed young female: rich yellow. 

g. A stuffed very young female: pale yellow. 

A. A stuffed adult female, black, with the usual distinctive 
marks. Presented by A. Grote, Esq., 26th June 1864. 

i. A stuffed young female: brown, pale yellowish on back 
of the thighs, and yellowish on the throat, chest, and middle 
line of abdomen. Purchased, 20th September 1866, 

j. A stuffed adolescent male: black, with the usual mark- 
ings. Tenasserim. Presented by the Conntess Mayo, 14th 
February 1870. 

k. A stuffed adult male: brown, darkest on the head, pass- 
ing into light yellowish-brown on the lumbar region. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 14th July 1871. 

i. A stuffed young animal: top of the head black, paler on 
the occiput and between the shoulders, where the colour is 

reyish. On the lumbar region, hips, and under surface of 
thighs the colour is yellowish. Hands yellowish brown, feet 
yellow, and the area around the nude, black face white. 


30 MAMMALIA. 


m, A stuffed young female: greyish brown, dark brown on 
the vertex ; back greyish, passing into yellow on the lumbar 
region, and on the back of the thighs. Presented by W. 
Rutledge, Esq., 29th September 1871. 

n. The skin of an adolescent: pale brownish yellow, the 
hands and feet somewhat paler; the eyebrows blackish, and 
the area around the face white. No history. 

o. The skin of a young male: black, with some grey 
patches on the back, and pale on the sacral region: area 
around callosities and the back of the thighs rusty yellow ; 
mesial line of chest and abdomen greyish yellow. Presented 
by W. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd March 1876. 

p. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male. 
Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 6th May 1877. 

g. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 19th August 1878. 

r. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female 
resembling 2 and m. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 13th 
February 1877. 

s. The skin of an adult, uniform pale, sandy yellow. 
Mooleyit Range, Tenasserim. Collected by Mr. Ossian 
Limborg. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. 

t. The skin of an adult female like the last, and from the 
same locality. Collected by Mr. Limborg, Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. 

uw. A nearly mature male foetus in alcohol. The head is 
especially well clad with hair, but the back of the loins and 
of the brachium are covered with numerous hairs directed 
downwards, but all the other parts are nearly nude. The 
teats are especially well developed. This is the fetus of ¢. 
Mooleyit Range, Tenasserim. Collected by Mr. Limborg. 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. 

v. The mounted skeleton of an adult male. Tenasserim. 
Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1856. 

w..The skull of a dark-coloured young animal. Nasal 
processes of frontal downwardly prolonged and broad. No 
history. 

zx. The skull of a pale adolescent: nasal processes of frontal 
short and narrow. No history. 

y. An imperfect skull of a pale-brown adult. Nasal 
processes of frontal moderately downwardly prolonged and 
broad. No history. 

z. The skull of a young yellow individual. No, SE of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. 


HYLOBATES. 3L 


8. Hylobates agilis. 
The Ounko, fF. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Juin 1824, live™ 


xlii & xiii. 

Hylobates agilis, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Sept. 1821, livr™ 
Xxxli & xxxili; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 5; 
Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 9. 

Simia lar, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii, 1822, p. 242. 

Pithecus agilis, Desmarest, Mamm., 1820, p. 532. 

Hylobates rafilesii, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Cat. Méthod. des Mammif. 
1851, p.8. a 

Hylobates variegatus, Zemminck, Monogr. de Mamm. t. i., 1827, 
p. xiii. 

Hylobates rafflei, Geoff. St.-Hil,, Cours de 0 Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 
7™ lecon 1829, p. 34. 

Hylobates unko, Temm. (partim), Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 53. 

Hylobates concolor, Miller, Verhandl. over de Zool. Ind. Archipel, 
1841, p. 48. 

Hylobates miilleri, Martin, Nat. Hist. Quadr. 1841, p. 444; Anderson, 
Anat. & Zool. Resch., 1878, p. 8. 

Hylobates funereus, Zs. Geoff. St.-Hil., Compt. Rend. t. xxxi, Dec. 
1850, p. 874, 

Hylobates pileatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 136, pl. xxi; 
Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch. &e., 1878, p. 6. 


Hab. Sumatra, Siam, Cochin China, Borneo, and Sulu 
Islands. 


A careful reconsideration of the various gibbons to which 
the terms above given have been applied leads me to regard 
them all as Iccal races and varieties of one and the same species. 


8a, The skin of a young male : brown, paler on the lumbar 
region, and on the outside of the hind limbs ; hands and feet 
black; chest pale yellowish-brown ; supercilium white; no 
white on the whiskers. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 
6th September 1869. 

6. Astutied young female : brown, passing into yellowish on 
the lumbar region, and to pale brown on the outside of the 
thighs ; top of the head brown, parietal and occipital regions 
pale greyish-brown ; supercilium and whiskers white; chest 
and inside of limbs black; hands and feet blackish brown. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 16th January 1870. 

c. A stuffed young male: the same as the preceding. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 8th August 1871. 

d, A stuffed young male: same as 6. Presented by W. 
Rutledge, Esq., 27th August 1871. 

e. A stuffed young male and its skull: the same as 4. 
Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 13th July 1875. 


32 MAMMALIA. 


J. Ayoung female in alcohol. Presented by W. Rutledge, 
Esq., 28th July 1877. 

g. Theskin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult female : 
greyish brown on the back, passing into yellowish brown on 
the lumbar region, and on the back and the sides of the thighs ; 
into darker fuliginous brown on the shoulders, sides, and out- 
sides of the limbs. Top of the head dark brown ; supercilium 
greyish ; whiskers darker grey; throat, chest, and anterior 
half of front limbs black; inside of fore and hind limbs 
darker than the outsides; mesial portion of ventral aspect 
white. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 8th May 1873. 

4. The skin and skeleton of a young male: general colour 
ashy, darkest on the vertex, shoulders, and across the chest, 
and on the hands and feet; fading to pale grey on the lower 
portion of the back and on the hind limbs. Presented by 
W. Rutledge, Esq., 16th January 1577. 

z. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult 
female: supercilium grey; forehead and mesial line of crown 
black-brown; temporal and supra-occipital regions yellowish 
grey. Sides of the face and neck, throat, chest, shoulders, upper 
half of the fore limbs, under surface and inside of thighs and 
fore limbs, black; a narrow dark-brown line from the sides of 
the neck round the nape; back light yellowish-grey, passing 
on the sides into brown ; limbs greyish brown ; hands black ; 
feet less so. Purchased, 24th December 1878. 

j. The skin, skull, and bones of trunk of an adult female: 
grey from the occiput downwards along the back, becoming 
paler on the hinder quarters, with a distinct yellowish tint. 
The crown, also the sides of the head and neck, the throat,. 
breast, shoulders, inside of brachium and posterior border of 
antibrachium, and the whole of the under parts and inside of the 
thighs, black. Supercilium greyish. The outside of the fore- 
arms brownish grey, also the hands. The outsides of the thighs 
greyish, like the back ; the lower portion of the hind limb grey 
and blackish ; the feet greyish. Presented by W. Rutledge, 
‘Esq., 14th July 1877. 

&. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female, 
like the previous specimen, but the grey of the back paler 
and somewhat yellow, and not extending upwards beyond the 
shoulders, above which the colour is brownish ashy, darkening 
into fuliginous blackish brown on the crown ; hands and feet 
black, or nearly so. Purchased, 25th December 1878. 

2. The skull of a young male resembling 4. Presented by 
Babu R. R. Shaw, 4th March 1867. 


HYLOBATES, 33 


9. Hylobates leuciscus. 


The Long-armed Ape, Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed., 1798, 
pl. xxxviii, p. 184. 
he Here eae Ape (var. 8), Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed., 
» pe 184, 
Le Moloch, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1° fam., sec. ii, fig. ii. 
The Tee aren Ape (white var.), Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. i, pt.1. 1840, 
p- 12, pl. vi. 
Le Gibbon cendré, Latr., Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini ed.), t. xxxv 
_ (1809), p. 207, pl. x. 
Simia leucisca, Schreber, Sdugeth. tab. iiiB, 1775. 
as aa leuciscus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann, du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 


Hylobates leuciscus, Kuhl, Beitr. zur Zool. 1820, p.6; Anderson, 
Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 7. 


Hab. Java, 


9a. A stuffed specimen in bad condition; yellow; darkest 
on the top of the head and the outside of the brachium ; palest 
on the nape and down the back. No. 6 of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1848. 

6. Another specimen, like the preceding, but younger: 
No. 6 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Maharajah of 
Burdwan, 1848. 

ec. Another, nearly the same as the two preceding specimens, 
but tending to brownish grey on the top of the head and out- 
side of the arms, and on the shoulders. No. 6 of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1848. 

d. A stuffed adolescent female and its skull: Nos. 7 A 
and B of Blyth’s Catalogue: yellowish grey; dark brown 
on the vertex, on the inside of the thighs, and along 
a line from the groin to the axilla. Pale yellowish-white 
on the lower half of the back, and on the hips and back 
of thighs. Fingers and toes dusky. The area of the fonta- 
nelle in the skull is ossified as a distinct bone intercalated 
between the anterior portion of the parietal and posterior half 
of the frontal ; last molar not through. Purchased, 1834. 

e. Astuffed young female: pale yellow ; fuliginous on the 
top of,the head, nape, shoulders, and upper half of the back, 
and on the outside of the brachium ; inside of thighs, outside 
of antibrachium tinged with fuliginous; hands concolorous 
with antibrachium, and the feet yellow, like the legs; area 
around the face yellow; chest and belly yellowish, but the 
former tinged with fuliginous. Purchased, 18th July 1869. 

c 


34 MAMMALIA. 


jf. A stuffed adolescent female: almost uniform greyish 
brown, darkest on the forehead and brachium ; palest on the 
side of the face and on the supercilium., Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 4th September 1870. 

g. A-stuffed young female, and the bones of the trunk: 
nearly the same as the preceding; the viscera in alcohol. 
Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd July 1872. 

A. A stuffed young female, and the bones of the trunk: 
slightly darker than the last two; fuliginous yellow on the 
lumbar region, hips, upper half of the inside of the thighs, 
chest, and belly, the chin, the sides of the face, and the super- 
cilium. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 26th June 1873. 

z. The skin of a young female, its skull (milk dentition) and 
the bones of the trunk: resembling the preceding specimen. 
Second and third digits of the right foot partially;united at their 
base. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th April 1876. 

Jj. The skin of a young male, the skull and bones of the 
trunk: ashy grey on the upper parts, darkest on the crown, 
the forehead being greyish white; the throat, neck, chest, 
mesial line of the belly, and the front and outside of the thighs 
yellowish grey ; the fingers and the distal ends of the toes dark 
brown. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 7th July 1877. 

é. The skin of an adolescent female, its skull and the bones 
of the trunk: like the preceding specimen, but somewhat 
paler; no yellowish grey on the throat, no brown on the 
fingers and toes; yellowish around the callosities and on the 
back of the thighs. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 
Calcutta, 21st July 1877. 

¢. The skin of a young female, its skull and the bones of 
the trunk : like the preceding individual, but somewhat darker. 
Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th December 1878. 

m. The skin and skull of a young male. Presented by 
Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 8rd December 1879. 

a. The skin and skull of a young female resembling 7. 
Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd March 1880. 


10. Hylobates leucogenys. 


a Tabraca, Hist. Civile et Nat. de Siam, t. ii, 1771, 
Pp. : * 
Hylobates leucogenys, Ogilby, Proc. Zool, Soc., 1840, p. 20; Anderson, 
Anat. § Zool. Resch, Fc., 1878, p. 6. ~ 
Hab. Siam. 


10a, The skin, the skull, and the bones of the trunk of a 


SEMNOPITHECUS. 35 


young female: wholly black, with the exception of a feebly 

whitish supercilium, and a greyish white ruff on the sides of 

the face and behind the chin. The interocular nasal portion 

of the skull is relatively narrower than in H. agilis. Pre- 

ne by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 4th December 
878. 

6, The skin and skull of an adolescent female: wholly 
black, with a brown tinge on the body; whiskers and eye- 
brows grey. In both of these specimens the second and third 
digits of the feet are united at the base. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 13th June 1874, 


TiI.—Famity CERCOPITHECIDA. 


I.—Sus-Famity SEMNOPITHECIN &, 
Genus SEMNOPITHECUS, F. Cuv., 1821. 


11. Semnopithecus entellus. 


L’entelle, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, fam. iv, sec. ii, 
fig. 2, 

Simin entellus, Dufresne, Bull. Soc. Philom. t. i, 1797, p. 49. 

Cercopithecus entellus, Latr., Hist, Nat. de Buffon, t. xxxvi (Sonnini 
ed.), 1809, p. 283. 

Semnopithecus entellus, Desmoulins, Dict. Class, d’ Hist. Nat. t. vii 
(1825), p. 568; Anderson, Anat. g Zool. Resch., 1878, p. 15. 

Presbytes entellus, Gray, Hand-list, Brit. Mus. 1843, p. 4; Blyth, 
Cat. Mamm. Mus. As, Soc. Bengal, 1868, p. 11; Jerdon, Mamm. 


Ind. 1867, p. 4. rs 
Presbytes anchises, Hiliot, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xiii, 1844, 


pp. 470, 476. 


Hab. India. 

lla. A stuffed adult male, No. 27A of Blyth’s Catalogue: 
pale yellow; pale brownish on the outside of the limbs, and 
black on the hands and feet. Presented by Edward Blyth, 
Esq., 1842. 

6. A stuffed adult female, No. 27B of Blyth’s Catalogue: 
brownish on the middle of the back from the nape to the 
tail, and dark brown on the outside of the limbs; hands and 
feet black. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq., 1842. 

ec. A stuffed adolescent female, No, 27C of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue: like the preceding specimen, but more brightly coloured 


36 MAMMALIA. 


on the head, and golden yellow or rusty fulvous on the flanks 
and under surface, thus approaching 8. pideatus. Jangipur. 
Presented by J. W. Laidlay, Esq., 1848. 

d. A stuffed young male, No. 27D of Blyth’s Catalogue: 
pale yellow; brownish on the middle of the lower two-thirds 
of the back, and slightly so on the outside of the limbs ; hands 
and feet black. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq , 1842. 

e. A stuffed young female, No. 27E of Blyth’s Catalogue : 
pale yellow; no trace of brown on the back; hands and feet 
brownish black. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq., 1842. 

j. A stuffed young male: pale yellow, slightly suffused 
with fuliginous on the lumbar and sacral regions, and on the 
middle of the back; limbs pale yellow ; hands and feet brown- 
ish. Purchased, February 1866. 

g. A stuffed adult (gravid) female: the bones of the trunk, 
and the fcetus in alcohol. Yellow on the head, flanks, belly, 
and front of fore-arms and back of thighs; rather dark. 
greyish brown on the back, with a yellow tinge, but the 
former colour deepening towards the tail. Purchased, 8th 
August 1869, 

4, A stuffed young male: pale yellow, suffused with pale 
fuliginous on the middle of the back; yellow, slightly rusty on 
the back of the thighs; reddish brown on the tail and similar- 
ly coloured around the ankles, on the tarsal and on the carpal 
regions; the rest of the upper surface of the hands and feet 
black: Purchased, 8th March 1870. 

2. The skin of a pale yellow’ adolescent male: much the 
same as the last, but the rufous less intense. Asiatic Society’s 
specimen, but no history. 

j- The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female: 
pale yellow, fuliginous on the latter half of the back and on 
the outside of the limbs; tail brownish yellow; hands and 
feet black. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 9th February 
1874, 

k. The flat skin and skeleton of an animal the same as the 
preceding female 7. Purchased, 22nd June 1872. 

t, The flat skin and skeleton of an adult male: rather 
bright yellow and golden on the ventral region ; lower half of 
back and outside of limbs dusky fuliginous ; hands and feet 
black. Purchased, 6th August 1873. 

m. The flat skin and skeleton of a younger and more deeply 
coloured male than the preceding. Presented by Raja 
Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 7th December 1873. 

n. The flat skin and skeleton of a young female: dusky on 


SEMNOPITHECUS, 87. 


the lower half of the back and on the outside of the limbs. 
Presented by B. Collins, Esq., 18th September 1874. 

o, The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent 
male. Purchased, 6th October 1877. 

p. The skeleton of a male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 18th June 1880. 

g. The articulated skeleton of an adult male, Probably 
No. 27F of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

7. The disarticulated skeleton of an adult female. Royal 
Botanical Gardens, Howrah. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 
2nd September 1865. 

‘ gs. The disarticulated skeleton of an adult female. Royal 
Botanical Gardens, Howrah. Purchased, 30th December 18638. 

t. The disarticulated skeleton of a young female. Pre- 
sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 24th June 1869. 

wz to w. Three skulls of adult males, Nos. 27G, H, and I of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. i 

2. The skull of an adolescent male. Presented by G. Sceva, 
Esq., 10th October 1868. 

y. The disarticulated skeleton of an adult. Botanical 
Gardens, Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1867. 

z. The skeleton of a very large adult male. Allahabad. 
Presented by John Cockburn, Esq., 17th January 1879. 


VaR. a. 
Semnopithecus schistaceus, 


The langar, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. 1832, vol. i, p. 339. 

The long-tailed monkey, Pemberton, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. viii, 
1839, p. 272. 

The Masuri langar, Hutton, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. vol. xiii, 1844, 

. 471. 

Suiomopitheots entellus, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 95. 

Semnopithecus schistaceus, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. ix, 
1840, p. 1212; Anderson, Anat. §f Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 16. 

Semnopithecus nepalensis, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. ix, 


1840, p. 1212. 
Presbytis schistaceus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, 


p. 11 i,Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 6. 

Hab. Himalaya, Bhutan, and to the West of Simla, at 
elevations from 4,000 to 13,000 feet. 

llaa. A stuffed adult male and skull, Nos. 28A and Bof 
Blyth’s Catalogue: head, neck, chest, inside of limbs, and 
under parts yellow; general colour of the trunk brownish 
or fuliginows yellow, and darkest ou the shoulders, outside of 


f 


38 MAMMALIA, 


fore limbs, and thighs; hands nearly black ; feet dusky ; hair 
long ands profuse on the body, and on the feet; tail con- 
eolorous with the body, paling towards the tip. Masuri. 
Presented by Captain T. Hutton, 1848. 

6b. The skin of an adult male: general colour of the upper 
parts, except the head, dark slaty, darkest cn the outside of 
the fore limbs, passing almost into blackish on the fingers; 
dark on the thighs, but paling towards the ankle and passing 
almost into blackish on the toes. Tail concolorous with the 
back, becoming darker towards the tip. Head pale yellow, 
nearly white; chin, throat, chest and under parts, and inside 
of limbs, yellowish. Fur wavy, profuse, and long. Sikkim, 
Himalaya. Presented by L. Mandelli, Esq., November 
1875. 

ec, The skin of another adult, the same asthe last. Sikkim. 
Presented by L. Mandelli, Esq., November 1875. 

dd. The skin of an adolescent individual : head more yellow 
than preceding specimens, and the feet not quite so dark. 
Sikkim. Presented by L. Mandelli, Esq., November 1875. 


12, Semnopithecus priamus. 
Semnopithecus priam, Elliot, Blyth, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. vol. xiii 
(1844), pp. 470, 476. 


Semnopithecus pallipes, Blyth, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1844, 
p. 312. 


Presbytis priamus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, 


p- 732, pl. liv. fig. 1; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 12; 
Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 7. 


Presbytis thersites, EVliot, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, 
p. 1271, pl. liv, fig. 3. 

Semnopithecus albipes, Gray, Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. IM, 
1870, p. 15. 


Semnopithecus priamus, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch., &c., 1878, 
p. 19. 


Hab. The Eastern Ghats of India, and Northern Ceylon. 


12a. A stuffed adult female, and skull: No. 380A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Pale fuliginous on the upper parts of the trunk 
and on the head, but palest on the head and darkening 
towards the rump; almost yellow on the nape. Outside of 
the fore limbs and thighs pale ashy brown; yellow on the 
sides of the head, throat, chest and inside of the limbs, lower 
half of the thigh, and hands and feet. Coromandel Coast, 
Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1847. 

6. A stuffed adult male, and skull, No. 30B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Much darker than the preceding specimen : 


SEMNOPITHECUS. 39 


fuliginous brown on the upper parts, except the sides and 
part of the head and nape, which are yellowish; vertex pale 
fuliginous brown, the same colour as the back, also the outside 
of the limbs and the tail. Under parts, inside of the limbs, 
and back of thighs yellowish ; upper surface of hands showing 
a distinct tendency to dusky. St. Pedro, Ceylon. Presented 
by E. L. Layard, Esq., 1848. 

ce. A stuffed adult and its skull, No. 380C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Larger than the preceding, but with the head 
and nape darker; limbs fuliginous, the hands and feet con- 
colorous with them. “The original of P. thersites, Elliot, 
from Ceylon.”—Blyth. Ceylon. Presented by Sir Walter 
Elliot, 1845. 

d, A stuffed adult, No. 80D of Blyth’s Catalogue: hands 
paler than No. 124, and feet yellowish. Ceylon. Presented 
by E. L. Layard, Esq., 1849. 

Blyth deseribed 8. priamus as having a compressed, high, 
vertical crest, but one of the foregoing specimens (c) shows 
no sign of a true crest, and, as Blyth stated that the specimen 
which was under his observation when alive had no crest, I 
examined the types of the species @ and 4, and found that in 
a the skin of the vertex had been cut open and cotton wool 
introduced between the skull and the skin, and that where 
the cotton wool was there the crest existed. In 0 the short 
compressed crest occurred exactly over the point of a wire 
that perforated the skull and pressed against the skin. 

e. The skull of an adult male, No. 80E of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Trincomali. Presented by Dr. EK. F. Kelaart. 

Jj. The skull of an adult male, No. 30F of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Trincomali, Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart. 

g- The skull of an adolescent male, No. 80G of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by E. L. Layard, Esq. 

A. The skull of an adult female, No. 30H of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Ceylon. Presented by E. L. Layard, Esq. 

The skull of 8. priamus, in its adult condition, is consider- 
ably smaller than that of S. entellus ; the vertical depth of its 
face is relatively less than in that species, while, on the other 
hand, it is proportionally broader across the orbits. Its fronto- 
nasal depth also is less than in S. enteddus, the nasals being 
short and broad, and the nasal opening considerably shorter 
than in that species; a line drawn through the centre of the 
face, from the alveolar border of the premaxillaries to the 
supraorbital ridge, does not touch the distal end of the nasals, 
these bones being rather flattened and broad, and. slightly 


406 SIAMMALIA. 


concave. These differences in the details of the configuration 
must confer on 8. priamus a very different visage from that 
of S. entellus. There is not much difference in the teeth of 
the two forms, but in S. priamus they are relatively larger 
than in 8S. entellus, except the canines, which are smaller. 


13. Semnopithecus hypoleucus. 
Semnopithecus hypoleucus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. x, 1841, 


p- 839; vol. xvi, 1847, p. 733, pl. xxvi fig. 1; Anderson, Anat. 
& Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 20. 


Semnopithecus johnii, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 
20 var. 


Semnopithecus dussumieri, Zs. Geof. St.-Hil., Comptes Rendus, 1842, 
t. xv, p. 719. 


Presbytis johnii, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxviii, 1859, 


p. 283; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 12; Jerdon, Mamm. 
Ind. 1867, p. 7. 5 


Hab. Forests of the Malabar Coast. 


13a. A stuffed adult male and skuil, No. 29A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Head, except the eyebrows and skin of face, yellow; 
throat, under parts, inside of brachium and thighs yellow, 
especially bright on the chest and belly. Brown from the 
shoulders to the root of the tail, darkest on the middle of the 
back, paler on the sides and the posterior half, and the outside 
of the thighs. Antibrachium, front of thighs, and lower half 
of legs black, light brownish on the front of the tibia. 
Hands and feet black, concolorous with the imbs. Tail black, 
brownish towards its tip. Hair of head semi-erect and back- 
wardly directed; a few black hairs before the ears: nails black. 
The skull of this species has the general features of the skull 
of S. priamus, but it is smaller and characterised by much 
less prominent supraorbital ridges and by considerably less 
interorbital breadth, with narrow rather compressed nasals, in 
this respect conforming to the female of S. priamus. The 
skull is entire, with the exception of the occipital and basi- 
occipital portion, and its length from the premaxillaries to the 
lambdoidal ridge is 4:26, the palate measuring 17:73. The 
fronto-malar and greatest zygomatic breadth are respectively 
2”55 and 3”:30. ‘These measurements show that this species 
is the smallest of the Indian Semnopithect. Travancore. 
Presented by Dr. W. Coles, 1841. 


14. Semnopithecus pileatus. 


The Assam entellus monkey, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 
1847, p. 732. 


SEMNOPITHECUS. 41 


Semnopithecus pileatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xii, 1843, 
p- 174; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 13. 

Presbytis pileatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, 
p. Ge pl. xxvi fig. 3; Cat. Mamm. Asiatic Soc. Mus. 1868, 
p- 12. 


Semnopithecus chrysogaster, Licht. Peters, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, 
p- 429, footnote. 


Semnopithecus potenziani, Pr. Bonap., Comptes Rendus, t. xliii, 1856, 
p. 412. 3 
Hab, Northern Assam, Tipperah, Eastern Bengal Hill 

Tracts, Arakan, Upper Burma, and Tenasseriin, 


14a, A stuffed adult female, No. 31A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Sides of head and under parts orange yellowish; hands and 
feet black. Chittagong Hills. Presented by the Rev. 
J. Barbe, 1844. 

6. A stufféd adult female, No. 31B of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Considerably paler than the preceding specimen, especially on 
the posterior half of the trunk and the limbs, which are almost 
yellow. Carpal portion of hand blackish, fingers yellowish ; 
feet similarly coloured. Tail concolorous with the back, becom- 
ing darker towards thetip. Chittagong Hills. Presented by 
the Rev. J. Barbe, 1844. 

ce. A stuffed adolescent male, No. 31C of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
The orange yellow especially bright on the front of the 
shoulder, side of the neck, and head. Outside of lower half of 
hind limbs rich yellow, hands and feet dusky. Tipperah Hills. 
Presented by F. Skipwith, Esq., 1846. 

d. A stuffed female, No. 31D of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Light coloured ; under parts pale yellow ; no trace of orange. 
General colour of upper parts and outside of limbs greyish 
or fuliginous, darkest on the front of the head and on the 
shoulders. Presented by the Barrackpore Menagerie, 1843. 

e. A stuffed young female, the same as the last speci- 
men, but the fingers yellow and the carpal region dusky. 
Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 20th December 1870. 

jf. Astuffed adult male, its skull, and the bones of the 
trunk. Sides of head and under parts pale yellow, as in the 
preceding specimen. Upper parts grevish, passing into black- 
ish on the dorsum of the hand; fingers yellow; feet and 
lower hal’ of tibial portion of leg and the whole of the dorsum 
of the feet yellow, except a transverse blackish band across 
the base of the toes. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, 
Bahadur, 19th March 1878. This is a Menagerie specimen. 

y. The skin of a young animal: rich yellow above; su- 
praorbital hairs black; forehead yellow; vertex dusky grey ; 


42 MAMMALIA. 


occiput yellow: a fuliginous band across the nape: back 
of neck rufous or orange; back, outside of fore limbs, and 
dorsum of first half of the tail, pale greyish with an orange 
tinge, Lower half of outside of limbs, hands, and feet rich 
yellow; under parts yellow. 

A. Skin of an adult male: upper surface of head dark brown, 
passing into greyish on the occiput; the dark-coloured cap 
rapidly contracts on the nape into a narrow area on the back 
of the neck; dark greyish-brown over the shoulders and 
backwards along one-half of the back, passing into grey on 
the lumbar region, first half of the tail, and outside of the 
fore limbs and thighs; terminal half of tail black and tufted ; 
hands dark gveyish-brown ; base of the toes and their first 
halves brownish ; sides of the head and ventral aspect of the 
body bright rusty yellow. The inside of the fore limbs and 
lower half of the legs pale yellow. The hair of the crown cap 
longish and directed backwards; a tuft of long yellow hair 
below and behind the ears is directed forwards, as in S. cepha- 
lopterus. Khasi Hills. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel H. H. 
Godwin Austen, 1ith May 1870, 

z. The skin of an adolescent female: darkest on the outside 
of the fore limbs; the hands and feet dark brown, with the 
exception of the great toe, which is yellow. The greyish of 
the posterior half of the back and the first half of the tail is 
suffused with yellow. The yellow-of the sides of the head and 
under parts is almost orange-yellow. Sibsdégar, Upper 
Assam. Presented by S. H. Peal, Esq., July 1870. 

j. The skin and skull of an adult female. The yellow of the 
sides of the head and under parts deep orange; outside’of the 
fore limbs suffused with pale orange ; lower half of hind limbs 
wholly orange-yellow, also the hinder portion of the thighs. 
Fingers yellow; dorsum of hand more or less blackish ; dorsum 
of feet yellow, darkest across the metacarpals. Samaguting, 
Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, 4th October 1872. 

&. The skin of an adult female. Samaguting, Assam. 
Presented by Captain J. Butler, 4th October 1872. 

2. The skin of an adult male resembiing 4. Samaguting, 
Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, 4th October 1872. 

m,. The skin and skull of an adult male, like 2, but darker. 
Samaguting, Assam, Presented by Captain J. Butler, 4th 
October 1872. 

2. The skin of a young male, and itsskull. It resembles /, 
but is not so orange below. Hill Tracts, Arakan. Presented 
by the Zoological “Gardens, 23rd January 1878. 


SEMNOPITHECUS. 43 


mr The skull of an adult male. Assam. Museum Collector, 
2. The skull of a female, less the lower jaw. No history. 
g. An adult female skeleton. Arakan Hill Tracts. Pre- 
sented by the Zoological Gardens, 16th March 1878. 


15. Semnopithecus cephalopterus. 


The lion-tailed monkey (6), Pennant, Syn. Quad. 1771, p. 109, 
pl. 108 fig. 2. 


La guenon 4 face pourpre, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, 1789, 
p- 80, pl. xxi. 


The purple-faced monkey, Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed., 
1793, p. 199, pl. xliii. 


Cercopithecus senex, Eraleben, Systema Regni _ Animalis, 1%77, 
p. 24. 


Cercopithecus kephalopterus, Zimm., Geograph. Gesch. Bd. ii, 1780, 
p. 185. 
Simia veter, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. i, pt. i (1800), p. 36. 


Cercopithecus leucoprymnus, Otto, Nova Acta, Acad. Nat. Cur. Bd. 
xii, Pt. ii, 1825, p. 505. 


Semnopithecus fulvogriseus, Desmoulins, Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat. 
t. vii, 1825, p. 570. 


Semnopithecus nestor, Bennet, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 67. 
Presbytes cephalopterus, Gray, Hand-list Mamm, 1843, p. 4; Blyth, 


Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, pp. 734, 1271; Cat. Mamm. 
As, Soc, Mus. 1862, p. 13. 


Presbytis ursinus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xx, 1851, p. 
155; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 13. 
Presbytes albinus, Kelaart, Prodromus Faune Zeylanice, 1852, 


7, 
Sere diltetis kelaartii, Schlegel, Mus. d’Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas 
(Simia), 1876, p. 52. 
Semnopithecus cephalopterus et ursinus, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. 
Resch. 1878, pp. 22, 24. 


Hab. Ceylon and its highlands, 


15a, A stuffed adolescent female, No, 384A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Hairs of head longish and brown: eyebrows black ; 
beard and whiskers white; body black, with the exception 
of the sacral region, back and outside of the thighs, which are 
greyish, this colour most pronounced on the sacral region ; 
tail, for three-quarters of its extent greyish brown. Inside 
of thighs anterior to the callosities, and the last quarter of 
tail pale yellowish, almost white. Purchased, 1845. 

&, A stuffed young male, the same as the preceding, but the 
black hairs of the trunk tinged with greyish, and the yellowish 
at the base of the thighs absent. Purchased, 10th December 
1866. 


4.4 MAMMALIA. 


c. A stuffed adolescent female: tinged with greyish; the 
whiskers, below the ears, brown throughout the greater part 
of their extent, but white at the base. The yellow, anterior 
to the callosities, well developed. Presented by Wm. Rut- 
ledge, Esq., March 1868. 

d, A stuffed very young male: brownish black; no yellow 
area before the callosities. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 1870. 

e. Astuffed adult male, its skull, and the bones of its trunk: 
brown, with a large grey area in the sacral region and base 
of the thighs; hair on head brown and longish. Presented 
by the Barrackpore Menagerie, 1872, 

J. The skeleton of a female, No. 84E of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue, No history. 

g. The skull of a female, No. 34F of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
No history. 

A, The imperfect skeleton of a young female. Presented 
by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th February 1871. 

a. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female. 
Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 7th February 1877. 

j. The skeleton of an adult female. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 7th November 1878. 

&. The skull of a young male. Purchased, 8th July 1879. 

2. A young female, in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rut- 
ledge, Esq., 26th July 1879. 

m. A stuffed adolescent female, and its skull, No. 34B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue, Uniformly pale brown, except on the 
head, which is still paler yellowish brown; sacral region pale 
grey; hands and feet dark brown; a pale yellow area at 
the base of the thighs internally and before the callosities. 
Ceylon. Presented by R. Templeton, Esq., 1848. 

#. The skin and skull of an adolescent male, No. 34C of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Rufous brown, but otherwise resembling 
the preceding specimen, only the inner aspects of the thighs 
appear to have been dark brown, with no yellow area at their 
base. Ceylon. Presented by T. C. Jerdon, Esq., 1813. 

o. A stuffed adolescent female : brown, passing into grey on 
the sacral region ; inside of the thighs darker than the outside; 
a pale yellow area at their base; head pale brown; beard 
and whiskers white. Purchased, Ist November 1866. 


Hill variety (S. ursinus, Blyth), 


yp. A stuffed adult male and skull, No. 338A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue, Dark brown, passing into black on the hands and feet, 


SEMNOPITHECUS. 45 


and into slightly paler brown on the head ; hardly perceptibly 
paler on the sacral region, but passing into greyish brown on 
the tail. Eyebrows long and: black; beard and whiskers 
white; fur profuse and long, and nearly 84 inches in length. 
Newara, Elia, Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E, F. Kelaart, 
1847, 

g. Theskin of a young male, No. 33B of Blyth’s Catalogue ; 
paler brown than the preceding ; pale yellowish-brown on the 
head ; beard and whiskers white; sacral region and outside 
of thighs faintly paler brown. Newara, Elia, Ceylon. Pre- 
sented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1816. 

r. A stuffed young female, No. 33C of Blyth’s Catalogue ; 
resembling the last specimen, but with a pale yellow area on 
the inside of the base of the thighs anterior to the callosities, 
as in true S. cephalopterus. Mountains of Ceylon. Presented 
by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1846. 


White variety (S. senex, Erxl.). 


s. A stuffed young female, No, 84D of Blyth’s Catalogue ; 
pale-yellowish white throughout, except on the head, which is 
faintly marked with brownish, and over the shoulders and the 
middle of the back, which are tinged with dusky. Ceylon. 
Presented by Dr, E. F. Kelaart, 1851. 


16. Semnopithecus johnii. 


_Einiger affenarten, C. J. John, Berlin, Ges. Nat. Freunde N. Schr. 
Ba. i, 1795, pp. 211, 218. 
Cercopithecus johnii, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 25. 
Semnopithecus cucullatus, Js. Geoff. St.-Hil., Zool. Voy. de Bélan- 
ger, 1834, p. 38, pl. I. 
Semnopithecus johnii, Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soe. 
Lond. 2nd ed., 1838, p. 5; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, 
21. 
Bemnonitheens jubatus, Wagner, Schreber, Saéugeth. Suppl. Bd. i, 1840, 
. 305. 
Setmepitheaus cephalopterus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xiii, 1844, 
p- 469 (partim). 
Presbytis cucullatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxviii, 1859, 
p- 283; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 14. 
Presbytis jubatus, Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 8. 


Hab. Nilgiris to Travancore. 


16a. A stuffed adult male, No. 385A of Blyth’s Catalogue: 
jet black; head brown with long hair, paler on the occiput, 
and similarly-coloured beard and whiskers; grey on the 


46 MAMMALIA. 


sacral region and back of the thighs, less so on the tail, and 
no yellow at the base of the thighs. MBarrackpore Park 
Menagerie, 1844, 

6. A stuffed adult female, No. 35B of Blyth’s Catalogue ; 
resembling the last, but with the yellow area at the base of 
the thighs, as in S. cephalopterus, Nilgiris. Presented by 
T. C. Jerdon, Esq., 1843. : 

ce. The flat skin and articulated skeleton of a female. Pur- 
chased, 15th November 1567. 

d, The skull of an adult male. The Rev. J. Baker. 


17. Semnopithecus obscurus. 


Semnopithecus obscurus, Reid, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 14; Anderson, 
Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 25. 7 

Semnopithecus obscurus, Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 65. 

Presbytes obscura, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M.1843, p. 3; Blyth, 
Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 186%, p. 14. 

Semnopithecus leucomystax, Miiller and Schlegel, Verhandl. 1839-44, 

. 59. 

éctinonithenns halonifer, Cantor, Proc. Linn. Soc, (1845), vol. i, 1849, 

p. 235. 


Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Siam. 


17a. A stuffed adult male, and skull, No. 37A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue; dark brown on the sides of the body, slightly 
paler on the back; fore limbs dark brown, hind limbs paler 
greyish brown ; hands and feet black ; occiput with long, back- 
wardly directed, pale brownish-yellow hairs; whiskers brown 
and long; beard sparse and whitish. Malayan Peninsula. 
Presented by the Rev. F. W. Lindstedt, 1846. 

6 & ¢c. A stuffed adult female and skull, No. 37B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue, and its young one: it resembles the previous speci- 
men, but the yellow of the head is more or less continued to 
the root of the tail as a broad yellowish-brown band ; the young 
male, probably No. 37D of Blyth’s Catalogue, is bright yel- 
low, and its tail is bushy towards its extremity. Presented by 
R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1846. 

d. A stuffed half-grown male, No. 37C of Blyth’s Catalogue; 
pale brown, palest on the middle of the back ; pale area of head 
not so yellow as in adults. Presented by Mr. W. G. Moxon, 
1856. 

e. Skin of a very young female, probably No. 37E of 
Blyth’s Catalogue : pale brown ; outside of hind limbs yellow- 
ish; tail dusky brown at base, bright yellow in the rest of its 
length ; occipital region pale yellowish-grey. Presented by 
the Rev. F. W, Lindstedt. 


SEMNOPITHECUS. 47 


J. A stuffed young male, probably No. 37F of Blyth’s 
Catalogue : same age as preceding specimen; yellow, marked 
on the anterior half of the body with brownish, not obscuring 
the underlying yellow; the grey on the occiput showing 
faintly ; lower halves of fore limbs and hind feet brown. 
Presented by the Rev. F. W. Lindstedt. 

g. The skin of a somewhat older individual, No. 37G of 
Blyth’s Calalogue: passing from yellow into brown; the 
hind quarters and_ tail still yellow; occipital region bright 
grey. Mergui. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1854. 


18. Semnopithecus maurus. 


The middle-sized black monkey, Edwards’ Gleanings, Nat. Hist. 
1764, part iii, p. 221, pl. 311. 

La guenon négre, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, 1789, p. 83. 

The Negro monkey, Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed., 1793, 

. 206. 

Simnia maura, Schreber, Sdiugeth. Bd. i, 1775, p. 107, pl. xxiiB. 

Cercopithecus maurus, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p, 41. 

Semnopithecus maurus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mamm. Nov. 1822, 
livy." xxxviii; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p- 27. 

Simia ceylonicus, Desmoulins, Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat. t. vii, 1825, 


p. 572. 

Semnopithecus edwardsii, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 15. 

Presbytes maura, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M, 1843, p. 3. 

Presbytes maurus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. 735 ; 
Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 13. ; 

Semnopithecus pyrrhus, Horsfd. Horsfield, Zool. Resch. Java, 1821 


(plate). 
Presbytes pyrrhus, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 3; Blyth, 


Journ. As. Soc. Beng, vol. xliv, 1875, ex. no. p. 10. 
Hab, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java. 


18a, A stuffed adolescent male, and skull, No. 32A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue: yellowish at the base of the tail. Pur- 
chased, 1846-9. 

4. The skin of an adolescent male and its skull, No. 32B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Purchased, 1846-49, 

ec. An adolescent female: yellow at the base of the tail and 
at the base of the thighs internally. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., August 1869. 

d. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent 
female. Sumatra. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 9th 
May 1873. 

e. The skin and skeleton of an adolescent male. Presented 
by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 5th August 1876. 

jf» The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young 


48 MAMMALIA, 


female: yellow at the base of the tail beneath, and before and 
external to the callosities. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 
18th January 1877. 

g. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young 
male: no yellow at the tail or callosities. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 26th January 1877. 

hk. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young 
female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., Ist October 


1880. 
a. The skull of an adolescent female, No. 32C of Blyth’s 


Catalogue. No history. 

j. The skeleton of a male, No. 87H of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Tenasserim. Presented by Dr. Helfer, 1838.1 

&, The skeleton of an adult female. Purchased, 24th 
November 1865. 

7, A stuffed adult female: rich ferruginous ; the S. pyrrhus 
of Horsfield, Java, From the collection of the India Museum, 
London. Presented through the Trustees of the British 


Museum, 18th January 1880. 


19. Semnopithecus barbei. 
Semnopithecus maurus, Helfer, Journ.As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvii, 1838, 


p. 858. 

Presbytis barbei, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. 734, 
Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 14. 

Semnopithecus barbei, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 12. 


Hab. Tipperah ; Irrawadi Valley ; Tenasserim. 


19a. A stuffed adult male and itsskull, No. 386A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue: blackish brown, except on the front of the 
shoulders and fore limbs, lower part of hind legs, the back and 
sides of the head, and the tail, which are greyish-brown. 
Hands, feet, eyebrows, and whiskers black, and the under parts 
nearly the same; dark greyish-brown on the lighter upper parts. 
Tipperah Hills.? Presented by the Rev. J. Barbe, 1845. 


1 This skeleton was first determined by Pearson as the skeleton of a 

Negro monkey, S. maurus, Journ, As. Soc. Bengal, vol. vii (13), p. 669, but 
Blyth regarded it as probably belonging to S. obscurus. A comparison, 
however, of its skull with that of S. obscurus (a skull of which Blyth had not) 
proves it to be most nearly allied to this species. 
_ ® Blyth, in his description of this species, gives Tenasserim Province of 
Ye as the locality from whence he obtained his types, but in his Catalogue’ of 
Mammals (p. 14) Tipperah is given as the correct locality on the strength of 
information subsequently communicated by Mr, Barbe. 


SEMNOPITHECUS. 49 


6. A stuffed adult female and its skull, No. 86B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue: the same as the preceding. Presented by the 
Rev. J. Barbe, 1845. 
ie A stuffed young male: paler than the adults, Purchased, 

d. The skin of an adult male: black with a wash of grey 
chiefly on the shoulders and brachium. Mooleyit Range, 
Tenasserim. Collected by Mr, Ossian Limborg, January 
1877. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 11th December 1880. 

e. The skull of an adult male, killed in the 2nd defile of the 
Irrawadi. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the Second Kxpe- 
dition to Western Yunnan, 1875. 

This species appears to be very closely allied to the next, 
and a larger series of specimens than is at my disposal will 
probably prove their identity. a 


20. Semnopithecus phayrei. 


Semnopithecus phayrei, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. -xvi, 1847, p. 733, 
pl. xxxi, fig. 3, p. 1271; Anderson, Anat. ¢ Zvol. Resch. 1878, 


p- 34. 
Presbytis phayrei, Blyth, Cat. Mam. As. Soc, Mus. 1863, p. 15. 
Hab, Avakan. 


20a. A stuffed adult male, No. 838A of Blyth’s Catalogue, 
and skull: uniform brown, slightly paler on the shoulders and 
passing into dark blackish-brown on the antibrachium, and 
hands and feet; tail concolorous with the body ; white of the 
under parts scarcely extending on to the inside of the limbs; 
hair of head rather long, not radiating on the crown, directed 
outwards and backwards on the middle of the frontal region, 
and forming a vertical crest; whiskers ratherlong; a broad 
area around the eyes pure white ; nose black ; around lips fleshy 
white. The skull has the interorbital space of moderate 
length, the forehead rather full, but the supraorbital ridges 
are not strongly developed, whilst the external orbital angle of 
the frontal is rather prominent in adults. The greatest breadth 
of the orbits is from the external frontal angle obliquely down- 
wards and outwards across the orbit, whereas in S. dardec and 
&, obscurus the orbits are nearly round. The ridges marking 
the attachments of the temporal muscles do not meet on the 
middle line, but are separated by about an interval of an inch. 
The brain-case is upwardly tilted, so that the occipital region 
is nearly vertical, and associated with this there is a down- 
ward slope of the facial region. Arakan, Presented by Sir 
Arthur P, Phayre, 1844. 


D 


50 MAMMALIA. 


6. A stuffed young male, like the preceding, No. 88C of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Arakan. Presented by Major J. Abbot, 
1844. 

ce. A stuffed young female, like the preceding, No. 38D of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Arakan, Presented by Major J. Abbot, 
1844, 

d. A young male in alcohol. Akyab Hill Tracts. Presented 
by the Zoological Gardens, 8th July 1877. 

e. A young female in aleohol. Akyab Hill Tracts. Pre- 
sented by the Zoological Gardens, 9th August 1877. 


21. Semnopithecus holotephreus. 


ee holotephreus, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, 
p. 27. 


Hab. Unknown. 


Qla. A stuffed adult male, its skull and bones of the 
trunk : uniform dark slaty-grey, passing into black on the 
forearm and hands, and also on the feet; under parts and in- 
side of front limb and thighs pale yellowish grey. Head 
slightly crested over the vertex, but only with a feeble ten- 
dency to lateral compression, supraorbital hairs moderately 
long and black ; whiskers rather long, directed backwards and 
outwards, hiding the ears in front; face bluish black ; area 
around the eyes and lips white. 

The nasal region of the skull is rather prominent, nearly 
straight and moderately broad, with the orifice narrow and 
rather long. Supraorbital ridges are well developed, and the 
orbits are nearly round and of moderate size. The premax- 
illaries form a slightly expanded suture with the nasals. The 
last-mentioned bones are about half the lateral length of the 
premaxillaries. The palate has moderately broad margins, 
very slightly posteriorly convergent, 

The colour of this specimen has much faded since it was 
first described, and it now resembles 8. darbei, with which it 
may ultimately prove to be identical. 

Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 29th October 1872. 


22. Semnopithecus cristatus. 


Simia cristata, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii, 1822, p. 244. 
Semnopithecus pruinosus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, (Suppl.) p. 533. 


Semnopithecus mitratus, Cuv., Reg. Animal, 1829, nouv. éd, t. i, 
p. 4 partim. 


SEMNOPITHECUS. 51 


Semnopithecus cristatus, Miller, Tijdschr. voor Natuur., Geésch. 


en Phys. Dl. ii, 1835, pp. 316, 328; Anderson, Anat. g& Zool. 
Resch. 1878, p. 29. 


soot tutledgii, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, 
p- 38. 


Hab, Sumatra and Borneo, 


22a. A stuffed adult male: brownish black, tinged with 
fuliginous on the flanks, forearm, and crest; a short crest on 
the vertex directed backwards, and with long black hair on 
the temporal region directed forwards. Sumatra. Collected by 
Sir Stamford Raffles, and presented by him to the India 
Museum, London, as an example of S. eristatus. Presented 
by the India Museum, through the Trustees of the British 
Museum, 13th April 1880. 

6. A stuffed adolescent female and its skull: black; the 
hairs tipped with lustrous grey on the head and trunk, and 
yellowish grey on the limbs, except on the hands and feet, 
which are black; hair of the under parts pale and more 
broadly tipped yellowish grey; tail black, tipped with grey 
above, under surface yellowish, especially at the root; hair 
very short on the sides of the head, where it is so broadly 
tipped with grey as to be almost white; medium crest erect and 
compressed ; front of forehead black, whiskers long, back- 
wardly and upwardly directed, and broadly tipped with yellow- 
ish grey. Face bluish black. Type of 8. rudledgii, Pre- 
sented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th September 1871. 

c. A skin of a young female, like the preceding, with its 
skull and the bones of its trunk ; but the under surface of the 
tail at the root quite yellow; crest but little defined, and front 
of the head jet black. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 
14th December 1874. 

d. An adolescent female in alcohol. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 21st February 1879. 


23. Semnopithecus siamensis. 


Semnopithecus siamensis, Miiiler und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1844, 
p- 60; Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 37. 

Semnopithecus albocinereus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xii, 

_ 1843, p. 175; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 15. 

Presbytes cinerea, Gray, Hand-list. Mam. B. M. 1843, p. 193. 

Semnopithecus nigrimauus, Js. Geoff St.-Hil., Arch. du Mus. t. ii, 
1843, p. 546. 

Semnopithecus argentatus, Blyth, Horsfd., Cat. Mamm. BE. Ind. 
Co.’s Mus. 1851, p. 7. 

Semnopithecus cinereus, Mivart, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1864, p, 626, 


52 MAMMALIA. 


Presbytes cristatus, (nec Raffles), Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengai, 
vol. xliv, 1875, ex. no., p. 9. 

Presbytes melanopus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng, 1875, ex. no. 
p.9. 


Hab. Siam and Malayan Peninsula. 


22a. A stuffed adult male and its skull, No. 39A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue: brown, passing into rusty brown on the 
occipital portion of the crest, and into blackish brown on the 
parietal and frontal regions, on the hands and feet, and on the 
tail. Under parts, and the hinder two thirds of the outsides of 
the thighs, yellowish ; outside of tibial portion of limb greyish 
brown. The hair of the head radiating from two centres on the 
frontal, enclosing a short crest, forwardly directed, continuous 
with the higher peaked, laterally compressed, parieto-frontal 
crest. 

There are generally only four tubercles on the last molar 
of the lower jaw, but in one of the skulls in this Museum 
there is a distinct rudimentary fifth talon. ” 

Malacca. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1846. 

6, A stuffed adult female and skull, No. 39B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue ; considerably paler than the preceding. Malacca. 
Presented by the Rev. F. W. Lindstedt, 1846. 

e. The skin of an adult female, No. 380 of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue : paler than the last specimen. Malacca. Presented by 
R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1846. 

d. A stuffed young female, No. 88D of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
The brown colour is confined on the back by a well-defined 
area, the sides being yellowish. Last half of tail bushy and 
dark brown. Malacca. Presented by the Rev. F. W. 
Lindstedt, 1846. 

e. Skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent male. 

Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 29th December 1878. 


24. Semnopithecus femoralis. 


Simia maura, Raffles, Trans. Lin. Soc. vol, xiii, 1822, p. 247. 

Semnopithecus femoralis, Horsfield, Appendix, Life of Sir T. &. 
Raffies, 1880, p. 643; Anderson, Anat. g& Zool. Resch. 1878, 

. 30. 

Beruronibhies chrysomelas, Miiller, Tijdsch. voor. Natuur. Gesch. 
Di. v, pts. iand ii (1838), (Plate), p. 138. 

Semnopithecus sumatranus, Miller and Schlegel, Verhandl. 1839- 
44, pp. 61, 73, tab. 10 bis, fig. 1 8. 

Simia femoralis, Cantor, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xv, 1846, p. 175. 


Hab. Sumatra and Borneo. 


SEMNOPITHECUS, 53 


24a. A stuffed adolescent female: blackish brown fabove, 
passing into black on the hands and feet; beard and all the 
under parts yellowish white, but with a greyish tint on the 
sides of the chest ; inside of the fore and hind limbs pure 
pale yellowish, running as a mere but prominent line to the 
wrists and ankles. A narrow, unsullied yellowish-white line 
down the centre of the chest and belly; tail greyish at the 
base underneath. Purchased, 11th December 1867. 

2. A stuffed adult female like the preceding, and its skull, 
but the chest and belly are greyish black, with the exception 
of the narrow median yellow white line; the white on the 
inside of the limbs is confined to the brachium and thigh ; 
beard sparse and greyish. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 
6th July 1869. 

e. Skin and bones of the trunk of a young female, like the 
preceding, but with the white of the inside of the fore limbs 
prolonged to the wrist. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 
10th April 1876. 


25. Semnopithecus melalophus. 


Semnopithecus melalophus, #. Cuv,, Hist. Nat. des. Mammif., t. ti, 
live", xxx. Juillet 1821, pl. iv; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 
1878, p. 34. 

Semnopithecus flavimanus, Lesson, Cent. Zool. 1830, Augt. p. 109, 

]. xb 

Bet mepithaads sumatranus, var. aurata, Miiller and Schlegel, Verhaudl, 
1839-44, pl. x, bis, fig. 2, head of 2. 

Presbytes melalophus, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 2. 

Presbytes flavimana, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 3. 

Presbytes nobilis, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1848, p. 3. 

Semnopithecus nobilis, Gray, Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M.,, 
1870, p. 17. 


Hab. Sumatra. 


25a. A stuffed young female, the skull and bones of the 
trunk ; uniform pale yellowish-white, except on the crest and 
back, which are marked with blackish brown; hands and feet 
yellowish ; facein life leaden bluish black, with whitish around 
the eyes and lips. Crest erect and laterally compressed. 
Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 4th December 1874. 

b. Astuffed still younger female, and its skull: the same 
as the preceding. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 11th 
May 1875. ; ; 

ce. The skull of a female resembling a, but with outside of 
the limbs marked with orange-yellow, a black crest and the 


54 MAMMALIA. 


back much darker. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 13th 
May 1875. 

d. Skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult female: 
crest black in front and greyish behind ; the back much more 
darkly marked with blackish than the previous specimens ; 
pale rusty brown or yellow on the sides; outside of the limbs 
and hands yellowish ; tail pale yellowish-brown, marked with 
darker; under parts whitish. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 6th November 1874. 

e. The skin of an adolescent female and skull: equally 
dark on the back with the last specimen, but with less yellow 
on the sides and limbs. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 
18th August 187. 

j. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult 
male of the same coloration as d, but the feet yellower than 
the outside of the limbs, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 
6th November 1875. 

g. The skin of an adolescent male, and its viscera in alco- 
hol: this specimen resembles d. Presented by Wm, Rutledge, 
Esq., 6th June 1876. 

h. The natural skeleton of an adult male. Presented by 
Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 8th May 1876. 

z. The disarticulated skeleton of an adolescent female. 
Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 4th July 1875, 

j. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult 
female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 20th October 
1876. 

k, The skeleton of a young female. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 17th Octoher 1876. 

Z, An adult male in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 10th June 1879. 


Sus-Gexvus NASALIS, Geoff., 1812. 
26. Semnopithecus (Nasalis) larvatus. 


Le Kahau, Wurmb, Batav. Genootsch. Verhand. Bd. iii, 1781, 
p. 145. 

La guenon Along nez, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, 1879, p. 53, 
pls. xi and xii. 

Le Kahau, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, Fam. iv, sect. ii, fig. i, 
1797. 

The Proboscis Monkey, Shaw, Genl. Zool. vol, i, pt. i (1800), pl. 22. 

Cercopithecus larvatus, TFurimh, op. cit. p. 145 

Nasalis patina Geoff. St. -Hil,, Ann. du ihe t. xix, 1812, p. 91. 

Cercopithecus nasicus, Dieviirest Virey, Nouv. Di t. Thi t. Zool, 
t. xv, 1817, p. 574. s # i i as 


CERCOPITHECUS 55 


Cercopithecus (Nasalis) nasicus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 55. 

Simia nasica, #. Cuv., Dict. des Sc. Nat. t. xx, 1821, p. 32. 

Semnopithecus nasicus, Desmoulins, Dict. Class. d’ Hist. Nat. t. vii, 
1825, p. 570. 

Nasalis recurvus, Vigors & Horsfield, Zool. Journ, vol. iv, 1828-29, 
p. 109 (fig. head). 

Semnopithecus larvatus, Fischer, Syn. Mam. 1829, p. 16. 

Simia nasalis, Martin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 70. 

Rhynchopithecus larvatus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 1856, 

. 93, pl. iv. 

Ser nepahoons (Nasalis) larvatus, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 

1878, p. 42. 


Hab. Borneo. 


26a. The skin of an adult female. Purchased, 30th April 
1878. ; 

6. A stuffed adolescent female, its skull, and the bones of 
its: trunk. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 19th November 
1878. 

e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a. young 
male: the sacral spot grey. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 4th July 1879. 

d. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young 
female: penultimate molar appearing. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 8th July 1880. 


Genus COLOBUS, Illiger, 1811. 


27. Colobus guereza. 


Colubus guereza, Riippell, Neue. Wirb. p, 1. pl. 1, 1835. 
Guereza riippellii, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, 
p- 19. 


Hab, Abyssinia. 


27a. The skin of an adult male. Shoa, Abyssinia. Pre- 
sented by W. Ganslandt, Esq., Aden, lst March 1880. 


II.—Svuzs-Famity CERCOPITHECIN. 


Genus CERCOPITHECUS, Erxleben, 1777. 


28. Cercopithecus pygerythrus. 


Simia pygerythrus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr." xxiv, 


Jan. 1821. 
Cercopithecus pygerythrus, Desm., Mamm. Suppl. 1822, p. 534, 7 
Cercopithecus lalandii, Js. Geoff. St.-Hil., Archiv. du Mus. t. ii, 


1843, p. 561. 


56 MAMMALIA. 


Cercopithecus faunus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, 


p. 10. 
Chlorocebus pygerythrus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, 
p. 25. 


Hab. South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, banks of the 
Zambesi and Batoka, and Mozambique. 


28a. A stuffed adult male, No. 23A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1857. 

6. A stuffed adult male, considerably darker and without 
the yellowish tint on the back and sides, but in other respects 
resembling this species. Purchased, 1865. 

e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent 
male : resembling 312, and like the last specimen, but with a 
blue scrotum. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th 
November 1876. 

ad, The skin of an adult male, and its skull: resembling the 
last specimen. This animal lived for some years in the 
Zoological Gardens, and bred with its female, the face of the 
young animal being white. Presented by the Zoological 
Gardens, 29th May 1880. : 

e. A stuffed adolescent male. Purchased, 28th July 1869. 


29. Cercopithecus sabezeus. 


Le grivet, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif., t. i, livr." vii,. 
Juin 1819. 

Simia sabaea, Linn., Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 38, No. 18, non Syn. 
Edwards (nec Cercop. sabaeus, auct. recent.) 

Cercopithecus sabeus, Js. Geoff. St-Hil., Compt. Rend. de 
@? Acad. de Sc. 1850, p. 874; Cat. Method. des Mammif. 1851, 
. 22. 

Go sa iheutia griseoviridis, Desm., Mamm. 1822, p. 61. 

Cercopithecus engythithea, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, 

10. 


p. 1U. . 
Chlorocebus engythithea, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M,, 
1870, p. 26. 


Hab. Abyssinia. 


29a. A stuffed adult male and its skull, No. 22A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Presented by C. C. Egerton, Esq., 1836. 

6. A young female, stuffed, No. 22B of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Cape de Verde Islands. Purchased, 1847, 

¢. An adolescent male, partially stuffed, in bad condition; 
rather grey, but broadly punctulated with yellow. No. 244 of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Abyssinia. Presented by Dr. E. Riippell, 
1856. 


CERCOPITHECUS. 57 


d. The skin of an adult male: much more yellow than 
the preceding individual; tail pale yellow; white below, 
and with a well-marked yellowish terminal tuft. Adigrat, 
Tigré, Abyssinia, 8,000 feet, April 1868. W. T. Blanford, 
Esq. Presented by the Abyssinian Expedition, 1868. 

e. The skeleton of an adult male. Anseba Valley, Abys- 
sinia, 4,000 feet. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Presented by the 
Abyssinian Expedition, 1868. 

J. A skull, by exchange with H. Lydekker, Esq., 5th 
December 1877. 

g. The skeleton of a young male. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Hsq., 24th February 1880. 


30. Cercopithecus albogularis. 


Cercopithecus albogularis, Fraser, Zool. Typica, pl. 2. 1848-49. 

Semnopithecus albogularis, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1832, p, 18. 

Cercopithecus monoides, Js. Geoff. St-Hil., Compt. Rend., t. xv, 
p. 1038; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Beng., 1863, p. 10. 


Hab. East Africa. 


30a. A stuffed young female, No. 25A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1853. 

6. A stuffed young male: the callosities surrounded by a 
narrow line of deep rusty, which extends on to the under 
surface of the base of the tail. Purchased, 16th March 1866. 

e. The skin, skull, hyoid and bones of the trunk of a fine adult 
male ; no rufous around the callosities or on the under parts of 
the tail. The white of the side of the neck and between the 
arms anteriorly extending well up the side of the neck as an 
imperfect collar, Purchased, 26th November 1875. 

d. The skeleton of a young male. Purchased, 5th June 
1869. 

e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male. 
Purchased, 17th June 1878. 


31. Cercopithecus mona. 


La mone, Audebert, Singes, 1797, Fam. iv, Sect. 11, fig. 7. 

Simia mona, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777-8, p. 32; Schreber, 
Stiugeth. Suppl. pl. i, p. 97, 1840, pl.15; F. Cuv., Hist. Nat, 
des Mammif. t. i. livy". ix, Aoit 1819. 


Hab. West Africa. 


8la. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young 
male. Purchased, 8th June 1878. 


53 MAMMALIA. 


6. An adult male in alcohol. Presented by Wm, Rut- 
ledge, Esq., 25th February 1879. . 

e, The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male, 
Purchased, 27th November 1879. 

d. The skeleton of an adult, Senegal. By exchange, 21st 
January 1879. 


82. Cercopithecus leucampyx. 


Diane femelle, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. vol. iii, livr." xlii, 
Juin 1824, 

Simia leucampyx, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 20. 

Cercopithecus diadematus, fs. Geoff. St.-Hil., Voyage de Bélanger, 


1830, p. 51. 
Cercopithecus pluto, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1848, p. 57, fig. 


pl. 3. 
Hab. West Africa. 


32a. A skull bisected. By exchange with H. Lydekker, 
Esq., 5th December 1877. 

6. The skeleton of an adult female. Angola. By ex- 
change, 21st January 1879. ; 

ce. The skeleton of a female, by exchange, 2lst January 
1879. 


33. Cercopithecus ruber. 


Simia patas, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777-78, p. 34; Schreber, 
Stugeth. Bd. i, 1774, p. 98, pl. 16. 

Simia rubra, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1788, pp. 34-42. ; 

Cercopithecus ruber, Js. Geoff. St.-Hil., Lables des Quad. 1812; 
Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Beng. 1863, p. 11. 

Chlorocebus ruber, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, 
p. 25. 


Hab. West Africa. 


33a. A skull of an adolescent, No. 26A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. 

b. The skin, skull, and bones of an adult male. Presented 
by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th January 1879. ; 

e, The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult 
female. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 27th October 1880. 


34. Cercopithecus petaurista. 


Simia petaurista, Ereleben, Syst: Reg. Nat. 1777-78, p, 35; Schreber, 
Sdugeth. 1774, bd. 1, p. 103, pl. 19B. . 


MACACUS, 59 


Cercopithecus ascanias, Awdebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes et Makis, 
Fam. iv, Sect. ii, fig. xiii; Schreber, Séugeth. pl. 190. 


Hab. West Africa. 


34a, The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young 
male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 29th October 1878. 


35. Cercopithecus diana. 


La diane, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, Fam. v, Sect. 2, pl.6. 
Simia diana, Hraxleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, 3p. 30; Linn, Syst. 
Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 38. 


Hab. West Africa. 


350. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young 
female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 9th July 1878. 

4,. The skeleton of a young male. Purchased, 18th May 
1879. 


Genus CERCOCEBUS, Geoffroy, 1812. 


36. Cercocebus fuliginosus. 


Mangabey, Audebert, Singes, Fam. iv, Sect. ii, p. 15, pl. 9. 
Cercopithecus fuliginosus, Kuhl, Beitr. 1820-24, p. 14, 
Cercocebus fuliginosus, Geoff, Ann. du Mus. t. xix, p. 28. 


Hab. West Africa. 


36a. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adoles- 
cent male. Purchased, 9th May 1879. 

6. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male. 
Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 14th October 1880. 


Genus MACACUS, Lacépede, 1803. 


37. Macacus sinicus. 


Le bonnet chinois, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiv, 1766, pp. 224, 241, 
pl. xxx. 

The Chinese Monkey, Pennant, Hist. Quad., vol. i, 1793, p. 209. 

Simia sinica, Lin., Mantissa Plant. 1771, p. 521. 

Cercopithecus sinicus, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. Al. 

Cynocephalus sinensis, Latr., Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini ed.) t. xxxvi 
(1809), p. 293. 

Cercocebus radiatus, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. 1812, t. xix, 
p. 98. 

Pithecus radiatus, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. t. xvii 
(1817), p. 325. 


60 MAMMALIA. 


Simia sinica, #. Cue, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Juin 1820, livy." xviii, 

Cercopithecus radiatus, Kuhl, Beitr. zur Zool. 1820, p. 13. 

Inuus (Cercocebus) radiatus, Wagner, Schreber, Stugeth. Suppl. 
bd. i, 1840, p. 140. ; 

Macacus sinicus, Blyth, Journ. As.- Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. 
1272; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 90. 

Inuus (Macacus) sinicus, Wagner, Schreber, Stugeth., Suppl. Bd. v, 
1855, p. 56. : 

Sihee (Macacus) sinicus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Rég. An, 
1856, pp.117,119. : 

Macacus radiatus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 8;. 
Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 12. 


Hab. Southern India. 


37a. A stuffed adult male; uniform olive brown above and 
on the outside of the limbs and upper surface of the tail. The 
laterally divided hair on the forehead dark brown, passing into 
greyish brown on the sacral region in reflected lights. Under 
parts pale greyish-yellow. Purchased, 12th June 1870. 

6. A stuffed adult male like the last. Madras. Presented 
by Dr. J. Anderson, 21st February 1866. 

ce. A stuffed adult male, about the same age as the preceding, 
but darker, more especially on the root of the tail and on 
the groin. Purchased, 27th December, 1867. 

d. A stuffed half-grown female, No. 18A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue: darker than any of the preceding males. Pur- 
chased, 1844. 

e. A stuffed female, about -the same size as the last, but 
paler. Purchased, 5th March 1868. 

J. A stuffed younger female, and its skull: darker than any 
of the foregoing animals, No. 19 of Blyth’s Catalogue, but not 
entered by him in his list. Sent from Formosa by R. Swinhoe, 
Esq., 1859.* The skull of this specimen, No. 19A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1859. 

g. A stuffed young female, slightly paler than 7. Pur- 
chased, September 1866. 

4, The skin of a young female. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 5th January 1875. 

i. The natural skeleton of a young female: 12D, 6L, 38S, 
and 28C vertebre. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th 
January 1875. 

j. The natural skeleton of an adolescent female. Pur- 
chased, 3rd June 1&63. 

k. The disarticulated skeleton of a young animal, Pur- 
chased, 25th September 1866. 


? Journ. As, Soc. Beng. vol, xxix, p. 87. 


MACACUS. 61 


2. The skull of an adult male. Presented by Dr. J. 
Anderson, 1865. 


m. The skeleton of an adult female. Presented by Raja 
Rajendra Lal Mullick, Bahadur, 7th December 187+. 

z. A newly-born male in alcohol, bred in the Zoological 
Gardens, from a pair brought from Madras. Presented by 
the Zoological Gardens, 22nd June 1880. 


38. Macacus pileatus. 


The Rilawa, Knox, Hist. Rel. Ceylon, 1681, ch. vi, p. 25. 

La guenon couronnée, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, 1789, p. 61, 
pl. xvi (juv.) 

The Rillow, Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i. 8rd ed. 1793, p. 209. 

Le bonnet chinois, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, Fam. iv, 
sect. ii, fig. 11. 

The Rollewai, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng, vol. xiii, 1844, p. 476, 

Simia pileata, Shaw, Gent. Zool. vol. i, pt. i, 1800, p. 53. 

Cercocebus sinicus, Is, Geoff. St.Hil., Ann. du Mus. t, xix, 1812, 
p. 98. 

Pithecus sinicus, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. t. xviii, 1817, 

. 324. 

Rabecpithonne sinicus, Kuhl, Beitr. zur Zool. 1820, p. 13. 

Macacus sinicus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 64. 

Inuus (Cercocebus) sinicus, Wagner, Schreber, Séugeth. Suppl. Bad. i, 
1840, p. 189. 

Macacus pileatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. 1272; 
Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p.9; Anderson, Anat. 
& Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 91. 

Inuus (Macacus) pileatus, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. 
v (1855), p. 55. 

Pithecus (Macacus) pileatus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 
1856, pp. 117 & 119. 


Hab. Ceylon. 


38a. A stuffed adolescent male, No. 19A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue: rich orange or rufous brown. Ceylon. Presented by 
R. Templeton, Esq., 1848. 

6, A stuffed adolescent female, No. 19B of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue: not so richly coloured as the last. Ceylon. Present- 
ed by R. Templeton, Esq., 1848. 

c. A skull, imperfect. Ceylon. Presented by E. L, 
Layard, Esq. 

d. Askull. Ceylon. Presented by HE. L. Layard, Esq. 


39. Macacus cynomolgus. 


Le Macaque, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiv, 1776, p. 190. 
The Philippine monkey, Pennant, Syn. Quad. 1771, p. 121. 


62 MAMMALIA. 


Simia cynomolgus, Lin., Syst. Nat. 12”° éd., vol. i, 1766, p. 38. 
Cercopithecus cynomolgus, Eraleben, Syst. Rég. Animal, 1777, p. 
28. 


Cynocephalus cynomolgus, Latr., Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini-ed.), 
t. xxxvi, 1809, p. 292. 

Cercocebus cynomolgus, Geoff. St.-Hil., An. du Mus, t. xix (1812), 
p. 99. 

Pithecus cynomolgus, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. t. xviii, 
1817, p. 323. 

Macacus cynomolgus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr”. iii, 
Fév. 1819; Blyth, Cat. Mam. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 9; Anderson, 
Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 73. 

Simia fascicularis, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xiii, 1822, p. 
246. : 

Macacus carbonarius, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr".1. ii, 
Oct. 1825 ; Cat. Mamm. As. Soe. Mus. 1863, p. 9. 

Macacus aureus, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Zool. Voy. de Bélanger, 1834, 
p. 58, 

Cercopithecus cynosurus, Helfer, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. vii, 1838, 


p. 858. 

Semnopithecus buku, Martin, Mag. Nat, Hist. (Charlesworth), vol. 
li, new ser. 1838, p. 435. 

Semnopithecus fascicularis, Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Zool, Soc. Mus. 
Lond. 1838 (2nd ed.), p. 4. 

Inuus (Cercocebus) cynomolgus, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. 
Ba. i, 1846, p. 135. 

Inuus (Cercocebus) aureus, Wagner, Schreber. Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. i, 
1840, p. 138. 

Semnopithecus kra, Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 65. 

Macacus auratus, Miller und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1839-44, p. 
49. 

Macacus philippensis, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Cat. Méthod. des Mammif. 
1851, p. 29. 

Inuus (Macacus) cynomolgus, Wagner, WSchreber, Saugeth. Suppl. 
Ba. v, 1855, p. 52. 

Inuus (Macacus) palpebrosus, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. 
Bd. v, 1855, p. 54. 

Pithecus (Macacus) cynomolgus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Rég. 
An. 1856, pp. 118, 120. 

Pithecus (Macacus) aureus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Rég. An. 
1856, pp. 118, 120. . 

Pithecus (Macacus) philippensis, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool, Fam. Rég. 
An. 1856, pp. 118, 120. 

Macacus fur, Slack, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelph. 1867, p. 
36 (plate). 

Macacus cristatus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, 
p. 30. 

Macacus assamensis, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, 
p. 31. 


Hab. Ivrawadi valley, Burma, through Malayan Penin- 
sula and islands ; Siam. . 


39a. A stuffed adult male and skull, No. 20A of Blyth’s 


MACACUS. 63 


Catalogue: this has evidently been a Menagerie specimen. 
Faded, but brownish-olive above with a slight rufous yellow 
tint, brightest on the head ; yellowish grey on the sides of 
the head and on the feet. Purchased, 1844. 

6. A mounted ferine adult male and its skull: olive brown 
above, passing into a greyish olive on the outside of the limbs : 
dark olive-brown on the frontal region, and greyish around the 
face, which is covered with short hairs; beard and whiskers 
rather profuse and greyish ; fingers and toes dark brown ; face 
dusky fleshy ; upper eyelids white; tail brownish above in its 
first third, olive yellowish below and pale brownish-olive in 
its last two thirds; under parts greyish, differing but little in 
tint from the outside of the limbs, but the hairs not annulated ; 
tail nearly as long as the body; hair of head smooth and 
directed backwards. Desertion Creek, Elephant Point, banks 
of Irrawadi, near Rangoon. Presented by J. Armstrong, Esq., 
27th January 1876. 

ec. The skin and skull of an adult ferine male, like the 
last specimen. Arakan. Procured by the Museum Collector, 
1871. 

d. The skin of a wild adult male. Tenasserim. Houng- 
darau, Maulmain District. Collected by Mr. Limborg. 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. 

e. The skin of a wild adult male. Tenasserim, Houng- 
darau, Moulmain District. Collected by Mr. Limborg. 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. 

J. The skin of a wild young male. Tenasserim. Houng- 
darau, Maulmain District. Collected by Mr. Limborg. 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. 

g. The skin of a wild female, Tenasserim. Houngdarau, 
Maulmain District. Collected by Mr. Limborg. Presented 
by Dr. J, Anderson, 10th December 1880. 

A.-The skull of a male, but not fully grown. No. 20D 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

z. The skull of an adult female, No. 21E of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue: teeth large. Regarded by Blyth as a skull of J 
carbonarius. Arakan. Presented by Sir Arthur P. Phayre, 
1843. 

j. The skull of an adult male. No history. 

&. The skull of an adult male. No history. 

Z. The skull of an adult female, No. 20E of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. No history. 

m. The skull of an adult female, No. 21D of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue, Arakan. Presented by Sir A. P. Phayre, 1843, 


64 MAMMALIA. 


n, The natural skeleton of a young animal. Presented 
by Dr. J. Anderson, April 1866. 


Smaller var. (If. carbonarius). 


o. A stuffed adult male and its skull: rich yellowish-brown, 
darkest on the head, paler onthe outside of the limbs; tail brown 
above at base, greyish yellow throughout the greater part 
of its extent; temporal region and sides of the face greyish, 
also the under parts of the body. No, 21A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Purchased, 1844. 

p. A stuffed adolescent male and its skull: all the teeth 
through; the animal, however, is smaller than 0; brownish 
olive, passing into grey on the sides of the head, lower half of 
the hind limbs, and under surface and inside of the limbs; 
long black superciliary hairs; upper eyelids bluish white; 
face and ears black ; tail black at the base, brown olive in the 
remainder, and greyish yellow below. Purchased, December 
1865. 

gq. A stuffed adult male and its skull: rather bright rusty 
red-brown on the head, nape, shoulders, and back, as far as the 
loins; passing into brown on the loins and into black on the 
upper surface of the tail in its proximal third ; supraorbital 
hairs black ; temporal region and sides of the head and beard 
greyish; outside of the limbs dark olive-brown, speckled 
with ‘black ; inside of the limbs, under aspect of the trunk, 
and rest of the tail below and above greyish. Presented by 
Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 12th June 1870. 

r, A stuffed young male and its skull: brown above, yel- 
low speckled ; olive grey on the outside of the limbs; tail 
blackish above and in its first portion, greyish below and in 
the rest of its extent ; supraorbital hairs and some on the fore- 
head black ; temporal region and sides of the head greyish; 
under parts greyish. Purchased, 16th October 1868. 

s. A stuffed adult female and its skull: dark olive-brown, 
speckled with yellowish and black ; paler on the limbs; black- 
ish on the base of the tail above, rest of the tail greyish yel- 
low ; head coloured as in the last specimen ; whiskers rather 
long. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th March 1868. 

t. A stuffed adolescent female and skull: the same as the 
last specimen, but the tail darker, being nearly brown. Pre- 
sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 17th April 1868. 

w. A stuffed young male and skull: resembling 437, but 
greyer on the limbs, Purchased, 17th April 1870. 

v. A stuffed young male and skull, No. 21B of Blyth’s 


MACACUS. 65 


Catalogue : uniform rich brown, darkest on the head and back, 
and brightest on the outside of the hind legs ; black supraor- 
bital hairs, with blackish hairs on the cheeks; under parts 
yellowish, with an orange tint; tail yellowish brown, dark 
brown above ; the fur has a faint trace of yellowish annulations. 
Arakan. Presented by Capt. J. Abbott, 1844, 

w. A stuffed young female and skull, No. 20C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue: yellowish brown, with an olive tinge and richly 
punctulated with yellow, paler on the limbs and darkening on 
the middle of the head, on which the hairs have broad black 
tips; supraorbital hairs black; sides of the head yellow- 
ish ; under parts yellowish white. Timor. Presented by W. H. 
Benson, Esq., 1846. 

z. A stuffed young female and skull, No. 20B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue: dark fuliginous brown, with a slightly rusty tinge 
on the hind limbs ; under parts yellowish ; the hairs show only 
a faint trace of commencing anaulations on the head, which is 
still less marked on the trunk. Nicobar Islands. Presented 
by Capt. Lewis, 1846. 

y. The skeleton of a young male. This animal was brown 
above, the hairs on the anterior half of the head being broad- 
ly tipped with black; the sacral region and outside of the 
thighs were washed with blackish; tail black above, in its 
first two thirds, under surface yellowish white. Presented 
by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 25th September 1871. 

z. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult female resembling 
399. Presented by G. Nevill, Esq., Ist July 1873. 

aa. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult female, like last 
specimen. Presented by Wm, Rutledge, Esq., 9th July 
1878. 

6b. The flat skin and skeleton of a female that resembled 
M. aureus, Is. Geoff. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq: 

ec. A very young female, in alcohol ; long hair on the crown 
of the head, tending to form a crest. Presented by O. L. 
Fraser, Esq., 9th September 1378. 

dd. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult male of the 
rufous variety. 'l'his specimen was the parent of a hybrid, 
bred in the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, from M. rhesus. 
Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 5th August 1878. 

ee. The skin and skull of an adolescent male: general 
colour dark. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th October 
1880. 

ff. A very young male, in alcohol: blackish brown above, 
brown on the outside of the limbs and tail, and yellow below ; 


E 


66 MAMMALIA. 


hair on the head rather long, but backwardly directed in two 
lines, one on either side of mesial line of frontal. Temples 
nearly bare. These are essentially the characters of extreme 
youth in this species. Purchased, 10th October 1867. 
- gg. A young male, in alcohol, and its skull. Purchased, 26th 
May 1870. 

hh. A young female, in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rut- 
ledge, Esq., 29th September 1871. 

aw. Afcetus in alcohol. Penang. Presented by Dr. F. 
Stoliczka, October 1870. 

jj. A young male, in alcohol: dark coloured. Presented 
by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 19th July 1879. 

ké. The skeleton of an adult female. Purchased, 6th Au- 
gust 1868. 

“i. The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, July 
1866. 

mm. The skull of a young female. Purchased, 20th De- 
cember 1867. 

nn. The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, 4th Janu- 
ary 1868. 

oo. The skeleton of an adult female. Purchased, 8th 
January 1870. 

pp. The skeleton of a young animal. Presented by Dr. J. 
Anderson, January 1872. 

gq. The skull of an adult female. Purchased. 


40. Macacus silenus. 


L’Ouanderou, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiv, 1766, p. 174, pl. xviii. 

The Lion-tailed Monkey (a), Pennant, Syn. Quad, 1771, p. 109, 
pl. 120, fig. 1. 

Simia leonina Shaw, Gent. Zool. vol. i, pt. i, 1800, p. 34. 

Simia silenus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., vol. i, 1766, p. 36. 

Simia veter, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. vol. i, 13th ed. 1788, p. 30. 

Cercopithecus silenus, Hraleben, Syst. Reg. An.1777 (partim), p. 26. 

Cercopithecus veter, Eraxleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. 24. 

Cercopithecus vetulus, Braleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. 25. 

Simia ferox, Shaw, Genl. Zool. vol. i, pt.1 (1800), p. 30, pl. xvi. 

Papio silenus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 102- 

soe silenus, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. t. xviii, (1817), 
p. 321. 

Macacus silenus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 63; Anderson, Anat. 
G Zool. Resch, 1878, p. 938. 

Inuus (Maimon) silenus, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Bd. i, 1840. 
p. 141, pls. xi B and xi, xi*. 

Silenus veter, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 8. 

Pithecus (Macacus) silenus, Dahibom, Ind. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 
1856, pp. 116, 119, 


MACACUS. 67 


Inuus silenus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus, 1863, p. 7; Jerd., 
Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 10. 


Hab. Southern India. 


40a. A stuffed adult male and skeleton, No. 12 A and D of 

ae Catalogue. Barrackpore Menagerie. Presented, 
843. 

6. A stuffed adolescent male, No. 12B of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq., 1848. 

c. A stuffed young female. Purchased, 1849. No. 20C of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. 

d. The skin, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent male. 
Purchased, 22nd October 1875. 

e. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of an adoles- 
cent male. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 
19th December 1876. 

Jf. The skull of an adolescent female. Purchased, 12th 
February 1866. 


41. Macacus rhesus. 


Le macaque & queue courte, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, 1789, 
p. 56, pl. xiii. 
A supposed new monkey, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 529 
(figs. of skull). 
Le rhesus, (Simia rhesus) Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, 
Fam. ii, sect. i, pl. 1. 
The wrinkled baboon, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. i, pt. 1, 1800, p. 33. 
The bandar, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. 1832, vol. i, p. 339. 
Simia erythrea, Schreber, Séugeth. 1775, pl. viii c. 
Macacus erythreus, Is. Geoff., Cut. Méthod. des Mammif. 1851, 
. 30. 
Wrens rhesus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 66, pl. vii, fig. 2 
(Buffon); Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 55. 
Inuus (Maimon) erythreus, Wagner, Schreber Stéugeth. Suppl. bd. 
' i, 1840, p. 142, pl. viii, ¢. (fig.; Buffon, ix, B.) 
Papio rhesus, Ogilby, Madr, Journ. Lit. & Se. vol. xii, 1840, 
. 144. 
ree (pithex) oinops, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. vol. ix, 
1840, p. 1212, fig. head, p. 1213. 
Macacus oinops, Gray, Hand-List Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 8. 
Inuus (rhesus) erythreus, Wagner, Schreber, Séugeth. Suppl. bd. v, 
1855, p. 56. 
Pitheous (Macacus) erythreus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 
1856, pp. 116, 119. : 
Inuus assamensis, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxxiv, 1865, 
. 192. 
2 Simia fulva, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. i, pt. 1, 1800, p. 57. 
Inuus rhesus, Js. Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 
- 101; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Beng, 1863, p. 8; Jerdon, Mamm. 
Ind. 1867, p. 11. , 


68 MAMMALIA. 


Pitheous rhesus, Desm., Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. t. xviii, 1817, 


. 326. ; 

Macseus erythreus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mamm. Oct. 1819, 
live” xi 2 et juv.; March 1821, livr” xxvi 6; May 1821, 
livy” xxviii @ March 1825, livr” xlviii. 


Hab. India generally and ascending, the Himalaya to 
7,000 feet and upwards (Simla and Nepal) ; extending into 
Assam, Arakan, and through Upper Burma to the Province 
of Yunnan, Western China. 


4la. A stuffed adult male, No. 15A of Blyth’s Catalogue 
(domesticated) : rufous on the hind limbs and hind quarters. 
No history. 

6 A stuffed adult ferine male, No. 15B of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Brown anteriorly and on the top of the head, greyish 
on the sides of the head; washed with rufous on ‘the hind 

uarters and hind limbs; greyish yellow below; tail well 
clad. Sundarbans. No history. 

e. A stuffed domesticated male, No. 15C of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Monstrously. obese; uniform yellowish brown ; bright 
rusty yellow on the hind quarters. No history. 

d. A stuffed very young animal. The young of No. 15D 
of Blyth’s Catalogue : reddish brown on the body, passing into 
brown on the head ; hair not annulated. No history. 

e. The skin and skull of an adult wild male: uniform 
brown on the upper surface of the body and tail; pale greyish 
brown on the under parts, and on the limbs; no rufous on 
the hind quarters; an almost black band of supraorbital 
hairs; moustachial hairs and those of the beard black ; 
the skull fully adult. It differs from the skull of YW. assa- 
mensis in its more elevated orbits, narrower interorbital space 
and shorter muzzle, besides being smaller in every way than 
the skull of that species. The extreme length of this skull 
is 5” 19, while the skull No. 42a, that of a male which has 
only its permanent incisors cutting, the last molar being still 
in its socket, is already 5’°54. Tke maximum breadth of this 
adult male skull across the zygomatic arches is 3-30, and that 
of the much younger skull of A/. assamensis 3°°63. This 
specimen and its skull are described in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, 
p. 529, skull figured. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th 
April 1878. 

jf. A stuffed nearly adult ferine male: yellowish grey- 
brown, passing into fawn on the hind quarters and on the 
outside of the hind limbs; tail bushy at base and black tipped. 
Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 11th May 1870. 


MACACUS. 69 


g. The skin and the skull of an adult male: like the last, 
but darker on the front of the forehead, which is almost black. 
Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th April 1870. 

h. The skin and the skull of an adolescent male: rusty 
yellow posteriorly. Sundarbans. Museum Cullector, 26th 
April 1870. 

z. The skin and the skull of an adolescent male, like the 
preceding, but not so dark on the fove quarters. Sundarbans. 
Museum Collector, 26th April 1870. 

j» The skin and the skull of a younger male: bright yel- 
low posteriorly. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th April 
1870. 

&. The skin of a young male: brown on the head and the 
middle of the back, unannulated brownish yellow on the sides, 
and bright rusty yellow on the hind quarters, tail and out- 
side of the thighs. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th 
April 1870. 

Z. The skin and the skull of an adolescent female, like the 
last. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th April 1870. 

m. The skin and the skeleton of an adolescent female: long 
black supraorbital hairs, and a whorl of black hairs on the sides 
of the head; hinder half of body bright rufous. This 
specimen (8) is the subject from which the figure, pl. i, in my 
Anat. and Zool. Resch. was taken. Kakhyen Hills. Dr. J. 
Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western 
Yunnan, 1868. 

n. The skin and the skeleton of an adolescent female: 
black supraorbital hairs very sparse, and only a few black 
hairs on the sides of the head; hinder half of the body and 
outside of hind legs rufous. This specimen is a of the Anat. 
and Zool. Resch. Hotha Valley. Dr. J, Anderson. Pre- 
sented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. 

o. The skin of a young male: black supraorbital hairs and 
on the sides of the head as in 41”; body generally yellowish, 
brick-red on the hind quarters and down the outside of the 
thighs ; upper surface of the head brownish ; antibrachium 
olive brown; tail rufous at base, brownish above and yellow- 
ish below. Samaguting, Assam. Presented by Captain 
J. Butler, 4th October 1872. 

p. The skeleton of an adult female. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 5th January 1876. 

gq. The skeleton of a female. Parchased, 22nd February 
1867. 

r. The skeleton of an adolescent male. Purchased, 16th 
April 1868. 


70 MAMMALIA. 


s. The skeleton of an adult female. Purchased, 5th 


August 1869. 

t. The flat skin and skeleton of an adolescent female. 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 7th May 1570. 

w. The skeleton of an adult female: a remarkably large 
and deep depression on the frontal over the left orbit. Pre- 
sented by Dr. J. Anderson, July 1876. 

v. The skeleton of an adolescent male. Presented by Dr. 
J. Anderson, July 1876. 

w. The skullof an adult male. Purchased, 28rd September 
1869. 

x. The skull of an adult male. Presented by Dr. J. Ander- 
son, July 1876. 

y. The skull of an adult male. Presented by O. L. Fraser, 
Esq., 17th August 1576. 

z. A young male, in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rut- 
ledge, Esq., 23rd September 1578. 


42. Macacus assamensis. 


Macacus assamensis, McClelland, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1839, 
p- 148; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 64; nec 
fem. = M. leoninus; Blyth Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. Bengal, 
1863, p. 8. 

Papio assamensis, Ogilby, Royle’s Ill. Him. Bot. Mamm. 1840, 


. lix. 
Macacus (Pithex) pelops, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. ix, 
1840, p. 1213; ébid., vol. x, p. 908. 
Macacus pelops, Schinz, Syn. Mamm., vol. i, 1844, p- 60. 
Inuus (rhesus) pelops, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. bd. v, 


1855, p. 56. 
Inuus (rhesus) assamensis, Wagner, Schreber, Siugeth. Suppl. bd. v, 


1855, p. 57. 

Inuus assamensis, Hutton, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxxiii, 1864, 
Appendix, p. xiii. 

Inuus pelops, Hutton, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxxiii, 1864, 
Appendix, p. xii; Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 11. 

Macacus problematicus, Gray, Cat. Munkeys and Lemurs, B. M., 


1870, p. 128. 
Macacus rheso-similis, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1872, p. 495, 


pl. xxv (juv). 
Hab. Himalaya, Assam, and Upper Burma. 


42a. The skin and skull of an adult male; the tail has 
about the same proportion to the body as in IL. rhesus; 
general colour rusty brown above, darkest over the shoulders 
and palest on the hind quarters and on the outside of the 
limbs, in which the brown is less marked; head with an 


MACACUS. res 


orange tint, bat many of the hairs with black tips; super- 
cilium and an area for the eyes to the ears more or less black, 
and the upper halves of the ears feebly black tufted, and their 
lower halves clad with grey hairs; under parts yellowish 
grey. The species is much larger than MW. rhesus and more 
powerfully and more compactly built, and more like a pig- 
tailed monkey in these respects. The muzzle is long and 
the face pale fleshy. Obtained near Bhamo, Upper Burma, 
Second Expedition, Western Yunnan, 1575, and presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson to the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, where it 
lived until the 19th January 1831. 

6. The skin and skull of a young male: uniform brown, 
darkest on the back. Mishmi Hills, Assam. Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 6th June 1876. 


43. Macacus leoninus. 
Macacus nemestrinus (?) Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1844, vol. xiii, 


p- 473. 
Inuus arctoides, (?) Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1847, vol. xvi, p. 
731 


Macacus leoninus, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. &§c. 1878, p. 
52. 
Macacus assamensis, Anderson, op. cit., p. 65, female figs. 7 & 8, 


nec, 

en Helfer, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. vii, 1838, p. 858. 

-Macacus andamanensis, Bartlett, Land and Water, Jwy 24, 1869, 
vol. vili, p. 57. 3 

Inuus leoninus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xliv, 1875, ex. no. 
p- 4; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc, Mus. 1863, p. 7. 


Hab. Avakan, and the valley of the Ivrawadi. 


43a. The skin of an adult male, No. 14A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue, and the type of the species: a short-legged powerful 
monkey, with long hair on the shoulders and on the humeral 
portion of the fore limb, and much shorter hair on the post- 
scapular area of the trunk; tail about one third the length 
of the trunk and head, and somewhat tufted at its tip; hair 
much annulated with brown and yellow, producing a yellowish 
brown tint, darkening on the hands and feet to brown, with 
but few annulations in these localities; hair on mesial line of 
head brown to the occiput, greyish external to this on the 
forehead and around the face and ears, but a pale brownish 
band pasess down to the orbito-malar angle above the ear ; 
whiskers, and pale brown of head, feebly annulated pale 
brown and greyish yellow; beard and whiskers well deve- 
loped, especially the Jatter, which are continuous with the 


72 MAMMALIA. 


long hair before the shoulder; belly anc hind quarters clear 
pale yellowish with a tinge of grey ; lower half of inside of 
limbs annulated as on the external surface ; tail almost black 
above and with the tuft rich rusty yellow, its under surface 
concolorous with the hind quarters. Arakan. Presented by 
Sir Arthur P. Phayre, 1844. 

6. The flat skin and the skeleton of an adolescent male: 
bright rusty rufous brown on the outside of the bind limbs 
and lower portion of the sides, which are but little annulated ; 
tail brown above, no rufous. ‘This specimen had lived some 
time in captivity. Purchased, December 1567. 

e. The skin and skeleton of an adult female, with its foetus 
in utero in alcohol: like the male, but wanting the brown on 
the head, the hair of which is but little annulated pale greyish- 
brown; whiskers forming a ruff, continuous with the well- 
developed beard ; tail pale yellowish-brown, under parts grey- 
ish. ‘The skull figured as female of M. assamensis, Anat. and 
Zool. Resch., figs. 7 & 8, p. 66. Second defile of the Irrawadi 
below Bhamo, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson, 3rd March 
1875. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan. 

d, The skull of an adult male, regarded by Blyth as the 
skull of JL. rhesus. No. 15¥F of his Catalogue. This is pro- 
bably the skull of the skin 43a. 

e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male. 
Perak. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 6th January 1878. 


44, Macacus nemestrinus. 


The Pig-tailed Monkey, Edwards, Gleanings, gc. 1758, tab. 24, vol. i, 
pp. 8, 10. 

Le Maimon ou Singe& queue de cochon, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiv, 
1766, pp. 176, 179, pl. xix. 

The Pig-tailed Baboon, Pennant, Syn. Quad. 1771, p. 105; Hist. 
Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed. 1793, p. 193. 

Le Maimon, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, 2"° fam., sect. 
i, pL. ii. 

Simia nemestrina, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed. vol. i, 1766, p. 35. 

Papio nemestrina, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. 20. 

Cynocephalus nemestrinus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini 
ed.) 1809, t. xxxvi, p. 291. 

Tnuus nemestrinus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. 1812, vol. xix, p- 
101; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 7. 

Pithecus nemestrinus, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. 1817, 
t. xviii, p. 325. : 

Macacus nemestrinus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Aott 1820, 
ae ea baie 1822, livr’. xxxvi; Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch. 
1878, p. 77. 

Sisnia carpolegus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol, xiii, 1822, p. 243. 


MACACUS. 713 


Innus (Rhesus) nemestrinus, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. 
bd. v, 1855, p. 57. 

Pithecus (Macacus) nemestrinus, Dahkibom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. 
An. 1856, pp. 115, 118. 


Hab. Malayan Peninsula, south of Tenasserim, Sumatra 
and Borneo. 


44a, A stuffed adult male: deep black on the vertex and 
from the shoulder to the tail, the upper surface of which is 
also black: the black of the head extends in a narrow line 
downwards, before the ear ; fur short on the shoulders. Pur- 
chased, 13th July 1867. 

6. A stuffed adult male and its skull: fur rather long on 
the shoulders and wavy, and annulated with yellow and deep 
brown; dark brown on the top of the head; the dark-coloured 
line before the ear but little pronounced; no black on the 
back. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Iisq., 10th May 1870. 

ce. The skin and skull of an adult male, No. 18B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Purchased, 1843. 

d. A stuffed adult male, resembling 4 in the length and 
annulation of its fur, but nearly black on the back; stripe 
before the ear well marked. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 27th September 1869. 

e. A stuffed somewhat younger male than d, with its skele- 
ton, No. 138A of Blyth’s Catalogue: the fur on the shoulders 
shorter than ¢; hands and feet tending to dark brown. Pur- 
chased, 1843-52. 

j. A stuffed much younger male: fur with only a trace of 
annulation ; vertex brownish black; back washed with black ; 
sides and limbs greyish yellow; band before the ear moder- 
ately defined. Purchased, 9th November 1866. 

g- A stuffed still younger male: top of the head black, also 
the mesial line of the back from the shoulders along the 
upper surface of the tail; outside of the limbs brownish yel- 
low. Purchased, 6th September 1866. 

h. A stuffed somewhat younger male, intermediate between 
fand g. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th March 
1870. 

2. A stuffed still younger male: head brown, no black on 
the back. Purchased, 28th August 1867. 

j. Vhe skin of an adult male. Purchased, 28th October 
1869. 

k. The skin of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rut- 
ledge, Esq., 23rd July 1871. 

. The skin of a young male. Purckased, 25th June 1369. 


74 MAMMALIA. 


m. The skin and skull of a young female: doll fuliginous 
brown; black on the head and from behind the shoulders 
along the middle of the back. Presented by O. L. Fraser, 
Esq., 29th April 1876. 

nv. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of an adult 
male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 3rd November 1878. 

o. The skin and the skeleton of an adult male. The fore- 
arms are bent, although both are healthy hard bones. Pre- 
sented by the Zoological Gardens, 17th March 1877. 

p. The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, 1S65. 

q. The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, 1466. 

7. The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, 6th August 
1866. 

s. The skeleton of an adolescent male. Purchased, 17th 
September 1566. 

t. The skull of an adolescent male. Purchased, 18th Sep- 
tember 1866. 

w. The skull of an adult male. No history. 

v. The skeleton of a young male: 19 caudal vertebre. Pur- 
chased, 27th December 1867. 

w. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 6th July 1869. 

zw. The skeleton of a young female. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 5th August 1869. 

y. The skeleton of an adolescent female. No history. 

z. The skeleton of an adult male. No history. 

aw. A skull. No history. 

6. The skull of an adolescent female. No history. 


45. Macacus arctoides. 


Macacus speciosus, #. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Fevy. 1825, 
livr”. xlvii. 

Macacus arctoides, Zs. Geoff. St.-Hil., Waq. de Zool. 1833, el. i, pl. ii 
(adult); Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 45, pls. i, ii. 

Macacus maurus, Js. Geoff. St.-Hil. Voy. de Bélanger, Zool. 1834, 

. 61. 

apie melanotus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 31. 

Cynopithecus speciosus, Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 101. 

Inuus (Maimon) arctoides, Wagner, Schreber. Sdugeth. Suppl. bd. 
1, 1840, p. 146. 

? Macacus ursinus, Gervais, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1854, p- 93. 

Inuus (Inuus) arctoides, Wagner, Schreber, Stiugeth. Suppl. bd. v, 
1855, p. 57. 

Pithecus (Macacus) arctoides, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An, 
1856, pp. 116, 118. : 

Pithecus arctoides, B/ainville, Ostéogr. Mamm. t. i, p. 44, 1839-64 
atlas u, pl. vii (skull). z 


MACACUS. 75 


Macacus tibetanus, A. M. Edwards, Comptes Rendus, Février 14, 
1870, vol. Ixx, p. 341; Rech. des Mammif. 1868-74, p. 244, 
pls. xxxiv et xxxv. 


Macacus melanotus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M., 1870, 
p- 29. 


Macacus brunneus, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 628; 1872, 
pp. 203-212, pl. xii (juv.); 1874, p. 652. 


Inuus speciosus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xliv, 1875, ex. 
no. p. 6. 


Hab. High country of Cochin China, north-west to 
Yunnan and Assam, and to Eastern Tibet (Moupin). 


45a. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a finé adult 
male. In life this animal was a dark rich brown, compact, 
powerful monkey, with rather short limbs, intensely scarlet 
face, rather long muzzle, rudimentary tail, short radiating 
hair on the forehead, and long hair on the rest of the head 
falling forwards over the forehead, the hair before the ears 
and behind the cheeks being also directed anteriorly ; the 
hair on the neck especially long and also on the shoulders, 
4% inches to 3 inches on the hinder half of the body; the 
colour darkest on the head and neck, but a decided reddish 
tinge on the hinder half of the body and external to the 
callosities ; the latter and the huge scrotum and much-spined 
penis were rich scarlet in life; the upper surface of the 
hands and feet tend to black ; under parts pale rufous brown ; 
the hair more or less annulated, the annulations being espe- 
cially numerous on the long hairs of the anterior parts. ‘Lhe 
skull has the general features of the skull of J/. nemestrinus, 
but with a less powerful and considerably shorter muzzle. 
Kakhyen Hills; Bhamo, Upper Burma. Presented to the 
Zoological Gardens by Dr. J. Anderson. 

6. A stuffed young male, its skeleton and its entire 
viscera preserved in alcohol: dark brown, more or less blotched 
with blackish; hair laterally divided on the forehead and 
radiating on the crown; ears with long hair on the inner 
aspect, projecting a long way external to their margins. The 
type of H. drunneus, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1871, 
p- 628. Kakhyen Hills, to the east of Bhamo, Upper Burma. 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 4th December 1872. 

ec. A young male, in alcohol: brown, but with the sides of 
the head yellowish, said to have been procured at Sadiya, 
Assam. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 30th June 1876. 

d, A young male, in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 19th October 1878. 


76 MAMMALIA, 


e. The skin and skeleton of a young female from Tipperah. 
Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 17th October 1878. 
J: Ayoung female, in alcohol. Purchased, 20th March 1879. 


46. Macacus maurus. 


Macacus maurus, & Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mamm. 1823, Avril, livr’. 
xl; Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 80. 

Magus maurus, Lesson, Man. de Mamm. 1827, p. 44. 

Simia cuvieri, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 30. 

Cynocephalus niger (?) Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. de Ul Astrolabe Zool. 
vol. i, 1830, p. 67. 

Macacus arctoides, Is. Geoff. St..Hil., Zool. du Voyage de Bélanger, 
1834, p. 61 (partim). 

Macacus melanotus, Schinz (partim), Syn. Mamm. bd. i, 1844, p. 59, 

Tnuus maurus, Vrolik, Todd's Cyclop. Anat. & Phys. 1852, vol. iv, 

. 197. 

‘iid cacas (Gymnopyga) inornatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866. p. 202, 

pl. xix. 


Hab. North-West Borneo. 


46a. A stuffed adolescent male, and its skull and bones of 
the trunk : brown, darkest on the forehead and on the hands and 
feet, which are darker than the body, but not black, and 
palest on the sides, back of the head and neck, which are pale 
yellowish-brown ; tail very short ; face and ears dusky black. 
Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th June 1871. 

6. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult 
male: dark ashy brown, paler on the head and sides of the neck, 
and palest on the back of the thighs, where the colour is ashy 
grey ; face black ; the skull has continuous superciliary ridges, 
and a very strong malo-temporal ridge; the upper canines 
have been either extracted or shed, but the canine eminences 
on the face remain; the bones of the trunk are much dis- 
eased, evidently affected by rickets, the pelic bones being 
bent downwards to an extraordinary degree, also the lower 
margin of the scapula. This specimen lived long in confine- 
ment, notwithstanding these deformities. Presented by 
O. L, Fraser, Esq., 28th October 1880. 

e. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of an adult 
male: like the last, but slightly darker on the head; a ferine 
individual, showing supraorbital ridges, well-defined canine 
eminences, the muzzle being concave on each side from before 
the malar. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., $th June 1581. 

d. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of an adult 
ferme male: like the last specimen. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 20th August 1880. 


MACACUS. 717 


-e, The skin and skull of an adult female: like the preced- 
ing males; canines feeble, also their ridges. Presented by 
Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 4th June 1880. 

J. The skin and skull of a nearly adult female: like the last. 
Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 21st November 1880. 

g- Skin and skull of an adult female : resembling preceding 
ie Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd August 

880. 

4. The skin and skull of a young male: pale brown, 
palest on the head and passing into dark brown on the hands 
and feet; skull with milk dentition. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 4th July 1880. 

z. Skeleton of a young male. Presented by Wm. Rut- 
ledge, Esq., 4th June 1850. 

j. A young male, inalcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 2Uth May 1880. 


51. Macacus ocreatus. 


Papio ochreatus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 56. 

Macacus fusco-ater, Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. i, 1844, p. 58. 

Inuus (Inuus) fusco-ater, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. vol. v, 
1855, p. 59. 

Macacus ocreatus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 420, pl. Ixxxii; 
Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 81. 

Macacus ochreatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc, vol. xliv, 1875, ex. ‘no. p. 7. 


Hab. Celebes. 


47a. A stuffed adolescent male and its skull, No. 16 of 
Blyth’s Catalogue': dark brown, except on the forearm from 
below the elbow, the hind leg from below the knee, the inside 
of the limbs, and the buttocks, which are grey ; chest and belly 
brown, face black; a considerable bare area around the 
callosities ; tail about 2 inches long. Presented by the Maha- 
rajah of Burdwan, 1858. 

6. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent 
male: upper surface glossy black brown; the front of the bra- 
chium and the outer surface of the limbs from the elbow and 
knee ashy grey, also the back of the thighs and the insides of 
the limbs; throat and chest also ashy grey ; the rest of the 
under surface of the body dull black-brown, the hair on the 
head tending to form a crest on the vertex; hairs along the 


1 This specimen was marked No, (10 Papio lewcophaeus) and is evidently, 
from the way in which the skin has been prepared, a specimen from the Maha- 
rajah of Burdwan, but it is a male, whereas the Ape referred by Blyth 
to P.,leucophaeus was a female. 


78 MAMMALIA. 


upper lip and chin black; the upper milk canines are pre- 
sent, two permanent molars appearing ; upper incisors large ; 
a swelling over the region of the upper canines. Presented 
by W. Rutledge, Esq., 22nd February 1880. 

c. The skin, ; skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent 
male: wholly black, with the exception of the back of the 
thighs, which are brownish grey; throat grey, and a tinge 
of grey down the inner aspect of the forearms and partially 
on the chest; a tendency to form acrest; face black; tail 
rudimentary. 

The skull is distinguished by considerable rotundity and 
breadth across the orbits. Jf. ocreatus and M. maurus 
have a narrow interorbital region, and the facial (maxillary) 
portion of the skull is not raised over the canines as in 
C. niger ; moreover, this species hasa tendency to flattening 
of the suborbital maxillary area—a feature which is charac- 
teristic of the skull of Cynopithecus niger. The latter species, 
however, has a peculiar feature in the great narrowness across 
its orbits, the combined breadth of which is much less than the 
malar region: neither Mf. ocreatus nor M. maurus exhibits this 
feature. The nasals of this species are much smaller than those 
of M. maurus. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 24th 
August 1878. 


Genus CYNOPITHECUS, Is. Geoff., 1835. 


48. Cynopithecus niger. 


Cynocephalus niger, Desmarest, Mamm. 1822, Suppl. p. 534. 

Cynocephalus malayanus, Desmoulins, Dict. Class. "7 Hist. Nat. t. v, 
1824, p. 26 

Papio niger, Griffith, An. Kingd. vol. v (1847), p. 23; Temminck, 
Poss. Néerland dans U Inde Archip. t. iii, 1847, p. 111. 

Macacus maurus (?), Quoy § Gaimard, Voy. de UAstrolabe Zool. 
t. i, 1831, p. 67. 

Macacus niger, Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Zool. Soc. Lond. Mus. 
1838, 2nd ed., p. 8. 

Inuus (Maimon) niger, Wagner, Schreber, Séugeth. Suppl. bd. i, 
1840, p. 147. 

Cynopithecus niger, Is. Geoff. St-Hil., Zool. du Toy. de Bélanger, 
1834, p. 66. 

Cynovephalus (Cynopithecus) niger, Wagner, Schreber, Siugeth. Suppl. 
bd. v, 1855, p. 61. 


Hab, Celebes. 


48a. A stuffed adult female, and skull: tail a mere knob. 
Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 28th September 1871. 


CYNOPITHECUS. 79 


4. A stuffed adult female, the bones of the trunk and the 
viscera in alcohol: tail half an inch long. Presented by 
Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 16th January 1872. 

e. A stuffed adult female: tail a mere knob. Purchased, 
12th January 1870. 

d. A stuffed half-grown female: tail about half an inch 
long, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 28th February 
1871. 

e. A stuffed young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 11th April 1871. 

J. The skin of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rut- 
ledge, Esq., 5th June 1871. 

g- Theskin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult 
male: the skull is very large and has enormous canines, with 
a very prominent canine eminence; the orbits are backwardly 
thrown, the facial portion of the skull elongated, forwardly 
projected, flat in front and laterally perpendicular and con- 
cave ; the malar at its Junction with the maxillary is swollen, 
and the nasal aperture is nearly as large as one half of an 
orbit. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 9th August 
1880. 

4. The skin and skull of a young male: brownish-black 
trunk, passing into black on the limbs and head; the back 
of the thighs with a faint trace of grey, Presented by 
W. Rutledge, Esq., 8th September 1880. 

a. The skeleton of an adult female. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 9th January 1871. 

j. The skull of an adolescent female. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 11th February 1871. 

k. The skeleton of an adolescent male. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq,, 3rd August 1871. 

i. The skeleton of a young male. Presented by Wm. Rut- 
ledge, Esq., 7th December 1871. 

m. The ligamentary skeleton of an adult female. Present 
ed by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 29th October 1871. 

n. The skeleton of avery young female, Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 13th January 1872. 

o. The skeleton of a young male. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 3rd June 1872. 

p. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 5th September 1875. 

g. The scapul, clavicles, pelvis, ribs, and vertebre, and the 
viscera in alcohol of a young female. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 13th December 1871. 


80 MAMMALIA. 


7. The mounted skeleton of an adult female. Presented 
by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th May 1871. 


IIT.—Sus-Famity CYNOCEPHALINA. 


Genus CYNOCEPHALUS, Brisson, 1756, 
49. Cynocephalus hamadryas. 


Tartarin, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif,. livr’. v, Avril, 1819. 

Simia hamadryas, Linn., Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1766, p. 36; Schreber, 
Sdugeth. bd. i (1774), p. 82, pl. x. 

Simia aegyptica, Hasselquist, Reise nach Palaest. 1762-68, p. 189. 

Papio hamadryas, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, 


p. 103. 
Cynocephalus thoth, Ogi/by, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1848, p. 11. 
Hamadryas aegyptica, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, 
p. 34. 


Hab. Abyssinia and Arabia. 


49a. A stuffed adult male. Purchased, 6th October 1866. 

b. The head of an adolescent male. Purchased, 29th Janu- 
ary 1867. 

ec. The skin of an adult male. Hadoda, near Annesley 
Bay, Abyssinia. W.T. Blanford, Esq. Abyssinian Expedi- 
tion, 1868. 

d,e. Two skulls of adult males. Lebka Valley, Abyssinia. 
W. T. Blanford, Esq. Abyssinian Expedition, 1868. 

J. A stuffed young female, apparently this species. Pur- 
chased, 7th February 1870. 

g- The skin of a young female. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 11th March 1877. 

A. The skin, skull, and scapule of an adolescent male. These 
bones are quite light and very friable, and the scapula is thrown 
into folds as if it had been a piece of papier-maché. This 
diseased condition of the bones is not unfrequently observed 
among monkeys reared from an early age in captivity. Pur- 
chased, 5th January 1878. 

i, The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, 6th January 
1880. 

jy. A stuffed young male and its skull, marked No. 16A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue, which is Macacus assamensis, McClelland, 
but in the Catalogue the species stands with a point of 
interrogation. Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 
1848. 


CYNOCEPHALUS, 81 


50. Cynocephalus doguera. 
Cynocephalus babouin, Riippell, Neug Wirbelthiere, 1835, p. 7, partim 
(nec auctorum). 


Cyuocephalus doguera, Pucheran et Schimper, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1856, p. 96, et 1857, p. 250. ° 
a eat porearius, Kitzinger, Sitagsber, Ak. Wiss. Wien. 1866, 


p- e 
Papio doguera, Schlegel, Mus. de Pays-Bas Simie, 1876, p- 126, 
Hab, Abyssinia. 


50a. A stuffed fully adult male, and the bones of the trunk; 
uniform yellowish olive on the whiskers and over all the body, 
above and below, except on the hands and feet, which are black, 
or nearly so ; hair long (6 inches) and coarse on the front part 
of the body, basal portion (2 inches) ashy grey, the remainder 
banded nine times with orange and black, the first and last band 
the narrowest ; 12 ribs; 25 caudal vertebre. Purchased, 8th 
January 1870. 

6. The skin of an adult male, its skull, and the bones of the 
trunk. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 14th June 1876. 

ce. The skin and skeleton of an adult female: like the male, 
but smaller, and the feet uniform with the body. Presented 
by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 30th June 1876. 

a. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult. Presented by 
Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 15th August 1876. 


51. Cynocephalus porcarius. 


Chacma, F. Cuv., Nat. Hist. des Mammif. livre’. vii, Juin 1819. 

Simia porcaria, Bodd., Natur. livr®. 22, p. 1, pl. 1. 

Simia sphingiola, Hermann, Obs. Zool. vol. i (1804), p. 2. 

Papio porcarius, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. vol. xix (1812), p. 102, 
Cynocephalus ursinus, Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. i, 1844, p. 64. 
Cynocephalus porearius, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 6. 


Hab. South Africa. 


5la. Astuffed adult male, No. 11A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Presented by E. L. Layard, Esq., Cape Town Museum, 1859. 

6, A stuffed young male and its skull; No. 11B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Purchased, 1846. 

e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent 
female. Although this animal was far from being adult, it 
had huge swellings around the vaginal orifice while alive. 
The bones of the skull are enormously thickened and heavy, 
but those of the face are softened. This animal lived in 


F 


82 _ MAMMALIA, 


the Zoological Gardens for some years and during that period 
appeared quite healthy. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 
29th October 1880. 

d. A newly born male in alcohol: a hybrid between this 
species and Macacus nemestrinus. Presented by Raja Rajendra 
Mullick, Bahadur, 1862. 


52. Cynocephalus maimon. 


Le Mandrill, Audebert, Nat. Hist. des Singes, 1797, fam. ii, sect. 2, fig. 
1; F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1821; 1824, liv™ xxix et xli. 

Simia maimon, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 35. 

Papio mormon, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. 1812, t. xix, p. 104. 

Mormon maimon, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M. 1870, p. 36. 

Papio maimon, Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, 1876, livr®. 12, 
Simia, p. 130; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 6. 


* Hab. Western Africa. 


* 

52a. A stuffed adult male, No. 9A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858. 

b. A stuffed adult female, No. 9B of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858. 


I].—Svus-Orper PLATYRRHINI. 


I.—Famity CEBIDA. 


Genus MYCETES, Illiger, 1811. 


53. Mycetes ursinus. 


Simia ursina, Humb., Recueil d’Observ. de Zool. 1811-14, p, 329, fig. 30. 
Stentor ursinus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 108. 
Mycetes ursinus, Kuhl, Beitr. 1820, p. 29. 


Hab, Brazil. 


53a. The skin of an adult male: yellowish on the dorsal 
surface and otherwise brown throughout. By exchange, 21st 
January 1879. 


54. Mycetes seniculus. 


Alouate, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xv, 1767, p. 5; Suppl., t. vii, 1789, 
pl. 25; Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, fam. 5, sect. 1, fig. 1. 

Simia seniculus, Linn., Hist. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, p. 37. 

Stentor seniculus, Geoff St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 107. 


MYCETES. 83 


Mycetes seniculus, Kuhl, Beitr. 1820, p. 28. 

Mycetes stramineus, Spix (nec Geoffroy), Sim. Brazil, p. 45, pl. 81. 
Stentor chrysurus, Zs. Geoff, Mem, du Mus. t. xvii, 1828, p. 166. 
Mycetes laniger, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xvi, 1845, p. 219. 
Mycetes auratus, Gray, Aun. g& Mag. Nat. Hist. op. cit., p. 220. 


Hab. Brazil, Guiana, and Bolivia. 
54a. The skin of an adult female: reddish chestnut, 


golden yellow on the dorsal surface, from the shoulders to the 
root of the tail. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 


55. Mycetes palliatus. 


Mycetes palliatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1848, p. 138, pl. 6; 
Sclater, op. cit. 1872, p. 7. 


Hab, Nicaragua. 


55a. The skin of an adult female: black throughout, with 
a few silvery hairs from the axilla along the side. Panama. 
By exchange, 21st January 1879. 


Genus ATELES, Geoff., 1806. 


56. Ateles ater. 
Ateles ater, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. live”. xxxix, Mars, 1823. 
Hab. Peru, between 2° and 14° S, Lat. 
56a. The skin of an adult female. Brazil. By exchange, 
21st January 1879. 
57. Ateles paniscus. 


Le Coaita, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xv, 1767, p. 25, pl. 1. 
Simia paniscus, Linn. Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1788, p. 36. 
Ateles paniscus, Geoff. St.- Hil., Ann, du Mus. . vii, p. 270. 


Hab. Guiana, Lower and Upper Amazon Valley, Rio 
Negro, banks of the Madeira, &. 


57a. The skin of an adult male. By exchange, 2lst 
January 1879. 


58. Ateles geoffroyi. 


Atel ffroyi, Kuhl, Beitr. 1820, p. 26. 

‘Aisles eens ic Desm., Mamm. 1820, p. 76; _Sclater, Proe. Zool. 
Soc. 1871, p. 226, pl. xv et fig. skull; op. cet. 1875, p. 419, pls. 
48 & 49. 


84 MAMMALIA. 


Ateles belzebuth var. trianguligera, Weinland, Zool. Garten, Bd. iit, 
1862, pl. 207. 

Ateles melanochir et hybridus, et A. frontatus, A. ornatus et A. albi- 
frons, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., pp. 43, 44, 1870. 

Ateles variegatus et Eriodis frontatus v. Frantzius, Wiegmann, Archiv. 
vol. 35, part 1, 1869, pp. 257, 258. 


Hab, Central America, Southern Mexico to Verragua. 


58a. The skin of an adult female: pale greyish-yellow, 
with a black forehead, hands, feet, and knees ; with ‘blackish 
under the antibrachium. Central America. By exchange, 
21st January 1879. 

&. The skin of an adult: black above, with an intermixture 
of grey hairs, passing into yellowish grey towards the rump ; 
under surface greyish yellow, golden on the insides of the 
thighs. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 

ce. The skin, skeleton, and the viscera in alcohol of an ado- 
lescent female: black, with a few yellowish hairs scattered 
throughout. This skull has three ossa triquetra, a large 
one between the frontal and parietals, and two smaller ones 
between these latter bones and the occipital. Presented by 
Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th August 1878. 


59. Ateles chuva. 


Ateles chuva, Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays- Bas, 1876, p. 175, 
et syn. 
Hab. North-Eastern Peru, Ecuador and the mountains of 
Guiana. 


59a. The skin of an adult male: black on the upper sur- 
face and along the outside of the humerus and the first half of 
the tail ; outer side of the thigh blackish, with an intermixture 
of yellow ; lower half of limbs yellowish, with intermixed black 
hairs; hands and feet yellowish, with intermixed black hairs ; 
under surface of body yellowish ; forehead golden yellow ; ear 
black ; whiskers and hairs on mouth white ; eyebrows and hairs 
on the rest of the face black. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 


Genus CEBUS, Erxleben, 1777. 


60. Cebus flavus. 


Simia flavia, Schreber, Sdugeth., pl. 31B., 

Cebus flavus, Geoff: St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 112. 
Cebus fulvus, Desm., Mamm. 1820, p. 83. 

Cebus pallidus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys § Lemurs, B, M., 1870, p. 49. 


CEBUS. 85 


Hab, Brazil and Bolivia. 


60a. The skin of an adult male: pale brown, passing into 
black on the head and becoming paler on the fore limbs, and 
darker on the hands and feet, and on the upper surface of the 
tail ; sides of the face greyish ; under surface greyish, with a 
tinge of yellow. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 


61. Cebus capucinus. 


Le Sajou male, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. liv". xii, Novr. 1819. 
Cebus capucinus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann, du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p.111. 


Hab. Guiana. 


61a. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by the 
Zoological Gardens, 15th October 1880. 


62. Cebus hypoleucus. 


Simia capucina var. a, Audebert, Hist. des Singes et Makis, 1794, fam. 
5, sect. ii, fig. 4, 

Simia hypoleuca, Humb., Rec. d’Obs. de Zool. 1811-14, p. 336. 

Cebus hypoleucus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. iii ; 
F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mamm. livr". xvi, Mai 1820. 


Hab. Guiana. 


62a. The skin of anadult male: black above; forehead, side 
of face, throat, chest, and front of shoulders yellowish white ; 
belly pale brown, By exchange, 21st January 1879. 

6. The skin and skeleton of a female. Purchased, 16th De- 
cember 1878. 
'-e, The skin and skull of a young male. Purchased, 28rd 
December 1879. 

d. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of a young 
male. Purchased, 27th November 1879. 


Genus NYCTIPITHECUS, Spix, 1823. 


63. Nyctipithecus felinus. 
Nyctipithecus felinus, Spix, Sim. et Vesper Brazil, 1823 p. 24, pl. 18. 
Hab. Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentine Republic, 


68a. An adult in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 16th September 1880. 


86 MAMMALIA, 


Genus PITHECIA, Desmarest, 1804. 


64, Pithecia nocturna. 


Simia pithecia, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 40; Schreber, Sdugeth. Bd. i, 


1774, p. 125, pl, xxxii. 
Pithecia nocturna et adusta, Illiger, Abhandl. der Berlin Akad. 


1804-11, p. 107. 
Pithecia rufiventer et leucocephala, Geoff. St.-Hil., t. xix, pp. 116-17, 


1812. ; 
Pithecia rufiventer, adusta, rufibarbata, et ochrocephala, Awhl, Beitr. 


1820, pp. 43, 44. 
Pithecia capillamentosa, Spix, Sim. et Vesper Brazil, 1823, p. 16, pl. 11. 


Pithecia pogonias, Gray, Zool. Sulph. p. 13, pl. 2. 
Pithecia chrysocephala, Is. Geoff., Cat. des Mamméf. 1851, p. 55. 


Hab. Guiana. 


64a. The skin of an adult female: brownish black, the 
hairs with a subterminal white band; under surface rufous ; 
moustache yellowish. Eriquito River, British Guiana. By 
exchange, 21st January 1879. 


65. Pithecia satanas. 


Couxio, Humd., Rec. d’Obs. Zool. 1811, p. 314, pl. 27. 

Cebus satanas, Hoffmansegg, Ges. Naturforscher, Bd. x, p. 93, 1807. 

Pithecia satanas, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 115; 
Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 712, pl. 41. 

Chiropotes ater, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 61. 


Hab. Lower Amazon; near Paré, British Guiana. 


65a. An adult male, in alcohol, Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 18th August 1879. 


Gsnus CHRYSOTHRIX, Kaup, 1835. 


66. Chrysothrix sciurea. 


Le Saimiri, maui Hist. Nat. des Singes et Makis, fam. 5, sect. 2, 
1. 7, 179 i 
sinia sciurea, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 43; Schreber, 
Sdiugeth., pl. xxx. : 
Callithrix sciureus, Geoff. S¢t.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t, xix, 1812, p. 113. 
Chrysothrix sciurea, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Ba, v, 1855, 


p. 120, tab. 9. 
Chrysothrix sciureus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc, Mus. 1863, p. 16. 


Hab. Guiana and Brazil. 


HAPALE. 87 


66a. A stuffed adult. No. 40A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Pre- 
sented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1844. 

6, Theskull. No. 40B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by 
A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1844. 

c. The skin and skeleton, and the viscera in alcohol of an adult 
male. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 30th October 1878. 

d, Skin of anadult male. By exchange, Ist January 1879. 

e. An adult inalcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 
30th September 1879. 

J. A young male in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 20th May 1879. 


Il.—Famity HAPALIDA. 


Genus HAPALE, Kuhl, 1820. 


67. Hapale jacchus. 


L’Ouistiti, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xv, 1767, p. 96, pl. 14. 

Simia jacchus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 40; Schreber, 
Sdugeth, pl. 33. 

Hapale jacchus, [iliger, Prod. Syst. Mamm. 1811, pp. 71, 72; Kuhl, 
Beitr. 1820, p. 46. 

Jacchus vulgaris, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, p. 119; Blyth, 
Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 16. 


Hub. Brazil. 


67a. A stuffed male and skull, No. 41A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Hsq., 1864. 

6. The skull of a stuffed male, No. 41B of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Presented by E. Blyth, Esq., 1851. 

ce. A mounted adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Ksq., 24th July 1873. 

d. A mounted adult female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 24th July 1873. 

e. A mounted adult female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 24th July 1873. 

jf. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult 
male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th October 1876. 

g & h. Two young in alcohol, born in Calcutta. Nos. 41E 
and F of Blyth’sCatalogue. Presented by HK. Blyth, Esq., 1851. 

i. The skeleton of a female, No. 41C of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Presented by E. Blyth, Esq., 1852. 

j. The skin and skull of a young female. Presented by 
Wn. Rutledge, Esq., 9th September 1872. 


88 MAMMALIA. 


68. Hapale penicillata. 


Jacchus penicillatus, Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 119. 
J boahns vulgaris, Gray, Cat. Monkeys §& Lemurs, B. M., 1870, var. 3, 
p- 63. 


Hab. Brazil. 


68a. The skin of an adolescent male, its skull and viscera. 
Presented by Mr. H. Swaries, 15th January 1869. 

6. A mounted adult female and its skull. Presented by 
Wn. Rutledge, Esq., 6th March 1871. 


69. Hapale pygmaea. 
ee a pygmaeus, Spizr, Sim. et Vesper Brazil, 1823, p. 32, pl. 24, 
2. 


s 
Hapale pygmaea, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Cat. Mamm. 1851, p. 61. 
Cebuella pygmaea, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 64. 


Hab, Eastern Peru, 
69a. A mounted adult. By exchange, 2lst January 1879. 


70. Hapale rosalia. 


Le Marikina, Buffon, Nat. Hist. t. xv, 1767, p. 108, pl. 16. 

Simia rosalia, Zinn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, p. 41. 

Hapale rosalia, Illiger, Prod. Syst. Mamm., 1811, p. 72. 

Midas rosalia, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, p. 121. 

Leontopithecus rosalia, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, 
p- 65. 


Hab. Brazil. 


70a, The skin of an adult: pale golden yellow; rufous 
around the face and along the neck, on the under surface 
and the lower portion of the limbs, with the exception of 
the fore feet, which are black, with a tinge of rufous above, the 
hind feet being pale golden yellow; the tail slightly dusky. 
Brazil. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 

6. A stuffed adult male, its skull and skeleton. Presented 
by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 3rd November 1880. 

c. The skeleton of an adult male. By exchange, 28th May 
1880. 

71. Hapale cedipus. 

Le Pinche, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xv, 1767, p.114, pl. 17; Audebert, 

Singes et Makis, fam. 6, sect. ii, pl. 1; #. Cuv., Nat. Hist. des 


Mammif. livr’. lix, Janvier 1829. 
Titi de Carthagéne, Humb., Rec. d’Obs, Zool, 1811-14, p. 337, 


MAPALE, 89 


Simia cedipus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 41; Schreber, Sdu- 
geth, pl. 34. 


Midas cedipus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 122; Cat. 
Mammif. 1851, p. 62. 

J: acchus cedipus, Desmarest, Mamm, 1820, p. 96. 

CEdipus titi, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 65. 

sala oe cedipus, Schlegel, Mus. d’Hist, Nat. des ,Pays-Bas, 1876, 
p. 258, 


Hab. Columbia. 


V1a, The skin of an adult: head, throat, and under parts 
white, also the lower half of the brachium, antibrachium, 
and thigh ; upper half of the tail chestnut, lower half black: 
the remaining parts of the trunk brownish, with a greyish 
olive tint and an intermixture of black and chestnut, the lat- 
ter on the sides of the neck and on the back of the thigh, 
the black occurring chiefly on the lower half of the trunk. 
By exchange, 21st January 1879. 

6. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 24th May 1879. 

e. An adult male in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rut. 
ledge, Esq., 13th September 1880. 

d. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult female. Present- 
ed by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th September 1880. 

e. The skin and skull of an adult male. Presented by 
Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 28th October 1880. 


72. Hapale leucopus. 


Hapale leucopus, Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1876, p. 748, 
pl. lxxii. 


Hab. Columbia. 


72a. The skin of an adult male: silvery grey above, with 
an intermixture of fuliginous, specially on the occiput, which is 
dark brown, and on the base of the tail, the tip of which is 
white ; the lower half of the outside of the limbs silvery white ; 
forehead and hairs of face short, sparse, and white; throat 
dusky fuliginous; chest and under parts rich rufous. Antio- 
quia, U.S. of Columbia. By exchange, 21st January, 1879. 

6. The skin of an adolescent. By exchange, 21st Janu- 
ary 1871. 


73. Hapale ursula. 


Le Tamarin négre, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, p. 116, pl. 32; 
Oe dekard. Hist. eae Singes et Makis, 1797, fam. vi, sect, ii, pl. 
6; F. Cuv., Hist, Nat. des Mammif. live". ix, Sept. 1819. 


90 MAMMALIA. 


Saguinus ursula, Hoffm., Mag. der Berl. Naturf. Freunde, 1807, vol. x 
p. 102. 

Midas ursulus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus, t. xix, 1812, p. 121. 

Jacchus ursulus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 94. 

Hapale ursula, Wagner, Schreber, Stiugeth. Suppl. Bd. i, 1840, p. 246. 


Hab, Brazil. 


73a. A stuffed nearly adult male, its skull and bones of the 
trunk: face and fur jet black, with the exception of the 
back, from the shoulders to the root of the tail, which is more 
or less transversely banded with ferruginous. In the skull 
there appears to be the permanent absence of the last molar on 
the right side. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., May 1879. 

6. An adult female in alcohol: the back more or less banded 
with rufous. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 14th May 
1879. 


Il—Orprr PROSIMLA, 


1.—Famity LEMURIDA. 
1.—Svus-Famity LEMURINA, 


Gsyus LEMUR, Linn., 1758. 


74, Lemur catta. 


Le Mococo, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiii, 1765, p. 184, pl. 22; Audedert, 
Hist. Nat. des Makis, fig. 4; F. Cuv., Nat. Hist. des Mammif. 
live". v, Avril 1819. 

Lemur catta, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 45; Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann, du 
Mus. +. xix, 1812, p. 161; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, 
p.17; Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 72; Schlegel, 
Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, Simie, 1876, p. 314, 

Prosimia catta, Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 223. 


Hab. Central part of Madagascar to Mouroundava on the 
west coast and Andrahoumbe on the east coast.—Schlegel. 


74a, A stuffed male in bad condition, and its skull. 
No. 46A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Madagascar. Presented by 
Dr. E, F. Kelaart, 1852, ; 

é. The skin and skeleton of a male. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 4th February 1876. 


LEMUR. 91 


75. Lemur varius. 


Le Vari, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiii, 1765, p. 204, pl. 27 & ; Audebdert, 
Nat. Hist. des Makis, 1797, figs.5 & 6; F. Cuv., Nat. Hist. des 
Mammy, livr’. xliii, Aodt, 1824. 

Lemur Macaco, Schreber, Stugeth. Bd. i, p. 142, pl. xl, B (nec Linn.) 

Maki roux, F. Cuv., Nat. Hist. des Mammif. Avril 1820, livr®. xv. 

Lemur macaco et- ruber, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann, du Mus. t. xix, 1812, 

. 159. 

Ladar varius, Is, Geoffroy St.-Hil., Cat. des Mammif. 1851, p. 71; 
Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, 1876, p. 301. 

Varecia varia et rubra, Gray, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1863, p. 136. 


Hab. North-East coast of Madagascar. 


75a, A stuffed male. Purchased, January 1863. 

6. A stuffed adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 14th January 1869. 

ce. A stuffed adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 28th January 1869. 

ad. The skeleton of a male, Presented by Wm. Rutledges 
Esq., 18th January 1873. 

e. Askeleton. No history. 

jf. A toothless skull. No. 42B of Blyth’s Catalogue. No 
history. 

g. The skull of No. 42A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 


76. Lemur macaco. 


The Black Maucauco, Edwards, Glean. vol. v, pl. 217. 

Lemur macaco, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 44; ex syn. Pet. et 
Brown, Schlegel, Mus. des Pays-Bas, 1876, p. 302; Blyth, Cat. 
Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 16. 


Lemur niger. Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. vo): xix, 1812, p. 159. 


Lemur leucomystax, Bartlett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1862, p. 347, 
pl. 41 ¢@. 


Varecia nigra, Gray, Proc. Zool. Sor. Lond. 1863, p. 136. 
Hab. North-West coast of Madagascar. 


76a. A stuffed adolescent male: wholly black. No. 45A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, 
Bahadur, 1850. 

é. A stuffed young animal, No. 45B of Blyth’s Catalogue : 
the same as the last. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, 
Bahadur, 1864. ; ; 

e. The skin and skull of an adolescent male: wholly black. 
Purchased, 27th November 1879. 


92 MAMMALIA. 


77. Lemur albifrons. 


Lemur albifrons, #. Geoff, Mem. sur les Makis (Lemur, Linn.) Mag. 
Encyclopéd. t. i, p. 20; Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 160; 
Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Makis, fig. 3; et Schreber, pl. xxxixD; 
F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr". iii, 19 Fév.1819, & nec 
fig. 2 et juv.; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Cat. des Mammif. 1851, p. 72; 
Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxvii, 1858, p. 274; Cat. Mamm. 
As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 17 (partim) ; Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des 
Pays-Bas, 1876, p. 310. 

Prosimia albifrons, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 73. 


Hab. North-East coast of Madagascar. 


83a. A stuffed male in bad condition, and its skull. 
No. 44A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Maharajah 
-of Burdwan, 1858. 
78. Lemur collaris. 
Grand Mongous, Buffon, Nat. Hist. Suppl. vol. vii, 1789, p. 118, pl. 33. 
Le Mongous, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr". ii, Janvier 1819. 
Maki & front blanc, 2 et juv. (nec &), Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr". iii, 
+ Féy. 1819. 
Maki 4 front noir, 7. Cuv., 2. e. livr®. xxx, Juillet 1821. 
Lemur collaris et falvus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. vol. xix, 1812, p.161. 
Lemur brunneus, Van der Hoeven Tijdschr., v. N. G. Bd. xi, 1844, p. 35. 
Lemur nigrifrons, Blyth, Cat. Mam. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 17. 
Prosimia melanocephala, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 137, pl. 18. 
Prosimia xanthomystax, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 138, pl. 17 ; 
Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 74. 
Lemur collaris, Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, 1876, p. 306. 


Hab, North-West coast of Madagascar. 


78a. The skin of an adult male and its skull: correspond- 
ing tothe Maki a front noir of F. Cuv. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 27th August 1880. 


79. Lemur nigrifrons. 


Lemur simia-sciurus, Petiv., Schreber, Sdugeth. pl. 42. 
Lemur nigrifrons, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 160. 


Hab, Madagascar. 


79a. The skin and skull of an adult male: rather pale 
ashy grey throughout, above and below, except on the front of 
the head and around the ears, which is tinged with reddish 
yellow; the sides of the face external to one-half of the eyes 
are grey, but the rest is jet black, extending on to the forehead, 
but not reaching the vertex. Presented by the Zoological 
Gardens, Calcutta, 28th October 1879. 


“LEMUR. 93 


This Lemur scems closely allied to the L. flavifrons, Gray, 
Proc. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 596, pl. 31. 


80. Lemur mongoz. 


The Mongoz, Edwards, Gleanings, vol. v, p. 12, pl. 216. 

Le Mongous Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Makis, 1797, fig. 1. 

Lemur mongoz, Linn., Syst. Nat, 12thed. 1766, p.44; Sclater, Proc. 
Zool, Soc. 1871, pl. 16, fig. 1 3, fig. 2 9. 

Lemur albimanus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 160. 

Lemur nigrifrons, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 17. 


Hab. West coast of Madagascar. 


80a. A stuffed specimen and its skeleton, Nos. 43 A and B 
of Blyth’s Catalogue: much faded, but apparently agreeing 
with the characters of the female. The ashy grey on the 
shoulder and fore limb is much faded. Presented by Raja 
Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1851. 

6. A stuffed skin of a female: like the preceding, but with 
less white below the ear, and much faded. No. 44B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue, and the type of LZ. flaviventer, Blyth, Journ. As. 
Soc. Beng., vol. xxvii, p. 274, 1858. This specimen, however, 
does not differ specifically from the previous individual, Pre- 
sented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858. 

ce. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult 
female. It differs from the previous specimens in having 
no white on the breast, throat, or sides of the face, all of 
these parts being dark ashy grey, except the chin, which is 
paler. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 11th October 1880, 

d. The skin of an adult male and its skull: the sides of the 
neck and of the face are rufous, front of face greyish. Pur- 
chased, 4th December 1880. 

e. The skin of a young male and its skull: resembling 
ce, but showing a tendency to rufous on the side of the neck; 
the face and forehead black, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 17th August 1880. 


II.—Svus-Fauity INDRISINA. 
Genus PROPITHECUS, Lund, 1839. 


81. Propithecus diadema. 


Propithecus diadema, Bennet, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1832, p. 20; 
Alph. Milne Edwards & Alf. Grandidicr, Hist. Phys. Nat. et Pol. 
Madagascar, t. vi; Hist, Nat. des Mammif. t. 1 (1875), texte p. 29€, 
pl. 1. 


94, MAMMALIA, 


Hab. The great forests of the eastern portion of Madagas- 
car.— Schlegel. 


8la, The skin of an adult. By exchange with the British 
Museum, 6th January 1879. ; 

4. The skin of an adult female: darker than the last speci- 
men. Purchased, 21st January 1879. 

ec. The skeleton of an adult. By exchange with the British 
Museum, 21st January 1879, 


Genus INDRIS, Geoff., 1796. 


82. Indris brevicaudatus. 


Indris brevicaudatus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Mem. sur les Rapp. Nat. 
des Makis, t. i Magasin Encyclopéd. 1796, p. 46; Alph. Milne 
Edwards & Alf. Grandidier, Hist. Phys. Nat. et Fol. de 
Madagascar, t. vi; Hist. Nat. des Mammif. t. i, texte p. 335, 
pls. xi, xii. 


Hab. Forests on the eastern side of the great mountains, 


between the bay of Antongil to the north, and the river 
Masora to the south.—Alph. Milne Edwards & Grandidier. 


82a. The skin of an adult female, of the variety described 
by Professor Peters as Lichanotus mitratus.: By exchange 
with the British Museum, 6th January 1879. 


IIl.—Famity NYCTICEBIDA. 
I.—Svus-Famity NYCTICEBINA., 
Genus NYCTICEBUS, Geoff., 1795. 


83. Nycticebus tardigradus. 


Le paresseux pentadactyle du Bengale, Vosmaer, Description Amsterd, 
1770, pl. vi. ; 

Le Lorie paresseux, Audebert, Hist. des Singes et Makis, 1797, fig. 1. 

Lemur tardigradus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, p. 44. 

Stenops tardigradus, Illiger, Prod. Syst. Mamm. 1811, p. 73. 

Nycticebus bengalensis et javanicus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. 
xix, 1812, p. 164. 

Nycticebus cinereus, A. M. Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Mus. t. iii, 1867 ; 
Bull. 1869, p. 11, pl. iti; Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 103. 

Nycticebus tardigradus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus, 1863, p- 18; 
Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, pp. 103 et seq. 


1M. B. Akad. der Wiss. zu Berlin (1871), p. 360. 


NYCTICEBUS. 95 


Hab, Assam and Eastern Bengal through Upper Burma 


and Arakan to Siam, and through the Malayan Peninsula to 
Sumatra and Java. 


VAR. cinerea. 


Large race inhabiting Assam, Sylhet, and Cachar, and 
ranging eastwards through Upper Burma (Bhamo) to Siam. 
Clear greyish ashy, or silvery grey on the head and neck, with 
only a trace of the head markings so distinct in the Javan 
race ; the rest of the trunk greyish, but washed with brown- 
ish and tending to reddish brown on the hind quarters. 
Dorsal band rich dark brown, fading away on the vertex ; 
upper incisors two to four. 

83a. A stuffed adult female, and its skull, No. 47A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue: one pair of upper incisors. Tipperah. 
Presented by F. Skipwith, Esq., 1846. 

6. A stuffed young animal. Tipperah. Presented by 
F. Skipwith, Esq., 1846. 

ce. A stuffed adult. Tipperah. Presented by A. Grote, 
Esq., 28th July 1864. ; 

d. A stuffed adult female and its skull: two pairs of upper 
incisors. Godlpdra, Assam. Presented by Raja Pirthi Ram 
Chowdry, 17th August 1867. 

e& f. A stuffed adult female and its young one. Goéal- 
para, Assam. Presented by Raja Pirthi Ram Chowdry, 17th 
August 1867. 

-g. A stuffed young male. Godlpdra, Assam. Presented 
by Raja Pirthi Ram Chowdry, 5th July 1868. 

hk, An adult male in alcohol, Godlpdra, Assam. Presented 
by Raja Pirthi Ram Chowdry, 17th August 1867. 

* “4, An adult male in alcohol and its skull: two pairs of in- 
cisors. Bhamo, Upper Burma. Dr, J. Anderson. Presented 
by the 2nd Expedition to Western China, 1875. 

gj. The skeleton of an adult male. Godlpdra, Assam. Pre- 
sented by Raja Pirthi Ram Chowdry, 5th July 1868. 

&. The skulls, Nos, 47 A to C of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

Zt. The skeleton of aspecimen from Godlpara, Assam. Pre- 
sented by H. L. Houghton, Esq., 1868, 


Var. malaiana, 


_ A smaller variety, darker than the preceding, without the 
marked silvery grey; brownish, with a rusty hue; indistinct 
head markings as compared with var. javanica ; dorsal line 
well defined to lumbar region; upper incisors 2 to 4; skull 


96 MAMMALIA. 


smaller than the skull of the previous race. Occurs in East- 
ern Bengal (Chittagong) and extends through Arakan to 
Malacca. 

m. A stuffed adult male and its skull, Nos. 47 B to D of 
Blyth’s Catalogue: two pairs of upper incisors. Malacca. 
Presented by the Rev. F. J. Lindstedt, 1846. 

n. A stuffed adolescent and its skull, Nos. 47 B, E, and G of 
Blyth’s Catalogue: two pairs of upper incisors. Malacca. 
Presented by the Rev. F. J. Lindstedt, 1846. 

o. A stuffed adolescent: brownish, with a dusky fuliginous- 
or dusky tinge. Probably Nos. 47.B F of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Presented by Mr. Bell, 1857. 

p. Astuffed adolescent female: brownish fawn; hairs on 
the back white-tipped, and markings on the trunk moderately 
well defined; one pair of upper incisors. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 7th July 1870. 

g. A stuffed young male: dusky brown, tipped with white; 
dorsal line nearly black; two pairs of incisors, Presented 
by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 12th March 1870. 

7. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male: 
two pairs of upper incisors. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 3rd March 1877. 

s. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male: 
two pairs of upper incisors. Penang. Presented by the 
Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 26th May 1877. 

t. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent 
female: rufous brown, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 
18th January 1873. 

uw. The flat skin and skeleton of a male: like the last ; head 
markings partially defined ; two pairs of upper incisors. Pre- 
sented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 13th February 1875. 

v. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult male: like the 
last; upper incisors wanting. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, 
Esq., 22nd November 1875. 

w. The skin of an adolescent female: dark fawn-brown ; 
dorsal line nearly black; one pair of upper incisors. Pre- 
sented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 22nd March 1876. 

zg. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult male: like the 
last ; two pairs of upper incisors. Presented by Wm. Rut- 
ledge, Esq., 8th August 1876. 

y. A skeleton: two pairs of upper incisors. Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 1st December 1872. 

z. The skeleton of a male: two pairs of upper incisors. 
Presented by Dr. J. Auderson, 1st December 1872. 


LORIS. 97 


aa. The skeleton of an adult male: two pairs of upper 
incisors. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 7th July 1878. 

66. The skeleton and flat skin of an adult male: two pairs 
of upper incisors. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., Ist 
February 1875. 

ec. Skeleton and flat skin of an adult: two pairs of upper 
incisors. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 6th April 1877. 

dd, The skeleton and flat skin of an adult male: no upper 
incisors. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 25th April 
1877. 

ee. The skeleton of an adult male: two pairs of upper in- 
cisors. Purchased, 29th June 1869. 

Jf. The mounted skeleton of an adult: no history. 


VaR. javanica. 


About the same size as var. malaiana, but much paler, 
especially on the head, which has the brown bands from above 
the eyes and ears well defined, and united to the dorsal line, 
which, like the head bands, is rich brown. 

gg. A stuffed adult and its skull, No. 47I of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845, 


Genus LORIS, Geoff., 1796. 
84. Loris gracilis. 


Loris, Buffon, Nat. Hist. vol. xiii (1765), p. 210, pl. 30. 

Le Loris gréle, Audebert, Hist. des Singes et Makis, 1797, pl. ii. 

Loris gracilis, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. vol. xix, 1812, p. 163 ; 
Dathbom, Stud. Zool. 1856, p. 211, pl. ix; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. 
Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 19. 

Stenops gracilis, Kuhl, Beitr. 1820, p. 37. 

Nycticebus gracilis, Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, 1876, 
p. 284, 


Hab. Ceylon; Southern India; (?) Shan States east of 
British Burma. 


84a. A stuffed specimen, No. 48A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1843. 

6. A stuffed specimen, No. 48B of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1843. 

c. A stuffed young individual and its skull, Nos. 48 C and 
E of Blyth’s Catalogue: with shorter limbs than a & 6.1 
Presented by the Medical College, Calcutta, 1844, 


1 Blyth : Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, p. 736. 


98 MAMMALIA. 


d & e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a shorter- 
limbed young animal, and the imperfect skeleton of another. 
Both were received alive from Rangoon, where they had been 
purchased from a Shan, who had stated that he had obtained 
them in the Shan States to the east of British Burma. The 
skulls are distinguished by having smaller orbits and nar- 
rower and more pointed muzzles than those of animals from 
Ceylon and India. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1870. 

f. The skin and skeleton of an adult male. Presented by 
Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 30th April 1875. 

g. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 21st July 1876. 

h. The skeleton of an adult male. Ceylon. Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 3rd February 1866. 

1. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 21st June 1874. 

j. A skeleton. Coromandel Coast. Presented by Sir 
Walter Elliot, 1843. 


II.—Sus-Famity GALAGONIN A. 


Genus GALAGO, Geoff., 1796. 


85. Galago senegalensis. 


fees Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, des Makis et des Galagos, 

g. 1. 

Galago senegalensis, Geoff, Rapp. Nat. des Makis, Magasin Ency- 
clopéd. vol. i, 1796, p. 20; Schreber. Saugeth. pl. xxviii. B.; Geoff. 
St.-Hil., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. \ivy". xxii, Nov. 1820, plate. 

Lemur galago, Shaw, Nat. Hist. vol. i, pt. i, 1800, p. 108. 

Otolicnus galago, Illiger, Syst. Prod. Mamm. 1811, p. 74. 

Galago geoffroyi, G. Fischer, Act. Soc. de Mosc. vol. i, p. 25. 


Hab. West Africa; Senegal ; Gambia.—Gray. 


85a. The skin and skull of an adult in bad condition. 
Asiatic Society’s specimen. No history. 


86. Galago garnetti. 


Otolicnus garnetti, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1838, p. 6. 
Otogale garnetti, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 140. 
Galago garnetti, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, p. 711. 


Hab. Natal. 
86a. The skin and skeleton of an adult male, both mounted. 


PTEROPUS. 99 


Presented by His Excellency the Viceroy, Earl Northbrook, 
14th January 1875. 


IlI.—Famity TARSID. 
I.—Svus-Famity TARSINA. 


Genus TARSIUS, E. Geoff., 1812. 
87. Tarsius spectrum. 


Lemur spectrum, Pallas, nov. spec., Quad.e Glir. ord.1778, p. 275, nt. 
Tarsius spectrum, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. dw Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 168; 
Dalbhom, Stud. Zaol. 1856, p. 231, pl. xi. 


Hab. Malayan Archipelago (Philippines, Celebes, Java, and 
Sumatra). 


87a. A stuffed adult; tail imperfect. Locality unknown. 
(Horsfield.) From the India Museum, London. Presented by 
the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1830. 


IIT —Orper CHIROPTERA. 


I.—Sus-Orper MEGACHIROPTERA. 
I.—Famity PTEROPODIDA. 


I—Grovp PTEROPI. 
Genus PTEROPUS, Brisson, 1756. 


88. Pteropus poliocephalus. 


Pteropus poliocephalus, Temm., Monogr. Mammal. t. ii, 1827, p. 179; 
Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera, B. M., 1878, p. 31. 


Hab. Australia. 


88a. A stuffed adult male, No. 50A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Presented by the Sydney Institution, 1846. 


100 MAMMALIA. 


89. Pteropus rodricensis. 
Pteropus rodricensis, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M., 1878, p. 36. 
Had. Island of Rodriguez. 


89a. The skin and skull of an adult. Island of Rodriguez. 
Presented by J. Caldwell, Esq.,-4th November 1878. 

6. The skin and skull of an adult. Island of Rodriguez. 
Presented by J. Caldwell, Esq., 4th November 1878. 

e. An adult male in alcohol. Island of Rodriguez. By 
exchange with the British Museum, 6th September 1877. 

ad &e. Two skulls, one of an adult and the other of a young 
animal, The former was found in a cave along with bones 
Pezophaps solitarius. Island of Rodriguez. Presented by 
J. Caldwell, Esq., 30th May 1881. 


90. Pteropus edulis. 


Pteropus edulis, Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus.t. xv, 1810, p. 92; Dobson, Cat. 
Chiroptera, B. M., 1878, p. 49. 


Hab. Indo-Malayan Sub-region, extending also into some 
of the islands of the northern part of the Austro-Malayan 
Sub-region (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Sumatra, Java, 
Borneo, Philippine Islands (Samar Island), Banda, Ternate, 
Timor).—Dodson. 


90a. A stuffed adult female and its skull: the orbits of 
this skull are very perfect, the frontal, malar, and post-orbital 
processes having broadly united. No. 53A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Java. ‘Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 

6. A stuffed adolescent male and its skull. No. 53B 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Presented by the Batavian 
Society, 1845. 

c. A stuffed adolescent male and its skull, No. 53C 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Presented by the Batavian 
Society, 1845. 

d. The skin in bad condition and its skull, No. 53D of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Tenasserim. Presented by Dr, Helfer, 
1839. 

e. The skin of an adolescent. South Australia. By ex- 
change with the Adelaide Museum, 1875. 

f. The skin of an adolescent. South Australia. By ex- 
change with the Adelaide Museum, 1875. 


PTEROPUS. 101 


91. Pteropus medius.* 


Pteropus medius, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. t. i, p. 76; Dobson, 
Cat. Chiroptera, B. M., 1878, p. 51. 


Hab. India, Ceylon, Arakan, and Burma. 


91a. The skin of an adult female, No. 51A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Calcutta, 1842-43. 

6. The skin of an adult male, No. 51B of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Calcutta, 1842-43. 

ce. The skin of an adult male, No. 51C of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Calcutta, 1842-43. 

d. The skin of an adult male, No. 51D of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Calcutta, 1842-43, 
_e. The skin of a young male, No. 51E of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Calcutta, 1842-43. 

f. The skin of an adult female, No. 51F of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Calcutta, 1842-48. 
'-g. A stuffed adult female and skull, No. 51G of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Calcutta, 1842-43. 

hk. The skin and skull of an adult male, No. 511 of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Mergui, Presented by Major Berdmore, 
1855. , 

t. The skin of an adult male. Cachar. Museum Collector, 
1868. 

j. A-stuffed adult male. Manbhim. Museum Collector, 
1866. 


1 In my note-book I find the following observation regarding this species: — 


“August 23rd, 1869.—This species has been flying for the last few days from 
the north to the south of the city, in immense numbers, immediately after sun- 
down. The sky, from east to west, has been covered with them as far as the 
eye could reach, and all were flying, with an evident purpose, and making for 
some common feeding ground. Over a transverse area of 250 yards, as many as 
70 bats passed overhead in one minute, and as they were spread over an area 
of great breadth and could be detected in the sky on both sides as far as 
could be seen, their numbers were very great, but yet they continued to pass 
overhead for about half an hour. This is not the first time I have observed 
this habit in this species ; indeed, it was fmuch more markedly seen in August 
1864, while I was residing in the Botanical Gardens, Calcutta. The sky, 
immediately after sunset, was covered with this bat, travelling in w steady 
manner from west to east, and spread over a great expanse, all evidently 
making for one common goal, and travelling, as it were, like birds of passage 
with a steady purpose. I observed them, not only on one, but both sides of the 
river. But in the Botanical Garden I noticed that, whilst the great mass of 
bats passed on, a few were attracted by trees then in fruit and seemed to go 
no further. This continued for a number of successive nights, but I did not 
observe the bats returning.” 


102 MAMMALIA. 


k. Yhe skin of an adult female. Ménbhim. Museum 
Collector, 1866. 

2, The skin of an adult male. Manipur. Presented by 
Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 26th August 1578. 

m. The skin and skull of an adult male. Chutia Nagpur. 
Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 21st November 1868. 

n, The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. 
Rutledge, Esq., 16th August 1874. 

o. An adult female in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 1866. The head of this specimen is 
figured in Dobson’s Monograph of Asiatic Chiroptera, p. 18. 

p. An adult female in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by 
O. L. Fraser, Esq., 1872. 

g. An adult female in alcohol. Pegu. Presented by W. 
Theobald, Esq., 1873. 

7. An adult male in alcohol. Botanical Gardens, Calcutta, 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 4th December 1872. 

gs. The mounted skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 31st January 1866. 

t. The skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. Presented by 
Wn. Rutledge, Esq., 16th August 18738. 

w. Askull. No history. 


VaR. assamensis. 


v. An adult male in alcohol. Sibségar, Assam. Presented 
by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1872. 


92. Pteropus nicobaricus. 


Pteropus nicobaricus, Fitzinger, Sitz. Wien. Akad. 1860, p. 389; 
Zelebor, Reise der dster. Freg. Novara, Saugeth. 1868, p. 11; 
Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, p. 198; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. 
B. M. 1878, p. 54. 


Hab. Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Java; Pulo ; Condor. 
— Dobson. 


92a. The skin and skull of an adolescent female, Java. 
No history. 

b. Askin of a young female, No, 52A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Typeof P. melanotus, Blyth. Nicobar Islands. Pre- 
sented by Captain Lewis, 1846. 

ce. The skin and skull of an adult female, No. 52B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Type of P. melanotus, Blyth. Nicobar 
Islands. Presented by Captain Lewis, 1846. 

d. The skin of an adult female. Black, but with the nape 
faintly chestnut. South Andamans. Presented by Lieut.- 
Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1864. 


CYNONYCTERIS. 103 


é. The skin and skull of an adult male: the same as the 
last. In the skull the frontal and post-orbital processes are 
nearly fully united. South Andamans. Presented by Liect.- 
Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1864. 

J. Skin and skull of an adolescent female : like the last two. 
i Nicobar. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Tytler, 

g- A mounted adult male and its skull. Nicobars. Be- 
queathed by Dr. F. Stoliczka, to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 
15th December 1875. 

4. An adolescent male in alcohol. South Andamans. 
Presented by Lieut.-Colonel Tytler, 1863. 

2, An adolescent female in alcohol. South Andamans. 
Presented by J, Homfray, Esq., 1871. 

J. An adult male in alcohol. South Andamans. Pre- 
sented by J. Homfray, Esq., 1871. 

&. An adolescent female in alcohol. South Andamans. 
Presented by J. Homfray, Esq., 1871. 

4. An adult female in alcohol, Andamans. Presented by 
G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 30th May 1872. 

m & m. An adolescent and a young female in alcohol. 
South Andamans. Bequeathed by Dr. F. Stoliczka, to the 
Asiatic Society of Bengal, 15th December 1875. 

o. Skeleton of an adult male, skin in alcohol. Nicobar 
Islands. Presented by J. Homfray, Esq., 1871. 

p. The skull (marked P?. javanicus). Mergui. No history. 


93. Pteropus keraudrenii. 


Pteropus keraudrenii (Quoy e¢ Gaim.) Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M., 

1878, p. 63. 

Hab. Polynesian Sub-region (except the Sandwich Isl- 
ands, Gilbert’s Group, Ellice’s Group, and the Islands east 
of Samoa), apparently generally distributed, extending from 
the Mariana Islands to Savage Island, and from the New 
Hebrides to Samoa.— Dodson. 


93¢. An adult male in alcohol. Samoa. By exchange 
with the British Museum, 6th September 1877. 


Genus CYNONYCTERIS, Peters, 1852. 


94. Cynonycteris amplexicaudata. 


Pteropus amplexicaudatus, Geoff, Ann. du Mus. t. xv, 1810, p. 96; 
Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera, B. M., 1878, p. 72. 


104 MAMMALIA. 


Hab, From the Persian Gulf to the Philippine Islands ; 
Bengal, Southern India, Ceylon, Burma, Celebes, Amboina, 
Timor, Aru Islands.— Dodson. 


94a. A stuffed adult female, No. 54A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Coromandel Coast. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1846. 

6. A stuffed adult male, No. 54B of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Ceylon, Presented by Dr, E. F. Kelaart, 1851. Type of 
Pteropus seminudus, Kelaart. 

c. An adult female in alcohol. Singhbhim. Presented by 
V. Ball, Esq., 1870. 

d, An adult female in alcohol. Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
By exchange with the Berlin Museum. 

e. An adult female in alcohol. Pegu. Presented by 
W. Theobald, Esq., 1872. 

j. An adult male in alcohol. Kishm Island, Persian Gulf, 
Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. 

g toi. Two adult males and one adult female in alcohol. 
Moulmain Caves. Presented by J. Armstrong, Esq., M.B., 
29th August 1877. 


95. Cynonycteris minor. 


Cynonycteris minor, Dohson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, p. 203, pl. xiv, 
fig. 9; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 73. 


Hab. Java. 
95a. The skin and skull of an adult male, No. 55A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 
Type. 
96. Cynonycteris collaris. 


Pteropus collaris, I/liger, Abhandl. Akad. Berl. 1815, p. 84. 
Cynonycteris collaris, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 75. 


Hab. Equatorial and Southern Africa (West Africa, Ga- 
boon ; East Africa, Natal ; South Africa, Cape of Good Hope). 
— Dobson. 


96a. The skin of an adult male, No. 56A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. South Africa. Presented by KE, L. Layard, Esq., 1859, 
Gents CYNOPTERUS. 
Sus-Genus CYNOPTERUS. 


97. Cynopterus marginatus. 


Pteropus marginatus, Geoff, Ann. du Mus. t. xiv, p. 97. 
Cynopterus marginatus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt, B. M., 1878, p- 81. 


CYNOPTERUS. 105 


_ Hab. India generally, from the Himalaya to Cape Como- 

rm; Ceylon, Andaman Islands, Arakan, Burma, Malay 
Peninsula, Siam, Sumatra, Java, Billiton Island, Borneo, 
Celebes, Philippine Islands.— Dodson. 


97a to g. Seven skins of males and females. Calcutta. 
Nos. 58 A to G of Blyth’s Catalogue, 1841-51. 

h & 7%. An adult male and female in alcohol. Calcutta. 
No. 58J of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

j & & Two skins of adults, Nos. 58L & M of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Malacca. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 

“. Two skins of adults, No. 580 of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 

m. The lgamentary skeleton of an adult: wanting the 
lower jaw. No. 58(?) of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Pre- 
sented by Dr. Kelaart. 

n & o. Two adults, male and female, in alcohol. No. 58 (?) 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. Kelaart. 

g- An adult’ male and female in alcohol. Darjeeling. 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1866. 

7. An adult femalein alcohol. Cachar. Museum Collector, 
1868. 

s. A ligamentary skeleton. Cachar. Museum Collector, 
1868. 

t. An adult male in alcohol. Chérdépunji. Presented by 
Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 1872. 

#, Anadult male in alcohol and its skull. Bhamo, Upper 
Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition 
to Western Yunnan, 1875. 

v. A young female in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by 
G. King, Esq., M.B., 6th March 1877. 

wtoaa. Three males and two females in alcohol. Andamans. 
Presented by Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1864. 

66 & ce, An adult male and female in alcohol. Andamans. 
Collected by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1872. 

dd, One adult female in alcohol. Andamans. Presented 
by J. Homfray, Esq., 1872. 

The foregoing specimens from the Andaman Islands are the 
types of C. marginatus, var. andamanensis, Dobson, Journ. 
As. Soc. Beng., vol. Ixii, 1873, p. 201, pl. xiv, fig. 5, but 
which were placed by him under Cynopterus brachyotus, 
Muller, in his Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera, 1876, 
p. 26, fig. of ear, and p. 190. 

ee. A stuffed adult male. Alipore. Presented by J. 
Cockburn, Esq., Ist April 1878. . 


106 MAMMALIA, 


If to hh. Skins of two males and of one young female. 
Penang. From the India Museum, London. Presented by 
the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880. 

ai & yj. Two females in alcohol. Calcutta. Bequeathed 
to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. 15th 
December 1875. 

kk. An adult male in alcohol. No history. 

i. A female in aleohol. Kardéchi. By exchange with the 
Kardéchi Museum, 9th September 1878. 


98. Cynopterus scherzeri. 
Pacyhsoma scherzeri, Fitzinger, Sitzungs. Wien. Akad. 1860, p. 389, 


(nom. nudum). 


Cynopterus scherzeri, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 84. 
Hab. Car-Nicobar Island. 


98a & 6. An adult female and its young in alcohol. Car- 
Nicobar Island. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1873, 

eto e. Two adult males and one young female in alcohol. 
Car-Nicobar Island. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of 
Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. 15th December 1875. 


99. Cynopterus brachysoma. 


Cynopterus brachysoma, Dohson, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 260; 
1873, p. 202, pl. xiv, fig. 7; 2bid., Cat. Chiropt. B.M. 1878, p. 85. 


Hab. Southern Andaman Islands. 


99a. An adult female in alcohol. Andamans. Presented 
by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. Type. 


II.—Grove MACROGLOSSI. 


Genus EONYCTERIS, Dobson, 1873. 


100. HKonycteris spelea. 


Macroglossus spelzus, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 106; 
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 261, pl. x, figs. 3 & 4. 
Eonyeteris spelwa, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 94. 


Hab. Burma (Farm Caves, Moulmain).—Dobson. 


100a to d. Four adult females, one gravid, in alcohol. 
Farm Caves, Moulmain, Presented by Wm. Theobald, Esq., 
1872. a the Type. 


RHINOLOPHUS. 107 


e. A mounted skeleton of a male. Farm Caves, Moulmain. 
Presented by Wm. Theobald, Esq., 1872. 
J. An adult female in alcohol. Moulmain. No history. 


Genus MACROGLOSSUS, F. Cuv., 1825. 


101. Macroglossus minimus. 
Pteropus minimus, Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus. t. xv, p. 97 (1810). 
Macroglossus minimus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt, B. M. 1878, p. 96. 
Hab. From the Himalaya (Darjeeling) through Burma to 
the Malay Archipelago, and North and West Australia. 
Probably distributed throughout all the islands of the Malay 


Archipelago, and extending as far east as New Ireland.— 
Dobson. 


101la. An adult female in alcohol, No. 57A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1858. 

6. The skin of an immature individual. Darjeeling. Pre- 
sented by Dr. F. Stoliezka, 1871. 

ec. A stuffed specimen. Siam. Collected by Dr. G. 
Finlayson ; from the India Museum, London. Presented by 
the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880, 


Il.—Svuzs-Orper MICROCHIROPTERA. 


I.—Faminy RHINOLOPHIDA. 
I.—Svus-Famity RHINOLOPHIN A. 


Genus RHINOLOPHUS, Geoff., 1803. 


102. Rhinolophus coelophyllus. 


Rhinolophus czlophyllus, Peters, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 426, 
pl. xxxiv; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 104. 


Hab, Moulmain; Tsagain, Upper Burma. 


102a § 6. An adult male and female in alcohol. Tsagain, 
Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd 
Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875, 


103. Rhinolophus luctus. 


Rhinolopbus luctus, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. t. ii, p. 24, pl. xxx; 
Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 105. 


108 MAMMALIA. 


Hah. India (Western Ghats; Himalaya, Nepal, Masuri, 
Darjeeling, Sikkim; Khasi Hills) ; Ceylon; Java; Sumatra; 
Borneo; Philippine Islands.— Dodson. 


103a. The skin and skull of an adult, Nos. 62 A and B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W.S. 
Sherwill, 1852. > 

6, An imperfect skeleton, No. 62C of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Prepared from a specimen presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 
1842, 

e. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by H. J. 
Elwes, Esq., 1470. 

d & e. An adult female and its foetus in alcohol. Darjeeling. 
Presented by J, Gammie, Esq., 1872. 


104. Rhinolophus trifoliatus. 


Rhinolophus trifoliatus, Temm., Monogr. Mamm. t. ii, 1835-41, p. 27, 
pl. 31; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 106. 


Hab. India (Eastern Coast) ; Java; Borneo.— Dodson. 


104a, An adult male in aleohol. Sihsdgar, Assam. Pre- 
sented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 16th December 1875. 


105. Rhinolophus mitratus. 


Rhinolophus mitratus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiii, 1844, 
p. 483 ; xxii, 1852, p. 409; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 107. 


Hab. Peninsula of India (Chdibdsa). 


105a & &. The skins of two adults, Nos. 63 A and B 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Chaibdsa. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel 
S. R. Tickell, 1843. 

106. An adult female in alcohol. Darjeeling District. 
Presented by G. King, Esq., M.B., 6th March 1877, 


106. Rhinolophus euryotis. 


Rhinolophus euryotis, Temminck, Monogr. Mamm. t. ii, 1835-41, p. 26, 
pl. 29 fig. 5; pl. 32 figs. 18, 14,15; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 
1878, p. 108. : 


Hab. Amboina ; Aru Islands.—Dodson. 


106a & 6. An adult female and male in alcohol, Am- 
boina. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 


RHINOLOPHUS. 109 


107. Rhinolophus pearsonii. 


Rhinolophus pearsonii, Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. I. Co. (1851) 
p- 33; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 108. 


Hab. India (Masuri, Darjeeling, Khasi and Garo Hills, 
Tipai Mukh) ; Tibet; Yunnan (Hotha).—Dedson. 


107@ § 4. Two adult males in alcohol, and the skull of 
b. Hotha, 4,500 feet, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson, Presented 
by the 1st Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. 

c. The skin of an adult. Tipai Mukh. Lushai Expedition. 
Museum Collector, 1872. 


108. Rhinolophus macrotis. 


Rhinolophus macrotis (Hodgson), Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xiii, 
p. 485 ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 110. 


Hab. Himalaya (Nipal, Masuri). 


108 a. An adult female in alcohol, No. 70A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Nipal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1842. 

b. Two adult males in alcohol, No. 70B of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Masuri. Presented by Captain T. Hutton, 1852, 


109. Rhinolophus affinis. 


Rhinolophus affinis, Horsfield, Zool. Resch. in Java (1824); Temminck 


Monogr. Mamm. t. ii, p. 31 (1835) ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 
1878, p. 112. 


Hab. Peninsula of Indiafrom the Himalaya to Cape Como- 
rin (inhabiting hill tracts) ; Ceylon; Burma; Sumatra; Java; 
Borneo.— Dobson. 


109@ to f. Six skins in very bad condition, Nos. 67 A to F 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon, Presented by Dr. E. F. 
Kelaart, 1852. , 

g toi, Three skins of adults, Nos. 68 A to C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Barrackpore. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel R. C. 
Tytler, 1852-60. 

} to ¢, One adult male and two females in alcohol, 
No. 67H of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. 
E. F. Kelaart, 1852. 

m. Av adult male in alcohol. No history. Of the last three 
specimens, and including this, ‘a male and female answer to 
Kelaart’s description of R. rudidus; the third, a female, to 


110 MAMMALIA. 


Horsfield’s original description of R. affinis.”—Dobson, Monogr. 
As. Chiroptera, p. 195. 

n & 0. Two adult females in alcohol. No history. 

p. An adult male in alcohol. Hotha, 4,500 feet. Yunnan. 
Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the lst Expedition to Western 
Yunnan, 1868. 

& ¢ & r. Two adult males in alcohol. Sylhet. Presented by 
E. B. Baker, Esq., 1872. 

g. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by J. 

Gammie, Esq., 1872. 


110. Rhinolophus andamanensis, 


Rhinolophus andamanensis, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1872, p. 337 ; 
ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 118. 


Aab. Southern Andaman Island.—Dobson. 


110@. An adult male in alcohol. Andamans. Presented by 
J. Homfray, Esq., 1872. Zype. 


111. Rhinolophus petersii. 


Rhinolophus petersii, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 337; ib., 
Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 113. 


Hab. Unknown. 
1lla § 6. Two adult males in alcohol, No history. Types. 


112, Rhinolophus minor. 


Rhinolophus minor, Horsfield, Zoolog. Resch. in Java 1824; Dobson, 
Cat. Chiropt. B. M, 1878, p. 114. 


Hab. Peninsula of India; Yunnan; Burma; Siam; 
Sumatra; Java; Borneo ; Japan.— Dodson. 


112a@ toc. Two adult females and one adult, sex undeter- 
minable. No history. Types. 

d. An adult female in alcohol. Tsagain, Upper Burma. Dr. 
J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western 
Yunnan, 1875. 

e. An adult male in alcohol. Sibségar, Assam. Presented 
by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1875. 


118. Rhinolophus garoensis. 


Rhinolophus garoensis, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 337 ; ib., 
Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 115. 


RHINOLOPHUS. 111 


Hab. Garo Hills, Assam ; Himalaya (Masuri).— Dodson. 


118a. An adult female in alcohol. Gdro Hills, Assam. 
Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1871. Type. 


114. Rhinolophus euryale. 


Rhinolophus euryale, Blasius, Archiv. fur. Naturg. Bd. 1, p. 493 
Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 116. 


Hab. Europe (south of the Alps); Asia Minor (Syria); 
Northern Africa.— Dodson. 


14a. An adult female in alcohol. Pisa, Italy. By ex- 
change with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 

6 to f. Three males and two females inalcohol. Jerusalem, 
Palestine, 18th April 1#80, Collected and presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 28th December 1880. 


115. Rhinolophus hipposideros. 


Noctilio hipposideros, Bechstein, Naturg. Deutschl. p. 1194, 1801. 
Rhinolophos hipposiderus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 117. 


Hab. Palearctic Region; Southern and Middle Europe ; 
North-East Africa; Asia Minor; Java. 


115a@ to c. Two adolescent males, and one adult female in 
alcohol. Europe. Presented by the Hungarian Museum, 
April 1863. 
116. Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum. 


Vespertilio ferrum-equinum, Schreb. Saugeth, Bd. 1, p. 174 (1775). 
Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum, Dodson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M., 1878, p. 119. 


Hab. Europe; Africa; Asia (Himalaya and Japan). 


116a § 6. An adult male and female in alcohol, in very bad 
condition; Nos. 66C and D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Masuri. 
Presented by Captain T. Hutton, 1852. 2. tragatus, Hodgson, 
according to Blyth. 

e. An adult female in alcohol. Chuari, Chamba, 3,000 ft. 
Presented by Captain W. G. Murray, 1872. 

d. A skin of an adult, No. 72A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
France. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1856. 

e. A skin in bad condition, No. 65A_ of Blyth’s Catalogue, 
Darjeeling. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1857, 
Type of &. brevitarsus, Blyth. Dr. Dobson remarks, J.c., p. 
197, that this may perhaps be A. minor. 


112 MAMMALIA. 


f toh. Two adult males and one adult female. Europe. Pre- 
sented by the Hungarian Museum, April 1863. 


117. Rhinolophus capensis. 


Rhinolophus capensis, Lichtenstein, Verz. Zool. Mus. Berl. 1823, p. 4 
Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 121. 


Hab. South Africa (Zanzibar, Cape Colony). —Dobs22 


117a. An adult male in alcohol. Cape of Good Hope. 
By exchange with the British Museum, 6th September 1877. 


118. Rhinolophus——(?). 


Rhinolophus——(?) Dobson, Monogr. Asiatic Chiropt. et Cat. Chiropt. 
Ind. Mus. 1876, p. 196. 


Hab. Unknown. 
118a. An adult male in alcohol. No history. 


119. Rhinolophus——(?) 


Rhinolophus—(?) Dobson, Monogr. Asiatic Chiropt. et Cat. Chiropt. 
Ind. Mus. Calcutta, 1876, p. 196. 


Hab. Unknown. 
119. An adult male in alcohol. No history. 


T1.—Sus-Famtry PHYLLORHININ A. 


Genus TRIAINOPS, Dobson, 1871. 


120. Trieenops persicus. 


Trianops persicus, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xl, p. 455, pl. xxviii ; 
ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 124. 


Hab. Shirdz, Persia, 4,750 feet. 


1202. An adult female in alcohol. Shirdz, Persia. Pre- 
sented by Lieut.-Colonel St. John, C.S.1., 1870. Zype, 

4. An adult female in alcohol. Shiraz, Persia. Presented 
by Lieut.-Colonel St. J ohn, C.S.1., 1870. Zype. 

c. A skeleton of anadult male. Shiraz, Persia. Presented 
by Licut.-Colonel St. John, C.S8.1., 1870. Lype. 


PHYLLORHINA. 113 


Genus PHYLLORHINA, Bonaparte, 1831. 


121. Phyllorhina tridens. 
Phyllorhina tridens (Geoffroy), Dodson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 131. 


Hab, Africa (Egypt, Zanzibar); Persia (Bushire) ; Sind 
(Karfchi). 


121a to ff. Seventeen males and fifteen females in alcohol. 
From the temple of Denderah, Upper Egypt, 6th March 
1880, where this bat occurs in immense numbers. Collected 
and presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 18th January 1881. 


VaR. murraiana. 


Distinguished from typical P. tridens, by its somewhat 
shorter, broader, and less pointed ears, but which otherwise 
conform to the characters of the ears of P. ¢ridens. The 
projections, from the upper nose leaf are more marked than 
in P. tridens from Egypt, but in other respects the nose leaf is 
exactly as in it. The interfemoral and wing membranes are 
prolonged somewhat further down the tibia than is the case 
in bats of this species from Egypt, and the former membrane 
reaches the proximal end of the penultimate osseous caudal 
vertebra, 

It attains to a larger size than any of the foregoing bats from 
Egypt, and the following are the measurements of the adult 
female 24; total length of body, 2”-30; tail 1”; head 
0-80; ear 0-70; breadth of ear 0°68; fore-arm 2”°07; thumb 
0”32; third finger, metacarpal 1”-46 ; 1st phalanx 0°64 ; 2nd 
phalanx 0”*66; fifth finger, metacarpal 1”°16; Ist phalanx 
0-60; 2nd phalanx 0-45; tibia 0’°74; foot 0”-40.” 

gg. An adult male in alcohol. Karachi. By exchange 
with the Karachi Museum, 19th November 1877. 

hh. Anadult femalein alcohol. Karachi. By exchange with 
the Karécht Museum, 19th November 1877. 

.  4i, An adolescent female in alcohol. Karachf. By ex- 
change with the Kardéchi Museum, 19th November 1877. 

jj. An adult female in alcohol. Bushire. Persian Gulf, 

The Kardéchi Museum, by exchange, 29th August 1879. 


122, Phyllorhina tricuspidata. 


. Rhinolophus tricuspidatus, Temm., Monogr. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 26, pl. 
“xxix fig. 4; pl. xxxii, figs. 1] and 12. 
Phyllorhina tricuspidata, Dobson, Cat, Chiropt. B. M, 1878, p. 131. 
H 


114 MAMMALIA. 


Hab. Austro-Malayan Sub-region (Morty Island; Bat- 
chian Amboina; New Ireland),— Dobson. 


122a. An adult female in alcohol. Batchian. By ex- 
ehange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 


123. Phyllorhina stoliczkana. 


Asellia stoliczkana, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. May 1871, p. 106; 
Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1871, p. 263, pl. xx fig. 1. 
Phyllorhina stoliczkana, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 182. 


Hab. Penang, 


123a. An adult male in alcohol. Penang. Presented by 
Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. Type. ; 


124. Phyllorhina armigera. 


Bhinolophus armiger, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. iv, 1835, p. 699. 
Phyllorhina armigera, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 135. 


Hab, Himalaya (Masuri; Darjeeling ; Nepal; Khasi Hills) ; 
Ceylon ; China (Amoy).— Dodson. 


124@. An adult male in alcohol, No. 74A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. S. Sherwill, 
1852. 

6. A skin of an adult female in bad condition, No. 74 B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. S. 
Sherwill, 1852. 

ec, An adult female in alcohol. Khasi Hills. Presented 
by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1870. 

d to f. Two adolescent females and one very young female 
in alcohol. Shillong, Khdsi Hills. Presented by Lt.- 
Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. 

g & k. Two adult females in alcohol. Katmandu, Nepal. 
-Museum Collector, 1871. 

a. Skin of an adult male. Darjeeling. Presented by H. J, 
Elwes, 1871. 

j. Skin of an adult male. Dr. Cantor. Penang. From 
the India Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of 
the British Museum, 13th April 1880, 


125, Phyllorhina leptophylla. 


Phyllorhina leptophylla, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1874, p. 234; 
ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 136. 


Hab, Khasi Hills ; Eastern Bengal.— Dodson, 


PHYLLORHINA. 115 


125a. An adult male in alcohol. Khési Hills. - Presented 
by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1870. Type. 


126. Phyllorhina diadema. 


Rhinolophus diadema, Geoffroy; Ann. Mus, d’ Hist. Nat. live" xx, p. 263. 
Phyllorhina diadema, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M, 1878, p. 137. 


fiab. Peninsula of India generally; Ceylon; Burma; 
Sumatra ; Java; Borneo; Timor ; Batchian Island ; Amboina ; 
Aru Islands ; Philippine Islands.— Dodson. 


126a § 6. An adult male and female in alcohol, Nos. 75 A 
and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. 
KE. F. Kelaart, 1852. H. lankadiva, Kelaart. 

ce. Skin of an adult female in bad condition, No. 75C of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 
1852. 

d. Imperfect skeleton of an adult, No. 75D of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1852, 

e. A stuffed adult, No. 76A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Moul- 
main. Presented by Lt.sColonel 8S. R. Tickell, 1858: 

J. An adult female in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 1867. . 

g to 7. Three skins of adults. Udaipur. Presented by 
V. Ball, Esq., 1871, 

j» An adult male in alcohol. Pullandur, Central Provinces. 
Presented by W. T, Blanford, Esq., 1871. 

&. The skull of an adult. No history. 


VaR. a. 


Phyllorhina masoni, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 338; ibid., 
Cat. Chiropt. B. WM. 1878, p. 138. 


Hab, Moulmain, Burma. 


7. An adult male in alcohol. Moulmain. Presented by 
Captain Hood, 1872. Type. 


127. Phyllorhina nicobarensis. 


Phyllorhina nicobarensis, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 262, 
pl. xx fig. 2; ibid., Cat. Chiropt, B. M. 1878, p. 188. 


Hab, Nicobar Islands. 


127a. An adult female in alcohol. Nicobars. Presented 
by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. Zype. 


116 MAMMALIA. 


128. Phyllorhina galerita. 


Hipposideros galeritus, Cantor, Journ. As. Soc.. Beng. 1846, p. 183. 
Phyllorhina galerita, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 141. 


Hab. Peninsula of India (Decean) ; Penang ; Java ; Labuan. 
— Dobson. 


128a. An adult female in alcohol. Lingsugur, Deccan. 
Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. 


129. Phyllorhina speoris. 


Vespertilio speoris, Schneider, Suppl. Schreber, Sdugeth. Atlas, i, 
pl. 59 B. : 

Phyllorhina speoris, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, pp. 143 et 
553. 


Hab. Oriental Region (Peninsula of India; Ceylon; 
Burma; Java and probably the other islands of the Malay 
Archipelago in the Indo-Malayan Sub-region).— Dobson. 


129@ § 4. An adult female and male in alcohol, Nos. 78 A 
and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. South India. Presented by 
Sir Walter Elliot, 1842. 

e. Skin of an adult, No. 78C of Blyth’s Catalogue. South 
India.’ Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1842. 

d tog. Four skins of adults, Nos. 78 D to G of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr, E. F. Kelaart, 1852. 

A. Skin of an adult, No. 78J of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Dehra Dun. Presented by L. C. Stewart, Esq., 1854. 

2. Skull of an animal from the Deccan, No. 78K of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. No history. 

jton. An adult male and female, and one young male, 
and two young females in alcohol. Ceylon. Presented by 
E. L. Layard, Esq. 

o. An adult male in alcohol. Prome, Burma. Dr. J. 
Anderson. Presented by the Ist Expedition to Western 
Yunnan, 1868. 

p. An adult female in alcohol. Chdnda. Museum Col- 
lector, 1869. 7 

gto s. An adult male and female and young in alcohol. 
Trichinopoly. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel Beddome, 19th 
November 1877. 

ttou. Two adult females in alcohol. Travancore. 


Pre.” 
sented by Lt,-Colonel Beddome, 9th September 1878, oe 


PHYLLORAINA. lg 


130. Phyllorhina larvata. 


Rhinolophus larvatus, vulgaris, insignis et deformis, Horsfeld, Zoolog. 
Resch. in Java (1824). : 
Phyllorhina larvata, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 145. 


Hab. Kastern Bengal (Khasi hills; Sylhet, Godlpdra, 
Arakan) ; Burma; Penang, Prome, Tenasserim ; Siam ; Java; 
Philippine Islands.—Doedson. 


130a to c. Three skins of adults, Nos. 77 A to C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue: in bad condition. Arakan. Presented by Sir 
Arthur Phayre, 1842. 

d tof. Three skins of adults; Nos. 77 D to G. The skull of 
oe Sylhet. Presented by F. Skipwith, Esq., C.S., 

853. 

g. An adult male in aleohol. Goalpéra, Assam. Presented 
by H. L. Houghton, Esq., 1868, 

Ato y. Six males and twelve females in alcohol. Caves 
on right bank of Irrawadi opposite to Prome, Burma. Dr. 
J, Anderson. Presented by the lst Expedition to Western 
Yunnan, 1868. The skull of separate. 

zt0 66. Two adult males and a gravid ‘female in alcohol. 
Khasi hills. Presented by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 1872. 

ec, An adult female in alcohol. Sylhet, Presented by EF. 
B. Baker, Esq., 1872. 

dd to hh. One male and four adult females. Pega. Pre- 
sented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1872, 

ai. The skeleton of an adult from the caves opposite to 
Prome, Burma. Dr.J.Anderson. Presented by the Ist Ex- 
pedition te Western Yunnan, 1863. 
jj. An imperfect skull of an adult from the caves opposite 
to Prome, Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 
Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. 

kk & ii. Two adult males in alcohol from Ashoun, Tenas: 
sevim. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 4th Mareh 
1877. 

mm & nn. Two adult males in alcohol from near Moulmain, 
Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. 

oo. A female in alcohol. Prome. Bequeathed to the: 
Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 14th December 
1875, 

131. Phyllorhina bicolor. 


Rhinolophus bicolor, Temm., Monogr. Mammal. t. ii, p. 18. 
Phylorkina bicolor, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 148. 


118 MAMMALIA, 


Hab. The Oriental Region. Typical examples have been 
found chiefly in tbe Indo-Malayan Sub-region (Nicobar 
Islands, Java, Borneo, Philippine Islands). Two of the 
varieties (Phyllorhina amboinensis and P. aruensis) extend 
into the northern parts of the Australian Region.—Dodson. 


181a to &. Seven adult females, and four newly-born 
females, reddish chestnut, in alcohol. Nicobar Islands. Pre- 
sented by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1878. : 


Vaz. a. Phyllorhina fulva. 


Hipposideros fulvus et murinus, Gray, Mag. Zool. & Bot. vol. ii, p. 492 
(1838). 
Phyllorhina fuiva, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. Mf. 1878, p. 149. 
Hab. The continental parts of the Oriental Region ; India, 
Ceylon, Burma, China (Amoy).—Dodson, 


132¢. The skin of an adult, No. 79A of Blyth’s Catalogue 
and typeof Hipposideros cineraceus, Blyth. Pind Dadan Khan, 
Punjab Salt Range. Presented by W.. Theobald, Esq., 1853. 

m too, An adult male and two adult females in alcohol: 
mand » are No. 79B of Blyth’s Catalogue, whereas o is 
No. 80A of Blyth’s Catalogue, and is a small specimen with 
the wings from the side of the tarsi: taken from an unlabelled 
bottle containing several species. m and are from Pind 
Dédan Khan, Punjab Salt Range. Presented by W. 
Theobald, Esq., 1853. The history of o is unknown. 

ptoes. A young male and two adolescent males, and one 
adolescent female ; probably No. 80B of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
No history. 

¢. Skin of an adult in very bad condition. South India. 
Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1842. 

wu & v. Two skins of adults. Chanda, Museum Collector, 
1867. 

w & x. Two adult males in alcohol and the skull of w. Ponsee. 
Kakhyen hills, 3,500 ft. Dr.J. Anderson. Presented by the 
Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. 

y to ce. Five adult males in alcohol: fur bright golden 
yellow throughout. Cave No. 5, Tsagain, right’ bank of the 
Irrawadi, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 
2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. 

dd to ee, Au adult male and female in alcohol : fur white at 
the base, with dark-brown extremities, Cave No. 4, Tsagain, 
right bank of the Irrawadi, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. 
Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. 


PHYLLORHINA, 119 


Jf to qq. Nine adult males and three adult females in 
alcohol: fur white at the base, with dark-brown extremities. 
Cave No. 8, Tsagain, right bank of the Irrawadi, Upper 
Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition 
to Western Yunnan, 1875. 

rr, The skin of an adult female. Agra. Presented by the 
Trustees of the Riddell Museum, Agra, 1869. 

ss. An adult female in alcohol. Chérépunji. Presented by 
Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1870. 

tt §& uu. An adult male and female in alcohol.. Sibsagar, 
Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1872. 

vv. An adult female in alcohol. Sylhet. Presented by 
E. B. Baker, Esq., 1872. 

ww to yy. Two males and a female in alcohol. Kachh. 
Presented by Dr, F. Stoliczka, 1872. 

zz to ddd. Three females and two adult males. Prome, 
Burma. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1872. The 
three females are pregnant, and the fur is bright goldeu 
yellow. ; 

eee. An adult male in alcohol: very dark coloured, Nazira, 
Assam. Presented by J. M. Foster, Esq., 1872. 

Jff to iii. Three males and one female in alcohol. Gauri Sagar 
Temple, Assam. Presented by J. M. Foster, Esq., 1875. 

jj. A skin of an adult. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1868. 

kkk & li, An adult and an adolescent male in alcohol, 
Travancore. Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 9th Sep- 
tember 1878. 

mam & nnn, An adult female.and male in alcohol. Alla- 
habad. Presented by John Cockburn, Esq., 20th March 1877. 

ooo. An adult in alcohol. Chdéraépunji. Bequeathed by 
Dr. F. Stoliczka-to the Asiatie Society of Bengal, 15th 
December 1875. 


Vaz. b. Phyllorhina amboinensis. 


Phyllorhina amboinensis, Peters, M. B. Akad. Berl. 1871, p. 323; 
Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 150. 


Haé. Amboina; Peninsula of India.—Dodson. 
ppp & qqq. An adult male and female in alcohol. Ling- 
sugur, Deccan. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. 
132. Ceelops frithii. 


Celops frithii, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxii, p. 251; vol. xxi, 
p: 361 ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B, M. 1878, p. 162. 


120 MAMMALIA. 


Hab. Bengal (Sundarbans) ; Java. 


182a. Askin ina very dilapidated condition, No. 81A 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Sundarbans, Bengal. Presented by 
R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1846. Zype. 


II.—Famity NYCTERIDA.. 
1.—Svus-Famity MEGADERMIN #. 


Genus MEGADERMA, Geoffroy, 1810. 
Suzn-Genus LYRODERMA, Peters. 


133. Megaderma  lyra. 


‘ Megaderma lyra, Geoffroy, Ann. du Muséum, +. xv, p. 190 (1810); 
p. 5 (1839) ; Suppl. Schreb., Sdugeth. v, p. 641 (1855) ; Dobson, Cat. 
Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 156. 8 


Hab. Peninsula of India (from Kashmir to - Cape Como- 
rin) ; Ceylon.— Dodson, ; 


138a to c. The skins of two adult females and of one adult, 
Nos. 59 B, C, and D of Blyth’s Catalogue, Calcutta. 

d & e. The skins of two adult males, No. 59E of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1852. 

JS to kh. Two adult females and one adult male in alcohol. 
No history. . 

i & 7. Two imperfect skeletons, one wanting the skull ; Nos. 
591 and J of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Mr. W. 
Masters, 1842. 

& & 2. Anadult male and a foetus in alcohol. -Raniganj. 
Purchased. 

m to p. The skins of three adult males and one female. An 
old Fort near Chénda, Central Provinces. Museum Collector, 
1867. 

q § 7. A stuffed adult and the skin of an adult. Singh- 
bhum. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 31st February 1869. 

sto u. Two males and one female in alcohol, one of the 
males newly born. No history. 

» to aa, Five males, and one female in aleohol. These are 
all mature foetuses. Agra. Presented by the Trustees of the 
Riddell Museum, 1869, 

6b to cc. A skin and a stuffed adult. Agra, Presented. by 
the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, 1869, 


MBEGADERMA. 121 


dd to ee. Two adult males in aleohol. Sylhet, Presented 
by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1870. 

Jf to qq. Five adult females, one young female, and four 
young males and two newly-born males. All of these speci- 
mens were obtained at the same time and p‘ace in an out-house 
at Mr. Shillingford’s indigo factory near Purneah; all the 
young, even the largest, were adherent to the teats, some at- 
tached to the abdominal, and others to the pectoral nipples, 
and I observed that they moved about with great energy from 
one teat to another. Besides these I examined about forty 
other females, and each had only one young one with it. 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. 

_ arto tt. Two females and one male in alcohol, Nassik. 
Presented by Lt.-Colonel Haughton, 1872. 

uu. A perfect skeleton prepared from an examzle without a 
history, 1872. 

vv. An adult male in alcohol. Alipore, Calcutta. Pre- 
sented by J. Cockburn, Esq., 1877. 

ww. An adult male in alcohol. Ghazipur. Presented by 
W. Whitwell, Esq., 5th December 1877. 

ag to zz. A young male and two adult females in alcohol. 
Travancore. Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 9th Sep- 
tember 1878. 

aaa, The skin of an adult, in bad condition. Nepal. 
From India Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of 
the British Museum, 13th April 1880. 

6b § cee, An adult malefrom Purneah and an adalt female 
from Réniganj in alcohol. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society 
of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. 15th December 1875. 


134, Megaderma spasma. 


Vespertilio spasma, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 32. 
Megaderma spasma, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 157. 


Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Malacca; Siam; Philippine 
Islands, Ternate, Celebes, Sumatra, Java (?), Ceylon.— Dodson, 


134a, Theskin of an adolescent; No. 61A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 

6c. The skins of two adults, Nos. 61 B& C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Malacca. Presented by Mr. W. G. Moxon, 
1850. 

d & e. An adult female and male in alcohol, Nos. 60 A & B 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Tenasserim. Presented by W. Theo- 
bald, Esq., 1855. The Types of MW. horsfieldi, Blyth. 


122 MAMMALIA. 


II.—Svus-Fauiry NYCTERIN ZA. 
Genus NYCTERIS, Geoffroy, 1803. 


135. Nycteris javanica. 


Nycteris javanicus, Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus.,, t. xx, p. 20 (1813). 
Nyecteris javanica, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 164. 


Hab. Java; Malayan Peninsula (Malacca).—Dodson. 


185a. The skin of an adult, No. 82A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1846. 

é. The skin and skull of an adult, in bad condition; No. 
82B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Malacca, Presented by Mr. W. 
G. Moxon, 15851. 


136. Nycteris thebaica. 
Nycteris thebaica, Geoffroy, Descr. de l’ Egypt, t. ii, p. 119, 1812, pl. 1, 
2 


No. 2. 
Nycteris thebaica et capensis, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 165. 
Hab. South and East Africa. 


186a. An adult female in alcohol. The minute second 
premolar is in the line of the other teeth, but in all its other 
characters this specimen corresponds to the figure and de- 
scription of WN. thebaica. There does not appear, in view of 
the relations of the second premolar in this specimen, to be any 
valid reason for separating N. thebaica as a species distinct 
from N. capensis. The ruins of Karnak, Upper Egypt, 23rd 
March 1880. Collected and presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 
15th January 1881. 


III.—Famitry VESPERTILIONIDA. 
I—Grovpe PLE COTT. 


Genus NYCTOPHILUS, Leach, 1822. 


137. Nyctophilus timoriensis. 


Ase timoriensis (Geoffroy), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, 
p. 172, 


Had. The Australian Region; from the Island of Timor to 
Tasmania, from West Australia to the Fiji Islands.— Dobsgyy. 


PLECOTUS. 128 


137a. The skin of an adult, No. 97A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Presented by the Sydney Institution, 1846, 


Genus SYNOTUS, Keys & Blas., 1839. 
188. Synotus dargelinensis. 
Plecotus dargelinensis, Hodgson, Ann. g¢- Mag. Nat. Hist. 1855, vol. xvi, 


p. 103. 
Synotus dargelinensis, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. MZ. 1878, p. 177. 


Had. India (Darjeeling, Khdsi Hills, Sikhim, Masuri, 
Simla) ; Yarkand.— Dodson. 


138¢@ § 6, An adult male and female in aleohol, Nos. 116 A 
& B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Masuri. Presented by Capt. T. 
Hutton, 1844. 

ce. An adult female in alcohol. Darjeeling, Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 1869. 

d, Anadult female in alcohol. Léchung, Sikhim, 8,000 ft. 
Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. 

e. An adult female in alcohol. Simla. Presented by 
Moulvie Ator Ruhman, 1872. 

J. An adult female in alcohol. Dr. F. Stoliezka. Yangi- 
hissar, between Kashghar and Yarkand. Presented by the 
Second Yarkand Mission, 1874. 

g- Askull. No history. 


Genus PLECOTUS, Geoffroy, 1812. 
139. Plecotus auritus. 


Vespertilio auritus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 47; Dobson, 
Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 178. 


Hab. The Palearctic Region, extending from Ireland 
through Europe and North Africa to the Himalaya, and _pro- 
bably generally distributed throughout the temperate parts of 
Asia.— Dobson. 


189a. An adult female in alcohol, No 114A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. S. Sherwill, 
1853, 

6 & c. The skins of two adults, Nos. 114B & C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. England. Presented by H. E. Strickland, Esq., 
and Mr. Davison, 1844-47. 

d. A stuffed adult, No. 114D of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
France. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1854. 


124 MAMMALIA. 


e. An adult in alcohol. Berlin. By exchange with the 
Berlin Museum, 1872. 

jf. An adult male in alcohol. Netley, England. Presented 
by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. 

g to k. Two males and three adult femaies in alcohol. Leh. 
Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 
1874. 

Zio uw. Three males and seven females in alcohol. From 
the tombs of the Kings, Babel Moulouk. Left bank of the 
Nile, Upper Egypt. Collected and presented by Dr. J. 
Anderson, 18th January 1881. 


II,—Grove VESPERTILIONES. 


Gexus VESPERUGO, Keys and Blas., 1839. 


Sus-Genus VESPERUS. 
140. Vesperugo serotinus. 


Vespertilio serotinus, Schreber, Séugeth, Bd. i, p. 167, pl. 53. 
Vesperugo serotinus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 191. 

Hab. The Palearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Nearctic, and 
Neotropical regions.— Dobson. 


140a § 6. Two skins. Shiraz, South Persia. Museum Col- 
lector, 1871. Types of Hesperus shiraziensis, Dobson. 

c. The skin of an adult, No. 100A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
France. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1852. 

d. An adult female in aleohol. Gallicia. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 

e toh. Two adult males, an adult female, and a young female. 
Kashmir. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the Second Yar- 
kand Mission, 1474. 

_itoj. Two females in alcohol. Shirdz, South Persia. 
W. T. Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Eastern Persian 
Boundary Commission, 1871-72. 

& & 7. An adult male in alcohol. Darrang, Assam. Pre- 
sented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. 


141. Vesperugo andersoni, 


Vesperus andersoni, Dobson, Proé. As. Soc. Beng. Sept. 1871, p. 211. 
Vesperugo andersoni, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M, 1873, p. 195. 


Hab. Teng-yue-chow, Yunnan. 


VESPERUGO. 125 


141@, Anadult male in alcohol. Teng-yue-chow, Yunnan. 
Dr. J. Anderson, Presented by the Ist Expedition to Western 
Yunnan, 1868, Type. 

b, The skeleton of an adult male. Teng-yue-chow, Yunnan. 
Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 1st Expedition to Western 
Yunnan, 1868. Type. 


142. Vesperugo nasutus. 


Vesperugo nasutus, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. p. 311, 1877; tbid., 
"Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 200. 


Hab. Shixérpur, Sind. 


142a. An adult male in alcohol. Shikarpur, Sind. Pre- 
sented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th August 1878. Type. 


143. Vesperugo atratus. 


Nycticejus atratus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. Beng., No. 96. 
Vesperugo atratus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 206. 


Hab. Himalaya (Darjeeling). 


1484 & 6. Two adult females in alcohol, Nos. 96 A& B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue; one much dilapidated. Darjeeling. Pre- 
sented ky Major W. S. Sherwill, 1853. Types of Wycticejus 
atratus, Blyth. 

e. The skin of an adult in bad condition, Darjeeling. 
Presented by Dr, F. Stoliczka, 1871; . 


144. Vesperugo discolor. 


Vespertilio discolor, Matterer, Kuhl, Deutsch. Flederm. Wetter. Ann. 
vol. iv (1819). 
Vesperugo discolor, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 204. 


Hab. The Palearctic Region. In Europe extending from 
Englard through Southern Sweden and Russia to the Ural 
Mountains, and southwards through France, Germany and 
Italy ; chiefly found, however, in the mountain tracts of these 
countries. In Asia recorded as yet from Western Siberia 
(Barvaul) and Eastern Turkistan (Kizil, Yangihissar) only. 
—Dobson. 

144a. An adult male in alevhol, Berlin. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1875. 

b §& c. An adolescent male and female in alcohol. Kizil. 
Dr. F. Stoliczka, Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 
1874, 


126 MAMMALIA, 


d & e. An adult and adolescent female in alcohol. Yangi- 
hissar. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the Second Yarkand 
Mission, 1874. 


145. Vesperugo pachyotis. 


Vesperugo (Vesperus) pachyotis, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, 
p. 211; «bid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 206. 


Hab. Khasi Hills, Assam, 


145a & 6. An adult male and female in aleohol. Khasi 
Hills. Presented by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 1872. 


146. Vesperugo: pachypus. 


Vespertilio peehypas, Lemminck, Monogr. Mammal, vol. ii, p. 217, pl. 
54, figs. 4—6. 
Veaparies pachypus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 208. 


Had, Oriental Region; Peninsula of India (Darjeeling) ; 
Tenasserim Province ; Andaman Islands ; Sumatra, Java, 
Philippine Islands. —Dobson. 


1462 ¢o e, An adult male and four females in alcohol, 
No. 103A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Tenasserim. Presented by 
Major Berdmore, 1853. Types of Scotophilus fulvidus, Blyth. 

g. Two adult females in alcoho]. Darjeeling. Presented 
by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. 

hk. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. 
F, Stoliczka, 1871. 

2 to s. Nine adult females, and one adult and one adolescent 
male in alcohol. Andamans. Presented by J. Homfray, 
Esq., 1871. 

t.to ff. Seven females and six males in alcohol. Andamans. 
Collected by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1872. : 

gg. The skeleton of an individual from the Andamans. 
Collected by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1872. 

hh, A skull. No history. 

zi, An adult female in alcohol. Darjeeling. Bequeathed 
to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. 

An adult female in alcohol. Andaman Islands. Be. 
queathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. er 
15th December 1875. 


Sus-Genus VESPERUGO. 


147. Vesperugo noctula. 


Vespertilio noctula, Schreber, Séiugeth. Bd. i, p. 166, pl. 52 (1775). 
Vesperugo noctula, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 212, 


VESPERUGO. 127 


Hab, Palearctic, Ethiopian, and Oriental Regions, extending 

‘ “from England to Japan, and from the Scandinavian Peninsula 

to Southern Africa. In Europe generally distributed; in 

Asia extending from Western Turkestan along the Himalayas 

and other mountain ranges to Ceylon, and through the 

Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Java; in Africa recorded 
from the northern parts, and from Mozambique.—Dodbson. 


147a. The skin of an adult, No, 89A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
England. Presented by H. E. Strickland, Esq., 1845. 

6 & ¢c. Two skins of adults, Nos. 89 Band C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. England. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 
1844. 

d. An adult male in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by 
Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. : 


e. An adult female in alcohol. Gallicia. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 


148. Vesperugo leisleri. 


Vespertilio leisleri, KuhZ, Ann. Wetteran. Gleselisch. Naturk. 1819, 
Bd. i, p. 47. 


Vesperugo leisleri, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 215. 
Hab. Kurope and the temperate regions of Asia, extending 
from the Azores to the Himalaya. 


148a. The skin of an adult, No. 102A of Blyth’s Cata- 


logue. England. Presented by H. E. Strickland, Esq., 
1845. 


&. An adult female in alcohol. Brandenbourg. By ex- 
change with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 


149. Vesperugo imbricatus. 


Vespertilio imbricatus, Horgfd., Zool. Resch. in Java, 1874, 
Vesperugo imbricatus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 217. 


Hab, Malayan Peninsula (Malacca) ; Java.— Dobson. 


1492. Anadult malein alcohol. Java. By exchange with 
the Berlin Museum, 1872. 


150. Vesperugo maurus. 


Vesperugo maurus, Blasius, Wiegm, Arch. 1858, p. 35; Dobson, Cat. 
Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 218. : 


Hab. The Palearctic and Oriental Regions, extending 
from the Canary Islands (Palma, Teneriffe) and Middle 


128 MAMMALIA. 


Europe (Switzerland and Tyrol) to China (Pekin, Amoy, 
Cochin China), India (Khdsi Hills) and the Malay Archipel-. 
ago (Java),—Dobson. 


150a. An adult male in alcohol. Geneva. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 

6. An adult male in alcohol. Chadrépunji. Presented by 
Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1871. Type of Vesper- 
ugo austenianus, Dobson. ; 

ce. An adult male in alcohol. Sibsdgar, Assam. Presented 
by 8S. E. Peal, Esq., 1875. 

d. An adult female in alcohol. Allahabad. Presented by 
John Cockburn, Esq., 19th March 1877. 

e. An adult male in alcohol. Sind. By exchange with the 
Karachi Museum, 4th June 1878. 

f. An adult female in alcohol. Assam. Bequeathed to. 
the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. : 


151. Vesperugo affinis. 


Pipistrellus affinis, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 218. 
Vesperugg, affinis, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 220. 


Hab. Upper Burma (Bhamo, 450 feet). 


15la. An adult female in alcohol. Bhamo, Upper Burma. 
Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 1st Expedition to West- 
ern Yunnan, 1868. Type. 


152. Vesperugo pipistrellus. 


Vespertilio pipistrellus, Schreb., Séugeth. i, p. 167, pl. 54 (1775). 
Vesperugo pipistrellus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 223. 


Hab. The Palearctic Region, apparently generally dis- 
tributed.— Dodson. 


152a, An adult male in alcohol. Berlin, Prussia. By 
exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872, 
_ 6. An adult male in alcohol. England. Presented by 
G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. 

etoy. Three adult and one adolescent male, and four 
adult females in alcohol. Yangihissar, Dr. F. Stoliezka. 
Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 1874, 
_& top. Three males and three females in alcohol. Kaér- 
ghalik, south of Yarkand, 29th and 30th May 1874. Dr. 
F. Stoliczka, Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 
1874. 


VESPERUGO. 129 


q6r. An adult male and female. Kashmir. Dr. F, 
as Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 1873- 

s. An adult female in alcohol. By exchange with the 
Berlin Museum, 1872. Labelled /. xathusii, Keys and Blas. 

t. The skin of an adult, No.-104A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Amoy, China. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1859. Scoto- 
philus pumiloides, Tomes apud Blyth. 


153. Vesperugo abramus. 


Vespertilio imbricatus, Zemm. (non Horsfield) Monogr. Mammal. t. ii, 
p- 216, pl. 54; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Saugeth. v, p. 738 (1855). 
Vespertilio abramus, Z'emm., l. c., p. 232, pl. 58; Wagner, 1. c., p. 739. 

Vesperugo abramus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 226. 

Hab. Apparently generally distributed throughout the 
Oriental Region, extending from India through Burma and 
China to Southern Japan and the Islands of the Malay 
Archipelago ; also to the northern part of the Australian Region 
(Celebes, New Guinea, North Australia); found during the 
summer months in the Palzarctic Region throughout middle 
Europe (8/asius) from the Rhine to Southern Russia, and 
from Northern Germany to the Mediterranean, even extending 
into Sweden (Mlsson).—Dodbson. 


153¢ foe. Three skins of adults in very bad condition, 
No. 105A of Blyth’s Catalogue, Calcutta. No history. 
Scotophilus coromandelianus, ¥. Cuv., after Blyth. 

' @ & e, An adult male and female in alcohol; No. 105B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue, Caleutta. No history. 

f to h. Three skulls in bad condition, Ne. 105C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue, Caleutta. No history. 

i to t. One male and three females in alcohol. No history. 

m. An adult male in alcohol. Nicobars. Presented by 
J. Homfray, Esq. 

nm. An adult malein alcohol. Pegu. Presented by Dr. F. 
Stoliczka, 1871. 

o. A young male in alcohol. Chanda. Museum Collector, 
1867. 

pq. An adult male and female in alcohol. Cachar. 
Museum Collector, 1867. : 

r to. Four young males, one adolescent male and one 
adult, and one adolescent female. Shirdz, Persia. Museum 
Collector, 1871. 

y. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by 
H. J. Elwes, Esq., 1871. 


1380 MAMMALIA. 


gz. The skin of an adult. Hazdrib’gh. Presented by 
W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. 

aa. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by 
L. Mandelli, Esq., 1872. 

66 to mm. Two adult and one adolescent males, and eight 
adult and one adoleseent females. Khdsi Hills. Presented 
by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 1872. 

nn torr. Five skins of immature specimens. Sibsdgar, 
Assam. Presented by 8S. E. Peal, Esq., 1872. ° 

ss to vv. Four adolescent males in alcohol. Pachwé4ra, 
Presented by H. Whitwell, Esq., 1872. 

ww. An adult female in alcohol. Hazaribégh. Presented 
by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. 

rz, An adult female in alcohol. Sirguja. Presented by 
W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. 

yy to 666. One adult, one adolescent, and one young female, 
and one young male in alcohol. Goélpdéra, Assam. Presented 
by H. L. Houghton, Esq., 1872. 

cece & ddd, Two adult females in alcohol.. Géro Hills. 
Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1872. 

cece & fff. An adult male and female in alcohol. Nazira, 
Assam. Presented by J. M. Lister, Esq., 1872. 

ggg. An adult female in aleohol. Manipur Hills. Pre- 
sented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. 

hhh to kkk. One adult male and three adult females. Sib- 
sdgar, Assam, Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1872. 

“ii, An adult male in alcohol. Sylhet. Presented by E. 
B. Baker, Esq., 1872. 

mmm to sss. Three males and four females in alcohol. 
Chutia Nagpur. Presented by W. T. Blavford, Esq., 1872, 

ttt & wuuw. An adult female and an adolescent male in alcohol. 
Purneah. Presented by Dr, J. Anderson, 1872. 

vev. An adult male in alcohol. Java. By exchange with 
the Berlin Museum, 1872. 

www to 6666. Six adult males in alcohol. Darjeeling. Pre- 
sented by W. S. Atkinson, Esq., 1872. 

ccee to mmmm. One adult, two adolescent, and one young 
male ; and one adult, four adolescent, and two young females in 
alcohol. India, 1872. No history. 

nunn to rrrr. Two adult, one gravid, and two adolescent 
females in bad condition in alcohol. Réjanpur, Punjab 
Frontier. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1872. 

ssss to aaaaa. Two adult and three young males, and three 
adult and one young female, in alcohol. Darrang, Assam, 


VESPERUGO. 131 


Duffla Expedition 1874. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H, H. 
Godwin-Austen, 1875. 

66666. An adult in alcohol. Sind. Presented by W. T. 
Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. 

eccce. An adolescent male in alcohol. Calcutta. Pre- 
sented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 9th September 1878. 

ddddd. An adult female in alcohol. Japan. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 

This specimen in the catalogue of the Asiatic Chiroptera, 
was (p. 216) referred to V. akokumuli, Temm. 

eeeee. The skeleton of an adult female from the Khasi 
Hills. Presented by Lieut. J. H. Bourne, 8th April 1873. 


154. Vesperugo kuhlii. 
Vespertilio kuhlii, Natt. in Kuhl, Deutsch. Flederm. Wetteran Ann. iv, 
p. 58 (1817). 
Vesperugo kuhlii, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 230. 


Hab, Southern Europe, countries south of the Pyrenees, 
andthe Alps; Northern Africa; Southern Asia, Palestine, 
Persia, Balichistén, India; probably generally distributed 
throughout these countries. — Dobson. 


154a & 6. Two. skins of adults in very bad condition, 
No. 99A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. No history, 
Types of Nyeticezus canus, Blyth. 

ec & d. Twoskins of adults. Cachar. Museum Collector, 
1867, 

e & f. Twovery young femalesin alcohol. Calcutta. Pre- 
sented by Mr. Dillon, 1866. 

g. Av adolescent male in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 1870. 

A. An adult female in alcohol. Purneah. Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. : 

2 & j. An adolescent male and an adult female in alcohol. 
Dhappa, Calcutta. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 1872. 
_k& i, An adult male and female in alcohol. Lingsugur, 
Deccan. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. 

m & n. An adult male and female in alcohol. North Italy. 
By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 

o. Skin of an adult. Shiraz, Persia. Museum Collector, 
1871. 

p. An adult male in aleohol. Réjanpur, Punjab Frontier. 
Presented by W. F. Murray, Esq., M.B., 1871. Type of 
var. leucotis, Dobson. 


132. MAMMALIA. 


q to s. Three adult females in alcohol, South-East Persia. 
W. T. Blanford, Esq. Eastern Persia Commission, 1872. 

t. One adult. male in alcohol. Shird4z, South Persia. 
W.T. Blanford, Esq. Eastern Persia Boundary Commis- 
sion, 1872. . 

u. One adult female. Karman, South-East Persia. W. TP. 
Blanford, Esq. Eastern Persia Boundary Commission, 1872. 

», An adult female in alcoho!. Bampur, Baldohistan. 
W. TT. Blauford, Esq. Eastern Persia Boundary Commis- 
sion, 1872. Z 

w to y. An adult and adolescent male and one adult female 
in alcohol. Shikdrpur, Sind. Presented by W. T. Blanford, 
Esq., 9th September 1878. 

z to 66. An adult female with two foetuses. Calcutta. 
Presented by.Mr. H. Phillip, 24th March 1875. 

ec. A stuffed specimen in bad condition. Sent by the 
Asiatic Society of Bengal to the India Museum, London. 
Presented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 
1880. Labelled Scotophilus lobatus, Gray, 


155. Vesperugo annectens. 


Pipistrellus annectens, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 215. 
‘Vesperugo annecters, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 234, 


Hab. Nagé Hills, Assam. 


155¢. An adult female in alcohol. Ndg4& Hills, Assam, 
Presented by Captain J. Butler, 1871. Type. 


Sozs-GEnus HESPEROPTERUS, Peters. 


156. Vesperugo tickelli. 


Nycticejus tickelli, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xx, p. 157. 
Vesperugo tickelli, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 240. 

Hab. Peninsula of India (Chaibés4, Jashpur, Sirguja); 
Ceylon.— Dodson, 


156a to ¢, Three skins of adults, Nos. 95 A to C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Chaibésd. Presented by Lt-Colonel S. R. Tickell, 
1842. Pypes. 
d. Askull, No. 95D of Blyth’s Catalogue from an indivi- 
dual. Presented by Lt.-Colonel 8. R. Tickell, 1842. 
e tog. An adult male and two females in alcohol. Anda- 
mans. Presented by Lt.-Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1864. 
' - Askin of an adult. Singhbhtim. Museum Collector, 
$69. 5 


SCOTOPHILUS, 138 


7, An adult male in alcohol. Sirguja. Presented by 
W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. 

J. The skin of an adult. Jashpur. Presented by W. T. 
Blanford, Esq., 1871. 

&. An adult male in alcohol. Tenasserim. Presented by 
W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. - 


157. Vesperugo planfordi. 
Vesperugo blanfordi, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 242. 
Hab. Tenasserim. 


157a. An adult male in alcohol. Tenasserim. Presented by 
W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. Type. 

& An adolescent male in alcohol. Johore, Presented by 
J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1873. 


Gznus CHALINOLOBUS, Peters, 1866. 


158. Chalinolobus gouldii. 
Chalinolobus gouldii (Gray), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 250. 


Hab. Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, 
South Australia) ; Tasmania.— Dodson. 


158. The skin of an adult, No. 97A of Blyth’s Catalogue, 
Australia, Presented by the Sydney Institution, 1846. 


Genus SCOTOPHILUS, Leach, 1822. 


Svz-Gzenvus SCOTOPHILUS. 


159. Scotophilus temminckii. 


Scotophilus (?) kublii, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soe. xili (1822), p. 71. 
Veanertilio ee Horsfield, Zool. Reschs. in Java (1824), 
Scotophilus temminckii, Dodson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1378, p. 258. 

Hab. The Oriental Region (Peninsula of India, Ceylon, 
Barma; Southern China; Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and the 
Philippine Islands).— Dodson. 


1594 to 7. Twelve skins of adults, Nos. 92A and 938A of 


Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. No history. 
: to r. Three males and three females in alcohol, No. 93B 


of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. No history. 4,7, § 8 are 
apparently fully grown (WV. dufeus, Blyth). 


134 MAMMALIA. — 


s toy. Seven skins.. Asiatic Society of Bengal. No history. 

z & aa. Two skullsin bad condition, No. 93C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue labelled W. delangert. Calcutta. No history. 

bb. A skeleton, No, 92 of Blyth’s Catalogue labelled 
N. flavescens, Blyth. 

cc. A skull, No. 92C of Blyth’s Catalogue labelled 
N. luteus. 

dd. Animperfect skeleton, No. 92D of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Calcutta. No history. 

ee. The skin of an adult, No. 94A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 

ff. The skin, No. 94B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Dacca. Pre- 
sented by Lt.-Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1860. | 

gg to wi. Three adult males in alcohol. Kyndoolip, Burma. 
Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the Ist Expedition to West- 
ern Yunnan, 1868. 

jj to Ul. Three adult females. No history. 

mm & nn. One mounted adult and one skin. Presented 
by V. Ball, Esq., labelled WV. Zuteus. 

oo to qq. One adolescent and one young male, and one adult 
female. Réaniganj. Purchased, 1869. 

rr to uu. Two adolescent and two adult males in alcohol. 
Caleutta. Purchased, 1870. 

vv. One adult male in alcohol. Rajmahal. Presented 
by V. Ball, Esq., 1868. 

ww to xz. Two adult males in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented 
by V. Ball, Esq., 1868. 

yy to fff. One adult, three adolescent, and one young male, 
and two adults and one adolescent female. Calcutta. Pre- 
sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1867. 

ggg. An adult male in alcohol. Bildspur. Presented by 
W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1870. : 

Ahh, An adult male in alcohol. Allahabad. Presented by 
H. Whitweil, Esq., September 1872. 

iti to mmm. Three adult males and two adult females, 
Bengal. Museum Collector, 1867. 

nnn. An adult female in alcohol. Burma. Presented by 
W. Theobald, Esq., 1872. 

ooo. The skeleton of an adult. Calcutta. Presented by 
G. King, Esq., M.B., 1866. 

ppp & qqq. Two males in alcohol. Gauhati, Assam. Pre- 
sented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B. 

rrr & sss. Two adult males in aleohol. Dhappa.  Pre- 
sented by O. L. Fraser, Esq. 


SOUTOPHILUS. 135 


* ttf, An adult female in alcohol. Allahabad. Presented 
by J. Cockburn, Esq. ; 

uuu § vvov. Two skins of an adult male and female. Al- 
Jahabad. Presented by J. Cockburn, Esq. 

www. An adult male in alcohol. Nilgiris. Presented by- 
W. Theobald, Esq. 

wre § yyy. Two skins. Chénda, Museum Collector, 1867. 

zez. Askin. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1867. 

aaaa. A mounted specimen. Calcutta. A. C. Carllyle, 
Esq., 1863. 

6066. The perfect skeleton of an adult. Caleutta. Pre- 
sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. 

ecec, The perfect skeleton of a smaller specimen than the 
preceding. Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. 

dddé to hhhk, Four femaies and one male in alcohol. No 
history. 

ziti. An adolescent male in alcohol. Chanda. Presented 
by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1870. 

iii to mmmm. One adult male and three adult females in 
alcohol. Marampur, Assam. Presented by Lt.-Colonel 
H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. 

The fur of izet & 7777 is réddish yellow and that of “&hk 
§ Ui is brown. 

nnnn. An adolescent female in aleohol. WNo history. 

oooo. An adult male in alcohol. Goélpéra, Assam. H. L. 
Houghton, Hsq., 1864. 

popp. An adult female in alcohol. Manbhim. Museum 
Collector, 1866. 

gqqq. Skin of a male. Gauhdti, Assam. Museum Col- 
lector, 1870. 

rrrv to titt. Three skins of adults. Agra. Presented by 
the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, 1870. 

uuuu. An adult female in aleohol. Pegu, Presented by 
Wm. Theobald, Esq., 1872. 

vovv. An adult male inalcohol. Lingsugur, Deccan. Pre- 
sented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., 1875. : 

woww. An adolescent female in aleohol. Calcutta. Be- 
queathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 
6th December 1876. 

reer. An adult female in alcohol. Sind. Presented by W. 
T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. 

yyyy. An adult female in alcohol. Calcutta, Presented 
by Dr. J. Anderson, 18th January 1879, 

geez, An adult female in alcohol. Calcutta. Bequeathed 


136 MAMMALIA. 


to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 15th 
December 1575. 

aaaaa, An adult female in alcohol. Ranfganj. Bequeathed 
to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 15th 
December 1875. 

6b66b. A female in. alcohol. Annamulli forest, Madras 
Presidency. Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 7th Septem- 
ber 1877. 

ecece to eeece. Three skulls. Calcutta. Labelled A/. flaveo- 
lus, Blyth, 


VaR. a. 


Nycticejus heathii, Horsfield, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 113. 
Scotophilus heathii, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 260. 


Hab. Peninsula of India (Coromandel and Malabar 
coasts, Rajanpur, Punjab frontier, Karéchi) ; Ceylon. 


Siff. An adult male in alcohol, No. 91A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Coromandel. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1843. 

99999. The skin of an adult male, No. 91B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Coromandel. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 
1843. 


by W. F. Murray, Esq., M.B., 1872, 

mnmnm & nnnnn. ‘Two adult females in alcohol. Rajan- 
pur. Presented by E. Sanders, Esq., M.B., 28th September 
1877. ‘ 

oo000 & ppppp. An adult female and a young male. 
Karéchi. By exchange with the Kardchf Museum, 19th 
November 1877. 

gqqqq. An adult and three adolescent females and three 
adolescent males. Karachi. By exchange with the Karachi 
Museum, 19th September 1878. 


Sus-Genus SCOTEINUS. 
160, Scotophilus emarginatus. 


Nycticejus emarginatus, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 211; 
ibid., Cat. Chirept. B. M. 1878, p. 262. 


SCOTOPHILUS. 137 


Hab. India, precise locality unknown.— Dobson. 
1604. An adult female in alcohol. No history. ype. 


161. Scotophilus pallidus. 
Scotophilus pallidus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 264, 


Had, Peninsula of India (Miin Mir, near Lahore; 
Sind).— Dodson. 


16la. An adult female in alcohol. Mién Mir, Lahore. 
Presented by J. 8. Gunn, Esq., M.B., 1875. Zype. 

6. An adult male in alcohol. Sultan Kot, near Shikérpur, 
Sind. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 
1878. 

e & d. Twoadult males. Rajanpur, Punjab. Presented by 
E. Sanders, Esq., M.B., 13th August 1877. 


Svus-Genus SCOTOMANUS. 


162. Scotophilus ornatus. 


Nycticejus ornatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xx, p.517; Dobson, 
Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 265. 


Hab. India (Darjeeling, Khdsi Hills); Burma (Ponsee 
and Kakhyen Hills); Yunnan (Nantin and Sanda Valley),.— 
Dobson. 


162a. A skin of an adult, No. 90B of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Purchased, 1858. Type. 

6. An adult male in alcohol and its skulls, Manwyne, 
Sanda Valley, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson, Presented by the 
Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. 

c. An adult maleinalcohol. Ponsee, 3,500 feet; Kakhyen 
Hills, Yunan. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 1st Expe- 
dition to Western Yunnan, 1868. 

d. The skeleton of an adult-female, procured by Dr. J. 
Anderson at Nantin. Presented by the Ist Expedition to 
Western Yunnan, 1868. . 

e. Askin. Darjeeling, Presented by J. H. Elwes, Esq., 
1870. 

S & 9. Two skins, one immature. Darjeeling. Presented 
by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1872. 

kh. A skin in alcohol, Darjeeling. Presented by W. S. 
Atkinson, Esq., 1872. 


138 MAMMALIA. 


a. An adult male in alcohol. Head of Iril Valley, Assam. 
Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. 

j. The skin of an adult. Head of Iril Valley, Assam. 
Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. 


Genus NYCTICHJUS, Rafnesque, 1819. 


163. Nycticejus crespuscularis. 
Nycticejus crespuscularis (Leconte), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, 
p. 266, 


Hab. North America, from New York to the Rocky 
Mountains, and southwards to New Orleans and to the West 
Indian Islands (Cuba).—Dodson. 


163a. An adult male in alcohol. Cuba. Presented by 
G. E, Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. 


Gunus HARPIOCEPHALUS, Dobson, 1876. 


164. Harpiocephalus suillus. 


Harpiocephalus suillus (Zemm.), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, 
p. 278. 
Hab, Malayan Archipelago (Sumatra, Java, Flores).— 
Dobson. 


164a. An adult in alcohol: in bad condition; skin only. 
Java. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 


165. Harpiocephalus harpia, 
Vespertilio harpia, Zemminck, Monogr. Mammal. t. ii, p. 219, pl. 55 
(1839). 
Harpiocephalus harpia, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 281. 
Hab, Himalaya (Darjeeling, Khdsi Hills); Sumatra ; 
Java; Amboina,—Dodson. 


165a. The skin of a male in bad condition, No. 106A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling. Purchased, 1851. 

6, The skeleton of an adult male, No. 106B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Darjeeling, Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 
1854. 

e. An adult female in alcohol. Chérdpunji. Presented by 
Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1868. 

d. An adult male in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by 
W.S. Atkinson, Esq., 1872. 


VESPERTILIO, 139 


166. Harpiocephalus cyclotis. 


Murina cyclotis, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc, Beng. Dec. 1872, p. 210; ibid., 
Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 282. 


Hab. Himalaya, Darjeeling ; Ceylon.— Dodson. 

1662. An adult female in alcohol. No history. Type. 

6. The skeleton of an adult. No history. Prepared in 
1872. 

e. An adult male in alcohol, No. 107A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major Sherwill, 1853. 


d. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by 
J. H. Elwes, Esq., 1870. 


Genus VESPERTILIO, Keys & Blas., 1839. 
Sus-Grnus LEUCONOE, 


167. Vespertilio hasseltii. 


Vespertilio hasseltii, Z'emm., Monog. Mammal. t. ii, p. 225 (1835-41) ; 
Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 291. 


.Hab. Malay Peninsula; Siam; Sumatra ; Java.—Dobson. 


167a. An adult male in alcohol, Java. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 
168. Vespertilio adversus. 
Vespertilio adversus (Horsfield), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p- 
292. 


Hlab. Siam; Java; Borneo; Gerontalo; Celebes; Aus- 
tralia (Port Essington, Brisbane, Swan River, South Aus- 
tralia).—Dobson. 


168a. An adult female in aleohol. Java. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 
169. Vespertilio longipes. 
Vespertilio macropus, Dobson (non Gould), Pros. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, 
209 


Voupertilia longipes, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, p. 110; ibid., 
Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 294. 


Hab. Caves of Bhima Devi, Kashmir (elevation about 
6,000 feet). 


140 MAMMALIA. 


169a. One adult male in aleohol. Caves of Bhima Devi, 
6,000 feet. Kashmir. Presented by Captain W. G. Murray, 
1872. Tynes. 

b. The skeleton of an adult without skull. Caves of Bhima 
Devi. Presented by Captain W. G. Murray, 1872. Type. 


170. Vespertilio dascyneme. 
Vespertilio dascyneme (Bote), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 295. 


Hab. From Southern England to Altai Mountains; pro- 
bably generally distributed throughout the temperate regions 
of Europe and Asia. On the continent of Europe it is 
recorded from the Netherlands, France, Denmark, Prussia, 
Hungary, and Italy.— Dodson. 


170a. An adult female in alcohol. Gallicia. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 


171. Vespertilio daubentonii. 


Vespertilio daubentonii (Leisler), Dobson, Cut. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, 
p. 297. 


Hab, From Ireland to the Altai Mountains; from Finland 
to Sicily ; from the Altai Mountains to Tenasserim ; probably 
generally distributed ‘throughout Europe to the temperate 
regions of Asia north of the Himalayas, attaining the most 
northerly range of all the species of the genus. Found as 
far north as Banffshire in Scotland.— Dodson. 


17a § 4. Tso adult females in alcohol. Ashoun, Tenas- 
serim. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 
1873. 


Sus-Genus VESPERTILIO. 


172. Vespertilio nipalensis. 


Vespertilio nipalensis, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1871, p. 214; 
ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 302. 


Hab, Katmandu, Nipal. 


172a, An adult female in alcohol. Katmandu, Nipal. 
Museum Collector, 1871. Zype. 
173. Vespertilio emarginatus. 


Vespertilio emarginatus, Geoffroy, Ann. du Musé: . vill : 
Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. AL. 1878, p. 308. pa a eee 


VESPERTILIO, 141 


Hab, Middle and Southern Europe, extending from France 
and Rhenish Prussia to Italy.—Dodson. 


Var. a. Vespertilio desertorum. 


Pipistrellus lepidus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xiv, p. 340. 
Vespertilio desertorum, Dobson, Blanford, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 
Nov. 1875; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt, B. M. 1878, p. 304. 


Hab. Balichistén. 


_ 1784 toe. Five adult females in alcohol. Jalk, Balichistén, 
3,000ft. W. T, Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Persian 
Boundary Commission, 1872. 
Jf Askull marked /. lepidus, Blyth. Kandahar. No his- 
tory. 
174. Vespertilio nattereri. 
Vespertilio nattereri (uh), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 307. 


Hab, Middle Europe, from Ireland to the Ural Mountains, 
and from Southern Sweden to the Alps. —Dodson. 


174a. An adult male in alcohol. Mulhouse. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 


175. Vespertilio murinus. 


Vespertilio murinus, Schreber, Saugeth. i, p. 165; Dobson, Cut. Chiropt. 
B. M. 1878, p. 309. 


Hab. Europe, Asia, Northern Africa, and Abyssinia, ap- 
parently almost limited to the Palearctic Region, and not 
extending further north than Southern England and Den- 
mark.—Dodson. 


175a. The skin of anadult. No. 111 A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Masuri. Presented by Captain T. Hutton, 1852, 

6 tod. One adult male and two adult females in alcohol. 
Hungary. Presented by the Hungarian Museum, 1864, 

e. The skin of an adult. Sbhirdéz, Persia. Persian 
Boundary Commission. Museum Collector, 1871. 


176. Vespertilio murinoides. 


Vespertilio murinoides, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xiii, pt. ti, p. 205, 
pl. xiv, 1873; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 310. 


Hab, N.-W. Himalaya (Chamba), at an elevation of 3,000 
feet.— Dodson. 


142 MAMMALIA. 


1762, An adult male in alcohol. Chamba. Presented by 
H.M. L. Hutchison, Esq., H. M.’s 14th Regt., 1873. Type. 


177. Vespertilio formosus. 


Vespertilio formosus, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. iv, p. 700 (1835) ; 
Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 311. 


Hab. Himalaya (Nipal, Darjeeling) ;-India (Chdibdsa, 
Khasi Hills); China (Shanghai, Kiang, Amoy) ; Island of 
Formosa.— Dobson. 


177a. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by. 
JH. Elwes, Esq., 1870. 

6. An adult female in alcohol. Chérapunji. Presented 
by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1871. 

e. An adult femalein alcohol. Goélpdra, Assam. Presented 
by H. L. Haughton, Esq., 1870. 
_@, A skin in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. F. 
Stoliczka, 1871. Type of V. auratus, Dobson. 

e to 7, Four skins, Nos. 108 A to D of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Types of K. paliida, Blyth. Chdaibdsé. Presented by Lt.- 
Colonel 8. R. Tickell, 1842. 


178. Vespertilio montivagus. 


Vespertilio montivagus, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1874, pt. ii, p. 
287 ; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 313. 


Hab. Hotha, Yunnan. 


178a toe. An adult male and four adult females in al- 
cohol. Hotha, 4,500 feet, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson. Pre- 
sented by the lst Expedition to Yunnan. Types. 


179. Vespertilio muricola. 


Vespertilio muricola, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. x, 1841, 
p. 908; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 316. 


Hab. Himalaya (Sikkim; Léchung, 8,000 feet; Simla; 
Dalhousie) ; Tibet ; India (Chutia Nagpur) ; Arakan (Akyab) ; 
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Amboina, 
and probably all the islands of the Malay Archipelago, within 
the Oriental Region.—Dobson. 


179a. The skin of an adult and its skull, Nos. 110 A and 
B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta, 1844. 

6. An adult female in alcobol. Borneo. By exchange with 
the Berlin Museum, 1872. 


VESPERTILIO. 143 


e&d. Anadult maleand female. Ldéchung, Sikkim. Pre- 
sented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. Types of /. blanfordi, 
Dobson. 

e. An adult female in alcohol. Simla. ' Presented by 
Moulvie Ataor Rahman, 1871. 
ore skin. Darjeeling. Presented by J. H. Elwes, Esq., 

g. An adult female in alcohol. Marri. Marked var. F. 
blanfordi, Dobson. Dr. F. Stoliezka. Yarkand Expedition, 
1878. 

h. A skull, No, 110C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon, 
Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1850. 


180, Vespertilio dobsoni, ov. sp, 
Hat. India (Purneah, Bengal). 


180a. An adult female in alcohol. Purneah. Presented 
by 8. J. Shillingford, Esq., 20th July 1875. 

6. Ayoungfemale, Purneah. Presented by S. J. Shilling- 
ford, Esq., 20th July 1875. Preserved in alcohol. 

A depression between the eyes; muzzle rather broad ; nose 
slightly projecting beyond the upper lip; the two nostrils 
separated from each other by amarked furrow. The ears are 
rounded at the tip, with hardly any concavity below the tip, 
the external margin being slightly convex. The tragus is 
long, but a little tapering to its point, rounded off into the 
straight. inner margin from the outer margin, which is 
convex, but deeply concave at its base. A small anteriorly 
curved lobule at its base. The first’finger is about one-fourth as 
long as the fore arm and is strongly. developed. The feet are 
large, with rather powerful toes. The wing membrane is 
attached to the base of the toes; the wing membrane from 
the elbow forwards is brownish black, profusely spotted with 
yellow, much the same as in K. picta, while in the remainder 
of the membrane the yellow spots are confluent in lines from 
the elbow and humerus to the leg, almost replacing the hair, 
which is confined to narrow lines. The outer femoral mem- 
brane is yellowish. orange, with parallel interrupted lines 
passing from the tail to the legs; fore arm and fingers yellow. 
The face is clad as in V. /ormosus, and the fur is distributed 
on the membranes in the same way asin that species. Denti- 
tion the same as in V. formosus, only the teeth are much 
larger in individuals of the same sex. 

The measurements of an adult female preserved in alcohol. 


144 MAMMALIA. 


Tip of snout to vent 2’'50, head 189, tail 2”, ear (attach- 
ment behind mouth) 0:7, tragus 0:35, fore arm 2”"15, index 
finger 2”"1, 2nd finger 8’-61, 8rd finger 3”, 4th finger 2”°9, _ 
thumb 0”:50, tibia 1”, foot 0’°6. 

This species is distinguished from 7. formosus by its greater 
size; by its much broader muzzle; larger teeth; broader and 
less pointed tragus ; stronger and longer thumb; much larger 
feet; and by the uniform yellow dotting of the whole of the 
wing membrane. 


181. Vespertilio mystacinus. 


Vespertilio mystacinus, Leisler, Kuhl. Deutsch. Flederm. Ann. Wet- 
terau. Naturk. iv, p. 55 (1819); Dobson, Cat, Chiropt. B. M. 1878, 
p. 314, 


Hab. Palearctic Region ; Europe (from Finland to Spain ;~ 
from Ireland to Middle Russia) ; in Asia, hitherto found in 
Syria, at Pekin, and in the Himalayas only.— Dodson. 


18la. An adult female in aleohol. Gallicia. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1872, 


Genus KERIVOULA, Gray, 1842. 


182. Kerivoula picta. 


Vespertilio pictum, Pallas, Spicil. Zoolog. fasc. iti, p. 7. 
Kerivoula picta, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 332. 

Hab. Peninsula of India; Ceylon; Burma; Sumatra; 
Java. Probably distributed generally throughout the Oriental 
Region.—Dobson. 


182a. A mounted specimen, No. 109B of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Jaipur. Presented by J. Payter, Esq., 1852. 

6. A skin, No. 109A of Blyth’s Catalogue; in bad con- 
dition. Ceylon. Presented by R. Templeton, Esq. 

c. A skin, No. 109C of Blyth’s Catalogue; imperfect. 
Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1851. 

d. Askin, No. 109D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Pre- 
sented by the Batavian Society, 1844. 

e. An adult female in alcohol, Calcutta. Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 1869. ‘ 

J. The skeleton of an individual from Calcutta. Presented 
by Dr. J. Anderson. 

g. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Bequeathed to the 
Asiatic Society in Bengal by Dr. F, Stoliczka, 15th Decem- 
ber 1875. , 


MINIOPTERUS. 145 


h&2. An adult male and female in alcohol. Dacca. Pre- 
sented by T. Blisset, Esq., 1875. 

J. A stuffed specimen in very bad condition from the Indian 
Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of the British 
Museum, 13th April 1880. 


183. Kerivoula hardwickii. 


Vespertilio hardwickii, Horsfield, Zool. Resch. in Java (18285). 
Kerivoula hardwickii, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 335. 


Hab, Peninsula of India (Sibsdégar, Assam; Shillong, 
Khasi Hills) ; Camboja; Java ; Borneo; Duke of York Island. 
— Dobson. 


183a, An adult male in alcohol. Java. By exchange with 
the Berlin Museum, 1872. 

6 & ce, An adult male and female in alcohol. Sibsdgar, 
Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1872. 

d. An adult male in alcohol. No history. 


184. Kerivoula lanosa. 
Kerivoula lanosa (Smith) Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 340. 


Hab. 8.-E. Africa (Shupanga, near the Zambesi River, 
East Coast of Cape Colony).— Dodson, 


184a, An adult female in alcohol. Zambesi. By exchange 
with the British Museum, 6th September 1877. &. nidicola, 
Kirk. * 
II—Grove MINIOPTERL 


Gexus MINIOPTERUS, Bonaparte, 1837. 


185. Miniopterus schreibersii. 


Vespertilio schreibersii, Matterer. in Kuhl, Deutschl, Flederm, Ann. 
Wetterau. iv, p. 41 (1819). 
Miniopterus schreibersii, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt, B. MW. 1878, p. 348. 


Hab. Southern Europe and Asia, Africa, Madagascar, and 
Australia. In Europe, inhabiting Spain, Switzerland, Lower 
Austria, Italy, and Sicily; in Asia, Syria, India, Ceylon, 
Burma, Southern China (Amoy), Japan, Philippine Islands ; 
extending through the Malay Archipelago to Australia ; pro- 
bably generally distributed throughout Africa and Madagascar. 
— Dobson. 


185a. An adult male in alcohol. North Italy. By exchange 
with the Berlin Museum, 1872, 


146 MAMMALIA, 


btoce. Thirteen adult and four adolescent males, and eleven 
adult females in alcohol. Tsagain, Upper Burma. Dr. J. 
Anderson, Presented by the Second Expedition to Western 
Yunnan, 1875. 
VaR. a. 


Miniopterus pusillus, Dobson, Monogr. As. Chiropt. 1876, p. 162. 
Miniopterus schreibersii var. a, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 
351. 


Hab. India (Madras); Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 
Philippine Islands (Erumango).—Dodson. 


dd. An adult female in alcohol. Nicobars. Presented by 
Dr. F, Stoliezka, 1871. Type. 


ee to gg. Three adult males in alcohol. Nicobars. Presented 
by V. Ball, Esq., 1876. 

hh to vv. Nine adult males and six adult females in alcohol. : 
Katchal, Nicobars. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of 
Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. 15th December 1875. 


ww. An imperfect skeleton from the Nicobars. Presented 
by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. 


IV.—Famity EMBALLONURIDA. 
I.—Svus-Famitry EMBALLONURIN A. 
1.—Grovep HMBALLONURA. 


Gunus TAPHOZOUS, Geoff., 1812. 


Sus-Genus TAPHOZOUS. 


186. Taphozous melanopogon. 


Taphozous melanopogon, Temm., Monog. Mammal., t. ii, 1835-41, p. 287 ; 
Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 380. i 


Hab. India (Lower Bengal, Madras, Malabar Coast) ; 
Burmah; Pinang; Pulo Tickus; Cochin-China; Java; 
Borneo; Philippine Islands.—D.dson, 


186a to c. Three adult males in aleohol. No history. 

d tog. Four adult females in aleobol. Jashpur, Chutia 
Nagpur. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. 

A. An adult male in alcohol. Amherst, Tenasserim. Pre- 
sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. 


TAPHOZOUS. 147 


?. An adult male skeleton. No history. 

Jj to m, One adult male, and three adult females in alcohol ; 
No. 5 Cave, Tsagain, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Pre- | 
sented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. 

nm. A skin, Sambalpur. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 16th 
June 1877, 

-o & p. An adult male and female in alcohol. Trichinopoly, 
Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 19th November 1877. 


187. Taphozous theobaldi. 


Taphozous theobaldi, Proc. As. Soc. Beng., Aug. 1872, p. 152; Cat. 
Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 381. 


Hab, Tenasserim Province. 


187a & 6. Au adult male and female in alcohol. Tenas- 
serim. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1855. Type. 

ce. An adult male in alcohol. Forearm 37:10. Bushire. 
By exchange with the Kardchi Museum, 29th April 1879. 


188. Taphozous longimanus. 


Taphozous longimanus, Hardwicke, Linn. Trans. xiv, 1825, p. 525; 
Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M, 1878, p. 384. 


Hab. Peninsula of India, Ceylon; Burma. Abundant 
about Calcutta, and in all the southern parts of the Indian 
Peninsula; not yet recorded from Northern India nor from 
the Himalayas.— Dobson. 


188a to f. Six skins, Nos. 85 A to F of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Calcutta. No history. 

g. An imperfect skeleton, No. 85M of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

A. One skin, No.-85J of Blyth’s Catalogue. Travancore, 
Presented Ly Dr. Coles, 1841, labelled 7. drevicanudus. 

i & 7. Askulllabelled Taphozous cantori, Blyth, and 7. drevi- 
caudus. 

k too. Two adult and one young male, the latter the young 
of .m, and two adult females in alcohol. No. 85G of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Rangoon. Presented by Sir Joseph Fayrer, 
M.D., &e., 1852. 

p. One skin, No. 851 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. 
Presented by Dr. HE. F. Kelaart, 1841. 

g. Askin. Chanda. Museum Collector, 1867. 

y. One adult male in alcohol. Presented by Dr. J. 
Anderson, 1870. 


148 MAMMALIA. 


s. An adult male in alcohol. Singhbhim. Presented. by 
V. Ball, Esq., 1870. 

¢, An adult male in alcohol. Bilaspur, Central Provinces. 
Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. . 

u tow. Two adult males and one -adult female in alcohol. 
Pegu. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1872. 

x & y. An adult male in alcohol (Pegu), and an adult 
female (Calcutta). Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of 
Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 15th December 1875. 

z. An adult female in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by 
Dr. J. Anderson, 19th December 1876. 

aa. An adult male in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by 
O. L. Fraser, Esq., 22nd February 1881. 


189. Taphozous nudiventris. 


Taphozous nudiventris, Cretzechmar, in Ripp. Atlas. Reise. nérdl. 
Afrika. Stiugeth. 1826, p. 70, fig. 276; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 
1878, p. 387. 

Hab. Africa (North Africa, Egypt, Nubia, Gambia) ; Asia 

Minor (Palestine, Euphrates).— Dobson. 
189a to p. Eight adult males, and eight adult females in 

alcohol. Ruins of Karnak, Upper Egypt, 23rd March 1880. 

Collected, and presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 18th January 

1881. 

VaR. a. 


Taphozous kachhensis, Dohson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 211; 
abid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 388. 


Hab. Kachh; North-West India. 


z. An adult male in alcohol. Kachh. Presented by Dr. F. 


Stoliczka, 1872. Type. 
j. A male in alcohol. Karéchi. By exchange with the 
_ Karachi Museum, 19th September 1878. 


Sus-Genus TAPHONYCTERIS. 


190. Taphozous perforatus. 


Taphozous perforatus, Geoff, Deseript. de l’ Egypte, t. ii, p. 126; Dobson, 
Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 383. 


fab. Egypt. 


190a toc, Three males in alcohol. Temple of Karnak, 
Upper Egypt. Collected, and presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 
17th January 1881. 4 


RHINOPOMA. 149 


191. Taphozous saccoleemus. 


Taphozous saccolemus, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal., vol. ii, p. 286 ; 
pl. 60; Dodson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 388. 
Hah. Lower Bengal (Sylhet); Ceylon; Burma; Malay 
Peninsula ; Sumatra; Java.~-Dodson. 


191l@a. One skin; No. 84A of Blyth’s Catalogue, South- 
ern India. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1843. 

6. A skin; No. 84B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Pre- 
sented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 

e, An adult female in alcohol. Sylhet. Presented by E. 
B. Baker, Esq., 1872. 


192. Taphozous affinis. 


Taphozous affinis, Dobson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1875, vol. xvi, p. 232 ; 
Dobson, Cat. Chiropt, B. M. 1878, p. 389. 


Hab. Labuan Island ; Sumatra. 


192a, An adult in alcohol. By exchange with the Berlin 
Museum, 6th September 1877. 


IT—Grove RHINOPOMATA. 
Genus RHINOPOMA, Geoff, 1812, 


193. Rhinopoma microphyllum. 


Rhinopoma microphyllum (Geoffr.), Dobsox, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, 
p. 400. 
Hab, Africa (Egypt, Kordofan) ; Asia Minor (Palestine) ; 
Indian Peninsula generally ; Burma.— Dodson. 


193a & 4. Two adult males in alcohol, Nos. 83 A and B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Agra. Presented by Major Wroughton, 


1844, 

c & d. Two skins, Nos. 83 C and D of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Agra. Presented by Major Wroughton, 1844. 

e. A skin, No. 83E of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by 
A. D. Bartlett, Esq. 

jf. A skeleton, No, 83F of Blyth’s Catalogue. Agra. 
Presented by Major Wroughton, 1844. 

g & &. Two skulls, No history. 

+ & j. Two skins. Agra, Presented by the Trustees of 


the Riddell Museum, 1869. 


150 MAMMALIA. 


k & 2, Two adult males in alcohol. Kachh. Presented by 
Dr, F. Stoliczka, 1872. Testicles enormously enlarged, and a 
layer of fat at their base. : 

_m tog. Two adult males and three adult females. Fatehpur 
Sikri. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 19th November 1877. 


II.—Svs-Famity MOLOSSIN A. 
I—Grove MOLOSSI. 
Genus CHEIROMELES, Horsfield, 1824. 


194. Cheiromeles torquatus. 


Cheiromeles torquatus, Horsfield, Zool. Resch. in Java, pl. (?); Dobson, 

‘Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 405. 

Hab. Malay Peninsula (Singapore); Sumatra; Java; Bor- 
neo.— Dobson. 

194a. Two skins of an adult, No. 86 A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 

6. A stuffed specimen. Siam. Collected by Finlayson, 
From the Indian Museum, London. Presented by the 
Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880. 


Genus NYCTINOMUS, Geoffroy, 1812. 


Sus-Genus NYCTINOMUS. 


195. Nyctinomus cestonii. 


Dinops cestonii, Savi, Nuov. Giorn. de’ Letter. p. 230, 1825. 
Nyctinomus cestonii, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 423. 


Hab, Europe (Madeira, Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, Greece); 
Africa (Egypt, Nubia); Asia (Amoy, China).—Dodson. 


195a. An adult male in alcohol, No. 87A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Amoy, China. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 
1860. Type of N. insignis, Blyth. 


196. Nyctinomus tragatus. 


Nyctinomus tragatus, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Peng. vol. xliii, 1874, 
p- 143; Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 424. 


Hab. Peninsula of India (Rdjanpur, N. W. Frontier; 
Jashpur, near Chutia Nagpur; Caleutta).— Dodson, 


NYCTINOMUS. 151 


196a. An adult male in alcohol, No. 88F of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Calcutta. No history. Type. 

6. An adult male in alcohol. Jashpur, west of Chutia Nag- 
pur. Presented by W. T. Blandford, Esq., 1871. 

e. An edult female in alcohol. Rajanpur, Punjab frontier. 
Presented by W. F. Murray, Esq., M.B., 1872. 


197. Nyctinomus plicatus. 


Vespertilio plicatus, Buchanan-Hamilton, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1800, vol. v, 
1880, p. 261, fig. 
Nyctinomus plicatus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 425. 
Hab. Peninsula of India (Calcutta, Ludhidna, Agra, 
Madras) ; Sumatra; Java ; Borneo; Malay Peninsula (Singa- 
pore); Philippine Islands.— Dodson. 


1972, An adult male in alcohol, No. 88E of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. No history. 

6 & ce. Two skins, Nos. 88A & B of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Ludhiéna, Presented by Captain Boys, 1845. 

d & e, Two skins, Nos. 88C & D of Blyth’s Catalogue, 
Caleutta. — 

Jj. A skeleton, No. 88G of Blyth’s Catalogue. No 
history. 

g. A skin in very bad condition, No. 88H of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Dark specimen (M. tenuis, Horsfd.), old collec. 
tion. 

4 toj. Three skins. Agra. Presented by the Trustees of 
the Riddell Museum, 1869. 

& An adult male, and its viscera. Indian Museum. 
Dr. J. Anderson, 16th December 1876. ; 

?, An adult female in alcohol. Allahabad, Presented by 


John Cockburn, Esq., 20th March 1877. 


198. Nyctinomus johorensis. 


Molossus (Nyctinomus) johorensis, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. Jan. 


p: 22, 1873. 
Nyctinomus johorensis, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B, M. 1878, p. 432. 


Hab, Malay Peninsula (Johore). 


198a. An adult male in aleohol. Johore, Malayan Penin- 
sula. Presented by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1872. Type. 


199. Nyctinomus braziliensis. 


Nyctivo mus braziliensis (Js, Geoff. St. Hil.), Dobson, Cat, Chirop 
B. M. 1878, p. 437. 


152 MAMMALIA, 


Hab. Warmer regions of North and South America and 
their islands, extending from California to Chili; apparently 
everywhere distributed throughout the tropical and sub-tropi- 
cal parts of America, where it is probably the most common 
species of the genus, as it has the widest range.— Dodson. 


199a. An adult female in alcohol. Mexico. Presented by 
G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. 


ViI.—Famity PHYLLOSTOMID. 
I. Sug-Famiry PHYLLOSTOMINZ. 
L—Grove STENODERMATA. 


Genus ARTIBEUS, Leach, 1822. 


Sus-Gexvs ARTIBEUS., 


200, Artibeus perspicillatus. 
Artibeus perspicillatus (Zinneus), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, 
p. 519. 


Hab. Mexican, Antillean, and Brazilian Sub-Regions, ap- 
parently generally distributed throughout the two first named 
sub-regions, but in many parts of the Brazilian sub-region its 
place appears to be taken by A. planirostris.— Dobson. 


200a & 6. An adult male and female. Demerara. Pre- 
sented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1874, 


IV.—Orper INSECTIVORA, 


I.—Famity GALEOPITHECID. 


"Genus GALEOPITHECUS, Pallas, 1780. 


201. Galeopithecus volans. 


Lemur volans, Lin., Syst. Nat. ed. 12th, 1766, p. 45. 
Galeopithecus volans, Pallas, Act. Acad. Petrop. t. iv, 1780, p. 280, 
tab. 8; Shaw, Genl, Zool. vol. 1, pt. 1, 1800, p. 116, pls. 38 and 39, 


TUPATA. 153 


Galeopithecus rufus, Geoff. Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, 


p-19; Geoff, Cours. 12° Leg. 1829, p. 37; Desm., Mammif. 1822, 
p. 108. 


Galeopithecus rufus, variegatus et ternatensis, pp., et 38, Geoff, Cours. 
12"° Leg. 1828, p. 87; Desm., Mammif. 1822, p. 108. 

Galeopithecus temminckii, Waterhouse, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1838, 
p. 119; Trans, Zool. Soc. vol. ii, p. 335, pl. 58, fig. 2. 

Galeopithecus rufus, undatus et macrurus, Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. 
Suppl. Bd. i, 1880, pp. 324, 326 et 327. 


Hat. Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo. 


201a. Stuffed specimen, No. 49A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Malacca. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1844. 

6. A flat skin, mounted skeleton, and nearly mature foetus, 
in alcohol, of an adult female. Sinkip Island, Sumatra. 
Museum Collector, 14th May 1874. 

ctoe. Three skulls, Nos. 49 C, D, & Eof Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Malaeca. No history. 

J. Skin of a young animal, much variegated with grey, 
brownish and black, interspersed with white spots. Perak, 
Malayan Peninsula. Presented by Mrs. R. Allen, Calcutta, 
6th April 1877. 

g toi, The skins of two males and one female. The males 
are dusky brown above, variegated with dark brown, and 
spotted with white. From the Indian Museum, London. 

resented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 18th 
April 1880. 

j & k. Two skulls from the Indian Museum, London, Pre- 
sented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880. 


II.—Famity TUPAIIDA. 


I.—Sus-Famity TUPAIIN A. 
Genus TUPATA, Raffles, 1820. 


202. Tupaia ellioti. 


Tupaia ellioti, Waterhouse, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849, pp. 106 et 108, 
pl. xiii; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 82; Jerdon, 
Mamm. of Ind. 1867, p. 64; Ball, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1874, p. 95 ; 
Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch., &c., 1878, p. 124, pl. vii, figs. 12 
and 13 (skull). 


Hab. Southern and Central India (Madras, Gondulpudu, 
Godavari Valley) and extending northwards to Cuttack and 
to the Karakpur Hills, Monghyr, North-Western Bengal. 


154 MAMMALIA, 


2024 to ec. Two stuffed adults and one adolescent, and the 
skulls of and c, Nos. 241 A, B, & C of Blyth’s Catalogue, 
Madras. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1851. 

d to f. Two adult males and one female in alcohol. Karak- 
pur Hills, Monghyr. Presented by E. Lockwood, Esq., C.S., 
1874. 

g. Askull. Karakpur Hills, Monghyr. Presented by E. 
Lockwood, Esq., C.S., 1874. 

A. Skeleton of an adult. Gondulpudu, Godavari Valley. 
Presented by W. T. Blandford, Esq.,°27th July 1871. 

z. Contents of the stomach of one of the foregoing in- 
dividuals from Monghyr, consisting chiefly of the remains of 
small beetles. 

J to @. Two adult males and one adult female in alcohol. 
Monghyr. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Ist and 12th 
May 1880. 


203. Tupaia belangeri. 


be ae Pégou, Is. Geoff. St. Hil., Zool. de Bélanger, 1834, p. 103, 
tab. 4. 
Cladobates belangeri, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. 1842, Suppl. pt. ii, 

p. 42; op. cit. Bd. V, 1856, p. 527. 

Tupaia belangeri, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch, &c. 1878, p. 126, pl. 

vii, figs. 6 and 7 (skull). 

Dee ferruginea, Blyth (partim), Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, 

. 81. 

Pupaia peguana, Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 65. 

Hab. Nepal; Eastern Himalaya (Kurseong, Darjeeling) ; 
Assam ; Khasi Hills; Arakan, Island of Preparis, and Burma, 
and North Tenasserim. 

203a & 4. Two stuffed adults and the skulls ; Nos. 240 G and 
H of Blyth’s Catalogue. Arakan. Presented by Sir Arthur 
P, Phayre, 1844. : 

e. A skull, No. 2401 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Arakan. Pre- 
sented by Sir Arthur P. Phayre, 1844, 

d, An adult female in alcohol, No. 240J of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Pegu. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1856. 

e. The skeleton of a specimen sent alive from Chaérapunjf, 
No. 240K of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by R. W. G. 
Frith, Esq., 1851. 

J. An adult male in alcohol. No history. 

g. A mounted skeleton, prepared from’a specimen belonging 
to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. No history. 

A. A skeleton of an adult. No history. 

7. An adolescent male in alcohol without its skull, No 
history. 


TUPAIA. 155 


j. The skin and skull of an adult male. Cachar, Museum 
Collector, 1868. 

&, The skin of an adolescent female, and its skull. Dar- 
jeeling. Presented by J. H. Elwes, Esq., 1871. 

2. A young female in alcohol. Chéraépunji. Presented 
by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 7th July 1871. 

m top. Four skins, Arakan and Lower Pegu, Captain 
F. H. Hood and Museum Collector, 1872. 

-q to z. Five adult males, and four adult females in -alcohol. 
Arakan and Lower Pegu. Presented by Captain F. H. Hood, 
and Museum Collector, 1872. — 

aa & 6b, Three skulls, Arakan and Lower Pegu. Presented 
by Captain F. H. Hood, 1872. 

ec, Askin, No history. 

dd, The skin of an adult. Borpani, Dikrang, Assam. Dafla 
Expedition, 1875. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel H. H. God- 
win-Austen. 

ee. The skin of an adult. Assam. Presented by A. W. 
Chennell, Esq., 1875. 

Jf. An adult female in alcohol. Tsagain, Upper Burma. 
Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to 
Western Yunnan, 1875. 

gg. Skin of an adult male. Assam. Purchased, 1876. 
An orange mesial line along the ventral aspect. 

hh. The skin of an adult. This specimen is darker than 
the generality of individuals from the mainland and ap- 
proaches in this respect to 7. ferruginea. Island of Preparis, 
off the coast of Arakan. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society: 
of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliezka, 15th December 1875. 

ii, An adult in aleohol. Amherst. Presented by J. Arm- 
strong, Esq., M.B., 29th August 1877, 

DS kk. Two skulls without any history. 

u. A skeleton of an adolescent. No history. 


204. Tupaia chinensis. 


Tupaia chinensis, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. &c., 1878, p. 129, 
pl. vii, figs. 8 and 9. 


Had. China (high country of Western Yunnan). 


204a. An adolescent male in alcohol, and its skull. Ponsee, 
Kakhyen Hills, 3,185 ft., Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson, Pre- 
sented by the Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. 

6 &c. One skin of an adult and its skull. Muangla, 
Sanda Valley, Yunnan, 2,400 ft. Dr. J. Anderson. Present~ 
ed by the lst Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868, 


156 MAMMALIA. 


205. Tupaia ferruginea. 
Sorex-glis, Diard & Duvaucel, As. Resch, vol, xiv, 1822, pp. 471 et 475, 


pl. ix. 

Tupaia ferruginea Raffles, Linn. Trans. vol. xiii, p. 256, 1822 ; Blyth’s 
Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863 (partim), p. 81; Anderson, Anat. 
& Zool. Resch. Fc. 1878, p. 130, pl. vii, figs. 4 and 5 (skull). 


Hab, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. 


205a. A stuffed adult and its skull, No. 240 A of Blyth’s” 
Catalogue. Penang. Presented by the Rev, J. Barbe, 1846. 

&. A stuffed young animal and its skull, No. 240B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Penang. Presented by the Rev. J. 
Barbe, 1846. 

e. Astuffed adult and its skull, No. 240C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Malacta. Presented by the Rev. F. W. Lind- 
stedt, 1846. 

d. A stuffed young animal and its skull, No. 240D of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1856. 

é. A stuffed young animal and its skull, No. 240E of 
Blyth’s Catalogue, Mergui. Presented by Major Berdmore, 
1856. 

Jf. A preparation showing the teeth removed from the skull, 
and set in position, in wax, illustrating the differences between 
the deciduous and permanent teeth in both jaws, before any of 
the deciduous teeth are lost. Prepared from the skull of 
No. 240F of Blyth’s Catalogue, from Mergui. Presented 
by Major Berdmore, 1856. 

g. A skull from Mergui. Presented by Major Berdmore, 
1856. The roots of the teeth of both jaws exposed to show 
the relations between the permanent and deciduous teeth. 

A. First, second, and third molars of the right upper jaw; 
second and third right upper deciduous premolars ; and second 
and third deciduous premolars, right lower jaw. 


206. Tupaia malaccana. 


Cerp ou Banxring, F. Cuv., Mammif. t. ii, live" xxxv, Decembre 1821. 

Tupaia javanica, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 82. 

Tupaia malaccana, Anderson, Anat. g Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 184, pl. vii, 
figs. 16 and 17 (skull). 


Hab, Malacca. 


206a & 6. Two stuffed adults and two skulls, Nos. 242 A 
and B, Malacca. Presented. by R. W.G. Frith, Esq., 1846, 


HYLOMYS. 157 


207, Tupaia tana. 


Tupaia tana, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii, 1822, p. 257; Blyth, 
Cat. Mamm, As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 81; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. 
Resch. Sc. p. 136, 1878, pl. vii, figs. 1 and 2 (skull). 


Hab. Borneo. 


207a. A stuffed adult male, No. 239A of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Sumatra. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 


208. Tupaia nicobarica. 


Cladobates nicobaricus, Zelebor, Reise der Novara Stugeth. Bd. i, p.17, 
pls. i et ii, 1868. 

Tupaia nicobarica, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. Fe. p. 136, pl. vii, 
fig. 3 (skull). s 


Hab. Nicobars. 


208a. The skin of an adolescent male. Great Nicobar 
Island. By exchange with V. Ball, Esq., Sept. 1876, 

6, An adult male in alcohol. Nicobar Islands. Bequeathed 
to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 15th 
December 1875. 


Il.—Svus-Famiry HYLOMIN A. 


Genus HYLOMYS, 8S. Muller. 


209, Hylomys peguensis. 


Hylomys peguensis, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxxviii, 1859, p. 
294; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 82; Anderson, Trans. Zool. 
Soc. Lond. vol. viii, 1874, p. 453, pl. lxiv; Anat. g& Zool. Resch. 
fc. 1878, p. 138, pl. vi. 


Hab. Kakhyen Hills, Western Yunnan; Tenasserim, Java 
and Borneo. 


_ 2094. An adult female in alcohol, No. 243A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1858. 

6. The mounted skeleton of an adult. Ponsee, Kakhyen Hills, 
Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the Ist Expedition 
to Yunnan, 1868. Described, and figured in the Transactions 
of the Zool, Soc., vol. vili, p. 453. 


158 MAMMALIA. 


JIJ.—Famity ERINACEIDE. 


I.—Svus-Famity GYMNURINA. . 


Genus GYMNURA, Horsfield, Vigors, 1827. 


210. Gymnura rafflesii. 


Viverra gymnura, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii, 1822, p. 271. 

Gymnura rafflesii, Horsfield and Vigors, Zool. Journ. vol. iii, 1828, 
p. 246, tab. 8: Wagner, Schreb. Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1841, p. 46 ; 
abid., Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 534; Muller & Schlegel, Verhandl. 1, 
p. 26, 1839-43 ; Cant. Journ. As. Soc. vol. xv, 1846, p. 190; Owen, 
Odontog, p. 419, pl. 3, fig. 4; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. Cal. 
1863, p. 81; Grayg@Cat. Bones Mamm., Coll. B. M. 1862, p. 117. 

Echinosorex rafflesii, Blainv., Ost. Atl. t. i, Lnsectiv. pl. 6. (skull) ; 
pl. 10 (teeth). 


Hab. Malayan Peninsula (Sumatra, Borneo, and other 
Islands). 


210a. A stuffed adolescent and its skull, No. 288A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Malacca. Presented by C. Huffuagle, 
Esq., 1846, 
Vaz. candida, Gunther. 


b. A stuffed adult and its skull. Sarawak, Borneo, Pre- 
sented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 4th June 1869. 


TI.—Svus-Famiry ERINACEIN A, 


Genus ERINACEUS, Linn., 1766. 


211. Erinaceus europaeus, Linn. 


Erinaceus europaeus, Linn. Syst. 12th ed. 1766, vol. i, p. 75. 
Erinaceus vulgaris, Blyth, Cat. Mamm, As. Soc, Mus. 1863, p. 80. 


Hao, Europe. 


21la § 4. A stuffed adult and adolescent, Nos. 235 A and 
B of Blyth’s Catalogue. England. Presented by A..D. 
Bartlett, Esq., 1843. 

c & d. Two skulls, Nos, 285 C and D of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
England. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1848. | 

e. A mounted skeleton of an adult, No. 235E of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Presented by J. H. Gurney, Esq., 1860, : 


ERINACEUS. 159 


JS & g. Two glass tubes containing two spines, and sections 
of the spines of this species. Dr. J. Anderson, 1878. 

A. An adult male in alcohol. England. Presented by 
W. Rutledge, Esq., 17th December 1881. 


212. Hrinaceus micropus. 


Erinaceus auritus, Pearson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. v, 1836, p. 191. 

Erinaceus collaris, Gray, List. Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 81 (partim), 

Erinaceus micropus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xv, 1846, p. 170, 
(partim) ; ibid., op. cit. vol. xxii, 1853, p. 582; ibid., Cat. Mamm, 
Mus. As. Soc, Beng. 1863, p. 80: Wagner, Schreb. Séugeth. Suppl. 
Bd. i 1855, p. 591; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xli, 1872, 
p. 225. 4 

Erinaceus nudiventris, Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. East. Ind. Cos. Mus. 
1851, p. 136. 

Erinaceus (Hemiechinus) micropus Fitzinger, Sitzungshte. der K. Akad. 
Wissensch. Wien, Bd. 1x, pl. 1, 1867, p. 8758(partim) ; Anderson, 
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvii, pt. ii, ists, p- 200, pl. v*, figs. @ to d, 


Hab. Southern India. 


212a, A stuffed adult, No. 237A of Blyth’s Catalogue, 
and its skull B. Presented by W. H. Smoult, Esq., 1836, 

6. A skull, No. 237C of Blyth’s Catalocue. Presented 
by Sir Walter Elliot, Madras, 1843. 

— ¢, An adolescent male in alcohol, and its skull. Coimbator, 
Presented by the Madras Museum, 23rd December 1876, 

a, A young animal in alcohol. Coimbator. Presented by 
the Madras Museum, 13th December 1876. 

e to g. Three adult males in alcohol and the skulls of f and g 
(the former figured J. A. S. B. vol. xlvii, pt. ii, 1878, pl. v 
A, figs. ato d). ‘Trichinopoly. Presented by the Zoolo- 
gical Gardens, 5th December 1877, 

A, An adult made in alcohol. Coimbator. Presented by 
the Zoological Gardens, 5th December 1877, 

z. Two tubes containing spines, and sections of spines of 
this species. 


213. Erinaceus pictus. 


P Erinaceus indicus, Royle, Ill. Ind. Zool. 1839, p. 6 ; not described. 

Erinaceus collarjs? Hutton, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiv, 1845, 
p. 351, 3rd specimen, partim; Blyth, 1. c. p. 352, footnote; ibid., op. 
cit. vol. xxii, 1853, p. 582 (partim). 

Erinaceus micropus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xv, 1846, p. 170 
(partim). 

Erinaceus (Hemiechinus) micropus, Fitzinger, Sitzungsbte. der K. Akad. 
Wissenseh. Wien, Bad. lvi, pt. i, 1867,.p. 875 (partim). 

Erinaceus (Hemiechinus) pictus, Stoliczka, Journ, As. Soc, Beng. vol. xli, 
1872, p. 223. 


160 MAMMALIA. 


Erinaceus pictus, Anderson, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. vol. xlvii, pt. ii, 
1878, p. 203, pl. iii. 


Hab. Western and North-Western India to Sind. 


2184 to k. Three adults, two adolescents, and three younger 
individuals, and the skulls of a, 0, ¢,d,e,f, and g. Agra 
District. Presented by the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, 
15th April 1870. 

z. One skull. Agra District. Presented by the Trustees 
of the Riddell Museum, Agra, April 1870. 

j. Askull. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 14th March 
1874. 

k, The flat skin and skeleton of an adult male. North- 
Western Provinces. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 30th 
December 1872. 

2, An adult female in alcohol. Alwar. Presented by 
Major T. Cadell, V.C., 12th May 1877. 

m. A young female in alcohol; with larger spines than 
the generality of specimens, and with the brown band near 
the apices of the spines absent, so that the animal appears 
white. Karéchi. By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 
19th November 1870. 

m. An adult male in alcohol. Kardchf. By exchange with 
the Kardchi Museum, 2nd May 1877. 

o. An adolescent female in alcohol. Gunah, Central India. 
Presented by A. Barclay, Esq., M.B., 19th September 1878, 
Differing somewhat from the ordinary examples of Z. pictus 
by its somewhat larger ears and finer spiues, and by the dark 
brown below the eye passing downwards and under the neck 
as a lower collar. 

p. Three tubes containing spines and sections of spines 
of this species. 

g tos, Three adult males in alcohol. Kardchi. By ex- 
change with the Karachi Museum, 12th December 1879. 

¢. An adult female in alcohol. Kardéchi Museum. By 
exchange, 19th August 1879. 


214. Hrinaceus grayi. 


Erinaceus collaris, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. vol. i, 1898-32, pl. viii (not 
described) : ibid., List. Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 81 (partim) ; Hutton, 
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiv, 1845, p. 351 (first two specimens only); 
Blyth, op. cit. vol. xv, 1846, p. 170; tbid., op. cit. vol. xxii, 1853, 
p. 582 (partim); Wagner, Schreb. Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 
590; Stoliczku, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xli; 1872, p. 225. 

Erinaceus grayi, Bennett, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1832, p.124; Gray, List. 
Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 81; Wagner, Schreb. Sdéugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 


ERINACEUS. 161 


A841, p. 28; idid., op. cit. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 590; Fitzinger, 
Sitzungsbte. der K. Akad. Wien, Bad. lvi, pt. 1, 1867, p. 870 (partim) ; 
Stoliceka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xli, 1842, p. 225; Anderson, 
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvii, 1878, pt. 11, p. 204, pl. iv, 

Brinaceus spatangus, Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 124, juv.; 
Ogilby, Royle’s Il. Iud. Himal. Botany, 1839, p. 62; Blyth, Journ. 
As. Soc. Beng. vol. xv, 1846, p. 170; Gray, Mamm. B. WM. 1843, p. 82 ; 
Wagner, Schreb. Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1841, p. 27; ibid., op. cit. 
Suppl. Bd. v. 1856, p. 590; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. 
xli, 1872, p. 225. 

Hemiechinus grayi, Fitzinger, Sitzungsbte. der K. Akad. Wien, Ba. 1vi, 


pt. 1, 1867, p. 870. 

Hemiechinus collaris, Fitzinger, Sitaungsbte. der K. Akad. Wien, Bd. 
hi, pt. 1, 1867, p. 872. 

Hemiechinus spatangus, Fitzinger, Sitzungsbte. der K. Akad. Wien, 
Ba. 1vi, pt. 1, 1867, p. 873. : 

Erinacous blanfordi, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvii, pt. ii, 
1878, p. 208, pl. v. 


Hab. North-Western India, Western India to Sind. 


214 a toe. Three adult females, one young female and one 
adolescent male in alcohol, and the skulls of @ and e, the 
former skull figured, Journ. As. Sce. Beng. vol. xlvii, 1878, 
pl. iv. Fathigarh. Presented by Andrew Anderson, Esq., 
11th November 1872, 

J. The newly-born young of 6 in alcohol: eyes closed ; ear 
of right side imperforate, that of the left side widely open, 
the conch being folded down on both sides. The muscular 
mantle covering the dorsum has a thickened margin, corre- 
sponding to the downward distribution of the spines. The 
spines are prolonged ‘forwards nearly in the same line witn the 
eye. On the middle of the forehead there is a narrow area 
extending a short way backwards, perfectly free of spines. A 
few short spines occur bebind this area on the vertex, but from 
the nape of the neck backwards to near the posterior end of the 
mantle there is a continuous, rather broad, linear bare space. 
The spines are of two kinds, coloured and uncoloured, and the 
latter are the larger, and doubtless become replaced by coloured 
spines. The spines are placed rather widely apart, and are not 
very numerous, and the shortest occur along the side of the 
back; tke largest are about 4 of an inch in length. The 
whiskers “and the hairs along the upper lips are present” and a 
few short scattered hairs occur on the chin, but all the other 
portions of the animal are perfectly nude. The snout is 
short and broad, and the teeth are visible. Fathigarb. 
Presented by Andrew Anderson, Esq., 11th November 1872. 

g. Flat skin and skeleton of a young animal, North- 
Western Provinces. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 9th 
June 1871. 

L 


162 MAMMALIA. 


h. Six tubes containing spines and sections of spines of this - 
species. Dr. J. Anderson. 

a, Anadult male in alcohol. Agra. Major T. Cadell, V.C. 
Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 21st July 1877. 

j- An adolescent male in alcohol, and its skull figured, 
Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xlvii, 1878, pl. v. Type of 
£. blanford:, Anderson, Rohri, Sind. By exchange with W. T. 
Blanford, Esq., 22nd March 1877. 

&. An adult male in alcohol. Kardchi. By exchange with 
the Karachi Museum, 29th April 1877. 

Z. A very young female in alcohol. By exchange with the 
Karachi Museum, 19th November 1877. 

m, An adult male and two adult females in aleohol. Kotri. 
By exchange with.the Karachi Museum, 19th August.1879. 

p tor, One male and two adult females. By exchange 
with the Karachi Museum, 12th December 1879. 

s. An adult male in alcohol. Presented by the Zoological 
Gardens, 15th April 1880. 


215. Eriuaceus auritus. 


Erinaceus auritus, Pallas, Nov. Comment. Act. Petropol. vol. xiv, 
1870, p. 573, pl. 21, fig. 4. : 

Erinaceus albulus, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. vol. xli, 1872, pl. 2, 
fig. 2, p.226; Blanford, 2nd Yarkand Mission, Mammalia, 1379, p- 
14, pl. 1, fig. 2, and pl. 1a, fig. 1. 

Erinaceus macracanthus, Blanford (partim), Eastern Persia, vol. ii,. 
Zoology, 1876, p. 27, pl. 1, fig. 2, nee fig. 1. 


Hab, Eastern Europe and Western Asia, as far south as 
Yaérkand, and extending downwards to the Highlands of 
South-Eastern Persia. 


215a. The skin and skull of an aged male. Volga, Russia. 
Presented by Professor Peters, Berlin, 6th September 1877. 

é. A stuffed adolescent and its skull]. Langur, near Sénju, 
Yarkand, 6,570 ft. Presented by the Ist Mission to Yarkand. 
Dr. Henderson, 1870. Type of £. albulus, Stoliczka. 

c to e. The skins of two adult and one young and skulls of 
e and d. Yarkand. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the. 
2nd Mission to Yarkand, 1873-74. 

Jj. The skin of an adult male. KAarghalik, south of Yér- 
kand. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the 2nd Mission to 
Yarkand, 1873-74. 

g. The skin of an adult. Jigda, found dead on the road. 
Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the 2nd Mission to Yarkand, 
1873-74, 


ERINACEUS. 163 


h & i? The skins of an adult and of another.. Yangihissar. 
Dr. F. Stoliczisa. Presented by the 2nd Mission to Yarkand, 
1873-74. 

j. A disarticulated skeleton. Ydrkand, 25th May, 1874. 
Dr. F. Stoliczka. * Presented by the 2nd Mission to Yarkand, 
1873-74. 

&. Two tubes containing spines and sections of spines of 
this species. 

l. The skin and skull of an adolescent male. Karman. 
South-Eastern Persia, 6,000 feet, 9th May 1872. W. T. 
Blanford, Esq. One of the types of LZ. macracanthus, Blanford, 
and figured in Eastern Persia, 1870-72, Vol. II, Zoology, 
pl. 1, fig. 2. Presented by the Persian Boundary Commission, 
1872. , 

‘The skin of this animal is inseparable from skins of 
£. albutus, which-is apparently identical with Zrinaceus 
auritus. In the absence of a bare area on the forehead this 
hedgehog resembles “. auritus, while in this important struc- 
tural feature it differs essentially from Z. macracanthus. The 
bare area is apparently not a variable feature in a species, 
neither is it sexual. 

The skull also closely resembles the skull of #. auritus and 
is inseparable from it. 


216. Erinaceus megalotis. 


(?) Erinaceus auritus, Pallas, Hutton, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiv, 
1845, p. 353. 

Erinaceus megalotis, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiv, 1845, 
p- 353; Cat.«Mamm. As. Soc. Beng. Mus, 1863, p. 80; Stoliczka, 
Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xli, 1872, p. 225; Blanford, Zool. of 
Persia, 1876, p. 28. 


Hab. Afghéuistdn, 

216a. An adult, mounted; No. 234A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Kandahar. Presented by Captain T. Hutton, 1845. Type 
of EL. megalotis, Blyth. 

&. The skin and skull of an adult. Purchased from a Kabul 
merchant, trading between Kabul and India, January 1870. 

ce, Five tubes containing spines of this species. 

Fars very large and rounded ; muzzle rather short and broad ; 
feet large; inner hind toe well developed; claws large and 
strong. ‘Tail short, moderately long, and nearly naked. The 
spines are rather long, but much shorter than in &. macracan- 
thus, and they do not reach forwards to the ear, but nearly so, 
and they are not divided on the vertex by a bare space. The 
spines are covered with 28 raised ridges, rather strongly 


164 _ MAMMALIA. 


marked by small tubercles, asin HZ. macracanthus. Inthe type, 
the spines have in some instances a narrow pale tip, somewhat 
asin FE. grayi, hardly perceptible, however, in the great 
majority, and immediately succeeded by a broad pale-yellowish 
band, followed by a narrow dusky band, again succeeded by a 
pale band. In two specimens obtained from a native 
merchant trading between British territory and Kabul, 
and which seem to belong to this species, the spines are 
narrowly tipped with black, succeeded by a narrow blackish 
band, which is followed by a hroad white band, in its tura 
succeeded by a narrow obscure dusky area, the base of the 
spine being white, 

The type is in too poor a condition to gain a correct idea 
regarding the character of the fur, but Captain Hutton has 
described the face, inside of the ears, and chin, as far as the 
base of the ears, very pale cinereous, or nearly white; from 
thence all the under parts are sooty, or rusty black; head, 
limbs, and under parts clothed with soft hairs of a sooty black 
or fuliginous brown; feet darkest; tail black. In the two 
specimens purchased from the Kabul merchant the ears, the 
sides of the head from the ears to the chin, are white, while the 
front of the face is whitish, mixed with black hairs, giving a 
curious appearance, as described by Hutton; the under parts 
are rusty black; the limbs dark brown. 

The skull of the type of #. megalotis was not in the 
collections made over by. the Asiatic Society to the Govern- 
ment of India. The skulls, however, of the two other speci- 
mens, which may be regarded as examples of this species, 
present a close resemblance to the skull of #. macracanthus, 
but they are very much larger than the skulls of very old 
examples of that species, and the muzzle of the skull is shorter 
and broader, and there is relatively greater width of the post- 
orbital contraction. The teeth also are very much larger, 
but the species are undoubtedly very closely allied. 


217, Erinaceus macracanthus. 


Erinaceus macracanthus, Blanford, Eastern Persia, vol. ii, Zoology, 
1876, p. 27, pl. 1, fig. 1, nee fig. 2. 


Hab, Highlands of Persia. 


217a. The skin of an adult female and its skull; free ends 
of spines broadly tipped with black. MAéhtn, near Karman, 
South-Eastern Persia, 6,000 feet, 8rd May 1872. W. T. 
Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Persian Boundary Commis- 


ERINACEUS. 165 


sion, 1872. One of the types of HB. macracanthus, Blanford, 
figured in Eastern Persia, 1870-72, Zoology, vol. ii, pl. 1, fig. 1. 

6. The skin of an adult like the foregoing. Dizak, Ba- 
lichistén, 4,000 feet, 21st March 1872. W. T. Blanford, 
Esq. Presented by the Persian Boundary Commission, 1872. 

c. The skin of an adult female; spines wholly yellow, 
brownish washed. Karman, 6,000 feet, South-Eastern Persia, 
W. T. Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Persian Boundary 
Commission, 1872. 

d. The skin of a large adult like the last and its skeleton. 
Karmén, South-East Persia, 5,000 feet. W.T. Blanford, Esq. 
Presented by the Persian Boundary Comission, 1872. 

e. Three glass tubes containing the spines of this species. 


218. Hrinaceus jerdoni. 


Erinaceus jerdoni, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvii, pt. ii, 
1878, p. 209, pl. Va, figs. e to h. 


Hab. Bastern Afghdénistin (Kurram Valley), North-Western 
Punjab (Pind Dadun Khan, Rajanpur), Sind. 


218a & &. Two skins wholly black in bad condition. Nos. 
236 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Pind Dddun Khan. 
Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1859. 

e. A skull, No. 236C of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

d, An adolescent male in alcohol and-its skull. Réjanpur. 
Presented by E. Sanders, Esq., M.B., 30th April 1878. 

e. A gravid female with four foetuses, three in one, and one 
in the other horn of the uterus, in alcohol, and its skull, the 
latter figured in the Journal Asiatic Society, Bengal, vol. xlvii, 
1878, pl. Va, figs.e toh. By exchange with the Kardch{ 
Museum, 4th June 1878. 

jf. An adolescent female in alcohol and its skull. Sind. By 
exchange with the Kardchf Museum, 4th June 1878. 

g- A young male in alcohol. By exchange with the 
Karachi Museum, 19th August 1879. 

A. A young male in aleohol. By exchange with the 
Karaéchf Museum, 12th December 1879. 

i. An adult female in aleohcl. Thull, Kurram Valley, 
Eastern Afghdnistén. Presented by A. Barclay, Esq., M.B., 
7th February 1880. 

j tom, The head and feet of an adult, a foetus and the 
heads of tivo young specimens in alcohol. Thull, Kurram 
Valley. Presented by A. Barclay, Hsq., M. B., 7th February 
1880. 

2, Six tubes containing the spines of this species. 


166 MAMMALIA. 


IV.—Famity CENTETIDZ. 


Genus ERICULUS, Is. Geoff. St. Hilaire, 1839. 


219. Ericulus setosus: 


Tendrac, Buffon, Nat. Hist. t. xii, 1764, p. 438, pl. 57. 

Erinaceus setosus, Schreber. Stiugeth. Bd. iii, 1778, p. 583, pl. 164; zbid. 
Wagner. 

Ericulus nigrescens, Is. Geoff. St. Hil., Mag. de Zool. pls. 1. & 4, 1839 ; 
p. 33, pls. 3 & 4; Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 73, pl. v, (skeleton). 

Ericulus spinosus, Zs. Geoff. St. Hil..l.c.p. 34; Wagner, Schreber, 
Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1855, p. 584. 


Hab. Madagascar. 


219a. The skeleton of an adult. Madagascar. By ex- 
change with the British Museum, 6th January 1879. 


Genus CENTETES, Illiger, 1811° 


220. Centetes ecaudatus. 


Le Tanrec, Buffon, Nat. Hist. t. xii, 1766, p. 438, pl. 56. 

Erinaceus ecaudatus, Gmelin, Linn, Syst. Nat. 13th ed. 1788, p. 117, 
partim, nec le jeune tanrec, Buffon, = Hemicentetes. 

Centetes ecaudatus, Mivart, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1871, p. 59. 


Hab. Madagascar. 


220a. The skin of an adult. Madagascar. By exchange 
with the British Museum, 6th January 1879. 

6. The skeleton of an adult. Madagascar, By exchange 
with the British Museum, 6th January 1879. 


GENUS HEMICENTETES, Mivart, 1871. 


221. Hemicentetes madagascariensis. 


Le jeune tanrec, Buffon, Nat. Hist. Suppl. t. iii, 1776, p. 214, pl., xxxvii. 

Erinaceus madagascariensis, Shaw, Gent. Zool. vol. 1, pl. ii, 1800, p, 
548; Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. 1871, p. 58, figs.1, 2, and 3 
(skull). 

Ericius semispinosus, Giebel, Zeitsch. Ges. Natur, 1871, p. 57, pl. ii, 
figs. 1 to 3. 


Hab, Madagascar. 


221a, The skeleton of an adult. Madagascar. By exchange 
with the British Museum, 6th January 1879, 


RHINASTER. 167 


V.—Famity CHRYSOCHLORID A. 


Genus CHRYSOCHLORIS, Cuvier, 1800. 


222. Chrysochloris rutilans. 


Chrysochloris rutilans, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1845, 
p. 125; ibid., 7. ec. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 580. 

Chrysochloris hottentotta, A. Smith, Zool. Journ. vol. iv, Oct. 1828 to 
July 1829, p. 436; South Afr. Quart. Journ. 1833, p. 81; Wagner, 
Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1841, p. 120; ibid, 2. ¢. Suppl. 
Ba. v, 1856, p. 581. : 

Chrysochloris holosoricea, Licht. Darstellung, 1827-34, pl. xli, fig. 2; 
Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1841, p. 124; ibid, 2. e. 
Bape Bd. v, 1856, p. 581; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soe. Mus. 1863, 
p. 87. 


Hab. South Africa. 


222a § 6. Two stuffed specimens, Nos. 266A and B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by E. L, Layard, Esq. 1859. 


223, Chrysochloris damarensis. 


‘Chrysochloris damarensis, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. Jan. 1838, p. 5; 
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1838, vol. ii, p. 146; Wagner, Schreber, 
Sdugeth. Suppl., Bd. ii, 1841, p. 126; ibed., 2. ¢. Bd. v, 1856, p. 582. 


Hab. Damarland, South Africa. 


223a. A stuffed specimen, No. 267A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Presented by Major W. S. Sherwill, 1852. 


VI.—FamILy TALPIDA. 
Genus RHINASTER, Wagner, 1841. 


224. Rhinaster cristatus. 


Sorex cristatus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 73; Schreber 
Stugeth. Bd. iii, 1778, p. 566. 

Talpa longicaudata, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. 118. 

Condylura cristata, Desm., Mamm. 1820, p. 157; Harlan, Fauna 
Amer., 1825, p. 36. : 

Condylura longicaudata, Desm., Mamm. 1820, p. 157; Richardson, 
Fauna Br, Amer. 1829, p. 13. 

Condylura macroura, Harlan, Fauna Amer. 1825, p. 39. 

Condylura prasinata, Harris, Taylor's Phil. Mag. vol. 67, 1826, p. 191. 

Rbinaster cristatus, Wugnew Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1841, 
p- 117; ibid., Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 575. 

Astromydes cristatus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As, Soc. Mus, 1863, p. 87, 


Hab. North America. 


‘ 


168 MAMMALIA. 


224a. A stuffed adult in bad condition, No, 264A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Usq., 1843. 


Genus TALPA, Linn., 1766. 
225. Talpa europea. 


Talpa europea, Linn, Syst. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, p. 73; Schreber, 
Sdiugeth. Bd. iii, 1778, p. 558, pl. 156; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As, Soc. 
Mus. 1863, p. 88. 


Hub. Europe generally, extending to Northern Asia. 


225a. A stuffed specimen ; No. 268A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
England. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1843. 

6 & c. Two skeletons, Nos. 268 B& C of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. One presented by Mr, W. Masters, 1844; the other 
no history. 

d. The skin of an adult. Hunter’s Bog, Arthur’s Seat, 
Edinburgh. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 3rd December, 
1880. 

: 226. Talpa micrura. 


Assam mole, McClelland, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. vii, 1838, p. 464.. 

Talpa micrura, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. x, 1840, p. 910; 
Gray. List Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus. 1843, p. 75; Blyth, Journ. 
As, Soc. Beng. vol. xix, 1850, p. 215, plate iv, fig. 2 (skull); Horsfield, 
Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Cos. Mus. 1851, p. 129; Wagner, Schreber 
Stugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 578; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Svc. 
Mus. 1863, p. 88; A. Milne Edward's Recherch. des Mammif. 
1868-74, p. 284. 


Talpa cryptura, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xii, 1843, p. 928. 
Hab, Nipal, Sikkim, and Assam. 


Uniformly velvety brown, with a silvery grey gloss. Snout 
almost nude, being sparsely clad on its sides with bristly 
hairs, each seated on an eminence, in the centre of a well- 
defined pit. A broad mesial linear tract on the upper surface 
of the snout, quite devoid of hairs. The extremity of the 
snout with a transverse furrow below the nostril, and a tumid 
fold of skin below the furrow. Eye very minute and 
covered with membrane; eyelids not defined. Claws stout 
on the fore feet, and moderately long. Tail about one-third 
of the greatest breadth of the manus, not knobbed at its 
end and only sparsely elad. 

The skull of this species resembles the skull of the other 
Asiatic moles, with the exception of 7. wogura and 7. insularis, 
im having four pairs of inferior incisors, but differs from f. 
leucura, &e., in possessing four pairs of upper premolars, and in 
this respect it resembles 7. macrura and T, longirostris. 


TALPA, 169 


2264. An adult male in alcohol and its skull, No. 269A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 88. Nepal. Presented by H. B. Hodgson, 
Esq., C.S., 1843. 

6. An adult female in alcohol, No. 269B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Darjeeling, p. 88. Purchased, 1842. Type of 7. 
eryptura, Blyth. Journal; Asiatic Society, Bengal, vol. xii, 
1843, p. 928. 

_¢. A skull, probably that figured in Journal, Asiatic So-« 
ciety, Bengal, vol. xix, 1350, Plate IV, fig. 2, and possibly 
the skull of the foregoing specimen. 

d, An adult female in alcohol, No. 269C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue, p. 88. Assam. Presented by Colonel Jenkins, 1854. 

e. Askininalcohol. Sadiya, Assam. Presented by Colonel 
Jenkins, 1854. 

J toh, Three stuffed adults ; Nos. 269 D, E & F of Blyth’s 
Catalogue, p. 88. Assam. Presented by Colonel Jenkins, 1854. 

z tok. Three stuffed specimens ; Nos. 269 G, H andI of 
Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 85. Darjeeling. Presented by Mrs. 
Oakes, 1854, and the skull of z imperfect. 

t, A skeleton mounted; No. 269J of Blyth’s Catalogue, 
p. 88, Darjeeling. Presented by W.T, Blanford, Esq., 1857. 
Vertebra, c. 7; d. 13, 1.6; 8.3; p.c. 3; caudal 8. 

m. Astuffed adult. Darjeeling. Presented by T. C. Jerdon, 
Esq., 1854. 

n. A young femalé in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by 
W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. 

o, Skin of an adult. Samaguting, Assam. Presented by 
Captain J. Butler, October 1872. 

p&q. Two skins of adults. Naga Hills, Assam. Presented 
by Captain J. Butler, 14th April 1875. 

7. Skin of an adult. Néga Hills, Assam. Found at an 
elevation of 400 feet above the sea-level. Presented by 
A. W. Chennell, Esq., 19th April 1875. 

s. Skin of a young animal. Naga Hills, Assam. Pre- 
sented by A. W. Chennell, Esq., 1st February 1877. 

t to w. Three males and one female in alcohol. Sureil, 
British Sikkim. Presented by George King, Esq., M.B., 
4th January 1878. ; 

a § y. Two adult malesin alcohol. Sureil, British Sikkim, 
Presented by George King, Esq., M.B., 10th Febrnary 1879. 

z§ aa. Anadult male and female in alcohol. Sureil, 
British Sikkim. Presented by J. L. Lister, Hsq., 10th 
February 1879. 

In the natural skeleton, the caudal vertebe, 8 in number, 
measure 6-tenths of an inch in length. 


170 MAMMALIA. 


227. Talpa leucura. 


Talpa leucura, Blyt', Journ, As. Soc. Beng. vol xix, 181, p. 215, pl. iv, 
fig. 1 (skull); Wagner, Schreber Stiugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 578 ; 
Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., 1863, p. 88. 


Hab. Sylhet, Khasi Hills, and Tenasserim. 


Wholly velvety black ; considerably smaller than 7. micrura 
and with the snout neither so long nor narrow. The snout is 
clad as in JZ. micrura, but the hair crypts are not so pro- 
minent. The manus is somewhat less broad than in 7. 
micrura and the nails are notso long. The tail is consider- 
ably longer than in 7. micrura, and it is dilated into a rounded 
knob, sparsely covered with longish white hair ; its length ex- 
ceeds two-thirds of the breadth of the manus. The eye is 
covered by a membrane, and there are no defined eyelids. 

The skull is at once distinguished from the skull of 7. mi- 
crura, by its much smaller size, and by the presence of 
only three pairs of premolars in the upper jaw. The adult 
skull is 1”°2 long, whereas that of 7. micrura measures 1”37. 
This difference of size is well marked in all the bones. The 
caudal vertebre arelonger, but feebler, than in 7. mzcrura, and 
their number (8) is the same in both. 


227a toc. Three stuffed specimens, Nos. 270 A, B andC of 
Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 88. Sylhet. Presented by W. Skip- 
witb, Esq., and R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1845-51. 

d. An adult female in alcohol, No. 270D of Blyth’s 
Catalogue, p. 88. Charapunji. Presented by R. W. G. 
Frith, Esq. Types of TZ. lewcura, Blyth. 

e. An adult female in alcohol, No. 270E of Blyth’s 
Catalogue, p. 88. Hilly region bordering on the Sittang 
River, Tenasserim. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1845. 

. A young female in alcohol. Khasi Hills. Presented 
by W.S. Atkinson, Esq., 23rd December 1867. 

g. A natural skeleton, No. 270F of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 
88. Hilly region bordering on the Sittang River, Tenasserim. 
Presented by Major Berdmore, 1848. 

A. A natural skeleton. Prepared from a specimen pre- 
sented by Arthur-Grote, Esq., 4th July 1868. 

z. Askull: no history, apparently the skull figured by 
Blyth in the Journal, Asiatic Society, Bengal, vol. xix, 
1851, pl. iv fig. 1. 

j. Skin of an adult. Nagé& Hills, Assam, found at’ 
an elevation of nearly 10,000 feet above the sea-level. 
Presented hy A. W. Chennell. Esq., 14th April 1875. 


CROCIDURA. 171, 


VII.—Famity SORICIDA. 
I.—Sus-Famity ANUROSORICINA. 


Gunus ANUROSOREX, A. M. Edwards, 1870. 


228. Anurosorex assamensis. 


Anurosorex assamensis, Anderson, Ann. G& Mag. Nat: Hist. vol. xvi, 
1875, p. 252; Anat. & Zool. Resch. Yunnan Exped. 1878, p. 150, pl. 
v figs. 1-16. 


Hab. Assam. 


Head large; eye excessively small; ear hidden under the 
fur, and valvular. Feet devoid of hairs, scaly and of nearly 
equal breadth, but the fore-feet the shorter. Tail rudimentary, 
almost completely hidden by the fur. Fur nearly erect, fine, 
dense and silky, longest on the rump: numerous long hairs 
project beyond the general mass of the fur, and are brown, 
with obscure pale tips : general colour of the fur dark slaty, 
faintly marked with brownish rusty on the long hairs on the 
rump. Whiskers well developed: shorter hair above and 
between the eyes: semi-nude parts of the snout, the scaly 
limbs, and tail are flesh coloured, and the claws are yellow. 
Snou tto vent 292: fore-foot 0’°50: hind foot 0”75: tail 
07-50. 


278a to e: Astuffed adult female and her skeleton, and 
three of her young ones in alcoho]. Obtained between 
Sibségar and Jaipur, Assam. Presented by 8S. E. Peal, Esq., 
September 1871. ype. Described and figured Anat & Zool. 
Resch. ; 


II.—Svus-Famity CROCIDURINA, 


Genus CROCIDURA, Wagler, 1832. 


Sus-Genus PACHYURA, Sélys-Longchamps, 1839. 
(Lateral gland.) 
229. Crocidura czerulescens. 


La musaraigne musquée de l’Inde, Buffon, Nat. Hist. Suppl. t. vii, 
1789, p. 281, pl. lxxi. . 
Perfuming Shrew, Pennant, Quadr. vol. ii, 1781, p. 477. 


1 Pygmura, Andorson, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 229. 


172 MAMMALIA, 


Sorex crulescens, Shaw, Genl. Zool. vol. i, pt. 2 (1800), p. 533, 

partim. Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soe. Mus. 1863, p 82, sed nec 
“'S. erassicaudatus, Licht. ; Jerdon, Mamm. of Ind. 1867, p. 53. 

Sorex indicus et murinus, Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. du Mus.; t.xvii, 1811, p.183; 
et p. 186: Mém. du Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. t.i, 1815, p. 303, pl. xv, figs. 1 & 2. 

Sorex indicus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif., livr". XL, Avril 1823, 
pl. 28: Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1830, p. 99. ‘ : 

Sorex sonneratii, Is. Geoff. St. Hil., Ann. du Mus.t. xv, 1827, p. 132. 

Mus giganteus, Js. Geoff. St. Hil., Mém. du Mus. 1827, p. 137 (partim). 

Sorex myosurus, Grey & Shaw, Lil. Ind. Zool. vol. i, 1832, Mamm. pl. 
ix, nec C. myosurus, Pallas. 

Sorex murinus, Gray, List of Mamm. B.M. 1843, p. 78 (partun) ; 
Kelaart, Prod. Fauna Zeylanica 1852, p. 30. 

Sorex tytleri, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxviii, 1859, p. 285. 

Crocidura (P.) waldemarii, Peters, Monatsh. K. P. Acad., 1870, p. 590. 

Pachyura indica, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1873, p. 231. 

Crocidura. (P.) fulvocinerea, et sindensis, Anderson, Journ, As, Soc. Beng. 
vol. xlvi, pt. 11,1877, pp. 263 et 266. 


Hab. India generally ; Ceylon; Arakan and Burma. 


The form is rather heavy in the fully adult, but in the 
adolescent it is less so: the limbs are short and stout. The 
head slopes gradually downwards and forwards from the 
vertex, and the snout, which varies in length, is long, but 
slightly depressed from beyond the moustachial swelling, 
which appears to gain in breadth as the animal advances in age, 
the head generally becoming much heavier than it is in the 
adolescent. The snout terminates in two somewhat tubular 
nostrils, which are divided from each other by a sharp incision ; 
their orifices look outwards and forwards. There is a slight 
contraction before the eyes, followed by the considerable 
moustachial swelling. Theeyes aresmall. The ears are mo- 
derately large and rounded, but of varying dimensions. 
The hind feet and toes are rather short, but of variable 
size, and the claws are moderately developed. The 
snout and the chin are seminude, sparsely clad with short 
pale hairs, but the moustachial hairs are numerous and long. 
The ears also are only very sparsely clad along their 
margins, and over their external aspect, with short delicate 
hairs. The fore-limb is densely clad, almost to the wrist, but 
immediately above the joint the hairs are short and sparse, 
and this character is preserved by the pelage on the backs 
of the fore-feet, while on the toes the hairs are fewer, and 
occur only between the rings that mark their upper snrface. 
The backs of the fore-feet are also scaly. The lower half of 
the tibial portion of the hind limb is almost nude, the hairs 
being few and short, and this character occurs also on the 
upper surface of the pes. The feet have thus the appear- 


CROCIDURA. 173 


ance of being nearly nude. There is a seminude area around 
the urino-genital orifice continuous with the seminude skin 
of the under surface of the tail. The tail is very thick at 
the base in the males, and has the appearance of being 
round, while in reality it is broader than it is deep from 
above downwards ; like the hinder feet it is somewhat variable 
in length. It is marked by fine, much interrupted con- 
centric rings, 25 to 80 to half an inch, and between these 
short white hairs occur, but so sparsely as in no way to 
obscure the skin, and at intervals of about quarter of an 
inch, long, isolated, white hairs occur to within half an inch 
of the tip of the tail. The fur varies in length, probably 
according to climate and seasonal changes. It is generally: 
pure grey, but the tips of the hairs in adults are generally 
yellowish grey, so that animals have not unfrequently a pale 
fawn tint mixed with greyish, and in Assam specimens the 
fur is marked with reddish brown. All the seminude parts 
are pinkish flesh-coloured. The colour, however, is darkest 
in youth, when it is dark slate-grey, and palest in adult life, 
when it appears to become more rufous. The female (5), killed 
along with the male (4), has a decided rufous tint all over the 

“ upper parts ; so much so that the colour may be described as 
rufous fawn, with a slight greyish tint on the side, the under 
surface also being grey with a rufous tint. In this gravid 
female the fur is extremely short, while in the male it is 
much longer, 


The following me asurements may be given of both sexes :— 


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 


Assam var. 
fulwo- 
cinerea. 
3 Q é $ fc) $ $ 
7 in. in. in in. ah ee gee 
Tip of snout to vent . . | 635 | 5°15 | 5:90 | 7:00 | 6 6:0 K 
Yank to tip of tail F . | 365 | 3°05 | 3:50 | 4°00 | 3°50 | 3°90 | 2°83 
Length of hindfeet . . | 1:03 | 0°90 | 1°03 | 1°03 | 1:00 | 1:00 | 0°82 
Tip of snout to eye . | 0°88 | 0°70 | 0°87 | 0°98 | 0°89 | 0-07 | 0°70 
Eyetoear . . ‘ . | O51 | O41 | O51 | 0°65 | 0°54 | 0°57 | 0°35 
Height of ear; . > . | 0°60 | 0°50 | 0°58 | O56 | 0-49 | 0:50 | 0°35 
Breadth of ear. ; . | 0°55 | 0°47 | 0°52 | 0°45 | 9-46 | 0-41 | 0°40 


1 The height of the ear is taken in a straight line from below the 
orifice, and the breadthis measured from the centre ofastraight line, between 
the upper and lowerends of the conch, backwards to its free margin. 


174 MAMMALIA. 


The following are the skull measurements :— 


$ 9 
No. 5. | No. 4. 

Inferior margin of foramen magnum to tip ms pr ima ae 

between first incisors . | 140 1:26 
Greatest breadth acrossmolars  . . 0°51 0°47 
Breadth behind infraorbital foramen . ‘ . | 0°28 0°28 

;» anterior to expansion of brain case é . | 0°35 0°35 

» external to glenoid articulation é 0°51 0°55 

oe ae to tympanic 4 ; : ; . | 0°67 0°62 
Condyle of lower jaw to commencement of alveolar line . 0°77 0°77 


The skulls are from two specimens from Caleutta, the 
measurements of which are already given. The female skull is 
that of an old animal, as the teeth are considerably worn and the 
basi-occipital suture has wholly disappeared, while in the ' 
male skull there is still a trace of it, but in the male skull 
the teeth are also worn. The male is the larger, with much 
more posterior breadth and much more powerful first incisors 
than the female skull. Although sexual, the differences in 
dentition show themselves in the upper first incisors, and not 
in the canines, as in other mammals. “ 

There are 14 dorsal, and 19 caudal vertebra. 

At first I was disposed to recognise two large shrews as 
existing in Calcutta, one with larger feet than the other, but 
on a more extended enquiry I had to abandon any such 
opinion because of the constant recurrence of intermediate 
individuals, leading from one extreme into the other. The 
variability of the tail in this, as in other shrews, was @ priori 
to be looked for owing to the circumstance that the tails of 
the newly born of the same litter vary considerably, and are 
always very short. In two females of the same brood the 
tail in one measured 3°05, and in the other 3:44. In the 
same individuals the hind foot is also seen to be the subject 
of considerable variaton. 

There can be no doubt but that this species, as well as other 
species of shrews, breed before they are adult, long before the 
basi-occipital suture of the skull shows any sign of tending to 
become obliterated, and long before the cranial muscular 


CROCIDURA. 175 


ridges become defined. This being the case, it will probably 
be found that the young of these adolescent mothers are 
smaller than those produced by the larger fully mature 
females: 

The young of this large shrew are born with none of their 
teeth through the gums, but at the same time the teeth are 
well developed, the gum forming a sharp ridge over the 
incisors and intermediate teeth to the second premolar, the 
incisors rapidly piercing the gum, their tips showing before 
the eyes have opened, and the large cusp of the second pre- 
molar rapidly following them. 

Even before the eyes are opened, the young shrew is most 
active in its movements, rushing about ina wild way and 
snapping at everything that may touch it, its mobile snout 
being in constant motion. The head in the young state 
bears a very large proportion to the size of the trunk. 

The gland on the side is situated nearly half-way between 
the fore and hind limbs, in a line with the head of the 
humerus, or nearly so. Around the gland, the fur is rather 
sparse, but its position is indicated by the existence of narrow 
short hairs arranged in two lateral bands which arch inwards 
and meet over the middle of the gland, the two bands being 
continuous behind the gland, and their hairs at that point 
arching forwards. These glands are equally developed in 
the male and female. In the very young shrew the musky 
odour emitted by this gland is hardly perceptible, but it is 
overpowering ia theadult. It is, therefore, probably a means of 
bringing the sexes of this nocturnal animal together, as their 
sight cannot be very keen, whereas it is evident that their 
sense of smell is acute, or it may protect them against their 
enemies. 

There is a distinct sac beyond the true termination of the 
rectum, opening by a puckered orifice nearly 4 of an inch 
within the sac: on either side of the rectal orifice, but below 
it, there isa deep pit, doubtless the orifice of a compound 
anal gland, 

The Sorex caerulescens, Shaw (General Zoology, vol. 1, 
part. 2, 1800, p. 538), is founded on Pennant’s shrew, 
or shrews from Java and the East India Islands, and on the 
Musaraigne Musquée: de UiInde of Buffon, which Shaw 
states was brought from Bengal by Sonnerat, whereas M. 
Geoffroy St. Hilaire, who also apparently described this species 
as 8. indicus, informs us (Ann. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat,, t. 17, 
1811, p. 183) that his type had been originally described by 
Buffon as the Musaraigne de ?’ Inde (Hist. Nat. Suppl., t. vii, 


176 MAMMALIA. 


p. 281, pl. 71), and that it was founded on an individual 
brought from Pondicherry by Sonnerat. He also seemed 
disposed to regard 8. murinus, Liun. as alsoidentical with it. 

In the same volume of the Annales du Muséum in which 
Geoff, St. Hilaire described 8. izdicus, he also described 8. 
capensis, said to have been obtained at the Cape of Good Hope ; 
and in the Ist volume of the Mémoires du Muséum, 1815, plate 
xv, fig. 1, he gave a good representation of the former from a 


specimen obtained at ‘Tranquebar. In 1827, in the Mém. du ° - 


Mus. d’ Hist. Nat., vol. xv, Is, Geoff. St, Hilaire disputed the - 
correctness of his father’s views regarding the specific dis- 
tinctness of §. indicus and S. capensis, and held them to be 
one and the same species, and he renamed it S. sonneratii. He 
doubted that the type of S, capensis had come from the Cape 
of Good Hope, as he considered it unlikely that such a mam- 
mal would have been overlooked by Kolbe, Sparrman, Levail- 
lant and Daniel, and that the expedition under Baudin, Quoy 
and Gaimard, Lesson and Garnot and Delalande, could 
have failed to discover it, if it existed. 

Duvernoy regarded 8. capensis as the same as 8. serpentarius, 
Is. Geoff., and he pointed out that the type of S. capensis was 
an individual from the Isle of France, where it had been ob- 
tained in 1804 by Peron and Lesueur. 

Desmarest followed Geoff. St. Hilaire in separating 
8. indicus from 8. capensis. 

In 1827 Is. Geoff. St. Hilaire described a shrew which he said 
was found on the Continent.of India, and prebably also on 
the islands of the Archipelago, and which he identified with 
Mummy shrews from the Catacombs of Thebes and Mem- 
phis. Of this shrew he says two good figures had been. 
published, being one by his father (Mém. du Mus., vol. i, 
plate xv, fig.1) under the name of Musaraigne, 8. indicus, 
and the other by F. Cuvier in the Histoire Nat. des Mammif., 
under the name of Monjourou, 8. indieus, Geoff. St. Hilaire, 
however, states that this figure of S. indicus was, as I have 
already stated, taken from a Tranquebar individual. F. 
Cuvier’s figure is apparently from a Pondichery animal 
obtained by Leschenault and is anan example of the dark 
variety. This shrew Is. Geoff. named Sorex giganteus. 
Writing again, 1834 (Zool. Voy. de Belanger, p. 117), he 
gave a good description of the species founded on an indivi- 
dual from Bengal. 

As there is no example of the large shrew of Egypt in 
this museum, I cannot say anything regarding its specific 
identity or distinctness from the giaut shrew of India. 


CROCIDURA. 177 


With regard to the food of this animal and of its allies 
generally, it is noteworthy that Is. Geoff. St. Hilaire states 
on the authority of Bélanger, that the large shrew at Pon- 
dichery “ ferait de grands dégats dans les magasins de riz.” 
Being aware that the natives of Bengal generally assert 
that the musk shrew is a great eater of rice and of pulse, 
I procured a few alive to watch their habits. I found them, 
as was to be expected, thoroughly nocturnal, spending. the 
day in sound slumbers when undisturbed, but waking up 
at nightfall, when they became very restless. I placed 
rice beside them, but it was always left untouched, whereas 
cockroaches were eaten with avidity. I have examined the 
contents of the stomachs of a large number of specimens, 
and have found traces of hair, ants, larve of flies, and flies 
themselves and bits of flesh, and a tapeworm. I am there- 
\ fore disposed to believe that Bélanger was entirely wrong in 
ascribing to these animals depredations wholly attributable 
to rodents. 


2294 § 6. Two stuffed adults, Nos. 244A & B of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Calcutta. 

ce. The skeleton of an adult female, No, 244C of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Calcutta. 

d. The skull of a male, No, 244D of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Calcutta. 

e & f. Two adult males in alcohol and the skull of e. 
Royal Botanical Gardens, Howrah. Presented by Dr. J. 
Anderson, 1867. 

g. An adolescent male in alcohol and its skull. Ceylon. 
Presented by H. Nevill, Esq., 26th February 1871. 

htoj. Three newly born females in alcohol. Calcutta. 
Purchased, 14th August 1871. 

k & l. Two adult males in alcohol. Purneah. Museum 
Collector, March 1872. 

m to p. An adult male and female, and one adolescent female, - 
and another gravid, in alcohol, and the skulls of x & p. 
Fathigurh.. Presented by Andrew Anderson, Esq,, 22nd 
April 1872. 

§ r. An adult male and an adult female in alcohol and 
the skull of g. Calcutta, Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 
22nd July 1872. 

gs. Anadult male in aleohol and its skull imperfect. Purneah. 
Presented by G. W. Shillingford, Esq., 28rd August 1872. 

¢. An adult male in alcohol and its skull. Colombo, Cey- 
lon. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, October 1872. The 


M 


178 MAMMALIA. 


skull of this specimen has only 28 teeth, the small intermedi- - 
ate tooth having disappeared. 

w. An adult female in alcohol and its skull. Calcutta. 
Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. 

v & w. Two adult males in alcohol and the skull of w. 
Calcutta. Presented by Mr. R. DeCruz, 6th February 1875, 

2 § y. An adolescent and a young male in alcohol, and 
the skull of 2 Museum Offices, Kyd Street, Calcutta, 19th 
April 1878. 

zg. The skin of an adult female, and its skull and bones of 
the trunk, Circular Road, Calcutta, Purchased, 8th May 1876. 

aa, An adult male in alcohol and its skull. Madras. By 
exchange with the Central Museum, Madras, 13th Decem- 
ber 1876. | 

66. The skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. Purchased, 
drd May 1877. 

ce. The skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. Purchased, 
5th May 1877. 

dd. The skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. Purchased, 
6th May 1877. 

ee & ff. Au adult and gravid female and an adult female 
in alcohol. Calcutta. Purchased, 10th May 1877. 

99 & hh. Two skins of adult males, their skulls and bones 
of the trunks. Calcutta. Purchased, ]6th May 1877. 

zz.. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male. 
Calcutta. Purchased, 22nd May 1877. 

jj. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult fe- 
male. Calcutta. Purchased, 25th May 1877. 

kk. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of.an adult fe- 
male, Calcutta, Purchased, 30th May 1877. 

ii. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult fe- 
male. Calcutta. Purchased, 3lst May 1877. 

mm. The skin and-skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta, 
5th June 1877. 

nn § 00. An adult and adolescent male in alcohol, Cal- 
eutta. Purchased, 19th February 1877. 

pp. The skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. 7th May 
1877. 

qq & vr. Two young animals in alcohol, eyes still closed. 
Museum Offices, Kyd Street, Calcutta. 17th July 1877. 


Vaz, fulvocinerea. 


ss. An adult male and female in alcohol and their skulls. 
Gauhati, Assam. Museum Collector, October 1872, 


CROCIDURA. 179 


The skin of an adult and its skull. Gauhati. Mu- 
seum Collector, October 1872. 

wu. An adult female in alcohol, No. 247C of Blyth’s Cata- 

logue, Arakan. Presented by Sir Arthur P, Phayre, 1845. 


VaR. sindensis, 


vv, An adult female in alcohol anditsskull. Kardchf. By 
exchange with the Kardchi Museum, 2nd April 1877. Type 
of C. sindensis. 

ww & xe. Two females in alcohol. Karéchi. By ex- 
change with the Karachi Museum, 19th March 1877. 

yy to 666. An adolescent and a young male and_ two 
females in alcohol. Karachi. By exchange with the Kardé- 
chi Museum, 29th April 1879. 

ece § ddd, An adult male and another inalcohol. Karachi. 
By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 4th June 1878, 

eee & ggg. Three specimens in alcohol. Karachi. By ex- 
change with the Karachi Museum, 12th December 1879. 


230, Crocidura beddomii, ~. sp, 
Hab. Southern India (Kollegal, Coimbatore). 


Snout moderately long, rather abruptly and sharply point- 
ed. The snout, feet and tail very pale flesh-coloured. Gene- 
ral colour of fur dark grey, rather richly marked with rufous 
in some. The tail is about half the length of the body, and 
the hind feet are small. The tail is nearly nude and sparsely 
covered with short white hairs, with a few long white hairs 
intermixed. 

The adult male and female have the following measure- 
ments :-— 


$ g 
Snout to vent . % . a . . . 430 4:10 
Tail, vent to tip . . : i . 7 - 230 2:50 
Hind foot . ‘i . - ‘ .« 072 068 


This species is closely allied to C. cerulescens, but it is very 
much smaller with a proportionally less elongated snout. It 
is separated from C. murina also by its shorter snout, the colour 
of its nude parts, its sparsely clad tail and by the colour of 
its fur. 

ato d. An adult and two adolescent males and one adult 
female in alcohol, and the skull of a Kollegal hills, Coimba- 
tore District. Presented by Colonel Beddome, 25th Novem- 
ber 1878. 

e. An adult female in alcohol. Russellkonda. Ganjam 
District, Presented by Colonel Beddome, 25th March 1879, 


180 - MAMMALIA. 


231. Crocidura murina. 


Sorex murinus, Linn., Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1766, p. 74; Blyth, Cat. 
Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., p. 83. 

Sorex myosurus, Pallas, Act. Acad. Petrop. vol. x, 1785, p. 327, 
pl.iv; Wagner, Schreber Séiugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 552, partim.« 

Sorex cerulescens var. Raffles, Linn. Trans. vol. xiii, 1822, p. 225. ; 

Sorex serpentarius, Is. Geoff. St. Hil., Voyage de Bélanger, 1834, p. 
119: Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., 1860, p. 83. 

Sorex soccatus, Hodgson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xv, 1845, p. 135; 
Blyth, op. cit., p. 84. 

Sorex niger, Elliot, Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. FE. Ind. Co's. Mus. 1851, 
p- 135; Blyth, op. cit., p. 84. : 
Sorex kandianus, et ferrugineus, Kelaart, Prod. Faune Zeylanice, 

1852, pp. 30, 31. : 
Sorex heterodon, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 80; 
viridescens. 
Sorex viridescens, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc., Beng., vol. xxviii, 1859, p. 285, 
Sorex albinus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxix, 1860, p. 90. 
Sorex griffithii, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., 1863, p.-83. 
Crocidura (P.) ceylanica, Peters, M. B. Akad. Berl., 29th July, 1870, 
5 


p. 591. 
eae (P.) blanfordi, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xlvi, pt. ii, 
1877, p. 269. 
Crocidura (P.) blythiiet pealana Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xlvi, 
pt. ii, 1877, pp. 264, 267 et 276. 
Hab. Eastern and Southern India; Himalayas (Nepal, 
Sikkim) ; Assam, Khasi Hills; Arakan, Burma; Tenasserim, 
Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, China (Amoy). 


Snout moderately long and pointed, not much swollen 
across the incisors. Lower lip sharp and pointed. Feet well 
developed, the hind feet being rather large. Fore-limb 
clothed to the wrist; tibial portion of hind limb in its 
lower half moderately clad with short brown hairs. Snout, ears, 
feet, and tail brown; claws moderate and yellow; tail some- 
what swollen at the base, round, rather thickly clad with short 
dark brown hairs, and with long white and brownish hairs 
interspersed. Tail about the length of the trunk without the 
head, but varying much in its dimensions. General colour 
above brown, generally more or less washed with rusty or 
reddish, and sometimes with a faintly grizzled sheen in cer- 
tain lights. Under surface dark mousey brown. Fur soft 
and silky, generally rather short, but longer in individuals 
from high localities. ° 


& Tip of snout to vent 470 hind foot without claws 0:95 tail 3:00 
2 2 ” 415 ” ” 2 »” 0°80 ” 2°70 


In this as in the former species and those which follow, the 


CROCIDURA. 181 


male is considerably larger than the female, and, moreover, 
the individual differences in size in the sexes are considerable. 

The first incisors above are rather long and the curve out- 
wards from the base anteriorly is not so abrupt as in the 
previous species, but it is not a character calling for special 
remark, as the degree to which it occurs is variable.. 

The antero-posterior breadth of the posterior portion of 
the first incisor equals the same breadth across the base of the 
anterior portion of the tooth where it joins its posterior por- 
tion. The cusp of the posterior portion is not prominent, 
and there is only a very obscure process of the cingulum at its 
inner side. The second incisor is large and its breadth above 
equals the united breadth of the 3 incisors and eye tooth, and 
its point is above the level of the middle‘cusp of the false molar. 
The second premolar is smaller than the canine and lying 
immediately behind it, and in contact with it is the first 
premolar which is wholly visible from the outside of the jaw 
or nearly so. The cusp on the anterior border of the Ist 
premolar is well developed and in nearly the same line as 
the points of the 3 incisors, and above the point of the canines, 
which is at a lower level. 


Skull measurements. Male fully adult, and female nearly so. 


No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.6 No.6 No.7 


& Length of skull . 130 049 O31 032 051 O59 O74 
g » ” - 105 0438 025 030 048 O56 0°63 


Tomes describes the type of S. griffithii_as characterised 
by the large size of its teeth, which exceeded, he states, those 
of any example of S. carulescens he had ever seen. Such a 
description, however, is in no way applicable to the types of 
S. griffithit as understood by Blyth, and it is therefore per- 
fectly evident, apart from external characters, that they are 
not the 8. griffithit of Horsfield. Tomes, however, did not 
concur with Horsfield in considering the fur as either short, 
close, or soft, but describes it as of medium length, deep 
blackish grey, glossy and rather coarse. The specimens from 
Arakan described by Blyth as 8. muriuus (Ann. and Mag. 
Nat. Hist, Vol. XVII, 1851, p. 15) were afterwards the 
types of Blyth’s 8. griffithii, but these specimens were 
_ regarded by 'omes as S. cerulescens, and one of them appears 
to be that species. ; 

Blyth was under the impression that the type of 8, grif- 
fithii was from the Khasi Hills, although described from 
Afgh4nistén, because he saw a fine skin of a shrew be 


182 MAMMALIA, 


believed to be 8. griffithii from Chardptnji in the possession of 

Griffith. This specimen had been forwarded to the India. 
House by Dr. M’Clelland, and Blyth seems to have concluded: 
that it was the type of S. griffithii, Horsfield; but the 

evidence is unsatisfactory, and, moreover, Blyth’s speci-.. 
mens, as already observed, do not agree with the description of 

8. griffithia. 

In the type of C. heterodon, beyond the inward folding of 
the hair on the sides of the heel, as occurs in shrews generally, 
I cannot detect the hairy patch mentioned by Blyth. The 
feet have had the tarsal bones removed, atid the heel thus 
appears to begin at a bared portion of the leg, and in this 
way I think Blyth had been misled. 

The type of 8. viridescens, Blyth, was “a flat skin, tailless, 
and with only one hind foot attached.” 


23la. A stuffed adult male and its skull, No. 247A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Chérdpinji. Presented by F. Skipwith, 
Esq., 1846. 

é. An adult female in alcohol and its skull; No. 247B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Chérapinji. Presented by F, Skipwith, 
Esq., 1846. 

cto f. An adolescent male and three adult females in alco- 
hol, and the skull of d. Sibsdégar, Nég4 Hills, Assam. Pre- 
sented by 8. E. Peal, Esq., February 1871. 

g. The skin and skull of an adult female. Sibsdégar, As- 
sam. Presented by 8. E. Peal, Esq., February 1871. 

h. Stuffed specimen, No. 248C of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Mergui. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1858. 

i. A stuffed specimen, No. 250A of Blyth’s Catalogue 
Chérapinji. “Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1855. 
Type of 8. heterodon, Blyth. 

jg. A young female in alcohol and its skull; and No, 248E 
of Blyth’s Catalogue; its skull much blackened. Mergui. 
Presented by Major Berdmore, 1853. 

k/. An adolescent female in alcohol and its skull. Chara- 
punji. Presented by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 12th July 1871. 

Z. The skin of an adult male and its skull. Samaguting, 
Assam, Presented by Captain J. Butler, 1373. 

m to o. One adult male, and one adult and one adolescent 
female-in alcohol, and the skulls of m and o. Samaguting, 
Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, 1873. 

p. A young male shrew in alcohol, and its skull, apparently 
this species. Sibsdgar, Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 
July 1871, 


CTROCIDURA, 183 


qg. A stuffed adolescent, No, 244E of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Tenasserim, Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1855. 

r, A stuffed adult and portion of its skull, No. 246A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta, 1859, 

s. Theskin of afemale. Head of Barak river, Na4ga Hills, 
Assam. Presented by Lt..Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 26th 
August 1873, 

t, A stuffed adult male and its skull, No. 246D of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Amoy. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1854. 

w. The skin in alcohol and its skull, No. 246E of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Amoy. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1859. 

v. A stuffed specimen and portion of its skull, No. 245A of 
Blyth’s Catalogue; in bad condition. Amoy. Presented 
by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1859. The type of Sorex albinus, 
Blyth, 

w & x. Two adult females in alcohol and their skulls. 
Sibsagar, Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 20th 
December 1875, Types of C. pealana. 

y. A stuffed specimen. ‘Tinnevelly. Presented by the 
Rev. H. Baker, 1859. This is the pale specimen mentioned 
by Blyth. , 

z. & aa, An adult male and female in alcohol and their 
skulls. Travancore. Presented by the Rev. Mr. Baker, 1870. 

64. Skin from Madras. Presented to the Museum of 
the East India Company by Colonel Sykes, and presented to 
the Indian Museum by the India Museum, London, through 
the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th Apvil. 1880. This 
is one of the types, if not the type, of S. niger, Sykes, and 
is probably the specimen mentioned in the Catalogue of 
the East India Company’s Museum (Horsfield), p. 135, 
No. 147. 

ec & dd. Two stuffed adult males (?) and their skulls, 
Nos. 246 G and H of Blyth’s Catalogue. Malabar. Presented 
by the Rev. H. Baker, June 1859. Type of 8. viridescens, Blyth. 

ee. A stuffed adolescent specimen, in very bad condition ; 
No. 251A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Rev. 
H. Baker, 1858. - 

Jf. A stuffed male and its skull; No. 248A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Kandy, Ceylon. Presented by Dr. Kelaart, 1852. 
Type of Sorex handianus, Kelaart. 

gg. A stuffed female and its skull. Khandala, 2,000 feet. 
Western Ghat. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. 
Type C. (P.) blanfordi, Anderson. 


1 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. XXVIII, p. 284. 


184 MAMMALIA. 


hh. A stuffed specimen and its skull, No. 249A of Blyth’s 
Catalogue, Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. S. Sherwill, 
1854. 

ii. A nearly adult female in alcohol and its skull. Darjeeling. 
Presented by W. S, Atkinson, Esq., May 1871. 

jj to mm. Two adolescent females. Sureil, British Sikkim. 
Presented by George King, Esq., M.B., 10th February 1879., 

nn to pp. Three adult males: no history; probably from 
British Sikkim. 

gq to vv. Two adolescent, and three adult males, and one 
adult female in alcohol. Sureil, British Sikkim. Presented 
by J. L. Lister, Esq., 10th February 1879. 

ww to yy. An adolescent, a young and younger female in 
alcohol. Darjeeling. By exchange with W. T. Blandford, 
Esq., 27th November 1877. 


232, Crocidura swinhooi. 


Sorex swinhoei, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxviii, 1859, p. 285. 
Sorex murinus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxix, 1860, p. 89, par- 
tim ; ibid., Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., 1863, p. 83, partum. 


Hab. China (Amoy). 


Snout long and pointed. Ears rather large. Feet propor- 
tioned to body; claws rather strong and blunt. Lower half 
of limbs with short hair; upper surface of feet not seminude, 
but elad with short brownish-yellow hairs. Tail about the 
length of the trunk; long, and ringed, covered with short 
yellowish-brown hair, with long white and brownish hairs 
intermixed. Fur short, silky dark brown, with a glossy 
lustre; the under surface mousey brown. _ 

Length of stuffed specimen 3”:60 ; fore-foot 0”'43 ; hind foot 
0°72; tail 2”°40. 

Unfortunately the dental portion and the lower jaw are the 
only parts of the skull that have been preserved. The upper 
front incisors are short, convergent to their tips, but widely 
apart throughout. There is a well-developed tubercle 
on the inside of the basal eminence. The small front 
premolar is placed entirely within the line of the other 
teeth on the palatal surface. The tooth on either sidé 
oceupies exactly the same position as its fellow, and this cir- 
cumstance leads me to regard the arrangement as normal, 
Even supposing it were not, the general characters of the Shrew 
themselves separate it from C. murina, with which Blyth 
regarded it as identical. The second incisoris large and more 


CROCIDURA. 185 


than exceeds the size of the united third incisor and canine. 
These two last mentioned teeth are rather small, and the 
canine slightly exceeds the size of the incisor. The tip of 
the chief cusp of the false molar is below the level of the 
point of the second incisor. 


232a. A stuffed adult,-No. 246C of Blyth’s Catalogue and 
its skull. Amoy. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1854. 
Type of 8. swinhkoer, Blyth. 


233. Crocidura bidiana. 


Crocidura (P.) stoliczkana et bidiana, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 
vol. xlvi, pt. ii, 1877, pp. 270, 276. 


Ilab. Southern and Western India (Madras and Bombay). 


Snout Jong and pointed. Ears moderately large and 
round, and rather well haired. Feet large and seminude ; the 
lower halves of the radial and tibial portions are also semi- 
nude; claws with rather long sharp curved points. Tail not 
much swollen at the base, equalling the length of the trunk 
and one-half of the head, well covered with short brown hairs, 
with Iong whitish hairs intermixed, their bases being dark 
brown. Snout, ears, and feet pale reddish brown, tail darker. 
Fur long, fine, and dense, 0°35 in length, reddish brown above 
and below, the basal portion of‘the fur, as usual, being dark 
slaty. The under surface has also a greyish gloss, 


Length, tip of snout to vent Se ee we En BBO) 
6 of tail . ‘ . F . 5 » 260 
9 of hind foot ‘ F Z : . , » 0°80 
58 tip of snouttoeye .  . . . . . » 0°70 
a eye to ear o - : ‘ s . » 027 

Height of ear 4 ° ' ‘i 2 » 027 

Breadth of ear ‘ E . a A : . » 0°30 


The foregoing specimen is a male with nearly all the 
sutures of the skull obliterated. The upper incisors are not 
very prominent and but little curved, and there is a small 
but well-defined tubercle on the inner side of the posterior 
portion of these teeth forming a sharp conical cusp. The 
second incisor is large and nearly equals the length of the 
chief cusp of the first molar. The third incisor and canine 
are almost of equal size, but the latter, as is generally the 
case, is slightly larger than the former. The premolar is 
small and wedged in between the canine and the first molar, 
is sharply conical, and nearly wholly visible externally. The 
anterior cusp on the first molar is small and rather blunt, and 


186 MAMMALIA. 


considerably above the level of the point of the canine. 
There is a minute eminence on the outside of the lower in- 
cisor near its tip. The total length of the upper line of teeth 
is 07°45. 

The skull unfortunately met with an accident before it was 
measured. The smallerand more rounded ears, its larger size, 
and the presence of a lateral gland separate it from 
C. rubicunda, 


233a. An adult male in aleohol, and its skull, imperfect. 
Madras. By exchange with the Central Museum, 13th 
December 1876. Type of C. bidiana. 

6. An adolescent male in alcohol and its skull. Bombay. 
Presented by Dr. F, Stoliczka, 12th April 1872. TZype of 
C. stoliczkana, 


234. Crocidura macrotis. 


Sorex peyrottetii, Blyth, (partim) Journ. As. Soc., vol. xvi (1847), 
. 1275. 

Bote melanodon,' Blyth Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 33. 

Sorex nudipes, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 34. 

Pachyura nudipes, Blyth, Fizinger, Sitzungsber, Ak. Wiss. Wien. 1868, 
p. 172 ; Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 231. 

Pachyura assamensis, Anderson, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1873, p. 232. 

Crocidura (P.) macrotis, et nitidofulva, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 
vol. xlvi, pt. ii, 1877, pp. 271 & 272. 


Hab. Lower Bengal (Calcutta), Assam (Godlpdra), Tenas- 
serim (Amherst), ; 


Snout seminude, long, and somewhat swollen across the 
incisors, with the nasal portion attenuated. Ears moderately 
large and rather patulous, their antero-posterior breadth 
equalling two-thirds of the distance from their lower angles to 
the tip of the snout; sparsely covered with short brown hairs 
on their outer, and partially so, on their inner surface. Limbs 
rather feeble, shortly haired from the elbow and knee down- 
wards. Feet only sparsely covered with short brown hairs 
which are paler on the toes; toes rather short; claws well 
developed. Tail equalling or not quite equalling the length 
of the trunk, rounded, tapering and ringed, nearly nude 
in appearance, owing to the shortness of the brown hairs 
which sparsely clothe it; moderately long white hairs in- 
terspersed us usual. Fur very short, shining brown or 
dark-brown above, which is also the colour of the upper sur- 


_ ! Wagler in 1833 (Isis, p. 54) named a red-toothed shrew S. melanodon 
= 8, vulgaris. 


CROCIDURA. 187 


faces of the snout and tail; lower half of ears, chin, and feet, 
yellowish brown. 


Adolescent 6 Adult 9 

Length, tip of snout to vent + in. 167 in. 1-75 
» of tail z ‘ & yy DOS » 127 

»  hindfoot . . + 5, 0°32 » 0°34 

»  tipofsnouttoeye . « ay ODF » 0°30 

» eye to ear é . + s9 O17 » O14 
‘Height of ear . A » » O19 » 0:20 
Breadth of ear ‘i . ‘ + 9 O15 x» O24 


The first upper incisors are rather widely apart, directed 
forwards and downwards. A well-developed tubercle on the 
inner side of the posterior portion, which is conically pointed, 
The second incisor is large, and more than equalling the longi- 
tudinal length of the third incisor and the canine; the third 
incisor is only a little smaller than the canine ; the premolar ig 
placed behind the canine, has a sharp point, and is visible ex- 
ternally, but its point is much above the level of the point of 
the anterior cusp of the first molar; the chief cusp of this last 
mentioned tooth is but little longer than the second incisor, 

Blyth, in describing this species, stated that it was “ remark- 
able for its naked feet and very large ears; also for the odori- 
ferous glands on the sides being strongly developed ; whereas 
we can detect them in no other of these minute species.” The 
feet, however, of the type specimens, named in Blyth’s own 
handwriting, appear to be quite as well haired, if not more so 
than in some other species, and, moreover, the elands on the 
sides are not peculiar to it as a small species. As the 
character assigned by Blyth, viz., naked feet, is mislead. 
ing, I have re-named this species after its distinguishing 
feature, namely, its large ears. 

It is closely allied to C. perrottetdi from the Nilgiris, but is 
distinguished from it by its larger ears and by the character of 
its teeth, the first incisor being well curved, with a prominent 
eminence at the base, and the first intermediate tooth being 
large and conical. 


284 ato e. Fouradult males and one adult female, and the 
skulls of a, dand e. Nos, 254A to E of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Amherst, Tenasserim. Presented by E. P. Reilly, Esq., 1847. 
Types of 8. nudipes, Blyth. ; 

§ g. Two adult males in alcohol, and the skull of 
Nos. 255 A & B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Caleutta, 1855-57. 
Types of S. melanodon, Blyth, and of C. nitidofulva, Anderson. 

h, An adult male in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by 
Mr. C. Swaries, March 1873. 


188 MAMMALIA. 


2. An adult male in alcohol and its skull. Godlp4&ra, Assam 
Presented by H. L. Houghton, Esq., 2nd December 1866 
Type of P. assamensis, Anderson. 

j. An adult male in alcohol and its skull. Botanical 
Gardens, Howrah. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. 

k. A gravid female, with five foetuses in the womb, one 
opposite to the os, in alcohol, and its skull. Jessore. Pre- 
sented by James Wood-Mason, Esq., October 1873. 


235. Crocidura perrottetii. 


Sorex een Duvernoy, Mag. de Zool. Pl. 38 & 54, 1842, p. 89, 
Pl. 47. ; 

Crocidura (P.) nilgirica, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xlvi, pt. 2, 
1877, p. 274. 


Hab. Nilgiris (Utakamund). 


Form small, slender. Head long, somewhat flattened ; 
snout rather broad, but long and rather abruptly rounded 
towards the nostrils. Snout densely haired, and moustachial 
bristles rather numerous. Ears of moderate size and not 
hidden, rounded, and sparsely clad with short hairs. Limbs 
clad to the wrist and ankle, and the upper surface of the feet 
sparsely clad. Claws well developed and sharp; pads of feet 
rather prominent. Tail equals about the length from the 
vent to the front of the shoulder; not swollen at the base, 
rather slender ; finely ringed, about 12 to 13 rings to the one- 
tenth of an inch; numerous short strong hairs between the 
rings, with scattered, long black hairs. Fur short, dense, and 
velvety ; genéral colour, snout, ears, tail and upper surface of 
limbs, deep fuliginous, velvety black or dark brown, paler 
below with asilvery lustre. Claws yellowish. 


Adult male. 
Length from tip of snout to vent . - . in, 1°78 
. oftal 6 oe em we gy TD 
» of hind foot . ‘ : : ‘ + 9, 035 
Height of ear. ‘ . : . . © 4, 015 


Breadth of ear . F F » O15 


The skull proves this specimen to be fully adult, as the 
sutures on the base of the cranium are obliterated. A small 
portion of the occipital has been broken off, but sufficient 
remains on one side to indicate that the foramen magnum 
has been very large; measured from the inferior border of the 
foramen magnum to the end of the palate anteriorly, the total 
length of the adult skull is only 0°45. The condyles are 


CROCIDURA. 189 


large, and there is a considerable concavity or depression 
immediately over the temporal fossa. The most marked 
feature of the skull is the character of the teeth, more espe- 
cially of the first upper incisor, which is short and but little, 
if at all, hooked, and destitute of the marked eminence at its 
base posteriorly, which is so distinctive of the generality of 
shrews. There is a slight indication of the position of the 
eminence on the outer side of the tooth, but no more, and 
the tip of the first intermediate tooth is but little below the 
basal portion of the first incisor, and the immediately. 
succeeding teeth gradually diminish in size to the fourth 
intermediate tooth, which is well developed, and in the line 
of the teeth before it, and almost wholly visible externally. 
The anterior portions of the crowns of these three teeth are 
rather sharply pointed. The apex of the crown of the first 
molar is on a level with the base of the first incisor. The 
last tooth has two distinct cusps. The condyle of the lower 
jaw is not divided by a notch. 

Inferior border of foramen magnum to tip of premaxille F in, 0°45 


Breadth across molars e * . . ; ‘ s : 017 
», at posterior border of infraorbital foramen 


- 3, 016 

» at middle of frontal contraction » O18 

» external glenoid fossz -», O21 

rh » to auditory canal - 026 
Length of upper row of teeth - >, O21 
»  Oflower ,, ,,  » ‘ +», O14 


285 a § 4. Two adult males in alcohol and the skull of a. 
Utakamund, Nilgiris, Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 
30th July 1877. 

e & d. Two adults in alcohol. Nilgiris. Presented by Lt.- 
Colonel Beddome, 28th July 1879. 


236. Crocidura (P). travancorensis. 


Crocidura (P.) travancorensis, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc., Beng., vol. xlvi, 
pt. 2, 1877, p: 275. 


Hab. Southern India (Travancore); 


Head more elongated before the ear than in P. macro- 
tis; ears moderately developed and sparsely clad; feet 
seminude, with short white hairs, hardly hiding the scaly 
skin. Claws well developed, sharp. ‘Tail equalling the 
length of the trunk without the head ; not swollen at the base, 
tetragonal, scaly, ringed, 43 rings to the quarter inch and not 
obscured by the hairs, which are extremely few and short, 
those at the tip being longest; long white hairs interspersed. 


190 MAMMALIA, 


Fur very short, dense, and soft; reddish brown above, the 
under surface greyish, with a warm tint, silvery in certain 
lights. Feet yellowish brown. Tail above concolorous wi 
the upper surface of the body. 


6 

Length from tip of snout to vent . : : r . in. 1:66 
- of tail . . . ‘i 5 . wx 29 
3 of hind foot . . » ‘4 ‘ 3 » O81 

33 from tip of snout to. eye . ‘ ‘ , ‘ » 0°30 

» eyets = ¥ : 7 . p % » O14 

Height of ear . m a é 3 é 3 a O19 
Breadth of ear. . » O21 


The skull has the el portion more elonraticd than in 
C. macrotis. 

The front upper incisor is short and directed downwards, 
and the posterior portion of the tooth has a small tubercle on 
its inner side, and is large and rather sharply pointed. The 
second is considerably larger than the third imcisor and the 
canine combined, and its apex reaches as far downwards as 
the anterior point of the first incisor. The third incisor and 
the canine are of equal breadth, the first of the two being the 
longer, The small premolar is largely visible externally, al- 
though it lies between the canine and first molar. There is a 
slight swelling on the outer border of the lower incisor near 
its free end. 


ro) 
Anterior.border of foramen magnum to a of bees in. 0-49 
Breadth across maxille . » O18 
3» behind infraorbital foramen. ‘ x P a gp O18 
> before brain case ‘ ¥ * is » «0 DIS 
» external to glenoid fossee : = z 3 +» 3 020 
to tympanic », 0°26 
Length from condyle of lower jaw to anterior end of 
alveolar length from condyle of lower jaw to anterior 
end of alveolar line 3 i : . i i « 9g O25 
Length of upper alveolar line ; ‘ % ‘ « O20 
35 2 lower, #9 . »» O12 


236a. An adult male in alectul and ite skal, Traancore, 
Presented by the Rev. H. Baker, 1871. TZyze. 

6, An adult in alcohol. Kalaghat, western slopes of the 
Nilgiris. Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 6th April 1878. 

e, An adult in alcohol. Kollegél Hills, Presented by 
Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 25th November 1578, : 


(No lateral gland.) 


237. Crocidura rubicunda, 


Crocidura (P.) rubicunda, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi, pt. 2, 
1877, p. 277. 


CROCIDURA. 191 


Hab, We&tern Bengal (Paresnath). 


Snout long and pointed, not much ‘swollen across the 
moustachial region, well haired. Ears large, round, very 
sparsely haired; rather long white hairs on the flaps. Feet 
slender, covered with short, nearly white hairs, so as to ob- 
scure the skin and projecting over the yellow claws, which are 
rather large and curved at the points. Tail equalling the 
distance from the vent to the middle of the ear, measured 
along the side, slightly swollen at tlfe base, round, and rather 
thickly clad with longish pale yellow, almost white hairs, 
with long white hairs intermixed. Muzzle, ears, feet and 
tail, pale yellowish. Fur rather long and soft, and pale rusty 
fawn. Under parts grey, suffused with fawn. 


g 
Tength, tip of snout torent ‘i . . . : - in, 3°40 
» of tail ‘ F P * . + mo oe 
» of hind foot F 3 . . i % + 9, O64 
» tip of snout to ae 5 F . ; . + » 063 
2) 8S eye to ear a ‘ P : ‘ . - » 036 
Height of ear. , r x ¥ ¥ . ‘ « w O8S 
Breadth of ear r P P * F ‘ x + 5, 040 


The first upper incisors of this female are longer, stronger 
and more curved than in the adult male of C. écdiana, and 
there is no tubercle on the inside of the posterior portion of the 
tooth, which is not so sharply pointed as in that specjes. The 
second incisor is also a broader and more blunted tooth than 
in C. bidiana, and the third incisor is notably smaller than 
the canine. The premolar is largely visible externally. The 
lower incisors are notched in the middle, and their points are 
not so upwardly bent as in C, bidiana. 


g 
Anterior border of foramen magnum to tip of premaxille . in. 0:93 
Breadth across maxilla F f 5 i + 95, 0°23 
» behind infraorbital foranien a é ‘ « » 080 
55 before brain case F ; . ‘ + 5) O25" 
» external to glenoid fossxe . . . . + 4, 039 
»  totympanic . . ‘ . » 9, 042 
Length of upper alveolar line. »» 0°49 
» from condyle of lower ae to ‘anterior end of ‘alveolar 
line. 5 . . . . - 5 05: 


237a. An adult female in alcohol and its skull. Paresnath. 
Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1874. Ziype. 
~ § An adolescent female. Locality unknown. Bequeathed 
to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 6th 
March 1880. 


192 MAMMALIA. 


238. Crocidura subfulva. 
Crocidura murina, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xli, 1872, yy 
. 223. 


P 
Crocidura (P.) subfulva, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol, xlvi, pt. 2, 
1877, p. 278. 


Hab. Kach. 


Snout rather short and broad: ears moderately developed, 
rather flattened above and rounded posteriorly and sparsely 
clad with pale-coloured hairs. Feet moderately large, and. 
tolerably well clad, with pale-coloured hairs hanging over 
the claws, which are yellow and strong. The tail equals the 
length of the trunk and is not swollen at the base, but it is 
rather thick throughout and somewhat abruptly tapers to- 
wards the point, and it is somewhat tetragonal. It is rela- 
tively well clad with short pale hairs which hide the rings, 
‘and at the point the hairs form an imperfect pencil, long 
white hairs are intermixed. The snout, ears, feet and tail are 
pale yellowish-brown; the tail paler on its under surface. 
General colour of the upper surface pale fawn ; silvery grey 
on the under parts. 

Tip of snout to vent, 1” 90; tail, 1-730; hind foot, 0-742. 

Front upper incisors directed forwards and downwards, 
posteriorsportion moderately developed and sharply conical, a 
very feeble but distinct tubercle on the inside. Second incisor 
large, sharply pointed and nearly equalling in length the first 
tooth, twice as broad as the third incisor and canine. The 
premolar is very minute and wedged in between the canine 
and first molar, and is partially visible externally. 


Anterior margin of foramen a to i of aie in. 0°62 
Breadth across maxille . + 9 023 


behind infraorbital foramen . . 5 . + O12 

before brain case ‘ 2 . « ay 0°20 

s» external to glenoid fossee . > . . + 5, 026 

af to tympanic . . a i [ - », 0°30 

‘Length of upper alveolar line . » 0°32 
» from condyle of lower j jaw to ‘anterior end of alveolar 

line . fe ‘ » a 86 


These are rather young shrews, but From the condition of 
the skull of which I have given the measurements, it is ap- 
parent that the animal does not attain to a much larger size. 
It might be mistaken for the young of C. dédiana, or C, ru- 
bicunda, but the teeth being complete it is evident from the 
measurements of the upper dental line that its teeth are 
considerably. smaller than the teeth of either of these species. 


OROCIDURA. 198 


238.4 & 6. An adolescent, and a younger female in alcohol, 
and their skulls, Kach, Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 
12th April 1872, 


239. Crocidura montana. 
Sorex montanus, Kelaart, Prod. Fauna Zey. 1852, p. 31. 


Hab, Ceylon Highlands. 


Snout long and rather broad across the moustachial region. 
Ears round, full, and moderately large. Feet well developed, 
dull brown. Lower half of limbs short haired. Claws 
moderately strong and curved, yellowish. Feet sparsely clad 
with brown hairs, generally long and white at the base of 
the claws. Tail shorter than the trunk and rather thickly 
covered with short dark brown hairs, with long pale brown or 
greyish hairs intermixed.. Fur full, soft, and deep slaty, the 
grey colour being almost obscured by dull dark brown. 
Under parts with a silvery sheen. 


Male. 
in. in. in. 
Tip of snout to vent 3°70 Height ofear 0:30 Hind foot - O74 
> ta » eye 0°72 Breadthofear0:32 Tail . « 225 


Upper front incisors well developed and close together 
. anteriorly ; a very prominent tubercle on the inner side of the 
posterior portion forms a distinct cusp, the posterior por- 
tion itself being only feebly developed. The second in- 
cisor large and conical, nearly equalling in length the great 
cusp of the false molar, and exceeding the longitudinal breadth 
of the third incisor and canine, which are well developed, the 
latter being only a little larger than the former. The second 
premolar is wedged in between the canine and false molar, and 
is wholly hidden externally. The small anterior cusp of 
the false molar is near the base of the tooth and is feeble, 
and its tip is only a-short way below the level of the crown 
of the first premolar. 


Anterior border of foramen magnum to tipof premaxille . 1:02 


Breadth of maxilla F . : 0°40 
»» behind infraorbital foramen. - i . - 022 
- anterior to braincase =. + . . . - 028 
» external to glenoid articulation ‘ 5 é .« 040 
é 55 totympanic .  - . . “oe 0:50 
Length of lower jaw condyle to anterior end of alveolar line . 0°60 
xy» Upper alveolar line a on . . . - 050 
» ~~» lower i 55 7 sos » 033 


194 MAMMALIA. 


2394. An adult male in alcohol and its skull; in very 
bad condition. Ceylon. Presented by H. Nevill, Esq., 26th 
February 1874. 


240. Crocidura pygmeoides. 


(?) Sorex pygmaeus, Hodgson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1846, p. 269. 

Sorex perrottetii, Blyth (partim), Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, 
p-.1276; op. cit. vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 34. 

(P) Sorex hodgsoni, Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxiv (1855), p. 34. 

Sorex mieronyx, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 33, 
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xvii, 2nd ser. 1856, p. 20; Cat. 
Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 85 (partim). 

@) Sorex atratus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc., Beng., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 34. 

Pachyura micronyx, Blyth, Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. Akad, Wiss. Wien, 
1868, p. 171; Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 231. 

Crocidura (P.) pygmexoides, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi, 
pt. ii, p. 279. 


Hab. Himalaya. 


Snout rather long, narrow and pointed ; well clad. Ears 
well developed and prominent, sparsely clad with short hairs. 
Feet well developed, rather long and slender, the hind foot 
being especially larger than in C. macrotis, Andr.; toes 
moderately long: claws strong and curved. Lower portion 
of both anterior and posterior limbs clad with short brown 
hairs. Feet rather sparsely clad with short brown hairs. 
Tail rather long, somewhat tetragonal, and nearly equalling 
the length of the trunk and half of the head, ringed, 39 
rings to quarter of an inch, rather densely covered with short 
brown hairs, which nearly hide the rings; long white in- 
terspersed hairs, Fur rather short, soft, and silky. General 
colour-rich, deep rusty brown. Snout pale rufous brown, 
feet yellowish brown. Under parts brownish, with a marked 
silvery sheen. 


Female. in. 
Length, tip of snout to vent . . és . ‘ . - 185 
a of tail o a . . . . . 1:40 
55 of hind foot . 2 F z . - 7 . 037 
‘ tip of snout toeye . > ‘ « “ " . O31 
ay eyetoear . . p a ? é é . O15 
Height of ear . . . es as - . < - 020 
Breadth of ear : . , * . . e * - 0°23 


Anterior incisors well developed ; posterior portion with no 
internal process of the cingulum; conical point slightly 
directed backwards. Second incisor large, broader than the 
conjoint third incisor and canine, which have the usual re- 
lations ; premolar placed behind the canine, visible exter- 


CROCIDURA. 195 


nally. The anterior cusp of the first molar large, its point 
almost on the same level as the point of the canine; the 
point of the chief cuspof the first molar is nearly on the 
same level as the point of the first incisor, 


in 


Anterior border of foramen magnum to tip of premaxilla + 050 
Breadth across maxilla , . 7 a se .- 019 
5s behind infraerbital foramen , 3 P ‘ - O14 
53 before brain case. 3 s ay . . O15 
3 external to glenoid fosse 3 < ‘ . - 023 


aa » _ to tympanic . . . » 027 
Length of lower jaw, condyle to anterior end of alveolar line . 0°26 
»» of upper alveolar line . : 7 ‘ 7 ., O13 
x» of lower ~ 5 ; " mn # “ . O13 


Sorex hodgsoni, Blyth, was founded on a shrew so young 
that the skull is almost membranous and the teeth so little 
advanced that they had not pierced the gums, and it is im- 
possible, therefore, to determine the characters of the dentition. 

The shrew, named by Blyth S. micronyx, was a very young 
individual with the bones impartially ossified and the incisors 
only appearing through the gums, yet he derived the distin- 
guishing character of the supposed species from its still im-. 
perfectly matured claws, As the claws, however, in the adult 
are strong and well developed, the term micronya is a mis- 
nomer and cannot be accepted. 

Sorex atratus was founded on a headless specimen. 


240a. A young specimen in alcohol. Its skull, No. 257A 
and p. 85 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling, Presented by 
Major Sherwill, 1854. 

&. A young male in alcohol and its skull. No. 258B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 85. Masiari. Presented by L, C. Stewart, 
Esq., 1852. One of the Types of S. mzcronyzx, Blyth. 

e. An adult female in alcohol and a fragment of its 
skull. No. 258A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Almord. Pre- 
sented by Major R. Wroughton, 1846. The specimen is 
much shrivelled, &c., and in bad condition. The specimen 
is marked 258 of Blyth’s Catalogue. 

d. An adult female in alcohol and its skull. Darjeeling. 
Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 2nd September 1871. - 

e. An adult in alcohol. Mungpu, British Sikkim, Pre- 
sented by G, King, Esq., M.B., 1878. 

jf. A headless specimen in alcohol. No. 256, p. 88 of 
Blyth’s Catalcgue. Chérdpunji. Presented by R. A, G. 
Frith, Esq., 1851. This specimen is transfixed on the spine of 
a shrub, and it was found in this condition. Type S. atratus. 


196 MAMMALIA, 


Sus-Genus CROCIDURA, Wagler, 1823. 


(Lateral gland.) 
241. Crocidura rubricosa. 


Crocidura (C.) rubricosa et kingiana, Anderson, Journ. As. Svc. Beng, 
vol. xlvi, pt. ii, 1877, pp. 280 281. 


Hab. Northern Bengal (Purniah), and extending into the 
Himalaya (British Sikkim), Assam, Géro Hills and Khasi Hills. 


Snout pyramidal, moderately broad, well clad, nostrils 
rounded, divided, but not much prolonged. Ears of moderate 
size, and sparsely clad. Limbs in their lower halves sparsely 
elothed, also the feet, which are, however, covered with short 
brown hairs, long over the claws, which are well developed, 
but not much curved. Tail mouse-like, equalling the dis- 
tance from the vent to the angle of the mouth, somewhat 
tetragonal, not swollen at the base, ringed, vovered with 
short brown hairs, the long white hairs confined to the 
basal third. Colour dark or reddish brown above, more rufous, 
on the head and snout; feet, and under surface of tail paler 
yellowish brown ; under parts greyish brown, with a pre- 


vailing silvery sheen. 5 
Length, tip of snout to vent . re . : ‘ - in. 3:20 
»  oftair  . . E . F ; + » 242 
» of hind foot 4 . * ‘a i ‘ - » O60 
»  tipofsnout to eye . é ‘ ‘ ' + 55 O5L 
x» eye to ear » 5 e a é é - » O22 
Height of ear f ' a r ‘ 6 ‘ » x 9028 
Breadth of ear " y» 030 


The skull of this species is je dnuhderataly Hnnputed, with the 
upper front incisors close together anteriorly, but not touch- 
ing, and there is a well-defined tubercle on the inside of the 
posterior portion of each tooth, narrow, sharp, and conical. 
The second incisor is large and equals the latter. The 
interior cusp on the first molar is sharply defined, but 
wholly developed from the cingulum. There is a marked 
tubercle on the outer margin of the lower incisor anterior 


to the middle. & 
Anterior border of forameh magnum to premaxille . - in, 0°73 
Breadth across maxille . a pe 4 ‘ « 9» 027 
a behind infraorbital foramen . « . . - , O19 
i anterior to brain case . ¥ ‘ . + 9 O21 
a external to glenoid fosse . A ‘ . » 9 OBL 
5 55 totympanic . * r a : » » O87 
i of upper alveolar line . ¥ ‘ 2 . 9 036 


3 of lower sh ‘ é i a . » » O21 


CROCIDURA. 197 


241a@ to d. An adult male, two adolescent males, and one 
adolescent female, in alcohol, and their skulls. The female 
was impregnated, although the basi-occipital suture was 
“perfectly intact, and her teeth surfaces unground. Sibsdgar, 
Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1867. Type. 

e. An adult female and portion of its skull (lower jaw.) 
Purniah.. Presented by S. W. Shillingford, Esq., 28th 
August 1872. 

J. An adult female in alcohol, and its skull. Charépunjf. 
Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin Austen, 1870. 

g. A young male in alcohol and its skull. Gé&ro Hills. 
Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin Austen, 1870. 

4. A young female in alcohol and fragments of its 
skull. Nadzira, Assam. Presented by J. M. Foster, Esq,, 
1870. , 

«to &, Three adult males in alcohol and the skull of 2. 
Mungpu (British Sikhim). Presented by G. King, Esq., 
M.B., 6th March 1877. ‘Type 8. kingiana. The: lateral 
gland was so obscure in the type that I overlooked it, but 
other specimens have established its presence, and I have no 
hesitation in uniting this species with C. rubricosa. 

ftom. Two adult males and one adult female in alcohol. 
The female has three pairs of inguinal teats. Mungpu, British 
Sikkim. Presented by J. L. Lister, Esq., 10th February 
1879. 


242. Crocidura fuliginosa. 


Sorex fuliginosus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 362 ; 
Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. xvii, 1856, p. 22; Cat. Mamm. 
Mus. As. Soc. 1863, p. 84. 

Crocidura fuliginosa, Blyth, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 231. 


Hab. Tenasserim. 


Snout moderately long, not much pointed and not densely 
clad. Ears rather large, seminude. Lower portion of limbs 
only sparsely clad : feet nearly nude, large, and broad: claws 
short and deep. ‘Tailas long as the interval between the vent 
and eye, rounded, and rather thick at the base, finely ringed, 
sparsely covered with very short dark brown hairs. A few 
long white hairs from its root, towards its middle, Snout, 
ears, and tail pale yellowish-brown. Fur dense, moderately 
long, velvety, dark slaty at the base, the root fuliginous brown, 


198 MAMMALIA. 


with inconspicuous, dull, long tips: under part scarcely, if 
at all, paler, with silvery reflections. 


5, ju. 9, ad. 


Tip of snout to vent . . ‘ ‘ 246 2°90 
Hind foot. r . : 5 ‘ 050 0°60 
Tail : - 5 = . 195 2.30, 
Tip of snout to eye . : . - a 3°43 
Eyetoear . ° . . . 5 aan 025 
Height of ear. . . & ‘ aa 0-28 
Breadth of ear. F . . . Sea 0-30 


In the female skull, the base of the incisor is much 
directed forwards, and the tooth is then abruptly bent down- 
wards, the downwardly directed portion being rather ‘short. 
The posterior portion of the tooth is not strongly developed, 
and the point is slightly directed backwards: the cingulum 
forms a strong ridge along the inside, but no tubercle. The 
second incisor is large and conically pointed, its points being 
nearly on the same level-with the point of the chief cusp 
of the false molar. The third incisor and canine are more 
than the breadth of the second incisor. The small anterior 
cusp on the false incisor rises above the cingulum, but its point 
is above the level of the point of the canine. Two not very 
well marked depressions or notches occur on the lower 
incisors. 


$ g 

Anterior border of foramen magenee to tip of pre 
maxille . . : - - in. O80 O76 
Breadth across maxilla ° e e » » O31 030 
ay behind Jachrymal canal si 5 ‘ + » O20 020 
34 anterior to brain case # * + 9 O23 023 
93 external to glenoid articulation = « » 035 0:32 
ss to tympanic o » O42 0°41 

Length from condyle of lower jaw to anterior end 
of alveolar line. 3 ‘ - » O50 048 
55 of upper alveolar line . 3 r - + 040 0°38 
ss of lower $3 5 : é » 5 C23 025 


242a & 6. An adult female and an adolescent. male in 
alcohol, and the skull of a; Nos, 253 A & Bof Blyth’s Cata- 
logue, p. 84, Tenasserim Provinces. Presented by Major 
Berdmore, 1855. Types of C. fuliginosa, Blyth. 

e. A mounted specimen, No. 253C of Blyth’s Catalogue. 
Presented by Major Berdmore, 1855. 

d. A skull, No. 253D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by 
Major Berdmore, 1855. 


CROCIDURA. 199 


242. Crocidura retusa. 


Crocidura (Cr.) retusa, Peters, Monatsber, der R. Akad. der Wissen. 
1870, p. 585. 


Hab, Highlands of Ceylon (Paradinia). 


Snout rather long and pointed ; partially haired ; ears semi- 
nude, prominent. Limbs seminude in their lower halves; 
feet rather long and slender; claws well developed. Tail 
round, scaled, slender and tapering, almost equalling the 
length of the body and head, Fur moderately long, bright 
rusty red above, under parts pale silvery grey with a warm 
tint ; ears, feet, and under surface of tail pale reddish—yellow. 


é 
Tip of snout to vent =. 3 : ‘ . : - in, 210 
Hind foot ; e Fy ‘ ‘: . 3 - 9, O'50 
Vent totipoftal. . . . © » 195 
Snout to eye A . ‘ B - 9» 037 
Eye to ear % * é ~ 9 O16 
Height of ear ‘ ‘ » O21 
Breadth of ear » O24 


The skull is almost fully adult, as the basi-occipital suture 
is partially closed. Upper anterior incisors close together, 
a well-marked tubercle on the inner side of the posterior 
portion.’ The third incisor and the canine are of nearly | 
equal size. A very minute tubercle on the outer side of the 
first lower incisor about its middle. The lower incisors are 
rather short and more forwardly directed than is generally the 
case among shrews. 


Anterior border of foramen magnum to tip of premaxilla in. 0:60 


Breadth across maxille . ‘ . eae ye OBO 
oe behind lachrymal canal . S - x» O15 

és anterior to brain case . é + r » 4 0:20 

ie external to glenoid articulation . » 0:28 

5 35 to tympanic é A . A + 4, 0°30 
Length from condyle to anterior end of alveolar line . 4, O34 
of upper alveolar line}. z : ; «9» 030 

53 of lower ,, ae ‘i is ‘ B » » O17 


* 


The specimen agrees generally with the measurements 
given by Prof. Peters of his type, and apparently also with the 
characters assigned to the dentition of C. media. . 

243a. An adult female in alcohol and its skull. Paradinia, 
Ceylon. Presented by W. Thwaites, Esq., 14th May 1872. 


200 MAMMALIA. 


(Wo lateral gland.) 


244, Crocidura kelaarti. 


Sorex kelaarti, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxiv, 1855. 9. 32; 
Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., 1863, p. 84. 
Crocidura kelaarti, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 230. 


Hab, Ceylon (Galle). 


A young shrew with the very short fur of youth, Tail 
short; ears small, little raised above the furj; feet well. de- 
veloped with longish claws. Lower half of limbs and the feet 
seminude. General colours above and below rich rusty 
brown ; pale yellowish-brown on the feet. Snout well haired, 

‘The shrew is evidently extremely young, probably little 
more than neivly born, as the teeth have evidently only 
been piercing the gum. 


Length, tip of snout to vent =. ; ji .  « in, 2°70 

a tip of snout to eye P . : * » x, 0°40 
Hind foot ‘ ‘ é . * i « ae 280 
Eye to ear . F ‘ ‘ fi i 7 - » 020 
Vent to tip of tail =. . . 4 ‘ P ous 2S 
Height of ear . ‘ . ‘ " r ‘ o 9 O23 
Breadth of ear . : . . * A : » » O15 


All the sutures are intact, and the premaxillary suture is 
anterior to the third intermediate tooth. 

It may prove to be the young of some other species already 
known. It is curious to observe, as Blyth remarks, that the 
inguinal teats of this shrew, although the animal is so very 
young, are well developed. 

244a. A young female in alcohol and its skull, No. 252A 
of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 84. Galle, Ceylon. Presented by 
Dr. Kelaart, 1854. Type. 


245. Crocidura myoides. 


Sorex! (Crocidura) myoides, W. 7. Blanford, Sc. Results, 2nd Yér- 
kand Mission, 1879, p. 16, pl. 1 fig. 1; pl. la fig. 2. 


Hab. Ladak (Leh). 


245@. An adult female in alcohol and its skull. “Leh, La- 
dak. Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1873-74. Presented by the 2nd Yar- 
kand Mission. Type figured and described by W. T. Blanford, 


1 The teeth are white, and the front upper incisors have an obscure in- 


ternal process, Teeth: e+ 8 =e. 


SOREX, 201 


Esq., F.R.S., Scientific Results of 2nd Yarkand Mission, 
1879, p. 16, pls. 1 and 1a, figs. 1 and 2. 

6. A flat skin, Leh. Presented by W.H. Johnson, Esq., 
8lst July 1880. 


Sus-Famtty SORICINA, 
Genus SOREX, Linneus, 1735. 


246. Sorex alpinus. 


Sorex alpinus, Schinz, Frébel’s und Heer Mitthiel. Bd. I, Neue 
Denkschr. I, p. 18, fig. 1. 

Amphisorex alpinus, Duvernoy, Mém. de la Soc. d’ Hist. Nat. de Strasb. 
t. ii, 3 Suppl., 1838, p. 4; Mag. de Zool., 1842, p. 31, tab. 49. 

Sorex antinorii, Bonap. Icon, d. Faunae}Ital., fasc. xxix. 

Corsira alpinus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Beng. Mus., 1863, p. 86 
(partim) ; Jerdon, Mamm. of Ind. (partim), 1867, p. 61. 


Hab, Hurope (Alpine region). 


246a, A stuffed adult, No. 261A, p. 86 of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. Mt. St. Gothard. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1849. 


247. Sorex vulgaris. 


Sorex vulgaris, Linn., Mus. Adolph. Frid. p. 10, 1754; Blasius, Na- 
turg. Saugeth. Deuteshi., 1857, p. 129, fig. 86. 


Hab. Europe. 


247a. An adult female in alcohol, No. 262A, p. 86 of 
Blyth’s Catalogue. 

6. An adult male in alcohol, No. 262B, p. 86 of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. 8. leucodon, apud Melherbe. France. Presented 
by M. Melherbe, 1854. 

ec. A stuffed specimen, No. 262C, p. 86 of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. France. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1854, 

ad. A stuffed specimen, No. 262D, p. 86 of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue. England. Presented by Mr. Davison, 1846. 

e. Askin. No history. Labelled 8. tetragonurus, England. 

J. Dental portion of a skull, No. 262F of Blyth’s Cata- 
logue, p. 86. England. Presented by Mr. Davison, 1846, 


248. Sorex pygmeeus. ’ 
Sorex pygmezus, Pallas, Zoor. Ross. Asiat. t. i, p. 184, 
Hab. Northern Europe and Asia. 
248a, An adult in alcohol. No history, 


202 MAMMALIA. 


Genus SORICULUS, Blyth, 1855. 


A small shrew with red-tipped teeth, and the follow- 
ing dentition: *24+24+2+8=30. The first upper incisors 
with a prominent cusp at their posterior portion, and a 
small cusp or talon internally on the vertical portion. Lower 
incisors with a prominent cusp over their base. Snout mode- 
rately long, and tapering: nostrils not prominent. Ear almost 
completely hidden: antitragus acting as a valve. Feet mode- 
rately or well developed, scaly, partially haired. Tail mouse- 
like, scaly, ringed, tetragonal, no long hairs, pencillated at the 
tip. No lateral gland. Fur dense and velvety. Skull with 
a short orbito-temporal fossa, and with two articular surfaces 
for the lower jaw, upper zygomatic, and a lower post- 
glenoid. 

' The skull of this genus is very different in form from the 
skull of Crocidura. Jt is a much lighter skull and without 
ridges, and has more the form of the skull of TZadpa, but 
without the zygomatic arch and any trace of an orbital process. 
The temporal fossa is very short; and the preorbital foramen 
is spanned by a broad arch of bone. The occipital region is 
forwardly tilted, but not to the same extent as in Tulpa. 
There is a prominent angle immediately external to the 
tympanic, and from this angle a feeble ridge runs forwards 
to the beginning of the temporal fossa, and bears on its 
under surface anteriorly a facet, which looks forwards, outwards, 
and downwards, and which receives the upper division of the 
condyle of the mandible. The. foramen magnum is very broad 
from above: downwards. The post-glenoid process is very 
large, convex posteriorly and marked by a large foramen 
(ovale ?). Its anterior surface is deeply concave and looks 
‘forwards and somewhat outwards, and bears an articular sur- 
face for the reception of the lower division of the condyle 
of the mandible, and this surface is in no way continuous 
with the upper surface, but widely separated from it by a deep 
notch. ‘There is a minute foramen at the base of the post- 
glenoid process posteriorly. The posterior margin of the 
palate forms a thin fine convex ridge, a little behind the last 
molar. 

The notches separating the articular surface of the divided 
condyle are not so deep as in Chimarrogale. The process 
of the angle is thin and moderately long, and directed back- 
wards. 


SORICULUS. 203 


The first upper incisors are short and hooked, with a promi- 
nent cusp at their posterior portion, and a small cusp on_ the 
inner side of the vertical portion of the tooth, a little above 
the tip. Second, third, and fourth intermediate teeth conical, 
decreasing in size from before backwards. An extremely 
minute tooth, wedged in between the four intermediate teeth 
and the second premolar, and completely excluded from the 
general line of the teeth externally. Second premolar with 
one prominent external central cusp with a smaller cusp anterior 
to it, the former cusp being prolonged backwards as a ridge 
terminating as an obscure cusp. The basal portion of the 
second premolar internally has two pointed cusps, the anterior 
eusp the most downwardly prolonged, corresponding to the in- 
ternal cusps occurring on the first two molars: the crown of each 
molar has three small external and two internal cusps connected 
to the internal cusps by a zigzag line. The third molar has 
four cusps arranged quadrangularly around a central depres- 
sion with one external cusp. The first lower incisor has 
a marked cusp near its base. The third tooth has two cusps, 
and the molars are five-cusped, one anterior and two external 
and two internal, opposite to each other. 

_ The transverse process of the atlas is not outwardly pro- 
longed. The spinous process of the axis is large and halbert- 
shaped, but the remaining cervical vertebra show no distinct 
spinous processes. The neural arches -have considerable 
lateral breadth. There are well-developed hypapophyses on 
the 2nd and 8rd cervicals, and a trace of them on the 8rd and 
4th. The transverse processes of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th 
cervicals overlap. The dorsal vertebra are devoid of spinous 
processes, until about the 10th segment, when a trace begins to 
show itself and which becomes more strongly developed in 
the lumbar vertebra. In Croctdura the first dorsal vertebrae 
have short spinous processes, and all of them have their pro- 
cesses more or less developed, whereas in 2adpa they are, as in 
Soriculus, almost obsolete. Five vertebrz are united in the 
sacrum, which has a prominent keel-like crest, and, instead of a 
symphysis, the pubic bones are mnch more widely apart than 
‘in Crocidura. The caudal vertebree increase in length to the 
8th, and then diminish. ‘he vertebral formula is C. 7, D. 
18, L. 6, Sacral and P. Sacral 5, Caudal 17, 

The shoulder girdle is rather far forwards, as in Talpa, and 
from the neck being short, the head is brought near the shoul- 
der, but not to the marked degree as in the mole. The 
scapula is short and narrow as in ,Crocidura, but the humerus 
is relatively very much shorter and stouter than in that 


204 MAMMALIA, 


genus, and approaches in this respect to the humerus of Zudpa. - 
The external tuberosity is hook-lhke and large, and there is a 
prominent ridge from the head of the humerus dividing the 
front of the bene in two, and terminating on its external 
margin near the middle of the bone. Opposite to this poiat, on 
the inner border of the bone, is a large, somewhat anteriorly 
directed process, prolonged downwards from the inner 
tuberosity of the head of the bone. The lower end of the 
bone is very broad, and the inner condyle is widely pro- 
longed. The character of the humerus indicates a burrowing 
habit of life, which seems probable from the long and nearly 
straight claws, which have none of the hooked, grasping 
character of an arboreal mammal. Radius and ulna distinct. © 
The manubrium is T-shaped with a sharp ridge down its 
centre. There are five mesosternal pieces. As in Shrews gener- . 
ally, the clavicle does not articulate with the humerus. Tibia 
and fibula united. 

It is evident that its affinities are markedly soricine, but at 
the same time it shows a few in the direction of Talpa. 


Length of vertebral column, atlas to last sacral ‘ . in. 3°70 
» of caudal vertebra 3 ae oak a ‘ > sp 1357 
»  ofscapula . 3 i z ‘ . a - 45 043 
»» of humerus . ¥ x ’ . + 33 0°38 
» of ulna . . : . ‘ * ‘ + 95 O51 
»  ofmanus . . ‘ : : r if + 5, 0°40 
» Of os innominatum . # 3 ‘ . - 55 0°40 
»  offemur . . : f ‘ ‘ a «5, 045 
> Of tibia . 4 3 e i , + 5, 0°60 
» Of pes. . ‘i F 7 F fi % - 4, 0°60 


249. Soriculus nigrescens. 


Corsisa nigrescens, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. x, 1842, p. 
261; Hodgson, Cat. B. M., 1846, p. 17; ibid., 2nd ed., 1863, p. 9; 
Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co. Mus., 1851, p. 136. 

Sorex aterrimus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xii (1843), p. 928; 
ibid., vol, xxiii, 1854, p. 933, note. 2 Z 

Sorex nigrescens, Gray, Schreber. Saugeth., Suppl. Bd. v, 1855, p. 546, 

artim). 

Bian Pete Blyth, Journ. As. Soc., vol. xxiii, 1854, p. 733; 
ibid., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 836; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. 
xvii, p. 24; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Beng., 1863, p. 86; Jerdon, 
Mamm. of India, 1867, p. 59. ; : 

Sorex sikkimensis, Hodgson, Ann. §& Mag. Nat. Hist., new series, vol. 
iii, 1849, p. 203; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co. Mus., 1851. 
p. 1386; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xvi, 1855, p. 111; Gray, Cat, 
Mamm. of Nepaul ; Hodgson, B. M., 1863, p. 8. 

Crossopus nigrescens, (Gray) Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 232. 


Hab. Himalaya (Sikkim). 
Body rather abruptly terminated posteriorly ; snout short, 


SORICULUS. 205 


but sharply pointed, densely haired ; nostrils not deeply di- 
vided. Ear almost hidden, but rather large and generally 
bordered with a dense fringe of fur, like that clothing the 
body. Limbs short. Fore-limb with a very narrow bare 
area, above the wrist; lower half of tibial portion of hind 
leg seminude. Feet strong, especially the front pair, which 
are rather broad, with the toes inwardly bent, with long sharp 
claws : the 3rd and 4th slightly exceeding the length of their 
respective toes. Hind feet narrower than the front feet, and 
with shorter claws. ~ Upper surface of both feet scaly, sparsely 
clad with short brown hairs. Tail short, equalling the distance 
from the vent to the shoulder; somewhat tetragonal, scaly, 
ringed, covered with short brown hairs forming a short pencil 
at the tip; no long hairs. Fur moderately long, soft, and 
lustrous. Blackish brown, tinged with rufescent, becoming 
rich rufous brown in alcohol. Under surface almost con- 
colorous with the upper surface, but of a pale reddish-brown, 
with distinct greyish tinge. 


oa Q 

Tip of snout to vent . 7 . ‘ A é 3:20 2°20 

re Se eye ; < . is F _ 0°54 056 
Eyetoear . . - 7 . . . 7 0°45 0-45 
Length of ear . : 7 4 . . . 0:25 0°27 
Breadth of ear . . - . . "i . 0:30 0°30 
Vent to tip of tail . ee ee ee ee ee? a 
Hind foot . ‘ 0°55 0-53 


The incisors are moderately long and curved, the posterior 
portion well developed and sharply conical. The-second and 
third incisors, and the canine, have all the same form, but 
the third incisor is somewhat larger than the second, and the 
latter larger than the canine, the tips of the canine being on 
nearly the same level with the point of the posterior portion 
of the first incisor and with the anterior cusp of the first 
molar. The minute premolar isin the same line with the 
other teeth, but wholly excluded from being visible externally. 
There is occasionally no trace of pigment on the teeth of 
adults, as it is restricted to the tips of the teeth and dis- 
appears with their points, 


$ S 
Anterior border of foramen magnum to tip of pre- 
makxillaries . si zi ‘ < : : . in, 0-78 in. 0°79 
‘Breadth across maxille . _ , ‘ 2 + yy 027 » 0°30 
» posterior to, and above lachrymal canal » a OBS » O21 
» anterior to expansion of brain case é + yy O25 » 0°25 
» external to tympanic . ‘ . ‘ «95 O47 » 0°48 
Length of lower jaw condyle to anterior end of al- 
veolars P ‘ ‘ 4 js : + gy O45 » 044 
» of upper alveolar line. ‘ ‘ a +» 0°40 >, O4L 


3» o£lower ~ ,, we ‘ 3 . »  » O21 » 020 


206 MAMMALIA, 


249 atoc. Three stuffed specimens, Nos. 266 A to C, p. 87 
of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. 
8. Sherwill and W. Theobald, Hsq., 1854-55. 

d tof. Two adult females and one adolescent male in alco- 
hol and the skulls of d@ and e, Nos. 260 D to F of Blyth’s 
Catalogue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. S. Sher- 
will and W. Theobald, Esq., 1854-55. 

g & hk. Two adult females in alcohol and the skull of g. 
Darjeeling. Presented by W. 8S. Atkinson, Esq., November, 
1869. 

i. An adult female in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by 
W. T. Blanford, Esq., 2nd September, 1871. ; 

Jj § & An adult male and female in alcohol. Darjeeling. 
Presented by Dr. F. Stolickza, 1871. 

Z tom. An adult female, an adolescent male, and an adoles- 
cent female in alcohol. No history. 

o. Askeleton. No history. 


250. Soriculus caudatus. 


Sorex caudatus, Hodgson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., new Ser., vol. iii. 
1849, p. 203; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. FE. Ind. Co. Mus,, 1851, p, 
135 ; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xvi, 1855, p. 111; Schreber Sdu- 
geth. Suppl., Bd. v, 1855, p. 566. 

Corsira (?) caudata, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 

_ 87; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. xvii, 1856, p. 27. 

Corsira alpinus, Zomes, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. 17, 
1856, p. 27 (partim); Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. Beng, 
1865, p. 86 (partim). 

Corsira alpina, Jerdon, Mamm. Brit. Ind., 1867, p. 61 (partim). 

Crossopus caudatus, Hodgson, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 
232. 

Soriculus gracilicauda, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xlvi, 
1877, p. 282. 


Hab; Himalaya (Sikkim). 


Snout rather sharply pointed, but not very long: well 
haired. Ears moderately large, partially: hidden and well 
clad with long hairs on their outer surfaces, and along their 
margins, and tragus, amalgamating with the general fur, so 
that the ears are not prominent. Limbs slender, the lower 
half of the ante-brachium, and of the ante-femoral portion 
of the limb, nearly nude, Fore feet small. Hind feet rather 
long and slender, with a prominent white tubercle over the 
distal end of the 5th metatarsal. Feet scaly above, very 
‘sparsely covered with brown hairs, fewer on the toes: claws 
compressed, but little pointed. Tail long and slender, tetra- 
gonal, tapering to a fine, compressed, pencillated point, very 


SORICULUS. 207 


sli¢htly exceeding the length of the body and head. Tail rather 
coarsely scaly, ringed, 25 rings to quarter of an inch, sparsely 
covered with very short dark brown hairs, arising between the 
rings and with long brownish yellow hairs at the tip, forming 
a kind of pencil. No long white hairs. Fur long, dense, 
and soft; the under or hidden parts being deep slaty, the 
exposed portion being tipped with rufous or golden brown; 
under parts greyish brown. Feet pale brown. 


Tip of snout to vent . - . . " . - in 2°46 

“4 x»  toeye . é . ‘ ” » 9, O42 
Eye to ear a ‘ ‘ « i ‘1 «i - 5, 0°30 
Hind foot . - ‘ : ‘ - 5 : » gy O54 


Vent to top of tail ‘ é * ji + 55 257 

The posterior portion of front upper incisor conically pointed, 
reaching about half-way down the anterior portion: second 
incisor moderately large and acutely pointed: third incisor 
slightly larger than the canine, the tip of the latter being 
level with the point of the small anterior external cusp of 
the first molar. 

This shrew was referred to by Blyth as S. alpinus, Schinz, 
from which, however, it is at once distinguished by the 
character of its dentition, as it has only 380 teeth, whereas 
8, alpinus has 32. 

I have examined the type of this species in the India 
Museum. It came from Sikkim. 

In its rather broad ‘anterior extremities, it approaches C. 
nigrescens, and the character of its limbs suggests that it is 
partially of a burrowing habit. 

250. An adult male in alcohol and its skull, No. 261B of 
Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 86. Darjeeling. Presented by W. T. 
Blanford, Esq., 1858.. 

é. An adult male in alcohol, and the dental portion of its 
skull. Sikkim. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 2nd 
September, 1871, “Type of C. gracilicauda. 

e & d, Two adults, in alcohol. Mungpu, British Sikkim. 
Presented by J. L. Lister, Esq. 10th February 1879. 


Genus CROSSOPUS, Wagler, 1832. 


251. Crossopus fodiens. 


Crossopus fodiens, (Pallas) Blasius, Naturg. der Sdugeth. Deutschlands, 
1857, p. 120. 


‘Hab. Europe (Nerthern), and Asia (Siberia). 
25lq. An adult male in alcohol, No, 263A, p. 87 of Blyth’s 


208 MAMMALIA. 


Catalogue. Norway. Presented by the Christiana University, 
1846. 
6 & e. Two adults in alcohol. No history. 


Sus-Famity CROSSOPIN 2. 
Gznus CHIMARROGALE, Anderson, 1877. 


252. Chimarrogale himalaica. 


Crossopus himalayicus, Gray, Ann, Gg Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. x, Dec. 
1842, p. 261; List. Mamm. B. M., 1843, p. 80; Blyth, Journ. As 
Soc. vol. xxiv (1855), p. 37; Blyth & Tomes, Ann. & Mag. Nat. 
Hist., vol. xvii, 2nd ser., pp. 25 and 26; Jerdon, Mamm. Ind., 1855, 


p. 563. 
Sorex himalayicus, Wagner, Schreber. Sdugeth., Suppl., Bd. v, 1855," 


p. 563. 
Crocidura himalaica, Gray, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 231. 
Chimarrogale himalaica, Anderson, Anat. §& Zool. Resch. and Yunnan 
Expeditions, 1878, p. 139; pl. 5, figs. 17 to 30. 


Hab. Himalaya (Sikkim); Yunnan (Ponsee), 


Body elongated ; snout moderately long and pointed ; broader 
across the moustachial area in the male than -in the female. 
Fur soft, dense and velvety, The general colour of the upper 
parts is dark grey, richly washed with» a dark brown, almost 
black, fuliginous, or blackish brown, almost -obscuring the 
grey colour, and the fur generally -has a finely dotted 
appearance, due to the presence of longer scattered hairs with 
white tips. When the fur is pulled aside, it is seen to be uni- 
formly slaty, but all the hairs terminatein fine brown, or blackish 
longer brown tips, with the exception of scattered, stronger, and 
longer hairs, which have broad white tips. These hairs are 
especially numerous on the hind quarters, where they are much 
longer than on the other parts of the body, and they correspond 
to the white tipped hairs of Nectogale. Under surface greyish, 
with a silvery sheen, washed with earthy brown on the 
throat, and the middle of the belly. Whiskers blackish or 
even white. Hind feet large, but relatively smaller than in 
Nectogale : the fore limb is clothed to the wrist : the hind limb, 
in the lower half of the tibia, is scaly and partially clad with 
short hairs. The upper surfaces of the feet are naked, with 
the exception of the metacarpus and metatarsus, which are 
sparsely covered with short, flattened, stiff, adpressed hairs, 
almost white. The upper surfaces of the toes are scaly and 
bare, with the exception. of from one to six broad, stiff, 


CHIMARROGALE, 209 


rather long hairs, at the base of the claws, above. Toes 
ciliated along each of their sides, with a line of broad stiff hairs 
of ‘equal length, forming a dense short fringe. The line, 
along the outer margin of the internal and external toes, is 
continued along the sides of the feet as a strongly ciliated 
line, or fringe of white hairs: the claws are yellowish, mo- 
derately long, and curved. From the vent to the tip of the 
tail equals the distance from the vent to nearly the eye. 
Tail long, quadrangular in transverse section: under surface 
and sides densely covered with longish adpressed, broadish, 
coarse, rigid hairs of the same character as those on the sides 
of the toes, and feet, but longer: upper surface in its two 
upper thirds is only sparsely covered with short strong ciliated 
hairs not so obscuring the scaly rings as in the lower third, 
where it is clad much as on the under surface and sides. 
The hairs on the under surface of the tail are white, and on 
the sides and upper surface dark brown. 

The eye is small, almost hidden, and the ear almost com. 
pletely so by the fur. The ear is a transversely oval slit 
0”:26 in length; the lower margin of the lower posterior half 
of the ear covered with fine microscopic hairs, The portion 
above the antetragus is covered on its inner surface with 
ordinary fur, except at a small spot at its upper extremity. 


in. 


Length, tip of snout to vent ‘ i m is r « 38s 
Vent to tip of snout : . . . 5 “ . 3:00 
Length of hind foot ste . . : 5 . 087 


Measurements of skull, 


Anterior border of foramen magnum to tip of premaxilla . 090 
Breadth across maxilla . é . . . - . 034 
a behind preorbital foramen ‘ * * “ . 026 
» at posterior end of temporal fossa : . - 028 

» at posterior end of upper articular surface from lower 
jaws " E A . . is - 0°43 
» external to tympanic . . c ‘ s + 055 
Length of lowerjaw . . . . : . : - 059 


Front incisors moderately large and not much curved. The 
posterior eminence low, and but little pointed. ‘The inter- 
mediate teeth of nearly equal size, the middle tooth being the 
largest, and the third the smallest, all being conical. The 
central external cusp of the first molar is not very strong or 
long, while its rather obtuse anterior cusp is on a level with 
the third intermediate tooth. 

It is closely allied to, if notidentical with, Sorew (Crosopus) 
platycephalus, Temminck, of Japan. . 


210 MAMMALIA. 


252. A stuffed specimen in bad condition. Sikkim. 
Presented by T. Jerdon, Esq., 1866. ; 

6. A skin of an adult in alcohol, and its skeleton. Ponsee, 
Kakhyen Hills, Yonnan, 3,800 feet. Presented by Dr. J. 
Anderson, 1868. Ist Expedition to Western China, 1868. 
Skeleton figured, Anat. and Zool. Researches; pl. v, pages 
17—30. 

ce § d. An adult male and female in alcohol. Ryang, 
British Sikkim, 4,000 feet. Purchased for the Museum by 
G. King, Esq., B.M., 10th February 1879. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


{Recognised names of genera, species, and varieties are printed in italics; 
synonyms, in Roman characters.] 


A. 


abelit (Simia) 24. 

abramus (Vespertilio), 129. 
abramus (Vesperugo), 129. 
adusta (Pithecia), 86. ; 
adversus (Vespertilio), 139. 
zegyptica (Hamadryas), 80. 
eegyptica (Simia), 80. 

affinis (Pipistrellus), 128. 
affinis (Rhinolophus), 109. 
affinis (Taphozous), 149. 
affinis (Vesperugo), 128, 
agilis (Hylobates), 31. 
agilis (Pithecus), 31. 
akokumuli (Vesperugo), 131. 
albifrons (Ateles), 84, 
albifrons (Lemur), 92. 
albifrons (Prosimia), 92. 
albimana (Simia), 29. 
albimanus (Hylobates), 29. 
albimanus (Lemur), 93. 
albinus (Presbytes), 43. 
albinus (Sorex), 180. 

albipes (Semnopithecus), 38. 


alpinus (Amphisorex), 201. 

alpinus (Corsira), 201, 206. 
alpinus (Sorea), 201. 

albulus (Erinaceus), 162. 
amboinensis (Phyllorhina), 118, 119. 
amplexicaudata (Cynonycteris), 103. 
amplexicaudatus (Pteropus), 103. 
anchises (Presbytes), 35. 
andamanensis (Macacus), 71. 
andamanensis (Rhinolophus), 110 
andersoni (Vesperugo), 124, 
andersoni (Vesperus), 124. 
annectens (Pipistrellus), 132. 
annectens (Vesperugo), 132. 
Anthropopithecus, 1. 

antinorii (Sorex), 201. 
Anurosorex, 171. 

Anurosoricine, 171. 

arctoides (Inuus), 71, 74, 
arctoides (Macacus), 74. 

arctoides (Macacus), 76. 

arctoides (Maimon), 74. 

arctoides (Pithecus), 74. 
argentatus (Semnopithecus), 51. 
armiger (Rhinolophus), 114. 


albocinereus (Semnopithecus), 51. 
albogularis (Cercopithecus), 57. 
albogularis (Semnopithecus), 57. 
alpina (Corsira), 206. 


armigera (Phyllorhina), 114, 
Artibeus, 152. 

aruensis (Phyllorhina), 118, 
ascanias (Cercopithecus), 59. 


212 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


assamensis (Anurosorer), 171. 
assamensis (Inuus), 67, 70. 
assamensis (Macacus), 70. 
assamensis (Macacus), 62, 71. 
assamensis (Pachyura), 186. 
assamensis (Papio), 70. 
assameysis (Pteropus), 102. 
Ateles, 83. 

ater (Ateles), 83. 

ater (Chiropotes), 86. 
aterrimus (Sorex), 204. 
atratus (Nycticejus), 125. 
atratus (Sorex), 194. 

atratus (Vesperugo), 125. 
aurata (Semnopithecus), 53. 
auratus (Macacus), 62. 
auratus (Mycetes), 83. 
auratus (Vespertilio), 142. 
aureus (Cercocebus), 62. 
aureus (Inuus), 62. 

aureus (Macacus), 62. 

aureus (Pithecus), 62. 
auritus (Hrinaceus), 162. 
auritus (Erinaceus), 159, 163. 
auritus (Plecotus), 123. 
auritus (Vespertilio), 123. 
austenianus (Vesperugo), 128. 


B. 


babouin (Cynocephalus), 81. 
barbei (Presbytis), 48. 
barbei (Semnopithecus), 48. 
beddomii (Crocidura), 179. 
belangeri (Cladobates), 154, 
belangeri (Nycticejus), 134. 
belangert (Tupaia), 154, 
belzebuth (Ateles), 84. 
bengalensis (Nycticebus), 94. 
bicolor (Phyllorhina), 117. 
bicolor (Pithecus), 24, 


bicolor (Rhinolophus), 117. 
bidiana (Crocidura), 185. 
blanfordi (Crocidura), 180. 
blanfordi (Erinaceus), 161. 
blanfordi (Vespertilio), 143. 
blanfordi (Vesperugo), 133. 
blythii (Crocidura), 180. 
brachysoma (Cynopterus), 106. 
braziliensis (Nyctinomus), 151. 
brevicaudatus (Indris), 94. 
brevicaudus (Taphozous), 147. 
brevitarsus (Rhinolophus), 111. 
brookei (Pithecus), 2. 

brunneus (Lemur), 92. 
brunneus (Macacus), 75. 

buku (Semnopithecus), 62. 


Cc. 
cerulescens (Crocidura), 171. 
cerulescens (Sorex), 172, 180. 
calvus (Troglodytes), 1. 
candida (Gymnura), 158. 
cantori (Taphozous), 147. , 
canus (Nycticejus), 131. 
capensis (Nycteris), 122, 
capensis (Rhinolophus), 112. 
capillamentosa (Pithecia), 86. 
capucina (Simia), 85. 
capucinus (Cebus), 85. 
carhonarius (Macacus), 64. 
carbonarius (Macacus), 62. 
carpolegus (Simia), 72. 
Catarrhini, 1. 
catta (Prosimia), 90. 
catta (Lemur), 90. 
caudata (Corsira), 206. 
caudatus (Crossopus), 206. 
caudatus (Sorex), 206. 
caudatus (Soriculus), 206. 
Cebide, 82. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


Cebus, 84, 

Centetes, 166. 

Centetida, 166. 

cephalopterus (Presbytes), 43, 
cephalopterus (Semnopithecus), 43. 
cephalopterus (Semnopithecus), 45. 
Cercocebus, 59. 

Cercopithecida, 35. 
Cercopithecine, 55. 
Cercopithecus, 55. 

Cercopithecus, 71. 

cestonii (Dinops), 150. 

cestonit (Nyctinomus), 150. 
-eeylanica (Crocidura), 180. 
ceylonicus (Simia), 47. 
Chalinolobus, 133. 
- Cheiromeles, 150. 

Chimarrogale, 208. 

chinensis (Tupaia), 155. 
Chiroptera, 99. 

chronomandus (Hylobates), 26. 
chrysocephala (Pithecia), 86. 
Chrysochlorida, 167. 
Chrysochloris, 167. 

chrysogaster (Semnopithecus), 41. 
chrysomelas (Semnopithecus), 52. 

Chrysothriz, 86. 

chrysurus (Stentor), 83. 

chuva (Ateles), 84. 

cineraceus (Hipposideros), 118. 
cinerea (Wycticebus), 95. 

cinerea (Presbytes), 51. 

cinereus (Nycticebus), 94. 
cinereus (Semnopithecus), 51. 
cwlophyllus (Rhinolophus), 107. 
collaris (Cynunycteris), 104. 
collaris (Erinaceus), 159, 160. 
_collaris (Hemiechinus), 161. 
collaris (Lemur), 92. 

collaris (Pteropus), 104. 


218 


Colobus, 55. 

concolor (Hylobates), 31. 
coromandelianus (Scotophilus), 129, 
crespuscularis (Nycticejus), 138, 
cristata (Condylura), 167. 
cristata (Simia), 50. 

cristatus (Astromydes), 167. 
cristatus (Macacus), 62. 
cristatus (Presbytes), 52. 
cristatus (Rhinaster), 167. 
cristatus (Semnopithecus), 50. 
cristatus (Sorex), 167. 
Crocidura, 171, 196. 
Crocidurine, 171. 

Crossoping, 208. 

Crossopus, 207. 

cryptura (Talpa), 168. 
cucullatus (Presbytis), 45. 
cucullatus (Semnopithecus), 45. 
curtus (Pithecus), 2. 

cuvieri (Simia), 76. 

eyclotis (Harpiocephalus), 139. 


_eyclotis (Murina), 139, 


Cynocephatine, 80. 
Cynocephalus, 80. 

cynomolgus (Cercocebus), 62. 
cynomolgus (Cercopithecus), 62. 
cynomolgus (Cynocephalus), 62, 
cynomolgus (Inuus), 62. 
cynomolgus (Macacus), 61, 
cynomolgus (Pithecus), 62. 
cynomolgus (Simia), 62. 
Cynonycteris, 103. 
Cynopithecus, 78. 
Cynopterus, 104. 

eynosurus (Cercopithecus), 62. 


D. 


damarensis (Chrysochloris), 167. 
dargelingensis (Plecotus), 123. 


214 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


dargeliensis (Synotus), 123. 
dasycneme (Vespertilio), 140. 
daubent onit (Vespertilio), 140. 
deformis (Rhinolophus), 117. 
desertorum (Vespertilio), 141. 
diadema (Phyllorhina), 116. 
diadema (Propithecus), 93. 
diadema (Rhinolophus), 115. 
diadematus (Cercopithecus), 58. 
diana (Cercopithecus), 59. 
diana (Simia), 59. 

discolor (Vespertilio), 125. 
discolor (Vesperugo), 125. 
dobsoni (Vespertilio), 143. 
doguera (Cynocephalus), 81. 
doguera (Papio), 81. 

dussumieri (Semnopithecus), 40. 


E. 


ecaudatus (Centetes), 166. 
ecaudatus (Erinaceus), 166, 
edulis (Pteropus), 100. 
edwardsii (Semnopithecus), 47. 
elliott (Tupaia), 153. 
emarginatus (Nycticejus), 136. 


emarginatus (Scotophilus), 136. 


emarginatus (Vespertilio), 140. 
Limballonure, 146. 
Limballonuride, 146, 
Emballonurine, 146. 


engythithea (Cercopithecus), 56. 


engythithea (Chlorocebus), 56, 
entelloides (Hylobates), 29. 
entellus (Cercopithecus), 35. 
entellus (Presbytes), 35. 
entellus (Semnopithecus), 35. 
entellus (Semnopithecus), 37, 
entellus (Simia), 35. 
Eonycteris, 106. 


Ericulus, 166. 

Erinaceide, 158. 
Erinaceine, 158. 
EKrinaceus, 158. 

erythreea (Simia), 67. 
erythreeus (Inuus), 67. 
erythraeus (Macacus), 67, 68. 
erythreus (Maimon), 67. 
erythreeus (Pithecus), 67. 
europaeus (Erinaceus), 158. 
europea (Talpa), 168. 
euryale (Rhinolophus), 111. 
euryotis (Rhinolophus), 108. 


F. 


fascicularis (Semnopithecus), 62. 
fascicularis (Simia), 62. 
faunus (Cercopithecus), 56. 
Jelinus (Nyctipithecus), 85. 
Semoralis (Semnopithecus), 52. 
femoralis (Simia’, 52. 

ferox (Simia), 66. 

Serruginea (Tupaia), 156. 
ferruginea (Tupaia), 154, 


ferrugineus (Sorex), 180. 


Serrum-equinun (Rhinolophus), 112. 


ferrum-equinum (Vespertilio), 111. 
flavescens (Nycticejus), 134. 
flavia (Simia), 84. 

flavimana (Presbytes), 53. 
flavimanus (Semnopithezus), 53. 
Jlavus (Cebus), 84. 

Sodiens (Crossopus), 207. 
Sormosus (Vespertilio), 142. 
Srithti (Celops), 119. 

frontatus (Ateles), 84. 
frontatus (Eriodis); 84. 
Suliginosa (Crocidura), 19%. 
Suliginasus (Cercocebus), 59. 
fuljginosus (Cercopithecus), 59. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Q15 


fuliginosus (Sorex), 197. 

* fulva (Phyllorhina), 118. 

’ fulva (Simia), 67. 
fulvidus (Scotophilus), 126, 
Sulvocinerea (Crocidura), 178. 
fulvocinerea (Crocidura), 172. 


fulvogriseus (Semnopithecus), 43. 


fulvus (Cebus), 84. 

fulvus (Hipposideros), 118. 
fulvus (Lemur), 92, 
funereus (Hylobates), 31, 
fur (Macacus), 62, 
fusco-ater (Inuus), 77. 
fusco-ater (Macacus), 77. 


. G. 
Galago, 98. 
galago (Lemur) 98. 
galago (Otolicnus), 98. 
Galagonine, 98. . 
Galeopithecida, 152. 
Galeopithecus, 152. 
galerita (Phyllorhina), 116. 
galeritus (Hipposideros), 116. 
garnetti (Galago), 98. 
garnetti (Otogale), 98. 
garnetti (Otolicnus), 98. 
garoensis (Eehinolophus), 110. 
geoffroyt (Ateles), 83. 
geoffroyi (Galago), 98. 
giganteus (Mus), 172. 
gigantica (Simia), 24. 
gina (Gorilla), 2. 
glis (Sorex), 156. 
gorilla (Anthropopithecus), 2. 
gorilla (Troglodytes), 2. 
gouldiz (Chalinolobus), 133, 
gracilicauda (Soriculus), 206. 
gracilis (Loris), 97. 
gracilis (Nycticebus), 97. 


gracilis (Stenops), 97. 

grayt (Lrinaceus), 160. 

grayi (Hemiechinus), 161. 
griffithii (Sorex), 180. 
griseoviridis (Cercopithecus), 56. 
guereza (Colobus), 55. 
Gymnura, 158, 

gymnura (Viverra), 158. 
Gymnurinae, 158. 


H. 
halonifer (Semnopithecus), 46. 
hamadryas ( Cynocephalus), 80. 
hamadryas (Papio), 80. 
hamadryas (Simia, 80. 
Hapale, 87. 
Hapalide, 87. 
hardwickii (Kerivoula), 145. 
hardwickii (Vespertilio), 145. 
harpia (Harpiocephalus), 138. 
harpia (Vespertilio), 138. 
Harpiocephalus, 138. 
hasseltii (Vespertilio), 189. 
heathii (Nycticejus), 136. 
heathii (Scotophilus), 136. 
Hemicentetes, 166. 
Hesperopterus, 132. 
heterodon (Sorex), 180. 
himalaica (Chimarrogale), 208. 
himalaica (Crocidura), 208. 
himalayicus (Crossopus), 208. 
himalayicus (Sorex), 208. 
hipposideros (Noctilio), 111. 
hipposidercs (Rhinolophus), 111. 
hodgsoni (Sorex), 194, . 
holosericea (Chrysochloris), 167. 
holotephreus (Semnopithecus), 50. 
Hominida, 1. 
Homo, 1. 
hoolock (Hylobates), 26. 


216 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


hoolock (Simia), 26. 
horsfieldi (3legaderma), 121. 
hottentotta (Chrysochloris), 167. 
houlock (Hylobates), 26. 
hulok (Hylobates), 26. 
hybridus (Ateles), 84. 
Hylobates, 25. 
. Hylobatinag, 25. 
Hylomyine, 157. 
Hylomys, 157. 
hypoleuca (Simia), 85. 
hypoleucus (Cebus), 85. 
hypoleucus (Semnopithecus), 40. 


I. 
imbricatus (Vespertilio), 127, 129. 
imbricatus (Vesperugo), 127. 
indica (Pacbyura), 172. 
indicus (Erinaceus), 159. 
indicus (Sorex), 172. 
Indris, 94. 
Indrisina, 93. 
inornatus (Gymnopyga), 76. 
inornatus (Macacus), 76. 
Insectivora, 152. 
insignis (Nyctinomus), 105. 
insignis (Rhinolophus), 117. 


J. 
gacchus (Hapale), 87. 
jacchus (Simia), 87. 
javanica (Nycteris), 122. 
javanica (Nycticebus), 97. 
javanica (Tupaia), 156. 
javanicus (Nycteris), 122. 
javanicus (Nyeticebus), 94. 
jerdont (Erinaceus), 165. 
johnii (Cercopithecus), 45. 
johnii (Presbytis), 40. 
johnit (Semnopithecus), 45. 


johnii (Semnopithecus), 40. 
johorensis (Molossus), 151. 
johorensis (Nyctinomus), 151. 
jubatus (Presbytis), 45. 
jubatus (Semnopithecus), 45. 


K. 
hachhensis (Taphozous), 148. 
kandianus (Sorex), 180. 
kelaarti (Crocidura), 200, 
kelaarti (Semnopithecus), 43. 
kelaarti (Sorex), 200. _ 
kephalopterus (Cercopithecus), 43. 
keraudrenii (Pteropus), 103. 
Kerivoula, 144. 
kingiana (Crocidura), 196. 
kooloo-kamba (Troglodytes), 1. 
kra (Semnopithecus), 62. 
kuhlii (Scotophilus), 133. 
kublii (Vespertilio), 131. 
kuhlit (Vesperugo,) 131. 


L. 
lagaros (Satyrus), 1. 
lalandi (Cercopithecus), 55. 
laniger (Mycetes), 83. 
lanosa (Kerivoula), 145. 
lar (Homo), 28. 
lar (Hylobates), 28. 
lar (Pithecus), 28. 
lar (Simia), 26, 28, 31. 
larvata (Phyllorhina), 117. 
larvatus (Cercopithecus), 54, 
larvatus (Nasalis), 54. 
larvatus (Rhinolophus), 117. 
larvatus (Rhynchopithecus), 55 
larvatus (Semnopithecus), 54. 
leisleri (Vespertilio), 127. 
leisleri (Vesperugo), 127. 
Lemur, 90. 
Lemuride, 90. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Q17 


Lemurine, 90. 

leonina (Simia), 66. 

leoninus (Inuus), 71. 

leoninus (Macacus), 71. 
leoninus (Macacus), 70. 

lepidus (Pipistrellus), 141. 
lepidus (Vespertiliv), 141. 
leptophylla (Phyllorhina), 114, 
leucampyx (Cercopithecus), 58. 
leucampyx (Simia), 58. 
leucisea (Simia), 33. 

leuciscus (Hylobates), 33. 
leuciscus (Hylobates), 29. 
leuciscus (Pithecus), 33. 
leucocephala (Pithecia), 86. 
leucodon (Sorex), 201. 
leucogenys (Hylobates), 34, 
leucomystax (Lemur), 91. 


leucomystax (Semnopithecus), 46. 


Leuconoé, 139. 


__leucoprymnus (Cercopithecus), 43. 


leucoprymnus (Troglodytes), 1. 
leucopus (Hapaile), 89. 
leucotis (Vesperugo), 131. 
leucura (Talpa), 170. 

lobatus (Scotophilus), 132. 
longicaudata (Condylura), 167. 
longicaudata (Talpa), 167. 
longimana (Simia), 28. 
longimanus (Taphozous), 147. 
longipes (Vespertilio), 139. 
-Loris, 97. 

luctus (Rhinolophus), 107. 
luteus (Nycticejus), 133, 134, 
lyra (Megaderma), 120. 
Lyroderma, 120. 


M. 


macaco (Lemur), 91. 


macaco (Lemur), 91. 
Macacus, 59. 
macracanthus (Erinaceus), 164. 
macracanthus (Hrinaceus), 162. 
Macroglossi, 106. 
Macroglossus, 107. 
macropus (Vespertilio), 139. 
macrotis (Crocidura), 186. 
macrotis (Ehinolophus), 109. 
macroura (Condylura), 167. 
macrurus (Galeopithecus), 153. 
madagascariensis (Erinaceus), 166. 
madagascariensis (Hemicentetes), 
166. 
maimon (Cynocephalus), 82. 
maimon (Mormon), 82. 
maimon (Papio), 82. 
maimon (Simia), 82. 
matlaccana (Tupaia), 156. 
malaiana (Nycticebus), 95. 
malayanus (Cynocephalus), 78. 
Mammalia, 1. 
marginatus (Cynopterus), 104, 
marginatus (Pieropus), 104. 
masont (Phyllorhina), 115. 
maura (Prebytes), 47. 
maura (Simia), 47, 52. 
maurus (Cercopithecus), 47. 
maurus (Inuus), 76. 
maurus (Macacus), 76. 
maurus (Macacus), 74, 78. 
maurus (Magus), 76. 
maurus (Presbytes), 47. 
maurus (Semnopithecus), 47. 
maurus (Semnopithecus), 48. 
maurus (Vesperugo), 127. 
medius ( Pteropus), 101. 
Megachiroptera, 99, 
Megaderma, 120. 
Megadermine, 120, 


218 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


megalotis (Evinaceus), 163. 
melalophus (Presbytes), 53. 


melalophus (Semnopithecus), 53. 


melanocephala (Prosimia), 92. 
melanochir (Ateles), 83, 84, 
melanodon (Sorex), 186. . 


_ melanopogon (Taphozous), 146. 


melanopus (Presbytes), 52. 
melanotus (Macacus), 75, 76. 
melanotus (Papio), 74, 
Microchiroptera, 107. 
micronyx (Pachyura), 194. 
micronyx (Sorex), 194. 


microphyllum (Rhinopoma), 149. 


micr: pus (Erinaceus), 159. 
micropus (Erinaceus), 159. 
micropus (Hemiechinus), 159. 
micrura (Talpa), 168 
minimus (Macroglossus), 107. 
minimus (Pteropus), 107. 
Miniopteri, 145. 
Miniopterus, 145, 

minor (Cynonycteris), 104. 
minor (Rhinolophus), 110. 
minor (Rhinolophus), 111. 
mitratus (Rhinolophus), 108. 
mitratus (Semnopithecus), 50. 
Molossi, 150. 

Molossine, 150. 

mona (Cercopithecus), 57. 
mona (Simia), 57. 

mongoz (Lemur), 93. 
monoides (Cercopithecus), 57. 
montana (Crocidura), 193. 
montanus (Sorex), 193. 
montivagus Vespertilio, 142. 
morio (Simia), 2, 

mormon (Papio), 82. 

miilleri (Hylobates), 31. 
muricola (Vespertilio), 142. 


murina (Crocidura), 180. 
murina (Crocidura), 192. 
murinoides (Vespertilio), 141. 
murinus (Hipposideros), 118. 
murinus (Sorex), 172, 180, 184. 
murinus (Vespertilio), 141. 
murraiana (Phyllorhina), 113. 
Mycetes, 82. 

myoides (Crocidura), 200. 
myoides (Sorex), 200 
myosurus (Sorex), 172, 180. 
mystacinus (Vespertilio), 144. 


N. 
Nasalis, 54. 
nasalis (Simia), 55. 
nasica (Simia), 55. 
nasicus (Cercopithecus), 54, 55. 
nasicus (Nasalis), 55. 
nasicus (Semnopithecus), 55. 
nasutus (Vesperugo), 125. 
nathusii (Vesperugo), 129. 
natterert (Vespertilio), 141. 
nemestrina (Papio), 72. 
nemestriva (Simia), 72. 
nemestrinus (Cynocephalus), 72. 
nemestrinus (Inuus), 72, 73. 
nemestrinus (Macacus), 72. 
nemestrinus (Macacus), 71. 
nemestrinus (Pithecus), 72, 73. 
nemestrinus (Rhesus), 73. 
nepalensis (Semnopithecus), 37. 
nestor (Semnopithecus), 43, 
nicobarensis (Phyllorhina), 115. 
nicobarica (Tupaia), 157. 
nicobaricus (Cladobates), 157. 
nicobarieus (Pteropus), 102. 
niger (Cynocephalus), 76, 78. 
niger (Cynopithecus), 78. 
niger (Hylobates), 26. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


niger (Inuus), 78. 

niger (Lemur), 91. 

niger (Macacus), 78. 

niger (Maimon), 78. 

niger (Papio), 78. 

niger (Sorex), 180. 

niger (Troglodytes), 1. 
nigra (Varecia), 91. 
nigrescens (Corsira), 204. 
nigrescens (Crossopus), 204. 
nigrescens (Ericulus), 166, 
nigrescens (Sorex), 204. — 
nigrescens (Soriculus), 204. 
nigrifrons (Lemur), 92. 
nigrifrons (Lemur), 92, 93. 


nigrimanus (Semnopithecus), 51. 


nilgirica (Crocidura), 188. 
nipalensis (Vespertilio), 140. 
nitidofulva (Crocidura), 186. 
nobilis (Presbytes), 53. 
nobilis (Semnopithecus), 53. 
noctula (Vespertilio), 126. 
noctula (Vesperugo), 126. 
nocturna (Pithecia), 86. 
nudipes (Pachyura), 186, 
nudipes (Sorex), 186. 
nudiventris (Erinaceus), 159. 
nudiventris (Taphozous), 148. 
Nycteride, 120. 
Nyctering, 122. 
Wycteris, 122. 
Nycticebidia, 94. 
Nycticebina, 94. 
Wycticebus, 94, 
Nycticejus, 138. 
Nyctinomus, 150. 
Nyctipithecus, 85. 
Nyctophilus, 122. 

: O. 
obscura (Presbytes), 46. 


obscurus (Semnopithecus), 46. 
ochreatus (Macacus), 77. 
ochreatus (Papio), 77. 
ochrocephala (Pithecia), 86. 
ocreatus (Macacus), 77. 
adipus (Hapale), 88. 
cedipus (Jacchus), 89, 
cedipus (Midas), 89. 
cedipus (Simia), 89. 

oinops (Macacus), 67. 
ornatus (Ateles), 84. 
ornatus (Nycticejus), 137. 
ornatus (Scotophilus), 137. 
owenii (Pithecus), 2. 


P. 
pachyotis (Vesperugo), 126. 
pachyotis (Vesperus), 126. 
pachypus (Vespertilio), 126, 
pachypus (Vesperugo), 126. 
Pachyura, 171. 
palliatus (Mycetes), 83. 
pallida (Kerivoula), 142. 
pallidus (Cebus), 84, 
pallidus (Scotophilus), 137. 
pallipes (Semnopithecus), 38. 
palpebrosus (Inuus), 62, 
palpebrosus (Macacus), 62. 
pan (Simia), 1. 
paniscus (Ateles), 83. 
paniscus (Simia), 83. 
patas (Simia), 58. 
pealana (Crocidura), 180. 
pearsonit (Rhinolophus), 109. 
peguana (Tupaia), 154, 
peguensis (Hylomys), 157. 
pelops (Inuus), 70. 
pelops (Macacus), 70. 
pelops (Pithex), 70. 
penicillata (Hapale), 88, 


219 


220 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


penicillatus (Jacchus), 88. 
perforatus (Taphozous), 148. 
perrottetit (Crocidura), 188. 
perrottetii (Sorex), 188, 194. 
persicus (Triaenops), 112. 


perspicillatus (Artibeus), 152. 
petaurista (Cercopithecus), 58. 


petaurista (Simia), 58, 
petersii (Ehinolophus), 110. 
peyrottetii (Sorex), 186. 
phayrei (Presbytis), 49. c 
phayrei (Semnopithecus), 49. 
philippensis (Macacus), 62. 
philippensis (Pithecus), 62. 
Phyllorhina, 113. 
Phyllorhinine, 112. 
Phyllostomide, 152. 
Phyllostomina, 152. 

picta (Kerivoula), 144. 
pictum (Vespertilio), 144. 
pictus (Hrinaceus), 159. 
pictus (Hemiechinus), 159. 
pileata (Simia), 61. 

pileatus (Hylobates), 31. 
pileatus (Inuus), 61. 

pileatus (Macacus), 61. 
pileatus (Pithecus), 61. 
pileatus (Presbytis), 41. 
pileatus (Semnopithecus), 40: 
pipistrellus (Vespertilio), 128. 
pipistrellus (Vesperugo), 128. 
pithecia (Simia), 86. 
Pithecia, 86. 

pitnex (Macacus), 67. 
Platyrrhini, 82. 

Plecoti, 122. 

Plecotus, 123. 

plicatus (Nyetinomus), 151. 
plicatus (Vespertilio), 151. 
pluto (Cercopithecus), 58, 


pogonias (Pithecia), 86. 
poliocephalus (Pteropus), 99. 
porcaria (Simia), 81. 
porcarius (Cynocephalus), 81. 
porearius (Cynocephalus), 81. 
porcarius (Papio), 81. 
potenziani (Semnopithecus), 41. 
prasinata (Condylura), 167. 
priam (Semnopithecus), 38. 
priamus (Presbytis), 38. 
priamus (Semnopithecus), 38. 
Primates, 1. 

problematicus (Macacus), 70. 
Prepithecus, 93. 

Prosimia, 90. 

pruinosus (Semnopithecus), 50. 
Pteropi, 99. 

Pieropodide, 99. 

Pteropus, 99. 

pumiloides (Scotophilus), 129. 
pusillus (Miniopterus), 146. 
pygerythrus (Cercopithecus), 55. 
pygerythrus (Chlorocebus), 56. 
pygerythrus (Simia), 55. 


’ pygmzxa (Cebuella), 88. 


pygmea (Hapale), 88. 
pygmeoides (Crocidura), 194. 
pygmeus (Jacchus), 88. 
pygmaeus (Sorex), 201. 
pygmeus (Sorex), 194. 
pyrrhus (Presbytes), 47. 
pyrrhus (Semnopithecus), 47. 


R. 


radiatus (Cercocebus), 59, 60.* 
radiatus (Cercopithecus), 60. 
radiatus (Inuus), 60. 

radiatus (Macacus), 60. 


| radiatus (Pithecus), 59. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


rafflei (Hylobates), 31. 
rafflesii (Echinosorex), 158. 
rafflesit (Gymnura), 158. 
rafflesii (Hylobates), 31. 
recurvus (Nasalis), 55. 
retusa (Crocidura), 199. 
rheso-similis (Macacus), 70. 
rhesus (Inuus), 67, 70. 
rhesus (Macacus), 67. 
rhesus (Papio), 67. 

rhesus (Pithecus), 68. . 
rhesus (Simia), 67. 
Rhinaster, 167. 
Rhinolophide, 107. 
Rhinolophine, 107. 
Rhinolophus, 107, 112. 
Bhinopoma, 149. 
Rhinopomata, 149. 
rodricensis (Pteropus), 100: 
rosalia (Hapale), 88. 
rosalia (Lecontopithecus), 88. 
rosalia (Midas), 88. 

rosalia (Simia), 88. 

ruber (Cercopithecus), 58. 
ruber (Chlorocebus), 58. 
ruber (Lemur), 91. 
rubicunda (Crocidura), 190. 
rubra, (Simia), 58, 

rubra (Varecia), 91. 
rubricosa (Crocidura), 196. 
rufibarbata (Pithecia), 86. 

_ rufiventer (Pithecia), 86. 
rufus (Galeopithecus), 153. 
riippellii (Guereza), 55. 
rutilans (Chrysochloris), 167. 
rutledgii (Semnopithecus), 51. 


8. 


sabsea (Simia), 56. 
abeus (Cercopithecus), 56. 


saccolemus (Taphozous), 149. 
satanas (Cebus), 86, 

satanas (Pithecia), 86. 

satyrus (Pithecus), 2, 24, 
satyrus (Simia), 2. 

savagei (Troglodytes), 2. 
scherzeri (Cynopterus), 106. 
scherzeri (Pachysoma), 106, 
schistaceus (Presbytis), 37. 
schistaceus (Semnopithecus), 37. 


schreibersii (Miniopterus), 145, 146. 


schreibersii (Vespertilio), 145. . 
sceiurea (Chrysothriz), 86. 
sciurea (Simia), 86, 

sciureus (Callithrix), 86. 
sciureus (Chrysothrix), 86. 
Scoteinus, 136. 
Scotemanus, 137. 
Scotophilus, 133. 

scyritus (Hylobates), 26. 
semispinosus (Ericius), 166. 
Semnopithecine, 35. 
Semnopithecus, 35. 
senegalensis (Galago), 98. 
senex (Cercopithecus), 43. 
senex (Semnopithecus), 45. 
seniculus (Mycetes), 82. 
seniculus (Simia), 82.. 
seniculus (Stentor), 82. 
serotinus (Vespertilio), 124, 
serotinus (Vesperugo), 124. 
serpentarius (Sorex), 180. 
setosus (Hriculus), 166. 
setosus (Erinaceus), 166. 
shiraziensis (Hesperus), 124, 
siamensis (Semnopithecus), 61. 
sikkimensis (Sorex), 204. 
silenus (Cercopithecus), 66. 
silenus (Inuus), 66, 67. 
silenus (Macacus), 66. 


221 


222 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


silenus (Maimon), 66. 
silenus (Papio), 66. 

silenus (Pitheecus), 66. 
silenus (Simia), 66. 

Simia, 2. 

simia-sciurus (Lemur), 92. 
Sinisa, 1s 

Simiine, 1. 

sindensis (Crocidura), 179. 
sindensis (Crocidura), 172. 
sinensis (Cynocephalus), 59. 
sinica (Simia), 59, 60. 
sinicus (Cercocebus), 61. 


sinicus (Cercopithecus), 59, 61. 


sinicus (Inuus), 60, 61. 
sinicus (Macacus), 59. 
sinicus (Macacus), 61. 
sinicus (Pithecus), 60, 61. 
soccatus (Sorex), 180. 
sonneratii (Sorex), 172. 
Sorex, 201. 

Soricide, 171. 

Soricine, 201. 

Soriculus, 202. 

spasma (Megaderma), 121. 
spasma (Vespertilio), 121. 
spatangus (Erinaceus), 161. 


spatangus (Hemiechinus), 161. 


speciosus (Cynopithecus), 74. 
speciosus (Inui), 75. 
speciosus (Macacus), 74. 
spectrum (Lemur), 99. 
spectrum (Tarsius), 99. 
spelea (Eonycteris), 106. 
spelzeus (Macroglossus), 106. 
speoris (Phyllorhina), 116. 
speoris (Vespertilio), 116. 
sphingiola (Simia), 81. 
spinosus (Hriculus), 166. 
Stenodermata, 152. 


stoliczkana (Asillia), 114. 
stoliczkana (Crocidura), 185 
stoliczkana (Phyllorhina), 1i4. 
stramineus (Mycetes), 83. 
subfulva (Crocidura), 192. 
suillus (Harpiocephalus), 138. 
sumatranus (Semnopithecus), 52, 53. 
swinhoet (Crocidura), 184. 
swinhoei (Sorex), 184, 
syndactyla (Siamonga), 25. 
syndactylus (Hylobates), 25. 
syndactylus (Pithecus), 25. 
syndactylus (Simia), 25. 
Synotus, 123. 


Talpa, 168. 

Talpide, 167. 

tana (Tupaia), 157. 
Taphonycteris, 148. 
Taphozous, 146. 

tardigradus (Lemur), 94. 
tardigradus (Nycticebus), 94. 
tardigradus (Stenops), 94. 
Tarsiide, 99. 

Tarsiine, 99. 

Tarsius, 99. 

temminckii (Galeopithecns), 153. 
temminckii (Scotophilus), 133. 
temminckii (Vespertilio), 133. 
tenuis (Nyctinomus), 151. 
ternatensis (Galeopithecus), 153. 
tetragonurus (Sorex), 201. 
thebaica (Nycteris), 122, 
theobaldi (Taphozous), 147. 
thersites (Presbytis), 38. 

thoth (Cynocephalus), 80. 
tibetanus (Macacus), 75. 
tickelli (Nycticejus), 132. 
tickelli (Vesperugo), 132. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


tumoriensis (Nyctophilus), 122. 
titi (dipus), 89. 

torquatus (Chetromeles), 150. 
tragatus (Nyctinomus), 150. 
tragatus (Rhinolophus), 111. 
travancorensis (Crocidura), 189, 
Trienops, 112. 

trianguligera (Ateles), 84, 
tricuspidata (Phyllorhina), 118. 
tricuspidatus (Rhinolophus), 113. 
tridens (Phyllorhina), 113. 
trifoliatus (Rhinolophus), 108. 


troglodytes (Anthropopithecus), 1. 


troglodytes (Mimetes), 1. 
troglodytes (Simia), 1. 
tschego (Troglodytes), 1. 
Tupaia, 153. 

Tupaiide, 153. 
Tupaiine, 153. 

tytleri (Sorex), 172, 


U. 


undatus (Galeopithecus), 153. 
unko (Hylobates), 31. 

ursina (Simia), 82. 

ursinus (Cynocephalus), 81. 
ursinus (Macacus), 74. 
ursinus (Mycetes , 82. 
ursinus (Presbytis), 43. 
ursinus (Semnopithicus), 44, 
ursinus (Semnopithecus), 43. 
ursinus (Stentor), 82. 

ursula (Hapale), 89. 

ursula (Saguinus), 90, 
ursulus (Jacchus), 90. 
ursulus (Midas), 90 


V. 


varia (Varecia), 91. 

variegatus (Ateles), 84. 
variegatus (Galeopithecus), 153, 
variegatus (Hylobates), 29, 31. 
variegatus (Pithecus), 29. 
variegatus (Simia), 29, 

varius (Lemur), 91. 

varius (Pithecus), 28. 
vellerosus (Troglodytes), 1. 
Vespertilio, 139, 140, 
Vespertiliones, 124. 
Vespertilionida, 122. 
Vesperugo, 124, 126. 
Vesperus, 124, 


. veter. (Cercopithecus), 66. 


veter (Silenus), 66. 

veter (Simia), 43, 66 

vetulus (Cercopithecus), 66. 
viridescens (Sorex), 180. 
volans (Galeopithecus), 152. 
volans (Lemur), 152. 
vulgaris (Erinaceus), 158. 
vulgaris (Jacchus), 87, 88. 
vulgaris (Rhinolophus), 117. 
vulgaris (Sorex), 201. 


Ww. 
waldemarii (Crocidura), 172. 
wurmbil (Papio), 2. 
wurmbii (Simia), 2. 

x. 


xanthomystax (Prosimia), 92. 


Government Central .Press,—No, 20 I. M.~1 8-4-82,—400, 


228 


ERRATA. 


Page 45,—For Hiniger affenarten, read Beschreibung einiger Affenarten, 


” 


99, lines 3 and 4, for Tarside and Tarsine, read respectively 
Tarsiide and Tarsiine. 
119, after line 38, insert Genus Coelops, Blyth, 1849. 
123, lines 4, 5 and 6, for darjelinensis, read darjelingensis. 
123, line 37, for Melherbe, read Malherbe. 
140, lines 6 and 7, for dascyneme, read dasycneme. 
157, line 19, for Hylomine, read Hylomyine. 
159, line 4, for 1881, read 1880. 
176, line 38, omit one an. 
184, line 14, for Blandford, read Blanford. 
201, lines 17, 25, and 28, for Melherbe read Malherbe. 
204, line 31, for Corsisa, read Corsira. 


CATALOGUE 


OF 


MAMMALIA 


IN THE 


INDIAN MUSEUM, 


CALCUTTA. 


a 


vr et BY 


W. L: SCLATER, M.A., F.ZS., 
DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. 
Part II. 


Rodentia, Ungulata, Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Carnivora, Cetacea, 
Sirenia, Marsupialia, Monotremata. 


CALCUTTA: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. 
1891. 


Price: Three Rupees. 


CALCUTTA : 
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CENTRAL PRINTING OFFIC, 
8, HASTINGS STREET. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Dr. Anderson, the late Superintendent, who was the 
author of the first part of the Catalogue of the Mammalia, 
wiich was published in 1881, was never able to complete 
the work; the second half is therefore issued after a con- 
siderable number of years’ delay. 

It has been thought desirable to alter the form of the 
Catalogue somewhat from that of the first part, in which 
very nearly each specimen was separately described, some- 
times at greater, sometimes at lesser, length. This course 
seemed to unduly swell the bulk of the work; it was there- 
fore decided to approximate the form of the Catalogue 
somewhat more to those of the British Museum without 
full descriptions of each species, but with such remarks as 
might be thought necessary to assist the identification of 
the purely Indian species. A key of Genera and Species 
has been added, and all the Indian species, whether the 
Museum contains examples of them or not, are included in 
the Catalogue. 

The synonymy has not been worked out quite complete- 
ly, but all the more important references, especially those 
found in Indian works, are given, and every reference, 
except those asterisked, has been carefully verified. 

The total number of species included in the Catalogue 
amounts to 590, of which 276 are found within the Indian 
Empire and 314 are exotic. These 590 species are repre- 
sented by 4,872 specimens, of which 1,330 belonged to 
the old Asiatic Society’s collection and are to be found 
mentioned in Mr. Blyth’s Catalogue, published in 1863, and 
the remaining 3,542 specimens have been added since 
that time. 

Following the introduction will be found a separate 
list of the type specimens possessed by the Museum, which 
number 55, and also a list of Donors and Contributors, both 
before and since the year 1863. 


LIST OF DONORS AND CONTRIBUTORS TO THE 
INDIAN MUSEUM, CALCUTTA, MENTIONED 


IN THIS CATALOGUE. 


A 


Abbott, Major T. R. 
Aberdeen University. 
Adamson, Major C. H. E. 
Adelaide Museum. 
Agabeg, A. 

Agra Museum. 

Aitchison, Dr. J. E. T. 
Alston, Edward R. 
Anderson, A. A. 
Anderson, Dr. John 
Armstrong, Surgn.-maj. J. 
Athaness, J. J. 


B 


Baker, Rev. F. 

Ball, Professor Vincent 
Barbe, Rev. J. 
Barcklay, J. F. 

Barclay, Surgn.-maj. A. 
Baring, Sir Evelyn 
Barlow, J. H. 

Barlow, Sir J. 
Barrackpore Menagerie. 
Bartlett, A. D. 

Batavian Society. 
Beavan, Lieut. R. C. 
Beddome, Lt.-Col. R. H. 
Belletty, N. 

Bellew, Dr. 


Bengal Economic Museum. 


Bengaugh, Capt. 
Bennett, H. W. 
Benson, Mr. 
Berdmore, Major 


Berlin Museum. 
Biddulph, Col. J. 
Bidie, G. 

Blanford, W. T. 
Blyth, Edward 
Bonnavia, Capt. 
Bonnevie, C. S. 
Bonynge, F. 
Bourne, Lieut. J. H. 
Bowers, Capt. 
Brisbane Museum. 
British Museum. 
Brodie, Major 
Brougham, Dr, 
Brownlow, T. 
Buckland, F. 
Burdwan, Maharaja of 
Burns, Sir A. 
Bushby, G. A. 
Butler, Capt, T. 


Cc 


Cadell, Col. T. 
Cameron, Dr. L. 
Campbell, Dr. A. 
Campbell, J. A. 
Canning, Lord 
Carllyle, A. C. 
Charling, Capt. 
Charlton, Capt. A. 
Chennell, A. W. 
Christiania University, 
Clark, H. 

Clay, A. L. 
Cock, C. R. 
Cockburn, John 


vi 


Columbo Museum. | Fitzgerald, Rev F. 
Comber, Capt. H. R. | Ford, Major 
Consort, H. R. H. the Prince Fraser, A. J. 
Cooke, Capt. | Fraser, O. L. 
Copenhagen Museum. _ Frith, R. W. G. 
Cornish Institution. Fytche, General 
Cracroft, W. 
Croft, Sir A. W. G 
Galaffle, J. 
D Snioek A. 
Dalton, Col. E. T. Garnier, Dr. J. H. 
Daly, William M. Garrett, C. B. 
Darling, W. A. Gervais, Prof. 
Darwin, C. Giles, Surgn. G. M. 
Davis, J. Godfrey, Capt. 
Davison, W. Godwin-Austen, Lt.-Col. H.H. 
Day, Dr. Francis Gould, H. 
D’Cruz, R. Grace, J. 
Deveria, J. Graham, Col. 
Dey, Babu M. Griesbach, L. C. 
Dobson, G. E. Griffith, W. 
Doucett, T. R. Grote, A. 
Dreyer, C. H. Gurney, J. H. 
Duff, Major Guthrie, Col. C. S, 
Dundee Museum. 
Dutt, Babu Udaychand H 
Duvancel, A. 
Hamilton, J. 
Hand, J. 
E Harri, Safi 
Earle, W. Haughton, Lt.-Col. H.L. 
Eden, Sir Ashley Henderson, Dr. George 
Elias, Ney Henry, E. R. 
Elliot, Sir Walter Hervey, C. 
Ellis, R. S. Higgins, E. 
Ellis, The Hon. Charles Hinder, J. 
Elwes, H. J. Hodge, Capt. W. 
Eyton, C. T. Hodgson, Brian H. 
Hollings, C. 
F Holquette, S. F. 
Hone, R. 
Fairweather, Capt, J. Homfray, J. 
Falconer, Dr. H. Homfray, P. 
Farquhar, Major W. Hood, Capt. I. H. 
Fayrer, Sir Joseph Horne, C. 
Ferguson, H. S. Horsfield, Thomas 


Finch, Geoffroy Huffnagle, C. 


Hungarian Museum. 
Hunter, Sir W. W. 
Hutton, Capt. Thomas 


I 


india Museum, London. 
Irving, Capt. W. 


J 


Jackson, Dr. A. R. 
Jamrach, William 
Jarbo, J. T. 
Jardine, Sir William 
Jenkins, Col. F. 
Jerdon, Dr. T. C. 
Johnston, Col, 
Johnston, T. 
Johnstone, Capt. 
Jones, E. J. 


K 


Karachi Museum. 

Kelaart, Dr. E. F. 

King, Dr. George 

King, Mrs. Wilham 
Kinloch, Genl. A. A. A. 
Kirtland, Mr. 

Knight, J. 

Kuch Behar, Maharajah of 


L 


Lahore Museum. 
Laidlay, J. W. 
LaTouche, T. D. 
Layard, E. L. 

Lee, ). Bridges . 
Lewis, Capt. Harold 
Lindstedt, E. 
Lindstedt, Rev, F. J. 
Lister, J. M. 

Lloyd, C. G. T. 
Lloyd, Miss 
Lockhart, Col. Sir W. S. A. 
Lovett, Col. Beresford 
Lucknow Museum. 


vii 


Lumsden, Capt. 
Lushington, G. ‘I. 
Lydekker, R. 


M 


MacCosh, Dr. 
Maddock, Sir T. EH. 
Madras Museum. 
Maingay, Dr. 
Mainwaring, Genl. B. 
Malherbe, Alfred 
Mallet, F. R. 

Man, E. H. 

Mandelli, L. 

Masson, W. G. 
Masters, A. 

Mayo, Earl of 7 
McClelland, John 
McGowan, Rev. Dr. 
Medical College Museam. 
Medlicott, H. B. 
Melbourne Museum. 
Meurant, Col. 
Michell, Capt. 
Milman, Mr. 

Moller, F. A. 
Montrose Museum. 
Morgan, J. 

Mostyn, Clark H. 
Moxon, G W. 
Mullick, Rajah Rajendra 
Mullins, L. C. 
Munro, J. 

Murray, J. A. 


N 


Netherlands, Prince Henry of 


the 
Nevill, G. 
New York Museum. 
Nicholetts, A. M. 
Norman, Hon, Justice 


Oo 


Ogle, M. J. 
Oldham, R. D. 


O'Reilly, E. 
Oude, King of. 
Ouseley, Major. 
Owen, J. 

Oxford Museum. 


P 


Paris Museum. 

~ Parker, J. C. 
Paterson, Capt. 
Peal, S, E. 
Pearson, J. T. 
Pemberton, Dr. 
People’s Park, Madras. 
Peppé, J. C. 
Phayre, Sir Arthur P. 
Philips, H. 
Phipson, H. M. 
Pierre, H. P. 
Pollock, Major F. T. 
Pritchard, Dr. 


R 


Raffles, Sir Stamford 
Rich, J. G. 
Roepstorff, F. A. de 
Rogerson, W. _ 
Rollo, Capt. Roger 
Ross, J 

Roy, Babu H, M. 
Ruppell, Dr. E. 
Rutledge, William 
Ryan, E. B. 


S) 


Sanders, Surgn.-maj. R. C. 


Sanderson, G. P. 
Sanyal, Babu R. B. 
Saxon, Mrs. 
Scholefield, Capt, 
Schwendler, Louis 
Scone, Dr. 

Scott, Dr. David 

Scully, Surgn.-maj. John 
Shaw, Babu Pran Kissen 


vill 


Shaw, W. B. 

Shawe, T. 

Shepperd, W. W. 
Sherwill, Major W. S. 
Shillingford, Alexander 
Shillingford, G. W. 
Shillingford, J. 
Shillingford, J. L. 


- Shopland, E. R. 


Simmons, J. F. 
Simson, F.B. 
Sinha, Genl. Bhina 


’ Skipwith, T. 


Sladen, Sir Percy 
Smith, Dr. Boser 
Smith, E. F. 

Smith, W. M. 

Smyth, Capt. E. 
Sparkes, Major T. P. 
Speke, Capt. J. H. 
Stalkart, W. 

Stewart, Dr. 

Stewart, L. C. 

St. John, Sir Oliver, B. C, 
Stockholm Museum. 
Stoliczka, Dr. Ferdinand 
Stone, S. J. 

Storr, M. de 

Strackey, Genl. Richard 
Strickland, H. E. 
Struthers, J. 

Swinhoe, Robert 
Sydney Institution. 
Sykes, Lt.-Col. W. H. 


T 


Taylor, W. C. 
Templeton, Dr. R. 
Theobald, W. 
Thomas, Capt. J. N. 
Thorburn, Dr. 
Tickell, Major S. R. 
Tonnerre, Dr. 
Turnbull, Major 
Turnbull, Mr. 
Turner, A. W. 


Tweedale, Marquis of 
Tytler, Lt.-Col. R. C. 


Vv 


Vidal, G. W. 
Vierre, H. P. 


W 


Wakefield, G. E. 
Waller, Dr. 

Wallich, Dr. Nathaniel 
Ward, H. A. 
Waterhouse, Col. J. 
Watson, E. A. 
Weekes, A. 


Westmacott, E. V. 
Whitwell, W. 

Wicks, G. H. 
Williams, Dr. C. 
Williamson, Capt. 
Wilson, F. 

Wombell’s Menagerie. 


Wood-Mason, James 


Y 
Yate, Major C. E. 
Young, Dr. 

Zz 


Zoological Gardens. 


SYSTEMATIC INDEX ANI) SUMMARY OF SPECIES 
AND SPECIMENS. 


NuMBER OF SPECIMENS, 


Asiatic | Indian Page. 
Soc. | Mus. | Total, 
Coll. Coll. 
Order RODENTIA. 
Sub-order SIMPLICIDENTATA., 
Division SCIURIMORPHA. 
Family Scrurip&. 
1 Sciurus bicolor 10 17 27 7 
2 Sciurus gigantess. 3 39 42 8 
3 Sciurus indicus 8 19 27 to 
4 Sciurus macrourus ° 3 12 I 
5 Sciurus pygerythrus 4 14 18 11 
6 Sciurus blanfordi 1 t 2 12 
7 Sciurus phayrei 4 I 5 12 
8 Sciurus griseimanus fe) 2 2 12 
Q Sciurus caniceps . 6 29 35 13 
to Sciurus atrodorsalis 5 47 52 15 
y£ Sciurus erythrzus 5 45 50 15 
12 Sciurus castaneoventris 2 ° 2 17 
13 Sciurus sladeni 2 3 5 18 
14 Sciurus hippurus 2 1 3 18 
15 Sciurus lokroides 1 66 77 18 
16 Sciurus chinensis fe) 1 1 19 
17 Sciurus tenuis 1 2 3 20 
18 Sciurus lokriah 5 10 15 20 
19 Sciurus rufigenis co) ° ° 20 
20 Sciurus alstoni to) I 1 21 
21 Sciurus melanotis ° I 1 21 
22 Sciurus quinquestria‘us ° 4 4 at 
23 Sciurus ferrugineus 5 5 Io 22 
24 Sciurus germani . Co) I I 22 
25 Sciurus badging . 7 9 16 23 
26 Sciurus prevostii 3 7 10 23 
27 Sciurus palmarum 3 11 14 24 
28 Sciurus tristiatus 8 13 21 25 
29 Sciurus sublineatus 3 oO 3 20 
30 Sciurus layardi I ° I 20 
31 Sciurus berdmorei 3 2 5 26 
32 Scivrus macclellandi 4 37 41 27 
33 Sciurus insignis ° I I 28 


xii 


INDEX. 


34 
35 
36 


68 


69 
qo 
71 


Family Scrurip“—contd. 


Sciurus vulgaris . 
Sciurus fulvus. z 
Sciurus carolinensis 
Sciurus niger e 
Sciurus hudsonius 
Sciurus annulatus 
Rhinosciurus laticaudatus 
Tamias striatus 

Xerus rutilus 

Xerus erythropus 
Xerus capensis 
Pteromys oral 5 
Pteromys cineraceus . 
Pteromys alborufus 
Pteromys yunnanensis . 
Pteromys magnificus 
Pteromys albiventer 
Pteromys caniceps 
Pteromys nitidus 
Sciuropterus fimbriatus 
Sciuropterus alboniger . 
Sciuropterus pearsoni . 
Sciuropterus fuscocapillus 
Sciuropterus sagitta 
Sciuropterus spadaceus 
Sciuropterus volucelia . 
Eupetaurus cineraceus . 
Arctomys himalayanus. . 
Arctomys hodgsoni 
Arctomys caudatus 
Arctomys aureus . . 
Arctomys dichrous 
Arctomys marmota 
Arctomys monax 


Family Castoripa, 
Castor fiber . . 


Division MYOMORPHA, 


Family Myoxipa, 
Myoxus pictus : 
Myoxus glis 2 ; 
Muscardinus avellenariu 


NumeBer oF SPECIMENS, 


Asiatic 
Soc. 
Coll, 


Indian 
Mus, 
Coll. 


Total. 


Page, 


COM OHM HNOOWROUNDH NHN HRORNHNHOOOHOH OH OR 


=~ oO 


VHH AGORA YD HODOABDIOAYO AUD DOLOWOHOHQHH 


Hor 


- 


- 
Behe RRO NHN DAH BH 


_ 


~ 


NKWOAINANHNHMAA OW O ON QOoONA 


45 
45 


INDEX. 


xii 


Family Muripa&. 


72 Hydromys chrysogaster 

73 Hydromys fulvolarvatus 

74 Hydromys leucogaster 

75 Platacanthomys lasiurus 

76 Gerbillus indicus, 

977 Gerbillus cuvieri . 

78 Gerbillus persicus 

79 Gerbillus erythrurus 

80 Gerbillus meridianus 

81 Gerbillus hurrianz 

82 Gerbillus nanus 

83 Gerbillus gleadowi ‘ 

84 Gerbillus swinhoei : ‘ ‘ 
85 Gerbillus pyramidarum , ‘i 
86 Gerbillus obesus . ; ‘ 
87 Isomys variegatus 

88 Nesokia hardwickii 3 

89 Nesokia scullyi 

90 Nesokia bengalensis 

gt Nesokia kok : 

92 Nesokia bandicota 

93 Nesokia nemorivagus . 

94 Nesokia sp? 

95 Mus decumanus . : 
96 Mus bowersii - . . : 
97 Musrattus . 

98 Mus alexandrinus 

99 Mus nitidus . . 

1oo Mus rufescens ri 5 

Mus andamanensis 

1o2 Mus rubricosa ‘ 

103 Mus concolor 


104 Musfulvescens . 

105 Mus jerdoni 

106 Mus niviventer . 

107 Mus humei . . y ‘ ; 
108 Muserythrotis  . : : 3 


109 Mus blanfordi ‘ ‘ 

110 Mus berdmorei_ . : . 

Mus urbanus é ; . 

Mus sublimis P ‘ ‘ ‘ 
Mus bactrianus . ‘ ; . 
114 Mus cervicolor 

Mus arianus 

116 Mus nitulidus , 

117 Mus mettada 2 $ 

118 Mus gleadowi 


NuMBER OF SPECIMENS. 
Asiatic | Indian Page. 

Soc, Mus, | Total, 

Coll, Coll, 

I ° I 45 
1 4 5| 46 
° I I 46 
4 22 26 46 
6 26 32 47 
10 23 33 47 
° 3 3 49 
o. 7 7 49 
° 13 13 50 
fo) 40 40 50 
o 9 9 51 
° 2 2 52 
fo) fe) ° 52 
fo) 2 2 52 
I ° I 52 
fe) 1 r 53 
° 37 37 53 
° 3 3 53 
8| 97} 105] 53 
3 \2 15 53 
3 22 25 57 
co) 4 4| 58 
fo) I I 59 
8| 47] 55] o1 
° 1 I 62 
5 6 Il 62 
fe) 19 19 62 
9 39 48) 63 
«| 24] 133 | 157 63 
3 2 8 10 63 
: 0 1 1 68 
a 4 20 24 68 
a 2 fo) 2 69 
‘ 1 11 12 69 
; ° ° ° 70 
5 ° I 1 70 
: 1 6 7 70 
. ° 2 2 70 
‘ I fe) I 71 
; 5| 89] o4] 7 
: ° I I 73 
. 5 52 57 74 
. 3 7 Io 75 
: (o) 16 16 75 
. te) 13 13 76 
fo} 17 17 76 
2 3 3 77 


xiv 


INDEX. 


Family Murip& — contd. 


Mus wagneri ‘ 

Mus muscuius : . 
Mus sylvaticus 

Mus minutus 

Mus abyssinicus . 

Mus pumelio 

Mus longipilis 

Mus assimilis 

Mus gouldi . 

Leggada platythrix 
Leggada buduga . A 
Chiropodomys gliroides 
Hapalomys longicaudatus 
Vandeleuria oleracea 
Golunda ellioti 

Uromys macropus 
Hapalotis apicalis 
Hapalotis conditor 
Hapalotis mitchelli 
Hesperomys leucopus 
Cricetus pheus . . 
Cricetomys gambianus , 
Fiber zibethicus 
Arvicola glareolus 
Arvicola stoliczkanus 
Arvicola stracheyi 
Arvicola wynnei . 
Arvicola roylei 

Arvicola blanfordi . 
Arvicola blythi . ‘ 
Arvicola amphibius 
Arvicola nivalis 
Arvicola agrestis . 
Arvicola guentheri i 
Arvicola sikkimensis . ‘ 
Hypudzus lemnus 
Ellobius fuscocapillus . 


Family SpaLacip&. 


Spalax typhlus. : x 
Rhizomys sumatrensis . é 
Rhizomys erythrogenys . 
Rhizomys pruinosus. : 
Rhizomys badius . 
Bathyergus maritimus . 
Bathyergus splendens . 


NuMBER OF SPECIMENS. 


Asiatic 
Soc. 
Coll, 


_ 
ON OnoOMVNnH-NOOONO-HONO 


a 


OW DWN LW 


PHNOONHKFHYK OOH OO MeO 


Indian Page. 
Mus. | Total. 
Coll, 

‘14 14 77 
4 6; 78 
6 9] 73 
fo) I 73 
3 3| 78 
fo) 2 79 
1 I 79 
2 é 79 
2 2 79 
5 10 to 

44) 55| 80 
2 5 82 
I 3 82 

21 24 83 
7 12| 83 
2 2 84 
° e 84 
2 2 84 
1 3 &5 
3 3} 85 

so} 5o0| 85 
I I 87 
3 4| 87 
[o} 8 89 
2 2 89 
1 1 go 
2 3 go 
1 I GI 
5 5 gt 
6 7 gt 
6 8 92 
fe) 1 g2 
1 3 92 
1 I 93 
I I 93 
fo) 2 93 
4 8| 94 
I 4 94 
6 10 cs 
4 5| 6 

23 26 95 

17 23 97 
a 3 98 
3 3] 98 


INDEX. XV 
Numeer oF SPECIMENS. . 
Asiatic | Indian Page. 
Soc. Mus, | Total. 
Coll. Coll, 
Family SpaLacipa&—contd, 
163 Georychus ccecutiens . 3 fo) 3 98 
164 Georychus capensis. ‘ ‘ 1 oO I 99 
Family GeomyID&, 
165 Geomys bursarius ‘ . . fo) 2 2 99 
Family ZAPoDIDA. 
166 Zapus hudsonius . . ° 1 I 99 
Family Dipopip&. 
167 Dipuslagopus . . Co) 7 7 {| 100 
168 Dipus blanfordi . . a . ° 1 1 100 
169 Dipus jaculus). i; . . I 5 6 | “100 
170 Alactaga decumanas. a . fo) I 1 101 
171 Alactaga indica . . . - I 2 3 101 
Division HYSTRICOMORPHA. 
Family OcTODONTIDA, 
172 Pectinator spekii . . : F i 12 13} ‘101 
173 Schizodon fuscus . . ‘ ° 1% I] -102 
174 Spalacopus peeppigii . 1 ° I 102 
175 Octodon degus . . I ° I} 103 
Family HystRicip@. 
176 Synetheres prehensilis : oO I I 103 
177 Erethizon,dorsatus ° 2 2 103 
178 Atherura macroura 3 3 6| 104 
179 Atherura africana oO I 1 104 
180 Hystrix cristata . o 1 I 105 
181 Hystrix leucurus . : ¢ 7 8 1s 105 
182 Hystrix longicauda ei : 3 9 9 18 | 106 
183 Hystrix yunnanensis  . . . fo) I 1 107 
Family CHINCHILLIDA. . 
184 Lagostomus trichodactylus . . fo) I I 108 
185 Coelogenys paca . - . . 4 3 7 | 108 
Family CAvibp&. 
186 Cavia porcellus . i . . 1 4 5 | 109 
187 Cavia australis. . . 1 ° 1} 10) 
188 Hydrocheerus capybara. ’ . I I 2] 109 


xvi 


INDEX. 


Sub-order DUPLICIDENTATA. 


Family Lacomyip&. 


189 Lagomys ladaccensis 
190 Lagomys macrotis 
191 Lagomys rufescens 
192 Lagomys roylei 


Family Leporipa. 


193 Lepus hypsibius . 
194 Lepus pallipes 

195 Lepus tibetanus 
196 Lepus pamirensis 
197 Lepus stoliczkanus 
198 Lepus yarkandensis 
199 Lepus dayanus 
200 Lepus ruficaudatus 
201 Lepus nigricollis . 
202 Lepus peguensis . 
203 Lepussinensis  . 
204 Lepus hispidus 
205 Lepus europzus 
206 Lepus cuniculus . 
207 Lepus timidus 

208 Lepus egyptius . 
209 Lepus tigrensis 
210 Lepus capensis . 
211 Lepus saxatilis . 
212 Lepus americanus 
213 Lepus sylvaticus 
214 Lepus callotis 


Order UNGULATA. 
Sub-order ARTIODACTYLA. 


Family Bovina. 


1 Bos gaurus ‘ 
2 Bos frontalis * 
3 Bossondaicus , 
4 Bos grunniens . 
5 Bos bubalus 

6 Bos depressicornis 
7 Bos caffer . 

8 Bos americanus 

9 Bos taurus . ° 


Number or SPECIMENS. 


Asiatic 
Soc. 
Coll. 


Indian 
Mus, 
Coll, 


Total. 


Page, 


Ano- 


COCO HR OOON KF NNKWMHK OTC OOO & 


COONONWNMUN ©} 


14 
2 


_ 


a 


HOW OOWNHWOOMODANAPONHNH ON 


_ 


~ 
WQWRrhOWUMNNN 


ro 


iol 


HOW eR MONON BND HO NMWOND = COD 


bo = eb 
HQHOwoWROWONNM 


110 
T1o 
Ill 
112 


113 
114 
114 
114 
115 
115 
115 
116 
116 
117 
117 
117 
118 
118 
118 
119 
119 
119 
120 
120 
120 
120 


INDEX. xvil 


NumBer OF SPECIMENS. 


Asiatic | Indian Page, 
Soc, Mus, | Total, 
Coll, Coll, 
Family Bovipz—contd. 

10 Ovis poli . ‘ “ F 14 16 | 133 
11 Ovis hodgsoni . . ‘ . 6 rn} 136 
12 Ovis canadensis . a . r 2 2) 137 
13 Ovis cycloceros . . ‘ . 9 14] 138 
14 Ovis vignei q . . 3 1 2 139 
15 Ovis gmelini ‘ ‘ 5 ; 4 6 139 
16 Ovis nahoor ‘ a ¥ I 15 27 140 
17 Ovis tragelaphus f . I 1 141 
18 Capra zgagrus . . . : 13 14] 142 
19 Capra siberica . ¥ : ¥ 17 20 143 
20 Capra sinaitica . % ‘ . 144 
2t Capra falconeri . . ‘ : 145 
22 Capra jemlaica . : ‘ . 146 
23 Capra hylocrius , . : . 146 
24 Capra hircus : Z 4 147 


25 Nemorhezedus goral 

26 Nemorhzedus caudatus 
27 Nemorhedus bubalina 
28 Nemorhzdus sumatrensis 
29 Rupicapra tragus . 
30 Haploceros montanus « 
31 Budorcas taxicolor . 
32 Oreas canna * - 
33 Strepsiceros kudu . 
34 Strepsiceros imberbis . 
35 Tragelaphus sylvaticus 
36 Boselaphus tragocamelus 
37 Oryx gazella . . 
38 Oryx beisa 3 . 
39 Oryx beatrix . . 
40 Oryx leucoryx . 
41 Hippotragus equinus . 
42 Gazelladorcas , a 
43 Gazella isabella . . 
44 Gazella spekii . % 
45 Gazellaarabica . r 


- 
RAN ORL CNW 
& 


“ 


. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
e 
. 
. 
. 
. 
“ 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 


om 

PHHNVG HO HOWKGovbbandaepaepaown 
ie 
nn 
los) 


Qn 
ReKRMhOCHHUMUBRNHNOORHROHDORONHNOKBO MD DWORHOUA HYG 


46 Gazella bennettii 

47 Gazella fuscifrons 

48 Gazella subgutturosa 
49 Gazella picticaudata 
50 Gazella seemmeringi 
51 Gazella euchore . 
52 Antilope cervicapra 
53 Pantholops hodgsoni 
54 Kobus ellipsiprymnus 
55 Cervicapra arundinacea : 
56 Neotragus saltianus . - . 


ey 


- 


~ 
SCODHOHKOWROHMNDOHONHOMNIDO KR HNOONTOR ROUND OWHONDHDHMNONDND 


~ 
iS) 


- 
iol 


XViii INDEX. 


Number oF Specimens, 
Asiatic] Indian Page. 
Soc. Mus, | Total, 
Coll, Coll, 
Family Bovipz—contd. 
56 Neotragus kirkii . . . . . 1 ° 1| 166 
57 Nanotragus tragulus . . a 1 fo) 1| 166 
§8 Nanotragus montanus . . . ce) I 1} 166 
59 Nanotragus melanotis . a ‘ I (o) I 167 
60 Nanotragus oreotragus ‘ ‘: 2 2 4} 167 
61 Cephalophus mergens . . : 1 ° 1} 167 
62 Cephalophus natalensis . i . I ° 1} 168 
63 Cephalophus mandoqua . o 2 2] 168 
64 Tetraceros quadricornis . 5 a 9 ia 20] 168 
65 AZpyceros melampus . I ° 1| 169 
66 Alcephelus caama a I I 2] 170 
67 Connochetes gnu ‘ 7 ‘ : ° 3 3] 170 
Family ANTILOCAPRIDE. 
68 Antilocapra americana : 7 . oO 4 4] 171 
Family GriraFFIDA. 
69 Giraffa camelopardalis ‘ >. é 1 6 7\ 1491 
Family Cervipa. 

70 Moschus moschiferus . . : ‘ 5 13 18] 172 
71 Cervus muntjac . 5 3 ‘ 10 19 29] 173 
72 Cervus reevesi . ‘i ‘ ‘ I I 2] 174 
73 Cervus aristotelis 2 : 36 27 63] 176 
74 Cervus swinhoei 2 ‘ fo} 1 1| 178 
75 Cervus porcinus : . . 20 19 39 | 178 
76 Cervus hippelaphus . . 9 3 12] 179 
77 Cervus duvauceli ; ‘i ‘i e 19 10 20 179 
78 Cervus schomburgki . . . i 1 1 2} 180 
79 Cervus eldi 5 : 3 . é 14 2 10 | 180 
80 Cervus axis : 16 14 go | 181 
81 Cervus dybowskii : ‘ Fi fo) I 1 | 182 
82 Cervus sika ‘ ; ‘ . : fo) I 1 183 
83 Cervus taévanus . . . ; I fo) 1] 183 
84 Cervus elaphus . - . . : 5 2 7 | 183 
85 Cervus eustephanus F 7 Fi o I zr} 184 
86 Cervus affinis . 5 a 2 4 6 | 184 
87 Cervus cashmeerianus . Z fo) 8 8} 184 
88 Cervus canadensis. : : 1 5 6| 185 
89 Cervusdama , : . 8 5 13 | 186 
90 Alces machlis_. . . : . 2 2 4| 186 
91 Capreolus caprzea 7 3 10 | 187 
o2 Cariacus virginianus  , . F 3 5 8] 187 
93 Rangifer tarandus ; ‘ 5 2 3 5 188 


INDEX. xix 


NuMBER OF SPECIMENS. 
é “ Page. 
Asiatic | Indian 
Soc. Mus, | Total. 
Coll. Coll, 
Family TracuLipa. 
94 Tragulus memminna . $ 2 9 11] 189 
95 Tragulus kanchil 5 24 29 | 189 
96 Tragulus napu F . : . 2 9 i 190 
97 Tragulus stanleyanus . . 7 . ° 8 8] rot 
Family CAMELIDa. 
98 Camelus bactrianus . : . ‘ 3 3 | 191 
99 Camelus dromedarius . z : : I 6 7 | 192 
too Auchenia glama . . . . . I 8 9 | 192 
Family Suipaz. 
1o1 Sus cristatus ‘ . . - : 18 12 30 | 193 
102 Sus andamanensis . : : ‘ 18 7 25 | 105 
103 Sus scrofa . ‘ ‘ F 5 : I 2 3] 105 
104 Porcula salvania . . é 5 fo) 13 13| 195 
105 Babyrussa alfurus ‘ : : : 2 I 3] 196 
Family DicotyLipa. 
106 Dicotylus tajacu . . . : . I 2 3 | 196 
Family PHACOCH@RIDA. 
107 Phacochcerus zthiopicus . i ¥ 2 fo} 2 107 
108 Phacocheerus africanus < . 7 ° 2 2) 197 
Family HtppopoTAMIDA, 
109 Hippopotamus amphibius . ; é 4 1 5 | 197 
Sub-order PERISSODACTYLA. 
° Family Tapirip#&. 
110 Tapirus indicus . : . . . 4 8 12 | 198 
Family Equip. 
111 Equus hzemionus var. indicus . é I 4 5] 198 
112 Equus hemionus var. kiang - ; . 4 1 8] 199 
113 Equus burchelli . 3 . . ‘ o 2 2] 200 
114 Equus asinus. : . . i 1 2 3 | 200 
115 Equus caballus . - 5 . . 9 9 18 | 200 


xX INDEX. 


NumBer oF Specimens, 


Asiatic | Indian Page, 
ic. Mus. | Total, 
Coll, | Coll. 
Family RHINOCEROTIDA. 

116 Rhinoceros unicornis . . . . 5 12 17 | 202 
117 Rhinoceros sondaicus . . . . 6 16 22 | 202 
118 Rhinoceros lasiotis . ; . . ° {e) Oo} 204 
119 Rhinoceros sumatrensis : . . 7 11 18 | 204 
120 Rhinoceros bicornis  . . . * 2 fe) 2] 205 
121 Rhinoceros simus . . . . 1 ° 1] 206 


Order PROBOSCIDEA. 
Family ELEPHANTIDA, 


Elephas indicus . . . . . 9 24 33 | 206 
2 Elephas africanus . . . . I 3 4} 208 


Order HYRACOID. 
Family Hyracipaz, 


Hyrax capensis . F . i . 8 ° 8} 208 
Hyrax brucei 3 . . . . I 9 10 | 209 


Dw 


Order CARNIVORA, 

Sub-order FISSIPEDIA. 

Division AELUROIDEA. 
Family Fevipa. 


1 Felisleo . P ‘ # . 4 9 13 | 214 
2 Felis tigris . . . . . E 10 20 30 | 216 
3 Felis uncia . : . . . : I 7 8 | 217 
4 Felis pardus s : . F : 6 28 34} 218 
5 Felis nebulosa . ‘ . . 2 5 7 | 220 
6 Felis marmorata . : . . . 2 7 Q| 221 
7 Felis temmincki . . . . ‘ oO 5 5 | 222 
8 Felis planiceps  . 3 . . . I 2 3 | 222 
9 Felis bengalensis , ‘ . 2 ° 5 31 30 | 323 
Jo Felis viverrina . . . ‘ 3 10 13} 225 
11 Felis rubiginosa . . . . ‘i o 5 5 | 225 
12 Felis manul : : ‘ : o oO o| 226 
12 Felis ornata . . . ‘ . 3 17 20] 226 
13 Felisshawiana . . . . . to) 3 3 | 227 
14 Felis chaus . . . . . 7 30 37 | 227 
15 Feliscaudata. e . . . oO 1 1 | 229 
16 Felis lynx . ‘ ; . . . 7 5 12 | 229 
17 Felis caracal . . . : : I 8 9 | 230 
18 Felis concolor . . . . . 1 3 4| 230 


INDEX. xxi 


NumMBeR OF SPECIMENS, 


Astatic| Indian Page. 
Soc. Mus, | Total, 
Coll, Coll 
Family Feripa—contd, 
19 Felis yagonaroundi . - . . ° 1 1 | 231 
20 Felis pardalis . . . . I I 2] 23t 
21 Felis serval. P . i . . 1 fo) 1 | 231 
22 Felis caffra . é e ‘ . . 2 me) 2| 232 
23 Felis catus . . . é “ 7 1 fo) 1 | 232 
24 Felis pardina . ‘ . : ° I 1 | 232 
25 Felis canadensis . . ; . . ° 4 4] 232 
26 Felis rufa. . . . 7 1 2 3 | 233 
27 Felis domestica . . ‘1 . . 8 6 14 | 233 
28 Cynzlurus jubatus F ‘ : : 2 6 8] 235 
Family ViveRRIDA. 

29 Viverra zibetha . : A : A 4 9 13] 236 
30 Viverra civettina : . i 1 3 4 | 237 
31 Viverra megaspila - 7 . fo} o O| 237 
32 Viverratangalanga . 3 . . 2 vi 9} 237 
33 Viverracivetta , f . . . to) I 1| 238 
34 Viverricula malaccensis . é 12 13 25 | 238 
35 Prionodon maculosus . f . . oO fo) to) 239 
36 Prionodon pardicolor , 8 ‘ 7 3 4 7 | 240 
37 Genetta vulgaris . . é : 1 ° 1 | 240 
38 Genettatigrina . ° . . 2 ° 2 | 240 
39 Hemigale hardwickii . . . . 1 ° 1 | 241 
4o Arctogale trivirgata . . . . fo) I 1| 241 
41 Arctogale leucotis ‘ A ; . 6 3 11 | 241 
42 Paradoxurus hermaphroditus . ‘ o 15 15 | 243 
43 Paradoxurus strictus . é é 7 {o} 4 4| 244 
44 Paradoxurns niger . P F ‘ 6 16 22 | 244 
45 Paradoxurus macrodus, : . . 4 2 6 | 246 
46 Paradoxurus jerdoni . . 2 fo) I 1 | 246 
47 Paradoxurus aureus . é : < 3 1 4] 247 
48 Paradoxurus grayi ngs, AS F 5 9 15 24 | 247 
49 Paradoxurus leucomystax . ‘ a 3 3 6} 248 
50 Paradoxurus laniger e ‘ < ° ° o| 249 
51 Arctictis binturong . . . . 3 1o 13| 249 
52 Cynogale bennetti . . . . I I 2] 250 
53 Eupleres goudoti . . . ° 2 2| 250 
54 Herpestes auropunctatus . * . 9 24 33 | 251 
55 Herpestes birmanicus . . . . I 3 4] 252 
56 Herpestes mungo ‘“ F ‘ . 5 18 23] 253 
57 Herpestes ferrugineus . . . . 1 2 3 | 254 
58 Herpestes smithi 2 . ° : I 2 3) 254 
59 Herpestes fuscus . ‘ . . . I ° 1 | 255 
60 Herpestes fulvescens . i . . 2 1 3] 255 
61 Herpestes brachyurus . . . . 2 1 3| 255 
62 Herpestes vitticollis . ‘ . . 3 2 5 | 256 


xxii INDEX. 


NuMBER OF SPECIMENS, 


Asiatic| Indian Page. 
Soe. Mus, | Total, 
Coll. | Coll. 
Family VivErRIDZ—contd. 
63 Herpestes urva . a § . . 2 6 8] 256 
64 Herpestes caffer . . . 3 . 2 I 3) 256 
65 Herpestes galera ‘ ‘ . . I ° 1 | 257 
66 Herpestes gracilis a ‘ . . oO 4 4] 257 
67 Crossarchus fasciatus . e f . I I 2] 258 
Family PRoTELIDA. 
68 Proteles cristatus F a . E 1 fo) 1] 258 


Family Hy£nipa. 


69 Hyzna striata. . . . : 4 17 21 | 258 
jo Hyznacrocuta . . é . . I I 2) 259 


Division CYNOIDEA. E, 
Family Canipa. 


71 Cuon dukhunensis . . . . 5 10 15 | 260 
72 Cuon alpinus ‘ . . . I fe) 1] 261 
73 Canis lupus. . . . . fo) 11 11 | 262 
74 Canis laniger z: c 3 . 7 2 9] 262 
75 Canis pallipes . “oe : 2 20 22 | 263 
76 Canislagopus . . . . . 2 3 5 | 264 
77 Canis aureus . F . . 9 20 29} 264 
78 Canis mesomelas . > 3 . 2 fo) I 1 | 266 
79 Canis variegatus . . . * . 1 1 2| 266 
80 Canis procyonides . 7 . oO I 1 | 266 
81 Canis familiaris . : * : . 7 14 21} 266 
82 Canis dingo : : . - 2 2 4 | 266 
83 Vulpes alopex . 3 . ei . 5 ° 5| 268 
84 Vulpes fulvus ‘ - . . I 2 3 | 268 
85 Vulpes montanus . " , ‘ 6 43 49 | 268 
86 Vulpes leucopus . . : F 7 16 23.) 270 
87 Vulpes bengalensis  . . . 6 19 25 | 271 
88 Vulpes ferrilatus . é . . . 3 ° 3 | 272 
89 Vulpes cana : ‘ . . ° oO Oo} 272 
90 Vulpescaama . . . . . I ° 1} 273 
ot Vulpes virginiana . . . < I o 1] 273 


Division ARCTOIDEA. 
Family MUSTELIDA. 


92 Mustela flavigula . . 2 : 7 19 26] 273 
93 Mustela martes . . . . . 1 2 3] 274 


INDEX, 


94 


134 
135 
136 


Family MusteLipa—contd. 


Mustela foina ‘ 
Mustela zibellina 
Mustela pennanti 
Mustela americana 
Putorius fcetidus 
Putorius furio . 
Putorius larvatus 
Putorius sarmaticus 
Putorius erminea 
Putorius vulgaris 
Putorius stoliczkanus 


Putorius subhemachalanus 


Putorius canigula 
Putorius alpinus . 
Putorius kathiah . 
Putorius strigidorsus 
Putorius sibericus 
Putorius vison. 
Gulo luscus ‘ 
Galictis barbara . 
Galictis vittata . 
Ictonyx zorilla  . 
Helictis orientalis 
Helictis personata 
Helictis moschata 
Mellivora indica . 
Meles taxus 7 
Meles lencura ; 
Meles sp. . a 
Mydaus meliceps 
Arctonyx collaris 
Arctonyx taxoides 
Mephitis mephitica 
Lutra vulgaris 
Lutra ellioti 

Lutra aurobrunnea 
Lutra leptonyx . 
Lutra canadensis 
Lutra brasiliensis 
Enhydra lutris 


. . 


Family PRocyonipDz 


Procyon lotor . 
Nasua rufa 
Nasua nasica . 


137 Cercoleptes caudivolvulu 


ee er 


NuMBER oF SPECIMENS, 


Asiatic | Indian 
Soc. Mus. 
Coll, Coll. 


Total 


Page, 


- 
“‘ 
bo 


bWOONM = we DD 


~ 


il 
PUNY H KR RK OW NUNHNNDHA NOD DH AN NH DIO 


COSMO SD MNONDIOOKHHROHROH OOH HNDONOOHNO MMNEOHHOOMN 


59 


nf 
Nes OOnnFODK"ONMNHKOKRD HEH DYDONDMMNNNNHAADOANHHO 


_ 


“Orn 
ew Pn” 
ys AO 


XXIV 


INDEX. 


Family PRocyonipz—contd. 


138 Aelurus fulgens 
139 Aeluropus melanoleucus 


Family Ursipa, 


140 Ursus isabellinus 
141 Ursus pruinosus . 
142 Ursus torquatus . 
143 Ursus malayanus. 
144 Ursus arctos e 
145 Ursus japonicas . 
146 Ursus americanus 
147 Ursus maritimus . 
148 Melursus ursinus 


oe ee ee ewe 


re ee ee 
. 


Sub-order PJNNIPEDIA. 
Family TRICHECHIDA. 


149 Trichechus rosmarus 


Family PHocipa. 


150 Phoca vitulina . 
151 Phoca greenlandica 
152 Phoca barbata 


153 Stenorhynchus carcinophagus . 


154 Cystophora cristata . 
155 Macrorhinus leoninus . 


Order CETACEA. 
Sub-order MYSTACOCETI. 
Family BALaN'DA, 


Balzena australis . . 
Balzna mysticetus . 
Balznoptera indica. 
Balznoptera blythi 
Balznoptera edeni 


OABWK = 


. . 


Sub-order ODONTOCETI, 
Family PHyseTeRIDA. 


6 Physeter macrocephalus 
7 Kogia breviceps . . 


NuMBER OF SPECIMENS, 
Asiatic | Indian Page, 
Soc, Mus. | Total. 
Coll. | Coll, 

° a1 21 { 300 

° I 301 

6 11 17] 302 

I I 2) 302 

2 15 17 | 303 

3 12 15] 304 

2 3 6| 304 

to) I 1] 305 

1 I 2] 305 

2 2 4] 305 

12 9 21 | 306 

3 I 4] 307 

I ° 1} 307 

2 fe) 2] 308 

I ° 1] 308 

° 1 1 | 308 

3 oO 3} 309 

1 ° Tj} 309 

1 re) I 312 

1 fo) 1 | 312 

1 I 2/ 313 

oO 1 I 314 

o 3 3} 314 

4 3 7{ 3'4 

fo) fe) Oo} 315 


INDEX. 


Family PLATANISTIDA. 


8 Platanista gangetica  . 


Family DgLeHINIDA, 


9 Monodon monoceras . 
to Delphinapterus leucas 
t1 Phoczena communis 

12 Neomeris phocenoides 
13 Orcella brevirostris 2 
14 Orcella fluminalis 3 
15 Globicephalus melas. 
16 Globicephalus indicus . 
17 Lagenorhynchus acutus 
18 Lagenorhynchus electra 
1g Delphinus delphis 

20 Delphinus frithi . . 
21 Delphinus pomeegra 
22 Delphinus longirostris 
23 Tursiops tursio . s 
24 Tursiops perniger . 
25 Prodelphinus obscurus 
26 Prodelphinus attenuatus 
27 Steno rostratus . 7 
28 Sotalia gadamu . : 
29 Sotalia plumbea . . 
30 Sotalia lentigenosa 


Order SIRENIA. 


Family Haticorip@. 


1 Halicore dugong 3 
2 Halicore australis . 


Order EDENTATA. 
Family BRADYPODIDA. 


1 Cholopus didactylus . 
2 Cholopus hoffmanni . 


Family MyRMECOPHAGID. 


3 Myrmecophaga jubata 


XXV 
| Number or SPECIMENS, 
Asiatic | Indian Page. 
Soc. Mus. | Totat, 

Coll, Coll. 
6) 27| 33 | 315 
1 1 2] 317 
1 ° 1} 317 
3 A) 3 | 317 
I 1 2| 318 
2 9 mt {- 318 
° 3 3 | 319 
i ° 1 319 
5 1 3] 319 
1 fo) I 32U 
° ° o | 321 
1 2 3 | 321 
I ° 1 322 
° oO o | 322 
° ° o| 322 
2 1 3 | 323 
1 oO I 323 
1 1 2) 324 
6 ° 6 | 324 
2 1 3 | 324 
1 ° I 325 
oO fe) o| 325 
fo) ° o | 325 
2 6 8] 326° 
° 2 2| 4327 
° I I 328 
o} I 1 | 328 
1 ° 1 328 


XXvi 


INDEX. 


Oo ON ANAHW HH 


Family DasypopIpz&. 


Macropus billardieri 
Macropus brachyurus 
Petrogale xanthopus 
Petrogale penicillata 
Onychogale frenata 


Tatusia novemcincta . . 
Dasypus sexcinctus . . 
Family Manip. 
Manis pentadactyla_. ° 
Manis aurita : 2 . 
Manis javanica . : . 
Family OrycTEROPODIDa. 
Orycteropus capensis . . 
Order MARSUPIALIA. 
Family Macropopipay 
Macropus giganteus : 
Macropus rufus . . . 
Macropus ualabatus  . . 
Macropus ruficollis . . 
Macropus bennettii . . 
Macropus dorsalis @ . 
Macropus agilis . . 
Macropus thetidis : 
Macropus eugenii 3 


oe © ewe we 


Onychogale lunata 2 . 
Dorcopsis mulleri 
Lagostrophus fasciatus . 
Aepyprymnus rufescens ‘i 
Bettongia cuniculus . . 
Bettongia penicillata . 
Bettongia lesueuri . : 
Family PHALANGERIDA. 
Tarsipes rostratus * A 
Acrobates pygmzus  . 
Dromicia nana. : . 
Petaurus australis bs i" 
Petaurus breviceps ‘ * 


Petauroides volans 


eS 


oe ee 


NumBer OF SPECIMENS, 


Indian 
Mus. 
Coll. 


Toran. 


Page. 


AW a 


COKFOOKRONORKOONDOOW OR OW 


NONOHO 


PNOKFNOHWHNAGCHWHN OCH Rh OWNWNUMN 


NANA ee 


31 
11 


PNK HD ROW DN ROOD HOOD M 


Ce oe 


329 
329 


330 
330 
331 


332 


333 
333 
333 
334 
334 
334 
334 
335 
335 

*335 
335 
336 
336 
336 
337 
337 
337 
338 
3:8 
338 
338 


339 
339 
339 
340 
340 
340 


—e 


INDEX. XXV 
Number oF Specimens, 
Asiatic | Indian Page. 
Soc. Mus. | Totat. 
Coll. Coll. 
Family PHALANGERID&—contd, | 
28 Pseudochirus peregrinus =. oO 2 2, sat 
29 Pseudochirus occidentalis . ° I 1 | gat 
30 Pseudochirus cooki_ ‘ ‘ co) I 1, 34! 
31 Trichosurus vulpecula . 7 . I 9 to | 341 
32 Trichosurus fuliginosus 3 3 6 | 342 
33 Trichosurus caninus 5 7 ‘ OF I 1) 342 
34 Phalanger orientalis. j : . ° I 1 | 343 
35 Phalanger celebensis . : ; “ ) 2 2| 343 
30 Phascolarctus cinereus ° 6 6 | 343 
Family PHASCOLOMYID2. 
37 Phascolomys mitchelli . é ¥ - ° 3 3\ 344 
38 Phascolomys ursinus . . F : 1 2 3 | 344 
39 Phascolomys latifrons . 3 : ‘ fe) 2 2\| 344 
Family PERAMELIDZ. 
4o Peragale lagotis . ° 2 2) 344 
41 Perameles obesula 4 : . 2 4 6| 345 
42 Perameles nasuta . . : . fo) 1 1 | 345 
43 Perameles gunni E : . I I 2) 345 
44 Perameles bongainvillei ‘ 3 ° I 1! 345 
Family DasyuRipé. 
48 Thylacinus cynocephalus 3 ° 3| 346 
46 Sarcophilus ursinus I 1 2) 346 
47 Dasyurus maculatus ° 4 4| 346 
48 Dasyurus viverrinus 2 4 6 | 347 
49 Dasyurus geoffroyi 1 3 4| 347 
50 Phascogale flavipes 1 (0) 1 | 347 
51 Phascogale penicillata . o 2 2| 347 
52 Sminthopsis crassicaudata .. : : I ° 1} 348 
53 Myrmecobius fasciatus i . : o I 1} 348 
Family DIDELPHYIDe. 
34 Didelphys marsupialis . : . . ° I 1 | 348 
Order MONOTREMATA. 
Fauily ECHIDNIDA. 
1 Echidna aculeata . . i : 3 3 6| 349 
Family ORNITHORHYNCHIDE, 
2 Ornithorhynchus anatinus . F 7 2 5 7| 349 


— 


XXvili INDEX. 
Summary. 
Number or Species. | NuMBER OF SPECIMENS, 
Orpers, 
Indian, | Exotic,| Totat.|A.S.B.| I.M. | Totau. 
Rodentia 2 z : «| 113 IOr 214 | 430 | 1,715 | 2,145 
Ungulata - . é 53 68 | 121 | 410! 679 | 1,089 
Proboscidea . : . 1 1 2 10 27 37 
Hyracoidea . . ° 2 2 9 9 18 
Carnivora . . s 83 73| 156 | 369 | 876 | 1,245 
Cetacea i . . 22 8 30 40 55 95 
Sirenia * . 1 I 2 2 8 iT) 
Edentata = . 3 3 6 9 18 SI 69 
Marsupialia . a8 oO 54 54 37 | 114! 151 
Monotremata 3 ° 2 2 5 8 13 
TOTAL 276} 316] S592 | 1,330 | 3,542 | 4,872 
List of types in the Indian Museum. 
No. Description of Specimens, Type as described. Author, 
1 | Stuffed and skull .| Sciurus blanfordi . . | Blyth. 
1 | Stuffed and skull - | Sciurus sladeni . . | Anderson. 
1 | Skin 3 * . | Sciurus alstoni . | Anderson. 
1 | Stuffed . ¥ . | Sciurus quinquestriatus . | Anderson. 
1 | Skin and skull . . | Sciurus layardi é . | Blyth. 
1 | Skin . . .| Sciurus fulvus . . . | Blanford. 
t | Skin andskull . . | Pteromys cineraceus. -| Blyth, =” 
4 | Skins . . | Pteromys yunnanensis Anderson. 
3 | Skins . . . | Sciuropterus spadaceus Blyth. 
1 | Skinand skull . . | Eupetaurus cineraceus Thomas.* 
1 | Skin and skull , + | Spermophilus bactrianus . | Scully. 
1 | Skin and skull . . | Arctomys aureus . | Blanford. 
1 | Alcohol. ‘ . | Myoxus pictus s . | Blanford * 
1 | Alcohol and skull . | Gerbillus persicus . . | Blanford. 
1 | Alcohol and skull . | Gerbillus nanus ‘ . | Blanford. 
1 | Skin and skull . . | Nesokia scullyi ‘ . | Wood-Mason. 
1 | Alcohol and skull . | Mus bowersii . . | Anderson. 
2 | Skins and skulls .| Mus andamanensis . . | Blyth. 
1 | Alcohol and skull «| Mus rubricosa . . | Anderson. 
3 | Alcohol and skulls -| Mus concolor . F . | Blyth. 
1 | Skin and skull. . | Mus jerdoni : «| Blyth.. 
1{ Alcohol . . . | Mus erythrotis : «| Blyth. 
1 | Skull 4 7 «| Mus berdmorei f .| Blyth. 
1 | Alcohol and skull .| Mus sublimis , F . | Blanford. 
2 | Alcohol, 1 skull .| Mus arianus . . .| Blanford.+ 


* Co-types in the British Museum. 
Described as M. erythronotus ; name afterwards changed, 


INDEX. 


XXIX 


List of types in the Indian Museum—contd. 


Description of Specimens, 


Type as descrited, 


Author, 


— a MOY wD ee DO 


Skin, 1 alcohol and 
skull. 

Skins and skulls 5 
Alcohol, 2 skulls . 
Alcohol, « skull : 
Skins : 

Stuffed . 

Skin 


Skin, skull 
Skins, 1 skull 
Skins ‘ 
Skin and skull 
Stuffed heads . 
Skin with head . 
Skull e 2 
Pr. horns a 
Skin and skeleton 
Skin and skull . 
Stuffed and skull 
Stuffed ; . - 
Skin. is : 
Stuffed and skull 

Skin and skull . A 
Skeleton (pt.) . 5 
Skeleton (pt) . . 


oe ee weve 


Skeleton (pt.) 
Skeleton . 
Skeleton } 
Skull ‘ : 
Skull A 


Stuffed and skull (pt.) 


Hapalomys longicaudatus. 


Arvicola stoliczkanus 
Arvicola blanfordi . 
Arvicola blythi . 


Rhizomys erythrogenys 


Rhizomys pruinosus. 
Pectinator spekii 
Hystrix yunnanensis 
Lepus hypsibius . 
Lepus stoliczkanus . 
Lepus peguensis . 
Gazella spekii . - 
Gazella fuscifrons . 
Cervus taevanus 5 
Cervus eustephanus . 
Felis shawiana . 
Viverra civettina . 
Vulpes montana ‘ 
Vulpes, leucopus . 
Putorius stoliczkanus 
Arctonyx taxoides 
Lutra ellioti 
Balznoptera indica 
Balzenoptera blythi_ . 
Balzenoptera edeni . 
Orcella fluminalis 


Globicephalus indicus 


Delphinus frithi « 
Delphiuus perniger . 


Blyth, 


Blanford. 
Scully. 
Blyth * 
Anderson. 
Blyth. 
Blyth. 
Anderson, 
Blanford. 
Blanford. 
Blyth. 
Blyth. 
Blanford. 
Blyth. 
Blanford, 
Blanford, 
Blyth. 
Pearson. 
Blyth. 
Blanford, 
Blyth. 
Anderson. 
Blyth. 
Anderson, 
Anderson, 
Anderson. 


Blyth. 


Blyth. 
Blyth, 


ToTAL NUMBER OF TYPES,— | 


55: 


* Described by Blyth as Phaomys teucurus ; name altered by Blanford, 


CATALOGUE OF MAMMALIA. 


INDIAN MUSEUM. 


ParT Il. 
Order RODENTIA. 


_The Rodentia are Mammals characterized by the following 
points of structure :—a middle pair of long, curved, rootless, persis- 
tent incisors ; no canines; three molars above and below [except 
Hydromys]; temporal and orbital fossz of skull confluent, the 
lacrymal foramen opening within it ; a distinct interparietal present ; 
scapula narrow, with a deep notch and a well developed acromion ; 
manus, five or four digits; pes, three to five digits; placenta deci- 
duate and discoidal. 

A general account of the classification and of the genera of the 
group by E. R. Alston willbe found in P. Z.S., 1876, p. 61; itis 
mainly on this paper that the following key of the Indian Genera 
is based. 


Key of the Indian Genera. 


a. Only one pair of incisors above; skull with a true alisphenoid 
canal ; optic foramina rarely confluent; bony palate well de- 
veloped ; fibula never articulates with the calcaneum ; testes 
abdominal, descending periodically. | [=Simplicidentata.] 


‘4. Two premolars above and below; post-orbital processes 
present ; infra-orbital opening very small; zygomatic arch 
mainly composed of the malar bone, not supported below 
by a process of the maxilla; mandible with the angular 
portion springing from the lower edge of the bony covering 
of the lower incisor; fibula separate through life; upper lip 
cleft; muffle small, naked; nostrils comma-shaped ; tail 
cylindrical and hairy. [=Sciuride.] 


c. Incisors compressed. 


: d. Limbs united by a flying expansion; form slender ; tail 
long. 
B 


MAMMALIA, 


e. Dentition hypsodont, 7.2, molar teeth with vertically 


lengthened crowns. . . Eupetaurus, p. 40. - 
&, Dentition brachyodont, 7.e., molar teeth with short 
crowns. 


f. Aninterfemoral membrane present; tail generally 
bushy. é ‘ ‘ Pteromys, p. 32- 


f?. No interfemoral membrane ; tail distichous. 
Sciuropterus, p. 37. 


d*, Limbs free; form agile; tail long, bushy; no cheek 
pouches; parietals broad, anchylosed to the frontals. 
Sciurus, p. 4. 


ce. Incisors not compressed ; form thick-set ; tail short ; pollex 
rudimentary; parietals narrow, parallelogrammatic. 
Arctomys, p. 41. 


8, Premolars present or absent; no post-orbital processes ; 
zygomatic arch slender, chiefly formed by the zygomatic 
processes of the maxillze and squamosal bones; mandible 
with the angular portion springing from the lower edge of 
the bony covering of the lower incisor; tibia and fibula 
completely anchylosed in the adult; upper lip usually 
cleft; muffle small, naked; nostrils comma-shaped ; tail 
cylindrical. [=Myomorpha. 


f. Lower incisors generally compressed ; no premolars; infra- 
orbital opening generally high, wide above, narrow below, 
with the maxillary process forming a perpendicular plate ; 
tail generally naked. (=Muride.] 


g- Molars rooted. 


4. Molars transversely laminated ; incisive foramen and 
auditory bulla very small; palate imperforate ; form 
myoxine; fur mixed with scattered spines; tail 
densely haired. : Platacanthomys, p. 46. 


k*, Incisors narrow, upper ones grooved; molars trans- 
versely laminated ; auditory bulla large; hind limb 
elongated ; tail long and hairy. Gerbillus, p. 46. 


8. Incisors not grooved; molars generally tuberculate ; 
tail scaly, and generally more or less naked. 


j. Only the pollex provided witha nail, all other digits 
clawed, 


k. Lower incisors broad; molars of transverse 


RODENTIA. 3 


lamin; palate narrow; muzzle blunt; form 
stout; tail shorter than the head and body. 
Nesokia, p. 53. 


k*. Incisors narrow ; molars tubercular. 
Mus, p. 59. 


#8, Like Mus, but with an extra anterior tubercle 
to the anterior upper molar, 


Leggada, p. 79. 
7. Pollex and hallux provided with a flat nail; tail 


very long, with a pencil of long hairs at the 
tip; skull very short and rounded, 


2, Dentition normal ; incisors narrow. 
Chiropodomys, p. 81. 


2, Molar teeth with cusps arranged perfectly regu- 
larly, those of the lower jaw arranged in trans- 
yerse rows of three instead of two as in all other 
Muridz; incisors broad. Hapalomys, p. 82, 


>. ist and 5th digit of each limb with a flat nail ; size 
small; form slender and agile 
Vandeleuria, p. 82. 


A+, Upper incisors grooved, otherwise as in Mus. 
Golunda, p. 83. 


h®, Upper incisors smooth; molars tuberculate; infra- 

orbital opening not much narrowed below, and with 

the perpendicular plate little developed; tail short, not 
scaled, sparsely haired; with large cheek-pouches. 

Cricetus, p. 85. 


g’. Molars rootless or semi-rooted, composed of triangular 
prisms placed alternately. 


m. Infra-orbital opening murine; tail short and hairy ; 
ear-conch present; anterior palatine foramen 
long. : j Fi . Arvicola, p. 87. 


m*, Infra-orbital opening small and sub-triangular ; ear- 
conch absent; anterior palatine foramen tudi- 
mentary. . : . - Ellobius, p. 94. 


f*. Incisors large and broad; no premolars; molars rooted 
and with re-entering enamel folds, not tuberculate ; 
infra-orbital opening sub-triangular, with no perpendi- 
cular plate; eyes very small; ears very short; tail 
rather short-haired. : . Rhizomys, p. 95. 


B 2 


4 MAMMALIA. 


73. Incisors compressed; one small upper premolar ; infra- 
orbital opening very large and rounded; metatarsal 
bones greatly elongated ; hind-feet with five digits, of 
which the first and fifth do not reach the ground ; tail 
long, cylindrical and tufted. . Alactaga, p. 101. 


88, One premolar above and below; molars with re-entering 
enamel folds and semi-rooted; no post-orbital processes to 
frontals ; mandible with the angular portion springing from 
the outer side of the bony covering of the lower incisor ; 
fibula a distinct bone throughout life; muffle hairy; fur 
modified into spines and quills. [=Hystricide.] 


m. Spines cylindrical; tail short, covered with spines and 
hollow quills. ©. . . - Hystrix, p. 104. 


n®, Spines flattened and channelled; tail long, scaly, with a 
tuft of bristles. . : : . Atherura, p. 104. 


a. Two pairs of incisors above; optic foramina confluent; no 
alisphenoid canal; bony palate much reduced; fibula and 
tibia anchylosed below and articulating with the calcaneum ; 
testes always external. -(=Duplicidentata.] 


o. Two premolars above and below ; frontals with no post-orbital 
process ; ears and hind limbs short; no external tail. 
Lagomys, p. 109. 


o*, Three premolars above, two below; frontals with two wing- 
like processes; ears and hind limbs elongated ; tail short, 
bushy, and recurved F : -  Lepus, p. 112. 


Genus SCIURUS, 


Sciurus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 56 (1766). 
Macroxus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3) xx, p. 275 (1857). 


The Museum collection of the squirrels of the Oriental Region 
is a very complete one and formed the basis of Anderson’s mono- 
graph of the group in his Anatomical and Zoological Researches. 
In the Catalogue below Anderson has, except in one or two 
trifling instances, been followed, though it seems that still further 
reductions will have to be made in the number of species, more 
especially in the group of grizzled squirrels. 

The synopsis or key is not intended to apply to geographical 
varieties of Indian species not found within the limits of the Indian 
empire, so that the numerous pale varieties of Sciurus bicolor and 
the curiously coloured varieties of Sciurus ferrugineus, which are 
none of them found within the limits of the Indian empire, are 
not included in the key. 


SCIURUS. 5 


The key is more or less an artificial one and must not be taken 
as exhibiting the real affinities of the different species. 


Key of the Indian Species. 


@ Squirrels of large size; length without tail more than 12 inch- 
es; skull over two inches in length; the anterior upper pre- 
molar constantly absent. 


4. Black or dark-brown above, yellow below; outside of the 
shoulders and thighs, legs and feet constantly of the same 
colour as the back. 


c. Ears not tufted . ‘ : . S. bicolor, p. 7. 
ce, Ears tufted . - .  §. giganteus, p. 8. 


3, Above red and black, with a yellow occipital patch; feet 
yellow like the under surface ; ears very fully tufted. 
S. indicus, p. ro. 


88. Above black or grizzled black and white, a yellow or white 
occipital patch; feet black, but the outside of the limbs 
yellow like the under surface; ears very slightly tufted. 

S. macrourus, p. 11. 


a’, Squirrels of medium size, less than 12 inches in length 
without the tail; never dorsally striped ; skull 1°6 to 1°8 inches 
in length; the anterior upper premolar always present. 


d. Dorsal surface grizzled, either gray, yellow or red and 
black ; no ventral stripes. 


e. Slightly smaller skull, averaging 1°6 inch. 
/. With a black tip to the tail ; ventral surface pate. 
S. pygerythrus, p. 11. 


S*. Tail-tip not black ; ventral surface pale ; a bright red 
patch frequently present on the thighs (seasonal ?) 
S. lokroides, p. 18. 


f°. Tail-tip not black ; ventral surface bright orange ; a 
white patch of hairs behind the ear; head with a 
somewhat elongated muzzle compared with S. 
lokroides. eae . S. lokriah, p. 20. 


é, Skull somewhat larger, from 1°85 to 2'o inches in 
length. 


. Tail-tip black ; feet yellow ; below orange. 
? Pac : S. blanfordi, p. 12. 


g® Tail-tip black; feet yellow; a black lateral patch 


6 MAMMALIA. 


separates the yellow ventral from the grizzled 
dorsal surface. : . §. phayrel, p. 12. 


g%. Below gray; during the cold weather the grizzled 
fur of the back is replaced by brilliant orange. 
S. caniceps, p. 13. 


g*. Below dark chestnut, generally with a patch of 
brilliant black on the dorsal surface ; probably 
notseasonal. . . 5. atrodorsalis, p. 15. 


g®. Feet, ventral surface and upper surface of the 
head chestnut. . . . S, sladeni, p. 18. 


g®. Below deep chestnut, above varying from yellow 
grizzled to almost black; tail-tip red, black, or 
same colourasthe back. S, erythraeus, p. 15. 


g’. Below white, cheeks ferrugineous ; tail chestnut 
below; a white spot behind the ear; head with 
elongate muzzle resembling S. lokriah. 

S. rufigenis, p. 21. 


d*, Ventral surface marked by five stripes, a central and two 
lateral nearly black, two intermediate yellowish white. 
S. quinquestriatus, p. 21. 


d°, Dorsal surface not grizzled; whole squirrel entirely 
ferrugineous : . S. ferrugineus, p. 22. 


a3. Squirrels of small size under eight inches in length without 
the tail; always marked with dorsal stripes varying in num- 
ber; skull of varying shape and size, with the anterior pre- 
molar present (except S. layardi). 


A. Median dorsal stripe black. 


j. Larger, about seven inches in length without the fail; 
stripes barely reaching from the shoulders to the thighs, 
5 black and 2 light ones; skull very long and narrow, 
1°75 inches long by r’o5 inches across at the widest 
part. . ‘ ‘ . . S. berdmorei, p- 26. 


7’. Smaller, about five inches in length without the tail; 
ears tufted with white tips; stripes varying in length and 
distinctness ; skull very short and rounded, 1°05 long 
by *85 across the broadest part. 

S. maclellandi, p. 27. 


#3, Median dorsal stripe white or yellow. 


k. ae and under side of the tail with a distinct tinge of 
red. 


SCIURUS. 7 


2. Three white or reddish stripes reaching anteriorly as 
far as the shoulders only; ventral surface pale ex- 
cept the rump; skull long and narrow, 1'25 by ‘85 
inches. . , . . S.tristriatus, p. 25. 


, 


@, Lateral stripes very obscure; ventral surface chestnut; 
no anterior upper premolars ; skull short and round- 
ed, 1°3 by ‘g5 inches. . . §S. layardi, p. 26. 


#*, Rump and under side of the tail with no traces of 
red. 


m, Three dorsal stripes well marked, reaching forward 
anteriorly to the nape; body about seven inches ; 
fur harsh and light coloured. 

S. palmarum, p. 24. 


m*, Three dorsal stripes very obscure, not reaching for- 
ward anteriorly to the nape of the neck; body 
about five inches in length; fur very soft and 
rather dark ; - 9. -sublineatus, p. 26. 


’ 


Sciurus bicolor. 


Var, A.—typtcus. 


Sciurus bicolor, Sparrman Gétheborg Wetens. Sevensk, Handl., i, p. 70 
(1778)* ; Horsfield Zool. Res., with plate; Muller and Schlegel, Tem. 
Verhandl., pp. 88, 88; Blyth F. A. S.B.,x, p. 919; Cantor $A. S. B., xv, 
p. 246; Blyth FA. S. B., xvi, p. 870; Blyth Cat., no. 309, p. 99 [pt.] ; An- 
derson Anat. Zool. Res-, p.215; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus.,v, p. 108; 
Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, pp. 67,75; Anderson, F, Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 340; 
Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., xi, p. 27. r, 

Sciurus javensis, Zimmerman Geograph. Gesch., ii, p. 342 (1780); Blyth 
gF. A. S. B., xvi, p.870; Gray P. Z. S., 1861, p. 137. ; 
Sciurus albiceps, Desmarest N. Dict, Hist. Nat., x, p. 105 (1817); Fentink 

Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 110. 
Sciurus leschenaltii, Desmarest Mamm., p. 335 (1820); Horsfield Zool. 


Res. 
Sciurus affinis, Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 259 (1822); Blyth Ann. Mag. 
N. H., Xx, p. 314. : 
Sciurus hy poleucus, Horsfield Zool. Res. (1824) ; Miiller and Schlegel Tem. 
Verhandl., p.90; Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 870; id. Cat., no. 310, p. 99. 
Sciurus auriventer, Js. Geog. St. Hil. Mag. de Zool. (1832)*; id. Zool. 
Voy. aux. Ind. Orient. Belanger, 1834, p. 150; Blyth F A.S. B., xvi, 
. 870. ' wi 
Sciteae humeralis, Colon Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neufcha., i, p. 122, pl. viii 
1835). oie 
Pe ephippium, Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p, 91, pl. xiii 
(1838-44); Blyth Cat., no. 311, p. 100. 
Sciurus rubiventer, Muller and Schlegel Tem, Verhandl. p. 86 
(1838-44). ia F 
Macroxus bicolor, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3); xx, p. 276 (1867) [pt.] 
Macroxus ephipium, Gray Ann. Mag., N. H. (3), xx, p. 276 (1867). 


8 MAMMALIA. 


Var, B.—giganteus. 


Sciurus giganteus, McClelland P. Z. S., p. 150 (1839); Anderson Anat. 
Zool. Res., p. 220; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 107. 

-Sciurus bicolor, Wagner Schreber Sdugeth. Suppl., iii, p. 191 (1843); 
Blyth ¥. A. S. B. xvi, p. 870; id. ibid., xxiv, p. 472; id. ibid., xxxi, 
p- 334; Blyth Cat., p. 99, no. 309. [pt.] 

Sciurus macruroides, Hodgson F. A.S. B., x, p. 915 (1841); Horsfield P.Z.S., 
1856, p. 402; Ferdon Mamm., p. 168; Blyth F. AS. B., xliv, Burma 


List, p. 35+ 


The Black Hill Squirrel; Bhotea, Shingsham; Lepcha, Le- 
hyuk; Arakan, Leng-thet; Burmese, Sheng. 

Distribution.—The typical variety is found in Lower Burma, all 
through Tenasserim and the Malayan peninsula, and in the islands 
of Sumatra, Java and Borneo. 

The variety giganteus is found in the Himalayas from Nepal 
eastward to Assam, the hills between Assam and Burma and 
Upper Burma. 

This species varies in colour to a large extent, a fact which has 
been the cause of the long list of synonyms above recorded ; in the 
list of specimens below, “a” to “1” inclusive are specimens of the 
typical black and yellow variety, in which the black extends down 
the outside of the legs and the toes are black, the ears are untufted 
and there is a cheek and chin spot. 

The specimens “m” to “q” only differ in having the back of 
a decidedly more rufous tinge. 

The specimens “s” to “z” differ in having the feet light- 
coloured, not black as in the typical form; the back varies from 
a light rufous to the same yellow as the ventral surface; this is 
the variety separated by Jentink under the name of Sciurus 
albiceps. 

The specimen “‘r” is again curiously intermediate: from the 
crown of the head to the root of the tail it is a bright grizzled yel- 
low, each hair being brown, with a bright yellow tip; the head, 
cheeks and throat are whitish, the end of the nose and chin alone 
being dark; the tail and feet are almost as dark as in the typical 
black and yellow variety. i 

The two specimens from Borneo “z” and “a?” are somewhat 
different again, being very dark grizzled above, but with yellowish 
not blackish feet. 

It seems impossible therefore at present to separate into even 
geographical races this very varying species, except in the case of 
the large squirrel of the Eastern Himalayas and Assam, which forms 
a well-marked geographical race of Sciurus bicolor. It was first 
described by McClelland as a distinct species (S. giganteus) in 
his paper on the Mammals of Assam. 

This race is at once distinguished from the true S. bicolor by 
its tufted ears; it also seems to be very constant in colour, and 
never varies as S. bicolor does. 


@. Skin, skull 
6. Skin 

_¢. Skin 

d. Skin 

e. Skin, skull 
J. Skin 

g. Skin 

hk, Skin, skull 
j. Skin, skull 
&. Stuffed 


SCIURUS. 


Var. A,—typicus, 


Yé, Tenasserim, 11-86 


Q Pilai, Mergui, 6-3-82 


é 
é 


Z. Stuffed skull ¢ 


m., Skin, skull 
n. Stuffed 


juv. 


o. Stuffed, skull 


p. Stuffed 


q. Stuffed skull 


vy. Skin 
s. Skin 


é 


t. Stuffed skull 9 
uw. Stuffed skull 
v. Stuffed skull 
w, Stuffed skull 


x. Skin 


" Java 


y. Stuffed skull 9 


2, Skin 
a®, Skin 
8%, Skeleton 


a-h.8 Skins and 


skulls 
j. Skin 
& Skin 
2. Skin 
m. Skin 
n. Skin, skull 
o. Skin 
p. Skin 
q. Skin 


3 
g 


7-v. 5 Skins and 


skulls. 
w. Skin 
. #. Skin 
y» Skin 


z. Skin 
a, Skin 
63, Skin 
e. Skin 
d*, Skin 
e*, Skin 
f?. Skin 


g3. Skin 


juv. 


” ” 7-3-82 
Thaing, Mergui, 31-1-82 
Mergui, 14-12-82 
Amherst, Tenasserim 


weeeee 


Malay peninsula 
Tenasserim 

»” 
Pegu 
Ramree Isle, Arrakan 
Tenasserim 
Taping R., Perak 
Malacca 
Singapore 


Malay peninsula 


Java ” , 
[Horsfield]} 
Borneo 


” 
Tenasserim 


G. M. Giles, 

J. Anderson. 

Anderson. 

Anderson. 

Anderson. 

Armstrong. 

J. Armstrong. 

Purchased, 1877. 
Purchased, 1878. 

No history, A.S.B. 

W. Rutledge, 1870. 

A.S.B. 

Major Berdmore, A.S.B. 
W. T. Blanford, 1863, A.S.B. 
J. R. Abbott, 1844, A.S.B. 
F. Jenkins, 1845, A.S.B. 
Mus. Coll. (Jaffa), 1889, 

E. R. Alston [P.] 

W. Rutledge, 1872. 

E. Lindstedt, 1846, A.S.B. 
R. W.G. Frith, 1846, A.S.B. 
Mrs. Turnbull, 1857, A.S.B. 
India Mus., London., 
Batavian Soc. (1844) A.S.B. 
E. R. Alston [P.] 

E. R. Alston [P.] 

J. Wood Mason. 


J. 
J. 
J. 
J. 


Var. B.—giganteus. 


Sikkim 


Sikkim 
nr. Darjeeling, 6000 ft. 


a9 ”» 
Sikkim < 
Darjeeling terai, 4-69 
Sikkim 
Assam 
Garo hills, 7-69 
Samagooting, Assam 


Naga hills, Assam, 
Telbongo Peak, Naga 
hills, 


Dunsiri Valley, Assam 


Dirjunj R,, 'N. Cachar, 


L. Mandelli. 


L. Mandelli. 

W. G. Masson [P.] 

W. G. Masson [P.] 

H. J. Elwes [Ex.] 

J. Anderson, 

W. T. Blanford 

E.F. Smith (1859), A.S.B. 
J. Anderson. 

J. Butler. 


A. W. Chennell. 
A. W. Chennell. 
H. Godwin Austen, 


H. Godwin Austen. 
H. Godwin Austen. 
H. H. Godwin Austen, 


H, 
H. 
H. 


Sibsagar, Assam, 7-68 S. E. Peel. 


a” 


Goalpara, Assam, 8-68 


7-68 S.E., Peel. 


H. L. Haughton, 


Momein, Yunnan, 6,000J. Anderson. . 


ft., 21-5-68. 


” 7-68, 


” 


J. Anderson. 


10 MAMMALIA. 


73, Skin Upper Burma C. Williams (1865). 
jy. Skin, skull ? Borneo E. R, Alston [P.] 
#3, Skin, skull Hertaag W. Rutledge. 
7. Stuffed Darjeeling Capt. Bonnavia (1844), A.S.B. 
m2, Skull Sibsagar, Assam, 7-68 5S. E, Peel. 
n®, Skull Samagooting, Assam, J.. Butler. 

10-75. 
o. Skull No history, A. S. B. 
p?. Skin @ Darjeeling, 8,000 ft. W. G. Masson [P.] 
q@. Skin i ‘ W. A. Darling (1881) 
7, Skin Rungbee, Darjeeling J. Munro. 


Sciurus indicus. 


“Bombay Squirrel,” Pennant Synop. Mamm., 1771, p. 281. 

Sciurus indicus, Evxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 420 (1777) ; Anderson Anat 
Zool. Res., p. 222; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus.,v, p. 106; Thomas P. Z 
S., 1886, p. 60. 

Sciurus bombayanus, Boddaert Elench. Anim., p. 117 (1785)*. 

Sciurus maximus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 149 (1788); Elliot, Madr. 
Fourn., X, p. 217; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 156; Blyth F. A. S. B., 
xxviii, p. 287; id. Caz., p. 98, no. 307; Ferdon Mamm., p. 166; McMaster 
Notes on Ferdon, pp. 49, 194; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 223. 

Sciurus purpureus, Zimmerman Spec. Geogr. Quadr., p. 518 (1788) ; Blyth 
¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 868. 

Sciurus elphinstonii, Syzes, P. Z. S., p. 103 (1831) ; Horsjfield Cat. E. 1, 
Mus., p.157; Ferdon Mamm, p. 167. 

Sciurus malabaricus, Schinz Synop. Mamm., ii, p. 32 (1845); Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 166. ‘ 


The Indian Red Squirrel; Bengali, Kat beral; Hindustani, 
Jungli gilheri ; Kols, Kondeng ; Gonds, Perwarsti ; Hindi, Karrat ; 
Monghyr, Rasu or Ratuphar; Telegu, Bet-tidaté; Mahratta, 
Shekra; Canarese, Kesannalu. 

Distribution—The Indian peninsula generally, south of the 
Gangetic plains from Cuttack to. Travancore; has also been 
recorded from the Nepal Terai (Hodgson) and Manipur 
(Thomas). 


a. Skin, @ nr. Cuttack V. Ball (Ex.] 
&. Skin Travancore Purchased. 
ce. Skin, skull S. Malabar Rev. J. Baker (1859), A.S B. 
d. Skin ” Rev. J. Baker (1859), A.S.B. 
e. Skin Malabar E. R. Alston [P.] 
f. Skin Travancore Purchased. 
g. Skin Deccan [Sykes] India Mus., London. 
A. Skin, skull @ No history, A. S. B. 
j. Skin, skull No history A. S. B. 
é&. Skin isha J. Anderson. 
GSKin neti J. Anderson. 
m Skin ae Lord Northbrook. 
feeg. 4SKins fae W. Rutledge. 
7. Skin g Para W. Rutledge. 


SCIURUS, II 


s. Stuffed S. Malabar Mrs, Turnbull, 1862, A.S.B. 
t. Stuffed, skull ae A.S.B. 
u. Stuffed edie Barrackpore Menagerie, 
wv. Stuffed, skull naa A.S.B. [A.S.B. 
w. Stuffed ae G. Sceva. 
x. Stuffed uanuea W. Rutledge, 1870. 
y- Skeleton, mted. a No history. 
zs. Skin g Tenmalai, S. Arcot, Museum Collector. 
a), Skin re) fe ‘a ” Museum Collector, 
67, Skin @ Calathorpulay, Travan- Museum Collector. 
gore. 


Sciurus macrourus. 


Sciurus macrourus, Pennant Indian Zool., 1st ed. p. 31, pl. i (1769)*; 
Gray Ilustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xix; Blyth F A.S. B., xvi, p. 869; id. 
F. AS. B., xviii, p. 601; id. F. A. S. B., xx, p. 165; Horsfield Cat. E. I. 
Mus., p. 158; Kelaart Prodr. Faun, Zeylan., p. 49; Blyth $. A.S.B., 
xxiii, p.214; id. Caz., no. 313, p. 100; Ferdon Mamm., p. 168; Anderson 
Anat. Zool. Res,, p. 224. 

Sciurus ceylonicus, Erxleben Syst, Reg. An., p. 416 (1777). 

Sciurus ceilonensis, Boddaert Elench, Anim, p. 117 (1785)*. 

Sciurus maximus, Wagner Schreber Saugeth, Suppl., iii, p. 188 (1843) [pt.] 

Sciurus bicolor, apud. Schinz Syn. Mamm,, ii, p. 33 (1845). 

Sciurus tennentii, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xviti, p. 600 (1849); id FA. S. B, 
xx, p. 165; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 50; Blyth Cat., no. 312, 

. 100. 

eters albipes, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 287 (1859); Blyth Cat., no. 314, 
. 100. 

Gears zeylanicus, Ray apud Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus,, v, p. 113 (1883). 


The Grizzled Squirrel ; Cingalese, Rookeeah or Dandoleyna. 
Distribution —The hill ranges of Southern India, Nilgiris, 
Shevaroys, and Ghauts of Travancore and Ceylon. 


a. Skin @ Shevaroy hills W. Daly 1889. 

6. Skin Nilgiris R. Rollo, 1845, A.S.B. 

c. Skin Ceylon Columbo Mus, 

e. Stuffed, skull a E. F, Kelaart, A.S.B. 

f. Stuffed, skull 9 E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. 

{2 types of Sciurus tennentii, Blyth.] 

g. Stuffed Ceylon E. L, Layard, 1848, A.S.B 
‘h. Stuffed ” E. L. Layard, 1848, A.S.B. 
j» Stuffed a E. L. Layard, 1848, A.S.B. 
k. Stuffed, juv. ,, E. L. Layard, 1848, A.S.B. 
1, Stuffed ” E, F. Kelaart, A.S.B. 
m. Skull i R. Templeton, 1846, A.S.B 
n. Skin a ay Zoological Gardens. 


Sciurus pygerythrus. 
Var, A.—typicus. 


Sciurus pygerythrus, Is. Geoff. St. Hil. Mag. de Zool. (1832)*; id. Zool. 
; Voy. aux Ind, Orient., Bélanger, p. 145, pl. vii (1845); Blyth F. AS. B. 


12 MAMMALIA. 


xvi, p. 872 (note); id. % A. S. B., xvii, p. 345; id. F A, S. B., xxiv, 
p. 4753 Blyth Cat., no. 325, pe 103; Blyth F. A. S.B., xliv, Burma List, 
p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 227; Fentink Notes Leyd, Mus.,v, 
Pe 124. 

Sciurus flavimanus, Schinz Synop. Mamm., ii, p. 34 (1845) [pt.] 

Sciurus caniceps pygerythrus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 69 (1886). 


Var. B.—blanford:. 
Sciurus blanfordi, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 333 (1862); id. FA. S. B., 


xxxii, p. 73; id. Ca#., no. 331, p. 104; id. 7. A. S, B., xliv, Burma List, 
p. 36; Anderson Anat, Zool, Res., p. 230, pl. xviii. 


Var. C.—phayret. 


Sciurus pygerythrus var., Blyth $. A. S. B., xvii, pt. 2, p. 345 (1848). 
Sciurus phayrei, Blyth F. A.S.B., xxiv, pp. 472, 476 (1885) ; id. F. A. S, B., 
xxviii, p. 275; id. F A. S.B., xxxi, p. 332; id. Caz., no. 330, p. 104; 
Peters P. Z. S., 1866, p. 429; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 36; 
Blanford F. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 160; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 230. 
Sciurus caniceps phayrei, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 69 (1886). 


Var. D.—griseimanus., 


Sciurus griseimanus, A. Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), xix, p. 195 
(1867); id. Rech, Mamm., p. 164; Anderson Anat, Zool. Res. p. 233. 


Sciurus inornatus 
Sciurus leucopus } Gray Ann. Mag. N. H, (3), XX, p. 282 (1867). 


Sciurus caniceps griseimanus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 69 (1886). 


Distribution.—The typical variety is found in Lower Burma 
and is apparently confined to the country round Rangoon and the 
Pegu revenue division; it is replaced in Upper Burma by two 
varieties, one distinguished by its very pale yellow ventral surface, 
which has never been named, and the other by its larger size, and 
its ventral surface of the same bright red as the typical variety 
(S. blanfordi); in Siam and Cambodia a third form is found of 
the same size as S, blanfordi but with a pale yellow ventral sur- 
face and markedly pale feet (S. griseimanus) ; a fourth form (S. 
phayrei) distinguished by the possession of a lateral black streak 
between the grizzled dorsal and yellow ventral surfaces is con- 
fined to the country between the Sittang and Salween apparently 
rivers inthe Tenasserim division of Lower Burma. 


Var, A.—ty picus. 


a. Skin, skull Burma C. Williams (1865). 

6, Skin ” C. Williams (1865). 

e. Skin Rangoon Sir J. Fayrer (1857), A.S.B, 
d, Skin ” Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. 

e. Skin é a g-1-76. J. Armstrong. 


JF. Skin ” ‘a J. Armstrong. 


SCIURUS. 13 


g. Skin Rangoon, 91-76. J. Armstrong, 
h. Skin ai i J. Armstrong, 
Jj. Stuffed Lower Pegu Major Berdmore (1847), 
A.S.B, 

&. Stuffed i ow Sir J. Fayrer (1857) A.S.B. 
2, Skin Upper Burma. C. Williams (1865). 
m. Skin, skull ¢ Sagaing, Upper Burma, J. Anderson. 

; : 3-10-68. 
nw. Skin ju. =, 5‘ si J. Anderson. 

: 3-10-68. 
v. Skin Q 4 ij rf J.-Anderson. 

a 3-10-68, 
é. Skin é Ava, Upper Burma. J. Anderson, 

; 4-10-68. 
q. Skin ge 4 i Fi J. Anderson, 

4-10-68, 
7. Skin, skele- 
ton ¢ Kabwet, Upper Burma, J. Anderson. 
9-1-75- 

s. Ale. juv. Mandalay Sir P. Sladen, 1860. 


Var. B.—blanfordt. 


a. Stuffed, skull Ava. W. T. Blanford (1862), A.S.B. 
[Type of S, blanfordi of Blyth.] 


6. Skin } @ Pudeepyo, Upper Burma, J. Anderson. 
Skeleton 10-1-75. 


Var. C.—phayrei. 


a. Skin, skull | Martaban E. Blyth (1861), A.S.B. 
6. Stuffed, skull * E. Blyth (1861), A.S.B. 
c. Stuffed , E. Blyth (1861), A.S.B. 
@. Skull eae No history, A.S.B. 

e. Skeleton Upper Burma. J. Anderson, : 

Var, D.— griseimanus. 
«, Skin, skull @ Cochin China Paris Mus, [Ex.] 
[Jullien 1874]. 
6, Skin Cochin China, 8-67, Paris Mus. [Ex.]. 


Sciurus caniceps. 


Sciurus — ? Blyth F. A. S. B., x. p. 920 (1841). 

Sciurus caniceps, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 263 (1842); Horsfield Cat, 
E. I, Mus., p. 155; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 36; Blanford 
¥. A. S. B., xlvil, p. 161; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. p. 229; Fentink 
Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 122; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 68; Anderson 
F. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 340. : 

Sciurus chrysonotus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi., p. 873 (1847) ; Horsfield Cat. 
E. I. Mus., p.159; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 474; id. F. A. S, B., xxxi, 
p- 334; id. Caz., no. 323, p. 103; Peters P. 2. S., 1866, p. 429; Blanford 
Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), i, p. 152. 


14 MAMMALIA. 


Sciurus concolor, Blyth $. A. S, B., xxiv, p. 474 (1855); id. #. A. S. B., xx, 

p. 166; id, Cat., NO. 324, p. 103. 

Macroxus caniceps, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), XX, p. 280 (1867). 

Distribution :—Tenasserim, from the Moulmein district in the 
north through the Malay peninsula to Malacca. 

This species, like the other Burma squirrels, varies considerably ; 
the specimens from about Moulmein, whence came the original 
type of Sciurus chrysonotus, have the back suffused with bright 
orange yellow during the breeding season, which takes place during 
the cold months from October to February; the specimens from 
Mergui further south do not seem to undergo a seasonal change, 
but have the sides of the neck instead of the back tinged with 
bright yellow; further south still the specimens from Perak have 
only a slight tinge of orange on the back and no cheek patches, 
and this form agrees very well with the specimen from Malacca, 
the type of S. concolor. 


a. Skin, skull Q Moulmein dist. T. H. Hood. 
é. Skin i ai T. H. Hood. 
e. Skin i oF T. H. Hood. 
d, Skin é a a T. H. Hood. 
e. Skin 3 5 T. H. Hood. 
Sf. Skin a5 . T.H. Hood. ° 
g. Skin Q ‘i ie T. H. Hood. 
kh, Skin a - T. H. Hood. 
j. Skin ‘i . T. H. Hood. 
&. Skin Mergui Major Berdmore (1854), A S.B. 
t, Skin Lampee, Mergui, Jj. Anderson. 
10-1-82 
m. Skin Q Pilai, Mergui, 7-3-82 J. Anderson. 
n. Skin 9 Tiboo Padan, Mergui, J. Anderson. 
8-2-82 J. Anderson, 
o. Skin 2 Pilai, Mergui, 6-3-82 J. Anderson, 
bp. Skin Q Pilai » 773-82 J. Anderson. 
q. Skin Q Mergui, 23-3-82 J. Anderson, 
7. Skin g »-:13-12-81 J. Anderson. 
s. Skin,skull ¢ » 1312-81 J. Anderson. 
#, Skin ,, es 14-10-81 J. Anderson, 
u. Skin Perak Mus. Coll., Jaffa (1889). 
v. Skin ie Mus. Coll., Jaffa (1889) 
w. Skin, skull. Malacca G. Moxon (1847), A.S.B. 
[Type of S. concolor of Blyth.] 
x. Skin No history A.S.B. 
y. Stuffed Amherst, Tenasserim J. Armstrong (1877) 
gs. Stuffed, skull. er i J. Armstrong (1877). 
a®. Stuffed Tenasserim E. O’Reilly (1850), A.S.B. 
63. Stuffed es E. O'Reilly (1850), A.S.B. 
cn Stuffed 5 Rey. J. Barbe (1846), A.S.B. 
@*, Stuffed i Rev. J. Barbe, (1846), A.S.B. 
[The above four specimens were the types of S. chrysonotus ,Blyth.] 
ef, 2 Alc. Moulmein dist. T. H. Hood (1872) 


gk, 4 Alc, Moulmein J. Wood Mason, 


SCIURUS. 15 


Sciurus atrodorsalis. 


? Sciurus flavimanus, Js. Geoff. St. Hil, Mag. de Zool. (1832)* ; id. Zool. Voy. 
aux Ind. Orient. Bélanger, p. 148; Blyth $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 872. 

Sciurus atrodorsalis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 263 (1842); Blyth $. A. 
S.B., xvi, p. 872; id. ¥. A. S. B., xvii, p. 345; 1d. F A. S. B,, xviii, p. 602; 
Horsfield Cat. E. 1. Mus., p. 184; Blyth $. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 477; id. 
F. ALS. B., xxviii, p, 276; id. F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 333; id. Cat. no. 334, 
p. 105; Peters P. Z. S., 1866, p 428; Blanford Ann. Mag. N.H. (4), i, 
p.152; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 36; Blanford, F.A.S. B., 
xlvil, p. 159 3 Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 233; Fentink Notes Leyd., 
Mus.,v, p.122 (pt.); Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 70. 

Sciurus hyperythrus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 474 (1855); id. ¥. A. S.B., 
XXxi, Pp. 333; id. Cat., no 321, p. 102. 


Distribution.—This squirrel has only been found in North Ten- 
asserim, and apparently only to the east of the Salween river ; the 
localities given in the list below “ Lower Pegu” and “‘ east of the 
Irrawaddy river” are somewhat vague and do not seem to be 
quite reliable. 


a-e. 5 Skins South of Irrawaddy T. H. Hood and Mus, Coll. 
f-l. 6 Skins Moulmein dist. T. H. Hood, 
m-n. 2 Skins @ ¥ 4 T. H. Hood 
o-p, 2Skins Q - " T, H. Hood 
q-a%, 11 Skins is i T. H. Hood 
2, Skin si . T. H. Hood 
c?, Skin i is J. Armstrong. 
@, Skin Mooleyet range, Tenas- Purchased. 
serim. 
é*, Skin +s 5; fF Purchased. 
f?. Skin 45 a a J. Anderson (1870). 
g?. Stuffed Moulmein S. R. Tickell, A.S.B. 
i, Stuffed $5 W. S. Atkinson, A. S. B. 
jy. Stuffed iF W.S. Atkinson, A. S. B. 
k?. Stuffed 3 J. Armstrong. 
Pn, 3Stuffed Lower Pegu. J. Armstrong. 
o*, Stuffed Tenasserim. Major Berdmore (1852), 
A. 
[Type of S. hyperythus, Blyth.] 
Pres ai } & Moulmein dist. T. H. Hood. 
0%, 4 Skeletons, 
alt 4 ae ‘ie 9 » T. H. Hood, 
2 
w, al } i T. H. Hood, 
x-y3, 2 Alc. East of Irrawady T. H. Hood, 
2", Stuffed Moulmein W. S. Atkinson, A.S.B. 
a’.b°, 2 Alc. No history. 


Sciurus erythrzus. 


Scirurus erythrzus, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir. p. 377 (1778); Blyth, 
F.A.S.B., xvi, p. 872; id., FA. S. B., xxiv, p. 473 ; id. Cat, no. 318, p. 102; | 


16 MAMMALIA. 


Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 236; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v. 
p. 119 ; Thomas P. Z, S., 1886, p. 61. 
Sciurus hippurus, afud McClelland and Horsfield P.Z.S.,p. 151 (1839); 
Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 154. 
Sciurus erythrogaster, Slyth $. A. S.B., xi, p.970 (1842); id. ¥. A. S. B,, 
xvi, p. 871; id. F. A. S. B, xxiv, p. 473; id. Cat., no, 320, p. 102, 
Macroxus erythrogaster, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), xx, p. 283 (1867) [pt.] 
Macroxus punctatissimus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), Xx, p. 283 (1867). 
Sciurus gordoni, Anderson P,Z.S.,p.140 (1871); Blyth F.A.S. B., xliv, 
Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 240, pl. xix. 


Distribution —Assam from the Garo hills eastwards, Cachar, 
Manipur, and Upper Burma. 

This species, like the other grizzled squirrels, is an exceedingly 
variable one, so that it is difficult to say whether it should be treated 
as a single or as several species; the form in the Garo hills is dis- 
tinguished at once by its bright red tail of the same colour as the 
ventral surface (S. erythreus Pallas apud Blyth) in the list of 
specimens “a.” to “h” and “2?.” Eastwards in the Naga hills and 
about Samagooting the red tail-tip becomes black, specimens 
“7” to“u” in the list; southward a little in Cachar and Mani- 
pur the whole dorsal surface becomes very much darker, so that 
the extreme forms are almost black, this form: was named S. 
erythrogaster by Blyth and Macroxus punctatissimus by Gray, 
the specimens are lettered from ‘“v” to “a? ”; in Assam proper, 
the valley of the Brahmapootra, the original Garo hill form is 
found without any trace of the black tail at all, specimens “ b?” 
to “g?” finally, in Upper Burma a form is found resembling the 
Assam variety, but distinguished by generally possessing a narrow 
median line of the same colour as the back running between the 
bright chestnut of the rest of the ventral surface ; this was described 
by Anderson as a distinct species under the name of S. gor- 
doni, and is represented in the list by specimens lettered ‘‘h?” to 
“72.” As in several of the Assam specimens there are traces of 
this ventral line, there does not seem to be any reason why S. 
gordoni should remain distinct. 


a-b. 2Skins, g Garo hills. J. Anderson. 
& skulls, 
c. Skin By) i H. H. Godwin Austen. 
d. Skin & Dorengo, Garo hills. Museum Collector. 
ef. 2Sking — —avnss A. W. Chennell. 


&-h. 2 Stuffed Cherrapoonjee, Khasia hills F. Skipwith (1857), A.S.B. 
j-m 4 Se East Naga hills, 4-8-75. H. H. Godwin Austen. 
1 skull. 
m. Skin, skull Dimapur, Naga hills, 19-4- H. H. Godwin Austen. 


3 
o-p. 2 nar rs H. H. Godwin Austen. 
> see 
q. Skin Samagooting, Assam, J. Butler, 
r-u. 4 Skins, Naga hills. A. W. Chennell. 


3d 1 


SCIURUS. 17 


v, Skin Assam A, W. Chennell. 
w. Skin, gf ma A. W. Chennell. 
skull. 
way, 2 Skins, g Sylhet Zoological Gardens, 
1 skull. 
8. Skin Chittagong J. M. Lister. 
a’, Stuffed Manipur C. S. Guthrie (1842), 
A. . 
[Type of S. erythrogaster of Blyth]. 
2.¢2, 2 Skins g Dikrang, Assam H. H. Godwin Austen. 
@, Skin Toruputu, Duffla hills H. H. Godwin Austen, 
é. Skin ree H. H. Godwin Austen, 
f*-g?. 2 Skins, Assam F. Day [P.], 1876. 
2 skulls 
h?, Skin 9 Bhamo Burma, 23-2-68 J]. Anderson. 
j?-, 2 Stuffed si i 24-2-68 J. Anderson. 


2, Skin é@ Sagaing,Burma, 4-10-68 J. Anderson. 
(Four last are types of S. gordoni of Anderson. ] 


me", 3 Skins, 9 Bhamo, Burma,3-3-75 J. Anderson. 


3 skulls 
oo 
2% Skin, 9 Sawaddy, Burma, J. Anderson, 
skeleton. 31-1-75. . 
q-7*, 2Skins g 2nd Defile, Irrawad- J. Anderson. 
and skulls. dy, 5-3-75. 
s*. Skeleton 9 Bhamo, Burma J. Anderson, 
#2, Skeleton East Naga hills H. H. Godwin Austen. 
w?-v3, 2 Skulls = Upper Burma J. Anderson. 
w?, Skeleton Naga hills H. H. Godwin Austen. 
x.y, 2 Stuffed Assam F. Jenkins (1847), A.S.B,. 
uv, 
28n2, Skin Shillong | T. la Touche. 


Sciurus castaneoventris. 


Sciurus castaneoventris, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 263 (1842); Blyth 
F. A. S. B., xxix, p. 90; id. Cat, Mam., no. 322, p. 102; Swinhoe P.Z.S., 
1870, pp. 231, 633: Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 238; Fentink Notes 
Leyd. Mus., v, p. 123. s 

‘Sciurus griseopectus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 873 (1847); id. F¥. A. S. B., 
xxiv, p. 4743; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 634; id. P. Z. S., 1872, p. 818. 

Sciurus erythraus, apud Swinhoe P, Z. S., p.357 (1862). 


Distribution,—Western China and the islands of Formosa and 
Hainan. 

This form does not seem in any way separable from S. eryth- 
reus; it more especially resembles the Assam variety of the pre- 
ceding species, 


a. Stuffed China ‘Rajah R. Mullick (1847), 
A.S.B. 
[Type of S. griseopectus of Blyth.] 
6. Stuffed,skull Amoy, China, R. Swinhoe (1860), A.S.B. 


Cc 


18 MAMMALIA. 


Sciurus sladeni. 


Sciurus sladeni, Anderson P. Z.S., p. 139 (1871); Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv,’ 
Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 242, pl. xx. 
Sciurus atrodorsalis, apud Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus , v, p. 122 (1883). 


Distribution.—Upper Burma ; the type was from Thigyain, a 
town on the Irrawaddy between Mandalay and Bhamo. 


a. Stuffed, skull Thigyain, Upper Burma, J. Anderson. 
18-1-68. 


[Type of S. sladeni, Anderson.] 
2. Stuffed Thigyain, Upper Burma J Anderson. 


c-d. 2 Stuffed Upper Burma C. Williams (1864), AS.B. 
e. Skull Thigyain, Upper Burma, J. Anderson. 
18-1-68, 


Sciurus hippurus. 

Sciurus hippurus, Js. Geof. St. Hil. Etud. Zool., i, no. 6, pl. vi (1832.)*; id. 
Zool. Voy. aux Indes orient. Bélanger, p. 149 (1834); Miller and 
Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 92 ;-Cantor $. A. S. B. xv, p. 249 [pt.] ; 
Blyth F. A. S. B. xvi, p. 871; id, F. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 473; id. Cat, 
no, 319, p. 102; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 241; Fentink Notes Leyd. 
Mus., v, p. 118; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 76. 

Sciurus rufogaster, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 263 (1842). 


Distribution.—The Malay peninsula from Klang southwards, 


Sumatra, Java and-Borneo; Miller and Schlegel also give Canton, 
but this is probably a mistake. 


a. Skin Borneo E.R. Alston [P.} 

b. Stuffed Malacca R. W. G. Frith (1844), 
A.S.B. 

c. Stuffed a R. W. G. Frith (1844), 
A.S.B. 


Sciurus lokroides. 


Sciurus lokroides, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., v, p. 232 (1836); id. ¥. A. S. B, x, 
P- 915 ; McClelland P. Z.S., 1839, p- 152; Ogilby Royle’s Himal. Bot., 
p- Ixvii; Walker Calc, Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 266; Blyth F. A. S. B, xvi, 
pp. 873, 877; id. ¥. A. S. B., xviii, pt.i, p. 603; Horsfield Cat. E. I.\Mus., 
P- 153; Blyth F. A. S. B. xxiv, p. 475; Blyth Cat., no. 328, p. 104; 
Ferdon Mamm.,, p. 169; Blanford P. A. S. B., 1875, p. 198; Anderson 
Anat, Zool. Res., p. 247; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 119; Thomas 
P. Z. S., 1886, p. 61. 

Sciurus assamensis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 143 (1843) [pt.1; Horsfeld 
Cat. E. 1. Mus., p. 183; Blyth $. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 475; id. Caz., no. 326, 
P. 103; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 37. 

Sciurus blythii, Tytler Ann. Mag. N. H.(2), xiv, ps 172 (1854). 

Macroxus similis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xx, p. 281 (1867). 


Distribution —From Nepal eastwards through the Himalayas 


to Assam and southwards through Manipur to Arakan, Preparis 
Island and Upper Burma, 


a. Skin Nepal, 26-2-77 J. Scully. 
&. Skin Hetoura, Nepal, 17-12-77 J. Scully. 
e-d. 2Skins and Sikkim H. J. Elwes [Ex.] 


skulls, 


ef. 2 Skins 
g- Skin, skull, g 
[black var.] 
h-k. 3 Skins @ 


in, 3 Skins 
o-p. 2 Skins 
gq. Skin 
vy. Skin, skull 
s. Skin 


40 10 10 


t. Skin, skull 
u-v. 2 Skins 
w-y. 3 Skins, skull © 
3-b%. 3 Skins 
c.f. 4 Skins ¢ Q 
gt. 3 Skins, 
: skull. 
R-n?, 4 Skins juv. 
o-r3, 4 Skins 
s’, Skin 


é 


22, Skin, skull 
u?-w?, 3 Skins, 
skulls. 

x®, Skin, skull 


y*. Skin 
2, Skin 
é 


a’-b8, 2 Skins 

c3, Skin 

a3, Skin, skele- 

ton, 
e®-g8. 3 Stuffed 
A378. 2 Stuffed 
28-18, 2 Stuffed 
mi.n3, 2 Stuffed 

08, Stuffed 

p®. Skull 


g’. Skull 
7, Skull 
st-v8, 4 Skulls 
w’, Skin 
«8, Alc. 
wy. Alc. 

23, Alc. 
a‘, Alc. 

44, Alc. 


é 


Zool, Res. p» 254 


-SCIURUS, 


Darjeeling, 6,500 ft. 
Sikkim 


Darjeeling, 4,000 ft. 


Darjeeling terat 
Sikkim” 
Darjeeling 


” 


Dacca 

Lushai country 
Garo hills 
Naga hills 


” ” 
Samagooting, Assam 


” 
Manipur hills 
Harmutti Dikrang, 
Assam. 
Bhamo, Burma, 6-2-68 
Arakan 


Jergo Isle, Arakan 
Coast. 

Preparis Isle, Bay of 
Bengal, 3°73. 

Preparis, Isle, Bay of 
Bengal _ 

Amherst Isle, Arakan 
Coast. 

Sikkim 

Naga hills 


Darjeeling 
Assam 
Arakan 


Nowakot dist., Nepal, 
27-11-77 

Darjeeling 

Bhootan 

E. Naga hills 

Cachar 

Preparis Isle 

Darjeeling 


veeeee 


19 


W. T. Blanford. 
L. Mandelli, 


W. G. Masson (P.] 


J Anderson, 

J. Anderson, 

J. Anderson, 

J. Anderson. 

C. S. Bonnevie (1848), 
A.S.B. 

Mus. Collector. 

Mus. Collector. 

J. Anderson, 

H. H. Godwin Austen, 

A. W. Chennell. 

J. Butler. 


J. Butler. 
H. H. Godwin Austen. 
H_H. Godwin Austen. 


J. Anderson, 
Mus. Collector. 


G. M. Giles, 
V. Ball [Ex.] 
F. Stoliczka. 
J. Armstrong. 


Li. Mandellt. 
H. H. Godwin Austen, 


E. Blyth (1851), A.S.B, 

C. S. Bonnevie (1848), A.S.B. 
F. Jenkins (1846), A.S.B. 

Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. 

A. Grote, A.S.B. 

J. Scully. 


A.S.B. 

Dr. Pemberton. 

No history. 

H. H. Godwin Austen, - 
N. Belletty (1872.) 

F. Stoliczka 

W. T. Blanford. 

No history. 

No history, 


Sciurus chinensis. 


Sciurus chinensis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 144 (1843); Hovsfield Cat. 
E. I. Mus., p. 159; Swinkoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 634; Anderson Anat. 


C 2 


20 MAMMALIA, 


Distribution—South China. 
a@ Skin, skull China [J. Reeves] J. Anderson. 


Sciurus tenuis. 


Sciurus tenuis, Horsfield Zool. Res. (1824); Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 250; 
Blyth F. A. S. B,, xvi, p. 874; id. F. A. Ss. B., XX, pe 166 ; Horsfield Cat. 
E. I. Mus., p. 153; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, Pp. 476; id. Cat., no. 329, 

p.104; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 255} Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., 
v, p. 125; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 76. : 

Sciurus affinis, Horsfield (nec. Raffles) Zool. Res. (1824); id. Cat. E. I. 
Mus., p. 156. : 
Sciurus modestus, Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 96, pl. xxiv 
(1844); Blyth F. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 476; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res, 


P. 253- 

Distribution —The Malayan peninsula and the islands of 
Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Pulo Panjang in the Gulf of Siam; 
Miiller and Schlegel recorded it from China: this, however, is 
probably a mistake. 


a. Skin, skull, Q Perak, Mus. Collector (Jaffa) : 
6. Skin, skull Malacca[A. R. Wallace] British Mus. [Ex.} 
ce. Skin, skull Java Batavian Soc. (1844), A.S.B. 


Sciurus lokriah. 


Sciurus lokriah, Hodgson F. A. S.B.,v, p 232 (1836); McClelland P.Z.S., 
1839, p- 151; Ogilby Royle’s Himal. Bot. p. |xvii; Hodgson F. A. S. B., 
x, p.915; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., \st ed., p. 23; Blyth F. A. S. B, xvi, 
p- 873; Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p. 153; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxiv, 
p- 475; id. Cat., no. 327, p. 104; Ferdon Mamm, p. 169; Blyth F A.S.By 
xliv, Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. p. 250; Fentink 
Notes Leyd. Mus.,v, p 120; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 61. 

Sciurus subflaviventris, Gray List Mamm. B, M., p. 144 (1843); Horsfield 
Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 152 


Nepalese, Lokria; Bhotea, Zhamo; Lepcha, Killi tingdong. 

Distribution—From Nepal eastwards to the Naga hills and 
Assam ; is also found in the Arakan hills; it is found at a higher 
elevation apparently than Sciurus lokroides. 

This species can be at once distinguished from Sciurus lokriah 
by the white tuft of hair behind the ear-conch and by its brighter 
ventral surface. 


a, Skin, Q Sheopuri Ridge, Nepal J. Scully. 
Valiey, t9-6-78. 

b-c. 2Skins, g Sheopuri Ridge, Nepal J. Scully. 
Valley, 14-2-78. 


d. Skin, Sisagutu, Nepal, J. Scully. 
27-12-77. 
e. Skin, skull Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London. 
f. Skin, Darjeeling J. Anderson. 
g. Skin, @ Sikkim L. Mandelli 


A. Skin, juv. Darjeeling Mrs, Oakes (1843), A.S.B, 


SCIURUS., ar 


g. Skin, Naga hills H. H Godwin Austen, 

2, Skin, i “i A. W. Chennell. 

2. Skin, juv. Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A.S. B, 
m-n. 2 Stuffed, Nepal Mrs. Oakes, A. S. B. 

o. Skull, aeons No history, A. S. B. 

é. Skin, Shillong, Assam T. la Touche, 


Sciurus rufigenis. 


Sciurus rufigenis, Blanford P A. S. B., p. 72 (1878); id. F. A. S. B, xlvii, 
p. 156, pls. vii, vili; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 71. © 

Sciurus lokriah, apud Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 120 (1883). 
Disirtbution.—This species has only been found hitherto on 

the slopes of Mt. Mooleyet to the east of Moulmein in Tenasserim 

at an elevation of about 5,000 ft. 


[No specimens in the Museum. ] 


Sciurus alstoni. 


Sciurus alstoni, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 252, pl. xxi (1878); Fentink 
Notes Leyd. Mus., p. 118, 


Distribution —The type and only specimen known is said to 
have come from Borneo. 


a, Skin Borneo? Purchased. 
(Type of S. alstoni, Anderson.] 


Sciurus melanotis. 


Sciurus soricinus, Waterhouse Cat. Mamm, Mus, Zool. Soc., p. 46 (1838) ; 
Anderson Anat. Zooi. Res., p. 265; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus, v,p. 131. 
Sciurus melanotis, Miller and Schlegel Tem, Verhandl., p. 98, pl. xiv, 


figs. 4, 5 (1839-44). 

Distribution.—Java, Borneo, Sumatra, and Banka. 

Maller’s name is the correct one for this squirrel since Water- 
house gave no description, but only named it in his catalogue of 
the Museum of the Zoological Society. 


a, Skin Sarawak (Wallace) E. R. Alston [P.] 


Sciurus quinquestriatus. 


‘arus quinquestriatus, Anderson P. Z. S., p. 142, pl. x. (1871); Blyth 
ers s B. aly, Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., ps 266 ; 

Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus, v. p 123- : 

Distribution.—This species has been found only in the Kakhyen 
hills in Yunnan on the Burmese border. 


a-b, 2 Skins, Ponsee, Kakhyen hills, J. Anderson. 
2 skulls, 3,200 ft., 4-3-68. 


22 MAMMALIA. 


e. Skin Ponsee, Kakhyen hills, J, Anderson. 
3,200 ft., 18-4-68. 

d. Stuffed Ponsee, Kakhyen hills. J, Anderson. 
3,000 ft., 24-2-68. 


[Type of S. quinquestriatus, Anderson. ] 


Sciurus ferrugineus. 


Sciurus finlaysoni, Horsfield Zool. Res. (1824); id. Cat. Z. J. Mus., p. 154; 
Blanford Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), i, p. 152. ste ar ‘ 

Sciurus ferrugineus, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr.lix, with plate 
(1829) ; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 332; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, 
Pp. 40, 195; Blyth Cat., no, 317, p. 101; id. F. A. S. B,, xliv, Burma 
List, p. 36; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res. p. 243. 

Sciurus keraudrenii, Lesson, Cent. Zool., p. 11, pl. i (1830); Blyth $. A. 
S.B., xvi, p. 872; id. F. A. S.B., xxiv, p. 474 ; Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., 

- 156. 

Schurus splendidus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p, 263 (1842). 

Sciurus cinnamoneus, Temminck Esquis, Zool., p. 250 (1853). 

Sciurus siamensis, Gray, P. Z. S., p 478 (1859) ; id. P. Z. S., 1861, p. 137. 

Sciurus splendens, Gray P. Z. S.. p. 137 (1861). ; 

Sciurus germani, A. Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), xix, p. 193 (1867). 

Sciurus bocourti, A. Milne Edwards Rev, Mag. Zool. (2), xix, p. 193 
(1867). 

Seas leucogaster, A. Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), xix, p. 196 
(1867). 


Distribution.—Arakan and Pegu eastwards; is spread through 
Siam and Cambodia to the Island of Pulo Condor. 

All the specimens in the Museum, except one of the entirely black 
variety [S. germani Milne Edw.], belong to the typical S. ferru- 
gineus of a pure red colour with black feet and a white tail-tip; 
the various other forms of the species to which the larger number 
of the synonyms above have been applied are a!] Siamese and 
Cambodian forms; the types of these supposed species were ex- 
amined by Anderson, who came to the conclusion that they were 
all accidental or geographical varieties. 


a, Skin Arakan Museum Collector. 
6. Skin, skull Rangoon [H. Fielden] E.R. Alston [P.] 
e-d. 2 Skins, skull Burma C. Williams (1865), A.S.B. 
e. Skin 4 E. R. Alston [P.] 
J. Skin, skull. No history, A. S. B. 
g-h. 2 Stuffed. Arakan Sir A. Phayre (1845), A.S.B. 


j-k. 2 Stuffedg 9 Syriam, Pegu. 1-76 J. Armstrong 


Var. germant, 


a, Skin, Pulo Condor Isle, Paris Mus, [Ex.] 
Cambodia. 
(M. Germain, Col.j 


SCIURUS. 23 


Sciurus badging. 


? Sciurus notatus, Boddaert Elench. Anim., p. 119 (1785) * 

Sciurus badging, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd. p. 269 (1792)*; Thomas 

: P. Z.S., 1886, p.76; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., xi, p. 27. 

Sciurus plantani, Ljuugh Kongl. Vettens, Akad. N. Handl., xxii, p. 90, 
pl. i. (1801); Horsfield Zool, Res., with plate, 1824; id. Cat., E. I. Mus., 
Pp. 151; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 267; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., 
V, p. 133+ 

ao a var. “ Plantane Squirrel,” Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt.i, p. 147 

1801). 

Sciurus bilineatus, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist, Nat., x, p. 106 (1817). 

Sciurus bivittatus, Desmarest Mamm. Suppl., p. 543 (1820) ; Horsfield Zool. 
Res., 1824. 

Sciurus vittatus, Raffes Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 259 (1822); F. Cuvier, 
Hist. Nat. Mamm., with plate; Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl. 
Pp. 94; Cantor F. A.S.B., xv, p. 250; Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p 872, 
Horsfield Cat. £, I. Mus., p. 152; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 476; id. 
Cat., no. 332, p. 104; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 266. 

Sciurus nigrovittatus, Horsfield Zool. Res, (1824) ; Miiller and Schlegel Tem. 
Verhandl, p.95; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv,p. 250; Blyth F¥. A. S.B., xvi, 
p. 872; Horsfeld Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 152; Blyth ¥. A. S.B., xxiv, p. 476; 
id. Cat., no. 333, p- 105. 

Sciurus griseiventer, Js, Geof. St. Hil, Zool. Voy. aux Indes orient. Bélanger, 
Pp. 147 (1834). 

Distribution —The Malay peninsula and the Islands of Sumatra, 


Java and Borneo; also Canton according to Miller. 


a. Skin, Q Taping River, Perak Mus. Collector. 
& Skin, skull Malacca F. Stoliczka. 
c. Skin. Malay peninsula Rev. F. Lindstedt, A. S. B. 
a. Skin, & West Java Purchased. 
[Wallace, 1861]. 
e. Skin, Fr ‘5 i Purchased. 
Sf. Skin. @ Sarawak Purchased. 
(Wallace, 1854]. 
g. Skin. ¢ E. R. Alston [ P. ] 
A. Skin, skull. @ W. Rutledge. 
j. Skin, skeleton 2 Zoological Gardens. 
& Skull, skull. A.S.B. 
len, 3 Stuffed. Malay peninsula. G. Moxon, A.S.B. 
o-p. 2 Stuffed. a a3 E. Lindstedt, A.S.B. 
q. Skin, skeleton Zoological Gardens. 


Sciurus prevostii. 


Sciurus prevostii, Desmarest Mamm, p. 335 (1820); Waterhouse P. Z. S. 
1842, p.116; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. p. 269; Fentink Notes Leyd. 
Mus., V, p. 31; id. ibid, xi, p.27; Thomas, P. Z. S., 1886, p. 76. 

Sciurus rafflesii, Vigors and Horsjfield, Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 113, pl. iv. 
(1828) ; Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., P.93;, Cantor. FAS. B,, 
xv, p. 248; Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 871; Temminck Esquiss. Zool., 
p. 242; Blyth F. A. S. B. xxiv, p. 472; id. Caz, no. 315, p. 101. 

Sciurus redimitus, Boon Mensch, N. Verhandl. Nederl. Inst., ii, p. 243, 
with plate (1829)*; Temminck Esquiss, Zool., p. 245; Blyth FA. S. B., 
xxiv, p. 472; id. Cat., no. 316, p. 101. 
ciurus rufogularis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. A, x, p. 263 (1842). 

Siurus rufonigra, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H, x, p. 263 (1842). 


24 MAMMALIA. 


Sciurus erythromelas, Temminck Esquiss. Zool., p. 248 (1853). ; 
Sciurus prevostii, var. sumatrana, var. bangkana and var. bornensis, S, 
atricapillus, and S. erythrogenys, Schlegel Nederl. Tijdsch, i, pp. 25-29, 
1, i, 11 (1863). 3 
ee rafflesii, Macroxus sarawakensis, Macroxus pluto, Gray Ann. 
Mag. N. H. (3), XX, pp. 277; 283, (1867). 


Distrtbution—The Malay peninsula, Sumatra, Banka, Billiton, 
Borneo and Celebes. 


a, Skin Malacca E.R. Alston [P.] 
6. Skin Q Matang, 9-70 E. R. Alston (P.] 
c-d, 2Skins é@ Borneo E.R. Alston [P.] 

and skulls. 

e. Skin, skeleton cee Zoological Gardens, 

f. Stuffed and Malacca A. Charlton, A. S. B. 
skull. 

g. Stuffed and 4 R. W.G. Frith, A. S. B. 
skull. 

h. Stuffed Borneo Batavian Soc. (1844) A.S.B. 

jy» Ale. é ssa Zoological Gardens. 

k. Ale. g bes wen O. L, Fraser. 


Sciurus palmarum. 


Sciurus palmarum, Linnaeus Syst. Nat. rath ed., i, p. 86 (1766); Sykes 
P. Z. S., 1831, p. 103; Waterhouse Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, 1837, p. 406; 
Elliot Madr. Ffourn., x, p. 216 {pt.]; Ogilby Royle Him. Bot., p. Ixvii 5 
Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 573; Hutton, F. A.S.B., xv. p. 168. 
Blyth $. A. S.B., xvi, 874; id. FAS. B., xx, p. 166; Horsfield Cat, 
E. I. Mus., p. 152; Blyth Cat., no. 339, p- 106; Ferdon Mamm., p.170 
McMaster Notes on Ferdon, pp. 50, 196; Stolicska F. A. S.B., xli, p, 228; 
Rainey P. A. S. B., 1875, p. 159; Blanford Persia, p. 50; Anderson 
Anat Zool. Res., p. 257; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 138; Murray 
Zool. Sind., p. 42; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p.'56. 

Sciurus penicillatus, Leach. Zool. Misc., 1, p. 6, pl. i (1814)* ; Horsefild Cat. 
E. I. Mus. p. 152. : : 


The Palm squirrel; Hindustani, Gilheri; Bengali, Beral or 
Lakki; Mahratta, Kharri; Canarese, Alalu; Telegu, Vodata; 
Waddurs, Urta. 

Distribution —The Palm squirrel is found all over the penin- 
sula of India from the terai region of the Himalayas southwards ; 
westwards it has been got by Blanford at Pishin in Persian Balu- 
chistan, and eastwards it does not seem to occur beyond Calcutta ; 
it is also said to be absent from the east coast country about the 
Northern Circars and from Malabar. 


a. Skin Q Pishin, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 
J-2-72. 
b. Stina Bichiakoh, Nepal terai, J. Scully. ; 
21-12-77. 
e-d. 2 Skins = g Manbhoom Mus. Collector (1866), 
e. Skin Calcutta E. Blyth (1842), A.S, B, 
f-g. 2Skins ¢ % J. Anderson. 
&, Skin, & Botanical Gardens J. Anderson (1870). 


skull. 


SCIURUS. 25 


j. Skin nr. Chanda, C, P., 6-5-67 Museurn Collector. 
&, Skin, skull Hyderabad H. Gould (1855), A. S. B. 
2. Skin uavaee E. R. Alston, [P.] 
m. Stuffed Calcutta E. Blyth (1842), A. S. B, 
n. Ale. Rajanpur, Punjab. E. Saunders, 
o. Alc. Sie tes O. L, Fraser,. 
(white var.) 


Sciurus tristriatus, 


Sciurus tristriatus, Waterhouse Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. 496 (1837); id, 
P.Z.S., 1839, p. 118; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, pp. 874,1001; id. ¥. A. S. B., 
xviii, p. 601; id. ¥ A.S. B., xx, p. 166; Kelaart Prodr, Faun, Zeylan., 
Pp. 51; Blyth Cat., no. 340, p. 106; F$erdon Mamm., p. 171; Anderson 
Anat, Zool, Res., p. 258; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus. v, p. 137. 

Sciurus palmarum, apud Elliot, Madr. Four n., x, p. 216 (1839) (pt.] 

Sciurus penicillatus, afud Gray, List Mamm. B. M., p. 141 (1841). 

Sciurus brodiei, ae F.A.S.B., xviii, p. 602 (1849); id. F. A. S.B., xx, 
p. 166; id. ¥. A. S. B, xxi, p. 350; Layard Ann, Mag. N. H. (2), ix, 
p- 335; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., Pp» 53. 

Sciurus kelaarti, Layard F, A. S. B., xviii, p. 602 (1849) ; Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, 
p. 166; id. ¥. A. S. B. xxi, p. 380 ; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. §3: 

Sciurus dussumierii, ‘A, Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), xix, p. 226 


(1867). 


Cingalese, Leyna. 

Distribution—Sikkim Himalayas, Midnapore and through Cen- 
tral and Southern India and Ceylon, especially in forest country ; 
it does not appear to be found in the low country round Madras. 

The specimens lettered ‘“‘a,” “g” and “h” in the list below 
from Sikkim and Travancore respectively, differ considerably from 
the rest of the specimens, and perhaps might be considered to form 
a distinct variety ; the dorsal stripes which are particularly conspi- 
cuous in all the other specimens in these abovementioned ones are 
reduced to insignificance, 


a. Skin Sikkim H. J. Elwes [Ex.] 
é-c. 2 Skins Midnapore, Bengal E. Blyth, A. S. B. 
ad. Skin nr. Ranchi, 18-5-70 W. T. Blanford. 
e. Skin, skull Trombay Isle, Bombay, H. H. Godwin Austen. 
21-1-75. ; 
Ff. Skin Kalakhul, 25-2-75. H. H. Godwin Austen, 
gh. 2 Skins Travancore. Purchased. 
gj» Skin Ceylon. R. Templeton, A. S. B. 
k. Skin 5 E. L. Layard (1845), A. S. B. 
[The above two are types of S. kelaarti, Layard.] 
2, Skin Ceylon. E. F. Kelaart (1850), A. S. B. 
m. Skin ii Columbo Museum, 
n-q. 4 Skins, skull eats F, Day [P.J 
vy. Skin senses No history. 
s. Stuffed Ceylon E. L. Layard, A. S. B. 
[Type of S. brodei, Blyth.] 
t-u, 2 Stuffed aie as No history, A. S. B. 


v. Skull ooeeee No history, 


26 MAMMALIA. 


Sciurus sublineatus. 


Sciurus sublineatus, Waterhouse P.Z.S., p. 19. (1838); Blyth F. A. S. B.,, 
xvi, p. 878; Horsfield Cat. E. J. UM, p.151; Blyth Cat., no. 342, p. 107; 
Ferdon Mamm., p. 173; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 260; Fentinkg 
Notes Leyd, Mus., v, p. 136. 

Sciurus delesserti, Gervais Bull. Soc. Philom. (dans. I’Instit, Fourn, 
Gen. des Soc. Sci.) rst sect., no. 386 (1841)*; Blyth F A. S. B., xi, p. 
880; Guérin Méniville Fourn. d’un Voyage dans l'Inde (Delessert), 

- 18, pl. iii*. 

Sclurus tdlineatls) Waterhouse apud Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 165 (1851) 

Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 54. 


Distribution.—The hills of Southern India and Ceylon. 


a, Skin Nilgiris T. C. Jerdon (1844), A.S.B. 

6, Skin Malabar Rev. J. Baker (1859), A.S.B. 

c. Skin, skull Ceylon E, F. Kelaart (1857), A.S.B. 
ri 


Sciurus layardi. 


Sciurus layardi, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xviii, p. 602 (1849); Kelaart Prodr. 
Faun. Zeylan., p. $3; Layard Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), ix, p. 335; Blyth 
Cat., no. 341, p. 107; Fferdon Mamm., p. 172; Anderson Anat. Zool Res., 
p- 260. 


Distribution —Travancore hills and the highlands of Ceylon. 

This squirrel is considered by Jentink to be identical with S, 
tristriatus, from which it differs however markedly in that the 
yellow dorsal streak extends a very much shorter distance both 
anteriorly and posteriorly, and the ventral surface is a bright chest- 
nut instead of a very pale yellow, so that unless intermediate forms 
are found it would certainly be better to keep them apart. 


a, Skin skull Ambegamoa hills, E. L. Layard (1843), A.S.B.- 
Ceylon. 


(Type of S. layardi, Blyth.] 


Sciurus berdmorei., 


Sciurus berdmorei, Blyth F. A. S. B., xviii, p. 603; id.. ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, 
p: 418; id. F. A. S.B., xxxi, p. 333; id. Cat., no. 338, p. 106; id. F A. 
S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 261; 
Fentink Notes Leyd .Mus.,v, p. 137, (1861) ; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p.71 ; 
Anderson $. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 340. 

Sciurus mouhotii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 137 (1861); Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xvii, 
p. 162. 

ae aa A, Milne Edwards Rev, Mag. Zool, (2), xix, p, 225 
(1867). 


Distribution.—Tenasserim from Martaban to Mergui; also Cam- 
bodia and Cochin China. 


a-b. 2Skins g Q nr.Martaban, Tenasserim E. Blyth (1861), A.S.B. 
e. Skin Thaing, Mergui, 28-1-82 J. Anderson, 


SCIURUS. 27 


a. Skin, skull Thaing, Mergui, 31-1-82 J. Anderson 
e. Skull sehews A.S.B. 


Sciurus macclellandi, 


Sciurus macclellandii, Horsfield P. Z.S., p. 152 (1839); Blyth ¥. A. S.B., 
xvi, p. 875; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 151; id. Ann. Mag. N. H. 
(2), xvi, p. 113; Gray P. Z, S., 1861, p. 137; Swinhoe P. Z. S,, 1862, 
P- 357; Blyth Cat., no. 344, p. 107; $erdon Mamm., p. 173; Swinhoe 
P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 232, 634; id. P. Z.S., 1872, p. 818; Anderson Anat. 
Zool. Res., p. 263; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 139; Thomas 
P. Z. S., 1886, pp. 61, 71. 

Sciurus pembertonii, Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 887 (1842). 

Sciurus barbei, Blyth ¥, A. S.B., xvi, p. 875 (1847); id. FA. S. B., xviii, 
p- 603; id. Cat., no, 343, p. 107; Blyth FA. S. B., xliv, Burma List, 
Pp. 38; Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 164. 

Tamias leucotis, Temminck Esquis. Zool. p. 252 (1852). 

Sciurus rodolphii, A, Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool., xix, p. 227 (1867). 

Sciurus macclelandii var. swinhoei, Milne Edwards Rech, Mamm., p. 308, 
(1868-71). 


Lepcha, Kalli gangdin. 

Distribution.—Sikkim and Assam, extending eastwards through 
Thibet and the Chinese provinces of Kiangsi, Fokien, and Kwang- 
tung to Formosa and Hainan, and southwards through Manipur 
to Burma, Tenasserim, the Malay peninsula, Cambodia and 
Cochin China. 


a-d. 4 Skins Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
e-f. 2 Skins ” H. J. Elwes [Ex.] 

g. Skin Rinok, Sikkim, 5,000 W. T. Blanford 

feet, 17-8-70. 

h. Skin Darjeeling, 7,000 feet W. G. Masson [P.] 
j-k. 2 Skins 7 Mrs. Oakes A. S. B. 
lem, 2Skins @ Naga hills’ H. H. Godwin Austen. 
n-p. 3 Skins East Naga hills, 4-8-75 H.H. Godwin Austen. 

q. Skin g@onr. Peak 24, Naga, H. H. Godwin Austen 

hills, 2-75. ; 

vy Skin ¢ Chota Naga hills, A. W. Chennell. 

16-12-75. 
s. Skin Q Naga hills, 17-4-76 A. W. Chennell. 
t-u, 2 Skins Asalu, North Cachar H. H. Godwin Austen, 
g-w. 2Skins Q Doffla hills, Assam H. H. Godwin Austen, 
«. Skin Ponsee, Kakhyen hills, J. Anderson (1868) 
3,500 ft. 
y-b*, 4 Skins, Moulmein Museum. Collector. 
2 skulls. 
.d*, 2 Skins Yé, Tenasserim _ Rev. J. Barbe (1843), A.S.B. 
[2 Types of S. barbei, Blyth.] 
e*, Skin Tenasserim Major Berdmore (1846),A.S.B. 
f?. Skin Moupin, Thibet Paris Museum (Ex.] 
[David, 10-69]. 
g’. Skin Miwan, E, Kiangsi Paris Museum [Ex.] 


[David, 9-73] 
h®, Skin Formosa [R. Swinhoe} E. R. Alston [P.] 


28 MAMMALIA, 


j?-B. 2 Ale. East of Irrawady River T. H. Hood (1872). 
P.m?. 2 Alc. Samagooting, Assam J. Butler. 
n?, Alc. Darjeeling W.T. Blanford, A. S. B. 
0, Alc. Sibsagar, Assam S. E. Peel. 
p?-g?. 2 Ale. Moulmein, Burma J. Wood Mason. 


Sciurus insignis. 


Sciurus insignis, 7. Cuvier Hist, Nat. Mamm., lior. xxxiv, with plate (1821); 
Horsfield Zool. Res. with plate; Miiller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., 
pp. 87, 99; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 151; Anderson Anat. Zool. 
Res., p 262; Fentink Notes Leyd, Mus., v, p. 136; Thomas P, Z. S, 
1886, p. 78. 


Distribution—Malay peninsula from Selangore southwards, 
Sumatra, Java and Borneo; Anderson gives Canton, but this is 
somewhat doubtful. 


a, Skin,skull g Malacca E, R. Alston [P]. 


Sciurus vulgaris. 


Sciurus vulgaris, Linnaeus. Syst Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 86 (1766). 

Sciurus alpinus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. xxiv, with plate (1821), 

Sciurus varius, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., i, p. 183 (1831). 

Sciurus italicus, Bonaparte Icon. Faun. Ital. with plate (1838). 

Sciurus europzus, Gray List Mam. B. M., p. 139 (1843); id. Cat, Hodgs. 
Coll., 1st ed., p. 23; Blyth Cat., nc. 337) P. 106. 

? Mustela calotus, Hodgson Cale. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 221, pl. ix (1842). 

Sciurus calotus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), xx, p. 272 (1867). 


Distribution.—Europe and Northern Asia, as far south as the 
Caucasus, Thibet and Northern China. 


a. Stuffed England Cornish Institution (1842), 
A.S.B. 

6. Stuffed ij A. D. Bartlett (1840), A.S.B. 

c. Stuffed i W. Davison (1846), A.S.B. 

d, Skull a A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. 

e. Alc. ¢ ” Zoological Gardens. 


Sciurus fulvus. 


Sciurus fulvus Blanford Ann. Mag. N. H.(4), xvi, p. 311 (1875); id. Persia, 

P- 49, pl. iv, fig. 1. 

Disiribution.—South Persia. 

This species will probably turn out to be identica) with Sciurus 
syriacus of Ehrenberg, and has in fact been already considered so 
by Jentink; the types, however, have not been compared, as the 
only specimen of S. fulvus is the one now in the Museum here, 
so that for the present it has been left as a distinct species. 


a. Skin @ nr. Shiraz, 4,000 feet Sir O. St. John (1870), 
[Type of Sciurus fulvus, Blanford.] 


SCIURUS. 29 


Sciurus carolinensis. 

Sciurus carolinensis, Gmelin Syst Nat., i, p. 148 (1788); Allen Monographs 
NV. Amer, Rodents, p. 700. 

Sciurus pennsylvanicus, Ord Guthrie's Geogr., 2nd ed., p. 292 (1815)*. 

Sciurus niger, Godman Amer, Nat. Hist., ii, p. 133 (1826)*. 

Sciurus leucotis, Gapper Zool. Fourn., v, p. 206, pl. xi (1830); Blyth Cat. 
NO. 335, P. 105. 

Sciurus fuliginosus, Bachman P. Z. S., p. 97 (1838). 

Sciurus vulpinus, Dekay New York Zool., i, p. 59 (1842). 

Sciurus migratorius, Audubon and Bachman Quad, N. Amer, i, p. 265, 
pl. xxxv (1849).* 


The Grey Squirrel. 
Distribution.—Southern Canada; the United States east of the 
plains, South Mexico and Guatemala. 


a, Skin Ontario, Canada J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 

6. Skin 3 Seueaie Zoological Gardens, 

6. Skin Chains Purchased. 

d. Alc, 9 North America W. Rutledge. 

e. Alc. sears .W. Rutledge. 

Ff. Skin, ske- 9 soeaee Zoological Gardens. 
leton. 

g. Stuffed North Carolina Rev. F. Fitzgerald (1852), 


Sciurus niger. 


Sciurus niger, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 86 (1766); Allen Mono- 
gvaphs N, Amer, Rodents, p. 717. 

Sciurus cinereus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 86 (1766). 

Sciurus variegatus, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 421 (1777). 

Sciurus vulpinus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 147 (1788). 

Sciurus virginianus, Kerr Linn, Anim. Kingd., p. 259 (1792 *, 

Sciurus capistratus, Bosc Ann. Mus. Paris, i, p. 281 (1802)*. 

Sciurus rufiventris, M’Murtrie’s Cuv. An. Kingd., i, p. 433 (1831)*. 

Sciurus texianus, Bachman P. 7. S., p. 86 (1838). 


e 
The Fox Squirrel. 
Distribution.—Eastern United States westward to the plains. 


a. Skin North America J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 


Sciurus hudsonius. 


Sciurus vulgaris, apud Forster Phil. Trans., Ixii, p. 378 (1772). 

Sciurus hudsonius, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 370 (1778); Blyth 
Cat., no. 336, p. 105; Allen Monographs N. Amer, Rodents, p. 672. 

Sciurus carolinus, Ord Guthrie's Geogr., 2nd ed., p. 292 (1815)*. 

Sciurus rubrolineatus, Desmarest Mamm., ii, p. 333 (1822). 


The Chikaree, 
Distribution-—The northern half of North America. 


a. Skin Lucknow, Ontario, 7-84 J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
6. Skin Ontario. ]. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
ec. Skin i J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
da. Skin N, America. A. D. Bartlett (1842), A.S.B. 


30 MAMMALIA. 


Sciurus annulatus. 


Sciurus annulatus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 338 (1820); Blanford Abyssinia, 
p. 278; Fentink Notes Leyd, Mus., iv, p. 23. 

Sciurus gambianus, Ogiloy P. Z. S., p. 103 (1838). 

Sciurus multicolor, Rippell N. Wirbelth, p. 38, pl. xiii (1835). 

Sciurus bougensis, Heuglin Reise N. O. Afrika, ii, p. 59 (1877)*. 

Sciurus rufobrachiatus, apud Huet Arch. Mus. Paris (2), iii, p. 144 (1880). 


Distribution.—Northern Africa from Senegal to Abyssinia. 


a. Skin Anseba valley, Abyssi- W. T. Blanford. 
nia, 4,000 ft., 28-7-68. 
6. Skin Anseba valley, Abyssi- W.T. Blanford. 


nia, 4,000 ft., 4-8-68. 


Genus RHINOSCIURUS. 
Rhinosciurus, Gray List. Mamm. B. M., p.195 (1843). Type, R. laticaudatus. 


Rhinosciurus laticaudatus. 


Sciurus laticaudatus, Miiller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl, p. 100, pl. xv, 
figs. 1, 2, 3 (1839-44); Cantor F. A. S. 8., xv, p. 251; Blyth F.A.S. B., 


XX, p. 167. 
Rhinosciurus tupaioides, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p.195 (1843); Blyth 


¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 477; id. Cat., no. 345, p. 108. 3 
Sciurus (Rhinosciurus) tupaioides, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p.275 (1878). 
Rhinosciurus laticaudatus, fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 140 (1883). 
Sciurus (Rhinosciurus) laticaudatus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 78 (1886). 


Distribution —The Malay peninsula from Klang southwards 
and the Island of Borneo, 


a. Stuffed Malay peninsula G. Moxon (1851) A.S.B. 


Genus TAMIAS., 


Tamias, Illiger Prodr., p. 83 (1811). Type, T. striatus. 
Tenotis, Rafinesgue Am. Month, Mag., i, p. 362 (1817)*. 


Tamias striatus. 


Sciurus striatus, Linn@us Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p. 87 (1766). 

Tamias americana, Kuhl, Beitr, Zool., p. 69 (1820). 

Sciurus (Tamias) lysteri, Richardson Faun. Bor. Amer.,i, p.181, pl. xv 
(1829). : 

Tamias striatus, Baird. N. Amer. Mamm., p. 292, pl. xlvi, fig. 2 (1857)*; 
Allen Monographs N, Amer. Rodents, p. 782. 


The Chipmunk. 
Distribution.—Canada and the States east of the Rocky Moun- 
tains. 


a.-b. 2 Skins Ontario J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
ce Skin aie No history, 


XERUS. 31 


Genus XERUS. 
Xerus, Hempr. and Ehr., Symb. Phys. (1832). 


Xerus rutilus. 


Sciurus'rutilus, Cretzschmar Rippell’s Atlas, p. 59, pl. xxiv, (1826); Blan- 
ford Abyssinia, p. 278; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., iv, p. 41. 

Sciurus brachyotus, Hempr. and Ehr. Symb. Phys., pl. ix (1832). 

Sciurus simplex, Lesson Hist. Nat. Mamm., v, p. 402 (1836). 

Xerus rutilus, Gray List. Mamm. B. M., p. 144 (1843). 

Xerus dabagala Heuglin Peters. Mitth., p. 17 (1861). 

Xerus flavus, A. Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 229 (1867). 

Xerus fuscus Huet Arch, Mus. Paris (2), iii, p. 139, pl. vi, fig., i (1880). 


Distribution.— Abyssinia and Somali land across to Gaboon? 


a, Skin Lower Sooroo, Abyssinia, 1,500 ft., 12-1-68 W. T. Blanford. 
6. Skin a a ey 1-6-68 W. T. Blanford. 
c. Skin. Annesley Bay, Massowah 4-1-68 W. T. Blanford. 


Xerus erythropus. 


Sciurus erythropus, Et. Geoff. St. Hil. Cat. Mamm, Mus. Hist. Nat., p. 178 
(1803)* ; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., iv, p. 43. 

Sciurus albovittatus, Desmarest N. Dict. Hist. Nat., x, p. 110 (1817). 

Sciurus leuco-umbrinus, Rippell N. Wirbelth., p. 38 (1835); Blanford 
Abyssinia, p. 279. 

Sciurus pyrrhopus apud Wagner Schreb, Siugeth. Suppl, iii, p. 215 (1843). 

Xerus congicus, apud Temminck Esquis. Zool., i, p. 125 (1853). 

Xerus setosus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. A. (3), XX, P+ 333 (1867) (pt.]. 


Distribution.—Africa from Senegal to Abyssinia and from Egypt 
to Zanzibar. 


a. Skin Q Adigrat-Tigré, Abyssinia 8,000 ft., 3-4-68. W.T.Blanford. 


&. Skin g Adigrat-Tigré, » 8,000 ft., 31-3-68. W. T. Blanford. 
c. Skin Senafé-Tigré x 7,500 ft., 25-2-68. W. T. Blanford. 
d. Skin Q Adigrat-Tigré », 8,000 ft., §-5-68. W T. Blanford. 
* e. Skin @ Bedjuk, Anseba valley ,, 4,200 ft., 16-7-68. W. T. Blanford. 
f. Skin g Bedjuk, Anseba valley ,, 4,200 ft., 15-768. W. T. Blanford. 
g. Skin Q Senafé-Tigré 1» 7,500 ft., 27-3-68. W. T. Blanford, 
h. Skin @ Adigrat-Tigré » 8,000 ft , 21-4-68. W. T. Blanford. 
j» Skin Adigrat »» 8,000 ft., 5-4-68. W. T. Blanford. 
k. Skin g Adigrat-Tigré » 8,000 ft., 4-5-68. W. T. Blanford. 
1, Skin Q Senafé ») 7,500 ft., 25-2-68, W. T. Blanford. 
m. Skin Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. 
n. Skin ‘5 W. T. Blanford. 
v. Skeleton 3 W. T. Blanford. 


Xerus capensis. 


Sciurus capensis, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 266 (1792)*; $Fentink 


Notes Leyd. Mus., iv, p. 48. : 
Sciurus namaquensis, Lichtenstein Cat, Rerum Nat. Raviss, p.2 (1793)*. 


32 MAMMALIA. 


Sciurus levaillanti, Kuhl Beitr. Zool., p. 67 (1820). 

Sciurus ocularis, Smith Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 439 (1820). 

Sciurus setosus, Smuts Enum. Mamm. Capens., p. 33 (1832); Blyth Cat, 
no. 346, p. 108. : 


Distributton.—South Africa. 
a. Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard (1859), A.S.B. 


Genus PTEROMYS. 


Pteromys, G, Cuvier Tableau Gen. in Legons d’Anat. Comp., i, tabl. 1 

(1800)*. 

The following key is constructed to enable the reader to dis- 
tinguish the typical forms only. All the species of this genus resem- 
ble one another so closely and so run into one another that it is 
impossible to construct a key into which every specimen will fit. 


Key of the Indian Species. 
a. Dorsal surface dark brown or black ; no tinge of reddish. 


6. Hairs of dorsal surface but slightly tipped with white. 
P. oral, p. 33.° 


22, Hairs strongly tipped with white, giving the dorsal surface a 
hoary grizzled appearance. P. cineraceus, p. 33. 


a? Dorsal surface with a reddish or yellowish tinge, never black 
or brown. 


c. No shoulder patch; dorsal surface comparatively uniform. 


d. Fur of dorsal surface red, with well-developed white tips 
producing a hoary red appearance; tail longer than 
head or body : ; P. alborufus, p. 34. 


d, Fur of dorsal surface dark maroon with but slight 
traces of the white tips to the hairs. 
P. yunnanensis, p. 35. 


d®,. Dorsal fur grizzled gray, more reddish on the para- 
chute, tail shorter than the head and body together, 

body about 16, tail about 12 inches. 
P, albiventer, p. 35. 


c*. Dorsal fur generally dark maroon and forming a strong 
contrast to that of the shoulders and parachute, which 
is yellow, usually but slight traces of grizzling. 

P, magnificus, p. 35. 


c>, Resembling P. albiventer, but somewhat smaller (body 
about 13, tail about 13 inches), with the top of the head 


PTEROMYS. 33 


of a pure grey colour, contrasting with the colour of 
the rest of the body... . P, caniceps, p. 36. 


Pteromys oral. 


Var. A.—typicus. 


Sciurus petaurista, Pallas Miscell., p. 54, pl. vi, figs. 1, 2 (1766) [pt.]*. 

Pteromys petaurista, Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 106 (1839-44); 
Blyth F. A. S. Bx, p. 919; id. F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 865; Horsfield Cad. 
E. I. Mus. p. 159; Blyth F. A. S.B., xxviii, pp. 276, 286; id. Cat., no. 291, 
P- 94; Ferdon Mamm., p. 174. 

Pteromys philippensis, apud Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 217 (1839). 

Pteromys oral, Tickell Calc. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 401, pl. xi (1842); Blyth 
F. A. S. B., xi, p. 451; id. F A. S. B., xx, p. 165; Kelaart Prodr. 
Faun, Zeylan, p. 55; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 279. 

Pteromys griseiventer, Gray List Mamm. 8. M., p. 133 (1843); Blyth 
F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 277. 


j Var. B.—cineraceus, 


Pteromys petaurista, apud Walker Cal. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 266 (1843); 
Horsfield Cat. Mamm. E. £. Mus., p. 159 [pt-]} 

Pteromys petaurista var. cineraceus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 865 (1847). 

Pteromys cineraceus, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 276 (1859); id. Cat., 
no. 292, p. 94; id. ¥. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 35; Blanford 
F.A.S.B., xvii, p. 165; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 281; Thomas 
P. Z. S., 1886, p. 67. 


Distribution —The typical variety is found all over the penin- 
sula of India and Ceylon wherever there are forests ; it is specially 
abundant in the Malabar country. The var. cineraceus is ap- 
parently only found in Arakan. 

This species including P. cineraceus and the following ones, 
namely, P. alborufus, P. yunnanensis, P. magnificus, P. albiventer 
and P. caniceps, all seem very closely allied to one another, and it is 
perhaps more as a matter of convenience than as a representation of 
their true relationship to one another that they should be kept sepa- 
rate ; as far as their Skulls are concerned it is impossible to separate 
them, and although typical specimens of these several so-called 
species are easily distinguished from one another, there are in the 
Museum collections intermediate forms between most of them. 

The prevailing colour of Pteromys oral is dark brown or black, 
with only slight traces of white tips to the dorsal fur. These white 
tips are much more developed in P. cineraceus, the typical forms 
of which seem to be confined to Arakan. Southwardsin Burma and 
Tenasserim, and northwards in Assam, the dark brown or black 
‘ground colour is replaced by bright red, and this variety seems to 
correspond to the species described by Milne Edwards from 
Moupin in Thibet (P. alborufus). The species described by 
Anderson from Momien in Yunnan resembles P, alborufus, but is 


D 


34 MAMMALIA. 


of a darker colour and has lost the white tips to the fur; this form 
is also distinguished by its long and very dark tail. 

Pteromys magnificus from Nepal and Sikkim seems at first to be 
a well marked species with its very dark maroon dorsal surface, 
with hardly any trace of the white tips to the fur; there is however 
a specimen (P. magnificus, “g” in the list below) which is quite 
intermediate between the typical P. magnificus and the typical P. 
alborufa; in this specimen the maroon of the back is much 
lighter and the white tips to the fur producing the grizzled appear- 
ance so characteristic of P. alborufa are present, though in not so 
marked a form. 

Pteromys caniceps seems constantly smaller than P. magnificus 
and P. albiventer, and since the skulls in the Museum are all im- 
mature, there is a strong suspicion that this will turn out to be the 
young of P. magnificus or of P. albiventer, but this will haye to be 
proved by further investigations. 

In Pteromys albiventer the contrast between the colour of the 
back and the colour of the parachute is not so marked as in P. 
magnificus: the shoulders, however, are somewhat yellow and 
traces of the white tips to the fur begin to appear: this latter 
feature is most marked in the Kashmir and Gilgit specimens. 


Var. A.—typicus. 


a-b. 2 Skinsand Travancore Purchased. 
skull. 
c. Skin Ceylon Columbo Museum. 
d-e. 2 Skins nn ce W. Rutledge. 
and _ skele- ss 3 
tons. 
Ff. Stuffed Travancore Marquis of Tweedale (1846), 
AS B. 
g. Stuffed juv. Midnapore P. Homfray (1843), A.S.B. 
h-k..3 Skulls ae A.S.B. 
Zz, Alc. juv. Manbhoom W. Theobald. 
Var, B.—cineraceus. 
a, ely ne @ Arakan Sir A. Phayre (1844), A.S.B. 
skull. 
[Type of Pteromys cineraceus, Blyth.] 
b por ‘i @ Arakan Museum Collector (1871). 
skull, 
ce. Skin juv. ,, Sir A. Phayre (1844), A.S.B. 
d. Stuffed Bo tacleetey W. Rutledge (1870). 


Pteromys alborufus. 


Pteromys alborufus, A, Milne Edwards Comptes Rend., \xx, p. 342 
(1870) ; id. Rech. Mam., p. 208, pls. xva, fig. 1, and xlv; Anderson Anat. 
Zool, Res. +) Pp. 284. 

Distribution.—Assam and Burma southwards to Tenasserim ; 
also obtained from Moupin in Eastern Thibet. 


‘ PTEROMYS. 35 


a, Skin Assam F. Day. 

6. Skin Naga hills H. H. Godwin Austen. 

e. Skin skull, Samagooting, Assam _J. Butler (1872). 

d, Skin juv. Cherrapoonjee, Assam J. W. Laidlay (1847), A.S.B. 


e. Skin Pegu Rev. J. Barbe, A.S.B. 
J. Skin 2 Mergui, 21-1-82 J. Anderson. 
g. Skin, skeleton Arakan Zoological Gardens. 
A, Skin aidaee No history. 
j» Stuffed @  Arakan? Sir A. Phayre (1844), A.S.B. 
&, Stuffed} Tenasserim Rev. J. Barbe (1844), A.S.B. 
1. Alc. Lampnee, Mergui, J. Anderson, 
13-1-82. 


Pteromys yunnanensis. 


Pteromys yunnanensis, Anderson Ann. Mag. N. AI (4), xvi, p. 282, 
(1875); id. Anat. Zool. Res., p. 282, pl. xxii. 


Distribution —Has been got hitherto only from Momien in 
Yunnan. 


a-d. 4 Skins, Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson: 
5,000 ft,, 6-68. 


[Types of Pteromys yunnanensis, Anderson.] 


Pteromys magnificus, 


Sciuropterus nitidus, apud Hodgson, P. Z. S., p. 98 (1835). . 

Pteromys magnificus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., v, p. 231 (1836) ; Js. Geoff. St. 
Hil. Facquemont Voyage, Zool. p. 65; Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll. B. M., 1st 
ed., p. 22; Blyth F. A. S.B., xvi, p. 866; Horsfield Cat, E. 1, Mus., 
p- 161; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 277; id. Cat., no. 294, p. 95; Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 177; P. L. Sclater P. Z.S., 1872, p. 635, pl.l; Anderson 
Anat, Zool. Res., p. 285. : : 

Sciuropterus nobilis, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H., X., p. 263 (1842). 

Sciuropterus chrysothryx, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xiii, p. 67, with plate 
(1844). ; 

Pteromys nobilis, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll. B. M., p. 22 (1846); Blyth 
F.A.S.B., xvi, p. 866; Horsfield Cat. E. 1, Mus. p.160 ; Blyth FAS. B.; 


Xxviii, p. 277. 
Distribution.—Himalayas from Nepal to Sikkim ; has also been 
got on the Khasia hills. 


a. Skin Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London. 

6. Skin, skull Sikkim L. Mandeili. 

c. Skin, juv. 4 L. Mandelli, 
.d, Skin Cherrapoonjee, Assam __‘F. Skipwith, A.S.B. 

e. Stuffed Darjeeling , A, Campbell, A.S.B. 

Jf. Stuffed diese Purchased, A.S.B. 

g. Stuffed Darjeeling W. Earle (1848), A.S.B. 


Pteromys albiventer. 


Pteromys albiventer, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool. i, pl. xviii (1834) 3 Gray P.Z.S., 
1836, p. 88; id. Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, 1837, p. 584; Wagner Hugel’s 
Kaschmir, iv, p. 873; Blyth F.A.S. B., xvi, p. 865; Horsfield Cat, E, J. 
Mus., p. 162; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res, p. 286, 

D2 


36 MAMMALIA, 


Pteromys inornatus, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. in facquemont Voyage, Zool., p. 62, 
pl. iv (1844); Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 573; Blyth F.A.S.B., 
xxviii, pp. 277, 287; id. Cat., no. 293, p.95; Ferdon Mamm., p. 176; 
Lydekker $F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, 
P: 33- 


Distribution —The North-west Himalayas from Ladak to Nepal. 


a. Skin, skull Ladak J. Biddulph. 
6. Skin Sonamarg, Kashmir, F, Stoliczka. 
18-8-72. 
c. Skin, skull Kashmir J. E.T. Aichison. 
a-f. 3 Skins sedans Purchased. ‘ 
g. Stuffed Simla J. N. Thomas (1845), A.S.B. 
A. Alc. Katmandu, Nepal Museum Collector (1871). 


Pteromys caniceps. 


Sciuropterus caniceps, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H., x, p. 262 (1842) ; Blyth $. A. 
S. B., xvi, p. 866; id. ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 278; id. Caz., no. 296, p, 96; 
Ferdon Mammi, p. 178. 

Pteromys caniceps, Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll. B. M., 1st.ed., p. 213 Horsfield 
Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 160; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 287. 

Sciuropterus senex, Hodgson Calc. fourn. N. H., iv, p. 293 (1844); id. 
F. A, S. B,, xiii, p. 68, with plate. 


Distribution,—Himalayas from Gurwhal to Sikkim. 


a. Skin Landour, N. W. Hima- L. C. Stewart (1854), A.S.B. 
; layas, 
b-d. 3 Skins Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
e. Skin Gumphar, Darjeeling, J. Knight, 
2,000 ft, 
SF. Stuffed Darjeeling ‘Mrs, Oakes (1842), A.S.B. 


Pteromys nitidus. 


Sciurus petaurista, Pallas Miscell. Zool., p. 36 (1766) [pt.]*. 

Pteromys nitidus, Desmarest N. Dict. Hist, Nat., xxvii, p. 403 (1818) ; 
Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xvii; Miller and Schlegel Tem. Ver- 
handl., pp. 107, 112; Is. Geoff. St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, Zool., 
Pp. 65; Cantor, J. A.S.B., xv, p. 252; Blyth $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 866; 
Brandt Mem. Acad. St. Peters, (6), vii, p. 298* ; Horsfield Cat.E. I. Mus., 
p. 162; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxxviii, p. 277; id. Cat., no. 295, p. 96; Zelebor 
Sdugeth. Novara, p. 25; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 290; Thomas 
an S.,1886, p.. 73; Fentink Notes Leyd, Mus., xi,p. 26; Thomas P.Z.S., 
1009, Pp. 230. 

Pteromys melanotis, Gray P. Z. S., p.88 (1836); id. Chazlesw. Mag. N. Hin 
P. 584; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus, p. 162; Blyth F.A.S. B., xxviii, p. 
277; Anderson Anat. Zool., Res., Pp. 292. 

eee melanopsis, Motley and Dillwyn Contrib. Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 2, 

1055). 

Pteromys grandis, Swinkoe P.Z.S., p. 358, pl. xlv (1862); id. P. Z. S, 

1870, p. 634. 


Distribution—The Malay peninsula from Klang in Selangore 


SCIUROPTERUS, 37 


southwards, the islands of Sumatra, Java and Borneo, also Siam 
and Formosa. 


a-b. 2 Skins Siam [Finlayson] India Mus., London. 
ce. Stuffed Malacca Rev. F. Lindstedt (1848), A.S.B. 
d. Stuffed juv. ii Rev, F. Lindstedt (1845), A.S.B. 
e. Stuffed sesnise W. Rutledge (1872). 


Genus SCIUROPTERUS. 
Sciuropterus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus, Paris, x, p. 116 (1823). 


Key of the Indian Species. 
a. Larger forms, length without tail more than 7'5 inches. 


5. Pale grayish above; outer edge of hind-foot provided with 
a thick brush of hairs extending from the tarsal joint to the 
base of the 5th toe ; skull long and narrow, 1°95 inches 
long by 1°55 inches broad. S. fimbriatus, p. 37. 


6?. Rather darker above ; no brush to the hind-feet, which are 
much smaller than in S. fimbriatus; skull smaller and 
broader, 1°45 inches long by 1°15 inches broad. 

S. alboniger, p. 38. 


6. Grayish above, with black tufts of hair at the base of the 
posterior margin and the external surface of the upper angle 
of the ear ; teeth ridged. S. fuscocapillus, p. 39. 


6*, Above rufus ; tail short, 5 inches; ears with tufts of long hair 
at the anterior and posterior angles of the ear-conch ; tail 
rather bushy. . . ‘ S. pearsoni, p. 38. 


45, Resembling the last in size, but of a lighter grayish colour, 
with markedly distichous tail and no ear tufts. 
S. sagitta, p. 39. 


a®, Much smaller, about 54 inches long with tail; above rufus; 
tail above brown, below at base rufous. 
S. spadaceus, p. 40. 


Sciuropterus fimbriatus. 


Sciuropterus fimbriatus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 584 (1837) ; 
id. P.Z.S., 1837, p. 67; Blyth $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 866; Horsfield Cat. 
EZ. I. Mus. p. 163; Blyth $. A. S.B., xxviii, p. 278; id. Cat., no. 298, 
p. 96; $erdon Mamm., p. 178; Scilly P. Z, S., 1881, p. 204; id. Ann, 
Mag. N.H. (5), viii, p. 98. . 

Pteromys leachii, Gray P. Z, S., p. 88 (1836); id, Charlesw. Mag. N. H,, 
i, p. 584. 

Pteromys fimbriatus, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 296 (1878). 


Distribution.—North-west Himalayas from Gilgit to Kumaon, 


38 MAMMALIA. 


a, Skin, skull Chitral, 5,000 ft. G. M. Giles. 
juv. ; 
b. Skin Q@ Nultar valley, Gilgit, J. Scully. 
1-8-79. 
c. Skin, skull g Nultar valley, Gilgit, J. Scully. 
juv. 8-79. 
d. Skin, skull 9 Chaprot, Gilgit, 30-7-79 J. Scully. 


e. Skin Gilgit, 6,000 ft., 6-8-80 J. Scully. 

f. Skin Ladak J. Biddulph. 

g. Skin Kashmir J. E. T. Aichison. 

A. Skin nr. Simla L. C. Stewart (1854), A.S.B. 


Sciuropterus alboniger. 


Sciuropterus alboniger, Hodgson $.A.S. B., v, p. 231 (1836); Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 22; Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 866; Hors- 
field Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 163; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 278; id. Cat., 
no. 302, p.97; Ferdon Mamm., p.179; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 
2098; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 59. 


Sciuropterus turnbulli, Gray P. Z. S., p. 68 (1837); id. Charlesw. Mag. 
_ NL AL, i, pe 584. 


Distribution—Himalayas, Nepal to Bhootan, Assam, Yunnan 
and Cambodia. 


a. Skin. Darjeeling Mrs. Oakes (1842) A.S.B. 
6, Skin, skeles Garo hills H. L. Haughton (1867). 
ton and visce- 
ra in alc, 
c. Skin. Cachar hills Museum Collector. 
d-e, 2 Skins Momien, Yunnan, 6-68 J. Anderson (1870). 
g-h. 2 Skins g Q W. Rutledge. 
j» Stuffed Darjeeling J. Grace (1853) A.S.B. 
k. Skull Naga hills A. W. Chennell. 
4, Skin Shillong T. la Touche. 


Sciuropterus pearsoni. 


Sciuropterus pearsonii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 263 (1842); Thomas, 
P. Z. S. 1886, p. 60. 

Pteromys sagitta, aud Walker, Cal. fourn N. H., iii, p. 266 (1843). 

Pteromys (Sciuropterus) setosus, Temminck and Schlegel Faun. Fapon. 
Mamm., p. 49 (1847). ; 

Sciuropterus villosus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 866 (1847); id. ¥. A. S. Bay 
xxvili, p. 278; id. Cat., no. 303, p. 97; Ferdon Mamm, p. 179. 

Pteromys pearsonii, Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 162 (1851); Anderson 
Anat, Zool, Res., p. 293- 

Seumpe ens kaleensis, Swinhoe P. Z. S., p. 359 (1862); id. P. Z. S. 1870, 
B- 034. 


Distribution.—Sikkim, Assam, Munipur and Yunnan; it has 
been also recorded from Formosa and Sumatra. 


ry 


a. Skin Assam A. W. Chennell. 
_b, Skin Naga hills H. H. Godwin Austen, 


SCIUROPTERUS, 39 


e. Skin Cachar Mus. Collector (1867). 
@, Skin Momien, Yunnan J. Anderson. 
6,000 ft., 6-68. 
ef. 2 Stuffed North Assam, F. Bonynge (1845), A.S.B. 
(2 Types of Sciuropterus villosus of Blyth]. 
g. Skull Darjeeling W. Theobald (1852), A.S.B. 
A-j. 2 Alc Ponsee, Yunnan J. Anderson (1868). 


Sciuropterus fuscocapillus. 


Sciuropterus fuscocapillus, Blyth ¥.A. S.B., xvi, p. 867 (1847) ; id. F ALS. 
B., xxviii, pp. 278, 286 ; id. Cat. no. 297, p. 96; Ferdon Mamm., p. 180. 
Sciuropterus layardi, Kelaart Fourn. Ceylon As. Soc., v, p. 215 (1850); 

Blyth F. A. S. By xx, p. 165; Kelaart Prodv. Faun. Zeylan., p. 56; 
Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 278. 
Pteromys fuscocapillus, Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 294 (1878). 


Distribution—The Nilgiri hills, Travancore and the high- 
lands of Ceylon. 


[No specimen in the Museum. ] 


Sciuropterus sagitta. 


Sciurus sagitta, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 88 (1766). 

Pteromys horsfieldii, Waterhouse P. Z.S., p. 87 (1837) ; Anderson Anat. Zool. 
Res., p 299. 

Pteromys aurantiacus, Wagner Munch. Gel. Anz., xii, p. 438 (1841). 

Sciuropterus horsfieldii, Cantor F. A. S. B. xv, p. 253 (1846); Blyth. 
F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 867; id. F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 278. 

Sciuropterus sagitta, Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., pp. 109, 113 
(1839-44); Blyth F.A. S. B., xxiii, p. 731; id. ibid, xxiv, p. 187; Thomas, 
P, Z.S., 1886, p. 75: 

Sciuropterus phayrei, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 278 (1859); id. Cat., 
no. 304, p-97; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 53; Blyth FA. S. B, 
xliv, Burma List, p. 35. 


Distribution—Burma, Pegu and Tenasserim, Malay peninsula, 
Cambodia, and the islands of Java and Banka, 

The above synonymy is given under the authority of Ander- 
son, who identified S. phayrei with S. horsfieldii of Waterhouse, 
and of Thomas, who identifies S. horsfieldii with S. sagitta of 
Linnzus, but it does not seem unlikely that S. phayrei may be 
really an independent species: it certainly seems much smaller 
than the common squirrel, to which as to size S. sagitta is com- 
pared by Linnzus. 


a-b. 2Skins Burma Sir A. Phayre and Major 
Berdmore. 

c-d, 2 Stuffed * Sir A. Phayre and Major 
Berdmore. 


[Types of S. phayrei, Blyth.] 


40 MAMMALIA, 


Sciuropterus spadaceus. 


Sciuropterus spadaceus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 867 (1847); id. 
¥. ALS. B., x&viii, p. 278; id. Cat., no. 305, p.97; id. F A. S. B, zliv, 
Burma List, p. 35. 

Pteromys spadaceus, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 300 (1878). 


Distribution.—Only known from Arakan. _ ; 

It has been supposed by Thomas that this species is identi- 
cal with S. lepidus of Horsfield, but until further evidence can be 
adduced by the comparison of specimens it may as well remain 
distinct. 


a-c, 3 Skins Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. 
(‘Types of S. spadaceus, Blyth.] 
d, Skin Moulmein J. Davis, 
e. Alc. Burma J. Wood Mason (1872). 


Sciuropterus volucella. 


Sciurus volans, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.i, p. 88 (1766) [pt.]. 

Sciurus volucella, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., pp. 351, 353 (1788). 

Sciurus hudsonius, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 153 (1788) 

Sciurus sabrinus, Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt. i, p. 157 (1801). 

Sciuropterus volucella, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 242 (1827); Blyth F. A. S.B., 
xxviii, p. 278; id. Cat., no. 306, p. 98; Allen Monographs N. Amer. 
Rodents, p. 655. ‘ 

Pteromys oregonensis, Bachman Fourn. Acad. N. Sci. Phila. (i), viii, p. 
‘101 (1839). : 

Pteromys alpinus, Wagner Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl. iii, p 230 (1843). 


Distribution—The whole of North America southwards to 
Guatemala. 


a. Skin Ontario, Canada J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
& Skull Upton, Maine, U. S. A. W. Theobald. 


Genus EUPETAURUS. 
Eupetaurus, Thomas $. A. S. B., vii, p. 257 (1888). Type E. cineraceus. 


Eupetaurus cineraceus. 


se cineraceus, Thomas F. A. S. B., \vii, p. 258, pls. xxii, xxiii 
1888). 


_ Distribution—Thibet; has been procured at Gilgit and also 
in Eastern Thibet north of Sikkim. 


a. Skin and skull Gilgit valley G. M. Giles. 
[Co-type of E, cineraceus, Thomas.] 
é Skin and skull teonee Purchased. 


ARCTOMYS. AI 


Genus SPERMOPHILUS. 
Spermophilus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus., Paris, vi, p. 203 (1822). 


Spermophilus bactrianus. 
Spermophilus bactrianus, Scully $. A. S. B., lvi, p. 70 (1887). 


Distribution.—Afghan Turkestan. a 


«. Skin, skull @ Khamiab, Oxus_ R., C. E. Yate. 
12-6-86. 


{Type of Spermophilus bactrianus, Scully.] 


Genus ARCTOMYS. 
Arctomys, Schreber Sdugeth., iv, p. 721 (1792). 


In the following catalogue of the Marmots of Central Asia, 
Blanford’s paper (J. A.S.B., xliv, p. 113) has been followed. All 
the species found in Central Asia are represented in the Museum 
collections with the exception of Arctomys robustus of Milne 
Edwards (see below under A. himalayanus). 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a. Tail less than one-third of the length of the head and body; 
colour grayish yellow with diffused black tips to the hairs ; 
length 22 to 24 inches. . A, himalayanus, p. 41. 


a*, Tail one-third or more than one-third of the head and body. 


&. Smaller, length 14 to 16 inches ; colour grayish yellow. 
A. hodgsoni, p. 42. 


&, Larger, length about 25 inches; colour rufous yellow with 
a black patch on the back and ferrugineus below. 
A. caudatus, p. 43. 


Arctomys himalayanus. 


Arctomys himalayanus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., x, p. 777, with plate (1841) ; id. 
F. ALS. B, xi, p. 287; Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 121; Lydekker 
%. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 36, pls. xii, xiia, 
Lydekker F.A.S.B. xlix,p.7; Buchner Wiss. Result. Praewalski Reisen 
Rodentia, p. 25. s 

Arctomys himalayanus potius tibetensis hodie, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xii, 
p- 409 (1843). : 

Arctomys bobac apud Gray, List Mamm. B. M., p. 148 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll. B. M., 1st ed., p. 23; Blyth F. A. S.B., xvi, p. 873; Horsfield Cat, 
E. I. Mus., p. 164; Blyth Cat., no. 348, p. 108; Ferdon Mamm.,, p. 181; 
Anderson P. Z. S., 1871, p. 560. 

Arctomys tataricus, fameson L’Instit., xv, p. 384 (1847)*. 

Arctomys tibetanus, Adams P. Z. S., p. 521 (1858). 


Distribution.—The Himalayas and Thibet from Western Ladak 
eastwards, the Kuenlun Mountains south of Yarkand, and the 


42 MAMMALIA. 


Keria Mountains, which form the barrier between the valley of 
Tarim and the plateau of north Tibet. 

Arctomys robustus of Milne Edwards (Rech. Mamm., p. 309) 
was given by Blanford in his paper on Himalayan Marmots as a 
synonym of A. himalayanus; Buchner in his accounts of Prze- 
walski’s Mammals holds a contrary opinion and distinguishes A. 
robustus by its larger size, its darker back and sides, and the 
patch of rusty brown at the sides of the snout and round the ears ; 
none of these characters are very decisive ones, but for the pre- 
sent A. robustus is left separate. 


a-b. 2 Skins, @ Kitchik Yilak, Sanju G. Henderson. 


skulls. Pass, Kuenlun Mts., 
17-9-70. 
ce. Skin Changchenmo valley, R. Lydekker. 
Ladak. ‘ 
da. Skin Tibet B. H. Hodgson (1845), A.S.B. 
e. Skin juv. ‘ B.H. Hodgson (1845), A.S.B. 
f. Stuffed, @ Kitchik Yilak, Sanju G, Henderson. 
skull, Pass, Kuenlun Mts, 
17-9-70. = 


Arctomys hodgsoni. 


Arctomys hemachalanus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xii, p. 410 (1843) ; Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 182; Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 122. 

Arctomys tibetanus, apud Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 24 (1846); 
Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xvi, p. 113. 

Arctomys bobac, apud Blyth, Cat., no. 348, p. 108 (1863) [pt.] 

Arctomys hodgsoni, Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 35 (1876). 


Distribution Himalayas of Nepal, Sikkim and Bhootan. 

Blanford’s name has been adopted in preference to A. hema- 
chalanus, which is synonymous with A. himalayanus and cannot 
therefore stand. 

It is a curious fact that no truly feral example of this species 
has yet been obtained ; all the specimens mentioned below were 
caged, 


a, Skin juv. g Bhootan J. Wood Mason. 
6. Skin, skele- g ” W. Rutledge [P.] 
ton. 
c. Skin, skele- 9 ” W. Rutledge [P.] 
ton. 
d-e. 2 Skins, @ teeees W. Rutledge, 
2 skulls. 
fj. 4Skins, @ eee W. Rutledge. 
4 skulls, 
k. Stuffed aiden G. A. Bushby (1848), A.S. B. 
1. Skeleton oe ia W. Rutledge. 
m. Skeleton Darjeeling Mrs. Turnbull. 
mn. Skin,skele- 9 suilves Zoological Gardens. 
ton. 
o. Alc. Q wees W. Rutledge. 


’. Skeleton ¢ Lore W. Rutledge. 


ARCTOMYS. 43 


Arctomys caudatus. 


Arctomys caudatus, Zs. Geoff. St. Hil. facquemont Voyage, Zool., p. 66, 
pl. v (1844); Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. §73; Blanford F. A, 
S. B.,xliv, p. 122; id. Yarkand Mamm., p. 37, pls. xiii, xiiia; Lydekker 
F. A. S. B., xlix, p. 75 Scully P. Z, S., 1881, p. 204; id, Ann. Mag. 
N. H. (5), viii, p. 98. 

Arctomys bobac, apud Adams, P. Z. S., p. 521 (1858); Blyth Cat., no. 348, 
p- 108; Ferdon Mamm., p. 182. 

Arctomys tibetana, apud Falconer Pale@ont. Memoirs, i, p. 583 (1868). 

Arctomys hemachelana, apud Anderson, P.Z.S., p. 561 (1871). 


The Red Marmot ; Drowne or Drim of Kashmir ; Pya of Ladak, 
Distribution.—The north-western parts of Kashmir in the Deosai, 
Dras, and Astor districts. 


a, Skin, skull @ Matayon, Zogi-la Pass, G. Henderson.t 
. nr. Dras, Kashmir, 

20-6-70. 

6, Skin, skull 9 Donkun, Astor distr., J, Scully. 
Kashmir, 11,000 ft., 
20-5-80. 

ce. Skin juv. Deosai plain, N. W. J. Scully. 
Kashmir, 12,000 ft. - 
7-80. [J. Biddulph.] : 


d-h. § Skins Kashmir J. E. T. Aitchison, 
j. Skin T. C. Jerdon. 
& Skull T. Brownlow, A. S. B. 


Arctomys aureus. 


Arctomys aureus, Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xliv, pp. 106, 123; id. Yarkand 
Mamm., p. 33, pls. x1, xia. 

? Arctomys caudatus, apud Severtzogf Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 50 
(1876). 


Distribution —The Pamir and country between the Pamir and 
Yarkand. 


a, Skin, skull Kaskasu Pass, between F. Stoliczka. 
Pamir and Yarkand, 
13,000 ft., 15-5-74. 
[Type of A, aureus, Blanford.] 


b-c, 2 Skins Kaskasu Pass, between  F. Stoliczka. 
Pamir and Yarkand, 
13,000 ft., 15-5-74. 
d. Skin, skull Little Pamir, 13,000 ft., |G. M, Giles. 
5-86. 
ef, 2 Skulls Kaskasu Pass. F. Stoliczka, 


Arctomys dichrous. 


Arctomys dichrous, Anderson Ann. Mag. N, H. (4), xvi, p. 283 (1875); id. 
F, Linn, Socy xii, p. §79, pl. xxxi; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 36 ; 


+ See Henderson and Hume, Lahore to Yarkand, p, 83. 


44 MAMMALIA. 


Buchner Wiss. Result. Preewalski Reisen Rodentia, p. 40, pls. iii, iv, 
figs. II-14. : 
Arctomys baibacina, apud Severtzof Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. §0 


(1876). 
Distribution —Hills north of Kabul (Anderson), Thian Shan 
(Severtzoff) and the Juldus valley (Przewalski), 


a, ? Skull Afghanistan. Sir A. Burns, A.S.B. 
é-c, 2Skulls | juv. Kabul ? J. Anderson. 


Arctomys marmota. 


Mus marmota, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 81 (1766). 

Arctomys marmota, Schreber Saiugeth., iv, p.722 (1792); Blasius Sdugeth. 
Deutsch., p. 280. 

Marmota alpina, Blumenbach Handb, Naturges., 12th ed., p. 70 (1830). 


Distrtbution.—The higher regions of the Alps, Pyrennees and 
Carpathians. 


a. Stuffed deals Mrs. Turnbull (1867). 


Arctomys monax. 


Mus monax, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 8t (1766). 

Arctomys monax, Schreber Sdéugeth., iv, p. 737 (1792); Allen Monographs 
NV. Amer. Rodents, p. git. 

Arctomys empetra, Sabine Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 584 (1822). 


Distribution.— North America from Hudson’s Bay to the Caro- 
linas and from the Atlantic to Minnesota. 


a-b. 2 Skins Ontario, Canada J. H. Garnier (Ex.] 
c. Skin, skull 92 aeetea ® W. Rutledge. 


Genus CASTOR. 
Castor, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 78 (1766). 


Castor fiber. 


Castor fiber, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 78 (1766); Allen Mono- 
graphs N. Amer. Rodents, p. 433. 
Castor canadensis, Kuhl Beitr. Zool., p. 64 (1820). 
Castor americanus, Richardson Back’s Arctic Exped., p. 494 (1836)*. 
Castor europzeus, Owen Brit, Foss, Mamm., p. 190 (1846); Blyth Cat., 
NO. 404, p. 123. 
The Beaver. 
Disiribution.—Europe, Siberia and North America, though now 
extinct in the greater part of Europe and also in the Eastern States 
of North America. 


a. Stuffed Norway. Christiania University 
(1844), A. S. B. 


HYDROMYS. 45 


Genus MYOXUS. 
Myoxus, Schreber Sdugeth., iv, p. 824 (1792). 


Myoxus pictus. 


Myoxus pictus, Blanford Ann. Mag, N. H. (4) xvi, p. 311 (1875); id. 
Persia, p. 51, pl. iv, fig. 2. ; 


Distribution.—Persia north of Ispahan. 


a, Ale. @ Kohrud, N. of Ispahan, W. T. Blanford, 
7,000 ft. 


[Co-type of M. pictus, Blanford.] 


Myoxus glis, 


Sciurus glis, Linneus Syst. Nat. 12th ed., i, p. 87 (1766). 

Mus glis, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 88 (1778). 

Myoxus glis, Zimmerman Geogr. Geschichte., ii, p. 351 (1780); Blasius 
Sdugeth Deutsch, p. 292; Blyth Cat., no. 350, p. 109. 

Glis esculentus, Blumenbach Handb. Naturges., 12th ed., p. 67 (1830). 


Distribution.—Central and Southern Europe. 
«. Stuffed. France A. Malherbe (1854), A.S.B. 


Genus MUSCARDINUS. 
Muscardinus, Kaup Entw. Europ. Thierw., p. 139 (1829)*. 


Muscardinus avellanarius. 


Mus avellanarius, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 83 (1766). 

Myoxus muscardinus, Schreber Séugeth, iv, p. 835 (1792). 

Myoxus avellanarius, Desmarest Mamm., p. 295 (1820) ; Blasius Séugeth, 
Deutsch., p. 297; Blyth Cat., no. 351, p. 109. 


9 
Muscardinus avellanarius, Kaup Entw. Europ. Thierw., p. 139 (1829)*. 


Distribution —The whole of Europe, including the British _ 
Islands. 


a-b. 2 Stuffed. England. A. D. Bartlett (1843), A.S.B. 
c-e. 3 Alc. 2Q ” A. D. Bartlett (1865). 


Genus HYDROMYS. 
Hydromys, Et. Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. Mus., Paris, vi, p. 81 (1805). 


Hydromys chrysogaster. 


Hydromys chrysogaster, Et. Geoff. St. Hil. Ann, Mus.,-Paris, vi, p. 81, 
pl. xxxvi (1805) ; Gould Mamm. Austr, iii, pl. xxiv; Blyth Cat., no, 398, 
p. 121 ; Collett. Zool. F. B., ii, p. 841. 


46 MAMMALIA. 


Distribution. —Queensland, New South Wales and Tasmania. 
a, Stuffed. Tasmania. C. G, T. Lloyd (1860), A.S.B. 


Hydromys fulvolavatus. 


Hydromys fulvolavatus, Gould Mamm. Austr,, iii, pl. xxv (1863). 
Hydromys leucogaster, apud Blyth, Cat., no. 399; p- 122 (1863). 


Distribution.—Southern and South-eastern Australia. 
a-b. 2 Stuffed Port Philip, Melbourne Mr. Benson (1849), A.S.B. 


e-d 2 Skins South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 
e. Skin Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 


Hydromys leucogaster. 


Hydromys leucogaster, Zt. Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. Mus. Paris, vi, p. 81, 
pl. xxxvi (1805) ; Gould Mamm. Austr., iii, pl. XXVi.. 


Distribution.—Australia, New South Wales, and Queensland. 
a. Alc, Queensland Brisbane Mus. [Ex.] 


Genus PLATACANTHOMYS. 
Platacanthomys, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 288 (1859). Type, P.lasi- 


urus. 


Platacanthomys lasiurus. 


Platacanthomys lasiurus, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 289 (1859) ; id. Cat., 
no. 349, p. 109; Peters P. Z, S., 1865, p- 397, pl. xx; Ferdon Mamm, 
p- 210. 


Distribution.—South Malabar and Travancore. 


a-m. 12 Skins Travancore Rev. H. Baker (1870). 
n-g. 4 Stuffed South Malabar Rev. H. Baker, (1859) A.S.B. 
7. Skeleton Travancore Rev. H. Baker. 
mtd. 
s. Skeleton 45 Rev. H. Baker. 
impf. 
t-u. 2 Alc. 2skulls is Rev. H. Baker. 
v-a*, 6 Ale. @Q Trevandrum H. S. Ferguson. 
and 4 juv. 


Genus GERBILLUS. 


Gerbillus, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., 1st ed., xxiv, p. 22 (1804)*. 
Meriones, Jlliger. Prodr., p. 82 (1811). 

Rhombomys, Wagner Schreber Siugeth. Suppl., iti, p. 485 (1843). 
Psammomys, Cretachmar Riippell’s Atlas, p. 36 (1826). Type, G. obesus. 


GERBILLUS. 47 


Key of the Indian species. 
a. Larger, head and body 5 to 7 inches in length. 


6. With large ears; tail dark banded above and below; above- 
rufous brown, below white; feet naked below; outer wali 
of the antorbital foramen rounded and projecting in front; 
bullz moderate. . é . . G, indicus, p. 47. 


6.2 Ears moderate; tall dark banded above, light below; feet 
thickly haired anteriorly; outer wall of antorbital foramen 
perpendicular; bulla much inflated. 

G. erythrurus, p. 49, 


63 Ears very small; tail concolorous with the body, with a 
dusky terminal pencil; above sandy yellow, below lighter, 
but not white; feet anteriorly haired, posteriorly naked ; 
bullze moderate. ; : - G. hurriane, p. 50. 


a Smaller, head and body 3 to 4 inches in length. 
c. Tail without hair, more than 13 times head and body. 


d, Proximal half of the sole naked; six dinctinct planta 
pads. . ‘ ‘ - . G. nanus, p. 51. 


d Sole hairy throughout ; no distinct pads. 
G. gleadowi, p. 52. 


c.” Tail without hair, shorter than the head and body. 
G. swinhoei, p. 52. 


, 


Gerbillus indicus. 


Dipus indicus, Hardwicke Linn. Trans., viii, p. 279, pl. vii (1804). 

Gerbillus indicus, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xiii, p. 109 (1817); 
Elliot Madras Fourn, x, p. 211; F. Cuvier Trans. Zool. Soc., ii, p. 143, pl. 
xxv, figs. 15-19; Hutton and Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 137; id. F. ALS. B,, 
xX, p.167; id. FA. S.B., xxi, p. 350; Horsfield Cat. Mamm. E. I. Mus., p. 
150; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 69; Blyth F. A. S.B., xxxii, p. 327; 

“Adams P, Z. S., 1858, p. 520; Blyth Cat., no. 353, p. 110; Ferdon Mamm. 

p. 185; Blanford Persia, p. 63. is 

Gerbillus cuvieri, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 56 (1838); Hutton and Blyth 
F. AS. B., XV, p. 139- : 

Gerbillus hardwickii, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 132 (1843). 


Distribution.—Found throughout India from the Himalayas 
southward, including Ceylon, in sandy and dry places ; extending 
eastwards as faras Lower Bengal only and westwards to Baluchistan 
(Blanford). 

The southern form is distinguishable as a well marked geogra- 
phical race, which was described by Waterhouse in 1838 as 
G, cuvieri; it is distinguished from G, indicus by its longer tail, 


48 


MAMMALIA. 


its longer tarsus, and by the colour of the tarsus, which is blackish ; 
the differences of the tarsus and tail of the two races are shown 


in the accompanying measurements. 


It is not easy to separate 


the synonymy of the two races, as the southern variety has been 
almost entirely overlooked hitherto; this was in consequence of 
the fact that Blyth’s speciniens from Midnapur, which he naturally 


Lettering of specimen, Tarsus. ee ot 
t. Allahabad.| 1°07 6°80 60 
Northern 
race var. u. Berhampore} 1°10 6°75 65 
typicus. P 
. Baluchistan] 1°05 6°80 5°75 
Southern oo. Columbo .} 1°25 8°30 6°25 
race var. 
cuvieri. dd. Poona ‘ 1'25 8°50 6°50 
Inter- ». Goona -| 1°07 7°20 60 
mediate. 66, Banda -| 1°20 710 6°50 
Var A.—typicus. 
a-b. 2 Skins Q Pishin, Persian Balu- 
chistan, 10-2-72. 
e-d. 2 Skins, Agra district 
2 skulls. 
e-g. 3 Skins, Maunbhoom 
1 skull. 
4 Skins juv. o 
m. Skin é 5 12-64 
n. Skin Berhampore 
o-g. 3 Alc. #4 j Pishin, Baluchistan, 700 feet. 
r. Alc. Q Rajanpur, Punjab 
s. Ale. juv. 92 Cutch 
t. Ale. Q Allahabad 


wu. Alc. rskull 9 


v. Skeleton 
mtd. 
w-x. 2 Skulls 
y. Skull 
z. Skull 4 
@b3 2Aln fg 
e.d2 2 Alc. juv. 
e? Alc. g 
fi Ale. Q 
g2 Alc. juv. 


a-b,2 Skins, 
2 skulls, 


Berhampore, Bengal 
Berhampore 


Berhampore i 
Pishin, Baluchistan 


‘Sitapur, Oude 


Gulistan, Afghanistan 
Kirta 
Beebeenanee, Beluch 


Var B.—cuvieri. 
Nilgiris, Madras 


considered be- 
longed to the 
northern race, 
were Teally 
more nearly 
allied to the 
southern race. 
As will be 
seen by the 
accompanying 
table, the varie- 
ties run into 
one another in 
the Centra 
Provinces. 


W. T. Blanford. 
Agra Museum. 
Mus. Collector (1866). 


Mus. een (1866), 
R.C.B 
W. Theobald, A.S.B. 
W. T. Blanford. 

E. Saunders. 

F. Stoliczka. 

J. Cockburn (1872). 
W. Theobald, A.S.B. 


eavan. 


. Theobald, A.S.B. 


. Murray. 


R. H. Beddome. 


GERBILLUS. 49 


e-d, 2 Skins,  Trichinopoly, Madras R. H. Beddome. 
2 skulls juv. 


ef. 2 Alc. Goona, C. I. A. Barclay. 
g: Ale. @ Banda dist., N.-W.P, J. Cockburn. 
A. Alc. juv. Karachi? Karachi Mus. 
k& 2Ale. 9 Poona G. W. Vidal. 
F-0. 4 Alc. juv. 9 Codur Hills, Madras R. H. Beddome. 
p-g. 2 Alc. juv. 9 Madras G. Bidie. 
7-s. 2 Alc. Madras? Madras Mus. 
t-w. 4 Skulls 9 Columbo J. Anderson (1872). 
3 juv. 
#-63, 5 Stuffed Midnapore Jungles E. Blyth A.S.B. 
c3, Stuffed Midnapore Dr. Young (1848)) A.S.B. 
d8.¢. 2 Stuffed South India. Sir W. Elliot (1843) A.S.B. 
F-g?. 2 Stuffed Ceylon E. L. Layard (1858) A.S.B. 
A. Skull Columbo J. Anderson (1872). 


Gerbillus persicus. 


Gerbillus persicus, Blanford Ann. Mag. N.N. (4), xvi, p. 312 (1875); id. 
Persia, p. 66, pl. vii, fig. 1. 


Distribution.—Persian plateau north and south. 

This species is allied to G. indicus; it is distinguished by its 
dusky greenish soles, the absence of the dark line below the tail, 
and by its skull. In G. indicus the part of the skull above the 
foramen magnum when viewed from behind exceeds in height the 
vertical extent of the foramen magnum itself; in G. persicus the re- 
verse holds good. The specimen ‘‘c” in the list below has a 
hairy tarsus and is doubtfully referred to G. persicus. 


a, Alc, skull Kohrud, N. of Ispahan W. T. Blanford. 
(Type of the G. persicus, Blanford.] 


6. Alc. juv. Karman, S. Persia W. T. Blanford. 
ve. Alc. skull juv. 55 Pee W. T. Blanford. 
Gerbillus erythrurus. 


Gerbillus erythrourus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 266 (1842); Hutton 
¥. A. S. B, xv, p. 139; Horsfield Cat. E. 1. Mus. p. 150; Blanford . 
Persia, p. 70; Danford and Alston, P, Z. S., 1880, p. 60. 

Gerbillus sp., Scully ¥, A. S. B., lvi, p. 71 (1887). 


Distribution—Afghan Turkistan and Afghanistan proper ex- 
tending south to Kandahar and west to South Persia. 

There seems to be no reason why the Balkh Gerbille should 
not be referred to G, erythrurus ; the skin agrees very well with 
those of this species in the Museum and the skull has the same 
extraordinarily inflated tympanic bulla so characteristic of 
G, erythrurus, and also resembles it in other respects, 

a, Skin and skull g Shiraz, 4,720 ft. Sir O. St. John. 
6, Skin Afghanistan (Griffiths) India Mus., London. 
Ei 


50 MAMMALIA. 


c. Skin, skull 9 Balkh, Afghan Turkes- C. E. Yate. 


tan, 4-7-86. ; 
d-e, 2 Stuffed, 1 Shiraz, 4,720 ft. Sir O. St. John. 
skull. 
ig. 2 Ale. é Muskaff, Beluchistan J. A. Murray. 


Gerbillus meridianus. 


Mus meridianus, Pallas Reise, ii, p. 702 (1773)*. ie 

Mus longipes, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., pp. 88, 314, pl. xviiis (1778). 
Dipus longipes, Schreber Saugeth., iv, p. 856 (1792). ~ 

Dipus meridianus, Pallas Zoogr. Ross. As., p. 182 (1831). 

Meriones meridianus, Lichtenstein in Evers, Reise nach Buchara, p. 122 


(1823); Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1047. : 
Rhombomys meridianus, Wagner Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl, iii, p. 492 (1843). 
Meriones fulvus, Zversmann Bull. Nat. Mosc., xxi, pt. 1, p. 195 (1848). 
Gerbillus brevicaudatus, apud A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. (5), vii, 


P. 377 (1867). ; 
Gerbillus psammophilus, Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., p. 144, pl. xa, fig. 


1, pl. xi, figs. 3, 4 (1868). . 
Gerbillus cryptorhinus, Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xliv, p. 108 (1875); id. 


Yarkand Mamm., p. 56, pls. x, xB, fig. 5. 
Gerbillus meridianus, Bichner Wiss, Result. Praewalski Reisen Rodentia, - 


P- 57 (1889). 

Distribution —The whole desert region of Central Asia from 
the north of Pekin to Yarkand; also the country round the Cas- 
pian sea. 

The above synonymy is copied from Bichner’s account of 
Przewalski’s Mammals; Bichner believes that the curious semi-circu- 
lar flap over the nose which was the character chiefly relied on 
by Blanford in distinguishing the Yarkand species, G. cryptorhinus, 
is purely artificial and can be easily produced by immersing the 
fresh animal in alcohol (cf. Lataste Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 
XXxix, p. 267, 1885) ; he therefore identifies G. cryptorhinus with 
M. meridianus of Pallas. 

a. Skin Kargalik, Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 
[Type of G. cryptorhinus, Blanford.] 


é-e. 4Skins,2skulls Kargalik, Yarkand, F. Stoliczka. 
5-11-73. 


Jf. Skin Yarkand, 20-5-74 F. Stoliczka, 
gj. 3 Skins Yangihissar, Yarkand, F. Stoliczka, 
4°74. 
&. Skin Yarkand F. Stoliczka. 
2. Alc. skull Yarkand F. Stoliczka. 
(Co-type of G. cryptorhinus, Blanford]. 
m-n. 2 Ale. Turkestan C. Ellis, 


Gerbillus hurrianz. 


Gerbillus hurriane, ¥erdon Mamm.,, p. 186 (1867) ; Blanfora Persia, p. 68; 
Murray Zool. Sind, p. 43. 
Gerbillus erythrourus, apud Ferdon Mamm., p. 185 (1867). 


GERBILLUS. 51 


Distribution.— Afghanistan and Baluchistan, extending east- 
wards into Sind and the Punjab as far as Agra. 


a. Skin Afghanistan (Griffith) India Mus., London. 
6. Skin 9 Dasht, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford, 
30-1-72. : 
e-d, 2Skins 9 Bahu Kalat, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 
2-2-7972. : 
e-f. 2 Skins N. W. of Sehwan, Sind, W. T. Blanford. 
14-2-75. 
g. Skin Hissar dist.; Punjab T. C, Jerdon. 


Aj, 2 Skins Agra dist., N.-W. P. Agra Mus. 
&-l, 2Alc.1skull Dasht R., Baluchistan W. T. Blanford, 


$e 
m. Alc. skull @ W. T. Blanford. 


” i” ” 
n. Alc. @ Pishin, Baluchistan W. T. Blanford. 
o-g. 3 Ale., @ Karachi Karachi Museum, 
1 skull. 
_ ws. 2Alc, é i Karachi Museum. 
1skull. a 
t-u. 2Ale. # 2 Karachi Museum. 


vy. 4Alc, 2S Khirabad nr, Attock, A. Barclay. 
2juv,  Punj. 7 


zg. Stuffed Agra dist.” A. C. Carllyle (1870). 
2. Stuffedjuv. ,, 4, Agra Mus, (1870). 
67. Skeleton 9 Sind W. T. Blanford, 
c?-e%, 31Alc.1 skull Thar oa Parkar district, J. A. Murray. 
( Sind. 
Sf? Skin Beebeenanee, Baluch. J. A. Murray. 
2%. Alc. Q Sibi J. A. Murray. - 
h?.73, 2 Alc. Thar and Parkar dist, J. A. Murray. 
Sind. 3 
1, 2 Ale. 9 & Sibi J. A. Murray. 
m*. Alc. @ Beebeenanee J._A. Murray. 
n*-p", 3 Alc. Jeysulmere, Rajpt., N. Belletty. 
23-2-90. . 


Gerbillus nanus. 


Dipus gerbillus, Blanford Abyssinia, p. 284 (1870). 
Gerbillus nanus, Blanford Ann, Mag. N. H. (4), Xvi, p. 312 (1875); id. 
Persia, p. 72, pl. v, fig. 1. 


Distribution.—Baluchistan and Abyssinia. 

Mr. Thomas has kindly examined the Abyssinian specimens 
named by Blanford, Dipus gerbillus Oliv., and has pronounced 
them indistinguishable from Gerbillus nanus of Persia also dis- 
covered and named by Blanford. 


a. Ale, skull Saman, Dasht, Baluchis- W. T. Blanford. 
tan. 


[Type of G. nanus, Blanford.] 


b-e. 4 Alc. & skulls Zoulla, Annesley Bay, W. T. Blanford. 
242 @Q Abyssinia, 


52 MAMMALIA. 


J-g. 2 Skins g Zoulla, Annesley Bay, W. T. Blanford. 


Abyssinia 
A. Alc. @ Gulistan, Afghanistan J. A. Murray. 
j» Alc. Q Muskaff, Baluchistan J. A. Murray. 


Gerbillus gleadowi. 
Gerbillus gleadowi, Murray Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) xvii, p. 246 (1886). 


Distribution,—Sind and Rajputana. 

The first examples of this species were collected in the Rohri 
District of Upper Sind ; the species appears to be closely allied to 
G. nanus from which it differs chiefly in having hairy instead of 
naked palms and soles. 


a-b, 2 Alc. Rajputana N. Belletty. 


Gerbillus swinhoei. 
Gerbillus swinhoei, Scully Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) viii, p. 228 (1881). 


Distribution —Afghanistan, between Kandahar and the Khojak 
Pass. 

This species resembles G. nanus of Blanford; it seems however 
to be distinguished by its tail, whichis much shorter, 31 inch, 
instead of 4°5 as inG. nanus, and by possessing a black pencil 
which is not present in the other species. 


[No specimens in the Museum.] 


Gerbillus pyramidarum. 


Dipus pyramidarum, Et. Geog’. St. Hil. Cat. Mamm. Mus. Paris, p. 202 
(1803)*. 

Gerbillus pyramidarum, F. Cuvier Trans. Zool. Soc., ii, p. 141, pl: xxv, fig. 
6-9 (1841); Lataste Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux (4) ix, p. 260. 


Distribution.—Egypt. 


a. Ale, skull Q Heluan, Egypt Purchased. 
6. Alc. juv. 53 i Purchased. 


Gerbillus obesus. 


Psammomys obesus, Cretzschmar, Rippell’s Atlas, p. 58, pls. xxii, xxiii, 
(1826) ; Blyth Cat. no. 355, p. 111. 

Gerbillus robustus, Loche Cat. Mamm. Ois. Alg., sp. §7 (1858)*. 

Gerbillus savii, Loche Expl. sc. de l Alg. Mamm., sp. 62 (1867)*. 

Gerbillus elegans, Heuglin Reise N. O. Afrika, ii, p. 80 (1877)*. 

Psammomys rouderei, Lataste, Le Nat., p. 492 (1881). 

Meriones obesus, Lataste Act. Soc. Linn, Bordeaux (4) ix, p. 269 (1885). 


Distribution.—North Africa, from Algeria to Egypt and possibly 
southwards to Senaar and Senegal. 


a. Stuffed Egypt E. Rippell, A.S.B. 


NESOKIA. 53 


Genus ISOMYS. 
Isomys, Sundeval Kongl. Vetens, Akad, Handi, (1842)*. 


Isomys variegatus, 


Mus variegatus, Zs. Geof. St. Hil. Descrip. Egypt Nat. Hist. (1813)* 
Schinz Synop. Mamm.,, ii, p. 157. 
Isomys variegatus, Sundeval Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl. (1842)*, 


Distribution.—North-East Africa, 
a. Ale ¢ Cairo, Egypt Purchased. 


Genus NESOKIA. 


Nesokia, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 265 (1842); Type, N. hardwickii. 
Spelseorys: Peters Abhand. Akad. Berlin, p. 139 (1860). Type, N. hard- 

WICKIL 

The genus was first put into its present form by Anderson 
(J. A.S. B., xlvii, p. 214), the number of species, however, re- 
cognised by Anderson were subsequently considerably reduced 
by Thomas (P. Z. S., 1881, p. 521), and it is the latter author 
who has been followed in compiling this catalogue. 


Synopsis of Indian species. 


a. Anterior palatine foramen shorter than the molar series ; 
mammze, 8; tail, about equal to body without head; head 
and body, 6 to 7 inches long. N. hardwickii, p. 53. 


a®?. Anterior palatine foramen equal to the molar series and con- 
siderably narrowed posteriorly ; mammez, 14-18; head and 
body 7 to 8 inches long. . N, bengalensis, p. 55. 


a®, Anterior palatine foramen as in N. bengalensis, but rather 
more open behind ; mamme, 12. 


é. Head and body about 12 inches; back with long harsh 
black piles. i . ‘ N. bandicota, p. 57. 


8. Head and body g to 11 inches; black piles not so numer- 
ous or conspicuous. . . N. nemorivagus, p. 58. 


Nesokia hardwickii. 


Arvicola indica, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., i, pl. xi (1832) [ec Mus indicus 


Bech,] : 
Mus hardwickii, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 585 (1837) ; Blyth Fi A. 


S. B., XXXIV, P. 193- 
Nesokia hardwickii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 265 (1842); Ferdon 


Mamm., p, 190; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; Radde Zool., F. B., iv, po 
1035+ 


54 MAMMALIA. 


Mus huttoni, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 139 (1846). 

Nesokia griffithii, Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p. 145 (1851); Blyth F. A. 
S. B., xxxii, p. 332. 

Nesokia huttoni, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 332 (1863) ; Blanford Persia, 


p. 59, pl. vi, fig. 1. 4 . - 

Spalacomys indica, Peters “Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, p. 143, pl. ii, fig. 1, 
[sklZ] (1860). - 

Mus (Nesokia) hardwickii, Anderson $. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 221 (1878) ; 
Thomas P. Z. S., 1881, p. 524; Murray Zool. Sind, p, 44. 

Mus (Nesokia) huttoni, Anderson F. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 223 (1878). 


Distribution.—The north-western part of India, extending west- 
wards through Sind to Baluchistan, Afghanistan and Transcaspia, 
and eastwards as far as Purneah in Bengal. 

An examination of the examples of this species in the Indian 
Museum shows that it is not possible to separate the two so-called 
species Nesokia hardwickii and Nesokia huttoni even as geogra- 
phical races ; of the specimens in the Museum from Sind, some have 
the soft fur of the typical N. huttoni form, some the harsh fur of 
N. hardwickii ; it is perhaps possible that this character may be due 
to the season, and that the animal acquires the soft woolly fur in 
the winter and the harsh fur in the summer; in the localities 
where this species is found, the extremes of heat and cold are very 
great, and this would perhaps favour this suggestion. 


a. Skin, skull Fatehgarh, N.-W. P. A. Anderson, 1872. 


b-d. 3 Skins, Sitapur, Oudh A. Barclay. 
2 skulls. 
e. Alc., skull g Shahbandar, Sind, W. T. Blanford. 
3-5-76. 

f. Alc., skull 9 Khor, Thar dist., Sind. W. T. Blanford. 
gj. 3 Alc. Q Karachi | Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 
k-u.11 Ale. 7skulls Fatehgarh, N.-W. P. A. Anderson, 1872. 

1g10Q 

v. Alc., skull @ Purneah, Bengal J. Anderson. 

w. Alc. Q Karachi Karachi Mus. 

x. Skin, skull g Kalagan, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 

12-3-72. 
y. Skin, skull Umballa, Pjb. R. C. Tytler. 
z. Stuffed, skull Umballa, Pyjb. R.C. Tytler. 
a?-d?,4 Alc., 1 skull Dakka, Afghan A. Barclay. 
S22 
e. Alc. @ Thal, Kurram Valley, A. Barclay. 
Afghan. 
f?. Alec. @ Hassan Abdal, Rawal- A. Barclay. 
pindi, Pjb. 
g?. Alc. 2 Quetta Sir O. St. John. - 
i?-m*. § Alc 1 skull Kalagan, Baluchistan W. T. Blanford. 
342 Q juv. 


Nesokia scullyi. 


Nesokia scullyi, Wood Mason, P. A.S.B., p. 80 (1876) ; Anderson F. A.S.B., 
xlvii, p. 224; Blanford Yarkand Mammals.,p 49, pl. viiia, and xa, fig, 2, 


NESOKIA. 55 


? Nesokia brachyura, Buchner Result. Wiss. Praewalski Reisen, Rodentia 
p. 82, pls. x, xi, fig. 1-9 (1889). 


Distribution — Has been found hitherto only in Kashgaria, at 
Sanju to the south of Yarkand. 

This species is distinguished from Nesokia hardwickii only by 
its much longer hind-foot and its somewhat larger skull ; another 
species has been recently described by Buchner (see above) as 
Nesokia brachyura; it is distinguished from N. scullyi and N. 
hardwickii by its size, its very short tail and its small hind-foot, 
notwithstanding this it is very possible that they would be found to 
be the same species on comparison of the types. 


a. Skin, skull g Sanju, E. Turkestan, J. Scully. 


11-8-75. 
(Type of N. scullyi, Wood Mason. ] 
b-c. 2 Skins E, Turkestan C. Ellis. 


Nesokia bengalensis. 


Var. A.—typteus. 


Arvicola bengalensis, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl, xxi (1833-4). 

Mus daccaensis, Tytler Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, p. 173 (1854). 

Mus tarayensis, Horsfield Ann. Mag., N. H. (2), xvi, p. 112 (1855); Gray 
Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 10. ; 

Mus plurimammis, Horsfield Ann. Mag., N. H. (2), xvi, p. 112 (1855); Gray 
Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 10; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxiv, p. 193; Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 196. : 

Mus morungensis, Horsfield Ann. Mag., N. H. (2), xvi, p. 112 (1855); 
Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p, 10. 7 

Nesokia indica, apud Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 328 (1863); Blyth Cat. 
no. 360, p. 112; Ferdon Mamm., p.187; Theobald P. A, S. B., 1866, 
p- 240; Swinhoe P.Z.S., 1870, p. 635; Blyth FA. S.B., xliv, Burma 
List, p. 38. 7 bes 

Mus (Nosokia), blythianus, Anderson F. A. S. Buy xlvii, p. 227, pl. xiii, figs. 
a-d (1878). 

Mus (Neen), barclayanus Anderson F. A. S, B., xlvii, p. 220, pl xiii, figs. 
i-l (1878) ; Blanford Yarkand Mamm.,, p. 46, pl. xa, fig. 1. 

Mus (Nesokia) bengalensis, Thomas P, Z.S., p. 526 (1881) ; Murray Zool. 
Sind, p. 44; Anderson Fourn. Linn. Soc., XXi, p» 341. 


Var, B.—kok. 


Mus kok, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. §85 (1837) Kelaart Prodr. 


Faun. Zeylan., p. 66. . 
Mus (Neotoma) providens, Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 209 (1839). 


Mus dubius, Kelaart Fourn. Ceylon As. Soc., v, p. 217 (1850). 
Mus hardwickii, apud Kelaart Prod. Faun. Zeylan., p. 65 (1852). 
Mus (Nesokia) providens, Anderson F. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 225, pl. xiii, figs. 


e-h (1878). 
The Mole Rat; Canarese, Kok ; Telegu, Golatta koku ; Bengali, 
Yenkrai. 


56 MAMMALIA. 

Distribution.—This rat is found over the whole of India, from 
Kashmir and Sind in the north-west and from Cachar in the 
north-east southwards ; it is also recorded from Ceylon and Tenas- 
serim, and probably occurs throughout Burma. 

Anderson considered that the forms from North-Western India 
and from Southern India and Ceylon, were both specifically 
distinct from the form found in Bengal and Cachar; Thomas has 
shewn rightly that there are no reasonable grounds for such sub- 
division. As, however, the southern from is considerably smaller, 
it has been kept separate both in the synonymy and list as a 
geographical race. 


Var. A.—typicus. 


a. Skin Srinagar, Kashmir. F. Stoliczka, 

6, Skin, skull _ » 48-73 F. Stoliczka. 

ec. Skin » » 28-73 ~—-F. Stoliczka. 

ad. Skin a » 2-8-73 — F. Stoliczka. 

e. Skin ‘i » 2°8-73 ~—*F. Stoliczka. 

Ff. Skin, skull Agra, N.-W. P. A.C. Carllyle, 1870. 

g- Skin, skull Ahmednagar, Bm. in 

hk. Skin, skull Manbhoom, 28-12-64 R.C. Beavan 

j. Skin, skull ¥§ Mus. Coll., 1866, 

A. Skin, skull g Calcutta, 1-6-76 O. L. Fraser. 

2. Skin, skull 45 30-5-76 O. L. Fraser. 

m. Skin, skull ” 7-6-76 O. L. Fraser. 

nm. Skin, skull 9 iy 5-5-76 O. L. Fraser. 

o. Skin, skull ¢ i 31-5-76 O. L. Fraser, 

p. Skin, skull Gauhati 7-79 Mus. Coll. 

gq. Skin, skull Cachar Mus. Coll, 1867. 

vy. Skin i Mus. Coll., 1867. 

s. Skin 0 Mus. Coll., 1867. 

¢. Skin Q@ Mergui 14-12-81 J. Anderson. 

uw Skin, skull ¢g Ps 17-12-81 J. Anderson. 

v, Skin, skull 9 ” 14-12-81 J. Anderson. 

w. Skin, skull g - 14-12-81 J. Anderson. 

x Skin a ie 17-12-81 J. Anderson, 

y. Skin, skull 9 5 12-12-81 J. Anderson, 

zg. Skin, skull ¢ +i 13-12-81 J. Anderson. 
a®.b?, 2 Stuffed, Manbhoom Mus, Coll, 

2 skulls, 
c?.e%, 3 Stuffed Calcutta E. Blyth, A.S.B. 
2.73, 4 Stuffed Midnapore E. Blyth, A.S.B. 


22, Stuffed, skull 
2, Stuffed, skull 


Botanical Gds., Cal- 
cutta, 1-69. 
Botanical Gds,, Cal- 
cutta, 1-69. 


J. Anderson. 


J. Anderson, 


wm. Skull Howrah, Calcutta J. F. Simmons, 
n®, Alc. skull 9 Khairpur, Sind W. T. Blanford. 
o-e3, 17 Alc., Fattehgarh, N.-W.P. <A. Anderson, 
6 skulls. 
f%. Alc. Q Banda Dist.,N.-W.P. J. Cockburn. 
2'.-h3, 2 ae ‘ @ Ghazipur, N.-W.P. H. Whitwell. 
2skulls, - 


[Types of N. barclayana, Anderson.] 


NESOKIA. 57 
g*% Alc. skull, g  Goona, C. f. A. Barclay. 
48-3, 6 Alc..2 g 4 Q i A A. Masters. 
g®-s*, 3 Alc Sitapur Oudh A. Barclay. 
#8, Alc. skull g Purneah Mus. Coll. (1872) 
wu’, Alc, skull g Calcutta J. Anderson. 
v, Alc., skull ae E. Blyth, A.S.B. 
w.8-y8, 3 Alc., 2 skull, on Purchased 
Sos 
a8 Ale. & Mus. Coll. 
a-j.4 10 Alc. 1 skull, Zoological Gardens, Babu Sanyal. 
Calcutta. 
kB Ale. -Y Zoological Gardens, J. Anderson. 
Calcutta. 
imi, 2 Alc. Alipur nr. Calcutta = J. Anderson. 
n.Ag*, 4 Alc. 2 skulls Botanical Gardens, J. Anderson. 
PSQ2e Calcutta, 
r*s4, 2 Alc. & Kututangra nr. Cal- Mus. Coll. 
cutta. 
44, Ale. Bogdanga, nr, Cal- Mus. Coll. 
cutta, 
u-w', 3 Alc.,1skullg Dacca, Bengal N. Belletty. 
x4, Alc. g@ Cherrapoonjee,Assam J. H. Bourne. 
yt Ale, Siicuri, Cachar J. Wood Mason (1881). 
ac, 4 Alc. 9 3 juv. Hailakandi, Cachar CC. H. Dreyer. 
a’, Alc. skull 9 Moulmein Mus. Collector, 1872, 
e®, Alc. skull g Calcutta Purchased. 


Var. B.—kok. 


a. Skin, skull 9 Nilgiri hills R. H. Beddome. 


bec. 2 Stuffed South India Sir W. Elliot (1842), A.S.B. 
3 2 skulls. 
ad-j7, 6Alc.3 232 Madras G. Bidie. 
k-m. 3 Alc. Madras Pres. G. Bidie. 
-m. Alc., skull juv. Trichinopoly R. H. Beddome. 
o. Alc. skull g Nilgiris R. H. Beddome. 
p. Stuffed, skull Ceylon E. F. Kelaart (1855), A.S.B. 


Nesokia bandicota. 


Mus bandicota, Bechstein Allgem. Uebers. der vierfissige Thiere, ii, p. 714, 
(1800)* ; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xx, p. 167; Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus. p. 140; 
Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 333; id. Ca#., no. 359, p. 112; Adams, P,Z.S., 
1858, p. 520; Ferdon Mamm., p 193. 

Mus indicus, Bechstein Aligem. Uebers.-der vierfiissige Thiere, ii, p. 714 
(1800)* [nec Geoff.] 

Mus malabaricus, Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt. 1, p. 54 (1801). 

Mus perchal. Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt. 1, p. 54 (£801). , 

Mus giganteus, Hardwicke Linn. Trans., vii, p. 306, pl. xviii (1804); Sykes 
P. Z. S., 1831, p. 103; Gray P. Z. S., 1832, p. 40; Kelaart Prod. Faun, 
Zeylan., p. 58. 

Mus (Neotoma) giganteus Elliot, Madras Fourn., X, p. 209 (1830). 

Mus oe giganteus, Anderson F. A.S. B., xlvii, p. 232, pl. xiv, figs. a-d 
(1878). 

Mus (Nesokia) bandicota, Thomas, P.Z S., p. 528 (1881); Murray Zool, 
Sind, p. 45; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886., p. 56. ‘ 


58 MAMMALIA. 


The Bandicoot or Pig Rat ; Sanscrit, Indur ; Hind., Ghous or Ghus; 
Canarese, Heggin; Telegu, Pandikoku; Singalese, Oora Meeyo. 

Distribution.—This rat is apparently restricted to the Indian 
peninsula strictly speaking (7.e., south of the great alluvial plains); 
it also occurs commonly in Ceylon; it has frequently been reported 
from Calcutta, but on investigation it is usually found to be the 
large Mus decumanus or perhaps the rarer Nesokia nemorivagus 
that has been mistaken for the true bandicoot, 


a. Skin Q Bradachellum S._ of, W. T. Blanford. 
Godavery dist. 7-2-71. 


6. Skin Ceylon (J. Mortimer, Columbo Mus, 
29-10-81), 
c. Skin juv. Ceylon E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. 
d-e. 2Stuffed, 1 Manhoom Mus. Coll., 1886. 
skull. 
Fe. 2 states 1 Ceyblon E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. 
skull. 
h. Alc. juv. Goona, C. I. A. Barclay. 
j» Alc., skull g ” an A. Barclay. 
ken. 4 Alc & Madras G. Bidie. 
op. 2Al. 2 » G. Bidie. 
qt. 4 Alc. juv. » G. Bidie. 
u, Alec. sve sa Zoological Gardens. 
v-x, 3 Skulls g Goona A. Barclay. 
y-s. 25kulls  Q ” A. Barclay. 


Nesokia nemorivagus. 


Mus nemorivagus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., v, p. 234 (1836); id. Ann. Mag. 
N.H., xv, p. 266; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus, p. 141. 

Mus setifer, Horsfield Zool. Res., with plate (1824); id. Cat. E. I. Mus., 
. 142. 

Mus macropus, Hodgson Ann, Mag. N. H., xv, p..268 [juv.] (1845). 

Mus bandicota, apud Cantor $. A. S. B., xv, p. 253 (1846); Blyth 
F.A.S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 39; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 635. 

Nesokia hydrophila, apud Gray Cat, Hodgs, Coll., 1st ed., p.19; [nec 
Hodgs.] 1847. a 

Mus epee elliotanus, Anderson F. A. S. B., xlvii, p, 231, pl. xiv, figs. 
e-h (1878). 

Mus (Nesokia) nemorivagus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. §28 (1881). 


Distribution.—This form seems to replace Nesokia bandicota in 
Nepal, Sikkim, Bengal and Assam; it is also recorded from For- 
mosa, and probably extends through Burma to the Malay Penin- 
sula dnd some of the islands. 


a. Ale. skull g Purneah, 28-5-72 J Anderson. 
6. Alc. skull @ juv. 3 ay J. Anderson. 
¢, Alc. skull g Alipur nr. Calcutta J. Anderson. 


{The above three are co-types of Mus (Nesokia) elliotanus, Anderson.] 
a, Alc. skull Sibsagar, Assam S. E. Peal. 


MUS. 59 


Nesokia sp ? 
Nesokia sp? Anderson $. A.S. B., xlvii, p. 225 (1878). 
Distribution. —Muscat. 


a, Alc. skull Q juv. Muscat, Persian Gulf, J. E. T. Aitchison. 
6-4-72. 


Genus MUS. 
Mus, Linnaeus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 79 (1706). 


In the following account of the Indian rats and mice Thomas’ 
paper (P. Z.S., 1881) has been followed with such additions as are 
necessary to include the few Assamese and Burmese forms not 
found in India proper. The key is also founded on Thomas’ 
key. 


Key of the Indian Species. 
a. Hind-foot with six well defined foot-pads. 


6, Large four to nine inches in length, except M. erythrotis; 
proximal hind-foot pad elongated. 


c. Whole tail covered with short hairs, upper side of tail dark ; 
mamme 8 to 12 in number. 


d, Tail dark above and below. 


e. Tail shorter than the head and body ; 10 to 12 mamme; 
hind-foot 15 to 177 in. M.decumanus, p. 61. 


e*, Tail longer than the head and body. 


jf. Anterior edge of zygoma-root with a rounded 
angle above; 10 to 12 mammez. 


g. Large, head arid body about 9g inches. 
M. bowersii, p. 62. 


g*. Medium, head and body from 5 to 8 inches; 
hind-foot, 1°2 to 1°4. in. 
M. rattus and its allies, p. 62. 


g*. Small, head and body between 4 and 5 inches ; 
hind-foot, ‘go in. M. concolor, p. 68. 


f°. Anterior edge of zygoma-root nearly perpendi- 
cular ; hind-foot *95 to 1°05. 
M. fulvescens, p. 69. 


@, Tail sharply bicolor, dark above, white below ; mamme: 
8 in number. 


60 MAMMALIA. 


h. Back rufous; tail much longer than the head and 
body ; hind-foot ; 1°o to 1°15. . 
M. jerdoni, p. 69. 


h®, Back yellowish grey ; tail as long as head and body ; 
hind-foot, 1°c. M, niviventer, p. 70. 


A®, Back grizzled grey; rufous on rump; tail shorter 
than the head and body; ears tufted; hind-foot, 
about 10... ‘ .  M. humei, p. 70. 


h*, Like M. humei but smaller, with tail longer than the 
head and body ; head and body 2°85 inches ; hind. 
foot, °68. é .  M. erythrotis, p. 70. 


c*, Distal third of tail pure white, with longer hairs. 


j. Proximal part of tail unicolorous ; six mamme; hind- 
foot, 1°2; tail longer than the head and body. 
M. blanfordi, p. 70. 


j*. Proximal part of tail bicolor; hind-foot, 1°45; tail 
shorter than the head and body. 
M. berdmorei, p. 71. 


&?, Small 2 to 4 inches in length ; last hind-foot pad circular. 
k. Anterior edge of zygoma root perpendicular or rounded. 
1, Ten mamme. 
m. Tail as long as or longer than the head and body. 


n. Below dark, like the back ; zygomatic arches arched 
normally ; hind-foot, *62 to ‘70. 
M. urbanus, P. 71. 
n®, Below dark like the back; zygomatic arches in- 
curved ; hind-foot, °83. 
M. sublimis, p. 73. 
n?. Below white ; zygomatic arches normal ; hind-foot, 
65 to "75 4 . M. bactrianus, p. 74. 
m*, Tail shorter than the head and body. 
M.cervicolor, p. 75. 


&, Six mamme; tail about as long as the head and body; 
hind-foot, "82 to°88. . . M. arianus, p. 75. 


4, Anterior edge of zygoma-root slanting forwards ; tail rather 
longer than the head and body; hind-foot "75, to 
"80, a . - M. nitulidus, p. 76. 


@. Hind-foot with only 4 or 5 cai developed foot-pads. 


MUS. 61 


o. Larger, head and body, 4 to 5 inches; hind-foot, 1°0; gene- 
rally five pads on hind foot ; mammez 8 in number. 


M. mettada, p. 76. 


o” Smaller, head and body, 3 to 4 inches; hind-foot -7o ; gene- 
rally four pads on hind-foot; mammze 6 in number. 


M. gleadowi, p. 77. 


Mus. decumanus. 


Mus decumanus, Pallas Nov. Spec. Quad. e Glir., p.91 (1778); Elliot 
Madr. Fourn., X, p. 212; Cantor $. A. S.B., xv, p. 254; Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., st ed., p.173; Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p.140; Kelaart 
Prodr, Faun. Zeylan., p. 59; Blyth F.A.S. B., xxxii, p. 335; id. Cat. no, 
361, p.113; Ferdon Mamm., p. 195; Stolicska, F. A. S. B., xli, p, 228; 
Blanford Persia, p. §3; Blyth $. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 39; 
Thomas P, Z.S., 1881, p. 532; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 46; Radde Zool, 
F. B., iv, p. 1033. “~= 

Mus decumanoides, Hodgson, ¥. A. S. B., x, p.91§ (1841) [pt.] 

Mus brunneus, Hodgson Ann. Mag.,N.H., xv, p. 266 (1845); Horsfield 
Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 142; Blyth $, A. S. B., xxxiv, p. 193; Ferdon, Mamm., 
p- 198. [pt.]. 


The Norway or Brown Rat; Canarese, Manei ilei; Hind., 
Chooha or Ghurka chooha; Malay, Tikus; Singalese, Gaval 
Meeyo ; Bengalee, Demsa indur. 


Distribution.—This almost universally distributed rat has not 
apparently made its way very far from the coast as yet. With the 
exception of some from Samagooting in Assam, and the identifi- 
cation of these seems a little doubtful, all our specimens are 
from sea coast towns : 


a, Skin @ Bushire, PersianGulf W. T. Blanford. 
6. Skin, skull @ Calcutta, 3-6-76 O. L. Fraser. 
c. Skin, skull 9 i 8-5-76 O. L. Fraser. 
d-f. 3 Skins,skulls % O. L. Fraser, 
228 : ; 
gj. 3 Skins, Samagooting, Assam _J. Butler, 1872. 
2 skulls. 
k. Alc. @ Gwadar, Baluchistan W. T. Blanford. 
1, Alc., skull 9 Karachi : Karachi Mus. 
m. Alc. & Sind Karachi Mus. 
n, Alc. é Sind J. A. Murray. 
o. Alc. & Karachi J. A Murray. 
p.» Alec. 2 sueaae Karachi Mus. 
gq. Alc,, skull @ Kyd Street, Calcutta O. L. Fraser. 


rv. Alc,, skull @ Wood Street, Calcutta J. Waterhouse. 
s. Alc. g juv. Park Street, Calcutta J. Wood Mason, 1870. 


t. Alc,, skull g Calcutta J. Anderson. 
u. Alc, juv. 4 J. Anderson. 
v Alc., skull 9 ” O. L. Fraser, 
w. Alc. skull i Purchased, 
x. Ale, 2 3 Purchased. 
y. Alc., skull -9 o Purchased, 


62 MAMMALIA. 

z. Alc. @ Calcutta Purchased, 

a’, Ale. @ Zoological Gardens J. Anderson. 

Calcutta. 

8. Alc. 2 53 J. Anderson. 

c.g Alc, foetal Calcutta J. Anderson. 

d*, Alc. juv. [with distorted teeth] J. Morgan (1862), A.S.B. 
e2f4, 2 Alc., Madras Madras Mus, 

2 skulls. 


g?. Alc., skull ¢ 


Andaman Isles 


G. E, Dobson. 


3.73, 2 Alc. é@ London A. D. Bartlett. 
1 skull. 
Hm, 3 Alc. Q London A. D. Bartlett. 
1 skull. 
np. 3 Stuffed g Calcutta E. Blyth, A.S.B. 
2 juv. 
¢. Stuffed ’ a ‘i E. Blyth, A.S.B. 
73, Stuffed 5 W. Rutledge, 1870. 
{albino}. 
s*, Stuffed skull i Mus. Coll., 1873. 
[albino], 
3-47, 2 Stuffed, Andaman Isles R. C, Tytler, 1874. 
1 skull ¢ e 
[Types of Mus tytleri, Tytler.] 
v*, Stuffed China R. Swinhoe, A.S.B. 
wm Skull daa A.S.B 
wy2, 2 Alc. @ juv. Andamans J. Anderson, 1867. 
2°, Skelet. mtd. sivasosis No history, A.S.B. 
a®, Skin Deccan (Sykes) India Mus., London. 
68, Alc. Q Kobe, Japan, 3-7-84 J, Anderson. 
c.d§, 2 Alc. 9 g Yezo, Japan, 9-84 J. Anderson. 
e§, Alc. juv. Kiga, Japan, 5-84 J. Anderson, 


Mus bowersii. 


Mus bowersii, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 304, pl. xvii (1878); Thomas 
P. Z, S., 1886, p. 62. 


Distribution —Kakhyen hills near Bhamo in Upper Burma, also 
recorded from Munipur by Thomas. 


a, Alc., skull 9 Hotha, Kakhyen hills J, Anderson. 
[Type of Mus bowersii, Anderson. ] 


Mus rattus. 


Var, A—typicus. 


Mus rattus, Linneus Syst. Nat. 12th ed.,i, p. 83 (1766); Elliot Madras 
Fournal, x, p.212; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p.§8; Blyth F.A.S.B., 
xxxii, p. 338; id. Cat. no. 362, p. 113; Ferdon Mamm., p. 194; Blanford 
Persia, p. 53. 


Var. B—alexandrinus. 
Mus alexandrinus, Js. Geoff. St. Hil, Descript. de PEgypte Hist. Nat., ii. 


MUS. 63 


P. 733, Aélas, pl. v, fig. 1 (1812); Scully P. Z, S., 1881, p. 204; Thomas 
P. Z.S., 1881, p. 533; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 46. 

Mus asiaticus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. 585 (1837) ; Blyth F. A. S.B., 
XXxXiv, Pp. 193. 

Mus arboreus, Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 141 (1851). 

P Mus crassipes, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 295 (1859); Ferdon Mamm, 
Pp. 204. 


Var. C—nitidus. 


Mus nitidus, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., Xv, p. 267 (1845); Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed. p 18; Blyth $. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 343; id. Cat, 
no. 368, p. 116; Ferdon Mamm., p. 201. 

Mus pyctoris, Hodgson Ann, Mag. N. H., xv, p. 267 (1845); Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 17. 

? Mus rattoides, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, p. 267 (1845). 

Mus horeites, Hodgson Ann, Mag. N. H., xv, p. 268 (1845). 

Mus aequicaudalis, Hodgson Ann, Mag. N. H.(2) iii, p. 203 (1849); Hors- 
field Cat, E. I. Mus., p. 144; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and. ed., p. 10. 

Mus alexandrjnus nitidus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 533 (1881). 


Var. D—rufescens. 


Mus indicus, Desmarest Mamm., ii, p. 299 (1822) [nec Bechstein]. 

Mus rufescens, Gray Charlesw. Mag N. H., i, p. 585 (1837); Cantor $. A, 
S. B., xv, p. 254; Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, |p. 168; id. F. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 
340; id. Cat. no. 367, p. 115; Ferdon Mamm., p. 199; Anderson F. 
Linn. Soc., Xi, p- 340. 

Mus flavescens, Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 214 (1839); [nec Waterhouse] 
Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 61; Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p. 142. 

Mus decumanoides, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 915 (1841) [pt] 

Mus brunneusculus, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, p. 267 (1845) ; Horsfield 

Cat. E. I, Mus., p. 143. 

Mus nemoralis, Blyth $, A. S. B., xx, p. 168 (1851); Kelaart Prodr. Faun. 

Zeylan., p. 63; Blyth F A. S. B., xxxii, p. 340; id. ¥. A, S B., xxxiv, 
. 193+ 

Mus eee Kelaart Fourn. Ceylon As. Soc., v, p. 217 (1850). 

Mus kandianus, Kelaart Fourn. Ceylon As. Soc. v, p. 212 (1850); Blyth 
FA. S, Ba XX, p. 169. 

Mus ceylonus, Xelaart Fourn. Ceylon As. Soc.,v, p. 213 (1850); id. Prod, 
Faun. Zeylan., p.61. 

Mus robustulus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 294 (1859); id F. A. S. B., xxxii, 
p- 342; id Cat. no. 364, p.114; Theobald P.A.S.B., 1866, p. 240; Blyth 
¥, A, S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 39; Blanford Ff. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 165. 

? Mus infralineatus, Elliot, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 348 (1863) ; id. Cad. 
no. 371, p- 116. 

Mus sladeni, Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 305 (1878). 

Mus yunnanensis, Avderson Anat, Zool. Res., p. 306 (1878). 

Mus alexandrinus rufescens, Thomas, P. Z. S., p. 533 (1881). 

Mus rattus rufescens, Thomas P. Z. S., pp. §7, 71 (1886). 


Var. E—andamanensis. 


Mus andamanensis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxix, p. 103 (1860); id. F. A. S. B., 
xxxii, p. 340; id. Caz. no. 363, p. 114. ; 
? Mus palmarum, Zelebor Sdugeth. Novara Reise, p. 26 (1868). 


64 MAMMALIA, 


The Black Rat or Tree Rat; Bengalee, Gachua indur; Singa- 
lese, Ghasmeeyo. 

Distribution.—The typical Black Rat is found all over Northern 
Europe and Western Asia; it has been, however, almost entirely 
displaced by the Brown Rat (Mus decumanus) in England and on 
those parts of the continent which are within easy access of the 
sea; it is also found in most of the seaport towns all over the 
world, but here also the Brown Rat struggles for existance with it. 

The Alexandrine Rat (Mus rattus alexandrinus) is merely a south- 
ern variety of the Black Rat, distinguished by its softer and reddish 
or greyish fur, and usually by its white belly; it is found in south- 
ern Europe, Egypt and Palestine and specimens identical with it 
have been got from Gilgit. 

The Tree Rat (Mus rattus rufescens) is a smaller variety of the 
Alexandrine Rat and is spread all over India, Ceylon, Assam and. 
Burma, extending as far south as Mergui at any rate. 

The Hill Rat (Mus rattus nitidus) is a rather short-tgiled variety 
which is found in Nepal and Sikkim only. 

The Andamanese variety of Mus rattus is distinguished from the 
ordinary Mus rattus rufescens of India by its spiny fur, a character 
which has been shown by Thomas not to be of even specific value, 
and also by its slightly larger size as is shown by the following 
measurements taken from the two original skins:—head and body: 
7°10 to 7°30; tail, 6°65 ; hind-foot, 1°40; a typical Mus rattus rufes- 
cens measures, head and body, 5°70; tail, 6°70; hind-foot, 1°20. 

No distinction except that of size can be found between the 
skulls of the several varieties of Mus rattus, and it is often difficult 
without a knowledge of the locality to say to which variety a 
particular individual of this species should be referred so much do 


they run into one another. 


Var, A—typicus. 


a. Skin & Resht on Caspian sea Sir O. St. John. 
Sir O. St. John. 


&. Skin g 0 ” 

e. Skin é 9 7 Sir O. St. John. 
d, Skin England Oxford Mus. Ex. 
e, Skin 3 Oxford Mus. Ex. 


Oxford Mus. Ex. 


f. Skin s 
g-h. 2 Stuffed From a ship in the Capt. Godfrey, A.S.B. 
Hooghly. 
j-l. 3 Stuffed France A. Malherbe (1849), A.S.B 


Var. B.—alexandrinus. 


a, Skin, skull Gilgit 4-78 J. Biddulph. 

6. Skin, skull Chitral 5,000 ft., G. M. Giles, 
23-10-85 : 

ce, Skin & Gilgit, 17-4-79 J. Scully. 

d, Skin, skull ¢ . 30-5-79 J. Sculy, 

e. Skin o. S&S 15-8-79 J. Scully. 


a 
HARQ BWSSe~ws 


juv. 


5 Alc, 1 steal 


Alc, 


Als, 
Alc. 
Alc. juv. 
Skin juv. 


Skin, skull 

Skin, skull 

2 Skins, 
1 skull, 

Skin 

Skin 


Skin, skull 
Skin, skull 


. 2 Skins 
. 4 Skins, 


2 skulls, 


. Skin, skull 


Skin. 


. 2 Skins, 


1 skull. 
Skin, skull 
Skin, skull 
Skin 
Skin 
Skin 
Skin 
2 Alc., 

2 skulls. 


. 2 Alc. 
, 2 Alc., 


1 skull 
Alc. 
Alc, 


3 skulls 


. 8 Alc., 


2 skulls 


, Alc., skull 
. Ale. 
. 4 Alc., 


2 skulls. 


. Alc., skull 

. 2Ale g 
. 4 Ale. 2 3 
. 3 Alc, oo 


3 skulls. 


. 4 Ale, 


2 
é 
é 


é 
é 


é 
$ 


Be AW % 


fo juv. 
. 4Alc., 


é 
2 
3 
2 
é 
g 
2 
é 
g 
é 


MUS. 


Gilgit, 9-11-79 

” 16-4-79 

” eae: 

” 15-°7: 
Galari, Megeaia 
Dead Sea, Palastine 

(Tristram), 
Kashmir 
Gilgit 


” 


Var C.—rufescens. 


Agra. 
Khandala, Bm. 
Chanda, C. P., 16-12-69 


» 18-12-69 
nr. ” Chanda, iC... Pi 
20-1-70 
nr. Chanda, C. P., 
23-1-70 
Singhbhoom 
Manbhoom, 1-65 
Manbhoom 
Gauhati, Assam, 7-70 
Munipur 
Naga hills 


Mergui, 13- 12-81 
19-12-81 
6-2-80 
16-2-82 
6-2-82 
Rajanpur Pjb. 


” 
” 


” 


” 


Karachi 
Sind 
Fattehgarh, N.-W. P. 


” ” 


Ghazipur si 
Sitapur, Oude 
Benares, I-71 
Chanda, C. P., 1867 
Goona, C. I. 

Poona dist., Bm. 
Madras 


” 


Brit, Mus. (Ex.] 


Brit. Mus. [Ex.] 
J. Scully. 
J. Scully. 
J. Scully. 


A. C. Carllyle. 
Mus. Coll. 
W. T. Blanford. 


W. T. Blanford. 
W. T. Blanford. 


W. T. Blanford. 


V. Ball, 1868. 
R. C. Beavan 
Mus, Coll., 1866. 


Mus, Coll, 
R. D. Oldham. 
A. W. Chennell. 


H. H. Godwin Austen. 
J. Anderson, 
J. Anderson. 
J. Anderson. 
J. Anderson, 
J. Anderson, 
E. Saunders, 


E. Saunders, 
Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 


Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 
Karachi Mus, [Ex.] 
A. Anderson. 


A. Anderson. 


H. Whitwell. 
A. Barclay. 
Mus. Coll, 


Mus. Coll, 

A. Masters. 

G. W. Vidal. 
Madras Mus. (Ex.] 


G. Bidie. 


65 


66 


p%. Ale. 2 

@. Ale. @ juv. 

73-28. 3 Alc. 22 fo 

ni.w?, 3 Alc. #9 9 
3 skulls. 

x3-a%, 4 Alc., 4skulls 

b4.c4, 2 Alc., 1 skull 


Q & juv. 
d‘-e4, 2 Alc., 2 
1 skull. 
#74, 4 Alc. é 
al i skull. 
k-1*, 2 Alc. g 
m*. Alc.,skull @ 
n*, Alc. g 
o*. Alc. é 


73. 3 Alc. 
# 1 skull juv. 


si-t4, 2Ale, ~ 
1 skull. 

ni.v*, 2 Alc. g 

mw, Ale. g juv. 


x4-y*, 2 Alc., 
1 skull ¢ Q 
z*, Alc., skull 2 
a®, Alc., skull 9 
4 


5°, 2 Alc.,. 
1 skull. 
e3-d5, Alc. juv. 
e. 5 Alc. juv. 


f®. Alc., skull ¢ 
e*. Alc., skull, @ 
A, Alc., skull, ¢ 


j®. Ale. 9 juv. 

k°-m®, 3 Alc., 2 
2 skulls. 

n®, Alc. g 

o®, Alc. a 

d%-7°, 3 Alc., g 
1 skull. 

s-0, 4 Alc. Qjuv. 
2 skulls. 


MAMMALIA. 


Madras 


Ceylon 
Nepal 
Calcutta 


” 


” 


Wood St., Calcutta 
Kyd St., Calcutta 
Dhappa, Calcutta, 1-81 


” ” 
Botanical Gardens, 
Calcutta. 
Zoological 
Calcutta. 
Zoological 
Calcutta. 
Zoological 
Calcutta. 
Samagooting, Assam 


Gardens, 
Gardens, 


Gardens, 


Narain pur 
Kashia Hills af 
Cherrapoonjee _,, 


” 7 
Pegu 
Lower Pegu 
Shwegyin, Tenasse- 
rim. 


G. Bidie. 
G. Bidie. 
G. Bidie. 
J- Anderson. 


Mus. Coll. 
E. Blyth, A.S.B. 


J. Anderson, 
Purchased, 


J. Waterhouse. 
Mus. Coll. 
Mus Coll, 

R. deCruz. 

J. Anderson. 


J. Anderson. 

J. Anderson. 

J. Anderson. 

J. Butler. 

H. H. Godwin Austen, 
H. H. Godwin Austen, 
J. H. Bourne. 

J. H. Bourne. 

J. H. Bourne. 

W. Theobald. 


W. T. Blanford. 
Major Berdmore, A.S,B- 


[Type of Mus robustulus, Blyth.] 


Shwegyin, Tenasserim Major Berdmore. 


Tim. 


” ” 


Taing, Mergui 
Hotha, Yunan 
Hotha, Yunan 


Hotha, Yunan 


Major Berdmore. 
}. Anderson. 
J. Anderson, 
J. Anderson, 


J. Anderson, 


[The above eight specimens are types of Mus sladeni, Anderson.} 


w*, Alc., skull 3 
#-y*, 2 Alc, 3 Q 
¥ skull 


Momein, Yunnan 
Hotha, Yunnan 


J. Anderson, 
J. Anderson, 


[The above three are types of Mus yuananensis, Anderson.} 


a® Stuffed, $ 
skull, 


or. Chanda, C, P, 


W. T. Blanford. 


a’, Stuffed skull 


&'-c5, 2 Stuffed, 


2 skulls, 


a’.e8, 2 Stuffed 
f°. Stuffed 
g®-18. 5 Stuffed 
m5-8, 4 Stuffed 
g°-75, 2 Stuffed 


s*. Stuffed, 


uS.x8- 4 Stuffed 


y'-2, 2 Skins 
1 skull, 
a’, Skin, skul 
87. Skin 


e7, Skin, skull 


MUS. 


Singhbhoom 
Manbhoom 


ar. Calcutta 
” 
” 


Ceylon 
[Types of Mus. nemoralis, 


Trincomali, Ceylon 


Newera Elia, Ceylon, 
(1851) 

Shwegyin, 
rim. 

Manbhoom 


Tenasse- 


1 Malacca 
Pinang (Cantor) 
South India 


67 


Mus, Coll, 1869. 
Mus, Coll. 


E. Blyth, A.S.B. 

India Mus., London. 

E. Blyth, A.S.B. 

No history, A.S.B. 

E. F, Kelaart (1851), A.S. Be 


Blyth,] 

E, F. Kelaart (1851), A.S.B 
E, F. Kelaart (1885), A.S.B. 
Major Berdmore, A.S.B. 
Mus. Coll., 1866. 

Rev. F. Lindstedt, A.S.B. 


India Mus., London. 
Sir W. Elliot (1841), A.S.B. 


(? Type of Mus. infralineatus, Elliot MSS.] 


d’-f7, 3 Ale. 4 g ?NeweraElia, Ceylon 
1 skull. : 
g7. Alc, juv. ‘-Jeysulmere, Rjpt. 


a, Alc., skull 
b. Alc., skull 
ce. Alc., skull 
d. Alc., skull 


. 4 Alc. 2 

. Ale. 

. 2 Ale. 
2 skulls 

, 2 Alc. 

2, Alc, skul 

, Alc., skul 


. 4 Ale. g juv. 


oe 


juv. 


E. F, Kelaart (1851). 
N, Belletty. 


Var, D—nitidus. 


Nepal 
Darjeeling, 22-1-72 


” 


” 


Rungbee, Darjeeling 


juv. 
é 


Sibsagar, Assam 


” 
Munipur 


Ling Eine Bt. Sikkim, 


lg ” 
1 8 


‘ juv. 


i4.m3 2 Stuffed 
n?.r*, 5 Stuffed 


Darjeeling 


n 


Mus, Coll. 
Mus. Coll. 
Mus. Coll. 
J. Gammie, 
G. King. 


King. 


King. 
King. 


King. 
King. 
King, 
King. 


King. 
King. 
King. 
E. Peal. 


E. Peal. 
R. D. Oldham. 
T. Johnston. 


W. S. Sherwill, A.S.B. 
T. C. Jerdon, A.S.B. 


F 2 


HN NNHH OHOA OA H 


68 MAMMALIA. 


s*, Alc., skull g Ling Ling, Bt. Sikkim T. Johnston. 


uv. 
2-92, 2 Skins Landour, nr. Mussoorrie L. C. Stewart, A.S.B. 
w-x7, 2 Ale. g@ Darjeeling W. G. Masson. 
2 skull, 
Var. E.—andamanensis. 
a-b, 2 Skin, skull Andamans Capt. Hodge (1860), A.S.B 
(Types of Mus andamanensis, Blyth.] 
c. Alc., head only Andamans B. Smith (1863). 
d-e, 2 Alc., Q@ Andamans G. E. Dobson, 
2 skulls, 
f-h. 3 Alc. 2 g9 Barren Island, Bay of F. R. Mallet. 
1 skull. Bengal. 
j-k. 2 Alc, g 9 SouthBrother, Anda- T. Cadell. 
1 skull. mans. 


Mus rubricosa. 
Mus rubricosa, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 306 (1878). 


Distribution.—Kakhyen hills of Upper Burma. 

This species is closely allied to M. rattus nitidus; it seems to 
be distinguished only by its very dark ventral surface ; whether this 
is a constant character or not, can only be proved by further speci- 
mens. 


qa. Alc. skull g Hotha, Yunnan J. Anderson. 
{Type of M. rubricosa, Anderson.] 


Mus concolor. 


Mus concolor, Blyth F. A.S. B., xxviii, p. 295 (1859) ; id. F. A. S. B., xxxii, 
PP. 73) 344; id. Cat. n°, 370, p. 116; id. FAS. B., xliv, Burma List, 
p. 40; Anderson Four, Linn, Soc., xxi, p. 341. 


Distribution.—Burma, Upper and Lower, extending southwards 
to Mergui and the Malay peninsula. 

A very closely allied species Mus ephippium of Jentink (Notes 
Leyd. Mus., ii, p. 15) has been recorded from Sumatra and Kina 
Balu in Borneo. 


a, Skin Malacca. R. W. G. Firth aa 6 

b. Skin a Mergui, 17-12-81 J. Anderson. 

c. Skin g ‘3 - J. Anderson. 

d. Skin ie * J. Anderson. 

e. Ale. g Shwegyin  dist., Major Berdmore (1859), 
Tenasserim. A.S.B. 

f Alc., skull 9 


Shwegyin dist, Major Berdmore (1859), 
Tenasserim. AS.B 


MUS, 69 


g. Ale. juv. Shwegyin Dist., Major Berdmore (1 859), 
Tenasserim. A.S.B: 
[3 Types of Mus concolor, Blyth.] 
4-1. 4 Alc., & Moulmein T. H. Hood (1872). 
3 skulls, . 
m. Alc. g ” T. H. Hood (1872), 
_n-0, mae 2 g Mt. Mooleyit, Tenas. Tenasserim Expd, (1877). 
1 skull. 
ps. 4 Alc., & Mergui, 12-81 J. Anderson. 
t. Alc. @ Taing, Mergui, 1-82 J. Anderson. 
u-x, 4Alc.,, @ Mergui, 12-81 J. Anderson, 
tskull. 
y. Alc., skull g oe 7” J. Anderson. 


Mus fulvescens. 


Mus fulvescens, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 18 (1846); Thomas 
P. Z. S4 1881, p. 537. 

Mus caudatior, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), iii, p. 203 (1849) ; Horsfield 
Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 144; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxiv, p. 193; Ferd on 
Mamm., p.201; Blyth F. A. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 40, 

Mus. cinnamoneus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 294 (1859), [nec Pictet]; 
id. ¥. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 341; id. Caz. no. 366, p. 115. 


Distribution.—Nepal and Sikkim Himalayas extending to the 
Tenasserim hills. 


a. Skin, skull Shwegyin, Tenasserim Major Berdmore (1859), 
A.S.B. 

6. Alc., skull Shwegyin, Tenasserim Major Berdmore (1859), 
A.S. 


. 


[Types of Mus cinnamoneus, Blyth.] 


Mus jerdoni. 


Leggada jerdoni, Blyth $. A. S. B,, xxxii, p. 350 (1863); id. Caz. no. 393, 
p. 121; Ferdon Mamm., p. 209. ; 

Mus. octomammis, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 10 (1863). 

Mus jerdoni, Thomas, P. Z. S., p. 537 (1881). 


_ Distribution.—Sikkim and Assam hills; Java (Thomas) and 
probably the intervening countries. 


a. Alc.,skull ¢ Darjeeling W. G. Masson. 
b-c. 2 Alc. juv. 49 W. G. Masson, 
d-e, 2 Alc. juv. sie W. G. Masson. 
fg. 2Ale. g 9 Cherrapoonjee, Assam, J. H. Bourne. 
12-79-71. 
h. Ale. Qjuv. iy 5 J. H. Bourne. 
j-l. 3 Ale. juv. #8 e J. H. Bourne. 
m, Skin,skull Darjeeling, T.C. Jerdon, A.S.B, 
juv. 


[Type of Leggada jerdoni, Blyth,] 


70 MAMMALIA. 


Mus niviventer. 


Mus (Rattus) niviventer, Hodgson F. A, S. B., v, p. 234 (1836). 

Mus niviventer, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N.H., xv, p. 267 (1845); Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll. , 1st ed., p.18; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 295; id, F. A.S. B,, 
xxxii, p. 342; Ferdon Mamm.,p. 200 (pt.]; Thomas P.Z.S., 1881, p. 540. 


Distribution,—North-West Himalayas. 
[No specimens in the Indian Museum,] 


Mus humei. 
Mus humei, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 63, pl. v (1886). 
Distribution.—Munipur. 


a, Skin @ Moirang, Munipur British Mus. [Ex.] 
(A. O. Hume, 2-3-81.) 


(One of the type specimens,] 


Mus erythrotis. 


Mus erythrotis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B. xxiv, p. 721 (1855); id. F. ASB, 
Exxii, p. 348; id. Cat. no. 387, p. 120, 


Distribution.—The Khasia hills of Assam. 

The type, of which unfortunately the skull appears to have been 
lost, seems to be immature; there is however another specimen in 
the Museum from the same place, Cherrapoonjee, which agrees 
with the type in every way except that it is slightly larger. The 
measurements of this specimen are as follows :—Head and body, 
2°85; tail, 3°25; hind-foot, without claw, °68; fore-arm and hand, 
83; ear conch, °32; nose to ear (skull extracted), *82. 

The ear is very small and has a thin tuft of long hairs springing 
from the middle of the conch; there are eight mamma, and in 
these points and in the reddish hairs about the posterior part of 
the back and arms, this species seems to be allied to Mus humei ; 
in size, however, this species differs considerably from Mus 
humei which is described as 125 mm. or nearly 5 inches long; 
there is also no sign of the reduction of the 5th toe which is so 
characteristic of Mus humei. 


a. Alc. juv. Cherrapoonjee F. Skipwith (1855), A. S. B. 
(Type of Mus erythrotis, Blyth.] ° 
& Alc., skull 9 Cherrapoonjee J. H. Bourne (1871). 
ef. 4 Ale. juv. a J. H. Bourne (1871). 
g. Skin Nil Valley, South Mani- H. H. Godwin Austen. 


pur, 


Mus blanfordi. 


Mus blanfordi, Thomas Ann. Mag. N. H. vii, p. 24 (881); id. 
P. 2. S., 1881, p. 541, pl. 1, & (5), vii, p. 24 ( ); 


MUS. 74 


Distribution.—Southern India, Cuddapah district and Sheva- 
Toy hills. 


a-l, 2 Skins, Shevaroy hills, Mdr. W. Daly. 
2 skulls, 


Mus berdmorei. 


Mus betdmorei, Blyth ¥. A. S. B. xx, p. 173 (1851); id. ¥. A. S. B 
xxxil, p. 343; Thomas P, Z. S., 1886, p. 02. - 


Distribution —Munipur and Mergui. 

This species was first described by Blyth from a single speci- 
men from Mergui; but he afterwards merged the species with his 
Mus robustulus which is doubtless the same as Mus rattus 
rufescens; Thomas (supra) has resurrected Blyth’s old name for 
a peculiar rat forming part of the Hume Munipur Collection, 
which rat, according to Thomas, agrees remarkably with the ori- 
ginal description of Blyth. 

The skull, which is still in the collection, agrees with Thomas’ 
‘description of the skull of the Munipur specimen, the flat skin has 
unfortunately dissappeared. 

This rat is allied to Mus blanfordi and to Mus confucianus of 
Milne Edwards, from China, all of which.are distinguished by their 
parti-coloured tails with the terminal half white. 


a, Skull Mergui Major Berdmore. 


[Type of Mus berdmorei of Blyth.] 


Mus urbanus. 


Mus musculus, apud Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 214 (1839); Cantor 
F. A. S. B., Xv, p. 254 ; 

Mus nipalensis, Hodgson ¥ A. S.B., x, p. 915 (1841) [sine descr.]; Gray 
Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 19. : 

Mus dubius, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B.. x, p. 915 (1841) [sine descr.]; Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p.19; Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H,, xv, p. 268 ; 
Horsfieid Cat. E. 1., Mus., p. 143. ‘ 

Mus manei, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 111 (1843) (sine descr.]; Blyth 
F. A.S. B. xx, p.172; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 64. 

Mus urbanus, Hodgson, Ann. Mag, N. H., xv, p. 269 (1845); Blyth 
¥. A. S, B., xxxii, p. 345; id. Cat. no. 380, p. 118; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll. 
and ed., p. 10; F¥erdon Manim., p. 203 ; Stolickza FA. S. B., xli, p. 228; 
Thomas P. Z. S., 1881, p. 544; Murray Zool Sind, p. 40. 

Mus homourus, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, p. 268 (1845); Blyth 
. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 295; id. F. A. S. B., xxxti, p. 340; id. Cat. no. 379, 

.118; Ferdon Mamm., p. 204. oe 

ie See. es) Ann. Mag, N. H, (2) iii, p. 203 (1849) 
[sine descr.]; Horsfield Cat. E. J. Mus. p. 143; Blyth $. A. S.B., xxx, 
p- 348; id. ¥ A. S. B., xxxiv, p. 1933 Ferdon Mamm., p. 205. . 

Mus tytleri, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 296 (1859); id. F. A. S. B., xxxit, 

. 346; Ferdon Mamm., p. 205. " 
Mus Se ae apud Blyth F. A. S. B., Xxxiv, p. 194 (1865). 


72 MAMMALIA. 


Mus kakhyensis, Anderson Anat, Zool. Res., p. 307 (1878). 
Mus viculorum, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p 308 (1878). 


Distribution —The whole of India and Ceylon, except in Sind 
and the Punjab, where it is replaced by the next species, Mus 
bactrianus; it extends into the Himalayas and over Assam, Cachar, 
Burma, the Andamans and Nicobars ; Thomas also gives Malacca. 

This species is very doubtfully distinct from the almost univer- 
sally distributed Mus musculus; it has however been treated by 
Thomas (/.c.) as a distinct species, and it has accordingly been 
left so for the present; Blyth states that Mus musculus has larger 
ears, smaller eyes, and broader paws, and the tail one-fourth 


shorter ; none of these differences seem to hold good for a large 
number of specimens. 


a-b. 2 Alc. 


24 Calcutta J. Anderson, 
c-d. 2 Alc.,2skulls Darjeeling G. King. 
2S 
e. Alc., skull 9 i J. Anderson. 
f-g.2Alc. 39 ” W. Masson. 
h-k, 3 Alc. skull Ling Ling, Brit. Sikkim T. Johnston (in jungle). 
go 2juv. 


1. Alc. a os 
m. Alc., skull ¢@ Karachi 
n-q. 4 Alc.t skull Fattehgarh, N“W. P. 
3,352, juv. 


as T. Johnston (in jungle), 
Karachi Mus, [Ex.} 
A. Anderson. 


7. Alc. juv. Banda Dist., N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 
s-u. 3 Alc.,1skull Benares, N.-W. P., Mus, Coll. 
$29 10-1-71. 
v-w, 2 Alc. Khandala, Bm. G. W. Vidal. 
xy, 2 Alc.,1skull Collagelly hills, Trichi, R. H. Beddome. 
a2 dist., Md. 
z. Alc. @ Madras G. Bidie. 
a®.b7, 2 Alc. ce) ‘sy G. Bidie. 
. Ale. juv. is G. Bidie. 
@. Alc., skull ¢ ii W. Davison. 
juv. 
ef?, 2 Alc., 1 skull Vizagapatam, Md. Mus, Coll. 
3 
g?-7?. 3 Alc.,1 skull Ceylon E. F, Kelaart. 
28 
.m?. 3 Alc. 2skulls Raniganj, Bg. Purchased. 


se 

n’-p*, 3 Alc.,2 skulls Purneah, Bg. 
ose 

g-s*. 3 Alc. 2s Calcutta 


juv. 
Hy? 3 Alc. 3 - 
2 juv. 
ow. Alc. 2 i 
x?-27, 3 Ale. 


a®-b%. 2 Alc. Q g Dhappa, Calcutta 
e®-e8, 3 Alc.,2skulls Botanical Gardens, Cal- 
a} juv. cutta. 
F*. Alc. $ Kututangra(on cocoanut 
trees), Calcutta. 


J. Anderson. 
E, Blyth. 
J. Anderson. 


R. deCruz. 

Mus. Coll. 

Mus. Coll. (1881). 
J. Anderson. 


Mus, Coll, 


MUS. 73 


gtk. 2Ale, g Dacca N. Belletty. 
j*. Ale. ¢  Haldibari, Bg. Purchased. 
2.18. 2 Alc,,2 skulls Goalpara, Assam H. L. Haughton (1868). 
oo 2 
m, Alc., skull 9 Sibsagar, Assam S. E. Peal. 
n§, Alc. juv. Garo Hills Capt. Williamson. 
0%. Alc., skull ¢ Khasia Hills H. H. Godwin Austen (1870). 
juv. 
p-g 2Alc. ¢ @ Silcuri, Cachar J. Wood Mason. 
73, Ale. Q Cachar Mus. Collector (1867). 


s*-28. 4 Alc. # 392 i M. J. Ogle. 
7.23, 2 Alc. Q Chittagong Hill Tracts J. T. Jarbo. 


y® Alc. @ Andamans Capt. Hodge, A.S.B. 
23, Ale.,skull ¢ 5 J. Homfray. 
a*.b4, 2 Alc., skull a) G. E. Dobson. 
a2 
c4.f* 4 Alc.,1 skull 36 J. Wood Mason. 
aQ 2juv. 
gth. 2 Alc. 9 juv. Nicobars F. A. de Reepstroff. 
j*. Alc, skull € Ponsee, Kakhyen hills, J. Anderson. 
Burma. 


[Type of Mus of kakhyensis, Anderson. ] 


AA-14, 2 Alc.,2skulls Ponsee Kakhyen hills, J. Anderson. 
g Burma. 


[Types of Mus viculorum, Anderson.] 


m4-o4, 3 Stuffed Calcutta E, Byth, A.S.B. 
4, Skin Sirguja, 6-71 V. Ball. 
g*. Alc., skull ¢ Burma J. Wood Mason. 
7*, Alc. skull Q 35 Majot Berdmore, A.S.B. 
si-¢4, 2 Alc. Nicobars, 7-81 H. H. Godwin Austen. 


Mus sublimis. 


Mus crassipes, apud Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 108 (1875). 
Mus sublimis, Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 51 (1879); Scully Ann. 
Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 99. 


Distribution,—This mouse has only been found in the higher 
regions of Central Asia, once by Stoliczka, west of the Pan- 
kong Lake in Ladak, at 13,000 feet, and once by Colonel 
Biddulph in the Astor district of Kashmir, at a height of 11,000 
feet. 

The species is nearly allied to Mus urbanus, but differs in having 

‘a slightly longer hind-foot with the tubercles very far apart; the 
skull differs from that of M. urbanus and M. bactrianus in having the 
zygomatic arches incurved, the palate also is peculiar, the posterior 
nasal opening being particularly wide, and the pterygoid short and 
very considerably thickened. 


u. Alc., skull 9  Tanksee W. of Pankong F, Stoliczka. 
Lake, Ladak, 13,000 ft. 


[Type of Mus sublimis, Blanford.] 


74 MAMMALIA. 


Mus bactrianus. 


Mus bactrianus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 140 (1846); id. ¥. A. S. B., 
xxxii, p. 347; id. ¥. A. S.B., xxxiv, p. 193; Ferdon Mamm., p. 205; 
Blanford Persia, p. 56, pl. v, fig. 2; id. F A. S. B, xlvi, p. 324; 
Danford and Alston P. Z. S., 1880, p. 61; Scully Ann. Mag. N. 
H. (5), viii, p. 228; Thomas P. Z. S., 1881, p. 546; Murray Zool. 
Sind,, p. 47; Scully F. A. S.B., lvi, p. 72; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 
1033. : 

Mus gerbillinus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxii, p. 410 (1853); id. Cat, no. 382, 


p. 119. 
Mus theobaldi, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxii, p. 583 (1853). 


Distribution —The Punjab and Sind, extending northwards to 
the Himalayas, at Simla and to Ladak, and westward through 
Afghanistan and Baluchistan to the Euphrates, Palestine and 
Egypt. 

This species seems to replace the last in desert and dry coun- 
tries, it resembles it in every particular except in its very pale colour 
and distinctly white ventral surface. 


a. Skin _@ Shiraz, 6-69. Sir O. St. John. 
b. Skin Mashish, nr. Karman, W. T. Blanford, 
S.E Persia, 20-5-72. 
c. Skin @ Maimanah, 4-4-86. C. E. Yate. 
d. Skin Pind Dadan Khan W. Theobald, A.S.B, 
(Type of Mts gerbillinus, Blyth.] 
e-g. 3 Alc. 299 Pishin, Baluchistan W. T. Blanford. 
&-m. § Ale. § 4 2 Kalagan, Baluchistan W. T. Blanford- 
n-p. 3 Ale. Q Bampur, Beluchistan W YT. Blanford. 
gt. 4 Alc. 2 g nr. Karman, S. Persia W.T.Blanford. ~ 
29 ; 
uv. 2Alc, g 9 Kohat, Punjab M. J. Ogle. 
w-x. 2 Alc. g Rajanpur, Punjab E. Saunders. 
gy. § Ale. @ Shahpur, Punjab G. Henderson. 
@? f*, 3 Alc., skull Pind Dadan Khan, Pun- W. Theobald, A.S.B. 
oQjuv. jab 
g7-R. 4 Alc.2 g@ Karachi Karachi Mus. 
22 
Pn, 2 Alc. t . Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 
n*. Alc. @ Clifton, Karachi Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 
0. Alc. @ Acacia Forest, Kotri, Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 
Sind. 
2g 2Ale, g 2 Sind Karachi Mus. 
7. Ale. & Kotri, Sind J. Scully. 
s*. Alc. Q Pir Pinjal W. Theobald, A.S.B, 
2m 4 Ale. 3 g Ladak G. Henderson. 
1Q 
2% 4 Alc. 2 3 Simla R. A. Sterndale. 
29 
48. Skull g Bampur, Baluch. W. T. Blanford. 
e, Skin Suleiman Mts., 10-74 V. Ball. 
d*. Alc. Q Jerusalem J. Anderson. 
e®, Alc., skull 9 nr. Attock A. Barclay, 
FS. Alc. 2 Bebenanee, Baluch.- J. A. Murray. 


g&* Alc,skull ¢ 


Karnak, Egypt 


J. Anderson. 


MUS. 75 


Mus cervicolor. 


Mus cervicolor, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, p. 268 (1845); Gray 
Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 19; Ferdon Mamm., p. 206. [pt.J; Thomas 
P. Z.S., 1881, p. 547; id. P. Z. S., 1886, p. 65. : 

Mus strophiatus, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, p. 268 (1848); Blyth 
F. ALS. B, xxxii, p. 349; id. ¥. A. S. B., xxxiv, p. 193. 

Mus cunicularis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p.721 (1855); id. F A. SB, 
Xxxii, p. 248; id. Cat. no. 384, p. 119. 


Distribution.—Nepal and the Eastern Himalayas, extending 
through Assam and Munipur. 

There does not seem to be any true distinction between this 
species and Leggada buduga; Thomas (J. ¢.) allows that they are 
nearly allied but asserts that they can be distinguished by the 
length of their ears; this distinction does not seem to hold good 
when measurements of many individuals are taken. As this cata- 
logue has been founded on Thomas’ monograph on the Indian Mice, 
the two species have been kept apart, being merely distinguished 
by their geographical origin. 


a-c. 3 Alc., 1 skull Khasia Hills F. Skipwith (1855), A.S.B. 
2é1¢ 
[Types of Mus cun{cularis, Blyth.] 
d-e. 2 Alc.,1 skull Garo Hills N. Belletty (1870), 
2 
J. Alc., skull Dacca N. Belletty (1870). 
é 
g-h. 2Alc, 2 Cachar Mus Coll, 
skulls g¢ 2 
j. Alc., skull g Narainpur, Assam H. H. Godwin Austen. 


juv. 
k. Alc. skull g@ Hailakandi, Cachar C. H. Dreyer. 


juv. 


Mus arianus, 


Mus sylvaticus, apud Filippi Viaggio Persia, p. 344 (1865). 

Mus erythronotus, Blanford Ann. Mag. N. H. (4) xvi, p. 311 (1875); 
id. Persia, p. 54, pl. v, fig-3; id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 54; id. F. A. S. &., 
xlviii, p. 97 [wec. Temminck]. 

Mus arianus, Blanford Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), vii, p. 162 (1881); Scully 
P. Z. S., 1881, p. 205; Thomas P. Z. S., 1881, p. 548; Buchner Wiss. 
Result. Przewalski Reisen, Rodentia, p. go. 


Distribution—Northern Persia, Gilgit, and the Pamir, extending 
to the Thian Shan (Przewalsky). 

This species is closely allied to Mus sylvaticus which it seems to 
replace in Asia; the distinctions between the two species are 
clearly pointed out by Thomas (/.c.) and the persistance of 
these differences seem to be confirmed by the examination of the 
specimens in the Indian Museum. 


76 MAMMALIA. 


a. Skin Kashgar, 14-2-74 F. Stoliczka. 
(Biddulph). : 
b-e. 4 Skins, Panjah, Wakhan, 4-74 _ F. Stoliczka, 
2skulls. : 
f-g. 2 Skins, Gilgit J. Biddulph. 
1 skull. 
h. Skin, skull Hunza ]. Biddulph. 
uv, 
pk. 2 Skins, Chitral, 10-85, 5,000 ft. G. M. Giles, 
2 skulls. 
1. Skin, skull Gilgit, 1-86, 6,000 ft. G. M. Giles. 
m, Skin 2 4 8-79 J. Scully. 
na. Skin ix 2-79 J. Scully. 
o-p. ae 7 @ Kohrud N. of Ispahan W. T. Blanford, 
tskull. 


Types of Mus erythronotus, Bla nford. 
J 7 
gq. Alc. Q Gilgit J. Scully. 


Mus nitulidus. 


Mus nitulidus, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 204 (1859); id. . A. S. B., xxzii, 
p 347; id. Cat. no. 381, p. 119; id. ¥. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 40; 
Thomas P. Z. S., 1881, p. 550. 


Distribution. —District of Shwegyin in Burma and Sikkim, and 
probably the intervening country. 

The type of this species is missing ; it perhaps disappeared during 
the transference of the Asiatic Society’s collections to the present 
Museum ; it is therefore impossible ever to be certain as to whether 
Thomas’ identification of this species is correct or not.. The 
following specimens agree fairly well with Thomas’ description :— 


a. Alc., skull g Darjeeling G. King. 

b-e. 4 Aic., 1 skull Rungbee, Darjeeling G, King. 
é 

f-h. 3 Alc., 1 skull si i G. King. 
g 

gem 5 Alc. juv. 7 si G. King. 


Mus mettada. 


Golunda meltada, Gray Charlesw., Mag. N. H.,i., p. 586 (1837); Horsfield 
Cat. £. I, Mus., p. 144; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 352; Ferdon Mammy, 
p- 213. 

Mus lanuginosus, Elliot Madras Fourn,, x, p. 212 (1839). 

Mus mettada, Blanfurd $. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 200, pl. i, figs. 1-9 (1877); 
Thomas P. Z,S., 1881, p. §503 Murray Zool. Sind, p. 47. 


Distribution.—This species seems to be confined to the western 
and southern parts of India, extending eastward as far as the 
North-West Provinces only. 


a-c. 3 Alc.,2skulls Etawah dist. N.-W.P. A. Anderson. 
$28 


MUS. 77 


d. Alc.,headand Banda dist., N.-W.P. J. Cockburn. 


foot only. 
e. Alc. 9 juv. Karachi Karachi Mus, 
f-l. 6 Alc. g Sind J. A. Murray. 
5 juv. 
m-o. 3 Alce.g@ 2 9 Madras Pr. G. Bidie. ; 
p-r. 3 Alc. g oD No history. 
juv, 


Mus gleadowi. 
Mus gleadowi, Murray P. Z. S., p. 809, pl. li (1885). 


Distribution —Western India; the type was described from 
Karachi, and the Indian Museum has specimens from Goona and 
Kutch. 

This species seems to be very closely allied to M. mettada, 
from which it is however distinguished by its considerably smaller 
size and by its’ very much shorter and narrower tarsus ; this species 
too seems never to possess more than 4 pads on the hind-foot, while 
all the specimens of M. mettada in’the Museum possess the proxi- 
mal 5th pad. 

The measurements of the three specimens compare very well 
with the measurements given by Blanford in a note appended 
to the original description, z.e.:—Head and body, 3°40; tail, 2°80; 
hind-foot, ‘yo; forearm and hand, ‘80; ear conch, ‘61; auditory 
meatus to muzzle, ‘91. 


a-b. 2 Alc, & Goona,C. I. A. Barclay. 
ce. Ale.,skull.g Kutch F. Stolizcka. 


Mus wagneri. 


Mus wagneri, Eversmann Bull. Nat. Mosc., xxi, pt. 1, p. 191, pl. i, fig. 1 
(1848) ; Buchner Wiss. Result. Przewalski Reise, Rodentia, p. 88. 

Mus sylvaticus, apud Brandt Lehmann’s Reise nach Buchara, p. 305 
(1852)*. 

Mus pachycercus, Blanford $. A. S. B., xliv, p. 108 (1875); id., Yarkand 
Mamm., p. 53, pl. ix, fig. 2, pl. xb, fig. 4. 


Distributton.—The house-mouse of Central Asia, described as a 
new species by Blanford, has been since identified by Buchner (J.c.) 
asa species of Eversmann’s, described long ago from a specimen 
collected on the steppes between the. Volga and the Ural. It has 
been got by Przewalsky from a large number of localities through- 
out Turkestan and Mongolia, and seems to be the common house- 
mouse of all Central Asia. 


a-d, 4 Skins Yarkand, 11-73 F. Stoliczka. 
e. Skin Sanju, 10°73 F. Stoliczka, 
j-g. 2 Skins Kargalik, 11-73 F. Stoliczka. 
h. Skin, skull. 5°74 F. Stoliczka. 


j. Skin Yangihissar, 4°74 F, Stoliczka 


78 MAMMALIA, 


k. Skin rere F. Stoliczka. 
lem, 2 Alc.,1 skull Yarkand, 11-73 F, Stoliczka. 
$ 
[Types of Mus pachycercus, Blanford.] 
n. Ale. Q Eastern Turkestan J. Scully. 
Po, Skin, skull Resht, Caspian W. T. Blanford. 


: Mus musculus. 


Mus musculus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. 83 (1766); Blasius 
Saugeth. Deutschl., p. 320; Blyth Cat. no. 378, p. 118. 


Distribution. —Cosmopolitan, if as Thomas (Encycl. Brit., xvii, 
p. 5) believes to be the case, Mus urbanus is indistinguishable from 
this species; the original home of Mus musculus was probably in 
India. 


a. Stuffed England Mr. Kirtland (1845), A. S. B. 
6. Stuffed N. Carolina, U.S.A. Rev. F. Fitzgerald (1852), 
A::S B. 
e-d. 2 Alc., 1 skull London A. D. Bartlett, 
é 
e-f. 2 Alc., 1 skull ji A. D. Bartlett, 
2 


Mus sylvaticus, 


Mus sylvaticus, Linneus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p.‘84 (1766); Blasius. 
Sdugeth Deutschl., p. 322; Blyth. Cat. no. 373, pe 116. 


Distribution. —The whole of Europe, eastwards itis replaced by 
Mus arianus. 


a-d. 4 Alc., 1 skull London A. D, Bartlett, 
' 3 
ef, 2 Alc., 1 skull ‘i A. D. Bartlett. 
2 
g. Stuffed Switzerland A. Malherbe (1842), A. S. B. 
hj. 2 Stuffed England A. D. Bartlett, A. S. B. 


Mus minutus. 


Mus minutus, Pallas Nov, Spec. Quad. e Glir., p. 345 (1778); Blasius 
Sdugeth. Deutschl p. 326; Blyth Cat. no. 375, p. 117. 

Mus messorius, Shaw Genl., Zool., ii, pt. 1, p. 62 (1801). . 

Mus soricinus, pendulinus et parvulus Hermann Obs. Zool., i, PP- 57 
61, 62 (1804). 

Mus pratensis, Ocksay Nova Acta Acad. Zeop. Caro., xv, pt. 2, ps 243, pl. 
Ixviii (1831). 


Disiribution,—The Palaeartic region. 
a. Alc. é England H. E. Strickland (1844), A.S.B. 


Mus abyssinicus. 


Mus abyssinicus, Riafpell Mus. Senck. iii, p. 1, vii fig.i (1845); Blan= 
Fu dae RA us. Senck, iii, p. 104, pl, vii fig. i ( 45) i 


LEGGADA, 79 


Distribution.—Abyssinia, 


a. Stuffed Wandash Pass, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 
4-68. 

6-c, 2 Skins Wandash Pass, Abyssinia W, T. Blanford, 
4-68, 


Mus pumelio, 


Mus pumelio, Sparrman Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl., v, p. 236, pl. vir 
(1784); A. Smith S. African Zool, pl. xlvi, fig. 1; Blyth Cat. no. 388, 
p. 120. © 


Distribution.—South Africa. 
a-b, 2 Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard. 


Mus longipilis, 
Mus longtpilis, Gould Mamm, Australia, iii, pl. xiii (1863). 
Distribution.—New South Wales, Australia 
w. Skin Australia. Melbourne Mus. [Ex.] 


Mus assimilis, 
Mus assimilis, Gould P. Z.S., p. 241 (1857); id. Mamm, Austr,, iii,pl. xv, 
Distribution.—New South Wales to Western Australia, 
a-b, 2 Skins Western Australia No history. 


Mus gouldi. 


Mus gouldi, Waterhouse Zool, Voy. Beagle Mamm. (1840)*; Gray List 

Mamm. B.M.,p. 111; Gould Mamm. Austr, iii, pl. xix; Blyth Cat. no. 399 

. 116. - ; 
Mis. grayii, Gray App. Grey’s Travels Austr, ii, p. 410 (1841). 


Distribution.—Australia. 


a. Stuffed Australia Sydney Institution 
’ (1846), A.S B, 
b. Skin Plains of West Australia Brit. Mus, (Ex.] 


Genus LEGGADA, 


Leggada, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,, i, p. 586 (1837): 
Nannomys, Peters Monatsber, Akad. Berlin, p. 480 (1876). 


Two species only are found in the Indian Empire; three others 
have been described from Africa. 


80 MAMMALIA, 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a, Larger, 3 to 4 inches; tail as long as the body only; extra cusp 
on the anterior molar well developed, . 
L. platythrix, p. 80. 


a, Smaller, 2 to 3 inches’; tail about equal to the head and 
body ; extra cusp on the anterior molar variable. 


L. buduga, p. 80. 


Leggada platythrix. 
Mus platythrix, Bennett P.Z. S., p. 121 (1832) ; Elliot Madras Fourn, x, 


215. 
Ldeeuds platythrix, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 586 (1837); Blyth 
F. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 350; id. Cat. no. 395, p. 121; Ferdon Mamm., 
. 207. 
Mus spiaalgaus, Blyth $. A. S. B., Xxiii, p. 734 (1854). 
Leggada spinulosa, Blyth ¥.A.S.B., xxxii, p. 349 (1863) ; id. Caf. no. 304, p. 
121; Ferdon Mamm., p. 208. 
Mus (Leggada) platythrix, Thomas P.Z.S., p. 553 (1881). 


Distribution.—This rat seems to have much the same distribution 
as Mus mettada, being confined to Western, Central and Southern 
India. 


a-b. 2 Skins South India Sir W. Elliot, A.S.B. 
e-d, 2 Skins S. Malabar Rev. J. Baker, A.S.B. 
e. Alc.and g Punjab W. Theobald (1854), 

skull ? A.S.B. 
[Type of Mus spinulosus, Blyth.] 
f. Alc., skull Q Khandala, Bm. H. M. Phipson. 
g- Alc. skull 9 Bhandara,C.P., 26-9-70.  W. T. Blanford. 
kh. Alc. é@ Collagelly Hills, Mdr. R. H. Beddome. 
j. Alc. @ Clifton, Karachi, Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 
k. Alc. @ Khandala, Bm. H. M. Phipson. 
Leggada buduga. 


Leggada booduga, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. 586 (1837). 

Mus lepidus, Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 216 (1839). 

Mus terricolor, Blyth F. A.S.B., xx, p. 172 (1851); id. FA. S. B., xxxii, 
Pp. 349; id. Cat. no. 386, p. 119; Ferdon Mamm., p. 206. 

Mus albidiventris, Blyth . A. S. B., xxi, p. 351 (1852). 

Mus fulvidiventris, Blyth F. A. S, B., xxi, p. 351 (1852) ; id. F AS. B., xxxii, 
P- 349; id. Cat. no. 383, p. 119. 

Mus cervicolor, apud Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylun., p. 64 (1852); Blyth 
yf era a p- 349; id. Cat. no. 384, p. 119; Ferdon Mamm. 
p. 200. | pt. ’ 

Leggada lepida, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 350; id. Cad. no. 396, p. 1213 
Ferdon Mamm., p. 209. 

Mus beavani, Peters P.Z.S., p. 559 (1866); Blyth ¥ A. S. B., xliy 
Burma List, p. 40. 

Mus (Leggada) buduga, Thomas P.Z.S., p, 553 (1881). 


CHIROPODOMYS &1 


Distribution —All over India except in the Punjab, Himalayas, 
and Assam, in which latter it is replaced by the closely allied Mus 
cervicolor. 


a-b. 2Skins nr. Calcutta E. Blyth, A.S.B. 
ef. 4 Skins Midnapore jungles E. Blyth, A.S.B. 
g- Skin, skull N. of Chanda, C. P., W. T. Blanford, 


. 1-2-67. 
h Sila ie Sirguja, Chota Nagpur V. Ball, 1871. 
SKull, 
gj. Skin South India Sir. W. Elliot, 1843, A.S.B. 
[Typical of Mus lepidus, Elliot.] 
& Skin South Malabar Rev. J. Baker, A.S.B. 
2, Skin Trincomali E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. 


[Type of Mus fuvidiventris, Blyth.] 


m. Alc., skull g@ Fattehgarh,N.-W.P. A. Anderson. 
n-p. 3-Alc. @ Etawah, N.-W.P. A. Anderson, 
q-r. 2 Alc. @ Banda dist. N.W.P. J. Cockburn. 

s. Alc., skull ¢ Allahabad, N.-W.P. ‘J. Cockburn. 


t-u, 2 Alc. g 9 Bhandara, C. P. W. T. Blanford. 
vw, 2Alc.g juv. Karachi Karachi Mus, [Ex.] 
xz. Alc., skull 9 Poona, Bm, F, Stoliczka. 
y. Alc., skull 9 Shevaroy Hills, Mdr. FF. Stoliczka. 
2. Alc, @ Madras G. Bidie. 
a’, Alc., skull 4 a J. Anderson. 
&.3,2Alc, 4 4, ‘ Madras Mus. [Ex.] 
1 skull 
d3.e2, 2Alc, 9 i Madras Mus, [Ex.] 
1 skull 
2 Alc. juv. 55 Madras Mus. (Ex. ] 
g%-h3, 2 Alc, g Trichinopoly dist. R. H. Beddome. 
2 skulls, 
j-k%, 2 Alc. é@ Hills, 4,000 ft., Ganjam R. H. Beddome. 
dist. 
P.m?, 2 Alc. @ Q Lower forests,Ganjam R.H. Beddome. 
dist. 
n?-o3, 2 Alc. é Calcutta. E, Blyth, A.S.B. 
(with “a”. £,” see above, types of Mus. terricolor, Blyth.] 
p?-g?. 2 Alc. @ Calcutta E. Blyth. 


7 $3, 2 Alc.Q@ juv. Garden Reach, Calcutta Mus. Coll. 
?.w?, 4 Alc.,2 skulls Bodanga, nr. Calcutta Mus. Coll, \ 


e232 


x-y3, 2 Alc. @Q Bally, nr. Calcutta Mus. Coll. 

27.63, 3 Ale. g2juv. ,, A Mus. Coll. 
2? ¢8 Skin, skull. Manbhoom Mus. Coll., 1866. 
. da Alc, éd nr. Calcutta E. Blyth. 

P e§%, Alc. Q Dhappa, Calcutta Mus, Coll, 


Genus CHIROPODOMYS. 


Chiropodomys, Peters Monatsber, Akad. Berlin, p. 448 (1868). Type, C. 
penicillatus, 


G 


82 MAMMALIA, 


Chiropodomys gliroides. 


Mus gliroides, Blyth ¥. A.S. B., xxiv, p. 721 (1855); id. ¥. A. S. B., xxxii, 
P- 345; id. Cat. no. 390, p. 120. 

Mus peguensis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 295 (1859); id. F A. S. B, 
xxxii, p. 345; id. Caé, no. 372, p. 116; id. F. A. S. B., xxxiv, p. 193; id. 
F. A.S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 40. 

Chiropodomys penicillatus, Peters Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, p. 448, pl. i 
(1868); Litken P. Z. S., 1886, p. 418; Doria Ann. Mus.\Genoa, (2), iv, 

. 631. 

Ciirovodomys gliroides, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 78 (1886); id. P. Z. Sy 

1889, p. 235. 


Distribution —Assam, Burma, the Malay peninsula, Java, 
Borneo and the Philippine Islands; it probably also occurs in 
Sumatra and other islands of the East Indies, but has only been 
recorded from the places above mentioned. 

The unique type of Mus gliroides of Blyth has unfortunately 
disappeared from the Museum, so that it is not possible to be 
absolutely sure as to whether Mus peguensis is identical with it or 
not, there seems, however, to be no reasonable doubt on the subject ; 
there is in the Museum a mouse from Cherrapoonjee whence the 
type specimen originally came which entirely agrees with the des- 
cription of Mus gliroides, and this specimen is certainly identical 
with Mus peguensis. 


a. Skin, skull Sitang Valley, Burma Major Berdmore, A. S. B. 
é. Alc., skull @ Cherrapoonjee, 12-7-71 J. H. Bourne. 
ce. Alc., skull 9 Munipur R. D. Oldham, 


a. Alc., skull Q Sitang Valley, Burma Major Berdmore, A, S. B. 
[With “a” the type of Mus peguensis, Blyth.] 


e. Alc. skull @ Sitang Valley? Major Berdmore, A.S.B. 


Genus HAPALOMYS. 


Hapalomys, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 296 (1859). Type, H. longi- 
caudatus 


Hapalomys longicaudatus, 
Hapalomys longicaudatus, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 295 (1859); id. ¥. A. 
S. B. xxxii, p. 353; id. Cat. no. 358, p. 112; id. F. A. S. B,, xliv, 
Burma List, p. 38. 


Distribution.—Is known only from the three specimens men- 
tioned below procured in Tenasserim. 


a. Skin $ Sitang Valley, Burma Major Berdmore, A. S. B. 
6. Alc. skull @ = a Major Berdmore, A. S. B. 


(Types of Hapalomys longicaudatus, Blyth.] 
e. Alc, ¢ Mita, Tavoy, Burma Museum Collector. 


GOLUNDA. 83 


Genus VANDELEURIA. 
Vandeleuria, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 265 (1842) Type, V. oleracea. 


Vandeleuria oleracea. 


Mus oleraceus, Bennett P. Z. S., p. 121 (1832); Elliot Madras Fourn., 
x, p. 214; Blyth F A. S. B., xxviii, p. 295; id. F A. S. B., xxxii, 
Pp. 344; id. Cat. no. 380, p. 120; Ferdon Mamm., p. 202. 

Mus dumecolus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., x, p. 915 (1841). 

Vandeleuria oleracea, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 265 (1842). 

Mus cians: dumeticola, Hodgson Ann, Mag. N. H., xv, p. 268 

1845). 

mc povensis, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, p. 269 (1845). 

Mus nilagiricus, ferdon Mamm., p. 203 (1867). 

Mus badius, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p.295; id. ¥. A. S. B. xxxii, p. 344; 
id. Cat. no. 391, p. 120; id. ¥. A. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 41. 

Mus (Vandeleuria) oleraceus, Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 309 (1878); 
Thomas P. Z, S., 1881, p. 556; id. P. Z. S., 1886, p. 65. 


Distribution.—-The whole of India from the Himalayas to the 
South, extending eastwards through Assam to Burma;-recently it 
was received from Ceylon with a collection of rats and mice sent to 
the Indian Museum for identification. 


a. Skin Naga Hills J. Butler, 1873. 
6. Skin @ Katmandu, Nepal, J. Scully, 
22-11-77. 
ed. 2Alc,1skull Katmandu, Nepal, Mus, Coll. 
ae 10-1-70. 
ef. 2Alc @Q Ling Ling, nr. Kurseong, T. Johnston. 
Bt. Sikkim. 
g. Alc. Q Darjeeling G. King. 
hj. 2 Ale.1 skull Allahabad J. Cockburn, 
g 
k. Alc. e Q Banda dist., N.-W. P. . Cockburn, 
1. Alc. skull g S.E. Berar, 4-8-70 . T. Blanford. 
m. Alc. @ Khandala, Bm. G. W. Vidal. 


n-q. 4Alc.,3 skulls Lodang, Godavery W. T. Blanford. 
42 Qijuv. dist. 2797-71. 
r-t. 3 Alc. Q Cherrapoonjee, Assam, J. H. Bourne. 


12-771, 
u. Alc. skull 9 Manmones Yunnan J. Anderson, 1875. 
Frontier. 
v. Ale. skull Q Burma, 10-72 W. Theobald. 
w-x. 2 Stuffed South India Sir W. Elliot, A. S. B. 
y. 1 Stuffed Assam F. Jenkins, A, S. B. 


Genus GOLUNDA. 
Golunda, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 586 (1837). Type, G, ellioti. 


Golunda ellioti. 


Golunda ellioti, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, ps §86 (1837); id. List 
Mamm. B, M, p. 113; Blyth F. A, S. B., xxxii, p. 350; id, Cat. no. 397, 


G2 


84 MAMMALIA. 


p. 121; ¥erdon Mamm., p. 212; Blanford F. A. S. B., xlv, p. 165, pl. x; 
id. ibid, xlvi, p. 292, pl. i, fig. 10. 

Mus hirsutus, Elliot Madras Fourn, x, p. 213 (1839)- 

Mus coffzeus. Kelaart Fourn. Ceylon As. Soc., v, p. 214 (1850); id. Prodr. 
Faun. Zeylan., p. 67. 

? Golunda newera, Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 67 (1852). 

Pelomys watsoni, Blanford P.A.S.B., p. 181 (1876). 


Distribution.—The western and southern parts of India-and 
Ceylon ; it is recorded from Sind by Blanford. 


a-c. Alc. @ @ juv. Goona, C, Il. A. Barclay. 
d. Alc., skullQ Madras J. Anderson. 
ef. 2Alc. juv. weeuae Madras Museum. 
gj. 3 Alc.Q 2juv. South India Sir W. Elliot, A. S.B. 
& Skin Satpura Hills, C.P. V. Ball. 
2-3-74+ : 
Z. Skin, skull = South India Sir W. Elliot, A.S. B. 
m, Skin Ceylon E. F. Kelaart, A. S. B. 


Genus UROMYS, 


Uromys, Peters Monatsber, Akad. Berlin., p.343 (1867). Type, U. macropus. 
Gymnomys, Gray P. Z. S., p. 597 (1867). Type, U. macropus. 


Uromys macropus. 


Mus macropus, Gray P, Z. S, p. 221 (1866). 

Uromys macropus, Peters Monatsher. Akad. Berlin, p. 344, with plate 
(1867) ; Collett Zool. F. B., ii, p. 840. 

Hapalotis caudimaculata, Kregft P Z.S., p. 316 (1867). 

Gymnomys macropus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 597 (1867). 


Distribution —Noxthern territory and N. Queensland, Australia. 


a-b, 2Alc. $9 Cardwell, Queensland, Brisbane Mus. [Ex.] 
2 skulls. 9-80. ~ 


Genus HAPALOTIS. 
Hapalotis, Lichtenstein Darstel, pl. xxix (1829). Type, H. albipes.- 


Hapalotis apicalis. 


Hapalotis apicalis, Gould P.Z.S., p. 126 (1851); Goul iii 
Tl it; Bhth ae el aes sls (1851) ; Gould Mamm. Austr., iii, 


Distribution.—South Australia. 
a-b. 2 Stuffed South Australia Melbourne Mus., A. S, B. 


Hapalotis conditor. 


Mus conditor, Gould Sturt’s Narr 


app, p. 7* . Expd. Centr. Austr, i, p. 120; ii, 


CRICETUS. 85 


Hapalotis conditor, Gould Mamm, Austr, iii, pl. vi (1863). 
Distribution.—Australia. 


a-b 2Skins Gwaler ranges, No history. 
South Australia, 


Hapalotis mitchelli. 


Dipus mitchellii, Ogi2ay Linn, Trans., xviii, p. 130 (1841). 

Hapalotis mitchellii, Gould P.Z.S., p.151 (1840) ; Gray Abp. Grey's Travels, 
Austr., ii, p. 404*; Gould Mamm. Austr. pl. ix; Blyth Cat. no. 357, 
p- In1, 

Hapalotis gouldii, Gray App. Grey's Travels, Austr., ii, p, 404 (1841)*. 


Distribution. —Australia. 


a, Skin Western Australia No history. 
c-d. Stuffed South Australia Melbourne Mus., 1861, A.S.B, 


Genus HESPEROMYS. 
Hesperomys, Waterhouse Zool. Voy. Beagle, p. 75 (1839)*. 


Hesperomys leucopus. 


Mus sylvaticus, var. Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., i, p. 390 (1775). 

Mus agrarius, var. americanus, Kerr Linn, Anim. Kingd., p. 231 (1792)*. 

Musculus leucopus, Rajfinesque Am. Month, Mag., iii, p. 446 (1818)*. 

Hesperomys leucopus, Leconte P. Acad. N. Sci. Philad., vi, p. 412 (1854); 
Coues Monographs N. Amer. Rodents, p. 51. 


Distribution—North America, from the Arctic regions to the 
northern parts of Mexico. 


a-b. 2 Skins Huron County Ont., J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
. Canada. A é 
c. Skin, skull g Gainsville Flor, U.S.A. Brit, Mus. (Ex.] 
(F.M Chapman, 
14-2-89). 


Genus CRICETUS. 
Cricetus, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., i, p. 160 (1811). 


Cricetus phzeus. 


, Pallas Nov. Spec. Quad. e Glir., p. 261 (1 778). 
ee es, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As, i, p. 163 (1811); Blanford 
Persia, p. 58; id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 44; id. ¥. A. S. B., xlviii, p. 96; 
Danford and Alston P. Z. S., 1880, er piraeee S.y eels 205; 
Linn. Trans. (2), v, p 59; Radde Zool. F. B,, iv, p. 1032. 
cine deabentinnas, Filippi Viaggio Persia, p. 344 (1865); Blanford 
Persia, p. 59; Scully P. Z. S., 1881, p. 205. 


86 MAMMALIA 


Cricetus fulvus, Blanford $. A. S. B., xliv, p. 108 (1875); id. Yarkand 
Mammals, p. 45, pl. ix, fig. 1, pl. xb, fig. 3; id F. A. S. B., xlviii, p. 96; 
Scully P. Z. S., 1881, p. 205. 


Distribution.—Central Asia extending westwardsto the Cas- 
pian and Asia Minor; it has been obtained within the limits of the 
Indian Empire at Gilgit only. 

The three so-called species, Cricetus phzus, C. fulvus, and C. isa- 
bellinus do not differ from one another except in size, and even this 
distinction breaks down when a large series of skins and specimens 
in alcohol are examined; below are given the measurements in 
inches of four specimens, the first ‘‘g” named isabellinus by Scully, 
the second “k ” fulvus of Scully, the third “h” phzeus of Scully; it 
is, however, due to Scully to add that he himself in his paper was 
evidently of opinion that the three forms could not be specifically 
distinguished from one another :— 


“og” ok” ohn” «q” 
Head and body 4°57 4°30 3°55 4°00 
Tail 1°20 1°30 1°20 ‘90 
Hind-foot 65 07 62 ‘60 
Muzzle to ear I'lo 1°05 ‘05 *98 
a-c. 3 Alc., @ Kohrud, North Persia W. T. Blanford. 
1 skull. 
a. Alc., skull 9 is ‘i - W. T. Blanford. 
ef. 2 Alc. @ @ Shiraz W. T. Blanford. 
gj. 3 Alc, 2 Gilgit J. Scully. 
h. Alc. g wane J. Scully. 
lem. 2Ale. juve aaa . . Scully. 
n-q. 4Skins, $32 Kohrud, North Persia, W. T. Blanford. 
I skull, 20-7-72, 7,000 feet, 
rt. 3 oe @ Shiraz, Persia Museum Collector. ‘ 
1 skull. 
au. Skin Mashish, South Persia W. T. Blanford. 
vw. 2Skins,1skull Panjah Wakhan, 4-74 F. Stoliczka. 
x. Skin, skull — Sirikol, 1-4-74 F. Stoliczka. 
y. Skin Kashgar, 17-12-73 F, Stoliczka. 
[Type of Cricetus fulvus, Blanford.] 
s. Skin North of Sanju Pass F. Stoliczka. 
a’, Skin Sirikol, 1-4-74 F. Stoliczka. 
e, Bene 9 Panjah, 21-4-74 ~F, Stoliczka. 
Skull, 
c-d3. 2 Skins Yarkand, 20-5-74 F. Stoliczka. 
2 @. Skin Yangihissar, 4-74 F. Stoliczka. 
f?-j%, 4 Skins 3 Nultar valley, Gilgit, J. Scully. 
7°79: 
#2. 2Skins 9 ‘ ; . - Scully, 
mn, 2 Skins 3 Yatkand 475) 9 } Soully. 
o. Skull Kohrud, North Persia “W. T. Blanford. 


2.» Skeleton ¢ ,, i . W. T. Blanford. 


ARVICOLA. 87 


@. 2 Skulls Yarkand Exped. F. Stoliczka, 
v*, Alc, skull 9 Sarikol, 4-4-74. F. Stoliczka. 
(With “ y” a co-type of C. fulvus, Blanford.] 
su. 2 Ale. 2 Q cawuaie F. Stoliczka. 
u®, Alc.skull 9 Quetta. Sir O. St. John. 
v2, 5 Skins Gilgit, 4-78. J. Biddulph. 


Genus CRICETOMYS. 
Cricetomys, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 2 (1840). Type, C. gambianus. 


Cricetomys gambianus. 


Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 2 (1840); Thomas P. Z.S, 
(1888), p. 10. 


Distribution.—Western and Central Africa. 


@, Skin Q Gadda Monbattu, Brit..Mus. [Ex.] 
C. Africa (Emin Pasha, : 
8-2-84.) 


Genus FIBER. 


Fiber G. Cuvier Tableau Gen. in Legon d’Anat. Comp., 1st ed. (1800)*, 
Type, F. zibethicus. 


Fiber zibethicus. 


Castor zibethicus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 79 (1766). 

Fiber zibethicus, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., rst ed., i, p. 192 (1817); Blyth 
Cat. no. 405, p. 123; Coues Monographs N. Amer. Rodents, p. 254. 

Ondatra zibethicus, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 286 (1827). 


Distribution.—North America. 


a, Skin Huron Co. Ont., Canada. J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 

6. Skull Upton, Maine, U.S.A. W. Theobald. 

e. Skull Massachussetts, U.S.A. W. Theobald. 

d. Stuffed N. America E. Rippell (1855), A.S.B. 


Genus ARVICOLA. 


Microtus, Schrank Faun. Boic., i, p. 66 (1789)*. 

Arvicola, Lacépéde Tableau, p. 10 (1803)*. 

Lemnus, Tiedemann Zool., i, p. 473 (1808). 

Hypudeus, Jiliger Prodr., p. 87 (1811). 

Myodes, Pallas, Zoog. Ross. As., i, p.172 (1831). 

Brachyurus, Fischer Zoognosie, 3rd ed, viii, p. 55 (1814)*. 

Phaiomys, Blyth F. A.S. B., xxxii, p. 89 (1863). Type, A. blythii. 

Neodon, Hodgson Ann, Mag. N. H, (2), iii, p. 203 (1849). Type, A. 
sikimensis, 


88 MAMMALIA. 


The oldest name for this genus is undoubtedly Microtus, a name 
which has recently been re-discovered by Lataste who has paid 
considerable attention to this group of Mammals; this same author 
has recently proposed a new set of subgenera for the Palzartic 
species which do not seem to differ very essentially from those 
proposed by Blasius, and since Lataste has not taken the Himalayan 
forms into consideration and Blanford’s excellent paper on the 
Himalayan forms was founded on Blasius’ scheme, this latter has 
been adopted in the catalogue of the specimens enumerated below, 

The Himalayan voles are scarce in collections owing doubt- 
less to the fact that they only occur in very remote and inaccess- 
able places and at great heights above the sea, and it seems pro- 
bable that the number of species may be reduced when a larger 
number of specimens are obtained. 

The following synopsis of the Indian species is adopted from 
Blanford’s paper before quoted. 


Key of the Indian Species, 


a, The anterior upper molar has three angles in, and outside, the 
2nd two inside and three out. The ant. lower m. has 
normally seven spaces. 


6. The post. upper m. terminates in a narrow longitudinal pro- 
cess. [=Sub-genus Alticola]. 


c. The post. upper m. has two strong internal angles and four 
weak outer angles ; thumb rudimentary and clawless. 


d. The post. lobe of the post. upper m., behind the second 
inner angle, is less than half the length of the tooth. 
A. stoliczkanus, p. 89. 


d*, The post. lobe of the post. upper m., behind the second 
inner angle, is half the length of the tooth. 
A. stracheyi, p. 90. 


c*, The post. upper m. has two internal and two external 
angles, the thumb is clawed and the ears are short, 
A. wynnei, p, go. 


5, The post. upper m. has three angles on either side ; the 
thumb is clawed. 


e. Inthe ant. upper m. the first inner angle is proximal 
to the first outer ; ears short. 
A. roylei, p. 91. 
e*, In the ant. upper m. the first inner angle is distal 
to the first outer ; ears large and projecting; tail 
half the length of head and body. 
A. blanfordi, p. gr. 


ARVICOLA. 89 


6°, The post. upper m. does not terminate behind ina longi- 
tudinal process, but is somewhat transversely elongated ; 
thumb clawed and ears small. [=Sub-genus Paludicola]. 


J. The post. upper m. has three external angles and 
the first lower m. four. A. blythi, p. gt. 


@, The ant. upper m. has four angles inside and three out, the 
2nd three inside and out; the ant. lower m. with normally 
nine spaces; thumb clawed ; ears projecting. 

{=Sub-genus Neodon]. A, sikimensis, p. 93. 


Sub-genus MYODES. 


Arvicola glareolus. 


Mus glareolus, Schreber Sdugeth., Atlas, pl. cxcb (1792). 

Mus rutilus, var. Pallas Nov. Spec. Quad. e Glir., p. 246 (1774). 

Arvicola fulvus, Millet Kaune de Maine et Loire (1828)*. 

Arvicola riparia, Yarrell, P. Z. S., p. 109 (1832). 

Lemnus rubidus, Baillon Mem. Soc. Abbeville (1830)*. 

Hypudacus hercynicus, Mehlis Isis, p. 874, pl. vii, fig. 8 (1831). 

eer, rufescens, Selys-Longchamps Campagnols de Liége, p. 13, pl. iv 

1836) 

Hypudius nageri, Schinz Synops, Mamm.,, ii, p. 237 (1845) 

Arvicola glareolus, Blasius Sdugeth. Deutschl., p. 337 (1857); Blyth Cat. 
no. 408, p. 124. 

Arvicola bicolor, Fatio Rev. Mag. Zool, (2), xiv, p. 257, pl. xii (1862). 


Distribution.— Central Europe from England to Russia. 


a-c, 3 Skins, 1 skull France. A. Malherbe (1842), A.S.B 
da. Alc.and skull g Norway. Christiania Univ.(1846),A.S.B. 
e-h. 4 Skins and England. Sir W. Jardine, A.S.B. 
skulls. 


Sub-genus ALTICOLA, 


Arvicola stoliczkanus. 


Arvicola stoliczkanus, Blanford $. A. S. B., xliv, p. 107 (1875) ; id. Yarkand 
Mamm., p. 42, pl. viii, fig. 1, pl. xb, fig, 2; id. ¥. A. S. B., 1, p. 97. 


Distribution.—Only known from the two specimens mentioned 
below from the Kuenlun mountains in Northern Ladak. 


a. Skin, skull Aktagh, Yarkand R., F. Stoliczka. 
: 13-10-73. 
6. Skin. Nubra Valley Dr. Bellew. 


[Co-types of A. stoliczkanus, Blanford.] 


go MAMMALIA. 


Arvicola stracheyi. 


Arvicola stracheyi, Thomas Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viy p. 332 (1880); 

Blanford F. A. S. B.,1, p. 98, pl. i, fig. c. 

Disirtbution.—The type specimen was procured by General 
Strachey in the Kumaon, and the specimen catalogued below was 
procured in the Kangra district in the Punjab Himalayas; no 
other specimen has been recorded. 

The only specimen in the collection, which was obtained from 
the stomach of a snake (Halys himalayanus) is a young one as 
is proved by the teeth; it agrees best with the description given 
of A. stracheyi but differs even from this in certain particulars ; the 
ventral surface is brown like the dorsal surface, whereas in A. 
stracheyi the ventral surface is said to be gray; the ears are but 
sparsely covered with hair except at their tips where the hair 
certainly is thicker; the tail is also the same colour as the body; 
with these exceptions the specimen is in entire harmony with the 
description of A. stracheyi given by Blanford (2. c.) ; there does not 
therefore seem to be any justification for describing a new species. 

The following are the measurements :—head and body, 3°2; tail, 
“77; tarsus, °55. 

There are only five tarsal pads as is A. wynnei, one at the base 
of each toe and one proximal one on the inner side, at the edge 
of the hairs which cover the posterior portion of the tarsus. 


a. Alc. skull. ¢ Dharmsala, Himalayas, H. Mostyn Clark. 
16,000 ft. 


Arvicola wynnei. 


Arvicola wynnei, Blanford F. A. S.B., xlix, p. 244 (1880); id. ¥. A, S. B., 1, 


p. 99, pl. 1, fig. b. 7 : 
Arvicola roylei, apud Blyth $.A.S. B., xxxii, p. 89 (1863); id. Cat, no. 410, 


p- 125. 

Distribution—Only known with certainty from Murree in the 
North-West Himalayas, and from Sonemarg in Kashmir. 

The specimen below is said in Blyth’s Catalogue to have come 
from Pind Dadun Khan in the Punjab; a reference, however, to 
J. A.S. B., xxxii, p, 89, shows that the specimen came from the 
“Bala” Pass, probably the same as the Babeh Pass in Spiti; 
this specimen was identified by Blyth with A. roylei of Gray; the 
skull on examination, however, shows that it is certainly not A. 
roylei, but one of:those forms in which the posterior upper molar 
possesses two, not three, internal angles, and as the thumb is 
distinctly clawed, it must be identified rather with A. wynnei than 
with A, stracheyi or A. stoliczkana which are the other two forms in 
which the posterior upper molar has two internal angles. 


«, Skin, skull “Bala Pass” W. Theobald (1853), A.S.B. 


ARVICOLA., gi 


®. Alc., skull 9 vaneee No history. 
e. Skin, skull nr, Sonemarg, Kashmir F, Stoliczka. 


Arvicola roylei. 


Arvicola roylei, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 265 (1842); ¥erdon Mamm, 
p. 216?; Blanford ¥. A. S. B., 1, p. 102, pl. i, fig. d. 


Distribution.—The type and only other specimen known were 
both obtained in Kashmir. 

The specimen catalogued below agrees fairly well with the 
description of A. roylei as given by Blanford (d.¢.), unfortunately 
the hinder part of the skull is wanting and with itthe posterior upper 
molar which is so important for the discrimination of the species 


of this genus; it is not therefore absolutely certain that the speci- 
men should be referred to this species. 


a, Skin, skull Chamba, Kashmir J. Anderson. 


Arvicola blanfordi. 


Arvicola blanfordi, Scully Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), vi, p- 399 (1880); id. 
P. Z.S., 1881, p. 206; Blanford ¥. A.S. B., 1, p. 104, pl. i, fig. e. 


Distribution.—This species has only been found in the Gilgit 
district at an elevation of from 9,000 to 10,000 feet. 


a-6,2Alc, 2 Gilgit, 7-79. J. Scully, 
2 skulls. 


[Co-types of A. blanfordi, Scully.] 


e-d,2Skins  g Nultar Valley, Gilgit, J. Scully. 


18-7-79. 
e. Skin skull Py 5 . J. Scully. 


Sub-genus PALUDICOLA. 


Arvicola blythi. 


Phaiomys leucurus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 89 (1863); Theobald 
FAS. B., xxxi, p. 519; Blyth Cat, no, 412, p. 125. [nec Gerbe.] 

Arvicola blythi, Blanford, F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 107 (1875); id. Yarkand 
Mammals, p. 39, pl. viii, fig. 2, pl. xb, fig. 1; id. F. A. S.B.,1, p. 100, 
pl. ii, fig. b. 


Distribution. —Western Thibet. 


a. Alc. skull. g Tsomoriri, Western W. Theobald, A.S.B. 
Ladak, 14,000 ft. 17-8-61. 


[Type of Phaiomys leucurus, Blyth.] 


92 MAMMALIA. 


b. Alc., skull g Tanksee, Thibet, F, Stoliczka. 
13,000, ft. 17-9-73- 

c. Ale, g Pankong Lake, Thibet, F. Stoliczka. 
: 20-9-73- : 

d-e. 2 Skins, Tanksee, 17-9-73 LF. Stoliczka. 

Jf» Skin. Pankong Lake, Thibet, F. Stoliczka. ‘ 

; 20-9-73. ; 

g. Skin, skull, Yarkand Exped. F. Stoliczka. 


Arvicola amphibius. 


Mus amphibius, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 82 (1766). 

Mus terrestris, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 82 (1766). 

Lemnus schermaus, F. Cuvier. Dict. Sci. Nat., vi, p. 307 (1817). 

Arvicola argentoratensis, Desmarest Mamm., p. 281 (1820). 

Arvicola pertinax, Savi. Mem. scientif. Pisa (1828)*. 

Arvicola ater, Macgillivray Mem. Wern. Soc., vi, p. 424 (1832). 

Arvicola monticola, Selys-Longchamps Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv., p- 249 (1838). 

Arvicola musignani, Selys-Longchamps Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv., p. 8 (1839). 

Arvicola destructor, Savi Giorn. Lett. Pisa, p. 102 (1839)*. 

Arvicola amphibius, Blasius Saugeth. Deutsch, p. 344 (1857); Blyth Cat. 
no. 406, p. 124. 


The Water Rat. 
Distribution.—The whole Palzartic region. 


@: Skim —_—_|§—__. careens R. C. Tytler, A.S.B. 

bec. 2 Skins and Cambridgeshire Brit. Mus. [Ex.] 
skulls. 

d. Alc.,skull 9 Norway Christiania Univ. (1856), A.S.B. 
e-f. 2 Stuffed England A. D. Bartlett (1842), A.S.B. 

g. Stuffed savand Montrose Museum, A.S.B. 

h. Skeleton England J. H. Gurney (1860), A.S.B. 

mted. 


Arvicola nivalis. 


Arvicola nivalis, Martins Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv, p. 331 (1842); Blasius 
Saugeth. Deutsch., p. 359; Blyth Cat., no. 407, p. 124. 

Hypudaeus alpinus, Wagner Schreber Sdugeth., Suppl., iii, p. 576 (1843). 

Arvicola lebrunii, Crespon, Faune Merid., i, p. 77 (1844)*. 

Arvicola leucurus, Gerbe Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 260, pl. xi (1852)*. 

Hypudaeus petrophilus, Wagner, Miinch Gel. Anz., p. 307 (1853). 
Distribution.—The Alpine regions of Europe, including the 

Pyranees. 


a, Skin Mt. St. Gothard A. Malherbe, A.S.B. 


Sub-genus AGRICOLA, 


Arvicola agrestis. 


Mus agrestis, Linneus Faun. Suec., p. 11, no. 30 (1761). 
Mus gregarius, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 84 (1766). , 


HYPUDAEUS. — 93 


Lemnus insularis, Nilsson Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Oefvers., p. 34 (1844)*. 
Arvicola baillonii, Selys-Longchamps Act. Congrés Turin (1840)*. 

Arvicola neglecta, ¥enyns. Ann. Mag. N. H., vii, p. 270 (1841). 

Arvicola brittanicus, Selys-Longchamps Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv., p. 307 (1847). 
Arvicola arvalis, apud Blyth Cat., no. 409, p. 125 (1863). 


Distribution —Northern Europe. 


a. Skin, skull England A. D. Bartlett (1843), A.S.B. 
&. Alc. London A. D, Bartlett. 
c. Skin, skull England A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. 


Sub-genus ARVICOLA. 


Arvicola guentheri, 


Arvicola guentheri, Danford and Alston P. 2. S., p. 62, pl. v (1880) ; 
Scully F. A. S. B., li, p. 72. 

? Arvicola leucura, Severtzoff Turkest. Fevot., p. 82 (1873); id. Ann. Mag. 
N. H. (4) xviii, p. 52 [nec Gerbe.] 2 


Distribution.—The type was obtained at Marash in the Taurus 
of Asia Minor; the specimen in the collection is from Afghan- 
Turkistan, the species is therefore probably to be found in the 
intervening country. 


w. Skin, skull Afghan-Turkestan C. E. Yate. 


Sub-genus NEODON. 


Arvicola sikimensis. 

Neodon sikimensis, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), iii, p. 203 (1849) ; 
id. Cat. E. I. Mus, p. 145; Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 11; 
Blyth Cat. no. 411, p. 125; Ferdon Mamm., p. 217. 

Arvicola? thricolis (thricotis), Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 10. 

Arvicola sikimensis, Blanford ¥. A. S. B., 1, p. 110, pl. i, fig. a (1881), 

Distribution.—Sikkim from 7,000 to 10,coo ft. in the forests. 


a. Alc., skullg Darjeeling G. King. 


Genus HYPUDAEUS. 
Hypudaeus, Mliger Prodr., p. 87 (1811). 


Hypudaeus lemnus. 


Mus lemnus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 80 (1766). 
Hypudaeus lemnus, Mliger Prodr., p. 87 (1811); Blyth Cat. no. 413, 


p- 126. 
Lemnus norvegicus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 287 (1820). 


The Lemming. 


94 MAMMALIA 


Distribution.—Scandinavia. 
a-b, 2 Stuffed § Norway Christiania University, A.S.B. 


Genus ELLOBIUS. 


Ellobius, Fischer Zoognosia, iii, p 72 (1814)*. Type, E. talpinus. 
Myospalax, Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 141 (1846). Type, E. fuscocapillus, 


Ellobius fuscocapillus. 


Georychus fuscocapillus, Blyth, F. A. S. B., x, p. 928 (1841) 5 id. F. A. S. 
B., xi, p. 887. 

Myospalax fuscocapillus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 141 (1846) ; id. Cat. 
no. 414, p. 126. 

Ellobius fuscocapillus, Blanford F. A. S. B., 1, p.119, pl. ii, fig. d (1881) ; 
Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, p. 59. : 

Ellobius intermedius, Scully, ¥. A. S. B,, lvi, p. 73 (1887). 


The Quetta Mole. 

Disiribution.—Afghanistan, has been obtained from various 
places in Afghan-Turkistan and from Quetta. 

Thomas, after examining the Afghan boundary specimens of 
Ellobius, has come to the conclusion that the characters whereby 
it was distinguished as a separate species by Scully do not hold 
good when a considerable number of specimens are examined ; 
E, intermedius has therefore been merged with E. fuscocapilius, 

Besides the original type of the genus, E,. talpinus, a second 
Central Asiatic species has recently been described, Ellobius tancrei 
from the Altai by Blasius (Zool. Anz., vii, p. 197). 


a-d. 4 Skins, Quetta T. Hutton (1846), A.S.B. 
1 skull, 


e. Skin, skull @ KillajWali, Herat, 5-86 C. E. Yate. 
[Type of Ellobius intermedius, Scully.] 


Ff. Skin, skull g Killa Wali, Herat, 5-86 C. E. Yate. 
g. Skin ¢ Bokum, Herat, 5-86 C. E. Yate. 
h. Alce @ Galran, Herat J. E. T. Aichison, 


Genus SPALAX. 
Spalax, Guldenstadt Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop,, xiv, pt. i, p. 409 (1770). 


Spalax typhlus. 


Mus typhlus, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 154 (1778). 

Spalax microphthalmos, Guldenstadt Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop., xiv, pt. i 
P- 411 (1770). 

Spalax pallasii, Nordmann Bull, Acad., St. Peters. v, p. 200 (1835).* 


RHIZOMYS. 95 


Spalax xanthodon, Nordmann in Demidoff Voyage dans la Russie.* 
Spalax typhlus, Blasius Séugeth. Deutsch., p. 400 (1857) ; Blyth Cat, no. 
415, p. 126 ; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1044. 


_ Distribution —South-Eastern Europe and Western Asia, extend- 
Ing to the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea, and to Mesopota- 
mia and Syria. 


a-b, 2 Alc. 1 skull g Hungary Hungarian Mus., A.S.B. 
and juv., 
e. Skin Sarepta, Russia Brit Mus, [Ex.] 
ad. Stuffed Beyrout J.C. Parker (1855), A.S.B. 


Genus RHIZOMYS. 


Rhizomys, Gray P.Z.S., p. 95 (1831) ; Type, R. sinensis. 
Nyctocletes, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 42 (1835-41); Type, R. 
sumatrensis, 


Anderson has monographed ‘this genus in his Anatomical 
and Zoological Researches, and his account, which is illustrated by 
plates of several of the speciés, is so complete that there is 
nothing additional to be added ; representatives of all the species 
except Rhizomys minor from Siam and Rhizomys sinensis from 
China, will be found catalogued below. 


Key of the Indian Spectes. 
a. Somewhat larger, head and body from g to 12 inches in length. 


é. Fur soft, thick and brown with longer white-banded hairs 
causing a grizzled appearance ; sides of the face pale, 
R. pruinosus, p. 96, 


62 Fur havéh, no under fur, with a dark median streak on the 
top of the head; cheeks and sides of the head bright red, 
R. erythrogenys, p. 96. 


a? Somewhat smaller, head and body about 7 inches in length, 
fur very soft and thick, the basal two-thirds uniformly gray 
the apical third bright chestnut, most intense on the head, 

R. badius, p. 97. 


Rhizomys sumatrensis. 


Mus sumatrensis, Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 258 (1822). 

Rhizomys sumatrensis, Gray P. Z.S., p. 95 (183 1); Cantor F. A.S.B., 
xv, p. 255; Blyth Cat. no. 400, p. 122; id. ¥. A. S.B, xliv, Burma 
List, p. 41; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 322. 

Spalax javanus, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., and ed., i, p. 211 (1829). i 

Nyctocleptes dekan, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., ii, P. 44 pl. xxxili 
(1835-41); Gervais Voyage Bonite Zool., i, p. 54, pls. x, xi, figs. 1-3*. 

Rhizomys cinereus, M’Clelland, Calc. Fourn, N, H,, ii, p. 456 (1842). 


96 MAMMALIA 


Rhizomys dekan, Schina Synops. Mamm., ii, p. 123, (1845) [pt.]; Fentink 
Notes Leyd..Mus., Xi, p. 28. 
Distribution.—The Malay peninsula and Sumatra (Jentink) ; 
there is no record of its occurrance in Tenasserim ; the species 
occurring there being R. erythrogenys. 


a. Skin & Malacca India Mus., London 
6. Skin Alma Tapioca Estate, W. Davison. 
Wellesley Prov, 
c, Skin t eevieks W. Rutledge. 
skeleton. i 
d-e. 2 Stuffed, Malacca Messrs. Frith and Lindstedt, 
1 skull. A.S.B. 
f-g. 2 Stuffed i Messrs. Frith and Lindstedt, 
A.S.B. 
h-j. 2 Alc. O:. ., Bieas Zoological Gardens. 
& Skin juv. Malacca (Cantor) India Mus., London, 


Rhizomys erythrogenys. 


Rhizomys erythrogenys, Anderson P. A. S«B., p. 148 (1877); id. Anat. Zool. 
Res., p. 324, pl. xilia; id. F. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 341. 


Red-cheeked Bamboo Rat; Pwai of Tenasserim. 

Distribution.—Shan States of Upper Burma and Mergui. 

This species resembles R. sumatrensis, from which it is distin- 
guished by its red cheeks, the dark occipital line extending forwards 
to between the eyes, and the absence of any trace of the white mark 
characteristic of the young and adolescent R. sumatrensis ; the 
skull is intermediate in character between R. sumatrensis and R. 


badius. 


a. Skin in bad 
condition ? Salween Hill Tracts Zoological Gardens. 
and aN (A. H. Hildebrand) 
ton. 

b. Stuffed Tenasserim S. R. Tickell, A.S B. 


[Co-types of R. erythrogenys, Anderson.J 


c-d. 2 Skins, g#juv. Mergui, 1-82 J. Anderson. 
2 skele- 9 juv. 


tons. 
e. Alc., skull juv. Mergui J. Anderson. 


Rhizomys pruinosus. 
Rhizomys pruinosus, Blyth ¥. A, S. B., xx, p. 519 (1851); id. Cat. no. 401, 
p.122; id. J. A. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 41; Anderson Anat. Zool. 
Res., p. 325, pls. xiii, xvi. 


Bamboo Rat. 
Distribution.—This species is found in the Kashia and Naga 
hills of Assam, whence it extends through the Munipur hills to the 


RHIZOMYS. 97. 


Kakhyen hills in Upper Burma where it was procured. by 
Anderson, 


a-c. 3 Skins Kashia hills, Assam T. laTouche. 

@. Skin Q Naga hills A. W. Chennell. 

e. Skin Tellizo Peak, Nagahills H. H. Godwin Austen. 

J. Skin, skele- or 3 H, H. Godwin Austen, 
ton. : 

g. Skin, skele- Iril R.} Munipur H. H. Godwin Austen. 
ton ¢ juv. ‘ ’ 

h, Skin, skele- Pouline, Kakhyen hills, J. Anderson. 
ton é 17-2-75 

j. Skin, skele- Pouline, Kakhyen hills, J. Anderson. 


ton Q 17-275 
&. Skin, skele- nr. Tsitkaw, Kakhyen J. Anderson. 
ton mted. 9 hills, 2-75 > 
i-n. 3 Stuffed Cherrapoonjee, Assam _ F. Skipwith, A. S. B. 


[Types of Rhizomys pruinosus, Blyth.] 


o-p. 2 Alc. @ Ponsee, Kakhyen hills J. Anderson. 
q-t. 4 Alc. Qg J. Anderson. 


uy. 5 Alc. juv. Kakhyen hills” J. Anderson, 
sg. Viscera in alc. 34 ee J Anderson, 
a*, Skull —juv. ji ‘5 J. Anderson, 


Rhizomys badius. 


Rhizomys badius, Hodgson Calc. fourn, N. H., ii, p. 60 (1842) ; Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 24; Blyth F. A. S. B., xii, p. 925; Horsfield Cat. 
£. 1. Mus. p. 165; Blyth Cat. no. 402, p. 122; Ferdon Mamm., p. 214; 
Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 329, pls. xiv, xvi; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, 


Pp. 65, 7}. ¥2 s 
Rhizomys castaneus, Blyth F. A. S.B., xii, p. 1007 (1843); id. Caé#. no 403, 


p.- 123; Blanford F. A. S. B., xxxvi, p. 198; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xliv, 
Burma List, p. 41; Blanford F. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 165. 


Distribution —This species has a somewhat wider range than 
the last. It is found in the Himalayas from Nepal eastwards and 
extends through Assam, Munipur, Arakan, and Burma, but does 
not seem to be found further south than the northern part of 
Tenasserim. 


a. Skin Nepal (Hodgson) India Museum, London. 
b-c. 2 Skins Naga hills J. Butler. 
ad. Skin é ” A. W. Chennell. 
ef. 2Skins Q Tsitkaw, Kakhyen hills J. Anderson. 
g. Skin 1 es J. Anderson. . 
A. Skin, gd Chenga, Darjeeling P Zoological Gardens. 
skeleton. 
j-k. 2 Stuffed, Sikkim Terai W. T. Blanford, A. S.B. 
1 skull. 
l-m. 2 Stuffed, Arakan Sir A. Phayre (1843), A.S. B. 


skelet. mtd. 
[Types of Rhizomys castaneus, Blyth.] 


n. Stuffed Prome, Pegu W. T. Blanford, A. S. B. 
H 


98 MAMMALIA 


o. Skeleton mted nr. Bhamo J. Anderson. 
. Skeleton : A Zoological Gardens. 

g-r.2Alc. g 2 Sikkim G. King. 

s, Alc. & ULingling, Bt. Sikkim T. Johnston. 

t. Alc. @ Cherrapoonjee, Assam H.H. Godwin Austen. 

u. Ale., skull @ Cachar J- Wood Mason. 

o Ale. 9 Munipur Col. Johnston. 

w. Ale, $ Kakhyen hills J? Anderson. 

«. Ale. @ Shwegyin, Tenasserim Major Berdmore, A. S. B. 


Genus BATHYERGUS. 
Bathyergus, Illiger Prodr., p. 86 (1811). Type, B. maritimus, 


Bathyergus maritimus, 


Mus maritimus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 140 (1788). 
Mus Suillus Schreber Saugeth., iv, p. 715, pl. ccivb. (1792). 


) 
Bathyergus maritimus, J/liger Prodr., p. 86 (1811); Blyth Cat, no. 416, 
p. 126. 


Distribution.— South Africa. 
a-c, 3 Stuffed aaa W. S, Sherwill, A.S.B. 


Bathyergus splendens. 


Bathyergus splendens, Rippell N. Wirbelth., p. 36, pl. xii (1835); Blanford 
Abyssinia, p. 279. 


Distribution.—North-East Africa (Abyssinia). 
a-b. 2 Skins ¢Q Lake Ashangi, Abyssi- W. T. Blanford. 
nia, 
c. Skeleton Lake Ashangi, Abyssi- W.T. Blanford. 


nia 


Genus GEORYCHUS. 
Georychus, Itliger Prodr., p. 87 (1811). Type, G. capensis. 


: Georychus ceecutiens. 


Bathyergus cecutiens, Brants Muizen, p. 37 (1827). 
Bathyergus hottentottus, Lesson et Garnot Bull. Sci. Nat., viii, p. 96 (1826). 
Georychus czcutiens, Schinz Synops. Mamm., ii, p. 127 (1845) ; Blyth Cat. 


no, 418, p. 127 
Distribution.—South Africa. 


a-c, 3 Stuffed waclia W. S. Sherwill and E, L, 
Layard, A. S. B. 


ZAPUS. 99 


Georychus capensis, 


Mus capensis, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 172 (1778). 
Georychus capensis, Iltiger Prodr., p. 87 (1811); Blyth Cat. no. 417, 
p. 127. 


Distribution,x—South Africa. 
a, Skin ‘sivas E. L. Layard (1860), A. S, B. 


Genus GEOMYS. 


Geomys, Rajfinesque, Am. Month, Mag., ii, p. 45 (1817)*. ' 

Diplostoma, Rajinesque, Am, Month. Mag., ii, p. 45 (1817)*. 

Saccophorus, Kuhl Beitr. Zool., p. 65 (1820). Type, G bursarius, 

Pseudostoma, Say Long's Exped. Rock. Mts ,i, p. 406 (1823)*. 

Batons, Lichtenstein Abhana. Akad. Berlin, 1822-3, p. 20(1825). Type, G. 
ursarius, 


Geomys bursarius. 


Mus bursarius, Shaw Linn. Trans., v, p. 227, pl. viit (1800). 

Geomys cinereus, Rajfinesgue Am. Month. Mag., ii, p. 45 (1817)*. 

Saccophorus bursarius, KuAl. Beitr. Zool., p “65 (1820). 

Pseudostoma bursarius, Say Long's Exped. Rock. Mts., i, p. 406 (1823)*. 

nseerys canadensis, Lichtenstcin Abhand. Akad. Berlin, 1822-3, p. 13 
(1825). . 

Geomys bursarius, Richardson Ann. Rep. B. Assoc., vi, p. 150 (1837) $ 
Coues Monographs N Amer. Rodents., p. 612. 

Geomys drummondii, Richardson Ann. Rep. B. Assoc., vi, p. 157 (1837)- 

Geomys oregonensis, Leconte P. Acad. N. Sci. Philad., vi, p. 160 (1854). 

Geomys breviceps, Baird P. Acad. N. Sci. Philad., vii, p. 335 (1856). 


The Pocket Gopher. 
Distribution,—Central States of North America, the valley of 
the Mississippi in a board sense. 


a-b, 2Skins ¢9 Texas, 2-84 J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 


Genus ZAPUS. 


Zapus, Coues Bull, U. S. Geol. Surv, Terr, (2), no. 5, P. 253 (1876) Type, 
Z. hudsonius. 


Zapus hudsonius. 


‘ Dipus hudsonius, Zimmermann Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p. 358 (1780). 

Dipus canadensis, Davies Linn. Trans., iy, pl. viii, figs. 5-6, p. 157 (1798). 

Dipus americanus, Barton Trans, Amer. Philos. Soc., iv, p. 115 (1799). 

Dipus labradorius, Turton, Syst. Nat., i, p, 99 (1806)*. 

Meriones microcephalus, Harlan P. Z. S., p. 1 (1839). 

Meriones accadians, Dawson Edin. Philos. Fourn., iii, p. 2, pl. i (1856). 

Zapus hudsonius, Cowes Bull, U.S. Geol. Surv. err. (2), no. §; Pp. 254 
(1876) ; id, Monographs N. Amer, Rodents., p. 467. 


H 2 


100 MAMMALIA. 


Distribution.—North America generally from lat. 62° south- 
wards. 


\ 


a. Alc. Pelee Ont., Canada J. H. Garnier (Ex.] 


Genus DIPUS. 
Dipus Schreber, Saéugeth., iv, p. 840 (1792). 


Dipus lagopus. 


Dipus lagopus, Lichtenstein, Eversmann Reise nach Buchara, p. 121 
(1823); Brandt Bull. Azad. St. Petersb., ii, p. 218*; Blanford Yarkand 
Mamm., p. 58; Severtzog Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 56, 


Distribution.—Western and Eastern Turkistan. 


a. Skin, skull Yarkand, 20-5-74 F, Stoliczka. 
6. Skin Yangihissar, 4-74 F. Stoliczka, 
ec, Skin Koshtak, 2-4-73 F. Stoliczka. 
d. Skin, skull @ Yarkand, 28-7-75 J. Scully. 
e-f. 2 Skins, 1 skull Kilian, Turkestan C, Ellis. 
g. Alc. 4 Turkestan C. Ellis, 


Dipus blanfordi. 


Dipus macrotarsus, apud Blanford, Persia, p. 74 (1876). 
Dipus blanfordi, Murray Ann. Mag. N.'H. (5), xiv, p. 98 (1884). 


Distribution.—Persia generally. 

The specimen below was identified with considerable doubt by 
Blanford with Dipus macrotarsus of Wagner; since that time 
several more specimens exhibiting the peculiar colouration of 
Blanford’s specimen have been procured for the Karachi Museum, 
and Murray has given the species a new name; whether it -will 
really turn outto be distinct from the true D. microtarsus which 
was got from Sinai, can only be settled by a comparison of the 


specimen below with Wagner’s type now probably in the Berlin 
Museum, 


a. Alc., skull Kam nr. Teheran W. T. Blanford. 


Dipus jaculus. 


Mus jaculus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 85 (1766). 

Dipus gerboa, Olivier Bull. Soc. Philom.; ii, p. 121 (1800)*. 

Dipus bipes, Lichtenstein Verzeich, Doublett. Mus. Berlin, p. § (1823)*. 

Dipus zgyptius, Lichtenstein Darstell., pl, xxii (1827); Cp anat Mem. 
Acad, St. Petersb., ii. p. 217*; Lataste Ann. Mus, Genoa, xviii, p. 672. 

Dipus mauritanicus, ‘Duvernoy Mem. Soc, Strasburg, iii, pt. 2, p. 30, pls. iii, 
iv (1842); Blyth Cals, no. 351, p. 110. 


Distribution—From North Arabia westwards through Lower, 
Egypt as far as the province of Oran in Algeria. 


PECTINATOR. Io! 


The specific name egyptius was first used by Hasselquist, a 
pre-Linnzan writer and is therefore incorrect; as is pointed ‘out 
by Thomas (Ann. Mag. N. H. (s), viii, p. 14), the proper name for 
this species is Dipus jaculus of Linnzeus. 


a-d, 4 Alc., t skull nr. Alexandria, Egypt Purchased. 


2829 
e. Alc. skull g Heluan, Egypt Purchased. 
J. Stuffed, skull Algeria -A. Malherbe, A.S.B. 


Genus ALACTAGA. 


Alactaga, F. Cuvier Trans. Zool. Soc., ii, p. 131 (1841). Type, A. arundinis, 
Scirtetes, Wagner Archiv f. Natur., vii, pt. 1, p. 119 (1841). 


Alactaga decumana. 


Mus jaculus, apud Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad, e Glir., p. 275, pl. xx., (1778). 

Dipus jaculus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 157 (1788) [pt]; Brandt Bull, Acad. 
St., Peters., ii, p. 220*. 

Dipus spiculum, Lichtenstein Abhand. Akad. Berlin. 1825, p. 154, pl. vii 
(1828). 

Dipus ducumana, Lichtenstein Abhand. Akad. Berlin, 1825, p. 154, pl. vi 
(1828); Blanford Persia, p 78. 

Dipus vexillarius, Eversmann Bull, Nat, Mosc., p. 42 (1840). 


Distribution.—Central Asia extending southwards to Bushire. 
a. Skin, skull, nr. Bushire Sir O. St. John. 


Alactaga indica. 


Alactaga indica, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 262 (1842); Hutton $. A. S. 
’ B., xv, p.137; Horsfield Cat. E. J. Mus., p. 149; Blanford Persia, p, 
977; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 538; Thomas Linn, Trans, (2) v, 
. 60, 
Alectags bactriana, Blyth Cat. no. 352, p. 110 (1863). 


Distribution.—Afghanistan from the Simkoh hills southwards to 
Baluchistan and eastwards to Shiraz. 


a. Alc., skull Katru, nr, Shiraz W. T. Blanford. 
&. Skin Afghanistan (Griffith) India Mus , London. 
c. Stuffed Afghanistan * Old Collection, A. S. B. 


Genus PECTINATOR. 
Pectinator, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 294, (1855). Zype, P. spekii. 


Pectinator spekii. 


Pectinator spekii, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 204 (1895); Heuglin Nova 
Acta Acad. Leop. Caro. (3), viii, 1861, p. 1, pl. ii; Blyth Cat, no. 427, p. 
130; Blanford Abyssinia, p. 281. 


102 MAMMALIA. 


Distribution.—North-east Africa, the Somali country and Abys- 
sinia, 


a. Skin Somali country J. H. Speke, A. S. B. 
[Type of Pectinator spekii, Blyth.] 
6. Skin Senafe Pass, Abys- W. T. Blanford, 
sinia, 2-68. 
e-d. 2 Skins Undul weles, Abys- W. T. Blanford. 
sinia, 4-68. : 
e-f, 2 Skins Sooroo Pass, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 
6-68. 
g. Skin Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 
h-l. 4 Alc. Undul weles, Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. 
m. Skeleton Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. 
n. Skeleton in i W. T. Blanford. 
ale. 


Genus SCHIZODON. 
Schizodon, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 91 (1841). Type, S. fuscus, 


Schizodon fuscus. 


Schizodon fuscus, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. gt (3841); id. Nat, Hist. 
Mamm., ii p. 265. 


Distribution —Chili, 
a. Stuffed Chili Brit. Mus. [Ex.] 


Genus SPALACOPUS. 


Spalacopus, Wagler Isis., p. 1219 (1832). Type, S. poeppigii. 

Poephagomys, F. Cuvier Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), i, p. 321 (1834). Type, S. 
poeppigii. 

Psammoryctes, Pappig Archiv. f. Natur., i, pt. 1, p. 252 (1835). Type, S. 
poeppigii. 


Spalacopus poeppigii. 
Spalacopus poeppigii, Wagler Isis., p. 1219 (1832); Waterhouse Nat. Hist., 
Mamm., ii, p. 260, pl. ix, fig. i; Blyth Cat. no. 420, p. 127. 


7 
Poephagomys ater, F. Cuvier Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), i, p. 321, pl. xiii (1834). 
Psammoryctes noctivagus, Poeppig Archiv. f. Natur.,i, pt. 1, p. 252 (1835) 


Distribution.— Chili. 


a. Stuffed Chili C. T. Eyton (1849), A. 5S. B 


Genus OCTODON. 


Octodon, Bennett, P. Z. S., p. 46 (1832). Type, O. degus. 
tie Meyen Nova Acta Acad, Leop. Caro., xvi, p. 600 (1833). Type, 
. degus, . 


ERETHIZON 103 


Octodon degus. 


Sciurus degus, Molina Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili, pp. 303, 342 (1782)%; Gmelin 
Syst. Nat., i, p. 1§2. : 

Qctodon Sait Heese P.Z.S., p. 47 (1832); id. Trans. Zool. Soc., 
ii, p. 81, pl. xvi. 

Octodon pallidus, Wagner Archiv, f. Natur., xi, pt. 2, p. 33 (1845). 

Bes degus, Meyen Nova Acta Acad. Leop, Cavo., xvi, p. 600, p}. 
xliv (1833). 

Octodon degus, Waterhouse Nat. Hist, Mamm.,, ii, p. 253 (1848); Blyth 
Cat, no. 419, p. 127. 


Distribution.—Chili, 
a. Stuffed Chili C. T. Eyton (1846), A. S. B. 


Genus SYNETHERES. 
Synetheres, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus., Paris ix, p- 433 (4822). Type, S. pre- 


hensilis. 


Cercolabes, Brandt Mamm. Exot. Noo., p. 55 (1835). 


Synetheres prehensilis. 


Hystrix prehensilis, Zixneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 76 (1766). 

Hystrix cuandu, Desmarest Mamm., p. 346 (1820). 

Synetheres prehensilis, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus., Paris, ix, pp. 427, 433, 
pl. xx ter, figs. 3 and 4 (1822). 

Cercolabes prehensilis, Brandt Mamm. Exot. Nov., p. 60, pl. ix, figs. 5-9 
(1835); Waterhouse Nat. Hist, Mamm., ii, p. 410. : 


Disiribution—-The Brazilian region of South America. 
@. Ale. GS. eae Purchased, 


Genus ERETHIZON, 


Erethizon, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus., Paris, ix, p. 432 (1822). Type, E. 
dorsatus. 
_ Echinoprocta, Gray P, Z. S., p. 321 (1865). Type, E. rufescens. 


Erethizon dorsatus. 


Hystrix dorsata, Linnaus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 76 (1766). 

Erethizon dorsatus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus., Paris, ix, p. 425, pl, xx fer, figs, 
1, 2 & 8 (1822) ; Allen Monographs N. Amer. Rodents, p. 388 in 

Hystrix hudsonius, Dekay New York Zool.,i, p. 77, pl. xxvi, fig. 1, pl. viii, 
fig. 2 (1842). 


The Canada Porcupine, 
__ Distribution.—Middle and northerly portions of the North 
American Continent. 


a-b, 2 Skulls Upton, Maine, U.S, A. W. Theobald, 


104 MAMMALIA 


Genus ATHERURA. 


Atherura, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., and ed., i, p. 215 (1829). Type, A. mac- 
roura, 


The skull of the African species of Atherura is distinguishable 
at once from that of the Asiatic species by the fact that the poste- 
‘rior nasal opening is in the former species opposite the last molar, 
whereas in the latter, it is extended forward to opposite the penul- 
‘timate molar. . 

Besides the two species mentioned below, there is a third, the 
true A. fasciculata of Shaw, found only in Siam, in which the cuudal 
bristles are simple and flattened, and not twisted and irregularly 
dilated. 


Atherura macroura, 


Hystrix macroura, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. 77 (1766). 

Atherura fasciculata, apud G. Cuvier Regne Anim., 2nd ed.,i, p. 215 (1829); 
Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 2573 Gray P. Z. S., 1847, p. 104; Horsfield 
Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 147; Blyth Cat. no. 424, p. 129; P. L. Sclater 
P.Z.S., 1871, p. 236; Blyth $.A-S. B. xliv, Burma List, p. 43; An- 
derson F., Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 341. 

Atherura macroura, Waterhouse Nat. Hit. Mamm., ii, p. 472; Blyth F. 
A. S. B., xx, p. 519; Gunther P. Z. S., 1876, p. 742; Thomas P. Z. 
S., 1886, p. 71. 


Brush-tailed Porcupine. 


a-b, 2 Skins, ¢ Q Tiboo Padan, Mergui, J Anderson. 
2skeletons, 7-2-82, 


ec. Skin No history, A. S.B. 

d. Stuffed, skull Tipperah R. W.G. Frith, A. S. B. 

e. Stuffed, skull Malacca Rev. F. Lindstedt, A.S. B. 

f Sheer wasnies Zoological Gardens. 
mted. 


Atherura africana. 


Atherura africana, Gray Ann. Mag., N. H.,x, p. 261 (1842); Waterhouse 
Nat. Hist. Mamm.., ii, p. 4763 Gunther P. Z. S., 1876, p. 742. 


Distribution —Western Africa. 


a. Skin, — skull, janie W. Rutledge. 
and bones ¢ 


Genus HYSTRIX, 


Hystrix Linnaeus, Syst. Nat, 12th ed., i, p. 76 (1766). Type, H. cristata. 

Beer a F, Cuvier Mem. Mus.. Paris, ix, p. 431 (1822). Type, H. longi- 
cauda, 

CEdocephalus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 308 (1866). Type, H. crista‘a.- 

Acanthoecherus, Gray P, Z. S., p. 310 (1866). Type, H. longicauda. 


HYSTRIX, 105 


Key of Indian Species. 


a. Crest well developed; skull with enormously inflated nasal 
region; the frontal processes of the premaxillae wide, trun- 
cated, and extending back as far as the nasals. 

H. leucurus, p. 105. 


a*, Crest but slightly if at all developed; skull with the nasals 
not inflated, and the nasals extending further back than the 
frontal processes of the premaxillae. 


4. Nasal bones expanded behind and extending back to a level 
with the middle of the orbits; frontal processes of the 
premaxillae narrow and almost pointed. 

H. longicauda, p. 106. 


2°, Nasal bones of equal width throughout, and hardly extending 

backwards to a level with the lacymal bones; frontal 
processes of the premaxillae wide and truncated. 

H. yunnanensis, p. 107. 


Hystrix cristata. 


Hystrix cristata, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 76 (1766); Brandt 
Mamm. Exot. Nov. ps 35, pl. viii, figs, 1-2; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. 
Mamm., ii, p 448, pl. xx, fig.1; P. ZL. Sclater P. Z, S., 1871, p. 233; 
Danford and Alston P, Z. S., 1877, po 281. 

Acanthion cuvieri, Gray P. Z. S., p. 102 (1847). 

(CEdocephalus cuvieri, Gray P, Z. S., p. 308 (1866). 


The European Porcupine. 
Distribution —Southern Europe and Northern Africa, ranging 
as far as Zanzibar? 


a. Stuffed, skelee Zanzibar? Zoological Gardens. 
ton 2 


Hystrix leucurus. 


Hystrix leucurus, Sykes P.Z S.,p. 103 (1831); Elliot Madras Fourn, x, p. 
218; Gray P. Z.S., 1847; p. 100; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 146; 
Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 70; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p 520; 
Blyth Cat. no, 421, p. 128; Gray P. Z, S., 1866, p. 308; Ferdon Mamm., 
p.218; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 55; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1871, 
Pp. 233; Stoliczka FA. S. B., xli, p. 228; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 48; 
Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 57- 7 

Hystrix cristata, apud Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii pl. xiv (1834); Hutton 
F. A, S. Ba, XV, Pe 136; Blanford Persia, p. 80. 

Hystrix hirsutirostris, Brandt Mamm. Exot, Nov., p. 39, pl. viii, figs. 3-6 
(1835); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 454, pl. xx, fig. 2; Wagner 
Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 573; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxi, p. 351. 

Hystrix zeylonensis, Blyth F. A. S. B., xX, p. 171 (1851). ; 

Hystrix malabarica, P. L, Sclater P. Z. S. p. 353, pl. xvi (1865) ; Gray 
P.Z.S., 1866, p. 308, 


106 MAMMALIA. 


The Indian Crested Porcupine; Sahi, Sayal, Sirsel, Hind. ; Saori, 
Guzerat ; Salendra, Mahrathi; Yed, Canarese ; Yeddu-pandi, Ta- 
mil ; Heetava, Cingalese, 

Distribution.—India from Sind and the Himalayas southwards 
to Ceylon; Baluchistan ; eastwards not extending to Lower Bengal. 

The Baluchistan skull (c.f. Blanford’s Persia) seems to agree 
much better with the Indian skulls than with that of H. cristata, 
of which however there is only one specimen in the Museum, the 
skull of which exactly agrees with the skull of H. cristata as 
-figured in Waterhouse’s Mammalia, being distinguished from H. 
leucura by its posteriorly broadened nasals and by its much 
narrower nasal process of the premaxillae. 


a-b, 2 Skins Jemper, Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 
ce, Skin, juv. Fe a é Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 
d. Skin Ceylon? Zoological Gardens, 
e. Staffed, juv. 4s E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. 

(Type of Hystrix zeylonensis, Blyth.] 

Ff. Skin = juve eins A.S.B. 

g. Skull Pind Dadan Khan W. Theobald, A.S.B.~ 
h. Skull Ceylon E, F. Kelaart, A.S.B. 
gj. Skull 5 E. L. Layard, A.S.B. 
&. Skull Allahabad J. Cockburn. 

1, Skull No history A.SB. 
m, Skin, skull @ Jalk, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 

15-3-72. 

n. Skin 2 Agra dist, Agra Mus. 

o. Skin of head South India Sir W. Elliot, A.S.B. 
p. Alc. JUV, aa ee W. Rutledge, 


Hystrix longicauda. 


Hystrix longicauda, Marsden Hist. Sumatra, 3rd ed., p. 118, pl. xiii (1810) ; 
Raffles Linn Trans., xiii, p. 258; Cantor ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 256; Blyth 
Cat. no 423, p.129[pt.]; ferdon Mamm., p. 221 (pt.]; McMaster Notes on 
Ferdon, p. 56; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 234; Blyth F A. S. By, 
xliv, Burma List, p. 42. 

Hystrix fasciculata, Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 36 
(1839). 

Acanthion hodgsonii, Gray P. Z.S., p. tor (1847); id. P. Z. S., 1866, p. 310. 

Hystrix alophus, Hodgson, ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 771, pl. xxxii (1847); Gray 
Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 11. 

Hystrix hodgsoni, Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., p. 461, pl. xx, fig. 3 
(1848). 

Hystrix bengalensis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xx, p. 170 (1851); Blyth Cat, no. 
422, p. 128; Ferdon Mamm., p. 220. 

Acanthocheerus grotei, Gray P. Z. S., p. 310, pl. xxxi (1866). 


The Crestless Porcupine; Sajru, Bengal; Anchotia Dumsi- 
Nepal; Sathung, Lepch; Phyoo, Tenasserim. 
Distribution.—Himalayas from Nepal eastwards, Lower Bengal, 


HYSTRIX. 107 


Assam, Burma and the Malay peninsula, extending to the islands 
of Sumatra and Borneo. 

_All the skulls in the Museum of the crestless type of Porcu- 
pine with one exception are of the type figured by Waterhouse 
(/. c.) distinguished by their long posteriorly rounded and expand- 
ed nasal bones, the other type figured by Waterhouse as H. 
javanica is distinguished by its short truncated nasals which do 
not reach as far back as the level of the lacrymal-bone ; there is 
one skull of this type in the Museum—see below under H. yunnan- 
ensis ; there does not seem to be any real difference between the 
three so-called species H. longicauda, H. bengalensis and H. hodg- 
soni, unless it is that in the last named there is no trace of a crest, 
whereas a small crest is present in H. bengalensis and H. longi- 
cauda; the skulls of these species vary enormously and no dis- 


tinctions can be found which do not break down when a series are 
examined. 


a. Skin, skull — Nepal Valley, 4-78 J. Scully. 
4. Skin, skull = Nepal B. H. Hodgson, A.S.B. 
e. Skin, skull Darjeeling E. Blyth (1832) A.S.B. 
d. Skin, skull Sikkim L, Mandelli. 
e. Skin, juv Arakan L. Mandelli, A.S.B. 
JF. Stuffed skull Bates E. Lindstedt, A.S.B. 
(Type of H. bengalensis, Blyth.] 
g. Stuffed, juv. obae A.S.B. 
A. Stuffed skull, Malacca AS.B. 
j- Stuffed skull, areas Rajah R. Mullick 
29-12-71 
&. Skeleton, mtd. aa Rajah R, Mullick, A.S.B. 
% Skeleton $ aaa Babu H. M. Roy, A.S.B. 
m. Skeleton ; No history. 
n. Skull Assam F. Jenkins, A.S.B. 
o-s. 5 Skulls No history. 


Hystrix yunnanensis. 
Hystrix yunnanensis, Anderson Anat, Zool. Res., p 332 (1878). 


Distribution.—Kakhyen hills of Upper Burma. 

The skull of this species, as is pointed out by Anderson, 
(2. ¢.) resembles very closely that of H. javanica, described and 
figured by Waterhouse (Mamm., ii, p. 465, pl. xx, fig. 4), the great 
feature of the skull being the short nasals which do not extend back 
as far as the anterior level of the lacrymal bones and the consequent 
increase in size of the frontals, Ginther (P.Z.S., 1876, p. 737) has 

-described a species of Hystrix from Borneo as H. crassispinus, the 
skull of which (woodcut fig. 1), also agrees very closely with 
the Yunnan skull ; the Borneo species, judging from the plate, does 
not appear to be crested, in this resembling H. javanica, but it is 
distinguished by its very large and thick spines, some of which 


108 MAMMALIA, 


are twice as thick as an incisor tooth ; the Yunnan species on the 
other hand, has a small crest and the spines are of a moderate size, 
at least none are as large as the incisor teeth. 

The skull of H. javanica, which was figured by Cuvier (Mem. 
Mus. Paris, ix, pl. ix, figs. 3-4) seems to be of the same type as 
H. longicauda with posteriorly extended and swollen nasals, 

a. Skin, skull Kakhyen hills J. Anderson. 

{Type of Hystrix yunnanenis, Anderson.] 


Genus LAGOSTOMUS. 


Lagostomus, Brookes Linn. Trans., xvi, p. 102 (1828). 


Lagostomus trichodactylus. 


Lagostomus trichodactylus, Brookes Linn. Trans., xvi, p. 102, pl. ix (1828); 
Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 212. 


The Viscacha. 
Distribution.—The open plains of the southern part of South 
America. 


@a,Skeleton aa . W. Rutledge. 


Genus CH LOGENYS. 


Ceelogenus, F. Cuvier Ann. Mus., Paris, x, p. 203 (1807). 
Ceelogenys. lidiger Prodr., p. 92 (1811). 


Ceelogenys paca. 


Mus paca, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 81 (1866), 


Ccelogenus subniger i . 5 
Coelogenus fulvus } F. Cuvier Ann. Mus., Paris, 8, p. 206, pl., ix (1807). 


Celogenys paca, Blyth Cat. no. 420, p.128 (1863); Alston Biol. Centr. 
Amer. Mamm., p. 174. 


Distribution.—From Vera Cruz in Mexico southwards through 
Central and South America to Paraguay. 


a. Skin ates No history, 

&. Skin igen W. Rutledge. 

d. Stuffed South America. E. Blyth, A.S.B. 

e. Stuffed Purchased. 

Ff. Skeleton mtd. E. Blyth, A.S.B, 
g-h. 2 Skulls E, Blyth, A.S.B. 


Genus CAVIA, 
Cavia, Pallas Miscell. Zool,. p. 30 (1766)*. 


LAGOMYS. 109 


Cavia porcellus, 


Mus porcellus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 79 (1766). 

Cavia cobaya, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 122 (1788); Blyth Cat, no. 426, p. 
129; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm, ii, p. 185. 
The Guinea Pig. 
Distribution.—South America, only known domesticated. 


a. Skin g dveivus Purchased. 

6. Skin, skull ¢ sities Purchased. 

c. Skin $ Se Sas Zoological Gardens. 

ad, Stuffed sare A. D. Bartlett (1849), A.S.B. 
e. Skeleton 9 sau? W. Rutledge, 


Cavia australis. 


Cavia australis, /s. Geof. St. Hil. Mag. de Zool., iii, pl. 129* ; Blyth Cat. no. 
425, p. 120. 

Kerodon kingii, Bennett P. Z. S., p. 190 (1835). 
Distribution.—Patagonia. 


a, Stuffed wsebiue C. T. Eyton, A.S.B. 


Genus HYDROCHCG:RUS, 
Hydrocheerus, Erxleben Syst. Regn. Anim., p. 191 (1777). 


Hydrocherus capybara., 
Hydrocherus capybara Erxleben Syst. Regn. Anim, p. 193 (1777). 
Distribution.—South America from Guiana to Paraguay, 


a. Skeleton mtd. sauce W. Rutledge. 
& Skull aa : E. Blyth, A.S.B. 


Genus LAGOMYS. 
Lagomys, Cuvier Regne Anim., and ed., i, p. 218 (1829). 


Key of the Indian Species. 
a. Larger forms generally over 7 inches in length. 
6, Fur sandy rufous ; skull very narrow between the orbits, 


c. Ear long about 1 inch; no white nuchal patch ; skull with 
the anterior palatine foramen divided into an anterior and 
posterior portion by the inwardly projecting palatal 
plates,of the premaxillae. L. ladacensis, p. 110. 


c, Ear shorter, only about *75 inch; a large conspicuous white 


110 MAMMALIA. 


patch at the back of the neck; the anterior palatine 
foramen not divided as above. 
L. rufescens, p. 111. 


57. Fur grayish ; skull not contracted between the orbits, but 
with a pair of foramina at the narrowest point at the 
anterior ends of the frontal bones; the anterior palatine 
foramen not divided. -  L. macrotis, p. 110. 


a*, Smaller, generally under 7 inches in length; fur very long, 
soft, and rufous; skull broad between the orbits; and the 
anterior palatine foramen not divided. L. roylei, p. 112. 


Lagomys ladacensis. 


Lagomys curzoniz, apud Stolicska F. A, S. B., xxxiv, p. 108 (1865) ; Ander- 
son P, Z. S., 1871, p. 562. . 

Lagomys ladacensis, Ginther Ann. Mag. N. H. (4),xvi, p. 231 (1875); 
Blanford F. A. S. B. xiv, p. 110; id. Yarkand Mammals, p.71, pl. vi 
fig .i, pl. vii, fig. 2, pl. viia, fig. 1. 


Distribution — The higher regions of Eastern Ladak from 15,000 
feet to 19,000 feet. 


a-d. 4 Skins 9 Chagra, Ladak,15-7-70 G. Henderson. 


e. Skin ” » 7-10-70 G. Henderson. 
f-g. 2Skins 9 Luksung, Ladak, 24-6-70 G. Henderson. 
and juv. 
h-k. 3 Skins ¢ ” ” 7-70 G. Henderson. 
d. Skin Ladak G. Henderson. 
m. Skin, skull Chagra, Ladak, at-9-73  ‘F. Stoliczka. 
n-o-p. 3 Skins Rimdi, Ladak. F. Stoliczka. 
17,000 feet, 22=9-73. = 
q. Skin Kaziljilga, Ladak F. Stoliczka. 
rs. 2 Skins, Gogra, Ladak. F. Stoliczka. 
1 skull. 
t. Skin Ladak P F. Stoliczka, 


u-v, 2Skins g Kizitlagh Karakorum C. Ellis. 
g Pass, 17,500 ft. 24-7-83 
w. Skin, skull Karakorum Brangsa, C. Ellis. 


23-7-83. 
x. Skeleton Rimdi, Ladak F, Stoliczka. 

17,000 ft. 22-9-73. 
y. Stuffed Ladak F. Stoliczka (1864), A.S.B. 
3, Alc. Ladak G. Henderson. 


Lagomys macrotis. 


Lagomys macrotis, Giinther Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 231 (Sept. 1875) ; 
Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 75; Scully Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 
100; id. P. Z. S., 1881, ps 207. 

Lagomys auritus, Blanford $.A.S.B., xliv, p 111 (Oct. 1875); id. FA. S. 
B., x\vi, p. 326; id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 74, pl. vi, fig. 2, pl. viia, fig. 2. 

Lagomys griseus, Blanford ¥. A.S.B., xliv, p. 111 (Oct. 1875) ; id. Yarkand 
Mammals, p. 77, pl. vii, fig. 1, pl. viia, fig. 3. 


LAGOMYS IIt 


Distribution—Ladak more especially the western part; has a 
somewhat more extended distribution than the last species. 

The additional number of specimens received since the publica- 
tion of Blanford’s Yarkand Mammals confirms what Blanford 
hinted at in that work that Lagomys macrotis, L. auritus and L. 
griseus are conspecific. There is no distinction to be found 
between the skulls of these three so-called species, and the colour 
and degree of harshness of the fur varies considerably in each* 
individual. 


a. Skinand —_ Lukong, Pankong Lake, F. Stoliczka. 


skull. Ladak, 199-73. 
(Type of Lagomys auritus, Blanford.] 
6, Skin and Lukong F. Stoliczka. 
skeleton. } 
e-d. 2Skins,1 skull S. of Sanju Pass F. Stoliczka. 


Kuenlun Mts., 22-10-73. 
(Type of Lagomys griseus, Blanford.] 


e. Skin, skull Duba, Kuenlun Mts.? F. Stoliczka. 


6-6-74. 
J. Skin Above Kharbu, Ladak. F. Stoliczka. 
14,000 ft., 22-8-73 
g. Skia Leh, Ladak, 21-9-73 F. Stoliczka. 
h-j. 2 Skins i » ©27-9-73- ~~~‘. Stoliczka. 
k. Skin 1 30-9-73- F. Stoliczka. 


1. Skin, skull 9 Kishengunga Valley, J. Biddulph. 
Kashmir, 7,500 ft., 


21-5-76. : , 
m, Skin G lgitdist., 10,000 ft., J. Biddulph. 

23-6-76, 
a. Skin @ Gilgit, 12,000 ft. J. Scully. 
v. Skin, skull Dayoor, Gilgit, J. Scully. 

7,500 ft. 


Lagomys rufescens, 


Lagomys rufescens, Gray Ann. Mag. N.H., x, p. 266 (1842); Hutton and 
Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 140; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 20; 
Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p. 149; Blyth Cat. NO 440, P. 133 ; Blanford 
Persia, p. 83 pl. vi, fig. 2; Scully F. A. $.2., Ivi, p. 76; Murray Ann. 
Mag. N. H. (5) xiv, p. 100; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1053. 


Distribution—Persia and Afghanistan extending to Afghan- 
Turkestan and parts of Transcaspia. 


a-b, 2Skins @ Kobrud, Persia, W, T. Blanford. 
9,000 ft., 7-72+ 

c-e. 3 Skins Q  Kohrud, Persia, W. T. Blanford. 
9,000 ft , 7-72+ 

fh. 3 Skins 9 Kohrud, Persia, W. T. Blanford, 


9,000 ft., 7-7 2. 


112 MAMMALIA. 


j- Skin, é@ Sika Ram Mt.,Kurrum J, E. T. Aitchison. 


skull. Valley, 11,000 to 
12,000 ft. 
k-l, 2 Skins, ¢ Q Shadian, Afghan C.E. Yate. 
1 skull. Turkistan, 8-86. 
m. Skeleton g Kohrud, Persia. W. T. Blanford. 
n. Stuffed Kandahar T. Hutton ( 846), A.S.B. 
o-p. 2 Alc. @ Kohrud, Persia W. T. Blanford. 
qt. 4 Alc. co} ‘ an W. T. Blanford. 
u. Alc. juy. fs i W. T. Blanford. 
v-w. 2 Skulls ay a W. T. Blanford. 
x, Skull Kandahar T. Hutton (1846), A.S.B. 


Lagomys roylei. 

Lagomys roylei, Ogilby Royle’s Himal.Bot., p \xiz, pl. iv (1839) ; Zs. Geoff, 
St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, iv, p. 62; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., 
ji, p 26; Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p.§75; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, 
p. 520; Blyth Cat. no. 439, p. 133; Ferdon Mamm., p. 226; Blanford 
F. A. S.B., xli, p. 35; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 286; Scully Ann. 
Mag. N. A. (5) viii, p. 100. a 

Lagomys hodgsonii, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., x, p. 816, figure on p. 844 (1841); 
Waterhouse Nat, Hist. Mamm., ii, p 23. 

Lagomys nepalensis, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 854, figure on p. 816 (1841) ; 
id. F. A. S. B., xi, p. 289; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 24; Gray 
Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p.21; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., 148; Giinther 
Ann. Mag. N. H. (4) xvi, p. 230. 


Distribution —The Himalayas generally from Kashmir to Sik- 
kim. 

Two other species of Lagomys, allied to L. roylei, have been 
described, whether they are identical with L. roylei cannot be 
decided without an examination of the types; one is L. curzonie 
of Hodgson (J.A.S. B., xxvi, p. 207) procured from the Chumbi 
Valley of Thibet; this is asserted by Giinther (Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), 
xvi, p. 230) to be quite distinct from the other Himalayan spe- 
cies, the other is L. tibetanus of Milne Edwards from Moupin in 
Thibet, and this seems to be closely allied to L. roylei. 


a. Skin, skull Mataian, Dras valley, F. Stoliczka. 
Kashmir, 12,000 ft., 
15-8-73. 

6. Skin, skull Deosai plain, Kashmir J. Scully. 
(Biddulph )11,000 
to 12,coo ft. 


c. Skin Sange-Pir,above Astor, G. M. Giles. 
Kashmir, 15,000 t. 
d. Skin, skull Kashmir J. E. T. Atchison. 
e. Skin, skull Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London, 
fl. 6 Stuffed lias ASB. 
m-n, 2 Alc. 1 skall Native Sikkim W’. T. Blanford. 


Genus LEPUS. 


Lepus, Linneus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 77 (1766). 
Caprolagus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xiv, p. 248 (1845). Zype, L. hispidus, 


LEPUS. 113 


Key of the Indian Species. 
a, Ears longer than the head. 
6. Fur distinctly curly ; tail white. 


c. Rump grayish ; ears posteriorly brown. 
, L. hypsibius, p. 113. 


c?, Rump french gray, contrasting strongly with the colour of 
the back ; ear posteriorly white. L, pallipes, p. 114. 


6°, Fur straight ; tail never wholly white. 
d. Tail black above ; nape never black. ; 


e. Fur very soft and thick ; ear about 4'5 inches ; tarsus about 
4°75 inches in the dry skin; nasals rounded or truncated 
posteriorly ; posterior wing of postorbital process of 
the frontal bone free. . L. tibetanus, p. 114. 


e*. Fur not so soft ; ear about 5°5 inches ; tarsus 4°25 inches ; 
nasals as in L, tibetanus ; posterior wing of postorbital 
process of the frontal bone meeting the squamosal. 

L, dayanus, p. 115. 


é. Fur coarse; ear about 4 inches; tarsus 4°25 inches; 
nasals acutely pointed posteriorly and externally ; pos- 
terior wing of postorbical process free, : 

L. peguensis, p. 117. 


d®, Tail and nape black. ‘i . L. nigricollis, p. 116. 
a3, Tail red above . ‘ . L. ruficaudatus, p. 116. 


a", Ears shorter than the head ; fur very coarse. 
L. hispidus, p. 117. 


Lepus hypsibius. 


Lepus oistolus, apud Adams P. Z. S., p. 520 (1858). 
Lepus pallipes, apud Blyth Cat. no. 433, p. 131 (1863); Blanford F A.S. B., 


xliv, p. 109. ; ; 
Lepus hypsibius, Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 214 (1875); id. Yarkand 
Mammals, p. 60, pl. iii, fig. i, pl. iva, fig. i. . 


Distribution —Northern Ladak. 


a, Skin Pamzal, Changchemno F. Stoliczka. 
Valley, Ladak, 29-8-73. ; 
6. Skin, skull Kium, N. Ladak F. Stoliczka, 


[Co-types of Lepus hypsibius, Blanford,] 
ce. Skin West Thibet ? E, Smyth, A.S.B. 


114 MAMMALIA. 


Lepus pallipes. 


Lepus pallipes, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xi, p. 288, pl. ii (1842); Waterhouse 
Nat. Hist. Mamm.,, ii, p. 62; Cunningham Ladak, p. 203; Horsfeld 
P. Z.S., 1886, p. 401; Blanford, P. A. S. B., 1875, pe 198; id. Yarkand 
Mammals, p. 62; pl. iii, fig. 2. . . 

? Lepus oiostolus, Hodgson F. A, S, B., ix, p.1186 (1840); id. F. A. S. B., xi, 

. 288. 

? Lepas tibetanus, apud Anderson P. Z, Sy p. 563 (1871); Blanford 

F. ALS. B., xii, p. 34. 


Distribution.—T hibet from the north of Sikkim extending west- 
wards to Eastern Ladak. 


a. Skin, skull | Thibet, north of Sikkim L. Mandelli. 


6. Skin Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London. 
c. Skin juv. @ Karakash, 1-8-70 G. Henderson. 
d, Skin juv. g Gograhot springs, Ladak, G. Henderson. 
7-79. 
e-f. 2 Skins juv, ? Ladak G. Henderson. 
g. Skin ? Ladak F. Stoliczka. 
A. Skin @ oor. Balakchi, Kuenlun J. Scully, 
Mts., 26-8-75. 


Lepus tibetanus, 


“Hare of Little Thibet,” Vigne Travels in Kashmir, ii, p. 268. 

Lepus tibetanus, Waterhouse P.Z.S., p. 7 (1841); id. Nat. Hist. Mamm., 
ii, p. 58; Gunther Ann. Mag. N. H, (4), xvi, p. 228; Blanford Yarkand 
Mammals, p. 63, pl. iv, fig. 2; Scully P. Z.S., 1881, p. 207 ; Thomas 
Linn. Trans., (2) v, p. 61. 


Lepus lehmanni, Severtzog? Ann. Mag. N.H. (4), Xviii, p. 169; Scully 
F. A. S. B., vi, p. 76; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1054. 
Lepus biddulphi, Blanford $. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 324 (1877). 
Distribution —Ladak from the Nubra Valley westward through 
Gilgit and Afghan and Russian-Turkestan and North Persia. 
a-b, 2Skin2skulls Nubra Valley, Ladak, Dr. Bellew. 


10°73. : 
c. Skin, skull gy Chaprot, Gilgit, 17-2-80 J. Scully. 
ad, Skin, skull 9 Niltar Valley, Gilgit, J. Scully. 


: 29-7-79. 
ef. 2 Skins, 9 Gakuch, Gilgit, 25-5-79 J. Scully. 


1 skull, 

g. Skin Q Gilgit, 30-1-80 J. Scully. 

4. Skin juv. Manugar nullah, Gilgit, J. Scully. 
9,000 ft., 2-4-79. 

j. Skin, skull = Yassin, Gilgit, J. Biddulph. 
_ 7,000 ft., 9-76 

[Type of Lepus biddulphi, Blanford.]} 
&. Skin Hindu Kush C. E. Yate. 


i, Skin juv. g Gulran, Afghan-Turkis- J. E. T. Aichison, 
tan. 


Lepus pamirensis. 
Lepus pamirensis, Giinther Ann, Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 229 (1875) 


LEPUS, 115 
Blanford F. A. S. B,, xliv, p. 110; id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 67, pl. v, 
fig. 1, pl. va, fig. 1. : 
Distribution —The Pamir. 
a-b, 2 Skins Lake Sarikul, Pamir F. Stoliczka. 


Lepus stoliczkanus, 


Lepus stoliczkanus, Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xliv, p, 110 (1875); id. Yarkand, 
Mammals, pl. v, fig. 2, pl. va, fig. 2. 


Distribution,—Mountains north of Kashgar. 


There does not seem to be any very great distinction between 
this species, L. pamirensis and L. tibetanus, either in the skins 
or skulls, and when more specimens are- procured, it will probably 
be found that they are all identical with one another. 


a-b, 2 Skins Jigda, Altum Artush, F. Stoliczka. 
n. of Kashgar, 26-2-74. 


[Types of Lepus stoliczkanus, Blanford.]} 


Lepus yarkandensis. 


Lepus yarkandensis, Ginther Aun. Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 229 (1875); 
Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 109; id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 65, pl. iv, 
fig. 1, pl. iva, fig. 2. 


Distribution—The plains of Eastern Turkestan round Yarkand 
and Kashgar, 


a-b. 2 Skins Katti-ilak, Fyzabad, F, Stoliczka. 
£. Turkestan, 1-3-74 : 
¢. Skin Yangihissar, 2-12-73 F. Stoliczka, 
d-e, 2 Skins Yarkand, 224-73 F. Stoliczka. 
Jf Skin Beshkant, Yarkand 2-75 J. Scully. 
g. Skin juv. Yarkand, 5-6-75 J. Scully. 
hk, Skin juv. $ % 31-5-75 J. Scully. 
j. Skin juv, Hassan Borgha,E.Tur- C. Ellis. 


kistan, 2,350 ft., 19-6- 
8 


3. 
2, Skeleton Katti-ilak, Fyzabad, F. Stoliczka. 
E, Turkestan, 


Lepus dayanus, 


? Lepus sp., Hutton F. A. S. B., xv, p. 141. : 
Lepus dayanus, Blanford P. Z. S., p. 663 (1874); Murray Zool. Sind, 
. 50. i f 
ievue craspedotis, Blanford Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 313 (1875); id. 

Persia, p. 80, pl. viii: Murray Zool. Sind, p. 49. 
Lepus joongshaiensis, Murray Zool, Sind, p. 51 (1884). 


Distribution.—Throughout Sind and Baluchistan. 
12 


116 MAMMALIA. 


There does not seem to be any distinctions of importance between 
the Sind and Baluchistan hares, and the description of the third 
species, L. joongshaiensis, agrees entirely with the type of L. cras- 
pedotis and a specimen labelled L. dayanus in the Indian Museum. 


a. Skin, skull Q Pishin, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 
8-2-72. 
(Type of Lepus craspedotis, Blanford.] 


6. Skin, skull Nara Nai w.of Sehwan, W. T. Blanford. 
Sind, 11-2-75. 

c. Head juv. Chaman,S. Afghanistan J. A. Murray. 

d, Skull — juv. 7 af . A. Murray. 

e. Skull Kandahar T. Hutton, A. S. B. 


ed 


Lepus ruficaudatus, 


Lepus ruficaudatus, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Dict. Class. H. N., ix, p. 381 (1826) ; 
id. Voy. aux Indes Orient., Belanger, p. 156; Ogilby Royle’s Himal. Bot., 
p. lxviii; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 74; Blyth F. A. S.B., xi, 
p- 100; id. ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 291; id. Cat. no. 434, p. 131; Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 224; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. §7; Stoliczka, F. A. S. B., 
xli, p. 228; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 57. 

Lepus orientalis, Brown Bengal Sporting Mag. (1836)*. 

Lepus macrotus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., ix, p. 1183 (1840) ; Gray Cat. Hodg. 
Coll., 1st ed., p. 20; Wagner Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 574, with plate ; 
Adams P. Z.S., 1858, p. 520. 

Lepus tytleri, Tytler Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, p. 176 (1854); Blyth, 
F.A.S.B., xxii, p. 415; id. F. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 471. 


The Indian Hare; Khargosh, Hind.; Kharra, Central India; 
Sasru, Lamma, Hind.; Molol, Gonds. 

Distribution.—Northern India, from the Punjab to Bengal, ex- 
tending from the lowerranges of the Himalayas to the Taptee and 
Godavery Rivers. 


a, Skin é Agra dist. Agra Mus. 
b-c, 2 Skins Manbhoom R. C. Beavan (1865). 

d. Skin juv. P Mus. Coll (1866). 

e. Skin Thankot, Nepal, 9-12-77 J. Scully. 

Jf. Skin Naga Hills A. W. Chennell. 

g- Skeleton [Calcutta bazaar] Purchased. 

kh. Stuffed i 55. Purchased, A. S. B. 
j-*, 2 Stuffed juv. i sy Purchased, A. S. B. 

2, Stuffed juv. Alipore, Calcutta A. Grote, A. S. B. 
m. Skeleton mtd. [Calcutta bazaar.] Purchased, A. S. B. 


Lepus nigricollis. 


Lepus nigricollis, F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., xxvi, p. 307 (1823); Sykes 
P.Z,S., 1831, p. 103; F. Cuvier, Nat. Hist. Mamm. (1837)* ; Miller Over 
de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 37; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 218; 
Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p.72; Blyth $. A. S,B., xx, p. 1725 


LEPUS. ” 117 


Horsfield Cat, E. I. Mus., p.t147; Kelaart Prodr, Faun, Zeylan., p. 72; 
Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 520; Zelebor Séugeth. Novara Reise, p. 31; 
Blyth Cat. no. 437, p. 132; Ferdon Mamm,, p. 225; McMaster Notes on 
Ferdon, pp. $7, 66. 

Lepus melanauchen, Temminck and Schlegel Faun. fap. Mamm, Discour. 
Prelim.,, p. xiii (1835)*. 


The Black-naped Hare; Malla, Canarese ; Sassa, Mahr.; Musal, 
Tamil; Kundeli, Tel.; Hava, Cingalese. 
Distribution.—Southern India ; from the Taptee and Godavery 


rivers southwards; Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, and Mauritius where 
perhaps introduced by human agency. 


a. Skin Bangalore Mus Coll., Jaffa. 

6. Skin @ Tenmalai, S. Arcot dist. Mus Coll., Jaffa, 

c. Skin South India Madras Mus. (1863). 

d. Skin Ceylon Columbo Mus. * 

e. Skin Ceylon R. Templeton (1849), A.S.B. 

J-g. 2Skins, 1 skull aie No history. 

kh. Stuffed Java Batavian Soc. (1844), A.S.B. 
j. Stuffed Mauritius Batavian Soc. (1844), A.S.B. 


Lepus peguensis. 


Lepus peguensis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 471 (18§5); id. Caz. no. 435, 
p- 132; id. FA. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 43. 


Distribution.—The open country of Upper Pegu in Burma. 


a, Skin, skull Upper Pegu Sir A. Phayre, A. S. B. 
[Type of Lepus peguensis, Blyth.] 


Lepus sinensis. 


Lepus sinensis, Gray Illustr, Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xx (1834) ; Waterhouse 
Nat. Hist. Mamm.,, ii, p. 80; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxx, p. 90; id. Cat. no. 436, 
Pp. 132; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1862, p. 359; id. P. Z. S., 1870, p. 639. 


Distribution.—China, from Peking to Canton and the Island of 
Formosa. 


a-b, 2Stuffed, Amoy, China R. Swinhoe (1861), A. S. B. 
1 skull, 


Lepus hispidus. 


Lepus hispidus, Pearson Bengal Sporting Mag., p. 131 (1843)* ; McClelland 
P. Z. S., 1830, p. 152; Hodgson F. A. S. B., xvi, p. §72, pl. xiv; Water- 
house Nat. Hist. Mamm.,ii, p. 78; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed,, p. 11; 
Blyth Cat. no. 438, p. 133; Ferdon Mamm., p. 226. 

Caprolagus hispidus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xiv, p. 247, with two plates (1845); 
Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p. 148; Tytler Ann, Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, 
P- 175. 


18 MAMMALIA. 


Distribution.—The Terai at the base of the Himalayas from 
Nepal to Assam, extending southwards to Dacca; said to be found 
in the Rajmahal hills. 

A closely allied species (Lepus netcheri) has recently been 
described by Schlegel (Notes Leyd. Mus., ii., p. 59) from Sumatra. 


a-c. 3 Skins Dacca F. B. Simson (1870), 
d. Head and “i F. B. Simson (1870). 
skull, 
e. Skin 5 F. Buckland. 
jf: Stuffed and Assam. F. Jenkins, A. S. B. 
skull, - 
£- Skeleton Rajmahal ? W. S. Sherwill, A. S. B. 


Lepus europzus, 


Lepus europeus, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 30 (1778). 

Lepus timidus, apud Desmarest Mamm., ii, p. 347 (1820); Waterhouse 
Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 39 ; Blasius Saugeth. Deutsch; p. 412; Blyth Cat. 
No. 430, p- 130. 

The Hare. 
Distribution.—Europe generally, except the more northerr 
parts. 


a. Stuffed England A. D. Bartlett, A. S.B. 


Lepus cuniculus. 


Lepus cuniculus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 77 (1766) ; Waterhouse 
Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p.64; Blyth Cat. no. 432, p. 131. 


The Rabbit. 

Distribution.—Southern and Western Europe and North Africa ; 
has been introduced into many places, such as the Falkland Islands, 
Australia and New Zealand. 


a-b. 2Stuffed England A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. 
c. Stuffed [Lop-eared var.] Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. 
@-g. 4 Skulls. deestes A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. 


Lepus timidus, 


Lepus timidus, Lianeus Syst. Nat. 12th ed.,i, p. 77 (1766); Allen Mono- 
graphs N. Amer. Rodents, p. 288. 

Lepus variabilis, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., pp. 1, 30 (1778); Waterhouse 
Nat. Hist. Mamm.,, ii, p. §1; Blasius Séugeth. Deutsch., p. 420; Blyth Cat. 
no. 341, p. 131. 

Lepus arcticus, Leach in Ross’ Voyage, 2nd ed., append., p. 151 (1819)*. 

Lepus glacialis, Leach in Ross’ Voyage, and ed., append., p. 170 (1819)*. 

Lepus albus, Fenyns Brit. Vert. Anim., p. 35 (1835)- 

Lepus hibernicus, Bell Brit. Quad., isted., p. 341 (1837)*. 


Lepus borealis : 
Lees ie ae } Nilsson Kongl. Vetens. Akad, Oefvers, p. 133 (1847)*. 


LEPUS. 119 


The Polar Hare. 
Distribution —The northern regions of both hemispheres, Scot- 


land and Ireland, and the Alps and elevated regions of Central 
Europe. 


a. Skin a Norway Christiania Univ., A.S.B. 
mer). 

4 Skin hal Scotland Sir W. Jardine, A.S.B. 
ter). 

¢. Stuffed (win- Norway Christiania Univ., A.S.B. 
ter). 

a. gris (wine Scotland Sir W. Jardine, A.S.B. 
ter). 

@. Stuffed (sums Ireland A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. 
mer) and 
skull. 

Sf. Stuffed (win- No history A.S.B. 
ter). : 

gj. 3 Skulls sean A. D. Bartlett. 


Lepus xgyptius. 


Lepus egyptius, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Descrip. Egypt. Hist, Nat., ii, p. 730, 
Atlas, pl. vi, fig. 2 (1812); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 85 ; 
Blanford Abyssinia, p. 273. 

Lepus zgyptiacus, Hempr & Ehr. Symb, Phys., pl. xv, fig. i (1828). 

Lepus habessinicus, Brehm Habesch., p. 64 (1863)*. 


Distribution.—N orth-East Africa. 


a. Skin g Koomeylee, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 
400 ft., 2-6-68, 

6. Skin @ Zoulla, Annersley Bay, W. T. Blanford. 
Abyssinia, 6-2-68. 


Lepus tigrensis. 
Lepus tigrensis, Blanford Ann, Mag. N. H. (4), iv, p. 330 (1869) ; id. Adys- 
sinia, PB. 275+ iad 
Lepus abyssinicus, apud Lefebre Voyage Abyssinie, vi, Ailas, pl. v, fig. i* 
Distribution.—Hill country of Abyssinia, 


a-b, 2 Skins Takonda, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 

7,500 ft., 27-1-68. ; 

¢. Skin nr. Tigré, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 
7,500 ft., 1-3-68. 


Lepus capensis. 


Lepus capensis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 76 (1766); Waterhouse 
Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 95; Blyth Cat. NO, 420, Pp. 130. 
Lepus ochropus, Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugeth. Suppl., iv, p. 96 (1844). 


Distribution.—South Africa. 
a, Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, A.S.B. 


120 MAMMALIA 


Lepus saxatilis. 


Lepus saxatilis, F. Cuvier Dict. Sci. Nat., xxvi, p. 309 (1823); Waterhouse 
Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 92; Blyth Cat. no. 428, p. 130. 

Lepus rufinucha, A. Smith, Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 440 (1829). 

Lepus longicaudatus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 586 (1837). 

Lepus fumigatus, Wagner Schreber Séugeth. Suppl., iv, p. 98 (1844). 


Distribution.—South Africa, 
a. Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, A.S.B. 


Lepus americanus. 


Lepus americanus, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim.,p. 330 (1777); Allen Mono. 
graphs N, Amer. Rodents, p. 304. 

Lepus hudsonius, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 30 (1778): 

Lepus virgineanus, Harlan Faun. Amer., p. 196 (1825)*. 

Lepus borealis, Schinz Synop. Mamm,, ii, p. 286 (1845). 

re washingtoni, Baird P. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vii, p. 333; pl. xv, 

1856). 
Lepus bairdi, Hayden Amer, Nat., iii, p. 115 (1869)*. 


The Varying Hare. 


Distribution.—The wooded portion of the northern half of 
North America. 


a. Skin (wine Lucknow Ont.,Canada J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 


ter). 25-12-84. 

6. Skin (wins Gatineau R. Queb., J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
ter). Canada. 

¢. Skull Massachusetts, U.S.A. W. Theobald. 


Lepus sylvaticus. 


Lepus nanus, Schreber Saugeth, iv, p. 881 (1792) [in part.) 

Lepus americanus, efud Desmarest Mamm., ii, p. 351 (1822). 

Lepus sylvaticus, Bachman $. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vii, p. 403 
(1837) ; Allen Monographs North Amer. Rodents, p. 328. 

Lepus nuttalli, Bachman $. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vii, p. 345, pl. xxii 

1837). 

tne bachmani, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 103 (1838). 

Lepus artemesia, Bachman ¥. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philad, viii, p. 94 (1839). 

Lepus auduboni, Baird N. Amer. Mamm., p. 608, pl. xiii (1857)*. 


Wood Hare or Wood Rabbit. 
Distribution.—The greater part of the southern half of North 
America, 


a. Skin Nuces, Texas, 3-84 J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
6 Skin Texas J. H. Garnier [Ex ] 
¢. Skull _ Massachusetts W. Theobald. 


Lepus callotis. 


Lepus callotis, Wagler Nat. Syst. Amphib., p. 23 (1830) ; Allen Monographs 
NV. Amer. Rodents, pe 350. 


LEPUS. 121 


Lepus nigricaudatus, Bennett P,Z.S., p. 41 (1893). 
Lepus texianus, Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 136 (1848). 


The Jackass Hare. 


Distribution —Southern parts of the United States and Mexico 
to the isthmus of Tehuantepec. 


a. Skin Nuces Valley, Texas, 2-84 J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 


“2 Order UNGULATA. 


Placental Mammals with no clavicles ; with limbs for progres4 
“sion only ; the 1st digits of all recent forms wanting; ungual pha- 
langes hoofed ; metacarpals and metatarsals vertically elongat- 
ed or sharply inclined; teeth covered with enamel and molars 
generally complex. 


Key of the Indian Genera, 


a. Digits of manus and pes equal or even in number ; the 3rd 
digit of each foot asymmetrical in itself, but forms with the 
4th digit a symmetrical pair; no 3rd trochanter to the femur, 
posterior premolars smalier and simpler than the molars ; 
stomach complex ; caecum small ; horns when present paired. 

(= Artiodactyla] 


6. Ulna and fibula incomplete, confluent with radius and tibia, 
manus and pes functionally didactyle ; incisors rarely pre- 
sent in the upper jaw ; lower canines incisiform ; premolars 
and molars with uni- or bicrescentic ridges; stomach 
complex, four-chambered and ruminating. 

[=Selenodontia.] 


c. Horns generally present ; the third and fourth metacarpals 
and tarsals fused to form acannon bone; digits two and 
five, incomplete and wanting. [= Cotylophora.] 


d. Horns hollow and persistent ; digits two and five repre- 
sented by hoofs only; no upper canines; gall bladder 
present. [=Bovide, see key below.] 


d*, Horns solid and deciduous ; digits two and five have 
distinct metacarpals and phalanges ; no gall bladder. 
[=Cervide.] 


e. Horns small ; upper -canines well-developed ; distal 
tarsal elements all united except an ectocuneiform. 
Cervulus, p. 172, 


122 MAMMALIA. 


é*, Horns generally large; the navicular and cuboid ele- 
ments of the tarsus usually distinct ; canines only 
moderately developed. . . . Cervus, p. 174. 


e®, Horns absent ; canines very large. 
Moschus, p. 171. 


¢. Horns absent; 3rd and 4th metacarpals unite late or not 
at all; 2nd and sth digits complete on each foot ; canines 

present in both jaws; placenta diffuse. : 
Tragulus, p. 188, 


6, Non-ruminant hornless forms with tarsals and carpals, ulna 
and fibula distinct and complete; manus and pes tetradac- 
tyle ; incisors present in upper jaw, molars with tubercu- 
late or transversely ridged crowns ; canines present in both 
jaws ; stomach simple ; placentation diffuse. 

[= Bunodontia. ] 


Sus, p. 192. 


a*, Digits of the pes odd in number ; median or 3rd digit symme- 
trical bilaterally; femur with a 3rd trochanter; tympanic 
bone small and solid; stomach simple, cecum long; no 
gall bladder; placentation diffuse; horns when present un- 
paired. [= Perissodactyla.] 


e. Forms with soft hairy skin; nose proboscidiform; ° 
radius and ulna, tibia and fibula complete, the two 
latter distinct ; manus with four, pes with three digits, 

Tapirus, p. 198. 


e. Forms with thick skin and scanty hair; radius and 
ulna, tibia and fibula complete ; manus and pes tri- 
dactyle; orbits incomplete; canines absent; one or 
two coreless epidermic mesial horns on the snout 
formed of fused hair. . Rhinoceros, p. 201. 


e*, Specialized forms; ulna and fibula incomplete dis- 
tally, confluent proximally with the radius and 
tibia; 3rd digit on each foot functional only, the 
and and 4th rudimentary and represented by splint 
bones ; orbits complete. . . Equus, p. 198. 


Key of the Genera of Indian Bovide. 


a. Horns always present in both sexes, and set wide apart; occi- 
pital and frontal planes form an acute angle; muffle large; 
no antorbital pits ; four mamme; large and massive animals. 

Bos, p 123. 


si BOS. 123 


a*. Horns present in both sexes, but often markedly smaller in 
the females, set with their bases close to one another ; the 
occipital and frontal planes form an acute angle. 


6. Horns wrinkled and forming circles; no muffle ; small feet 
pits on all four feet ; antorbital pits present (except O. 
nahoor) ; basioccipital oblong with the posterior tubercles 
larger (except O. nahoor) ; four mamma. Ovis, p. 131. 


6?, Horns smooth and angular; no muffle; no antorbital pits; 
feet-pits if present, only on the fore-feet ; basioccipital wider 
in front, and the anterior tubercles larger ; two mammze 
(except C. jemlaica.) . : : - Capra, p. 142, 


J 
68, Horns rounded and small ; a small mufile present ; antorbital 
pits present ; feet-pits large ; four mamme. 
Nemorhzdus, p. 147. 


a’, Horns not always present in the females, placed on the crest 
of the frontals but generally some way apart at their bases ; 
the frontal and occipital planes hardly form an angle but a 
rounded surface ; generally four mamme ; antorbital pits 
always present. 


c. Horns smooth, in males only; muffle present; mammz 
four in number. 


d. Of large size ; horns short recurved ; a short erect mane, 
and a throat tuft in the male. . Boselaphus, p. 154. 
d®, Of small size ; horns four in number ; canines present 
in the males. - ‘: . Tetracerus, p. 168, 

c, Horns ringed ; no muffle; mammee two in number. 


e. Horns straight, long, annulated, in males only; no 
muffle ; no canines. 7 . Antilope, p. 162. 


é, Horns ringed, generally lyrate; if present in female, 
small. € 


J. An intermaxillary pouch present; no horns in 
' females ; no knee tufts. . Pantholops, p. 163. 


f*. No intermaxillary pouch; females often horned ; 
knee tufts generally present. Gazella, p. 157. 


c?, Horns gnu-like, spinging close together; muzzle bovine, 
no antorbital pits or feet-pits. .Budorcas, p. 151. 
Genus BOS. 


Bos Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p- 98 (1766). 
Bison, H, Smith Griffith An. Kingd., Vv; P- 373 (1827). 


124 MAMMALIA 


Bubalus, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 371 (1827). ~ 
Anoa, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 355 (1827). 

Bibos, Hodgson $. A. S. B., vi, p. 499 (1837). Type, B. gaurus. 
Poephagus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 153 (1843). _ Type, B. grunniens, 
Gavaeus, Hodgson ¥. A.S B., xvi, p. 706 (1847). Type, B. frontalis, 
Zebus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p. 283 (1860). Type, B. indicus. 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a. With smooth flattened horns never exceeding 3 feet in length; 
legs white ; hair always short; frontal bones concave. 


4. White of hind legs extends to rump, forming an anal patch ; 
tail long ; premaxillary bones reach and touch the nasals ; 
dorsal ridge not marked. . . B. sondaicus, p. 127. 


2, White colour confined to the legs, premaxillary bones do not 
reach the nasals ; dorsal ridge marked, 


c. No dewlap ; tail long; skull elongated. 
B. gaurus, p. 124. 


©, Dewlap present ; tail short; skull markedly triangular, 
B. frontalis, p. 126. 


a*. Horns cylindrical; nose hairy ; no dewlap, hump or dorsal 
ridge; body clothed in parts with very long hair; frontals 
convex. ‘i é . . B. grunniens, p. 128, 


a’. Horns very large and flattened, generally exceeding 3 feet in 
length; body very sparsely covered with hair; hoofs very 
large ; thirteen pairs of ribs. . . B. bubalus, p, 129. 


Bos gaurus. 


“ Gaour,” Geoffroy St. Hil. Mem. Mus. Paris., ix, p. 71 (1822). 

Bos——sp. “ Gour of India” Traill Edin. Philos. Four., xi, p. 334 (1824). 

Bos gaurus, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 399 (1827) ; Evans F. A. 
S. B., vi, p. 223; Pearson ibid, p. 225; Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 444; 
Cantor, ¥. A, S.B., xv, p. 272; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 336; Blanford 
F. A. S.B., xxxvi, p. 192; Blyth FA. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p- 47; 
McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 128; Pollok Sport in Brit. Burma, i, p. 99; 
Nevill Taprobanian, iii, p. 5; Inverarity F. Bomb. Soc., iv, p- 294. 

Bos gour and gayeeus, Hardwicke Zool. Fourn., iii, p. 233 (1828). 

Bibos subhemachalus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., vi, p. 499 (1837). 

Bibos cavifrons, Hodgson F. A. S. B., vi, p. 745 (1837) ; Elliot Madr. Fourn., 
X, p. 227, pls. v, vi; Hodgson $ A. S. B., x, pp. 449, 912; Horsfield 
Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 181. 

Bibos gaurus, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p.24 (1846) ; id. Cat. Mamm. 
B. M., iii, p. 32; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1889, p. 447. 


BOS. 125 


Bibos asseel, Horsjield Cat. E. 1. Mus. p. 181 (1851). 
Bibos frontalis, afud Thompson, P. Z. S., p. 96 (1852). . 
Gaveus gaurus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p. 282 (1860) ; Blyth Cat., p. 161; 


Ferdon Mamm., p. 301; Maingay P.A.S. B., 1868, p. 194; Sterndale 
Mamm. Ind., p. 481. 


The Bison or Gaur ; Gaur or Gourigai, Hind. ; Gaviya, Mahrathi; 
Jungli Khoolga, Deccan; Kar-kona, Canarese; Bod at Seone; 
Banparra at Mundlah; Vanago, Bengali; Katuyeni, Tamil; Ran- 
pado, Guzerati; Ran Hila, Bheels; Pyoung, Burma. 

Distribution.—The peninsula of India in forest tracts, from the 
Vindhyan Hills along the north of the Nerbudda (Jerdon) ; south- 
ward through Kandeish and the Western Ghats to Tinnevelly 
(Elliot) ; eastward through the Central Provinces and Chota Nag- 
pore almost to Midnapore (Jerdon) ; the Nepal terai (Hodgson); 
Assam; Tipperah. and Chittagong Hills; southwards through 
Burma (Blyth) to Malay peninsula (Cantor and Maingay) but not 
recorded from any of the Islands. 

It doubtless formerly occurred in Ceylon, since the Guavera of 
Knox’s description of Ceylon is doubtless the Gaur, and Major 
Forbes (Journal of Eleven Years’ residence in Ceylon, ii, p. 159) 


asserts that it was only at the beginning of the present century 
that it was exterpated. 


a. Skull,horns isha 
&, Skull,hornsQ Assam 
ce. Skull, horns 
d. Skull, horns 
e. Skull, horns 
Ff. Skull, borns 
g- Skull, horns 
hk. Skull, horns ¢ 
j» Skull, horns g 
&. Skull, horns 9 
i. Frontlet 
m. Skull, horns 
n. Frontlet é 
o. Skull, horns 
p- Skeleton, juv. 
skin. 
gq. Skeleton, juv. 
skin. 2 
7. Stuffed 2 
s. Stuffed é 
& 
g 


Gauhati, Assam 
Chybasa. 

Malacca 

Gauhati, Assam 
Burma 

Tipperah hills 
Chittagong hill tracts 
Chittagong dist. 
Chittagong hill tracts 
Chittagong hill tracts 


Chanda 

Chota Nagpore 

zt. Skeleton 

uw. Skeleton 

« Skull, horns 

w. Skull and 
skin of hea 

x Skull and 
horns. 

y. Pr. of horns ¢ 


seeeee 


Chota Nagpore 

9 Bhutan Dooars 

d. 

Chittagong hill tracts 


W. T. Blanford (1868). 

F. Jenkins (1844), A.S.B. 
No history, 

F. T. Pollok (1870). 

S. R. Tickell (1840), A.S.B. 
Dr. Maingay, (1863). 

F. T Pollock (1870). 

Sir A, Phayre, A.S.B. 

C. S. Guthrie (1862), A.S.B. 
Rev. J. Barbe, (1846) A.S.B. 
J. T. Jarbo (1879). ° 

. A, Campbell (1879). 

. T. Jarbo (1879). 

. T. Jarbo (1879). 
Zoological Gardens (1883). 


tn mat 


Zoological Gardens (1883). 


W. T. Blanford (1867). 
A. A. Kinloch (1883). A.S.B, 


Major Ousley (1840). 
Purchased, 1847, A.S.B. 
A. A. Kinloch, 1882. 

J. T. Jarbo, 1881. 


No history, A.S.B. 


126 MAMMALIA, 


Bos frontalis, 


Bos frontalis, Lambert Linn. Trans. vii, pp. 57 and 302, pl. iv (1804) 
Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1sted., p. 24; P. L. Sclater P.Z. S,, 1866, p. 1, 
pl.1; Blanford $. A. S. B., xxxvi, p.192; Blyth F. A. S.B., xliv, Burma 
List, p. 48; Pollok Sport in Brit, Burma, i, p.104; Farbo P. Z. S., 1883, 
Pp. 143; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 486. 

Bos gavzeus, Colebvoke As, Res., viii, p. 487, with plate (1805); Hodgson 
F.A.S. Buy %, Dp. 453. 

Bibos frontalis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 151 (1842) ; id Cat, Mamm. BM, 
iii, p. 31. : 

Bos sylhetanus, F, Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. 41, 42, with plate (1824); 
{hybrid with B, taurus]. 

Gaveus frontalis, Hodgson F.A. S. B., xvi, p. 706 (1847) ; [Blyth Cat., p. 
162; Horsjield Cat. E.I. Mus., p. 179; Blyth F. A. S. Buy xxix, p. 294; 
id. ibid, xxxi, p. 338. : 


The Gayal; Gavaye, Hind.; Gayal, Beng.; Shio of the Mughs 
of Chittagong; Mithana or Mithun of the Kookies; Johnguna, 
Burma. 

Distribution —From Akyab northwards through the Arakan and 
Chittagong hills, extending through Tipperah and Munipur to the 
Naga hills; also found in the Duffla hills north of the Brahma- 

ootra, 

The Gayal is distinguished from the Gaur (B. gaurus) by its 
heavier and more clumsy build, by the possession of a well-deve- 
loped dewlap and shorter tail; the horns of the Gayal are horizon- 
tal and very nearly straight; they are quite black, contrasting with 
the greenish horns of the Gaur; the skull too of the Gayal con- 
trasts strongly with that of the Gaur by its very much more trian- 
gular shape ; the concavity of the frontal bones, which is so marked 
a feature in the Gaur’s skull, exists also in the Gayal though not 
nearly in so marked a way ; in the'median line of the skull between 
the horns there is in the Gaur a distinct ridge which is quite un- 
represented in the Gayal. 

The Banteng (Bos sondaicus) is at once distinguished from the 
Gayal and the Gaur by the extension of the white of the hind legs 
up to the rump; it has a moderate dewlap anda long tail, and the 
dorsal ridge so conspicuous a feature of the Gaur and Gayal is 
much less developed in the Banteng, 

The Gayalis always found in a semi-domestic state belonging to 
different villages of the numerous hill tribes on the Assam frontier, 
such as the Nagas and Kookis; they roam about the forest all day 
but always return to the hill tribes’ villages at night, and there is 
considerable doubt as to whether the Gayal ever occurs in a true 
feral state. 

The older writers seem to have had no doubt on the subject. 
Colebrooke (see above) says it is found wild in the Chittagong, 
Tipperah and Sylhet hills, and he also mentions that the animal is 
brown and has a well-developed dewlap, thus showing that he was 
not confusing the Gayal with the Gaur which also occurs in the 


BOS, 127 


same country, and one of whose distinguishing features is the 
absence of a dewlap; Blyth in his earlier writings also seems to 
have believed in the wild Gayal; later, however, (Mammals of 
Burma) he seems to have come to the conclusion that the Gayal 


was a purely domestic race, in which view he is supported by 
Jarbo and Anderson, 


a. Skull, horns No history. 
6. Skull, horns ‘i No history. 
e, Skull, juv. @ sass E. Blyth, 1857, A.S.B. 
horns, 
d. Skull,horns estes W. Hodge, 1870. 
e. Skull,horns@# aaa a R. W. G. Frith, 1850, A.S.B. 
f. Skull, horns. tonnes R, W. G, Frith, 1851, A.S.B- 
juv. 
(hybrid) 
g. Skeleton, Q intiees Zoological Gardens, 1880, 
skin. 
juv. 
h. Skeleton @ Chittagong Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
(hybrid) 
j. Stuffed juv. tonnes W. Rutledge. 
k& Skull, horns woeuae E. Blyth, 1857, A.S.B. 
(dom. var.) 
1. Skin, skull Q sehnee Zoological Gardens, 1889. 
m, Skin, skull ities No history, A.S.B. 


Bos sondaicus, 


“ Banteng” Raffles Hist. of Fava, i., p. 111 (1817). 

Bos leucoprymnus, Quoy et Gaimard Astrolobe Zoologie, i. py 140 (1830) 
(hybrid with B. taurus]. 

Bos sondaicus, Schlegel and Miller Tem. Verhandl., p. 195, pls. xxxv to 
xxxix (1840) ; Blyth ¥. A. S.B., xi, p. 445; Blyth F. A.S. B., xxxi, py 
336; Blyth F. A. S.B., «liv, Burma List, p. 48; Pollok Sport in Brit. 
Burma, i, p. 105. 

Bibos banteng, Gray Knowsley Menagerie, p. 48 (1850)* ; Horsfield Cat, E, 
I. Mus., p. 183; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 35. 

Gavzus sondaicus, Blyth, ¥. A.S, B., xxix, p. 296 (1860); id. Cat., p. 160; 
McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 131; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 488. 


The Banteng; Tsoing, Burmese. 

Distribuiton.—From Arrakan (Blyth) southwards though Burma 
(Pollok) to the Malay peninsula, and in the Islands of Java, Bali 
(Raffles) and Borneo (Miiller). 

The horns of the Banteng are more rounded in section than those 
of the Gaur and Gayal, and their circumference is much less in 
proportion to their length as will be seen by the table of measure- 
ments below; the colour of the horns are greenish with black tips. 
The skull is long, resembling that of the Gaur in general shape 
rather than that of the Gayal; the forehead is much flatter than 
that of the Gayal and Gaur, and the premaxillary bones reach and 
touch the nasals, while in the Gour and Gayal there is a gap of 
about an inch between these two bones. 


128 MAMMALIA. 


Measurements in inches of Skulls and Horns of adult Gaur, Gayal and 


Banteng. 
Gaur. Gayal. Banteng. 
Across the forehead from 
the bases of the horns . 9 1 1k 
From frontoparietal ridge 
to tip of nasals_. i 19 15 144 
Across from orbit to orbit. il gt 8t 
Horns, circumference at 
base . o ° ° 17 163 113 
Horns, outside curve . 31 16 20 
as inside curve . 22 15 16 
a. Skull and Java? Prince Henry of the Netherlands, 
~ horns. 1837, A.S.B. 
é. Skull and Java Batavian Soc., 1844, A.S.B. 
horns. 
c. Skull and Upper Pegu Sir A. Phayre, 1849, A.S.B. 
horns. 
ad. Skull and Upper Pegu Sir A. Phayre, 1849, A.S.B. 
horns. 
e. Skull and ¢ soeses Zoological Gardens, 1885, A.S.B. 
horns. juv. 
Jf. Skin, ske- g teanes W. Rutledge, 1881, 
leton. juv. 
g. Skin, ske- g texhies Zoological Gardens, 1885. 
leton. 
h, Skulland ¢ ery Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. 
horns. 
j. Skin,ske- Q@ Pegu W. Rutledge, 1881. 
leton. juv. 
&. Skin, ske- ¢ sie W. Rutledge, 1881. 
leton, juv. 


Bos grunniens, 


Bos grunniens, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 99 (1766); Radde Ost Si- 
berien, p. 272; Severtzoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 336 ; Kinloch 
Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 5, with plate. 

Bos poephagus, H. Smith in Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 404 (1827); Pallas 
Zoog. Ross. As., p. 248, pl. xxii; Hutton and Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 143. 

Bison poephagus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, pp. 449, 912 (1841); Gray. Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll,, tst ed., p. 25; Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 708. 

Poephagus grunniens, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 153 (1843); Blyth Cat., 
p- 158; Horsfield Cat, E. I. Mus., p. 184; Gray P. Z. S., 1853, pl. xxxv, 
p- 191; id. Cat. Mamm. B, M., iii, p. 40; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 529; 
Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 489. 


The Yak; Donkh, Tibetan; Bunchowr, Hind. 


_ Disiribution.—The Mountains of Central Asia, seldom descend- 
ing much below 6,000 ft. Hodgson describes it as being found 
from the Altai to the Himalayas. 


BOS. 129 


The domestic variety is found in Transbaikalia (Radde), Tur- 
kestan (Severtzoff), and all through Mongolia and Thibet whence 
it is used for bringing marchandize across the high passes of the 
Himalayas to India. 

The wild variety is recorded by Horsfield as having been shot by 
Captain (now General) Strachey in Ladak. Adams also gives an 
account of shooting wild yaks on the southern slopes of the Kara- 
korum Mountains, ze., in Ladak; Kinloch gives the valley of the 
Chang Chenmo as the most likely locality for a sportsman to kill 
yak ; Przewalsky records wild yaks on the northern part of the 
‘Thibetan plateau and they probably occur all over the higher 
parts of Thibet. 


a. Skull and horns No history, A.S.B. 


6. Sknllandhorns Sikkim W. Rutledge, 1870. 

c. Skeleton eT oT Rajah R, Mullick, 
(dom. var.) 

ad, Skeleton 2 Saas Rajah R. Mullick. 
(dom. var.) 

e. Stuffed é einen E. Smyth, 1862, A.S.B. 
(wild var.) 

J. Skull and horns eeaies No history, A.S.B. 

g. Skull and horns sete Purchased at Almora, 1888, 
(wild var.) 

A, Skull and horns ‘eine W. Rutledge, 1889. 
(dom, var.) 


Bos bubalus. 


Bos bubalis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 99 (1766). 

Bos bubalus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 206 (1788); Hutton ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 
142. 

Bos arnee, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p.336 (1792)*; Cantor $.A.S.B., xv, 
p- 273, Gray P. Z.S., 1855, pl. xl [horns] p. 17. 

Bos buffelus, Blumenbach Handb. Naturges., 1oth ed., p. 121 (1821)*; 


Blanford F. A. S. B., Xxkvi, p. 195. 

Bubalus arna, Hodgson $. A. S. B., x, pp. 469, 912 (1841); Ferdon Mamm., 
p. 307; Hodgson F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 709; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus, p.179; 
Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 49; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 490. 

Bubalus buffelus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 152 (1843); Gray Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll., ist ed., p. 25; Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 709; Blyth F. A. S. B., 
xx, p. 175; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 178; Kelaart Prodr, Faun, 
Zeylan., p. 87; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M,, iii, p. 25; Blyth F. ALS. B., 


xxxi, p. 340; id. Cat, p. 163. 


The Buffalo; Bhainsa (Domestic Race), Arna, Urna or Jangli 
bhyns (Wild Race), Hind.; Mung at Bhagulpore; Geraerumi, 
Gond; Mee harak, Singalese ; Kywai, Burmese. 

Distribution.—In low lands and swampy places, never in moun- 
tains; Assam and Ganges valley including the Nepal terai (Hodg- 
son) and the Sunderbunds. In the peninsula of India from the 
Ganges southwards to the Godavery River (Jerdon), and westwards 
to the Weinagunga River and Mandla (Blanford); it is also 

K 


130 MAMMALIA. 


found in the northern and eastern districts of Ceylon (Kelaart). 
It seems very doubtful whether the wild buffalo of Burma and 
Indo-China is truly feral or merely the escaped domestic animal. 

Domesticated, the buffalo is found in Italy, Hungary, Turkey, 
Egypt, and all through Western Asia to Afghanistan, all over India, 
Burma, the Malay peninsula and in most of the Islands where an 
Albino variety. is often met with, 


a. Skull, horns 9 sane No history. 

6. Skull, horns 9 eesines F. Mouat, 1859, A.S.B. 

c. Skull, horns 2 vehi N. Wallich, 1816, A.S.B. 
d. Skull, horns 2 " N. Wallich, 1816, A.S.B, 
e. Skull, horns ¢ No history. 

Jf. Skull, horns g No history. 

g- Skull, horns ¢ eatise'e No history. 

A. Skull, horns ¢ Bois No history. 

j» Skull, horns @ Kove Sir J. Barlow, 1856, A.S.B. 
&. Skull, horns @ aaa No history. 

Z, Skull, horns g Kalibar, Central Assam J. Hamilton, 1879. 
m. Skull, horns g aaaene N. Wallich, 1816, A.S.B. 
n. Skull, horns #@ Assam Major Brodie, 1848, A.S.B. 
o. Skull, horns ¢ Assam Major Brodie, 1848, A S.B. 
p- Skeleton Q Purneah A. Weekes, 1881, 

gq. Skeleton ¢ Purneah J. L. Shillingford, 1881. 

7. Head, horns oabene No history. 

s. Head, horns Sudiya, Assam Col. Graham, 1877. 

z. Head, horns 9 dese No history. 

u. Head, horns ¢ daaiies No history. 


Bos depressicornis. 


Anoa depressicornis, H. Smith in Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 203 (1827); 
Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 29; Everett P. Z. S., 1878, p. 792, 
Meyer ibid, p. 881 ; Bartlett, ibid, p. 882. 

Antelope depressicornis, Quoy et Gaimard Ann. Sci. Nat. (1), xvii, pl. xx; 
P- 423 (1829); id. Astrolobe Zoologie, i, p. 136, pl. xxvi. 


Disirtbution.—The Island of Celebes. 


a. Skin, skull 9 juv. dea’ Zoological Gardens (1881). 
and bones 

6. Skin, skull gjuv. Celebes Zoological Gardens (1880). 

Z and bones. 

¢. Skin, skull Q juv. sveue Zoological Gardens (1880). 
and bones. 

d. Skin, skull Q assis Zoological Gardens (1882). 
and body. 

Bos caffer. 


Bos caffer, Sparrman NXongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., xl, p. 79 (1779). 
Bubalus caffer, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 153 (1843); id. Cat. Mamm. 
B.M., ii, p. 28; Elyth Cat., p. 164. 


OVIS. 131 


Distrtbution.—South Africa replaced in West Africa by B. 
pumilus and in East and Central Africa by B. aequinoctalis of Blyth 
to which perhaps specimens “‘b” and ‘“c” should be referred. , 


a. Skull and horns 
6. Horns o juv. 
c. Skeleton Q juv. 


E. Blyth, 1864, A.S.B. 
W. S. Sherwill, 1844, A.S.B. 
Zoological Gardens, 1878, 


Bos americanus. 


Bos americanus, Gmelin Syst. Nat.,i., p. 204 (1788). 

Bison americanus, H. Smith Griffith An, Kingd., iv, p. 401, with plate (1827) ; 
Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M,, iti, p. 38; Allen. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., iv, 
no, 10. 


The American Buffalo. 

Distribution —F¥ ormerly spread over the plains of North America 
from the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains, now nearly extinct 
and confined to the remoter districts of Saskatchawan, Montana 
and perhaps Texas. 


a. Skeleton, skin 9 oeenee W. Rutledge (1881). 
6. Skeleton, skin Q oneses Babu H. M. Roy (1881). 
ce. Skull (no horns) waa H, A. Ward [Ex.] (1889). 


Bos taurus. 


Bos taurus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 98 (1766); Blyth Cats p. 159. 
Bos indicus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 99 (1766). 
Zebus gibbosus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p, 282 (1860) ; id. Catz., p. 159, 


Distribution.—The Indian. humped race are unknown in an 
aboriginal state, but are suspected by Blyth to have originated in 
South Africa rather than in Asia ; they are found in a domestic state 
all over the hotter parts of Africa as far as Natal, in Madagascar, 
Arabia, South Persia (Blanford), Beluchistan, all over India, and 
through Indo-China as far as Japan ; also in many of the Islands. 


a, Skeleton 2 iin “ Australian dom. race.” 
& Skeleton aes ‘ No history. 
ce. Skull 9 ste ‘English polled race.” 


Genus OVIS. 


Ovis, Linneus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 97 (1766). 

Ammotragus, Blyth P. Z. S., p. 13 (1840). Type, O. tragelaphus. 
Pseudois, Hodgson F. A. S. B., Xv. p. 343 (1846). Zype, O. nahoor, 
Caprovis, Hodgson F. A. S. B., Xvi, p. 702 (1847). Zyse,O. musimon, 


The Wild Sheep may be divided into three groups, the larger 
sheep of Central Asia which also reach North America, and the 


K 2 


132 MAMMALIA, 


smaller sheep distributed through Western Asia and the Mediter- 
ranean regions, and thirdly, two forms forming a link with the Goats, 
Ovis nahoor and Ovis tragelaphus. 
Of the larger group the Museum possesses examples of three 
distinct species, z.e., Ovis poli, O. hodgsoni, and O. canadensis. 
Besides these three the following have been described :-— 


(1) Ovisammon, Linnaeus (—/®goceros argali, Pallas.) 
(2) Ovis nivicola, Eschscholtz, 

(3) Qvis jubata, Peters. 

(4) Ovis heinsii, Severtzoff. 

(5) Ovis nigrimontana, Severtzoff. 

(6) Ovis karelini, Severtzoff. 

(7) Ovis brookei, Ward. 


Ovis ammon is found in Eastern Siberia, but is apparently very 
rare in Siberia itself, having been driven southwards by the Cossack 
sportsmen ; itis very nearly allied to Ovis hodgsoni of Thibet from 
which it seems to be distinguished only by the entire absence of a 
mane or fringe of long hair on the neck, while O. hodgsoni has a 
well developed white mane on either side and below the neck, and 
a short gray mane along the dorsal surface of the neck; the anal 
patch affords no distinguishing-character. 

Ovis jubata, from Mongolia north of Pekin, seems very nearly 
allied to O. ammon. 

Ovis nigrimontana seems to belong to the same type as O. am- 
mon. 

Ovis karelini and O. heinsii both seem to resemble O., poli of 
Blyth very strongly. 

Ovis nivicola from Kamschatska is nearly allied to the Ameri- 
can species, Ovis canadensis from the northern form of which 
it seems doubtfully distinct. It is quite distinct from O. ammon, 
Finally, Ovis brookei might well be a young O. hodgsoni of per- 
haps a hybrid between O. hodgsoni and O. vignei as suggested by 
Sterndale (Journ. Bomb. N. H., Soc. i, p. 35). 

There seem to be, therefore, three different types of large wild 
sheep in Asia with several geographical races :— 


(1) Ovis ammon from East Siberia represented in Mantchuria by 
oO. jubata, i in Thibet by O. hodgsoni, andin Turkestan by 
O. nigrimontana? 


(2) Ovis poli of the Pamir represented by O. karelini in the 
Thian Shan. 


(3) Ovis nivicola of Kamschatska. 


Key of the Indian Species. 


. A distinct antorbital pit present. 


OVIS, 133 


é. Large forms with enormous horns ef which the points are 
always, directed more or less horizontally away from each 
other; with antorbital pit very shallow. 


c. Space between the horn cores flat; the horns describe a 
complete circle at least; and the proportion of their 
basal circumference to their total length is as 1-3, 

O. poli, p. 133. 


c?, Space between the horn cores concave; the horns seldom 
describe a complete circle and are very massive at the 
base, z.e., the proportion of the basal circumference to the 
total length of the hornisas 1-2 . O. hodgsoni, p. 136. 


&. Smaller forms with smaller horns, with generally converg- 
ing points and a deep antorbital pit. 


d. Horns with points hardly converging, with the fronto. 
orbital edge much rounded; beard and mane very 
small; animal more or less reddish. O, vignii, p. 139. 


d®, Horns with converging points, fronto-orbital edge sharp ; 
beard and mane markedly developed. 
O. cycloceros, p. 138. 


° 


a, No antorbital pits .. ‘ . . ©. nahoor, p. 140. 


Ovis poli. 

Ovis polii, Blyth P. Z.S., p 62 (1840); id. ¥. A. S. B, x, p. 858; id. Ann. 
Mag. N. H., vii, pl. v, fig. 1-4; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 176 ; Sclaten 
P.Z.S., 1860, p. 443 ; Severtsoff Turk. Fevnot, pp. 84-102, 149, pls. ii, ili, v, 
figs. 1-2, vi, fig. 1; Stolicska P.Z.S., 1874, p. 425, pl. hii; Sir V. Brooke and 
B. Brooke P. Z. S., 1875, p. §14; Biddulph ibid, p. 157; Blanford ibid, 
p. 540; Grote P. Z.S., 1876, p. 414; Severtzoft Ann. Mag. N.H. (4) xviii, 
pp. 171, 210 & 220; Przewalsky, Peters. Mitth. Erzb., xii 1878, pp. 5, 
17; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 83; Biddulph P. A. S. B,, 1879, 
p. 280; Scully P. Z.S., 1881, p. 209; Blanford P. Z. S., 1884, p. 326, with 


figures. ie é 
Ovis karelini, Severtzoff Turk. Fevnot, pp. 84-102, 149, pls. i, iv, figs. 3-4,vi, 

figs. 3-4; id. Ann. Mag. N. 4. (4), xviii, pp. 171, 210, 217 ; Sir V. Brooke 

and B. Brooke P. Z. S., 1875, p. 512; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 80. 


Distribution.—This large sheep was first found on the Pamir 
where its occurrence is mentioned by Marco Polo (Yule’s edition, i, 
pp. 18, 185, 2nd ed, 1875); it was first obtained by Wood near 
the sources of the Amu Daria and has also been obtained thence 
by Lockhart (I. M.) and Charles Ellis (Blanford) ; it also occurs 
inthe Thian Shan Range and all round Lake Issyk (Stoliczka and 
Severtzoff), Itis noted from the Juldus valley on the north and the 
Altyntag on the south of the Gobi by Przewalsky. Scully asserts 
that it must be considered an Indian animal since it occurs as far 
south as the Shimshal Pamir just north of Gilgit and south of the 


Mustagh Range. 


134 MAMMALIA. 


There are, as can be seen from the list below in the Musum col- 
lection, examples of both the typical Ovis poli from the Pamir, 
and also of the smaller form from the Thian Shan, described as 
Ovis karelini by Severtzoff. 

After reading Severtzoft’s description of the two species (O. poli 
and O. karelini) and comparing the descriptions with the specimens 
in the Museum, it is imposible to make out any real differences 

- between the two except that of size. 

Below is a summary of the chief differences between Ovis poli 

and Ovis karelini as given by Severtzoff loc. cit. :— 


Ovis poli. Ovis karelini. 

Horns.—Nuchal edge notround- | All edges rounded. 
ed. 

Orbital surface con- | Orbital surface flat. 
cave. 

Horns four times the | Horns only three times the 
length of the skull. length of the skull. 

Terminal axis of horns | Terminal axis of the horns 
ae or less horizon- parallel to the basal axis. 
tal. 

Cone formed by the | Cone formed by the horn-spiral 
horn-spiral, narrow- with its base towards the 
ing towards the skull, skull. 

z.e., base outwards. 

Skulls.—Premazxille do notarti- | Neither premaxille, maxillze or 
culate with the nasals lacrymals articulate with the 
and the maxille are nasals. 
separated by small 
bones. 

Lacrymals protrude Lacrymals very large and 
forward beyond the square, wider than the malars, 


malars, and both 
articulate with the 
maxilla by serrated 

sutures. 
Skins.—Mane pure white. Mane white, shaded with grav, 
Light brown of back | Light brown of back separat- 
shades into the white ed from the white of belly 


of belly. by a dark line. 
White patch of tail | Light brown of back shades off 
marked and separat- to tail, forming a not well 


ed from the light defined patch. 
brown of back by a 
dark line. 


° 


Taking these characters one by one in our specimens— 
(1) The nuchal edge is most rounded in the largest specimen 


OVIS. 135 


“m” in the list, in the other skulls it seems to get 
rather sharper as the skull gets younger, so that the 
sharpness or roundedness of the nuchal edge appears 
to be a character due purely to age. 

(2) In all the Museum specimens the orbital surface is flat or 
even rather convex, never concave. 

(3) In the two Pamir specimens the length of the horns are in 
both cases considerably more than four times the 
length of the skull, and in the Thian Shan specimens 
the largest is considerably less. This character, how- 
ever, seems to be due to the fact that both the 
Pamir specimens were selected; being chosen from 
among many others seen lying about on the Pamir on 
account of the size of their horns, while the specimens 
from the Thian Shan were shot and brought into the 
mission so that heads of only average size were got. 

(4) The axes of the horns can hardly be considered a charac- 
ter of much value as has also been shown by Blanford 
tom. cit., since in the case of one head from the Thian 
Shan range the horn on one side is very much more 
horizontal than that on the other. 

(5) With regard to the cones formed by the horn spiral as far 

. as it is possible to judge, in both Pamir and Thian 
Shan species, the cone has its base towards the skull. 

(6) Neither premaxillz, maxillee or lacrymals really articulate 
with the nasais, in all cases they are separated by a small 
piece of bone which generally drops out of the skull. 

(7) The lacrymals are not square nor are they wider than the 
malars in any of the skuils in the Museum Collec- 
tion. 

There are only skins of the Thian Shan form in the Museum ; 
there are no skins of the true Pamir forms, as far as Iam 
aware, in any European or other Museum; with regard to our 
skins— 

(8) The mane is pure white below and laterally; dorsally, 
in all cases but one, it is mixed with gray; the one 
exception being what appears to be the oldest 
animal. 

(9) In none of the skins can a dark brown lateral line be seen 
separating the light brown of the back from the dirty 
yellow of the belly. 

(10) The white patch on the tail is very well marked in all 
the skins except the old male mentioned above, where 
the change of colour is not so abrupt. 

In the females there is little or no mane and the anal patch 

neither marked nor large. 

The above I think is sufficient to justify the combination of 
the Pamir typical forms and Thian Shan specimens brought back 


136 MAMMALIA. 


by the Yarkand Expedition, under the name of Ovis poli, even 
if the sheep described by Severtzoff as Ovis karelini should turn 
out to really differ from the typical Ovis poli of the Pamir. 


a, Skin} skull, g or. Kashgar. F, Stoliczka, 1877. 
horns. 

b. Skin, skull, g ,, » F. Stoliczka, 1877. 
horns. 

c. Skiv, skull, ,, rr F_ Stoliczka, 1877. 
horns. 

d. Skin,skull,g ,, i F. Stoliczka, 1877. 
horns. 

e. Skin, skull,? ,, 5s F. Stoliczka, 1877. 
horns. 

f. Skin, skull, 9 ,, 0 F. Stoliczka, 1877. 
horns. 

g. Skin,skull,? ,, in F. Stoliczka, 1877. 
horns. 

kh. Skin, D. 4 i F. Stoliczka, 1877. 
(no head.) 

j. Stuffed ¢ ,, mT F. Stoliczka, 1877. 

k. Head 25 3 F. Stoliczka, 1877. 
stuffed. 

1, Skeleton Js es F, Stoliczka, 1877. 
(no skull.) 

m. Skull and g Hunza, nr. Gilgit J. Biddulph, 1879. , 
horns. 

n. Skull and g Tagdanbash, Pamir Sir W. S. A. Lockhart, 1886. 
horns. 

v. Skull and g bags No history, A. S. B. 
horns. juv. 

p Skull andg wad ba No history, A. S. B. 
horns. juv. 

g. Skin and@Q nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1877. 
skull, 


Ovis hodgsoni. 


Ovis nayaur, Hodgson As. Res., xviii, pt. 2, p. 135, with plate (1833) [pt-] 

Ovis hodgsoni, Blyth P. Z. S., p. 65 (1840); P. L. Sclater P. Z.S., 1860, p. 
129; Sir V. Brooke and B. Brooke, P. Z. S., 1875, p. 520. 

Ovis ammon6ides, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, pp. 230, 913 (1841); id. ibid, xv, 
p: 338; Hutton F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 568. 

Caprovis argali, var 2, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 174 (1852); Adams 
P.Z. S., 1858, p- 527. 

Ovis ammon, apud Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 176 (1851); Blyth Cat., 
p.177; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 19 with plate of head; Blan- 
ford ¥. A. S. B., xli, p. 40. 

Ovis brookei, Ward P. Z.S., p. 143 (1874); Sir V. Brooke and B. Brooke 

P. Z.S., 1875, p. §21; Sterndale $. Bomb. Soc., i, ps 35» 


The Ammon; Nyan or Gnow, Tibetan. 

Distribution,—The Nyan has been got chiefly from Ladak 
(Kinloch) and the country north of Gurwhal, and by Hodgson from 
the higher region of the Himalayas north of Nepal and Sikkim. 


OVIS. 137 


With regard to the distinctions between this species and the 
other two of which there are examples in the Museum, the skull 
differs from that of O. poli but slightly, in O. hodgsoni there is a 
very marked depression between the bases of the horn cones on 
the forehead, while the space is quite flat in O. poli; the great differ- 
ence, however, is in the horns, while those of O. hodgsoni are 
enormously massive at the base, they are never very long, 7e., 
they describe a little more than half a circle when viewed laterally, 
while those of O. poli are considerably more slender at their 
bases and the older ones describe a complete circle when viewed 
laterally ; the proportions of the circumference at the base to the 
total length measured along the frontal surface is as follows in 
typical specimens :—O. hodgsoni, circumference of the horn at the 
base, 17 inches; length of horn, 30 inches; O. poli, circumference, 
15 inches ; length, 50 inches. 

The horns of Ovis canadensis are of much the same external 
form as those of O. hodgsoni as far as the curves are concerned, 
they differ, however, markedly in being almost smooth and not 
marked by the very conspicuous transverse furrows and ridges 
present in the horns of both O. poli and O. hodgsoni; the 
nuchal edge in O. canadensis is very much rounded, much more 
so than in the largest and oldest horns of Q. poli, and the nuchal 
surface is also markedly rounded instead of being flat as in O. 
hodgsoni and O. poli; in the skull the premaxille and nasal 
bones are much shorter than in those of the Asiatic Argalis and 
they are distinctly articulated the one with the other, which is not 
the case with the Asiatic forms. 

Altogether the Asiatic and American forms seem very distinct. 


a. Skull andg Sauk G, T. Lushington? A, S. B. 
horns. 
6. Skull and aaa No history. 
horns. 
ce. Skull andg@ aaa No history, 
horns. 
ad. Skeleton ¢ cos eee G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. 
e. Stuffed ¢@ aeeoes G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. 
Ff. Head andg saree No history. 
horns. 
g. Skin andQ uae 'W. T._Blanford, 1870. 
skull. 
h. Skull Q Thibet? No history, A. B. S. 
j. Skeleton Q  ————uaaaae No history, A. B. S. 
k. Head andg uae Capt. Michell. 
horns. 
1. Skin,skull g¢ btw. Ladak and Kukchu N. Elias, 1879. 


and horns, 15,000 ft. 


Ovis canadensis. 


Ovis canadensis, Shaw Nat. Misc., xv, pl. 610 (1804); Biddulph P. Z.S., 
1885, p. 678. 


138 MAMMALIA, 


Ovis montana, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., 1st ed., i, p. 267 (1817). 

Ovis cervina, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxi, p. §53 (1818); Alston 
Biol. Centr. Am. Mamm., p. iii. < 

Ovis pygargus H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 318, with plate (1827). 

Ovis californianus, Douglas Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 332 (1828). 


The American Bighorn. 

Distribution.—The American Bighorn is found along the whole 
range of the Rocky Mountains on both the eastern and western 
slopes, from 68° N. as far as Sonora about 31° N.; it is also found 
in all the lesser ranges along the Eastern Pacific coast from Alaska 
to California. 

It seems probable that there are two species, or, at any rate, races 
-of bighorns ; the northern one much resembling O. nivicola, the 
-Kamschatkan wild sheep, and a southern one. (See Guillimard 
P. Z. S., 1885, p. 675. and Biddulph Z. c.) 


a, Skin, skull g isis H. A. Ward [Ex.], 1887. 
and horns. 

6, Skin, skull 9 weieide H. A. Ward [Ex.], 1887. 
and hornss 


Ovis cycloceros. 


Ovis cycloceros, Hutton Calc. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 514, pl. xix (1842); id. 
F.A.S.B., xv, p.15§2; P.L.Sclater P. Z. S., 1860, p.128, woodcut and pl., 
Ixxx ; Blyth Cat., p.177; Ferdon Mamm., p. 294; Kinloch Large Game 
Shooting, i, p. 29, with plate of head ; Blanford Persia, p. 87: Murray Zool. 
Sind, p. 59; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 435; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2),v, 


p- 63. 
Ovis vignei, apud Blyth P.Z.S., p.70 (3840); Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., 
iii, p. 172; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus.,p.175; Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 526. 


The Oorial; Guch @, Mish 9, Persian; Huriar, or Orial, Pun- 
jab; Kuch in Suliman range ; Koh-i-poombur, Afghan. 

Distribution.—From the Punjab Salt Range and the Suleiman 
Range, especially round Peshawur, southwards to Sind and west- 
wards to the Parapamisus Range, and to Gwadar in Beluchistan 
and possibly to Shiraz (Blanford) ; Astrabad in Northern Persia 
(Beresford Lovett); this sheep is generally found at lower eleva- 
tions than the other wild sheep and in places where the heat is very 
excessive in summer. 


a. Skull, horns g Astrabad, N. Persia B. Lovett, 1885. 


6. Head, stuffed Jalk, Beluchistan W. T. Blanford, 1877. 
and skin 

c. Skull, horns g heosiee W. Theobald, A. S. B, 

d, Skull, horns g eieaee W. Theobald, A. S. B. 

e. Skull, horns ¢ Punjab W. T. Blanford. 

f. Skull, horns ileus A.S.B. 

g. Skull,and 9 estas W. Theobald, A. S. B. 
horns. 


A. Skull, horns g Afghanistan P Purchased, 1871. 


OVIS. 139 


je Stell horns, @ Khawja, Afghan. J.E.T. Aitchison, 1886, 
skin. 
A Skeleton suenee Zoological, Gardens, 1882. 
Z. Skin, skull 9 Dizak, Beluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 
: 23°3-72. 
m. ? Skin, skull Shiraz, Persia Sir O. St. John. 
juv. 
m. Skin, skull 9 aaa A.S.B. 
v. Skull,and ¢ British Beluchistan E. J. Jones, 1889. 


horns. 


Ovis vignii. 

Ovis vignii, Blyth P. Z.S., p. 70 (1840); Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, 
p- 581; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M,, iii, p.172; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., 
p. 175; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 526; P. L Sclater P. Z.S., 1860, p. 127, 
wood.-cut and pl. Ixxix; Scully P. Z. S., 1881, p. 209; Sterndale Mamm. 
Ind., p. 435. i 

Ovis montana, apud Cunningham Ladak, p. 199, pl. vii (1854). 


Shapoo, Ladak ; Sha, Thibet ; Oorin, Astor district. 

Distribution.—Western Thibet and Ladak (Kinloch) extending 
to Gilgit (Scully). 

There was formerly considerable confusion with regard to the 
distinctions between this sheep and the Oorial; for some time they 
were considered identical until Sclater 7, c. showed the distinctions 
between the two; the one (Ovis vignii) occurring only, as far as is 
known, in Ladak and the upper valley of the Indus; the other 


having a wider distribution extending from the Punjab throughout 
Afghanistan. 


a, Skin, skull g Ladak (Strachey) ? India Mus., London. 
horns. 
? & Skull 2 


veneee A.S. B. 
juv. 


Ovis gmelini, 


Ovis gmelini, Blyth P. Z.S., p. 69 (1840) ; Blanford Persia, p.87; Danford 
and Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 276; id. P. Z. S., 1880, p. 55, with 6 figs. 
Ovis orientalis, apud Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., pp. 5) 29 

(1840); Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 172. 
? Ovis anatolica, Valenciennes Comptes Rend., xliii, p. 65 (1856). 


Distribution.—The Elburz Mountains (Blanford), Erzeroom 
(Blyth), the northern slopes of the Taurus, and central parts of Asia 
Minor (Danford). 


a. Frontlet ait No history, A. S. B. 


& Skull and  ——auuees No history, A. S. B. 
horns. 

c. Skull and g¢ Shameran Mts,, N. of W. T. Blanford. 
horns. Teheran. 


d. Stuffed ¢ deat W. Rutledge (1869). 


T4oO MAMMALIA, 


e. Stuffed 4 segane No history. 
f. Skin and juv. ai iaies No history. 
skull. 


Ovis nahoor. 


? Ovis nayaur, Hodgson As. Res., xviii, p. 135, with plate (1833) [ pt. J 

Ovis nahoor, Hodgson P. Z. S., p. 197 (1834) ; Bicheno P. Z. S., 1838, p. 79; 
Blyth P.Z. S., 1840, p. 66; Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, pp. 231, 913; id. ibid., 
xi, p. 283; P.L. Sclater P.Z. S., 1860, p. 129; Blyth Cat., p.178; Ferdon 
Mamm. p. 296; KinlochiLarge Game Shooting, i, p. 25; with plate; Blan- 
ford Ff. A. S.B., xii, p. 40; Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., p. 357, pls. 
Ixviii, Ixix; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 85. pl. xiv. 

Ovis burrhel, Blyth P, Z. S., p.67 (1840); id. Ann. Mag. N. ZH, vii, pl. v, 
fig. 7. 

Pseudais nahoor, Hodgson ¥. A. S B., xv, p. 343 (1846) ; Gray Cat. Mamm. 

B. M., iii, p.177; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 176; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, 

Pp. 527; Prewalski Peters. Mitth. Engb., xii, 1878, p.17; Lydekker F. A. 

S. B., xlix, p. 131. 


The Burrhal; Na, Sna or Gnao in Western Thibet; Nirvati, 
Nepal ; Wa in Sutlej district. 

Distribution Himalayas ‘from the Nubra Valley, Ladak, 
(Adams) to Sikkim (Hodgson) ; also the Kuenlun (Stoliczka) Altyn 
Tagh south of Lob Nor (Prewalski) and Moupin, Eastern Tibet 
(Pére David); it is generally found high up, seldom descend- 
ing to the level of the forests. 

This is a very interesting form since it is in many ways a link 
between the genera Capra and Ovis; this has been specially 
noticed by Lydekker (J. ¢.) 

Among its Caprine characters are the absence of any trace of 
the antorbital pits, the shape of the basioccipital which resem- 
bles that of a goat in that the anterior tubercles are the larger than 
the posterior ones, while in the case of the sheep the reverse is the 
case, and the horns which have a slight tendency to the upward 
spiral so characteristic of the Markhor. 

Among the Ovine characters are the absence of any odour, no 
trace of a mane or beard, and presence of interdigital pores on 
all the feet. * 

Ovis cylindricornis, which was described by Blyth (P. Z, S.,1840, 
p. 68) many years ago from a single head from the Caucasus, has 
recently been redescribed at length by Dennik in Proceedings of 
the Society of Naturalists in St. Petersburg (translated by Delmar 
Morgan, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) xix, p. 450) as Capra pallassii and 
by Eug. Buchner (Memoirs of the Imperial Academy of Sciences 
at St. Petersburg (7), xxxv, no. 8) as Capra cylindricornis of Blyth. 

Judging from the descriptions and figures given by these two 
Russian Naturalists, the Goat in question seems to be very nearly 
allied to Ovis nahoor and is probably its representative in the 
Caucasus. 


OVIS. 141 


a. Skull and g isnaye G. T. Lushington, A,S.B. 
horns. 
6. Frontlet ¢ sane A.S.B. 
juv. 
c. Frontlet .g sevees A.S.B. 
juv. 
d. Frontlet 2g went A.S.B. 
e. Skull and ¢ wees No history. 
horns, 
J. Frontlet Q saetes A.S.B. 
g. Skull and g aeaas A.S.B. 
horns. 
h. Skull and g hiss A.S.B. 
horns. 
j Stuffed juv. iedicbe No history, A.S.B. 
&. Skeleton g ere A.S.B. 
2. Skeleton sass F. Wilson. 
m. Skin and ¢ anais E, Smyth, 1862, A.S.B. 
skull. 
m. Skin and g nr. Tam, Sanju Valley, F. Stoliczka, 1874. 
skull. Kuenlun Mts. 
o. Skin and Q sale A.S.B. 
skull. 
p. Flat skin Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. 
q. Skin, skele- 9 ‘evans W. Rutledge, 1878. 
ton. juv. 
7. Skin, skull 9 ears W. Rutledge, 1880. 
uv. 
s. Skin : 2 teeeee W. Rutledge, 1879, 
t, Skin, skele- 9 antes W. Rutledge, 1877. 
ton. 
wu. Skin weitet No history. 
wv. Skin g eats No history. 
w. Skin, skull juv. Sikkim ? L. Mandelli, 1877. 
x. Skeleton seraee W. Rutledge, 1879. 
juv. E 
y Skeleton, @ oars W. Rutledge, 1879. 
skin. 
zs. Skeleton @ a. : W. Rutledge, 1879. 
a®, Skeleton é& or W. Rutledge, 1880 
64, Stuffed = juv. ints No history, A.S.B. 


Ovis tragelaphus. 


Ovis tragelaphus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 486 (1822); Blyth P. Z.S., 1840, 
p. 75; Lataste Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxxix, p. 288. : 
Ovis ornata, /s. Geoff. St. Hil. Descript. Egypt Hist. Nat., ii, p. 742, Atlas, i, 
pl. vii, fig. 2 (1813). as 

Ammotragus tragelephus, Gray Cat. Mamm, B, M,, iii, p. 179 (1852).° 
The Aoudad or Barbary Wild Sheep. : 
Distribution.—The mountains of North Africa from Barbary to 


Tunis. 


a. Skin andg seaines W. Rutledge, 188r. 
skeleton. 


142 MAMMALIA. 


Genus CAPRA. 


Capra, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 94 (1766). 

Hircus, Boddaext Elench. Anim. (1785)*. 

Aegoceros, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., 1, p. 224 (1831). 

Hemitragus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p.913 (1814). Type, C, jemlaica. 
Ibex, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 700 (1847). 


Out of the ten recognized species of wild goats no less than five 
are found in India, all of which are represented in the Museum Col- 
lection, of the others Capra pyrenaica and C. ibex are found in the 
Pyrenees and Alps respectively ; Capra caucasica in the Caucasus 
and Capra sinaitica and C. walie in Palestine, Egypt, and Abys- 
sinia. 

Sterndale (J. Bomb. Soc., i, p. 26) has recently described a 
head of an ibex from the Kishengunge country to the west of 
Kashmir, which seems to differ considerably from the ordinary C. 
sibirica, but until a little more is known about it, it seems rash to 
add it to the list of Indian Mammals; Sterndale has named it 
Capra duvergnii. 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a, Goats with long scimitar-shaped horns with knots at intervals 
along their length. 


6. Horns witha sharp anterior edge ; the side of the horns being 
convex ; very slight traces of the knots. 


C. aegagrus, p. 142. 


87. Horns with a flat anterior surface with distinct knots at 
regular intervals . ‘ . C. sibirica, p, 143. 


a®, Goats with spirally twisted horns, the spiral being from right 
to left, beginning from the base . C. falconeri, p. 145. 


a®, Goats with short horns never exceeding 18 inches. 


c. Horns set very parallel to one another ; the fronto-nuchal 
edge sharp, the fronto-orbital edge rounded off so that 
the frontal and nuchal surfaces form a continuous curve. 

C, hylocrius, p. 146. 


c*, Horns very divergent, forming about aright angle, but 
with the tips again converging ; horns two-sided with a 
sharp anterior edge; flat orbital and rounded nuchal sur- 
face. : : . - C. jemilaica, p. 146. 


Capra aegagrus. 


Capra aegagrus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 193 (1788); Hutton Calc. Fourn. 
N. #., ii, p. 521, pl. xix; id. ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 161; Kotschy Verh. Zool. 
Bot. Ver. Wien, iv, p. 201*; Blasius Saugeth. Deutsch, p. 485; Blyth 
Cat., p. 176; P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1874, p. 89; Blanford P. Z. S., 1874, 


CAPRA, 143 


p. 248; Danford P. Z. S., 1875, p. 458; Blanford F. A, S.B., xliv, p. 15; 
Danford and Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 276; Blanford Persia, p. 80; 
Murray Zool. Sind, p. 56; P. L. Sclater P. Z, S., 1886, p. 315, pl. xxxi3 
Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1064. 


“ Aegagrus,” Pallas Spic. Zool., xi, p- 43, pl. v, figs. 2, 3 (1776). 
oo aegagrus, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., i, p. 226, pl. xvi, figs. 3, 4, 5 
I 1). 
Cae caucasica, apud Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 167 (1834); Adams 
P.Z.S,, 1858, p. 525. 
Capra blythi, Hume P. A. S. B., p. 240 (1874). 
Capra picta, Erhardt Fauna der Cycladen (1858) *; P. L. Sclater P.Z.S., 
1872, p. 689. pl. lviii. 
‘The Sind Ibex: Pasang @, Boz 9, Persia; Surrah, Beluchi. 
Distribution —From Crete and several of the Cyclades east- 
ward through Asia Minor, occurring on the Taurus (Danford), 
Mount Ararat and the Little Cacausus and sparingly on the 
southern slopes of the Great Cacausus, all over Persia, Trans-caspia, 
Beluchistan and Afghanistan to the borders of India where it is 
found in the Pubb and Suleiman ranges, probably as far north as 
the Khyber Pass. 


a. Stuffed é@ Sind A. E. Watson, 1876. 
6. Stuffed 2 Sind A. E. Watson, 1876. 
ce. Skin, skull, g¢ Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. 
horns. 
d, Head stuffed ¢ Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1878. 
e. Skull, horns ¢ oe J. A. Murray, 1882. 
Ff. Skull, horns ¢ Ispahan Sheik Harri, 1878. 
g. Horns g nr. Shiraz Sir O. St. John. 
h. Skull, horns ¢ Afghanistan Sir A. Burns, A. S. B, 
j. Head stuffed @ Sind, 17-5-75 W. T. Blanford. 
k, Head stuffed g Ispahan Sheik Harri, 1878. 
juv. 
2. Skin No history. 


m, Skin @ juv. E. of Bampur, Baluch., W. T. Blanford. 

4,000 ft., 30-3°72. 
nm. Skeleton,skin@ ee ‘ Karachi Mus, [Ex.], 1879. 
o. Skull,horns 9 canine No history, 


Capra sibirica. 

“ Skyin,” Cunningham Ladak, p. 200. 

“Ibex alpium sibericarum,” Padlas Spic. Zool., xi, p. 31, pl. ili, 1776. 

Capra sibirica, Meyer Zool. Annal., i, 397 (1794)* ; Radde Ost Siberien, p. 
243, pl. x, figs. 1-4; Blyth Cat., p.176; Ferdon Mamm., p. 292; Kinloch 
Large Game Shooting, i, p. 32 [with plate of head]; Severtsoff Ann, Mag. 
N. H.(4), Xvili, p. 333; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 286; Blanford 
Yarkand Mamm., p. 86; Scully P. Z, S., 1881, p. 208; P.L. Sclater 
P. Z. S., 1886, 316; Thomas Linn. Trans., (2) v, p. 64. 

Aegoceros ibex, Pallas Zoog. Ross, As., i, p. 224, pl. xv, figs. 1-2 [horns] 
1831). ‘ 

tae ibex, apud Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., x, p. 913 (1841); id. FA. S.B,, x1, 
p. 283. 

Capra sakeen, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xi, p, 283 (1842). 

Aegoceros skyn, Wagner Schreb. Siugeth. Suppl., iv, p. 491 (1844). 

Ibex sakin, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 700 (1847.) : 


144 MAMMALIA. 


Capra himalayana, Gray Cat, Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 150 (1852); Adams 
P. Z. S., 1858, p. 523. 

Capra skyn, Severtsoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 334 (oB78hs 
Praewalsky Peters. Mitth. Erzb., xii, 1878, p. 5. 

Capra pallasii, apud Sching N. Denkschr. all. Schweite. Gesellsch., ii, p. 9*. 


The Himalayan Ibex; Skyn ¢ |’Danma 9 of Little Thibet ; 
Kyl, Kashmir ; Buz on the Upper Sutlej ; Tangrol of Kulu. 

Distribution —The Himalayas from the Gilgit district (Scully), 
eastwards to Nepal, but not east of Nepal, also the higher ranges of 
Thibet (Hodgson), the Thian Shan (Severtzoff) and the Altai and 
Sajan Ranges, but not extending east of Lake Baikal (Radde) ; it 
frequents the higher ranges seldom descending to the tree level. 
It was also got by the Afghan Boundary Commission in the Para- 
pomisus Mountains, 


a. Stuffed & Kalsi, Ladak N. Elias, 1879. 

é. Flat skin Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. 

c. Flat skin 3 Gilgit, 27-4-79 J. Scully, 1888, 

d. Skin juv. Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. 

e. Skin, skull, Q@ nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. 
horns. 

St. ee skull, Q nr. Kashgar F, Stoliczka 1874. 

orns. : 

g. Skin, skull, 9 Tam, Sanju, Kuenlun F. Stoliczka, 1874. 
horns. Mts., 28-10-73. 

h, Skinand @ juv. nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. 
horns. 

j. Feet nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

k Horns, g juv. nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

2, Horns, g juv. nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

m. Stuffedhead g nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

n. Skull, horns g nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

o. Skull, horns @ seis Purchased 1871. 

p- Skull, horns ¢ yiige’ Purchased 1871. 

g. Skull, horns g toeans Purchased 1871. 

vr, Frontlet, é Pore No history, A. S. B. 
horns. 

s. Frontlet, a : No history, A. S. B. 
horns, 

#. Frontlet, 4 No history, A. S. B. 
horns, 

u. eed ge no nr. Kashgar F, Stoliczka, 1874. 
skull. 


Capra sinaitica, 


Capra nubiana, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. (1828 ). 

Capra sinaitica, Hempr. et Ehr. Symb. Phys., i, pl. xviii (1828); P. L. Sclater 
P.Z, S., 1886, p. 316, pl. xxxii. 

Capra arabica, Ruppell N. Wirbelth., p. 17 (1835). 

fEgoceros beden, Wagner Schreb. Sdugeth, Vv, p. 1303 (1836). 

Capra beden, Tristram, P.Z.S., p. 85 (1866). 


Distribution.—Mountains of Upper Egypt, Sinai and Palestine. 
@,. Skull, horns, ¢ Sinaitic peninsula B. M. P. Carter [Ex.] 


CAPRA. 145 


Capra falconeri. 


Aegoceros (Capra) falconeri, Wagner Munch. Gel. Ant., ix, p. 430 (1839). 

Capra megaceros, Hutton Calc. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 535, pl. xx (1842); id. 
F.A.S. B., xv, po 161; Blyth Cat., p. 176; Ferdon Mamm.,, p. 291; 
Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 37 [with plate]. 

Capra falconeri, Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 579, with plate (1848); 
Blanford $ A. S. B., xliv, !p.17; Scully P. ZS. 1881, p. 209; 
P.L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1886, p. 317. 

Capra megaceros, Cunningham Ladak, p. 200, pl. vii (1854). 

Hircus megaceros, Adams P. Z. S., p. 525 (1858). 

Capra jerdoni, Hume P. A. S. B., 1874, p. 240; Kinloch Large Game 
Shooting, ii, p. 15 [with plate]. 


The Markhor; Markhor (Snake-eater) of the Afghans; Rap- 
hochhe g Ramochhe @ of Ladak. 

Disiribution—The Pir Pinjal range to the south of Kashmir 
extending northwards to Gilgit (Scully), eastwards to the Beas 
River (Adams), and southward through the Suleiman Range as 
far as Mittun Kote (Adams). : 

There are certainly two varieties of Markhor, whether they can 
be considered as two different species or not still remains undecided ; 
the scantiness of the Museum collections of these animals prevents 
my forming an opinion on the subject, I have, therefore, followed 
Blanford, who is of opinion that the two forms run into one 
another and cannot be therefore separated as two species, 

In the Kashmir variety, which is found in the Pir Pinjal and also 
in the Gilgit district, the horns are spirally twisted about an imagi- 
nary axis, the spiral being very open in some cases as in the one 
figured in “ Hugel’s Kaschmir.” 

In the Suleiman variety the horns are perfectly straight, but a 
spiral ridge runs round the horn which gives the horna very differ- 
ent appearance ; both varieties are very well figured by Colonel 
Kinloch in his book on the Large Game of the Himalayas. 

Should the Suleiman variety prove to be sufficiently distinct to 
be considered a separate species, it would be called Capra mega- 
ceros of Hutton. 


a. Skin [no horns] Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. 

6. Skin @ juv. Jutyel{Mula, Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. 

c. Skin » juv. Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. 

d. Skull and ¢ acanies W. T. Blanford. 
horns. 

@. Skull. and ¢ sasees Sir A, Burnes, 1840, A.S.B. 

horn. 

St Skull. and $ osecar W. T. Blanford, 1879. . 
horns. 

g. Frontlet o senaee W. Theobald, A.S.B. 

A. Skin and juv. eagiens W. Rutledge, 1868. 
skull. 

j. Skull, horns g Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. 


146 MAMMALIA. 


Capra jemlaica. 


Capra jemlanica, H. Smith, Grigith An. Kingd, iv, p. 308 [plate very bad] 
(1827) ; Sclater P, Z. S., 1886, p. 317. ; ; 
Capra jharal, Hodgson As. Res., xvili, pt. 2, p. 129, with plate (1831); id. 

P.Z.S., 1834, p. 106; id. ¥. A. S. B., iv, p. 491; id. ibid., p. 710. 
Hemitragus quadrimammis, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 913, (1841). 
Hemitragus jemlaicus, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, Pp. 144 (1852); 

Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 523; Blyth Cat., p..175; Ferdon Mamm., 

p. 286; Blanford ¥. A. S.B., xli, p. 40; Kinloch Large Game Shoot- 

ing, ii, p. 11 [with plate of head]; Atkinson N. W. P. Gasett., xi, 

p- 33; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 286. 


The Tahr ; Jharal of Nepal; Jugle of Kashmir; Kras of 
Khristwar ; Kart of Kulu district ; Esbu of the Sutlej. 

Distribution.—The Himalayas, from 6,000 ft. or 7,000 ft. up= 
wards ; not recorded west of the Pir Pinjal (Adams) and eastwards, 
occurs doubttfully in Sikkim. 


a. Stuffed  g Pir Pinjal, South Slope N. Elias (1879). 


head and 
% skin. 

b, Stuffed g ur. Mussooree Miss Milman (1873). 

c. Skulland g wee ses B. H. Hodgson, A.S.B. 
horns. 

d. Skulland ¢ waren ASB. 
horns. 

e. Skull and g eddies A.S.B. 
horns. 

Jf. Skull and g eeeaes B. H. Hodgson, A.S.B. 
horns, 

g.Frontlet Q@ = aaa AS.B. 
and horns. ‘ 

h, Skeleton g wonnes A.S.B. 

j. Frontlet gs sasaee No history, A.S.B. 


Capra hylocrius. 


Kemas hylocrius, Ogilby P.Z.S., p. 81 (1837); Blyth F. A. S. B.,, xi, p. 
880; id. ¥. A. S.B,, xxviii, p. 201. 

Capra (Ibex) warryato, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (1), x, p. 267 (1842). 

Hemitragus hylocrius, Blyth Cat., p. 175 (1863); Ferdon Mamm., p. 288 ; 
McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 117. 

Kemas warryato, Gray Cat, Mamm., B. M., iii, p. 146 (1852). 

Capra hylocrius, P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., p. 318 (1886). 


The Nilgiri Ibex; Warra-ardu or-artu, Tamil. 

Distribution—This goat is entirely confined to the hills in 
Southern India, 7.e., the Nilgiris and Cardamums or Ghats of 
Travancore and Cochin. 


a. Skin @ Nilgiri hills Madras Mus., 1872, 
é a and ¢ Nilgiri hills Madras Mus., 1879. 
orns, 


CAPRA. 147 


¢. Skull and? Nilgiri hills Madras Mus., 1879. 
horns. 
da ger andg@ Travancore Rev. J. Baker, A.S.B. 
orns. 
e. Skull andgQ ‘gical T. C. Jerdon, A.S.B. 
horns, 
J. Skull and 9 ‘eves L. C. Stewart, A.S.B. 
horns. 
g- Skull and g Deviculam, Travancore A. W. Turner, 1889. 
horns. 


Capra hircus. 


Capra hircus, Linneus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 94 (1766); Blyth Cat, 
p. 176. 


‘The Domestic Goat, 


a. Head stuffed ore No history. 

4. Head stuffed Se aieee No history. 

c. Head stuffed Upper Burma J. Anderson, 1869. 

dad, Headstufled Saas, , W. Rutledge, 1864. 

e. Head stuffed casts Mrs. Turnbull, 1875. 

Jf. Skulland Sikkim breed A.S.B. 
horns. 

g- Skin and Shoho breed of Abyssi- W. T. Blanford, 1869. 
skull. nia. 

h. Skin of g [which gave milk] Zoological Gardens, 1878, 
head. 


Genus NEMORHAEDUS. 


Nemorhedus, H. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., v, p.352 (1827); [asa 
sub-genus. ] 

Kemas, Ogiliy P. Z. S., p. 138 (1836). Zype, N. goral. 

Capricornis, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 139 (1836). Type, N. bubalina, 

Urotragus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), viii, p. 371 (1871). Zype, N. caudata, 


This genus is rather in confusion in consequence of the large 
number of species that have been de-cribed, but which are doubt- 
fully distinct from one another. The type of the genus is 
Nemorhedus sumatrensis; N. goral is certainly distinct, but 
N. bubalina seems to differ from N. sumatrensis only in being a 
little larger ; N. rubida described by Blyth seems to be only a very 
reddish form of M. sumatrensis; N. crispus from Japan appears to 
be distinct ; N. swinhoei from Formosa was considered by Blyth 
to be, like N. rubida merely a variety of N. sumatrensis ; finally 
Milne Edwards in his Recherches Mammiferes described four new 
species (1) N. caudatus which seems to most resemble N. goral 
but has a very long tail ; (2) N. griseus and (3) N. cinereus which 
seem somewhat intermediate between the goral and serow type ; 
and finally (4) N. edwardsii which M. Milne Edwards allows is 
very nearly allied to N. bubalina from which it differs only in 

L 2 


148 MAMMALIA. 


being somewhat smaller and redder ; since these are exactly the 
differences between N. sumatrensis and bubalina as pointed out 
by Blyth, the inference is obvious that N. edwardsii is merely the 
same reddish variety of N. sumatrensis as that described by Blyth 
as N. rubida. 


The skull of the true N. sumatrensis has been compared with 
the description and figure in M. Milne Edwards’ work and agrees 
with it very well, 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a, Smaller, (head and body 50 inches) ; skull with a distinct ridge 
across the check in front of the eye; no antorbital depres- 
sion, N. goral, p. 148. 


a*, Larger, (head and body 60 to 66 inches) ; skull with a shallow 
depression in front of the eyes for the reception of the ant- 
orbital gland. 


8. Larger, (head and body generally over 5 feet); black; legs 
white. N. bubalinus, p. 149. 


6, Smaller, (head and body generally under 5 feet); black or 
ted; legs the same colour as the body. 
N. sumatrensis, p. 150. 


Nemorhzdus goral. 


“ Bouquetin de Nepoul,” F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm.; lior. 41, with plate, 

Antilope goral, Hardwicke Linn, Trans., xiv, p. 518, pl. xiv (1823); Wagner 
Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 578. 

Antilope (Nemorhzdus) goral, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv, Pp. 279, 
(1827) ; Hodgson, P. Z. S., 1834, p. 85; id. ¥.4.S. B., iv, p. 488. 

Antilooe (Nemorhadus) duvaucellii, 2, Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 
279 (1827). 

Kemas ghoral, Ogilby P.Z.S., p. 138 (1836). 

Nemorhzdus goral, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 913 (1841) ; Gray P. Z. S. 
1850, p. 136; Horsfield Cat. B. I. Mus., p. 168; id. P. Z. S., 1856, p. 403; 
Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 523 ; Blyth Cat., p.175; Ferdon Mamm., p. 285: 
Blanford F.A.S.B.,xli, p. 40 ; Lydekker F, A. S. B., xlvi, p. 286; Kinloch 
Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 21, [plate of head]; Atkinson N. W. P 
Gazetts, Xi, p. 33 : 


The Goral or Himalayan Chamois; Goral or Bund-buckree of 
Paharias ; Pijur Rein or Rom of Kashmir; Sah of the Sutlej val- 
ley; Peij of Chumba ; Suhging, Lepch. ; Ragiyu, Bhotea, 

Sar Siete Ra southern ranges of the Himalayas, from 
4,000 feet to 10,000 feet ; Pir Pinjal (Adams) to Sikki nfor 
Kinloch gives also the Siwaliks. a ; eon 


@. Skinand @ Mussoorie Miss Milman, 1873 
horns, : 


NEMORHEDUS. 149 


& Skinand = Mussoorie Miss Milman, 1873. 
horns. 
e. Skin, skull g Native Sikkim W. T. Blanford, 1870, 
and horns. 
d. Skin and Sikkim L, Mandelli, 1877. 
horns. 
e. Skin and Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. 
horns. 
JF. Skin, skull 9 waists W. Rutledge, 1883. 
aud bones. : 
g. Skull é No history, 
h. Frontlet | ¢ B. H. Hodgson, A.S.B. 
j. Frontlet 9 B.H. Hodgson, A.S.B. 
k. Stuffed B. H. Hodgson, A.S.Bs 
-L. Stuffed 2 North of Simla F. Stoliczka, 
m. Skeleton Q aise W. Rutledge, 1881. 
and skin, 
n. Skulland ¢ went B, H. Hodgson, A.S.B. 
horns, . 


Nemorhzdus caudatus. 


Antilope crispa, apud Schrenck Amurland Séiugeth, p. 188 (1859); Radde 
Ost Siberien, i, p. 262, pl. xii, 

Antilope caudata, A, Milne Edwards Ann. Sc, Nat. (8), vii, p. 377 (1867); 
id. Rech. Mamm., p..186, pl. xxiii, xxili-a xxiii-d, 

Urotragus caudatus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), viii, p. 371 (1871). 


Distribution.—Amurland (Radde) and the mountains to the 
north of Pekin (Pere David.) 


a. Stuffed North of Pekin Paris Mus. [Ex.] 


Nemorhezdus bubalinus. 


Antilope bubalina, Hodgson P.Z.S., p. 12 (1832). . 

Antilope thar, Hodgson P.Z. S., p. 105 (1833); id. ibid, 1834, p. 86; id, 
¥. A. S. B., iv, p. 480. 

Capricornis thar, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 139 (1836). 

Nemorhzdus proclivus, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., x, p. 913 (1841). - 

Capricornis bubalina, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 166 (1842); id, P. Z.S., 
1850, p. 135; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 522; Blyth Cat., p. 174. 

Nemorhzdus bubalinus, Ferdon Mamm., p. 283 (1867); Blanford F. A. 
S. B., xli, p. 40; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 18, with plate; 
Anderson Anat. Zool. Resy p. 335. 


The Serow; Thar of Nepal; Ramoo, Kashmiree; Eimu of 
Sutlej valley ; Gya, Bhotea; Lichi, Lepcha. 

Distribution—From Kashmir all through the Himalayas to 
Sikkim (Blanford), also ‘in the mountains of Upper Burma 
(Anderson). 


a. Skin, skull Sikkim L, Mandelli, 1877. 
and horns. 
6. Flat skin Sanda valley, Yunnan J. Anderson, 1868, 


150 MAMMALIA. 


e. Flat skin Sanda _ valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
7-1-68, 6,000 ft, 


d. Stuffed aves }. Biddulph. 

e. Frontlet Naini Tal, Purchased. 
1888. : 

J. Frontlet Sanda valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson, 1868. 
4,000 ft. ; 

g. Frontlet Sanda valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson, 1868. 
4,000 ft, 

h. Skull tosnee No history. 


Nemorhzdus sumatrensis. 


“Kambing utan,” Marsden Hist. Sumatra, 3rd ed., p. 115, pl. xiv, fig. 1. 

Antilope sumatrensis, Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt. 2,p. 354 (1800); Raffles 
Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 266; Ogilby P.Z. S.,1836, p.121; Muller Over de 
Zoogdieren Tem., Verhandl., p. 45. : 

Antilope (Nemorhzdus) sumatrensis, H. Smith, Grifith An. Kingd., iv, 
Pp. 277 (1827). : oa ' 

Antilope interseapularis, Lichtenstein Mag. Ges. Natuzf. Freunde, vi, 
p. 165 (1864).* : 

Nemorhzedus sumatrensis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 166 (1843); Beavan 
P. Z. S., 1866, p. 2; Cantor $. A. S. B,, £V, p. 272. 

Capricornis sumatrensis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 135 (1850); Blyth Cat., p. 174; 
id, ¥. A.S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 46. : 

Capricornis rubida, Blyth Cat., p. 174 (1863). 

Capricornis swinhoii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 263, pl. xxxv (1862); Swinhoe 
P. Z. S., 1862, p. 361 and 1870, p. 647. 

P gia milne-edwardsii, David N. Arch. Mus.,v, bulletin, p. to 

1869). 

Antilope (Nemorhzdus) edwardsii, Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., p. 364, 

pls. lxxii, Ixxiii (1874) ; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 335« 


Thorsek of Burmese. 

Distribution.—Assam, Burma, Arakan (Blyth), Moulmein (Bea- 
van), Tenasserim, Malay peninsula(Cantor), and Sumatra(Raffles), 
also Formosa (Swinhoe), if N. edwardsii is identical with this 
species, its range extends northwards to Eastern Thibet. 


a. Stuffed 9 Shillong, Assam, 3,5ooft. C. R. Cock, 1879. 
and skull. 


d. Skull, one Tenasserim Major Berdmore, 1861, 
horn, A.S.B. 

e. Skull and Tenasserim Major Berdmore, 1861, 
horns. A.S.B. 

f. oe a Tenasserim Major Berdmore, 1861, 
ect). A.S.B, 

g- Skull (no Sumatra AS.B. 
horns), 

h, Skull and aianes No history. 
horns, 

j. Frontlet Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. 
horns. 


&. Frontlet dens No history. 


BUDORCAS. 151 


t, Odd horn Rangamati, Chittagong J. T. Jarbo, 1870, 
m. Odd horn tna cade J. T. Jarbo, 1879. 
x, Skull Wellesley Province India Mus., London, 


Genus HAPLOCEROS. 


Aploceros, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 354 (1827). 
Haploceros, Wagner Schreber Saugeth. Suppi., iv, p. 36 (1844). 
« 


Haploceros montanus. 
Ovis montana, Ord Guthrie's Geograph. 2nd Amer. ed., ii, pp. 293, 309 
Antilope (Rupicapra) americana, Blanville Bull. Soe, Philom, p. 80 
Actions lanigera, #. Smith, Linn. Trans,, xiii, p. 38 pl. iv. (1822). 


Distribution —The Rocky Mountains of North America. 
a. Skull soneee H. A, Ward [Ex.], 1889. 


Genus RUPICAPRA. 


Rupicapra, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p.75 (1816)*, 
Capella, Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., p. 28 (1840). Type, R. 
tragus, 


Rupicapra tragus. 


Capra rupicapra, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 95 (1766). 

Antilope (Rupicapra) rupicapra, Blanville ‘Bull. Soc. Philom, p.°75 
(1816)*. 

Rupicapra tragus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 167 (1843). 

Capella rupicapra, Blasius Séugeth. Deutsch., p. 488 (1857). 


Distribution.—The Alps of Central Europe, the Carpathians, 
the Pyranees and the Caucasus. 


a. Stuffed g Alps of Aosta, Italy Prof. Giglioli, 1881. 
&. Skeleton Alps of Aosta, Italy Prof. Giglioli, 1881. 


Genus BUDORCAS. 
Budorcas, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xix, p. 65 (1850). 
Only one species known. 


Budorcas taxicolor. 


“Takang,” Rowlatt $. A. S. B., xiv, p. 493. : 
Budorcas taxicolor, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., xix, p. 65, [3 plates] (1850) ; B’ytk 
¥. A. S. B., xix, p. 348; Gray P,Z.S., 1853, Pp. 192, pl. xxxvi; Blyth Cat., 


152 MAMMALIA, 


p. 174; Anderson P. Z.S., 1869, p.470; Hume P.Z.S., 1887, p. 483, 
[woodcuts of heads g and 9]. 


Budorcas taxicolor var. tibetana, Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., p. 367, pls. 
Ixxiv to lxxix (1874). 


Takin, Mishmis of Assam frontier ; Khing, Khamtees. 

Distribution.—The hills at the head of the Assam valley 
whence it is brought down by the Mishmi tribes ; it has also been 
got by Pere David from Moupin in Eastern Thibet. ° 

The Takin has never yet, as far as I am aware, been seen wild 
or shot by Anglo-Indian sportsmen, in fact the only man who has 
been actually in the country of the “Takin” is Pere David the 
celebrated French Missionary. 

The Takin is a generalized type exhibiting many intermediate 
characteristics, so that it is difficult to say whether it should 
be included among the sheep, oxen, antelopes or goats; Milne 
Edwards considers that it is rather more allied to the antelopes, 
and I have followed him in placing it here at the beginning of the 
antelopes. 

Hume in his recent paper has shown that all previous writers 
have been mistaken with regard to the horns of the female, which 


are long straight and ox-like without the characteristic gnu-like 
twist of the male. 


a. Stuffed g Mishmi hills, Assam  F. Jenkins, A.S.B, 

6. Stuffed ¢ wane No history. 

te. Stuffed ¢ sivas E. T. Dalton (1856), 
head and A.S.B. 
horns. 

d. Skull $ aaarewe A. R. Comber (1863). 

e. Frontlet seas F. Jenkins, A.S.B. 

f. Frontlet S$ aaa . F. Jenkins, A.S.B. 

g- Frontlet Q = aaa . F, Jenkins, A.S.B. 

hk. Skeletonjuv, uae . Col. Graham, 1879. 

j. Skin, skull, Mishmi hills Dy. Commissioner, 1882. 
skelet. Q 

&. Skin, skull, “Sudiya,” Assam W. Brydon, 1884. 
skelet. ¢ 

2, Skin é oats Col. Graham, 1879. 

m. Skin juve aaa Col. Graham, 1879. 

n. Skin é “Debroghur” Col. Graham, 1879. 

o. Skin Mishmi hills J. Gregory, 1870. 

Genus OREAS. 


Oreas, Desmarest Mamm., p. 471 (1822). 


Oreas canna. 


Antilope oryx, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 15 (1767). 
Antilope oreas, Pallas Spic. Zool., xii, pp. § and 17 (1777). 
Antilope (Oreas) canna, Desmarest Mamm., p. 471 (1822). 


STREPSICEROS. 153 


Damalis (Boselaphus) oreas, H. Smith Grifith An. Kingd., iv, p.355 [with 
plate] (1827). 

Damalis (Boselaphus) canna, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 357 (1827). 

Boselaphus oreas, Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. vi (1840); A. Smith S: 
Africa Zool., pls. x1 and xli. 

Oreas canna, Blyth Cat., p. 164 (1863); Selous P. Z, S., 1881, p. 749. 


The Eland. 
Distribution —South Africa generally; extending north to the 
Kilimanjaro district ; now extinct in Cape Colony. 


a. Frontlet wees W. S. Sherwill (1843), A.S.B. 
6. Skeleton ¢& wees Zoological Gardens (1885), 


Genus STREPSICEROS. 
Strepsiceros, H. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., v, p. 365 (1827). 


The Abyssinian specimens of Kudu got by Blanford seem to 
be examples of the Lesser Kudu of Blyth, easily distinguished 
from the Greater Kudu by the closed spiral of its horns, 


Strepsiceros kudu. 


Antilope strepsiceros, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 17 (1767). 

Antilope (Tragelaphus), strepsiceros, Desmazest Mamm., p. 468 (1822). 

Damalis (Strepsiceros) strepsiceros, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd, iv, p. 359 
(1827). 

Strepsiceros kudu, Gray List Mamm. B, M., p. 155 (1843); Blyth Cat., 
p- 165; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 751. 

Strepsiceros ‘capensis, Harris Wild Game S, Africa, pl. xx (1840); A. 
Smith S. Africa Zool., pls. xlii, xliii, : 


The Kudu. ‘, 

Distribution —South Africa, but nearly extinct in Cape Colony ; 
found in abundance between the Limpopo and Zambesi Rivers, 
and extending northwards as far as the Kilimanjaro district 


a. Frontlet ¢ sass A.S.B. 


Strepsiceros imberbis. 


Strepsiceros imberbis, Blyth P. Z. S., p. §2 (1869); P. L. Sclater P. Z. S. 
1884, p. 45; pl. iv ; Phillips P. Z. S., 1885, p. 931. , 

Strepsiceros kudu, apud Blanford Abyssinia, p. 270 (1870). 

Strepsiceros tendal, Gray Cat. Rum, Mamm, B. M., p. 46 (1872). 


Lesser Kudu. 
Distribution—Central and Eastern Africafrom Abyssinia in the 
north to Somaliland, and down to the Equator. 


a. Stuffed, ¢ Anseba valley, Abys- W. T. Blanford. 
sinia, 4,000 ft. 


154 MAMMALIA. 


6, Skin, @ juv. Anseba valley, Abys- _ W. T. Blanford. 
sinia, 4,000 ft., 14+7-68. 


Genus TRAGELAPHUS. 
Tragelaphus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 7§ (1816)*. 


Tragelaphus sylvaticus. 


Antilope sylvatica, Sparrman Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p. 197 (1780). 
Tragelaphus sylvatica, Gray List Mamm, B, M., p. 165 (1843); Harris Wild 
Game S. Africa, pl. xxvi, fig. 1, Selous P, Z. S., 1881, p. 752. 


The Bosch-bok. 
Distribucion.—South Africa, extending north to the Kilimanjaro 


district. 
a-b, 2Prs. horns South Africa W. Irving. 


. Genus BOSELAPHUS. 


Boselaphus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 7§ (1816)*. 
Portax, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 306 (1827). Type, B. tragoca- 
melus. 


This genus contains only one species, the Nilgai, which is 
entirely confined to India. 


Boselaphus tragocamelus. 
Antilope tragocamelus, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 9 (1767); id. ibid, xii, p. 


13. 
Antilope albipes Erxleben Syst. Reg. An., p. 280 (1777). 

Antilope picta, Pallas Spic. Zool., xii, p- 14 (1777); F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. 
Mamm., livr. 46, with plate; Sykes P; Z. S., 1831, p. 105. 

Antilope (Boselaphus) picta, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75 (1816)*, 

Damalis (Portax) risia, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd, iv, p. 363 (1827) ; 
Elliot Madr, Fourn., x, p. 220. 

Tragelaphus hippelaphus, Ogilay P. Z.S., p. 138 (1836). 

Portax picta, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 154 (1843); Yerdon Mamm., 
p. 272; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 99 ; Kinloch Large Game 
Shooting, ii, p. 55 [plate of head}; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 476. 

Portax tragocamelus, Gray P, Z,S., p. 146 (1850); Adams P.Z.S., 1858, 
Pp. 523; Blyth Cat., p. 165. 

The Nilgai; Roz Rooee, Hind.; Maravi, Canarese ; Gurayi, 
Gond ; Manupotu, Telegu. 

Distribution.—The peninsula of India generally ; not north of 
Lahore (Adams), but common about Cawnpore and Umbala and 
southwards to the Deccan (Sykes), and to Coimbatore and Salem 
(Jerdon) ; not found in Ceylon or Lower Bengal. 


a. Stuffed 4 ise Barrackpore, Menagerie, 
(1842), A.S.B. 


& Stuffed ce) sada 
ec. Skeleton ¢ asiwee 
(mted), 
d. Stuffed S sees 
head 
e. Skull, horns g Cawnpore dist. 
Jf Skoullhornsg aaa 
g- Skull,hornsg nas 
(castrated). 
he Skull Bie pee 2 hates 
j» Skull g Alwara, Jumna River 
k. Skull @ Banda district 
2, Skull (rer 
m. Skeleton 9 oT 
and skin juv. 
- Skeleton B = ————oauuaee 
v. Frontlet @ saneee 


155 
Barrackpore, Menagerie, 
1842, A.S.B. 
A.S.B. 


W. Rutledge, 1878, 


J. Cockburn, 1872. 
A.S.B, 
A.S.B. 


W. Rutledge, 1881. 

J. Cockburn, 1881. 

J. Cockburn, 1881. 

A.S.B. 

Zoological Gardens, 1880. 


Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
A.S.B. 


Genus ORYX. 
Oryx, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75 (1816)*. 


Oryx gazella. 


Capra gazella, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 96 (1766). 

Antilope bezoartica, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 14 (1767). 

Antilope oryx, Pallas Spic. Zool., xii, p. 17 (1777). 

Antilope (Oryx) oryx, Blainville Bull. Soc.,Philom., p. 75 (1816)*. 

Oryx capensis, Ogilay P. Z.S., p. 139 (1836); Harris Wild Game S. 


Africa, pl. ix. 


Oryx gazella, Blyth Cat., p. 169 (1863); Selous P.Z.S., 1881, p. 755. 


The Gemsbok, 


Distribution.—South Africa; principally in the deserts of the 
south-west, z.e., Kalahari and Damara land. - 


a. Frontlet g@ South Africa 


Oryx beisa. 


ASB. 


Antilope beisa, Rippell N. Wirbelth., p. 14, pl. v (1835). 
Oryx beisa, Gray Cat. Mamm. B.M., iii, p. 106 (1852); Blanford Abyse 
sinia, p. 262;P.L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1881, p. 626, pl. liv; Phillips P. Z.S., 


1885, p. 931. 
Beisa Antelope. 


Distribution.—North-East Africa; desert country round Sua- 
kim and Massowah and southward to Somali land (Phillips) 


and Kilimanjaro. 


a. Stuffed 9 nr. Massowa, Abyssi- 


nia, 8-68, 


W. T. Blanford. 


156 MAMMALIA, 


b. Skeleton @Q nr. Massowa, Abyssi- W. T. Blanford. 


nia, 8-68. 
c. Skin, g seins Zoological Gardens, 1883. 
skeleton. 
d. Skin, # juv. aiueds Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
skeleton. 


Oryx beatrix. 


Oryx beatriz, Gray P.Z.S., p. 158, pl. lv (1857); P. L. Sclater P. Z.S.5 
1872, p. 603; id. P. Z. S., 1878, p. 789. 


Distribution.—Arabia, one specimen was got from near Mecca, 
the other from Bushire. 

A skull identified by Blyth as O. leucoryx seems to be rather 
referable to O. beatrix than to O. beisa; the horns are quite 
straight, so that it is certainly not O. leucoryx. 


a, Skull tovses A.S. B. 


Oryx leucoryx. 

Antilope leucoryx, Pallas Spic. Zool., xii, p. 17 (1777). 
Antilope (Oryx) leucoryx, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom,, p. 75 (1816)*. 
Oryx leucoryx, Ogilly P. Z.S., p. 139 (1836); Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., 

ili, p. 107. 

White Oryx. 

Distribution.— North and West Africa, Nubia, Senaar and Sene- 
gal. 


a, Skeleton 9 aeanvs W. Rutledge, 1881. 
b Shall and g aaaine W. Rutledge, 1889. 
orns. : 


. Genus HIPPOTRAGUS. 


Egoceros, Desmarest Mamm., p. 475 (1822). 
Aigocerus, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 324 (1827). 
Hippotragus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl, p. 196 (1844)' 


Hippotragus equinus. 


Antilope equina, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. N. Dict. Hist. Nat., ii, p. 204 (1816). 

Antilope (Aigocerus) equina, H. Smith, Grifith An. Kingd., v, p.- 324 
(1827) ; Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. xvili; A. Smith Zool. S. Africa, 
pl. xxvii; Blyth Cat., p. 169. 

Hippotragus equinus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl., p. 196 
(1844) *; Kohl. Ann. K.K, Nat. Hofmus, i, p. 85. 

Hippotragus leucophaeus, apud Selous P.Z. S., p. 755 (1881). 


The Equine Antelope. 
Distribution—Throughout Central and South Africa; it has 
also been got from West Africa, but is replaced in Central Africa 


GAZELLA. 157 


by an allied species Hippotragus bakeri of Heuglin. (See Sclater 
P.Z.S., 1868, p. 214). 

If H. leucophaeus of -Pallas is considered merely as a smaller 
or younger specimen of H. equinus, the former name has many 
years priority and will of course stand. 


a. Frontlet g suite A.S. B. 


Genus GAZELLA. 


Gazella, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom. p. 75 (1816)*. 

Antidorcas, Sundevall Kongl, Vatens Akad. Handl. (1844)*. Type, G. 
euchore, 

Procapra, Hodgson, F. A. S. B., xv, p. 334 (1846). Type, G. picticaudata, 

Tragops, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 695 (1847). Type, G. bennetti. 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a. Females horned ; horns of males not lyrate. 
Gazella bennetti, p. 159. 
a*, Females hornless. 
5. Horns lyrate, a distinct antorbital pit to the skull. 
Gazella subgutturosa, p. 160. 


&, Horns scimitar-shaped ; no trace of antorbital pit. 
Gazella picticaudata, p. 161. 


Gazella dorcas. 


Capra dorcas, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 96 (1766). 

Antilope dorcas, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 11 (1767). 

Gazella dorcas, Lichtenstein Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, vi, p. 168 
(1812)* ; Blyth Cat., p. 172; Tristram P.Z. S., 1866, p. 86; Danford 
and Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 276; Brooke P. Z. S., 1873, p: 537. 


Distribution.—Asia Minor near Tarsus (Danford), Syria, Egypt, 
and Algeria. 


a. Skin, skull ¢ seeaien Zoological Gardens, 1881. 
and horns, 

6. Skin g juv. Egypt R. A. Turnbull, 1881, 

c. Skeleton ¢ No history. 

d. Stuffed Rajah R. Mullick, 1872. 


Gazella isabella. 


Gazella isabella, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 214 (1846); Brooke 
P.Z. S., 1873; p+ 539+ as 

Gazella dorcas, apud Blanford Abyssinia, p. 261 (1870). 
Distribution—The Egyptian Soudan up to the coast at Mas- 

sowah, 


158 MAMMALIA. 

a. Stuffed g Ain nr. Massowah, W. T. Blanford. 
head. 16-8-68, 12,000 ft. 

6. Stufled 9 Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. 

~~ head. i 

c. Stuffed oe Sone W. T. Blanford. 
head. 

d. Skull and o ” Komayli, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 
horns. 20-2-68. 


Gazella spekii. 


Gazella spekii, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 296 (1855); id. Cat. p. 172; 
Elanford Abyssinia, p. 261, pl. i, figs. §-5a; Brooke P. Z.S., 1873, p 
543; Phillips P. Z. S., 1885, p. 631; Kohl Ann. K. K. Nat. Hofmus. 
i, p. 77, pls. iti and iv. 

Distribution.—Somali land (Speke, Phillips and Menges). 


a. Stuffed ¢ Somali land J. H. Speke, 1855, A.S.B. 
head. 

6. sine 2 Somali land J. H. Speke, 1855, A.S.By 
ead. 


[Types of Gazella spekii, Blyth.] 


Gazella arabica. 


? Gazella cora, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., V, P. 333 (1827). 

Gazella arabica, Lichtenstein Darstell., pl. vi Nea Hempr. & Ehr. 
Symb. Phys., pl. v5 Blanford Abyssinia, p. 261, pl. i, fig. 3; Brooke 
P.Z.S., 1873, p. 544. 

Gazella vera, Gray Knowsley Menagerie (1850)*. 

Gazella dorcas, apud Blyth Cat., p. 172 (1863). 


Distribution.—South Arabia. 


@ Skinand Q sean : 
skeleton. 

6 Skinand Q@ aaa < 
skele- juv. 
ton. 

e. Skinand ¢@ veseae 
skele- juv. 
ton, 

d. Skin (with 
horns), juv. 


Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
W. Rutledge, 1878. 


Zoological Gardens, 1878. 


Purchased, 1864. 


e. Skin and setae Zoological Gardens, 1881. 
skull, juv. 

f- Skin, eT Zoological Gardens, 1877. 

g. Skin and ¢ sitca Zoological Gardens, 1877. 
skeleton. 

hk. Skinand g “Bushire Zoological Gardens, 1882, 
skull. 

j. Skinand Q@ aus Zoological Gardens, 1882, 
skeleton. 

& Skin No history. 

1, Skull a An ASB. 

m, Skull é senees A.S.B. 


GAZELLA, 159 
n. Frontlet @ gains A.S. B. 
o. Skull thea A.S.B. 
p. Skull : re é A.S.B 
q Skull 4 ‘ A.S.B- 
7. Skull Te A.S. B. 
s. Skull 9 eee A. S. B. 


Gazella bennetti. 


Antilope bennettii, Sykes P.Z.S., p. 104 (1831); Blanford ¥, A. S. B,, 
xxxvi, p. 196. 

Antilope arabica, apud Elliot Madr. Fourn., X, p. 223 (1830). 

ee curl Gray apud Blyth, F. A. S. B., xi, p. 452 (1842); Hutton 

. ALS. B., xv, p. 151. 

Gazella bennetti, Gray List Mamm. B. M.,, p. 161 (1843); Ferdon Mamm., 
p. 280; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 115; Kinloch Large Game 
Shooting, i, p. 57, with plate; Stoliceka $. A. S. B., xli, p. 2293 Blane 
ford P. Z. S., 1873, p. 315; Brooke P. Z. S., 1873, p. 544; Blanford 
Persia, p. 91; Sterndale Mamm. Ind, p. 463; Murray Zool, Sind, p. 56. 

A hazenna, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, iv, p. 74, pl, vi 

1844). 

Tragops bennetti, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 695 (1847); Adams 

P. Z, S., 1858, p. 522; Blyth Cat., p. 173. 


The Indian Gazelle, Ravine Deer in North India; Goat Ante- 
lope in South India; Chikara, Kalpunch, Kalsipi, Hindustani; 
Budari, Mudari; Tiska, Canarese; Hurnee in Punjab; Ast in Belu- 
chistan; Burudujinka, Telegu. 

Distribution—Found throughout the western parts of India in 
suitable localities and extending westwards through Beluchistan as 
far as Bushire, not found on the Malabar Coast, south’ of the 
Kistna River, in Ceylon, or in Lower Bengal. 


a. Skin Fe Zoological Gardens, 1876. 

6. Skin , Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. 

ve. Skin and Q sree W. Rutledge, 1879. 
skeleton. : 

ad. Skin. g Bampur, Beluchistan W. T. Blanford. ; 

e. Skin 2 : whe W. T. Blanford. 

Ff Skin juve anes Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. 

g. Head @ Sind, 17-5-75 W. T. Blanford. 
stuffed. 

h. Head ¢@ Chanda, C. P, Mus. Coll., 1867. 
stuffed. 

j. Head FS eae W. T. Blanford. 
stuffed, juv. 

hk. Head ¢ Pubb Hills, Sin Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. 
stuffed. 

2. Head @ Pubb Hills, Sind Karachi Mus, [Ex.], 1879. 
stuffed. 

m, Head &@ Pubb Hills, Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. 
stuffed. 

n. Head 2 Pubb Hills, Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. 
stuffed. 

o. Skull @ Allahabad district J. Cockburn, 1879. 

p. Skull @ Allahabad district J. Cockburn, 1879. 


160 MAMMALIA, 

g. Skull @ Allahabad district J. Cockburn, 1879. 

7. Skull @ Allahabad district J. Cockburn, 1879. 

s. Skull @ Pind Dadan Khan W. Theobald, 1853, A.S.B. 
¢., Frontlet g¢ Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 1879. 

u. Skeleton ¢@ eats W. Rutledge, 1874. 

v. Skeleton &@ J. F. Barckley, 1875. 

w. Skeleton @ exaecs W. Rutledge, 1875. 

#. Skull é seaicia Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
y. Skull re) semen W. Rutledge, 1881. 

z. Stuffed 2 qasiaas Rajah R. Mallick. 

a’, Stuffed ¢ etinoe Rajah R. Mullick. 

o*, Stuffed 9 Chanda, 20-2-67 W. T. Blanford. 

c*, Skin Deccan (Sykes) India Museum, London, 
@. Horns @ Bampur Beluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 

4-72. 
e", Stuffed ¢ : sien W. Rutledge, 1878. 
head. 
f?. Stuffed g Pubb Hills Sind Karachi Mus., 1879. 
head. 


J. Cockburn, 1881. 


g?-2, 2Skulls g Banda, N.-W. P. 


Gazella fuscifrons. 


Gazella fuscifrons, Blanford P. Z.S., p. 317 (1873); Brooke P.Z.S., 1873, 
Pp. 545; Blanford Persia, p. 92. 


Distribution.—Desert of Jalk, north of Beluchistan. 

Only one specimen, the one mentioned below, is known and this 
is a female; the species is certainly very nearly allied to Gazella 
bennetti, but pending the collection and examination of more 
specimens it seems better to keep it separate. 


a. Skin and Q Jalk, Beluchistan, 3,000 ft. W. T. Blanford, 
head. 13-3-72. 


[Type of Gazella fuscifrons, Blanford.] 


Gazella subgutturosa. 


Antilope subgutturosa, Guldenstadt Act. Acad. Petrop., ii, pt. 1, p» 251 
pls. ix-xii (1780); Pallas Zoog. Ross, As.,i, p. 252; Radde Zool. F. B. 
iv, p. 1060. 

Gazella subgutturosa, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75 (1816) *; Hutton, 
GF. A.S.B., xv, p. 151; Blyth Cat, p. 172; Blanford P. Z. S., 1873, 
P- 313; Brooke P.Z.S., 1873, p. 548; Blanford Persia, p. 91; Severt- 
zoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 170; Prewalsky Peters. Mitth., Ersb., 
xii, p. 9; Scully ¥. A. S. B., lvi, p. 76; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, 

6 é 


p- 64. 
Gazella subgutturosa var, yarkandensis, Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 88, 
pl. xv (1879). 


The Persian Gazelle; Ahu, Persian. 

Distribution —The highlands of Persia and Afghanistan extend- 
ing westward as far as Tiflis, northwards all over Russian-Turkes- 
tan, and eastwards to Yarkand; not found on the shores of the 
Persian Gulf being there replaced by G. bennetti. 


GAZELLA, 161 


a, Skin Q or, Ispahan W. T. Blanford, 1878. 

8 Skin,skull g nr. Ispahan, 9-70 Sir O. St. John. 

ec, Skin,skull g Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

dad. Skin juv. @ Yarkand F, Stoliczka, 1874. 

e. Skin Q Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

J. Skin, skull @ Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

g. Skin @ Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

&. Skin & Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

j. Skin Q Yarkand 1-75 J. Scully. 

& Skin Q@ Yarkand 1-75 J. Scully. 

2. Skin gS theives Zoological Gardens, 1880. 

skeleton. 
m. Skull @ Kandahar T. Hutton, 1846, A.S.B. 
2. Frontlet @ Kandahar eee 1859, 
SB. 

o. Frontlet @ Yarkand J. Scully, 1889. 

p. Skull 6 Badghis, Herat C. E. Yate, 1887. 

g. Skull Q Yarkand, 1-75. J. Scully. 

v. Stuffed é peseee Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. 
s. Stuffed 2 gates Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. 
#, Head(no ¢g Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

horns) 


Gazella picticaudata. 


Procapra picticaudata, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xv, p. 334, pl. ii (1846); Blyth 
F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 725; Hooker Himalayan Fourn., li, p. 157; Adams 
P. Z.S., 1858, p. 523; Blyth Cat., p. 173; Kinlock Large Game Shooting, 
i, p. 10 (with plate]; Blanford F. A. S. B., xli, p. 39. 

Gazella picticaudata, Brooke P.Z.S., p. §47 (1873). 


The Tibetan Ravine Deer. ; Goa of Thibetans. 

Distribution.— Upper part of Ladak and Western Thibet 
(Kinloch). Sir J. Hooker also observed it over the Thibetan fron- 
tier to the north of Sikkim. 


a. Skin and ¢ bs sie Purchased at Naini Tal, 1888. 
horns. 

6. Skull and g asad F. Jenkins, 1846, A.S.B. 
horns. 


c. Skull, horns Kukchu nr. Ladak, N. Elias, 1879. 
andskin. ¢ 15,000 ft. 


d, Frontlet & waive F, Jenkins, 1846, A.S.B. 
e. Frontlet a FeoerS F. Jenkins, 1846, A.S.B. 
Jf. Frontlet é eeaues No history. 


Gazella semmerringi. 


Antilope scemmerringi, Cretzschmar Ruppell's Atlas, p. 49, pl. xix (1826). 
Gazella scemmerringi, Gray List Mamm. B, M., p. 161 (1843); P. L. Sclater 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 817, pl. xxxvii; Blanford Abyssinia, p. 260; P.L, 
Sclater P.Z.S., 1871, p.701; Brooke P. Z. S., 1873, p- 549; Phillips P.Z.S, 
1885, Pp» 932. 
M 


162 MAMMALIA, 


Distribution.—North-East Africa from near Suez southward to 
Somali land (Phillips) ; always near the sea (Blanford). 


a. Skin and = @ _ Annesley Bay, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, 


skull. 29-12-67. 
6. Skull, horns g¢ Annesley Bay, Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 1868, 
¢. Frontlet Q re i No history. 


Gazella euchore. 


ee Lichtenstein Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, vi, p. 169 

(1814)*. 

ae pygarga, Blumenbach Handb. Naturges., 10th ed., p. 119 
1821)*. 

Gazella euchore, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p.7§ (1816)*; Harris Wild 
Game of S. Africa., pl. iii; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 757. 

Antidorcas euchore, Gray P. Z.S., p. 116 (1850); Blyth Cat., p. 171. 


The Springbok. 
Distribution.—South Africa; the north-western parts of Cape 
Colony, Orange Free State, Transvaal and Grimqualand west. 


ga. Frontlet = ws. a A.S.B. 


Genus ANTILOPE [restricted]. 
Antilope, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 3 (1767). 


The genus Antilope, which formerly included the whole sub- 
family of Antelopes, was first restricted to the following species by 
Ogilby P. Z. S., 1836, p. 137. 


Antilope cervicapra. 


Antilope cervicapra, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 18, pls. i, ii, (1767); Sykes P. Z. 
S., 1831, p. 104; Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., i, pls. xii, xiii; Bennett P. Z.S., 
1833, p. 13; id. ibid, 1836, p. 34; Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 222; 
Hutton F$.A. S. B., Xv, p. 150; Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv p. 18. 

Cervicapra bezoartica, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 159 (1843). 

Antilope bezoartica, Gray P. Z.S., p. 117 (1850); Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 
522; Blyth Cat., p. 171; Ferdon Mamm., p. 275; Blanford F. A. S. B., 
xxxvi, p. 196; MacMaster Notes on Ferdon, pp. 109, 210;Kinloch Large 
Game Shooting, i, p.59 {with plate]; Stoliczka F. A. S.B., xli, p. 229; 
Pollok Sport in Brit, Burma, i, p. 150; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 472. 


The Black Buck or Indian Antelope; Mriga, Sanscrit; Kalwit 
Haran and Mirga g Harna Harnin ¢ Hind.; Harin, Bengalee; 
Kalsar ¢ Baoti 2 in Behar; Kala ¢ Guria ? in Tirhut; Barout 
or Sasin in Nepal; Bureta in Bhagulpore ; Chigri, Canarese ; ri ¢ 
Ledi ¢? or Jinka in Telegu. 

Distribution —The whole Indian peninsula from the Punjab 
to Cape Comorin, except the Malabar Coast, the Eastern Ghats, and 


PANTHOLOPS. 


163 


Lower Bengal; it is most abundant in the North-West Provinces 


and the Deccan. 


It is recorded from the banks. of the Manass 
River, a northern tributary of the Brahmaputra, in Assam by Pollok 


(i. ¢.) 
a. Skull, horns g Agra J. Cockburn, 1879. 
6. Skull, horns g¢ Banda dist. J. Cockburn, 1881, 
ce. Skull, horns g Banda dist. J. Cockburn, 1881. 
ad. Skull, horns ¢ Banda dist, J. Cockburn, 1881. 
e. Skull, horns g Banda dist. J. Cockburn, 1881. 
f- Skull, horns g Allahabad dist. |. Cockburn, 1879. 
g. Skull, horns ¢ Banda dist. J. Cockburn, 1881. 
A. Skull, horns ¢ Banda dist. J. Cockburn, 1881. 
J Skull,horns @ aeons ‘ A.S.B. 
k. Skull, horns g iepise J. J. Athanass, 1842, A.S.B. 
2, Skull, horns @ a AS B. 
m. Skull, horns ¢ ieee A.S.B. 
nm. Skull, horns @ aaa J. Cockburn, 1872. 
o. Skull, horns sonia Rajah R. Mullick, 1870. 
é Skull,horns sana No history. 
g- Skull, horns ¢ seats A.S.B. 
(castrated. | 
7. Skull, horns @ astaeid J. J. Athanass, A.S.B. 
{one horn 
deformed.] 
s. Skull, horns@ tues . W. Rutledge, 1870. 
{one horn 
deformed.] 
#, Skull GS eevee J. J. Athanass, A.S.B. 
u. Head stuffed g atest J. Armstrong, 1869. 
v. Head stuffed ¢ ecaeee A.S.B. 
w. Frontlet, Banda J. Cockburn, 1881. 
horns. 
z. Frontlet, Doon of Assam F. Jenkins. 


é 

$ 
horns, 

a*, Stuffed @ Chanda 

&. Stuffed t 

c*, Stuffed juv.g 

a’, Skeleton 4 


W.T. Blanford, 1867. 
Purchased, 1869. 
Purchased, 1869. 
Zoological Gardens, 188r. 


e*, Skul! [horns ¢ a Mrs. Turnbull, 1837, A.S.B. 
deformed] 
f?. Head stuffedg vanes 5 A.S.B. 


Genus PANTHOLOPS. 
Pantholops, Hodgson P. Z.S., p. 80 (1834). 


This genus also contains only one species, the Thibetan Antelope, 
which has been shot just within the boundaries of the Indian 
Empire and which must therefore be included in the Indian 
Fauna. 


Pantholops hodgsoni. 


Antilope hodgsonii, Abel Edin. Fourn. Sci., p. 163 (1827)*; Hodgson Glean- 
ings in Science, ii, p. 348, pls. iii andv; id, P. Z. S., 1831, p. 52; id, 
M 2 


164 MAMMALIA, 


¥ A. S. B.,i, p. 50, pl. iv; Hooker Himalayan Fourn., ii, pp. 132, 157 
and woodcut, p. 158. 

Antilope (Oryx) kemas, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd.,v, p 328 (1827). 

Antilope chiru, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 371 (1827). 

Pantholops hodgsoni, Hodgson, P. Z.S., p. 80 (1834); id. F. A. S. B.,, iii, 
p-. 134; id. F¥. A. S. B., x, p.913; Adams P. Z, S., 1858, p. 521; Blanford 
Yarkand Mamm., p. 89, pl. xvi. 

Kemas hodgsoni, Gray List Mamm, B. M., p. 157 (1843); Horsfield Cat. 
E. I. Mus., p. 166; Blyth Cat.,p. 173; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, 
p. 6, [with plate]; Blanford F. A. S. B., xli, p. 39. 


Isoors or Choors of West Thibet ; Chiru of East Thibet. 

Distribution.—Apparently throughout Thibet; was seen by 
Hooker just over the pass to the north of Sikkim and has been 
shot by Kinloch in Changchenmo in the eastern part of Ladak. 


a. Skin g Kium, Ladak, 4-8-73 J. Biddulph. 

& Skin 2 ausiaee F. Stoliczka, 1874. 
c. Stuffed d= Thibet L. Mandelli, 1877. 
@. Skull, horns ¢ stasis A.S.B. 

e, Skull, horns ¢ vee A.S.B. 

J. Frontlet é ewes A.S.B. 

g. Skull Q@ Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. 


Genus KOBUS, 
Kobus, A. Smith S. African Zool. (1840). 


Kobus ellipsiprymnus. 


Antilope ellipsiprymnus, Ogilby, P.Z. S., p. 47 (1833)*. 
Kobus ellipsiprymnus, A. Smith S. African Zool., pls. xxviiiand xxix (1840) ; 
Harris Wild Sports S, Africa, pl. xiv ; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 758. 


The Water Buck, 

Distribution.—South Africa, principally found about the Zam- 
besi and Limpopo Rivers, and extending northwards to the Kili- 
manjaro district. 


a Skeleton g alga E. S, Gerrard [P.], 1881. 


Genus CERVICAPRA, 


Cervicapra, Blainville Bull. Soc., Philom., p. 75 (1816)*. 
Redunca, 1. Smith, Grifith An, Kingd., v, p. 337 (1827) [as a sub-genus). 


Cervicapra arundinacea. 


Antilope arundinacea, Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt. 2, p. 347 (1801). 


Antil : Bs : 
ue ee eleotragus, Blainville Bull. Soc., Philom., p 75 


NEOTRAGUS. 165 


a (Redunca) eleotragus, H. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., iv, p. 237 
1827). . 
Eleotragus reduncus, Gray List. Mamm. B. M., p. 165 (1843). 

Eleotragus arundinaceus, Gray Cat. Mamm. B, M,, iii, p. gt (1852). 


The Rietbok. 
Distribution.—Centrai South Africa, especially about the tribu- 
taries of the Zambesi and Limpopo Rivers. 


a, Frontlet = sane . No history. 


Genus NEOTRAGUS. 
Neotragus, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd, v, p. 349 (1827). ” 


Neotragus saltianus. 


Antilope (Cervicapra) saltiana, Blainville Bull. Soc., Philom., p. 75 (1816)*. 

Antilope saltiana, Creteschmar Rippell’s Atlas, p. 55, pl. xxi (1826). 

Antilope (Neotragus) mandoka, H. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., iv, p, 271 
(1827). 

Antilope hemprichiana, Hempr. and Ehr. Symb, Phys., pl. vii (1828). 

Mandoqua saltiana, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 164 (1842). 

Neotragus saltiana, Gray Cat, Mamm. B. My, iii, p. 76 (1882); Blanford 
Abyssinia, p. 268; Gunther P. Z. S., 1880, p. 19 [figs. of skull], 


The Beni Israel. 
Distribution.—Shores of the Red Sea, in the neighbourhood of 


Abyssinia ; replaced by allied species in Somaliland and Damara- 
land. ; 


a, Skin @ Anseba valley, Abyssinia, W.T. Blanford. 
4,000 ft., 27-7-68. 
6. Skin &@ Anseba valley, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 
4,000 ft., 2-8-68. 
¢e. Skin & Anseba valley, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, 
4,000 ft., 5-8-68. 
d. Skin @ Anseba valley, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 
4,000 ft., 15-7-68. 
e. Skin @ Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. 
f. Skin Q Anseba valley, 4000 ft, W. T. Blanford. 
29-7-68. 
g. Skin Q Anseba valley, 4,000 ft, W. T. Blanford. 
25-7-68, 
he Skin 2 Suru, ae 2,500 ft. W. T. Blantord, 
17-2-68, 
je Skin fe) eens ft, W. T. Blanford. 
28-6-68. 
k Skin Q Koomeyloo, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 
300 ft., 1-68. 
1. Head &@ Anseba valley. W. T. Blanford, 1868. 
m. Stuffedhead g¢ Anseba valley. W. T. Blanford, 1868. 
n. Stuffed head Q Anseba valley. W. T. Blanford, 1868, 


o. Skeleton Anseba valley. W. T. Blanford, 1868, 


166 MAMMALIA, 


Neotragus kirki. 


Neotragus saltiana, apud Blyth Cat., p. 168 (1863). 
Neotragus kirkii, Ganther P. Z.S., p. 17, figs. 1-10 (1880). 


Distribution.—Somaliland, extending southwards to the Kiliman- 
jaro.country. 


a. Stuffed a Somaliland J. H. Speke, 1855, A. S. B. 


Genus NANOTRAGUS. 


Nanotragus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl.,p. 191 (1844)*. Type, 
N. spiniger. 

Calotragus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p. 192 (1846)*. Type, 
N. tragulus. ; . 
Scopophorus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 232 (1846). Type, N. scoparia. 
Nesotragus, Von Diben Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Cefvers, p. 221 (1846)*. 
Type, N. moschatus. ‘ 
Oreotragus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H.., xviii, p. 231 (1846). Type, N. saltatrix. 


Nanotragus tragulus. 


Antilope campestris, Thunberg Mem. Ac. St. Petersb., iii, p. 313 (1811). 

Antilope (Gazella) tragulus, Lichtenstein Mag. Ges. naturf, Freunde, 
vi, p. 176 (1814).* 

Ate (Cervicapra) stenbock, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75 
(1816)*, 

Antilope (Tragulus) rupestris, H. Smith, Grifith An. Kingd, iv, p. 248 
(1827); Harris Wild Game of S. Africa, pl. xxv, fig. 2. 

Calotragus tragulus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p, 192 
(1846)*; Blyth Cat., p. 166. 

Pediotragus campestris, Gray Cat, Rum. B. M., p. 31 (1872). 

Nanotragus tragulus, Brooke P. Z. S., p. 642 (1872); Selous P. Z.S., 


1881, p. 762. 
The Steinbock. 


Distribution.—A\\ over South Africa from the Cape to the 
Zambesi, extending northward to the Kilimanjaro district. 


a. Skin $ South Africa E. L. Layard (1860), A. S. B. 


Nanotragus montanus. 


Antilope montana, Cretsschmar Riippell’s Atlas, p. 11, pl. iii (1826). 


Scopophorus montanus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 232 18. . 
Blanford Abyssinia, p. 266. & . 1 P+ 232 (1846) ; 


Nanotragus montanus, Brooke P.Z. S., p. 632 (1872). 


Distribution.—Eastern Africa, Abyssinia, West Africa? 


a. Skin Dolo, Abyssinia, 7,500 ft., W. T. Blanford. 


27-3-68. 


CEPHALOPHUS. 167 


Nahotragus melanotis. 


Antilope melanotis, Thunbergy Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., iii, p. 312 (1811). 
Antilope grisea, F. Cuvier Dict. Set, Nat., ii, p. 244 (1816). 

Antilope (Cervicapra) grisea, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., ps 75 (1816). 
ce (Tragulus) grisea, H. Smith, Grifith An. Kingd., iv, p. 250 

1827). : 
Oreotragus griseus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 164 (1842). 
Caleta melanotis, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 72 (1852); Blyth Cat., 
p. 166. 


Nanotragus melanotis, Brooke P. Z. S., p. 642 (1872); Selous P. Z.S., 
1881, p. 762. 


The Grysbok. 
= Distribution.—Central South Africa, north of the Limpopo 
iver, 


w. Stuffed & South Africa E. L. Layard (1860), AS.B. 


Nanotragus oreotragus. 


Antilope oreotragus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 189 (1778). 

Antilope saltatrix, Boddaert Elench, Anim. p. 141 (1785)*. 

Antilope (Tragulus) oreotragus, H. Smith, Crifith An. Kingd., iv, p. 245 
1827). 

pene saltatrix, Harris Wild Game _S. Africa, pl. xxiv, fig. 2 (1840) ; 
Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 231; Blyth Cat., p. 167; Blanford Abys- 
sinia, p. 205. : ; 

Nanotrd gud -oreobrabwiy Brooke P.Z.S., ps 642 (1872); Selous P. Z, S., 
1881, p. 762. 


The Klipspringer. ; ae 
Distribution.—East and South Africa from Abyssinia in the 
north to Cape in the south, wherever there are stony hills. 


. Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard (1860), A.S.B. 
3. er a head : Senafe Tigré, Abyssi- W. T. Blanford. , 
nia, 6-68. 
ffed head Somaliland J. H. Speke, 1855, A. S. B. 
en Rae og Eeagte Tite Auyale We, Bane 


nia, 7,500 ft., 11-3-69. 


Genus CEPHALOPHUS. 


Cephalophorus, H. Smith, Gripith An. King., v, p. 344 (1827); [as a sub- 


een Cat. Rum. Mamma. B. M., p. 22 (1872). 


Cephalophus mergens. 


i Blainville N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., ii, p. 193 (1816). 
Arnie ‘Geghalophus) mergené, A. Smith, Griffith An. King. iv, p. 264 
(1827) ; Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. xv, fig. 2. 


168 MAMMALIA. 


Cephalophus grimmia, apud Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 78 (1852) 3 id. 
P. Z. S., 1887, p. 277, pl. vii; Blyth Cat., p. 167. 
Grimmia nictitans, Gray Cat. Rum. Mamm. B. M., p. 22 (1872). 


The Duiker. ; 
Distribution.—South Africa extending northwards to the Kili- 
Manjaro district. 


a. Stuffed ¢ South Africa E. L. Layard (1860), A. S. B. 


Cephalophus natalensis. 


Antilope natalensis, A. Smith S. African Quart. Fourn., p. 217 (1830)*; id. 
S. African Zool., pl. xxxii. a 

Cephalophus natalensis, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 166 (1846); 
Blyth Cat., p. 168. 


+ 
Rhoodebok. ; 
Distribution.—South Africa, moze especially Natal. 
a. Stuffed ¢ basiee A. Malherbe (1859), A. S. B. 


Cephalophus madoqua. 


Antilope madoqua, Rippell N. Wirbelth., p. 22, pl. vii, fig. 2 (1835). 

Cephalophus mandoqua, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 82; Blanford 
Abysinia, p. 267. 

Grimmia madoqua, Gray Cat. Rum. Mamm. B. M., p. 24 (1872). 


Distribution.—Eastern Africa, Abyssinia. 


«a. Skin @ Dildi, Abyssinia, 7,000 W. T. Blanford. 
ft., 23-4-68. * 

6. Skin @ Dongolo, Abyssinia, 6,500 W. T. Blanford, 
ft.. 17-5-68. 


Genus TETRACERUS. 
Tetracerus, Leach cf. Linn, Trans., xiv., p. 524 (1823). 


This genus contains one species only and is entirely confined 
to India. 


Tetracerus quadricornis, 


Antilope (Cervicapra) quadricornis, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom, p. 78 
(1816)* ; id. Zsis, 1819, pt. 2, p. 1095, pl. xii, fig. 3. 

Tetracerus striaticornis, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. lior. 44 (1824). 

Antilope chickara, Hardwicke Linn. Trans. xiv, p. 520, pls. xv, xvi 
(1825) ;, Hills Linn. Trans., xv, p. 501, pl. xx; Hodgson F.A.S. B., i, 
p- 346; id. P. Z. S., 1834, p. 99. ; 

Antilope sub-4-cornutus, Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p» 225, pl. x, fig. 2 
(1839) ; Sclater P. Z. S., 1875, p. 527. 

Tetracerus chickara, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 913 (1841). 

Tetracerus quadricornis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 159 (1843) ; Blyth F. A, 


4EPYCEROS. 169 


S. B., xvi, pt. ii, p. 879; id. ¥. A. S. B., xvii, pt. 1, p. 561 ; Adams P.Z,'S., 
1858, p. 522; Blyth Cat. p. 165; Ferdon Mamm. p. 274; McMaster 
Notes on Ferdon, p. 103; Blanford $. A. S. B., xxxvi., p.196; Kinloch 
Large Game Shooting, ii, p.54 with plate. Murray Zool. Sind, p. 55. 

Brera iodes and paccerois, Hodgson Calc. Fourn N. H,, viii, p. 90 
1847). 


The four-horned Antelope; Chouka, Chousinga, Hind.; Benkara 
or Bekra of Mahrattas ; Kondguri, Canarese ; Kondagori, Telegu. 

Distribution.—India generally, more especially in the Central 
Provinces; is not found in the Ganges valley itself, but to the 
north in the terai is fairly common, it doubtfully extends into the 
Punjab and Sind, and does not occur in Ceylon. 


a. Skin and skull 9 Raneegunge Babu Rameshur Mullick, 

1872. 
6. Skin and skull g Raneegunge Babu Rameshur Mullick, 

1872. 
c. Skin and skelet. g ates Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
d. Skeleton skin ¢ anaes Zoological Gardens, 1882. 
e. Skeleton a weaaes Zoological Gardens, 1880. 
Sf. Stuffed é teeeee Rajah R. Mullick, A.S. B. 
g. Stuffed 2 sours Rajah R. Mullick, A. S. B. 
h. Stuffed juv aie W. Rutledge, 1873. 
j- Stuffed head @ Asirgarh, C. P., W.T. Blanford. 

7-66. 
k. Stuffed head @ Asirgarh, C. P., W. T. Blanford. 
7-66. 
1. Skull 4 ie. A.S.B. 
m. Skull a vedas A.S.B. 
n. Skull t sxoaate A.S.B. 
o. Skull | ne A.S.B. 
p. Skull @ South India Sir W. Elliot, 1845, A. S. B. 
gq. Skull 2 South India Sir W. Elliot, 1845, A. S. B. 
vy. Skull Q South India Sir W. Elliot, 1845, A.S. B. 
». Skull ry sepaie J. Cockburn, 1886. 
é-u. 2 Skulls é asin J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. 


Genus AZEPYCEROS. 
 pyceros, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk, Akad, Handl., p. 271 (1845)*. 


“£pyceros melampus. 


Antilope melampus, Lichtenstein Mag. Ges. naturf. Freunde, vi, p. 167 
(1814)* ; Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. xv. 

ZEpyceros melampus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p. 271% 
(1845)* ; Blyth Cat., p.171; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 757+ : 


The Mpallah or Roodebok. 

Distribution.—Central South Africa, especially about the Upper 
Waters of the Limpopo River, extending northwards to the Kili- 
manjaro district. 


a. Frontlet esis Purchased (1861), A. S. B. 


170 MAMMALIA, 


Genus ALCEPHALUS, 


Alcephalus, Blainville Bull. Soc, Philom., p.75 (1816)*. 


Alcephalus caama. 


Antilope caama, F. Cuvier Dict. Sct. Nat., ii, p. 242 (1816). 

Antilope (Alcephalus) caama, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom, p.7§ (1816)*; 
Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 763. 

Damalis(Acronotus) caama, H. Smith, Griffith Ann. Kingd., iv, p.348, with 
plate (1827); Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. vii. 

Boselaphus caama, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 233 (1846) ; Blyth Cat., 


p. 170. 
Bubalus caama, 4. Smith Zool. S. Africa, pl. xxx (1849). 


The Hartebeest. : 
Distribution.—South Africa ; Grimqualand and the Kalahari 


Desert. 


a, Frontlet iesgis W. S. Sherwill (1843), A.S.B. 
6. Skeleton, 9 juv Sass Zoloogical Gardens, 1881, 
skin. 


Genus CONNOCHAETES. 


Connochaetes, Lichtenstein Mag, Ges. naturf. Freunde, vi, p. 165 (1814)*. 
Catoblepas, A. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 367 (1827). 


Connochaetes gnu. 


Antilope gnu, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 189 (1788). 
Antilope (Connochaetes) gnu, Lichtenstein Mag. Ges, naturf. Freunde, vi, 


p. 165 (1814)*. 
Antilope (Boselaphus) gnu, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75 (1816)*. 


Catoblepas gnu, A. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., iv, p. 367 (1827); Harris 
Wild Game S. Africa, pl. i. 


The White-tailed Gnu. ; 
Distribution—South Africa, extending northwards to the 


Kilimanjaro district. 


a, Frontlet seeice No history. 

6. Skeleton Qjuv is ‘ Berlin Mus, [Ex.] 1878. 

c. Skeleton and vedere Babu H. M. Roy, 1885. 
skin é 


Genus ANTILOCAPRA. 


Antilocapra Ord Fournal de Physique, \xxxvii, p. 149 (1818)*; id. Jsts, 
1819, p. 1106. 
Dicranocerus, A, Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, 322 (1827). 


MOSCHUS, 171 


Antilocapra americana. 


ae Ord Guthrie's Geography and Amer. ed., ii, pp. 292, 308 

1815)*, 

Antilocapra americana, Ord Fournal de Physique, |xxxvii, p. 149 (1818)*; 
P.L Sclater P. Z. S., 1865, p. 60, pl. iii; Bartlett P. Z. S., 1865, p.718; 
Murie P. Z.S., 1870, p. 334; Forbes P. Z. S., 1880, p. 540; 

Antilope furcifer, H. Smith Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 28, pl. ii (1822). 

sere et (Dicranoceros) furcifer, H. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., iv, p. 170 

1827). 


The Prong Buck. 
Distribution.—North America, west of the Missouri from the 
Saskatchewan southwards to Northern Mexico, 


a. Stuffed &@ North America H. A. Ward [Ex.], 1879. 
6. Skeleton g North America Brit. Mus. [Ex ], 1878. 
ce. Skeleton setae W. Jamrach [P.], 1876. 
a, Skin Montana, N America tee 


Genus GIRAFFA, 


Giraffa, Zimmermann Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p. 125 (1780). 
Camelopardalis, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 181 (1788). 


Giraffa camelopardalis. 
-Cervus camelopardalis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 92 (1766), 
Giraffa camelopardalis Zimmermann Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p. 125 (1780); 
Gray Cat. Mam. B. M., iii, p. 181. 7 
Camelopardalis giraffa, Gmelin Syst, Nat. i, p. 181 (1788); Blyth Cat, 
. 144. . ; 
Ganelonsntalis aethiopicus, et. C. capensis Ogilby, P. Z. S., p. 134 (1836). 


Distribution.—Africa south of the Atlas. 


a. Skeleton mted. ¢ ener Lord Canning, 1862. 

6. Skull sadises No history. 

ce. Skin é sae vee W. Rutledge, 1881, 

d. Skin, skeleton ¢ aanttee Zoological Gardens, 1879, 

e. Skin, skeleton ¢ sank Babu H. M. Roy, 1883. 
uv. 

f. Skeleton ; 2 dasias Babu H. M. Roy, 1886. 

g. Skeleton a eae Zoological Gardens, 1887, 


Genus MOSCHUS. 
Moschus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 91 (1766). 


The genus Moschus is now generally allowed to consist of a 
single species only, though others have been from time to time 
described on mere colour variations and on other insufficient 
grounds. 


172 MAMMALIA. 


Moschus moschiferus. 


Moschus moschiferus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p. 91 (1766) ; Hodgson 
Gleanings in Science, iii, p. 320, pl. xxi; Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., p. 108; 
Walker Calc. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 267.; Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, 
p. 576; Middendorf Siberische Reise., p. 118; Adams P. Z.S., 1858, 
p. 528; Schrenck Amurland, p.161; Radde Ost Siberien, p. 274; Blyth 
Cat., p.157; Milne Edwards Ann.Sci. Nat. (5), ii, p. 154, pl. iv, fig. 1; 
Ferdon Mamm., p. 266 ; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p.41 (with plate 
of head); Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., p. 176, pls. xix, xx; Blanford 
F.A.S.B., xli, p. 39; Flower P. Z. S., 1875, p. 159; Lydekker F. A. S.B., 
xlvi, p. 286; id. ¥.A.S.B., xlix, p.4; Scully P.Z.S., 1881, p. 209. 

Moschus sibiricus, Pallas Spic. Zool., xiii, p. 29, pls. iv, v, vi, (1779). 

Moschus altaicus, Eschscholtz Isis., p. 606 (1830). 

Moschus chrysogaster 

‘ Hodgson F. A. S. B., viii, p. 203 (1839); id. ¥. A. 
S. B., xi, p. 285. 


Moschus leucogaster 
Moschus saturatus 


The Musk Deer; Kusturee or Russ, Kashmiri; Kastura, Hind; 
La or Lawa, Tibetan; Ribjo in Ladak; Bena in Kunawar; Gan 
Pahoo, Assamese. 

Disiribution.—Eastern Central Asia, from Amurland (Schrenck) 
and Transbaikalia and even further north, through Mongolia and 
Thibet to the Himalayas; in the latter is found from Gilgit to 
Bhootan at considerable elevations; Milne Edwards also gives the 
mountains of Cochin-China as a locality for the species. 


a, Skin @ Sikkim L, Mandelli, 1877. 
é. Skin @ Basalgah, Gilgit, 7-79 J. Scully, 1888. 
c. Skin welies No history, A. S. B. 
d. Skin é Ladak J. Biddulph, 1877. 
e. Skin é senewg Sir W. W. Hunter, 1886. 
Ff. Skin, @ Ladak J. Biddulph, 1877. 
g. Skin = juv. Basalgah, Gilgit, 7-79 J. Scully, 1888. 
A. Skin juv. Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. 
j. Skin juv. Yarkand J. Armstrong. 
&. Skin Juve wae No history. 
1, Skeleton sass W. Rutledge, 1874. 
uv. 
m. Stuffed é North of Simla F. Stoliczka [Ex.], 1869. 
n. Skeleton, acne No history. 
tnted. 
o. Skull 2 Gilgit J. Scully (1888). 
p. Skull é toseee G. T. Lushington (1849), 
: A.S.B, 
q-s. 3 Skulls ¢ @ causes A.S.B. 
2 


Genus CERVULUS. 


Cervulus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 77 (1816)*. 
Stylocerus, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v., p. 319 (1827). 
Prox, Ogilby P.Z. S.4 p. 135 (1836). Type, C. muntjac 
Muntjacus, Blyth F.A.S. B., xx, p. 174 (1851), 


CERVULUS. 173 


_ The genus Cervulus is confined to the Indian and the south-east- 
ern parts of the Palzarctic regions. Besides the species men- 
tioned below, there exists C, sclateri (—C. lacrimans) and C. cri- 
nifrons, both from China. 

The Indian form of Cervulus muntjac was at one time thought 
to differ specifically from the Sumatra and Javan form, and the 
point does not yet seem to be quite satisfactorily decided. I have, 
however, followed Sir V. Brooke (P. Z. S., 1874, p. 33) in uniting 
the two forms under the name of C. muntjac. 


Cervulus muntjac. 


Cervus muntjak, Zimmerman Geog. Geschichte, ii, p. 131 (1780); Raffles 
Linn, Trans, xiii, p. 265; Sykes P.Z.S., 1831, p. 104; Elliot Madr. Fourn., 
x, p. 221; Cantor F. A. S.B., xv, p 269; Walker Calc. Fourn. N. H., iii, 
p. 267; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., xi, p. 25. 

Cervus vaginalis, Boddaert Elench. Anim.,, i, p. 136-(1785)*. 

Cervulus moschatus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 77 (1816)*. 

Cervus (Stylocerus) aureus, 1. Smith, Grifith Ann. Kingd., iv, p.148 (1827). 

Cervus ratwa, Hodgson As, Res., xviii, pt. 2, p. 139, with plate (1829) ; id. 
F. ALS. B., x, p.9i4; Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 578. 

Prox moschatus, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 135 (1836). 

Cervus melas, Ogilty Royle Himal. Bot., p. \xxiii (1839). 

Muntjacus vaginalis, Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 174 (1851). 

Stylocerus muntjacus, Kelaart Prodr, Faun. Zeylan., p. 85 (1852). 

Cervulus vaginalis, Adams ?.Z. S., p. 530 (1858); Blyth Cat., p. 154; 
Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1869, p. 652. 

Cervulus aureus, ferdon Mamm., p. 264; McMaster Notes on F$erdon, p. 94; 
Blyth F.A.S.B., xliv, Burma List, p.46; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, 

. ii, p. 25 [ plate of head]. 

Cervulus muntjac, Brooke P. Z. S., p. 38 (1874) ; P. L. Sclater P. Z.S., 1875, 
p. 421 ; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 337+ 


The Kakur, Barking Deer or Rib-faced Deer of North India; the 
Jungle sheep of South India; and the Red Hog Deer of Ceylon; 
Kakur, Hind.; Maya, Bengalee; Ratwa of Nepaulese; Bekra, 
Mahratti; Kankuri, Canarese ; Jungli bukra of South India Mus- 
salman; Karsiar of Bhooteas ; Sikku of Lepchas ; Gutra of Gonds ; 
Kuka gori, Telegu ; Welly or Hoola Morha of Singalese ; Hoogeree 
of Assam ; Gee of Burma. 

Distribution.—The Kakur is found all over India, Burma, Indo- 
China, the Malay peninsula and the Islands of Sumatra, Java, Banka, 
Borneo and Hainan (Swinhoe). In India proper it is found from 
Kashmir (Hugel) in the north to Ceylon (Kelaart) on the south ; 
it is replaced in Eastern Thibet and South China by the next 
species and by C. sclateri. 


a. Skin (flat) taveee India Mus., London, 1880. 
6. Skin (flat) g@ Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London, 1880. 
c. Skin (flat) Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 

7-68. 


d. Skin (flat) Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
7-68, 


174 MAMMALIA. 


e. Skin (flat) Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
7-68. 

Jf Shin (flat) juv. Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
7-68. 

g. Skin (flat) juv. Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 


7-68. 

h. Skin g Ceylon Columbo Museum, 1888, 
j. Skin, skelet. 9 alies Rajah R. Mullick, 1877. 

&. Skin 9 juv. scans Zoological Gardens, 1878, 
. Skin ¢ juv ‘ Zoological Gardens, 1880, 
m. Skull oi A.S.B. : 
n. Skull é oesate P. Homfray (1843), A.S.B. 
v. Skull ¢ Dibrugahr, Assam Purchased, 1879. 

g. Skulland skin g Shevaroy Hills, Madr. Mrs. W. King, 1888. 

of head, 

q. Skull é ieatete A.S.B. 

7. Skull a ee A.S.B. 

s. Skull gS Nepal B. H. Hodgson, 1844, A.S.B. 
t. Skull, skelet. 4 aveeeee Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. 
wu. Skull Oy. esse . A.S.B. 

v. Frontlet & Sanda Valley, 7-68 J. Anderson, 

w. Frontlet @ Sanda Valley, 7-68 J. Anderson. 

«. Frontlet é atatcse A. Masters, 1842, A.S.B. 
y. Frontlet @ Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1846, A.S.B. 
z. Frontlet é@ Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1846, A.S.B. 
a®. Stuffed é seaawe Zoological Gardens, 1877. 
6%, Skeleton ¢ soeees No history. 

mted. 

c*. Flat skin sues India Mus., London, 1880. 
d@. Skeleton ¢ juv. atte Zoological Gardens, 1880. 


Cervulus reevesi. 


Cervus reevesi, Ogilby P.Z.S., p. 105 (1838); Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p. 
93; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1862, p. 361; Blyth Cat., p. 155; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 
1870, p. 644; Brooke P. Z, S., 1874, p. 41, pl. ix; Sclater P. Z. S., 1875, 
p. 422, pl. li, fig. 2. 

Cervulus micrurus, Sclater P. Z. S., p. 421, pl. li (1875). 


Distribution.—Southern China from Canton northwards to 
Ningpo and Formosa. 


@.Skin skull ¢ deeds Zoological Gardens, 1879. 
6. Skull @ Formosa, R. Swinhoe, 1860, 


Genus CERVUS. 


Cervus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 92 (1766). 

Dama, 4. Smith, Grigith An, Kingd., v, p. 306 (1827) [as a sub-genus]. 
Type, C. dama. 

Rusa, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 309 (1827) [as a sub-genus]. 
Type, C. aristotelis. 

Axis, H. Smith, Grifith An, Kingd. v, p. 312 (1827) [asa sub-genus]. 
Type, C. axis, 


Recurvus, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., i, p. 154 (1838). Type, C. duvaucelli, 


CERVUS. 175 


. Panolia, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 180 (1843). Type, C. eldi. 
Hyelaphus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens, Akad. Handl., p. 180 (1844)*. Type, 
C. porcinus. 


An excellent account of the genus Cervus, which has been 
followed in the catalogue below, will be found in the Proceedings 
of the Zoological Society for 1878, by Sir Victor Brooke. 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a. With only one brow antler; rhinarium extensive, completely 
surrounding the nostrils, the upper margin being slightly 
concave. 


é. Brow antler forms an acute angle with the beam which 
bifurcates to form two strong tines only. ; 
[=sub-genus Rusa.] 


c. Of large size, from 4 to 5 ft. high at the shoulder. 
C. aristotelis, p. 176. 


e?, Of small size, about 2 ft. to 2 ft. 6 in, at the shoulder; the 
outer tine always surpasses the inner tine in length. 
C. porcinus, p. 178. 


8°, Brow antler at right angles to the beam sometimes forked 
and sometimes developing supplemental tines; adults 
unspotted. : . . [=sub-genus Recurvus.] 


d. Beam bifurcates very early within a few inches of the 
basal tine and forms a crown of very long tines far 
surpassing the undivided beam in length. 

C. schomburgki, p. 180. 


d*, Undivided beam much longer, so that the crown is 
formed of short tines which are much shorter than the 
undivided beam. . C. duvauceli, p. 179. 


4%, Brow antler forms with the beam a continuous curve; a 
supplemental tine frequently developed at the junction of 
the beam and brow antler ; adults unspotted [=sub-genus 
Recurvus, pt. ] < ‘ : . C. eldi, p. 180. 


4+, Brow antler at right angles to the beam, which forms two 
tines only above; adults constantly spotted. 
C, axis, p. 181. 


a™ With two brow antlers; rhinarium not extensive, the in- 
franarial portion completely absent, and the prenarial por- 
tion much constricted. =:sub-genus Elaphus. 


e. The two brow antlers of approximately the same 
length, =. : . . C. affinis, p. 184, 


176 MAMMALIA. 


e* The second brow antler considerably exceeds the 
first in length. . C. cashmerianus, p. 184. 


Cervus aristotelis. 


Cervus aristotelis, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 2nd ed., iv, p. 503 (1823)*; Walker 
Calc. fourn. N.H., iii, p. 267; Blyth F. A. 8. B xi, p. 449; Brooke P. 
Z. S., 1878, p. 901; Pollok Sport in Brit. Burma., i, p. 139. 

Cervus leschenaultii, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 2nd ed., iv (1823)*. 

Cervus hippelaphus, afud Duvaucel As. Res., xv, p. 157, with plate (1825) ; 
Elliot Madr, Fourn., x, p. 220; Blyth F. A. S.B., xi, p. 449; Blyth F. A. 
S. B., xx, p. 174; Kelaart Prodr, Faun. Zeylan., p. 83. 

Cervus (Rusa) aristotelis, H. Smith, Grifith An. Kingd., iv, p. 110 (1827). 

Cervus (Rusa) unicolor, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv., p. 108 (1827), 

Cervus jarai, Hodgson Gleanings in Science, iii, p. 321, pl. xxi (1831); id. 
F.A.S. B.,i, p. 66, pl. v. 

Cervus equinus, apud Sykes P. Z. Sy p. 104 (1831). 


Rusa jaraya 
Rusa napalensis Hodgson F. A. S. B., X, p. 914 (1841). 


Rusa heterocurvus 
Rusa aristotelis, Blyth Cat. p. 150 (1863); $erdon Mamm., p. 256; 

McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 68; Blyth F.A.S.B., xliv, Burma List, 

p- 45; Kinloch Large Game Skooting, li, p. 24; Gilbert $. Bomb. Soc., 

lii, p. 224, : 

Sambur in the plains; Gerow in the Himalayas, and Elk in 
Southern India and Ceylon; Sambur, Hind. and Mahratta ; Jarai or 
Jarao of the Paharris of the Himalayas; Maha inthe Terai; 
Mahao of the Gonds ; Cadavi, Canarese; Kannadi, Telegu; Ghous 
or Gaoj in Eastern|Bengal; Gona Rusa, Cingalese ; Khatkhowah 
Pohoo, Assamese ; Schap, Burmese. | 

Distribution.—India generally from the Himalayas to the extreme 
south and Ceylon; not found west of the Sutlej (Kinloch), but 
extending eastward through Assam, Burma and Siam to Hainan ? 

Cervus equinus is said by Brooke (/. ¢.) to come from Borneo 
and Sumatra, and he also suggests that it may possibly turn out 
to be indistinguishable from the true Cervus aristotelis. In the 
Museum collection all the heads coming from Assam and Burma 
differ markedly from the true Indian heads, in that the outer tine 
always surpasses the inner tine in length, while in the true Indian 
forms the outer and inner tines are of approximately equal length ; 
this is the difference as noted by Brooke between Cervus aristo- 
telis and C. equinus; it is therefore quite possible that it is not . 
the true Cervus aristotelis that is found in Assam and Burma, but 
the allied species Cervus equinus. 


a Skull and g Assam F. Jenkins (1846), A.S.B. 
horns. 

oe Skull and g Assam E, V. Westmacott (1866), 
horns, A.S. B. 

¢ Skull and g Arakan Sir A. Phayre (1847), A.S.B. 


horns. 


d. Skull and ¢ 


horns. 

e. Skull and g 

horns. 

Ff. Skull and ¢ 

horns. 

g. Skull and ¢@ 

horns. 

A, Skull and ¢ 

horns. 

j. Skull and ¢ 

horns, 

& Skull and ¢ 
horns. 

2. Skull and @ 

horns, 

m. Skull and ¢@ 
horns(de- 
formed). 

n, Skull, pt. g 
and horns. 

o-p, 2Frontlets ¢ 

mted. 


g-t. 4 Frontlets 
u. Frontlet ¢ 
vf3, 11 Front- ¢ 
lets, mted. 
g?-h3, 2Frontlets ¢ 
juv. 
~7%. Cast hoins ¢ 
mted. 
#?, Cast horns ¢ 
mted. 
Mp7, 5 prs. cast g 
horns 
mted. 
g?. Upr. horns g 
7?, 1 pr. horns g 
s?, 1 pr-horns g 
#. Horns 
uw, Horns 
v*, Horns 
w. Horns 
x23, 3 Single 
horns. 
a3.58, 2 Single 
horns. 
c8, Single’ 
horn. 
a’, Skull and @ 
skin of 
head. 
e8, Skull,skele- 9 
ton. 
, Skull and ¢ 
skin of 
head. 


Os Op BOB; 


CERVUS, 


Rewah, N.-W. P. 
Rewah, N.-W. P. 


server 
eoevee 


Arakan 


Assam 
Assam 


Mirzapur dist. 
Mirzapur dist. 
Mirzapur dist. 
(Cast, 11-3-82 ] 
” 2-3-81 
” 27-4-81 
” 23-5-80 


177 
Raia Mullick (1846), 
A.S.B. 
Dr, Waller [Ex.], 1879. 
Dr. Waller [Ex.], 1879. 
No history. 
No history. 
No history. 
J. Cockburn, 1886, 
AS.B. 


No history, A.S.B. 

Sir A. Phayre, 1847, A.S.B. 
H. Butcher, 1879. 

No history, A.S.B. 

No history, A.3.B. 

No history, A.S.B. 

‘Purchased 1848, A.S.B. 
R. C, Beavan. 

No history, A.S.B. 

J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. 

J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. 

J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. 
Zoological Gardens, 1882. 
Zoological Gardens, 1882. 
Zoological Gardens, 1882, 
Zoological Gardens, 1882. 
A.S.B. 

R.C. Beavan 1865, A.S.B. 
Hon. Justice Norman, 


Rajah R. Mullick, 1880. 


Zoological Gardens, 1880. 


Rajah R. Mullick, 1883. 


178 MAMMALIA, 


g*. Skin, skull g seaey Zoological Gardens, 1883, 
and horns. 

h§, Skin and g ([Castrated] O. L. Fraser, 1874. 
skeJet. 

j*. Skin} and 9 ieueen W. Rutledge, 1877. 
skelet. 

AX. Skeleton g taunt Barrackpore Menagerie, 1845, 
mted. A.S.B. 

7, Head stuff g Central India S. R. Tickell, 1846, A.S.B. 
ed. 

m®. Skull saauie Purchased,'A.S.B. 

n’, Frontlet @ Banda_dist. J. Cockburn, [P.], 1886, 


‘Cervus swinhoii. 


Rusa swinhoii, P. LZ. Sclater P. Z. S., p. 152, pl. xvii (1862) ; Swinhoe, 
P.Z. Ss, 1862, p. 364; P.L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., vii, p. 349, pl. xxxix. 
Cervus swinhoii, Brooke, P. Z. S., p. got (1878). 


Distribution.—F ormosa. 
uw, tpr. horns g [Cast, 29-4-82 J] Zoological Gardens. 


Cervus porcinus. 


Cervus porcinus, Zimmermann Spec. Geogr. Quad., p. 532 (1777) ; McCle- 
land P. Z. S., 1839, p- 150; Hutton F. A.S. B. xv, p. 150; Brooke 
P. Z. S., 1878, p. 902 ; Anderson Zool. Anat. Res., p. 340. 

Cervus (Axis) porcinus, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd.,, iv, p. 119 (1828) ; 
Hodgson. F. A. 8S. B., x, p. 914. 

Hyelaphus porcinus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl., p. 189 
(1844)* ; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 530 ; Blyth Cat., p. 153; id. ¥.A. 8. By 
xliv, Burma List, p. 45; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 60. 

Axis oryzus, Kelaart Prodr. Faun, Zeylan., p. 83 (1852) ; Blyth F. A. S.B., 
xxiii, p. 217. 

Axis paren Ferdon Mamm., p. 262 (1867); McMaster Notes on $erdon, 
p. 91; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 32 (with plate of head). 


The Hog Deer; Para, Hindustani; Khar laguna and Leghuna 
in the Nepal terai; Nuthrini haran in parts of Bengal; Weel 
mooha, Cingalese; Drai, Burmese. 

Disiribution—From Punjab and Sind through the -Gangetic 
valley and Assam to Burma; it is said to be found in Central 
India, but this seems doubtful; is not found in Malabar but occurs 
in the lower parts of Ceylon whither possibly it may have been 
imported. This deer is confined to the low lands near the 
Tivers and never ascends into the hills. 

a. Skin @  Tsitkaw, nr.Bhamo J. Anderson, 1875 


6. Skin skelet. 2 Ape Rajah R. Mullick, 1876, 
ce. Skeleton Rajah R. Mullick, 1876. 


eae Zoological Gardens, 1877. 
wakew's Zoc logical Gardens, 1878, 


H. P. Vierre, 1868, 


g 
d.Skeleton 
e. Skeleton ¢ 

J. Skeleton 9 


CERVUS, 179 


g. Skull Q saaete Rajah R. Mullick, 1852, A.S.B. 
hk. Stuffed ¢ esi Zoological Gardens, 1877. 
gj. Skull and ¢ saat No history, 'A.S.B. 
horns. 
k, Skull and @ santas No history, A.S.B. 
horns, 
2. Skull a juv. saeees Rajah R. Mullick, 1857, A.S.B. 
m. Skull go juv. eseyee No history, A.S.B. 
au, 8 Frontletsg Assam H, Butcher, 1879. 
v-y. 4 Frontlets@ Assam H. Butcher, 1879. 
z-a*, 2 Frontlets¢@ Martaban R. C .Beavan, 1865, A.S.B. 
&-n?, 12 Front- g seaees No history, A.S.B. 
lets. 
o. Skull Q Re R. G. W. Frith, 1843, A.S.B. 
Cervus hippelaphus. 


Cervus hippelaphus, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 37d ed., iv, p. 40 (1825)*: Brooke 
P. Z. S., 1878, p. 903. 

Cervusrussa, Miiller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 217, pls. xliii and xlv, 
figs. 1-6 (1844) ; Blyth $. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 480 [foot-note. ] 

Cervus tunjac, afud Blyth Cat., p. 151 (1863). 


Distribution.—Java and several other islands into which it has 
probably been introduced by human agency; it is still a question 
as to whether the Timor and Molucca Deer are distinct; it has 
also been introduced into Mauritius (see Blyth J.A.S.B., xxiv 

. 480). 

: All the specimens of this deer in the Museum were in the 
old Asiatic Society’s Collection and have lost their labels, so that 
itis impossible to identify the specimens with the list given in 
Blyth’s catalogue, but I suspect that the two of the small frontlets 
are those catalogued by Blyth at “ h” and “i,” coming from Timor, 
in which case they are representatives of the form described by 
Blainville as Cervus timoriensis. 


a-b, 2 Skulls and g seat No history, A. S. B. 
horns. 
cj. 7 Frontlets aaa No history, A. S. B. 
&. Horns 1 pr. g Moluccas Zoological Gardens, 1869. 
2. Skin, skelet. 9 = suue - Zoological Gardens, 1882, 
m. Skulland Gf ss savuve Zoological Gardens, 1882. 
horns. 


Cervus duvauceli. 


Cervus duvancelii, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 4th ed., vi, p. 89, pl. cci, figs. 6, 7 
and 8 (1835); Anonymous $. A. S. B., v, p. 240; P. L. Sclater 
Trans. Zool. Soc., vii, p. 346, pl. xxxvi; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 905. 

Cervus bahrainja, Hodgson, P. Z. S., p. 99 (1834). 

Cervus elaphoides; Hodgson ¥. A, S. B., iv, p. 648, pl. liii, fig. 4,” 
(1835). 

N 2 


130 MAMMALIA. 


Cervus (Recurvus) elaphoides, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., i, p. 154 (1838) ; 
id. F. A. S. B., x, p. 914. ; 

Recervus duvaucelii, Gray Cat. Mamm., B. M., iii, p. 203 (1852); Blyth 
Cat., p. 150; id. P. Z. S., 1867, p. 835, figs. 1—5; Blanford, F. A. S. B., 
XXxXvi, p. 197; Ferdon Mamm., p 254. 


The Swamp Deer; Barasingha, Hind.; Baraya or Maha in the 
Nepal terai; Jhinkar in the Kyarda Doon; Potiya haran in 
Monghyr; Goen or Goenjak ¢ Gaoni ¢ in Central India. 

Distribution—The Terai from the Kyarda Doon in the west 
to Bootan and Assam in the east, also along the Brahmapootra to 
the Sunderbunds. In Upper Bengal from Midnapore to the 
Mandla district in the Central Provinces, confined to low marshy 


country. 


a. Skin 9 waeluan Zoological Gardens, 1877. 
6. Skeleton @ aistins Rajah R. Mullick. 
ce. Skeleton ¢ avanes Zoological Gardens, 1877. 
d.Skeleton ¢ a onai Rajah of Kuch Behar, 1879. 
e. Skull, horns g niates No history, A.S.B. 
k-g. 2 Skulls é re, No history, A.S.B. 
h. Skull Sjuv. sae ‘ Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. 
j- Frontlet  o¢ Assam H. Butcher, 1879. 
&. Frontlet g Tezpur, Assam H. Butcher, 1879. 
2. Frontlet g Lakhimpur, Assam H. Butcher, 1879. 
m. Frontlet é Shillong, Assam Purchased, 1879. 
x, Frontlet é ere 'T. Hardwicke, 1822, A.S B. 
o. Frontlet é swine R. W. G. Frith, 1842, A.S.B. 
p-u.6Frontlets satan No history, A.S.B. 
v.11 pr. horns g Sergoojah, Chota Nag- J. Cockburn, [P.] 1886. 
pore. 
w.1 pr. horns g- [Cast, 2-4-82 ] Zoologica) Gardens. 
x.1pr.horns ¢ esses No history, A.S.B. 
y-c2. 5 single ¢ isones No history, A.S.B. 
horns 
@. Skull $ ateaes Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. 


Cervus schom burgki. 


Recurvus schomburgki, Blyth P. Z.S., p. 155 (1863) ; id. P. Z. S.,_ 1867, p. 
835, figs. 6-12; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1872, p. 798. 

Cervus schomburgki, Brooke P. Z. S., p. 304, figs. 1 and 2 (1876); P. L. 
Sclater, P. Z. S., 1877, p. 682 [with woodcut of head]; Brocke, P.Z.S., 
1878, p- 905. . 
Distribution.—Northern Siam and the Shan States. 


a. Skin (flat)? Sanda Valley, Yunnan J. Anderson, 1878. 
6. Frontlet ¢ tenees No history, A. S. B. 


Cervus eldi. 


P Cervus smithii, Gray P. Z.S., p. 45 (1837). 
‘‘Nondescript Species of Deer,” McClelland Calc. Fourn. N. H., i, p. S01, 
pl. xii, figs. 1@ and 1 (1841). 


CERVUS. ‘181 


Cervus eldit, Anonymous Calc. Fourn. N. H.,ii, p. 417, pl. xii (1842); Beavan 
P. Z.S., 1867, p. 759; Swinhoe P. Z. S. 1869, p. 653, figs. 1-3; P. L. 
Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., vii, p. 348, pls. xxxvii, xxxviii; Brooke P. Z. S., 
1878, p. 906. . 

Cervus frontalis, McClelland Calc. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 401, pl. xiil, xiv 
(1843); Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 296; Pollok Sport in Brit. Burma, i, 
p. 142. 

Panolia acuticornis, Gray List Mamm., B, M., p. 180 (1843); Cantor F. A. 
S. B., &V, p. 272. 

Panolia platyceros, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 181 (1843). 

Cervus lyratus, Schinz Synop. Mamm., ii, p. 395 (1845). 

Cervus dimorphe, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xii, p. 897, with plate (1845). 

Panolia eldii, Gray P. Z. S., p..229 (1850); Blyth F. A. S. B.,, xxxi, p. 334; 
Blyth Cat., p. 149; Blyth P. Z. S., 1867, p. 835; Beavan F. A. S.B., 
xxxvi, p.175; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p.45. 


Thaimine of Burmese; Sungnai of Muniporees. 

Distribution From Munipur in the north through Burma to 
the northern part of the Malay peninusula (Cantor) and through 
Cambodia to Hainan (Swinhoe); is common in the Pegu and 
Martaban plains of Lower Burma (Beavan). 


a. Skull and ¢ Munipur J. McClelland (1844), A.S.B. 
horns. : 

6. Skulland # Munipur J. McClelland (1844), A.S.B. 
horns. 

c. Skall and g¢ Munipur J. McClelland (1844), A.S.B. 
horns, 

d, Skull and g Munipur Purchased (1861), A. S. B. 
horns. 

e. Frontlet @ Munipur Purchased (1861), A. S. B. 

f. Frontlet g Munipur G. ion a (1861), 

A.S. B. 

g-h. 2 Skulls g Pegu Sir A. Phayre (1847), A.S.B. 
j. Frontlet g Pegu Sir A. Phayre (1847), A S.B. 
&, Skull, g@ Rangoon Bazaar Dr. Pritchard (1861),-A.S. B. 

horns. 
2. Skull, 4 Sitang River, Tenas- Major Berdmore (1856), 
horns. serim A. S. B. 


m. Frontlet g Martaban, Tenasserim R. C. Beavan (1865). 
n. Frontlet g “ brought from Penang” H. Lewis (1846), A. S. B. 
B. 


o-p. one Q@ Rangoon Bazaar E. Blyth (1861), A. S. 
: heads. 
gq Skull @ Rangoon Genl. Fytche (1868). 


Cervus axis. 


Cervus axis, Erxleben Syst. Reg. An., p. 312 (1777) ; Elliot Madr. Fourn., 
x, p. 221; Blyth F. A. S.B., xi, p 12023 Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 907. 

Cervus (Axis) axis, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 117 (1828). 

Cervus nudipalpebra, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 136 (.831). 

pe eet Hodgson F. A. S.B, x, p.9i4 (1841). 

Axis maculata, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 178 (1843); Cantor FA S.B, 
XV, pe 270; Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p.174; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan, 


182 MAMMALIA. 


p- 82; Adams P.Z. S., 1858, p. 530; Blyth Cat., p. 152; Ferdon Mamm., 
p- 260; McMaster Notes on $erdon, pp. 89 and 207; Kinloch Large 
Game Shooting, ii, p. 28 [with plate of head]; Pollok Sport in Brit. 
Burma, i, p. 148. 


The Spotted Deer; Chital, Chitra, Chitri or Jhank, Hindus- 
tani; Chatidah of Bhagulpore; Boro khotiya of Rungpore; 
Buriya in Goruckpore; Saraga, Canarese; Dupi, Telegu; Lupi, 
Gond ; Tic mooha, Cingalese. 

Distribution—Indian peninsula and Ceylon, not recorded 
from the Punjab or to the east of the Bay of Bengal. It is said by 
Cantor to be common in Sumatra and the Malay peninsula, but 
is probably introduced there, is also mentioned by Radde as 
occurring in the Amoor district north of China, but this is probably 
a mistake. It occurs in the Sunderbunds and is recorded by 
Pollok from the Manass river and the Durrung both north of the 
-Brahmapootra in Assam. 


«a. Skin and 9 saviaes J. Anderson, 1878. 
skeleton. 
6. Skin @juv. a. . W. Rutledge, 1873. 
c. Skin juv. Purneah, Bengal J. Shillingford, 1871. 
d. Skin : . Zoological Gardens, 1877. 
e. Skeleton Q iieites Rajah R. Mullick, 1875. 
(skull ?) 
te eel and g¢ Manbhoom, Bengal R. C. Beavan, 1865, A.S.B. 
orns. 
g. Frontlet @ esse R. C. Beavan, 1865, A.S.B. 
h. Skull and ¢ Mirzapur dist., J. Cockburn [P.] 1886. 
horns. N.-W. P. 
jem. 4 Skulls ¢@ senses No history, A.S.B. 
and horns, 
n-r. § Frontlets 4 ws selieh No history, A.S.B. 
s-¢, 2 Skulls siaeee No history, A.S.B. 
(castrated) 
uw. Stuffed head slainise E. Higgins, 1846, A.S.B. 
é 
. Horns 1 pr.g (Shed, 10-2-77] Zoological Gardens. 
mw. Horns 1 pr.g (Shed, 7-1-78] Zoological Gardens. 
x. Horns 1 pr.g [Shed] Zoological Gardens, 1879. 
y. Horns 1 pr.g [Shed] Zoological Gardens, 1879. 
g. Skull and ¢ wees Lord Mayo, 1870. 
horns. 
a, Skull g Snax A.S.B. 
8%. Hornst pr.g [Shed, 18-3-82] Zoological Gardens. 
ce, Horns 1 pr. @ [Shed, 27-12-81] Zoological Gardens. 
d*, Horns 1 pr.g [Shed, 21-2-80] Zoological Gardens. 


e7, 4 horn é essen No history, A. S. B. 


Cervus dybowskii. 


dain han Radde Ost Siberien, i., p. 286 (1862). 
ervus dybowskii, Tacsanowski P.Z. S., p. 123, with fig. (1876). Brooke 
P. Z. S., 1878, p. 909; W.L. Sclater ¥. A. S. B., viii, p. ae A. ye 


CERVUS, 183 
Distribution. —Mantchuria extending to Thibet? 


@. Skull and skin ¢ “ Darjeeling bazaar” A.M. Dunne [Ex.], 1888, 
of head. 


Cervus sika. 


Cervus sika, Temminck and Schlegel Faun. Fap. Mamm., p. 54, pl. xvii 
(1847) ; Blyth Cat., p. 148; P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1860, p. 377; id. Trans. 
Zool. Soc. vii, p. 346, pl. xxxv; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 908. 

Rusa japonica, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H. (3) vi, p. 218 (1860); id. P. Z. S, 
1861, p. 236. 


Distribution.—Japan. 


a, Skull and @ Japan Hakodate Mus. [Ex.] 1884. 
horns, 


Cervus taévanus. 


Cervus tajouanus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p. 90 (1860); Sclater P. Z, S. 
1860, p. 376. 

Cervus taévanus, P, L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1862, p. 152, pl. xvi; Swinhoe, 
ibid, p. 362; Blyth Cat., p. 148; P.L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., vii, 
P- 345, pl. xxxiii, xxxiv; Brooke P, Z. S., 1878, p. 909. 


Distribution.—The Mountains of Formosa. 


a. Skull g Formosa R. Swinhoe (1860), A. S. B. 
(Type of Cervus taiouanus, Blyth.] 


Cervus elaphus, 


Cervus elaphus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., tath ed. i, p. 03 (1766); Blasius 
Saéugeth. Deutsch., p. 439; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxx, p 185; id. Cad, p. 147; 
Danford and Alston P. Z.S., 1877, p. 276; id. ibid., 1880, p. 54; Brooke 
P.Z.S., 1878, p. gto. 

Cervus barbarus, Bennet List An, Gard. Zool, Soc. 13th ed., p. 31 (1837)*. 


The Red Deer. 

Distribuiion—The British Isles and Europe generally, Corsica, 
Sardinia, Algeria, Asia Minor and the Caucasus; is replaced in 
Northern and Eastern Asia by an allied species; distinguished as 
C. xanthopygus by Milne- Edwards; 


a. Stuffed head g Scotland H. R. H. Prince Consort 
1861, A.S.B. 
b. Skull and ¢@ Great Britain W. Davison, 1846, A.S.B. 
horns. 
ec. Skull and g@ Great Britain W. Davison, 1846, A.S.B. 
horns. ‘ 
d-e.2¥Frontlets g Great Britain W. Davison, 1846, A.S.B, 
f. Horns pr. ¢ C. Darwin, 1846, A.S.B. 
g. Skeleton @ Scotland - J. Struthers [Ex.] 1881, 


kh. Odd horn és No history. 


184 MAMMALIA, 


Cervus eustephanus. 


Cervus eustephanus, Blanford P. Z. S.. p. 637 (1875); id. Yarkand 
Mamm., p. 90; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 912. 

? Cervus maral, Severtsoff Turk. Fev., pp. 62, 103, etct. with figs, of horns 
(1873); id. Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xvili, p. 377. 


Distribution.—Thian Shan and Altai Mountains. 


a. 1 pr. horns Thian Shan Mts. F. Stoliczka, 1874. 
[Type of Cervus eustephanus, Blanford.] 


Cervus affinis. 


4 

Cervus wallichii, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 4th ed., vi, p. 89 (1835); F. Cuvier 
Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. 39, with plate; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., x, p. 745 ; Hodg- 
son F A. S. B., xi, p. 284; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxi, p. 341; id. F. ASB, 
xxii, p. 592; id. F A. S.B., xxiii, p. 217. 

Cervus elaphus, apud Hadgson F. A. S. B., iv, p. 648, pl. liii, fig. 5 (1835). 

Cervus affinis, Hodgson $. A. S.B., x, p. 721, with plate (1841) ; id. ibid., 
p. 914; id. ¥. A. S.B., vix, with plate of horns, p. 466; Gray P.Z.S., 1850, 
p. 228; Hodgson F. A. S. B., xx, p. 388, pl. vii; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxx, 
p. 188; id., Cat., p. 146; Ferdon Mamm., p. 251; Blanford F.A.S. By 
xli, p. 39; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 913. 


The Shou of Tibetans. : 
Distribution —Eastern Tibet; this stag has been only got 
through native collectors and it seems probable that it has never 


occurred on the Indian side of the passes or indeed any nearer 
India than in the Chumbi Valley. 


a, Skin Q Thibet L. Mandelli, 1877. 
6. Skin,skull g nr. Phari, Thibet Sir A. Eden, 1882, 
and horns, 
ce. Stuffed @ = Thibet L. Mandelli, 1877. 
da, on and = @ or. Phari, Thibet A. Campbell, 1851, A. S. B, 
orns. 


foxy 


e. I pr. horns wens No history. ’ . 
Jf Upr. horns @ nr. Dhoulagiri, Thibet Barrackpore Menagerie, 
A. S.B. 
[Type of C. wallichii, Cuvier.] 


Cervus cashmeerianus. 


“ Kashmir stag,” Blyth P. Z. S., 1840, p. 79. 
aay ee Gray List Osteol. Spec. B. M., p.65 (1847); Blyth 
. A. S. B., xxiii, p. 734; Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. ; Lydekk 

7 AS B swi, pate. ii ide a 

Cervus wallichii, apud Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv p. 576 (1849) ; Blyth 
F.A.S, B., xxx, p. 188; id. Cat., p. 146; Ferdon Mamm., p. 250; Kinloch 
Large Game Shooting, i, p. 44. 

Cervus cashmeerianus, Falconer Palagwont. Memoirs, i, p. 576 (1868). 
P.L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., vii, p. 339 (with woodcut and pl. Xxx): 
Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 912; Scully ¥.A.S. B., lvi, p. 76. : 


CERVUS. 185 


The Kashmir Stag; Barasingha, Hind.; Hangul or Honglu of 
Kashmir. 

Distribution The Kashmir Valley, not extending eastwards ; 
a single horn was procured by Major Yate near Balkh in Afghan- 
Turkestan. 

Sir V. Brooke’s nomenclature has been followed for this and the 
preceding species and Cuvier’s name Cervus wallichii has been 
ignored since it seems impossible to decide with any cer- 
tainty to which species the specimen described by Baron Cuvier 
refers, The pair of horns shed by the animal whose portrait 
appears in M. F, Cuvier’s Histoire Naturelle des Mammiferes is 
still here in the Museum, C. affinis “f£”, they are the horns of 
a young stag probably in its third year, the right-hand antler is a 
simple beam with a brow and bez antler only, the brow being 
considerably the longest ; the left-hand antler bears, in addition to 
the brow and bez antlers, a third the royal, but in this case the 
bez surpasses the brow in length; in the case of the Tibetan stag 
(Cervus affinis), the brow and bez are approximately of the 
same length, whereas in the case of the Kashmir stag the bez 
is generally considerably the longer of the two; so that, as far as 
the respective lengths of the brow and bez antlers are concerned, 
there is no ground for considering C. wallichii to be either the 
Kashmir or Tibetan stag. 

The antlers present no other points of note which throw any 
light on their affinity. 

The stag which bore the antlers in question is said to have been 
brought from near Mt. Dhoulagiri to the north of Nepal on the 
further side of the snowy range, and it therefore seems probable 
that the animal really was, as Jerdon thought, a deformed young 
specimen of Cervus affinis. 


a. Skulland g Kashmir Valley R. Lyddekker [Ex.], 1878. 
horns. : 
b-c. 2 Frontlets g Fare'se No history. 
d. i pr.horns ¢ xahinai No history. 
e-f. 2 horns a 5 satin Purchased, 1872. 
g. Single horn ¢ rere R. C. Beavan. 
&. Single horn ¢ Oxus River nr. Balkh CC. E. Yate, 1887. 


Cervus canadensis. 


Cervus canadensis. Brxleben Syst Reg. An. p. 305 (1777); Blyth F.A.S. Bi, 
X, p. 737; id. ibid, xxii, p. 592; id. Cat, p.146; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, 
P- 913. 

Cervus wapiti, Leath Fournal de Physique, \xxxv, p. 66 (1818)*. 


The Wapiti. 


Distribution.—Alleghanies, Minnisota, Dakota, Nebraska, Wash- 
ington, Oregon and California, northwards to 57°, N Lat. 


186 MAMMALIA. 


a. Skinand Q aces Zoological Gardens, 1882. 
skeleton 
&. Skin @ North America Brit. Mus. [Ex.] 1879. 
c. Skall, horns ¢ setae No history. 
ad. Frontlet & sapes Purchased, 1859, A. S. B. 
e. Frontlet go age No history. 
. Skin juv. ¢ iat Zoological Gardens, 1881. 


Cervus dama. 


Cervus dama, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 93 (1766); Blasius Saugeth- 
Deutsch., p. 453; $ettteles, Sclater, Boyd Dawkins and Brooke Nature: 
xi, pp. 71, 112, 210and 226; Brooke P. Z. S , 1878, p. 913. 

Cervus (Dama) dama, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 84 (1827). 

Dama vulgaris, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 181, (1843); Blyth Cat., 
p. 148. 

The Fallow Deer. 
Distribution. —Circum-Mediterranean, 7.e.,Greece, Spain, Asia 

Minor, Sardinia, Algeria and Northern Palestine, introduced into 

England. 


a. Skull @ Great Britain W. Davison, 1846, A.S B. 
& Frontlet gf = aaaees C. Darwin, 1857, A.S.B. 
c. Frovtlet Sf = ase E. Blyth, A.S.B. 
d. Skull é aavinds No history. 
e-f. 2SkeletonsQ ae Rajah R. Mullick. 
ze. Skull Oa Rajah R. Mullick. 
A. Skull 9 —— Reeeteee No history, A.S.B. 
j. Skull . i W. Rutledge, 1881, 
&. 1 pr. horns ¢ scasts No history, A.S B. 
den.goddhornsf aca C. Darwin, A.S.B. 


Genus ALCES. 
Alces, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 303 (1827) [as a sub-genus]. 


Alces machlis. 


Cervus alces, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. 92 (1766). 

Cervus (Alces) alces, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 72 (1827). 

Alces machlis, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 135 (1836) ; Blyth Cat., p. 145; Brooke 
P. Z. S., 1878, p. 916. 

Alces americanus, ¥ardine Nat. Libr., xi, p. 125 (1837). 

Alces palmatus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 182 (1843) ; Blasius Saugeth, 
Deutsch., p. 434. 


The Elk or Moose. 

Distribution —Sweden, Northern Russia, Siberia and North 
America from the Columbia river on the west and Maine on the 
east coast northwards (Brooke). 


a. Skull @ Scandinavia. Christiania Univ., 1846,A.S.B. 
6. Frontlet gf oan . No history, A-S.B. 


CARIACUS. 187 


e. Skull é Abie Lake, Maine, J. G. Rich. 
U.S.A 
@. Skull t Nova Scotia H. A. Ward [Ex.], 1889. 


Genus CAPREOLUS. 
Capreolus, H. Smith, Grigith An, Kingd., v, p. 313 (1827) (as a sub-genus.] 


Capreolus capraea. 


Cervus capreolus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 94 (1766). 

Cervus (Capreolus) capreolus; H. Smith, Grifith An. Kinga., iv, p. 124 (1827); 
Blasius Séugeth. Deutsch., p. 457. 

Capreolus capraea, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 176 (1843) ; Blanford Persia, 
p- 96. 

Capreolus europaeus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p. 184 
(1844)*; Blyth Cat., p. 157. 


The Roe Deer. 
Distribution.—Europe generally, Northern Palestine, and the 
Elburz Mountains, 


a-b, 2 Skulls anaes Purchased, 1860, A.S.B. 
ce. Skull é eerees No history. 
d. Skull g Hungary? Hungarian Mus., A.S.B. 
e-g. 3 Frontlets ¢ Great Britain W. Davison, 1844,A.S.B. 
kh. Skull g Scotland Sir W. Jardine, 1850, A.S.B. 
j. Skull @ Astrabad, N. Persia B. Lovett, 1883. 
&. Skin @ Astrabad, N. Persia, B. Lovett, 1883. 


Genus CARIACUS. 


Mazama, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd,, v, p. 314 (1827) [as a sub-genus]. 
Cariacus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 175 (1843). 


Cariacus virginianus. 


Cervus virginianus, Boddaert Elench. Anim., i, p. 136 (1774)*; Baird N, 
Amer. Mamm., p. 643, figs. 12, 13*. 

Cervus mexicanus, Gmelin Syst, Nat. i, p. 179 (1788); Baird N. Amer. 
Mamm., p. 653*. 

ree ee virginianus, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 127 

1827). 

Cariacus virginianus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 175 (1843); Blyth Cat., 
p- 157; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 919. 

Cariaeus mexicanus, Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 919. 


Disirtbutton.—North America from Canada and British Colum- 
bia, southwards to Panama,*perhaps to Peru. 


a. Skull Upton, Maine, U. S. A. W. Theobald, 1868. 
6. Skull juv. isis A.D. Bartlett, 1849, A. S. B. 
e-d. 2¥Frontlets $ = serene A.S.B 


e. Frontlet ¢ testes No ne 


188 MAMMALIA. 


Ff. Skull Q Upton, Maine, U.S. A. W. Theobald, 1868. 

g. Skin, skull g Spirit Lake, Ont., J. H. Garnier [Ex.J 
11-12-84. 

hk. Skin, skull ¢ Spirit Lake, Ont., J. H. Garnier [Ex.j 
31-10-84. 


Genus RANGIFER, 


Rangifer, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 304 (1827) [as a sub-genus]. 
Tarandus, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 134 (1836). 


Rangifer tarandus. 


Cervus tarandus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i p. 93 (1766). 

Cervus (Rangifer) tarandus, H. Smith Griffith, An. Kingd., iv., p. 79 (1827). 

Tarandus rangifer, Ogilby P. Z.S., p. 134 (1836); Blyth Cat., p. 145. 

Rangifer tarandus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 181 (1843); Brooke P.Z.8., 
1878, .p. 928. 

Rangifer caribou et groenlandicus, Baird N. Amer. Manim., p. 633 (1857)*. 


Distribution.—Circumpolar, z.e., Northern Europe, Asia and 
America. : 


a. Frontlet g Scandanavia Christiania Univ., 1846, A.S.B. 
b. Frontlet fo svuse E. Blyth, A.S.B. 

ce. Skull Scandanavia Stockholm Mus. [Ex.], 1887. 
d. Skull North America W. Theobald, 1868. 

e. Skull iat) H. A. Ward [Ex.], 1889. 


Genus TRAGULUS. 


Tragulus, Pallas Spic, Zool. xiii, p. 27 (1778). 
Meminna, Gray Ann, Philos. xvi (1825)*. 

There has been a great deal of confusion in the synonymy of 
this genus; Milne Edwards published in 1864 a monograph 
on the subject and first elucidated matters. Besides T. mem- 
minna, which is quite distinct, there seem to be two well-marked 
forms and several varieties which are doubtfully worthy of specific 
distinction; the typical T. napu is of a grayish tinge and has 
two varieties, one unnamed, reddish with a strongly marked 
nuchal stripe, the other called T. stanleyanus of Gray, a still 
brighter red without any trace of the nuchal stripe; of the 
smaller forms, the one best known is T. kanchil, the other T. 
javanicus, is said to be distinguishable from T. kanchil, but is 
apparently confined to the island of Java and there is no representa- 
tive of it in the Museum. 


Key of the Indiay Species. 


a. Body spotted . ‘ ‘ T. memminna, p. 189. 

a*, Body not spotted 
b. Larger, tarsus and hind-foot, 5°8 inches, with 5 white 
throat stripes. 5 i T. napu, p. 190. 


TRAGULUS. 189 


62, Smaller, tarsus and hind-foot, 48 inches, with 3 white 
throat stripes . T. kanchil, p. 189. 


Tragulus memminna. 


Moschus memminna. Erxleben Syst. Reg. An., p. 322 (1777); Sykes P. Z. Sy 
1831, p.104; Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 220; Tickell Calc. Fourn. N. H- 
i, p. 420; Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 96. 

Meminna indica, Gray P. Z. S., p. 63 (1836); Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 174; 
Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 81 ; Blyth Cat., p. 155; Ferdon Mamm., 
p. 269; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 98. 

Tragulus mimenoides, Hodgson 7. A.S B., x., p. 914 (1841). 

Tragulus memminna, A. Milne Edwards Ann. Sci. Nat. (5), ii, p. 160 
(1864) ; Blyth P. Z. S., 1864, p. 483. 


The Mouse-deer; Pisuri, Hindu; Burka, Canarese; Mugi of 
Central India; Yar of the Kols; Gandwa, Ooriah; Jitri Haran, 
Bengali; Kurupandi, Telegu; Walmooha, Cingalese. 

Distribution —The large forests of the Indian peninsula and 
Ceylon ; it is said to have occurred in the Himalayan Terai. 


a, Skin g Zoological Gardens, 1880. 
6, Skin, @ juv. A aaties W. Rutledge, 1881. 
skull 
ce, Skin Q juv. W. Rutledge, 1881. 
da. Skin Ceylon Columbo Museum, 1888. 
e. Skin, skele- 9 seeoat Zoological Gardens, 1880. 
ton. 
Jf. Skin, skele- g sotiny W. Rutledge, 1881. 
ton. 
g. Skin, skele-¢@ Ceylon? W. Rutledge, 1873. 
ton, 
h. Skeleton ¢ venaee W. Rutledge, 1881. 
j. Stuffed @ India Dr. MacCosh, 1835, A. S. B. 
&. Stuffed @ Ceylon Babu M. Dey, 1870. 
t. Stuffed juv. India Mrs. Lindstedt, 1842, A.S.B. 


Tragulus kanchil. 


Moschus kanchil, Raffes Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 262 (1822); Gray P. 2. S., 
1836, p. 64; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v., p. 181. 

Moschus fulviventer, Gray P. Z. S., 1836, p. 65 (1836). 

Tragulus kanchil, Gray List Mamm.B. M., p. 173 (1843); Cantor F.A.S.B., 
xv, p. 268; Blyth F.A.S.B., xxvii, p. 276; id. Cat., p.156; Milne Edwards 
Ann. Sci Nat. (5), ii, p.159; Blyth P.Z.S., 1864, p. 483; id. ¥. A. S. B., 
xliv, Burma List, p. 44; Thomas P.Z. S., 1886, pp. 72,79; Fentink Notes 
Leyd. Mus., xi, p. 25; Anderson F. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 341. 

PTragulus pelandoc, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxvii, p. 277 (1858) ; id. Caz., p. 156. 


Distribution.—Tenasserim, Siam and Cambodia, the Malay pe- 
ninsula and Sumatra. 

This species is represented in Java by nearly allied species 
Tragulus javanicus of Pallas, which seems to differ from Tragulus 
kanchil merely in the absence of the nuchal streak so con- . 


390 MAMMALIA, 


spicuous in Tragulus kanchil; Tragulus affinis described by Gray 
from Cambodia, P. Z. S., 1861, p. 138, also seems to be merely 
a geographical variety of T. kanchil. 


a. Skin é seaaé A.S.B. 
6. Skin 9 acai A.S.B. 
c. Skin Thaing, Mergui, 31-1-82 J. Anderson. 
_d. Skin 9 Pilai, Mergui, 3-3-82 J. Anderson. 
e. Skin g? Thaing, Mergui, 31-1-82 J. Anderson. 
Sf. Skin é ? Thaing, Mergui, 27-1-82 |. Anderson. 
g. Skin &  Pilai, Mergui, 7-3-82 J. Anderson. 
A. Skin Mergui, 24-2-82 J. Anderson. 
j» Skin Mergui, a1-1-82 J. Anderson. 
&. Skin és varece Zoological Gardens, 1877. 
1. Skin, skull 9 reowees W. Rutledge, 1878. 
m. Skin é $3 W. Rutledge, 1877. 
n. Skin er W. Rutledge, 1877. 
o. Skin g ase Zoological Gardens, 1880, 
pb. Skin 2 Peer W. Rutledge, 1877. 
q. Skin 2 eaptad W. Rutledge, 1877. 
r. Stuffed No history. 
s. Stuffed Perens Maharajah of Burdwan, 


(1858), A.S.B. 
#. Stuffed, skull Plembaug Isle, Suma- W. Rutledge, 1874. ~ 


traP 

* uw. Skin, ske- nance W. Rutledge, 1877. 
leton. 

v. Skin, ske- ¢ aieies W. Rutledge, 1875. 
leton. 

mw. Skin, ske- Q ae W. Rutledge, 1877. 
leton. 

x. Skin, ske- g watees W. Rutledge, 1877. 
leton. 

y. Skin, ske- @ is W. Rutledge, 1877. 
leton. 

zg. Skin, skew $a W. Rutledge, 1875. 
leton. 

a, Skin, ske- Q 0 uaaaee W. Rutledge, 1877. 
leton. 

b?-c’, 2 Skulls rae No history, A.S B. 

a?, Skeleton, ¢ vous W. Rutledge, 1872. 

mted. 


Tragulus napu. 


Moschus napu, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., live. 37, with plate (1822). 

Moschus javanicus, afud Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 261 (1822); Gray 
P. Z.S., 1836, p. 64. : 

Tragulus javanicus, apud Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 173 (1843) ; Cantor 
F.A.S.B., xv, p. 209; Blyth ¥. A. S. B, xxvii, p. 277; id. Cat., p. 155. 

Tragulus fuscatus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxvii, p. 278 (1850). 

Tragulus napu, Milne Edwards Ann. Sci. Nat. (5), ii p. 158 (1864); Blyth 
P. Z. S., 1864, p. 483; Blanford $. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 166; Thomas 
P. 2. S., 1886, p. 71; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., xi, p. 25. 


Disiribution.—From Tenasserim (Blanford), southwards through 
the Malay peninsula, Sumatra (Raffles), Java (Blyth), Banka 
and Borneo (Jentink). 


CAMELUS, Ig1 


a, Skin 2 saaiaid W. Rutledge, 1881. 
6, Skin 2 esis W. Rutledge, 1877. 
ec. Skin, skull g Plembang Isle, Sumatra W. Rutledge, 1872. 
d, Skin, skull g Plembang Isle, Sumatra W. Rutledge, 1872, 
e Skin g  juv. savers W. Rutledge, 1876. 
f. Stuffed @ Malay peninsula W. Rutledge, 1871, 
g. Stuffed Q@ Malay peninsula W. Rutledge, 1872. 
a. Stuffed Q@ Java Batavian Soc., 1844, A.S.B. 
[Type of Tragulus fuscatus, Blyth.] 
j. Stuffed Q Java W. Rutledge. 
&. Skin, skeleton Biwi No history, 1881. 
t, Skull ee A,S.B. 


Tragulus stanleyanus. 


Moschus stanleyanus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 65 (1836). ' 
Tragulus stanleyanus, Milne Edwards Ann. Sct. Nat. (5), ii, p. 160 (1864) ; 
Blyth P, Z. S., 1864, p. 483. 


Distribution.—Malay peninsula and Java? 


a. Skin , ree . W. Rutledge, 1877. 

6. Skin 2 cooege W. Rutledge, 1879. 

c. Skin, skull ¢ sueaee W. Rutledge, 1877. 
juv. 

a. Stuffed a Java A. Grote, 1867. 

e. Stuffed Q Malay peninsula W. Rutledge, 1870, 

Sf. Stuffed 9 Malay peninsula W. Rutledge, 1870, 

g. Skin,skele- sadens W. Rutledge, 1874. 
ton. 

hk, Skin,skele- 2 suncee W. Rutledge, 1874. 
ton. 


Genus CAMELUS. 
Camelus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 90 (1766). 


Camelus bactrianus. 


Camelus bactrianus, Linneus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 90 (1766) ; Gray Cat. 
Mamm. B. M., iii, p- 253; Hutton F. A. S. B., xv, p. 167; Radde Ost Si- 
berien, p. 238; Finsch P. Z. S., 1876, p. 696 ; Severtzof Ann. Mag. N. H. 
(4), xvili, p. 170; Przewalsky Peters. Mitth. Erzb., xii, p.17; Blanford 
Persia, p. 97. 


Distribution.—The Bactrian Camel has been recently discover- 
ed in a feral state by Przewalsky (oc. czt.) in the region of Lob 
Nor in Central Asia; it is found in a domesticated condition in 
Turkestan and Central Asia generally; it appears to be but rarely 
seen in Afghanistan and Persia. 


a. Skeleton mted. ¢ toeces King of Oude, 1877. 
and skin. 
5. Skeleton é ssosie King of Oude, 1877. 


¢. Skeleton g ere . King of Oude, 1877. 


192 MAMMALIA. 


Camelus dromedarius. 


Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 90 (1766); 
Hutton and Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 162; Tristram P. Z S., 1866, p. 
87; Blyth Cat., p. 143; Blanford Persia, p. 97. 

Camelus dromas, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As. p. 197 (1831); Severtsoff Ann. 
Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 170, 

Camelus arabicus, Desmoulins ‘Dict. Class H. N., iii, p. 452 (1824-30) ; 
Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M,, iii, p. 252. 


Distribu/ton.—The One-humped Camel has never been found in 
a truly feral state; itis found domesticated in India, Afghanistan 
and Western Asia generally, and also in Northern Africa. 


a. Skin and wees Karachi Museum, 1877. 
skeleton. 

&. Skeleton ¢@ iedee’ Babu H. M. Roy, 1881. 

c. Skeleton ¢@ ere King of Oude, 1839, A.S. B. 
mted. 

@. Skull Q R. C. Tytler, 1861, A. S. B. 


e. Skull No history. 
f-g. 2skulls Jeysulmere, Rajputana N. Belletty, 1890. 


Genus AUCHENIA. 


Lama, Cuvier Tablegu Gen. in Legons d’ Anat. Comp., 1st ed. (1800)! 
Auchenia, Jiliger Prodr., p. 103 (1811). 


Auchenia glama. 


Camelus glama, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed, i, p.g1 (1766). 
Lama peruana, Tiedemann Zool, i, p. 421 (1808). 
Auchenia Llacma, Jiliger Prodr., p. 103 (1811). 
Auchenia glama, Blyth Cat., p. 144 (1863). : 


Distribution —The Andes of South America, only known in a 
domestic state. 


a, Skin, skele- ¢ emia W. Rutledge, 1881. 
ton, + 
&. Skin G  Resiaas W. Rutledge, 1881. 
c. Skin & ae W. Rutledge, 1881. 
d. Skeleton 4 ae W. Rutledge, 1881. 
e. Skeleton . W. Rutledge, 1881. 
J. Skeleton é W. Rutledge. 
g. Skeleton @  —aasene W. Rutledge, 1879. 
hk. Skeleton aaa Earl of Derby, 1850. 
mted. 
j. Stuffed seas No history. 
Genus SUS. 


Sus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 102 (1766). 


- + Afterwards abandoned by the author in favour of Auchenia. 


sus. 193 


Sus cristatus. 


Sus cristatus, Wag ner Minch, Gel, Anz., ix, p. 435 [misprinted 535] (1839); 
Gray P. Z.S., 1868, p. 27; Blyth F. A. S. B. xliv, Burma es 
Murray Zool. Sind, p. §4. , 

Sus scrofa, apud Sykes, P. Z. S.. p. 104 (1831); Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, 
p. 219; McClelland P. Z. S., 1839, p. 150; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 5313 
Blyth Cat. p. 139 (divided into several races] ; Blanford ¥, A. S. B 
xxxvi, p.197; Anderson F. Linn. Soc, xxi, p. 341. 

Sus indicus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 185 (1843); Hutton and Blyth, 
F.A.S. B., xv, p. 135; Cantor F. A. S.B., xv, p. 261; Kelaart Prodr. 
Faun, Zeylan, p. 78; Blyth F. A.S. B., xxix, p. 105; Ferdon Mamm., 
p- 241; MacMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 59; Stolizcka F. A.S.B., xli, 
‘p. 228; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 287. 

Sus aper vars, aipomus et isonotus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 911 (1841). 

Sus zeylonensis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xx, p. 173 (1851); id. FJ. 4. S. B, 
xxi, p. 351; id. ¥. A. S. B., xxix, p. 105. 

Sus bengalensis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxix, p. 105 (1860). 


The Indian Wild Boar ; Sur, Suwar, Bura janwar or Bud janwar, 
Hindustani; Dukar, Mahratti; Handi, Mikka or Jewardi, 
Canarese; Pandi, Telegu; Paddi of the Gonds; Waloora, 
Cingalese ; Tauwet, Burmese. 

Distribution.—All over India, from the Himalayas to Cape 
Comorin, Ceylon and Burma, but possibly replaced by another 
species in Tenasserim. 

It has always been a question as to whether the Indian and 
European Wild Boars differ sufficiently from one another to 
warrant their separation as distinct species; Blyth finally consi- 
dered them merely as geographical varieties of one species, Jerdon 
separated them entirely. 

On comparing the skulls of the two, slight differences are to be 
found, but it is a question if they would be constant if a larger 
series of skulls were examined. 

In the European form the parietal region of the skull above 
the eyes is flat or almost concave, not convex, as in the Indian boar; 
behind this region the skull is much reduced, so that it forms a 
narrow ridge barely a inch across, while in the Indian boar, ale 
though this part of the skull is reduced, it is very much wider 
than in the European boar. 

In the European boar, again, the nasais are longer than the rest 
of the skull measured from the naso-frontal suture to the occipital 
ridge; in the Indian boar they are generally, though not invariably, 
shorter. 

The anterior palatine foramen in the European boar is pear- 
shaped, tapering to a point posteriorly, while in the Indian boar 
it is somewhat oval-shaped and ends in a blunt point posteriorly. 
The European boar is said to have small warts under the eye 
while the Indian boar has none. 

There are in the Museum two specimens of the Yarkand wild 
boar collected by Stoliczka and described by Blanford in the 
Yarkand Mission report; the skulls of these specimens agree 


194 MAMMALIA. 


with that of the European form (S, scropha) except that the nasals 
are short and the anterior palatine foramina agree with those of 
the Indian form (Sus cristatus). 

Blyth in his catalogue further distinguished no less than four 
different Indian races, (1) the typical Indian race, with the narrow 
occipital vertex, about 114 inches wide at the narrowest point, found 
all over India and Ceylon, (2) the Bengal race, with the wide 
occipital plane, about 214 inches across, (3) the Tenasserim race 
considerably smaller; (4) a distinct Ceylonese race, with a very 
large posterior molar. 

On comparing the skulls, which have been acquired by the 
Museum since Blyth’s time with Blyth’s original specimens, the 
distinction between the Bengal race and the typical Indian race 
breaks down, and the width of the occipital plane seems to 
be merely an individual peculiarity; the Ceylonese skull must 
be regarded as an abnormal one; the Tenasserim skulls, how- 
ever, resemble that of a specimen, acquired thence more recently, 
which may possibly be identical with Sus leucomystax of China and 
Japan; it is possible that this latter race may have been imported 
from China and have run wild in Tenasserim. 


a, Stuffed Goalundo Museum Collector (1876). 
&. Skelet. mted [domestic var.] A. R, Jackson (1837), A.S.B. 
«. Skull $ Gorruckpore  terai, J.C. Peppé (1847), A.S.B. 
N.W.P. 
d. Skall Q Arakan Sir A. Phayre (1846), A.S.B. 
ed. 4 Skulls Gorruckpore _terai, J. C. Peppé (1862), A.S.B. 
N.W.P. 
j. Skull @ Cuttack, Bengal T. Shawe (1845), A.S.B. 
k-l. 2Skulls 9 Punjab Salt Range W. Theobold (1853), A.S.B. 
m. Skull @ Akyab bazaar E. Blyth (1861), A.S.B. 
n. Skull & Ceylon E. F. Kelaart (1851), A.S.B. 
o. Skull = juv. Ceylon E. F. Kalaart (1851), A.S.B. 
p. Skall Ceylon E. F. Kelaart (1850), A.S.B. 
[Type of Sus zeylonensis, Blyth.] 
g. Skull — g Purneah dist. J. L. Shillingford, 1881. 
7. Skull =» Eastern Bengal J. Biddulph, 1877. 
s-t. 2 Skulls @ Central India? J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. 
u-v. 2 Skulls 9 Central India? J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. 
@. Skull (dom. Soonderbunds A. M. Nicholetts, 1866. 
var. ?] : 
x. Skull [dom. Nicobars W. Hodge, 1860, A.S.B. 
var.?] : 
y. Skeleton g Purneah J. L. Shillingford, 1881. 
SSkul  apternns No history, A.S.B. 
a’, Skin, Qjuv. Padow, Mergui, 8-2-82 J. Anderson. 
and skull. 
®. Skin Qjuv. King Isle, Mergui, J. Anderson. 
27-1-82 
e. Skin Qjuv. King Isle, Mergui, J. Anderson. 
271-82. 
@. Skul aa, No history, A.S.B. 
é. Skull 


diesieal No history, A.S.B. 


PORCULA. 195 


Sus andamanensis. 
Sus andamanensis, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxvii, p. 267 (1858); id. ibid, xxviii, 
P- 271; id. ibid, xxix, p. 103; id. Cat., p. 141; Gray P. Z.S., 1868, 
Pp. 29. 


Distribution.—The Andamans and possibly the Nicobars. 


a. Stuffed g Andamans G. W. Wicks, 1873. 
6. Skeleton+ nates W. Hodge, 1860, A. S, B. 
mted. 
c-g. 14 Skulls Andaman Islands A.S.B. 
7-#. 3 Skulls juv. Andaman Islands. A.S.B. ; 
n-v. 2 Skulls Port Blair, Andamans Major Ford, 1867. 
w-x. 2 Skulls Andamans J. Anderson, 1872. 
y. Skull Andamans J. Anderson, 1866. 
s. Lower jaw __ Preparis Island J. Wood Mason, 1873. 


Sus scrofa. 


Sus scrofa, Linnaeus Syst Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 103 (1766); Gray P. Z. S., 
1868, p. 30; Blanford Persia, p. 86; Severtzof Ann. Mag. N. H. (4). 
xviii, p. 387; Danford and Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 275; Thomas Linn, 
Trans. (2), v, p. 62; Radde. Zool. $. B., iv, p. 1068. 


Sus scrofa var. nigripes, Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 112 (1875); id. 
Yarkand Mamm., p. 79. 


The Wild Boar. 


Distribution. —Europe and North Africa, Asia Minor (Danford), 
Persia (Blanford), and Northern Asia generally. 


a. Skull Europe Hungarian Museum, A.S.B, 
6 Skulland g Thian Shan Mts. F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

skin. 
ce. Skulland @ Thian Shan Mts (Capt. F. Stoliczka, 1874. 

skin. Chapman ) 


[Types of Sus scrofa var. nigripes, Blanford.] 


Genus PORCULA. 
Porcula, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xvi, pt. i, p. 423 (1847). 


Porcula salvania. 


Porcula salvania, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, pt. i, pp. 423, 593, pls. xii, 
xiii (1847) ; id. P. Z. S., 1847, p. 115; Horsfield P. Z. S. 1853, p- 192 
pl. xxxvii; Ferdon Mamm., p. 244; Gray P.Z.S., 1868, p. 33; Anderson 
P. Z.S., 1869, p. 470; P. L. Sclater P. Z.S., 1882, p. 546, pl. xxxvil. 


The Pigmy Hog; Chota suwar, Hindus; Sano banel of 
Nepalese. 

Distribulion.—Confined to the Terai at the base of the Hima- 
layas from Nepal, probably to Assam, but is apparently rare. 


02 


196 MAMMALIA, 


u. Stuffed and ¢ Darjeeling terai, J. Anderson, 
skull. 19-5-70. 
&. Stuffed Darjeeling terai, J. Anderson. 
28-9-69, . 
c. Skeleton Bhutan terai Zoological Gardens, 1882. 
mted. 2 
d,-e. 2 skins Darjeeling terai, J. Anderson, 
195-70, 
f. Skin Neora Karanti Douars F.A. Maller, 1883. 
g. Skin Dam Dim, Douars F. A. Miller, 1883. 
h, Skin iiss No history. 
j. Skeleton Q wieaiee Zoological Gardens, 1883. 
k. Skeleton ¢ Dam Dim, Douars F. A. Miller, 1883. 
uv. 
Z, Skeleton Q toeens Zoological Gardens, 1883. 
m. Skeleton G = = ————_aanaee Zoological Gardens, 1883. 


$ 
n. Skull pt. ? Sikkim Terai (Hodgson) India Mus., London, 


Genus BABIRUSSA. 
Babirussa, Lesson Man. Mamm., p.337 (1827). 


Babirussa alfurus. 


Sus babirussa, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 104 (1766). 
Babirussa alfurus, Lesson Man, Mamm., p. 338 (1827) ; P. L. Sclater P.Z.S., 
1860, p. 443, pl. Ixxxili ; Blyth Cat., p. 142; Gray P. Z.S., 1868, p. 43. 


Distribution.—Celebes and Borneo. 


a. Skin and 9 on es Zoological Gardens, 1885. 
skeleton 
b-c. 2skulls @¢ Amboyna? A.S.B. 


Genus DICOTYLES. 
Dicotyles, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., 1st ed., i, p. 237 (1817). 


Dicotyles tajacu. 


Sus tajacu, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i. p. 103 (1766). 

Dicotyles torquatus, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., ist ed. i, p. 237 (1817); 
Baird N, Amer. Mamm., p. 627*. 

Dicotyles tajacu, P. L. Sclater List Vert. An. Zool. Soc., rst ed., p. 19 (1862)* ; 
Alston Biol. Centr. Amer. Mamm., p. 107. 


The Peccary. 
Distribution.—North America from the Red River of Arkansas, 
southwards through Central and Southern America to Patagonia, 


a. Skin g Nuces valley, Texas J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
U.S. A., 9-3-84. 


HIPPOPOTAMUS. 197 


6. Skin juv. Nuces valley, Texas, J.H. Garnier [Ex.] 
U.S. A., 9-3-84. 
e, Skull South America E. Blyth, 1865, A.S.B. 


Genus PHACOCHCERUS. 


Phacocheerus, G. Cuvier Regne Anim. 1st ed,, i, p. 236,(1817). 


Phacocherus zthiopicus. 


Aper zthiopicus, Pallas Spic. Zool., ii, p. 2 (1767). 

Sus zthiopicus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat.,,12th ed., iii, p. 223 (1768). 
Phacocheerus zthiopicus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, viil, p. 450, pl. xxii 
(1822) ; P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1850, p. 78, pl. xvii; Blyth Cat., p. 139. 
Phacochcerus pallasii, van der Hoeven Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Caro., xix ii, 

p- 171 (1839). 


_ Distribution.—South Africa. 


a. Skullimpf. g Port Natal W. S. Sherwill (1843), 
6. Tusk. taeeee A.S.B. 


Phacocherus africanus. 


Sus africanus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 220 (1788). 

Phacocheerus zliani, Cretzschmar Riippel’s Atlas, p. 61, pls. xxv, xxvi (1826) ; 
Blanford Abyssinia, p. 241; P. L. Sclater P.Z.S., 1869, p. 276, pl. xx; id. 
ibid., 1871, p. 236. ; 

Phacocheerus haroja, Hempr. and Ehr. Symb. Phys., pl. xx (1832). 

Phacochcerus sclateri, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), vi, pp. 189, 263 (1870); 
P.L. Sclater Ann..Mag. N. H. (4), vi, p. 404. 


Distribution.—Africa south of the Sahara generally. 
a-b, 2 skulls g@ Abyssinia, 28-6-68 W. T. Blanford. 


Genus HIPPOPOTAMUS. 
Hippopotamus, Linnaeus Syst, Naé., 12th ed., i, p. 101 (1766). 


Hippopotamus amphibius. 


Hippopotamus amphibius, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 101 (1766). 

Hippopotamus capensis, Desmoulins Fournal de Physique, v, p. 354 
(1826)* ; Blyth Cat., p. 142. e 

Hippopotamus senegalensis, Desmoulins Fournal de Physique, v, p. 354 
(1826) *. 


a. Skin g juv. saci Zoological Gardens, 1887. 
skeleton. 

b. Skull 2 tevees N. Wallich, 1844, A.S.B. 

c. Skullimpft. ¢ tevees W. S. Sherwill, 1843, A.S.B. 

d. 7 teeth awecids W.S. Sherwill, A.S.B. 

e. Lower tusk ¢ sates No history, A.S.B. 


198 MAMMALIA. 


Genus TAPIRUS. 


Tapirus, G. Cuvier Tab. Element de l' Hist. Nat., p. 182 (1798)*. 
Rhinocheerus, Wagler Syst. Amphib., p.17 (1830). 


Tapirus indicus. 


“ Tapir of Malacca;” Farquhar, Diard and Siddons, As. Res., xiii, p. 417. 

Tapirus indicus, G. Cuvier Rapport trav, U Institut (1818)*; Desmarest N. 
Dict, d’Hist. Nat., Xxxii, p. 458. 

Tapirus sumatranus, Gray Med. Repos.”(1821)*. 

Tapirus malayanus, Raffles Linn. Trans, xiii, p. 270 (1822); Horsfield 
Zool. Res.. with plates; Cantor F.A.S.B., xv, p. 263; Blyth. Cat., p. 135; id. 
F. ALS B., xliv, Burma List, p. 49. 

Tapirus bicolor, Wagner Schreb. Saugeth., vi, p. 400 (1835). 

Rhinocheerus sumatranus, Gray P.Z.S., p. 884 (1867). : 


Distribution.—In Tenasserim from the latitude of Ye south. 
wards through the Malay peninsula; Sumatra. It is also said 
to occur in Borneo and Southern China, but this is very doubtful. 


a. Skeleton & er W. Rutledge, 1874. 
6. Skeleton é eseuas W. Rutledge, 1874. 
c. Skeleton? juve use a‘ Zvological Gardens, 1876. 
d. Skeleton, ¢ seine W. Rutledge, 1879. 

skin. 
e. Skeleton @ juv. Purchased, 1879. 
Jf. Skeleton g Zoological Gardens, 1881. 
g. Skeleton é . Babu H. M. Roy, 1885. 
kh, Stuffed 2 eaetees J. Agabeg, 1844, A.S.B. 
j- Skeleton mted. eet W. Rutledge, 1874. 
k. Skull @ Malacca ~ W. Farquhar, 1820, A.S B, 
Z, Skull jUve haat Dr. McCosn, 1837, A.S.B. 
m., Skin and skull Malacca E. Lindstedt, 1848. A.S.B. 


impf. foet. 


Genus EQUUS. 


Equus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 100 (1766). 
Asinus, Gray Ann. Philos., xxvi, p. 397 (1825)*. 

The two Indian wild asses, the Kiang of Thibet and the Ghor- 
khur of Cutch, resemble each other very closely, and there does not 
seem to be, judging either by the descriptions published of the two 
animals or by examination of the few skulls in the Museum, any 
real distinction between the two. For convenience however, the 
synonymy ofthe twoforms has been separated under the headings 
of Equus heemionus var. indicus and E. hemionus var. kiang. 


Equus hemionus. 


Var, A.—typicus. 
“ Onager,” Pallas Act, Acad, Petrop., 1777, pt. 2, p. 258, pls. xi, xii. 


EQUUS. 199 


Equus hemionus, Pallas Nov, Comm, Acad. Petrop., xix, p. 304, pl. vii, 
(1775); Radde Ost Siberien, i, p. 293; Severtsof’ Ann. Mag. N. H., 
(4), xviii, p. 387; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, p. 61; Radde Zool, $. B., 
p- 1057. 


Var. B.—indicus. 


Equus hemionus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. (1823) ; Is. Geoffr. St. Hil. 
Ann, Mus, Paris, iv, p. 77; pl. viii*; Sykes P. Z. S., 1837, p, 91; Hutton 
and Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 145; Gray P. Z, S., 1849, p.29 ; Blyth F. A. 
S. 8., xxvi, p. 239; Blanford Persia, p. 84. 

Asinus onager, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M,, iii, p. 269 (1852); Murray Zool. 
Sind p. 54. 

Equus onager, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 229; id. Cat., p.135; Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 236; Stolicska F. A. S. B., xli, p. 228; Sterndale Mamm. 


Ind., P- 399. 
Asinus indicus, P, L, Sclater P. Z. S., p. 163 (1862). 


Var. C.—kiang. 


Equus kiang, Moorcroft’s Travels, i, p. 312 (1841) ; Hodgson §. A. S. B., 
xi, p. 286; Gray P. Z. S., 1849, p. 29; Hay P.Z. S., 1859, p. 353, vl. 
Ixxiil ; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 13. 

Asinus polyodon, Hodgson Calc. Fourn. N. H., vii, p. 469, pl. vi (1847) ; 
id. ibid, viii, p. 98. 

Equus hemionus, Walker $. A.S. B., xvii, pt. ii, p. 1, pl. i (1848) ; Gray 
Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 272; Cunningham Ladak, p. 195, pl. vi; 
Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 229; Strachey F. A. S.B., xxix, p. 136; 
Blyth Cat., p. 136; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 401. ‘ 

Asinus hemionus, Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 531; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 
1862, p. 163. 

The Wild Ass; Kiang of Thibet; Ghorkhur, Hindustani ; 
Ghour, Persia. 

Distribution.—The typical variety originally described by Pal- 
las is found all over the Southern Siberian steppes and was got by 
Radde from the Trans-baikal province, and also in the Trans-cas- 
pian region. 

The Kiang is found plentifully in Western Thibet, extending 
over the Cashmir frontier in the upper vailey of the Indus. - 

The Ghorkhur (var. indicus) is found in Cutch and Rajpootana, 
west of Long. 75°, and extends through Afghanistan and Beluchis- 
tan to Persia, and is finally replaced by a fourth sub-species from 
which it is barely distinguishable, E. hemippus of Geoffroy. 


Var. B.—indicus. 


a, Skull Kandahar H. B. Lumsden, 1859, A.S.B. 

& Skull aves W. T. Blanford, 1882. 

ce. Skull, ske- g siete Zoological Gardens, 1877. 
leton, skin. 

d. Skull, ske- @ aches Zoological Gardens, 1877, 
leton. 

e. Skull, ske- g fates Zoological Gardens, 1878. 


leton. 


200 MAMMALIA. 


Var. C.—kiang, 


a, Stuffed Thibet A. Campbell, A.S.B. 
6. Stuffed juv. Thibet A. Campbell, A.S.B. 
c. Skeleton Thibet qq £ verses 
mted, 
d. Skull Thibet G. T. Lushington (1838), 
A.S.B. 
e. Skeleton osseas No history, A.S.B. 
impft. 
Equus burchelli. 


Asinus burchellii, Gray Zool. fourn., i. p. 247, pl. ix (1825); P. ZL. Sclater 
P. Z. S., 1865, pl. xxii. 
Equus zebroides, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 346 (1827). 


Burchell’s Zebra. 
Distribution —South Africa, extending northwards to the Kili- 
manjaro district. 


a. Stuffed = anne ‘ W. Rutledge, 1884. 
é. Skeleton ¢ acess Babu H. M. Roy, 1883. 
and skin. 


Equus asinus. 


Equus asinus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i. p. 100 (1766) ; Blyth Cat., p. 
135. 
Asinus vulgaris, Gray Zool. Fourn., i, p. 244 (1825). 
The Ass. 
Distribution.—Cosmopolitan in a domestic state. 
a. Stuffed (re J. Anderson, 1867, A.S.B. 
6. Skull {Indian domestic race.] sieges’ 
e. Skull and Q so aanaee Zoological Gardens, 1879. 
skeleton 
impf. 


Equus caballus, 


Equus caballus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p.100 (1766); Blyth Cat., 
P. 135. 


The Horse. 

Distribution.—Cosmopolitan in a domestic state; a closely al- 
lied truly feral form (Equus przewalskii) has been recently dis- 
covered by Przewalsky in the deserts of Central Asia and has 
been described by Poliakof, of whose paper a translation will be 
found in the Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 16. 


eg. 7Skulls aaa, No history, A.S.B. 
A. Skull, skelee shbwa Messrs. T. Smith & Co.,, 
ton. 1866. : 


RHINOCEROS. 201 


j. Skull, skele- [Burma pony] 1866. 
ton. 
& Skull, Q@ [Arab, gray] Sir J. Fayrer, 1872. 
skeleton, - 
Z, Skull [Pony “Lucknow ”] Sir J] Fayrer. 
m. Skull Q [Iceland pony] W. Rut'edge, 1870. 
nm. Skull juv. tea ae A.S.B. 
o. Skull, , ne TT Rajah R. Mullick, 1876. 
skeleton. * 
pd Skull [Waler Roan pony] A.S.B. 
g Skull, Q [Shetland pony ] W. Rutledge, 1872. 
skeleton 
and skin. 
vy Feet of an suave . Purchased, 1870. 
Arab with 
extra toes. 7 
s. Skeleton g [Waler Gelding] W. King 1888. 
mted, 


Genus RHINOCEROS. 


Rhinoceros, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 104 (1766). 
Ceratorhinus, Gray P.Z.S., p. 1021 (1867). Type R. sumatrensis, 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a. With one horn only, skull with the post-tympanic and post-glen- 
oid processes of the squamosal bone united for a consider- 
able extent below the meatus auditorius. 

4. Upper lip rounded off; the posterior neck-fold does not 
unite with the anterior one to form a saddle; skull with 
the vomer anchylosed to the skull, and with basi-sphenoid 
and basi-occipital bones wide and flattened. 

R. unicornis, p 202. 


8?, Upper lip produced into a short proboscis; the posterior 
neck-fold unites with the anterior one to form a saddle 
on the neck; skull with the vomer ending freely posteri- 
orly in a jagged point frequently broken off; the basi- 
sphenoid and basi-occipital very much narrowed and 
steep at the sides; an ossified mesethmoid present. 

R. sondaicus, p. 202. 


a*, With two horns, skull with the post-tympanic and post-glenoid 
processes of the squamosal separated so as to form an open 
groove, 

c. Ears hairy inside; no long fringe of hairs along the ear - 
conch ; skull narrow and tooth row short. 
R. sumatrensis, p. 204. 
ec, Ears not hairy inside, a long fringe of hairs along the 
edge of the ear conch; skull broader and with a 
longer tooth row. R, lasiotis, p. 204. 


202 MAMMALIA. 


Rhinoceros unicornis. 


Rhinoceros unicornis, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 104 (1766); 
Gray P. Z. S., p. 1010 (1867); P.L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., ix, p. ° 
645, pl. xcv; Flower P. Z. S., 1876, p. 454. 

Rhinoceros indicus G. Cuvier Menagerie du Mus. Hist. Nat. (1801)* ; Blyth 
F. A. S. B., xxx, p. 194; id. F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 151; id. Cat, p. 136; 
Ferdon Mamm., pv. 232, Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlix, p. 135; Sterndale 
Mamm. Ind., p. 407. i 

Rhinoceros asiaticus, Blumenbach Handb. Naturg., 12thed., p. 107 (1830). 

Rhinoceros stenocephalus, Gray P. Z.S,, p. 1018 (1867). 


The Indian Rhinoceros; Genda or Gonda, Hind.; Gor in 
Assam. 

Distribution.—The Terai and country between the Himalayas 
and the Ganges; from Rohilkund (Jerdon) in the west to Assam; 
it was formerly plentiful in the Purneah district, but now seems to 
be almost confined to the Doars to the east of the Teesta River. 


a. Stuffed and ¢ Purneah dist. G. W. Shillingford, 1871. 
bones of 
feet. 

6. Skeleton @ ‘Barrackpore Park” Medical College Mus. [Ex.], 
mted. 1879. 

ce. Skullyskeleton Gauhati, Assam F. T. Pollok, 1870. 
incomplete. 

d. Skullskele- 9 nenene Zoological Gardens, 1880. 
ton. 

e. Skullskele- 9 tenes Rajah of Kuch Behar, 1879. 
ton. 

Sf. Skull sneawe A.S.B. 

g. Skull sas A.S.B. 

hk. Skull @ Nepal Terai Sir E. Baring, 1875. 

gj. Skull Nepal Terai Sir E. Baring, 1875. 

k. Skull sisted No history. 

Z, Skull wesiies Rajah R. Mullick, 1871. 

m. Skull seiisea W. T. Blanford, 1879. 

a. Skull eevee A.S.B. 

o Skull have A.S.B. 

p. Skull Gauhati, Assam Mus Coll., 1868. 

qg. 3 Hoofs Nepal Terai J. Anderson, 1880. 

7. Stuffed juv. rary) A.S.B. 
and skele- 
ton. 


Rhinoceros sondaicus, 


Rhinoceros sondaicus, Desmarest Mamm., ii, p. 399 (1822); Horsfield 
Zool. Res., with plate; Miiller and Schlegel, Tem. Verhandl., p. 184, pl. 
xxxiii; Blyth F A. S. B, xxxi, p. 151; id. Cat., p. 137; Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 234; P.L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1874, p. 182, pl. xxviii; Fraser F. 
A. S. B., xliv, p. 10, pl. v; P. L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., ix, p. 649, pl. 
xcvi; Flower P.Z. S., 1876, p.454; Blyth F. A S. B., xliv, Burma List, 
p.50; Rainey P. A. S. B., 1878, p. 139; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 410. 

Rhinoceros javanicus F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. 45, with plate 
(1824); Gray P.Z. S., p. 1009 (1867). 


f RHINOCEROS. 203 


Rhinoceros floweri, Gray P. Z. S., p. 1015 (1867). 
Rhinoceros nasalis, Gray P.Z. S., p. 1012 (1867). 


The Sondaic Rhinoceros. 

Distribution.—The Sunderbunds and formerly the Rajmahal 
hills in Bengal; Assam, south of the Brahmaputra and Burma, 
extending southwards through Tenasserim and the Malay penin- 
sula to Sumatra, Java and Borneo, 

The comparison of the very fine collection of skulls in the list 
below, shows that there is no discernable distinction between the 
Sondaic Rhinoceros of the Sunderbunds, of Tenasserim, and of 
Java; the skull from Java, though very aged, shows no points of 
distinction from that of the Sunderbunds. The ossified meseth- 
moid (c.f. Fraser J. A. S. B., xliv, p. 10) is present in only two of 
the skulis in the collection; in one or two others, however, there are 
traces of where it should have been, but it has evidently dropped 
off in the cleaning of the skull; there can be little doubt that it will 
be found in all carefully cleaned skulls. 

The mesethmoid does not appear ever to be ossified in Rhinos- 
ceros unicornis. 

The large stuffed female “a” in the list below shows no trace 
of a horn, whether this is a constant characteristic of the female of 
this species or not, it is impossible to state without further evidence ; 
several people, however, who have seen this species alive, confirm 
this; Blyth asserted that there was no sexual differences in R. uni- 


cornis and R. sondaicus; if therefore the female of R. sondaicus 
has no horn this is not correct. 


a. Stuffed, ske-9 Sunderbunds O. L. Fraser and J. F. Barcke 
leton, ley, 1874. 
b. Stuffed, 9 juv. Sunderbunds J. F. Barckley, 1872. 
skeleton, 
c. Skeleton Q Jessore dist. J. H. Barlow, 1834, A.S.B. 
d. Skeleton a Seetens Babu H. M. Roy, 1884. 
e. Skeleton, ¢juv. eaiies Purchased, 1880. 
skin, 
Jf. Skeleton, 9 juv. snr W. Rutledge, 1881. 
skin. 
g. Skeleton, g juv. ese W. Rutledge, 1879. 
skin, 
h. Skeleton, 9 juv. weheoes W. Rutledge, 1880. 
skin. 
j Skull = @juv. saitiges W. Rutledge, 1875. 
&. Skin g juv. rere No history. 
2. Skull saree’ N. Wallich, A.S.B. 
m. Skull Tenasserim Sir T. H. Maddock, 1842, 
A.S.B. 
n. Skull Tavoy Point Genl. Fytche, 1861, A.S.B. 
o. Skull % ies A.S.B. ‘ 
ge. Skull Java Batavian Soc., 1846, A.S.B. 
g. Skull Sunderbunds W. W. Shepperd, 1867. 
r. Skull = fjuv. Po) Zoological Gardens, 


204 MAMMALIA. 


s. Skull and g Matabangah R., Sunder- Purchased, 1875. 


feet bones. bunds. 
z. Skull Q Chillichang Creek, Sun- Capt. Charling. 
derbunds. 
u. Skeleton wine No history (1869). 
ov. Lower jaw gaa No history. 
w. Lower jaw sioea No history. 


Rhinoceros lasiotis. 


? ee crossii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 250 (1854); Blyth P. Z.S., p. 306 
1861). 

Rhinoceros sumatrensis, afud Anderson P. Z. S., p. 129 (¥872). 

Rhinoceros lasiotis, P, L. Sclater P. Z. S., pp. 493, 791, pl. xxiii_(1872) ; 
id. P. Z. S., 1875, p. 566; id. Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), X, p. 299; id. Trans, 
Zool. Soc., ix, p. 652, pl. xcviii; Flower P. Z. S., 1876, p. 455; id. P.Z. S., 
1878, p. 634. 

Rhinoceros sumatranus, apud Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), X, p. 208 (1872). 

? Ceratorhinus crossii, Blyth F.A.S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 51 (1875) 


The Hairy-eared Rhinoceros, 

Distribution.—The Chittagong and Tipperah Hills; this species 
is replaced by the next in the Malay peninsula and the line of 
division between the two is not actually made out, but probably 
this species will be found to be the one distributed all over Burma. 


[No specimen in the Museum.] 


Rhinoceros sumatrensis. 


‘‘ Double-horned Rhinoceros of Sumatra,’ Bell Phil. Trans., p. 3, pls. ii, 
iii, iv (1793). 

Rhinocero ssumatrensis, Cuvier Regne An., i, ist ed,p. 240 (1817); P. L. 
Sclater P. Z. S., 1872, p- 790, pl. Ixvii; Bartlett P. Z. S., 1873, p- 104, 
pl. xi; P. ZL. Sclater. Trans. Zool. Soc., ix, p. 650, pl. xcvii. 

Rhinoceros sumatranus, Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 208 (1822); Muller 
and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 190, pl. xxxiv; Blyth F. A. S.B., xxxi, 
p- 151; id, Caz. p. 137. 3 

Rhinoceros sondaicus, apud F. Cuvier Hist, Nat. Mamm. lior. 47, with 
plate (1825). ; ‘ 

Ceratorhinus sumatranus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 1021 (1867); id. Ann. Mag. 
NV. H. (4), xi, p. 357. 

Ceratorhinus crossii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), X, p- 209 (1872). 

Ceratorhinus sumatrensis, Garrod P. Z. S., p. 92 (1873); Flower P. Z.S. 
1876, p. 455; Blyth $. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 52; Flower P. Z. Sy, 
1880 p. 69. 

Ceratorhinus niger, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), 8i, p- 357: 

Ceratorhinus blythii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), 8i; P- 360. 


The Two-horned Rhinoceros. . 

Distribution.—The Malay peninsula and South Tenasserim ?; 
the islands of Sumatra, Java and Borneo. 

The skulls of the two-horned Rhinoceros in the Museum do not 
show any very appreciable variation with the exception of two 
formerly in the collection of the Asiatic Society ; these two skulls, 


RHINOCEROS. 205 


however, have no recorded history and it is, therefore, impossible 
to say whence they came. 

One of these skulls is remarkable for being much broader 
than all:the others; the other, which, although narrower than 
the first, is still broader than all the others, is more remarkable 
still for the extreme length of the tooth row. 

As these are the differences specially pointed out by Prof. 
Flower (P. Z. S., 1878, p. 634) between the Tipperah skull which 
was supposed to have belonged to an example R. lasiotis and the 
typical Sumatran skulls, it seems probable that these two skulls 
may also be referable to R. lasiotis. 


a. Stuffed andg ‘ Singapore” 


W. Rutledge, 1875. 


skull. 
6, Skeleton Q@ Malacca Purchased, 1875. 
mted. 
c. Skin, skele- 9 seeaee W. Rutledge, 1879. 
ton. 
d. Skeleton gjuv. Malacca Purchased, 1875. 
e. Skeleton anslewe Zoological Gardens, 1889. 
f- Skeleton (skull Malacca Dr. Maingay, 1867. 
impt.) 
g. Skull (with g¢ Tenasserim E, O'Reilly, 1847, A.S.B. 
limb bones), 
h. Skull & Tenasserim oe H. Maddock, 1842, 
S.B. 
7. Skull Tenasserim a a H. Maddock, 1842, 
.S.B, 
k. Skull toseee No history, A.S B. 
Z. Skull No history, AS.B. 
m. Skull No history. 
nm. Skull No history. 
o. Skin, skull 9 “Singapore” W. Rutledge, 1885, 


juv. 

p. Pt. of skull Upper Martaban 

g- Nasal bones Sumatra? 

r. Two horns Akyab 
attached. 

s. Skeleton tonnes 


E. Blyth, 1861, AS.B. 
Miss Lloyd, A.S.B. 
Sir P. Sladen, 1877. 


Zoological Gardens (18809). 


Rhinoceros bicornis. 


Rhinoceros unicornis, var. bicornis, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 
104 (1766). 

Rhinoceros bicornis, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 57 (1788); P. L. Sclater 
Trans. Zool. Soc., ix, p. 655, pl. xcix ; Selous P. Z. S. 1881, p. 725. 

Rhinoceros africanus, Desmarest, Mamm., p. 400 (1820); Blyth Cat., p. 
138. 

Ridssectos keitloa, A. Smith S. African Zool. pl. i (1849); Blanford 
Abyssinia, p. 243. 


Distribution.—South Africa, extending northwards to Abyssinia. 


a-b, 2 Anterior horns tones W.S. Sherwill, 1843, 
A.S.B. 


206 MAMMALIA. 


Rhinoceros simus. 


Rhinoceros simus, Burchell Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 96 (1817)*; A. Smith 
S. African Zool., pl. xix ; Blyth Cat., p. 138; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 725, 
pl. Ixii. 


Distribution.—South Africa. 


a. Anterior horn sua W.S. Sherwill, 1843, 
A.S. B. 


Order PROBOSCIDEA. 


Animals of large size provided with a long flexible proboscis 
with finger-like prehensile tip; no clavicles ; radius and ulna per- 
manently crossed ; tibia and fibula complete ; hind-legs pillar-like, 
femur vertical when standing; manus and pes each consisting of 
five digits united but separately hoofed; in the skull the jugal 
bones form the middle of the zygoma only; nasals very short; 
large and extensive frontal sinus present; tusks are permanent 
incisors with persistent pulps, but with no enamel; placenta 
deciduate and zonary. 


Genus ELEPHAS. 
Elephas, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 48 (1766). 


Elephas indicus. 


Elephas indicus, Linneus Mus. Frid. Adolph., i, p. 11 (1754)*; Cuvier 
Tab. Element d Hist. Nat., p, 148 (1798)*; Corse As. Res., iii, p. 29; 
Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 219; Blyth Cat., p.134; Ferdon Mamm., p. 
229; Fohnstone P. A. S. B., 1868, p. 127. 

Elephas maximus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed, i, p. 48 (1766) [pt.] 

Elephas asiaticus, Blumenbach Handbuch der Naturges., 12th ed., p. 106 
(1830). 

The Indian Elephant; Hasti or Gaja, Sanscrit; Gaj, Bengali; 
Hati, Hind.; Ani in South India; Allia, Cingalese; Shanh, 
Burmese. 

Distribution —The peninsula of India, especially the Western 
Ghats; the Terai region of the Himalayas, Assam, Cachar, Burma 
and Siam, extending southwards to the Malay peninsula. In Ceylon 
and Sumatra elephants are also found, but it seems doubtful 
whether they are a distinct species or not. 

Professor Schlegel in a paper published in the Academy of 
Sciences of Holland (Verslagen en Med. der Koninklj. Acad. van 
Vetens. Afd. Natuurkunde, 1861, p. 101) a translation of which ap- 
peared in the Natural History Review, II, p. 72, 1862, has pointed 
out the distinctions between the true Indian Elephant and that in- 
habiting the Islands of Ceylon and Sumatra. 


ELEPHAS. 207 


The differences seem to resolve themselves into the two follow- 
ing points of distinction: the laminz of the molar teeth are wider 
in E. sumatranus and approach those of E. africanus ; there are in 
E. sumatranus 20 dorsal vertebrae and 19 pairs of ribs, while in E. 
indicus the numbers are respectively 19 and 18. 

With regard to the size of Elephants, Sanderson has main- 
tained both in his book “ Thirteen Years among the Wild Beasts” 
and elsewhére that no elephant has ever exceeded 11 feet when 
measured in the ordinary way at the shoulder. 

The largest ever measured by Sanderson, who has certain- 
ly had vast experience, was one belonging to the Sirmoor Rajah, 
which was 10 feet 73 inches at the shoulder. 

The elephant, whose skeleton is mounted in the Museum Gallery 
(‘‘a” in the list) certainly exceeds this limit; a plumb line drop- 
ped from a bar placed on the anterior dorsal vertebrae just above 
the scapule makes him no less than 11 feet 3 inches, so that in 
life he must have measured several inches more. 

Flower mentions in his ‘‘ Catalogue of the Osteologival Speci- 
mens in the Royal College of Surgeons,” Part II, Mammalia, 
P- 443, a very large femur and humerus, measuring respectively 
112 c.m, and go c.m., which is roughly equal to 43 and 35 inches; 
the femur and humerus of the large elephant “a” in the list 
measure respectively 477 and 39 inches. 


a. Skeleton @  Bilkandi, Sonthal W. M. Smith, 1870. 


mted. Pergunnahs, 
b. Skeleton ¢@ sciine King of Oude, 1839, A.S.B. 
mted. 
¢, Stuffed, jav. snes Commissariat Department, 
skeleton 1877. 
a. Skeleton, ¢ Garo Hills Purchased, 1877. 
skull, 
e. Skeleton ¢ W. Rutledge, 1874. 
Jf. Skeleton, ¢ W. Rutledge, 1881. 
skin. 
g. Skeleton, ¢. aries G. P. Sanderson [Ex.], 1881, 
imft. 
hk. Skin, skull $ sees Zoological Gardens, 1877. 
je Skin & = Tikri Killah, Garo’ G. P. Sanderson, 1886. 
juv. Hills. 
k. Skull 2 ju, wean W. Rutledge, 1874. 
2. Skull é evaces G. P. Sanderson, 1885. 
uv. 
m, Skull _¢ atin G. P. Sanderson, 1885. 
juv. 
n. Skull, é ssaises W. Rutledge, 1876. 
skeleton juv. 
o. Skull — foetal eaten Capt. Johnstone, 1868. 
p. Splitskull aa : A.S.B. 
q-7. 2 Tusks iPiigee General Bhima Sinha, 1836, 


A.S.B. 
o. Tusk ¢ aegaes R. Home, A.S.B. 


208 MAMMALIA, 


#. Tusk (gnaw- siadee H. B. Medilicott, 1878. 
ed by Porcu- 
pines) 
u-x. 4Tusks ¢ neehee Capt. Johnstone, 1868, 
y. Tusk 2 desiete A.S.B. 
gz. Milk tusk ean ASB. 
a, Tusk Garo Hills G. P. Sanderson, 1879. 
3. Pr. of tusks as siau A. J. Shillingford, 1888. 
(Mukna) g 
c?, Concretion aastias ASB, 
in tusk. 
d*, Pt. of tusk sadaee A.S.B. 
with rifle 
ball im- 
bedded. 
e*, Several molar nes No history. 
teeth. ‘ 
f*-g?. 2 Molars Kapatakshi R., Babu S. Banerjee, 1888. 
Koolna dist. 
-h3, Molar teeth oot No history. 
of a foetal 
specimen. 


Elephas africanus. 


Elephas maximus Linneus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 48 (1766) [pt.] 
Elephas africanus, Blumenbach Handb. der Naturges. (1779)*; Blanford 
Abyssinia, p. 258. 
lophas capensis, G. Cuvier Tabl. Element, d’ Hist. Nat., p. 142 (1798)*. 


Distribution.—Africa generally, south of the Sahara. 


a, Skeleton ¢ eeeeea W. Rutledge, 1883. 
juv. 
6. Skull Kokai, Lebkavalley W. T. Blanford, 1867. 
Abyssinia. 
ce. Tusk Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 1867, 
d. 4 Molars asewes No history, A.S.B. 


Order HYRACOIDEA., 


There are no representatives of this order in the Indian Region, 
so no definition is given. 


Genus HYRAX. 
Hyrax, Hermann Tab, Affinit. Anim., p., 115 (1783). 


Hyrax capensis. 


Cavia capensis, Pallas Spic. Zool., ii, p. 16 (1767). 
Hyrax capensis, Hermann Tab. Affinit. Anim., p. 115 (1783); Blyth Cat. 
p- 138. 


Distribution.—South Africa. 


HYRAX, 209 


a-b. Stuffed, @&Q aaa W.S. Sherwill, A.S B. 
e-d. Stuffed juve oa W.S. Sherwill, A.S.B. 
e. Skull Spitz-koff Mt. S. W.S. Sherwill,A.S.B. 
Africa. 
Ff Skull eens W.S. Sherwill, A.S.B. 
‘gs Skull juv. er W.S. Sherwill, A.S.B. 
h. Skin pea No history, A.S.B. 


Hyrax brucei. 


Hyrax brucei, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H., (4), i, pe 44 (1868); Blanford 
P.Z.S., 1869, p. 642; id. Abyssinia, p. 252. 

Hyrax alpini, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), i, p- 45 (1868). 

Hyrax eee et irroratus, Gray Ann. Mag. N.H. (4), iii, p. 242 
(1869). 


Distribution.—The Abyssinian Highlands. 


uw. Skin Q Adigrat, Abyssinia, W.T. Blanford. 
8,000 ft., 26-4-68. 
6. Skin Anseba valley, Abyssie W. T. Blanford. 
nia, 4,000 ft, 7-68. 
e. Skull Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 1868. 
d. Skeleton Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 1868. 
e. Skin Adigrat Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 
8,000 ft., 7-4-68. 
f Skin Adigrat, Abyssinia,  W. T. Blanford. 


8,000 ft., 24-4-68. 
g-h, 2Skinsjuv.g Adigrat, Abyssinia, W. ¥. Blanford. 


g 8,000 ft. 24-4:68. 
j» Skin Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. 
PR. Skin Somali land J. H. Speke, 1855, A.S.B, 


Order CARNIVORA. 


Mammalia with hairy bodies; with clavicles incomplete or 
wanting ; radius and ulna, tibia and fibula complete; radiale and 
intermedium fused ; no centrale ; manus and pes with five digits ; 
thumb never opposable; terminal phalanges armed with sharp 
claws; skull with strong occipital ridges, wide zygomata, and 
generally incomplete orbital ring; nasals large and thin ; glenoid 
cavity transversely elongated to which the mandibular condyle 
corresponds, thus limiting the motion of the lower jaw to a verti- 
cal movement; dentition heterodont and diphyodont; teeth simply 
coated with enamel, not compound ; incisors 2 generally; in some 
forms the last enlarged premolar of the upper jaw and the first 
molar of the lower have trenchant edges and act as a pair of 
scissors and are called the sectorials; placentation zonary. 


Sub-order I. FISSIPEDIA, 


Terrestrial carnivora with manus and pes rarely webbed but 
bearing well-developed claws; hind-limbs and tail free ; pinnze of 
ear well developed ; incisors 3. 


210 MAMMALIA. 


Synopsis of Indian Genera. 


a. Digitigrade with retractile or partially retractile claws; skull 
with the condylar foramen confluent with the foramen lacerum 
posterius; the paroccipital process applied to the bulla; 
mastoid process obsolete ; last upper premolar and first lower 
molar generally sectorial. [= Aeluroidea.] 


6. With only 2 lower premolars; no alisphenoid canal ; bulla 
not externally constricted or internally divided ; metatarsus 


hairy. [=Felidae.] 
ce. Claws completely retractile ; inner cusp of upper sectorial 
moderate. Felis, p. 212. 


c, Claws incompletely retractile; inner cusp of upper sec- 
torial radimentary. Cynaelurus, p. 235. 


6, With 3 lower premolars ; alisphenoid canal present (except 
Viverricula) ; bulla externally constricted and internally 
divided ; metatarsus hairy or naked. = [= Viverridae.] 


d, Claws strongly curved and more or less retractile ; bulla 
not posteriorly everted ; prescrotal glands present; 
anus not generally opening into a sac, 


é, Tarsus and metatarsus entirely hairy; ears never 
tufted. 


f. A second upper molar present, 
g. Alisphenoid canal present. Viverra, p. 235. 


g”. Alisphenoid canal absent. 
Viverricula, p. 238. 


f*. No second upper molar. Prionodon, p. 239. 
é&. Tarsus and metatarsus half bald; ears not tufted. 


h. Teeth small ; hinder part of the alveolar margin 
of the mandible crested. 
Arctogale, p. 241. 


#*, Teeth large; hinder border of mandible not 
crested. Paradoxurus, p. 242. 


é5. Tarsus absolutely naked ; ears tufted ; tail prehensile. 
Arctictis, p. 249, 


d@, Claws elongated, not retractile ; bulla posteriorly everted ; 
canines large ; no prescrotal glands; anus opening 
into a sac, Herpestes, p. 25¢. 


CARNIVORA, 211 


48, With 3 lower premolars; no alisphenoid canal; bulla not 
divided or constricted, with only a rudiment of a septum ; 
metatarsus hairy ; claws blunt and not retractile. 

[=Hyaenidae.] 


Hyaena, p. 258. 


a*, Digitigrade, with non-retractile claws; condylar foramen dis- 
tinct from the foramen lacerum posterius; paroccipital 
process closely applied to the bulla ; clavicles rudimentary ; 
last upper premolar and first lower molar sectorial. 

. [=Cynoidea.] 


A. A sinus in the frontal bone, postorbital process large, thick 
and swollen and bent down at the tip. : 


j» With only two true molars in the lower jaw, ze. the lower 
sectorial and one other; contour of facial line convex. 
Cuon, p. 260. 


j*. With a complete set of three true molars in the lower jaw ; 
contour of the facial line generally concave. . 
Canis, p. 261. 


#?, No sinus in the frontal bone; skull slight and elongate ; 
postorbital processes thin, concave above, spread out more 
or less horizontally. Vulpes, p. 267. 


a*, Plantigrade with generally non-retractile claws; skull with 
the condylar foramen distinct from the foramen lacerum 
posterius ; paroccipital process widely separated from the 
bulla ; mastoid process very large ; auditory bulla not round- 
ed or divided ; no caecum. [=Arctoidea.] 


k. With no alisphenoid canal ; molars } or2., 
[=Mustelidae.] 


1, Kidneys simple; feet short, digitigrade partially webb- 
ed; claws short, often semi-retractile ; dentition, 
sectorial. 


m. Premolars four above and below; lower sectorial 
with an inner tubercle ; habits arboreal. 
Mustela, p. 273. 


m*, Premolars three above and below ; lower sectorial 
with no inner tubercle ; habits terrestrial; 

Putorius, p. 276. 

P, Kidneys simple ; feet elongated ; toes straight; claws 

non-retractile, blunt ; habits terrestrial and fossorial. 


P2 


212:- MAMMALIA. - 


n, First upper molar as broad as long; with pig-like 
stiout ; palate produced back, level with the 
glenoid surface. Arctonysx, p. 290. 


n*, First upper molar much broader than long. 
o. External ear present; molars, p. m. 4 m. 4 
Helictis, p. 284. 


o*, No external ear; molars, p. m.# m. 2. 
Mellivora, p. 287. 


4 


B. Kidneys conglomerate; feet short and rounded; toes 
webbed; claws small, curved and blunt; upper 
posterior molar large and quadrate ; habits aquatic. 

Lutra, p. 291. 


#, With an alisphenoid canal; ‘true molars 2 obtusely 
tuberculated ; dentition not sectorial. 
Aelurus, p. 300. 


#3. With an alisphenoid canal; kidneys conglomerate ; 
true molars~2 longer than broad; dentition not sec- 
torial; feet completely plantigrade. [= Urside.] 


p. Six incisors in upper jaw; snout not much produced. 
Ursus, p. 301. 


p’. Four incisors in upper jaw; snout considerably pro- 
duced. Melursus, p. 306. 


Genus FELIS. 


Felis, Linnaeus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 60 (1766). Type, F. leo. 

Leo, Tigris, Leopardus, Caracal, Chaus et Lynchus, Gray List Mamm. B, 
., pp. 39-46 (1843). Types, F. leo, F, tigris, F. leopardus, F. caracal, 
F. chaus et F. canadensis. : 

Uncia, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, p. 394 (1854). Type, F. uncia. 

Ailurina, Gervais Hist. Nat. Mamm, ii, p.87 (1855)*. Type, F. planiceps. 

Neofelis, Catolynx et Viverriceps, Gray P. Z. S., pp. 265-268 (1867). Types, 
F. nebulosa, F. marmorata et F. viverrina. 

Serval, Pyrofelis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xiv, p. 352-4 (1874). Types, 
F. serval, F, temmincki. 


Key of the Indian Species. 
a. Cats proper with three upper premolars generally present, with 
a rounded ear-conch, and with a long tail. 
é. Cats with a concolorous coat, neither spots or stripes. 


c. Of large size; up to 1o feet in length; tail with a black 
brush ; nasal bones short, flat and not reaching so far 
back as the frontal processes of the maxillae. 

F, leo, p. 214 


FELIS 213 


e*. Of moderate size; colour varies from bright red to dark 
brown ; tail short, not brushed ; cheeks and forehead hori- 
zontally streaked with white and brown; faint traces of 
spots sometimes present on the flanks and abdomen. 

F, temmincki, p. 222. 


c8, Of small size; resembles the last, but is half the size ; skull 
of different shape, having narrow nasals, forming a ridge 
as in F. viverrina; anterior upper premolar large and two- 
rooted. F. planiceps, p. 222. 


8? Cats of large size with vertical stripes. 
F, tigris, p. 216. 


8*, Cats with clouded fur, ¢.e., with large spots or blotches ex- 
ceeding two inches in diameter. 


@. With very large canines, half the length of palate ; ground 
colour pale yellow to gray, clouded with black not 
spotted ; tail very long and thick ; of large size measur- 
ing 2 feet 2 inches to 3 feet 10 inches; skull long and 
narrow. F, nebulosa, p. 220. 


@*, With canines not half the length of palate; of small size ; 
skull short and rounded; nasal area very broad and 
flat ; orbit generally complete behind ; anterior upper 
premolar generally absent; external characters as in 
the last, with the same long, bushy tail; colour fulvous 
to gray, mottled with black. 

F, marmorata, p. 221. 


4*, Cats with distinct spots. 


e. Of large size, up to 8 feet, with broad nasal bones. 


Ff. Ground colour yellow, covered with distinct black 
spots or rosettes. _ F, pardus, p. 218. 


/*. Ground colour white ; fur thick and bushy; spots 
not well defined except on the head; skull witha 
more swollen palate, flatter bulla, smaller paroc- 
cipital process and shorter, more lion-like nasals 
than the leopard. F. uncia, p. 217. 


e*, Of moderate or small size, less than 5 feet in length; 
the nasals form a more or less sharp ridge, and 
the part of the cheek formed by the mazxillae is con- 
cave. 


g. Large; grizzled gray with spots formed by longitu- 
dinal lines broken up; hind-quarters with small 
black spots ; tail short and thick, about one-third 


214 MAMMALIA. 


the length of the head and body; skull with nasal 
region very much attenuated; orbits generally 
complete. F, viverrina, p. 225. 


g®. Moderate size; markings very variable, ground 

colour yellowish gray or bright yellow to white 

on abdomen, with irregular dark brown blotches; 

tail spotted and long, about 3 the length of 

head and body; skull shorter and rounder and 

with only slightly attenuated nasals; three upper 
premolars present; orbits incomplete behind. 

F. bengalensis, p. 223. 


g*. Small; colour grizzled gray with reddish-brown 
spots ; tail unspotted; skull short and rounded 
as in F. bengalensis, but with the nasals con- 
siderably more attenuated; orbit complete be- 
hind; only two upper premolars. 

F, rubiginosa, p. 225. 


a*. Lynxine group with pencilled ear-conch; generally only two 
upper premolars ; a short tail; orbits incomplete behind. 


h. Tail extremely short, one-quarter of length of head and body 
and black tipped, not reaching the hocks; ears strongly 
pencilled ; skull with posterior nares very wide; no trace of 
the anterior premolar; inner lobe of upper sectorial tooth 
small. F, lynx, p. 229. 


#®, Tail reaching the hocks. 


j. Unspotted ; red with black ears, strongly pencilled; skull 
with small lobe to upper sectorial; nasal area flat; ante- 
rior premolar absent. F, caracal, p. 230. 


j*. Unspotted; ears yellow, black-pencilled, colour tawny ; 
legs with indications of transverse bars ; skull with inner 
lobe of sectorial well developed ; anterior premolar pre- 
sent or absent. F, chaus, p. 227. 


7®. Spotted; pale yellow with regular small black spots ; tail 
ridged with black posteriorly ; ears with smal] brown pen- 
cil; skull resembles F, chaus. F. ornata, p. 226. 


Felis leo. 


Felis leo, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. 60 (1766); Blyth Cat., p. 53; 
id. P. Z, S., 1863, p. 182; ¥erdon Mamm., p. 91; Blanford F. A. S. B., 
xxxvi, p. 189 ; G. King P. A. S. B., 1868, p. 198; Stolicska F. A. S.B., xli, 
p. 226; Blanford Persia, p.29; Ball P. A.S.B., 1881, p. 3; Elliot Monog. 
Felid@ no. i; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 159; Blanford Mammals, p. 56. 

Felis leo goojratensis, Smee Trans. Zool. Soc., i, p. 165, pl. xxiv (1833). 

Leo barbarus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 39 (1843). 

Leo nobilis, Gray P. Z, S., p. 263 (1867); id., Cat, Carn, Mamm., p. 9. 


FELIS. 215 


‘- The Lion; Hindustani, Sher, Singha; Persian, Shir; Bengali, 
Shingal ; Guzerat, Untia bag ; Kattywar, Sawach. 

Distribution.—Africa from Algeria to the Cape; Mesopotamia 
on the west flanks of the Zagros range and Persia south of Shiraz, 
but not on the tableland ; India (see notes below). _ 

The Lion was formerly more widely spread in India than it is at 
the present day. The districts in which it occurs or has occurred are 
Guzerat in the extreme west of India, Central Indiaand Bundelcund. 
Blanford in the Journal As. Soc., vol. xxxvi, p. 189, gives accounts of 
alion shot near Rewah in 1866; also of a lion stoned to death bya 
Mr. Arratoon of the Police at Sheorajpur, 25 miles west of Allaha- 
bad ; in the Asan newspaper of June 30th, 1885, Colonel Martin, 
of the Central India Horse, mentions that he and General Travers 
killed in 1860. two lions on a hill to the west of Goona in Gwalior ; 
and in 1862 he, with Colonel'Beadon, Deputy Commissioner, turned 
out and killed no less than eight lions at a place called Patulghur, 70 
miles north-west of Goona. The last lion in Central India, of which 
I can find any record, was shot by Colonel Hall near Goona in 1873. 

Of the Lions of Guzerat, an exceedingly good account is given by 
Major General Rice in a book called “ Indian Game,” published in 
1884. Ihave heard too of alion being killed in 1888 in Guzerat, 
so that it is evident that the lion is not extinct in India yet, 
although it seems probable that he soon will be. 

An account of the lion of Mount Abu (a skull of which is in 
the collection) is given by Dr. G. King (1d. ¢.). 

The skull of the lion is easily distinguished from that of the 
tiger by the two following points :— 

(1) In the lion the posterior processes of the nasal bones do 
not extend so far back as the frontal processes of the 
maxillz; in the tiger the posterior processes of the nasals 
extend back far beyond the frontal processes of the 
maxille. 

(2) In the lion the distance between the anterior parietal suture 
and the postorbital processes is much shorter than in the 
tiger, so that the former may be called a short-waisted 
skull as compared with the latter. 


There does not seem to be any differences in the teeth. 


a. Skin, skull ceases Babu H. M. Roy. 

6. Skin, skull 9 juv. Kattywar Zoological Gardens. 

c. Skin, skull Q juv. suaieas Zoological Gardens. 

d. Stuffed’ f juv. wie Uiaies Zoological’ Gardens. 

e. Skeleton Algeria A. D. Bartlett, 1849, 

A.S.B. 
S-h. 3 skulls benees E. Blyth, A.S.B. 

j. Skull S 6 avares People’s Park, Madras. 
&. Skull’ Q juv. Mount Abu, Rajputana G. King, 1868, 

1, Skeleton a tense: Woombell’s Menagerie, 
m Skeleton é senses Zoological Gardens, 


nz, Skull juv, (newborn) teu O. L, Fraser, 


216 MAMMALIA. 


Felis tigris. 


Felis tigris, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 2th ed., i, p. 61 (1766) ; Raftes Linn, Trans, . 
xili, p. 249; Sykes P. Z.S., 1831, p. 102; Elliot Madras Fourn, x, p. 104; 
Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p..243; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 433 Blyth 
Cat., p.54; id. P.Z. S., 1863, p. 182; Ferdon Mamm., p. 92; McMaster 
Notes on Ferdon, pp. 19, 150; Schrenck Amurland Sdugeth., p. 90; 
Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870 p, 626; Stolicska, ¥. A. S,B., xli, p. 226; Blyth 
§F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma list, p. 27; Blanford Persia, p. 34; Severtsof 
Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 49; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 160; 
Elliot Monog. Felidae, no. 3 ; Dode P. Z.S., 1871, p. 480; Sterndale Mamm. 
Ind., p. 161; Inverarity F. Bomb. Soc., iii, p. 143; Thomas Linn. Trans. 
(2), v, p. 53; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1009; Anderson F. Linn. Soc., 
xxi, p. 338; Blanford Mammals, p. 58. 

Tigris regalis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 40 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll. 
1st ed., p. 4; Adams P. Z.S., 1858, pe 513; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 10. 


The Tiger; Hind. Bagh, Pantayat bagh or Sher; Bengali, 
Gowagh or Salawagh; Marhatta, Wahag, Pultite wagh; Bundel- 
cund, Nahar; Telegu, Puli; Canarese, Huli; Lepch., Suhtong ; 
Bhot., Tukh; Gonds, Publiah; Sind, Sheendh; Tibet, Tagh; 
Burmese, Kya. 

Distribution From the Caucasus through Northern Persia 
(Blanford), Turkestan and Afghanistan, India, Assam, Lower 
and Upper Burma, Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Sumatra, Java 
(Temminck), Borneo? extending through China (Swinhoe) and 
Manchuria to Amurland (Schrenck), 

In India found nearly everywhere from the Himalayas to Cape 
Comorin, but is not known from Ceylon. 

The largest skull in the collection is the one marked “z” from 
the Purneah District, presented by Mr. J. Shillingford; this skull 
measures 15 inches from the premaxille to the posterior end of 
the supraoccipital; across the zygomata 10°3 inches; and in 
height with the lower jaw 7'5 inches; the largest skin is “a” 
from Barrackpore Park which, from the tip of the nose to the end of 
the tai], measures 10 feet 1 inch or, without the tail, 7 feet; these 
of course are measurements from the dried skin and are probably 
therefore considerably larger than measurements taken from the 
animal in the flesh would have been. 

The size of tigers has been a source of much discussion, some 
authors, z.e. Mr. G. P. Sanderson and Dr. Jerdon believe that the 
tiger fairly measured never exceeds 10 feet and perhaps a few 
inches ; others maintain that 11 and 12 feet tigers are by no means 
uncommon. Sir J. Fayrer (Nature, xviii, p. 219) gives a good 
many well-authenticated cases of tigers well over 10 feet, among 
them is included the tiger, the measurement of whose skull is 
given above ; this, the Purneah large tiger measured 10 feet 8 inches 
according to Sir J. Fayrer; Sterndale discusses the question at 
some length in his book on the Indian Mammalia, he has worked 


FELIS. 217 
out a formula by means of which the total length of a tiger can be 
calculated from the skull measurements; from the formula Mr. 
Sterndale calculates the length of the Purneah tiger to be 10 
feet 10 inches. : 

There seems to be no doubt that the Bengal tiger is a larger 
and more lanky animal than the tiger of the Central Provinces and 
Southern India, though in an all round measurement (Sterndale, 
p. 167), the Southern Indian tiger sometimes has the advantage. 

The tiger of Central Asia and of Amurland is generally of a 
much richer colour with darker stripes, and the fur is very much 
more woolly, this can be seen very clearly in the case of the 
Afghan tiger brought home by Dr.:Aichison of the Afghan Boun- 
dary Commission now or lately living in the Zoological Society's 


Gardens in London. 
a. Skin, skull a 


6. Skin @ juv. 
ce, Skin é 
d. Skin & juv. 


e. Skin, skull 9 juv. 
f. Skin, skeleton @ 


g. Skin Q juv. 
h, Stuffed head 

j. Stuffed Q juv. 
&. Skeleton 9 juv. 
1, Skeleton 2 

m, Skeleton, 

n, Skeleton é 
o. Skull Q juv. 
é. Skull & juv. 
q. Skull juv. 
7. Skull é 
s. Skull Q 
zt, Skull é 
u. Skull 

a Skull 

w, Skull 

x, Skull 

y. Skull 

2. Skull 

a*, Bones of feet 

8, Skull 


ce, Alc., 9 juv. (1 day 
old). 


d®, Alc., foetus 
e*, Alc., foetus 


1 


Veroee 


weeeee 


Purneah, ‘Bengal 


Jessore, Bengal’ 
Mergui, Tenasserim 


ae nee 


Dehing, Assam 
Purneah, Bengal 
Gandhra, Rohtak 


Assam 


Felis uncia. 


Barrackpore Menagerie, 

W. Rutledge, 1875. 

W Rutledge, 1875. 

J F. Barckley, 1875. 

W. Rutledge, 1882, 

Purchased. 

W. Rutledge. 

Barrackpore Menagerie. 

W. Rutledge. 

No history. 

O. L. Fraser. 

J. Anderson. 

Barrackpore Menagerie. 

W. Rutledge. 

W. Rutledge. 

J. F. Barckley. 

Barrackpore Menagerie. 

A.S B. 

A.S.B. 

Barrackpore Menagerie, 
A.S.B. 


Ss 
Ss 
S. 
BE, 
J. Shillingford. 

Lahore Museum. 

E. Blyth, 1855, A.S.B. 


W. Rutledge. 


Purchased, 
A.S.B. 


Felis uncia, Schreber Sdugeth., iii, p. 386, pl. c (1778) ; Blyth Cat., p. 58; ids 
P. Z. S., 1863, p. 183; Ferdon Mamm., p. 101; Lydekker F. A. S.B., xlvi, 
p. 284; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p.19; id. Persia, p. 35; Scully P. Z.S., 
1881, p. 201; Dode P. Z,S., 1871, p. 480; Elliot Monog’s Felide no. 4; 
Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 184; Blanford Mammals, p. 71. 


218 MAMMALIA, 


Felis pardus, afud Pallas Zoog. Rosso As.,i., p. 17 (1811). 

Felis irbis, Ehrenberg Ann. Sci. Nat., xxi, p. 304 (1830); Radde Ost Siberien, 
i, p.104; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p. 96; Severtsoff Ann. Mag. N. 
H. (4), xviii, p- 49; Milne Edwards Rech. Mamma, p. 213 

Leopardus uncia, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 41 (1843); aa, Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll., 1st ed., p. 5. 

Uncia irbis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H.(2), xiv, p. 394 (1854); id. Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 9. 

Felis uncioides, Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xvi, p. 105 (1855). 


Ounce or Snow Leopard; Simla, Burrel hay; Bhotea, Sah; 
Lepcha, Pahte; Tibetan, Tker, 
- Distribution.—All the high regions of Central Asia, Gilgit, Hunza 
(Scully), Turkestan, Trans-Baikalia, Amurland, Persia (Blanford), 
Western China (Milne Edwards). 

In India the ounce has only been got in thé higher ranges of the 
Himalayas, and, as a rule, not below an elevation of 8,000 feet. 


a. Skin, skull ohaite Sir A. W. Croft, 1883. 
&. Skin Leh Ladak H. J. Elwes, 1879. 

c. Skin Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1873. 

d. Skin Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1873. 

e. Stuffed sawed G. T. Lushington, 1845. 
Ff. Skull juv. Serikol, Kashgar F. Stoliczka. 

g. Skin, skull g Chaprot, Gilgit, 4-4-79 J. Scully. 

h. Skull Gilgit J. Scully. 


Felis pardus. 


Felis pardus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12thed., i, p. 61 (1766) ; Sykes P.Z. S., 1831, 
p- 102; Elliot Madras Fourn., x., p.106; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in 
Tem. Verhandl. p. 29; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 46; Blyth Cat. no. 173, 
p- 55; id. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 183; Ferdon Mamm., p. 97; McMaster Notes 
on Ferdon, p. 23; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 628 ; Stoliczka F. A. S.B., 
xli, p. 226; Lydekker F. A. S.B., xlvi, p. 284; Blyth FA. S.B., xliv, 
Burma List, p. 27; Blanford Persia, p. 34; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., 
p. 161; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 550; Danford and Alston P. Z.S., 
1880, p. 51; Elliot Monog. Felidae, no.6; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 27; 
Sterndale Mamm. Ind. p. 179; Radde Zool. F. B., iv. p. 1010; Blanford 
Mammals, p. 67. 

Felis leopardus, Erxleben Syst. Regn. Anim., p. 509 (1777); Sykes P.Z.S., 
1831, p. 102; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 243; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., 
p.45; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 45. 

Felis panthera, Pallas Zoog. Rosso As., i, p. 18 (1811); Sterndale Mamm, 
Ind., p. 183. 

Felis melas, Desmavest Mamm., p. 223 (1820). 

Leopardus varius, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 40 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll., 1st ed., p. 5; Adams P. Z.S. 1858, P- 513- 

Felis tulliana, Valenciennes Comptes "Rend., xlii, p. 1039 (1856). 

Felis poecilura, Valenciennes ace Rend., xlii, p. 1036 (1856). 

Leopardus japonensis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 262, pl. XXxiii (1862); id. Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 11. 

Leopardus perniger, Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 3 (1863). 

Felis fontanieri, Milne Edwards Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 6), viii, p. 375 (1867) ; 
id. Rech, Mamm., p, 208, pls, xxix-xxxi (1869). 


FELIS. 219 


Leopardus chinensis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 264 (1867); id. Cat. Carn, Mamm 


p.1l. 
Leopardus pardus, Gray P, Z, S., p. 263 (1867); id. Cat. Carn, Mamm. 
p. Io. 


The Leopard or Panther ; Tendwa, Chita, Chitabagh, Sher, Gor- 
bacha, Hind; Beyhewe, Tahirhay, Segabaga, Ghurbag, Dheer hay, 
in the Himalayas; Asnee, Beebeerbagh, Mahrat.; Honiga, Kegkal, 
Canarese; Chinnapulli, Telegu; Burkel bille of Gonds; Sik, 
Tibetan ; Cooteal, Singalese; Kyamai, Keythit, Burmese. 

Distribution.—Africa generally, Asia Minor (Alston), Persia 
(Blanford), Baluchistan (Murray), India, Assam, Ceylon (Kela- 
art), Lower Burma, Upper Burma (Anderson), Malay Peninsula 
(Cantor), Sumatra and Java (Temminck), South China (Swinhoe); 
North China (Swinhoe, Gray and Milne Edwards). 

In India the leopard seems to be generally distributed from 
Sind (Murray) and the Himalayas throughout at moderate eleva- 
tions to the extreme south. 

There is a very large series of leopards’ skulls in the Museum, 
and from an examination of these it is manifest that no real speci- 
fic distinction can be drawn between the so-called Leopard and 
Panther. 

The skulls of the Leopard differ enormously in size, so that at 
first it seemed possible to separate them into two groups, a larger 
and smaller ; further examination, however, showed that there was 
a perfect gradation between the two extremes as the following 
measurements will show; Nos. 1 and 2 were the two extremes of 
the panthers, z.e., larger variety, Nos. 3 and 4 of the leopard or 
smaller variety :— ; 


Measurements in inches. 


In the list, Length, Palate length, me Aa Lower jaw. 


i yn 7°70 3°75 3'10 5'90 
2. be) aa 6°95 3°50 2°70 5°23 
3. ee 6'40 3°30 2°50 4°75 
4. ge 5 80 2°80 2°45 4:20 


These measurements on being reduced to a common base, ze., 
the total length of the skull being taken as 100, show that there 
is a progressive increase in the width of the brain-case, as the skull 
decreases in length, which is the character that has been given for 
the leopard’s skull as opposed to the panther. 


1. ae age 100 48 27 76 
2. i a” 100 50 30 75 
3. As 100 51 39 74 


4. tegen? 100 48 41 q2 


220 MAMMALIA, 


a. Skin, skull ¢ saeeae Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
6. Skin ¢@ juv. asians W. Rutledge, 1875. 
e Skin @ juv. sevens W. Rutledge, 1875. 
d, Skin Muangla, Sanda Valley, J. Anderson. 
Yunan, 
e. Skin Muangla, Sanda Valley, J. Anderson, 
Yunan, 
Ff. Skin, skull 9 sash Zoological Gardens, 1879. 
g. Skin,skeleton 2 acess W. Rutledge. 
2 
h. Skin So iar W. Rutledge. 
j. Staffed savisa No history, 1867. 
k. Stuffed ‘spas Barrackpore Menagerie,1869, 
1, Skin and [Black var.] W. Rutledge, 1883. 
skull é 
m, Skin and (Black var.] Zoological Gardens, 1880. 
skull 2 
n. Stuffed {Black var.] Assam. F. Jenkins, 1844. 
o. Skeleton @ aca Zoological Gardens. 
p- Skeleton 9 ise No history. 
juv. 
g. Skeleton haus Barrackpore Menagerie, 1847, 
.S.B. 
r-t. 3 Skulls erease No history, A. S. B. 
uw. Skull Sima hor peeves W. Rutledge. 
v. Skuil, skelet. Purneah, Bengal J. Shillingford. 
@ Skull aaa Zoological Gardens, 1882. 
x. Skull re Tre Rajah Rajendra Mullick, 
y. Skull ce W. Rutledge. 
z. Skull ae Zoological Gardens. 
@. Skull ae A.S. B. 
@. Skulljuv. see A.S.B. 
ce, Skeleton (Black var.] W. Rutledge. 
ad. Skeleton ae’ W. Rutledge. 
e*, Skull i 3 G. King. 
F*% Skull ail cae W. Rutledge. 
g*. Alc. still a $i Zoological Gardens. 
born. 
h®, Alc. juv. ae, Zoological Gardens. 
?, Skull juv. Muangla, Yunnan J. Anderson. 


Felis nebulosa. 


Felis nebulosa, Griffith Descrip. Vert. p. 37 |(1821)*; id. An, Kingd.,-v, 
p. 164 (1827); Blanford Mammals, p. 72, 

Felis diardi, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 2nd ed., iv, p. 437 (1823)* ; Blyth P. Z.S., 
1863, p. 183; Ferdon Mamm., p. 102; Elliot Monog. Felide, no. 7, 
Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 185. 

Felis macrocelis, Horsfield Zool. fournal, i, p. 542, pl. xxi (1825) ; Miller 
Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhondl., p.29; Blyth ¥. A. S.B.,xliv, Burma 
List, p. 27; Spearman Burma Gazett. p. 550; Swinhoe P. Z.S., 1870, 
pp. 228 & 628. 

Felis sp., Tickell $. A. S. B., xii, p. 814 (1843). 

Felis macroceloides, Hodgson Calc. Fourn. N. H., iv, p. 286 (1844); Blyth 
Cat., no. 175. p. 58; Gray Cat. Hodgs, Coll., ist ed., p. 5; Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll, and ed., p. 3. 


. 


FELIS. 221 


Uncia macrocelis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, p. 304 (1854). 

Uncia macroceloides, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), Xiv, p. 394 (1854). 
Leopardus brachyurus, Swinhoe P. Z. S., p. 352 (1862). 

Felis brachyura, Blyth P. Z. S., p. 183 (1863). 

Neofelis brachyurus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 266 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 


p. 14. 
Neofelis macrocelis, Gray P, Z. S., p. 266 (1867); id. Cat. Carn, Mamm., 
p. 13. 


The Clouded Tiger; Tungmar, Lepch.; Zik, Bhotea.; Lamchitta, 
Khas tribe of Nepal; Thit-kyoung, Burmese. 

Distribution.—The Himalayas from Nepal (Hodgson) to Sikkim 
and Assam, ‘hills of Burma and Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra 
Java, Borneo (Miller), Formosa (Swinhoe), 

This species has received a great many different names; the 
name used here, .c., F. nebulosa, which is apparently the oldest, was 
recently rediscovered by Mr. Blanford, and, as he has adopted it 
in his hand-book on Indian Mammals, it has been used here. 


«. Skin, skull g Sibsagar, Assam Zoological Gardens. 
(S. E. Peal.) 

6, Skin, skelet. einines W. Rutledge, 1886, 

g 
¢e. Skin 3 ee W. Rutledge, 1882. 
d. Stuffed Sikkim E. B. Ryan, 1843, A. S. B. 
e. Stuffed Sikkim B. H. Hodgson, A. S. B. 
Ff Skeleton 2 2 oan W. Rutledge, 1882, 
g. Skull Labong, Bt. Sikkim Purchased, 1876. 


Felis marmorata. 


Felis marmorata, Martin P. Z. S., p. 107 (1836); Cantor $. A. S. B., xv, p. 
244; Blyth Cat., no.177, p- 59; id. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 183; Ferdon Mamm. 
p-104; Elliot Monog. Felide, no. 8; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 188; 
Blanford Mammals, p. 74. 

Felis diardi, apud Fardine Nat. Libr., ii, p. 221 (1837). 

Felis longicaudatus, Blainville Osteog., ii, Felis, p. 47 (1839-64). 

Leopardus marmoratus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 42}(1843). 

Felis chaltoni, Gray Ann. Mag, N. H., xviii, p. 211 (1846); Blyth Cat., 
P: 59, no. 176. 

Felis ogilbi, Hodgson Calc. Fourn, N. H., viii, p. 44 (1846). 

Uncia marmorata, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., (2), xiv, p. 394 (1854). 

Uncia chaltoni, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, p. 394 (1854). 

Leopardus dorsul, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 3 (1863). 

Catolynx marmoratus, Gray P. Z.S., p. 267 (1867) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 


p-16, : 
Catolynx chaltoni, Gray P, Z. S. p. 268 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 


p. 16. 3 
P Felis scripta, Milne Edwards Rech, Mamm., p. 341, pls. lvii, lviii, fig. 1 

(1874). 

Distribution —Himalayas from Sikkim to Assam, Burma to 
Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Sumatra (Haagen), Java? and perhaps 
is the same as Milne Edwards’ Felis scripta from East Thibet. 


222 MAMMALIA, 


The Marbled Cat; Bhotea, Sikmar; Lepcha, Dosal. 


a, Skin soetee W. Rutledge, 1881. 

6. Skin, skull g Bhootan W. Rutledge, 1874, 

ce. Skin, skelet. saline W. Rutledge, 1882. 

d, Skin, skull senees W. Rutledge, 1881. 

e. Skin, skelet.@ see . W. Rutledge, 1885. 

Jf. Skin Samagooting, Assam = Mus. Coll., Shaik Kureem. 

g. Stuffed Malacca Rev. F. J. Lindstedt, 1845, 
A.S.B. 

h. Stuffed Malacca Rev. F. J. Lindstedt 1845, 
A.S.B. 

j. Skin, skull 9 kine Zoological Gardens. 


Felis temmincki. 


Felis temminckii, Vigorsand Horsfield Zool. fourn., iii, p. 451, pl, xxii sup. 
(1828) ; Elliot Monog. Felid@ no. 15; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 551 . 
Blanford Mammals, p. 75. 

Felis moormensis, Hodgson Gleanings in Science, iii, p. 177 (1831); id. 
P. Z. S., 1832, p. 10; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 49. 

Leopardus moormensis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 41 (1843); id. Cat. 
Hodgs. Coil., 1st ed, p. 5. 

Felis aurata, apud Blyth P. Z.S., p. 185 (1863); ¥erdon Mamm., Pp. 107; 
P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1867, p. 816, pl. xxxv; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., 
p. 181. 

Felis nigrescens, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed, p. 4 (1863). 

Leopardus auratus, Gray P. 2. S., p. 265 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p. 12. 

The Golden or Fire Cat; Nepal, Murmi. 
Distributions —Himalayas at moderate elevations from Nepal 
and Sikkim to the Tipperah hills, Burma, the Malay Peninsula 

and Sumatra? . 


a. Skin, skull @ sea O. L. Fraser, 1880. 

6. Skin, skull g Tipperah Hills, Beng. Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
ce. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. 

da. Skin, skelet. g Sumatra? W. Rutledge, 1882. 

e, Stuffed Malacca Dr. Maingay, 1867. 


Felis planiceps. 

Felis planiceps, Vigors and Horsfield Zool. Fourn., iii, p. 450, pl. xxii (1828) ; 
Miller Over de Zoogdierenin Tem. Verhandl., p. 29; Cantor F:: Ay SoBe, 
xv, p. 245; Blyth Cat. no. 180, p.62; id. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 185; Elliot 
Monog. Felide no. 16. 

Ailurina planiceps, Gervais Hist. Nat. Mamm., ii, p. 87 (1855)*. 

Viverriceps planiceps, Gray P. Z, S., p. 269 (1867) ; id. Cat, Carn. Mamm., 
p-17- 

The Little Fire Cat. 

Distribution.—Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo (Miller) 
perhaps extending into Tenasserim. 

a. Skin, skelet. g ease W. Rutledge. 


6, Stuffed, skull err Purchased, 1869. 
c. Stuffed Malacca C. Huffnagle, 1846, A.S.B. 


FELIS. 223 


Felis bengalensis. 


Felis bengalensis, Kerr Linn, Anim. Kingd., p. 151 (1792)* ;. Raffles Li 
Trans., xiii, p. 249; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., re re oe 
1858, p. 514; Blyth Cat, no. 178, p. 60; id. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 184; 
Ferdon Mamm., p.105; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 20; Anderson 
Anat. Zool, Res., p. 164; Elliot Monog. Felidae no, 20; Sterndale Mamm. 
Ind., p. 189; Blanford P. Z, S., 1887, p. 627; id. Mammals, p.-78, 

Felis javanensis, Desmarest N. Dict. d' Hist. Nat., vi, p. 115 (1816); Hors- 
field Zool. Res, with plate; id. Cat. Z. I. Mus., p. 48; Elliot Monog. 
Felidae no, 27. 

Felis sumatrana, Horsfield Zool. Res. with plate (1824); id. Cat. E. J. 
Mus., p. 48. 

Felis minuta, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p. 130 (1827); Miller Over 
de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 29; Giinther P. Z. S., 1879, p. 783 
Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 177: } 

Felis nipalensis, Vigors and Horsfield Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 382 (1820). 

Felis chinensis, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 577 (1837); Swinhoe 
ara S., 1870, p. 629; Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., pl. xxxib, p- 
216. 

ae ty “Wagati of Mahrattas;” Eiliot Madras Yourn., x, p. 108 

1830). 

Leopardus ellioti, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 260 (1842) ; id. Cat. Hodgs, 
Coll,, ist ed., pe 6. 

Leopardus horsfieldii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 260 (1842). 

Chaus servalinus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 45 (1843). 

Leopardus javanensis, id. ibid, p. 43 (1843). 

Leopardus sumatranus, id. ibid, p. 43 (1843). 

Leopardus chinensis, id. ibid, p. 43 (1843). 

Leopardus reevesi, id. ibid, p. 44 (1843). 

Felis pardochrous, Hodgson Calc. fourn. N. H., iv, p, 286 (1844); Horsfield 
Cat, E. 1, Mus.,'p. 47. 

Felis jerdoni, Blyth P. Z.S., p. 185 (1863) ; Ferdon Mamm, p. 107. 

Felis servalina, Gray P. Z. S., p. 401 (1867). 

Felis tenasserimensis, id. ibid, p. 400 (1867). 

Felis wagati, id. ibid, p. 400 (1867). 

Viverriceps ellioti, id. ibid, p. 269 (1867). 

Felis herschellii, Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 28 (1869), 

Felis undata, apud Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 27 (1873); 
Radde Ost Siberien, p.106 ; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 551. : 


Leopard Cat ; Chita billa, Hindi; Bun beral, Bengali; Wagati 
Shan-rahu-manjur, Mahrattas; Theet-kyoung, Arakan; Khye- 
thit, Burmese. 

Distribution.—India from the Himalayas to the extreme south 
(not including Ceylon), Assam, Upper and Lower Burma, Malay 
Peninsula, Java, Sumatra and Borneo (Miiller), Philippines (Giin- 
ther), South China and Formosa (Swinhoe), North China (Milne 
Edw.) and Amurland (Radde). 

This species, as is evident from the number of synonyms which 
have been applied to it, is a very variable one; the three chief 
forms beside the typical F. bengalensis are Felis pardochroa of 
Hodgson, F. javanensis of Desmarest and F, sumatrana of Hors- 


224 MAMMALIA. 


field; there are in the Museum typical specimens of all these 
three varieties, 

F. pardochroa (“w’’) differs from the ordinary F. bengalen- 
sis merely in having the ground colour a bright yellow instead 
of the ordinary gray or grayish yellow; the skull, however, resem- 
bles in every respect the typical F. bengalensis. 

Felis javanensis (“k?”) has some resemblance to F. viverrina 
in having a grizzly gray ground and in the spots being arranged 
to a certain extent in straight lines instead of irregularly. 

Felis sumatrana (‘‘l?”) resembles the ordinary F. bengalensis 
in every way. There does not seem to be any differences in the 
skulls of these three forms. 


a. Skin, skull 4 races W. Rutledge, 1875. 
6. Skin, ske'e- saree Zoological Gardens, 
ton a 
c, Skin, skull 9 Tipperah hills Zoological Gardens. 
d. Skin, skull 2 aaa W. Rutledge, 1881. 
e. Skin, skull ¢ ee W. Rutledge, 1881. 
J. Skin,  skele- ougies Zoological Gardens. 
ton g 
g. Skin, skele- sneer Zoological Gardens, 
ton Q 
h, Skin, skele- wsaweax Zoological Gardens, 
ton. 
gj» Skin Momien, Yunan, 6,000 ft. J. Anderson. 
k. Skin Momien, Yunan, 6,000 :t. J. Anderson. 
2. Skin Momien, Yunan, 6,000 ft. J. Anderson, 
m. Skin Kakhyen Hills J. Anderson. 
a. Skin Chittagong E R. Shopland, A. S.B. 
o. Skin Coromandel Coast Sir W. Elliot, A. S. B. 
p- Skin Malay Peninsula Rev. F, J. Lindstedt. 
gq Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
7. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
s. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
#. Skin Sikkim No history. 
aw. Skin Sikkim No history. 
v. Skin Sikkim No history. : 
w. Skin, skull © Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London. 
x. Stuffed Sunderbunds, Beng. No history, 
y» Stuffed sain Barrackpore Menagerie. 
a. Stuffed Assam F. Jenkins, 1842, A.S.B. 
a’, Stuffed Sikkim Dr. Brougham, 1871. 
. 6%”, Stuffed Sikkim Dr. Brougham, 1871. 
c. Stuffed Coromandel Coast Sir W, Elliot, 1848, A.S.B. 
d’. Skeleton cages A.S.B. 
mted. 


Zoological Gardens, 1879. 
apices Zoological Gardens. 
ea W. Rutledge, 


e?. Skull 
J? Skeleton 
g?. Skeleton 


22. Skin Sikkim ? Purchased. 
jy Skin Sikkim Purchased. 
#. Skin, skull Java (Horsfield) India Mus., London. 


@, Skin, skull Sumatra (Sir S. Raffles)| India Mus., London. 


FELIS. 225 


Felis viverrina. 


Felis viverrina, Bennett P. Z. S., p. 68 (1833); Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., 
p. 49; Blyth P. Z. S., 1863, p. 184; Ferdon Mamm., p. 103; McMaster 
Notes on Ferdon, p.28; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 628; Blyth F. A. S.B., 
xliv, Burma List, p. 27; Atkinson N.-W.P. Gazett., xi, p.17; Spearman 
Burma Gasett., p. 551; Elliot Monog. Felidae, no. 21; Murray Zool. 
Sind, p. 28; Blanford Mammals, p. 76. 

Felis viverriceps, Hodgson $. A. S. B., v., p. 232 (1836) ; Kelaart Prodr, 
Faun. Zeylan., p. 46. ’ 

Felis himalayana, fardine Nat. Libr. Mamma, ii, p. 230 (1837). 

Leopardus viverrinus, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 43 (1843). 

Leopardus celidogaster, apud Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 6 (1846). 

Felis celidogaster, Blyth Cat. no. 170, p. 61 (1863). 

Viverriceps bennettii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 268 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm. 


p. 16. 


The Large Tiger Cat or Fishing Cat; Bunbiral, Kupya-bagh, 
Hindi; Machbagrul, Bagh-dasha, Bengali; Handoon deeva, Cing- 
alese. 

Distribution.—India, Ceylon (Kelaart); Lower Burma (Mc 
Master), Tenasserim (Spearman), and Formosa (Swinhoe). 

In India is recorded from the banks of the Indus (Murray), 
Lower ranges of the Himalayas, Nepal Terai (Hodgson), Assam 
and Bengal ; Jerdon also gives Travancore and the Malabar coasts. 
It does not seem to be found in Central India. 


a. Skin, skele- weuives Rajah Rajendra Mullick. 
ton a 

6. Skin, skele- sintaes W. Rutledge, 1873. 
ton g 

c. Skin Cachar Mus. Collector. 

d. Skin Calcutta A. S.B. 

e. Stuffed Calcutta Sir J. Fayrer. 

f. Stuffed Bengal Purchased. 

g- Skull Bengal Purchased. 

h. Skull: eh cee A.S.B. 

7. Stuffed and seis W. Rutledge. 
skull juv. 

&. Stuffed juv. Calcutta R. Swinhoe. 

2. Skeleton Calcutta No history. 

m, Skull — juv. aaa A.S. B. 

2”. Skin Ceylon Colombo Museum. 


Felis rubiginosa. 


Felis rubiginosa, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Voy. aux Indes Orient. Belanger, p. 140, 
pl. vi (1834) ; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 47; Blyth P. Z.S., 1863, 
p- 185; Ferdon Mamm., p.108; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 28; Sterndale 
Mamm, Ind., p. 192; Blanford P. Z, S., 1887, p. 629; id. Mammals, 
p. 8r. 

Miersiceps rubiginosa, Gray PZ. S., p. 269 (1867) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p. 18, 

Q 


226 MAMMALIA. 


The Rusty Spotted Cat; Namali pilli or Verewa puni, Tamil; 
Coolla-deeva, Cingalese. 

Distribution.—Madras coasts, hills of Southern India, Ceylon 
(Kelaart), and perhaps Central India, Seonee (Sterndale). 


a, Skin, skull 9 seeexs Zoological Gardens. 
é. Skin. skull suena Zoological Gargens. 
c. Stuffedskele- ene : Zoological Gardens. 
ton 2 
d. Skin Ceylon Colombo Museum, 1887. 
e. Skin ¢@ Bangalore Museum Coll. (Jaffa). 


Felis manul. 


Felis manul, Pallas Reise, iii, p. 692 (1776)* ; Brandt Bull, Acad. St. Petersb. 
ix, 1841, p- 377: Blyth P. Z.S., 1863, p. 185 ; Elliot Monog. Felide, no. 9 
Blanford Mammals, p. 83; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1013. ' 

Felis nigripectus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xi, p. 276, with plate (1842). 
Pallas’ Cat. 

Distribution.—Central Asia generally from Mongolia and Thibet 
to the Transcaspian region, extending to within the Indian 

Empire at Ladak. 


[No specimen in the Indian Museum.] 


Felis ornata. 


Felis ornata, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., i, pl. ii (1830); Blyth Cat. no. 184, 
p- 633 Elliot Monog. Felidae no 31; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 29; Thomas 
P.Z, S., 1886, p. 55; Blanford Mammals, p. 84. 

Felis servalina, fardine Nat. Libr. Mamm., ii, p. 232, pl. xxv (1837). 

Chaus pulchellus, Gray List Mamm. B. M,, p. 45 (1843). 

Chaus servalinus, id. ibid. 


Felis torquata, apud Blyth P. Z. S., p. 185 (1863); Ferdon M 3. ‘Ds 
110; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 193 a iF amen 


Chaus ornatus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 275 (1867). 


Distribution—The dry rocky countries of North-West India, 
from Banda, North-Western Provinces (Cockburn), thence west- 
ward through Agra, Sambhar (Thomas), to Sind where common 
(Murray). 

This species and the next three, 7e., F. shawiana, F. chaus 
and F. caudata, all appear to be very nearly allied forms, all 
four have a slight pencil of hairs on their ears; F. chaus can be 
distinguished at once by its black pencil, its pepper-and-salt colour 
with no trace of lines or spots on the body; F. caudata is very 
indistinctly spotted, but has a very long tail, twice the length of 
that of F. chaus; F. ornata and shawiana seem to resemble each 
other in every respect; Blanford (Yarkand Mammals, p. 19) dis- 
tinguishes F. shawiana from F. ornata by (1) its shorter tail, (2) 
its more rufous colouration, (3) distinct black spots on the abdo- 
men. 


FELIS. 227 


With regard to the first distinction, the tails of the two speci- 
mens of F. shawiana are certainly shorter than those of the speci- 
mens of F. ornata; but the skinsare furriers, skins, both having 
been bought in the bazaars at Yarkand and Kashgar, and the 
tails in both cases seem mutilated, the tails, too, of F. ornata in 
the Museum collection vary considerably in length, from 8 to 13 
inches in specimens of approximately the same size; with regard 
to the second point, that of colour, the difference of shade is ‘so 
slight that itis only perceptable in a strong light ; finally, there are 
in the Museum collection many specimens of F. ornata with quite 
as distinct spots on the abdomen as F. shawiana. 

With regard to the skulls of F. ornata, F. chaus and F. shawi- 
ana [there isno skullin the only specimen of F. caudata], there 

. does not seem to be any real substantial difference, although there 
are minor differences which have been pointed out by Mr. Blan- 
ford, yet it does not seem that any of the differences are sufficiently 
important to be due to anything but individual variations. 


a-h. 8 skins Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn. 
7, Skin @. Agra dist., N.-W. P. Lucknow Mus, [Ex.] 
g 


J 

k. Skin Agra dist., N.-W. P. Lucknow Mus. [Ex.] 

2, Skin Hazara Hills, Punj. T. Hutton, 1845, A.S.B. 
m. Skin Hansi, Punjab D. Scott, A.S.B. 

n. Skin Hansi, Punjab D. Scott A.S.B. 

o. Skin nr. Karachi, Sind Karachi Museum. 

é Skin Mullier, Sind Col. Meurant. 
gt. 4 Skulls Banda dist., N.-W.P. J. Cockburn. 

zw. Skull Karachi, Sind Karachi Museum. 


Felis shawiana. 


Felis shawiana, Blanford ¥, A.S. B., xlv, p. 49 (1876); id. Yarkand Mamm., 
p- 17, pls. id, ic; Elliot Monog. Felide@ no. 34. 


Distribution —Eastern Turkestan (Yarkand and Kashgar). 


a. Skin, skeleton Yarkand W. B. Shaw. 
(Type of F. shawiana, Blanford]. 

é. Skin Yarkand bazaar F. Stoliczka. 

ce. Skin Kashgar, 11-74 J Scully. 


Felis chaus. 


Felis chaus, Guldenstadt Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop., xx, p. 483 (177¢); 
Sykes, P.Z. S., 1831, p. 102; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 103; Horsfield 
Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 50; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan, p. 48; Blyth Cat. 
no. 186, p. 63; id. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 186; Tristram P. Z. S., 1866, p. 92; 
Ferdon Mamm., p. 111; McMaster Notes on $erdon, p. 29; Stoliczka, 
F.A.S.B., xli, p. 227; Blyth $. A. S.B., xliv; Burma List, p. 28; Blan- 
ford Persia, p. 36; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gazett., xi, p.17; Alston P. Z.S., 
1880, p. 52; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p.195; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 
32; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 29; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 551 ; Thomas 
P. Z.S., 1886, p. 55; Blanford Mammals, p. 86; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 
1015. 


Q2 


228 MAMMALIA. 


Felis catolynx, Pallas Zoog. Rosso As. i, p. 23 (1811). 

Lynx chaus, Fischer Zoognosie, p. 230 (1814)*. 

Felis kutas, Pearson $. A. S. B., i, p. 75 (1832). 

Felis affinis, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool.,i, pl. iii (1832). 

Felis erythrotis, Hodgson $. A. S. B., v, p. 233 (1836). 

Felis inconspicua, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. §77 (1837). 

Chaus lybicus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 45 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 
ist ed., p.7; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 514. x 


(1844). 

Felis lybicus, Loche Expl. Scient. Alger., iii (1850)*. 

Chaus jacquemonti, Gerrard Cat. Bones B, M., p. 66 (1862); Gray Cat. 
Carn. Mamm,, p. 34+ 


The Jungle Cat; Gurba-i-kuhi, Persian; Jangli billi, Deccani 
and Hindustani; Ban billi, in Kumaon; Katas, Banberal, Bengali ; 
Hoppa, Assamese; Maut bek, Kadu bek, Bella bek, Canarese; 
Mota rahu, Manjur, Mahratta; Bhooga, Mahrattas (Ghats) ; 
Birka, Bhagulpore Hills; Jurka pilli, Telegu; Cherru pili, Malay- 
alim ; Kyoung tsek-koon, Arakan. 

Distribution —Throughout North Africa, Egypt, Nubia and 
Barbary, Asia Minor (Alston), Palestine (Tristram) ; shores of 
Caspian, West and Southern Persia (Blanford), Afghanistan and 
Candahar, India, Ceylon (Kelaart), Assam and Burma (Spearman). 
In India universally distributed from the Himalayas and Sind to 


the extreme south extending eastwards to Assam; 


a, Skin @ Agra dist., N.-W. P. Lucknow Museum. 
6. Skin g Agra dist., N.-W. P. Lucknow Museum. 
ce. Skin juv. Q Agra dist., N.-W. P. Luckpow Museum. 
@. Skin Punjab Salt Range W. Theobald, A. S. B. 
e. Skin Kisht, nr, Bushire (2,000 Sir O. St. John. 
ft). 
f. Skin Cachar Sir O. St. John. 
g. Skin Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn. 
A, Skin Travancore Purchased. 
ge Skin atv J. E. T. Aitchison. 
k. Skin juv. 9 Zoological Gardens. 
1. Stuffed No history, A.S.B. 
m, Stuffed caine’ W. Rutledge. 
n, Stuffed Garriah, nr, Calcutta Museum Coll., 1870. 
o. Stuffed Gurriah, nr. Calcutta Museum Coll., 1870. 
p. Stuffed Raneegunge, Bengal J. Diveria, 1867. 
gq. Stuffed Simla T. Hutton, A.S.B, 
7. Stuffed Calcutta Purchased. 
s. Skull faves Purchased. 
2. Skull Kabul Sir A. Burnes, A.S.B. 
uw. Skull Kandahar T. Hutton, A S.B. 
». Skull Ceylon E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. 
a-b*, 6 Skulls Banda, N.-W. P, J. Cockburn. 
ce, Skulljuv. @ eviuas Zoological Gardens, 
d®, Skeleton sia se A.S.B. 
e?, Skin, skull g Kendrapara, Bengal A. J. Fraser. 
f?-l7, 6 Skulls Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn. 


m, Skin, skull 


Shevaroy Hills, Mdr. 


Mrs. W. King. 


FELIS. 229 


Felis caudata. ‘ 


Felis servalina, apad Brandt Bull, Acad. St. Petersb., ix, p. 34 (1841)*; 
Eversmann Bull, Nat. Mosc., 1848, p. 200; Severteofi Ann. Mag. N. H, 
(4), xvili, p. 49. 

Chaus caudatus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 31, pls. vi, vii, (1874). 

’ Felis caudata, Elliot Monog. Felidae, no. 33 (1878-83) ; Scully ¥. A. S. B.,\vi, 
p. 69; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, p. 57; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1014. 


Distribution —Transcaspian region eastwards to Afghan and 
Russian Turkestan. 


a, Skin Maimanah, Afghanistan C, E. Yate, 1887. 


Felis lynx. 


Felis lynx, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p.62 (1766) ; Blyth Cat. no. 189, 
p: 64; Radde Ost Siberien, p. 89; Schrenck Amurland Séugeth., p. 87; 
Severtzof Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 49; Alston P. Z.S., 1877, p.272 ; 
id. 1880, p.52; Scully P. Z.S., 1881, p. 201; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, 
p. 19; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 38; Blanford Mammals, p. 89. 

Felis lupulina, Thunberg Denkschr. Akad. Minch., ix., p. 189 (1825). 

Felis vulpinus, Thunberg Denkschr. Akad. Minch., ix, p. 189 (1825). 

Felis virgata, Nilsson Illum, Fig. till Faun., pls. iii and iv (1829)*; id. 
Skand. Faun., p. 126*. 

Felis borealis, Keyserling & Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., p. 63 (1840). 

Lyncus vulgaris, Gray Cat. Hodgs, Coll., 1st ed., p. 7 (1846). 

Felis isabellina, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 1178 (1847); id., Cat, no. 183, 
p- 64; id. P. ZS. 1863, p. 186; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, 
i, p. 18, with plate. 

Lynchus lynx, Severtzoff Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), x, p. 385 (1858). 

Lyncus isabellinus, Gray P, Z. S., p. 276 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 


. 38. 
; ino borealis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 276, (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm. 

P- 37- 

Distribution.—Northern Europe, Siberia, Baikal (Radde); Amur- 
land and Sachalin (Schrenck) ; Turkestan (Severtzoff) ; Eastern 
Turkestan (Blanford), Gilgit (Scully), Western Thibet (Kinloch) 
and Eastern Thibet (Blyth). 


a, Skin Kashgar bazaar F. Stoliczka, 

&. Skin vs - F. Stoliczka. 

c. Stuffed Norway Christiania Univ., A. S. B. 

d. Stuffed : vr Christiania Univ., A. S. B. 

e. Stuffed Thibet G. T. Lushington, 1845, 
A.S.B. 

Ff. Stuffed ” G. T. Lushington, 1845, 
A. S.B. 

g. Stuffed juv. Norway C..S. Bonnevie, 1850, 
A.S. B. 

hj. 2 Skulls tense No history, A.S. B. 
k. Skin, skull Kashgar, 11-74 J. Scully. 
1, Skin, skull Bagrot, Gilgit, 5,000ft., J. Scully, 
104-79. 


-m, Skin Bargo, Gilgit J. Scully. 


230 ‘MAMMALIA, 


Felis caracal. 


Felis caracal, Gildenstadt Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop,, xx, p. 500, (1766) ; 
Blyth Cat. no. 187, p. 64; id. P,Z.S., 1863, p. 186; Tristram P. Z.S., 
1866, p. 92; Ferdon Mamm., p. 113; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, 
Pp. 31; Stolicska F. A. S. B., xli, p. 227; Blanford Persia, p. 37; 
Atkinson N, W. P. Gazett., xi, p. 18; Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 273; 
Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 40; Murray Zool, Sind, p. 30; Sterndale 
Mamm. Ind. p.198; Blanford Mammals, p. 88; Radde Zool. F. B., 


iv, p. 1016. ; 
Lynx caracal, Fischer Zoognosie, p. 200 (1814)*. 
Caracal melanotis, Gray List Manm, B. M., p. 46 (1843); id. Cat, Carn, 


Mamm., p. 38. 


Siahgosh, Persian and Hind, 

Distribution.—Africa generally, Palestine (Tristram), Arabia, 
Smyrna and Taurus (Danford) ; Mesopotamia, Persia (Blanford), 
and Transcaspia. In India proper is generally distributed but 
found more abundantly in the west, 2. ¢., Sind (Murray), Cutch 
(Stoliczka), Dehra Dun? (Atkinson), and Nepal terai (Hodgson). 

The anterior pper premolar present in the skull of specimen 
“a” is a rather uncommon variation. 


a. Skin, skelet. oa W. Rutledge. 

4. Skin, skull Dee aN ‘ Zoological Gardens. 
c. Skin, skelet. Q egies W. Rutledge. 

d. Skin, skull & re Zoological Gardens, 
e. Skin,skulljuv..@ W. Rutledge. 

Sf Stuffed aa W. Rutledge, 1870, 
g. Skeleton suka No history. 

h. Skeleton a olathe Babu H. H. Roy. 
j. Skeleton bain W. Rutledge, 


Felis concolor. 


Felis concolor, Linnaeus Mantissa, p. 522 (1771)* ; Elliot Monog. Felidae 
no. 2, 

Felis puma, Molina Sage. Stor, Nat. Chili, p. 245 (1817)*. 

Felis couguar, Lesson Man, Mamm., 190 (1827). 

Felis unicolor, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 190 (1827). 

Leopardus concolor, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 41 (1843). 


The Puma, 
Distribution.—North and South America from 45° N. lat. to 
the Straits of Magellan. 


a, Skin, skull 9 waxtes W. Rutledge, 1883, 
& Skin Souih America W. Jamrach [P.] 
e. Skin, skull Mexico British Mus, [Ex.] 


d. Skul sore: E. Blyth, 1865, 


FELIS, 231 


Felis yagouarondi. 


Felis jagouarondi, Lacepede Guvres d’Azarva Atlas, pl. x*; Fischer Zoogs 
nosie, p. 228 (1814)*; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 12. 

Felis mexicana, apud Desmarest N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., vi, p. 112 (1816), 

Felis unicolor, Traill Mem. Wern. Soc., iii, p. 170 (1819). 

Felis darwinii, Martin P. Z. S., p. 3 (1837). 

Leopardus yagouarondi, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 42 (1843). 

Felis calomithi, Baird N. Amer, Mamm., p. 74 (1859)*. 


Distrtbution —From Mexico through Central and South America 
as far as Southern Paraguay. 


a. Skin soneiie British Mus, [Ex.] 


Felis pardalis. 


Felis pardalis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p.62 (1766) ; Gray Cat, Carn, 
Mamm., p. 19; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 17. 

Felis ocelot, Grifith Anim. Kingd., v, p. 169 (1827). 

Felis cateneta, Griffith Anim. Kingd., v, p. 169 (1827). 

Felis canescens, Swainson Anim. Menay., p. 118 (1838)*. 

Leopardus pardalis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 42 (1843). 

Leopardus griseus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 42 (1843). 

Leopardus pictus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., 43 (1843). 

Felis melanura, Ball P. Z.S.,p. 128 (1844); Gray Cat Carn. Mamm., p. 19. 

Felis albescens, Pucheran Voyage Autour du Monde Venus Zool., p. 137, 
pl. viii (1855). 

ee anes Gray P. Z. S., p.270 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 19 
1869). 

Felis picta, Severtzoff Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) X, p. 194 (1858) ; Gray Cat. Carn, 
Mamm., p 


- 19. ‘ 
Felis pardoides, Gray P, Z. S., p. 403 (1867) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 20. 


The Ocelot. 
Distributton.—Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Mexico, Central 
America, and South America, East of Andes. 


a. Skin,skull @ aaa e Purchased, 1880. 
é. Skull ease E. Blyth. 


Felis serval. 


Felis serval, Erxleben Syst. Regn. Anim., p. $23 (1777) Blyth Cat. no. 181, 
p. 62; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 23; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 25. 

Felis capensis, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 81 (1788), 

Felis galeopardus, Desmazest Mamm., p. 227 (1820). 

Felis senegalensis, Lesson Mag. de Zool., x (1839)*- 

Felis servalina, Ogiloy P. Z. S., p. 94 (1839). 

Leopardus serval, Gray List Mamm. 8B. M. p, 41 (1843). 


Distribution.—Africa from Algiers to the Cape. 
a. Stuffed Cape Colony E. L. Layard, 1858, A.S. B 


232 MAMMALIA, 


Felis caffra. 


Felis caffra, Desmarest Mamm. Sufpl., p. §40 (1822); Blyth Cat., no, 185, 
p- 63 ; Elliot Monog. Felidae, no. 30. : 

Felis obscura, Desmarest Mamm., p. 230 (1820). 

Felis nigtipes, Burchell’s Travels., ii, p. 592 (1824). 

Felis maniculata, Cretzschmar Ruppell’s Atlas, i, pl.i (1826). 

Felis pulchella, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. §77 (1837). 

Chaus caffer, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 45 (1843). 

Leopardus inconspicuus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 44 (1843). 

Felis caligata, Is. Geoff. St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, p. 49, pl. iii, fig. 2 (1844). 

Felis lybica, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, p. 56 (1844). 

Felis margarita, Loche Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), x, p. 49 (1858). 

Felis inconspicua, Gray P. Z. S., p. 273 (1867); id, Cat. Carn. Mamm., 


P- 3h 
Distribution—Africa from Algeria to the Cape. 


a. Stuffed Cape Colony E. L. Layard, A.S.B. 
6. Skull es A.S.B. 


Felis catus, 


Felis catus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 62 (1776) ; Blasius Saugeth, 
Deutsch., p. 162; Blanford Persia, p. 35; Danford and Alston, P. Z. S., 
1877, p. 272 and 1880, p. 52; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 29. 

Felis sylvestris, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 397 (1778) ;.Blyth Cat., no. 182, 
p- 62. 


Distribution—Europe generally, extending eastwards into Persia 
(Blanford) and Asia Minor (Alston). 


a, Stuffed, skull Scotland Sir W. Jardine, 1843, A.S.B, 


Felis pardina, 


Felis pardina, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p.116 (1827); Elliot Monog. 
Felidae no. 37. 

Lyncus pardinus, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 46 (1843); id. Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 38 (1869). 


Distribution—Portugal, Spain, Sardinia, Sicily, Turkey and Asia 
Minor. 


«. Stuffed Sardinia British Museum [Ex.] 


Felis canadensis. 


Felis canadensis, Desmarest N, Dict. d’ Hist. Nat,, vi, p. 108 (1816) ; Elliot 
Monog. Felidae no. 36. 

tynx canadensis, Rafinesque Amer. Month. Mag., ii, p. 46 (1817)*. 

Felis borealis, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p. 109 (1827). 

Lyncus canadensis, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 46 (1843); id. Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 37- 

Lyncus borealis, Diley New York Zocl.,p § (1842). 


FELIS. 233 


Distribution—Northern Europe, Scandanavia, Russia, and 
Siberia, North America, as far south as Pennsylvania and Cali- 
fornia. 


a. Skin Hudson’s Bay British Museum [Ex.] 

&. Skin . Alumette Isle, Ottawa J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 

ce. Skull Upton, Maine, U.S.A. W. Theobald, 1869. 

d. Skull Umbagog Lake, Maine, W. Theobald, 1869. 
U.S.A. 


Felis rufa. 


Felis rufa, Guldenstadt Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop., xx, p. 499 (1776); 
Blyth Cat. no. 190, p. 65; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 39. 

Felis carolinensis, Desmarest Mamm, p. 234 (1820). 

Lynx floridanus 

Lynx montanus 

Lynx rufus Rafinesque Amer. Month, Mag., ii, p. 46 (1817)*. 

Lynx aureus 

Lynx faciatus 

Felis maculata, Vigors and Horsfield Zool, Fourn., iv, p. 381, pl. xiii (1829). 


Distribution—North America to Mexico, 


a, Skin Lake Amhee, Ontario J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
6. Skin juv. Blue Ridge, Ontario J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
¢e Skull North Carolina Rev. F. Fitzgerald, A.S.B. 


Felis domestica, 


Felis domestica, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 80 (1788); Elliot Monog, Felidae 
no. 41; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, p. 57- 2 te 


Felis catus, Evxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 518 (1777); Blyth $. A. S.B., 


EXv, p. 442; id. Cat. no. 183, p. 62; Severtzoff Ann. Mag. N. H. 
xviii, p. 505 "Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 17. a ah 


Felis torquata, F. Cuvier Hist, Nat. Mamm., livr. liv, with plate, (1826) ; 
Sykes P. Z.S., 1831, p. 102; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 49; Thomas P. 
Z. S., 1886, p. 55; Blanford Mammals, p. 85. 

Felis maniculata, fenyns Brit. Vert. Anim, p. 15, (1835). 

Felis megalotis, Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., Pp. 54 
(1839-44). 

Felis huttoni, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 169 (1846); id. ¥ ALS. B,, Xvii, 
Pp. 247. 

The Domestic Cat of India differs considerably from the English 
domestic cat; Blyth distinguishes two races of Indian domestic 
cats—(1) the spotted type in which the spots tend to form them- 
selves into streaks, especially on the anterior parts of the body ; 
the tail of this form is slender and of uniform thickness, with a 
series of black rings ; this form is frequently found in a feral state 
and it is prebable that it was from an animal of this kind that 
Felis terquata of F. Cuvier was originally described ; (2) the other 
form was called by Blyth the Chaus-coloured cat; it is of 
a uniform fulvous colour with barred legs and a ringed tail, 
resembling F. chaus; in its proportions, however, it differs from 


234 MAMMALIA, 


F. chaus considerably, its legs and ears are much shorter and 
its tail much longer, this Blyth suspects to be derived from the 
domestic cat with an admixture of chaus blood. 

The two examples of this latter form are “e” and “j” of the list 
below; “‘e” is specially to be noticed since it was shot in the town 
of Banda, round which F. chaus abouuds. s¢ 

The English tabby is never seen in India; this may possibly be 
due to the fact that the tabby markings of the English domestic cat 
are due to an admixture of the blood of the wild cat (F. catus). 
Evidence to show that domestic cats breed with some of the 
different species of wild cats will be found in Pennant where, 
after the description of F. bengalensis, he mentions that the 
specimen from which the description was drawn up, coupled with 
female domestic cats and produced offspring; Blyth also quotes 
the evidence of Sir Walter Elliot on the subject (vide J.A.S. B., 
xvii, pp. 247 and 559) in the cases of F. chaus and F. rubiginosa, 

There are also in the collection two skins which seem to require 
further remark, these are ‘‘f”, the skin procured by Dr. Scully at 
Kashgar, and “‘g” one procured by the Afghan Boundary Com- 
mission at Wen Male. 

The former, which is a flat skin without a skull, was described 
by Mr. Blanford in the Yarkand Mammals as F. catus, but it 
differs from F. catus in having a slender and tapering tail instead 
of a clubbed one which is so characteristic of the true F. catus of 
Europe. The other skin from Afghanistan also has a slender 
tapering tail; a comparison of the skull of this specimen with a 
skull of an English F. catus, and with the skulls of several speci- 
mens of F. domestica shows that this Afghan cat agrees with the 
domestic cat in the several points in which the latter differs from 
F. catus, ze, in F. domestica, the frontal and squamosal bones 
are separated from one another by the parietals and alisphenoids, 
the nasals are not produced posteriorly beyond the frontal pro- 
cesses of the maxille, and, finally, the teeth are small as compared 
with F. catus. In ail these points the Afghan cat agrees with the 
domestic cat and not with Felis catus. 


a. Skin Punjab Salt Range W. Theobald, A.S.B. 
6. Skin Hansi, Punjab D. Scott, A.S.B. 
CESK iy os pees E. Blyth, A.S.B. 

d. Skin Deccan (Col. Sykes) India Mus., London, 
e. Skin, skull Banda (town), N.-W.P. J. Cockburn (1881). 
f. Skin Kashgar J. Scully. 

g. Skin Wen Male, Afghanistan J. E. T. Aichison. 

h. Stuffed(tabby) aa. No history, A.S.B. 
j. Stuffed, skull Calcutta No history, A.S.B. 
k. Stuffed Sh cat No history, A.S.B. 
bSkull ants No history, A.S.B. 
m.Skeleton saa No history, A.S.B, 
n. Skeleton Calcutta Purchased, 


CYNAELURUS, 235 


Genus CYNAELURUS. 


Cynailurus, Wagler Nat. Syst. Amphib., p. 30 (1830). 
Cynofelis, Lesson Nouv. Tab. Reg. Anim., p. 48 (1842). 
Gueparda, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 46 (1843). 


Cynaelurus jubatus. ; 


Felis jubata, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 510 (1777); Sykes P. Z.S.,p. 102 
(1831); Elliot Madrus Fourn., x, p.107; Blyth P.Z.S., 1863, p. 181; 
Ferdon Mamm., p. 114; Blanford F. A. S. B., xxxvi, p. 191, McMaster 
Notes on Ferdon, p. 31; Stolicska, F. A.S.B., xli, p.227; Blanford Persia, 
p- 35; Ball P. A. S. B., 1877, p. 169; Alston P.Z.S., 1880, p. 52; Severts- 
off Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 49; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 30; 
Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 200; Thomas Linn. Trans, (2),v, p.56; Radde 
Zool. $. B., iv, p. 1012. 

Felis guttata, Hermann Obser. Zool., p. 38 (1804). 

Cynailurus jubatus. Wagler Nat. Syst. Amphib., p. 30 (1830): Blyth Cat., 
no. 191, p. 65; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 42; Blanford Mammals, p. 91. 

Cynofelis jubata, Lesson Nouv. Tab. Regn. Anim., p. 49 (1842). 

Cynofelis guttata, id. ibid. 

Gueparda guttata, Gray P.Z.S, p.277 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 39. 

Felis megabalia, Heuglin Zeitschr. Allg. Erdkunde, iii, p. 53 (1868)*. 


The Cheetah or hunting leopord; Yuz palang, Persian; Yuz- 
cheetah bagh, Hindustani; Kendua bagh, Bengali; Cheeta, 
Deccani; Chircha, Sivungi, Canarese ; Chita puli, Telegu. 

Distribution.— Africa generally; has been recorded by Alston 
from Euphrates valley, Transcaspia, Western Turkestan (Severtz- 
off) and Persia, (Blanford). In India it is found in the Central 
and western districts, 7.e., Deccan (Sykes), Saugor, Central India 
(Jerdon), the Punjab, Sind (Murray), Cutch (Stoliczka), and has 


been procured as far as east as Deogurh in the Sonthal Pergun- 
nahs (Blanford). 


a. Skin, skull @ meee Babu H. M. Roy. 

6, Skin, skeleton 9 Pre Zoological Gardens. 
ce. Skin Q juv. ania W. Rutledge. 

d. Skin (eT W. Rutledge. 

e. Skeleton g avis W. Rutledge. 

Ff. Skull Q juv. oy W. Rutledge. 

g. Stuffed E. Blyth, 1857, A. 

h. Skeleton Paere 


S.B. 
E. Blyth, 1857, A. S. B. 


Genus VIVERRA. 
Viverra, Linnaeus Syst. Nat,, tzth ed., p.63 (1766). 


Key of the Indian Spectes. 


a. Tail with complete light and dark rings; body markings indis- 


- tinct and cloudy, not spotty; size large; anterior upper 
molars distinctly triangular. 


V. zibetha, p. 236 


236 MAMMALIA. 


a®, Tail with light and dark rings incomplete. 

&. Large size; black rings all complete, light rings just broken 
by the dorsal black band of the tail; flanks distinctly 
spotted with large spots. 

c. Mane commencing between the ears; skull with anterior 
upper molars quadrangular as compared with V. 
zibetha. V. civettina, p. 237. 


c, Mane commencing between the shoulders. 
V. megaspila, p. 237. 


62, Smaller; only a few of the posterior black rings of the 
tail complete, and the dorsal black band broad. 
V. tangalunga, p, 237. 


Viverra zibetha. 


Viverra zibetha, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12thed.,i, p.65 (1766); Gray Illustr. 
Ind. Zool., ii, pl. v; M’Clelland Calc. Fourn. N. H.,i, p. 56; Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., tsted., p. 7; Horsfield Cat. E. 1, Mus., p. 54; Walker Calc. 
Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 266; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 331; id. Cat., p. 45; 
Gray P. Z. S., 1864, p. 512; Ferdon Mamm., p.120; Gray Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 46 ; Swinhoe P. Z.S., 1870, pp. 227,630; Blyth F. A.S.B., xliv, 
Burma list, p. 25; Sterndale Mamm, Ind., p. 208; Spearman Burma. 
Gazett., p. 547; Blanford Mammals, p. 96. 

Viverra undulata, Gray Spiceleg. Zool., p. 9 (1830). 

Viverra melanurus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., %, p. 909 (1841) ; id. Cale. Fourn. 
N. H., ii, p. 47. 

Viverra civettoides, Hodgson id. ibid. 

Viverra ashtoni, Swinhoe P. Z. S., p. 379, (1864). 


The Indian Civet Cat; Katas, Hindustani; Machbhondar, 
Bagdos, and Pudogaula, Bengali; Bhras, Nepal terai; Nit biralu, 
Nepal; Kung, Bhotea; Saphiong, Lepcha; Kyung-myeng, Bur- 
mese; Hagah gendrah, Assamese. 

Distribution.—Bengal, extending northwards to the Nepal Terai 
and southwards to Cuttack, Assam, Burma, Southern China and 
Hainan (Swinhoe) ; its occurence in the Malay Peninsula seems 
doubtful since it has been so often confused with V. megaspila and 
V. tangalunga. 


a. Skin, skull sees No history. 

6. Skin, skull 9 Calcutta Purchased, 1870. 

ec. Skin é Maldah, Bengal Mus. Coll., 1870. 
d. Skin, skull ¢ Calcutta Purchased. 

e. Skull é ins W. Rutledge, 1876. 
Jf. Skin, skull # gcd W. Rutledge. 

g. Skin g stiuie Zoological Gardens, 
& Skolt ‘ A.S. B. 

j» Skull isa A. S. B. 

&. Stuffed é Calcutta Purchased, 1871. 

2. Skeleton setice A. S. B. 

m. Skull wreaxe A.S.B. 

a. Skull gy juv. areas W. Rutledge, 1872, 


VIVERRA. 237 


Viverra civettina. 


Viverra civettina, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 332 (1862); id. P. 2. S., 1864, 
p. 484; id. Cat. no. 140 p. 443; Ferdon Mamm., p. 121; Blanford Mam- 
mals, p. 98. : 


Distribution.—Malabar Coast, Wynaad and Coorg. 

This species, described first by,Blyth from Southern India, seems 
to differ in several respects from V. zibetha; instead of the indefi- 
nite stripy markings of V. zibetha, the hinder part of the body of 
V. civettina is covered with distinct large black spots and the 
ground colour is distinctly yellow; the yellow rings on the tail are 
broken by the longitudinal dorsal black band down the tail, where- 
as in V. zibetha the yellow rings completely surround the tail. 

The skulls too, differ in several respects ; the large upper molar 
of V. civettina is much more quadrangular and its length bears a 
much greater ratio to its breadth than in V. zibetha, in which the 
tooth is almost triangular ; the postorbital processes of the frontal 
bones are almost absent in V. civettina, whereas in V. zibetha they 
are quite distinct, 


a. Skin, skeleton seeens W. Rutledge. 

6. Skin, skull South India Lord A. Hay, 1845, A.S.B. 
[Type of V. civettina of Blyth.] 

ce. Skin oo ces Purchased. 

d. Skin eennes Purchased. 


Viverra megaspila. 


Viverra tangalanga, apud Cantor $, A. S. B., xv, p. 197 (1846). 

Viverra megaspila, Blyth F. A, S, B., xxxi, p. 331 (1862); id. ¥ A. S. B. 
xliv, Burma List, p. 25; Spearman Burma Gasett., p. 548, Gunther P. 
Z.S., 1876, p. 428, pl. xxxvii; Blanford Mammals, p. 99. 


Distribution.—Burma and the Malay Peninsula, Cochin China 
‘and Sumatra, : 
[No specimens in Indian Museum.] 


Viverra tangalanga, 


Viverra tangalanga, Gray P. Z.S., p. 63 (1832); 'Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., 
P. 57; Blyth F. A, S. B., xxxi, p. 332; id. Cat. no. 142, p. 45; Gray Cat. 
Carn. Mamm., p. 47, Gunther, P. Z. S., 1876, pp. 427 and 735. 

Viverra zibetha, apud F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr xxi, with plate (1820); 
Rafies Linn, Trans., xiii, p. 251; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. 
Verhandl., p.30; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 197. 


Distribution.—Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (Raffles), Borneo 
Celebes and Amboyna (Miller), Philippines (Gunther). 


238 MAMMALIA 


a. Skin, skull Malacca F. W. Lindstedt, 1846, 
-A.S B. 

6. Skin, skull ¢ aietiad W. Rutledge. 
c. Skeleton é actos Purchased, 1867. 
d. Stuffed Malacca F. W. Lindstedt, A.S.B. 
e. Stuffed g Malay Peninsula J. Anderson. 
Ff. Skin aire Purchased, 1867. 
g- Skin, skull 9 Penang Zoological Gardens. 

_. juy. 
h. Skin, skelet. 9 somes W. Rutledge. 

juy. 

j. Skin a setieus W. Rutledge. 


Viverra civetta. 


Viverra civetta, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 418, Aélas, pl. cxi (1 778) ; Gray 
Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 46. 


Distribution—Africa generally. 
a. Skin Gs esi ; W. Rutledge. 


Genus VIVERRICULA. 


Viverricula, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H.,i., p. 152 (1838). Type, V. malac- 
censis. 


Viverricula malaccensis. 


Viverra malaccensis, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 92 (1788); Gray Cat. Hodgs. 

Coll., 1st ed., p. 8; Ferdon Mamm., p, 122; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., 
.21t. 

heave leveriana, Shaw Mus. leverianum (1792)*. 

Viverra indica, Desmarvest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., vii, p. 170 (1817); Sykes 
P. Z.S., 1831, p.101; Elliot Madr. Fourn.,x, p. 102; Horsfield Cat. 
E. I. Mus., p. 58. 

Viverra rasse, Horsfield Zool. Res., with plate (1824); id, Cat. E. I. Mus., 
p. 59; Peters Reise nach Mossambique, i, p. 113. 

Viverra bengalensis, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., i, pl. iv (1832). 

Viverra pallida, Gray P. Z. S., p. 63 (1832); id. Idlustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. 
vi; Swinhoe P. Z. S. 18625-p. 353. 

Viverricula indica, Hodgson F. A. S.B, x, p. 909 (1841). 

Viverricula malaccensis, Cantor ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 199 (1846) ; Kelaart Prodr. 
Faun. Zeylan., p. 37; Blyth Cat. no. 143, p.45; Gray P. Z.S., 1864, 
P- 513; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p.47; Swinhoe P.Z.S, 1870, pp. 227, 630; 
Atkinson N.W. P. Gazett., xi, p. 19; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, 
p. 25; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. p. 166; Spearman Burma Gazett., 
p. 548; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 55; Flanford Mammals, p. 100. 


The Small Civet; Mushak billi, Deccani and Hindustani; 
Gandha gokul, Bengali; Kasturi, Juwadee manjar, Mahratta ; 
Punagin bekh, Canarese; Punagu pilli, Telegu; Saiger, Bugmyal, 
Terai of Nepal; Ooralawa, Cingalese; Wa-young-kyoung-bonk, 
Arakanese ; Kyoung kado, Burmese. 

Distribution.—Comoro Isles, Socotra and Madagascar(Thomas), 


PRIONODON. 239 


India, Ceylon (Kelaart), Assam, Burma, Upper and Lower, 
Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Java (Horsfield), South China, Hainan 
and Formosa (Swinhoe). 

In India this form seems to be found everywhere except perhaps 
in the Punjab and Sind; it is recorded from Sambhar Lake, Raj- 
pootana (Thomas), from the Terai of Kumaon (Atkinson), and 
Nepal (Hodgson), Central India, Bengal, Assam, the Deccan 
(Sykes), and Southern Mahratta country (Elliot). 


a. Skin, skull Assam J. Anderson 1872. 
6. Skin, skull Assam J. Anderson 1872, 
ce. Skin Cachar Museum Collector. 
da. Skin Naga Hills, Assam A, W. Chennell, 1877, 
e. Skin Q Bhamo, 600 ft. J. Anderson 1868. 
Jf. Skin Goona, C. India A. Barclay. 
g. Skin, skull ¢ Calcutta Purchased, 1870. 
A, Skin Calcutta Purchased 
j. Skin North Africa? British Museum [Ex.] 
&. Skin juv. fairs No history, A.S.B. 
2. Skin juv. eile No history, A.S.B. 
m. Skull is No history, A.S.B. 
m. Skull kn ee No history, A.S.B. 
o. Skull Te ; Purchased. 

pov. 7 Stuffed on one Siiwee No history, A.S.B, 

stand, 
asuas No history, A.S.B. 

w. Skeleton 4422 wares : No history, A.S.B. 
x. Skull Goona, C. I. A. Barclay. 
y. Skin, skull Chumbi, Thibet ? Schneider [P.] 
zg. Skin Ceylon Colombo Museum. 


Genus PRIONODON. 


Prionodon, Horsfield Zool. Res. (1824). Type, P. gracilis. 
Linsang, Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 28 (1839). Type, 
P, gracilis. 


Key of the Indian Species. 
a. Large, about 35 inches, including the tail; dorsal surface 
covered with large patches of black. 
P. maculosus, p. 239. 
a, Smaller, about 30 inches, including the tail; back with broad 
transverse bands. ; 
P. pardicolor, p. 240. 


Prionodon maculosus. 


Prionodon maculosus, Blanford $. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 152, pls. vi, vii (1878) * 
Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 66; Blanford Mammals, p. 104. 


Distribution,—Known only from Tenasserim. 


(No specimen in the Museum.] 


240 MAMMALIA. 


Prionodon pardicolor. 


Prionodon pardicolor, Hodgson Cal. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 57, pl. i; figs. 3, 6 
(1842) ; id. ibid., viii, p. 40; Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p. 52; Blyth Cat. 
no. 146, p. 46; Ferdon Mamm., p. 124; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., 
p. 166; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 212; Blanford Mammals, p. 103. 

Linsang pardicolor, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 49 (1843); id. Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 8. 

Viverra perdicator, Schinz Syn. Mamm., i, p. 366 (1844). 


The Tiger Civet ; Zik-chum, Bhotea; Suliyu, Lepcha. 
Distribution.—Nepal, Sikkim and Kakhyen Hills of Upper Bur- 
ma (Anderson). 


a. Skin, skull Darjeeling E. R. Henry. 

6. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 

ce. Skin, skull Gumpah, Sikkim J. Knight. 

d. Skin Kakhyen Hills J. Anderson, 

e. Skin ten nee No history, A.S.B. 
Ff. Skin Roath No history, A.S.B. 
g. Stuffed Darjeeling Mrs, Saxon, A.S.B. 


Genus GENETTA. 
Genetta, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., ist ed., i, p. 156 (1817). 


Genetta vulgaris. 


Viverra genetta, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 65 (1766). 

Genetta afra, F. Cuvier Nat. Hist. Mamm.,livr. lii, with plate (1825) ; Blyth 
Cat. no. 144, p. 46. 

Genetta vulgaris, Lesson Man. Mamm., p 173 (1827). 

Genetta bonapartii, Loche Rev. Mag. Zool (2), ix, p. 385, pl. xiii (1857). 


Distribution.—South Europe, 7., France, Spain and Turkey, 
North Africa and Palestine. 


u. Stuffed Algeria A. Malherbe, 1848, A.S.B. 


Genetta tigrina. 


Viverra tigrina, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 425, Atlas, pl. exv (1778). 

Genetta abyssinica, Rippell N. Wirbelth., p. 33, pl. xi (1835). 

Senrt tigrina, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., p. 49 (1843) ; Blyth Cat. no. 145, 
p. 46. 

Viverra genetta, Peters Reise nach Mossambique, i, p. 113 (1852) 

Viverra abyssinica, Gerrard Cat. Bones B, M., p. 71 (1862). 


Distribution —South Africa and up through Mosambique to 
Abyssinia, 


a. Stuffed South Africa 


E, L. Layard, 
6. Stuffed South Africa ee ie 1850, A.S.B. 


Layard, 1859, A.S.B. 


HEMIGALE, 241 


Genus HEMIGALE. 


Hemigalus, fourdan Comptes Rend., v, p. 442 (1837). Type, H. hardwickii. 
Hemigalea, Gray P. Z.S., p. 524 (1864). 


Hemigale hardwickii. 


Viverra hardwickii, Gray Spiceleg. Zool., p. 9 (1830). 

Hemigalus zebra, Fourdan Comptes Rend., v, p. 442 (1837). . 

Paradoxurus derbianus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. Nat. Hist., i, p. §79 (1837); 
Cantor F$. A. S. B., xv, p. 202. - 

Paradoxurus zebra, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. §79 (1837). 

Viverra boiei, Miller Tijdschr. Natuur. Ges., v, p. 144 (1838); Miller & 
Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 121, pl. xviii. 

Hemigalea derbiana, Blyth Cat. no. 147, p. 46 (1863); Fentink Notes Leyd, 
Mus., Xi, p. 23. 

Hemigalea hardwickii, Gray P. Z. S., p.524 (1864) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p. 57; Thomas P. Z.S., 1886, p. 73. ; 


Distribution.—Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. 


a. Stuffed Malacca M., de Stow, 1843, A.S.B. 


Genus ARCTOGALE. 
Arctogale, Gray P. Z. S., p. 542 (1864). 


Arctogale trivirgata. 


Paradoxurus trivirgatus, Gray P. Z.S., p. 68 (1832); Temminck Monogr. 


Mamm,, ii, p. 333; pl. lxiii. 
Arctogale ‘trivirgata, Blanford P,Z. S., p. 789 (1885). 


Distribution —Java only 

The single specimen A. trivirgata is from Java, and seems to 
differ from A. leucotis in being smaller, having the three dark lines 
down the back much more distinct, and wanting the dark patch 
at the base of the ear. The skull also differs in being smaller, 
and the palate is not produced back so far as in A. leucotis. 


a, Stuffed, skull Java W. Rutledge, 1870, 
e 


Arctogale leucotis. 


Paguma trivirgata, apud Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 55 (1843); Cantor 
ALS. B., Xv. p. 201. : 

Pap pa eee Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 66 (1851); Blyth F. A. 
S B., xxvii, p. 274; Blyth Cat. no. 153, Pp. 48; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p. 76; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 26. ; 

Paradoxurus stigmaticus, Temminck Esquis. Zool., p. 120 (1853); Fentink 
Notes Leyd. Mus., vii, p. 35; id. ibid, xi, p. 23. 

R 


242 MAMMALIA. 


Paradoxurus trivirgata, apud Blyth Cat. no. 150, p. 47 (1863). 
Arctogale trivirgata, Gray P. Z.S., p. 543 (1864); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 


+ 75° “ 
Povadoxtint prehensilis, apud P. L. Sclater P. Z, S., p. 681, pl. xxi (1877). 
Arctogale leucotis, Blanford P. Z. S., p. 789 (1885) ;. Thomas P. Z.S., 1886, 

p- 73; Blanford Mammals, p. 115; Anderson F. Linn, Soc., xxi, p. 338. 


Small Palm Civet; Na-zwet-phyoo, Arakan; Kyoung-na-ga 
in Tenasserim, Kyoung-na-rwek-phyoo, Burmese. 

. Distribution.—Sikkim, Arakan, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Suma- 
tra and Borneo. 

There has been some confusion with regard to the species of 
Arctogale which, according to Blanford (P. Z.S., 1885, p. 789), are 
two in number, Arctogale trivirgata, Gray, confined to Java, and 
Arctogale leucotis, Horsf. (=A. stigmatious of Temminck), found 
in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra and stretching up through 
Arakan to Darjeeling, whence there is a skin in the Museum “a” 
which is probably referable to this species though, in the absence 
of the skull, it is not possible to make an authoritative assertion. 

The specimens “f,” “g” and “h” were all identified by Blyth 
as A. trivirgata, of these “‘g” and “h” seem to accord better with 
A. leucotis and have been re-named so; the third “f” is from 
Malacca and is larger and of a darker colour, and wants the black 
patch at the base of the ear, so that it is poss'ble that it will turn 
out to be a new species. 


a, Skin Darjeeling Dr. Stewart 1856, A. S. B. 
6. Skin, skull Moulmein dist. Museum Collector, 1873. 
ec. Skin, skull sa No history. : 
d, Stuffed, skull uaa F. Skipwith, 1845, A. S. B. 
e. Stuffed, skull Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1846, A. S. B. 
J. Stuffed, skull Malacca Rev. F, T. Lindstedt, 1846, 
A.S. B. 

g. Stuffed Rangoon Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
h, Stuffed, skull Malacca ~ Rev. F. T. Lindstedt, 1847, 

juv. A.S.B. 
@% Skull ae No history, A. S. B. 
k. Skeleton 2 seis Zoological Gardens. 
2, Skin 3 King Isle, Mergui, J. Anderson. 

7-2-82, 


Genus PARADOXURUS, 


Paradoxurus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. live. xxiv (1821). Type, P, niger. 

Paguma, Gray P. Z. S., p. 95 (1831). Type, P. larvatus. 

Platyschista, Otto Nova Acta Acad, Leop, Caro., xvii, p. 1089 (1835). 
Type, P. hermaphroditus. 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a. The bony palate extends less than ‘25 inches behind the posterior 
molars ; vibrissae in general dark coloured. 


PARADOXURUS, 243 


4. Colour fulvous, ashy or black ; the anterior palatine foramina, 
only extending as far as the canines. 


c. Teeth moderate; upper sectorial -30 inches long by °25 
inches wide. P. hermaphroditus, p. 243. 


ce, Teeth very large; upper sectorial *39 inches long by °33 
inches wide. P, macrodus, p. 246. 


4. Colour dark brown, fur grizzled, not glossy, with brown tips; 
anterior palatine foramina extending to opposite the ante- 
rior premolars. P. jerdoni, p. 246. 


88, Colour rusty red throughout. P, aureus, p. 247. 


a The bony palate extends more than °25 inches behind the poste- 
rior molars; vibrissae in part at least conspicuously white. 


d, Colour gray or fulvous; head markings indistinct; skull 
4°5 to 4°75 inches long. P. grayi, p, 247. 


d*, Colour brown or rufous; head markings generally dis- 
tinct brown and whitish, a broad pale band across 
forehead or whole face whitish; skull about 5 inches 
long. P, leucomystax, p. 248. 


Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. 


Var A.—typicus. 


Viverra hermaphrodita, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 426 (1778). 

Viverra prehensilis, Desmavest Mamm., p. 208 (1820). 

Viverra musanga, Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 252 (1820); Horsfield Zool. 
Res., with plate (1824). 

Paradoxurus prehensilis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 66 (1832) ; id. Lusty. Ind, Zool. 
li, pl. ix. : 

Pi esosuras musanga, Gray P. Z.S., p. 66 (1832); Cantor F. A.S. B., xv, 
p. 201 ; Blyth Cat. no. 148, p. 46. [pt.]; Ferdon Mamm., p. 125; Miller 
Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl,, p. 31; Blyth F. A.S.B., xliv 
Burma list, p. 26; Sterndale Mamm. Ind. p. 216; Fentink Notes Leyd. 
Mus,, xi, p. 22. 

Paradoxurus dubius, Gray P. Z. S., p. 66 (1832). 

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Gray P.Z.S., p.67 (1832); Blanford P, Z.S. 
1885, p. 794; Thomas P. Z, S., 1886, pp. 67,73 ; W.L. Sclater P. A. S. Buy 
1888, p. 125 ; Blanford Mammals, p. 108; Anderson F. Linn. Soc., xxi, 


» 338. 
Paradoeurda pallasii, Gray °. Z. S., p.67 (1832). 
Paradoxurus crossii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 67 (1832). 
Paradoxurus finlaysonii,. Gray P..Z. S., p. 68 (1832). 
Paradoxurus quinquelineatus, Gray Charvlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 579 (1837). 
Paradoxurus musangoides, Gray Charlesw. Mag, N. H.,i., p. 579 (1837). 


R2 


244 MAMMALIA. 


Paradoxurus felinus, Wagner Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl, ii., p. 349 (1841). 
Paradoxurus nigrifrons, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 55 (1843). 
Paradoxurus setosus, Pucheran Hombr. et Facg. Voy. au Péle Sud Zool., 


iii, p. 25, pl. vi (1853). 
Paradoxurus fasciatus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 536 (1864). 


Var. B.—strictus. 


Paradoxurus strictus, Hersfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xvi, p. 10§ (1855).. 
Paradoxurus quadriscriptus, Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xvi, p. 106 
(1855) ; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 5. 


Var. C.—niger. 


Viverra niger, Desmarest Mamm., p. 208 (1820). 

Viverra bondar, Desmarest Mamm, p. 210 (1820). : 

Paradoxurus typus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr. xxiv (1821); Sykes 
P.Z.S., 1831, p. 102 ; Elliot Madr, Fourn., x, p. 103; Horsfield Cat. E. 1. 
Mus., p. 60; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylat., p. 38. 

Paradoxurus leucopus, Ogilby Zool, Fourn., iv, p. 304 (1828), 

Paradoxurus bondar, Gray P. Z. S., p. 66 (1832) ; id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., 
p- 10; Ferdon Mamm., p. 128. 

Paradoxurus pennanti, Gray P. Z, S., p. 66 (1832). 

Platyschista pallassi, Otto Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Caro., xvii, p. 1089 


(1835). 
Paradoxurus hirsutus, Hodgson As. Res., xix, p. 72 (1836) ; id. ¥. A. S. B., x, 


P. 909. 
Paguma bondar, Horsfield Cat. Mamm. E. I. Mus., p. 68 (1851). 
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, apud Gray P. Z.S., p. 532 (1864). 
Paradoxurus musanga, apud Blyth Cat. n0. 148, p. 46 (1863); Ferdon Mamm., 


p. 125 [pt.} | 
Paradoxurus niger, Blanford P. Z.S., p.792 (1885); Thomas P. Z. S., 1886. 


Pp 55 W. L. Sclater P, A. S. B., 1888, p. 125; Blanford Mammals, 
p. 106. 


The Toddy Cat or Palm Cat; Lakati also Jharka kutta, Hindus- 
tani; Bhondor, Bengali; Menuri, Deccan ; Ud, Mahrattas; Kera 
bek, Canarese; Manu pilli (tree cat), Telegu; Marra pilli, 
Malayalim ; Oogoodova, Cingalese ; Kyoung woon bouk, Arakan 
and Burmese ; Jymabel (Walker), Assamese. 

Distribution.—The typical variety is found throughout Burma 
Siam, the Malay Peninsula, and the Islands of Sumatra, Borneo 
and Java; var. strictus seems to be confined to the Sikkim Terai 
and Assam; var. niger is found throughout India proper, from the 
Himalayas southwards, including Ceylon, becoming rarer towards 
the north-west and in the east in Lower Bengal, where it mixes 
with the typical variety. 

Blanford in his monograph of the genus Paradoxurus (P. Z.’S., 
1885, p. 780) divided the common toddy cat into two distinct 
species ; it seems however more in accordance with the facts to 
recognize the two species only as geographical races; since, 


PARADOXURUS. 245 


although the toddy cat of Southern India is fairly distinguishable 
from that of the Malay Peninsula, the forms met with in Lower 
Bengal are intermediate between the two. 

The typical variety is distinguished by the marked longitudinal 
stripes down the back ; the hill variety (var. strictus), by its darker 
colour, more distinct spots, and smaller size, the Indian variety 
(var. niger) by the absence of definite stripes and spots which are 
replaced by dusky patches. 


Var. A.—typicus. 


@ Skin eee W. Rutledge. 

é. Skin, skelet.@ Calcutta H. Philips. 

ce. Skin, skull @ Midnapore jungles Zoological Gardens. 
uv, 

d@, Skin,skelet.Q = anes W. Rutledge. 

e. Skin, skull @ Calcutta Rajah R. Mullick. 
juv. 

f. Skin,skelet.g Calcutta Rajah R. Mullick. 

g. Stuffed @ Calcutta Purchased, 1870. 

A. Stuffed juv, Calcutta J. Hinder, 1868, 

j. Stuffed Bengal J. W. Laidlay. 

&. Skin, skull Calcutta Purchased, 1870. 

1, Skin, skull Calcutta Purchased, 1870. 

-m. Stuffed Calcutta Purchased, 1870. 

n, Skin, skull King Isle, Mergui,31-1-82 J. Anderson. 

o. Skin ¢g KingIsle, Mergui, 10-2-82 J. Anderson, 

p. Skin King Isle, Mergui, 1-2-82 J. Anderson. 


Var. B.—strictus. 


a Skin eee Zoological Gardens, 
& Skin Dikrang, Assam H. H. Godwin Austen, 
ce. Stuffed Assam J. Anderson, 1870. 

d. Stuffed Assam J. Anderson, 1870, 


Var. C.—niger. 


a. Skull oe ees No history. 
é. Skin, skull 9 Calcutta Purchased, 
e. Skin juv. (Kitten of “b”). 
@. Skin sees T. Galaffle. 
e. Skin @  Paresnath, Bengal E. V. Westmacott, 1868. 
Jf. Skin Goona, C. I. A. Barclay, 1878. 
g. Skin Benares, N.-W.P. C. Horne, 1864, A.S.B, 
h. Skin,skelet. g Koila Ghat, Bengal Zoological Gardens, 
j. Skin, skull g Museum compound Museum Coll. 
juv. Calcutta. 
&. Skin, skull 9 Rangoon ? W. Rutledge. 
2, Skin, skull canes Babu P. K. Shaw, 1863, 


AS.B. 


246 MAMMALIA. 


m. Stuffed Agra, N..W.P. Agra Museum, 1870. 
n. Skin, skull 9 issees Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
o. Skull Calcatta A.S.B, 
b. Skull Goalpara, Assam No history. 
q. Skull eT Ty A.S.B. 
r. Skeleton siapees A.S.B. 
s. Skull eens No history. 
t. Skin, skull Ceylon Colombo Mus, 
#. Skin Shevaroy hills Mrs. W. King. 
v. Skull, skin of Shevaroy hills Mrs. W. King. 
head. 
w. Skull teneee A.S.B. 


Paradoxurus macrodus. 


Paradoxurus macrodus, Gray P, Z.S., p. 538 (1864) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p. 70; Blanford P, Z. S., 1885, p. 801; W. L. Sclater P. A, S. B,, 1888, 
p. 125. 


Distribution —Malay Peninsula. 

Among the specimens of Paradoxurus belonging to the old 
collection of the Asiatic Society are four obtained from Malacca, 
identified by Blyth as Paradoxurus musanga, on examining the 
skulls, however, it was at once seen that these specimens were 
really Paradoxurus macrodus of Gray, only known hitherto from a 
single skull in the British Museum (Blanford P.Z.S., 1885, p. 801). 
In external characters this species does not differ appreciably from 
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, but the skulls are at once distin- 
guished by the large size of the teeth. 


a. Stuffed, skull Malacca E. Lindstedt, A.S.B. 
&. Stuffed, skull Malacca E, Lindstedt, A.S.B. 
¢. Stuffed, skull Malacca E. Lindstedt, A.S.B, 
juv. 
d. Stuffed juv. Malacca E. Lindstedt, A.S.B. 
e. Skeleton Q eecuce Zoological Gardens, 
J. Skeleton @Q sees Zoological Gardens, 
Paradoxurus jerdoni. 


Paradoxurus jerdoni, Blanford P. Z. S., pp. 613 & 802, 


I. xlix (188) 
W. L. Sclater P. A. S, B., 1888, p. 124; Blanfora Mammake, o nent 


Zs, p. 111, 
Distribution —Southern India, Madura Hills (Blanford), and 
Nilgiris. ; 
This species of Paradoxurus lately described by Blanf 
(P. Z.S., 1885, p. 613), is at once distinguished from P, feaneee 
ditus by the length of the anterior palatal foramina which extend 
back to a line drawn through the middle of the rst pair of pre- 


PARADOXURUS. - 247 


molars. The tip of the tail in the single specimen in the Museum 


fs black, not white as described and figured by Blanford. 
a, Skin, skull Ootacamund, 2-88 J. Ross. 


Paradoxurus aureus. 


Paradoxurus aureus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, ix, p. 48, pl. iv (1822); 
Blanford P. Z. S., 1885, pl. 1, p. 802; id. Mammals, p. 110. 

Paradoxurus zeylanicus, Kelaart Prod. Faun. Zeylan. p. 39 (1852); Blyth 
F A. Sv By xx, pp. 161, 184; id. Cat, p. 47; Gray Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 64. 

ea montanus, Kélaart apud Blyth F, A. S. B. xx, p. 161 
1851). 


Coolla wedda, Cingalese. 
Distribution.—Ceylon. 


a. Stuffed, skull Ceylon E. L, Layard, 1849, A.S.B. 
6. Stuffed, skull Ceylon E, L. Layard, 1849, A.S.B. 
ce. Stuffed, skull Ceylon E. L, Layard, 1849, A.S.B 


juv. 
a, Skin Ceylon (West Prov.) Colombo Museum. 


Paradoxurus grayi, 


Paradoxurus grayi, Bennett P. Z, S., p. 118 (1835); Blyth Cat. no. 154, 
p. 48; Ferdon Mamm., p. 128; McMaster Notes on F$erdon, p. 37; 
Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 26; Spearman Burma Gazett., 
p- 549; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 217; Ball Stray Feathers, ii, p. 369; 
Blanford P. Z. S. 1885, p. 803; id. Mammals, p. 112. 

Paradoxurus nipalensis, Hodgson As. Res., xix, p. 76 (1836). 

Paguma grayi, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 54 (1843) ; id. Cat. Hodgs, Coll., 
ist ed., p. 9; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 73. 

Paradoxurus tytlerii, Tytler ¥. A. S. B., xxxiii, p. 188 (1864). 

Paradoxutus laniger, apud Blyth Cat. no. 152, p. 48; id. $. A. S. B., xxvii, 


Pp. 274. 


Distribution —The Himalayas from Simla to Assam, Arakan 
and the Andamans; Chota Nagpore? (Ball) Northern Circars ? 
(McMasters). 

Paradoxurus tytleri was described by Tytler as the species of 
Palm Cat inhabiting the Andamans, it is represented in the 
Museum collection by several specimens, ze, “1,” “m,” “n,” 
“‘p,” “q;” these specimens confirm, what has been already 
shown by Blanford, that this insular form in no way differs from 
the ordinary P. grayi. 

Blyth named one of the specimens below “o” P. laniger of 
Hodgson, it does not agree, however, with the description of 
P. laniger, in which the tail is said to be 4 the length of the body 
and tapering; the tail of specimen ‘‘o” is quite as long as the 
body, and approximately of the same width throughout, and the 


248 * MAMMALIA, 


whole appearance of the skin accords with that of P. grayi; un- 
fortunately the skull is missing. 


a. Skin, skull 
6. Skin, skull 2 
c. Skin 


ooacee 


Assam . 


No history. 
A. W. Chennell, 1875. 
India Mus., London. 


ad, Skin Sikkim (Hodgson) India Mus.. London. 

e. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. 

J. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. 

g. Skin Chota Nagpore V. Ball, 1876. 

hk, Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1844, A.S.B. 

j. Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1844, A.S.B, 

k, Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B, 

2, Stuffed, skull Andamans R.C. Tytler, 1864, A.S.B. 

m, Stuffed, skull Andamans R. C. Tytler, 1864, A.S.B. 

n. Stuffed, skull Andamans R.C. Tytler, 1864, A.S.B. 

o, Stuffed Himalayas en of Burdwan, 1858, 
WS.B. 

p. Skeleton Andamans R.C. Tytler, 1864. 

g- Skull Ardamans R. C. Tytler, 1864. 

7 Skull Benares ? C. Horne, 1868, 


s. Skeleton 
#, Skin, skull ¢ 


No history. 
W. Rutledge, 1880. 


jyuv. 
zw. Skull Darjeeling No history. 
v. Skull Darjeeling Dr. Stewart, 1856, A.S.B. 
w. Skull Andamans R. C. Tytler, A.S.B. 
x, Skin Nepal J. Scully. 
y. Skin Shillong, Assam 


T, LaTouche. 


Paradoxurus leucomystax. 


Paradoxurus leucomystax, Gray P. Z.S., p. 88 (1836) ; id. Charlesw, Mag. N. 
#1, i, p. $79 (1837) 5 Blyth Cat., p. 48; Miller Over de Zoogdieven in Tem. 
Verhandl., p. 32; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus. v,p.178; Blanford P. Z, S. 
1885, p. 805; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus.,, xi, p. 23 , 

Paradoxurus jourdani, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. 879 (1837). 

Paguma leucomystax, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. §8 (1843); Cantor 
Ff. A. S. B., xv, p. 200; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., P> 73. 

Paradoxurus ogilbyi, Fraser Zool. Typ. pl. x (1849). 

Paradoxarus auratus, Blainville Osteog., ii, Viverra, p. 06 (1839-64). 

es tubidus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxvii, p. 275 (1858); id. Cat. no, 
155) P, 48. : 


Distribution —Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and 
other islands but not Java (Blanford). Aone? 


a. Skin, skelet. 9 
5. Skin, skelet. 9 ee 
e. Skin, skull 9 Malacca (Cantor) 
d, Stuffed,skull Malacca 


taneae W. Rutledge, 1875, 
Purchased, 1879. 

India Mus,, London. 

Messrs. Lindstedt and Frith, 


1843, A.S. B. 

e. Stuffed, skull Malacca Messrs, Lindstedt and Frith, 
1843, A.S.B. 

J Stuffed, skull oaseee Purchased, 1857, A. S. B, 


{Type of P, rubidus, Blyth.] 


ARCTICTIS. 249 


Paradoxurus laniger. 


Paradoxurus laniger, Hodgson As. Res., xix, p. 79 (1836); Gray Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 74; Blanford P. Z. S., 1885, p. 807; id. Mammals, p. 114. 
Paguma laniger, Gray List Mamm. B, M.,"p. §5 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. 

Coll, 1st. ed. p. g. 


Disiribution.—Thibet? 
[No specimen in the Museum ] 


Genus ARCTICTIS. 


Arctictis, Temminck Prospec. Monogr. Mamm. (1824)*; id. Monogr. Mamm., 
i, p. xxi, and ii, p. 310. ; 
Ictides, Valenciennes Ann. Sci. Nat. (1), iv, p. 57 (1824). 


Arctictis binturong. 


Viverra binturong, Raffles Linn, Trans., xiii, p. 252 (1822). 

Paradoxurus albifrons, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, ix, p. 48, pl. iv (1822), 

Ictides ater, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. xliv (1824); M’Clelland 
Cale. $. N. H., ii, p. 457. 

Ictides albifrons, Valenciennes Ann. Sci. Nat., (1) iv, p. 57 (1824). 

Arctictis binturong, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 308 (1835); Cantor 
F. A. S. B. xv, p. 192; Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p.94; Gray Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 58; Blyth Cat. no. 157, p.49; Ferdon Mamm., p.130; Mc 
Master Notes on Ferdon, p. 37; Blyth F. A.S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 
26; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 550; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 221; 
Blanford Mammals, p. 118. 

ees pencillatus, Maller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 32 
(1839). 


The Binturong or Bear Cat; Myouk kya, Burmese. 
Distributton.—The Himalayas from Simla to Assam, Burma, 
Siam, Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Java and Sumatra (Muller). 


a. Skin : Chittagong E. Sanders. 

6. Skin, skelet. ¢ spain Purchased, 18709. 

c. Skin, skull ¢ stssisa Purchased, 1879. 

d. Skin, skull 9 sieves Zoological Gardens. 

e. Skin juv. 9 weal W. Rutledge, 1878. 

Ff. Skin, skull Q eaiiaaa W. Rutledge, 1882. 

g. Skin, skelet.g Malacca? Rajah R. Mullick, 1873. 
h. Skin, skelet. seenes W. Rutledge. 

j. Skeleton g Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A. S. B. 
& Skull aad H. Falconor, 1854, A. S. B, 
2. Skin, skull g Stee Purchased, 1879. 

m. Skeleton ¢ Seis Purchased, 1879. 

nm. Skull esenes No history, A. S. B. 


Genus CYNOGALE, 


Cynogale, Gray P. Z. S., p. 88 (1836). 
Potamophilus, Miller Tijdsch. Natuur. Gesch.,v, «140 (1838). 


250 MAMMALIA. 


Cynogale bennetti. 


Cynogale bennettii, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. #.,i, p. 579 (1836); Gervais 
Voyage Bonite Zool., p. 24, pl. vi; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p, 203; 
Wallace Island life, p 351; Blyth Cat. no. 156, Pp. 49; Gray Cat. Carn, 
Mamm., p. 78; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., Xi, p. 24. " . 

Viverra carcharias, fourdain Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), viii, p. 281, pl. viii 

1837). 

Be ils barbatus, Miiller Tijdsch. Natuur. Gesch., vs p. 142 (1838); 

_ Miller and Schlegel in Tem. Verhandl., p. 115, pl. xvii. 

Cynogale barbata, Schinz Syn. Mamm., i, p. 388. 


Distribution.—Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Sumatra and Borneo. 


a, Stuffed, skull Malayan Peninsula Rev. F. J. Lindstedt, 1845, 
A. S. B. 
6. Skin, skelet. uae i W. Rutledge, 1882. 


Genus EUPLERES. 
Eupleres, Doyere Aun. Sci. Nat. (2), iv, p. 280'(1835). 


Eupleres goudoti. 


Eupleres goudotii, Doyere Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), iv, p. 281 (1835) ; Gray Cat. 
Carn. Mamm., p. 177- 


Distribution —Madagascar. 


a. Skin Madagascar Brit. Mus. [Ex.] 
4. Skelet. Madagascar Brit, Mus. [Ex.] 


Genus HERPESTES. 


Ichneumon, apud Lacépéde Mem. Insti. Paris, iii, p. 492 

(1801). Type, H. ichneumon. 
Herpestes, Ildiger Prodr., p. 135 (1811). Tye, H. ichneumon. 
Mangusta, Olivier apud Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 162 (1820). 
Mungos, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 103 (1835). Type, H. vitticollis. 
Urva, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B,, vi, p. 561 (1837). Type, H. urva, 
Mesobema, Hodgson F, A. S. B., x, p. 910 (1841). Type, H. urva. 
Osmetectis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 260 (1842). Type, H. urva. 
Calogale, Gray P. Z. S., p. 560 (1864). Type, H. auropunctatus, 
Calictis, Gray t. c., p. 564 (1864). Type, H. smithi. 
Taeniogale, Gray t. ¢., p. 569 (1864). Tyse, H. vitticollis. 
Onychogale, Gray t. c., p. 570 (1864). Type, H. maccarthiz, 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a. No bands or stripes on the body; colour more or less con- 
colorous. 


5, Small (skull under 2} inches long), fur adpressed; hairs 


HERPESTES 251 


on the posterior part of the back and commencement of 
the tail not longer than those of the rest of the body. 


H. auropunctata, p. 251. 


2, Large (skull over 3 inches long), fur not adpressed ; hairs 
on the posterior part of the back considerably elongated. 


¢. Tail black tipped. . H. smithi, p, 254. 
¢*. Tail without black tip, 


e. Hair with 3 very narrow light bands, about ? the length 
of the dark bands. 


/. Very dark, under-fur dark-brown. 
H. fuscus, p. 255. 
f°. Light yellowish ; tail-tip pure yellow. 
H. fulvescens, p. 255. 
é. Hair with light and dark bands of equal length. 


H. mungo, p. 253. 
a®. With streaks behind the ears. 


h. Black streak behind the ear; limbs dark; tip of tail black; 
red onhind-quarters. . - Hz. vitticollis, p, 256. 


#®, White streak behind the ear; tail not black tipped; back 
with white tips to the fur; below chest and limbs reddish 
brown. ‘ ‘ - - H. urva, p. 256, 


Herpestes auropunctatus. 


Var, A.—typicus. 


Viverra auropunctata, Hodgson F. A. S. B., v, p. 235 (1836). 

Herpestes nipalensis, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H.,i., p. 578 (1837); Gray 
Cat, Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 9; Horsfield Cat, E. I. Mus., p.gt ; Blyth Cat, 
no. 165, p. 51; Ferdon Mamm., p. 136. 

Herpestes auropunctatus, Wagner Schrebr. Saugeth. Suppl, ii, p. 310 (1841); 
Cantor F. A. S B., xv, p. 242; Alston P. Z. S., 1870, p. 665; Anderson 
Anat. Zool. Res., p. 173, pl. xi, figs. 11and 12; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gazett., 
xi, p. 20; Blanford Mammals, p. 121. 

Herpestes pallipes, Blyth F. A. S. B., xiv, pe 346 (1845). 

Herpestes griseus, apud Hutton F. A. S. B., xiv, p. 346 (1845). 

Herpestes javanicus, Blyth ¥. A, S. B., xxi, p. 349 (1852). 

Herpestes persicus, Gray P.Z.S., p. 554 (1864); id. Cat. Carn, Mamm., 
p. 151; Blanford Persia., p. 42; id. P. Z. S., 1874, p. 663; Murray Zool, 
Sind, p. 33; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 174, pl. ix, figs. 9 and 10. 

Calogale nepalensis, Gray Cat, Carn. Mamm,, p. 158 (1869). 


252 MAMMALIA. 


Var. B.—birmanicus. 


Herpestes auropunctatus birmanicus, Thomas Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), xvii, 
p. 84 (1886) ; id. P. Z. S., 1886, p. 58. 
Herpestes birmanicus, Blanford Mammals, p. 122 (1888). 


Mush-i khourma, Persian. ‘ 

Distribution.—South-west Persia (Blanford), Sind (Blanford), 
Kandahar (Hutton), and the lower ranges of the Himalayas and 
their neighbouring plains from Kashmir to Sikkim, including 
Lower Bengal. 

The Burmese variety is found in Assam, Upper and Lower 
Burma and perhaps the Malay Peninsula. 

There is now in the Museum a very fair series of Herpestes 
persicus of Gray; Anderson in his Zoological Researches seems 
to doubt whether this species is separable from H. auropunctatus ; 
he, however, asserts that the skull of Herpestes persicus is less 
elongated with a broader and shorter muzzle, wider palate and 
broader frontal area between the orbits; all these differences seem 
to break down on examining a larger series of skulls, such as the 
Museum now possesses, and it is quite impossible to find any point 
of distinction between these two so-called species. 

Thomas has also separated the Assamese and Burmese small 
mungoose as a distinct geographical race, and Blanford has raised 
this race to the dignity of a species. 

There seems no ground for specifically separating these two 
races, as the distinction seems to rest merely on the slightly larger 
size and darker colour of the Burmese race; the hind-foot and 
tarsus of the four representatives of this race in the Museum varies 


from 1°95 to 2'05 inches, while those of the typical raée run up to 
2°05 as well. 


Var. A.—typicus. 


a. Skin : Pind Dadan Khan, W. Theobold, 1867, A.S.B. 
Punjab. 

6, Skin @ Shahpur, Punjab G. Henderson. 

¢. Skin, skull Quetta, Br. Baluchis- Zoological Gardens, 1887. 
tan, (Sir O. St.John). 

d, Skin, skull Sukkur, Sind F. Day [P.], 1876. 

e. Skin, skull g Agra, N.-W. P. Agra Museum. 

J. Skin Agra, N.-W. P. No history. 

g. Skin N.-W. Himalayas T. C. Jerdon. 

A. Skin, skull Nepal Mus. Coll, 1872. 

J. Skin Nepal J. Scully, 

& Skin, skull Calcutta (Bot. Gar- J, Anderson. 
dens). 

2. Skin Calcutta J. Anderson, 1869. 

m. Skin,skull g Calcutta J. Anderson, 1869, 

n. Skin é Calcutta Purchased. 


HERPESTES. 253 


o. Skin Mutlah, Bengal Mus. Coll., 1870. 

fp» Skull Manbhoom, Bengal J. Anderson, 1877, 

q- Skull Manbhoom, Bengal J. Anderson, 1877. 

7. Skeleton é ore Calcutta Zoological Gar- 

dens, 1877. 

s. Skeleton é eevee J. Anderson. 

t. Skeleton é we be8 J. Anderson. 

u, Skeleton seeee Purchased. 

v. Skeleton @ Botanical Gardens J. Anderson, 1866. 

w. Skeleton é Calcutta ~ J. Anderson, 1865. 

x. Stuffed Calcutta E. Blyth, 1843, A.S.B. 
y. Stuffed Calcutta E. Blyth, 1843, A.S.B. 
z. Stuffed juv, Calcutta E. Blyth, 1843, A.S.B. 
a®, Stuffed juv. Calcutta E. Blyth, 1843, A.S.B. 
6°, Stuffed Midnapore R. Rollo, A.S.B. 

c?, Stuffed Midnapore R. Rollo, A.S.B. 

d?, Stuffed Agra, N.-W. P. Dr. Stewart, A.S.B. 
e?, Stuffed Agra, N.-W. P. Dr, Stewart, A.S.B. 
f?. Alc. skull @ Rajanpur, Punjab E. Sanders, 
2%. Ale. skull g Sind Karachi Museum. 
A. Alc. skull @ Karachi Karachi Museum. 

Var. B.—birmanicus, 

ae Skin Cachar Mus. Coll, 

6 Skull Cachar Mus. Coll. 

ee Skin, skull Chittagong D. Thorburn, 1864, 

A.S.B. 
a. Skin, skull Sawaddy, Burma J. Anderson, 


Herpestes mungo. 


Viverra mungo, Gmelin Syst. Nat. i, p. 84 (1788). 

Herpestes griseus, Desmarest Mamm., p, 212 (1820). 

Herpestes frederici, Desmarest Dict, Sc. Nat., xxix, p. 60 (1823). 

Mangusta malaccensis, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 164 (1820). 

Mangusta grisea, id. ibid. ; 

Herpestes griseus, Sykes P. Z.S., p.102,(1831); Wagner Hugel’s Rasch. 
mir, iv, p. 570; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 242; Horsfield Cat. E, I. 
Museum, p.90; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 41; Adams P, Z. Ss, 
1858, p. 516; Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 151; Blyth Cat. no. 164, 
Pp. 51; Ferdon Mamm., p, 132; Stoliczka F. A. S. B.,xli, p. 227; Murray 
Zool. Sind, p. 33; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 223; Thomas P. Z. S:, 
1886, p. 56; Bligh and Nevill Taprobanian, i, p. 58. 

Herpestes nyula, Hodgson F. A. S.B.,v, p. 236 (1836) ; Gray Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll., ist ed., p. 8. 

Mangusta mungos, Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 102 (1839). 

Herpestes pallidus, Wagner Schrebr. Sdugeth. Suppl., ii, p. 311 (1841); 
Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 181. ° 

Herpestes malaccensis, Blyth F. A. S. B, xxi, p. 349 (1852); id. Cat. 
no. 163, p. 51; Ferdon Mamm., p. 134; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm, 


» 153. 
Herpestes fimbriatus, Temminck Esquis. Zool., p. 112 (1853). 


254 MAMMALIA, 


Calogale nyula, Gray P. Z. S., p. 560 (1864); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
. 158. 
cyricds fimbriatus, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 171 (1869). ' 
Herpestes ferrugineus, Blanford P.Z.S., p. 661, pl. Ixxxi (1874); Murray 
Zool. Sind, p. 33; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 182. 
Herpestes andersoni, Murray Zool. Sind, p. 34 (1884). 
Herpestes mungo, Blanford P. Z. S., p. 631 (1887); id. Mammals, p. 123. 


The Gray Mungoose; Mungli, Canarese; Mongus, Mahratti; 
Moogatea, Cingalese; Nyul, Hindustani; Benji, Bengali ; Mungi, 
Mungisu-yentawa, Telegu; Koral, Gonds; Baj or Bij, Behar; 
Newera, Nore, Sind. ‘ 

Distribution.—India generally, from the Himalayas southwards, 
z.e., Kashmir (Hugel), Punjab (J. M.), Deccan (Sykes), Cutch (Sto- 
liczka), Sind (Murray), Travancore (I. M.), Assam also Ceylon 
(Kelaart) and has been recorded fromthe Malay Peninsula, but 
was probably imported there. 


a. Skin &@ Agra, N-W P. Agra Museum, 1870. 
6-d, 3 Skins Q Agra, N.-W.P. Agra Museum, 1870. 
e-g. 3 Skins Travancore Purchased. 

hk. Skin Travancore Rev. T. Baker, A.S.B. 
jem. 4 Skulls Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 1881. 

n. Skull Manbhoom, Beng. J. Anderson, 1877. 

o. Stuffed a No history, A S.B. 

&. Stuffed an ‘ No history, A.S.B. 

q. Stuffed juv. Bengal No history, A.S.B, 

7 Stuffed a, ‘ G. Finch, 1848, A.S.B. 

s. Stuffed é& Calcutta Parchased. 

#. Stuffed Assam H. P. Pierre. 

u, Skin Deccan (Sykes) India Mus., London. 

v. Skin Shevaroy Hills, Md. Mrs. W. King. 

w-x 2 Skins ¢ Bangalore Mus. Coll., Jatfa. 


Var.—ferrugineus. 


a. Skin, skull Larkhana, Sind, F. Day [P ], 1876° 
{Type of H. ferrugineus, Blanford.] 
62 Skin, skull Bushire, Persian Gulf Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 
ce. Stuffed beseas No history, A. S. B. 
Herpestes smithi. 


Herpestes smithi, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. §78 (1837); id. P. Z. S. 
1851, p 131, pl. xxx; Blyth Cat. no. 162, p- 50; Ferdon Mamm., 
P- 135; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res.,p.176; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; 
Blanford Mammals, p. 126; Bligh and Nevill Taprobanian, i, p. 58. 

Herpestes thysanurus, Wagner Minch. Gel. Anz., ix., p. 439 (1839); id. 
Schreber Saugeth. Suppl., ii., p. 301. 

Crossarchus rubiginosus, Wagner Schreber Siugeth. Suppl., ii, p. 329 (1841). 

Herpestes ellioti, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xx, p. 162 (4851). 

Herpestes rubiginosus, Kelaavt Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 213 (1852). 

Calictis smithi, Gray P. Z. S., p. 565 (1864). 


HERPESTES. 255 


Herpestes jerdoni, Gray P.Z. S., p. 550 (1864); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p- 148; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 183; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 225. 
Herpestes monticolus, ferdon Mamm., p. 135 (1867). 


The Ruddy Mungoose; Konda yentava, Telegu; Erima-kiri- 
pilai, Tam. ; Deeto, Cingalese. 


Distribution.—Over the whole of India but rare, from Kashmir 
southwards, also Ceylon. 


a. Skin é Bangalore Mus. Coll., Jaffa. 

6. Stuffed and Ceylon E. F, Kelaart, 1852, A.S.B. 
skelet. mtd. 

c. Stuffed é Singhbhoom V. Ball, 1869. 


Herpestes fuscus. 


Herpestes fuscus, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 55 (1838); Blyth Cat. no. 167, 
p. 52; Ferdon Mamm., p. 136; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p.152; Anderson 
Anat. Zool. Res., p. 184, pl. viii, figs. 1, 2; Blanford Mammals, p. 127. 


Distribution.—Travancore and Nilgiri Hills (Jerdon) ; stated by 
Anderson to be found also in Ceylon. 


a. Stuffed Ootacamund, Md, T.C, Jerdon, 1842, A.S.B. 


Herpestes fulvescens. 


Herpestes fulvescens, Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 162 (1851); id. ibid, xxi, p. 
348; id Cat., p. 52; Blanford Mammals, p. 127. 

Herpestes flavidens, Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 184 (1851); Kelaart Prodr, 
Faun. Zeylan., p. 44. 

Cynictis maccarthie, Gray P. Z. S., p. 131, pl. xxxi (:851). 

Onychogale maccarthiz, Gray P. Z. S., p. §70 (1864). 

Herpestes maccarthiz, Anderson Anat, Zool. Res., p. 178 (1878); Nevill and 
Bligh Taprobanian, i, p. 58. 

Herpestes ceylanicus, Nevill Taprobanian, i, p. 62 (1885). 


Ram-mugatea, Cingalese. 
Distribution.—Ceylon. 


uw. Stuffed, skull Ceylon E. F. Kelaart, 1852, A.S.B. 
b-c. 2 Skulls dasa No history, A.S.B. 
ad. Skin, skull Ceylon Colombo Mus,, 1888. 


Herpestes brachyurus, 


Herpestes brachyurus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. 578 (1837); Cantor 
F.A.S. B., xv, p. 243 ; Blyth Cat.no. 170, p. 52; Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., 


p- 154; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 187; Wallace Island Life, p. 351 ; 
Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., Xi, p. 23. 


Distribution. —Malay Peninsula and Borneo, 


a. Stuffed Malay Peninsula C. Huffnagle, 1846, A.S.B. 
6. Skull Malay Peninsula C. Huffnagle, 1846, A.S.B. 
c. Skin aaa Zoological Gardens, 1882, 


256 


Herpestes vitticol 
Zeylan, p. 42; Ferdon Mamm., 
p. 188; Blanford Mammals, p. 12 

Mungos v 

Mangusta vitticollis, 


MAMMALIA. 


Herpestes vitticollis. 


lis, Bennett P. Z. S., p. 67 (1835); Kelaart Prodr. Faun. 
p. 137; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., 
8; Nevill Taprobanian, i, p. 60. 
itticollis, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 103 (1835) ; Blyth Cat., p. 50. 

Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 103 (1839). 


Taeniogale vitticollis, Gray P. Z.S., p. 569 (1864); id, Cat. Carn. Mamm., 


Pp. 


167. 


Loco moogatea, Cingalese. 
Distribution.—Southern India, Malabar Coast (Jerdon), and 
Ceylon (Kelaart). 


a. Skin Travancore 

6. Stuffed, skull Malabar: 

c. Stuffed Ceylon 

d. Skull, juv. ‘iets 
e. Skin Ceylon 


The 


Purchased. 

T. C. Jerdon, 1846, A.S.B. 
E. L. Layard, 1848, A.S.B. 
No history, A S.B. 
Colombo Museum. 


Herpestes urva. 


?Viverra fusca, Gray Il!ustr. Ind. Zool., i, pl. v (1830). 

Gulo urva, Hodgson F. AS. B., v, p. 238 (1836) ; M’Clelland Calc. Fourn. 
N. H., ii, p. 458, pl. xiii. 

Urva cancrivora, Hodgson $. A. S. B., vi, p. 561 (1837); Gray Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll., 1st ed., p.8; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 93; Blyth Cat. no. 158, 
p-. 49; Ferdon Mamm., p. 138; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 630; Blyth 
FA. S. B, xliv, Burma List, p. 26; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 550. 

Mesobema cancrivora, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p..910 (1841). 

Osmetectis fusca, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 2b0 (1842). 

Herpestes urva, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 189, pl. ix, figs. 5, 6 (1878) ; 
Blanford Mammals, p. 129. 


Burmese. 


Distribution.—Himalayas from Nepal (Hodgson) to Assam, 
Arakan, Burma, to North Tenasserim and Svuth China (Swinhoe). 


a. 


Skin Chittagong 
Skin, skelet.@ uaa 
Shiga . 
Skin, skelet. g x 
Stuffed, skull Arakan 
Stuffed, juv. Arakan 

?Skull ma weits 
Skin Assam 


Crab-eating Mungoose ; 


Urva, Nepalese; Mywe-ba, 


E. R. Shopland. 
Zoological Gardens, 1881. 
G. King, 1878. 

Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
Sir A. Phayre, 1843, A.S.B. 
Sir A. Phayre, 1843, A.S.B. 
Zool. Gardens, 1882. 

O.L. Fraser. 


Herpestes caffer, 


Viverra cafra, Gmelin Syst, Nat., i, p. 85 (1788). 

Herpestes griseus, Smuts Enum. Mamm. Capens., p. 19 (1832). 

ae madagascariensis, Smith S. African Quart. Fourn., ii, p. 114 
I 2 

Herpestes bennettii, Gray Charvlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. §78 (1837). 


ae a caffer, Blyth Cat, no, 168, p. 52 (1803); Thomas P. Z. S., 1882, 
p. 66. 


HERPESTES, 257 


Distribution.—Africa, south of the Sahara. 


a, Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, 1859, A.S.B. 
b, Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, 1859, A.S.B. 
ce. Skull, skelet. ¢ sence No history. 

Herpestes galera, 


Mustela galera, Evxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., ps 453 (1777) 

Viverra nems, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 160 (1792)*. 

Mustela afra, Kerr Linn, Anim. Kingd., p. 175 (1792)*. 

Ichneumon gaiera et major, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Descrip. Egypt Hist. Nat., 
ii, p- 139 (1813). . 

Atilax vansire, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. liv (1826). 

Herpestes paludinosus, G. Cuvier Regne Anim,, 2nd ed., i, p. 158 (1829). 

Mangusta urinatrix, A. Smith Zool: Fourn., iv, p. 437 (1829). 

Herpestes pluto, Temminck Esquis. Zool., p. 95 (1853). 

Herpestes loempo, Gray P. Z. S., p. 551 (1864). 

Athylax vansire et paludosus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 557 (1864). 

Athylax robustus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 558 (1864). 

Herpestes paludosus, Blyth Cat. no. 169, p. 52 (1863). 

Herpestes galera, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 72 (1882). 


Distribution.—Africa, south of the Sahara. 
a. Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, 1859, A.S. B. 


Herpestes gracilis. 


Herpestes gracilis, Rippel N. Wirbelth., p. 20, pl. viii, fig. 2 (1835); 
Thomas P. Z.S., 1882, p. 68. 

Herpestes mutgigella, Rippel t.c., p. 29, pl. ix, fig. 1 (1835); Blanford 
Abyssinia, p. 234. 

Cynictis melanurus, Martin P. Z. S., p. §6 (1836). 

aoe ratlamuchi et cawi, A. Smith App. Rep. S. Afr. Exp. p. 42 

1§36)*. 

Ichneumia nigricaudatus, /s Geoff. St. Hil. Mag. de Zool., p. 18 (1839)*. 

Herpestes ochraceus, Gray P. Z.S., p. 138, pl. viii (1848). 

Herpestes badius, A. Smith S. African Zvol., pl. iv. (1849). 

Herpestes galinieri, Guérin Ferret,and Galinter Voy. Abyss. Atlas Zool., 
pl. i (1850)*. 

Herpestes ornatus, Peters Reise nach Mossambique Mammi., p. 117, pl. 
xxvi (1852). 

Herpestes ochromelas, Pucheran Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) vii, p. 393 (1855). 

gene ea al Heuglin Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Caro,, xxix, 

- 23 (1861). 

Harpestes adailensis, Heuglin Peterm. Mitth., p. 17 (1861). 

Calogale granti, Gray P.Z.S, p. 561 (1864). 

Calogale venatica, Gray ¢. ¢., p. 563 (1864). 

Galerella ochracea, Gray t. c., p. 564 (1864). 

Herpestes mutscheltschela, Heuglin Reise N. O. Afrika, ii, p. 43 (1877)*. 


Distribution.— Africa, south of the Sahara. 
a, Skin § Adegrat Tigre, Abyssinia, W. T, Blanford, 1868. 
ooo ft. 


s 


258 MAMMALIA, 


6. Skin g Adegrat Tigre, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, 1868. 
8,000 ft. 
ce. Skin é Senafé Tigre, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, 1868. 
- 7,500 ft. 
d. Skin, skelet. ¢ Senafé Tigre, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, 1868. 
8,000 ft. e aS 


Genus CROSSARCHUS. 


Crossarchus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr, xlvii (1825). 


Crossarchus fasciatus. 


Viverra ichneumon, pt. Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 430, pl. exvi (1778). 
Herpestes mungo, Desmarest Mamm., i, p. 211 (1820). 

Herpestes fasciatus, Desmavest Dict. Sci. Nat., xxix, p. 58 (1823). 
Ichneumon tenionotus, A. Smith S. African Quart. Fourn., ii, 114 (1835)*. 
Mungos fasciatus, Blyth Cat. no. 160, p. 50 (1863). 

Ariela taenionota, Gray P. Z. S., p. 565 (1864). 

Crossarchus fasciatus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 90 (1882). 


Distribution —South-East Africa, Caffraria to Mozambique. 


a. Skin, skelet. 9 Sevan Zoological Gardens, 1883. 
b. Stuffed Somali land Messrs. Burton and Speke, 
1855, A.S B. 


Genus PROTELES. 
Proteles, Zs. Geoff. St. Hil. Mem. Mus, Paris, xi, p. 354 (1824). 


Proteles cristatus. 


Viverra cristata, Sparrman Resa till Goda Hopps Udden, p. 581 (1783). 

Viverra hyaenoides, Desmarest Mamm. Suppl., p. 538 (1822). 

Proteles lalandi, Is. Geoff. St. Hil. Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p. 371 (1824); 
Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 214. 


Proteles cristatus, Blyth Cat. no. 139, p. 44 (1863); Flower P. Z. S., 1869, 
P- 474, pl. xxxvi. 


Distribution.—South Africa, Cape of Good Hope. 
a. Skin, skull South Africa E, L. Layard, 1859, A.S.B. 


Genus HYAENA, 


Hyaena, Zimmermann Spec. Geogr. Quad., p. 365 (1777). 
Crocuta, Gray P. Z.S., p. 525 (1868). Type, H. crocuta. 


Hyaena striata, 


Canis hyaena, Linnaeus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 58 (1766). 

Hyaena striata, Zimmermann Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p 256 (1780) ; Adams 
P. Z.S., 1858, p. 514; Blyth Cat. no. 138, p. 44; Tristram P. Z. S., 
1866, p.91; Ferdon Mamm., p. 118; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 2123. 


HYAENA. 259 


McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 34; Stoliczka F A. S. B., xii, p. 227; 
Atkinson N. W. P. Gaszett., xi, p. 18; Blanford Persia, p. 42; Alston 
P. Z. S., 1877, p. 273, and 1880, p. 53; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 38; 
Sterndale Mamm, Ind., p. 205; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; Blanford 
Mammals, p. 132; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1021, 

Hyaena orientalis, Tiedemann Zool., i, p, 350 (1808). 

Hyaena fasciata, Thunberg Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl. p. 59 (1820). 

_ Hyaena antiquorum, Temminck Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys., iii, p. 51 (1820)*. 

Hyaena vulgaris, Desmarest Mamm., p. 215 (1820); Sykes P. Z. S., 1831, 
p..102; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 103; Walker Calc. Fourn. N. H., 
ili, p. 266; Hutton $. A. S. B., xiv, p. 345. 


The Striped Hyaena; Kirba, Kutkirba, Canarese; Turras, 
Mahrathi; Hondar, Lakrabagha, Jhirak, Bhagiah, Hindustani ;. 
Lankrabagh, Bengali; Renhra, Central India ; Cherrag, Sind. 

Distribution.—North Africa as far as the Senegal. Asia Minor, 
Palestine (Tristram), Euphrates valley, Baluchistan, Persia (Blan- 
ford), and Transcaspia. In India common in dry open country, 
2.e., Sind (Murray), Kutch (Stoliczka) ; Kumaon submountain tracts- 
(Atkinson), Southern India (Sykes and Elliot), and Assam? 
(Walker). Notfound in Ceylon or east of the Bay of Bengal. 


a. Skin, skull ¢ sivas Zoological Gardens, 1876. 
6. Skin Go atv es Purchased, 1879: 
ec, Stuffed iasaes Barrackpore Menagerie,1869.) 
da. Stuffed Benares, N.-W. P. Purchased, 1870. 
e. Stuffed juv, assess : L. C. Mullins, 1867. 
Ff. Stuffed, skull Midnapur, Bengal W. Rutledge, 1874. 
juv. 
g. Skeleton fuse Zoological Gardens, 1878. 
hk, Skeleton 3 seines No history. 
juv. 
gl. 3 Skulls sae A.S.B. 
m. Skall Agra, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 1881 °P.] 
n-o, 2 Skulls Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 1881. 
é. Skull Manbhoom, Bengal R. C. Beavan, 1865,.A.S.B. 
g- Skull Agra, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 1879. 
r. Skin nr. Benares, N.-W. P. No history. 


s-¥, 4 Skulls Banda dist., N..W.P. J. Cockburn, 1881. 


Hyaena crocuta. 


Canis crocuta, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. §78 (1777). 

Hyaena maculata, Zimmermann, Spec. Geogr. Quad., p. 470 (1777). 

Hyaena crocuta, Zimmermann Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p. 256 (1780); Blyth 
Cat., p. 43; Blanford Abyssinta, p. 235. 

Hyaena capensis, Desmarest Mamm., p. 216 (1820). 

Crocuta maculata, Gray P. Z. S., p. 525 (1868); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p- 213. 
Disiribution.—Africa, south of Sahara. 


a. Skin, skull g¢ Abyssinian Highlands W. T. Blanford. 
b. Skull Somali land ee Speke and Burton, 
A.S.B, 


$2 


260 | MAMMALIA. 


Genus CUON, 


Cuon, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., i, p. 152 (1838). Type, C. dukhunensis. 
Chrysaeus, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 167 (1839). Type, C. dukhu- 
nensis. 

The species of the family Canidae have been arranged as far 
as possible according to the system adopted by Prof. Huxley in his 
paper on the Canidae (P. Z. S., 1880, p. 238); beginning with the 
higher Thooids, theWild Dogs and Wolves, then follow the Jackals 
and their allies, Canis procyonides being the lowest true Thooid 
represented ; the Alopecoid Series follows, beginning with the most 
highly developed foxes, Vulpes alopex and Vulpes fulvus and gra- 
dually descending to the microdont V. bengalensis and V. caama. 


Cuon dukhunensis, 


fCanis javanicus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 198 (1820). 

Canis familiaris, var. sumatrensis, Hardwicke Linn, Trans., xiii, p. 235, pl. 
xxiii (1822). 

Canis dukhunensis, Sykes P. Z.S., p. 100 (1831) ; Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 501. 

Canis primevus, Hodgson As. Res., xvili, pt. 2, p. 221, (1833); Walker 
Cale. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 266. 

Cuon primzvus, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N.H., i, p. 152 (1838); id. Cale. 
Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 205; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 10; Cantor 
F. A. S. B., xv, p. 196; Horsfield Cat. E. 1. Mus, p.73; Adams P. Z. S., 
1858, p. 514; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 184; Scully P. Z. S., 1881, 
Pp: 202. 

Canis familiaris var., Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 100 (1839). 

Canis rutilans, Miller Over de Zoogdierenin Tem. Verhandl., p. 17 (1839) ; 
Blyth $. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 24. : 

Chrysaeus primevus, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Lib., ix, p. 170 (1839). 

Chrysaeus scylax, id. ibid, p. 179 (1839). 

Cuon dukhunensis, Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p.73 (1851) ; Gray Cat. Carn. 

. Mamm., p. 186; Blanford Mammals, p. 143. 

Cuon sumatrensis, Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p- 79 (1851) ; Gray Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 184. 

Cuon rutil ans, Blyth Cat., p. 37 (1863); Ferdon Mamm., p. 145; Blanford 
F. A.S. B., xxxvi, P- 191; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 42; Atkinson 
N.-W. P. Gazett., xi, p. 21; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285 ; Sterndale 
Mamm. Ind., p. 239; Spearman Burma Gasett., P- 547; Kinloch Large 
Game Shooting, i, p. 17, with plate. 


The Indian Wild Dog; Kohiya, Dhole, Jungli kutta, Hindustani; 
Kolsa, Mahratti ; Buansu, inthe Himalayas ; Tawkhwe, Burmese ; 
Ram hun, Kashmir; Sona kutta, Central India ; Ban kutta, North 
India; Reza _kutta, Adavi kutta, Telegu; Shennai, Malayalim ; 
Eram naiko, Gond ; Saddaki, Tibetan (Ladak) ; Suhutum Lepcha; 
Paoho, Bhotea ; Konaug, Assamese. : : 

Distribution.—India generally, ie, Gilgit (Scully), West Hima- 
layas (Adams), Central and Southern India (Jerdon), Nepal 
(Hodgson), Assam (Walker), Burma (Spearman), Malay Peninsula 
(Cantor), Sumatra (Hardwicke), Java and Borneo (Temminick). 


CUON. 261 


There are said to be three varieties of Red wild dogs, which have 
been all classed together in the genus Cuon, 7.¢., C. dakhunensis 
(=primevus), C. javanicus (=C. familiaris var. sumatrensis and 
C. rutilans), and finally, C. alpinus. 

Following Scully, C. alpinus has been separated since it has 
a short upper sectorial compared with C. dakhunensis. 

The Malayan form is considered distinct by Mr. Blanford in his 
recent work on Indian Mammals; it is said to be smaller and rather 
darker coloured. The above synonymy, however, refers to the Malay 
as well as the Indian variety. 


a. Skin @ juve eee Zoological Gardens, 

6. Skin @ Chybassa, Bengal A. Grote, Esq., 1856, A. S. B. 
ce. Skin OT Ey eee Zoological Gardens. 

d. Skin, skull g Banda dist., N.-W. P. J. Cockburn [P.] 

e. Skin, skull Buxa, Doars A. A.2A. Kinloch. 

Ff. Skin Sikkim L, Mandelli. 

g. Skin sais No history, A. S. B. 

h. Skin, ssnae Zoological Gardens. 

skelet. g juv. 

j. Skin, skull Sumatra ? W. Rutledge. 

k. Stuffed g ssnies Zoological Gardens. 

1. Stuffed Darjeeling tests: Colvin Ainslie & Co., 

.S.B. 

m. Skeleton Q = = ave A A. S. B. 

n, Skull Nepal B. H. Hodgson, A.S.B. 

o. Skeleton aaa No history. 

p. Skin, skull Chaprot, Gilgit J. Scully. 


Cuon alpinus. 

Canis alpinus, Pallas Zoog. Rosso As., i, p. 34 (1831) ; Blyth Cat., p. 38; 
Van der Hoven Verh. Kon. Akad. Amster., 1856, iti; Schrenck Amurland 
Saugeth., p. 48, pl. ii; Radde Ost Siberien, p. 60; Severtsoff Ann, Mag. 
N. H. (4), xviii, p. 48. 

Cuon alpinus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xvii, p. 293 (1846); Gray Cat. 
Carn, Mamm.,, p. 184. 


Distribution.—Siberia, Turkestan (Severtzoff), Amurland 
(Schrenck) and Thibet (I. M.), in fact the highlands of Central 
Asia. The specimen below may possibly be referred to Cuon 
dukhunensis. 


a Stuffed Thibet Capt. Munro., 1845, A. S. B. 


Genus CANIS. 


Canis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 56 (1766). 

Saccalius, H. Smith, Fard. Nat, Libr., ix, p. 206 (1839). Type, Canis aureus, 
Lupus, 1. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 129 (1839). Type, Canis lupus. 
Oxygous, Hodgson F. A.S. B., x, p. 908 (1841). Type, Canis aureus. 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a, Skull generally exceeds 7} inches in length; head and body 3 
ft. to 3 ft. 6 in.; legs long. 


262 MAMMALIA. 


6. The carnasial tooth exceeds in length the two posterior 
molars, a black stripe down the forelegs. 


C, lupus, p. 262, 


o°. The carnasial is either of the same length or else shorter 
than the two posterior molars, 


¢. Fur smooth, thin and fulvous, little or no under fur. 
C. pallipes, p. 263. 


ce, Fur soft and woolly, colour pale and isabelline, owing to 
the absence of black-tipped hairs on the flanks, 


C. laniger, p. 262. 


a’, Skull generally less than 6 inches in length; head and body 
about 2 feet 6 inches ; legs short. C, aureus, p, 264. 


Canis lupus. 


Canis lupus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 58 (1766): Hutton F. A. 
S. B., xiv, p. 345; Blyth Cat., p. 39; Schrenck Amurland Sdugeth., p.44; 
Middendorg Siberische Reise, ii, pt. ti, p. 70; Severtzoff Ann. Mag. N. H. 
(4), xviii, p. 48; Blanford Persia, p. 37; id. Yarkand Mammals, Pp. 20; 
Scully P. Z. S., 1881, p. 201; id. Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 224; id. 
F. A. S. B., lvi, p. 69; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2),v, p. §73 Blanford Mam- 
mals, p. 135; Radde Zool. ¥. B., iv. p. 1017. 

Lupus vulgaris, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 148 (1839); Gray Cat- 
Carn, Mamm., p. 186, 


Distribution.—The Palearctic region generally, from France to 
Amurland, extending to Persia, Afghanistan, Baluchistan and Gilgit, 
and probably found in Western Sind and the Punjab. 


a. Skin Yarkand ? F. Stoliczka, 1873. 
&. Skin Kashgar bazaar F. Stoliczka, 1873. 
c. Skin Kashgar bazaar F. Stoliczka,-1873. 
ad. Skin Kashgar bazaar F. Stoliczka, 1873. 
e. Skin Afghan-Turkestan C. E. Yate, 1887. 
#, Skull Bushire No history, 

g. Skull Bokhara ? Purchased, 1872, 
A. Skin, skull g Khornor, Gilgit, 21-11-79 J. Scully. 

j. Skin, skull g Gilgit, 17-4-79 J. Scully. 

4, Skin, skull 9 Gilgit, 23-1-79 J. Scully, 

2, Skull juv. Gilgit J. Scully, 


Canis laniger. 


Canis laniger, Hodgson Calc. Fourn. N. H., vii, p. ‘i 
F. A. S, B., xvi, p. 1176; Horsfield Ann. Mag. ae are Gea) : sede 
Blyth Cat. p. 39; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 5; ee oe 


4 Bl 
S.B. 1877, p. 114; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 18. anford P. A, 


CANIS. 263 


Canis ¢hanco, Gray P. Z. S., p. 94 (1863). : 
Lupus chanco, Gray P. Z. S., p. 501 (1868) ; id., Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 187. 
Canis niger, P. L. Selater P. Z. S., p. 654, pl. Ixxviii (1874); Blyth FA. 

S. B., xvi, p. 1176; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, and ed., p. 39. 

Chanko and Chanko nagpo, (black var.) Thibetan. 

Distribution.— Eastern (Hodgson) and Western Thibet (Kinloch) 
including Ladak. 

Mr. Blanford in his recent work on Indian Mammals considers 
Canis laniger to be conspecific with Canis lupus; the differences as 
described are certainly not striking, but probably as marked as the 
differences between many other species; the difference formerly 
pointed out by Blanford, with regard to the sectorial being shorter 
than the two molars, is now said by him to be not constant, 

The skin “h”, which is in a very bad state of preservation, is 
the skin of the black wolf of Thibet (c. 7% Blyth J. A. S. B., xvi, p. 
1176,) which was afterwards described by Mr. Sclater as Canis 
niger, from living specimens in the London Zoological Gardens. 

It is probable that this black form is merely a variety of the 
typical form, similar to that of the European wolf which was des- 
cribed as Canis lycaon by Schreber, 


a. Skin, skull. Nanskar, Thibet J. B. Lee. 
6. Skin Thibet G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. 
ce. Stuffed Thibet G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. 
a-g. 4 Skulls Thibet G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. 
hk, Skin Thibet R. Strachey, 1847, A. S. B 
(black var.). 
j» Skin Phialung, Ladak, S. J. Stone. 


(black var.). 29-6-88, 


Canis pallipes. 


Canis pallipes, Sykes P. Z.S., p» tor (1831); Blyth Cat., p. 39; Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 139; Stolicska F. A. S. B., xii, p. 227 ;McMaster Notes on 
Ferdon, p. 38; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gasett., xi, p. 20; Murray Zool. Sind, 
p- 36; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 232; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; 
Blanford Mammals, p. 137+ 

Canis lupus, apud Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. ror (1839). 


Lupus pallipes, Gray P. Z. S., p. 504 (1868); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 
189. : 


The Indian wolf; Tola, Canarese; Landga, Deccani; Bherya 
nekra, Hundar, Hurar, Hindustani; Bigana, Bundelcund ; Toralu, 
Telegu; Buggyar, Sind. ae 

Distribution.—The Indian wolf is generally distributed over the 
whole of the Indian peninsula south of the Himalayas, more especi- 
ally inthe open country. Is recorded from Sind (Murray), Sambhar 
Lake (Thomas), Cutch (Stoliczka), Central Provinces (Jerdon)‘ 
and South India (Elliot and Sykes). 


a. Skin, skull meaty Zoological Gardens. 
Q juv. 


2604 MAMMALIA, 


6. Skin antlers Purchased, 1870. 

-¢. Skin Pind Dadun Khan, Punj. W. Theobald, 1854, A. S. B. 
d. Skin Chybassa, Bengal S. R. Tickell, 1848, A.S.B. 
e. Skin seaves J. Anderson. 

Sf. Stuffed Q seis Purchased, 1870. 

g. Stuffed rd J. Anderson. 


h. Skin @ juv. Agra dist., N.-W. P. Agra Museum [Ex. 
j. Skin Q juv. Agra dist., N.-W. P. Agra Museum [Ex. 
&. Skin juv. Chaman, Baluchistan J. A. Murray. 


7, Skin, skull, g eveeee Zoological Gardens. 
uve 

m. Skin ¢@ juve esses Zoological Gardens. 

mn. Skull @ Shiurajpur, N.-W.P. |: Cockburn [P.] 

o. Skull juv. Agra dist., N.-W.P. . Cockburn [P.] 

p. Skull @ Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn. 

g- Skin Q juv. Agra dist., N.-W.P. Agra Museum [Ex.] 

vr. Skin @ Purneah, Bengal Zoological Gardens. 

s Skin asa . Purchased, 1870. 

#, Alc, & Motihari dist. Behar L. Cameron, 1882. 

u. Alc. Q Motihari dist., Behar L. Cameron, 1882. 

v. Skeleton @ Bandadist., N.«W.P. J. Cockburn, 1881. 

w, Skull acueee Agra Museum [Ex.] 


Canis lagopus. 


Canis lagopus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 1766). 
ae fuliginosus, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, p. meee ass 
ulpes lagopus, Audubon and Bachman aN. Amer., ii * 
Blyth Cat. no. 129. a near 
Leucocyon lagopus, Gray P. Z, S., p. 521 (1868). 


Distribation.—Arctic regions of both continents, 


a, Skin, skull senses Ww. Rutledge 1874, 

4. Stuffed Arctic regions Christiania University, 1844 

A. S. B. ’ 

e. Skull eesees Royal Acad. Copenhagen, 
; : 1839, A. S.B. 

d,. Skull 4 Arctic regions W. Rutledge. 

e. Skull 9 Lapland Stockholm Mus. [Ex.] 

Canis aureus. 


Canis aureus, Liznaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 1766) ; Sykes 

1831, p. 101; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. Lg Win atte on 
ist ed., p. 11; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 80; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. 
Zeylan., p. 30; Blyth $. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 471; Adams P. Z.S. 1858, 
Pp. 515; Blyth Cat., p. 40 ; Tristram P. Z, S., 1866, p.gt ; ¥erdon Mamm : 
p- 142; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 41; Stolicska F. A. S.B,, xli, 
P. 227; Blanford Persia, p.37; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma list, p. 25: 
eae NW, P., Gaszett., xi, p. 20; Alston P. Z. S.,1877, p. 273 and 
ea P- 53; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 35; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 237; 
omas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, Pp. 37; 
Blauford Mammals, p, 140; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1017. , 


CANIS. 265 


Canis barbarus, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, p. 311 (1800). 

Canis aureus indicus, Hodgson As. Res., xviii, pt. ii, p. 237 (1833). 
Saccalius aureus, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 214 (1839). 
Saccalius barbarus, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, 218 (1839). 
Oxygous indicus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., x, p. 908 (1841), 

Lupus aureus, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 188 (1867). 


The Jackal ; Nari, Canarese ; Kolah, Shighal, Deccani and Mah- 
ratti; Nareeah, Cingalese ; Gidhur, Hindustani ; Sheal, Sial, Shialu, 
Bengali; Srigal, Sanskar, Syar, Nepalese; Nakka, Telegu; Nerka, 
Gond; Amu, Bhotea ; Tholuk, Mekranees ; Mye-khwe, Burmese. 

Distribution.—South-East Europe, North Africa and Egypt, 
Asia Minor (Alston), Persia (Blanford), India, Assam, Burma 
(Blyth and Spearman); in India is found everywhere from the 
Himalayas to Cape Comorin and also in Ceylon; in Burma it 
has been recorded as far south as Moulmein. 


a. Skin @ Agra dist, N.-W. P. Agra Mus. 1870 [Ex.] 
6. Skin @ Agra dist., N.-W. P. Agra Mus, 1870 [Ex.] 
ec. Skin Manbhoom R. C. Beavan, 
@d. Skin, skull aa Babu H. Mullick. 
(white var.) 
2 
e. Skin, skull a . Zoological Gardens, 
(white var.) 
9 
jf Skin, — skull eijeee Barrackpore Menagerie. 
(black var.) 
g. Skin Burma J. Anderson. 
h. Skin, juv. Calcutta No history, A. S. B 
j- Skull & Nepal No history, A. S. B. 
k& Skull wee No history, A. S. B. 
2 Skull y No history, A.S B. 
m. Skull eciars No history, A. S. B. 
n. Skull Sadiya, Assam J. Cockburn [P.] 
‘0. Skull Botanical Gardens, Cal- ]. Anderson, 1873, 
cutta. 
p- Skull Agra, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn [P.] 
g- Skull Banda dist., N..W.P. ‘J. Cockburn. 
vy. Skeleton @ eeaues No history. 
s. Stuffed ‘Calcutta Purchased, 1870. 
(dark var.) 
t. Stuffed 4 Calcutta J. Anderson, 1869. 
u. Stuffed (Pyr- Calcutta W. Stalkart, 1843, A. S. B. 
rhous var.) 
v. Stuffed cates Maharaja of Burdwan, 1859, 
(white var.) A.S.B. 
w. Skeleton : dacsis No history. 
x, Stuffed juv. Calcutta No history, A. S.B. 
y. Skeleton dauires Purchased. 
g. Skin . No history, A.S.B. 
a’, Skin Shiraz, Persia Sir O. B. C. St. John. 
4. Skin,skull@ Bampur, Baluchistan, W. T, Blanford, 1872. 
2,000 ft, 
é*. Skin, skull Ceylon Colombo Museum. 


@. Skin g Nepal J. Scully, 


266 MAMMALIA. 


Canis mesomelas. 


Canis mesomelas, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 370, pl. xev (1778); Blanford 


Abyssinia, p. 237. : 
Vulpes mesomelas, Gray P. Z.S., p. 516 (1868); id. Cat. Carn, Mamm., 


p. 203. 
Distrtbution.—South and East Africa, Abyssinia and the Cape 
of Good Hope. 


a. Skin, skull g die ha Zoological Gardens, 


Canis variegatus, 


Canis variegatus, Cretzschmar Riippell’s Atlas, p. 31, pl. x (1826); Blyth 
Cat., p. 40; Blanford Abyssinia, p. 238. 

Vulpes variegata, Gray P. Z.S.,p. 516 (1868); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p. 203. 
Distribution.-Upper Egypt, Nubia and Abyssinia to Somali 

land. 


a. Skin Q Hulai, Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 
6. Stuffed Somali land Messrs, Burton and Speke, 
1855, A. S. B, 


Canis procyonoides. 


Canis procyonoides, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. i (1833); Schrenck 


Amurland Saugeth., p. 53. di 
Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 62 (1843); Swin- 


hoe, P.Z S., 1870, p. 631. 
Nyctereutes viverrinus, Tem minck & Schlegel Faun. Fap. Mamm., p. 40, 


pl. viii (1850). 
Disiribution.—Eastern Asia from Amurland to Canton, Japan 
(Temminck), but not Formosa. 


a, Skin, skull ¢ sees Zoological Gardens. 


Canis familiaris. 


Canis familiaris Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 56 (1766); Blyth Cat., 
p. 38; Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 193. 


Var.—dingo. 
Canis dingo, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, p. 277 (1800); Gould Mamm. Austr, tii, 
pls. li, lii. 
Canis familiaris var. australasize, Leswarest Mamm., P- 191 (1820). 
Chrysaeus australia, H. Smith Yard. Nat. Libr. ix, p. 188, pl. x (18309). 
Distribution —Cosmopolitan in a domestic state; the dingo is 
confined to Australia, and may perhaps be considered a distinct 
species. 


VULPES. 267 

a. Skin Yunnan J. Anderson. 
6. Skin Kashgar F. Stoliczka. 
c. Skin ¢ Japan Dr. Tonnerre. 
d. Skull India (pariah) G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. 
e. Skull India (pariah) G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. 
f. Skull India A. Masters, 1845, A. S. B. 
g. Skull India (spaniel) A. Masters, 1848, A.S B. 
h. Skull Formosa R. Swinhoe, 1859, A. S. B. 
7. Skull Amoy R. Swinhoe, 1859, A. S. B. 
k. Skull (Bulldog ?) A. S. B. 
t, Skin, skull g Bhutan T. R. Doucett. 
m, Skull (Greyhound) J. Cockburn [P.] 
n, Skull Allahabad, N.-W., P. J. Cockburn [P.] 
o. Skull Dhappa, Calcutta Museum Collector. 
p. Skull Cherra Poonjee, Assam. H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1868. 
q. Skull China (pug) No history. 
’, one and ske- China (pug) F. Day, 1869. 

eton, 


s. Skeleton (Hybrid kangaroo hound No history, 1868. 


and retriever). 


¢, Skin é@ India T. R. Doucett. 

uw. Skull Japan (pug) Dr. Tonnerre. 

v. Alc. Q juv. (Yorkshire terrier) W. Rogerson. 
Var.—dingo. 

a, Skin peaeen Zoological Gardens. 

6, Stuffed Australia A. Grote, 1864, A. S. B. 

ce. Skull South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 

ad, Skull Australia C. Hollings, 1856, A. S. B. 


Genus VULPES. 


Vulpes, Brisson Regnum animale (1758)*. Type, V. alopex 
Cynalopex, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr, ix, p. 222 (1839). 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a. Of large size, fur soft and thick, ears black, 


carnasial teeth, brush white-tipped. nea 


6, Large, tarsus about 6 inches ; skull about 


a: ‘ 
carnasial teeth long. 5a inches in length, 
V. alopex var. montanus, p. 268. 


6 . Smaller, tarsus 4 to 5 inches skull about 47 i es i length 
: 2 4 inch 

carnasial teeth short . . leucopus P. 2 a 

+P 7 . 


a®, Of small size, skull about 32 inches, brush black-ti 
grey outside. : v. cana ne 


268 MAMMALIA, 


a?. Small, fur rather harsh, ears not black, skull small with small 
carnasial teeth. 


c. Brush black-tipped, body concolorous. 
V. bengalensis, p. 271. 


2. Brush white-tipped, back reddish, sides grizzled iron gray. 
V. ferrilatus, p. 272. 


Vulpes alopex. 


Var, A.—typicus. 


Canis vulpes Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed.,i, p. 59 (1766). 

Canis alopex, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 59 (1766). ; 
Vulpes melanogaster, Pr. Bon 1parte Iconog. Faun. Ital. no. 1, pl. i (1832). 
Vulpes vulgaris, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 59 (1842) ; Blyth Cat., p. 42. 
Vulpes alopex, Blanford P. Z. S., ps 635 (1887); id. Mammals, p. 153. 


Var. B.—fulvus. 


Canis fulvus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 203 (1820). 
Vulpes fulvus, Dekay New York Zool., p. 44, pl. vii, fig. 1 (1842). 


Var. C.—montanus. 


Canis (Vulpes) montana. Pearson F. A. S. B., v, p. 213 (1836). 

Vulpes himalaicus, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 103 (1836). 

Vulpes nipalensis, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H., i, p. 578 (1837). 

Vulpes montanus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 589 (1842); Gray Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll., st ed., p. 12; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 87; Blyth F. A. S. B., 
xxiii, p. 730; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 516; Blyth Cat., p. 42; $Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 152; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285; Blanford F. A. S. B., 
xlvi, p. 323; id. ibid., xlviii, p. 95; Scully P. Z S., 1881, p. 202; id. 
‘Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viii. p. 225; id. ¥. A. S. B., lvi, p 60. : 

Vulpes flavescens, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xi, p. 118 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll., 1st ed., p. 11; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 86; Adams P. Z.S., 
aa p. 516; Blyth Cat., p. 42; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 22, 
pl. ii. 

Vulpes alopex, Blanford P. Z. S., p. 635 (1887); id. Mammals, p. 153. 


The Mountain Fox; Loh of Kashmir; Wamu of Nepal. 
Distribution.—The typical variety is found throughout the 
Palearctic region from England to Siberia; var. fulvus is found 
throughout the Nearctic region in the States and Canada; and 
une aaa te is Seg ee over the Himalayas from Sikkim to 
ashmir, Eastern Turkestan (Blanford), Candah 
Upper Burma (Anderson)? ‘ » ana Seenlly)s 
The skulls of Indian foxes present little or no points of differ- 
ence except in actual size, and in the proportions of the teeth 
thus in a series formed by V. bengalensis and passing up through 
V. leucopus and V. griffithii to V. montanus there can be traced 


VULPES. 


269 


(1) a gradual increase in size of the upper and lower sectorial, 
(2) a decrease in length and increase in breadth of =; this is 


well shown in the following table of measurements of 4 typical 
skulls of the four species, the total length of the skull being re- 
duced in each case to 1,000 after Huxley’s method :— 


Total p.m. 4 pos oe Length Length of 
length, length. . a mt. inches. 
V.montanus .| 1,000 110 70 96 128 5'50 
V. griffithii 1,000 100 76 92 116 495 
V. leucopus 1,000 96 75 88 117 4°70 
V. bengalensis .| 1,000 86 q7 86 106 410 
Var. A.—typicus. 
a, Stuffed England A. D. Bartlett, 1843, A.S. B. 
6. Skeleton aehee's J. H. Gurney, 1860, A. S. B. 
¢-e. 3 Skulls England A. D. Bartlett, A. S. B. 


a. Skin 
6. Skin 
ce. Skull 


a. Skin 
6. Skin 
c Skin 
. Skin 
. Skin 
Skin 
. Skin, skull 
Skin, skull 
. Skin, skull 
. Skin, skull 
Skin, skull 
Skin 

Skin 

Skin 

. Skin, skull 
. Skin, skull 
Skin 

Skin 

. Skin, skull 
. § Skins 

. Skin, skull 


bw 1 
at ha ROBOT FS RES PR & 


juv. 


Var. B—fulvus. 


Lucknow Ont., Canada 
Lucknow Ont., Canada 
Upton Maine, U.S. A. 


J. H. Garnier. 
J. H. Garnier. 


J. G. Rich, A. S. B. 


Var, C.—montanus, 


Kashgar bazaar 
Yarkand bazaar 
Kashgar bazaar 
Kashgar bazaar 
Kashgar bazaar 
Kashgar bazaar 
Kashgar bazaar 
Gilgit 

Gilgit 

Moralbashi 
Chenab poel, Ramban 
Afghan Turkestan 
Afghan Turkestan 
Turkestan 

Gilgit, 5,000 ft. 
Gilgit, 5,000 ft. 
Leh 


Leh 


Yarkand 


F. Stoliczka, 1873. 
1873. 
1873. 
1873. 
F. Stoliczka, 1873. 
1873. 
F Stoliczka, 1873. 


F. Stoliczka, 
F. Stoliczka, 
F. Stoliczka, 


F. Stoliczka, 


J. Biddulph. 
. Biddulph. 


J 
J. Biddulph, 1874. 
J 


. Biddulph. 
C. E. Yate. 
C. E. Yate. 
C. Ellis. 
G. M. Giles. 
G, M. Giles. 
No history. 
No history. 
Purchased, 1871, 
Purchased, 1871, 
J. Biddulph. 


270 MAMMALIA. 


a, Skin Hunza, 8,000 ft. J. Biddulph. 

8, Stuffed Thibet re Lushington, 1847, 
.5.B. 

c, Stuffed Thibet G. T. Lushington, 1847, 


A. S. B. 
@. Stuffed, skull North-West Himalayas J. T. Pearson, 1835, A.S.B. 


(Type of Canis (Vulpes) montana, Pearson.] 


&. Stuffed dgnaté Purchased, 1871. 
f*. Skull signe A.S.B. 
g?, Skull é sities No history, A. S. B. 
Rh Skull tae Purchased, 1872. 
jp. Skull steers Purchased, 1872. 
B, Skin, skull Mormien, Yunnan, J. Anderson, 1868. 
juv. 4,500 ft. 
B Skull net aes No history. 
m, Skin, skull Gilgit dist., 25-12-79 J. Scully. 
é . 
vn}, Skin, skull Gilgit dist., 4-3-80 J. Scully. 
3 
o%. Skin, skull Gilgit dist., 1-8-79. J. Scully. 
3 
p2. Skin, skull Gilgit dist., 8-12-79 J. Scully. 
g 
g. Skin, skull Gilgit dist., 7-4-79 J. Scully. 
g 
7, Skin Gilgit dist., 1g-11-78 J. Scally. 
s?, Skin Shaiot, Gilgit, 1-80 J. Scully. 
2, Skin Chaprot, Gilgit, 1-80 J. Scully. 


w. Skin, skull Chitral (J. Biddulph), J. Scully. 
. & 5,000 ft., 7-11-78. 
v?. Skin, skull Bunji, Indus valley, J. Scully. 


: 4,000 ft., 1-79. 
w2 Skin juv. Sinjah, Punjab, 29-5-79. J. Scully. 
22, Skin, skull Gilgit, 4-4-80 ]. Scully. 
é 


Vulpes leucopus. 


i a eee at ee auales 
a 1 AG Per emi te ee 
i868: $61 Blanford Morimaly piste cat nos a 
BOE ite meee he nee 
aes Sera ri . Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 310 (1875); id. 


Distribution.—The dry parts of North-West India, z.e., the P 
jab, Rajputana, Sind and Cutch, extending through iy heed 
and Baluchistan to Persia; Blanford also records it from Arabia. 

This species, from which V. pusillus, V. griffithii and V. persicus 
cannot be separated, is closely allied to the foregoing V. mon- 


VULPES. 271 


tanus from which it differs solely in respect of size; it seems to 
occur rather in the lower ranges of the hills and also quite down 
on the plains in the north and north-west of India. 


a. Skin Punjab Salt Range W. Theobald, 1853, A.S.B. 
6. Skin 4 nr. Sehwan, Sind W. T. Blanford, 1875. 
e. Skin @ = Khairpur, Sind W. T. Blanford, 1875. 
@, Skin @ or. Rohri, Sind W. T. Blanford, 1875. 
e. Skin g eats Zoological Gardens. 
J. Skin veriws Purchased, 1871. 
g. Skin @. Agra dist., N.-W. P. Agra Mus. (Ex.], 1870. 
h. Skin Q  Agradist.,N.W. P. Agra Mus, [Ex.], 1870. 
jg. Skin seis Purchased, 1871. 
& Skin juv. Bushire ? Karachi Mus. 
i, Stuffed, skull Punjab Salt Range W. Theobald, 1853, A.S:B. 
[Type of V. pusillus, Blyth.] 
m, Stuffed North-West India A.S.B. 
[Type of V. leucopus, Blyth.] 
m2. Stuffed North-West India D. Scott, 1857, A.S.B. 
o. Skull North-West India ? AS.B. 
p. Skeleton nr. Rohri, Sind W. T. Blanford. 
q-7. 2Skinsand # Quetta Sir O. B. St. John, 1888, 
skulls. 
s-t, 2SkinsandQ Quetta Sir O. B. St. John, 1888, 
skulls. 
us Skin Afghanistan T. Hutton, A.S.B. 
v. Skin, skull Ispahan ‘Sir O. B. St. John. 
{Type of V. persicus, Blanford.] 
wm, Stuffed, skull Afghanistan T. Hutton, A.S.B. 
(Type of V. griffithii, Blyth.) 
x. Skin Afghanistan ? W. Griffith. 
ye Stuffed Candahar T. Hutton, 1844, A.S.B. 


5 


Vulpes bengalensis. 


Canis bengalensis, Shaw Genl, Zool., i, p. 330 (1800) ; Elliot Madr. Fourn., 
x, p. 102; Walker Calc. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 266. 

Canis kokree, Sykes P. Z. S., p. 101 (1831); Gray Illustr. Ind, Zool., ii, pl. ii. 

Vulpes rufescens, Gray Jilustr. Ind Zool., ii, pl. iii (1833). 

Canis (Vulpes) indicus, Hodgson As. Res., xviii, pt. ii, p. 237 (1833). 

Canis chrysurus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. 577 (1837). 

Cynalopex insectivorus, H. Smith F¥ard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 229 (1839). 

Vulpes bengalensis, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed, p. 11 (1846); Horsfield 
Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 84; Adams P. Z, S., 1858, p. 515; Gray Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 204; Ferdon Mamm., p. 149; McMaster Notes on F$erdon, 
Pp: 45; Stoliczka F. A. S.B., xli, p. 228; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gazett., xi, 
p. 22; Murray Zool, Sind, p. 36; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 243; Thomas 
P.Z.S., 1886, p. 56; Blanford Mammals, p. 148. 

Cynalopex bengalensis, Blyth Cat. no, 126, p. 41 (1863). 


272 MAMMALIA, 

The Indian Fox; Lomri, Hind.; Lomer in Nepal ; Lokerie in 
Central India ; Khek-siyal, Bengali ; Khekar in Behar; Kokree, 
Mahratti; Konk, ‘Kempnari or Chandak nari, Canarese ; Konka 
nakka or Gunta nakka, Telegu. 

Distribution —Found throughout India in the open country 
from the Himalayas to Cape Comorin. Not found west of Sind, rare 


in Assam ; not known from Burma or Ceylon. 


a, Skin Q vas nae Mus. [Ex.], 1870. 
6 Skin nr. Calcutta’ A.S.B 
c. Skin Q Base of Sehwan hills, W. T. “Blanford, 1877. 
Sind. 
ad, Skin Agra dist. Agra Mus. [Ex.],1870. 
e. Skin ec dae ee Purchased, 1869. 
Ff Skin Manbhoom, Beng. R. C. Beavan, 1869. 
g. Skin 9 nr. Rohri, Sind W. T. Blanford. 
kh. Skin Sehwan, Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 
j- Skin juve Bs aaeane S. F. Holquette. 
& Skin juve S| eeaees S. F. Holquette. 
1, Skin juv. g Agra dist. Agra Mus. [Ex.], 1870. 
m. Skin juv. Agra Dist. Agra Mus. [Ex.], 1870. 
n, Stuffed, skull Calcutta dist. A.S.B. 
o. Stuffed, skull saa A.S.B. 
pe Skeleton Sases A.S.B. 
gq. Skull ere A.S.B. 
7. Stuffed juv. Calcutta A.S.B. 
s. Skin, skull 9 Agra dist., N.-W.P. A.C. L. Carlyle, 1870. 
t. Skin, skull Deoli, Rajputana J. Biddulph, 1887. 
u. Skin,skull Deoli, Rajputana J. Biddulph, 1887, 
2. Skull Banda dist., N..W. P. J. Cockburn, 
w. Skin @ Residency Katmundu, J. Scully. 
14-11-77. 
x. Skin @ Ranijangal, Nepal val- J. Scully. 


ley, 28-2-78. 


y-s. 2 Skins g 9 Shahpur, Punjab, 10-88 G. Henderson. 


Vulpes ferrilatus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xi, p. 278, with plate (1842); Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 12; Gray Cat. 


Vulpes ferrilatus. 


Carn. Mamm,, p. 204; Stolicska 


F. A. S. B., xxvii, p. 5; Blanford Mammals, p. 155. 
Cynalopex ferrilatus, Blyth Cat. no. 127, p. 41 (1863). 


Distribution.—Thibet near Llassa ; has been recorded by Stoli- 


czka from the Upper Sutlej valley. 


a. Skin juv. Thibet? A. Campbell, 1853, A.S.B. 
& Skin = ase No history, A.S.B. 
ce. Stuffed Thibet ? A. Campbell, 1853, A.S.B. 


Vulpes cana. 


Vulpes canus, Blanford $. A.S.B., xlvi, p. 321 (1877); P.L. Sclater P. z. S. 
1878, p. 392; Blanford Mammals, p. 150, 


MUSTELA. 274 


Distribution.—Baluchistan and Southern Afghanistan, possibly 
extending to Sind. 


[No specimen in the Museum.] 


Vulpes caama. 


Canis caama, A. Smith S. African Quart. Fourn. (1833)*. 
Megalotis caama, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 236 (1839); Blyth Cat. 
no. 128, £. 41. 


Vulpes caama, Gerrard Cat. Bones B. M., p. 87 (1862). 
Fennecus caama, Gray P. Z. S., p, 520 (1868); id, Cat, Carn. Mamm., 
Pp. 207. 


Distribution.— South Africa. 
«. Stuffed South Africa E.L. Layard, 1859, A. S. B. 


Vulpes virginiana. 


Canis virginianue, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 74 (1788). 

Canis cinereo-argentatus, Schreber Sdugeth., iii, p. 369 r'. xi ( 778). 

re virgineana, Dekay New York Zool., p. 45 (1 42); ilytn Cut no. 
139, p. 43. 

Urocyon virgineanus, Gray P. Z, S., 1868, p. 522; id. Cat, Carn. Mamm., 
Pp. 209. 
Distribution.—North America, from New England to Costa Rica. 


a. Stuffed. North America. E. Rippel, 1885, A.S.B, 


Genus MUSTELA. 


Mustela, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 66 (1766). 
Martes, Nilsson Skand, Faun,, ist ed.,i, p. 41 (1820)*. 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a.Blackish brown, with very thick under fur; throat white ; tail 
without hair, one half the length of the head and body. 


M. foina, p. 275. 

a’, Yellowish ; head, neck, rump and legs black; tail without 
hair, three-fourths the length of the head and body. 

M. flavigula, p. 273, 


Mustela flavigula. 


Mustela flavigula, Boddaert Elench, Anim., i, p 88 (1785)* ; Cantor F. A. 
S. B., xv., p. 194; Thomas P. 2. S., 1886, p. 67 ; Blanford Mammals, p. 158. 

Viverra quadricolor, Shaw Genl. Zool.,i, p. 429 (1800). 

Mustela leucotis, Grifith An. King., ii, p. 297 (1827). 

Mustela hardwickii, Horsfield Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 238, pl. viii (1828) ; Miller 
Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 30. 


T 


274 MAMMALIA. 

Martes favigula, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., vi, p. 860 (1837) ; Gray Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll., isted., p.12; Horsfield Cat, E. I. Mus., p. 98; Blyth 7. A. S.B., 
xxvi, p. 316 ; Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 516; Blyth Cat., p 67; id. P.2.S., 
1864, p. 485 ; ferdon Mamm., p. 82; Radde Ost Siberien;1, p. 19; Gray 
Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 86; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 623; Blanford 
F. A.S.B,, Xlvii, pe 150; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 29. 

Galidictis chrysogaster, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., xiii, p. 167, pl. vii (1842). 

Martes gwatkinsii, Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p.99 (1851) ; Blyth F. A. S. 
B., xxvi, p. 316. 


The Indian Marten ; Mul sumpra, Nepal; Tutural or Chitrala, 
in Kumaon ; Huniah, Bhotea ; Sekku, Lepcha ; Surmar, Khasia 
hills ; Takere Mahee in Assam. 

Distribution.—The Himalayas from Kashmir (Adams), to Assam, 
Southern India on the Nilgiris and Travancore hills ; the hills of 
Burma, Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula and the islands of 
Java? and Sumatra, it has also been procured from Amurland 
by Radde and from Formosa by Swinhoe, and is therefore probably 
found throughout China, 

The Malayan race is very much paler than the common Indian 
race; the head being very little darker than the back ; in the 
Indian race the head is very dark and contrasts strongly with the 
back and throat ; the skulls present no points of difference. 


a. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
6, Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
c. Skin juv. Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
d. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
e. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
J. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
g. Skin Samagooting, Assam J. Butler, 1872, 
A. Skin Samagooting, Assam J Butler, 1872. 
j- Skin Assam F. Day [P.] 
&. Skin Sibsagar, Assam S. E. Peal. 
2. Skin Naga hills, Assam H, W. Chennell. 
m. Skin Kashmir J. E. T. Aitchison. 
na. Skin Salt Range, Punj. Capt. Bengaugh, 1867. 
o. Skin : Mussoorie, N.-W. P. L.C. Stewart, A.S.B. 
p. Skin, skull Malacca R. W. G. Frith, A.S.B. 
g- Skin Malacca R. W. G. Frith, A.S.B. 
7. Stuffed Himalayas F. Stoliczka, 1869. 
s. Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1844, A.S.B. 
#, Skull 2 Assam No history, A.S.B. 
u. Skull 2 West Himalayas No history, A.S.B. 
2. Skull OO  vesinesi A.S.B. 
a. Skull eT W. Rutledge. 
x. Skin 3 = Nepal, 26-7-79 J. Scully. 
y. Skin Nimbotar, Nepal, J. Scully. 
: 16-12-77. 
s-a*, 2 Skins Simla E.C. Cotes, 1888. 


Mustela martes 


Muste'a martes, Linnaeus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 67 (1766); Severtsoff 
Ann. Mag. N.H. (4), xviii, p. 45; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p. 36. 


MUSTELA. 275 


Marte sylvatica, Nilsson Skand. Faun., i, p. 41 (1820)*; Alston P, Z. Sy 

* 1879, p. 468. ou 

Martes vulgaris, Grifith An. Kingd., v, p. 123 (1827). 

Martes abietum, Fleming Brit, Anim., p. 14 (1828)* ; Blyth Cat. no. 193, 
p- 66; Gray Cat. Carn. Mammals, p. 81. 


The Pine Marten. 
Distribution.—England and Northern Europe, Northern Asia, 


7e., Turkestan (Severtzoff), and Amurland (Schrenck). 


a, Skin senees British Mus, [Ex.] 

&. Stuffed, skull Norway Christiania University, 1846, 
A.S.B. 

W. Rutledge. 


c. Skin, skelet. 


Mustela foina. 


Mustela foina, Evxleben Syst. Regn. Anim, p. 458 (1777); Severtzoff Ann, 

he N. H. (4), xviii, p. 45 5 Blanford Mammals, p. 160; Radde Zool. ¥. 
4 1V, p. 1022, 

Martes Pina, Nilsson Shand. Faun., i, p. 38 (1820)* ; Alston P. Z, S., 1877 
p. 274, 1879, p. 469, and 1880, p. 53; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 86 
Scully P, Z. S., 1881, p. 202; id. Ann. Mag. N. H.(s3), viii, p. 06. 

Martes toufaeus, apud Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 353 (1847) [ pt.J; Blyth 


Cat. no. 104, p. 66. 
Martes abietum, apud Horsfield Cat. E, I, Mus., p. 101 (1851); Adams 


P. Z. S., 1858, p. 517- ; 
Martes leucolachnaea, Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 26 (1879). 
? Mustela intermedia, Severtaog Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 45. 


The Beach Marten. 

Distribution.—Northern Europe (except England), Asia Minor 
(Alston), Turkestan (Severtzoff), Eastern Turkestan (Blanford), 
and Afghanistan. In the Himalayas from Gilgit eastwards as 
far as Sikkim or the country to the north of Sikkim. j 


a. Stuffed Germany W. T. Blanford, 1879. 
6. Skeleton Germany W. T. Blanford, 1879. 
¢, Skin, skull Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. 


a. Skin, skull Gilgit, 5,000 ft. G. M. Giles. 
e. Skin Leh, Kashmir No history. 
Ff. Skin ay r H. H. Godwin-Austen. 
g. Skin Yarkand J. Scully. 

hem. § Skins. Kabul ? Purchased, 1872. 
n. Stuffed, skull Kabul? Purchased, 1872. 
o. Stuffed Thibet: G, T. Lushington, A.S.B. 
p Stuffed Thibet G. T. Lushington, A.S.B. 
g. Stuffed Thibet G,. T. Lushington, A.S.B. 
vy. Skull Thibet G. T. Lushington, A.S.B. 
s. Skull Afghanistan ? Sir A. Burnes, A.S.B. 
t, Skin, skull ¢ Gilgit, 5,000 ft., 8-10-80 J. Scully, 
uw. Skin, skull Gilgit, 5,000 ft., 24-10-79 J. Scully. 
v. Skin Gilgit, 5,000 ft., 5-79 J. Scully, 
w@. Skin Nagar, Gilgit, 2-79 J. Scully. 


(Type of M. leucolachnaea, Blanford.] 


T3 


276 MAMMALIA. 


Mustela zibellina. . 


Mustela zibellina, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12thed., i, p. 68 (1766); Radde Ost 
Siberien, i, p. 29; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p. 27. 

Martes? toufceus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xi, p. 281 (1842). 

Martes zibellina. Gray P. Z.S., p. 105 (1865); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 83 ; 
Blyth Cat. no. 195, p. 66. 


Distribution.—Northern Europe, Northern Asia, Saghalien Isle 
(Radde) Amurland, (Schrenck) and Thibet (I.M.) 


a. Stuffed Thibet Purchased, 1855, A.S.B. 


Mustela pennanti. 


Mustela pennanti, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 470 (1777); Coues Fur- 
bearing Animals of North America, p. 62. 

Mustela canadensis, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 492, pl. cxxxiv (1778). 

Mustela melanorhyncha, Boddaert Elench. Anim., p. 188 (1784)*. 

Viverra piscator, Shaw Gen. Zool., i, p. 414 (1800). 

Mustela nigra, Turton Syst. Nat., i, p. 60 (1806)*. 

Mustela piscatoria, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 150 (1827). 

Mustela godmani, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 217 (1829). 

tie pennantii, Gray P.Z.S., p. 107 (1865); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p. 85. 


The Pekan. 
Distribution.—North America between 35° and 65°N. lat. in 
wooded parts of the country. 


a. Skull Umbagog Lake, Maine, W. Theobald [P.], 1868. 
U.S.A. (A. F. Verril, 
Col.) 


Mustela americana. 


Mustela martes, apud Forster Phil. Trans., \xii, p. 372 (1772). 

Mustela americana, Turton Syst. Nat.,i, p. 60 (1806)*; Coues Fur-bearing 
Animals of North America, p. 81. 

Mustela leucopus, Kuhl Beitr., p. 74 (1820). 

Mustela vulpina, Rafinesque Am, F. Sc., i, p. 82 (1819)*. 

Mustela huro, Schinz Syn. Mamm., i, p. 337 (1844). 

Martes americana, Gray P. Z. S., p. 106 (1865). 

Mustela martinus, Ames Bull, Minn. Acad., p. 69 (1874). 


Distribution.—Northern parts of North America as far south as 
California in the west and Pennsylvania in the East. 


a. Skull Upton, Maine, U.S.A. W. Theobald, 1868. 
(J. G. Rich.) ' 


Genus PUTORIUS. 


Putorius, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., 1st ed., i, p. 147 (1817). 
Foetorius, Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., p. 21 (1849). 
Vison, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 64 (1843). Type, P. lutreola, 
Gymnopus, Gray P, Z, S., p. 118 (1865). 


PUTORIUS, 277 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a Limbs and lower surface darker than the upper parts; skull 
large and thick; the bulla connected with the hamilar process 
of the pterygoids by a narrow bridge of bone. 

5, Back fulvous, longer hairs black-tipped. 
P. larvatus, p. 278. 
6?, Back dark-spotted and blotched with yellow. 
P. sarmaticus, p. 278. 
a*, Limbs and lower surface not darker than the back. 
¢. Tip of tail dusky or black. 
d. In winter pure white; in summer dark brown above; 
yellowish white below; bulla not very flat, rounded in 
front. P. erminea, p. 278. 
d?, Lower parts brown, P, subhemachalanus, p. 280. 
c?, Tip of tail not darker. 
e. A pale yellow median dorsal stripe present ; the yellow of 
the ventral surface not extending further than the breast, 
P. strigidorsus, p. 282. 
e*, No dorsal stripe. 


J. Nose white, above chestnut. P. canigula, p. 280.. 
J. Nose the same colour as the forehead. 


g. Back dark brown; below bright yellow; bulla pointed 
in front. P. kathiah, p. 281. 


g*. Back very light brown, below a little paler. 
P. alpinus, p. 281. 


Putorius foetidus. 


Mustela putorius, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 67 (1766); Blyth 
Cat. no. 197, p. 67. 

Mustela furo, id. ibid, p. 68 (1766) [ dom. var]. 

Putorius vulgaris, Griffith Anim. King., v, p.120 (1827). 

Putorius fcetidus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 64 (1843); Gray Cat. Carn, 
Mamm., p.87; Coues Fur-bearing Animals of North America, p, 154. 

Feetorius putorius, Blasius Séugeth. Deutschl., p. 222 (1857). 


The Pole Cat. 
Distribution.—Middle and Northern Europe, Asia, Northern and 
Central regions? 


a. Skin, skull ¢ ene Purchased. 
b. Skin, skull @ F: aaeeee Purchased. 
ec. Stuffed Scotland Sir W. Jardine, 1852, A.S.B. 
da. Stuffed - Sir W. Jardine, 1852, A.S.B. 
e, Skeleton England J. H. Gurney, 1860, A.S.B. 


278 MAMMALIA. 


Var.—furio (=domesticated ferret). 


a. Skin, skelet. ¢ aaabay W. Rutledge. 
6. Skin 3 saaeis W. Rutledge. 
c. Skin, skelet. g aasives W. Rutledge. 
@. Skin, skull 9 seat W. Rutledge. 
e. Skin, skelet. wees W. Rutledge. 
J. Stuffed, skull Europe Maharaja of Burdwan, 1858, 
A.S.B. 
Be Ale, } } — ieeuce O. L, Fraser. 


Putorius larvatus. 


Putorius larvatus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xviii, p. 447, pl. xi (1849) ; Blanford 
Mammals, p. 163. 
Putorius tibetanus, Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p. 105 (1851). 


The Thibetan Pole Cat. 

Distribution—Thibet ; the type was procured in the Utsany 
district north of Sikkim, another specimen in the Biitish Museum 
was obtained from Ladak by General Strachey. 


(No specimens in the Indian Museum.] 


Putorius sarmaticus. 


Mustela sarmatica, Pallas Itin., i, p. 453 (1771)*; Hutton ¥. A. S. B., xiv, 
p- 346; Blyth Cat. no. 198, p. 68; Alston P. Z.S., 1880, p. 53; Scully 
Ann, Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 227. : 

Mustela peregusna, Guldenstadt N. Comm. Petrop., xiv, p. 441 (1770). 

Foetorius sarmaticus, Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., p. 68 
(1840) ; Blasius Saugeth. Deutschl., p, 226, : 

Putorius sarmaticus, Grifith An. Kingd.,v,p. 121 (1827); Coues Fur-bearing 
Animals of North America, p.157; Blanford Mammals, p. 164; Thomas 
Linn. Trans. (2), ¥, p. 58; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1023+ 


Distribution.—Eastern Europe, Poland and Russia, Western Asia 
from Asia Minor (Alston) to Kandahar (Hutton and Scully); also 
throughout the Transcaspian region. 


-f. 6 Skins Afghanistan Purchased, 1872. 
— Stuffed e in T. Hutton, 1845, A.S.B. 
kh. Skall “s Sir A. Burnes, 1841, A.S.B. 


Putorius erminea. 


Mustela erminea, Linnaus Syst. Nat. 12th ed., i, p. 68 (1766); Hodgson 
¥. A. S. B., vi, p. 564; id. ibid, x, p. 909; id. ibid, xi, p. 280; Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., tsted., p. 13; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 5173; Blyth Cat., no. 
201, p. 68; Radde Ost Sibiriens, p. 52; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., 
p- 40; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 88; Severtsof Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), 
xviii, p- 45; Brauns Fena Zeit. Zool., xvii, p. 454; Blanford Yarkand 
Mamm., p. 32. 

Putorius erminea, Grifith An. Kingd.,v, p. 122 (1827); Coues Fur-bearing 
Animals of North America, p. 109; Blanford Mammals, p. 165. 


PUTORIUS, 259 


Mustela cicognani, Bonaparte Charlesw. Mag. N. H., ii, p. 37 (1838). 

Mustela richardsoni, Bonaparte, id. ibid ., p. 38 (1838). 

Foetorius erminea, Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., p. 69 (1840); 
Blasius Sdugeth. Deutschl., p. 228. 

Putorius noveboracensis, Dekay New York Zool., p. 36, pl. xii (1842). 

Mustela fusca, Audubon and Bachman Fourn. Acad. N, Sei. Philad.,, viii, pt. 
2, p. 288 (1842). ss 

Putorius agilis, Audubon and Bachman Quad. N. Amer,, iii, p. 184 (1853)*. 

Putorius kanei, Baird North Amer. Mamm., p. 172 (1857)*. 


The Ermine or Stoat. 

Distribution.—Northern Palearctic region and America as far 
as the southern border of the States ; it extends to the Himalayas 
whence it was got by Dr. Henderson (see below) and is aiso 
recorded from Afghanistan by Griffith. 


a, Skin (winter Hudson’s Bay, 1883 J. H. Garnier, [ Ex.] 


dress). 
’. Skin(summer Hyde Park, Ont.,D.C. J. H. Garnier [ Ex.] 
dress). 
c. Skin : Europe No history, A.S.B. 
d. Skin E urope A.S.B. 
e. Skin Europe AS.B. 
JF. Skin d Hungary Hungariar Mus,, A.S.B. 
g. Stuffed Europe AS.B. 
A. Stuffed Europe A.S.B. 
j. Stuffed Dras, Kashmir G. Henderson. + 
A. Skull iange AS.B. 
2, Skull Seis A.S.B. 
m. Skull Upton, Maine, U.S.A. . Theobald, 1868, 


Putorius vulgaris. 


Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i., p. 69 (1766); Radde Ost 
_ Siberiens, p. 53; Schrenck Amurland, i, p. 40 ; Brauns Fena Zeit. Zool,,xvii, 


P- 452. 

Mustela vulgaris, Zrxleben Syst. Reg. An., p. 471 (1777); Blyth Cat. no, 
204, p. 69. 

Putorius vulgaris, Grigith Animal Kingdom, v, p. 121 (1827); Coues Fur- 
bearing Animals of North America, p. 102. 

Mustela gale, Pallas Zoog. Rosso As., i, p. 94 (1834). 

Foetorius vulgaris, Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth, Europ., p. 69 (1840); 
Blasius Stiugeth. Deutschl., p. 231. 

Mustela pusilla, Dekay New York Zool., p. 34 (1842); Blyth Cat. no. 205, 
p. 69. 

Putorius pusillus, Audubon and: Bachman Quad. N. Amer., ii, p. 100 
(1851)*. 
The Weasel. 
Distribution —North Europe and America (Northern States and 

Canada), Asia, Siberia, Amurland, and Yezzo. 


a. Skin Hungary Hungarian Museum, 1863» 
A.S.B. 
6-d, 3 skins England A.S.B. 


+ See Henderson Lahore to Yarkand, p, 42, 


280 MAMMALIA. 


e. Stuffed Europe A.S.B. 

f. Stuffed England A. D. Bartlett, 1842, A. S.B. 
g. Stuffed N. Carolina, U.S. A. arts Fitzgerald, 1852, 
h. Stuffed N. Carolina, U.S. A. Rev. oi, Fitegerald, 1852, 
j. Skull? Upton, Maine, U.S. A. W. Theobald, 1868. 


Putorius stoliczkanus. 


Mustela stoliczkana, Blanford ¥. A. S.'B., xlvi, pt. 2, p. 260 (1877); id. 
Yarkand Mammals, p. 30, pls. ia, fig. 3, lib; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1023. 


Distribution —Eastern Turkestan. 


a. Skin Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1873. 
(Type of M. stoliczkana, Blanford.] 


6. Skin, skull g nr. Yarkand, 29-6-75. J. Scully. 


Putorius subhemachalanus, 


Mustela (Putorius) subhemachalana, Hodgson . A. S. B., vi, p. 563 (1837): 

Mustela subhemachalana, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xi, p. 280 (1842); Gray 
Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 13; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 103; Adams 
P. Z.S., 1858, p. §17; Blyth Cat. no. 202, p. 68; Ferdon Mamm., p. 83. 

Mustela humeralis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xi, p. 99 (1842). 

Mustela horsfieldii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (1), xi, p. 118 (1843). 

Mustela hodgsoni, apud Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 103. 

Vison iat and V. horsfieldii, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 95, 
(1869). 

Putorius subhemachalanus, Blanford Mammals, p. 166 (1888). 


Bhotea, Zimiong; Lepcha, Sang king. 
Distribution —The Himalayas of Nepal and Sikkim (Hodgson), 
possibly extending through the North-West Himalayas to Kashmir. 


a. Skin Landour, Mussoorie L. C. Stewart, A. S. B. 
6. Skin Nepal (B. H. Hodgson) E. I. Mus., London. 
c. Stuffed Darjeeling J. T. Pearson, 1842, A. S. B. 


[Ty pe of M. humeralis, Blyth.] 


Putorius canigula, 


Mustela canigula, Hodgson $. A.S. B., xi, p. 279 (1842); Gray Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll., 1st ed., p. 13. 

Mustela hodgsoni, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xi, p. 118 (1843). 

Putorius canigula, Blanford Mamm., p. 167 (1888). 


Disiribution.—Thibet and the North-West Himalayas, probably 
extending to Kashmir. 


a. Skin @ Bagee, nr. Simla J. Biddulph, 1875, 
5. Stuffed Sissines No histor es 


PUTORIUS. 281 


Putorius alpinus. 


Mustela alpina, Gebler Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vi, p. 213 (1824)* ; 
Radde Ost Siberiens i, p. 48; Severtzof Ann, Mag. N. H. (4), xviii. 
P- 45- 

Mustela temon, Hodgson F. A, S. B., xxvi, p. 207 (1857); Blanford Yarkand 
Mamm., p. 32; Scully P. Z. S., 1881, p. 203; id. Ann, Mag. N. H. (5), viii, 


P- 97. 
Putorius alpinus, Blanford Mammals, p. 168 (1888). 


Distribution.—Central Asia, the Altai mountains and Amurland, 
extending southwards to Thibet and the Himalayas, whence it has 
been recorded from Gilgit, the Kumaon and the ‘Sikkim frontier. 

Mr. Blanford remarks on the difference in size of the examples of 
this species and suggests that the larger individuals may be males, 
the smaller females, that this is the case is shewn by the following 
measurements of the individuals in the flesh taken from the tickets 
of Dr. Scully’s specimens, the individuals were also sexed by Dr. 
Scully himself :— 


a. $ b. f « Q 
Total length . : - 170 17°4 15'0 
Head and body . . + 10°0 98 87 
Tail . 7 E . - S57 6:2 50 
Hair at end of tail F . +g 13 13 
Height at shoulder. » 3°25 36 _ 
” » Trump . « 3°90 40 = 
Palm . : A » 095 ae) _ 
Sole . : . - OF O75 _ 
Ear in front . «4 09 ro _ 
» vy breadth . 5 ae ba | VI 65 
Weight 8'3 0z. Weight 4'0 oz. 
a. Skin, skull g Bassin, Gilgit, 2-11-79 J. Scully. 
6, Skin, skull é@ Farfu, Bagrot, nr. J. Scully. 
Gilgit, 6-11-79 
c. Skin Q Gilgit, 26-6-79. J. Scully. 
d, Skin, skull Chashi Yassin, nr. J. Scully. 


Gilgit, (J. Biddulph, 
8-80, 9,500ft). 

e. Stuffed, skull 9 Sanju Pass, Kuenlun G. Henderson. 
Mts. 


Putorius kathiah. 


Mustela kathiah, Hodgson $. A. S. B. iv, p. 702 (1835); Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 13; Walker Cale. Fourn, N. H,, iii, p. 266; 
Horsfield Cat. E, 1. Mus., p. 102; Blyth Cat. no. 203, p. 69; Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 84. 

Mustela auriventer, Hodgson $. A.S.B., x, p. gog (1841); id. ibid, xi, p. 


280. 
Symnopus kathiah, Gray P. Z.S., p. 119 (1865); id. Cat, Carn, Mamm., 
. 96. 
parua cathia, Blanford Mammals, p, 169 (1888). 


282 MAMMALIA. 


Nepal, Kathiah nyul; Assam, Darrup. oe 
Distribution —The Himalayas from Mussoorie to Sikkim, and 


the Khasia hills in Assam. 


a, Skin Assam F. Jenkins, 1846, A.S.B. 
6. Skin Shillong, Assam J. Cockburn [P.] 
c. Alc., skull Darjeeling Zoological Gardens. 
a, Alc., skull Darjeeling, 5,000ft. G. King; 1871. 
e-f, 2 Skins Shillong T. la Touche, 1889. 


Putorius strigidorsus. 


Mustela strigidorsa, Gray P.Z.S., p. 191 (1853); Horsfield Ann. Mag. 
N. H. (2), xvi, p.107; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p.6; Ferdon 
Mammals, p. 85. 

Gymnopus strigidorsus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 119 (1865); id. Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 97. 

Putorius strigidorsus, Blanford Mammals., p.170 (1888). 


Distribution.—Only known from the Sikkim Himalayas. 


a. Skin, skull juv. ? Nepal (B.H. Hodgson) India Mus., London. 
b {Sse in alc. 


Skull a Darjeeling G. B. Mainwaring. 
- 


Putorius sibericus. 


Mustela siberica, Pallas Spic. Zool., xiv., p. 86 (1780); Blyth Cat. no. 200, 
p- 68; Radde Ost Siberiens,i, p. 45; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., 
P- 37; Swinhoe P.Z.S., 1870, p. 624. 

Putorius sibericus, Griffith An, Kingd., v, p. 122 (1827) ; Cowes Fur-bearing 
Animals of North America, p. 171. 

Mustela itatsi, Temminck and Schlegel Faun. fapan Mamm., p. 34, pl. vii 
(1850). 

Vison sibirica, Gray P. Z. S., p. 117 (1865). 


Distribution.—Siberia generally, Amurland (Schrenck) ; Japan 
(Temminck) and China (Swinhoe). 


a. Stuffed Amoy, China R. Swinhoe, 1859, A.S.B. 
6 Skull Amoy, China R. Swinhoe, 1859, A.S.B. 


Putorius vison. 


Mustela lutreola, Forster Phil. Trans. \xii., p. 371 (1772); Blyth Cat. no. 
199, p. 68. 

Mustela canadensis, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim. p. 455 (1777)- 

Mustela vison, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 463, pl. cxxviib (1778). 

Lutra vison, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, p. 448 (1800). 

Mustela winingus, Barton Am. Phil. Trans., vi, p. 70. (1804). 

Mustela minx, Turton Syst. Nat., i, p. 58 (1806)*. 

Mustela lutreocephala, Harlan Faun. Amer., p. 63 (1825). 

Putorius vison, Gapper Zool. Fourn., v, p. 202 (1830); Coues Furebearing 
Animals of North America, p. 160. 


GULO. 283 


Vison lutreola, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 64 (1843). os 

Putorius nigrescens, Audubon and Bachman Quad. North Amer,, iii, p. 104 
(1853)*. 

Vison lutreocephala, Gray P. Z. S., p. 116 (1865); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p.93- 

Putorius lutreolus, Allen Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool., i, p. 175 (1869). 


The Mink. 
Distribution.— North America generally ; from the Arctic Ocean 
to the southern part of the States. 


a. Skin gd Ontario, Canada J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 
6. Skull N. Carolina Rev. F. Fitzgerald, A.S.B. 
c. Skull Upton, Maine, U.S. A. W. Theobald, 1868. 


Genus GULO, 
Gulo, Storr Prodr, Meth. Mamm., p. 34 (1780)*. 


Gulo luscus. 


Mustela gulo, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 67 (1766). 

Ursus luscus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 71 (1766). 

Ursus gulo, Schreber Sdugeth., iii, p. 525, pl. cxliv (1778). 

Gulo sibericus, Pallas Spic. Zool., xiv, p. 25 (1780). 

Meles luscus, Boddaert Elench. Anim.,, i, p. 80 (1784)*. 

Gulo borealis, Nilsson Illum. fig. till Skand. Faun. (1829)*; Blasius Séugeth, 
Deutschl., p. 209; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 98. 

Taxus gulo, Tiedemann Zool., i, p. 377 (1808). 

Gulo arcticus, Desmarest Mamm., i, p. 174 (1820). 

Gulo luscus, Sabine Franklin's Fourn., p. 650 (1823)* ; Blyth Cat, no, 192, 
p- 65; Cowes Fur-bearing Animals of North America, p. 34. 


The Wolverene. 


Distribution.—Circumpolar, ze, the northern parts of both 
continents. 


a. Stuffed Siberia British Mus. [Ex.] 
6. Skull Norway University of Christiania, 
1846, A.S.B. 


Genus GALICTIS. 


Galictis, Bell Zool. Fourn., ii, p. §52 (1826). Type, G, vittata. 


Galera, f , Type, G. barbara, 
eats Gray List Mamm. B. M., pp. 67, 68 (1843). Hee G. vittata, 


Galictis barbara. 


Mustela barbara, Linnaus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 67 (1766). 

Gulo barbatus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 175 (1820). 

Viverra poliocephala, Traill Mem. Wern. Soc., ili, p. 440 (1821). 

Galictis barbara, Wagner Schreber Séugeth, Suppl.,ii, p. 214 (1841); Alston 
Biol. Centr, Am. Mamm., p. 79. 


284 MAMMALIA. 


Galera barbara, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 67 (1843). 
Galera barbata, Gray P. Z. S., p. 121 (1865) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 99. 


Distribution.—From Mexico southwards to the Rio de la Plata. 


a, Skin, skull 9 weasee Zoological Gardens. 


Galictis vittata. 
Viverra vittata, Schreber Sdugeth., iti, p. 447, pl. cxxiv (1778). 
Viverra cuja, Sham Genl. Zool., i, p-°433 (1800). 
Viverra quiqui, Shaw Genl. Zool., P- 432 (1800). 
Gulo vittatus, Desmarest Manis P. 175 (1820). 
Galictis vittata, Bell Trans. Zool. Soe il, Pp. 203, pls. XXXV) xxxvi (1837). 
Galictis allamandi, Bell Trans, Zool. Soc. li, 204, pl. xxxvii (1837). 
Grisonia vittata, Gray P. Z. S., p. 1a2 (1865) ; id. Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 99 


Distribution.—South America. 


a. Skin Sc f W. Rutledge. 
6. Skin é verse. W. Rutledge. 


Genus ann YX, 


Ictonyx, Kaup Thierreich, i, p. 352 (1835 
Zorilla, ‘Lieblein Grunds. Ueber, Ti neil (1830)*. 


Ictonyx zorilla. 


Viverra zorilla, Zrxleben Syst. Reg. An., p. 492 (1777). 

Viverra striata, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, p. 387 (1800). 

Mephitis zorilla, Lichtenstein Daeseie, pl. xlviii (1827-34). 

Ictonyx capensis, Kaup Thierreich, i, p. 353 (1835)*. 

Zorilla capensis, Waterhouse Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc., p. 33 (1838). 

Zorilla striata, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 67 (1843); Blyth Cat, no. 206, 
p. 69; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 140. 

Rhabdogale mustelina, Wagner Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., ii, p. 219 (1841). 


Distribution.—Africa, Senegal and the Cape. 


a. Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, 1859, A. S. B. 
6 Skeleton Q imam Purchased. 


Genus HELICTIS, 


Helictis, Gray P.Z.S., p. 94 (1831). Type, H. moschata. 
Melogale, Js. Geoff. St. Win Voy. aux Indes Orient. Belanger, p. 129 (1834). 
Type, H. personata. 


The species of this genus seem to require rev sion; Anderson 
(Anat. Zool. Res., p., 193) recognized four species, H. nepalen- 


HELICTIS. 285 


sis from Nepal, H. orientalis from Java and Sumatra, H. subau- 
rantiaca from Formosa and the allied H. moschata (of which he 
considered H. personata of Geoffroy as asynonym) from China 
and Yunnan. 

Thomas (P. Z. S., 1886, p. 62), states that H. personata of 
Geoffroy cannot be considered a synonym of H. moschata, as its 
teeth are of large size as is shown by Blainville’s figure (Osteogra- 
phie, Il), and that it belongs to the large-toothed section of the 
genus; he also remarked that he could perceive no distinction 
between H. orientalis and H. nepalensis from Java and Nepal 
respectively. 

Blanford (Mammals, p. 172) practically adopts Thomas’ views 
on this subject, and distinguishes only two species from the Indian 
Empire, H. orientalis from Nepal, Sikkim and Java of a dark- 
brown, almost chocolate colour, with the upper sectorial tooth 
of moderate size, of which the outer lobe projects anteriorly 
and posteriorly beyond the inner lobe, and the anterior inner 
cusp considerably exceeds the posterior inner cusp in size; 
and H. personata with brownish gray fur and a trapezoidal 
upper sectorial with the two inner cusps almost equally deve- 
loped. 

The specimens in the Indian Museum cannot in any way be 
fitted to these two descriptions, as the following brief characters 
show :— 


Specimen. Colour. Sectorial. 
Skin, skull, juv. Reddish brown Outer lobe not projecting, 
Darjeeling. inner cusp subequal. 
Skin, Arakan Pale brown : od 
Stuffed, skull, Pale brown Very worn, but with outer 
Arakan. lobe projecting and inner 


: cusps very unequal. 
Stuffed, Tippera Palebrown 2 J, 


Skeleton, Rangoon settee Outer lobe projecting slight- 
ly in front, more behind ; 
inner lobes unequal. 


Skin, skull, Blackish-gray, no red- Quter lobe markedly pro- 
Shillong. dish tinge; head al- jecting in front and be- 
most black. hind; inner lobes very 

unequal. 


From this it will be seen that the Darjeeling specimen, though 
of the colour of H. orientalis, has a skull resembling that of H. 
personata, while the Shillong specimen, with the colouring of H. 
personata, has a skull resembling that of O. orientalis. In the list 
below all the specimens have been identified as H. personata, 
except the Darjeeling one, as until more specimens are ex- 
amined, it is impossible to ccrrectly determine the limits of the 
species, 


286 MAMMALIA. 


The following key is adopted from Blanford :— 
Key of the Indian Species. 


a. Forms with large teeth. 


4. Colour brown or yellowish brown, not gray. 
H. orientalis, p. 286. 


6®, Colour brownish gray. H. personata, p. 286. 
a*, Forms;with small teeth. H. moschata, p. 286, 


Helictis orientalis. 


-Gulo orientalis, Horsfield Zool. Res. with plate (1824). : 

Gulo nipalensis, Hodgson F. A.S.B., v, p. 237 (1836); id. ¥. A. S. B., vi, p. 560. 

Helictis nipalensis, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll. ist ed., p. 14 (1846); Horsfield 
Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 108; Gray P.Z.S., 1853,p.191 ; ¥erdon Mamm.,, p. 80. 

Helictis orientalis, Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 106 (1851); Blanford 
Mammals, p. 173. 


Oker, Nepal. 
Distrtbution.—Nepal, Sikkim and Java. 


a. Skin, skull juv. nr. Darjeeling, 9-65 J. Anderson. 


Helictis personata, 


Melogale personata. Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Woy. aux Indes Orient. Belanger, 


+ p. 137, pl. v (1834). : 
Mustela personata, Blainville Osteog., ii, Mustela, p. 16; Atlas, ii, Mustela, 


pl. xiii (1839-64). 
Helictis orientalis, apud Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 352 (1862). 
Helictis nipalensis, apud Blyth Cat. no, 208, p. 70 (1863); id. ¥. A. S. B., 


xliv, Burma List, p. 29. 
Helictis personata, Thomas P.Z.S., p. §9 (1886) ; Blanford Mammals, p. 174. 


Distribution —Assam, Manipur. (Thomas); Tippera, Arakan 
and Lower Burma. 


a. Skin Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1843, 
A.S.B. 

6. Stuffed, skull Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1843, 
A.S.B. 

c. Stuffed Tippera dist. Beng. F, Skipwith, 1845, A.S.B. 

@. Skeleton Rangoon, Burma Sir A. Phayre, 1843, 
A.S.B. 

e. Skin, skull Shillong, Assam T. laTouche, 


Helictis moschata. 


Helictis moschata, Gray P. Z,S., p. 94 (1831); Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 
228 and 623; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 193. 


MELLIVORA. 287 


Distributionn—Yunnan (Anderson); China from Shanghai 
southwards and Hainan (Swinhoe); in Formosa replaced by 
H. aurantiaca. 


uw. Skin Teng ye chew, Yunnan, ‘J. Anderson. 
7 5258. 

6, Skin Mormien, Yunnan, 4500ft., J. Anderson. 
7-68, 


Genus MELLIVORA. 


Mellivora, Storr Prodr. Method. Mamm., p. 34 (1780)*. 
Ursitaxus, Hodgson As. Res., xix, p. 60 (1836) ; Type, M. indica, 


Mellivora indica. 


Meles indicus, Boddaert Elench. Anim,, i, p. 80 (1785)*. 

Ursus indicus, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 188 (1792)*. 

Meles indica, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 151 (1829). 

Ratelus mellivorus, Bennet List An. Gard. Zool. Soc., p. 13 (1835)*. 
Ursitaxus inauritus, Hodgson As. Res., xix, p. 60 (1836); id. ¥. 4. S. B., v, 


. 671. 
Mellivora ratel, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 13 (1846) ; Horsfield Cat. 
E. I. Mus., p. 120; Blyth Cat. no. 207, p. 69. 
Ratelus indicus, Schine Synop. Mamm., i, p. 329 (1844). 
Mellivora indica, ferdon Mamm.,p.78; McMaster Notes on ¥erdon,p.18; 
Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 122; Murray Zool, Sind, p.32; Sterndale 
Mamm. Ind., p. 134; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; Blanford Mammals, 


p. 176. 


The Indian Ratel; Biju or Bijru Bhal, Hind. Biyu kharwar, 
Telegu; Tava karadi, Tamil; Gore pat, Sind; Bhassiar, Nepal. 

Distribution.—India generally from the base of the Himalayas 
southwards, but does not seem to occur in Lower Bengal or on the 
Malabar Coast; is recorded from Sambar Lake (Thomas), Sind 
(Murray), the Deccan and Northern Circars (McMasters) and 
Goona, C. I. (I. M.) 

The distinctness of the African and the Indian Ratels has never 
been satisfactorily settled ; Blyth believed them to be the same 
when he wrote his catalogue, afterwards (cf. Jerdon’s Mammals) he 
believed them to be different from one another, and distinguished 
the African form by the possession of a white stripe along the cheeks 
which does not occur in the Indian form. P. L. Sclater (P. Z. S., 
1870, p. 232) says that the animal which he described as M. leu- 
conota could not when adult be distinguished from the Indian 
Ratel; and as there was no reasonable doubt that the type of 
M. leuconota came from Africa, he came to the conclusion that 
Si was no specific distinction between the Indian and African 

tels.” 

Two fossil species (M. sivalensis and punjabensis) have been 
described from the Siwalik beds [Pal. Ind. (10), ii, p. 180.] 


288 MAMMALIA. 


a. Skin Q nr. PaeenehD Beng., E. V. Westmacott. 
1-2- 

6. Skin Goona, C. I. A. Barclay. 

ce. Skin, skull 9 W. Rutledge. 

d. Skin g weiilisn Barrackpore Park, 1868. 

e. Stuffed a Maharajah of Burdwan, 
1858. A:S.B. 

SJ Stuffed nn Maharajah of Burdwan, 
1858, A.S.B. 

g- Skeleton & Coromandel Coast Sir W. Elliot, 1847, A.S.B. 

AeSkul B. H. Hodgson, 1836, A.S.B. 

j. Skin Agra dist., N.-W. P., Agra Museum. 5 


_20-7-70 


Genus MELES. 
Meles, Story Prody. Method. Mamm. (1780)*. 


There are apparently several species of Badger in Central Asia; 
besides Hodgson’s Tumpha (Meles leucura) there is Blyth’s Meles 
albogularis (J. A.S. B., xxii, p. 590); Blanford’s unnamed species 
from Kashgar, and Milne-Edward’s Meles leptorhynchus (Recher- 
ches Mammiferes, p. 190). 

M. leucura is said to have a very distinct skull, the lower part of 
the hind-feet covered with hair, and it is also distinguished by its 
fur, which is longer, thicker and more flaccid than that of M. 
taxus. 4 

M. albogularis is apparently distinguished by its white throat 
with a very narrow band of black only separating it from the white 
cheek. 

M. leptorhynchus (M. chinensis of Gray) from China resembles 
the European badger externally and differs from it only in certain 
cranial characters. 

Finally, the unnamed species from Kashgar differs from M. 
taxus only in that the median white mark in the middle of the 
face does not extend back further than the ears, 


Meles taxus. 


Ursus meles, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed.. i, p. 70 (1766). 

Meles taxus, Boddaert Elench. Anim., i, p. 80 (1785)*; Blyth Cat. no. 210, 
p. 70; Middendorf Siberische Reise, ii, pt. 2, p.3; Blasius Séugeth. 
Deutschl., p. 204; Radde Ost Siberiens, i, p. 14; Schrenck Amurland 
Sdugeth., p.17; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 124; Severtsoff Ann. Mag. 
N. H. (4), xviii, p. 45; Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 274. 

Taxus vulgaris, Tiedemann Zool., i, p. 376 (1808). 

Meles europaeus, Desmarest N. Dict. Hist. Nat., iti, p. 465 (1816). 

Meles vulgaris, Desmarest Mamm., p. 173 (1820). 

Meles canescens, Blanford Persia, p. 44, pl. iii (1876); Alston P. 2. S, 


1 877, Pp. 274: 


MYDAUS. 289 


Distribution,—Europe, Northern Asia, Turkestan (Severtzoff), 
Persia (Blanford), and Asia Minor (Alston). 


a. Skin, skelet. 9 Spain? W. Rutledge. 

6. Skin, skull ¢ pews W. Rutledge. 

ce. Skin,skull g@ aaa - W. Rutledge. 

d. Skin, skull seses W. Rutledge. 

e. Skin, skelet. 9 senna W. Rutledge. 

Ff. Stuffed England W. Davison, 1846, A.S.B. 
g. Skeleton England J. H, Gurney, 1860, A.S.B. 
h, Skeleton France Prof. Gervais. 

j. Skull England A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. 

&. Skin, skull Ispahan Sir O. B. C. St. John. 


[Type of M. canescens, Blanford.] 


Meles leucura. 
Taxidea leucura, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 763, pls. xxix-xxxi (1847); 
Blyth Cat. no. 209, p. 70; Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 7. 


Meles leucurus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 190 (1853); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 
126; Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2) xvi, p. 108. 


Tibetan, Tumpha. 
Distribution.—Thibet. 


a. Skin Thibet A. Campbell, 1853, A.S.B. 


Meles sp. ? 
Meles sp., Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 25. 


a. Skin Kashgar F, Stoliczka, 


Genus MYDAUS. 
Mydaus, F, Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm, livr. xxvii (1821). 


Mydaus meliceps. 
Mydaus meliceps, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm,. livr. xxvii (1821) ; Horsfeld 


Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 109; Gray Cat, Carn. Mamm., p.131; Forbes P. Z. S., 


1879, p. 664. ; 
Mephitis javanensis, Desmarest Mamm., p. 187 (1820); Raffles Linn. 
Trans., xiii, p. 251. 


a eae (Horsfield), Sumatra (Raffles), Borneo 
) 


a, Skeleton Borneo : J. Anderson, 


290 MAMMALAA, 


Genus ARCTONYX. 


Arctonysz, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr. li (1825). 


Besides the two Indian species mentioned below, Milne Edwards 
(Recherches Mamm., p. 195) has described two other species: 
Arctonyx leucolemus from the neighbourhood of Pekin, and A. 
obscurus from Thibet, 


Rey of the Indian Species. 


a, Skull about 6 in. in length; 4th upper premolar with two internal 
cusps and with the larger external cusp about equidistant 
from the anterior and posterior ends of the tooth, which 
is of a distinctly triangularshape. A. collaris, p. 290. 


a*, Skull about 4 in. in length; size about half that of A. collaris; 
4th upper premolar with no internal cusps, the large external 
cusp being at the anterior end of the tooth, and the tooth 
itself approaching a quadrangular form. 

A. taxoides, p. 291. 


Arctonyx collaris. 


Arctonyx collaris, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr.1i (1825); Evans $.A.S. 
B,, vii, p. 732; id. ibid, viii, Pp 408; Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p. 114; 
Gray. Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 7; Walker Calc. fourn. N. H., 
iii, p. 265; Blyth Cat. no. 212, p. 71; Ferdon Mamm., p.77; Gray Cat. 
Carn. Mamm., p. 122; McMaster Notes on $erdon, p. 15; Anderson 
Anat. Zool, Res., p. 196; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p.29; Blan- 
ford Mammals, p, 178. : z 

Mydaus collaris, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., i, pls. vi and vii (1830). 

Mephitis assamensis, McClelland Ind. Rev., ii p. 509 (1838). 

Arctonyx isonyx, Horsfield P. Z. S., p. 398, pl. 1 (1856). 


The Hog Badger; Bhalu sur (= bear pig), Hind. ; Hunteree 
bora, Assamese; Khway-htoo-wet-htoo, Arakan; Khwe-ta-wek- 
wek-ta-wek, Burmese. ; 

Distribution.—Lower ranges and bases of the Himalayas, from 
Nepal to Assam, Sylhet, Arakan, both Upper and Lower Burma, 
not apparently found south of Tenasserim. 


a, Skin Momein, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
6,o00ft. 7-68, 

6. Skin Chittagong hills J. T. Jarbo. 

ce. Skin caine Purchased. 

da, Skin juv. Darjeeling Purchased. 

e. Skin Assam J. Butler. 

f. Skin Chittagong 2 E. R, Shopland, 


g. Stuffed juv. Sylhet C. Huffnagle, A.S.B. 


LUTRA. 291 


a, Stuffed eeaaed Captain Paterson, 1838, 
A.S.B. 

j. Skull JUV. eee ‘ No history, A.S.B. 

& Skull juv. sas age No history, A.S.B. 

2. Skull reo AS.B. 

m, Skeleton @ = =——— saunas F. Skipwith, 1847, A.S.B. 


Arctonyx taxoides, 


Arctonyx taxoides, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxii, p. 591 (1853) ; Blyth Cat. no. 
213, p.71; Spearman Burma Gazett, p.§53; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., 
p. 196; Blanford Mammals, p. 180. 


Distribution,—Probably the same as thé last. Assam, Sylhet, 
Arakan and possibly China, if Meles leucolemus, Milne Edw. is 
indistinguishable from this species as suggested by Blanford. 


a, Stuffed, skull Assam J. McClelland, 1843, ASB. 
(Type of A, taxoides, Blyth], 
6 Stuffed juv. Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1848, A.S.B. 


Genus MEPHITIS. 


Mephitis, G. Cuvier Tableau Gen, in Legons d’ Anat. Comp., 1st ed., i, 
(1800)*. 


Mephitis mephitica, 


Viverra putorius, Linmeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 64 (1766). 

Viverra mephitis, Schreber Sdugeth., iii, p. 444, pl. cxxi (1778). 

Viverra mephitica, Shaw Mus. Leverianum, p. 171 (1792)*. 

Mephitis varians, Gray Chavlesw, Mag. N. H., i, p. §81 (1837) ; id. Cat. Carn. 
Mamm.,, p. 136. 

Mephitis mephitica, Baird N. Amer, Mamm., P. 195 (1857)* ; Comes Fur- 
bearing Animals of North America, p. 195. 


Distribution. —North America, from Hudson’s Bay and Great 
Slave Lake to Guatemala. 


a. Skin nr. Lake Scugog, J. H. Garnier [Ex.}. 
Canada. 

6, ~Skelet. senses No history. 

e. Skull Upton, Maine, W. Theobald. 
U.S. A., 29-9-68, ; 

d, Alc. g serene W. Rutledge, 


Genus LUTRA. 


Lutra, Erxleben Syst. Regn, Anim., p. 445 (1777). 

Aonyx, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 157 (1827). Type, Lutra capensis. 
Lataxina, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 70 (1843). Type, Lutra canadensis, 
Barangia, Gray P. Z. S., p. 123 (1865). Type, Is. sumatrana. 


UZ 


292 MAMMALIA. 


Key of the Indian Species. 
a. Claws well developed ; tail about 2 of length of body. 


b. Teeth moderate; portion of frontals behind the postorbital 
processes decreasing regularly in width to constriction 
in front of brain case ; fur longish and loose; upper bor- 
der of naked nose-pad forming a salient angle. 

L. vulgaris, p. 292. 


3%, Teeth large; portion of frontals behind the postorbital 
process of equal width as far as the constriction in 
front of the brain case ; fur short and adpressed ; upper 
border of naked nose-pad straight. 

L. ellioti, p. 294. 


88, Rich chestnut-brown above, golden red below and on the 
extremities (skull not known). 
L. aurobrunnea, p. 295. 


a*, Claws in adults rudimentary ; tail not more than half the length 
of the head and body. 


L. leptonyx, p. 295. 


Lutra vulgaris. 


Mustela lutra, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 66 (1766). 

Lutra vulgaris, Evwleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 448 (1777); Temminck and 
Schlegel Faun. fap. Mamm., p.35; Middendorf Siberische Reise, ii, pt. ii, 
p- 70; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p. 42; Radde Ost Siberien, i, p. 54; 
Kelaart Prod, Faun. Zeylan., p. 35; Blyth Cat., no. 216, p. 73; Ferdon 
Mamm., p. 88 (pt.]; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 103; Severtzoff Ann. 
Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 48; Blanford Persia, p. 43; id. ¥. A. S.B., xlvi, 
Pp 324; Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 275 ; id. ibid, 1880, p. 54; Lydekker F. A, 
S. B., xlix, p.6; Scully P.Z. S., 1881, p. 203 ; Blanford Mammals, p. 182; 
Thomas P. Z. S., 1889, p. 195; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1022. 

Lutra nair, F. Cuvier Dict. Sci., Nat., xxvii, p. 247 (1823); Sykes, P.Z.S., 
1831, p. 100; Horsfield Cat. EZ. 1. Mus,, p. 115 ; Blyth Cat. no. 214, 
p. 72 [pt.]; Ferdon Mamm., p. 86 [pt.]; McMaster Notes on $erdon, 
p- 15 [pt.]3 Swinhoe P. Z. S, 1861, p. 390; id. ibid., 1864, p. 381; 
Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 208, pl. xi; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 153, 

Viverra lutra, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., i, p. 76 (1831). 

Lutra roensis, Ogilby P.Z.S., p. 111 (1834). 

Lutra nudipes, Melchior Sdugeth. des Danisch. Staats (1834)*. 

Lutra chinensis, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H., i, p. §80(1837); id. Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 104; Swinhoe P. Z.S., 1870, pp. 228, 624; Anderson Anat, 
Zool. Res., p. 211. 

Lutra indica, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H., i, p. 580 (1837) ; id. Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 104. 

Lutra monticolus, Hodgson #, A. S. B., viii, p. 320 (1839). 

Lutra monticola, Blyth $. A. S. B., xi, p. 99 (1842) ; id. ibid. xiv, p. 351; 
Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 14 [pt.]. 

Lutra kutab, Schinz Syn. Mamm., i, p. 354 (1844). 

Lutra ? Blyth Cat. no, 215, p. 73 (1863). 


LUTRA. 293 

The Common Otter: Udbilao, Panikutta, Hind; Sag-i-ab, 
Punjab; Nirunei, Tam.; Niru-kuka, Telegu; Deeya balla, Cinga- 
lese. 

Distribution.—The typical variety is found throughout the Palae- 
arctic region from England to Japan, it extends to the Himalayas 
from Gilgit to the Brahmapootra, at elevations of from 4,000 ft. to 
12,000 ft. The var. nair is found throughout Assam and the 
eastern half of the Indian peninsula from the foot of the Hima- 
layas to Pondicherry, and also probably throughout the western half, 
but this is uncertain. 

The var. chinensis is found throughout South China, extending 
as far as Yunnan and Upper Burma about Bhamo, and another 
variety unnamed is found in Ceylon. 


a. Skin, skull Gilgit, J. Scully. 


@ Punyal, nr. 


6, Skin pam nr. Gilgit, J. Scully. 
-79. 

ce. Skin juv. Gilgit, 5,000 ft., 3-6-80 J. Scully. 
d, Skin & Gilgit, 16-6-79 J. Scully. 

e. Skin, skull Q Gilgit, 10-2-80 J. Scully. 
Ff. Skin Gilgit J. Biddulph. 
g. Skin Rungbee, Darjeeling J. Munro. 

. Skull Himalayas A.S.B. 

j. Skin, skull juv.g Assam? Zoological Gardens. 


jh. 

Jj 

4. Stuffed 

Z, Stuffed 
mm. 


Neuralia, Ceylon 
Neuralia, Ceylon 


E, F. Kelaart, A.S.B, 
E. L. Layard, A.S.B. 


. Skin, skull Ceylon Colombo Mus, 
n. Stuffed @ Calcutta, 4-4-70. No history. 
v. Stuffed Calcutta. ee abana 1848, 
b. Skull juv. Calcutta A.S.B., 1845. 
g. Skeleton saevs J. Armstrong. 
7. Skin, skull 2 Balligunge, Calcutta Purchased. 
s. Skin, skelet. Behala nr, Calcutta Zoological Gardens. 
#. Skin, skull ; Baraipore S. of Cal- Purchased. © 
cutta. 
a, Skin, skull Boitakkhana, Cal- Purchased. 
cutta. 
2, Skin juv. Bengal No history. 
mw, Skin Sibsagar, Assam, _ S. E. Peal. 
14-6-70. 
x, Skull Assam Zoological Gardens, 
y» Skin, skull Deccan (Sykes) India Mus., London. 
zg, Skin juv. Bae Upper Burma, J. Anderson. 
2-68, 
a, Skin Bhamo; Upper Burma J. Anderson, 
2-68, 
63, Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
6,000 ft., 6-68. 
e, Skin 9 . J. Anderson. 
a3, Skin i 7 J. Anderson. 
e?, Skin i i J. Anderson. 
f?. Skin 53 . J. Anderson, 
g?, Skin ” J. Anderson, 


294 MAMMALIA. 


2, Skin Momein, Yunnan J. Anderson. 
6,000 ft., 6-68. 
4% Skin is fe es J. Anderson, 
B. Skin és ary J. Anderson. 
@, Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
4,500 ft. 6 68. 
m, Stuffed Malay Peninsula Ne history. 
nm. Stuffed England W. Davison, 1244, A.S.B. 
oe. Skull Derbyshire, England D. Scott, A.S.B. ; 
p'. Stuffed Europe Christiania University, 
1846, A.S.B. 
¢@. Skull Q Europe Hungarian Mus., 1863, 
ASB. 
7, Skull Evrope Christiania University, 
: AS.B. 
s*. Skull Algeria A. Malherbe, A.S.B. 
#. Skin jQVe aw : Purchased, 1871. 
uw. Skull senies No history. 
v=. Skin, skull aaa No history. 
w’, Skin, skull juv. g © cranes Zoological Gardens. 
x7, Alc, juv. Q Calcutta O. L. Fraser. 
y® Skin juv. @ ste O. L. Fraser. 
2’,Skin,skull a No history, 186 
a’, Skin, skull ves No history. 
68. Skin fries No history. 
ec, Skin, skull ¢ wanes Purchased. 
@ Skin nea ae No history. 
e*. Skeleton juv. ea No history. 
f?. Skeleton ae saveat Purchased, 1871. 
g’.. Skull aires No history. 
AS, Skull A.S.B. 
7%. Alc. juv. 9 r Zoological Gardens, 


Lutra ellioti. 


Lutra tarayensis, Hodgson F. A. S. B., viii, p. 319 (1839) [in part]; Blyth 
¥. A. S.B., xi, p. 99. 

Lutra nair, apud Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 100 (¥830}; Cantor F. A. S. By, 
Xv, p. 195; Blyth Cat. no. 214, p. 72 [in part]; Ferdon Mamm., p. 86, 
{in part]; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 28; McMaster Notes on 
Ferdon, p. 15 (in part]; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 31. 

Lutra monticola, apud Gray Cat. Hodgs, Coll., 1st ed., p. 14[in part]; Grag 
ie Carn. Mamm., p. 105; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 200, ple xii, 

gs. 1, 2, 3. 

Lutra ellioti, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., pp. 211, 212 (1878); Sterndale, 
Mamm. Ind, p. 155; Blanford Mammals, p. 185. 

Lutra stmung, apud Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 213 (4878). 

Lutra barang, apud Thomas P. Z.S., p. 195 (1889). 


Distribution.—Throughout the Indian Peninsula, from the foot 
of the Himalayas to Travancore, and from the mouths of the Ganges 
to the river Indus in Sind; but not found in the hills in any part 
a its canbe extending eastwards through Burma to the Malay 

eninsula. 


a. Skull @ Dehra Dun. L. C. Stewart, A.S.B. 
b. Skull Jumna River, N.-W. P. J, Cockbarn [P.] 


ec. Alc, é 
@, Skin é 
e. Skin, skull Q 
f Skeleton 9? 
adult. 
g. Skeleton @ 
h. Skull 9 
j» Skull g 
&. Skull 
2. Skull 


m. Skin, skull 


n. Skull 
o. Skin 
p. Skin 
q. Skull 
7. Skull g 
s. Skin, skull, ¢ 
skelet, 
# Skull Q 
uw. Skeleton, 


v. Skis, skull g 


uv. 


J 
w. Skin,skele- g 


juv. 
a7, Skull juv. 
67, Skin 
3, Alc. 
d®. Stuffed juv. 
e?, Skull juv, 


Coll., ist ed., p14; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., 


LUTRA. 


Sind 
Goona, C. I, 


” ” 


yy Wy 
South India 


295 


Karachi Mus. [Ex.]. 
Zoological Gardens. 
. Barclay, 
Barclay. 


>> 


Barclay. 
. Barelay. 
. Barclay. 
- Barclay. 
A. Barclay. 
Sir W. Elliot, A.S.B. 


>>>> 


{Type of L. ellioti, Anderson.] 


South India 
Travancore 
” 


Purneah, Beng. 
nr, Calcutta 


Alipore, Calcutta 

Salt Water Lakes, 
Calcutta. 

Sunderbunds, Beng. 


Rajshahye dist., Beng. 


Bengal 
Assam 


Arakan 

Momien, Yunnan, 
6,000 ft., 6-68. 

Amiah, Tavoy 


eeeeee 


Sir W. Elliot, A.S.B. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 

Rev. H. Baker, A.S.B. 
G. W. Shillingford. 


E. Blyth, A.S.B., 1842. 


Zoological Gardens. 
O.L. Fraser, 


Zoological Gardens. 
Zoological Gardens. 
Zoological Gardens. 
A.S.B. 

Zoological Gardens. 


Sir A. Phayre, 1845, A.S.B. 
J. Anderson, 


Mus. Coll. 
No history. 
ASB. 


Lutra aurobrunnea. 


Lutra aurobrunneus, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., viii, p. 320 (1839). 
Lutra aurobrunnea, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 71 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. 


p- 212. 


Aonyx aurobrunnea, Gray P. Z, S., p. 131 (1865); id. Cat, Carn. Mamm., 


p. 111. 


? Barangia nepalensis, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. tot (1869). 


Distribution.—Upper Hill Region of Nepal (Hodgson). 


[No specimens in the Indian Museum]. 


Lutra leptonyx, 


Lutra leptonyx, Hovsfield Zool. Res. with plate (1824); Miller Over 
de Zoogdieren in Tem, Verhandl., p.§1; Blyth Cat. no. 217, p. 73; 
Ferdon Mamm., p.89; McMaster Notes on $erdon, p. 18; Sterndale 
Mamm. Ind,, p. 156; Blanford Mammals., p. 187. 


296 MAMMALIA, 


Aonys horsfieldii, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H., i; p. 580 (1837); Swinhoe 
P. Z. S., 1870, p. 229; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 213. 

Lutra indigitatus, Hodgson $ A. S. B., viii, p. 320 (1839). 

Aonyz leptonyx, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 71 (1843) ; Cantor F. A. S. B., 
XV, p. 1953 Horsfield Cat. E.I. Mus., p. 117; id Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p. 110; Swinhoe P.Z. S., 1870, p. 229; Blyth F A.S. B., xliv, Burma 
List, p. 28; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., Xi, p. 25. _ 

Aonyx sikimensis, Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H., xvi, p. tog (1855); Gray 
Cat, Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 7- 

Aonyx indigitatus, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 14 (1846); Horsfield 
Cat. E. I. Mus,, p. 119; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 110, 

Lutra swinhoei, Gray P. Z, S., p. 182 (1867); id., Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 105; 
Swinhoe P. Z.S., 1870, p. 625; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 213. 

Lutra aurobrunnea, apud McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 18 (1870). 

Lutra (Aonyx) leptonyx, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. pp. 202, 213 
(1878). 

Lutra cinerea, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 195 (1889). 


The Clawless Otter; Chusam, Bhotea; Suriam, Lepcha. 

Distribution.—Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Hainan, South China, 
Malay Peninsula, Burma, Yunnan, Assam, Himalayas up to 
8,cooft. and as far west as Mussoorie, and throughout the eastern 
half of the Indian Peninsula from the Himalayas to Cape Comorin - 
including the Nilgiris, 


a. Stuffed N. W. Himalayas Purchased, 1851, A.S. B. 
6. Skull Mussoorie L. C. Steuart, 1843, A.S.B. 
e. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 

a. Stuffed, skull Darjeeling Mrs. Saxon 1844, A.S.B. 
e. Skull Cochin, South India Rev. J. Baker, 

St. Skull ” ” Rev. Je Baker. 

g. Skin Travancore, 9-70 Rev. J. Baker. 

kh, Skin - a Rev. J. Baker. 

j. Skull Calcutta R. C. Beavan, A.S.B. 


k. Skeleton @ Calcutta Zoological Gardens. 
2. Skin, skull9 24-Pergunnahs, Bengal Zoological Gardens. 
m, Skin, skull g ‘ » Zoological Gardens, 


3 
a. Skin Assam A. W. Chennell, 
o, Skin Naga Hills, Assam A. W. Chennell. 
e. Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre 1844, 
A.S.B. 
g. Skin Ponsee, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
6,oo00ft., 7-68. 
vy. Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson, 
A 4,500ft, 6-68. 
s. Skin $y J. Anderson. 
#. Stuffed Malacca R. W. G. Frith, 1847 
ASB. : 
u. Stuffed juv. Malacca R. W. G. Frith, 1847 
; ASB. , 
a. Skin ieeaie No history. 
@. Skin sei No history, 
x. Stuffed No history, 
y. Skull A.S.B. 


3. Skull ieee AS.B. 


ENHYDRA, 297 


a*, Skull F sie No history. 
bo. Alc. setae No history. 
ce, Alc. eeeeve No history. 


Lutra canadensis. 


Mustela (Lutra) canadensis, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., i, p. 173 (1792)*. 

Lutra brasiliensis, Desmarest Mamm., i, p. 188. (1820) [in part]. 

Lutra lataxina, F. Cuvier Dict. Sci. Nat., xxvii, p. 242 (1823). 

Lutra canadensis, Js, Geoff. St. Hil. Dict. Class. Hist. Nat., ix, p. 520 (1826) ; 
Coues Fur-bearing Animals of North America., p. 205. 

Lutra hudsonica, F. Cuvier Suppl. Buffon, i, p. 194 (1831)*. 

Lataxina mollis, Gray List Mamm.B. M., p. 70 (1843). 

Lutra americana, Wyman Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 249 (1847). 

Lutra californica, Baird N. Amer. Mamm., p. 187 (1857)*. 

Latax canadensis, Gray P. Z.S., p. 133 (1865); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., 
p. 112. 


Distribution.—The whole of North America. 
a. Skull Umbagog Lake, Maine, U.S.A. W. Theobald. 


Lutra brasiliensis. 


Lutra brasiliensis, Zimmerman Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p. 316 (1780); Thomas 
P. Z, S., 1889, pe 197. 

Lutra lupina et paraguaensis, Schinz Cuv. Thierr.,i, p 213 (1821). 

Pteronura sandbachii, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. #., i, p. 580 (1837). 


Distribution.—The Guianas and Brazil, 
d, Skin Surinam Oxford Museum, 1870 [Ex.] 


Genus ENHYDRA, 


Pusa, Oken Lehrb. Naturg. (1816)*. 
Enhydra, Fleming Philos. Zool., ii, p. 187 (1822). 


’ 


Enhydra lutris. 


Mustela lutris, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p. 66 (1766). 

Lutra marina, Erxleben Syst. Regn. Anim., p. 445 (1777). 

Pusa orientalis, Oken Lehrb. Naturg,, iii, p. 986 (1816)*. 

Lutra lutris, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 155 (1827). 

Lutra stelleri, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 156 (1827). 

Enhydris stelleri, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 229 (1829). 

Phoea lutris, Pallas Zoog. Ros. As., p. 100 (1831). 

Enhydra lutris, Dekay New York Zool.,p. 41 (1842); Coues Fur-bearing 
Animals of North America, p. 326. 

Latax marina, Lesson Nouv. Tall, Reg. Anim., p.71 (1842). 

Enhydris lutris, Gray P. Z. S., p. 136 (1865); id. Cat, Casn, Mamm., 


p. 119. 


298 MAMMALIA, 


The Sea Otter. 
Distribution.—Shores of North Pacific, north of 50°, extending 


on the American side as far as Lower California. 


a. Skeleton N. E. coast, Siberia New York Mus. 
&. Skeleton apa New York Mus. 


Genus PROCYON. 
Procyon, Storr Prodr. Method. Mamm., p. 35 (1780)*. 


Procyon lotor, 


Ursus lotor, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 70 (1766). 

Procyon lotor, Storr Prodr. Method. Mamm., p. 35 (1780)* ; Blyth Cat. no. 
220, p. 74; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 242; Allen Bull. U.S. Geol. Sura., 
ii, p. 325. 

Mates lotor, Boddaert Elench. Anim.,-i, p. 80 (1784)*. 

Lotor vulgaris, Tiedemann Zool., i, p. 380 (1808). 

Procyon hernandezii, Wagler Isis, p. 514 (1831). 

Procyon brachyurus, Weigman Archio f. Nat., iii, p. 369 (1837). 

Procyon obscurus, Weigman Archiv f. Nat., iii, p. 370 (1837). 

Procyon nivea, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 580 (1837). 

Procyon psora, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 261 (1842). 

Procyon gularis, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., xiii, p. 222 (1842). 


The Racoon. 
Distribution.—North America from Alaska southward to Costa 
Rica in Central America. 


a, Skin juv. Bruce Co., Ont., Canada J. H. Garnier [Ex.]. 


6. Skin Texas, U.S.A. J. H. Garnier [Ex.]. 
e. Skin Ontario J. H. Garnier LEx.]. 
d. Skin, 3 seaiees Purchased, 
skelet. : 
e. Skin, 3 tenes W. Rutledge. 
skelet, j 
Ff. Skin, é egies Purchased. 
skelet, 
g. Stuffed é America No history, 1872. 
h. Skull North America A. D. Bartlett, 1849, A.S.B. 
7. Skull Suites mae Fitzgerald, 1853, 
SB. 


Genus NASUA. 


Nasua, Storr Prodr. Method. Mamm., p. 35 (1780)*. 
Caoti, Lacépéede Mem, Inst. Paris, iii, p. 492 (1801). 


Nasua rufa. 


Viverra nasua, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed, i., p. 64 (1766). 
Viverra vulpecula, Zr leben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 490 (1777)s 
Viverra quasje, Gmelin Syst. Nav, p. 87 (1788). 


CERCOLEPTES. 299 


Ursus. nasua, G. Cuvier Tabl. Elément. d' Hist. Nat., p. 113 (1798)*. 

Nasua quasje, Desmarest N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., vii, p. 217 tia) 

Nasua rufa, Desmarest Mamm., p. 170 (1820) ; Allen Bull. U. §. Geol. 
Surv.,v, p. 170. 

Nasua fusca, Desmarest Mamm., p. 170 (1820). 

Nasua solitaria, Pr. Maximilian zu Wied Beitr. Naturg. Bras., ii, p. 
292 (1826) *. 

Nasua socialis, Pr. Maximilian su Wied Beitr. Naturg. Bras., ii, p. 283, 
(1826)*. —» 

Nasua vittata, Tschudi Faun. Peruan., p. 101 (1844). 

Nasua montana, id. ibid, p. 102, pl. v (1844). 

Nasua narica, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 74 (1843) [pt.]- 

Nasua olivacea, Gray P.Z.S, p. 703 (18 864 

Nasua dorsalis, Gray P. Z. Sus Pe 169, pl. xvii (1866). 


The Ring-tailed Coati. 
Distribution.—South America from Surinam to Paraguay and 
from the Atlantic to the Andes. 


a. Skin, skelet. tenses W. Rutledge. 

é 
4. Skin, skelet. seaicee Purchased. 

juv. 2 

e, Skin, skelet. eines Purchased. 

r) 
d. Skin, skelet, sates W. Rutledge. 
e. Stuffed Brazil Rajah R. Mullick, 1866. 
JF. Skull Surinam A. D.Bartlett, 1849, A.S.B. 


Nasua nasica. 


Viverra narica, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 64 (176 

Nasua narica, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 74 (1843) jel,  atyth Cat. no. 
221, p. 75; Allen Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, v, p. 162. 

Nasua leucorhynchos, Tschudi Faun. Peruan., Pp. 100 (1844 

Nasua solitaria var. mexicana, Weinland Zool. Gart.,i, p. 191 (1860)*, 

Nasua socialis, De Saussure Zool. Gart., iii, p. $3 (1862) y*. 

Bassaricyon gabbii, Allen P. Acad, N. Sci. Philad., p, 20 (1876). 


The White-nosed Coati. 
Distribution Central America, Texas and California south. 
wards as far as the Isthmus of Panama. 


a. Skinand 9 esas Purchased, 1878. 
skelet. 
& Stuffed g America W. Ratledge, 1870, 


Genus CERCOLEPTES. 


Potos, G. Cuvier Tableau Gen.in Legons, d'Anat. Comp., ist ed. i, (1800)*. 
Kinkajou, Lacépéde Mem. Inst. Paris, iii, p. 492 (1801). 
Cercoleptes, Idliger Prodr., p. 127 (1811). 


Cercoleptes caudivolvulus. 


Viverra caudivolvula, Schreber Sdugeth., iii, p. 453, pl. xxv (1778 
Lemur flavus Sckreber Saugeth.,i, p. 145) pl. xii 1778), 


300 MAMMALIA. 


Ursus caudivolvulus, G. Cuvier Tabl. Elément. d’Hist. Nat. p. 113 
1798)*. : 

Cand oetviles flavus, Tiedemann Zool., i, p. 381 (1808). 

Cercoleptes caudivolvulus, Jiliger Prodr., p. 127 (1811) ; Blyth Cat. no, 218, 
p- 74; Alston Biol. Centr.-Amer. Mamm., p. 76. 

Potos caudivolvulus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 171, pl. xlii (1820). 

Cercoleptes megalotus, Martin P. Z. S., p. 83 (1836). 

Cercoleptes brachyotus, Martin P. Z. S., ps 83 (1836). 


The Kinkajou. 
Distribution.—From Mexico southwards to the Rio Negro and 


Peru. 
a. Stuffed, skull Tropical America Zoological Gardens, 1878. 


2 
6. Skeleton iddeae A. D. Bartlett, 1849, A.S.B. 


Genus AELURUS. 


Ailurus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., liver. 1 (1825). 


Aelurus fulgens. 


Ailurus fulgens, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., live. 1 (1825); Hardwicke 
Linn. Trans., xv, p. 161, pl. ii ; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 15; 
Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 126; Blyth Cat. no. 219, p. 74; $erdon 
Mamm., p.74; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 247; P. L. Sclater P.Z.S., 
1869, p. 408, with figure ; Simpson P. Z. S., 1869, p. 507, pl. xli; Sterndale 
Mammi. Ind., p. 128. 

Aelurus ochraceus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p, 1118, pls. lii, liii (1847); id. 


F. A. S. B., xvii, pt. 2, pp. 475, 573- 
Aelurus fulgens, Flower P. Z. S., p. 752 (1870); Bartlett P.Z. S., 1870, p. 


769; Blanford Mammals, p. 190. 


The Cat-bear or Panda; Wah, Nepal; Wahdonka, Bhotea; Suk- 
nam, Lepcha. 


Distribution —Himalayas at 7,000 to 12,000 ft. from Nepai 
eastwards through Assam to Yunnan. 


This peculiar animal is very distinct from all other carnivora and 
forms a distinct genus, and according to some views a distinct 
family; recently, Prof. Boyd Dawkiris (Quat. Journ. Geol. Soc., 
xliv, p. 230) has described a new species (Ailurus anglicus) 
from the New Crag of Norfolk and Suffolk which is of pliocene 
age, this is a very interesting discovery since it extends the range 
of the genus Aelurus considerably and offers fresh evidence in 
support of the view that the pliocene Mammalia of Europe are closely 
related to those of the Oriental Region now living. 


a, Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
4.600 ft., 7-68. , 
b. Momien, Yunnan, J. Arderson. 


4,600 ft., 6-68, 


URSUS. 301 


e. Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson, 
4,600 ft., 7-68, 
ad, Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
4,600 ft., 6-68. 
e. Skin Sanda, Yunnan, 4,500 J. Anderson. 
ft., 7.68. 
Jf. Skin Sikkim, 11-71 T.R. Doucett. 
g. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
kh. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 
j. kin Sikkim P Purchased. 
k. Skin, skeleton saute Zoological Gardens. 
1. Skin, skeleton @ seenee Zoological Gardens. 
m, Skin Sikkim ? Purchased. 
a, Skin Sikkim P Purchased. 
o. Skin Sikkim P Purchased. 
p. Skin Sikkim ? Purchased. 
g. Stuffed Darjeeling B. Mainwaring. 
7 Skeleton @ Himalayas Zoological Gardens. 
s. Skeleton Fy usaaies Zoological Gardens. 
#. Skull ( ey . O.L. Fraser. 
mw Skull nee No history. 
v. Skin Nepal J. Scully. 


Genus AILUROPUS, 


Ailuropus, 4. Milne Edwards Arch. Mus, Paris, vii, Bulletin p. 88 (1871). 


Ailuropus melanoleucus. 


Ursus melanoleucus, David Arch. Mus. Paris, v, Bulletin p. 13 (1869). 

Ailuropoda melanoleucus, A. Milne Edwards Ann. Sc. Nat. (5), xiii, no. 
10 (1870). 

Ailuropus melanoleucus, A. Milne Edwards Arch. Mus. Paris, vii, Bull, p. 
92 (1871); id. Rech. Mamm., p. 321, pls. I-lvi. 
Distribution.—Mountains of Eastern Thibet. 


@ Skull (cast), aaa Paris Museum [Ex.] 


Genus URSUS. 


Ursus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 69 (1766). 
Helarctos, Horsfield Zool. Fourn., ii, p. 221 (1826). Type, U. malayanus, 


Key of the Indian Species. 


a. Upper molar equal in length to the two premolars immediately 
in front of it. 


4, Forehead concave ; fur generally whitish or grayish to brown; 
claws white or brown. U. isabellinus, p. 302. 


6?. Forehead flat; fur generally black with a broad white mark 
on the chest ; claws black. U. torquatus, p. 303. 


302 MAMMALIA. 


a. Upper molar equal in length to the one premolar immediately 
in front of it; skull with a very short nasal portion, the nose 
ferrugineus and the chest with a semi-lunar yellow patch. 


U. malayanus, p. 304. 


Ursus isabellinus. 


Ursus isabellinus, Horsfield Linn. Trans., xv. p. 332 (1826); Gray Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p.15; Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 570; Adams 
P.Z.S., 1858, p. 517; Blyth Cat. no. 224, p. 76; Ferdon Mamm., p. 69; 
Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 223; Atkinson N.-W. P., Gazett., Xi, p» 9; 
Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285.3 Scully P. Z.S., 1881, p. 203; Kinloch 
Large Game-shooting, i, p. 46. 

? Ursus syriacus, Hempr. & Ehr. Symb. Phys. pl. i (1828); Gray Cat. 
Carn. Mamm,, p. 224. 

? Ursus leuconyz, Severtzoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 43 (1876). 

Ursus pruinosus, Blanxford F.A.S,.B., xlvi, p. 318 (1877); Blyth F.A.S.B., 
xxii, p. 589. 

The Snow or Brown Bear also the Blue Bear ( = var. prui- 
nosus; Lal Bhalu, or Barfkarich, Hind,; Harpat of Kashmir; 
Drinmor of Ladak. : ; 

Distribution.—The higher ranges of the Himalayas, both north 
and south of the watershed, from Gilgit, eastwards to Assam. 

On comparing the skulls of Ursus isabellinus with those of the 
European and Northern Asiatic bear (U. arctos), the only apparent 
point of difference is that the forehead of the former species is 
distinctly concave, while that of the latter is flat, ze, the line 
between the postorbital processes and the nasal opening is in the 
case of U. arctos a straight one, and in the case of U. isabellinus a 
curved one, beyond this there does not seem to be any difference 
between the two species, and Blanford has in his Mammals of 
India combined the two under the name of Ursus arctus. 

In the Eastern Thibetan variety (U. pruinosus), the hair is black- 
ish or bluish, but it is hardly worthy of separation even as a 
geographical race. 


a. Skin enciees G. T. Lushington, 1847, 
A.S.B. 

6. Skin,skull uae ‘ Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858, 
A.S.B. 

e. Skin, skull veces Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858, 
A.S.B. 

d. Skin juv. Qs aseaee Zoological Gardens. 

e. Skin, skelet. ¢ fais Zoological Gardens. 

Jf Skin,skull @ uae . Zoological Gardens. 

gx Stuffed, skull = sueaue Zoological Gardens. 

juv. 

h. Stuffed juv. g aie ‘ Rajah R. Mullick. 

j- Skull é Seetet A. Campbell,.1856, A.S.B. 

&. Skull Q Kashmir T. Brownlow, 1856, A.S.B. 

1. Skull Kashmir Purchased, 1858, A.S.B. 


URSUS, 203 


m, Skeleton 9 aateae King of Oudh, 1865. 
n, Skull SC cr Zoological Gardens. 
ov. Skull g ets Babu H. M. Roy. 
p. Skin, skull g Napin, nr. Gilgit, J. Scully. 

29-10-79. 
q- Skin, skull 9 Gakuch, nr. Gilgit, J. Scully. 

22*10°79. 
y. Skull g  Sharot, nr. Gilgit J. Scully. 

Var.—pruinosus. 

a, Skin Thibet A. Campbell, A.S.B. 
’, Skin, skull pt. Lhassa W. T. Bianford. 


[Type of U. pruinosus, Blanford.] 


Ursus torquatus, 


Ursus thibetanus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr. xli (1824); Blyth 
Cat. no. 225, p. 76; Ferdon Mamm., p. 70; Radde Ost Siberien, i, p. 12; 
Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 230 and 621; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gazett., 
xi, p. 10; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. 
introd., p. xxi; Murray Sind Zool., p.39; id. Ann. Mag. N.H. (s), 
xiv, p. 98; Kinloch Large Game-shooting, i, p. 49. 

Helarctos malayanus, apud Hodgson F. A. S. B., i, p. 340 (1832). 

Ursus torquatus, Wagner Schreb. Sdéugeth. Suppl., ii, p.144, pl. 141d (1841) ; 
id. Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 570; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamma, p. 225; Blan- 
ford F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 320; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 113; Blanford 
Mammals, p. 197. 

Ursus ferox, Robinson Assam, p. 96 (1841). 

Helarctos thibetanus, Gray List Mamm, B. M., p. 73 (1843); id. Cat. 
Hodgs. Coil., 1st ed., p. 15; Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p.122; Adams 
P.Z.S., 1858, p. 518. 

Ursus formosianus, Swinhoe P. Z.S., p. 380 (1864). 

Ursus gedrosianus, Blanford $. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 317 (1877); id. P. A. B,, 
1879, p. 4- 


The Black Bear; Harpat in Kashmir; Mumh in Baluchistan; 
Bhalu Reench or Reech, Hind.; Thom, Bhotea; Sona, Lepcha. 

Distribution.—From Baluchistan and the Khirthar hills in Sind 
(Blanford) to Kashmir (Hugel) and so along the entire range of 
the Himalayas to Assam, extending southwards through Burma as 
far as Mergui; and eastwards through China to Shantung and 
the Islands of Hainan and Formosa (Swinhoe) and South-Eastern 
Siberia. 


a. Skin sua Zoological Gardens, 
6. Skin Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
1,700 ft. ; 
c. Skin Assam, 27-6-72 S. E, Peal. 
d Skin, skull ¢ veeaee L. C Griesbach. 
e. Stuffed tenses No history. 
Jf. Skeleton series No history. 
g. Skull Assam F. Jenkins, 1847, A.S.B. 
A, Skull aida No history, A.\S:B. 
Jj. Skull aleias H. H. Godwin Austen, 


304 MAMMALIA. 


k, Skull Mand Hills, Baluchistan Karachi Mus. [Ex.]. 
2. Skull @ Mand Hills, Baluchistan Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 

m, Skull @ Mand Hills, Baluchistan Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 

n, Skull Himalayas - Rajah R. Mullick. 

o. Skeleton aeeiails Zoological Gardens, 
p Skull g ages Zoological Gardens, 

g. Skull Zoological Gardens, 

7, Skin, skull. No history. 


Ursus malayanus, 


Ursus malayanus, Rafies Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 254 (1820); Blyth Cat. no. 
226, p. 76; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 32; Me- 
Master Notes on Ferdon, p. 10; Blanford Mammals, p. 199. 

Prochilus malayanus, Gray Ann. Phil., p. 61 (1825)*. 

Helarctos malayanus, Horsfield Zool. Fourn., ii, p. 234 (1826); id. Cu. 
E.I. Mus., p. 122; Cantor F. A. S. B. xv, p. 191; Gray Cat. Carn. 
Mamm., p. 234; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 30. 

Helarctos euryspilus, Horsfield Zool. Fourn., ii, p. 234 (1826). 


The Malayan Bear; Wetwoon, Burmese ; Bruang, Malay. 

Distribution.—Garo Hills, Assam, Chittagong, Arakan, Tenas- 
serim, Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Sumatra, Java and Borneo 
(Temminck). 


a. Skin, skull 9  Sibsagar, Assam Zoological Gardens. 
b. Skin, skull @ uuen Zoological Gardens. 
c. Skin, skelet. Assam H. Phillips. 

d, Skin, skelet. 9 tes Rajah R. Mullick. 


e. Skin, skull. 9 anes W. Rutledge. 
Ff: Skin, skull ¢ Garo Hills, Assam Zoological Gardens 


g. Skin soeees No history. 
h, Skin Java Captain Scholefield, A.S.B. 
j. Skin, skull Arakan Sir A, Phayre, 1845, A.S.B. 
k. Stuffed, skull Sumatra W. Rutledge. .- 
juv. g 
1, Stuffed, skull sass H. W. Bennett, 1853, A.S.B. 
juv. < 
m. Skull g = Malay peninsula No history. 
nv, Skull juv. Arakan Hills Zoological Gardens, 
o. Skin, skull, eaeinen W. Rutledge. 
juv. 2 
p. Skin tenes No history, 1885. 


Ursus arctos. 


Ursus arctos, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 69 (1766); Blyth Cat. no. 
223, p. 75; Radde Ost Siberien., i,p.1; Schrenck Amurland Séugeth., 
p. 8; Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 275 ; Gunther P. Z. S., 1880, p. 442. 

Ursus pyrenaicus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. live. xliv (1824). 

Ursus collaris, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr. xlii (1824). 

Ursus ferox, apud Temminck and Schlegel Faun. Mamm. Fap., p- 29 (1850). 


Distribution.—Europe, Northern Asia, Asia Minor (Northern 
pt.), Amurland (Schrenck), Kurile Isles (Gunther) and Yesso. 


URSUS. 305 


a. Stuffed gf Europe Purchased, 1869. 
6. Skull a Norway Christiania Univ.,1846, 
j AS.B. 
c. Skull g Norway Christiania Univ., 1846, 
A.S.B. 
d Skeleton @ seers Babu H. M. Roy. 
e. Skull stead H. F. Blanford, 1863, A.S.B. 
F. Skull Japan Hakodate Mus. Yesso [E.] 


Ursus japonicus, 


Ursus tibetanus, apud Temminck and Schlegel Faun. Fap. Mamm., p. 29 
(1850). 

Ursus japonicus, Schlegel Handleid Beoefning Dierk., pt. 1 p. 42 (1857)*; 
P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1862, p. 261, pl. xxxii; Gunther P.Z.S., 1880, p. 442; 
Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 227. 


Distribution.—Japan. 
a. Skin Q Japan O. L. Fraser, Esq., 1886. 


Ursus americanus. 


Ursus americanus, Pallas Spic. Zool., xiv, p. 5 (1780); Gray Cat.Carn* 
Mamm., p. 229. 

Ursus niger americanus, Schinz Synop. Mamm.,i, p. 301 (1844). 

Ursus cinnamoneus, Baird Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv ., ii, Mamm., p. 
29 (1859)*. 


Distributionw—North America from Alaska southwards to 
Mexico. 


a. Skull Beeies E. Blyth, 1865, A.S.B, 
6. Skull ages W. Theobald, 1868. 


Ursus maritimus. 


Ursus maritimus, Evzleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 160 (1777); Blyth Cat. 
no. 222, p. 75. 

Ursus polaris, Shaw Mus. Leverianum, i, p. 7 (1792)*. 

Ursus marinus, Pallas Jtin., iii, p. 691 (1793)*. 

Thalarctos polaris, Gray Ann. Philos., p. 62 (1825)*. 

Thalarctos maritimus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 73 (1843). 

Thalassarctos maritimus, Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 218 (1869). 


Distribution —Circum-polar, Arctic coasts of Europe, Asia and 
America, 


a. Skin, skelet. 9 dents W Rutledge. 

& Skull as E. Blyth, 1865, A.S.B. 

e. Skull Greenland Copenhagen Mus., A.S.B. 
d. Skull Greenland Aberdeen University, 


Ww 


306 MAMMALIA. 


Genus MELURSUS. 


Melursus, Meyer Uebers. neust. Zool. Entdeck, p. 155, (1793)*. 
Prochilus, J/tiger Prodr., p. 109 (1811). 


Melursus ursinus. 


Bradypus ursinus, Shaw and Nodder Natur. Miscell., ii, pl. lviii (1791) ; id 
Genl. Zool., i, pt. 1, p. 159. 

Melursus lybius, Meyer Uebers. neust. Zool. Entdeck., p. 155 (1793)*; 
Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 15. 

Prochilus ursinus, Jdliger Prod7., p. 109 (1811). 

Ursus labiatus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 74 (1817)*; Sykes P.Z.S., 
1831, p. 100; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 100 ; Tickell Calc. fourn, N.H., 
i, p. 190, pl. vii; Blyth Cat. no. 227, p. 77; Ferdon Mamm., p. 72; 
McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p.12; Stoliczka F. A. S. B., xli, p. 226; 
Atkinson N.-W. P. Gasett., xi, p. 11; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 119. 

Ursus longirostris, Tiedemann Abhandl., p. 4 (1820)*. ~ 

Prochilus labiatus,Gray Ann. Philos., p. 60 (1825)* ; Kelaart Prodr. Faun, 
Zeylan., p. 34- 

Ursus inornatus, Pucheran Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), vii, p. 392 (1855). 

Melursus labiatus, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 237 (1869). 

Melursus ursinus, Blanford Mammals, p. 201 (1888). 


The Sloth Bear; Aswail, Mahrathi; Kaddi, Canarese; Rinch, 
Deccani; Oosa, Cingalese; Ballu Riksha, Sanskrit; Reech, 
Hindustani; Bhalu, Bhaluk, Bengali; Yerid, Gonds ; Banna, Kols ; 
Elugu, Telegu. 

Distribution.— Over the whole Peninsula of India and Ceylon 
(Kelaart). It is apparently found in Cutch:but not in Sind or in the 
Himalayas, eastwards it extends to Lower Bengal and apparently 
to Assam. 

The Indian Bear is very distinct from the other bears, both in 
its distribution and its morphological characteristics. It is confined 
to the Peninsula of India strictly speaking, while the other Indian 
bears are all extra-peninsular ; it is distinguished from the other 
Indian bears by its very elongated snout ; by its very small cheek- 
teeth and by its concave and curved palate. 

Of the two fossil] bears found in India, one Ursus theobaldi 
from the Siwaliks [Pal. Ind. (20), ii, p. 211] is distinctly allied to 
Melursus ursinus. 


a. Skin seneee No history. 

6. Skin eaagee No history. 

c. Skin, skelet. cilise W. Rutledge. 

juv. 9 
d. Stuffed, juv. aise W. Rutledge. 
e. Skull @ Umsuing nr. Shillong, J. Cockburn. 
Assam, 
Ff. Skeleton canneee No history, A.S.B. 
» Skull tere R. C. Beavan, 1864, A.S.B. 


why 


. Skull whee Dr. McCosh, A.S.B. 


_PHOCA. 307 


jel. 3 Skulls sennee No history, A. S. B. 
m. Skull Ceylon E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. 
n-o. 2 Skulls tonnes A.S.B. 
. Skeleton 9 sevees Purchased, 
g. Stuffed g Chota Nagpore V. Ball. 
vy. Skull juv. egies No history, A. S. B. 
s. Skull juv, seeaee Maharajah of Burdwan, 
oeenes 1858, A.S.B. 
#, Skull juv. g tonane Purchased, 
#. Skull vs V. Ball, 1869. 
v. Skeleton ore No history, A.S.B. 


Sub-order II—PINNIPEDIA. 


Genus TRICHECHUS. 
Trichechus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., t2thed.,i, p. 49 (1766). 


Trichechus rosmarus., 


Trichechus rosmarus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p 49 (1766) ; Blyth 
Cat. no. 232, p. 79. 

esa rosmarus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Oefvers., p. 442 
1859). 

Rosmarus trichechus, Lamont Seasons with the Sea-horses, p. 141 (1861)*. 

Rosmarus obesus, Gill Proc. Essex Inst., v, p. 13 (1866). 

eae arcticus, Lilljeborg Fauna Gfvers Swer. och Norg, Ryg., p. 674 
1874)*. 


The Walrus. 
Distribution—North Atlantic shores of North America from 
Labrador northwards, Greenland ; Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla. 


a. Skull & Greenland Copenhagen Mus, 1839, 
AS.B. 

6. Skull 9 Sssiaee Copenhagen Mus, 1899, 
A.S.B. 

e. Skull No history. 

d, Tusk 2 asda No history, A.S.B. 


Genus PHOCA. 
Phoca, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. §5 (1766). 


Phoca vitulina. 


Phoca vitulina, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 56 (1766). 
Callocephalus vitulinus, F. Cuvier Dict. Sci. Nat., xxxix, p. 544 (1826); Blyth 
Cat. no. 228, p. 77. 
Phoca canina, Pallas Zoog. Rosso Asiat., i, p. 114 (1831). 
Halicyon richardii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 28 (1864). 
_Phoca pealei, Gill Proc. Essex Inst., v, p. 13 (1866), 


308 MAMMALIA. 


Distribution —The North Atlantic and Pacific coasts, from 
Japan to Southern California and from New Jersey round to Spain. 


a. Skull @ Greenland Copenhagen Mus. 1839, A.S.B. 


Phoca grenlandica. 


Phoca greenlandica, Fatvicius in Miller's Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. viii (1776)*. 

Phoca oceanica, Lepechin Act. Acad. Petrop., i, pt. 1, p. 259 (1778). 

Phoca albicauda, Desmarest Mamm. Supfl., p. 541 (1822). 

Callocephalus grcenlandicus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p. 186 (1824) ; 
Blyth Cat. no. 230, p. 78. 

Phoca legura, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 3rd ed., v, p. 238 (1825)*. 

Phoca dorsata, Pallas Zoogr. Rosso. As., i, p. 112 (1831). 

Pagophilus greenlandicus, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., i, p. 25 (1850). 


Distribution.—North Atlantic and Pacific, Newfoundland to 
Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla and the Arctic 
coast of Europe; also Northern Pacific, Kamschatka and Sitka. 


a, Skull é Greenland Copenhagen Mus., A.S.B. 
6. Skull 2 Greenland Copenhagen Mus., A.S.B. 
Phoca barbata. 


Phoca barbata, Fabricius in Miller's Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. viii (1776)* ; 
Blyth Cat, no. 231, p. 78. 

Phoca leporina, Lepechin Act. Acad. Petrop., i, pt. i, pe 264 (1778). 

Callocephalus barbatus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p..189 (1824). 

Phoca albigena, Pallas Zoogr. Rosso As., i, p. 109 (1831). 

Phoca nautica, Pallas Zoogr. Rosso As., i, p. 108 (1831). 

Erignathus barbatus, Gill Proc. Essex Inst., v, p. 12 (1866). 


Distribution.—Circum-polar but northerly in its range, southern 
limits, Labrador and Scandinavia on the Atlantic, Amur River and 
Sitka on the Pacific side. 


a. Skull g Greenland Copenhagen Mus., 1839, 
‘ A y 


Genus STENORHYNCHUS. 
Stenorhynchus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p. 190 (1824). 


Stenorhynchus carcinophagus. 


Phoca carcinophaga, Hombron and $¥acquinot in Dumont d’Urville, Voy: 
au Péle Sud, Atlas, Mamm., pls. x. and x a (1842. 

Stenorhynchus serridens, Owen Ann. Mag. N. F., xil, p. 331 (1843). 

Lobodon carcinophaga, Gray Zool. Ereb, and Terr., p. 5 (1844). 


MACRORHINUS, 309 


Distribution.—Antarctic Seas. 
a. Skull Antarctic Ocean Brit. Mus, [Ex.] 


Genus CYSTOPHORA, 
Cystophora, Nilsson Skand. Fauna, i, p. 382 (1820)*. 


Cystophora cristata. 


Phoca cristata, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 590 (1777). 

Cystophora borealis, Nilsson Skand. Faun., p. 383 (1820)*. 

Stemmatopus cristatus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p. 196 (1824). 
Phoca mitrata, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 3rd ed., v, p. 210 (1825)*. 

Mirounga cristata, Gray Griffith's An. Kingd., v, p. 179 (1827). 
Cystophora cristata, Nilsson K. Vetens, Akad. Handl. (1837)*; Blyth Cat. 


NO. 233, p. 79+ 
Cystophora antillarum, Gray P. Z.S., p. 93 (1849). 


Distribution.—Northern parts of the Atlantic Ocean from La- 
brador to Norway. 


a, Skull 3 senens Copenhagen Mus., 1839, 
cai . A.S. B. 
6. Ska g veeras openhagen Mus., 18 
“4 A. S. B. oan 
e Skull juv. Saas Copenhagen Mus. 18 
A.S. B. bare 


Genus MACRORHINUS. 


Macrorhinus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p. 200 (1824). 


Macrorhinus leoninus. 


Phoca leonina, Linnaus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. 55 (1766). 

Phoca elephantina, Molina Saggio sul Stor. Nat. del Chili, p. 280 (1782)*. 

Phoca proboscidea, Peron Voy. aux Terr. Austr., ii, p. 34 (1817) *; Blyth Cat, 
no. 234, p. 79. ‘ 

Phoca byroni, Desmarest Mamm., p. 240 (1820). 

Phoca ansoni, Desmarest Mamm., p. 239 (1820) [in part]. 

Mirounga patagonica, Gray Griffith's Anim. Kingd., v, p. 180 (1827). 

Cystophora leonina, falklandica, proboscidea, et kerguelensis, Peters Mo- 
natsber. Akad. Berlin, p. 394 (1875). i 


Distribution.—Antarctic and Southern seas, 7.¢., Kerguelen, 
Falkland, Patagonia, Juan Fernandez. 


a. Upper canine oe C K. Hamilton, 1860, 
AS.B. 


310 MAMMALIA, 


Order CETACEA. 


Marine rarely fluviatile Mammals, with a thick, hairless skin and a 
flattened caudal fin;a certain number of the seven cervical vertebra 
confluent ; no sacrum ; only very few of the ribs are provided witha 
capitulum or are connected with the sternum; no clavicles; the 
forelimbs are not provided with nails and form broad flattened 
paddles ; the traces of the hind limb are scanty and entirely inter- 
nal; the brain case is spheroidal, with broad basis cranii; the fused 
supraoccipitals and interparietals generally meet the frontals in 
front and separate the small laterally placed parietals from one 
another ; a large supraorbital present ; nasal bones very short, not 
covering the ventral nasal passages; rami of mandible with no 
ascending process; dentition homodont, monophyodont, teeth with 
single roots ; pinna auris absent ; stomach complex; salivary glands 
absent; kidneys lobulate; os penis not present ; mammz inguinal 
two in number ; placenta diffuse. 

Our knowledge of the Indian Cetacea is primarily due to Blyth, 
who wrote a paper in the Journal of the Asiatic Society, Vol. 
XXVIII, describing all the remains of Cetacea from Indian seas 
which he had been able to secure for the Museum of the Asiatic 
Society ; secondly, to Anderson, who in his Anatomical and Zoolo- 
gical Researches, gives a complete account of the two fresh-water 
Dolphins of Indian Rivers, and of the skeleton of the fin-back whale 
found in the Indian Ocean; and, lastly, to Owen, who (Trans. Zool. 
Soc., Vol. VI) described the remains of a large number of Indian 
Cetacea collected by Sir W. Elliot on the Madras Coast. 

The following synopsis is entirely based on the various writings of 
Prof. Flower, of which the chief are the papers in the Transactions 
of the Zoological Society, Vol. VI, in the Proceedings for 1883, and 
the articles Mammalia and Whales in the Encyclopedia Britannica, 


Synopsis of Indian Genera, 


a. Teeth never functionally developed ; upper jaws provided with 
plates of baleen; external respiratory aperture double; rami 
of mandible arched outwards; the anterior ends connected by 
fibrous tissue only ; sternum a single piece connected with one 
pair of ribs only [ = Mystacoceti]. Balenoptera, p. 313. 


a*, Teeth present and functional ; no baleen; external Tespiratory 
aperture single; rami of the mandible straight, the anterior 
ends forming a true symphysis ; sternum of several pieces and 
connected with several pairs of ribs. [ =Odontoceti.] 


4, Costal cartilages not ossified ; hinder ribs loose the tubercular 
and retain the capitular articulation with the vertebra ; 


CETACEA. 311 


cervical vertebree ankylosed together ; no functional teeth in 
the upper jaw; pectoral limbs small; dorsal fin usually 
present. 


c. Teeth in lower jaw, 20 to 25 in number; rostrum greatly 
elongated; mandible long and narrow, the symphysis 
occupying more than half the length of the ramus. 

Physeter, p. 314. 


¢*, Teeth in the lower jaw, 9to 12 in number; rostrum short, 

not exceeding the cranium in length; mandibular 
symphysis less than half the length of the ramus, 

' Kogia, p. 315. 


2". Costal cartilages not ossified; the tubercular and capitular 
articulation of thé ribs blending posteriorly; cervical verte- 
brze all free ; mandibular symphysis very long, exceeding 
half the length of the ramus; dorsal fin rudimentary ; eye 
rudimentary ; fluviatile or estuarine. Platanista, p. 315. 


é3, Costal cartilages firmly ossified ; posterior ribs lose their capi- 
tular articulation and are united to the transverse processes 
of the vertebrze by the tubercular process ; some of the ante- 
rior cervical vertebrz generally ankylosed ; numerous teeth 
in both jaws; symphysis of mandible short or moderate, not 


exceeding 2 of the ramus; dorsal fin usually present. 
[= Delphinide.] 


d, With rounded head ; no distinct rostrum or beak ; in the 
skull the rostral equals the cranial portion in length ; 
atlas and axis firmly united; pterygoids small and 
widely separated. 


e. Crowns of the teeth laterally compressed ; teeth }§ to 
22; no dorsal fin. Neomeris, p. 318. 


e*. Crowns of the teeth conical and pointed. 


f. Pterygoid bones widely separated from one another; 
teeth 12 to 1+ small, occupying the whole length 
of the rostrum. Orcella, p. 318. 


f°. Pterygoid bones normal, meeting in the middle 
line; teeth 2 to 8 occupying only the anterior 

part of the rostrum; dorsal fin low and triangular. 
Globicephalus, p. 319. 


f®. Pterygoid bones normal, meeting in the middle 
line; teeth small 23 to 38, not exceeding 4 mm. 
in diameter; rostrum slightly exceeding in length 

the cranium, 
Lagenorhynchus, p. 21. 


312 MAMMALIA. 


@, With distinctly elongated rostrum generally marked off 
from the antenarial adipose elevation by a V-shaped 
groove; the rostral considerably exceeds the cranial 
portion of the skuli in length; atlas and axis united, 
other cervical vertebre free. 


g. Pterygoid bones normal, meeting in the middle 
line. 

A. Palate with deep lateral grooves; symphysis of 

lower jaw short; teeth small not exceeding 

3 mm. in diameter and 49 to 89 in number. 

Delphinus, p. 321. 


h®, Palate not grooved; symphysis of mandible 

short; teeth stout 6 to 7 mm. in antero- 
posterior diameter, 3} to 22 in number. 

Tursiops, p. 323.. 

hs, Palate not grooved; symphysis of mandible 

short; teeth $8 to £8, small not exceeding 3 

mm. in diameter. Prodelphinus, p. 324. 


h*. Palate not grooved ; symphysis of the mandi- 
ble longer than 3th the length of the ramus; 
rostrum long and narrow; teeth 23 to 28, 
large 5 to 6 mm. in diameter. 

Steno, p. 324. 

g*. Pterygoid bones narrow, separated inthe middle 
line, their inner borders diverging posteriorly ; 
teeth 39 to $8 in number, 4 to 5 mm. in dia- 
meter. Sotalia. p. 325. 


Genus BALAENA, 
Balena, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 105 (1766). 


Balaena australis. 


Balena australis, Desmoulins Dict. Class, H. N., ii, p. 161 (1822); Blyth, 
F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 488; id. Cat. no. 200, p. 94; Flower P. Z. S., 
1864, p. 390; id. List Cetacea B. M., p. 1. 

The Southern Right Whale. 
Distribution.—Southern Seas. 


Bp Beeps } sate No history, A.S.B. 


3 vertebra 
Balaena mysticetus. 


Balaena mysticetus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12thed., i, p. 105 (1766) ; Blyth Cat. 
no, 289, p.93; Flower P.Z. S., 1864, p. 390; id. List Cetacea B. M., p.t 


BALAENOPTERA. 313 


The Greenland Right Whale. 
Distribution.—Arctic Seas. 


a. Aflake of Baleen saa Dr. McGowan, 1860, 
A.S.B. 


Genus BALAENOPTERA. 
Balaenoptera, Lacépéde Hist. Nat. Cétacés Tab. Ordres, p. xxxvi (1804)*. 


The Whales inhabiting the Northern Indian Ocean were first 
investigated by Blyth who described, from the remains catalogued 
below, Balaenoptera indica; Anderson (see below) believes that 
there are at least 3 species of Finback whales found in the Indian 
seas. Balaenoptera indica, the largest about 84 feet in length ; a 
median-sized whale, whose existence is only indicated by certain 
vertebre now in the Museum, attaining a length of about 60 feet 
for which he proposed the name Balaenoptera blythi; and a small 
species not exceeding 40 feet, which is founded on the nearly 
complete skeleton of the Sittang Whale (see below), for which the 
‘name B. edeniis proposed ; these whales all seem to be closely al- 
lied to a species, Balaenoptera schlegelii, described by Prof. Flower 
(P. Z. S., 1864, p. 400) from Java and afterwards described and 
figured in great detail by Van Beneden and Gervais in the Osteo. 
graphie des Cétacés ; they donot seem to differ from one another 
at all except in size, 


Balaenoptera indica. 


Balaenoptera sp., Blyth $. A. S. B., xxi, p. 358 (1852); id. F. A. S. B., xxii, 
P. 414. 

Balaenoptera indica, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 488 (1859); id. F. 4. S. B, 
xxix, p. 451; id. Cat. no. 288, p. 93; Ferdon Mamm., p. 161; Anderson 
Anat. Zool. Res., p. 551; Murray Zool, Sind, p. 41. 


Distributione—The Bay of Bengal and the northern part of the 
Indian Ocean ; this is probably also the whale recorded from 
the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf. 


a, Lower jaws, ee 
radius, 1st, 2n 
oth, ath lntbar, yar ie Isle, Arakan T. P. Sparks, A.S.B. 
3rd caudal verte- . 
brae and 1 rib. 


[Type of Balaenoptera indica, Blyth.] 


b, Pt. of skull, atlas, 
1 lumbar 2 cau- 
dal, body of a 
dorsal vertebra, ie Sondip Isle, Babu Uday Chand 
3 ribs, right * nr, Chittagong, 11-74. Dutt. 
shoulder girdle, 
hyoid and some 


epiphyses. 


314 MAMMALIA. 


Balaenoptera blythi. 
Balaenoptera blythi, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 564 (1878). 
Distribution.—? Bay of Bengal. 


a4 bis ae ? Bay of Bengal Medical College [Ex.], 1879. 
iri 
[Type of Balaenoptera blythi, Anderson.} 


Balaenoptera edeni., 
Balaenoptera edeni, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. §51, pl. xliv (1878). 


Distribution.—Only known from the Bay of Bengal. 


Thaybyoo Choung, Gulf Sir A. Eden and Major 


ribs and one pec- 
of Martaban, Burma, Duff. 


toral arch re- 


«. Skeleton =| 
stored in plaster. 


[Type of B. edeni, Anderson.] 


b. Skeleton al- Sidhi Isle, Noakholly C.E.F. Tonnerre. 
most com- Dist., 1-go. 


plete. 
Cm Skull Arakan Coast (Prof. Medical Coll. Mus. [Ex.] 
Walker). 


Genus PHYSETER. 
Physeter, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 107 (1766). 


Physeter macrocephalus. 


Physeter macrocephalus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 107 (1766); 
Blyth $. A. S. B., xxix, p. 452; Blyth Cat. no. 287, p. 93; Flower Trans, 
Zool. Soc., vi, p. 309, pls. lv, lvi; Flower List Cetacea B. M., p. 8. 


The Cachalot or Sperm Whale. 

Distribution.—The temperate seas of the Northern and Southern 
Hemispheres ; it has been recorded (Blyth /.c.) from the seas round 
Ceylon and the Malabar Coast; and a specimen about 24 feet 
long was washed ashore at Madras in January 1889, the skull 
of which has been preserved in the Madras Museum; the lower 
jaw contained 23 functional teeth and above imbedded in the gum 
were 12 rudimentary teeth on either side. 


a-c. 3 Teeth seared No history, A.S.B. 
d. Small tooth ren R. C. Tytler, 1864, A.S.B. 
ef. 2 Teeth Australia C. S. Guthrie, 1867. 


g. Tooth Mauritius S. R. Elson. 


PLATANISTA. 315 


Genus KOGIA, 


Kogis, Gray Zool. Eveb. and Terr., p. 22 (1846). 
Euphysetes, Wall Hist. and Descript. New Sperm Whale, Sydney (1851)*. 


Kogia breviceps. 


Physeter breviceps, Blainville Ann. Anat. Phys., ii, p. 337 (1838)*. 

Kogia breviceps, Gray Zool, Eveb, and Terr., p. 22 (1846); Flower List 
Cetacea B. M., p. 9. 

Euphysetes gray1, Wall Hist. and Descript. New Sperm Whale, Sydney 
(1851)*. 

Euphysetes simus, Owen Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p. 30, pls. X-xiv (1865). 


Distribution —The temperate and tropical seas of both hemi- 
spheres ; was procured by Sir W. Elliot at Waltair near Madras. 


(No specimens in the Indian Museum.] 


Genus PLATANISTA. 
Platanista, G. Cuvier Oss. Foss., 3rd ed., v, pt. i, p. 279 (1824)# 


Platanista gangetica. 


Delphinus gangeticus, Lebeck N. Schrift. Ges. naturf. Freunde, iii, p. 280 
(1801)* ; Roxburgh As. Res., vii, p. 170, pl. v; Home Phil. Trans., 1818, 
p- 417, pl. xx; Lesson Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 215. 

Gelphinus rostratus, Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt. 2, p. 514 (1801). 

Delphinus shawensis, Blainville N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat.,ix, p. 153 (1817). 

Platanista gangetica, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 3rd ed , v, pt.i, p. 279, pl. xxii, figs. 
8to 10, pl. xxiii, fig. 19 (1824)* ; Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xxiv ; Cuvier 
Hist. Nat. Cét., pl. viii, fig. 2*; Fardine Nat, Libr. Mamm., vi, p. 254, 
pl. xxviii; McClelland Calc. Fourn. N. H., i, p. 425; Eschricht Naturud, 
Kong. danske, videns. Selskab. (5), ii, p. 347* ; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 
139 3 Eschricht Ann. Mag. N. H.,(2) ix, pp. 161, 279, pls. v, vi, viii ; Blyth 
F.A.S. B., xxviii, p. 492; id. Cat. no. 286, p.92; Ferdon Mamm. no 
144, p. 158; Flower Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p,87; Anderson Anat. Zool, 
Res., p. 417, pls. xxv, etct.; Flower List Cetacea B. M.,p. 12. 

Platanista indi, Blyth ¥. A. S.B., xxviii, p. 493 (1859); id. Cat. no. 285, p. 
92; Fferdon Mammals, no. 145, p. 159; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 40. 


The Gangetic Dolphin; Susa, Sous, Sunsar in the Ganges; Bulhan 
in Sind ; Hihoo, Sihoo, Huh in Assam. 

Distribution, — The Ganges and its tributaries, including the Bra- 
mapootra and the Cachar Rivers and the Karnaphuli River of 
Chittagong ; the Indus and its tributaries, all from their exit from 
the hills to their mouths. 


a. Stuffed @ iene A. Duvancel, A.S.B. 
_ 6, Stuffed 9? aaa _E. Blyth, 1843, A.S.B. 


316 


ec. Stuffed 
juv. 
d. Stuffed 
e. Skeleton 
J. Skeleton 
g- Skeleton 
h. Skeleton 
j- Skeleton 
k. Skeleton 
2, Skeleton 
(skull in 
spirit). 
m, Skeleton 
n. Skeleton 
juv. 
o. Skeleton 


WWwKKBRO 40 


OO» 


~ juv. 
p. Skeleton 


Ce 


juv. 
q. Skeleton 
ju. g 
r-t. 3 Skeletons 
of juv. 
and 9. 
u. Skeleton 9 
v. Skeleton 
w. Skeleton 
juv. 
x. Skeleton 
juv. 
y-2 2 Skeletons 
a’, pt. of skele- 


ton. 


&, Skeleton 


mted. 
¢3.d3, 2 Skulls 
e, Skull juv. 
f?. Skull 
g3. Skull 


#7, Skull juv. 


a’, Brain 23, Coecum 
F*. Placenta and foetal membranes. 


e8, Penis 


MAMMALIA, 


Sutlej River 

Hughli River, 19-7-66 
_12-8-66 
16-8-66 
23-8-66 
” 1 12-2-67 
13-2-67 


” ” 


” ” 24-2-69 
29-10-76 


Bansi Creek, N.-W. of 
Dacca,16-7-67. 

Gauhati, Assam, 
4-12-69. 

Cachar, 26-10-67 


Indus River 


Baraset, 5-8-67 


Hughli ? 

Dacca 

Chupra, Sarun Dist. 
Indus 


E. Blyth, 1849, A.S.B. 
G.E. Wakefield, 1867. 
J. Anderson, ia 
J. Anderson. 
J. Anderson. 
J. Anderson, 
]. Anderson. 
J. Anderson. 


J. Anderson. 

J. Anderson. 
Coms. Police. 

J. Wood Mason, 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 


Purchased. 


A. L. Clay. 

J. Butcher. 

Sir J. Edgar. 
Karachi Mus. [Ex.] 


No history. 
No history. 


H. Clark. 


N. Wallich, A.S.B. 
A. L. Clay. 

C. B. Garrett. 

Sir A. Burnes, A.S.B. 


[Type of P. indi of Blyth.] 


Anatomical. 


No history. 


c8. Kidney, d°. Generative organs. 


g’. Skeleton in spirit. 


Genus MONODON. 
Monodon, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, Pp. 105 (1766). 


PHOCAENA. 317 


Monodon 'monoceros. 


Monodon monoceros, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p, 105 (1766); Blyth 
Cat. no. 276, p. 90; Flower P. Z. S , 1883, p- 504 ; id. List Cetacea B. M., 
Pp» 14. 

The Narwhal. 
Distribution.—Arctic Seas, north of 65° N. lat. 
a. Skelet. mtd. Lancaster Sound (Capt. Dundee Mus, [Ex.] 
McLennan in Steam- 
whaler Narwhal, 7-76). 
&. Tooth savas va Lumsden, 1820, 


Genus DELPHINAPTERUS. 


Delphinapterus, Lacépéde Hist. Nat, Cétacés Tabl, des Ord., p. xli (1804)*, 
Beluga, Gray Spiceleg. Zool., p. 2 (1828). 


Delphinapterus leucas. 


Delphinus leucas, Pallas Reise, iii, p. 85 (1776)*- 

Balaena albicans, O. F. Miiller Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. 7 (1776)*. 

Delphinapterus beluga, Lacépéde Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 243 (1804)*. 

Beluga catodon, Gray Zool. Ereb. & Terr., p. 29 (1846) ; Blyth Cat. no. 
2752 P- 90. 

Delphinapterus leucas, Flower P.Z.S., p- 505 (1883); id. List Cetacea 
B. M., p. 14. 
The White Whale. 


Distribution —Arctic Seas and perhaps the Australian coasts 
(Delphinus kingi of Gray). 


a, Skull Greenland Copenhagen Mus., 1840, A.S.B. 


Genus PHOCAENA. 
Phocaena, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., 1st ed.,i, p. 279 (1817). 


Phocaena communis. 


Delphinus phocaena, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p. 108 (1766), 
. Phocaena communis, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 413 (1827); Blyth Cat, no. 271, 
p. 88; Flower P. Z. S., 1883, p. 505; id. List Cetacea B. M., p. 15. , 


Distribution.— Coasts of tbe North Atlantic, both European and 
American, the species found in the North Pacific is probably dis- 
tinct. 


a-b, 2 Skulls Greenland eopeiegen Mus, [Ex.] 
: 0B 


é Skalcton Christiania Univ., A.S.B. 


318 MAMMALIA. 


Genus NEOMERIS, 
Neomeris, Gray Zool, Erebus and Terr., p. 30 (1846). 


Neomeris phocaenoides. 


Delphinus phocaenoides, G. Cuvier Reg. Anim., ond ed., i, p. 291 (1820)*, 

Delphinus melas, Temminck and Schlegel Faun. fap. Mamm., p. 14, pls 
XXv, Xxvi (1850). 

Neomeris phocaenoides, Gray Zool. Erebus and Terv., p. 30 (1846); 
Blyth F. A.S. B., xxix, p. 449; id. Cat. no, 272, p. 89; Flower P. Z.S., 
1883, pe 506. 

Delphinapterus molagan, Owen Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p.24 (1869). 


Distribution.—Is recorded from the seas of Japan, the Bay of 
Bengal and the Cape of Good Hope. 

A second species from Karachi harbour which, however, does 
not seem to differ in any essential manner from the present species, 
has been described by Murray (Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), xiii, p. 348) 
under the name of Neomeris kurrachiensis, (see also J. Bomb. N. 
H. Soc., i, p. 159, with plate), 

a. Skeleton ¢ Bay of Bengal Calcutta Bazaar [P.] A.S.B. 

6, Stuffed tones No history. 


Genus ORCELLA. 


Orcealla, Gray Cat. Seals and Whales, p. 285 (1866). 
Orcella, Anderson P. Z. S., p. 142 (1871). 


Synopsis of the two Indian Species. 


@. Dorsal fin lower and more falcate; pectoral fins shorter and 
broader. QO. brevirostris, p. 318. 


@*, Dorsal fin higher and less falcate; pectoral fin longer and 
narrower ; skin marked with streaks. 
O. fluminalis, p. 319. 


Orcella brevirostris. 


Globiocephalus indicus, [pt.], apud Blyth $. A. S.B., xxi, p. 358 (1852); 
id. F. A. S.B., xxviii, p. 490; id. Cat, no. 274,p. 89; Ferdon Mammals, 
no. 146, p. 160. 

ee brevirostris, Owen Trans. Zool, Soc., vi, p. 24, pl. ix, figs, 1, 2, 3 

I . 

Orca (Orcaella), brevirostris, Gray Cat. Seals Whales B. M., p- 285 (1866). 

Orcella brevirostris, Anderson P.Z.S., p. 143 (1871) ; id. Anat. Zool. Res., p- 
369, pl. xxv, etct.; Flower P. Z.S,, 1883, p. 507; id. List Cetacea, B. M., 
p. 17. 


GLOBICEPHALUS. 319 


Distrit stion.—Estuaries of the rivers flowing into the Bay of 
Bengal, recorded from Vizagapatam, the Hughli and Singapore. 


a. Stuffed, skull HughliR.,Serampore G. T. Lushington, A.S.B. 
é. Skull Chilka Lake, Orissa L. Schwendler, 1875. 
e. Skull Chilka Lake, Orissa W. C. Taylor. 
ad, Skull Amherst beach, Burma Rene Commr., Amherst, 
1867. 
e. Skeleton ¢ Hughli River River Police. 
Ff. Skeleton Q Budge Budge, Hughli R. Purchased. 
g- Skeleton @ Circular Canal, Calcutta J. F. Barckley. 
h. Skeleton Calcutta Bazaar Purchased, 1859, A.S.B. 
Jj. Skeleton Kistna R., Madras Pr. R.S. Ellis. _ 
k. Skeleton sovese Purchased, 1867. 
1. Skeleton 9 eaeues Purchased. 


Orcella fluminalis. 


Orcella fluminalis, Anderson P. Z.S., p. 143 (1871); id. Anat. Zool, Res. 
p- 358, pl. xxva,etct; Flower List Cetacea B, M., p. 17. 


Distribution—The Irrawaddy and its affluents, from Prome 
upwards extending to just beyond Bhamo. 


a, Skeleton ¢ Bhamo Capt. Bowers, 1870. 
[Type of O. fluminalis, Anderson.] 
6. Skeleton g Bhamo Capt. Cooke [P.] 
c. Skeleton Irrawaddy, above Major Adamson. 
Bhamo. 


Genus GLOBICEPHALUS. 
Globicephalus Lesson Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim., p. 200 (1842). 


Globicephalus melas. 


Delphinus melas, Traill Nichol, fourn., xxii, p. 81 (1809)*. 
Delphinus globiceps, Cuvier Ann. Mus. Paris, xix, p. 14, pl. i (1812), 
Globiocephalus svineval, Gray Zool. Eveb. and Terr., p. 32 (1846). 
Globicephalus deductor, apud Blyth Cat, no. 273, p. 89 (1863). 
Globicephalus melas, Flower List Cetacea B, M., p. 19 (1885). 


Distribution.—Apparently Cosmopolitan ; there are specimens in 
the British Museum from the English and American coasts in the 
Northern Hemisphere, and from the Falkland Islands and New 
Zealand in the Southern Hemisphere. 


a. Skull Greenland erase Museum, 1840, 


Globicephalus indicus. 


Globicephalus sp., Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xix, p. 426 (1850). 
Globicephalus indicus, Blyth F. A. S.B., xxi, p. 358 (1852); id., ¥.4.5.B., 
xXviii, pe 490; id. Cat., no. 274, p. 89; Ferdon Mammals no. 146, p. 160. 


320 MAMMALIA. 


Distribution.—Bay of Bengal. 

The above synonymy also refers partly to what Blyth consi- 
dered the young form of this species, but which was subsequently 
shown by Anderson to be really a different species (Orcella brevi- 
rostris, see supra). : 

The skull of Globicephalus indicus differs from that of G. melas, 
in having the premaxillz on the rostrum so broadened, as to cover 
the maxillee completely; the teeth are also much larger and less 
numerous than in G. melas. 

This is exactly the difference pointed out by Prof. Flower be- 
tween the skull of G. melas and G. macrorhynchus (Gray Zool. 
Ereb. Terr., p. 33) which was got from the Cape of Good Hope. 

To this broad-snouted group of the genus Globicephalus, 
there also belong G. scammoni Cope from the Pacific, and G. 
brachypterus Cope from the Atlantic coasts of the Southern States 
and also G. guadaloupensis (= G. intermedius) ; True (Contribu- 
tions to the Natural History of the Cetaceans in Bull. U.S. Nat. 
Mus. no. 36) considers that G. scammoni of the Pacific and G. 
brachypterus of the Atlantic differ specifically, and G. indicus seems 
to be rather more allied to the latter than to the former. 

The following are the measurements of the two skulls of G. 
indicus and also of the one of G. melas above; the measurements 
are the same as those given by True in the paper quoted above and 
are given in centimetres. 


G. indicus, G,indicus, G, melas, 


a 6 a 
Total length . 2 < . . 563 65 69 
Length of beak. . 3 . 294 °33 364 
Breadth of beak, at its base. ‘ 23 28 24% 
a a at its middle 5 204 25 21 
Breadth of premaxille at middle of 
beak . . . . . 5 19 22 17 
Greatest breadth between the outer 
margins of the premaxillz proxi- 
mally . . . . : 163 164 
Length of tooth line ; 5 . 1st 14 18 
Last tooth to base of maxillary notch 18 20 21 
-Extremity of beak to the anterior mar- 
gin of the narial opening. . 4t 44% 49 
Extremity of beak to the end of the 
pterygoid crest . ‘ * : 38 44 48 
Breadth between the orbits. : 4l 47 43 
Breadth between the hinder margins 
of the temporal fossz : . 27% 34 39 
Length of the temporal fossz ie 123 rik 13 
Depth of the temporal fosse . P 144 144 10 
Length of the mandible . 3 : 47 56 53 
Length of mandibular symphysis  . 8 9 8 


Length of the mandibular tooth row 13 I 
Number of teeth. i ‘ : aXe txt 19x 19 


DELPHINUS, 321 


a, Skeleton mtd.@ Salt Water Lakes, E. Blyth, 1850, A.S.B. 
Calcutta. 


6. Skull @ Salt Water Lakes, E. Blyth, 1850, A.S.B. 
Calcutta. 


[Types of Globicephalus indicus, Blyth.] 


e Skull teins No history. 


Genus LAGENORHYNCHUS. 
Lagenorhynchus, Gray Zool. Eveb, & Terr., p. 34 (1846). 


Lagenorhynchus acutus. 


(1843). 
Lagenorhynchus leucopleurus, Gray Zool, Ereb, & Terr., -p. 34 (1846) ; 
Blyth Cat. no. 281, p. Qt. 


Leucopleurus arcticus, Gray Suppl. Cat. Seals and Whales, p. 78 (1871). 


Lagenorhynchus acutus, Flower P.Z,S., p. 511 (1883); id. List Cetacea 
B.M.,p. 23- 


Distributton.—North Atlantic and North Sea. 
a. Skeleton Norwegian Coast Christiania Univ. [Ex.], 
A.S.B. 


Lagenorhynchus electra. 


Lagenorhynchus electra, Gray Zool. Ezeb. & Terr., p. 35 (1846); Flower List 
Cetacea B. M., p. 23. : 

Phocaena pectoralis, Peale Mamm. and Ornith. U, S. Explor, Exped., 1st 
ed., p. 32, pl. vi, fig. 1 (1848)*. 

Electra obtusa, Gray Suppl. Cat. Seals and Whales, p. 76 (1874). 

Delphinus (Lagenorhynchus) fusiformis, Owen Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p.22, pl. 
v, fig. i (1856). 


Distribution—Bay of Bengal (Elliot) and Pacific (Sandwich ’ 
Isles). 


[Xo specimen in the Indian Museum.] 


Genus DELPHINUS. 
Delphinus, Linnaeus Syst, Nat,, 12th ed., i, p. 108 (1765). 


Delphinus delphis. 


Delphinus delphis, Linneus Syst. Nat., t2th ed., i, p. 108 (1776); Flower 
P. Z. S., 1883, p. 512; id. List Cetacea B. M., p. 24. 


x 


322 MAMMALIA. 


Distribution.—Cosmopolitan ; there are in the British Museum 
specimens from the North and South Atlantic, and from the seas of 
New Zealand and Tasmania, 


a. Skeleton 2 2 aaa No history, A.S.B. 
6. Lower jaw Indian Ocean Purchased. 
only. 
«. Lower jaw Nicobar Isles F. A. de Roepstorff, 
only. 


[The above two probably of this species.] 


Delphinus frithi. 


Delphinus sp., Blyth $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 386 (1847). 
Delphinus frithi, Blyth $.A. S. B., xxviii, p. 492 (1859); id. Cat. no. 279, 

p- Ol 

Distribution.—Probably the Indian Ocean. 

This species, which is represented only by a skull, _ is 
closely allied to Delphinus delphis, it has the grooved palate 
characteristic of the genus as restricted by Flower; the teeth 
are not in good condition, many of them having fallen out; 
the number given by Blyth is ae but it does not appear that 


there could ever have been more than 45 teeth above and below 
from the present state of the skull; the character by which 
Blyth thought to differentiate this species, namely, the fusing of 
the premaxillz together in the middle of their length is probably 
merely due to age and is shown to be also the case in the speci- 
men of D. delphis figured by Van Beneden and Gervais; there 
seems therefore to be no reason why this skull should not be 
referred to D. delphis; as, however, there is no authentic specimen 
of D. delphis in the Indian Museum with which to compare it, 
it will perhaps be better for the present to let Blyth’s name stand. 
a, Skull Indian or Atlantic R. W. G. Frith, A.S.B. 
Oceans. 
[Type of D. frithi, Blyth.] 


Deiphinus pomeegra. 


Delphinus pomeegra, Owen Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p. 23, pl. vi, fig. 3, pl. viii 
(1866) ; Flower List Cetacea B. M, p. 26. 


Distribution. —Bay of Bengal. 
Probably conspecific with D. delphis. 


[No specimen in the Indian Museum. ] 


Delphinus longirostris. 


Del phinus longirostris, G. Cuvier Regn. Anim., 2nd ed., p, 228 (1829)* 
Van Beneden et Gervais Osteog. des Ceiacés, p. 604, pl. xxxix, figs. 10-11, 


TURSIOPS. 323 


Distribution.— Malabar Coast. 
This species is distinguished from Delphinus delphis by the 


number of its teeth oe the beak forms 67°9 per cent. of the 


total length of the skull, a proportion never reached in any speci- 
men of D. delphis (cf. True Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 36, p. 59). 


[No specimen in the Indian Museum.] 


Genus TURSIOPS. 
Tursiops, Gervais Hist. Nat. Mamm., ii, p. 323 (1855)*. 


‘Tursiops tursio. 


Delphinus tursio, Fabricius Faun. Grenl., p. 49 (1780)*. 
Delphinus truncatus, Montagu Mem. Wern. Soc., iii, p. 75 , pl. iii (1821). 
Delphinus eurynome, Gray Zool. Ereb. and Terr., p. 38 (1846); Blyth Cat. 


NO. 277, P. 90. 
Tursiops tursio, Flower P.Z.'S. p. 512 (1883); id. List Cetacea B. My 


p. 20. ‘ 


Distribution.—Atlantic and Indian Oceans extending to the 
Bay of Bengal. 

There is a specimen identified by Prof. Flower with this species 
in the British Museum from the Seychelle Islands, so there is no 
reason that the two specimens catalogued below should not be 
identified with this species, though without direct comparison it f$ 
impossible to be certain, 


a Skull ee Medical College, Calcutta, 
A.S.B. 

&. Skull Bay of Bengal Capt. Fairweather, A.S.B. 

c, Skeleton Port Natal O. L, Fraser. 


Tursiops perniger. 


Delphinus perniger, Blyth ¥. A. S.B., xvii, p. 250 (1848); id. ¥. A. S. B,, 
xxviii, p. 491; id. Caz. no. 280, p.g1; Ferdon Mamm., p. 157. 


Distribution.—The Bay of Bengal. 

This species can never be properly identified as the type con- 
sists of a stuffed specimen and only about 8 inches of the beak of 
the skull; it is best assigned to Tursiops, from the typical speci- 
mens of which, however, it differs in the fact that the tooth row 
above is only about 73 inches long, whereas in Tursiops tursic 
the measurement is between g and 10 inches; the teeth are large 
between 5 and 6mm. in antero-posterior diameter. 


a. Stuffed and _ Bay of Bengal Sir W. Elliot, A.S.B. 
pt. of skull. 


{Type of Delphinus perniger, Blyth.] 


324 MAMMALIA. 


Genus PRODELPHINUS. 


Clymene, Gray P. Z. S., p. 237 (1864). 
Clymenia, Gray Suppl. Cat. Seals and Whales, p. 69 (1871). 
Prodelphinus, Van Beneden et Gervais Osteogr. des Cétaces, p. 604 (1880). 


Prodelphinus obscurus. 


Delphinus obscurus, Gray Spiceleg. Zool., p. 2 (1828); Blyth Cat. no. 278, 
Pp. 90. 5 

Clymenia obscura, Flower P. Z. S., p. 512 (1883). 

Prodelphinus obscurus, Flower List Cetacea B. M., p. 28 (1885). 


Distributton.—Southern seas ; there are in the British Museum 
and in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons specimens 
from New Zealand, the Capeand the west coast of South America. 

The skulls catalogued below certainly belong to the genus Pro- 
delphinus as defined by Prof. Flower (P.Z.S., 1883); they seem 
more nearly allied to P. obscurus than to any other species. 


a. Skull ee No history, A.S.B. 
6. Skull Palk Straits, Ceylon O. L. Fraser. 


Prodelphinus attenuatus. 


Steno attenuatus, Gray Zool. Ereb. and Terr., p. 44, pl. xxviii (1846); 
Blyth Cat. no. 283, p. 92. 

Clymenia attenuata, Flower P. Z. S., p. 512 (1883). 

Prodelphinus attenuatus, Flower List Cetacea B. M., p. 30 (1885). 


Distribution —Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal to the Cape. 
The specimens attributed to this species, bear a considerable 
resemblance to the specimens identified with the previous P. 
obscurus, but the rostra are considerably narrower and the teeth 


. 38-40 : 30, 
more numerous, being about er instead of oe 


a. Skull aaeees No history, A.S.B. 
6, Skull Bay of Bengal Capt. Jethro Fairweather, 
1859, A.S.B. 
e. Skull Cape of Good Hope R. C. Tytler, 1859, A.S.B. 
d. Lower jaw tans C. Henry, A.S.B. 
e-f. 2 Skulls, no Banned No history, A.S.B. 
lower jaws. 


Genus STENO. 
Steno, Gray Zool. Ereb. and Terr. p. 43 (1846). 


Steno rostratus. 
Delphinus rostratus, Desmarest N. Dict. d' Hist. Nat., ix, p. 160 (1817). 


SOTALIA. 325 


Delphinus frontatus (pt.), G. Cuvier Oss, foss., 2nd ed., v., pt. 8 
pl: <ul: figs, = 8 tisag. S » 2n » V., pt. 1, p. 270, 

Steno frontatus, Gray Zool. Ereb. and Terr., p. 43 (1846) ; Blyth Cat. no. 282 
p. gl. : 2 

Steno rostratus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 491 (1859); Flower P.Z.S., 
1883, p.513; id. List Cetacea B. M., p. 31. 


Distribution.—The Indian Ocean including the Red Sea and 
Bay of Bengal, the Southern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 


a. Skull Red Sea J. Owen, 1844, A.S.B. 

6, Skull seas Isles, Bay of H. Lewis, 1846, A.S.B. 
engal. 

e, Skull “Calcutta Bazaar” J. Armstrong. 


Genus SOTALIA. 
Sotalia, Gray Cat. Seals and Whales, p. 393 (1866). 


Sotalia gadamu. 


Delphinus (Steno) gadamu, Owen Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p. 17, pl. iii, figs. 
1-2, pl. iv, figs. 1-5 (1866). 
Sotalia gadamu, Flower P. Z. S., p. §13 (1883); id. List Cetacea B, M., 
P- 33- 
Distribution.—Indian Seas (Vizagapatam and Karachi). 
The teeth of the specimen catalogued below are about 33 in 
number, while those of the type of S, gadamu are rather fewer, 
being only 27-28. 


a. Skull, no 
lower jaw eden No history, A.S.B. 


Sotalia plumbea. 


Delphinus plumbeus, G. Cuvier Reg. Anim., 2nd ed., i, p. 283 (1829)*; Ferdon 
Mamm., no. 143, p. 157; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 39. 
Sotalia plumbea, Flower List Cetacea B. M., p. 32 (1885). 


Distribulion—Is recorded from the Malabar Coast and from 
Sind. 


[No ‘specimen in the Indian Museum.] 


Sotalia lentigenosa. 


Delphinus (Steno ?) lentigenosus, Owen Trans. Zool, Soc., vi, p. 20, pl. v, 
figs. 2, 3 (1866); Sterndale F. Bomb. N.H. Soc., ii, p. §1. 3 
Sotalia lentigenosa, Flower List Cetacea B. M., p. 33 (1885). 


Distribution.—Bay of Bengal (Vizagapatam, Elliot). 


[No specimen in the Indian Museum.) 


326 MAMMALIA, 


Order SIRENIA. 


Mammals of herbivorous and aquatic habits, with an almost hair- 
less skin, a horizontal flattened caudal fin and an odontoid process ; 
no sacrum; the capitulum of the rib articulates with the centrum 
of the vertebra ; no claws ; fore-limbs paddle-shaped with rndimen- 
tary nails ; digits never provided with more than three phalanges ; 
no trace of hind-limbs ; brain-case cylindroidal; the parietals 
meet in a sagittal suture; the rami of the mandible have a high 
ascending portion (in these two points differing from Cetacea) ; 
frontals with large supra-orbital processes ; nasals aborted ; salivary 
glands well developed ; a caecum present ; testes abdominal ; mam- 
me pectoral. 


Genus HALICORE, 
Halicore, J/liger Prodr., p. 140 (1811). 


Halicore dugong, 


Trichechus dugung, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 599 (1777). 

Halicore dugong, Jlliger Prodr.,p. 140 (1811) ; Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii, 
pl. xxiii; Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p. 139; Blyth Cat. no. 461, p. 143; 
Ferdon Mamm., no. 240, p. 311; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 
53; Nevill Taprobanian, i, p. 2. 

Halicore indicus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 509 (1822) ; Cantor ¥. A. S.B., xv, 
p- 274; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p.89; Blyth F. A. S.B., xxviii, 


P. 494. 
Halicore tabernaculi, Rippell and Sémmerring Mus. Senckenb., i, p. 99, pl. 
vi (1834). 


Distribution.—The coasts of the Indian Ocean from Mozam- 
bique to the Red Sea, Malabar, Ceylon, Andamans and Tenas- 
serim to Singapore. 

The Australian species was separated by Owen, chiefly on ac- 
count of the fact that it possessed 24 instead of 20 molar teeth, this 
does not seem to be a constant difference, as both species excep- 
tionally develope 6 molars instead of 5. 

There seem to be, however, other distinctions, some of which 
were noticed by Owen, these distinctions have been ignored by 
modern writers by whom all the Dugongs are included under one 
specificname, Ifan Australian skull be compared with an Anda- 
manese one of approximately the same age, it will be found that 
the very large external nasal opening is in the Australian skull 
distinctly heart-shaped, the sides of the opening forming a conti- 
nuous curve ; in the Andamanese skull the opening is pear-shaped, 
the sides of the opening bulging forward anteriorly so as to con- 
strict the opening ; in the Australian skull too, the anterior projec- 
tion of the fronta] bones which, with the premaxillz and the maxille 


HALICORE. 327 


form the side wall of nasal opening, is very much more prominent 
and raised up than inthe Andaman species. 

As was pointed out by Owen, the scapula of the two forms also 
presents several points of distinction, the coracoid process is much 
more developed in the Australian species than in the Andaman 
form, the notch between the coracoid process and the anterior 
part of the blade is also strongly developed in the Australian, where- 
as in the Indian species there is hardly any notch at all; the curve 
of the posterior edge of the blade is very much greater in the 
Andaman than in the Australian example; the acromion too is much 
higher and bigger in the Andamanese form. 

Curiously enough the skull entered in Blyth’s Catalogue under 
the number 462B, and believed by him to be the skull of an 
Australian specimen, agrees in every way with the Andamanese 
species in the Museum, and has therefore been entered here 
under the name of H. dugong; it is very possible that there has 
been some mistake in the locality of the skull in question. 

It seems to be generally acknowledged that the Red Sea form, 
(H. tabernaculi of Rippell) is indistinguishable from the Indian 
species. 


a. Skeleton g Andamans E. H. Man [P.] 
6. Skeleton == cane No history. 

(foetus). 
e. Skull Port Blair, Andamans — Col. Ford, 1867. 
d. Skull Nicobars F. A. deRoepstorff. 
e. Lower jaw Nicobars, Andamans F. A. deRoepstorff. 
J. Lower jaw Andamans R. C. Tytler, A.S.B. 
g. Skull Gulf of Carpentaria ? Dr. R. Tytler, A.S.B. 
A. Skull nee te Purchased. 


Halicore australis. 


Halicore australis, Owen in F$ukes Voyage of H.M.S. Fly, ii, p. 323 (1847). 
Halicore dugung, var. australis, Collett Zool. F.B., ii, p. 851 (1887). 


Distribution.—-Coasts of Australia. 


w. Stuffedand Queensland Brisbane Mus. [Ex.] 
skeleton 
mtd. 

&. Skeleton Queensland Purchased. 


Order EDENTATA 


The Order Edentata is a very polymorphic one and not easily 
defined ;the forms included in it have, however, the following 
points of structure in common; teeth present or absent, when 
present, consisting of molars only, and springing from persistent 
pulps devoid of enamel. 


328 MAMMALIA. 


The only genus represented in the Indian Empire is Manis, 
which is characterised by being covered externally by large im- 
bricated horny scales ; no teeth ; tongue long, vermiform and pro- 
tractile; limbs short, with five complete digits to each foot; a dif- 
fused and non-deciduate placenta. 


Genus CHOLOPUS. 
Cholcepus, Illiger Prodr., p. 108 (1811). 


Cholopus didactylus. 


Bradypus didactylus, Linneus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. §1 (1766). 


.Cholcepus didactylus, Jlliger Prody., p. 108 (1811); Gray Cat, Carn. 
Mamm., p. 363. 


Distribution.—Brazil and Guiana. 


w. Skin,skull @ sae 4 Zoological Gardens, 
and bones. 


Cholopus hoffmanni. 


Choleepus hoffmanni, Peters Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, p.128 (1888) ; 
Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 363; P. L. Sclater P. Z.S., 1872, p. 861, 
pl. Ixxii ; Alston Biol. Centr.-Amer. Mamm., p. 186. 


Distribution,—Central and South America from Costa Rica to 
Ecuador. 


a. Skeleton 


sistas Purchased. 
mtd. 


Genus MYRMECOPHAGA, 
Myrmecophaga, Linnaus Syst, Nat., 12th edi, p. 51 (1766). 


Myrmecophaga jubata. 


Myrmecophaga jubata, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th e 


a. i, p. 52 (1766) ; BL 
Cat., p.178; Alston Biol. Centr. Amer.-Mamm a 


+) P. IQT. 
Distribution —America from Guatemala to Paraguay. 


a. Stuffed sactia A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B, 


Genus TATUSIA. 
Tatusia, Lesson Man, Mamm., p. 309 (1827). 


MANIS. 329 


Tatusia novemcincta. 


Dasypus novemcinctus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 54 (1766). 
Dasypus peba, Desmarest Mamm., p. 368 (1822). 

Dasypus fenestratus, Peters Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, p, 180 (1864). 
Tatusia peba, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 377 (1869). 


- Tatusia novemcincta, Alston Biol. Centr.-Amer. Mamm., p. 188, pl. xx 
(1882). 


Distribution. America from Texas southwards to Paraguay. 
a, Alc. ssigeie British Mus, CEx.]. 
Genus DASYPUS. 


Dasypus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. §3 (1766). 
Euphractus, Wagler Nat. Syst. Amphib., p. 36 (1830). 


Dasypus sexcinctus. 
Dasypus sexcinctus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12thed., i, p.54 (1766); Gray 
Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 381. 
Dasypus encoubert, Desmarest Mamm., p. 370 (1822). 


Distrtbution.—Brazil and Paraguay. 


a, Stuffed Brazil E. Blyth, 1865. 

4. Skelet. mtd. ¢ senuee W. Rutledge. 

c, Skeleton and oaetes Zoological Gardens. 
carapace. 

a. Skeleton ¢ Seale Rajah R. Mullick. 


Genus MANIS. 


Manis, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 52 (1766). 
Pholidotus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 365 (1865). 


Synopsis of Indian Species. 


a. Tail the same length as the body or rather shorter. 
8. Scales very large and light olive coloured ; 11 to 13 longitudi- 
nal rows on the trunk ; a mesial line of 14 on the tail. 


M. pentadactyla, p. 330. 

8, Scales smaller and very dark ; 15 to 18 longitudinal rows on 
the trunk; a mesial line of 16 to 20 scales on the tail. 

M. aurita, p. 330. 


a’, Tail rather longer than the body ; scales very dark; 19 longi- 


tudinal rows on the trunk; and as many as 30 in the mesial 
’ line of the tail. 


M. javanica, p. 331. 


330 MAMMALIA. 


Manis pentadactyla. 


Manis pentadactyla, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. §2 (1766) [in part] 
Sykes' P. Z. S., 1831, p. 104; Blyth F.A.S.B., xi, p. 453; Turner P.Z.S5 
1851, p. 219; Blyth F. A. S B., xxi, p. 351; Horsfield Cat. E. J, Mus., p. 
196 ; Blyth Cat., p.179; Ferdon Mamm., no. 241, p. 314; McMaster Notes 
on Ferdon, p. 132; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 341, pl. xxiv, figs. 1 
and 2. 

Manis brachyura, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., i, p. 98 (1777) [in part] ; Gray 
Illustr, Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xxii; Biyth F. A.S. B., xx, p. 175. ; 

Manis crassicaudata, Et. Geoff. St. Hil, Cat. Mamm., Mus. Hist. Nat., 
p- 213 (1803) *; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 218; Tickell F. A. S.B., xi, p. 
221 with plate ; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p.74; Fentink Notes Leyd, 
Mus., iv, p. 203. 

Manis indicus, Lesson Hist. Nat. Mamm., iv, p. 520 (1834) [in part]. 

Manis laticauda, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl., p. 258 (1842)*. 

Pholidotus indicus, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 373 (1869); Murray Zool. 
Sind, p. 60. 


The Scaly Ant Eater or Manis; Hind. and Sanskrit, Bajar-kit, 
Bajrakapta, Sillu, Sukunkhor ; Kols, Armoi; Mahratta, Kaulimah ; 
Telegu, Alawa; Mal., Alangu; Deccan, Banrohu (=Jungle carp) ; 
Bengal, Kot-pohu ; Sind, Chulla Mirron; Cingalese, Caballaya. 

Distribution. — Throughout India and Ceylon, from Sind in the 
west to Cuttack in the east, not extending into Lower Bengal, or 
found in the Himalayas. 


a-b, 2 Skins Shahbunder, Sind, Karachi Mus, [Ex.] 
c. Skin sit E. I. Mus., London. 
d. Skin eentes Purchased, 1871. 
e. Skin, skele- —saaee Zoological Gardens. 
ton 2 
Ff Skin, skull, saveee Zoological Gardens. 
bones. @ 
g. Skin, skull, aivawe Zoological Gardens, 
bones ¢ 
h. Alc. Oo Oe he oe eis ° Zoological Gardens. 
j- Alc. Q Chittagong ? Zoological Gardens. 
B Feetusof"e"™ cows . Zoological Gardens, 
2. Alc. foetus one ee Zoological Gardens. 
in. Skull Ceylon E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. 
m-o. 2Skulls nae No history, A.S.B. 
p. Stuffed Chybassa S.R. Tickell, 1842, A.S.B. 
gq. Stuffed sane A. Masters, A.S.B. 
r. Skelet. mted. ee R. W. G. Frith, 1848, A.S.B 
sy Skull at ay No history. 


Manis aurita. 


Manis pentadactyla, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed.,i, p. 52 (1766) fin part]; 
Cantor Ann. Mag. N. H.,ix, p. 275 (1842) ; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., 
p- 36; Blyth ¥. A.S. B, xxix, p. 03. 

Manis aurita, Hodgson F. A. S. B., v, p. 234 (1836); id. ¥. A. S.B., x, p. grt; 
Blyth Cat., p.179; Ferdon Mamm., p. 316; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., 
P. 352, pl. xxiv, igs.3,43 Festink Notes Leyd. Mus., iv, p. 202. 


MANIS. 331 
Manis brachyura, apud M’Clelland P.Z. S., p. 183 (1830). 
Manis dalmanni, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl., p, 256, pl. iv, fig. 
10 (1842)* ; Swinhoe P.Z.S., 1870, pp. 236 and 650. 
Manis javanica, apud Adams P,Z. S., p. 133 (1859); Blyth F¥. AS. B, 
xxix, p- 449. ; 
| Pholidotus dalmanni, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 371 (1869). » 


Distribution.—The Himalayas from Nepal to Assam, Upper 
Burma at considerable elevations, Yunnan and Southern China, in- 
cluding the Islands of Formosa and Hainan. 


a, Skin Sikkim T. C. Jerdon, A.S.B. 
b-c. 2 Skins Sikkim L. Mandelli, 
‘ ad. and 
juv. 
d. Skin Himalayas W. Theobald, A.S.B. 
e. Skin juv. Samagooting, Assam, J. Butler, 1872. 
S-j. 4 Skins Momien, Yunnan, 6,000 J. Anderson. 
ft. 6-68. _ 
kel 2 Skins Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
4,000 ft., 7-68. 
m, Skin Hotha Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 
5.000 ft., 8-68. 
n. Skin Kakhyen hills, 3,400 ft., J. Anderson. 


o-p. 2 Skins 
q. Skin 
7. Skin 
s, Skin, skull 


and bones 


t. Skin, skele- 
ton 


uw. Skin, skeleton 


v. Alc. 
wex. 2 Stuffed 
y Skeleton 


zg. Skull 
a*, Skull 
83/2, 5 Skulls 


4-68. 
Kakhyen hills, 3,400 ft., .J. Anderson. 
4-68. 
Mantin, Kakhyen hills, J. Anderson, 
19-1-75. 
Tsitkaw, Kakhyen hills, J. Anderson. 
16-2-75. 
sales Zoological Gardens, 
Zoological Gardens. 
“ China” W. Rutledge. 


Hotha, Yunnan. J, Anderson. 
Momien, 6,000 ft., 6-68 J. Anderson, 
Kakhyen hills, Burma, J. Anderson, 


19-1-75, 
Yunnan J. Anderson. 
China R. Swinhoe, A.S.B. 


No history. 


Manis javanica. 


Manis javanica, Desmarest Mamm., p. 377 (1822); Cantor ¥. A. S.B., xv, 
p. 259; Blvth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 1274; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in 
Tem. Verhandl., p. 37; Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl., 1842, p. 
254, pl. iv, fig. 11*; Turner P.Z.S., 1851, p. 219; Horsfield Cat. BE. 
I. Mus., p. 197; Blyth Cat., p.179; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 352, 
pl. xxiv, figs. 5 and 6; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., iv, p.199; Thomas 
P. Z.S., p. 72, 1886; Anderson F. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 342 

Manis pentadactyla, apud Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 249 (1822). 


332 MAMMALIA. 


Manis leptura, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xi, p. 454 (1842); id. F A. S, B., xvi, p. 
1273; id: Cat., p. 180. ; 

Manis aspera, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl., p .213 (1842)*. 

Manis leucura, Blyth $. A. S.B., xvi, p.1274 (1847); id. ¥. A. S.B., xxx, 
p.gt;id. ¥. A. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 53. 

Manis guy, focillon Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), ii, p. 513, pl. x (1850). 

Pholidotus javanus, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 370 (1869). 


Malayan, Pangolin; Burmese, Theng-khwe-khyat. 

Distribution —Burma from Arakan to Mergui, including Upper 
Burma, where it replaces M. aurita in the plains, the Malay Penin- 
sula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes. 


a. Skin Bhamo, Burma, 600 feet, J. Anderson. 
F 2:68. 
&. Skin juv. Thaing Padan, Mergui, J. Anderson. 
8-2-82. 
c. Skip, skull Java Batavian Soc., 1844, A.S.B. 
@. Skin,skull ae No history, A.S.B. 


(Type of Manis leptura, Blyth.] 


e. Alc. foetus disses A.S.B. 

F-h. 3 Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. 
gj. Skeleton 42 sane No history. 

Rel, 2Skulls aaa . No history. 


Genus ORYCTEROPUS. 
Orycteropus, Geoffroy St. Hil. Decade Philosophique, (1795)*. 


Orycteropus capensis. 


Myrmecophaga afra, Pallas Miscell, Zool., p. 64 (1778)*. 
Myrmecophaga capensis, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 53 (1788(. 
Orycteropus capensis, Blyth Cat., p. 178 (1863). 


Distribution.—South Africa. 
a. Stuffed South Africa E. L, Layard, A.S.B. 


Order MARSUPIALIA. 


This Order is entirely confined to the Australian and Neotro- 
pical Regions, so no definition is given. 

Mr. Thomas’ recent Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Mono- 
tremata in the British Museum has been rigidly adhered to in the 
following pages, and_for full synonymy reference should be made 
to that work. 


Genus MACROPUS. 


Macropus, Shaw Nat. Misc., i, text to pl. xxxiii (1790). 


MACROPUS. 333 


Macropus giganteus. 


Yerboa gigantea, Zimmerman Spec, Geogr. Quad., p. 526 (1777). 

Macropus giganteus, Shaw Nat. Misc., i, pl. xxxiii (1790); Blyth Cat., p. 
183; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 15. 

Macropus major, Shaw Gen. Zool., i, pt. i, p. 505 (1800); Gould Mamm. 
Austr,, ii, pls. i, ii. 


Distribution.— Australia generally, except the extreme north. 


a. Skin oxen No history, A.S.B. 

b. Stuffed Sten Bengal Econ. Mus. 

ce. Stuffed, skelet. 8 aaa Barrackpore Menagerie, 

-mted. juv. ¢ 1847, A.S.B. 

ad. Skeleton . Rajah R. Mullick. 

e. Skeleton & Bocas _ Barrackpore Menagerie, 
f Skeleton @ aaa. Rajah R. Mullick. 

g Skul ee N. Wallich, A.S.B. 

A. Stuffed juv, oa : Bengal Econ. Mus, 


Macropus rufus. 


Kangurus rufus, Desmarest Mamm. Suppl., p. 541 (1822). 

Macropus laniger, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 226 (1827). 

Macropus rufus, Bennett Cat. N. H. Austr, Mus., p. 6 (1837)*; Thomas Cat. 
Mars. B. M., p. 25. 

Osphranter rufus, Gould Mamm. Austr., ii, pls. vi, vii (1853). 


Distribution.—Eastern, South-Eastern and South Australia, 


a, Stuffed Do Ms y Malte Purchased, 1886. 

b. Stuffed @ Cachlan R., N.S. Wales Bengal Econ. Mus. 

c. Skeleton sacs W. Rutledge. 

d. Skeleton South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 

e. Skin, skele- asrdde W. Rutledge, ea 


ton juv. 9 


Macropus ualabatus, 


Kangurus bruni, apud Desmarest N. Dict. a’ Hist. Nat., (2), Xvii, p. 42 
(1817). 

Kangurus ualabatus, Lesson et Garnot Voy. Coquille Zool., i, p. 161, pl. vii 
(1826). 

Macropus ualabatus, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 227 (1827); Thomas Cat. 
Mars. B.M., p 30. 

Halmaturus ualabatus, Gray App. Grey Travels Austr., ii, p. 402 (1841) *; 

- Blyth Cat., p. 184; Gould Mamm. Austr,, ii, pls. xxii, xxiil, 


Distribution.—New South Wales and Victoria. 


a. Stuffed N. S. Wales W. Rutledge. 

&. Skeleton 2 2 aa Zoological Gardens. 
c. Skull pen No history, A.S.B. 
d. Skeleton ¢ siete No history, 1867. 


334 MAMMALIA. 


Macropus ruficollis. 
Var, A.—typicus. 


? Halmaturus kingii, Jdliger Abh, Akad. Berl., 1811, p. 102 (1815). 

Kangurus ruficollis, Desmarest N. Dict, d'Hist. Nat., (2), xvii, p. 37 (1817). 

Halmaturus ruficollis, Golfuss Isis, p. 267 (1819); Gould Mamm. Austr., 
ii, pls. xiv, xv. 

Macropus ruficollis, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 226 (1827); Thomas Cat, 
Mars. B. M., p. 32. 


Var. B.—bennettit. 


? Macropus albus, Gray Spiceleg. Zool. ii, p. 10 (1830). . 

Macropus bennettii, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 103 (1837). 

Halmaturus bennettii, Gould Monog. Macrop., pl. vii (1841)*; ide Mamm, 
Austr., ii, pls. xvi, xvii; Blyth Cat., p. 184. 

Macropus ruficollis, var. bennetii, Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 34 (1888). 


Distribution. —The typical variety is found in New South Wales 
and Victoria ; var. bennettii is confined to Tasmania. 


Var. A.—typicus. 


a. Stufted (cc. Bengal Econ. Mus. 
6, Skull é roe W. Rutledge, 1872. 
¢e. Skull hes No history. 


Var. B.—bennettit, 


a. Stuffed, skull Q aa A. Grote, 1862, A.S.B. 
6. Skeleton mted. Tasmania No history, A.S.B. 
c. Skeleton sess No history, A.S.B. 


Macropus dorsalis. 


Halmaturus dorsalis, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. §83 (1837); Gould 
Mamm. Austr,, ii, pls, xxvi, xxvii. 

Macropus dorsalis, Waterhouse Cat. Mamm. Mus, Zool, Soc., p. 67 (1838) ; 
Thomas Cat. Mars. B, M., p. 37. 


Distribution—Inland districts of Queensland and New South 
Wales. 


a, Stuffed és cause Brisbane Mus, (Ex.] 


Macropus agilis. 


Halmaturus agilis, Gould P.Z.S., p. 81 (1841); id. Mamm, Austr, ii, pls. 
Xxiv, XXV. : 
Macropus agilis, Giebel Odontogr., p. 43 (1855); Thomas Cat, Mars.B M., 


Pp. 42. 


MACROPUS. 335 


Distribution —South-Eastern New Guinea, Northern Territory 
and Queensland. 


a. Skin, skull Pore Calcutta Exhibition. 


Macropus thetidis. 


Halmaturus thetis, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 229 (1827). 

Halmaturus thetidis, F. Cuvier Nat. Hist. Mamm., livr., lvi, with plate 
(1829) ; Gould Mamm. Austr., ii, pls. xxxi, xxxii. i 

Macropus thetidis, Giebel Odontogr., p. 43 (1855); Thomas Cat. Mars.. 
B. M., p. 52. 

Halmaturus ruficollis, apud Blyth Cat., p. 184 (1863). 


Distribution.—South Queensland, New South Wales and Vic- 
toria. 
a. Stuffed é dat Sydney Institution, 1841, 
A.S.B. 
? 6. Skin, skull Rees Maharajah of Burdwan, 
A.S.B 


Macropus eugenii. 


Kangurus eugenii, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., (2), xvii, p. 38 (1817). 

Macropus eugenii, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 227 (1827); Thomas Cat. Mars, 
B. M., p. 54. 

Halmaturus derbianus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 583 (1837); Gould 
Mamm Austr, ii, pls. xxix, xxx. 


Distribution.—Western and Southern Australia, 


a. Skin, skull g South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 
6. Stuffed g cease W. Rutledge. 
c. Alc, 


ain Brisbane Mus, [Ex.] 


Macropus billardieri, 


Kangurus billardieri, Desmarest Mamm. Suppl., ii, p. 542 (1822). 
Macropus billardieri, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 227 (1827); Thomas Cat. 
Mars. B. M., p. 58. 


Halmaturus billardieri, Gould Monog, Macrop., pl. x (1841)*; id. Mamm. 
Austr,, ii, pls. xxxv, xxXvi, 


Distribution.—South-Eastern South Australia, Victoria and 
Tasmania. 


e, Skin, skeleton ns. i W. Rutledge, 
~ 8 Skin, skull seca W. Rutledge. 
ce. Skin, skull N.S. Wales Calcutta Exhibition. 


Macropus brachyurus. 


Kangurus brachyurus, Quoy et Gatmard Astrolobe Zoologie, i, p.114, pl. xix 
(1830). 


336 MAMMALIA. 


Macropus brachyurus, Lesson Hist. Nat. Mamm., v, p. 378 (1836) ; Thomas 
Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 60. 

Halmaturus brachyurus, Gray App. Grey Travels Austr., ii, p. 403 (1841)* ; 
Gould Mamm., Austr., ii, pls. xxxvii, xxxviii. 


Distribulion.—Western Australia. 
a. Skull irre No history, A.S.B. 


Genus PETROGALE. 


Heteropus, Yourdan Compt. Rend., v, p. 522 (1837). 
Petrogale, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i p. £83 (1837). 


Petrogale xanthopus. 


Petrogale xanthopus, Grav P. Z. S., p. 249, ‘pl. xxxix (1854); Gould 
Mamm. Austr., ii, pls. lili, xliv; Tomas Cat. Mars, B. M., p. 64. 


Distribution. —South Australia. 


a. Skin S. Australia Adelaide Mus. 

b. Skin Q@ S. Australia Adelaide Mus. 

@ Skim asian Purchased, 1867. 

d. Skin, skelee 22 sane W. Rutledge, 1859. 
ton, é 

e. Stuffed , | cc W. Rutledg-, 1869. 

Ff. Skuil S. Australia Adelaide Mus. 

g- Skull ania Maharajah of Burdwan, 

A.S.B. 


Petrogale penicillata. 


Kangurus penicillatus, Gray Griffith Anim. Kingd., v, p. 204 (1827). 
Macropus penicillatus, Bennett P. Z. S., p. 1 (1835). 

Heteropus albogularis, fourdan Comptes Rend., v, p. 522 (1837). 
Petrogale penicillata, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 583 (1837); Gould 
‘ Mamm. Austr,, ii, pls. xxxix, x1; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 66. 


Distribution. —Eastern Australia, Queensland to Victoria. 


a, Skin, skull ¢ safe Purchased. 
6. Skin,skull 9 4a Purchased. 


Genus ONYCHOGALE., 
- Onychogalea, Cray App. Grey's Travels Austr., ii, p. 402 (1841)*. 


Onychogale frenata. 


Macropus fraenatus, Gould P, Z. S., p. 92 (1840); Blyth Cat., p. 184 
Onychogalea fraenata, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 88 Reale. 4 

Mamm. Austr,, ii, pl. liv. nt (1843); Gould 
Onychogale frenata, Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 75 (1888). 


LAGOSTROPHUS. 337 


Distribution.—Eastern Australia from Queensland to Victoria. 


a. Stuffed sites Melbourne Inst., 1862, A.S.B. 
&. Stuffed é aides Bengal Econ. Mus. 
ee Skull Bettis No history, A.S.B. 


Onychogale lunata. 


Macropus lunatus, Gould P. Z. S., p. 93 (1840). 7 
Onychogale lunata, Gould Mamm. Austr., ii, pl. lv (1849);_Thomas Cat. 
Mars. B. M., p. 77. 


Distribution.—South and West Australia. 


a. Skin S. Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 

6 Skeleton juv. Yorke Peninsula, Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 
S. Australia, 

ce. Skull S. Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 


Genus DORCOPSIS. 
Dorcopsis, Schlegel and Miiller Tem. Verhandl., p. 130 (1839-44). 


Dorcopsis miilleri, 


Kangurus veterum, Lesson et Garnot Voy. Coquille Zool., i, p. 164 (1826). 

Didelphys bruni, apud Quoy et Gaimard Astrolobe Zoologie, i, p, 116 
(1830). 

Dorcopsis bruni, Schlegel and Miiller Tem. Verhandl., p. 131, pls. xxi-xxiv 
(1839-44); Gould Mamm Austr., ii, pl. li. 

Halmaturus asiaticus, apud Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 91 (1843). 

Lagorchestes gymnotis, apud Blyth Cat., p. 184 (1863). 

Macropus miilleri, Schlegel Nederl. Tijdsch., iii, p. 353 (1866). 

Dorcopsis miilleri, Garrod P. Z. S., p. 49 (1875); Thomas Cat. Mars. 
B. M.,, p. 87. 


Distribution.—New Guinea and the adjoining Islands. 
a, Skin ae Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858, 


-S.B, 


Genus LAGOSTROPHUS. 
Lagostrophus, Thomas P, Z.S., p. 544 (1886). 


Lagostrophus fasciatus. 


Kangurus fasciatus, Pévouse et Lesson Voy. Terres. Austr., i, Ps 114 (1807)*. 
Macropus elegans, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., i, p. 183 (1817). 
Lagorchestes albipilis, Gould Ann. Mag. N. H., (1), x, p. 2 (1842). 
Lagorchestes fasciatus, Gould Mamm. Austr,, pl. lvi (1849). 
Lagostrophus fasciatus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 544 (1836); id, Cas. Mars, 
B.M.,, p. 100. 
Y 


338 MAMMALIA. 


Distribution.—Western Australia. 
a-b, 2 Skins ¢Q West Australia Adelaide Mus. [Zx.] 


Genus AEPYPRYMNUS. 
Aepyprymnus, Garrod P. Z.S., p. 59 (1875). 


Aepyprymnus rufescens, 


Bettongia rufescens, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 584 (1837); Gould 
Mamm. Austr, ii, pl. lxv. 

Hypsiprymnus melanotis, Ogildy P. Z. S., p. 62 (1838). 

Aepyprymnus rufescens, Garrod P. Z. S., p. 59 (1875); Thomas Cat. Mars. 
B. M., p. 103. 


Distribution.—Eastern Australia. 
wo, Skin é alee No history. 


Genus BETTONGIA. 
Bettongia, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H.,i, p. 584 (1837). 


Bettongia cuniculus. 


Bettongia setosa, apud Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 584 (1837). 

Hypsiprymnus cuniculus, Ogilby P.Z. S., p. 63 (1838). 

Bettongia cuniculus, Gould Mamm. Austr., ii, pl. Ixili (1854); Blyth Cat., 
p. 186; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 106. 


Distribution. —Tasmania. 
@ Skull = —  werves W. Cracroft, A.S.B. 


Bettongia penicillata. 


Bettongia penicillata, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.i, p. 584 (1837); Gould 
Mamm. Austr, ii, pl. 1xi; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 110. 
Hypsiprymnus ogilbyi, Waterhouse Fard. Nat. Libr., xi, p. 185 (1841). 


Distribution —Al| Australia except in the North; not found in 
Tasmania. 


a. Skin, skull West Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 
6. Skeleton ie Major Turnbull. 


Bettongia lesueuri. 


Hypsiprymnus lesueuri, Quoy et Gaimard Voy. Uranie, p. 64 (1824)*. 

Hypsiprymnus grayi, Gould P. Z.S., p. 178 (1840). 

Bettongia grayi, Gray App. Grey's Travels Austr.,ii, p. 403 (1841)*; Gould 
Mamm. Austr., ii, pl. Ixiv. 

Bettongia lesueuri, Thomas Cat. Mars. B, M., p. 112 (1888). 


DROMICIA. 339 


Distribution. South and West Australia. 


a. Skin, skull South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 
&. Skin, skull ‘echo No history. 

ec. Skull South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 
d. Stuffed, skull weiaas W. Rutledge. 


Genus TARSIPES. 
Tarsipes, Gervais and Verreaux P. Z.S., p. 1 (1842). 


Tarsipes rostratus. 


Tarsipes rostratus, Gervais and Verreaux P,. Z, S., p. ' (1842); Gould 
Mamm. Austr., i, pl. v; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M,, p. 133. 
Tarsipes spenserae, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., ix, p. 40 (1842). 


Distribution.—Western Australia. 
a, Skin g W. Australia Adelaide Mus. (Ex.] 


Genus ACROBATES. 
Acrobates, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist, Nat., xxv, p. 405 (1817). 


tAcrobates pygmzus. 


Didephys pygmza, Shaw Zool. New Holland, i, p. 5 (1794)*. 

Acrobates pygmzus, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxv, p. 405 (1817); 
Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pl. xxviii; Blyth Cat., p. 183; Thomas Cat. 
Mars. B. M., p. 136. 

Distribution.—Southern Queensland, New South Wales and 

Victoria. 


N.S. Wales Sydney Inst., A.S.B. 
b. Alc, N.S. Wales G. Nevill. 


Genus DROMICIA, 
Dromicia, Gray App. Grey’s Travels Austr., ii, p. 407 (1841)*. 


Dromicia nana. 


Phalangista nana, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxv, p. 477 (1817). 

Phalangista gliriformis, Bell Linn. Trans., xvi, p. 121, pl. xiii, xiv (1828). 

Dromicia nana, Gray App. Grey’s Travels Austr, ii, p. 401 (1841)*; Thomas 
Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 144. 

Dromicia gliriformis, Gould Mamm. Austr, i, pl. xxix (1845). 

Dromicia unicolor, Krefft P. Z. S., p. 49 (1863). 


Distribution —Tasmania.” 
a, Skin, skull eta No history. 
y2 


340 MAMMALIA. 


Genus PETAURUS. 


Petaurus, Shaw Nat. Misc., ii, text to pl. Ix (1791). 
Belideus, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 151 (1838). 


Petaurus australis. 


Petaurus australis, Shaw Nat. Misc. pl. Ix (1791); Thomas Cat, Mars. 
B.M., p. 151. 

Didelphys petaurus, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, pt. 2, p. 496 (1800). 

Petaurus flaviventer, Desmarest N. Dict, d'Hist. Nat., xxv, p. 403 (1817)- 

Belideus flaviventer, Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pl. xxiii (1845). 

Belideus australis et sciurus, Blyth Cat., pp. 182, 183 (1863). 


Distribution.—New South Wales and Victoria. 


a. Skin, skull N.S. Wales Calcutta Exhibition. 

b. Stuffed N. S. Wales Dr. Scone, 1864. 

¢ Ska  — — egesiew Mrs. Turnbull, 1860, A.S B. 
@ Skul aa No history, A.S.B. 


Petaurus breviceps. 


Petaurus (Belideus) breviceps, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 152 (1838). 
Petaurus breviceps, Gray App. Grey’s Travels Austr., ii, p. 402 (1841)*; 
Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 156. 


Belideus breviceps, ariel et notatus, Gould Mamm. Austr.,i, pls. xxv, xxvi 
and xxvii (1849). 


Distribution.— Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. 


a-b, 2 Stuffed, Victoria Dr. Scone, 1864. 
2 skulls. 
ced. 2 Alc. adt. N. S. Wales Calcutta Exhibition, 
and juv. 


Genus PETAUROIDES. 


Volucella, Bechstein Allgem. Ubers. vierf. Thiere, ii, p. 351 (1800)*. 
Petaurista, Desmarest Mamm., i, p. 268 (1820). 


Petauroides, Thomas Cat, Mars. B. M., p. 163 (1888). 


Petauroides volans. 


Didelphis volans, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., Pp. 199 (1792)*. 

Volucella nigra et macroura Bechstein Aligem, Uebers. vierf. Thiere, ii 
Pp. 351 (1800)*, a 

Petaurus taguanoides, Desmarest N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. ; 
Biylk Cal p ae F ist. Nat., xxv, p. 400 (1817); 

Petaurista taguanoides, Desmarest Mamm., i, p. 269 (1820); Gould Mamm. 
Austr, i, pl. xxii, 

Petauroides volans, Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p..164 (1888). 


Distribution,—Queensland to Victoria. 


TRICHOSURUS. 341 


a-b, 2 Stuffed# Q N.S. Wales Dr. Scone, 1864. 
ec. Skull cusses Purchased, A.S.B. 
d, Skull rene T. Shawe, A.S.B. 


Genus PSEUDOCHIRUS. 


Pseudochirus, Ogilay P. Z. S., p. 26 (1836). 
Hepoona, Gray, App. Grey’s Travels Austr, ii, p. 402 (1841)*. 


Pseudochirus peregrinus. 
Didelphis peregrinus, Boddaert Elench. Anim., i, p. 78 (1785)*. 
Didelphis caudivolvula, Kerr Linn, Anim. Kingd., p. 196 (1792)*. 
Phalangista cooki, apud Ogilby P. Z. S, p. 192 (1835); Gould Mamm. 
Austr., i, pl. xviii. 
Phalangista lanuginosa, Gould Mamm., Austr., i, pl. xx (1858). 
Pseudochirus peregrinus, Thomas Cat. Mars. B, M., p. 172 (1888). 
Distribution —Queensland to South Australia. 


a, Skin ae a Melbourne Mus., 1864. 
6. Skin, juv. W. Australia? Bengal Econ, Mus. 


: Pseudochirus occidentalis, 
Pseudochirus occidentalis, Thomas Cat. Mars. B, M., p. 174 (1888). 
Distribution,—Western Australia. 


a, Skin Gawler Ranges, Adelaide Mus. (Ex.] 
S. Australia. 


Pseudochirus cooki. 


Phalangista cooki, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxv, p. 476 (1817). 

Phalangista viverrina, Ogiloy P. Z. S., p. 131 (1837); Gould Mamm. Austr, 
i, pl. xix. 

Pseudochirus cooki, Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 176 (1888). 
Distribution.—Tasmania. 


a. Stuffed Tasmania Bengal Econ. Mus, 


Genus TRICHOSURUS, 
Trichosurus, Lesson Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat., ili, p. 333 (1828). 


Trichosurus vulpecula. 


Var, A.—typicus. 
Didelphis vulpecula, Kerr Linn, Anim, Kingd., p. 198 (1792)*. 


342 MAMMALIA. 


Didelphis vulpina, Meyer Uebers. Zool. Entd. Neunoll., p. 23 (1793)*. 

Phalangista vulpina, Desmarest N. Dict. @ Hist. Nat., xxv, p. 475 (1817); 
Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pl. xvi; Blyth Cat., p. 182. 

Phalangista xanthopus, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 135 (1831). 

Trichosurus vulpecula, fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., vii, p. 25 (1884) ; Thomas 
Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 187. 


Var. B.—fuliginosus, 


Phalangista fuliginosa, Ogilby P. Z. S.,p. 135 (1831) ; Gould Mamm. Austr, 
i, pl. xv. aif 
Trichosurus vulpecula var. fuliginosus, Thomas Cat, Mars. B. M., p. 190 


(1888). 


Distribution.—The typical variety is found throughout Australia: 
except in ‘the extreme north; var. fuliginosus is confined to 
Tasmania. 


Var. A.—/ypicus. 


uw. Skin, skele- eeniee Zoological Gardens. 
ton é 
b. Skin, skele- tevaee W. Rutledge. 
ton juv. 9 
c-d. 2 Stuffed Australia Dr. Scone, 1864. 

e. Stuffed g N.S. Wales W. Rutledge, 1870. 
f. Skeleton Q aes ' Rajah R. Mullick. 
gh. 2 Skulls S. Australia Adelaide Mus, [Ex.] 

ad. and juv, 
Je Skull eevee No history, A.S.B. 
k, Stuffed asides W, Rutledge, 1870. 
albino Q 


Var, B.—fuliginosus. 


a. Skin, skull, anaes Purchased. 
bones. 
6, Skin, skele- wage Purchased. 
ton, 
c. Stuffed Tasmania C. F. T. Lloyd, A.S.B. 
d, Skeleton, eas Purchased. 
skin. : 
ef, 2 Skulls Tasmania ? C.F. T. Lloyd, A.S.B. 


Trichosurus caninus. 
Phalangista canina, Ogilay P. Z.S., p. 191 (1831); Gould Mamm, Austr., 
i, pl. xvii. 
Trichosurus caninus, Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 191 (1888). 


Distribution.—South Queensland and New South Wales, 
a, Stuffed, skull New South Wales Bengal Econ, Mus, 


PHASCOLOMYS, 343 


Genis PHALANGER. 


Phalanger, Storr Prodr. Method. Mamm., p. 33 (1780)*. 
Phalangista, Et. Geoff. St. Hil. Bull. Soc. Philom., i, p. 106 (1796)*. 
Cuscus, Lesson et Garnot Voy. Coquille Zool., p. 150 (1826). 


Phalanger orientalis. 


Didelphys orientalis, Pallas Miscell. Zool., p. 59 (1766)*. 
Phalanger orientalis, Storr Prodr. Method. Mamm., p. 33 (1780)* ; Thomas 


Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 201. 

Phalangista alba, Et. Geog. St. Hil. Cat. Mamm. Mus. Hist, Nat, p 148 
(1803) *. 

Cuscus orientalis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 84 (1843). 


Distribution.—Timor and the Islands to the east of New 
Guinea. 


a. Skin, skull saints Calcutta Exhibition. 


Phalanger celebensis. 


Cuscus celebensis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 105, pl. Ixii (1858).] 
Phalanger celebensis, Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 206. | 


Distrtbution.—Celebes and the Sanghir Isles. 


a. Skin, skull Northern,Territory ? Adelaide Mus, [Ex.] 
6, Skin, skeleton oaaniea W. Rutledge. 


Genus PHASCOLARCTUS. 


Phascolarctus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 46 (1816) *. 
Lipurus, Goldfuss Isis, p. 271 (1819). 


Phascolarctus cinereus. 


Lipurus cinereus, Goldfuss Isis, p. 271 (1819). 

Phascolarctus fuscus, Desmarest Mamm., i, p. 276 (1820). 

Phascolarctus cinereus, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 285 (1829) ; Gould Mamm. 
Austr., i, pls. xiii, xiv; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 210. 


Distribution —Eastern Australia from Queensland to Victoria. 


a. Stuffed New South Wales No history. 
6. Stuffed New South Wales Bengal Econ. Mus, 
c. Skull Ya Purchased. 

d-e. 2 Skulls Victoria Calcutta Exhibition. 
f. Skeleton New South Wales Purchased, 


Genus PHASCOLOMYS. 


Phascolomys, Et, Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. Mus. Paris, ii, p. 364 (1803). 
Wombatus, Desmarest N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat., ist ed., xxiv, p. 20 (1803)*. 


344 MAMMALIA. 


Phascolomys mitchelli. 


Phascolomys mitchelli, Owen Miichell’s Exped. Austr., ii, p. 368 (1838); 
Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 213. 

Phascolomys platyrhinus, Owen Cat Ost. Coll. Surg., i, p. 334 (1853). 

Phascolomys latifrons, afud Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pls. lvii, Iviii (1859). 


Distribution.—New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. 


a. Stuffed pein No history. 
&. Stuffed juv. 9 anne . W. Rutledge, 1870. 
c. Generative 9 epbaiee W. Rutledge, 1869. 
organs in 
Spirit. 


Phascolomys ursinus. 


Didelphys ursina, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, pt. 2, p. 504 (1800). 

Wombatus fossor, Desmarest N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. st ed., xxiv, p.20 (1803)*. 

Phascolomys wombatus, Leach Zool, Miscell., ii, p. 102 (1815). 

Phascolomys wombat, Peron et Lesueur Voy. Terr. Austr., ii, pe 13, (1816)* ; 
Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pis. lv, lvi; Blyth Cat., p. 186. 

Phacolomys ursinus, G. Cuvier Regne Anim.,, i, p. 185 (1817) ; Thomas Cat. 
Mars. B. M., p. 215. 


Distribution.—Tasmania. 


a. Stuffed Tasmania Bengal Econ. Mus. 
6. Skull Sani C. J. T. Lloyd, A. S. B. 
¢. Skeleton juv. steaee W. Rutledge, 1870. 


Phascolomys fatifrons. 


Phascolomys latifrons, Owen P. Z. S., :p. 82 (1845); Thomas Cat. Mars. 
B. M,, p. 217. 
Phascolomys lasiorhinus, Gould Mamm. Austr, i, pl. lix, Ix (1863). 


Distribution.—South Australia. 


a. Skeleton ¢ waite Zoological Gardens. 
6. Skull Blanche town, Adelaide Mus, [Ex.] 
Murray R., S.A. 


Genus PERAGALE, 


Macrotis, Reid P. Z.S., p. 131 (1836). 
Peragalea, Gray App. Grey's Travels Austr., p. 401 (1841)*. 


Peragale lagotis. 


Perameles (Macrotis) lagotis, Reid P. Z. S., p. 129 (1836). 
Peragale lagotis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 96 (1843); Gould 
Austr., i, pl. vii; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. t,o. Be ee et 


Distribution.—South and West Australia. 


a. Skin S. Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 
6. Skeleton ness Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 


THYLACINUS. 345 


Genus PERAMELES. 


Perameles, Geoff. St. Hil. Bull. Soc. Philom.,, iii, p. 249 (1803)*. 
Thylacis, Illiger Prodr., p. 76 (1811). 
Isoodon, Desmarest N, Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xvi, p. 409 (1817). 


Perameles obesula. 


Didelphis obesula, Shaw Nat. Miscell., viii, pl. ccxeviii (1793). 

Perameles obesula, Et. Geof’. St. Hil, Ann. Mus. Paris, iv, p.64 (1804); Gould 
Mamm. Austr.,i, pl. xii; Blyth Cat., p. 182; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. Mu. p. 231. 

Isoodon obesula, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xvi, p. 409 (1817). 


Distribution —Throughout Australia and Tasmania, 


a. Skin, skull i Calcutta Exhibition. 


6. Skin W. Australia ‘ Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 
e-d. 2 Stuffed aeaned Melbourne Inst., "1862, 
AS.B. 
e. Stuffed by venue Dr. Scone, 1864. 
Ff. Skull New South Wales Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 


Perameles nasuta. 


Perameles nasuta, Ez. Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. Mus. Paris, iv, p.62 (1804); Gould 
Mamm, Austr, i, pl. xi; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 242. 


Distribution. —Eastern Australia. 


a. Alc. saivine Brisbane Mus. [Ex.] 


Perameles gunni. 


Perameles gunni, Gray P.Z.S., p. 1 (1838); Gould Mamm. Austr.,i, pl, ix; 
Blyth Cat., p. 182 ; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 245. > 


Distribution.—Tasmania and perhaps Victoria. 


a. Skin & Victoria Dr. Scone. 
&, Stuffed Tasmania Melbourne Inst., 1862, 
A.S.B, 


Perameles bougainvillei. 


Perameles bougainvillei, Quoy.et Gaimard Voy. Uranie Zool., p. 56, Atlas 
pl. v (1824); Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 246. 

Perameles myosuros, Wagner Archiv f. Natur., vii, pt. i, p. 293 (1841) ; 
Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pl. x. 


Distribution.—Western Australia. 
a. Skin Gawler Ranges, S. Austr. Adelaide Mus. {Ex.] 


Genus THYLACINUS., 


Peracyon, Gray Ann. Philos., (2), p. 340 (1825)*, 
Thylacinus, Temminck Monogr, Mamm., i, p. 60 (1827). 


346 MAMMALIA, 


Thylacinus cynocephalus. 


Didelphys cynocephala, Harris Linn. Trans., ix, p. 174, pl. xix, fig. i, (1808), 
Thylacinus harrisi, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p. 63 (1827). 
Thylacinus cynocephalus, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 270 (1829); Gould 


Mamm. Austr., i, pls. liii, liv; Blyth Cat., p.180; Thomas Cat. Mars. 
B. M., p. 255. 


Distribution —Tasmania. 


a. Skin, impft. No history, A.S.B. 
6 Skull 4 Dr. J. Henderson, A.S.B. 
«. Skull Q No history, A.S.B. 


Genus SARCOPHILUS. 


Sareephilus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat, Mamm., live. 1xx (1837)*. 
Diazbolus, Gray App. Grey’s Travels Austr., p. 400 (1841) *. 


Sarcophilus ursinus, 


Didelphys ursina, Harris Linn. Trans., ix, p. 176, pl. xix, fig. 2 (1808). 

Das) urus ursinus, Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. Mus. Paris, xv, p. 30§ (1810). 

Sarcophilus ursinus, PF, Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. |xx (1837); Gould 
Mamm. Austr, i, pl. xlviii; Blyth Cat., p. 180; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., 
p- 259. 


Distribution.—Tasmania. 


a. Skin, skull 


aay Calcutta Exhibition. 
6, Skull 


neg E. Blyth, A.S.B. 


Genus DASYURUS. 
Dasyurus, Et. Geoff. St. Hil. Bull. Soc. Philom., i, p. 106 (1796). 


Dasyurus maculatus. 


Viverra maculata, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 170 (1792)*. 
Dasyurus macrourus, E?. Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. Mus. Paris, iii, p. 358 (1804).. 
Dasyurus maculatus, Fischer Zoognosie, ii, p. 584 (1813)*; Gould Mamm. 


Austr., i, pl. xlix; Blyth Cat., p. 181; Thomas Cat. Mars, B. M., p. 
263. 


Distrtbution.—Eastern and South-Eastern Australia and Tasma- 


Nila. 
a. Skin, skull N.S. Wales Calcutta Exhibition, 
6. Stuffed Tasmania G. Sceva, 1867. 
¢. Skull Mt. Gambier, S, Austr. Adelaide Mus, [Ex.] 


a. Skull dtd No history. 


PHASCOGALE, 347 


Dasyurus viverrinus. 


Didelphis maculata, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 199 (1792)* (nec Viverra 
maculata, id. of. ci.¢ p. 170). 

Didelphis viverrinus, Shaw Genl. Zool,, i, pt. ii, p. 491 (1800). 

Dasyurus viverrinus, Et. Geof. St. Hil. Ann. Mus. Paris, iii, p. 360 (1804); 
Gould Mamm. Austr.,i, pl. 1; Blyth Cat., p. 181; Thomas Cat. Mars. 
B. M,, p. 265. 

Dasyurus maugei, Et. Geof’. St. Hil. Ann, Mus. Paris, iii, p. 359 (1804). 


Distribution.—South-Eastern Australia and Tasmania. 


a. Skin, skeleton situa Zoological Gardens. 
juv. 
6. Stuffed Hunter R., N.S. W. British Mus. [Ex.] 
ce. Stuffed N.S. Wales Bengal Econ. Mus. 
d-e.2Skulls as . A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B, 
J. Alc. 3 sivas Zoological Gardens. 


Dasyurus geoffroyi. 


Dasyurus geoffroyi, Gould P. Z.S., p. 151 (1840); Gould Mamm., Austr,, i, 
pl. li; Thomas Cat. Mars, B. M., p. 268. 


Distribution.—All Australia, except extreme north and Tas- 
mania. 


a. Skin West Australia Adelaide Mus, [Ex.]. 

6. Skin ese Adelaide Mus. [Ex.]. 

ce. Stuffed dae Purchased, 1846, A.S.B. 
d. Stuffed Melbourne ? No history. 


Genus PHASCOGALE, 


Phascogale, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p. 56 (1827). 
Antechinus Macleay Ann. Mag. N. H., viii, p. 242 (1841). 


. Phascogale flavipes. 

Phascogale flavipes, Waterhouse P. Z.S., p. 75 (1837); Blyth Cot, p. 181; 
Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 289. 

Antechinus stuarti, Macleay Ann. Mag. N. H., viii, p. 242 (1841). 

Antechinus flavipes, Gould Mamm. Austr., i, ‘pl. ae 854). 
Distribution.—Eastern Australia. 


a. Stuffed avetga Melbourne Inst., A.S.B. 


Phascogale penicillata. 


Didelphis penicillata, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, pt. ii, p. 502 (1800). 
Dasyurus tafa, Et, Geof’, St. Hil. Ann. Mus, Paris, iii, p. 360 (1804). 


348 MAMMALIA. 


Phascogale penicillata, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p. §8 (1827); Gould 
Mamm. Austr., i, pl. xxxi; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 294. 


Distribution.—Throughout Australia, except the extreme north. 


a. Skin West Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 
6. Skull South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 


Genus SMINTHOPSIS. 


Podabrus, Gould Mamm. Austr., letterpress to pl. xlvii (1845). 
Sminthopsis, Thomas Ann. Mus. Genova (2), iv, p. 503 (1887). 


Sminthopsis crassicaudata. 


Phascogale crassicaudata, Gould P. Z. S., p. 105 (1844). 

Podabrus crassicaudatus, Gould Mamm. Austr.,i, pl. xlvii (1845); Blyth 
Cat., p. 181. 

Podabrus macrurus, Gould P. Z.S., p. 70 (1845). 

Sminthopsis crassicaudata, Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 306 (1888). 


Distribution,—Throughout Australia. 
a-b, 2 Stuffed sonia Melbourne Inst., A.S.B. 


Genus MYRMECOBIUS. 
Myrmecobius, Waterhouse P.Z.S., p. 69 (1836). 


Myrmecobius fasciatus. 


Myrmecobius fasciatus, Waterhouse P.Z. S., pp. 69, 131 (1836); Gould 
Mamm. Austr.,i, pl. iv; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 312. 


Distribution.—Western and Southern Australia. 


a. Skin South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 
(A. Anderson, 12-73). 


Genus DIDELPHYS. 
Didelphys, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 71 (1766). 


Didelphys marsupialis. 
Didelphys marsupialis, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p. 71 (1766); 
Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 323. 
Didelphys cancrivora, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 108 (1788). 
Didelphys virginiana, Kerr Linn, Anim. Kingd, p. 193 (1792)*. 


ORNITHORHYNCHUS. 349 


Didelphys aurita, Pr. Maximilian su Wied Beitr. Natuurg. Bras., ii, p. 395 
(1826)*. 


Didelphys californica, Bennett P. Z. S., p. 40 (1833). 
Didelphys breviceps, Bennett P. Z.S., p. 40 (1833)- 


Distribution.—America from the States to Chili and South 
‘Brazil. 


w. Skin juv. g wines’ Zoological Gardens, 


Order MONOTREMATA. 


Genus ECHIDNA. 


Echidna, G. Cuvier Tab. Elément, d’ Hist. Nat., p. 143 (1798)*. 
Tachyglossus, Jiliger Prodr., p. 114 (1811). 


Echidna aculeata. 


Myrmecophaga aculeata, Shaw Nat. Miscell., iii, pl. cix (1792). 

Ornithorhynchus hystrix, Home Phil. Trans., p. 348 (1802). 

Echidna hystrix, Et. Geogf. St. Hil. Cat. Mamm. Mus, Hist, Nat., p. 224 
(1803)* ; Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pl. ii. 

Tachyglossus aculeatus, Iliger Prodr., p. 114 (1811). 


Echidna aculeata, Garnot Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 45 (1825)*; Thomas Cat, 
Mars. B. M., p. 379. 


Echidna acrobata, apud Blyth Cat, p. 187 (1863). 


Distribution.—Throughout Australia, replaced by geographical 
races in New Guinea and Tasmania. 


a. Skin, skeleton aie Purchased. 

bed. 3Stuffed ae A.S.B. 
e. Stuffed New South Wales Bengal Econ. Mus. 
f. Alc. wenhes Calcutta Exhibition. 


Genus ORNITHORHYNCHUS. 


Platypus, Shaw Nat. Miscell., x, letterpress to pl. ccclxxxvi (1799) (nec 
Herbst). 
Ornithorhynchus, Blumenbach Voigt’s Mag. Naturk., ii, p. 205 (1800)*. 


Ornithorhynchus anatinus, 


Platypus anatinus, Shaw Nat. Miscell., x, pl. ecclxxxv, (1799). 

Ornithorhynchus paradoxus, Blumenbach Voigt’s Mag. Naturk., ii, p. 205 
(1800)*. 

Ornithorhynchus rufus et fuscus, Péron et Lessucuy Voy, Terr, Austr., Atlas, 
pl. xxxiv (1807)*. 


35° 


MAMMALIA. 


Ornithorhynchus anatinus, Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., i, p. 35(1846); 
Gould Mamm. Austr.,i, pl.i; Blyth Cat., p. 186; Thomas Cat. Mars. 
B. M., p. 388. 


Distribution.—Eastern Australia and Tasmania. 


ANN AH H&A 


. Skin a 
Skin 
Stuffed 
Stuffed 
Skeleton mted. 


Alc. 
Alc. 


N.S, Wales 
S. E. Australia 
N.S. Wales 
N.S. Wales 


No history, 
No history. 
No history 
H. T. Prinsep, 1842, A.S.B. 
A.S.B. 

Brisbane Mus, [Ex.] 
Calcutta Econ. Mus. 


INDEX. 


[Names of synonyms are printed in italics; recognized names in Roman 


A 


abietum, Martes, 275. 
abyssinica, Genetta, 240. 
abyssinica, Viverra, 240. 
abyssinicus, Lepus, 119. 
abyssinicus, Mus, 78. 
Acanthion, 104 
Acanthoecherus, 104. 
accadians, Meriones, 99. 
acrobata, Echidna, 349. 
Acrobates, 339 

aculeata, Echidna, 349. 
aculeata, Myrmecophaga, 349. 
aculeatus, Tachyglossus, 349. 
acuticornis, Panolia, 181, 
acutus, Delphinus, 321. 
acutus, Lagenorhynchus, 321. 
adailensis, Herpestes, 257. 
aegagrus, Aegoceros, 143. 
aegagrus, Capra, 142. 
Aegoceros, 142. 

aegyptiacus, Lepus, 119. 
aegyptius, Dipus, 100. 
aegyptius, Lepus, 1109, 
aeliani, Phacochoerus, 197. 
Aelurus, 300. 

Aepyceros, 169. 
Aepyprymnus, 338. 
aequicaudalis, Mus, 63. 
aethiopicus, Aper, 197. 


aethiopicus, Camelopardalis, 171. 


aethiopicus, Phacochoerus, 197. 
aethiopicus, Sus, 197. 

affinis, Cervus, 184. 

affinis, Felis, 228. 

affinis, Sciurus, 7, 20. 

afra, Genetta, 240. 

afra, Mustela, 257. 

afra, Myrmecophaga, 332. 
africana, Atherura, tog. 
africanus, Elephas, 208. 
africanus, Phacochoerus, 197. 
africanus, Rhinoceros, 205. 
africanus, Sus, 197. 

agilis, Halmaturus, 334. 


characters,] 


agilis, Macropus, 334. 
agilis, Putorius, 279. 
agrestis, Arvicola, 92. 
agrestis, Mus, 92. 
Agricola, Subg., 92. 
Aigocerus, 150. 

Ailurina, 212. 

Ailuropus, 30!. 

Ailurus, 300. 

aipomus, Sus, aper vat., 193. 
Alactaga, 101. 

alba, Phalangista, 343. 
albescens, Felis, 231. 
albicans, Balaena, 317. 
albicauda, Phoca, 308. 
albiceps, Sciurus, 7. 
albidiventris, Mus, 80. 
albifrons, Ictides, 249. 
albifrons, Paradoxurus, 249. 
albigena, Phoca, 308. 
albipes, Antilope, 154. 
albipes, Sciurus, 11. 
albipilis, Lagorchestes, 337. 
albiventer, Pteromys, 35. 
albogularis, Heteropus, 336. 
alboniger, Sciuropterus, 38. 
alborufus, Pteromys, 34. 
albovittatus, Sciurus, 31. 
albus, Lepus, 118. 

albus, Macropus, 334+ 
Alcephalus, 170. 

Alces, 186. 

alces, Cervus, 186. 
alexandrinus, Mus, 62. 


alexandrinus, Mus, rattus var., 63. 


alfurus, Babirussa, 196. 
allamandi, Galictis, 284. 
alopex, Canis, 268. 
alopex, Vulpes, 268. 
alophus, Hystrix, 106. 
alpina, Marmota, 44. 
alpina, Mustela, 281. 
alpinus, Canis. 261. 
alpinus, Cuon, 261, 
alpinus, Hypudaeus, 92. 
alpinus, Pieromys, 40. 


INDEX 


alpinus, Putorius, 281. 

alpinus, Sciurus, 23. 

alstoni, >ciurus, 21. 

altaicus, Moschus, 172. 

Alticula, Subg., 89. 

americana, Antilocapra, 171. 

americana, Antilope, 171. 

americana, Antilope (Kupicapra), 
151. 

americana, Lutva, 297. 

americana, Martes, 276. 

americana, Mustela, 276, 

americana, Tamias, 30. 

americanus, Alces, 186 

americanus, Bison, 131. 

americanus, Bos, 131. 

americanus, Castor, 44. 

americanus, Dipus, 9o. 

americanus, Lepus, 120. 

americanus, Lepus, 120. 

americanus, Mus, agrvarius var., 85. 

americanus, Ursus, 305. 

ammon, Cvis, 136. 

ammonoides, Ovis, 136. 

Ammotragus, 131. 

amphibius, Arvicola, 92. 

amphibius, Hippopotamus, 197. 

amphibius, Mus, 92. 

anatinus, Ornithorhynchus, 349, 

anatinus, Platypus, 349. 

anatolica, Ovis, 139. 

andamanensis, Mus, rattus var., 63. 

andamanensis, Sus, 195. 

andersoni, Herpestes, 254. 

annulatus, Sciurus, 30. 

Anoa, 124. 

ansoni, Phoca, 309. 

Antechinus, 347. 

Antidorcas, 157. 

antillarum, Cystophora, 309. 

Antilocapra, 170. 

Antilope, 162. 

antiquorum, Hyaena, 259. 

Aonyx, 291. 

apicalis, Hapalotis, 84. 

Aploceros, 151. 

arabica, Antilope, 159. 

arabica, Capra, 144. 

arabica, Gazella, 158. 

arabicus, Camelus, 192. 

arboreus, Mus, 63. 

Arctictis, 249. 

arcticus, Gulo, 283. 

arcticus, Lepus, 118, 

arcticus, Leucopleurus, 321. 

arcticus, Rosmarus, 307. 

Arctogale, 241. 

Arctomys, 41. 


Arctonyx, 290. 

arctos, Ursus, 304. 

argalt, Caprovis, 136. 
argentoratensis, Arvicola, 92. 
arianus, Mus, 75. 

ariel, Belideus, 340. 
aristotelis, Cervus, 176. 
avistotelis, Rusa, 176. 
arna, Bubalus, 129. 

arnee, Bos, 129. 

artemesia, Lepus, 120. 
arundinacea, Antilope, 164. 
arundinacea, Cervicapra, 164. 
arundinaceus, Eleotragus, 165. 
arvalis, Arvicola, 93. 
Arvicola, 87. 

Arvicola, Subg., 93. 
Ascomys, 9). 

ashtoni, Viverra, 236. 
asiaticus, Elephas, 206. 
asiaticus, Halmaturus, 337. 
asiaticus, Mus, 63. 
asiaticus, Rhinoceros, 202. 
Asinus, 198. 

asinus, Equus, 200. 

aspera, Manis, 332. 
assamensis, Mephitis, 290. 
assamensis, Sciurus, 18. 
asseel, Bibos, 125. 

assimilis, Mus, 79. 

ater, Arvicola, 92. 

ater, Ictides, 249. 

ater, Poephagomys, 102. 
Atherura, 104. 

atricapillus, Sciurus, 24. 
atrodorsalis, Sciurus, 15. 
atrodorsalis, Sciurus, 18. 
attenuata, Clymenia, 324. 
attenuatus, Prodelphinus, 324. 
attenuatus, Steno, 324. 
Auchenia, 192. 

auduboni, Lepus, 120. 
aurantiacus, Pteromys, 39. 
aurata, Felis, 222. 

auratus, Leopardus, 222. 
auratus, Paradoxurus, 248. 
aureus, Arctomys, 43. 
aureus, Canis, 264. 

aureus, Cervulus, 173. 


aureus, Cervus (Stylocerus), 173. 


aureus, Lupus, 265. 
aureus, Lynx, 233. 
aureus, Paradoxurus, 247. 
aureus, Saccalius, 265. 
aurita, Didelphys, 348. 
aurita, Manis, 330. 
auritus, Lagomys, 110. 
auriventer, Mustela, 281. 


INDEX. 


auriventer, Sciurus, 7. 
aurobrunnea Aonyx, 295. 
aurobrunnea, Lutra, 295. 
aurobrunnea, Lutra, 206. 
auropunctata, Viverra, 251. 
auropunctatus, Herpestes 251. 
australasia, Canis, familiaris var., 
266. 
australiae, Chrysaeus, 266. 
australis, Balaena 312. 
australis, Belideus, 340. 
australis, Cavia, 109. 
australis, Halicore, 327. 
australis, Petaurus, 340. 
avellanarius, Mus, 45. 
avellanarius, Muscardinus, 45. 
avellanarius, Myoxus, 45. 
Axis, 174. i 
axis, Cervus, 181, 
axis, Cervus, 182. 


B 


Babirussa, 196. 

babirussa, Sus, 196. 
bachmani, Lepus, 120. 
bactriana, Alactaga, \10t. 
bactrianus, Camelus, 1g. 
bactrianus, Mus, 74. 
bactrianus, Spermophilus, 41. 
badging, Sciurus, 23. 
badius, Herpestes, 257. 
badius, Mus, 83. 

badius, Rhizomys, 97. 
bahrainja, Cervus, 179. 
baibacina, Arctomys, 44. 
baillonii, Arvicola, 93. 
bairdi, Lepus, 120. 

Balaena, 312. 

Balaenoptera, 313. 
bandicota, Mus, 57, 58. 
bandicota, Mus (Nesokia), 57. 
bandicota Nesokia, 57. 
bangkana Sciurus prevostii, var., 24. 
banteng, Bibos, 127. 

barang, Lutra, 294. 
Barangia, 291. 

barbara, Galeva, 284. 
barbara, Galictis, 283. 
barbara, Mustela, 283. 
barbarus, Canis, 265. 
barbarus, Cervus, 183. 
barbarus, Leo, 214. 

barbata, Cynogale, 250. 
barbata, Galera, 284. 
barbata, Phoca, :s08. 
barbatus, Callocephalus, 308. 
barbatus, Erignathus, 308. 


353 


barbatus, Gulo, 283. 

barbatus, Potamophilus, 250. 

barbei, Sciurus, 27. 

barclayanus, Mus (Nesokia), §5. 

Bathyergus, 98. 

beatrix, Oryx, 156. 

beavani, Mus, 80. 

beden, Aegoceros, 144. 

beden, Capra, 144. 

beisa, Antilope, 155. 

beisa, Oryx, 155. 

Belideus, 340. 

Beluga, 317. 

beluga, Delphinapterus, 317. 

bengalensis, Arvicola, 55 

bengalensis, Canis, 271. 

bengalensis, Cynalopex, 271. 

bengalensis, Felis, 223. 

bengalensis, Hystrix, 106. 

bengalensis, Mus (Nesokia), 55- 

bengalensis, Nesokia, 55. 

bengalensis, Sus, 193. 

bengalensis, Viverra, 238. 

bengalensis, Vulpcs, 271. 

bennetti, Antilope, 159. 

bennetti, Cynogale, 250. 

bennetti, Gazella, 159. 

bennetti, Halmaturus 334. 

bennetti, Herpestes, 256. 

bennetti, Macropus, ruficuoliis var, 
334- 

bennetti, Tragops. 159. 

bennetti, Viverriceps, 225. 

berdmorei, Mus, 71. 

berdmorei, Sciurus, 26. 

Bettongia, 338. 

besoartica, Antilope, 155, 162- 

bezoartica, Cervicapra, 162. 

Bibos, 124, 

bicolor, Arvicola, 8g. 

bicolor, Macroxus, 7. 

bicolor, Sciurus, 7. 

bicolor, Sciurus, 8, U1. 

bicolor, Tajirus, 198. 

bicornis, khinoceros, 205. 

biddulphi, Lepus, 114. 

bilineatus, Sciurus, 23. 

billardieri, Halmaturus, 335. 

billardieri, Kangurus, 335. 

billardieri, Macropus, 335. 

binturong, Arctictis, 249. 

binturong, Viverra, 249. 

bipes, Dipus, 100. 

birmanicus, Herpestes, auropuncta- 
tus, var., 252. 

Bison, 123. 

bivittatus, Scturus, 23. 

blanfordi, Arvicola, 91. 


354 


blanfordi, Dipus, 100. 
blanfordi, Mus, 70. 
blanfordi, Sciurus, 12. 
blanfordi, Sciurus, pygerythrus vaz., 
12. 
blythi, Arvicola, 91. 
blythi, Balaenoptera, 314. 
blythi, Cabra, 143. 
blythi, Ceratorhinus, 204. 
blythi, Sciurus, 18. 
blythianus, Mus (Nesokia), 55. 
bobac, Arctomys, 41, 42, 43. 
bocourti, Sciurus, 22. 
boiei, Viverra, 241. 
bombayanus, Sciurus, 10 
bonapartii, Genetta, 240. 
bondar, Paguma, 244. 
bondar, Paradoxurus, 244. 
bondar, Viverra, 244. 
booduga, Leggada, 80. 
borealis, Cystophora, 309. 
borealis, Felis, 229, 232. 
borealis, Gulo, 283. 
borealis, Lepus, 118, 120. 
borealis, Lyncus, 229, 232. 
bornensis, Sciurus, prevostii var., 24. 
Bos, 123. 
Boselaphus, 154. 
bougainvillei, Perameles, 345. 
bougensis, Sciurus, 30. 
bowersii, Mus, 62. 
brachyotus, Cercoleptes, 300. 
brachyotus, Sciurus, 31. 
brachyura, Felis, 221. 
brachyura, Manis, 330; 331. 
brachyura, Nesokia, 55. 
Brachyurus, 87. 
brachyurus, Halmaturus, 336. 
brachyurus, Herpestes, 255. 
brachyurus, Kangurus, 335. 
brachyurus, Leopardus, 221. 
brachyurus, Macropus, 335. 
brachyurus, Neofelis, 221. 
brachyurus, Procyon, 2¢8. 
brasiliensis, Lura, 297, 
brasiliensis, Lutra, 297. 
brevicaudatus, Gerbillus, 50, 
breviceps, Belideus, 340. 
breviceps, Didelphys, 348. 
breviceps, Geomys, 99. 
breviceps, Kogia, 315. 
breviceps, Petauras, 340. 
breviceps, Physeter, 315. 
brevirostris, Orcella, 318. 
brevirostris, Phocaena, 318. 
brittanicus, Arvicola, 93. 
brodiet, Sciurus, 25. 
broohes, Ovts, 136. 


INDEX. 


bruni, Didelphys, 337+ 
bruni, Dorcopsis, 337- 
bruni, Kangurus, 333: 
brunneus, Mus, 61. 
brunneusculus, Mus, 63. 
butalina, Antilope, 149. 
bubalina, Capricornis, 149. 
bubalinus, Nemorhaedus, 149 
bubalis, Bos, 129. 

Bubalus, 124. 

bubalus, Bos, 129. 
Budorcas, 151. 


~buduga, Leggada, @o. 


buduga, Mus (Leggada), 80. 
buffelus, Bos, 129. 

buffelus, Bubalus, 129. 
burcheli, Asinus, 200. 
burchelli, Equus, 200. 
burrhel, Ovis, 140. 
bursarius, Geomys, 99. 
bursarius, Mus, 99. 
bursarius, Pseudostoma, 99. 
bursarius, Saccophorus, 99. 
byroni, Phoca, 309. 


Cc 


caama, Alcephalus, 170. 
caama, Antilope, 170. 
caama, Boselaphus, 170. 
caama, Bubalus, 170. 


caama, Damalis (Acronctus), 170. 


caama, Fennecus, 273- 
caama, Megalotis, 273. 
caama, Vulpes, 273. 
caballus, Equus, 200. 
caecutiens, Buthyergus, 98. 
caffer, Bos, 130. 

caffer, Bubalus, 130. 
caffer, Chaus 232. 

caffer, Herpestes, 256. 
caffra, Felis, 232. 

caffra, Viverra, 256. 
Calictis, 250. 
californianus, Ovis, 138. 
californica, Didelphys, 348. 
californica, Lutra, 297. 
caligatu, Felis, 232. 
callotis, Lepus, 120. 
Calogale, 250. 

calomith:, Felis, 231. 
Calotragus, 166. 

calotus, Mustela, 28. 
calotus, Sciurus, 28. 
Camelopardalis, 171. 
camelopardalis, Cervus, 171. 


INDEX. 355 


camelopardalis, Girafta, 171. 
Camelus, 191. 

campestris, Antilope, 166. 
campestris, Pediotragus, 166. 
cana, Vulpes, 272. 
canadensis, Ascomys, 99. 
canadensis Castor, 44. 
canadensis, Cervus, 185. 
canadensis, Dipus, 99. 
canadensis, Felis, 232. 
canadensis, Latax, 297. 
canadensis, Lutra, 297. 
canadensis, Lyncus, 232. 


canadensis, Mustela, 276, 282, 297. 


canadensis, Ovis, 137. 
cancrivora, Didelphys, 348. 
cancrivora, Mesobema, 256. 
cancrivora, Urva, 256. 
canescens, Felis 231. 
canescens, Lepus, 118. 
canescens, Meles, 288. 
caniceps, Macroxus, 14. 
caniceps, Pteromys, 36. 
caniceps, Sciuropterus, 36. 
caniceps, Sciurus, 13. 
canigula, Mustela, 280. 
canigula, Putorius, 280. 
canina, Phalangista, 342. 
canina, Phoca, 307. 
caninus, Trichosurus, 342. 
Canis, 261. 

canna Antilope (Oreas), 152. 
canna, Damalis (Boselaphus:, 153. 
canna Oreas, 152. 

Caoti, 298. 

Capella, 1§1. 

capensis, Cavia, 208. 
capensis, Elephas, 208. 
capensis, Felis, 231. 
capensis, Georychus, 99. 
capensis, Hippopotamus, 197. 
capensis, Hyaena, 259. 
capensis, Hyrax, 208. 
capensis, Ictonyx, 284. 
capensis, Lepus, 119. 
capensis, Mus 99. 
capensis, Myrmecophaga, 332. 
capensis, Orycteropus, 332. 
capensis, Oryx, 155. 
capensis, Sciurus, 31. 
capensis, Sti epsiceros, 153. 
capensis, XNerus, 31. 
capensis, Zorilla, 284. 
capistratus, Sciurus, 29. 
Capra, 142. 

capraea, Capreolus, 187. 
Capreolus, 187. 


capreolus, Cervus (Capreolus), 187. 


Capricornis, 147. 
Caprolagus, 112. 

Caprovis, 131. 

capybara, Hydrochoerus, 109. 
Caracal, 212. 

caracal, Felis, 230. 

caracal, Lynx, 230. 
carcharias, Viverra, 250. 
carcinophaga, Lobodon, 308. 
carcinophaga, Phoca, 308. 
carcinophagus, Stenorhyncus, 308, 
Cariacus, 187. 

caribou Rangifer, 188. 
CARNIVORA, 209. 
carolinensis, Felis, 233. 
carolinensis, Sciurus, 29. 
carolinus, Sciurus, 29. 
cashmeerianus, Cervus, 184. 
cashmerensis. Cervus, 184. 
castaneoventris, Sciurus, 17. 
castaneus, Rhizomys, 97. 
Castor, 44. 

catenata, Felis, 231. 

cathia, Putorius, 281. 
Catoblepas, 170. 

catodon, Beluga, 317. 
Catolynx, 212. 

catolynx, Felis, 228. 

catus, Felis, 232. 

catus, Felis, 233. 

caucasica, Capra, 143. 
caudata, An‘ilope, 149. 
caudata, Felis, 229. 
caudatior, Mus, 69. 
caudatus, Arctomys, 43. 
caudatus, Arctomys, 43. 
caudatus, Chaus, 229. 
caudatus, Nemorhaedus, 149. 
caudatus, Urotragus, 149. , 
caudimaculata, Hapalotis, 84. 
caudivolvula, Didelphys, 341. 
caudivolvula, Viverra, 299. 
caudivolvulus, Cercolept s, 299. 
caudivolvulus, Potos, 300 
caudivolyulus, Ursus, 300. 
Cavia, 108. 

cavifrons, Bibos, 124. 

cawi, Ichneumon, 257. 
ceilonensis, Sciurus, 11. 
celebensis, Cuscus, 343. 
celebensis, Phalanger, 343. 
celidogaster, Felis, 225. 
celidogaster, Leopaidus, 225. 
Cephalophus, 167. 
Ceratorhinus, 201 

Cercolabes, 103. 

Cercoleptes, 299. 

Cervicapra, 104. 


356 


cervicapra, Antilcpe, 162. 
cervicolor, Mus, 75. 
cervicolor, Mus, 8o. 
eervina, Ovis, 138. 
Cervulus, 172. 

Cervus, 174. 

CETACEA, 310. 

ceylanicus, Herpestes, 255. 
ceylonicus, Sciurus, 11. 
ceylonus, Mus, 63. 

chaltoni, Catolynx, 221. 
chaltoni, Felis, 221. 
chaltoni, Uncia, 221. 
chanco, Canis, 263. 

chanco, Lupus, 263. 

Chaus, 212. 

chaus, Felis, 227. 

chaus, Lynx, 228. 

chickara, Antilope, 168. 
chickara, Tetracerus, 168. 
chinensis, Felis, 223. 
chinensis, Leopardus, 219, 223. 
chinensis, Lutra, 292. 
chinensis, Sciurus, 19. 
Chiropodomys, 81. 

chiru, Antilope, 164. 
Cholopus, 328. 

christt, Gazella, 159. 
Chrvsaeus, 260. 
chrysogaster, Galidictis, 274. 
chrysogaster, Hydromys, 45. 
chrysogaster, Moschus, 172. 
chrysonotus, Sciurus 13. 
chrysothryx, Sciuropterus, 35. 
chrysurus, Canis, 271. 
cicognani, Mustela, 279. 
cineraceus, Eupetaurus, 4o. 
cineraceus, Pteromys, 33. 
cineraceus, Pteromys, oral var., 33. 
cinerea, Lutra, 299. 
cinereo-argentatus, Canis, 273. 
cinereus, Geomys, 99. 
cinereus, Phascolarctus, 343. 
cinereus, Rhizomys, 95. 
cinereus, Sciurus, 29. 
cinnamoneus, Mus, 69. 
cinnamoneus, Sciurus, 22. 
cinnamoneus, Ursus, 305. 
civetta, Viverra, 239. 
civettina, Vive-ra, 237. 
civettoides, Viverra, 236. 
Clymene, 324. 

Clymenia, 324. 

cobaya, Cavia, 109. 
coecutiens, Georychus, 98. 
Coelogenus, 108. 
Coelogenys, 108, 

coffaeus, Mus, 84. 


INDEX, 


collaris, Arctonyx, 290. 
collaris, Mydaus, 290. 
collaris, Ursus, 304. 
communis, Phocaena, 317. 
concolor, Felis, 230. 
concolor, Leopardus, 230. 
concolor, Mus, 68. 
concolor, Sciurus, 14. 
conditor, Hapalotis, 84. 
conditor, Mus, 84. 
congicus, Xerus 31. 
Connochaetes, 170. 
cooki, Phalangista, 341. 
cooki, Pseudochirus, 341. 
cora, Gazella, 158. 
couguar, Felis, 230. 
craspidotis, Lepus, 115. 
crassicaudata, Manis. 330. 
crassicaudata, Phascogale, 348. 
crassicaudata, Sminthopsis, 348. 
crassicaudatus, Podabrus, 348. 
crassipes, Mus, 63, 73. 
Cricetomys, 87. 
Cricetus, 85. 
crispa, Antilope, 149. 
cristata, Cystopkora, 309. 
cristata, Hystrix, 105. 
cristata, Hystrix, 105. 
cristata, Mirounga, 309. 
cristata, Phoca, 309. 
cristata, Viverra, 258. 
cristatus, Proteles, 258. 
cristatus, Stemmatopus, 309. 
cristatus, Sus, 193. 
Crocuta, 258. 
crocuta, Canis, 259. 
crocuta, Hyaena, 259. 
Crossarchus, 258. 
crossit, Ceratorhinus, 204. 
crossti, Paradoxurus, 243. 
crossit, Rhinoceros, 204. 
cryptorhinus, Gerbillus, 50. 
cuandu, Hystrix, 103. 
cuja, Viverra, 284. 
cummingii, Octodon, 103. 
cunicularis, Mus, 75. 
cuniculus, Bettongia. 338. 
cuniculus, Hypsiprymnus, 338. 
cuniculus, Lepus, 118. 
Cuon, 260. 
curzoniae, Lagomys, 110. 
Cuscus, 343. 
cuviert, Acanthion, 105. 
cuviert, Gerbillus, 47. 
cuvieri, Oedocephalus, 105. 
cycloceros, Ovis, 138. 
ynaelurus, 235. 
Cynailurus, 235. 


INDEX. 357 


Cynalopex, 267. dorcas, Capra, 157. 
cynocephala, Didelphys, 346. dorcas, Gazella, 157. 
cynocephalus, Thylacinus, 346. dorcas, Gazella, 157, 158. 
Cynofelis, 235. Dorcopsis, 337. 

Cynogale, 240. dorsalis, Halmaturus, 334. 
Cystophora, 309. dorsalis, Macropus, 334. 


dorsalis, Nasua, 299. 
dorsata, Hystrix, 103. 


D dorsata, Phoca, 308. 
dorsatus, Erethizon, 103. 

dabagala, Xerus, 31. dromas, Camelus, 192. 
daccaensis, Mus, 55. dromedarius, Camelus, 192. 
dalmanni, Pholidotus, 331. Dromicia, 339, 
Dama, 174. drummondii, Geomys, 99. 
dama, Cervus, 186. dubius, Mus, §5, 71. 
darjeelingensis, Mus, 71. dubius, Paradoxurus, 243. 
darwinii, Felis, 231. dugong, Halicore, 326. 
Dasypus, 320. dugung, Trichechus, 326, 
Dasyurus, 346. dukhanensis, Canis, 260. 
dayanus, Lepus, 115. dukhunensis, Cuon, 260. 
decumana, Alactaga, 1o1. dumecolus, Mus, 83. 
decumana, Dipus, 101. dumeticola, Mus (Vandeleuria), 83. 
decumanoides, Mus, 61, 63. dussumierti, Sciurus, 25. 
decumanus, Mus. 61. duvaucellii Antilope (Nemorhae- 
deductor, Globicephalus, 319. dus), 148. 
degus, Dendrobius, 103. duvauceli, Cervus, 179. 
degus, Octodon, 103. aduvauceli, Recurvus, 180. 
degus, Sciurus, 103. dybowskii, Cervus, 182. 


dekan, Nyctocleptes, 95. 
dekan, Rhizomys, 96. 


delesserti, Sciurus, 26. E 

Delphinapterus, 317, 

Delphinus, 321. Echinoprocta, 103. 

delphis, Delphinus, 321. Echidna, 349. 

Dendrobius, 102. edeni, Balaenoptera, 314. 
depressicornis, Anoa, 130 EDENTATA, 327. 

depressicornis, Antilope, 139. edwardsii, Antilope (Nemorhaedus), 
depressicornis, Bos, 130. 150. 

derbiana, Hemigalea, 241. Egoceros, 156. 

derbianus, Halmaturus 335. elaphoides, Cervus, 179. 

derbianus, Paradoxurus, 241. elaphoides, Cervus (Recurvus), 180. 
destructor, Arvicola, 92. elaphus, Cervus, 183. 

Diabolus, 346. elaphus, Cervus, 184. 

diardi, Felis, 220. eldi, Cervus, 180. 

diardi, Felis, 221. eldii, Panolia, 181. 

dichrous, Arctomys, 43. electra, Lagenorhynchus, 321. 
Dicotyles, 196. elegans, Macropus, 337. 
Dicranocerus, 170. eleotragus, Antilope (Cervicapra), 
didactylus, Bradypus, 328. 164. 

didactylus, Cholopus, 328. eleotragus, Antilope (Redunca), 165. 
Didelphys, 348. elephantina, Phoca, 309. 

dimorphe, Cervus, 181. Elephas, 206. 

dingo, Canis, 266. elliotanus, Mus(Nesokia), 58. 
dingo, Canis, familiaris var , 266 ellioti, Golunda, 83. 

Diplostoma, 9g. ellioti, Herpestes, 254. 

Dipus, 100. ellioti, Leopardus, 223. 

domestica, Felis, 233. ellioti, Lutra, 294. 


dorcas, Antilope, 157. ellioti, Viverriceps, 223. 


358 


ellipsiprymnus, Antilope, 164. 
ellipsiprymnus, Kobus, 164. 
E llobius, 94. 

elphinstonit, Sciurus, 10. 
empetra, Arctomys, 44. 
encoubert, Dasy'pus, 329- 
Enhydra, 297. 

ephippium, Macroxus, 7. 
ephippium, Sciurus, 7. 
equina, Antilope, 150. 
eguina, Antilope (Aigoceros), 156. 
equinus, Cervus, 176. 
equinus, Hippotragus, 156. 
Equus, 198. - 

Erethizon, 103- 

erminea, Foetorius, 279. 
erminea, Mustela, 278. 
erminea, Putorius, 278. 
erythraeus, Sciurus, 15. 
erythraeus, Sciurus, 17. 
erythrogaster, Macroxus, 16. 
erythrogaster, Sciurus, 16. 
erythrogenys, Rhiz mys, 96. 
erythrogenys, Sciurus, 24. 
erythromelas, Sciurus, 24. 
erythronotus, Mus, 75. 
erythropus, Sciurus, 31. 
erythropus, Xerus, 31. 
erythrotis, Felis, 228. 
erythrotis, Mus, 70. 
erythrourus, Gerbillus, 49, 50. 
erythrurus, Gerbillus, 49. 
eschrichti, Delphinus, 321. 
esculentus, Glis, 45. 
euchore, Antidorcas, 162. 
euchore, Antilope, 162. 
euchore, Gazella, 162. 
eugenit, Kangurus, 325. 
eugenii, Macropus, 335. 
Eupetaurus, 40. 
Euphractus, 329. 
Euphysetes, 315. 

Eupleres, 250. 

europaeus, Capreolus, 187. 
europaeus, Castor, 44. 
europaeus, Lepus, 118. 
europaeus, Meles, 288. 
europaeus, Sciurus, 28. 
eurynome, Delphinus, 323. 
euryspilus, Helarctos, 504. 
eustephanus, Cervus, 184. 


F 


falconeri, Aegoceros (Capra), 145. 
falconeri, Capra, 145. 
falklandica, Cystophora, 305. 


INDEX. 


familiaris, Canis, 266. 
familiaris, Canis, 260. 
fasciata, Hyaena, 259. 
fasciatus, Crossarchus, 2538. 
fasciatus, Herpestes, 258. 
fasciatus, Kangurus, 337. 
faciatus Lagorchestes, 337. 
fasciatus, Lagostrophus, 337- 
fasciatus, Lynx, 233. 
Jasciatus, Mungos, 258. 
fasciatus, Myrmecobius, 348. 
fasciatus, Paradoxurus, 244. 
fasciculata, Atherura, 104- 
fasciculata, Hystrizx, 106. 
felinus, Paradoxurus, 244. 
Felis, 212. 

Senestratus, Dasypus, 329. 
ferox, Ursus, 303, 304. 
Serrilatus, Cynalopex, 272. 
ferrilatus, Vulpes, 272. 
Serrugineus, Herpestes, 254. 
ferrugineus, Sciurus, 22. 
Fiber, 87. 

fiber, Castor, 44. 
jimbriatus, Cynictis, 254. 
jimbriatus, Herpestes, 253. 
Jjimbriatus, Pteromys, 37- 
fimbriatus, Sciuropterus, 37. 
Jintaysonii, Paradoxurus, 243. 
finlaysoni, Scturus, 22. 
flavescens, Mus, 63. 
flavescens, Vulpes, 268, 270. 
fiavidens, Herpestes, 255. 
fiavigula, Martes, 274. 
filavigula, Mustela, 273. 
flavimanus, Sciurus, 12, 15. 
flavipes, Antechinus, 347. 
flavipes, Phascogale, 347. 
Slaviventer, Belideus, 340. 
fiaviventer, Petaurus, 340. 
flavus, Caudivolvulus, 302. 
flavus, Lemur, 299, 

flavus, Xerus, 31. 
floridanus, Lynx, 233. 
floweri, Rhinoceros, 203. 
fluminalis, Orcella, 319. 
foetidus, Putorius, 277. 
Foetorius, 276. 

foina, Martes, 275: 

foina, Mustela, 275. 
Sontanieri, Felis, 218. 
Sormosianus, Ursus, 303. 
Sossor, Wombatus, 344. 
fraenatus, Macropus, 336. 
Srederici, Herpestes, 253. 
frenata, Onychogale, 336. 
frithi, Delphinus, 322. 
frontalis, Bibos, 125. 


INDEX. 


frontalis, Bos, 126. 

frontalis, Cervus, 181. 

frontalis, Gavaeus, 126. 

Srontatus, Delphinus, 325. 

frontatus, Steno, 325. 

fulgens, Aelurus, 300. 

fuliginosus, Canis, 264. 

fuliginosus, Sciurus, 29. 

fuliginosus, Trichosurus, vulpecula 
var, 342. 

fulvescens, Herpestes, 255. 

fulvescens, Mus, 69. 

fulvidiventris, Mus, 80. 

fulviventer, Moschus, 189. 

fulvolavatus, Hydromys, 46. 

fulvus, Arvicola, 89. 

fulvus, Canis, 268. 

fulvus, Coelogenus, 108. 

Sulvus, Cricetus, 86. 

Sulvus, Meriones, 50. 

fulvus, Sciurus, 28. 

fulvus, Vulpes, 268. 

fulvus Vulpes, alopex var., 263. 

fumigatus, Lepus, 120. 

Surcifer, Antilope, 171. 

furcifer, Antilope (Dicranoceros), 


171. 
Suro, Mustela, 277. 
furo, Putorius, foetidus var., 278. 
fusca, Mustela, 270. 
fusca, Nasua, 299. 
fusca, Osmetectis, 256. 
fusca, Viverra, 256. 
Suscatus, Tragulus, 190. 
fuscifrons, Gazella, 160. 
fuscocapillus, Ellobius, 94. 
Suscocapillus, Georychus, 94- 
Suscocapillus, Myospalax, 94. 
fuscocapillus, Pteromys 39. 
fuscocapillus, Sciuropterus 39. 
fuscus, Herpestes, 255. 
Fuscus, Ornithorhynchus, 349. 
fuscus, Phascolarctus, 343. 
fuscus, Schizodon, 102. 
Suscus, Xerus, 31. 
Susiformis, Delphinus, 321. 


G 


gabbii, Bassaricyon, 299. 
gadamu, Delphinus, 325. 
gadamu, Sutalia, 325. 
gale, Mustela, 279. 
galeopardus, Felis, 231. 
Galera, 283. 

galera, Herpestes, 257. 
galera, Ichneumon, 257. 


359 


galera, Mustela, 257. 
Galictis, 283. 

galiniert, Herpestes, 257. 
gambianus, Cricetomys, 87. 
gambianus, Sciurus, 30. 
gangetica, Platanista, 315. 
gangeticus, Delphinus, 315. 
gaurus, Bibos, 124. 

gaurus, Bos, 124. 

gaurus, Gavaeus, 125, 
Gavaeus, 124. 

gavaeus, Bos, 126. 

gayaeus, Bos, 124. 

Gazella 157. 

gazella, Capra, 155. 
gazella, Oryx, 155. 
gedrosianus, Ursus, 303. 
Genetta, 240. 

genetta, Viverra, 240. 
geoffroyi, Dasyurus, 347. 
Geomys, 99. 

Georychus, 98. 

gerbillinus, Mus, 74. 
Gerbillus, 46. 

gerbillus, Dipus, 51. 

gerboa, Dipus, 100. 
germani, Sciurus, 22. 
ghoral, Kemas, 148. 
gibbosus, Zebus, 131. 
gigantea, Yerboa, 333- 
giganteus, Macropus, 333- 
giganteus, Mus, 57. 
giganteus, Mus (Neotoma), 57. 
giganteus, Mus (Nesokia), 57- 
giganteus, Sciurus, 8. 
giganteus, Sciurus, bicolor var., 8. 
gingianus, Sciurus, 23. 
Giraffa, 171. 

giraffa, Camelopardalis, 171. 
glacialis, Lepus, 118. 

glama, Auchenia, 192. 
glama, Camelus, 192. 
glareolus, Arvicola, 89. 
glareolus, Mus, 89. 
gleadowi, Gerbillus, 52. 
gleadowi, Mus, 77. 
gliriformis, Dromicia, 339. 
gliriformis, Phalangista, 339. 
glroides, Chiropodomys, 82. 
glirvoides, Mus, 82. 

glis, Mus, 45. 

glis, Myoxus, 45. 

glis, Sciurus, 45. 
Globicephalus, 319. 
globiceps, Delphinus, 319. 
gmelini, Ovis, 139. 

gnu, Antilope, 170. 

gnu, Antilope Boselaphus), 170. 


360 


gnu, Catoblepas, 170. 

gnu, Connochaetes, 170. 

godmant, Mustela, 276. 

Golunda, 83. 

goral, Antilope, 148. 

goral, Nemorhaedus, 148. 

gordoni, Sciurus, 16. 

goudoti, Eupleres, 250. 

gouldii, Hapalotis, 85. 

gouldi, Mus, 79. 

gour, Bos, 124. 

gracilis, Herpestes, 257. 

grandis, Pteromys, 30. 

granti, Calogale, 257. 

grayt, Bettongia, 338. 

grayi, Euphysetes, 315. 

grayi, Hypsiprymnus, 338. 

grayli, Mus, 79. 

grayi, Paguma, 247. 

gray, Paradoxurus, 247. 

gregarius, Mus, 92. 

grifithiz, Nesokia, 54. 

grifithit, Vulpes, 270. 

Grimmia, 167. 

grimmia, Cephalophus, 168. 

grisea, Antilope, 167. 

grisea, Antilope (Cervicapra), 167. 

grisea, Antilope (Tragulus), 167. 

grisea, Felis, 231. 

grisea, Mangusta 253. 

griseimanus, Sciurus, 12. 

griseimanus, Sciurus, pygerythrus 
var., 12. 

griseiventer, Pteromys, 33. 

griseiventer, Sciurus, 23. 

griseopectus, Sciurus, 17. 

griseus, Herpestes, 251, 253, 256. 

griseus, Lagomys, 110. 

griseus, Leopardus, 231. 

griseus, Oreotragus, 167. 

Grisonta, 283. 

groenlandica, Phoca, 308. 

groenlandicus, Callocephalus, 308. 

groenlandicus, Pagopilus, 308. 

groenlandicus, Rangifer, 188. 

grotei, Acanthochoerus, 106. 

grunniens, Bos, 128. 

grunniens, Poephagus, 128. 

guentheri, Arvicola, 93. 

Gueparda, 225. 

gularis, Procyon, 298. 

Gulo, 283. 

gulo, Mustela, 283. 

gulo, Taxus, 283. 

gulo, Ursus, 283. 

gunni, Perameces, 345. 

guttata, Cynofelis, 235. 

guttata, Felis, 235. 


INDEX. 


guttata, Gueparda, 235. 
guy, Manis, 332. 
gwatkinsti, Martes, 274. 
Gymnomys, 84. 

Gymnopus, 276. 

gymnotis, Lagorchestes, 337+ 


H 


habessinicus, Lepus, 119. 
Halicore, 326. 

Hapalomys, 82. 

Hapalotis, 84. 

Haploceros, 151. 

hardwickii, Gerbillus, 47. 
hardwickii, Hemigale, 241. 
hardwickii, Mus, 5%. 
hardwickit, Mus (Nesokia) §4. 
hardwickii, Mustela, 273. 
hardwickii, Nesokia, 53. 
hardwickit, Viverra, 241. 
haroja, Phacochoerus, 197. 
harrisi, Thylacinus, 346. 
hazenna, Antilope, 159. 
Helarctos, 301. 

Helictis, 284. 

hemachalanus, Arctomys, 42, 43- 
Hemigale. 241. 

Hemigalea, 241. 

Hemigalus, 241. 

hemionus, Asinus, 199. 
hemionus, Equus, 198. 
Hemitragus, 142. 
hemprichiana, Antilope, 165. 
Hepoona, 341. 

hercynicus, H pudaeus, 80. 
hermaphrodita, Viverra, 243. 
hermaphroditus, Paradoxurus, 243. 
hermaphroditus, Paradoxurus, 244. 
hernandezit, Procyon, 298. 
Herpestes, 250. 

herschelli, Feliis, 223. 
Hesperomys, 85 

heterocurvus, Rusa, 176. 
Heteropus, 336. 

hiternicus, Lepus, 118. 
Aimalaicus, Vulpes, 268. 
Aimalayana, Capra, 144. 
himalayana, Felis, 225. 
himalayanus, Arctomys, 41. 
hippelaphus, Cervus, 179. 
hippelaphus, Cervus, 176. 
hippelaphus, Tragelaphus, 154. 
Hippopotamus, 197. 
Hippotragus, 156. 

hippurus, Sciurus, 18, 


hippurus, Scturus, 16. 
Hurcus, 142. 

hircus, Capra, 147. 
hirsutirostris, Hystrix, 105. 
hirsutus, Mus, 84. 


hirsutus, Paradoxurus, 244. 


hispidus, Caprolagus, 117. 
hispidus, Lepus, 117. 
hodgsonii, Acanthion, 106. 
hodgsonit, Antilope, 163. 
hodgsoni, Arctomys, 42. 
hodgsonii, Hystrix, 106. 
hodgsonti, Kemas, 164. 
hodgsonii, Lagomys, 112. 
hodgsont, Mustela, 280. 
hodgsoni, Ovis, 126. 
hodgsoni, Pantholops, 163. 
hoffmanni, Cholopus, 328. 
homourus, Mus, 71. 
horeites, Mus, 63. 
horsfieldit, Aonyx, 296. 
horsfieldit, Leopardus, 223. 
horsfieldit, Mustela, 280. 
horsfieldii, Sciuropterus, 39. 
horsfieldii, Vison, 280. 


hottentottus, Bathyergus, 98. 


hudsonica, Lutra, 297. 
hudsonius, Dipus, 99. 
hudsonius, Hystrix, 103. 
hudsonius, Lepus, 120. 
hudsonius, Sciurus, 29. 
hudsonius, Sciurus, 40. 
hudsonius, Zapus, gg. 
humei, Mus, 70. 
humeralis, Mustela, 280. 
humeralis, Scvurus, 7. 
hurrianae, Gerbillus, 50. 
huttoni, Felis, 233. 
huttoni, Mus, 54. 
huttoni, Nesokia, 54. 
Hyaena, 258. 

hyaena, Canis, 258. 
hyaenoides, Viverra, 258. 
Hydrochoerus, 109. 
Hydromys, 45. 
hydrophila, Nesokia, 58. 
Hyelaphus, 175. 
hylocrius, Capra, 146. 
hylocrius, Hemttragus, 146. 
hylocrius, Kemas, 146, 
hyperythrus, Sciurus, 15. 
hypoleucus, Sciurus, 7. 
hypsibius, Lepus, 113. 
Hypudaeus 93. 
Hypudaeus, 87. 
HyracolpEa, 208, 
Hyrax, 208. 

Hystrix, 104. 


INDEX, 


hystrix, Echidna, 349. 


hystrix, Ornithorhynchus, 349. 


Ibex, 142. 

ibex, Aegoceros, 143. 

ibex, Capra, 143. 
Ichneumon, 250. 
ichneumon, Viverra, 258. 
Ictides, 249. 

Ictonyx, 284. 

imberbis, Strepsiceros, 153. 
inauritus, Ursitaxus, 287. 
inconspicua, Felis, 228, 232. 
inconspicua, Leopardus, 232. 
indi, Platanista, 315. 
indica, Alactaga, 101. 
indica, Arvicola, 53. 
indica, Balaenoptera, 313. 
indica, Lutra, 292. 

indica, Mellivora, 287. 
indica, Meminna, 189 
tnd-cu, Nesokia, 55. 
indica, Spalacomys, 54. 
indica, Viverra, 238. 
indica, Viverricula, 238. 
indicus, Asinus, 199. 
indicus, Bos, 131. 

indicus, Canis aureus, 265. 
tndicus, Canis (Vulpes), 271. 
indicus, Dipus, 47. 

indicus, Elephas, 206. 
indicus, Gerbillus, 47. 
indicus, Globicephalus, 319. 
indicus, Globicephalus, 318. 
indicus, Halicore, 326. 
indicus, Manis, 330. 
indicus, Meles, 287. 
indicus, Mus, 57, 63. 
indicus, Oxygous, 265. 
indicus, Pholidotus, 330. 


| indicus, Ratelus, 287. 
| indicus, Rhinoceros, 202. 


indicus, Sciurus, ro. 
indicus, Sus, 193. 
indicus, Tapirus, 198 
indicus, Ursus, 287. 
indigitatus Aonyx, 206, 
indigitatus, Lutra, 296. 
infrulineatus, Mus, 63. 
inornatus, Pteromys, 1,6. 
tnornatus, Sciurus, 12, 
inornatus, Ursus, 306. 
insectivorus, Cynalopex, 271%, 
insignis, Sciurus, 28. 


361 


362 


insularis, Lemnus, 93. 
intermedia, Mustela, 275. 
intermedius, Ellobius, 94. 


interscapularis, Antilope, 159. 


todes, Tetracerus, 169. 
todoprymnus, Herpestes, 257. 
irbis, Felis, 218. 

irbis, Uncia, 218. 

isabella, Gazella, 157. 
isabellina, Felis, 229. 
isabellinus, Cricetus, 85. 
isabellinus, Lyncus, 229. 
isabellinus, Ursus, 302. 
Isomys, 53. 

isonotus, Sus, aper var., 193. 
tsonyx, Arctonyx, 290. 
Lsoodon, 345. 

italicus, Sciurus, 28. 

itatsi, Mustela, 282. 


J 


jacquemo.ti, Chorus, 228. 
jacquemonti, Felis, 228. 
jaculus, Dipus, roo. 
jaculus, Dipus, 101. 
jaculus, Mus, 100, 101. 
jagouarondi, Felis, 231. 
japonensis, Leopardus, 218, 
japonica, Rusa, 183. 
japonicus, Ursus, 305. 
jarat, Cervus, 176. 

jaraya, Rusa, 176. 
Jjavanensis, Felis, 223. 
Javanensis, Leopardus, 223. 
javanensis, Mephitis, 289. 
javanica, Manis, 331. 
javanica, Manis, 331. 
javanicus, Canis, 260. 
javanicus, Herpestes, 251. 
javanicus, Moschus, 190. 
Javanicus, Rhinoceros, 202 
Javanicus, Tragulus, 190. 
javanus, Pholidotus, 332. 
javanus, Sbalax, 95. 
Javensis, Sciurus. 7. 
jemlaica, Capra, 146. 
Jemlaicus, Hemitragus, 146. 
jerdoni, Capra, 146. 
jerdoni, Felis, 223. 
jerdoni, Herpestes, 255. 
jerdoni, Leggada, 69. 
jerdoni, Mus, 69. 

jerdoni, Paradoxurus, 246. 
Jharal, Capra, 146. 

Joong shaiensis, Lepus, 115. 
Jourdani, Paradoxurus, 243. 


INDEX. 


jubata, Cynofelis, 235. 
jubata, Felis, 235. 

jubata, Myrmecophaga, 328. 
jubatus, Cynaelurus, 235. 


K 


kakhyensis. Mus, 72. 
haleensis, Sciuropterus, 38. 
kanchil, Moschus, 189. 
kanchil, Tragulus, 189. 
kandianus, Mus, 63. 

kanei, Putortus, 279. 
karelini, Ovts, 133. 

kathiah, Gymnopus, 281. 
kathiah, Mustela, 281. 
kathiah, Putorius, 281. 
keitloa, Rhinoceres, 205. 
kelaarti, Sciturus, 25. 
Kemas, 147. 

kemas, Antilope (Oryx), 164. 
keraudrenit, Sciurus, 22. 
kerguelensis, Cystophora, 309. 
kiang, Equus, 199. 

kiang, Equus, haemionus var., 
kingit, Halmaturus, 334. 
kingit, Kerodon, 109. 
Kinkajou, 299. 

kirki, »seotragus, 166. 
Kobus, 164. 

Kogia, 315. 

kok, Mus, 55. 

kok Nesokia, bengalensis var., 55. 
kokvee, Canis, 271. 

kudu, Strepsiceros, 153. 

kudu, Sti epsiceros, 153. 

kutab, Lutra, 292. 

kutas, Felis, 228. 


199. 


L 


labiatus, Melursus, 306, 
labiatus, Prochilus, 306. 
labiatus, Ursus 306. 
labradorius, Dipus, 49. 
ladacensis Lagomys, 110, 
Lagenorhynchus, 321. 
lagomys, 109, 

lagopus, Canis, 264. 
lagopus, Dipus, too. 
lagopus,. Leucocyon, 264. 
lagopus, Vulpes, 264. 
Lagostomus, 108. 
Lagostrophus, 337. 
lagotis, Peragale, 344. 
lagotis, Perameles, 344. 


lalandi, Proteles, 258. 

Lama, 192. 

laniger, Canis, 262. 

laniger, Macropus, 333. 
laniger, Paguma, 249. 
laniger, Paradoxurus, 249. 
laniger, Paradoxurus, 247. 
lanigera, Antilope, 151. 
lanuginosa, Phalangista, 341. 
lanuginosus, Mus, 76. 
larvatus, Putorius, 278. 
lasiorhinus, Phascolomys, 344. 
lasiotis, Rhinoceros, 204. 
lasiurus, Platacanthomys, 46. 
Lataxina, 201. 

lataxina, Lutra, 297." 
laticauda, Manis, 330. 
laticaudatus, Rhinosciurus, 30. 
laticaudatus, Sciurus, 30. 
latifrons, Phascolomys, 344. 
latizrons, Phascolomys, 344. 
layardi, Sciuropterus, 39. 
layardi, Sciurus, 26. 

leachit, Pteromys, 37. 
lebrunti, Arvicola, 92. 
Leggada, 79. 

legura, Phoca, 308. 
lehmanni, Lepus, 114. 
Lemnus, 87. 

lemnus, Mus, 93. 

lemnus, Hypudaeus, 93. 
leutigenosa, Sotalia, 325. 
lentigenosa, Delphinus, 325. 
Leo, 212. ; 
leo, Felis, 214. 

leonina, Cystophora, 309. 
leonina, Phoca, 309. 
leoninus, Macrorhinus, 30g. 
Leopardus, 212. 

leopardus, Felis, 218. 

lepida, Leggada, 80. 

lepidus, Mus, 80. 

leporina, Phoca, 308. 
leptonyx, Aonyx, 266. 
leptonyx, Lutra, 295. 
leptura, Manis, 332. 

Lepus, 112. 

leschenaultii, Cervus, 176. 
leschenaltii, Sciurus, 7. 
lesueuri, Bettongia, 338. 
lesueurs, Hypsiprymnus, 338. 
leucas, Delphinapterns, 317. 
leucogaster, Hydromys, 46. 
leucogaster, Moschus, 172. 
leucogaster, Sciurus, 22. 
leucolachnaea, Martes, 275. 
leucomystax, Pag uma, 248. 
leucomystax, Paradoxurus, 248. 


INDEX, 


leuconyx, Ursus, 302. 
leucophueus, Hippotragus, 156. 
leucopleurus, Delphinus, 321. 


363 


leucopleurus, Lagenorhy nchus, 321. 


leucoprymnus, Bos, 127. 
leucopus, Hesperomys, 85. 
leucopus, Musculus, 85. 
leucopus, Mustela, 276. 
leucopus, Paradoxurus, 244. 
leucopus, Sciurus, 12. 
leucopus, Vulpes, 270. 
leucorhynchos, Nasua, 29. 
leucoryx, Antilope, 156. 
lercoryx, Oryx, 156. 
leucotis, Arctogaie, 241. 
leucotis, Mustela, 273. 
leucotis, Paradoxrurus, 241. 
leucotis, Sciurus, 29. 
leucotis, Tamtas, 27. 
leuco-umbrinus, Sciurus, 31. 
leucura, Arvicola, 93. 
leucura, Manis, 332. 
leucura, Meles, 289. 
leucura, Taxidea, 289. 
leucurus, Arvicola, 92. 
leucurus. Hystrix, 105. 
leucurus, Phaiomys, 91, 
levaillanti, Scturus, 32. 
leveriana, Viverra, 238. 
Linsang, 239. 

Lipurus, 343. 


- llacma, Auchenia, 102. 


loempo, Herpestes, 257. 
lokriah, Sciurus, 20. 
lokviah, Sciurus, 21. 
lokroides, Sciurus, 18. 
longicauda, Hystrix, 106. 
longicaudatus, Felis, 221. 
longicaudatus, Hapalomys, 82. 
longicaudatus, Lepus, 120. 
longipes, Dipus, 50. 
longipes, Mus, 50. 
longipilis, Mus, 79. 
longirostris, Delphinus, 322. 
longirostris, Ursus, 306. 
lotor, Meles, 208. 

lotor, Procyon, 298. 

lotor, Ursus, 298. 

lunata, Onychogale, 337. 
lunatus, Macropus, 337. 
lupina, Lutra, 297. 
lupulina, Felis, 229. 
Lupus, 261. 

lupus, Canis, 262. 

lupus, Canis, 263. 

luscus, Gulo, 283. 

luscus, Meles, 283. 

luscus, Ursus, 283. 


364 


Lutra, 291. 

lutra, Mustela, 292. 

sutra, Viverra, 292. 
lutreocephala, Mustela, 282. 
lutreocephala, Vison, 283. 
lutreola, Mustela, 282. 
lutreola, Vison, 283. 
lutreolus, Putorius, 283. 
lutris, Enhydra, 297. 

lutris, Lutra, 297. 

lutris Mustela, 297. 

lutris, Phoca, 297. 

lybica, Felis, 232. 

lybicus, Felis, 228. 

lybius, Melursus, 306. 

lynx, Felis, 229. 

lynx, Lynchus, 229. 
lyratus, Cervus, 181. 
dysteri, Sciurus (Tamias), 30. 


M 


maccarthiae, Cynichs, 255. 
maccarthiae, Herpestes, 255. 


maccarthiae, Onychogale, 255. 


macclellandi, Sciurus, 27. 
machlis, Alces, 186. 
macrocelis, Felis, 220. 
macrocelis, Neofelis, 221. 
macrocelts, Uncia, 221. 
macroceloides, Felis, 220. 
macroceloides, Uncia, 221. 


macrocephalus, Physeter, 314. 


macrodus, Paradoxurus, 246. 
Macropus, 332. 
macropus, Gymnomys, 84. 
macropus, Mus, 58, 84. 
macropus, Uromys, 84. 
Macrorhinus, 309. 
macrotarsus, Dipus, 100. 
Macrotis, 344. 

macrotis, Lagomys, 110. 
macrotus, Lepus, 116. 
macroura, Atherura, 104. 
macroura, Hystrix, 104. 
macroura, Voluce/la, 340. 
macrourus, Dasyurus, 346. 
macrourus, Sciurus, 11. 
Macroxus, 4. 
macruroides, Sciurus, 8. 
macrurus, Podabrus, 348. 
maculata, Axis, 181. 
maculata, Crocuta, 259. 
maculata, Didelphys, 347. 
maculata, Felis, 233. 
maculata, Hyaena, 259. 


INDEX. 


maculata, Viverra, 346. 
maculatus, Dasyurus, 346. 
maculosus, Prionodon, 239. 


madagascariensis, Herpestes, 256. 


magnificus, Pteromys, 35. 
major, Axis, 181. 

major, Ichneumon, 257. 
major, Mactropus, 333- 
malabarica, Hystriz, 105. 
malabaricus, Mus, 57. 
malabaricus, Sciurus, 10. 
malaccensis. Herpestes, 252. 
malaccensis, Viverra, 238. 
malaccensis, Viverricula, 238. 
malayanus, Helarctos, 303, 304. 
malayanus, Prorhilus, 204. 
malayanus, Tapirus, 198, 
malayanus, Ursus, 304. 


mandoka, Antilope (Neotragus), 165. 


mandoqua, Anvilope, 168. 
mandoqua, Cephalophus, 168. 
mandoqua, Grimmia, 168. 
manei, Mus, 71. 

Mangusta, 250. 
maniculata, Felis, 232, 233. 
Manis, 329. 

manul, Felis, 226. 

maral, Cervus, 184. 
margarita, Felis, 232. 
marina, Lutra, 297. 
marina, Latax, 297. 
marinus, Ursus, 3 5. 
maritimus, Bathyergus, ¢8. 
maritimus, Mus 98. 
maritimus, Thalarctos, 305. 
maritimus, Thalassarctos, 305. 
maritimus, Ursus, 3c5. 
marmorata, Felis, 221. 
marmorata, Uncia, 22:. 
marmoratus, Cutols 1x, 221. 
marmoratus, Leopardus, 221. 
marmota, Arctomys, 44. 
marmota, Mus, 44. 
MARSUPIALI4, 332. 
marsupialis, Didelphys, 348. 
Martes, 273. 

martes, Mustela, 274. 
martes, Mustela, 276. 
martinus, Mustela, 276. 
maugei, Dasyurus, 347. 
mauritanicus, Dipus, 100. 
maximus, Sciurus, 10, 11. 
maximus, Elephas, 206, 208. 
Mazama, 187. 

megabalia, Felis, 235. 
megaceros, Capra, 145. 
megaceros, Hircus, 145. 
megalotis, Felis, 233. 


megalotus, Cercoleptes, 300. 
megaspila, Viverra, 237. 
melampus, Aepyceros, 169. 
melampus, Antilope, 169. 
melanauchen, Lepus, 117. 
melanogaster, Vulpes, 268. 
melanoleucus, Atluropoda, 301. 
melanoleucus, Ailuropus, 301. 
melanoleucus, Ursus, 301. 
melanopsis, Pteromys, 36. 
melanorhyncha, Mustela, 276. 
melanotis, Antilope, 167. 
melanotis, Calotragus, 167. 
melanotis, Caracal, 230. 
melanotis, Hypsiprymnus 338. 
melanotis, Nanotragus, 167. 
melanotis, Pteromys, 30. 
melanotis, Sciurus, 21. 
melanura, Felis, 231. 
melanura, Cynictis, 257. 
melanurus, Viverra, 235. 
melas, Cervus, 173. 

melas, Delphinus, 318, 319. 
melas, Felis, 218. 

melas, Globicephalus, 319. 
Meles, 288. 

meles, Ursus, 288. 

meliceps, Mydaus, 289. 
Mellivora, 287. 

mellivorus, Ratelus, 287. 
Melogale, 284. 

meltada, Golunda, 76. 
Melursus, 306. 

Meminna, 188. 

meminna, Moschus, 189. 
meminna, Tragulus, 189. 
mephitica, Mephitis, 291. 
mephitica, Viverra, 291. 
Mephitis, 291. 

mephitis, Viverra, 291. 
mergens, Antilope, 167. 
mergens, Cephalophus, 167. 
meridianus, Dipus, 50. 
meridianus, Gerbillus, 50. 
meridianus, Meriones, 50. 
meridianus, Mus, 50. 
meridianus, Rhombomys, 50. 
Meriones, 46. — 

Mesobema, 250. 

mesomelas, Canis, 266. 
mesomelas, Vulpes, 266. 
messorius, Mus, 78. 
mettada, Mus, 76. 
mexicana, Felis 23. 
mexicanus, Cariacus, 187. 
mexicanus, Cervus, 187 
microcephalu , Meriones, 9g. 
microphthalmos, Spalax, 94. 


INDEX, 365 


Microtus, 87. 

micrurus, Cervulus, 174, 
migratorius, Sciurus, 29. 
milne-edwardsti, Capricornis, 150. 
mimenoides, Tragulus, 189. 
minor, Axis, 181. 

minuta, Felis, 223. 

minutus, Mus, 78. 

minx, Mustela, 282. 


' mitchellii, Dipus, 85. 


mitchelli, Hapalotis, 85. 
mitchelli, Phascolomys, 344. 
mitrata, Phoca, 309. 
modestus, Sciurus, 20, 
molagan, Delphinapterus, 318. 
mollis, Lataxina, 297. 
monax, Arctomys, 44. 
monax, Mus, 44. 

monoceros, Monodon, 317. 
Monodon, 316. 
MoNOTREMATA, 349. 
montana, Antilope, 166. 
montana, Nasua, 299. 
montana, Ovis, 138, 139, 151. 
montanus, Haploceros, 151. 
montanus, Lynx, 233. 
montanus, Nanotragus, 166. 
montanus, Paradoxurus, 247, 
montanus, Scopophorus, 166. 
montanus, Vulpes, 268. 
montanus, Vulpes, alopex var., 268, 


-monticola, Arvicola, 92. 


monticola, Lutra, 294. 
monticolus, Herpestes, 255. 
monticolus, Lutra, 292. 
moormensis, Felis, 222. 
moormensis, Leopardus, 222, 
morungensis, Mus, 55. 
moschata, Helictis, 286. 
moschatus, Cervulus, 173. 
moschatus, Prox, 173. 
moschiferus, Moschus, 172. 
Moschus, 171. 

mouhotii, Sciurus, 26. 
maulleri, Dorcopsis, 337. 
mullert, Macropus, 337: 
multicolor, Sciurus, 30. 
mungo, Herpestes, 253. 
mungo, Herpestes, 258. 
mungo, Viverra, 253. 
Mungos, 250, 

mungos, Mangusta, 253. 
muntjac, Cervulus, 173. 
Muntjacus, 172. 
muntjacus, Stylocerus, 173. 
muntjak, Cervus, 173. 

Mus, 59. 

musanga, Paradoxurus, 243, 244. 


366 


musanga, Viverra, 243. 
musangoides, Paradoxurus, 243. 
Muscardinus, 45. 

muscardinus, Myoxus, 45. 
musculus, Mus, 78. 

musculus, Mus, 71. 
musignant, Arvicola, 92. 
Mustela, 273. 

mustelina, Rhabdogale, 284. 
mutgigella, Herpestes, 257. 
mutscheltschela, Herpestes, 257. 
Mydaus, 289. 

Myodes, 87. 

Myodes, Subg.. 89. 

Myospalax, 94. 

myosuros, Perameles, 345. . 
Myoxus, 45. 

Myrmecobius, 348. 
Myrmecophaga, 328. 
mysticetus, Balaena, 312, 


N 


nageri, Hypudaeus, 89. 
nahoor, Ovis, 140. 
nahoor, Pseudois, 140. 
nair, Lutra, 292, 29-4. 
namaquensis, Sciurus, 31, 
nana, Dromicia, 339. 
nana, Phalangista, 339. 
Nannomys, 79. 
Nanotragus, 166. 

nanus, Gerbillus, 51. 
nanus, Lepus, 120. 

napu, Moschus, 190. 
napu, Tragu.us, Igo. 
narica, Nasua, 299 
narica, Viverra, 299. 
nasalis, Rhinoceros, 203. 
nasica, Nasua, 299. 
Nasua, 208. 

nasua, Ursus, 209. 
nasua, Viverra, 298. 
nasuta, Perameles, 345. 
natalensis, Antilope, 168, 
natalensis, Cephalophus, 168. 
nautica, Phoca, 308. 
nayaur, Ovis, 136, 140. 
nebulosa, Felis, 220. 
neglecta, Arvicola, 93- 
nemoralis, Mus, 63. 
Nemorhaedus, 147. 
nemorivagus, Mus, 58. 
nemorivagus, Nesokia, 58. 
nems, Viverra, 257. 
Neodon Subg,, 93. 
Neodon, 87. 


INDEX, 


Neofelis, 212. 

Neomeris, 318. 

Neotragus, 165. 

nepalensis, Barangia, 295. 

nepalensis, Calogale, 251. 

nepalensis, Lagomys, 112. 

Nesokia, 53. 

Nesotragus, 166. 

newera, Golunda, 84. 

nictitans, Grimmia, 168. 

niger, Canis, 263. 

niger, Ceratorhinus, 204, 

niger, Paradoxurus, 244. 

niger, Paradoxurus, hermaphroditus 
var, 244. 

niger, Sciurus, 29. 

niger, Sciurus, 29. 

niger, Ursus, 205. 

niger, Viverra, 244. 

nigra, Mustela, 276. 

nigra, Volucella, 340. 

nigrescens, Felis, 222. 

nigrescens, Putorius, 283. 

nigricaudatus, Ichneumia, 257. 

nigricaudatus, Lepus, 121. 

nigricollis, Lepus, 116, 

nigrifrons, Paradoxurus, 244. 

nigripectus, Felis, 226. 

nigripes, Felis, 232. 

nigripes, Sus, screfa var., 195. 

nigrovittatus, Sciurus, 23. 

nilagiricus, Mus, 83. 

nipalensis, Felis, 223. 

nipalensis, Gulo, 286. 

nipalensis, Helictis, 286. 

nipalensis, Herpestes, 251. 

nipalensis, Mus, 71. 

nipalensis, Paradoxurus, 247. 

nipalensis, Rusa, 176. 

nipalensis, Vulpes, 268, 

nitidus, Mus, 63. 

nitidus, Mus, alexandrinus var., 63. 

nitidus, Pteromys, 36. 

nitidus, Sciuropterus, 35. 

nitulidus, Mus, 76. 

nivalis, Arvicola, 92. 

nivalis, Mustela, 279. 

nivea, Procyon, 208, 

niviventer, Mus, 79. 

niviventer, Mus (Rattus), 70. 

nobilis, Leo, 214. 

nobilis, Pteromys, 35. 

nobilis, Sciuropterus, 35. 

noctivagus, Psammoryctes, 102. 

norvegicus, Lemnus, 93. 

notatus, Belideus, 340. 

notatus, Sciurus, 23. 

noveboracensis, Putorius, 270. 


novemcincta, Tatusia, 329. 
novemcinctus, Dasypus, 329. 
nubiana, Capra, 144. 
nudipalpebra, Cervus, 181. 
nudipes, Lutra, 292. 
nuttalli, Lepus, 120. 
Nyctocletes, 95. 

nyula, Calogale, 254. 

nyula, Herpestes, 253. 


oO 


obesula, Didelphys, 345. 
obesula, Isoodon, 345. 
obesula, Perameles, 345. 
obesus, Gerbillus, 52. 
obesus, Meriones, 52. 
obesus, Psammoniys, 52. 
ohesus, Rosmarus, 307. 
obscura, Clymenia, 324+ 
obscura, Felis, 232. 
obscurus, Delphinus, 324. 
obscurus, Procyon, 298. 
obscurus, Prodelphinus, 324. 
obtusa, Electra, 321. 
occidentalis, Pseudochirus, 341. 
oceanica, Phoca, 308. 
ocelot, Felis, 231, 
ochracea, Galerella, 257. 
ochraceus, Aelurus, 300. 
och:aceus, Herpestes, 257. 
echropus, Lipus, 119. 
Octodon, 102. 
octomammis, Mus, 69. 
ocularis, Sciurus, 32. 
Oedocephalus, 104, 
ogilbyt, Felis, 221. 
ogilbyi, Hypsiprymnus, 338. 
ogtlbyi, Paradoxurus, 248. 
oistolus, Lepus, 112. 
oistolus, Lepus, 114. 
oleracea, Vandeleuria, 83. 
oleraceus, Mus, 83. 
olivacea, Nasua, 299. 
onager, Asinus, 199+ 
Onychogale, 336. 
Onychogale, 250. 

oral, Pteromys, 33. 
Orcealla, 318. 

Orcella, 318. 

Oreas, 152. 

oreas, Antilope, 152. 
oveas, Boselaphus, 153. 


orveas, Damalis (Bosclaphus), 153. 


oregonensis, Geontys, 99. 
oregonensis, Pteromys, 40. 


INDEX. 367 


Oreotragus, 166. 
oreotragus, Antilope, 167. 
oreotragus, Antilope (Tragulus), 
167. 
oreotragus, Nanotragus, 167. 
orientalis, Cuscus, 343. 
orientalis, Didelphys, 343. 
orientalis, Gulo, 286. 
orientalis, Helictis, 286, 
orientalis, Helictis, 286. 
ortentalis, Hyaena, 259. 
orientalis, Lepus, 116. 
orientulis, Ovis, 139. 
orientalis, Phalanger, 343. 
orientalis, Pusa, 297. 
ornata. Felis 226. 
ornata, Ovis, 141. 
ornatus, Chaus, 226. 
oonatus, Herpestes, 257. 
Ornithorhynchus, 349. 
Orycteropus, 332. 
Oryx, 155. 
oryx, Antilope, 152, 155. 
oryaus, Axis, 178, 
Osmetect-s, 250. 
Ovis, 13). 
Oxygous, 261. 


P 


paca, Coelogenys, 108. 
paca, Mus, 108. 

paccerois, Tetracerus, 169. 
pachycercus, Mus, 77. 
Paguma, 242. 

pallasii, Capra, 144. 
pallasit, Paradoxurus, 243. 
pallasii, Phacochoerus, 197. 
pallasit, Platyschista, 244, 
pallasti, Spalax, 94. 
pallida, Viverra, 238. 
pallidus, Herpestes, 253. 
pallidus, Octodon, i03. 
pallipes, Canis, 263. 
pallipes, Herpestes, 251. 
pallipes, Lepus, 113. 
pallipes, Lepus, 114. 
pallipes, Lupus, 263. 
palmarum, Mus, 63. 
palmarum, Sciurus, 24. 
palmarum, Sciurus, 25. 
palmatus, Alces, 186. 
Paludicola, Subg,, gr. 
paludinosus, Herpestes, 2£7, 
paludosus, Athylax, 257. 
paludosus, Herpestes, 257. 


368 


pamirensis, Lepus, 114. 
Panolia, 175. 

panthera, Felis, 218. 
Pantholops, 163. 
Paradoxurus, 242. 
paradoxus, Ornithorhynchus, 349. 
paraguaensis, Lutra, 297. 
pardalis, Felis, 231. 
pardalis, Leopardus 231. 
pardicolor, Prionodon, 240. 
pardicolor, Linsang, 240. 
pardina, Felis, 232. 
pardinus, Lyncus, 232. 
pardochrous, Felis, 223. 
pardotdes, Felis, 231. 
pardus, Felis, 218. 

pardus, Felis, 218. 

pardus, Leopardus, 219. 
patazonica, Mirounga, 309. 
pealei, Pnoca, 307. 

pearsoni, Pteromys 38. 
pearsoni, Sciuropterus, 38. 
peba, Dasypus, 329. 

peba, Tatusia, 329. 
Pectinator, 101, 

pectoralis, t hocaena, 321. 
peguensis, Lepus, 117. 
peguensis, Mus, 82. 
pelandoc, Tragulus, 189. 
pembertoni, Sciurus, 27. 
penicillata, Bettongia, 338. 
penicillata, Didelphys, 347. 
penicillata, Petrogale, 336. 
penicillata, Phascogale, 347. 
penicillatus, Arctictis, 249. 
penicillatus, Chiropodomys, 82. 
penicillatus, Kangurus, 336. 
penicillatus, Macropus, 336. 
penicillatus, Sciurus, 24, 25. 
pennantii, Martes, 276. 
pennanti, Mustela, 276. 
pennanti, Paradoxurus, 244. 
pennsylvanicus, Sciurus, 2y. 
pentadactyla, Manis. 330. 
pentadactyla, Manis, 330, 331. 
Peracyon, 345. 

Peragale, 344. 

Perameles, 345. 

perchal, Mus, 57. 
perdicator, Fiverra, 240. 
beregrinus, Didelphys, 341. 


peregrinus, Pseudochirus, 341. 
beregusna, Mustela, 278. 
berniger, Delphinus, 323. 
perniger, Leopardus, 218. 
perniger, Tursiops, 323. 
persicus, Gerbillus. 49. 
persicus, Herpestes, 251. 


INDF RN, 


persicus, Vulpes, 270. 

personata, Helictis, 286. 

personata, Melogale, 28). 

personata, Mustela, 286. 

pertinax, Arvicola, 92. 

peruana, Lama, 192. 

Petaurista, 340. 

petaurista, Pteromys, 33, 

petaurista, Sciurus, 33, 36. 

Petauroides, 340. 

Petaurus, 340. 

petaurus, Didelphys. 340. 

Petrogale, 339. 

petrophilus, Hypudaeus, 92. 

Fhacochoerus, 197- 

phaeus, Cricetus, &5. 

phaeus, Mus, 85. 

Phatomys. 87. 

Phalanger, 343. 

Phalangista, 343. 

Phascogale, 347. 

Phascolarctus, 343. 

Phascolomys, 343. 

phayret, Scturopterus, 39. 

phayrei, Sciurus, 12. 

phayrei, Sciurus, pygerythrus var., 
12. 

philippensis, Pteromys, 33. 

Phoca, 307. 

Phocaena, 317. 

phocaena, Delphinus, 317. 

phocaenoides, Delphinus, 318. 

phocaenoides, Neumeris, 318. 

Pholidotus, 329. 

Physeter, 314. 

picta, Antilope, 154. 

picta, Antilope (Boselaphus), 154. 

picta, Capra, 143. 

picta, Felis, 231. 

picta, Portax, 154. 

picticaudata, Gazella, 161. 

picticaudata, Procapsa, 161. 

pictus, Leopardus, 251. 

victus, Myoxus, 45. 

PINNIPEDIA, 307. 

piscator, Viverra, 276. 

piscatoria, Mustela, 276. 


. planiceps, Ailurina, 222. 


planiceps, Felis, 222. 
planiceps, Viverriceps, 222. 
plantani. Sciurus, 23- 
Platacanthomys, 46. 
Platanista, 315. 

platyceros, Panolia, 181. 
Platypus, 349. 

platyrhinus, Phascolomys 344. 
Platyschista, 242. 

platythrix, Leggada, 80. 


INDEX. 


blatythrix, Mus, 80. 
plumbea, Sotalia, 325. 
plumbeus, Delphinus, 325. 
plurimammis, Mus, 55. 
pluto, Herpestes, 257- 

pluto, Macroxus, 24. 
Podabrus, 348. 

poecilura, Felis, 218. 
Poephagomys, 102. 
Poephag us, 124. 

poephagus, Bison, 128. 
poephagus, Bos, 128. 
poeppigii, Spalacopus, 102. 
polaris, Thalaretos, 305. 
polaris, Ursus, 305. 

poli, Ovis, 133. 

poliocephala, Viverra, 283. 
polyodon, Asinus, 199. 
pomegra, Delphinus, 322. 
porcellus, Cavia, 109. 
porcellus, Mus, 109. 
porcinus, Axis, 178. 
porcinus, Cervus, 178. 
porcinus, Hyelaphus, 178. 
Porcula, 195. 

Portax, 154. 

Potamophilus, 249. 

Potos, 299. 

povensis, Mus, 83- 

pratensis, Mus, 78. 
prehensilis, Cercolabes, 103. 
prehensilis, Hystrix, 103. 
prehensilis, Paradoxurus, 242, 243. 
prehensilis, Synetheres, 103. 
prehensilis, Viverra, 243. 
prevostii, Sciurus, 23. 
primaevus, Canis, 260. 
primaevus, Chrysaeus, 260. 
primaevus, Cuon, 260. 
Prionodon, 239- 
ProBoscIDEA, 206. 
proboscidea, Cystophora, 309. 
proboscidea, Phoca, 309e 
Procapra, 157: 

Prochilus, 300. 

proclivus, Nemorhadus, 149. 
Procyon, 298. 

procyonoides, Canis, 266. 
procyonoides, Nyctereutes, 266. 
Prodelphinus, 324. 

Proteles, 258. 

providens, Mus (Neotoma), 55. 
providens, Mus (Nesokia), 55- 
Prox, 172. 

pruinosus, Rhizomys, 96. 
pruinosus, Ursus, 302. 
Psammomys, 46. 
psammophilus, Gerbillus, 50. 


369 


Psammoryctes, 102. 
Pseudochirus, 341. 
Pseudois, 131, 
Pseudostoma, 99. 

psora, Procyon, 298. 
Pteromys, 32. 

pulchella, Felis, 232. 
pulchellus, Chaus, 226. 
puma, Felis, 230. 
pumelio, Mus, 79. 
pbunctatissimus, Macroxus, 16. 
purpureus, Sciurus, 10. 
Pusa, 297. 

pusilla, Mustela, 279. 
busillus, Putorius, 279. 
pusillus, Vulpes, 270. 
Putorius, 276. 

putorius, Foetorius, 277. 
butorius, Mustela, 277. 
putorius, Viverra, 2g1- 
pyctoris, Mus, 63. 
pygarga, Antilope, 162. 
pygargus, Ovis, 138. 
pygerythrus, Sciurus, 11. 
pygmaea, Didelphys, 339. 
pygmaeus, Acrobates, 339. 
pytamidarum, Dipus, 52 
pyramidarum, Gerbillus, 52. 
pyrenaicus, Ursus, 304. 
Pyrofelis, 212. 
pyrrhocephalus, Sciurus, 26. 
pyrrhopus, Sciurus, 31. 


Q 


quadricolor, Viverra, 274. 

il a Antilope (Cervicapra), 
I 

quadricornis, Tetracerus, 168. 

quadrimammis, Hemitrag us, 146. 

quadriscriptus, Paradoxurus, 244. 

quasje, Nasua, 290. 

quasje, Viverra, 208. 

quinguelineatus, Paradoxurus, 243. 

quinquestriatus, Sciurus, 21, 

quiqui, Viverra, 284. 


R 


vaflesii, Macroxus, 24. 
rafflesii, Sciurus 23. 
rama, Mus, 71. 
Rangifer, 188. 

rangifer, Tarandus, 188. 


2A 


370 


vasse, Viterra, 238. 

ratel, Me.livora, 287. 
ratlamuchi, Ichneumon, 257. 
rattoides, Mus, 63. 

rattus, Mus, 62. 

ratwa, Cervus, 173. 
Recurvus, 174. 

vedimitus, Sciurus, 23. 
Redunca, 164. 

reduncus, Eleotragus, 165. 
reevesi, Cervulus, 174. 
reevesi, Cervus, 174. 

reevesi, Leopardus, 223. 
vegalis, Felis, 216. 
Rhinoceros, 201. 
Rhinochoerus, 198. 
Rhinosciurus, 30. 

Rhizomys, 95. 

Rhombomys, 46. 

vichardi, Halicyon, 307. 
richardsoni, Mustela, 279. 
riparia, Arvicola, 89. 

risia, Damalis (Portax), 154. 
robustulus, Mus, 63. 
robustus, Athylax, 257. 
robustus, Gerbillus, 52. 
RODENTIA, I. 

rvodolphi#, Sciurus, 27. 
roensis, Lutra, 292. 
rosmarus, Odobaenus, 307. 
rosmarus, Trichechus, 307. 
rostratus, Delphinus, 315, 324. 
rostratus, Steno, 324. 
rostratus, Tarsipes, 339. 
rouderi, Psammomys, 52. 
roylei, Arvicola, o1. 

roylei, Arvicola, go. 

roylei, Lagomys, 112. 
rubida, Capricornis, 150. 
rubidus, Lemnus, 89. 
rubidus, Paradoxurus, 248. 
rubiginosa, Felis, 225. 
rubiginosa, Viverriceps, 225. 
rubiginosus, Crossarchus, 254. 
rvubiginosus, Herpestes, 254. 
rubiventer, Sciurus, 7. 
rubricosa, Mus, 68. 
rubrolineatus, Sciurus, 29. 
rufa, Felis, 233. 

rufa, Nasua, 298. 

tufescens, Aepyprymnus, 338. 
rufescens, Arvicola, 89 
rufescens, Bettongia, 338. 
rufescens, Lagomys, 111. 
rufescens, Mus, 63. 
rufescens, Mus, rattus var., 63. 
rufescens, Vulpes, 271. 
ruficaudatus, Lepus, 116. 


INDEX. 


ruficollis, Halmaturus, 334, 335+ 

ruficollis, Kangurus, 334- 

ruficollis, Macropus, 334. 

rufigenis, Sciurus, 21. 

rufinucha, Lepus, 120. 

rufiventris, Sciurus, 29. 

rufobrachiatus, Sciurus, 30. 

rufogaster, Sciurus, 18. 

rufogularis, Sciurus, 23. 

rufonigra, Sciurus, 23. 

rufus, Kangurus, 333- 

rufus, Lynx, 233- 

rufus, Macropus, 332. 

rufus, Ornithorhynchus, 349- 

rufus, Osphranter, 333. 

rupestris, Antilope (Tragulus), 
166. 

Rupicapra, 151. 

rupicapra, Antilope (Rupicapra), 
151. 

rupicapra, Capella, 151. 

Rusa, 174. 

russa, Cervus, 179. 

rutilans, Canis, 260. 

rutilans, Cuon, 260. 

rutilus, Mus, 89. 

rutilus, Sciurus, U1. 

rutilus, Xerus, 31. 


Ss 


sabrinus, Sciuropterus, 40. 
Saccalius, 261. 
Saccophorus, 99. 
sagitta, Sciaropterus, 39. 
sagitta, Pteromys, 38. 
sagitta, Sciurus, 39. 
sakeen, Capra, 143. 
sakin, Ibex, 143. 
saltatriz, Antilope, 167. 
saltatrix, Oreotragus, 167. 
saltiana, Antilope, 165. 
saltiana, Antilope (Cervicapra), 
165. 
saltiana, Mandoqua, 165. 
saltiana, Nestragus, 166 
saltianus, Neotragus, 165. 
salvania, Porcula, 195. 
sandbachii, Pteronura, 297. 
saramakensis, Macroxus, 24. 
Sarcophilus, 346. 
sarmatica, Mustela, 278. 
sarmaticus, Foetorius, 278. 
sarmaticus, Putorius, 275. 


INDEX. 371 


saturatus, Moschus, 172. 
savit, Gerbillus, §2. 
saxatilis, Lepus, 120. 
schermaus, Lemnus, 92. 
Schizodon, 102. 
schomburgki, Cervus, 180. 
schomburgki, Recurvus, 180. 
Scirtetes, 101. 
Sciuropterus, 37. 
Sciurus, 4. 
sciurus, Belideus, 340. 
sclateri, Phacochoerus, 197. 
Scopophorus, 166. . 
scripta, Felis, 221. 
scrofa, Sus, 195. 
scrofa, Sus, 193. 
scullyi, Nesokia, 54. 
scylax, Chrysaeus, 260. 
senegalensis, Felis, 231. 
senegalensis, Hippopotamus, 197. 
senex, Sciuropterus, 30. 
serridens, Stenorhynchus, 308. 
Serval, 212. 
serval, Felis, 231. 
serval, Leopardus, 231. 
servalina, Felis, 223, 226, 220, 231. 
servalinus, Chaus, 223, 226. 
setifer, Mus, 58. 
setosa, Bettongia, 338. 
setosus, Paradoxurus, 244. 
setosus, Pteromys (Sciuropterus), 
38. 
setosus, Sciurus, 32. 
setosus, Xerus, 31. 
sexcinctus, Dasypus, 229. 
shawensis, Delphinus, 315. 
shawiana, Felis, 227. 
siamensis, Sciurus, 22. 
sibirica, Capra, 143. 
siberica, Mustela, 282. 
siberica, Vison, 282. 
sibericus, Gulo, 283. 
sibericus, Moschus, 172. 
sibericus, Putorius, 282. 
sika, Cervus, 183. 
sikimensis, Arvicola, 93. 
sikimensis, Aonyx, 296. 
sikimensis, Neodon, 93. 
similis, Macroxus, 18. 
simplex, Sciurus, 31. 
simung, Lutra, 204. 
simus, Euphysetes, 315. 
simus, Rhinoceros, 206. 
sinaitica, Capra, 144. 
sinensis, Lepus, 117. 
SrreniA, 326. 
skyn, Aegoceros, 143. 
skyn, Capra, 144. 


sladeni, Mus, 63. 
sladeni, Sciurus, 18. 
Sminthopsis, 348. 
smithi, Calictis, 254. 
smithi, Cervus, 180, 
smithi, Herpestes, 254. 
socialis, Nasua, 200. 
soemmerringi, Antilope, 161. 
soemmerringi, Gazella, 161. 
Solitaria, Nasua, 299. 
sondaicus, Bos, 127. 
sondaicus, Givaeus, 127. 
sondaicus, Rhinoceros, 202. 
sondaicus, Rhinoceros, 204. 
soricinus, Mus, 78. 
sovricinus, Sciurus, 21, 
Sotalia, 325. 
spaduceus, Pteromys, 40. 
spadaceus, Sciuropterus, 40. 
Spalacomys, 53. « 
Spalacopus, 102, 
Spalax, 94. 
spekii, Gazella, 158. 
spekii, Pectinator, lor. 
spenserae, Tarsipes, 339. 
Spermophilus, 41. 
spiculum, Dipus, 101. 
spinulosa, Leggada, 80. 
spinulosus, Mus, 80. 
splendens, Bathyergus, 98. 
splendens, Sciurus, 22. 
splendidus, Scturus, 22. 
stanleyanus, Moschus, 191. 
stanleyanus, Tragulus, 191. 
stelleri, Enhydris, 297. 
stellert, Lutra, 297. 
stenbock, Antilope (Cervicapra), 166. 
Steno, 324. 
stenocephalus, Rhinoceros, 202. 
Stenorhynchus, 308. 
stigmaticus, Pavadoxurus, 241, 
stolicskana, Mustela, 280. 
stoliczkanus, Arvicola, 89. 
stoliczkanus, Lepus, 115. 
stoliczkanus, Putorius, 280. 
stracheyi, Arvicola, go, 
Strepsiceros, 153. 
strepsiceros, Antilope, 153. 
strepsiceros, Antilope (Tragelaphus), 
153. 
strepsiceros, Damalis (Strep siceros), 
153. 
striata, Hyaena, 258. 
striata, Viverra, 284. 
striata, Zorilla, 284, 
striaticornis, Tetracerus, 168, 
striatus, Sciurus, 30. 
striatus, Tamias, 30, 


372 INDEX. 


strictus, Paradoxurus, 244. ; 

strictus, Paradoxurus, hermaphrodi- 
tus var., 244. 

strigidorsa, Mustela, 282. 

strigidorsus, Gymnopus, 282. 

strigidorsus, Putorius, 262. 

strophiatus, Mus, 75. 

stuarti, Antechinus, 347. 

Stylocerus, 172. 

subflaviventris, Sciurus, 20. 

subgutturosa, Antilope, 160. 

subgutturosa, Gazella, 160, 

subhemachalana, Mustela, 280. 

subhemachalana, Vison, 280. 

subhemachalanus, Putorius, 280. 

subhemachalus, Bibos, 124. 

sublimis, Mus, 73. 

sublineatus, Sciurus, 26. 

subniger, Coelogenus, 108. 

sub-4-cornutus, Antilope, 168. 

suillus, Mus, 98. 

sumatrana, Felis, 223. 

sumatrana, Sciurus, prevostii var., 
24. 

sumatranus, Ceratorhinus, 204. 

sumatranus, Leopardus, 223. 

sumatranus, Tapirus, 198. 

sumatranus, Rhinoceros, 204. 

sumatranus, Rhinochoerus, 198. 

sumatrensis, Antilope, 150. 

sumatrensis, Antilope (Nemorhae- 
dus), 150. 

sumatrensis, Canis, familiaris var., 
260. 

sumatrensis, Capricornis, \§0. 

sumatensis, Ceratorhinus, 204, 

sumatrensis, Cuon, 250. 

sumatrensis, Mus, 05 

sumatrensis, Nemorhaedus, 150. 

sumatrensis, Rhinoceros, 204. 

sumatrensis, Rhizomys, 95. 

Sus, 102, 

svineval, Globicephalus, 319. 

swinhoei, Capricornis, 150, 

swinhoei, Cervus, 178. 

swinhoei, Gerbillus, 52. 

swinhoei, Lutra, 296. 

swinhoei, Rusa, 178. 

swinhoei, Sciurus, maclellandii var., 
27. 

sylhetanus, Bos, 126. 

sylvatica, Antilope, 154, 

sylvatica, Martes, 275. 

sylvaticus, Lepus, 120. 

sylvaticus, Mus, 78. 

sylvaticus, Mus, 7-, 77, 88. 

sylvaticus, Tragelaphus, 154. 

sylvestris, Felis, 232, ' 


Synetheres, 103. 
syriacus, Ursus, 302. 


2 


tabernaculi, Halicore, 326. 
Tachyglossus, 349. 
Taeniogale, 250. 

taenionota, Ariela, 258. 
taenionotus, Ichneumon, 258. 
taevanus, Cervus, 183. 

tafa, Dasyurus, 347. 
taguanoides, Petaurista, 340. 
taguanoides, Petaurus, 340. 
taiouanus, Cervus, 183. 
tajacu, Dicotyles, 196. 
tajacu, Sus, 196. 

Tamias, 30. 

tangalanga, Viverra, 237. 
tangalanga, Viverra, 237. 
Tapirus, 1¢8. 

Tarandus, 188. 

tarandus, Cervus (Rangifer), 188. 
tarandus, Rangifer, 188. a 
tarayensts, Mus, 55. 
Tarsipes, 339. 

tataricus, Arctomys, 41. 
Tatusia, 328. 

taurus, Bos, 131. 

taxicolor, Budorcas, 151. 
taxoides, Arctonyx, 291. 
taxus, Meles, 283. 
temmincki, Felis, 222. 
temon, Mustela, 281. 
tenasserimensis, Felis, 223. 
tendal, Strepsiceros, 153. 
tennentii, Sciurus, 11. 
Tenotis, 30. 

tenuis, Sciurus, 20. 
terrestris, Mus, 92. 
terricolor, Mus, 80. 
Tetracerus, 1€8 
tetragonurus, Mus, 63. 
texitanus, Lepus, 121. 
texianus Sciurus, 29. 

thar, Antilope, 149. 

thar, Capricornis, 149. 
theobaldi, Mus, 74. 

thetidis, Halmaturus, 335. 
thetidis, Macropus, 335. 
thetis, Halmaturus, 335. 
thibetanus, Helarctos, 303. 
thibetanus, Ursus, 303, 305. 
thricolis, Arvicola, 93. 


INDEX, 


Thylacis, 345. 

Thylacinus, 345. 

thysanurus, Herpestes, 254. 

tibetanus, Arctomys, 41, 42, 43. 

tibetanus, Lepus, 114. 

tibetanus, Lepus, 1t4. 

tiberanus, Putorius, 248. 

tibetensis, Arctomys, 41. 

tigrensis, Lepus, 119. 

tigrina, Genetta, 240. 

tigrina, Viverra, 240, 

Tigris, 212. 

tigris, Felis, 216. 

timidus, Lepus, 118. 

timidus, Lepus, 118. 

torquata, Felis, 226, 233. 

torquatus, Dicotyles, 190. 

torquatus, Ursus, 303. 

toufaeus, Martes, 275. 

Tragelaphu:, 154. 

tragelaphus, Ammotragus, 141. 

tragelaphus, Ovis, 141. 

tragocamelus Antilope, 154- 

tragocamelus, Boselaphus, 154. 

tragocamelus, Portax, 154. 

Tragops, 157- 

Tragulus, 188. 

tragulus, Antilope (Gazella), 166. 

tragulus, Calotragus, 166. 

tragulus, Nanotragus, 166. 

tragus, Rupicapra, 151. 

Trichechus, 307. 

trichechus, Rosmarus, 307. 

trichodactylus, Lagostomus, 108. 

Trichosurus, 341. 

trilineatus, Sciurus, 26. 

tristriatus, Sciurus, 25. 

trivirgata, Arctogale, 241. 

trivirgata, Arctogale, 242. 

trivirgata, Paguma, 241. 

trivirgatus Paradoxurus, 241, 
242. 

truncatus, Delphinus, 323. 

tulliana, Felis, 218. 

tunjac, Cervus, 179. 

tupaiotdes, Rhinosciurus, 30. 

tupaioides, Sciurus (Rhinosciurus), 


30. 

turnbulli, Sciuropterus, 38. 
tursio, Delphinus, 323. 
tursio, Tursiops, 323. 
Tursiops, 323. 

typhlus, Mus, 94. 

typhlus, Spalax, 94. 

typus, Pavadoxurus, 244, 
tytleri, Lepus, 116. 

tytleri, Mus, 71. 


373 


tytlerti, Paradoxurus, 247. 


U 


ualabatus, Halmaturus, 333« 
ualabatus, Kang urus, 333- 
ualabatus, Macropus, 333. 
Uncia, 212. 

uncia, Felis, 217. 

uncia, Leopardus, 218. 
uncioides, Felis, 218. 
undata, Felis, 223. 
undulata, Viverra, 236. 
UNGULATA, 121. 

unicolor, Cervus (Rusa), 176. 
unicolor, Dromicia, 339. 
unicolor, Felts, 230, 231. 
unicornis, Rhinoceros, 202. 
unicornis, Rhinoceros, 205. 
urbauus, Mus, 71. 
urinatrix, Mangusta, 257. 
Uromys, 84. 

Urotrag us, 147. 

ursina, Didelphys, 344, 346. 
ursinus, Bradypus, 306. 
ursinus Dasyurus, 346. 
ursinus, Phascolomys, 344. 
ursinus, Prochilus, 306. 
ursinus, Melursus, 306. 
ursinus, Sarcophilus, 346. 
Ursitaxus, 287. 

Ursus, 301. 

Urva, 250. 

urva, Gulo, 256. 

urva, Herpestes, 256. 


Vv 


vaginalis, Cervulus, 173. 
vaginalis, Cervus, 173. 
vaginalis, Montjacus, 173. 
Vandeleuria, 83. 

vansire, Atilax, 257. 
vansire, Athylax, 257. 
variabilis, Lepus, 118, 
varians, Mephitis, 291. 
variegata, Vulpes, 266. 
variegatus, Canis, 266. 
variegatus, Isomys, 53. 
variegatus, Mus, 53. 
variegatus, Sciurus, 20. 
varius, Leopardus, 218. 


374 


varius, Sciurus, 28. 
venetica, Calogale, 257. 
vera, Gazella, 158. 
veterum, Kangurus, 337: 
vexillarius, Dipus, 101. 
viculorum, Mus, 72. 

vignii, Ovis, 139. 

vignii, Ovis, 138. 

willosus, Sciuropterus, 38. 
virgata, Felis, 229. 
virginiana, Didelphys, 348. 
virginiana, Vulpes, 273. 
virginianus, Canis, 273. 
virginianus, Cariacus, 187. 
virginianus, Cervus, 187. 
virginianus, Cervus (Mazama), 187. 
virginianus, Lepus, 120. 
virginianus, Sciurus, 29. 
virginianus, Urocyon, 273. 
Vison, 279. 

vison, Lutra, 282. 

vison, Mustela, 282. 

vison, Putorius, 282. 
vittata, Galictis, 284. 
vittata, Grisonia, 284. 
vittata, Naswa, 299. 
vittata, Viverra, 284. 
vittatus, Gulo, 284. 
vittatus, Sciurus, 23- 
vitticollis, Herpestes, 256. 
vitticollis, Mangusta, 256. 
vitticollis, Mungos, 256. 
vitticollis, Taeniogale, 256. 
vitulina, Phoca, 307. 
vitulinus, Callocephalus, 307. 
Viverra, 235- 

Viverriceps, 212. 
viverriceps, Felis, 225. 
Viverricula, 238. 

viverrina, Felis, 225. 
viverrina, Phalangista, 341. 
viverrinus, Dasyurus, 347. 
viverrinus, Leopardus, 225. 
viverrinus, Nyctereutes, 266. 
volans, Didelphys, 340. 
volans, Petauroides, 340. 
volans, Sciurus, 40. 
Volucella, 340. 

volucella, Sciuropterus, 4o. 
volucella, Sciurus, 40. 
vombatus, Phascolomys, 344. 
oulgaris, Asinus, 200. 
vulgaris, Dama, 186. 
aulgaris, Foetorius, 279. 
vulgaris, Genetta, 240. 
vulgaris, Hyaena, 259. 
gulgaris, Lupus, 262. 
yulgaris, Lotor, 298. 


INDEX. 


vulgaris, Lutra, 292. 
vulgaris, Lyncus, 220. 
vulgaris, Martes, 275+ 
vulgaris, Aeles, 288. 
aulgaris, Mustela, 279 
vulgaris, Putorius, 279. 
vulgaris, Putorius, 277+ 
vulgaris, Sciurus, 28. 
gulgaris, Sciurus, 29+ 
vulgaris, Taxus, 288. 
vulgaris, Vulpes, 268. 
vulpecula, Didelphys, 341. 
vulpecula, Trichosurus, 341. 
vulpecula, Viverra, 298. 
Vulpes, 267. 

aulpes, Canis, 268. 
vulpina, Didelphys, 342, 
aulpina, Mustela, 276 
vulpina, Phalangista, 342 
ovulpinus, Felis, 229. 
vulpinus, Sciurus, 29. 


Ww 


wagati, Felis, 223. 
wagneri, Mus, 77. 
wallichii, Cervus, 184. 
mwapiti, Cerous, 185. 
warryato, Capra (Iiex), 146. 
mwarryato, Kemas, 146. 
mwashingtoni, Lepus, 120. 
watsoni, Pelomys, 84. 
winingus, Mustela, 282. 
wombat, Phascolomys, 344- 
Wombatus, 243. 

wynnei, Arvicola, go. 


x 


xanthodon, Spalax, 95. 
xanthopus, Petrogale, 336. 
xanthopus, Phalangista, 342. 
Xerus, 31. 


Y 


yagouarondi, Felis, 231. 
yagouarondi, Lropardus, 231. 
yarkandensis, Lepus, 115. 
yunnanensis, Hystrix, 107. 
yunnanensis, Mus, 63. 
yunnanensis, Pteromys, 35. 


INDEX. 375 


Zz zibellina, Mustela, 276. 
Zapus, 99. zibetha, Viverra, 236. 
zebra, Hemigalus, 241. zibetha, Viverra, 237. 
zebra, Paradoxurus, 241. sibethicus, Castor, 87. 
sebroides, Equus, 200. zibethicus, Fiber, 87. 
Zebus, 124. sibethicus, Ondatra, 87. 
geylanicus, Paradoxurus, 247. Zorilla, 284, 
seylanicus, Sciurus, 11. zorilla, Ictonyx, 284. 
zeylonensis, Hystrix, 105, sorilla, Mephitis, 284. 
seylonensis, Sus, 193. sorilla, Viverra, 284. 


sibellina, Martes, 276, 


G. 1. C. P, O.—No, 8 1. M,—1-6-91.— 400, 


so ie cue pe 
hie es co a 
oe 

ifatlt 


bud ee ay att 

ents Baod ee i A lied iy i) fo 

Paying Be ve ‘ ee ia ny he i 7 Ny 
i 


ranaty 
Mi, ft pi yi ig 


a fd 
pe ie 


ng Rathi hates ais i es Anh Mi y 
fie ‘ae hte MRM a uae Li sey Oey si 
3 Dati Tee V3 LDN AME NH EET 
Fs iit Hi Se s ’ 
esas A Bt ") 
tie eae si) ony nal i oe 
Bes ee = nes f as, ‘ 
Weep bal oh den oy a BAMNRaMt f d i 
Se hacen ee et Oa Haan Gian 
i , i Ae} i} 


Wis 


Lita} 

yt 

DECTeE Behe 
ae 


pny Hp 


cas 
ihe bi 
ea 


a 

reall 
3 wpe Ay 
(eu leg tl bon 


i Hh te 


ras 
i ue 
eRe 
ies 


ob 


Hiatt 
Sateen 
oii) 1 


ie — 


hits Baa Bindi tats 


aie! ‘ A 
a Ratan NG tlh 
ute ries 


Be ite el 
vith rh yO oa 


Bee 
sooo 
es 


Pasir irs ts id iT 
a iy sey ieee Ih ; ia Vai 
fie ey eral Path sitet pea tata nie ne bites 


tinine hea , , 
oe es ata ley ose ‘ ri a MAR ya 
isa ie , Sts tate 


bri yh 
Hy Ah 
ie sete aaa ar