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A
Contribution to the Bibliography
of the
Use of Sulphate of Iron
in Agriculture
By
HORACE E. HORTON
CHICAGO . ILLINOIS
1906
FOREWORD
“In some experiments on the action of green vitriol,
or sulphate of iron, dissolved in water and used
as manure, the results appear to vary exceedingly;
some persons have not been able to discover that it
produced the slightest effect, others have found it
injurious, while a third class have declared they have
derived a considerable benefit from the use of it.”
—Thaer.
HIS is the first of a series of publications on
the use of Sulphate of Iron in Agriculture ;
beginning with the work of Thaer in Germany
who first called attention in 1809 to the use-
fulness of Sulphate of Iron in Agriculture, and
continuing to 1905.
The material is not colored in any way, it is an
accurate record of work done. It will be pub-
lished from time to time in the form of an author’s
index and subject index. H.
CHICAGO, February 20, 1906
Weed Eradication by Spraying with
Solutions of Sulphate of Iron.
HE IDEA of eradicating weeds by spraying fields with
solutions of chemicals originated in France and was
the result of observing that when grape vines were
sprayed with solution of sulphate of copper and the spray
accidently fell upon the common field mustard this plant was
killed. This observation was made by Bonnet.t
M. Brandin demonstrated in field experiments the correct-
ness of Bonnet’s observation. M. Mantin in Pas de Calais
made the claim that Sulphate of Iron gave better results than
the sulphate of copper.
M. Duclos, Director of the Agricultural Station in Meaux,
investigated the subject and compared the action of copper
“ salts with Sulphate of Iron on field mustard, and found that a
1% percent nitrate of copper worked the best, the mustard
being destroyed while the grain remained unaffected. He
showed that a 20 per cent solution of Sulphate of Iron com-
pletely eradicated wild mustard without injury to the grain,
and that with a 40 per cent solution the grain was but slightly
injured.
Experimenting with sulphate of copper and sulphuric
acid in equal parts (2% per cent solution), he found the mix-
ture destroyed wild mustard and affected grain but slightly,
That a 5 per cent solution of sulphate of copper alone
destroyed wild mustard completely without injury to the
grain; that a Io per cent solution destroyed wild mustard
completely and injured grain but slightly; that a 20 per cent
solution while destroying the mustard injured the grain badly.
Finally M. Duclos recommends the following solutions,
namely: 1% kgo. nitrate of copper to I hectolitre water (23%
Ibs. to 22 galls.); or, 30 kgo. of Sulphate of Iron to 1 hecto-
litre water (66 Ibs. to 22 galls.); or, 2% kgo. sulphate of copper,
{ BONNET, L.—Le cuivre contre les ravenelles et les senes. Comice agricole de Reims,
seance 12 Dec. 1896. Journal de Brabant-Hainaut,1897, p. 521.
2% kgo. sulphuric acid (5% lbs. each to 22 galls.); or, 5 to
10 kgo. sulphate of copper to 1 hectolitre water (11-22 lbs. to
22 galls.
In 18 37, in Germany, Schultz in Soest, began experiment-
ing with Sulphate of Iron and recommended the practice to
German farmers. He proposed using 600 litres of 15 per cent
solution per hectare (64.2 galls. 15 per cent solution per acre.)
The following references show the development of the
process :
ADERHOLD, R.—Ein paar Versuche zur Vertilgung des Un-
krautes im Gartenrasen.
Centbl. Bakt. I] Abt., Bd. VII (1901), S. 662.
ANDERSON, J. R.—Wild Mustard,
Dept. Agr. Brit. Columbia Bul. 11, p. 12. E.S. R. 15, p. 265.
yeas of Brassica sinapistrum by spraying with S. of I. and S.
of C.
BEHRENS, (_ ).—(Experiments on Killing Weeds.)
Wochenblatt des Landw. Ver. im Grossherzogtum Baden (1902)
No. 33.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 33, S. 69.
Sulphate of Iron Successfully used on calcareous soils.
BENARD, J.—(Eradication of Weeds.)
Bul. du Comice agricole de Reims, Vol. 34 (1898).
For the eradication of weeds, used 5, 10 and 15 per cent solutions of
S. of I. and found them inefficient. Twenty per cent solution efficient
but less so than 2 per cent S. of C. solution.
BIEDENKOPF, H.—Zur Frage zur Bekampfung des Heder-
ichs, speziell durch metallsalzlosungen.
Deut. Landw. Presse, No. 46 (1901), S. 406.
Has made no study of what he writes, but thinks that no quantitative
work has been offered on yield from sprayed vs. unsprayed plots.
Thinks soil injured and plants poisoned.
VON BLUCHER, (_).—Hederichvertilgung.
Ann, Landw. der Mecklenburg Vereins (1903), No. 22.
BRANDIN, (_ ).—La Destruction des Sanves.
Bul. Soc. Nat. Agr. France (1900), p. 451.
Experimented with 95 Hect. oats and 45 Hect wheat. Mustard
apparently badly injured by 12 per cent solution but recovered to
vigorous growth. Three and one-half per cent S. of C. destroyed
completely.
A
BRULE, (_ ).—(Eradication of Weeds by Spraying with
Solutions of Metallic Salts.)
Comice agricole de |’ arrondissement de Reims, 1898.
Claims that 5, 10, 15 per cent solutions are inefficient; that 20 per
cent solutions are less efficient than a 2 per cent solution of sul-
phate of copper. It is necessary to employ solutions containing
more than 25 per cent of Sulphate of Iron and these solutions rapidly
corrode the apparatus.
CAMPBELL, J. R.—Report of the Spraying of Charlock and
Runch.
Yorkshire Col. Leeds and East and West Ridings Joint Agri. Council
Garforth Expts. (1899).
DE CERIS, A.—Le sulfate de fer pour la destruction des
sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1900), T. II, pp. 40, 220.
Letter from M. Marguerite-Delarcholonny claiming discovery for the
necessity of two sprayings.
DENAIFFE ET SIRODOT-—-(Destruction of Wild Radish
and Wild Mustard).
L’Avoine, pp. 730-733.
Ten to twelve and half per cent solution S. of I. employed when plants
are small, 15 per cent solution when plants are large. Applied at the
rate of 12 Hktl. per Hect. Two reasons for using S.of I.—low cost
and the favorable action on the growth of Oats.
DONHOFF, P.—Erfahrungen betr. Vertilgung des Hederichs
und Ackersenfs durch Bespritzen mit Eisen-
vitriollosung.
Deut. Landw. Presse. (1902), S. 357.
DUCLOS, (_ ).—Le destruction de la moutarde sauvage.
Bul. Soc. Nationale d’Agr. de France, 9 Juni, (1897).
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I., (1897), p. 862.
DUSSERE, M. C.—Vertilgung des Unkrautes in Getreide-
ackern.
Jour. d’Agr. Suisse, No. 23, June 5, (1900).
The use of a 15 per cent solution of S. of I. in form of a spray did
not give good results.
EDLER, ( ).—Zur Vernichtung des Wilden Senfs und des
Hederichs.
Deut. Landw. Presse (1899), S. 267,659. Jahres. Agr. Chem., Bd.
42, S. 352.
Solutions S. of I, 5-10 per cent strength, are useless. A 20 per
cent solution is less efficaceous than 2 per cent solution Sulphate of
Copper.
EHLERT, W.—Versuche zur Vernichtung von Hederich mit
Eisenvitriollésung und Eisenvitriolpulver.
Korrespondenzbl. der Landw. kammer fiir die Provinz Ostpresussen,
(1900).
Title not exact but descriptive.
FRANCK, (_ ).—Hederichvertilgungsversuche in Fruhjahr,
(1903).
Landw. Wchnschr. Sachsen 8, (1904), S. 62.
Experiments made with “ Unkrauttod” (Sulphate of Iron). Applied
in the early morning when dew is on the leaves. For uniform distrib-
ution the powder is not behind the solution. Applied by hand 50
pfd. per morgen. is used ; by machine, 25 pfd. per morgen,
FRANK, ( ).—Beitrage zur Bekampfung des Unkrautes
durch Metallsalze.
Arb. aus. d. Biol. Abt. d. Kair. Gesundamt. Bd. I, (1900), S. 127.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. Bd. XII, (1902), S. 188.
The destructive action of S. of I. and Sulphate of Copper on certain
weeds is practically equal, hence the only question is that of cost.
The S. of I. is effective when used as a 15 per cent solution; the Sul-
phate of Copper at highest 5 per cent solution.
FREAR, WM.—Copperas or Vitrol as a Weed Killer.
Press Bull, Penn. Exp. Station.
FUNFSTUCK, W.—Die Hederich-Bekampfung durch Be-
spritzen mit Salzlosungen resp. durch
Jatemaschinen.
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. XXIX, S. 233.
Answer to Hillman.
FUNFSTUCK, W.—Auf welche Weise sind Hederich und
Ackersenf in den Sommerkorn Saaten
(Hafer, Gerste, Weizen) nach dem jetzi-
gen Stande der Erfahrung in der Praxis
rationell zu Vertilgungen?
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. XXIX, (1902), S. 165. Recommends a 20%
solution Sulphate of Iron in quantities of 200 litres per morgen at
most.
GERLACH, M.—Lasst sich durch Eisenvitriol Hederich
Vertilgung ?
eee Vers. Stat. Posen, (1899-1900).
ahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 43, S. 353.
Once spraying with 15-20 per cent solution of little use.
GRAFTIAU, J—Le chimie et la lutte contre les mauvaises
herbes armes nouvelles 4 la disposition des
cultivateurs.
Ingén. Agr. Gembloux, An. 10, (1900), p. 413.
GRANDEAU, L.—Destruction de la cardamine des prés par
le sulfate de cuivre. Nécessité de substi-
tuer le sulfate de fer au sel de cuivre.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I., (1900), p. 742.
Used a 15 per cent solution S. of I. for the destruction of Cardamine
pratensis (Cuckoo Flower).
GRANDEAU, L.—Expériences nouvelles sur la destruction
des Sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1900), T. I, p. 525. E.S. R. 12, p. 351.
Used 124 per cent solution S. of I., 200 litres to acre, applied for the
destruction of the weed in wheat fields. Destroyed Charlock, Mustard,
Wallflower, Ground Ivy. Did not injure cereals, clover, colza and
lupines
GUTZEIT, E.—Bekampfung des Hederichs und der andern
Unkrauter durch Eisenvitriollosung und Hed-
erichtod.
Correspondensbl. d. Landw’kammer d. Provinz. Ostpreussen.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. Bd. 12, S. 317.
GUTZEIT, E.—Feldversuche zur Bekampfung von Pflanzen
krankheiten and Unkrautern.
Correnspondenzbl. d. Landw’kammer d. Prov. Oestpreussen.
Ztschr. Pflanzkrank. B.D. XI, S. 153.
A 15 per cent solution S. of L. destroys charlock and other weeds.
GWALLIG—Zur Vertilgung von Hederich und Ackersenf mit
Eisenvitriol.
Deut. Landw. Presse No. 42 (1898) S. 463.
Seven to ten per cent solution of S. of I. will eradicate charlock
Stronger solutions injure barley, and in one instance barley was in-.
jured by 7% per cent solution.
HABERHAUFFE, M.—Uber die Hederich vertilgung mit-
tels Eisenvitriol.
Ztschr. Landw., Sachsen.
Fiihlings Landw. Ztg., (1899), S. 238.
HAGLUND, E. & H. VON FEILITZEN — (Om ograesets
utrotande genom besprutning med
jaernvitriol.)
Svenska Mosskulturfor. Tidskr., 18 (1904), No. 6, pp. 413-420.
E. S. R. 16, p. 1091.
Preliminary experiments on moor soils showed that the spraying
method furnishes an effective means of checking, if not killing, many
weeds growing on such soils.
HANDTKE, (_ ).—(Hederichvertilgung).
Ztschr. Landw’. Kammer. Prov. Schlesien, (1898), S. 999.
Lupiness and Serradella suffered injury.
HANSEN, J.— Anbauversuche mit verschiedenen Kultur-
pflanzen (Vertilgung des Hederich durch
Verspritzen).
Deut. Landw. Presse, (1903), No. 1, S. 4.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 33, S. 69.
A 15 per cent solution S. of I. gave very successful results.
HEINRICH, ( ).—Neue Mittel zur Vertilgung von Hederich
und Ackersenf.
Deut. Landw. Presse, (1900), S. 666.
Use of fertilizers to be preferred to S. of L., e. g. Chilisaltpeter, Am-
monium Sulphate, Chloride Potash (40 per cent).
HILLMANN, P.—Die Bekaémpfung des Hederichs durch Be-
spritzung mit Salzlosungen.
Mitt. Deut. Landw. Gesell., 18, (1903), S. 80.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 46, S. 249.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 32, S. 463.
A 15 per cent solution of S. of I. applied at the rate of 400-500 |, per
hectare gave the best results. If dew is on the leaves the spraying
will do no good. Clover is as little injured as cereals.
HILLMANN, P.—Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage betr. die Un-
krautvertilgung.
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. XXIX, S. 416.
Use of molasses with S. of I. for plants with smooth leaves. A pre-
liminary experiment with thistles apparently successful.
HILLMANN, P.—Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage Vetreffend
die Unkrautvertilgung.
Jahrb. Deut. Landw. Gesell., (1902), S. 184.
HILLMANN, P.—Die Hederichbekampfung durch Besprit-
zen mit Saltzlosungen.
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. XXIX, S. 214.
HILLMANN, P.—Die Bekampfung des Hederich durch Be-
spritzen mit Salzlosungen.
Mitt. Deut. Landw. Gesell. (1903), No. 16, S. 80, 84.
HILLMANN, P.— Die Bekaémpfung des Hederichs durch
Bespritzen mit Salzlasungen.
Mitt. Deut. Landw. Gesell., (1902), S. 24.
Thistles injured but some recovered. Very few Clover plants killed,
z.é., Trifolium species. With Medicago species (Luzerne and Yel-
low Clover) more killed. Lupines blackened but not permanently
injured.
HITIER, H.—Nouveau procédé de destruction de la mou-
tarde sauvage.
Jour. Agr. T. I., (1897), p. 705.
HITIER, H.-—Destruction des sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I., (1899), pp. 98-160.
Duclos recommends two applications of a 15 per cent solution, or one
application of a 20 per cent solution.
HITIER, H.—Destruction des sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. u. ser. 5 (1903), p. 658. E.S. R. 15, p. 266.
Should be sprayed when the young plants have developed two or
three leaves only, for then the plants are easily killed with the use of
a minimum .amount of solution and with the least harm to the field
by the horse and the spraying machine wheels.
HITIER, H.—Destruction des sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1899), T. II, p. 98.
Gives as the best time for spraying the time when the first four or
five leaves are out and well opened.
HOFFMAN, M.—Vertilgungversuche von Ackerunkrdautern.
Thiiringer Landw. Ztg., (1903), No. 6.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 33,9 "69 9.
S. of I. solutions worked the surest of all salts tried. Rape suffered
by spraying.
HORNSBY, J.— Laxton Park Experiments on Charlock
Spraying, 1899.
Agr. Gaz. (London), Vol. 50 (1899), p. 232. E.S.R. 11, p. 461.
On Barley fields 7% to 10 per cent solutions, S. of I. applied at the
rate of 32-40 galls per acre was not effective.
JSOTING, ( ).—Die Vertilgung des Hederichs durch Be-
spritzen mit Eisen vitriollssung.
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr. (1900), S. 174.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 43, S. 352.
A 15 per cent solution S. of I. proved sufficient, though 20 per cent
solution did no harm to Oats. The younger the Charlock, the easier
it is destroyed.
JOURNEE, C.—Destruction of Charlock by Spraying with
Solutions of Iron and Copper Sulphate.
Agronome, 1899, p. 435. E.S.R. 12, p. 351.
KEISER, (_ ).—Zur Frage des richtigen Zeitpunktes zur
Hederich-Vertilgung.
Nass. Landw. Ztschr. (1899), S. 252.
Charlock need not be sprayed with S. of I. solution at too early stage
for the weed is injured even when in bloom.
KLOCKE, E.—Hederichvertilgung mit Eisenvitriol und die
Syphoniaspritze.
Fiibling’s Landw. Ztg. 1898. S. 625.
Experimented with Oats using a 25 percent solution and 60 litres per
Morgen. The Charlock was in bloom and had overgrown the Oats.
Charlock was killed and the Oat plants slightly touched, but recov-
ered and grew with unexpected vigor.
KRAUS, C.—Nochmals zur Vertilgung von Hederich durch
Bespritzen mit Eisenvitriollgsung.
Deut. Landw. Presse, (1899), S. 659.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 42, 5. 351.
Results doubtful.
KRUGER, F.—Aufruf zum Kampf gegen das Unkraut, mit
besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Eisenvitriol-
bespritzen.
Wochenbl. d. Landw. Vereins in Bayern, (1904), S. 486.
A I5 per cent solution S. of I. applied at the rate of 400-500 |. per ha.
KUNTZE-DELITZSCH, L.—Vertilgung des Hederichs mit-
tels Eisenvitriollgsung
Ztschr. Ver. Deut. Zuckerindus. (1899), S. 699.
A Is per cent solution S. of I. applied in form of a spray at the begin-
ning of flowering is effective; applied later, ineffective.
LUDECKE, (_ ).—(Hederichvertilgung).
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer Schlesien, (1898), S. 721.
LUDECKE, (_ ).--Ein neue Methode zur Vertilgung des
Hederichs.
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer, Spee aoe 1397) S. 745.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 4o, S. 406.
A Io per cent solution S, of I. kills Charlock and does not injure Oats
and Clover.
MAIER, ( ).—Zur Frage der Vertilgung des Hederich
(Dills) durch Chilisaltpeterlosung.
Wohnbl. Landw. Ver. Bayern, (tgo1), S. 501.
A 15 per cent solution S. of I. applied at the rate of 150 1. per
ha, gave good results even when the weed was in bloom,
MAIER, (_ ).—Vertilgung des Hederichs, (Dill).
Wcehnobl. Landw. Ver. Bayern, (1902), 5S. 263.
MAIER, (_ ).—Beitrage zur Hederichvertilgung.
Wehnbl. Landw. Ver. Bayern, (1903), S. ror.
MAIZIERES, (_).—Produits chimiques et mauvaises Herbes.
Nouvel emploi du_ sulfate de cuivre.
Nos expériences. Nos formules.
Engrais, (1897), p. 540.
Formule for Sprays (per Hectare):
Sulphate of Iron............... 20 kgo. 30 kgo.
Sulphate of Copper............ 30 “ 20 “
Sulphuric Acid................ ae 5.4
W ater -aniciciie o vidi denmruaa eee 945 “ 945
1000 1000
MARGUERITE- DELARCHARLONNY, P. — Destruction
economique des Sénés, Sanves, Moutar-
des Sauvages, Moutardelles, Ravenelles.
Engrais (1897), p. 782.
A 15 percent S. of I. solution applied at the rate of 800-1000 |. per
Hectare.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHOLONNY, P.—( Destruction des
mauvaises herbes par le sulfate de fer.)
Jour. Soc. Agr. Brabant et Hainaut (1897), No. 49. E.S. R.9, p. 846.
MARIE, E.—Destruction des sanves par le sulfate de fer.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1899), T. 1., p. 344.
A review of German work.
MARRE, E.-—Essais de destruction de la sanve ou moutarde
sauvage et de la Ravenelle.
Semaine Agr. (Paris), (1901), p. 358. E.S. R. 13, 658.
MARTIN, P.—Destruction des Sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1897), T. I., p. 861.
A Io per cent solution S. of I. applied at the rate of 12-15 Hkt. per
Hectare used to destroy Wild Mustard in Wheat fields. Corrobo-
rated the observations of Bonnet, Brandin and Bernard. Prefers S.
of I, to Sulphate of Copper. Wheat, Clover and Black Medic suffered
slightly from the treatment, but recovered in a few days.
OEHMICHEN, (_).—(Hederichvertilgung).
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer, Schlesien, (1898), S. 177.
OEHMICHEN, (_ ).— Unkrautvertilgungsversuche mittels
verschiedener Metallsalslosungen.
Ztschr. d. Landw. Kammer, Schlesien, (1go1), No. 25.
Recommends 2% per cent S. of I. with 20 per cent Fertilizer Salt.
PERRET, M.—Un nouveau produit pour la destruction de la
Sanve.
Soc. Nat. d’Agr. de France, (1898), p. 382.
Mixture of S. of I. and Sulphate of Copper successfully used to com-
bat Wild Mustard.
PLATZ, K.—(Vertilgung von Unkraut).
Fibling’s Landw. Ztg., Bd. 51, (1904), S. 415.
REICH, E.—Uber Hederichsvertilgungs-Versuche.
Thatigkeitber. d. Versuchst. f. Planzenkultur in Dresden, (1902).
Jahresber. Agr, Chem. Bd. 46, S. 247.
Centbl. Agr. Chem. Bd. 32, S. 679.
The weed is killed by the solution and by the powdered salt. For a
Hectare use 6661. of 15 per cent solution, 200-400 1. of 25 per cent
solution.
REISCH, E.—Uber Hederichvertilgungs Versuche.
Fiihling’s Land. Ztg. Bd. 41, (1903), S. 89.
Experimented with powdered S. of I. alone and mixtures of S. of I.
with sugar, dextrine and ashes, and with following results:
Action of powdered S. of I..............0048- Very good.
Action of S. of I. plus sugar ................ Good.
Action of S. of I, plus dextrine.............. Medium.
Action of S. of I., plus ashes ................ Very good.
The action of a 15 per cent solution was good.
RIEHM, (_ ).—Unkrautvertilgung durch Chemikalien.
Deut. Landw. Presse, (1901), No. 48, S. 430.
ROMMETIN, (_ ).— Installation pour le sulfatage des
céréales.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1899), T. I., p. 651.
ROUSSILLE, (_ ),—(The Destruction of Wild Mustard).
Bull. Soc. Nat. Agr. Fr. 64 (1904), No. 6, pp. 451-52.
S. of I. mixed with plaster, 300 and 200 Kgo. respectively per hectare,
gave unsatisfactory results when applied to lettuce.
SCHADE, (_ ).— Uber Vertilgung des Hederichs durch
Eisenvitriol.
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr., (1899), S. 25.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42, S. 350.
A 15 per cent solution S. of I. did not touch the weed; 20 per cent
solution did.
SCHRIBAUX, E.—Destruction des sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1899), T. II., p. 43.
SCHRIBAUX, E.—Un nouveau fléau a combattre invasion
des luzernieres par une nouvelle espece
de cuscute.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1899), T. II., p. 272.
On account of the form of the plant the author recommends the
abandonment of the Sulphate of Iron treatment and the use in its
place of indirect means.
Studied the effect of Sulphate of Iron solutions on the germinative
power of the cuscuta seed and found that soaking the seed for fifty
days in a 20 per cent solution of the salt the germinative power was
reduced from Ig per cent to I2 per cent.
SCHULTZ - SOEST.—Zur Vertilgung des Ackersenfs und des
Hederichs.
Fithling’s Landw. Ztg., (1897), S. 625.
Recommends a 15 per cent solution S. of I. applied at the rate of 600
l. per hectare.
SCHULTZ -SOEST, (__).—Hederich-Vertilgung.
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer, Schlesien, 14 Mai, (1898).
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. Bd. VIII, S. 184.
Spraying with S. of I. Solutions killed weeds and did not injure Oats.
SCHULTZ-SOEST.— Zur Hederichvertilgung nach Prof.
Weiss.
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. XXVI, S. 754.
SCHULTZ -SOEST.—Zur Vertilgung des Ackersenfs und des
Hederich.
Fithling’s Landw. Ztg. (1898), S. 393.
A I5 per cent solution of S. of I., applied at the rate of 400 1. per hec-
tare, is as strong as necessary. Oats are in no way injured by the
Spray.
SCHULTZ, ( ).—Zur Vertilgung des Ackersenfs und des
Hederichs.
Landw. Ztg. Westfalen u. Lippe, (1897), S. 329.
Jarbesber. Agr. Chem. 40, S. 406.
A 30 per cent solution of S. of I. using 1 cbm. per hectare, completely
eradicated Wild Mustard in fields of Barley. Oats showed signs of
poisoning and stood still in growth for fourteen days but recovered
completely.
Enough rain fell after spraying to wash off S. of I.
15 per cent solution S. of I. is strong enough for the work.
SCHULTZ, G.—Gegen den Hederich.
Wcehobl. Landw. Ver. Bayern, (1901), S. 399.
SCHULTZ, G.—Zur Hederich vertilgung nach Prof. Weiss.
Fihling’s Landw. Ztg., (1899), 5S. 690.
SCHULTZ, G.—Zur Hederichvertilgung.
Landw. Ztg. Westfalen u. Lippe, (1907), S. 240.
Jahresber Agr. Chem. Bd. 44, S. 239.
A 15 percent solution S. of I. applied at the rate of 125-150 1. per
morgen successfully used. R.raphanistrum withstands. It does not
destroy plants, it prevents their blooming.
SCHULTZ, G.—Zur Hederichvertilgung nach Prof. Weiss.
Landw. Ztg. Westfalen u. Lippe (1899), S 273.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42 (1899), S. 351.
A weed-killing mixture called “ Hederichtot” containing 6.85 percent
Ferrous oxide. Consists practically of S. of I., gypsum and sand.
SCHULZE, B.—Versuche uber Vertilgung des Ackersenfs
durch Besprengen mit Eisenvitriollésung.
Ber. Vers. Stat. Breslau (1898), 14.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42, (1889), S. 350.
SHERINGHAM, H. C.—Charlock Spraying.
1st Ann. Rpt. of Field Expts., Irish Agr.
Organization Soc. (1899), p. 43.
In field of Barley when the Charlock is very young the application of
a 7% per cent solution entirely successful. The barley was slightly
bleached.
SHUTT, F. T.—Spraying for Destruction of Wild Mustard.
Appendix to Rpt. Min. Agr. Canada.
Experimental Farms Reports, (1899), p. 194. E.S. R. 12, p. 564.
A 5-10 per cent solution of S. of I.used at the rate of 50 gals. per acre
in spraying plants 15-20 inches high, just beginning to flower, had no
lasting results.
A 5 per cent. solution of S. of I. killed part of plants 6-9 inches high.
The spraying should not be delayed until the plants are higher.
SOMERVILLE, Dr.—Eradication of Charlock in Corn Crops
by Spraying.
Trans. Highland and Agr. Soc. Scot. 5th Ser. Vol. XIII, pp. 10-17.
SOMERVILLE, Dr.—Destruction of Noxious Weeds.
Queensland Agr. Jour. 4, (1899), No. 2, p. 149. E. S. R. 10, 1049.
Obtained best results with 74 per cent solution, using 4o gals. per
acre. Charlock killed, thistles blackened and injured, and cereals
uninjured.
STEGLICH, (_ ).—Zur Vertilgung von Hederich und Acker-
senf mit Eisenvitriol.
Wiirttemb. Wchnbl. Landw. (1898), S. 383.
Jabresber. Agr. Chem. Bd. 41, S. 319.
A 20 per cent solution kills Charlock and Wild Mustard when only a
few drops strike the plants. The plants turn black, dry, and die in-
side of a week.
Young cereals sl a effect but recover in 8-14 days. Young
Clover badly burned and apparently injured. Quotes Strebel who
used a 15 per cent. solution.
STEGLICH, B.—Untersuchungen und Beobachtungen iiber
die Wirkung verschiedener Salzlésungen
auf Kulturpflanzen und Unkrauter.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. Bd. 11 (1901), S. 31. E.S. R. 13, 253.
Used 20 per cent solution S. of I. Beets somewhat injured, potatoes
seriously injured.
STEGLICH, (_ ).—Eisenvitriollésung oder Vitriolpulver ge-
gen Hederich?
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr. (1900), S. 217.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 43, S. 352.
Action of dry powders (weed killers) is doubtful. Young Clover in-
jured and in part killed by S. of I. Old Clover withstands the treat-
ment and outgrows slight injury in very short time.
STEGLICH, (_ )—Zur Unkrautvertilgung durch Aufspritzen
von Salzlésungen.
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr. No. 13, (1902), S. 265.
Centbl. Agr. Chem. Bd. 32, S. 185.
STEGLICH, ( )—Uber Unkrautvertilgung durch Salzlés-
ungen.
Sachs. Land. Ztschr. (1901), S. 401.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 44, S. 239.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 32, S. 185.
STEGLICH, (_ ).—(Why Sulphate of Iron Kills Mustard.)
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr. (1898), S. 217.
Explains the action of S. of I. on mustard by assuming that the sul-
phur in the Pottassium Myronate (C 10 H 18-NS 12 O 10 K) combines
with iron to form Sulphide of Iron, thus causing death. Stender
points out that Rape (B. napus oleifers) which also contains mustard
oil is not injured, on the contrary is rendered more vigorous.
STEGLICH, ( ).--Das Weiss’sche Hederichvertilgungsmittel.
Deut. Landw. Presse (1899), S. 711.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42, S. 352.
STENDER, (_ ).— Hederich Vertilgung durch Kinstliche
Dingemittel.
Illus. Landw. Ztg. (1902), No. 33, S. 332.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 32, S. 188.
The fear of reducing the yield by spraying has proven groundless.
Recommends mixture:
Sulphate of Iron..............0- 10 parts.
Sulphate of Ammonia .......... Io “
Water igs cece eh ecencmstige vanes Ioo
STENDER, A.—Vertilgung gewisser Ackerunkrauter durch
Metallsalze.
Mitt. Landw. Inst. Breslau, Bd. III, (19c0), S. 73.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. XLIII, S. 353.
Treated under six heads:
By what salts are Charlock and Mustard most injured?
What is best concentration for a spray?
What if best time for spraying?
Is it necessary to repeat spraying?
What useful plants are injured, and to what extent?
What is the physiological reason for death?
OOo
Well developed Red Clover and Peas did not show injury. Beans
were badly injured.
STRAUCH, ( ).—( Hederichvertilgung yi
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer, Prov. Schlesien, (1898), S. 881.
TOEPFFER, J.—Die fahrbaren Spritzen und die Vertilgung
des Hederichs durch Eisenvitriol.
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. 30, (1903), S. 291.
TRIBOULET, ROMMANTIN & ST. QUENTIN.—
(Destruction of Wild Mustard.)
Bul, Soc. Nat. Agr. France, 64 (1904), No. 6, pp. 461-66.
Used 5S. of I. and Sulphate of Copper in powdered form.
Von UNWORTH.—(_ ).—Zur Vertilgung von Hederich durch
Bespritzen mit Eisenvitriol (?)
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer, Schlesien (1899), S. 880.
Deut. Landw. Presse 26, 639.
Does not recommend S. of I. for killing weeds.
VANDERVAEREN, J.— Destruction des Sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. n. Ser. 5, (1903), No. 23, p. 731. E.S.R., 15, 266.
Application of 200 Kgo. dry powdered S. of I. per hectare. This
method generally practiced in Belgium.
VESTERGAARD, A. B.—(On the Eradication of Charlock by
means of Iron Sulphate solutions.)
Ugeskr. Landm. 47, (1901), No. 47, p. 451. E.S. R. 13, 756.
VIVIEN, A., er L. GESCHWIND.—Essais sur la destruc-
tion des Sanves.
Engrais (1899), pp. 880-904.
ee mixtures of S. of I. and Sodium Nitrate with satisfactory
results,
Sulphate of Iron Nitrate of Soda Rate per Hectare
10 Kgo. 14 Kgo. to Hkt.
5 o 3 ‘Ti Io “
25 ss Io “
20: Io “
VOELCKER, J. A.—The Destruction of Charlock.
Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc. England. 3rd Ser. Vol. 10, (1899) p. 767.
WAGNER, Ph.—Destruction des Sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I. (1898), p. 577.
Used 15 per cent solution of S. of I. at the rate of 600 1, per hectare.
Did not observe injury to Clover, on contrary the plants took ona
fresher appearance.
WEINZIERL, THEO. RITTER von.—Uber die Bekampfung
des Ackerhederichs.
Pub. K. K. Samen-Kontroll. Stat. Wien, No. 199, (1899), S. 13.
Used a 15 percent solution of S. of I.in form of aspray. The S. of
I. began to work inside of twenty-four hours. Cereals only slightly
affected, especially Barley, but recovered quickly.
Peas and Clover are badly injured.
WEISS, J. E—Die Bekampfung des Hederichs durch Diinge-
salze.
Wcehobl. Landw. Ver. Bayern, (1901), S. 460.
Some comparisons made with S. of I.
WEISS, J. E.—Eine neue Hederichvertilgungs-Methode.
Deut. Landw. Presse (1899), S. 540.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42, S. 351.
Secret compound called “ Heufeld.”
WEYDEMANN, M.—Nochmals zur Hederichvertilgung mit
Eisenvitriol.
Deut. Landw. Presse, (1889), S. 703.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 42, S. 351.
WINTER, (_ ).—( Hederichvertilgung )
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer Schlesien, (1898), S. 721.
).—(Eradication of Weeds by Spraying with
Solution of Metallic Salts.)
Bul. Agr. (Brussels.) 1889, pp. 345 et suivantes.
Plots of oats were treated with the following solutions :
A. 4kgo. Sulphate of copper to 90 1. of water.
3 kgo. do. do. gl.§ 1. of water.
C. 3kgo. Sulphate of iron to 20 1. of water.
Using the first solution the results were completely satisfactory;
using the other two solutions the results were not satisfactory.
In experiments made in Limbourg a 4 per cent solution of sulphate
of copper and a I2 per cent solution of Sulphate of Iron were
efficacious.
In the province of Namur experiments with oats led to the following
results :
A. The most favorable time for the destruction of wild mustard
with saline solutions corresponds with the appearance of
the fifth or sixth leaves.
B. That sulphate of copper is more active than Sulphate of
Iron. From the point of view of economy the S. of I. is to
be recommended over the sulphate of copper.
C. The result of all the experiments is that a 20 per cent solu-
tion of Sulphate of Iron gave the best resnits.
NOTE — The reference source is erroneous.
CAMPBELL (48) has carefully studied this method of erad-
icating the wild mustard and wild radish found in
grain fields.
SPRAYING MACHINES
“In the experiments made by me in 1898, a knapsack sprayer
was used, and it was then evident that a larger machine would
be necessary. To meet the demand Messrs. Strawsons, 71A,
Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., adapted one of their
potato sprayers to the work. In addition, they made a special
and cheaper sprayer, which can be attached to an ordinary
cart, and is capable of covering a breath of rather more than
twenty feet.
Illustration No. 1 pictures this machine at work.
The pump is attached to an ordinary parraffin barrel, and
is worked by an operator standing in the cart. In the larger
machine the pump is geared with the traveling wheels.
* * * * * * * * * * * *
MATERIALS USED
The spraying materials employed consisted of Sulphate of
Iron and Sulphate of Copper. The strength of the Sulphate
of Iron solutions varied between 6 and 16 per cent, applied at
the rate of from 35 to 4o gallons per acre, while in a few cases
double that amount was applied by going twice over the
ground. Inthe case of the Sulphate of Copper solution the
strength varied from 2 to 3% per cent, applied also at the rate
of 35 to 40 gallons per acre.
The cost of the Sulphate of Iron was 6s per cwt., and that
of the Sulphate of Copper gos. The cost, therefore, of a 10
per cent solution of Sulphate of Iron works out at about 2s. 2d.
per acre, and ais per cent solution at 3s.3d. A 2 per cent
solution of Sulphate of Copper costs nearly 3s. per acre, anda
3 per cent solution about 4s. 3d. per acre. These materials can,
however, be had at a much cheaper rate, as the materials used
in our trials were of an unnecessarily high standard of purity
and were not purchased in the best market.
The two substances were analysed in our laboratory. The
Sulphate of Iron was found to be practically pure, and the
Sulphate of Copper had a purity of 95.6 per cent.
Inquiries show that Sulphate of Iron, sufficiently pure, can
be had at 4s. per cwt.and even for 3s. if purchased in quantity.
while Sulphate of Copper is quoted at a little over 30s. per
cwt. Consequently the cost per acre of a Io per cent and a 15
per cent solution of Sulphate of Iron need not be greater than
Is. 5d. and 2s. 2d. respectively. In the same way the cost per
acre of the Sulphate of Copper solutions would be reduced to
about 2s. 3d. and 3s. and 3d. respectively.
METHOD OF SPRAYING
The demonstrations were superintended in each case by
Mr. Haydon or Mr. Burton.
The additional apparatus required includes a second bar-
rel of the same capacity (42 gallons) as the one to which the
pump is attached. A water-cart will also be required unless
water is immediately accessible.
We will suppose a 10 percent solution of Sulphate of
Iron is to be used. The procedure is as follows:
Forty Ibs. Sulphate of Iron is placed in a mixing barrel,
and on this water is poured. The mixture is then well-stirred,
and made up to 40 gallons, and after solution is transferred to
the barrel in the car. While this solution is being distributed
Over an acre an assistant is engaged in preparing a charge
sufficient for another acre, and so on.
In this way the work is only interrupted by the operation
of transferring the solution from the mixing barrel to the
sprayer. The operation was for the most part performed by
the aid of two wooden buckets, a process which is slow and
very disagreeable to the persons engaged init. In consequence
an arrangement was devised for overcoming this difficulty by
temporarily fixing a semi-rotary pump to the mixing-barrel
and transferring the liquid by means of this pump and a hose
into the sprayer. The arrangement is shown in the accompa-
nying illustration No.2. The pump is so constructed that it
may either be used for filling the mixing barrel out of a ditch
or stream, or for transferring the solution from the mixing-
barrel to the sprayer. In this way the use of buckets is entirely
dispensed with. The cost of this supplementary apparatus is
45 11s., and such a pump can deliver 1,100 gallons per hour.
Where a large area is to be sprayed its use is recommended.
In discussing the results it will be convenient to take them
under the following heads:
I. EFFICIENCY OF MACHINES
Where the solutions were free from particles of solid mat-
ter the spray produced by both machines gave complete satis-
faction, but great care had to be taken to prevent foreign
material gaining entrance to the reservoir. Even very small
particles will choke the nozzles. The outer nozzles are much
more liable to be obstructed than those in the center. Fortun-
ately any obstruction in the nozzles can be quickly removed.
It is necessary to have a supply of water free from solid
particles, and the reservoir of the sprayer and the inside of the
mixing-barrel have to be very carefully washed out before the
operations are started.
With each sprayer a sieve is provided through which the
solution may be strained, but in addition it is advisable to pass
it through a piece of very fine sacking.
One of the disadvantages of the smaller machines was the
difficulty in getting a sufficient quantity of the solution
applied. An attempt was made to put on about 40 gallons per
acre, but 35 was found more practicable.
Messrs. Strawsons inform me that it is their intention next
year to provide their smaller machines with a larger pump
without additional cost. The problem of delivering a sufficient
quantity at one dressing will thus be solved. With this
improvement the smaller machine will meet the requirements
of any one wishing to spray charlock or runch. The larger
machine is, of course, more easily worked, but unless the farmer
intends to make use of it for spraying potatoes as well as char-
lock, the smaller machine will sufficiently meet the case.
The area that can be sprayed with one of these machines
in one day will of course depend upon the facilities for obtain-
ing water. On account of the experimental nature of the
work, there were many delays that would not occur in ordinary
practice. Taking into account the delay involved in recharg-
ing the machine a day’s work can only be reckoned at from 15
to 20 acres.
Il. INFLUENCE OF WEATHER
At a very early stage in the tests it was quite apparent
that the influence of the weather was a most important factor
in determining the success or failure of the operation.
The first trial was at Emley, and was made on a bright,
dry and calm day. At this centre the operation was a decided
success. The second test was at Stainton ona showery day.
Of all the centres this was one of the least successful. At
Wressle, where the third trial was made, the weather was not
only wet but very windy, and it was found that the spray was
blown by the wind. against the rows of corn, which acted asa
shelter to the charlock growing between them, and this, com-
bined with the wet weather, brought about a result scarcely
more successful than that at Stainton. ;
As it was very evident that the operation, if performed
during wet, windy weather, would be only attended by very
slight success, no further demonstrations were made until the
weather had improved. Thereafter the experience was uni-
form, viz.: that charlock or runch sprayed with a proper
amount of material, before, during, or immediately after wet
weather, to a large extent, escaped destruction, the same being
the case when the weather was windy; when, however, the
spraying was done in dry weather and ona bright calm day,
with a sufficient quantity of solution of the requisite strength,
the results were cqually uniform, viz.: the leaves of charlock
were blackened and eventually completely destroyed.
Ill. THE INFLUENCE OF AGE OF
THE CHARLOCK
Unfortunately the weather broke at a time when a large
number of demonstrations had been arranged. One was made
at the proper time, viz., at Emley. In this case the charlock
plants were just getting into rough leaf, and the rows of barley
were about three inches high. The result was that where the
solutions were put on in proper quantity the effect on the
charlock was to reduce the leaves to a black cinder, from
which few recovered. As the season advanced the plants at
other centres became larger and larger, and in some cases
attempts were made to kill plants that had formed a strong
stem and were in full flower.
The results of spraying fully grown charlock varied accord-
ing to the strength of the solution, but in all cases when the
weather was suitable the leaves were killed, but the flowers
and stems were only partially destroyed.
It was abundantly proved that success can only be obtained
when the plants are taken in the youngest stage. The opera-
tion is calculated to destroy charlock leaves only.
If the charlock is sprayed after the stems and flowers are
formed, though the leaves are destroyed, the stems and flowers
retain sufficient vitality to form seeds, the number of which is,
however, much less than in the case of a plant in its normal
condition. Spraying strong, well-grown charlock produces a
stunted growth, and enables the corn, if good, to gain the
mastery of it. It was noticed that although the leaves were
killed and the stems damaged the formation of seed was
hastened.
IV. STRENGTH OF SOLUTION
On account of the probable danger of destroying the corn
and the young seeds, rather weak solutions were at first applied.
Later, however, these were strengthened in the case of Sul-
phate of Iron to 12, 14 and 16 per cent, and other conditions
being suitable go gallons per acre of such solutions will give
satisfactory results.
But for the difficulty of making stronger solutions and
also the difficulty of getting the machine to apply the desired
quantity, still heavier doses of Sulphate of Iron would have
been applied.
It was quite apparent on the one hand that solutions of
greater strength would not injure the corn, and on the other
hand that weaker solutions would not effect the desired de-
struction of charlock and runch.
The general experience with regard to the strength and
quantity of solution was that the largest doses produced the
best results, and that 2 per cent solutions of Sulpate of Copper
or anything under a Io per cent solution of Sulphate of Iron
was much too weak to be really beneficial. It must be borne
in mind, however, that these strong solutions were applied to
strong grown charlock. Owing to the weather we were not
permitted to test them on very young plants.
Those who intend to spray next year should try 4o gallons
per acre of a 10 and a 15 per cent solution of Sulphate of Iron
at the proper stage.
V. EFFECT ON THE CORN
The crops sprayed comprised both oats, barley, and the
spring wheat. Ina few cases it was reported that after spray-
ing the corn became greener, but certainly this applied to the
portions dressed with Sulphate of Iron rather than to those
dressed with Sulphate of Copper. There was no complaint
from any centre of deterioration either in quality or quantity
of the grain crops sprayed. Neither was there any difference
observed in times of ripening.
VI. EFFECT ON CLOVERS AND GRASSES
The experiments conducted by me last year in Scotland
on the spraying of charlock growing among young seeds led
me to the conclusion that the application of Sulphate of Iron
I 2 3
(For description see following page)
would not have any evil effect upon these plants, even in the
tender condition in which they are to be found in the spring-
time. This opinion was throughout the experiments com-
pletely confirmed, as in no case has there been any complaint
of damage done to young clover or grasses.
The accompanying illustration shows three pots contain-
ing red clover, mustard, and wheat respectively. All three
sprayed while quite young with equal quantities of a 12 per
cent solution of Sulphate of Iron, the quantity applied being
greatly in excess of that which is used in ordinary practice.
As will be seen from the illustration neither the clover nor the
wheat was injured, whilst the mustard was entirely destroyed.
VII. COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF SULPHATE OF
IRON AND SULPHATE OF COPPER
In our trials Sulphate of Iron was for the most part em-
ployed. It is less inimical to plant life than Sulphate of
Copper, indeed it has been often applied as a fertilizer. The
advantages attending the use of Sulphate of Copper lies in the
fact that a much less weight of it is required, and it is much
more pleasant to use. The difference in the cost per acre is
not a serious consideration. Sometimes the one cost more per
acre than the other, depending upon the market. When large
crystals of either salt are used it takes a considerable time to
get a solution, particularly when a strong one is desired. The
difficulty may be overcome by having it well ground, but in
the form of a powder Sulphate of Iron rapidly oxidizes, and
on being dissolved produces a flocculent precipitate of the
hydrate of iron, which, however, does not cause a stoppage of
the nozzles. The particles of this precipitate very quickly
became white on the plant, but did not do any damage either
to the charlock or corn.
VHI. COMPARATIVE EFFECT ON CHARLOCK
AND RUNCH
As is well known to farmers in Yorkshire, there are two
weeds infesting corn fields, charlock and runch, which some-
what resemble each other. The charlock has a yellow flower,
while the petals of the runch are whitish, with violet vein, and
the foliage leaves are thicker than those of the charlock. Both
kinds were abundant, and it was found that charlock was more
easily destroyed than runch.
IX. EFFECT OF THE SPRAY ON
OTHER PLANTS
In order to test a solution of Sulphate of Iron on a variety
of other plants, Mr. Haydon sowed in pots at the experimental
farm at Garforth, seeds of the plants named in the following
table, and sprayed the seedlings with a 12 per cent solution of
Sulphate of Iron.
The only plants seriously affected were beans, mustard,
turnips and swedes. Of the last three, which all belong to the
same order as charlock and runch, the mustard suffered much
more than turnips, while the swedes suffered least.
The destruction of the beans at Garforth was evidently
due to the large quantity of the solution applied. At one of
the centres a small plot of beans was treated at the rate of 35
gallons per acre without serious damage to the plants.
X. THE EFFECT OF DOUBLE SPRAYING
In a few cases the crops were sprayed twice on the same
day, a plan that was found to answer well, and it appeared that
double application is an advantage even if the solutions used be
somewhat weaker.
When inspecting the experiments it was noticed at many
of the centres that a second batch of plants had grown since
the spray had been applied. Ifa second application had been
used after an interval of about ten days this second crop also
would have been destroyed.
On account, however, of the great demand for trials with
the sprayer, we did not succeed in returning a second time to
any of the centres to put this plan to the test.
XI. THEORY OF THE ACTION OF THE
SPRAY ON CHARLOCK
Nothing certain is known with regard to the specific
action of solutions of Sulphate of Iron and Sulphate of Cop-
per on charlock plants. The point requires careful considera-
tion, and is at present being investigated by Mr. Ingle,
agricultural chemist to this department.
It cannot be due to the roughness of the charlock leaves
retaining the spray, for there are many other plants which
retain the spray equally well and yet escape injury. In all
probability the result is due to the fact that cruciferous plants
contain certain substances peculiar to their order— substances
which may react chemically with iron or copper salts.
In summing up the experience gained in spraying 144
acres of charlock and runch infested grain crops in Yorkshire,
we may conclude:
1. That the operation is only completely successful when
the plants are taken in the youngest stage.
2. That a bright, dry and calm day is a necessary factor
to success.
3. That in the case of Sulphate of Iron at least a 10 per
cent solution is required, and this should be applied
at the rate of not less than 4o gallons per acre.
Even a 15 per cent solution of Sulphate of Iron
may be necessary if the plants have got beyond the
first rough leaf stage.
4. Such solutions will not injure either corn or young
seeds.
Plants Grown In Pots at GARFORTH, AND SPRAYED
WITH A I2 PER CENT SOLUTION OF
SULPHATE OF IRON
KIND OF PLANT
RESULT
PO AS ts Cis tice ics tet et tat ae ct ier eke
Scarlet Runners ...........
Broad Beans.................00.
ie eae oceans ono es
Tee Gh Shea wis Sencleies icc. calt ee as seta atu sats
Riad isi. 4 saesctarsc atone Gtr weaeegtaus
Cress
Cd
Swed Shirase suntan ws
White Turnips...................
Mangels
Red ClOGEE facie sacs aw aatietcnst Pe ten ks
Cow Grass
AISHKG ia Ss air aere ents eared
“Seeds” with some White Mustard.
Slightly damaged.
Slightly damaged.
Leaves scorched.
Very little damage done.
Very little damage done.
Very little damage done.
Very little damage done.
Injured.
Injured.
Injured.
Completely killed.
Slightly damaged.
Leaves blistered.
Leaves blistered.
Leaves blistered.
Leaves blistered.
Practically uninjured.
Practically uninjured.
Practically uninjured.
Practically uninjured.
Practically uninjured.
Practically uninjured.
Practically uninjured.
Practically uninjured.
Practically uninjured.
Practically uninjured.
Mustard killed, but
“‘seeds” uninjured.
The solution was also tried at Garforth on a large number
of different weeds, none of which were of the charlock tribe.
In no case were these weeds exterminated. An excessive dose
did damage to daisies and plaintain in pasture without equal
harm to the grass plants.
Strength of
Strength of
Condition
i ith
of Test NAME OF CENTRE oe Without Sulphate of Iron Sulphate of Copper Weather Condition of Charlock of Sprayed RESULTS
Seeds Solution Solution Crop
May Old Hall, Emley Barley — 6, 8, 14 per cent 2 per cent Calm and bright Just in rough leaf 3 inches high Charlock all killed with strong solution and much
checked with weaker. No damage to corn.
May Stainton Manor, Rotherham Barley Seeds 8%, 10, 1134, 13, 14% per cent —— Windy Just in rough leaf 3 inches high Runch not killed but checked.
May Wressle, Howden Oats -—— 113, 13, 14%, 1534 per cent — Windy and wet Very thick, strong 3 inches high Wind and rain immediately followed spraying.
Charlock browned but not killed.
May Wressle, Howden Oats —— Io per cent — Fine Very thick, strong 4 inches high Spraying repeated. Charlock demolished.
May Huntow Farm, Bridlington Spring wheat | —— 7%, 10, 11 per cent — Windy, with showers Strong 4 inches high pee aay charlock killed, remainder much
checked.
May The Grange, Bridlington Barley Seeds 73% per cent _-— Fine Strong 4 inches high Charlock partially killed. Seeds not injured.
May Pollington, Snaith Oats as 7%, 8% per cent — Fine Thick, almost in flower Rather big Charlock slightly checked, but not killed. Solu-
tions not strong enough.
May Hutton Cranswick Oats Seeds 7%, 10 per cent -— Fine, but windy Fairly abundant, small 3 inches high Not all pilled, Duk goon results obtained, especially
with strong solution.
May Hutton Cranswick Oats 10, 1234 per cent oe Fine, but windy Stronger 3 inches high The strong solution produced a satisfactory re-
: sult. No damage to seeds or corn.
May Pollington Grange, Snaith Barley Seeds Io, 1214, 14 per cent — Very fine Very thick, just flowering Rather big Considerably checked. Eventually overcome by
corn.
May Laxton, Howden Oats — Io, 114%, 12% per cent — Very fine Strong, just flowering Knee deep Charlock damaged.
June Waplington, Pocklington Oats Seeds 7%, 854, Io per cent 134 per cent Fine Not thick, but strong 4 inches deep Foliage es rae destroyed, but many stems re-
tained vitality.
Waplington, Pocklington Barley — Io, 1246 per cent — Very fine Much smaller 4 inches deep Charlock not killed outright, but injured.
Staincliffe Lodge, Aughton Oats — 10, 11344, 124g per cent — Rather windy _ Very thick, just floweriug Tall Only partially killed even with strong solution.
June Shipton-Thorpe, Market Weighton | Barley —- 1o, 1134 per cent 13 per cent Rather strong wind Very thick, just flowering Tall Good results with strong solution where sprayed
; twice over. Sulphate of Copper not so good.
June Givendale, Boroughbridge Barley —o 10, 11%, 1134, 1234, 1334 per cent — Very fine Very thick, mostly in flower Knee deep Charlock nearly all killed when double sprayed.
: ’ ; Leaves stripped off with single dressing.
June Stonehills, Bridlington Spring wheat | —— 12%, 14, 15 per cent 34 per cent A little wind Very strong and plentiful Knee deep Not successful.
June Birkby Nab, Ripon Oats — Io per cent = Windy Very thin 3 inches high Very little charlock to be killed.
Sherburn, E. R. Oats -—— 10, 16% per cent — Windy : In full flower Rather tall Charlock checked.
Thrope Hall, Howden Barley Seeds 12% per cent 134 per cent A little wind In full flower Rather tall To strong and old to be killed completely.
Scurff Hall, Drax Oats — 24%, 3 per cent Fine Very big and strongly grown | 2 feet high Charlock nearly all killed.
Sutton-on-Derwent Oats —— Io, 12%, 15 per cent 334 per cent Very fine’ In full flower — Rather big Successful.
Leconfield Park, Beverley Oats —— 2, 2%, 3, 344 per cent A little wind Seed pods forming Tall Large number killed. Charlock 23¢ feet high.
Hunmanby Barley Seeds 10, 1234, 1§ per cent — Rather windy Charlock small Short Charlock killed with strongest solution.
June Carr House, Tickhill Barley — 14 per cent 2 per cent Fine Charlock just in flower 6 inches deep Charlock nearly all dead where sprayed twice over,
PAU a ORS INDE
The abbreviations used in designating the periodicals from which the
following titles have been taken are those prepared under the direction of
Dr. E. W. Allen and used by him in the Experiment Station Record.
In the following pages parentheses are used to indicate defective titles,
translated titles, unknown authors, and missing given names or initials.
The abbreviations “S. of I.” and “S,. of C.” stand for sulphate of iron
and sulphate of copper respectively.
1 ADERHOLD, R.—Uber die Wirkungsweise der sogenann-
ten Bordeauxbriihe (Kupferkalkbriihe).
Centbl. Bakt. II Abt, Bd. V, S. 217, 254.
It has been observed that healthy plants sprayed with Bordeaux
mixture developed better than those not sprayed. The improve-
ment to be observed in grapes and potatoes by spraying—the
richer green color of the foliage (the greater production of
chlorophyll), the increased elaboration of organic substance, is
according to the author, due to the S. of I. content of the Bor-
deaux mixture.
2 ADERHOLD, R.—Ein paar Versuche zur Vertilgung des
Unkrautes im Gartenrasen.
Centbl. Bakt. II Abt. Bd. VII (1901), S. 662.
3 dALDIN, ( ).—(Potato Disease.)
Bul. de la Soc. des Agri. de France, Juillet, 1888.
Effect of S. of I. on potatoes attacked by disease.
4 ALTEN, H. u. JANNICKE, W.—Eine Schadigung von
Rosenblattern durch Asphaltdampfe.
Bot. Ztg., 49 Jahrg. (1891), S. 195-199.
S. of I. solution produced a dark discoloration resembling that
caused by asphalt vapors, and brought about precipitation of the
contents of the epidermal cells.
5 ANDERSON, H. C. L—Fruit Tree Diseases.
Dept. Agr. N. S. Wales, Bul. No. 4 (1891), p. 25-26.
Refers to peach rust and success in treating trees with S. of I.
Recommends spraying in winter with 1 lb. S. of I. in 8 gals. of
water, and applying potash in addition.
Ke)
II
12
ANDERSON, J. R.—Wild Mustard.
Dept. Agr. Brit. Columbia Bul. 11, p. 12.
E. S. R. 15, p. 265.
Destruction of Brassica sinapistrum by spraying with S. of I.
and S. of C.
COMMISSION DE LA SOC.D’AGRIC.DE L’AUDE.—
Le sulfate de fer et la chlorose.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1892), T. 2, p. 811.
AUDOYNAUD, (_ ).—Adaptation au sol des cépages
américains.
Jour. Agr. (Paris), T. 16 (1881), p. 302.
Disputes M. Millardet’s iron theory.
AULD, J. McQUEEN.—Oxide of Iron for Foot-Rot.
a Disp., Farmer and Fruit Grower, n. ser., Vol. 3 (1891), p.
403.
Recommends the use of 5 to 15 lbs. per tree.
BARLOW, J. J.—(Effect of Sulphate of Iron on Pota-
toes).
Farm & Home, Dec. 8, 1888.
BARBUT, G.—Sur le traitement de la chlorose par le pro-
cédé Rassiguier.
Prog. Agr. et Vit., T. 22 (1894), p. 462.
Favors treatment in autumn—middle of October to middle of
November. Used 4o per cent solution of S. of I. for old vines,
and on young vines a 20-25 per cent solution. Results satis-
factory.
S. of I. in same quantity applied to the roots did not produce the
same effect.
BARTH, M.—Die Gelbsucht der Reben.
Weinbau u. Weinhandel (1895), S. 453 and 461.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 25, S. 445.
Action of S. of I. not pronounced.
13
14
15
16
17
BEACH, S. A.—Some Bean Diseases. (Anthracnose of
the Bean.)
N. Y. St. Bul. No. 48, n. ser., Dec. (1892), p. 308.
E. S. R. 4, p. 558.
To combat anthracnose of the bean, soaked seed in S. of I. solu-
tion, I oz. to 1 gal. of water, with following result:
Stand secured............0. 88
Marketable Yield.......... 71
Yield of Poor Beans........ 132
This shows serious injury was done by the soaking.
BEACH, S. A.—Treatment of Potato Scab. (Odspora
scabies. )
N. Y. St. Bul. No. 49, n. ser. Jan. (1893), p. 1.
E. S. R. 4, p. 560.
On non-infected soil seed soaked in a S. of.I. solution (1 oz.
to 1 gal.) gave the best result.
BEDFORD. (HERBRAND ARTHUR RUSSELL),
DUKE OF & S. U, PICKERING. — Liquid
Dressings Applied to Strawberries during the
Fruiting Season.
Report of the Workings & Results of the Woburn Experimental
Fruit Farm, Second Rpt. (1900), p. 89.
BEHRENS, (_ ).—Experiments on Killing Weeds.
Wochenblatt des Landw. Ver. im Grossherzogtum Baden
(1902), No. 33.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 33, S. 60.
S. of I. successfully used on calcareous soils.
BEINLING, E.—Uber das Auftretin von Reben krank-
heiten im Grossherzogtum Baden im Jahre, 1891.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. (1892), S. 307.
Sphaceoloma ampelinum: Used a 5 per cent solution S. of I.
in the springtime (Feb.-Mar.) with good results.
Dematophora necatrix: 4000-5000 vines fertilized with S. of I.
in autumn, using 120-200 grams per vine. In the following year
the treated vines showed better growth and developed numerous
new thread roots.
For true Chlorosis, fertilize with 100-300 grams per vine.
18
19
20
2iI
22
23
24
25
26
BELL, ( ).—Manures: their Sources.
Composition & Application, p. 100.
BELL, E. W.—Sulphate of Iron as a Manure for Potatoes.
Chem. News, Vol. 71 (1895), p. 15.
BENARD, J.—(Eradication of Weeds.)
Bul. du Comice agricole de Reims, Vol. 34 (1808).
For the eradication of weeds used 5, 10 and 15 per cent solu-
tions of S. of I. and found them inefficient; 20 per cent solu-
tion efficient but less so than 2 per cent S. of C. solution.
BENECKE, W.—Die zur Ernahrung der Schimmel pilze
nothwendigen Metalle.
Jahrb. Wiss. Bot., Bd. 28 (1895), S. 526.
BERNARD, A.—Essai de theorie de l’action du sulfate de
fer contre la chlorosis.
BERNARD, A.—Le Calcaire sa Determination et son Role
dans les Terres arables, 1902.
Chap. IV.
BERTE! S, C—( ).
Allg. Landw. Monatschr., Bd. VII, Jahrg. (1842).
Found S. of I. present in a soil which he examined and recom-
mended the application of lime to the soilj3to overcome any bad
effect.
BERTRAND, G.—Sur lintervention du Manganése dans
les oxydations provoquées par la laccase.
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), T. 124 (1897), p. 1032.
BESELER, W.—Versuche mit Vitriolspritzungen zu ver-
schiedenen Frtichten auf Cunrauer Moordam-
men.
Mitt. Ver. Ford. Mookult. (1902), S. 281.
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. XXIX (1902), S. 680.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 45, S. 67.
Experimented with Horsebean. Sprayed with solution of S. of
L., 60 pfd. to 100 litres, applied to Y% ha. Sprayed piece showed
no improvement over unsprayed.
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
BIEDENKOPF, _H—Zur Frage zur Bekampfung des
Hederichs, speziell durch Metallsalzlosungen.
Deut. Landw. Presse, No. 46 (1901), S. 406.
Has made no study of what he writes, but thinks that no quanti-
tative work has been offered on yield from sprayed vs. un-
sprayed plots. Thinks soil injured and plants poisoned.
BIRNER s LUCANUS.—Wasserculturversuche mit Ha-
er.
Landw. Vers. Stat., Bd. VIII (1886), S. 145.
Manganese can in no way replace iron. Ferrous salt (phos-
phate) can replace ferric phosphate to advantage.
BLACKMAN, (_ ).—(Iron filings benefitted pear trees.)
Fla. St. Hort. Soc. (1903), p. 103.
VON BLUCHER, (_ ).—(Hederichvertilgung.)
Ann. Landw. der Mecklenburg Vereins (1903), No. 22.
BOIRET, (_ ).—(Die zerstérung der Kleeseide durch
Eisensul fat.)
Jour. Agr. (Paris) (1899), T. 11, p. 770.
BOIRET, H. & G. PATURAL.—Recherches sur |’emploi
agricole du sulphate de fer.
Ann. Agron., T. 18 (1892), p. 417.
BOLLE, ( ).—(Anthracnose of Grape.)
Atti memorie dell’Instituto di Gorizia, 1892.
Recommends a mixture for Anthracnose of grape.
Sulphate of Iron ............ 50 Kgo
Sulphuric Acid o.4 sascacscsass « Gh
WhateR. psec ceacaeucemiincalee 288 Ioo “
Dissolve the S. of I. in hot water, then add the acid and stir
well. Use before cold, applying to the vines with brush or
swab. Apply 15-20 days before buds start to open.
BOKORNY, TH.—Eine bemerkenswerthe Wirkung Oxy-
dierter Eisenvitriollosungen auf lebende Pflan-
zenzellen.
Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gess. VII, Heft 7.
35
36
37
38
39
4I
BORKONY, TH.—Vergleichende Studien iiber die Gift-
wirkung verschiedener chemischer Substanzen
auf Algen and Infusorien.
Archiv. Physiol. (Pfliiger), Bd. 64 (1806), S. 262-306.
S. of I. shown to be only weakly poisonous.
BORDRY, E.—Le procédé Rassiguier contre chlorose de
la vigne.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1866), T. II, p. 293.
Writes on M. Louet’s results with the method and compares with
his own.
BORNIER, (__ ).—(Chlorosis.)
Rev. Vit.
Used a 50 per cent solution with the result that not a trace of
Chlorosis manifested itself during the season.
BOUSSINGAULT, ( ).—Agronomie, Chemie, Agricul-
ture et Physiologie, (1874).
Showed chlorotic and non-chlorotic leaves to contain almost
same amount of iron.
BRACCI, ( ).—Sull’ azione del solfato di ferro sulle
piante.
Staz. Sper. Agr. Ital., Vol. XV, pp. 38-45.
Wheat and oats ripened earlier and yielded more grain and
straw. The straw of the oats showed increased content of Fe2
03 and P2 Os.
BRANDIN, (_ ).—La Destruction des Sanves.
Bul. Soc. Nat. Agr. France (1900), p. 451.
Experimented with 95 Hect. oats and 45 Hect. wheat. Mustard
apparently badly injured by 12 per cent solution but recovered to
vigorous growth. 3% per cent S. of C. destroyed completely.
BRETFELD, (_ ).—Das Versuchswesen auf dem Gebiete
der Pflanzenghysiologie.
(1884), S. 135.
42 BRETON, (_ ).—(In Bernard’s La Calcaire sa Determina-
tion et son Role dans les Terres arables, (1902),
p. 158.)
Bernard quotes a gardener named Breton who lived in Haute-
Marne (Meures) whose secret for growing the most delicious
melons ripening early, was the use of Sulphate of Iron.
43 BROOKS, W. P.—Report of Agriculturist.
Mass. Hatch Sta. Rpt., (1896), pp. 9-49.
S. of I. applied to plots of Soy Beans at the rate of 80 Ibs. per
acre. Difference in favor of the treated plots over the untreated
plots was at the rate of 525 Ibs. per acre, the crop being cut
green for silo. Applied June 24, just as beans were coming up.
A r
44 BRULE, (_ ).—(Eradication of Weeds by Spraying with
Solutions of Metallic Salts).
Comice agricole de |’ arrondissement de Reims, 1808.
Claims that 5, 10, 15 per cent solutions are inefficient, that a 20 per
cent solution is less efficient than a 2 per cent solution of sul-
phate of copper. It is necessary to employ solutions containing
more than 25 per cent of S. of I. and these solutions rapidly
corrode the apparatus.
45 BRUNET, R.—L’anthracnose et le rougeot.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1895), No. 36, pp. 338-340.
S. of I. successfully used again Gleosporium ampelophagum.
Solution made of,
Se 20 LTesivnleiatennin vecs 50 Kgo.
Sulphuric Acid ..... 1 Litre.
WatéE -Accyscneconne too Litres.
Wash the vines carefully and if result is not obtained, wash a
second time two weeks later. When the disease has a good hold,
treatment not a success.
46 BUBAK, F.—Uber eisenfleckige Kartoffeln.
Ztschr. Landw. Versuchswesen Oesterr. (1902), S. 306.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 32, S. 182.
Probably caused by excess of iron in a soil poor in lime.
47 BUNGE, G.—Uber die Assimilation des Eisens.
Ztschr. Physiol. Chem., Bd. 9, S. 49-59.
48
49
51
52
53
54
55
CAMPBELL, J. R.—Report on the Spraying of Charlock
and Runch.
Yorkshire Col. Leeds and East and West Ridings Joint Agri.
Council, Garforth Expts. (18909).
CAPUS, J—(The Destruction of Grapes affected with
Black Rot.)
Rev. Vit., T. XXII (1904), p. 413-414.
Author recommends treating dried pomace with a strong solution
of S. of I. to prevent the rot being carried by pomace.
CASTREX, ( ).—(Grape Anthracnose in Tunis.)
Bul. Dir. Agr. et Com. 4, (1899), pp. 11-70. E. S. R. 11, p. 50.
Recommends treatment in winter with S. of I. and lime.
CAZEAUX-CAZALET, G.—Note sur les causes de la
chlorose des vignes et sur les moyens de pre-
venir et de traiter cette affection.
Brochure (1892).
Treated in August using Io litres of 10 per cent solution. Cause
of maladie in roots.
CAZENEUVE, P. ET A. NICOLLE.—Sur la réaction du
sulphate de fer vis-a-vis des phosphates cal-
ciques employés en agriculture.
Monit. Sci., T. 30, p. 334.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., N. F., Bd. 35, S. 258.
DE CERIS, A.—Le sulfate de fer pour la destruction des
sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1900), T. 11, pp. 40, 220. Letter from M. Mar-
guerite-Delarcholonny claiming discovery of the necessity for
two sprayings.
Tour. Agr. Prat. (1900), T. II, pp. 40, 220.
CHATIN, AD. & A. MUNTZ.—Etude chimique sur la
nature et les causes du verdissement des
Huitres.
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), T. 118, p. 17.
CHAUZIT, B—Le sulfate de fer en viticulture.
Rev. Vit. T. I, p. 314.
56 COBB, N. A—Notes on Diseases of Plants.
Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales, Vol. II, p. 57.
For peach rust, recommends burning the leaves and spraying the
trees in winter with S. of I. (1 lb. to 8 gals. of water.)
57 COCHRAN, (_ ).—Ceylon Manual of Chemical Analysis,
p. 202.
58 COHN, ( ).—Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen. (1870).
s. 11g,
Iron in cell walls of algae as incrustation.
59. COSTE, H.—Instruction pratique sur les traitements a
effecteur contre le mildew et l’anthracnose.
Ann. Soc. d'hort, et d’hist. nat. de Herault. 2 ser., T. XXIII,
(1891) pp. 178-182.
Apply a warm 50 per cent solution of S. of I. with brush or spray
before growth starts in the springtime. On making up the
solution moisten the crystals with sulphuric acid before dissolv-
ing.
60 COSTE-FLORET.—Role du sulphate de fer.
Prog. Agr. et Vit., 26, (1896), Nos. 42, pp. 434-440; 43, pp. 463-
467; 44, pp. 496-504.
Favorable results claimed for calcareous soils. Efficacious as pro-
ducing secondary reactions. In large quantity is a corrosive. A
palliative with chlorosis not a remedy.
61 CRAIG, J—Grape Anthracnose.
Report of Horticulturist.
Appendix to Rpt. Min. Agr. Canada.
Experimental Farms Reports 1892, pp. 99-101.
62 CRAIG, J.—Small Fruits, Grapes (Sphaceloma Ampeli-
num).
Rpt. of Horticulturist.
Appendix to Rpt. Min. Agr. Canada.
Experimental Farms Reports, 1891, p. 125.
A solution of S. of I. 1 Ib. to 10 lbs. water was used as a wash.
The treatment was ineffectual in preventing the spread of the dis-
ease.
63 CROCKER, E. F.—(Destruction of Ustilago cucumis.)
In Griffith’s, A Treatise on Manure, p. 302.
64 CROLAS, DR.—Le Phylloxéra dans le départment de
l’Ain. Le Phylloxéra An. If (1878) p. 43.
Used the following mixture to sustain the vine during the treat-
ment for the destruction of phylloxera and with good results:
Potassium Chloride
Sulphate of Iron..............00.
Used 25 grams per vine. Mentions (P. 46) an excellent fertiliz-
er for vines known as “Davis Fertilizer Insecticide’ composed
of calcium carbonate, Sulphate of Iron, and caustic potash.
65 CROZIER, A. A.—On the Effects of Certain Fungicides
upon the Vitality of Seeds.
Jour. Mycol., Vol. VI, (1890), pp. 8-11.
Seed corn soaked 24 hrs. in solution of 1 Ib. S. of I. to a bushel
of seed, with sufficient water to cover the grain.
Result: Nearly as injurious effect as Sulphate of Copper. No
scorching of leaves observable even with the strongest solution.
66 CUGINI, G.—Sull’ utilita del trattamento dei frutti poma-
cei col solfata di ferro.
B. Ort. Firenze, An. XII, (1887), pp. 51-56.
Explains M. Ville’s observations. The S. of I. is forced through
the stomata, or by osmotic action through the cell wall of the
outer skin of the fruit, and occasions increased work of the
plasma, and in the presence of light the formation of numerous
chloroplastids, and these lead to greater activity in the process
of assimilation, whereby growth results.
67 CUGINI, G.—Intorno al modo di esistere del ferro nelle
piante.
Staz. Sper. Agr. Ital. Vol. XXVII, p. 649.
Disputes the views of Molisch.
68 CULERON, P.—Nouveau mode d’emploi du sulfate de
fer contre la chlorose.
Jour. Agr. (Paris), T. II. p. 340.
Used one Kgo. S. of I. to 40-50 1. water per vine. Recommends a
compost made of S. of I. one part, grape marc three parts.
69 DAVY, SIR HUMPHREY.—Elements of Agricultural
Chemistry.
London, 1814, p. 334.
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
DEGRULLY, L.—Traitement de la chlorose par le badi-
geonnage d’automne au sulfate de fer.
Prog. Agr. et Vit. T. 22, (1804) p. 334.
DEGRULLY, L.—Traitement de la chlorose par l’applica-
tion de sulfate de fer sur les plaies pratiquées
en été,
Prog. Agr. et Vit. T. XXVI, p. 113.
Messine process is dangerous. Rassiguier process less dan-
gerous and gives splendid results.
DE GRULLY & GASTINE.—(Action du sulfate de fer
sur la chlorose de la vigne.)
Soc. Nationale d’Agr. de France 1894, Nov. 24.
Chloritic leaves contain excess of iron and silica over non-
chloritic. Treatment with S. of I. diminishes iron in the leaves,
and increases K.O, Na.O.
DEHERAIN, (_ ).—Traité de Chimie agricole (1892), p.
480.
Claims S. of I. is a plant poison and quotes Voelcker.
DEHERAIN.—In Wurtz’s Dictionnaire de chemie (1878),
Tome III, p. 347.
DELACROIX, (_).—Sur la Maladie des Geillets, produite
par le Fusarium Dianthi Prill. et Delac.
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 1900, T. II, p. 961.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. Bd. XI, S. 168.
Treat the soil with S. of I. and this only in soil free from lime,
otherwise the Sulphate of Iron is decomposed.
DEMENTJEW-ARKADY, (_).—Die Chlorose der Pflan-
zen und Mittel zur Ihrer Bekampfung.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank., Bd. XII, S. 321.
Considers the use of S. of I. valueless.
DENAIFFE & SIRODOT. — (Le Charbon — Ustilago
carbo; U. Segetum—). L’Avoine, p. 701.
Soaked seeds in sulphate solutions. S. of I. 2-5 per cent, had
the least value of the three salts used, viz.: S. of I, sulphate of
soda, Sulphate of Copper.
78 DENAIFFE & SIRODOT.—(Destruction of Wild Rad-
ish and Wild Mustard.) L’Avoine, PP. 730-733.
10-12 per cent solution S. of I. employed when plants are small;
15 per cent solution when plants are large. Applied at the rate
of 12 Hktl. per Hect. Two reasons for using S. of I., low cost
and the favorable action on the growth of oats.
79 DESBOIS, ( )—In Bernard’s La Calcaire sa Determina-
tion et son Role dans les Terres arables. p. 219.
Also Revue horticole, 1888.
A bed of Maréchal-Niel roses being chloritic was condemned.
Treated with S. of I. 100 grams to 10 Litres, the solution being
applied to the roots. Treated three times at intervals of eight
days. The bushes produced five or six roses of ochreous color.
The vegetation was vigorous.
In 1889 the bushes produced 300 beautiful roses of the usual
color.
Physico-chemical analysis of the soil gave:
Silica <n icsagieke gx's deed ceA 6 slate mane oka 67.3%
CaleareGUs: ies d tic Sas ds Gasbid arbaienida bea 16.0%
Argillaceous and Organic Matters........ 16.7%
80 DESTREMX, L.—Le sulfate de fer en agriculture.
Jour. Agr. Prat. 1888, No. 47, T. II, p. 747.
Plays a great role in vineyards.
Specific against Chlorosis, Anthracnose.
Successfully used to eradicate moss in pastures. Sulphate of Tron
for roots with Sulphate of Copper for leaves makes the ideal
combination.
81 DETMER, W.—Die nattirlichen Humus kérpen des Bodens
und ihre landwirthschaftliche Bedeutung.
Landw. Vers. Bd., XIV, S. 292.
Reduction of ferric to ferrous compounds in sour humus soils.
82 DEVARDA, A.—Ein neues Geheimmittel gegen den Per-
onospora, “La Vitale.”
Die Weinlaube, 31 Dec. (1899).
Centbl. Agr. Chem. Bd., XXXI, S. 648.
Compound composed of the Sulphates of Iron, Copper, Potash,
Soda, with Carbonates of Lime and Soda, with the addition of a
tarry substance.
83
34
85.
86
87
88.
89.
DIEULAFAIT, ( ).—Dépéts de mer et d’eau douce au
point de vue agronomique, suivant qu’ils sont
on ne sont pas sulfurés ; alluvions de la Durance.
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), T. 98, p. 1007.
Sterility due to pyrites. This compound weathers and the soil
becomes very fertile. Sulphuric acid is liberated, attacks the
phosphates and produces the fertility.
DIETRICH, ( ).—( ie
Wagner’s Jahresber. (1866), S. 273.
Combats the view that chlorophyll produces assimilation and
claims it is protoplasma.
NOTE: This reference cannot be verified.
DONHOFF, P.—Erfahrungen betr. Vertilgung des Heder-
ichs und Ackersen{s durch Bespritzen mit Ei-
senvitriollo6sung.
Deut. Landw. Presse. (1902), S. 357.
DRAPIER-GENTEUR, ( ).—Note sur un moyen pré-
ventif contre la fiévre aphteuse.
Jour. Agr. Prat., T. I, p. 405.
DUCLOS, (_ ).—Le destruction de la moutarde sauvage.
Bul. Soc. Nationale d’Agr. de France, 9 Juni, (1897).
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I, (1897), p. S62.
DUFOUR, J.—Badigeonnage de ceps.
Chron. Agr. Vaud. T. IX, (1896), p. 88.
DUFOUR, J.—Traitement de la chlorose ou jaunisse par
le systéme Rassiguier.
Chron. Agr. Vaud. T, VIII, p. 468.
Solution of 4 Kgo. S. of I. in 10 litres water. Treatment in
autumn (October) was successful, and the vines showed a re-
markable vigor. While this autumnal treatment may appear sin-
gular, it was made with the view of introducing the iron salt into
the plant before the sap ceased to flow.
90 DUFOUR, J—Les badigeonnages des ceps de vigne.
Chron. Agr. Vaud. T. I, p. 13.
Successfully used 20-30 per cent and 50 per cent solutions against
anthracnose. For preventative treatment 5-10 per cent solutions.
gI
92
93
94
95
96
DUFOUR, J.—Traitements d’hiver contre l’didium.
Chron. Agr. et Vit. T. II, p. 75.
Experiences of wine growers. Two solutions used. A. 6-10 per
cent. S. of I. w'th 10 per cent Lime. B. 10-15 per cent. S. of i.
with or without 1 per cent Sulphuric Acid.
DUFOUR, J.—Note sur le traitement de la chlorose ou
Jaunisse des plantes.
Chron. Agr. Vaud. T. IV. p. 223.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. (1891), S. 136-137.
Recommends a mixture of,
Si OL Diea es Sections pasanad a at nied 3. Kgo
Tey c.g scales asco depahiatuds aid a reek once decd Sees 2% °
Wrath coung8.4 se) tus eens tomes neous 1oo litres
A 2 per cent solution of S. of I. applied to the leaves burned them.
DUFOUR, J.—Essais de badigeonnage des ceps.
Chron. Agr. Vaud. T. IV, (1891), p. 41.
The following compound exercises a very good influence on
vines: :
S208 Tes, 55 anew wigan a iw nae aa ok 3 Kgo
TE ata et 55 se circa Sadie cnareniecta envi ee oa wren 8
Water” cess cs sxruimidmern ceca Dida alone 100 Litres
DUFOUR, J.—Chlorose et sulfate de fer.
Chron. Agr. Vaud. T. X, (1897), p. 626.
Experiences of wine growers using solutions of varying strengths.
DUFOUR, J.—Badigeonnage des ceps dans les vignes trés
atteintes par l’Gidium en 18096.
Chron. Agr. et Vit. du Cant. Vaud. T. X, (1897), p. 107.
Used Milk of Lime, Lime-Iron Spray, Sulphate of Iron, and rec-
ommends last two, made us as follows:
10 Kgo. Lime to 8o 1. water.
6-10 Kgo. S. of I. to 20 1. water.
10-20 Kgo. S. of I. to 20 1. water.
DUFOUR, J.—Le sulfate de fer.
Chron. Agr. Vaud, T. IV, p. 237.
Le Cercle agr. de France discussed the question of the use of S.
of I. in agriculture. Opinions were varied.
S. of I. renders service by acting as a stimulant or as some be-
lieve as a true nutrient.
It furnishes two useful substances to plants,—iron (Fe) and _sul-
phuric acid (SO3). It cannot replace potassium, phosphorous,
nitrogen, but used with these substances, good results are ob-
tained.
97 DUFOUR, J.—L’anthracnose ou noir de la vigne
Chron. Agr. Vaud., T. II, p. 51.
Two methods of treatment, preventative and curative. First prac-
ticed in winter, second in springt’me.
As a preventative use 25-30 per cent solution S. of I., or 5 Kgo.
Sulphate of Copper, 5 Kgo. S. of I. and go Kgo. water.
98 DUFOUR, J.—Traitement de la chlorose.
Chron. Agr. et Vit. T. XVI, p. 447.
Used two solutions, viz., 100 grams to I litre for underdeveloped
vines, 200 grams per litre for well developed.
99 DUHAMEL.—Traité des Arbres (1765).
100 DUSSERE, M. C.—Vertilgung des Unkrautes in Getrei-
IOI
102
103
1o4
deackern.
Jour. d’Agr. Suisse, No. 23, June 5, (1900).
The use of a 15 per cent solution of S. of I. in form of a spray
did not give good results.
EDLER, ( ).—Zur Vernichtung des Wilden Senfs und
des Hederichs.
Deut. Landw. Presse (1899), S. 267, 659.
Jahres. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42, S. 352.
Solutions S. of I, 5-10 per cent strength, are useless. A 20 per
cent solution is less efficacious than 2 per cent solution Sulphate
of Copper.
EHLERT, W.—Versuche zur Vernichtung von Hederich
mit Eisenvitriolosung und Elsenvitriolpulver.
Korrespondenzbl. der Landw. Kammer fiir die Provinz Ostpreus-
sen, (1900).
ENGLER (_ ).—(Destruction of Pathogenic Organisms
in Human Excrement.)
In Lardenburg’s Handworterburch der Chemie, Bd, III, S. 183.
S. of I. does not destroy putrefactive germs.
FAIRCHILD, D. G—lIndex to North American Myco-
logical Literature.
Jour. Mycol, Vols. 6, 7 and 8.
to5 FLEISCHER, M.—Die Natiirlichen Feinde der Rimpau-
schen Moordammkultur.
Landw. Jahrb., (1886), S. 47.
The bad effects of pyrites which oxidizes to Sulphate of Iron.
106 FRANCK, (__).—Hederichvertilgungsversuche im Frith-
jahr, (1903).
Landw. Wchnschr. Sachsen 8, (1904), S. 62.
Exper:ments made with ‘“Unkrauttod” (Sulphate of Iron). Ap-
plied in the early morning when dew is on the leaves. For uni-
form distribution the powder is not behind the solution. Applied
by hand 50 pfd. per morgen. is used; by machine, 25 pfd. per
morgen.
107 FRANK, (_ ).—Beitrage zur Bekampfung des Unkrautes
durch Metallsalze.
Arb. aus. d. Biol. Abt. d. Kais. Gesundamt. Bd. I, (1900), S. 127.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. Bd. XII, (1902), S. 188.
The destructive action of S. of I. and Sulphate of Copper on cer-
tain weeds is practically equal, hence the only question is that of
cost.
The S. of I. is effective when used as a 15 per cent solution; the
Sulphate of Copper at highest 5 per cent solution.
108 FREAR, WM.—Copperas or vitrol as a Weed Killer.
Press Bull. Penn. Exp. Station.
1o9 FUNFSTUCK, W.—Die Hederich-Bekampfung durch
Bespritzen mit Salzl6sungen resp. durch Jate-
maschinen.
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. XXIX, S. 233.
Answer to Hillman.
110 FUNFSTUCK, W.—Auf Welche Weise sind Hederich
und Ackersenf in don Sommerkorn Saaten (Ha-
fer, Gerste, Weisen) nach dem jetzigen Stande
der Erfahrung in der Praxis rationell zu Ver-
tilgungen?
Dent: Landy. Peesse, Ba, XIN, (ino), S, 268.
Recommends 20 per cent solution in quantities 200 1. per morgen
at most.
III
[12
{13
114
115
116
GAGNIERE, F.—La chlorose dans Jes vignes de la cote
dAzur.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. II, p. 728.
GALLOWAY, B. T.—Experiments in Treatment of Rusts
Affecting Wheat and other Cereals.
Jour. Mycol. Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 195.
E. S. R, 4, 954.
Used 100-200 gr. S. of Iron in a 20-ft. row of Winter Wheat.
Sprayed ground with solution (1.073 oz. to 2 gal.). Results very
meagre.
Soaked seed for fifteen minutes in water at 13214°F. and applied
2 oz. of S. of I. to the 20-ft. row experimented upon.
Soaked seed 24 hrs. in 1:10 solution of S. of I. and sprayed so.i
before planting. Sprayed plants every ten days with a solution 4
oz. to the gallon.
Soaking the seed was valueless.
GALLOWAY, B. T.—Treatment of Black-Rot, Brown-
Rot, Downey Mildew, Powdery Mildew, and
Anthracnose of the Grape; Pear Scab and Leaf
Blight and Apple Powdery Mildew.
Jour. Mycol., Vol. VI, p. 11.
GALLOWAY, B. T.—A New Pear Disease.
Jour. Mycol. Vol. VI, (1891), p. 157.
GALLOWAY, B. T.—A New Pear Disease.
Jour. Mycol., Vol. VI, (1861), p. 113.
Thelephora pedicellata Schw. Recommends cutting out diseased
wood, washing the cut with solution of S. of I., and coating
wound with wax. Treatment successful.
GALLOWAY, B. T.—Spraying for Fungous Diseases.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers’ Bul. No. 38, p. 11.
A wash made of,
IG i-30) Er Levaycc chaehia Bytaliee eacionsnesco oes HiSarneenE AMOS 6 Kgo
Sulphuric: Acid aiccconcrersceseeapaaus 250 ccm
Wheater’ cmsnrcsamutcaneacetmomaunccnn ene icn 100 |
Vines are washed during rest, and in no case should this prepara-
tion be used after growth starts.
117, GARMAN, H.—Injurious Insects and Fungi.
118
110.
120
121
122
2nd Ann. Rpt. Ky. St., p. 38 and qr.
E. S. R. III, 859.
Spraying experiments with 2%4-5 per cent solutions of S. of I.
The weaker solution was the least effective. Surfaces sprayed
were not wholly moistened. The method was not fairly tested.
Sprayed for Brown-Rot of Plums, Peaches, Apples and Cherries.
5 per cent solut.on damaged leaves in every trial; 244 per cent
damaged leaves but slightly in two out of four experiments.
It is possible that the treatment can be useful in some cases, but
in not stronger than 2 per cent solutions.
GARMAN, H.—The Brown Rot Fungus of Plums,
Peaches, Apples and Cherries.
Ky. Agr. Ex. Sta. (1889), pp. 38 and 41. (Second Annual.)
Monilia fructigena, Pers. Spraying experiments with 2% and 5
per cent solutions S. of I. The 5 per cent solution less effective
than 2%' per cent, and this due probably to the repellant powdery
coating. The 5 per cent solution damaged the leaves badly; the
2% per cent injured them slightly. It is possible that S. of I.
may be useful in some cases, but in not stronger than 2%4' per cent
solutions. Much of surfaces sprayed not moistened. Method not
fairly tested.
GAROLA, C. V.—(Pyretic Cinders.)
Engrais (1903).
GASTINE, G.—Résultats du traitement de la chlorose
dans le vignoble de M. F. Caire, 4 Roquefavour.
Prog. Agr. et Vit., 26, (1806), No. 37, p. 307.
E. S. R. VIII, 63.
Used 40 per cent solution S. of I. with success.
GAUTIER. A., & DROUIN, R.—Recherches sur la
fixation de l’azote par le sol at les végétaux.
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), (1888), 106, pp. 754-57; 863-
66; 944-47; 1098-1101; 1174-76; 1605-07.
GERLACH, M.—Lasst sich durch Eisenvitriol Hederich
Vertilgung ?
Jahresber. Vers. Stat. Posen, (1899-1900).
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 43, S. 353.
Once spraying with 15-20 per cent solution of little use.
123
124
125
126
GERLACH, M. & VOGEL.—Versuche mit dem Stall-
diinger- Konservierungsmittel. Patent Dr. Rip-
pert.
Fuhling’s Landw. Ztg., Bd. 52 (1903), S. 409.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 33, S. 80.
Reported valueless. Contained small quantity S. of I.
GHIRADI, A.—L’anthracnosi e il solfato di ferro,
Italia agr. xxviii, (1891).
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. (1891), S. 302.
Claims 2 per cent burnt and recommends 0.5 per cent as all that
is required.
GIGLIOLI, L.—Fermenti e Microbi, (1887), p. 511.
GILTAY, E.—( Experiments with Copper Lime and Iron
Lime solutions used against Potato Diseases.)
Niederlandsch. Landbouw. Weekblad. (1892), No. 22.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., (1892), S. 851.
Used for combatting potato disease and without success. Used a
mixture of 1 Kgo. S. of I., % Kgo. Lime, 100 1. water. Yield on
sprayed field 8,500 Kgo., on unsprayed field 8,900 Kgo.
127. GIRAUD, M.—(Treatment of Chlorosis in Summer.)
Rev. Vit., T. VI, (1896), No. 136.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 26, S. 202.
Stalks cut and wound bathed with 4o per cent solution S. of I.
128 GIRONDE. ASSOC. VITICOLE DE LIBOURNE.—
(Phylloxera).
Le Phylloxera, An. III, (1879), p. 65.
A fertilizer to be used in connection with an insecticide:
Dried BlOOd) asic os nd cdaisoueded bo sie se eK 100 Kgo
Superphosphate Lime ................. 250 “
Sulphate Potash .......... 1 sihsegecietoioes 250 “*
Sulphate of Iron..5...5s2ncesseeceeees so “
Used 650 Kgo. per hectare.
130 GOETHE, R.—Untersuchugen von mit Eisenvitriol ge-
diingten Reben.
Ber. K. Lehranst. Wein, Obst u. Gartenbau Geisenheim, (1891-
92), S. 48.
Zetschr. Pflanzenkrank., Bd. III, S. 179.
The practice of using 2 Kgo. S. of I. per vine showed to disad-
vantage in case of hot house experiments. The injurious action
first became evident the second year, and this after the vines had
been watered with warm water in Feb. and Mar. The leaves
rolled up and the whole plant stopped growing. In the summer
the vines recovered their normal condition and growth. (This
was to be expected).
131 GOETHE, R.—Eisenvitriol als Heilmittel der Gelbsucht
der Obstbaume.
Ber. K. Lehranst. Wein, Obst u. Gartenbau Geisenheim, (1889-
go), S. 30.
Successfully used. Small trees received 1 Kgo., large trees 2
kgs. Either there are trees requiring more iron or there are trees
more inclined to Chlorosis. Treated trees were less attacked by
the leaf Aphis & Schizoneura.
132, GOETHE, (_ ).—(Chlorosis of Grape Vines.)
Pomal. Monatsch. (1891), Heft. II.
Centbl. Agr. Chem. (1891), S. 30.
For small trees used 1 Kgo. (2 lbs., 3 oz.), for large trees 2 Kgs.
(4 lbs. 6 oz.) S. of I. to a tree. Applied by strewing in a trench
8 in. wide and 10 in. deep, circling around the stem of the tree
at distance of 20 to 40 inches away from the stem. Sprinkled the
salt with water and covered with soil.
133 GRAFTIAU, J.—Le chimie et la lutte contre les mau-
vaises herbes armes nouvelles a la disposition
des cultivateurs.
Ingén. Agr. Gembloux, An. 10, (1900), p. 413.
134 GRANDEAU, L.—Destruction de la cardamine des prés
par le sulfate de cuivre. Neécessité de substituer
le sulfate de fer au sel de cuivre.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I, (1900), p. 742.
Used a 15 per cent solution S. of I. for the destruction of Carda-
mine pratensis (Cuckoo-Flower).
135
139
140
141
142
GRANDEAU, L.—La fumure des vignes.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1897), T. II, p. 854.
Experiments made on old vineyards.
Surface soil a calcareous loam containing lumps of carbonate;
subsoil calcium carbonate.
Used the following mixture:
Thomasslag............0. ccc eee ee 2...50 Kgo
Chloride Potash .............c.ces eee Ss eo
Sulphate of Iron....... acini emia s 150 “
Result successful.
GRANDEAU, H. M.—Etudes agronomique, I ' Serie,
p. 127,
GRANDEAU, L.—Remarques sur les expériences de M.
Pagelot.
Jour. Agr. Prat., T. II, (1895), p. 337.
GRANDEAU, L.—Expériences nouvelles sur la destruc-
tion des Sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1900), T. I, p. 525.
E. S. R. 12, p. 351.
Used 12% per cent solution S. of I., 200 litres to acre, applied for
the destruction of the weed in Wheat fields. Destroyed Char-
lock, Mustard, Wallflower, Ground Ivy. Did not injure cereals,
clover, colza and lupines.
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—On the application of Iron Sulphate
in Agriculture, and its Value as a Plant Food.
Jour. Chem. Soc., (London), Vol. 47, (1885), p. 46.
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—Chemico-Microscopical Researches
on the Cell Contents of Certain Plants.
Jour. Chem. Soc. (London), Vol. 43, (1883), p. 195.
GRIFFITHS, A. B—Experimental Investigations on the
Value of Iron Sulphate as a Manure for Cer-
tain Crops.
Jour. Chem. Soc., (London), Vol. 45, (1884), p. 71.
GRIFFITHS, A. B—On Some Physiological Experiments
with Iron Sulphate on Plants.
Chem. News, Vol. L, (1884), p. 193.
When plants have absorbed iron to the extent of yielding an ash
containing 10 per cent Fe2 03 they died.
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—On the use of Ferrous Sulphate in
Agriculture.
Jour. Chem. Soc., (London), Vol. 49, (1886), p. 114.
GRIFFITHS, A. N.—Agricultural Experiments with Iron
Sulphate during 1886.
Jour. Chem. Soc., (London), Vol. XVI, (1887), p. 215.
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—Researches on the Growth of Plants
under Special Conditions.
Chem. News, Vol. XLVII, (1883), p. 27.
Experiment on Cabbages.
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—Iron Sulphate as a Manure.
Chem. News Vol. 51, (1885), p. 60.
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—Notes on the Use of Iron Sulphate
in Agriculture.
Chem. News, Vol. LVI, (1887) p. 84.
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—Farmyard Manure—A Medium for
the Development of Parasitic Diseases.
Chem. News. XLIX (1884), p. 279.
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—Researches on the Vitality of the
Spores of Parasitic Fungi, and the Antiseptic
Properties of Ferrous Sulphate.
Chem. News, Vol. LIII, (1886), p. 255.
o.1 gr. S. of I. in 100 gr. of water destroyed Peronospora infes-
tans.
0.1 gr. S. of I. in 100 gr. water destroyed Wheat Mildew.
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—On the Destruction of Parasitic
Fungi by Using Iron Sulphate.
Chem. News, Vol LV, (1887), p. 277.
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—Iron in Chlorophyll.
Chem. News, Vol. L, (1884), p. 32.
GRIFFITHS, A. B.—Special Manures for Garden Crops.
153 GRIFFITHS, A. B—A Memoir detailing some Minor
Researches on the Action of Ferrous Sulphate
on Plant Life.
Chem. News. Vol. L, (1884), p. 167.
A. re per cent solution prevented the germination of Mus-
tard.
B. 0.15 per cent solution grew large and healthy plants.
C. 0.10 per cent solution plants grew well but not as well as in
“BR”
D. 0.05 solution plants grew well but not as well as in “B.”
153a GRIFFITHS, A. B.—Ona Fungus Disease in the Roots
of Cucumis sativa.
Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. Vol. XV., (1888), pp. 403-410.
Nodular growths on the roots of the cucumber due to the fun-
gus Ustilago cucumis. The spores and hyphae of this fungus
are destroyed by Sulphate of Iron.
Cucumber seed soaked in a one-tenth per cent solution of Sofl
and the soil watered with the same strength solution before the
seed was planted, fungus did not develop.
When the disease had taken fairly hold of the plants treatment
with SofI completely destroyed the fungus and this without in-
jury to the cucumber plants.
153b GRIFFITHS, A. B.—The Diseases of Crops and their
Remedies. G. Bell & Sons, London.
154 GRIS, E—D’laction d. compos. ferrug. s. 1. vegetation,
1843 u 1844.
155 GRIS, A.—Recherches miscroscopiques sur la chlorophylle.
Annal. d. Scienc. naturell., (1857), IV. Ser., T. 7, p. 201.
Completing the work of his father.
156 GUILLAMONT, A.—Essai de lutte contre le phylloxera.
Jour. Agr. (Paris), T. I, (1883), p. 73.
Centbl. Agr. Chem. (1883), S. 272.
Used for many years with good results
a “fertilizer insecticide” composed of:
157
159
160
161
162
GUILLON, J. M.—Experiments in the Treatment of
Chlorosis.
Prog. Agr. et Vit. 12 (1895), No. 42, p. 408.
E.S.R. 7, 411.
S. of I. applied immediately after pruning gave best results. Rec-
ommends 40-50 per cent solution.
GUILLON, J. M.—Experiments in the Treatment of
Chlorosis.
Prog. Agr. et Vit. 12, (1895), No. 25, p. 653.
E. S. R. 7, 225.
S. of I. gave good results.
GUILLON, J. M.—Influence des badigeonnages sur
Yepoque du débourrement de la vigne.
Rev. Vit. T. V., p. 511.
GUILLON, J. M.—Les badigeonnages au sulfate de fer
et les systémes de taille.
Rev. Vit. T. V., p. 149.
GUILLON, J. M.—Resultats obtenus 4 l’aide du traite-
ment Rassiguier.
Rev. Vit., (1896), p. 458.
Recommends 20-25 per cent solution for young vines; 30 per cent
solution for old vines. Thinks 50 per cent solution has harmed
vines and brought discredit on treatment.
GUILLON, J. M.—Experiences sur le traitement de la
chlorose.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I, (1806), p. 883.
Successfully used S. of I. and citrate of iron. The latter not as
good as the sulphate.
GUILLON, J. M.—Expériences sur le traitement de la
chlorose.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1895), T. I, p. 928.
Commission named by Soc. centr. d’agri., Herault.
Experimented with S. of I. and citrate of iron, both treatments
being successful, but price of citrate is prohibitive. Effect of Ss.
of I. less marked when applied in the springtime.
164 GUIRAND, (_ ).—(Treatment of Chlorosis).
Rev. Vit. (1894), No. 25.
Sprinkled 10 1. of § per cent solution on stems.
Treatment requires more time, but is better than spraying leaves.
/
165 GUOCDENOVIC, FR.—Bekampfung von Pflanzenkrank-
heiten und Schadlingen.
Ztschr. Landw. Versuchsw. Oestrr. (1901).
In treatment of Peronospora and Oidium by spraying, the addi-
tion of S. of I. to the copper spray produced no added benefit.
Tt
166 GUOCDENOVIC, FR.—(Treatment of Anthracnose.)
Bericht tber die Thatigkeit der K. Landw. chemischen Versuch-
station in Spalato im Jahre rgot.
Ztschr. Landw. Versuchsw. Oestrr. (1902), S. 20.
In Island of Brazza, vines attacked with anthracnose treated with
concer.trated Sulphate of Iron solutions partiy or wholly perished.
This due to the practice of cutting back and sprinkling too
strongly.
*
167 GUTZEIT, E—Bekampfung des Hederichs un der an-
dern Unkrauter durch Eisenvitriolldsung und
Hederichtod.
Korrespondensbl. d. Landw. Kammer d. Provinz Ostpreussen.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. Bd. 12, S. 317.
168 GUTZEIT, E.—Feldversuche zur Bekampfung von Pflan-
zenkrankheiten und Unkrautern.
Correspondenzbl. d. Landw. Kammer d. Prov. Ostpreussen.
Ztschr. Pflanzkrank. Bd. XI, S. 153.
A I5 per cent solution S. of I. destroys charlock and other weeds.
169 GWALLIG—Zur Vertilgung von Hederich und Ackersenf
mit Eisenvitriol.
Deut. Landw. Presse. No. 42. (1898). S. 463.
7-10 per cent solutions of S. of I. will eradicate charlock. Strong-
er solutions injure barley, and in one instance barley was injured
by 7% per cent solution.
170 HABERHAUFIE, M.—Uber die Hederich vertilgung
mittels Eisenvitriol.
Ztschr. Landw. Sachsen.
Fihling’s Landw. Ztg. (18909), S. 238.
174
175
HALL, A. D.—The Soil—An Introduction to the Scien-
tific Study of the Growth of Crops.
HAGLUND E. & H. VON FEILITZEN.—Onm ograesets
utrotande genom besprutning med jeernvitriol.
pra oe Tidskor., 18 (1904), No. 6, pp. 413-420.
Preliminary experiments on moor soils showed that the spraying
method furnishes an effective means of checking if not killing
many weeds growing on such soils.
‘HALSTED, B. D.—Experiments on Cranberry Diseases.
Ann. Rpt. N. J. Sta., (1890), pp. 321-453.
E. S. R., 3, 306.
Results undecided. 3-20 lbs. S. of I. per sq. rod killed vines.
HANDTKE, .«(_ ).—(Hederichvertilgung).
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer Prov. Schlesien, (1898), S. 909.
Lupines and Serradella suffered injury.
HANSEN, J.—Anbauversuche mit verschiedenen Kulturp-
flanzen (Vertilgung des Hederich durch Ver-
spritzen).
Deut. Landw. Presse, (1903), No. 1, S. 4.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 33, S. 69.
A 15 per cent solution S. of I. gave very successful results.
HAYWARD, A. I.—Soil Test with Corn.
Md. Exp. Sta. Fourth Ann. Rpt. (1891), p. 357.
HEBERT, A. & G. TRUFFANT.—Sur l’emploi des en-
grais en horticulture.
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), T. 126, (1808), p. 1831.
HEIDEN, E.—(Danger of Ferrous Oxide to Plant Life).
Lehrbuch der Diingerlehre, Bd. I, S. 562.
A soil contained 0.97 per cent ferrous oxide. The roots and
leaves of beets grown on the soil contained .003 per cent. Beets
did poorly, the average weight per beet being 15 gr. and the fol-
iage 12 gr.
The soil behaved in the same manner toward Rape, Wheat and
Clover.
Kraut and Kohlrabi not affected.
Neither the Beets nor the other plants contained an unusual
amount of iron oxide.
179
180
181
182
184
185
186
HEIMERL, ANTON.—Zur Beseitigung der Chlorose.
Wiener Illus. Gart. Ztg., 16 Jahrg., (1891), S. 331-335.
Quotes Sachs’ experiments.
HENRICH, ( ).—Neue Mittel zur Vertilgung von Hed-
erich und Ackersenf.
Deut. Landw. Presse, (1900), S. 666.
Use of fertilizers to be preferred to S. of I. e. g. Chilisaltpeter,
ammonium sulphate, chloride potash (40 per cent).
HILLMANN, P.—Die Bekampfung des Hederichs durch
Bespritzung mit Salzlosungen.
Mitt. Deut. Landw. Gesell., 18, (1903), S. 80.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 46, S. 249.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 32, S. 463.
A I§ per cent solution of S. of I. applied at the rate of 400-500 |.
per hectare gave the best results. If dew is on the leaves the
spraying will do no good. Clover is as little injured as cereals.
HILLMANN, P.—Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage betr. die
Unkrautvertilgung.
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. XXIX. S. 416.
Use of molasses with S. of I. for plants with smooth leaves. A
preliminary experiment with thistles apparently successful.
HILLMAN, P.—Die Ergebnisse de Umfrage Vetreffend
die Unkrautvertilgung.
Jahrb. Deut. Landw. Gesell., (1902), S. 184.
HILLMANN, P.—Die Hederichbekampfung durch Be-
spritzen mit Saltzlosungen.
Deut. Landw, Presse, Bd. XIX, S. 214.
HILLMAN, P.—Die Bekampfung des Hederich durch
Bespritzen mit Salzlosungen.
Mitt. Deut. Landw. Gesell. (1903), No. 16, S. 80, 84.
HILLMANN, P.—Die Bekaéampfung des Hederichs durch
Bespritzen mit Salzlosungen.
Mitt. Deut. Landw. Gesell., (1902), S. 24.
Thistles injured but some recovered. Very few Clover plants
killed, i. e., Trifolium species. With Medicago species (Luzerne
and Yellow Clover) more killed. Lupines blackened but, not per-
manently injured.
188
189
190
IgI
192
193
194
HITIER, H.—Nouveau procédé de destruction de la mou-
tarde sauvage.
Jour. Agr. T. I, (1897), p. 7os.
HITIER, H.—Destruction des Sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I, (1809), pp. 98-160.
Duclos recommends two applications of a 15 per cent solution, or
one application of a 20 per cent solution.
HITIER, H.—Destruction des sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat., n. ser. 5 (1903), p. 658.
E. S. R. 15, p. 266.
Should be sprayed when the young plants have developed two or
three leaves only, for then the plants are easily killed with the
use of a minimum amount of solution and with the least harm to
the field by the horse and the spraying machine wheels.
HOFFMAN, H.—Culturversuche.
Bot. Ztg., (1875), S. 622.
HOFFMAN, M.—Vertilgungversuche von Ackerunkrau-
tern.
Thiringer Landw. Ztg., (1903), No. 6.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 33, S. 69.
S. of I. solutions worked the surest of all salts tried. Rape suf-
fered by spraying.
HOLLRUNG, M.—Handbuch der chemischen Mittel ge-
gen Pflanzenkrankheiten. (1898).
HORNSBY, J.—Laxton Park Experiments on Charlock
Spraying, 1899.
Agr. Gaz. (London), Vol. 50 (1899), p. 232.
E. S. R. 11, p. 461.
On Barley fields 7% to 10 per cent solutions S. of I. applied at
the rate of 32-40 galls. per acre were not effective.
HOUDAILLE, F. & L. SEMICHON.—Etude de J’état
physique, du calcaire considéré comme cause dé-
terminante de la chlorosis.
Rey. Vit. T. I. pp. 405, 455, 509.
195
197
198
199
200
HUBBARD, E. S.—Fertilizers and Irrigation.
Fla. Sta. Hort. Soc. (1903), p. 74.
Iron, as Sulphate of Iron, has a tonic effect on some crops mak-
ing the foliage look green. It may be noticed on hardpan land
when Sulphate fertilizers are used.
The Irish potato will keep green longer on such spots than other
parts of the field but will yield poorly, evidently from lack of
available Phosphoric Acid, though complete fertilizers are used.”
HUNTER, J. J—(Growing Roses.)
In Griffith’s “A Treatise on Manures,” p. 200.
Lincolnshires Chronicle, Nov. 16, 1886.
Obtained good results with S. of I. on rose bushes,
JENSCH, ED.—Uber die Allmahliche anreicherung des
Bodens an Eisen bei Anwendung Kiinstlicher
Diingemittel.
Chem. Ztg. XI, (1887), S. 136.
In 600 years soil fertilized with Thomasslag meal will contain
I per cent iron!
JOST, L—<(iron a nutrient or stimulent?)
Vorlesungen tiber Pflanzenphysiologie, (1904), S. 104-108.
In general it is not difficult to differentiate between a nutrient
and a stimulant. In the case of iron the greatest difficulty is
encountered for iron behaves both as a stimulant and nutrient.
JOSTING, ( ).—Die Vertilgung des Hederichs durch
Bespritzen mit Eisenvitriollésung.
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr. (1900), S. 174.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 43, S. 352.
A 15 per cent solution S. of I. proved sufficient, though 20 per
cent solution did no harm to Oats.
The younger the Charlock, the easier it is destroyed.
JOULIE & DESBORDES.—Les Engrais en Horticul-
ture.
Two formulas recommended for trees and shrubs in general, at
the time of planting and during the following years:
Qr. Lbs.
In autumn—Superphosphate Lime.......3 26.23
Potassium Chloride ........1 16.09
Sulphate Ammonium ......3 4.18
In spring—Superphosphate Lime ...... 3 26.33
Potassium Nitrate ......... I 22.00
Sodium Nitrate ........... 2 4.62
g-11 lbs. Sulphate Iron used as soil was calcareous.
4-6 Ibs. for Jarge trees applied in 1.3 cu. yds. soil.
12 oz. per sq. yd. for planted trees. Surface covered by leaves.
9 oz. per sq. yd. on groups of shrubs. Sown on surface.
201
202
203
204
JOURNEE, C. (Destruction of Charlock by Spraying
with Solutions of Iron and Copper Sulphate. )
Agronome, 1899, p. 435.
E. S. R. 12, p. 351.
KEISER, (__).—Zur Frage des richtigen Zeitpunktes zur
Hederich—Vertilgung.
Nass. Landw. Zetschr. (1899), S. 252.
Charlock need not be sprayed with S. of I. solution at too early
stage for the weed is injured even when in bloom.
KELLNER, O.—Untersuchungen itiber die Wirkungen
des Eisenoxyduls auf die Vegetation.
Land. Vers. Stat. (1886), S. 365-370.
KING, WM. R.—Mal di Goma.
Bul. No. 4, U.S. Dept. Agr., Division Pomology, (1891), p. 18-19.
Quotes from M. E. Gillett, Florida, recommending a mixture of
1 pk. Fresh Lime,
4 lbs. Sulphate of Iron,
5 lbs. Sulphur,
1 gal. Carbolic Acid (crude).
Water to slake the lime. ‘3
A reasonably effective mixture applied to fruit trees on pine
lands. While does not always cure, it has checked the disease.
205 KLEBS, G.—Ueber die Organisation der Gallerte bei eini-
gen Algen und Flagellaten.
Untersuchungen aus dem botan. Institut zu Tiibingen Bd. II.,
S. 383.
Demonstrated the iron content of Closterium species. (Didy-
motocum angustatum, striolatum).
206 KLOCKE, E.—Hederichvertilgung mit Eisenvitriol und °
die Syphoniaspritze.
Fihling’s Landw. Ztg. 1808. S. 625.
Experimented with Oats using a 25 per cent solution and 60 litres
per Morgen. The charlock was in bloom and had overgrown
the Oats. Charlock was killed and the oat plants slightly touched
but recovered and grew with unexpected vigor.
207 KNOP, W.—Uber die Ernahrung der Pflanzen durch
208
209
210
211
wassrige Lésungen bei Ausschluss des Boden.
Landw. Vers. Stat., Bd. II, S. 73.
To 1 1. water was added:
005 03 .05 gr. S. of I. and
.005 03 05 gr. Ferrous Phosphate.
The plants were killed by the solution 0.05 gr. of ferrous salt,
and this probably due to the absorption of oxygen,
Used mixture of ferric phosphate, basic ferric sulphate and
basic ferric acetate.
Ferric salts not poisonous.
KNOP, (_ ).—Kreislauf d. Stoffes (1868), S. 614.
Also Ber. d. Sachs. Gesell. d. Wissensch. zu Leipsig, Bd. 25
(1869), S. 8.
Use of potassium ferrocyanide.
KNOP, W.—Quantitative Arbeiten ttber den Ernahrungs
process der Pflanzen.
Landw. Vers. Stat., Bd. V, S. 99.
An answer to the question—‘“Is iron necessary to the nutrition
of plants?” Found that a small quantity of iron appears to be
necessary for the continuation of plant growth.
KONIG, J.—Mittheilung uber die, Veranderungen von
Kochsalz, u. Schwefelsaurem Zinklésungen bei
Rieselversuchen.
Landw. Jahrb. Bd. XII, (1883), S. 37.
KONIG, J.—Nachtrag zu vorstehenden Versuchen iiber
den schadlichen Einfluss von Kochsalz und zink-
haltigem Wasser auf Boden und Pflanzen.
Landw. Jalirb., Bd. 12 (1883), S. 837.
S. of I. on filtering into soil breaks up into basic ferric sulphate
and free sulphuric acid, which latter acts on materials in the
soil, causing them to dissolve. Action for most part is on calcium
and potassium compounds. The soil may become contaminated
by large quantities of hydrated ferric compounds, the pores stop-
ped, the supply of oxygen cut off, in which case a gradual sour-
ing of the soil may result.
212
213
214
215
216
KRAUS, C—Nochmals zur Vertilgung von Hederich
durch Bespritzen mit Eisenvitriollosung.
Deut. Landw. Presse, (1899), S. 659.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 42, S. 351.
Results doubtful.
KRUGER, F.—Aufruf zum Kampf gegen das Unkraut,
mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Eisenvi-
triolbespritzen.
Wochenbl. d. Landw. Vereins in Bayern, (1904), S. 486.
A 15 per cent solution S. of I. applied at the rate of 400-500 1. per
ha.
KUNTZE-DELITZSCH, L.—Vertilgung des Hederichs
mittels Eisenvitriollosung.
Ztschr. Ver. Deut. Zuckerindus. (1899), S. 690.
A 15 per cent solution S. of I. applied in form of a spray at the
beginning of flowering is effective; applied later, ineffective.
LAMBIN, (_ ).—Effets du Sulfate de fer en Agricul-
ture.
Bul. Soc. Hort. de Soissons, (1888).
LARBALETRIER, A. & L. MALPEAUX.—Note sur
Vaction des engrais magnésiens et du sulfate de
fer.
Ann. Agron., T. 22, (1806), p. 20-32.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., N. F., Bd. 39, S. 241.
Experiments made applying S. of I. to soil at the rate of 150 Kgo.
per hectaire. Soil was composed of—
Quartz sand. scseisis downs decigenausys 50.00
AY, sae ane ddvan eel esy amass Fava diea area ae 9.70
HUMUS cwossenes eve ve owresanmermee ie sot 5.30
NGtrOen: cisisiciers cox dese coe: saesmustnlarsiavauere-avetines 17
Phosphoric Acid (P2 O5) ..............--. 135
Potash: (KB IO)! hncgaxies cieurer aoe aaeweec 22
IMA IESIAY: a ssdee.s diece accucrtiarduaisualeis aed ccerneinine .21
The results were indefinite as a rule. The starch content ap-
peared to be reduced in potatoes, and the sugar content increased
in beets.
217 LARBALETRIER, A.—Les Engrais et la fertilizer du
sol. Paris, 1891, p. 329.
218 Ee E.—Sur la valeur fertilisante du sulfate de
er.
219
220
221
222
223
224
Cercle Etudes des Agron. (Brussels) Bul. 8. p. 360.
Destroyed Wild Mustard completely. Vigorous growth of the
useful plants sprayed noted. Yield was increased. Found that
250 kgo. S. of I. produced as great an effect on Oats as 150 kgo.
Nitrate of Soda. Ascribes the benefits to the iron alone and not
to ite Sulphuric Acid. A number of experimenters had the same
result. :
LESNE, A.—Traitement préventatifs contre l’anthracnose.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1890), T. I, p. 217.
LINOSSIER, G.—Sur une hématine végétale. L’Asper-
gilline, pigment des spores de l’Aspergillus niger.
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., (Paris), T. 112, (1891), p. 489.
LODEMAN, E. G.—The Spraying of Plants (1896).
LOEW, O.—U ber Reizimittel des Pflanzenwachstums und
deren praktische Anwendung.
Landw. Jahrb., (1903), B. 32, S. 437.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 33, S. or.
LOEW, O.—The Physiological Réle of Mineral Nutrients.
U. S. Div. Veg. Path. Bul. Vol. XVIII, (1899), (Iron p. 15).
It is to be expected that a moderate manuring with iron salts
would prove beneficial for plants grown on soil deficient in fron.
LOUET, C.—Un effet du traitement par le sulfate de
fer des vignes chlorosées.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1806), T. II, p. 232.
Remarks on Menudier’s article.
Used a wash of,
Claimed to be incontestibly a remedy of great efficiency.
225
226
227
228
229
230
LOUIS, THEODORE.—Corrective for Swine.
Farm, Stock and Home, July 15, 1804.
“Take 6 bushels of this cob charcoal, or 3 bushels of common
charcoal; 8 pounds of salt; 2 quarts of air-slacked lime; 1 bushel
of wood ashes. Break the charcoal well down with shovel or
other implement, and thoroughly mix. Then take 114 pounds of
copperas and dissolve in hot water, and with an ordinary water-
ing pot sprinkle over the whole mass and then again mix thor-
oughly. Put this mixture into the self-feeding boxes, and place
them where hogs of all ages can eat of their contents at pleasure.”
LUDECKE, (_ ).—(Hederichvertilgung).
Zetschr. Landw. Kammer Schlesien, (1898), S. 72r.
LUDECKE,(__).—Ein neue Methode zur Vertilgung des
Hederichs.
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer Schlesien, (1897), S. 745.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 40, S. 406.
A 10 per cent solution S. of I. kills Charlock and does not injure
Oats and Clover.
LUDECKE-MAINZ, (_ ).—Uber die Verwendung von
Eisenvitriol als Heilmittel der Gelbsucht der
Weinstocke.
Landw. Ver. Ztschr. f{( Hessen, (1893), 7 u. 8.
The richer the soil in lime the more S. of I. may be used with-
out injury. The products of the reaction between the lime and
S. of I. (ferric oxide, calcium sulphate and carbonic acid,)
have a beneficial effect on plant growth.
MACALLUM, (_ ).—On the Demonstration of the pres-
ence of Iron in Chromatin by Microchemical
Methods.
Proc. Roy. Soc., (London), Vol. 50, (1892), pp. 277-286.
Bot. Centbl., Bd. 55, (1893), S. 138.
MAECKER, M—( ia
Ztschr. des landw. Centralvereins f. d. Provinz Sachsen, (1874),
Nos. 2, 3, S. 70.
In work on moor soils it was shown that the presence of Su'phate
of Iron means the absence of nitric acid.
One hundred parts of dry soil contain,
Nitric acid. Soluble Iron.
0.0956 0.0
231 MAIER, (_ ).—Zur Frage der Vertilgung des Hederich
(Dills) durch Chilisaltpeterlésung.
Weknbl. Landw. Ver. Bayern, (1901), S. soz.
A Ig§ per cent solution S. of I. applied at the rate of 150 1. per
¥% ha, gave good results, even when the weed was in bloom.
232 MAIER, (_ ).—Vertilgung des Hederichs, (Dill).
Wchnbl. Landw. Ver. Bayern, (1902), S. 263.
233 MAIER, (_ ).—Beitrage zur Hederichvertilgung.
Wehnbl. Landw. Ver. Bayern, (1903), S. 101.
234 MAIZIERES, ( )—Produits chimiques et mauvaises
Herbes. Nouvel emploi du sulfate de cuivre.
Nos expériences. Nos formules.
L’Engrais, 1897, p. 540.
The author experimented with the following solutions:
A. A solution of 5 per cent sulphate of copper.
B. A solution of the following:
3 per cent sulphate of copper;
2 per cent sulphate of iron;
0.5 per cent sulphuric acid.
C. A solution of the following:
2 per cent sulphate of copper;
3 per cent sulphate of iron;
0.5 per cent sulphuric acid.
The three formulae given had practically the same action.
235 MANGIN, L—La lutte contre les maladies parasitaires,
(Naptholate de fer).
Rev. Vit. T. 5, p. 486.
236—MARGOTTET, J. C.—Résumé des recherches de Grif-
fiths sur lemploi du sulfate de fer en agricul-
ture.
Ann. Sci. Agron. 1887, T. 2, pp. 379-390.
237 MARCHAL, E—Immunisierung der Pflanzen gegen
parasitare Pilze durch Absorption pilztétender
Stoffe.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank., Bd. 13, S. 243.
A solution 5/1oooo S. of I. did not prevent the development of
Bremia Lactucae.
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
MARGUERITE-DELARCHOLONNY, P.—(Sulphate of
Iron as an Insecticide).
Jour. Agri. Prat. 15 T. II, 710-711.
ae a I per cent solution is useful in killing grape-vine in-
sects.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—Effets du
sulfate de fer sur les betteraves.
Sucr. Indig. et Colon, T. XXXI, (1888), p. 571.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.— Destruc-
tion des larves d’insectes par le sulfate de fer.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. II, (1890), p. 565.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—La_chlor-
ose et le sulfate de fer. Comparison entre le
mode d’emploi aux feuilles et aux racines.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. II, (1890), pp. 241-243.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P. — Effets
utiles du sulfate de fer en agriculture.
Jour. Agri. (Paris), May-June (1887).
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—Le _ fer
dans la vegetation.
Jour. Agri. Prat., (1888).
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—Mélange
de sulfate de fer et de phosphates minéraux.
Jour. Agri. Prat., T. I., (1889), p. 536.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—(Die Zer-
storung der Kleeseide durch Eisensulfat.)
Jour. Agr. T. I, pp. 182-187; 223-227.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—Suppres-
sion de la Maladie des Pommes.de Terre par
le sulfate de fer.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I, (1889), p. 126.
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P—La_ de-
struction des mousses par le sulfate de fer.
Jour. Agr. Prat, T. II, (1888), p. 637.
MARGUERIT E-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—Augmen-
tation des recoltes par le sulfate de fer en
1887-88,
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. II, (1888), p. gos.
A long list of experiments quoted.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—Effets du
ae de fer sur differents terrains en 1887 et
1888.
Jour. Agr. (Paris), T. II, (1888), pp. 787-790.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—La_ chlo-
rose et le sulfate de fer terrains a chlorose
sinéferruese.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I, (1890), p. 851.
Composition of soils on which Chlorosis occurred.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—Epoque de
Vemploi du Mélange de phosphate de chaux et
de sulfate de fer.
Jour. Agr. Prat., T. I, (1889), p. 633.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—Destruc-
tion economique des Sénés, Sanves, Moutardes
Sauvages, Moutardelles, Ravenelles.
Engrais (1897), p. 782.
A 15% S. of I. solution applied at the rate of 800—1000 1. per
Hectare.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—La_ chlo-
rose et le sulfate de fer. Son emploi sur les
feuilles.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1890), T. II, p. 115.
Makes the following references:
Narbonne, P.—Bul. agr. du Midi (5 Mai 1889).
Rouget, P.—Le Petit Paysan.
Canvet, S.—Bul. agr. du Midi.
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—Le sulfate
de fer et les maladies de la vigne. Anthrac-
nose, pourridié, broussoins, etc.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1890), T. II, p. 384.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHOLONNY, _ P.—(Destruc-
fa) des mauvaises herbes par le sulfate de
er).
ee Agr. Brabant et Hainaut (1897), No. 49. E. S. R. 9,
p. 2
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—La_ chlo-
rose et le sulfate de fer. Son Emploi aux
racines.
Jour. Agr. Prat., T. I, (1889), p. 804.
Quotes M. Chauserroye as to improving the quality of grapes.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, — P.—Destruc-
tion des Mouses dans les Prairies.
Jour. Agri. (Paris), Sept., (1887).
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.—Les effets
du sulfate de fer comme engrais dans les vig-
nes en 1888-1889.
Jour. Agr. Prat., 119, (1889), T. I. p. 743.
MARGUERITE-DELARCHARLONNY, P.— LaChlo-
rosé et le sulphate de fer. Causes de la Chlo-
rose.
Jour. Agr. Prat., 119, (1889), T. I. p. 743.
MARIE, E.—Destruction des sanves par le sulfate de fer.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1899), T. I, p. 344.
A review of German work.
MARRE, E.—Essais de destruction de la sanve ou mou-
tarde sauvage et de la Ravenelle.
Semaine Agr. (Paris), (1901), p. 358.
E. S. R. 13, 658.
262
263
264
265
266
267
MARTIN, P.—Destruction des Sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1897), T. I, p. 861.
A 10% solution of S. of I. applied at the rate of 12-15 Hkt. per
Hectare used to destroy wild mustard in wheat fields. Corro-
borated the observations of Bonnet, Brandin and Bernard. Pre-
fers S. of I. to Sulphate of Copper. Wheat, clover and Black
Medic suffered slightly from the treatment, but recovered in a
few days.
MASSEF, G.—A Text Book of Plant Diseases Caused
by Cryptogamic Parasites.
Used a mixture of,
Water rau acadtndaiatniahenn ods euhstahading 50 gals.
Sulphuric Acid) wiscciaeesscexs sa vowwnws I pt.
Sulphate of Iron.............. 0.0. e eee 25 lbs.
“This preparation may be used with great advantage in those
cases where a disease has previously existed, as it destroys rest-
ing spores that may be concealed in crevices of bark, brickwork,
or on the ground under fruit trees. In spraying fruit trees, vines,
etc., the trunk and branches should be thoroughly drenched; but
it is all important to remember that the spraying should be done
during the winter, or at all events, some time before the leaf
buds begin to swell, otherwise the foliage would be completely
destroyed. This preparation should not under any circumstances
be applied to leaves or fruit.” pp. 37-38.
MAYER, A.—Einfluss von Eisenvitriol in Boden auf
den Ertrag der verschiedenen Getreidearten.
Jour. Landw., XL, (1892), S. 19-22.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 22, (1895), S. 158.
MAYNARD, S. T.—Experiments with Fungicides and
Insecticides with Orchard Fruits and Grapes.
Hatch. Exp. St. Bull. 17 (1892), p. 37.
E. S. R. 3, 864.
McALPINE, D.—On the Australian Fairy-Ring Puff
Ball.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, (1900), pp. 702-7.
Lycoperdon furfuraceum Schaff. A 5% solution of S. of I. used
when the soil was dry, killed the mycelium.
McALPINE, D.—Report on Peach and Plum Tree Rust.
Dept. Agr. Victoria, Bul., (Melbourne), (1891), p. 138.
For the treatment of Puccinia pruni suggests as a remedy 1 Ib.
S. of I. to 8 gals. water.
268 McALPINE, D.—Report on Rust in Wheat Experiments,
1892-93.
Dept. Agr. Victoria Bul. (1894-95).
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank., (1896), S. 48.
S. of I. applied as a top dressing to the infected field. Results
doubtful.
269 McCARTHY, G.—Plant Diseases and How to Combat
Them.
No. Car. Agr. Ex. Sta. Bul. No. 76 (1891), pp. 20.
S. of I. is of special value against Anthracnose of the grape and
raspberry. A simple solution may be made of,
Slot lise cnskantge sa owaeivawiara wae cae oe 5 lbs
Water agcanss coyevigs andeaeieanestseds 22 gals
Or a solution may be made of,
Se OP ah Serial cai eau aeh pede ht Ae et ret Eat ME ed 5 lbs.
Paris: Green: és cscs eveoswan ey ceee as easy 2 OZ.
Width —sicoicd cs hee eews wwe ie cag oeeee 22 gals.
270 McCONNELL, P.—The Elements of Agricultural Geol-
ogy: a Scientific Aid to Practical Farming,
1902.
Tron Pyrites: “It is directly poisonous to plants, and even the
sulphate or green vitrol, which results from its oxidation, is also
injurious if present in large quantity. Even as little as 0.5%
of this sulphate in the soil renders it almost barren, and on land
containing more than 1%, nothing whatever will grow.”
271 MEEHAN, T.—Sulphate of Iron.
Meehans’ Mo., Vol. I, (1891), p. 74.
Use of S. of I. as a fungicide.
272, MENUDIER, A.—Traitement du Dr. Rassiguier contre
la chlorose des vignes.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1896), T. II, p. 157.
Thinks Dr. Rassiguier’s treatment a complete success. In the
spring, before growth had started, vines washed with a solution
of 35 kgo. S. of I, 70 kgo. water.
273 MILLARDET, (_ ).—Notes sur les vignes américaines.
De V’adaptation au climat au sol.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1881), T. I, p. 531.
Studied the influence of silica and iron in the soils on Chlorosis
of the vine.
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
MOHR, C.—The Cause of Chlorosis in green leaves.
Gartenwelt, 2, (1898), No. 48, S. 569.
E. S. R. 10, 764.
Recommends S. of I. and Lime.
MOHR, (__).—(Sulphate of Iron as an Insecticide.)
Insektgifte, S. 41.
Schizoneura langigera: The larve was killed, but the eggs un-
harmed, by a solution of,
Sulphate of Irom. wee canoes ace sconces 10 gr.
Hiisell: (Oil! 2 scsce.cekeneee ks say beaew een 50 “
Madé@ Up tos svess ssaonmwasaxesteuses 1000 ccm
MOKRZECKI, S. A—Uber eine neue Methode Baume
zu nahren und zu heilen.
Travaux de la Soc. Imper. des Naturalistes de St. Petersburg,
No. 1, January, 1903.
MOKRZECKI, S. A—Uber die innere Therapie der
Pflanzen.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank., Bd. 13, S. 257.
Treatment of the Apple, Pear, Sweet Cherry and Grape.
MOLISCH, H.—Uber einige Beziehungen zwischen anor-
ganischen Stickstoffsalzen und der Pflanze.
Sitzungsber. d. kais. Wiener Akad. 1 Abth. (1887) S. 19.
MOLISCH, H.—Die Pflanze in ihren Beziehungen zum
Eisen (1892).
Also Sitzungsb. d. Wiener. Akad. 1894, Bd. 103. Abth. I, S. 556.
MORRIS, O. M.—Destroying Insects and Fungus Dis-
eases.
Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. No. 64, p. 12.
For the treatment of Anthracnose of the grape, apply a wash
made of the following:
Sulphate of Trottyca0 cscaunsaiwrmsinenn ies 70 Ibs.
Sulphuric Acid ......... cece eee eee ees I pt.
Watél cc. .aumenem es ene5 a5 4 ciplainadieienne 16 gals.
Wash the vines in the springtime before growth starts.
281
287
283
284
285
286
MULLER, C.—Kritische Untersuchungen tiber den Nach-
wels maskirten Eisens in der Pflanze und den
angeblichen Eisengehalt des Kaliumhydroxyds.
Ber. Deut. Bot. Gesell. (1 , Bd. 11, S. 252.
Thinks Molisch’s views ey °
MULLER, H.—Uber Krankheiten der Reben und deren
Bekampfung.
Der Weinbau 8 Jahrg., (1882), S. 176-177.
Centbl. Agr. Chem,, Bd. 12, S. 630.
For Peronospora use wash of S. of I. one part, water two parts.
MUNRO, J. M. H.—Potassium Chloride as a Plant
Poison. Essential Elements of Plants.
Chem. News, Vol. LIII, (1886), p. 2.
Ferrous superphosphate, in effect a mixture of calcium sulphate,
monocalcic phosphate and ferrous sulphate (12%), far from poi-
soning the plants, proved to be a good manure, and gave one of
the best crops. (Potatoes.)
NAGELI, C—Die Ernahrung der niederen Pilze durch
Mineralstoffe.
Sitzber. K. Bayer. Akd. Wiss. Math. Phys. Kl. Bd. X, (1880),
S. 340.
Claims iron to be unnecessary element, but publishes nothing to
substantiate claim.
NARBONNE, P.—La chlorose de la vigne préservation
et traitement.
Notice of this brochure in Jour. Agr. Prat., (1888), T. II, p. 188.
Used 50 kgo. S. of I. to 100 1. water.
NESSLER, J.—Einfluss der Starke verschiedener Lésun-
gen auf dass Keimen der Samen und das Wach-
sen der jungen Pflanzen und iiber die Starke
der Lésung, welche bei gegebener Diingung, im
feuchten Boden und bei Regen ensteht.
Weshsshh landw. Ver. Grossherzogthum Baden (1877), No. 6,
. 41-43.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. II, (1877), S. 125.
Pot experiments with plants shielded from rain but not from
sunlight showed injurious action of S. of I. when the soil con-
tained 0.25 gr. to 1700 litres soil.
Plants in a darkened room in moist soil containing 2 gr. S. of
I. to 1700 1, soil, were not injured; on the contrary, the growth
was benefitted. It was observed that the more S. of I. the soil
contained, the better the plant growth. Plants 2-5 ctm. high were
killed by the application of a 1.5-2.0% solution of S. of I. A
05% solution of S. of I. was found harmful to germination.
287
288
289
290
292
293
NESSLER, J—Einfluss des Eisenvitrols und der Karbol-
saure, welche dem Diinger Zugesetz werden,
auf das Keimen der Samen und Wachsen der
Pflanzen.
Wochenbl. des landwirths. Vereins im Grossherzogthum Baden
(1876), No. 6, S. 42, 44; No. 7, S. 50-52.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. XI, (1877), S. 188.
OEHMICHEN, ( ).—(Hederichvertilgung).
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer, Schlesien, (1898), S. 177.
OEHMICHEN, (__).—Unkrautvertilgungsversuche mit-
tels verschiedener Metallsalzlosungen.
Ztschr. d. Landw. Kammer, Schlesien, (1901), No. 25.
Recommends 24%4% S. of I. with 20% Fertilizer Salt.
ONO, O.—The Influence of Chemical Agents on the
Growth of Algae and Fungi.
Jour. Col. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 13, (1900), pp. 141-186.
Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc. (London), (1900), No. 6, p. 698.
FE. S. R. 12, ror.
Extremely diluted S. of I. solutions favored multiplication.
OSSWALD, W. T.—Uber die Bildung freier Schwefel-
saure and ldéslicher Eisenoxydul verbindungen
in der Moor substanz.
Landw. Jahrb., (1877), Bd. VII, S. 301.
Free sulphuric acid as well as S. of I. present in the soils.
OTTO, R.—‘Veltha,” ein neuer Krankheitszerstorer fiir
Pflanzen.
Gartenflora, (1899), S. 575-577.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 30, S. 358.
PADDOCK, W.—Anthracnose of the Black Raspberry.
N. Y. State Bul., 124, p. 261.
E. S. R. 9, 762.
Slight advantage in favor of S. of I. over Bordeaux mixture and
Copper Sulphate.
294. PAGEOT, G.—Expériences sur l’emploi du phosphate et
du superphosphate dans les terres acides.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1895), T. II, p. 335.
295 PAGEOT, G.—Nouvelles expériences sur l’emploi du
phosphate et du superphosphate dans les terres
acides,
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1896), T. II, p. 444.
Experimental plot treated with 50 Kg. phosphatic cinders (14/16
P2 05), 8 Kgo. chloride of potassium, 14 Kgo. Sulphate of Iron.
Applied in the fall to get the advantage of winter snow and rain.
The springtime was unfavorable to growth but the vegetation
was vigorous. The yield from this plot did not equal the yield
from other plots treated with other fertilizers.
296 PAGNOUL, A.—(Various Studies on Arable Soils of the
Pas-de-Calais. )
Terres Arables du Pas-de-Calais, Arras. 1894, p. 128.
E. S. R. 6, 121.
Changes S. of I. undergoes in soil. The sulphuric acid was not
retained; the iron replaced by lime and nitrogen.
2907 PAMMEL, L. H.—Some Fungus Root Diseases. Proc.
tith Ann. Meet. Soc. for Prom. of Agri. Sci-
ence, Indianapolis, 1890, pp. 91-94.
.
Records experiments with S. of I. used against cotton-root rot
which proved wholly unsuccessful.
298 PAMMEL, L. H.—Experiments with Fungicides. (Corn
Smut-Ustilago Maydes.)
Ta. Agr. Exp. St. (Ames), Bul. No. 16 (1892), pp. 315-329.
E. S. R., Vol. III (1892), pp. 787-788.
The effect of Sulphate of Iron on the root system was deter-
mined by treating experimental plots with different quantities
of S. of I. in the form of a 6% solution.
Plot No. I received 250 cc. with a resulting germination of
70%.
Plot No. II received 500 cc. with a resulting germination of
31%.
Plot No. III received 1000 cc. with a resulting germination of
40%.
The plants made an excellent growth and looked healthy and
vigorous. Most of plants had three leaves. The root system was
well developed, only a few roots being injured.
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
PAMMEL, LH & F.C. STEWART.—P ;
Corn Oats Smut. .—Prevention of
Iowa Sta. Bul. No. 20, (1893), pp. 721-728.
To prevent Oat Smut (Puccinia coronata) the seed was soaked
two hours in a 1.2% solution of S. of I. The percentage of
germination was good.
A solution of S. of I. did not reduce the t of
CUntilnne Meyaisy amount of Corn Smut
PAMMEL, L. H.—The Effect of Fungicides on the De-
velopment of Corn.
Agr. Sci. (1892), p. 217-220.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank., Bd. 3, (1893), S. 52.
Sulphate of Iron not shown to be injurious.
PARIS, MARQUIS OF —Emploi des Engrais Chimique
dans la culture Agricole et Maraichére.
DE PASS, JAS. P.—Peach Growing in Florida.
Exp. State Bul. 4, (1889), p. 8.
“Lime and Copperas may be used with profit around peach trees.
I have tried both, and think that good has resulted from their
use. From 1-3 lbs. Copperas according to the age of tree.”
PEARSON, A. N.—Rust on Wheat.
Dept. Agr. Victoria, (Melbourne), Bul., No. 14, (1891), pp. 12-15.
S. of I. was the only substance that had any useful effect.
PEARSON, A. W.—Experiments in treatment of the dis-
eases of Plants.
Gard. and Forest, Vol. IV, (1891), p. 52.
S. of I. ineffectual in treatment of grape diseases.
PERRET, M.—Un nouveau produit pour la destruction
de la sanve.
Soc. Nat. d’ Agr. de France, (1898), p. 382.
Mixture of S. of I. and Sulphate of Copper successfully used
“to combat wild mustard.
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
PETERMANN, M.—(Treatment of Potato Disease.)
Jour. Agr. Prat., T. 55, (1891), p. 499.
Used a mixture of:
DOR Diese eistud nisin ete ead eee aasdbntutions 50 kgo.
Lime: ‘gine siacdacmenanakesncncwaueoe’ Soe
Wate! mig saieued os a5) daveaadareaeroaawideen VAG 25 Hkt
PETERMANN, A.—Versuche tiber die Sterilisation der
Fakalien.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 27, S. 297.
A 2% solution of S. of I. does not kill pathogenic organisms.
Number colonies of bacteria per c.c.m. after 24 hrs.:
1% 14% 2% _ solution.
40074 8555 2756 Colonies.
PETERMAN, A.—Experiences sur les moyens de com-
battre la maladie de la pomme de terre.
Bul. Sta. Agron. Gembloux (1891).
PETIT, P.—Influence du fer sur la vegetation de l’orge.
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., (Paris), T. 117, (1893), No. 26, pp.
1105-1107.
Bot. Centbl., Bd. 54, (1804), S. 146.
Oat plants absorbed ferrous salts and an intensive assimilation
of nitrogen resulted. Ferric salts acted as an intense poison.
PETIT, E.—(Anthracnose.)
Soc. des agriculteurs de France, 6 Juillet, 1880.
Recommends the employment of a cold saturated solution S. of I.
Has incontestably proved its place as a cryptogamic fungicide.
PEYROUX, ( ).—( )
Soc. d’Agr. du cantal, (1849).
S. of I. can replace calcium sulphate to advantage.
PFAUNDLER, L.—Notiz iiber Chlorophyll.
Liebig’s Ann. Chem., Bd. 115, S. 37-45.
PFEFFER, W.—Uber Election organischer Nahrstoffe.
Jahrb. Wis. Bot. (Pringsheim), Bd. 28, S. 230.
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
PHIPSON, T. L.—Sur I’hématine végétale,
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., (Paris), T. 112, (1891), p. 666.
The red coloring matter in ihe algae Palmella cruenta contains
iron.
PICHARD, P.—Influences comparées du sulfate de fer
et du sulfate de chaux sur la conservation de
Vazote dans les terres nues et sur la nitrifica-
tion.
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., (Paris), T. 112, (1891), p. 1455.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1891), T. II, p. 50.
Ann. Chim. et Phys., T. 25, Ser. 6, p. 271.
Salts of iron in general injuriously affect ferments which destroy
nitrogenous matter, but organic iron salts favor nitrification.
So long as S. of I. has no opportunity to oxidize it has same
effect on nitrification that gypsum has, though in less degree.
PLATZ, K.—(Vertilgung von Unkraut.)
Fihling’s Landw. Ztg., Bd. 51, (1904), S. 415.
PORCHER, E. P.—Diseases and Insects of the Citrus.
Fla. Sta. Hort. Soc. (1902-1903), p. 39.
“Frenching or French leaf can be overcome by proper fertiliza-
tion, by ditching, or by the use of 4% lb. of Sulphate of Iron or
carbonate of iron around the trees, either finely ground or
sprinkled around, or dissolved in water and applied about the
tree.”
QUANTIN, H.—Effets opposés que le sulfate de fer peut
exercer sur la végétation.
Jour. Agr. (Paris), T. II (1887), p. 13.
RASSIGUIER, (_ ).—( -)
Messager Agr., Mars. 10, (1892).
Results in the years 1890-91.
RASSIGUIER.—Traitement radical de la chlorose.
Prog. Agr. et Vit. T. 18, p. 204.
RASSIGUIER, ( ).—Du Badigeonnage au sulfate de
fer et de ses resultats.
Prog. Agr. et Vit. T. 24, (1895), p. 43I.
Successfully used against chlorosis and anthracnose.
322, RAULIN, T.—Etudes chimique sur la végétation.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 5 Ser. T. II, (1869), p. 224.
323. REICH, E—Uber Hederichsvertilgungs-Versuche.
Thatigkeitber. d. Versuchst. f. Pflanzenkultur in Dresden, (1902).
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. Bd. 46, S. 247.
Centbl. Agr. Chem. Bd. 32, S. 67¢.
The weed is killed by the solution and by the powdered salt.
a a hectare use 666 |. of 15% solution, 200-400 1. of 25%
solution.
324 REISCH, E.—Uber Hederich vertilgungs Versuche.
Fihling’s Landw. Ztg. Bd. 41, (1903), S. 80.
Experimented with powdered S. of I. alone and mixtures of
S. of I. with sugar, dextrine and ashes, and with following
results :
Action of powdered S. of I....... 0... cee ee eee eee Very good.
He “eS. of D plus: stigaress jascsa ee aguasaacdes oane Good.
BO EOE ORETINE wera We He ed cage HAMS Medium.
EF SESE g BES BP MES MAGES 1 Hicsis ts diate ennhin audey cuneate Very good.
The action of a 15% solution was good.
325 RHODIN, S.—(Trials with copperas for eradication of
moss in old meadows and lawns.)
K. Landtbr. Akad. Handl. och Tidskr 30, (1891), S. 1309.
E. S. R. 4, 963.
Results undecided.
326 RICHARDS, H. M.—Die Beeinflussung des Wachsthums
einiger Pilze durch chemische Reize.
Jahrb. Wiss. Bot., (Pringsheim), Bd., 30, (1897), S. 674.
327 RIEHM, (_ ).—Unkrautvertilgung durch Chemikalien.
Deut. Landw. Presse, (1901), No. 48, S. 430.
328 ROBIN, A. B.—Diseased Cherry Trees.
Gard. and Field (Adelaide), Vol. XVII, (1892), pp. 182-183.
For treatment of Monilia fructigena a solution of S. of I. in form
of a spray is recommended.
329 ROMMETIN, (_ ).—Installation pour le sulfatage des
céréales.
Jour. Agr. Prat., (1899), T. L., p. 651.
33°
33!
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
rer ).—(The Destruction of Wild Mus-
ard.
Bull. Soc. Nat. Agr. Fr. 64 (1904), No. 6, pp. 451-52.
S. of I. mixed with Plaster, 300 and 200 Kgo. respectively per
hectare, gave unsatisfactory results when applied to lettuce.
SACHS, J.—Erfahrungen tiber die Behandling Chloro-
tischer Gartenpflanzen.
Aus Arbeiten des Bot. Inst. in Wirzburg.
Shon pat )
Experimentalphysiol., (1865), p. 144.
Arbeit. d. Bot. Institut. zu Wirzburg, (1888), Bd. III, S. 433.
SACHS, J.—(Chlorosis.)
Natur. Rundschau. (1886), No. 29.
SACHS, J.—Uber die Erziehung von Landpflanzen in
Wasser.
Bot. Ztg. Bd. XVII, (1860), S. 113.
SACHSSE, R.—(Sulphate of Iron, a Plant Poison.)
Lehrbuch der Agriculturchemie, (1888), S. 505.
SAGNIER, H.—(La Chlorose.)
Jour. Agr., (Paris), (1801), T. II, p. 147.
SALM-HORSTMAR, (_ ).—( 4
Versuch iiber d. Ernahrung d. Pflanzen, (1856), S. 8, u. 17.
SANDERS, EDGAR.—The Carnation Rust.
Prairie Farmer, Vol. LXIV, (1892), p. 151.
The disease may be combatted with S. of I. %4-% Ib. to gallon
of water.
SANDERS, (_ ).—Encyclopaedia of Gardening.
340 SAUNDERS, WM.—(Experiments with Fertilizers on
Plots of Crops.) Appendix to Rpt. Min. Aor
Canada Experimental Farms Reson Pyant
ae ce ee . ei Root Crops: 1893, 23; ’o4, 33;
al supine on Barley: B55, 954 285520
Eset Sabha Te Foose ea
Bh Sm Ca, 56 ms
So ey i eras
341 SAXER, H.—Einwirkung des Kupfer u. Eisensulfats auf
Landwirthschaftliche Kulturpflanzen.
Inaug. Diss. Rostack 1903.
Illus. Landw. Ztg., (1903), S. 89.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. Bd. 46, (1903), S. 246.
Pot and field experiments showed that spraying plants in healthy
condition resulted in increased yield. In no case will injury
result from spraying.
342 SCHADE, ( ). —Uber Vertilgung des Hederichs durch
Eisenvitriol.
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr., (1899), S. 25.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42, S. 350.
7; 15% solution S. of I. did not touch the weed; 20% solution
id.
343. von SCHILLING, (_ ).—Schneckenvertilgung.
Obst and Gartenbau, 1898, No. 23.
= of I. was recommended in the Weiner illustr. Gartenz. 1897,
. 388.
Powdered S. of I. mixed with dry soil or sand and on damp days
or after sunset spread evenly on the surface of the ground, kills
snails and rain worms coming in contact with the salt.
344 SCHLEYER, (_ ).—Beitrage zur Kalidungungsfrage.
Deut. Landw. Presse 29, (1902), No. 2, S. 12.
E. S. R. 13, 729.
Effect of S. of I. solutions on Charlock growing in soil deficient
in lime and on that abundantly supplied with lime. In the first
case spraying with 10-15% solution produced no result, while in
the second case a spray of 10% solution quickly killed the plant.
345 SCHNORB, ( ).—Un reméde radical contre Vanthrac-
nose,
Vigne Amer., (1879).
The first Proposal to use S. of I. for the treatment of anthrac-
nose. Used in the form of a concentrated solution (50%).
ees had five years success before he gave publicity to the
346 SCHOYEN, W. M.—Beretning om skadeinseketer og
Plantesygdomme i (1899.)
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank., Bd. XI, S. 106.
Successful treatment by spreading powdered S. of I. at the rate
of 3 kgo. per ar. ~
347. SCHRIBAUX, E.—Destruction des sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1899), T. II, p. 43.
348 SCHRIBAUX, E.—Un nouveau fléau a combattre in-
vasion des luzerniéres par une nouvelle espéce
de cuscute.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1899), T. II, p. 272.
On account of the form of the plant the author recommends the
abandonment of the Sulphate of Iron treatment and the use in
its stead of several indirect means.
Studied the effect of Sulphate of Iron solutions on the germina-
tive power of cuscuta seed and found that after soaking seed for
fifty days in a 20% solution, 12% of the seed germinated against
19% when soaked without the metallic salt.
349 SCHULTZ-SOEST.—Zur Vertilgung des Ackersenfs und
des Hederichs.
Fihling’s Landw. Ztg., (1897), S. 625.
Recommends a 15% solution S. of I. applied at the rate of 600
l. per hectare.
350 SCHULTZ-SOEST.—Hederich-Vertilgung.
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer Schlesien, 14 Mai, (1898).
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. Bd. VIII, S. 184.
Spraying with S. of I. solutions killed weeds and did not injure
Oats.
351 SCHULTZ-SOEST.—Zur Hederichvertilgung nach Prof.
Weiss.
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. XXVI, S. 754.
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
SCHULTZ-SOEST.—Zur Vertilgung des Ackersenfs und
des Hederich.
Fuhling’s Landw. Ztg. (1898), S. 393.
A 15% solution of S. of I. applied at the rate of 4oo 1. per
hectare, is as strong as necessary. Oats are in no way injured
by the spray.
SCHULTZ, ( ).—Zur Vertilgung des Ackersenfs und
des Hederichs.
Landw. Ztg. Westfalen u. Lippe, (1897), S. 329.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 40, S. 406.
A 30% solution of S. of I. using 1 cbm. per hectare, completely
eradicated wild mustard in fields of Barley. Oats showed signs
of poisoning and stood still in growth for fourteen days but
recovered completely.
Enough rain fell after spraying to wash off S. of I.
15% solution S. of I. is strong enough for the work.
SCHULTZ, G.—Gegen den Hederich.
Wcehnbl. Landw. Ver. Bayern, (1901), S. 399.
SCHULTZ, G—Zur Hederich vertilgung nach Prof.
Weiss.
Fihling’s Landw. Ztg., (1899), S. 690.
SCHULTZ, G—dZur Hederichvertilgung.
Landw. Ztg. Westfalen u. Lippe, (1901), S. 240.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. Bd. 44, S. 230.
A 15% solution S. of I, applied at the rate of 125-150 1. per
morgen successfully used. R. raphanistrum withstands. If does
not destroy plants it prevents their blooming.
SCHULTZ, G.—Zur Hederichvertilgung nach Prof.
Weiss.
Landw. Ztg. Westfalen u. Lippe (1899), S. 273.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42 (1899), S. 351.
A weed.killing mixture called ‘“Hederichtot” containing 6.85%
ferrous oxide. Consists practically of S. of I, gypsum and sand.
SCHULZ, A—Uber den Stoffbedarf und den Stoffumsatz
des Kahmpilzes.
Ann. der Oenologie, Bd. VII, S. 115-147.
Just’s Bot. Jahresber, (1877), S. 84.
Classes iron as one of the unnecessary mineral components of
plant.
359
360
361
362
363
SCHULZE, B.—Versuche iiber Vertilgung des Acker-
senfs durch Besprengen mit Eisenvitriollésung.
Ber. Vers. Stat. Breslau (1898), S 14.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42, (1889), S. 350.
SCRIBNER, F. L.—Dotted or Speckeled Anthracnose of
the Vine.
Orchard and Garden, Vol. XII. (1890), p. 82.
Recommends a wash of 50% S. of I.
SCRIBNER, F. L.—Fungous Diseases of the Grape and
other Plants. Chap. IX. Anthracnose.
SCRIBNER, F. L—Treatment of Anthracnose of the
Vine.
Orchard and Garden, Vol. XII. (1890).
Quotes from Le Prog. Agricole, Oct. 26, (1890), the composition
of a wash.
9; 0f TtOMi sk svhesiun weeneaeseys ....7 Ibs.
Sulphate of Copper............. ....2 Ibs.
Sulphuric Acid ....... ccc cece cence eee I gill.
Woater cent srapraniindindle'y ieleuiese ae enoalan 3 gals.
SEMPOTOWSKY, A.—Beitrag zur Bekampfung der
Kartoffelkrankheit. (Phytophthora infestans.)
Ztschr Pflanzenkrank, (1894), pp. 323-25; (1895), pp. 203-4.
Used as a mixture of S. of I. and lime to treat the potato dis-
ease, but without success. Used 2, 6 and 8% solutions. S. of I.
retarded the growth of vines and reduced the yield of tubers.
364 DE SEYNES, (_ ).—Resultats de culture du Pencil-
lium cupricum.
Bul. Soc. Bot. France, T. XLII, (1895), pp. 482-85.
365 SHERINGHAM, H. C.—Charlock Spraying.
1st Ann. Rpt. of Field Expts., Irish Agr. Organization Soc.
(1899), p. 43.
In field of Barley when the charlock is very young the application
of a 74% solution entirely successful. The Barley was slightly
bleached.
366 SHUTT, F. T.—Experiments on the Prevention of Hard
Smut or Bunt by treatment with Solutions of
Copper Sulphate (Blue Vitriol), Iron Sulphate
(Green Vitriol) and “Agricultural Blue Stone.”
Appendix to Rpt. Min. Agr. Canada.
Experimental Farms Reports, 1891, p. 183, 291.
S. of I. inefficient for purpose.
367 SHUTT, F. T.—Experiments on the Prevention of Smut
in Wheat.
Appendix to Rpt. Min. Agr. Canada.
Experimental Farm Reports, 1892, p. 137.
S. of I, 1 lb. to 8 gals. water, not efficacious in destroying the
smut spores. Did not injure the vitality of the seed. .
368 SHUTT, F. T.—Spraying for Destruction of Wild Mus-
tard.
Appendix to Rpt. Min. Agr. Canada.
Experimental Farms Reports, (1899), p. 194.
E. S. R. 12, p. 564.
A 5-10% solution of S. of I. used at the rate of 50 gals. per acre
in spraying plants 15-20” high, just beginning to flower, had
no lasting results.
A 5% solution of S. of I. killed part of plants 6-9” high. The
spraying should not be delayed until the plants are higher.
369 SHUTT, F. T.—Report on the effect of solutions of
Copper Sulphate (Blue Vitriol), Tron Sulphate
(Green Vitriol) and Agricultural Bluestone on
the Vitality of Seed Wheat.
Ann. Rpt. Expt. Farms (Ottawa), (1890-1), pp. 146-148.
Used one pound S. of I. to eight gallons water, soaking the seed
thirty-six hours. The vitality of the seed_so treated was 96.5%
against 55.57 and 40% for Agricultural Bluestone and Copper
sulphate respectively. S. of L did not materially affect the
vitality of the seed.
366 SHUTT, F. T.—Experiments on the Prevention of Hard
Smut or Bunt by treatment with Solutions of
Copper Sulphate (Blue Vitriol), Iron Sulphate
(Green Vitriol) and “Agricultural Blue Stone.”
Appendix to Rpt. Min. Agr. Canada.
Experimental Farms Reports, 1801, p. 183, 201.
S. of I. inefficient for purpose.
367 SHUTT, F. T.—Experiments on the Prevention of Smut
in Wheat.
Appendix to Rpt. Min. Agr. Canada.
Experimental Farm Reports, 1892, p. 137.
S. of L, 1 Ib. to 8 gals. water, not efficacious in destroying the
smut spores. Did not injure the vitality of the seed. :
368 SHUTT, F. T.—Spraying for Destruction of Wild Mus-
tard.
Appendix to Rpt. Min. Agr. Canada.
Experimental Farms Reports, (1899), p. 194.
E. S. R. 12, p. 564.
A 5-10% solution of S. of I. used at the rate of 50 gals. per acre
in spraying plants 15-20” high, just beginning to flower, had
no lasting results.
A 5% solution of S. of I. killed part of plants 6-9” high. The
spraying should not be delayed until the plants are higher.
369 SHUTT, F. T.—Report on the effect of solutions of
Copper Sulphate (Blue Vitriol), Iron Sulphate
(Green Vitriol) and Agricultural Bluestone on
the Vitality of Seed Wheat.
Ann. Rpt. Expt. Farms (Ottawa), (1890-1), pp. 146-148.
Used one pound S. of I. to eight gallons water, soaking the seed
thirty-six hours. The vitality of the seed_so treated was 06.5%
against 55.5% and 40% for Agricultural Bluestone and Copper
sulphate respectively. S. of I. did not materially affect the
vitality of the seed.
371
SKAWINSKI, P.—Traitement de Vanthr;
sulfate de fer. parece aah ole
Jour. Agr. Prat. 46, T. I, p. 815.
Centbl. Agr. Chem. Bd. XII, S. 633.
Modified Schnorf’s remedy for anthracnose. Observed that the
presence of free sulphuric acid added efficiency to the wash.
Proposes S. of I. 50 Kgo., sulphuric acid (53Bé) 1 litre, water
1 hectolitre. Washed grape vines once during the first days of
February. The immediate effect of the wash is to blacken the
wood; a second application made to parts untouched by the first
application.
Practice is well established in France.
372, SMETHAN, A.—Influence of Oxide of Iron and Alu-
373
374
375
376
.. 377
mina in the Reversion of Superphosphate.
Jour. Soc. Chem. Indus., Vol. XIV, (1895), pp. 112-242.
Centbl. Agr. Chem. Bd. XXV, S. 433.
as follows:
A Superphosphate of Lime containing 25.97% soluble P2 O5
3.21% insoluble P2 O5 and 1.36% Fe2 O03. Reversion proceeded
SHOrt tIME svoj. disoaienscrencas 1.86% reverted
After one year.........0.-e ee eee 2.3090 ef
After 5: ANOS eaciiavaen eames 2.42% ag
SOL, P.—Anthracnose ou charbon de la vigne.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1883), T. I, pp. 84-85.
SOL, P.—Etudes pratique sur l’anthracnose.
SOLLY, E.—Experiments on the Inorganic Constituents
of Plants.
Trans. Hort. Soc. of London (1848), 2nd ser., Vol. III, pp. 37,
38, 43, 44, 46, 48, 50, 51, 94, 95, 99.
SOMERVILLE, DR.—Eradication of Charlock in Corn
Crops by Spraying.
Trans. Highland and Agr. Soc. Scot. 5th Ser., Vol. XIII, pp.
10-17.
SOMERVILLE, DR.—Destruction of Noxious Weeds.
Queensland Agr. Jour. 4, (1899), No. 2, p. 149.
E. S. R. 10, 1049.
Obtained best results with 7!4% solution using 40 gals. per acre.
Charlock killed, thistles blackened and injured, and cereals un-
injured.
378
379
380
381
382
383
SPRENGEL, C—( 5
Allg. Landw. Monatschriften, Bd. I Jahrg. (1840), S. 207.
Notes occurrence of S. of I. in moorsoil. Small quantity not
harmful; on the contrary, on clover like plants, Rape, Flax, etc.,
S. of I. works as well as gypsum.
STAES, G.—(Chlorosis in Plants.)
Tijdschr. Plantenziekten, 4 (1898), No. 4, p. 97.
E. S.1R. 10, 1058.
Recommends S. of I.
STEBBINS, C. W.—Pear Blight.
Ele DRE Farmer & Fruit Grower, new ser., Vol. IV, (1892),
p. 163.
Says blight was cured by sprinkling tree with solution S. of I,
one tablespoonful to a bucket of water. Some put on ground
and hoed in. (Quoted from “National Stockman.”)
STEGLICH, ( ).—Zur Vertilgung von Hederich und
Ackersenf mit Eisenvitriol.
Wiirttemb. Wchnbl. Landw. (1898), S. 383.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 41, S. 319.
A 20 per cent solution kills Charlock and Wild Mustard when
only a few drops strike the plants. The plants turn black,
dry, and die inside of a week.
Young cereals show poisonous effect but recover in 8-14 days.
Young clover badly burned and apparently injured. Quotes
Strebel who used a 15 per cent solution.
STEGLICH, B.—Untersuchungen und Beobachtungen
uber die Wirkung verschiedener Salzlésungen
auf Kulturpflanzen und Unkrdauter.
Zetschr. Pflanzenkrank. Bd. 11. (1901), S. 31.
E. S. R. 13, 253.
Used 20 percent solution S. of I. Beets somewhat injured, Po-
tatoes seriously injured.
STEGLICH, (_ ).—Eisenvitriolld6sung oder Vitriolpulver
gegen Hederich?
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr. (1900), S. 217.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 43, S. 352.
Action of dry powders (weed killers) is doubtful. Young Clov-
er injured and in part killed by S. of I. Old Clover withstands
the treatment and outgrows slight injury in very short time.
384
385
386
STEGLICH, (_ ).—Zur Unkrautvertilgung durch Auf-
spritzen von Salzlésungen.
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr. No. 13, (1902), S. 265.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 32, S. 185.
STEGLICH, ( ).—Uber Unkrautvertilgung durch Salz-
lésungen.
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr. (1901), S. or.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 44, S. 239.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 32, S. 185.
STEGLICH, ( )—(Why Sulphate of Iron kills Mus-
tard.)
Sachs. Landw. Ztschr. (1898), S. 217.
Explains the action of S. of I. on mustard by assuming that
the sulphur in the potassium myronate (C 10 H 18 NS 120
1o K) combines with iron to form sulphide of iron, thus caus-
ing death. Stender points out that Rape (B. napus oleifers)
which aiso contains mustard oil is not injured, on the con-
trary is rendered more vigorous.
387. STEGLICH, ( )—Das Weiss’sche Hederichvertilgung-
388
389
smittel.
Deut. Landw. Presse (1899), S. 711.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42, S. 352.
STEMMERIK, (_ ).—( f
Landb. Coar., (1890), No. 4.
This imperfect reference is quoted by Mayer in Lehrbuch der
Agrikulturchemie as giving a short bibliography of the use of
Sulphate of Iron.
STENDER, (_ ).—Hederich Vertilgung durch Kiinst-
liche Dtingemittel.
Tllus. Landw. Ztg. (1902), No. 33, S. 332.
Centbl. Agr. Chem., Bd. 32, S. 188.
The fear of reducing the yield by spraying has proven ground-
less.
Recommends mixture—
Sulphate of Iron............-- eee eee Io parts
Sulphate of Ammonia..............+- aXe)
Water av acmdttietcnadainesin eases cond 100
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
STENDER, A.—Vertilgung gewisser Ackerunkrauter
durch Metallsalze.
Mitt. Landw. Inst. Breslau, Bd. III, (1900), S. 73.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. Bd. XLIII, S. 353.
Treated under six heads:
1. By what salts are Charlock and Mustard most injured?
2. What is best concentration for a spray?
3. What is best time for spraying?
4. Is it necessary to repeat spraying?
s. What useful plants are injured and to what extent?
6. What is the physiological reason for death?
Well developed Red Clover and Peas did not show injury.
Beans were badly injured.
STOCKLASA, J.—Die Physiologische Funktion des
Eisens im Organismus der Pflanze.
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., (Paris), T. 127, (1898) p. 282.
STOHMANN, (_ ).—(Chlorosis.)
Agron Ztg. v. Hamm, (1864), S. 325.
Exact researches have established the action of iron in Chloro-
sis and shown that the greening begins in and spreads from the
ribs.
STRAUCH, (_ ).—(Hederichvertilgung.)
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer Schlesien, (1898), S. 881.
SUCCI, A.—Azione del ferro sulla vegetazione.
Rass. Con. An. II, (1888), pp. 243-249.
May be said that the use of S. of I. requires a special soil in
order to produce good results, and even then an excess will be
injurious.
SUTHERST, W. F.—The effect of Lime on the Insolu-
ble Phosphates in Soils.
Chem. News, Vol. 85, (1902), p. 157.
SUZUKI, S.—Uber die giftige Wirkung von kaliumferro-
cyanid auf Pflanzen.
Bul. Col. Agr. Tokyo Imp. Univ., Vol. 5, No. 2.
Centbl. Agr. Chem, Bd., 32, S. 354.
Following work of Knop. _ Looks as though potassium ferro-
cyanide is not a source of iron for chlorophyll plants.
397
398
400
401
402
403
SUZUKI, U.—Uber das Vorkommen von organischen
Eisenverbindungen in den Pflanzen.
Bul. Col. Agr. Tokyo Imp. Univ., Vol. IV, p. 267.
Chem. Ztg., (1901), Rpt. 276.
TANTOT, J.—La fiévre aphteuse et sulfate de fer.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. L., p. 666.
THAER.—Principes raisonnés d’agriculture, T. IL, p.
434 (1809).
THAXTER, R—On certain Fungous Disease of the
Onion.
Conn. Agr. Ex. St. (1889), p. 147, (Annual).
Experiments with Onion “Smut” (Urocystis cepulae Frost).
Six four foot rows were treated with 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12
grams S. of I. respectively, applied directly in the row. The 12
grams did noi hinder germination perceptibly, and appeared to
decrease the number of smutted plants decidedly. In another
place in the same Bulletin, the Author says Sulphate of Iron
may be discarded.
THOMPSON, S.—Uber die Wirkung von Schwefelsau-
ren Eisenoxydul auf die Pflanze.
Sitzber. Naturf. Gesell. Dorpat (1892), Dorpat (1893), S. 96-101.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. N. F. Bd. 36, S. 106.
Experiments made with Triticum vulgare, Zea Mais, Avena
elatior and orientalis, Pisum sativum, Medicago sativa, Trifol-
ium pratense.
The germination is injuriously affected and seed did not germi-
nate in a 2 per cent solution. Oats most resistant.
Young plants are injured by S. of I. (by long action). The
roots die in a 0.005 per cent solution.
Grown, strong plants die on the fourth day when in 1-2 per
cent solution. Grew, but with signs of distress in 0.1-05 per
cent solution.
Raygrass lived for eleven days in a 0.1 per cent solution.
THOMS, G.—Wie ist der hohe Gehalt an Eisen resp.
Eisenoxyd in der Asche von Trapa natans 2u
erklaren ?
Landw. Vers. Stat. Bd. 49, S. 165.
403a VON THUMEN, F.—Die Phoma-krankheit der Wein-
reben verursacht durch die parasitischen Pilze
Phoma vitis und Phoma Cookei.
The author has used most successfully a ten per cent solution
of S. of I. for the destruction of the two fungi Phoma vitis
and Phoma Cookei.
404 TOEPFFER, J.—Die fahrbaren Spritzen und die Vertil-
gung des Hederichs durch Eisenvitriol.
Deut. Landw. Presse, Bd. 30, (1903), S. 291.
405 TOME, C—Il solfato di ferro e la clorosi.
L’Italia agricola, Bd. XXIV, (1892), pp. 375-6.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. (1894), S. 164.
By the repeated watering of the soil with 8-10 per cent solutions,
succeeded in curing chlorosis of pear tree as well as garden
plants. Recommends distributing powdered S. of I. on manure
heap to kill the worms and bind the ammonia.
To prevent anthracnose, recommends the application of a 35
per cent solution as a wash.
406 TONKS, E—Artificial Manure (1887), p. 14.
407 TORD, M.—Expériences sur la chlorose de la vigne.
Jour. Agricole (Paris), (1887), p. goo.
Successfully used a 10-12 per cent solutions S. of I. poured
around the stock of affected vines.
408 TREBOUX, O—Einige stoffliche Einflusse auf die
Kohlensaureassimilation bei submersen Pflanzen.
Flora Bd. 92, S. 59-60-70.
Particularly to be remarked is the fact that the iron salts (Sul-
phate of Iron and chloride of iron), in not too weak concentra-
tion, are a help to assimilation.
409 TRIBOULET, ROMMANTIN & ST. QUENTIN.—(De-
struction of Wild Mustard.)
Bul. Soc. Nat. Agr. France, 64 (1904), No. 6, pp. 461-66.
Used S. of I. and Sulphate of Copper in powdered form.
409a TROUESSART,( ).—Microbes, Ferments, and Moulds.
English edition, p. 38.
Mme. Ponsort quoted as using a mixture of four parts Sul-
phate of Iron and twenty parts of lime as a wash for grape
vines a fortnight before the shoots start.
410
AII
412
413
414
415
416
417
UDALE, J.—Gardening for All, p. 20.
von UNWORTH, (_).—Zur Vertilgung von Hederich
durch Bespritzen mit Eisenvitrol (?)
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer Schlesien (1899), S. 880.
Deut. Landw. Presse 26, S. 6309.
Does not recommend S. of I. for killing weeds.
VANDERVAEREN, J.—Destruction des Sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. n. Ser. 5, (1903), No. 23, p. 731.
E. S. R., 15, 266.
Application of 200 Kgo. dry powdered S. of I. per hectare. This
method generally practiced in Belgium.
VANDEVELDE, A. J. J—Uber den Einfluss der Chem-
ischen Reagentien und des Lichtes auf die Kei-
mung der Samen.
Bot. Centbl., Bd. 69, (1897), S. 337-342.
S. of I. extraordinarily injurious to the germination of Pisum
sativum.
Soaked seed for 24 hrs. in solutions of S. of I. and with the
following result:
0.5% 1.0% 3% Solution
Per Cent Germinated..... 54.00 12.67 6.00
Germination Energy ...... 3.8 7.2 4.90
VAUCLUSE COMITE D’'ETUDES ET DE VIGIL-
ANCE.
Le Phylloxera An. II (1878) p. 184.
Results with Sulphate of Iron were negative.
VIALA & FERROUILLAT.—Traitement des Maladies
de la Vigne (1888), p. 84.
VESTERGAARD, A. B.—Udryddelse af Agersennep af
Jernvitriol.
Ugeskr. Landm. 47, (1901), No. 47, p. 451.
E. S. R. 13, 756.
VILCOQ, M. A.—Les Engrais en Horticulture.
Bul. Soc. Agr. France, (1902), p. 612.
418 VILLE, A.—Solforazione dei frutti pomacei.
B. Ort. Firenze. An. XII, (1887), p. 12.
Just’s Bot. Jahresber, (1888), S. 14.
Applied a 2 per cent solution of S. of I. to young Apple and
Pear trees in month of June. The size of the fruit was in-
creased and the time of ripening hastened.
419 VILMORIN, P. L. de—The Manuring of Garden and
Allotment Crops.
Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc. England, Vol. 63 (1902), p. 142.
420. VIRCHOW, K.—Das Kehdinger Moor und sein Land-
wirthschaftliche Meliorirung.
Landw. Jarhber., (1888), S. 999.
421 VIVIEN, A., & L. GESCHWIND.—Essais sur la destruc-
tion des Sanves.
Engrais (1899), pp. 880-904.
Used Mixtures of S. of I. and sodium nitrate with satisfactory
results.
S. of IL. Nitrate of Soda Rate per Hectare
10 Kgo. 1% Kgo. io Hkt.
5 “ 3 “ce Io “
Bee a eau Io “
200 els Io “
422 VOELCKER, J. A.—On some Causes of Unproductive-
ness in Soils.
Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc. England, 2nd Ser. Vol. I, (1865), p. 113.
Due to three causes.—
a—Excess humic acids.
b—Presence of small quantity of S. of I.
c—Presence of Iron pyrites.
“Even as small a proportion as 0.5 per cent of green vitriol ren-
ders a soil almost barren, and on land containing little more than
I per cent nothing whatever can grow.”
423 VOELCKER, J. A.—The Destruction of Charlock.
Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc. England.
3rd. Ser. Vol. 10, (1899), p. 767.
424 VUYST, P. de.—(Field Experiments in Belgium.)
Cultures Speciales Exper. de Borsbeke-lez-Alost. (1893), p. 40.
E. S. R. 5, 233.
Did not observe favorable results with S. of I. used on Peas.
425
426
427
430
431
432
WAGNER, PH.—Destruction des sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. T. I, (1898), p. 577.
Used 15 per cent solution of S. of I. at the rate of 600 1. per hec-
tare. Did not observe injury to Clover, on contrary the plants
took on a fresher appearance.
WAGNER, P.—Wassenkultur-Versuche mit Mais.
Landw. Vers. Sta., Bd. 13, (1870), S. 74.
On the substitution of manganese for iron in culture solutions.
Confirms work of Birner and Lucanus.
WEHMER, ( ).—Beitrage zur Kenntniss ein heim-
ischer Pilze. 1895, Hit. 2, S. 159.
WEED, C. M.—Preventing Downy-Mildew, or Brown
Rot of Grapes.
Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Vol. III (1890), No. to.
S. of I. treatment ineffectual.
WEINZIERL, THEQ. RITTER VON.—Uber die Be-
kampfung des Ackerhederichs.
Pub. K. K. Samen-Kontroll Stat. Wien, No. 199, (1809), S. 13.
Used a 15 per cent solution of S. of I. in form of a spray. The
S. of I. began to work inside of twenty-four hours. Cereals only
slightly affected, especially Barley, but recover quickly. Peas
and Clover are badly injured.
WEISS, J. E.—Die Bekampfung des Hederichs durch
Diingesalze.
Wcehnbl. Landw. Ver. Bayern, (igor), S. 460.
Some comparisons made with S. of I.
WEISS, J. E—Eine neue Hederichvertilgungs-Methode.
Deut. Landw. Presse (1899), S. 540.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem., Bd. 42, S. 351.
Secret compound called “Heufeld.”
WEISS, A. & WEISNER, J.—Vorlaufige Notiz iber die
directe Nachweisung des Eisens in den Zellen
der Pflanze.
Sitzungsber. der Kais. Wiener Akad., Bd. 40, (1860). S. 276-278.
The first experiments to prove microscopically the presence
iron in the plant. Concluded that iron is contained in the form
of oxides both in the membrane and content of the cells.
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
WEYDEMANN, M.—Nochmals zur Hederichvertilgung
mit Eisenvitrol.
Deut. Landw. Presse, 1899, S. 703.
Jahresber. Agr. Chem. 42, S. 351.
WILLIS, ( ).—The Use of Sulphate of Ammonia in
Agriculture.
Jour. Gas Lighting, Water Supply, etc. Vol. LV. (1890), p. 737.
For “clover sickness” a field of clover received a dressing of three
hundredweight of potassium sulphate and one hundredweight
of ammonium sulphate applied in the early part of April. A
second plot received a dressing of two hundredweights of
S. of I.; a third plot a dressing of one hundredweight.
On the middle of May the disease had entirely ceased on
the first two pieces of land the clover growing vigorously. At
the end of July no sign of the disease on the second field, while
the third field showed the disease.
WINTER, (_ ).—(Hederichvertilgung.)
Ztschr. Landw. Kammer Schlesien, (1898). S. 721.
WOODWARD, J.—Thoughts and Experiments on Vege-
tation.
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Vol. 21, (1699), p. 382.
WOLFF, E. V.—Verwendung von Carbolsdure oder Eis-,
envitriolhaltenden abtritt Dinger.
Braunschweig. Landw. Ztg., (1884), S. 157.
Fecal matter treated with carbolic acid or S. of I. and mixed
with sufficient soil may be used without danger.
WOLFF, E.—Aschenanalysen von landwirthschaftlichen
Producten.
Berlin, (1871).
WORTMANN, J.—Mit Eisenvitriol gediingte Reben.
Ber. K. Lehranst Wein, Obst u. Gartenbau Geisenheim, (1895-
96), S. 85.
Centbl. Agr. Chem. Bd. 26, S. 429.
Vines 12-15 years old grown in greenhouse showed bad result
and this from improper application.
yh}
440
442
443
445
446
447
WUTHRICH, E.—Uber die Einwirkung Metallsalzen
und Sauren auf die Keimfahigkeit der Sporen
emiger der verbreitetsten parasitischen Pilze
unserer Kulturpflanzen.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank, (1892), S. 16-31; 81-94.
On Phythophthora, Peronospora, Puccinia, Ustilago, neither the
complete work of mercuric chloride nor the low price of S. of
I. can take the place of Copper Sulphate.
ZIMMERMAN, A.—Over de Enchytrae iden en haar
Vorkommen in de Koffiewartels.
Korte Berichten Uit S’Lands Plantentuin.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. Bd. IX, S. 169.
S. of I. successfully used to combat nematode in Coffee Plant.
ZWEIFLER, FR.—Versuche mit Schutzmitteln gegen
Peronospora und schwarzen Brenner.
Die Weinlaube, (1901), No. 15, S. 176.
Centbl. Agr. Chem. Bd. 30, S. 819.
A 3 per cent solution S. of I. injured young branches. Old leaves
not injured. Hairy leaves resist injury; smooth leaves are
burned.
(ANON.)—Preventive for Plum Rot.
Amer. Gard., Vol. XIII (1892), p. 180.
Burn leaves in autumn; spray before buds open in spring with
S. of L, and after flowers open, with sulphide of potassium.
(ANON.)—Rust in Wheat.
Gard. Chron. (London), 3rd Ser., Vol. X, p. 521.
Spraying with 1 oz. S. of I. to the gal. water retarded appear-
ance of rust, destroyed the rust when it appeared and prevented
its appearance for fourteen days afterward.
ANON, (_ ).—Apple Scab.
Amer. Agr., Vol. LI, (1892), p. 139.
Uses a solution of 1 Ib. S. of I. to 1 gal. water.
ANON, (_ ).—Preventive for Plum Rot.
Amer. Gard. Vol. XIII, (1892), p. 180.
(ANON).—Rust in Wheat.
Gard. Chron., 3rd Ser., Vol. X, (1891), p. 521.
448 ( ).—(Sulphate of Iron kills Dodder.)
Cape Agricultural Journal, Vol. X, p. 610.
449 (M.)—Destruction of Tree Roots by Fungus.
Agr. Jour. Cape Colony (Cape Town), Vol. III, (1891) }
a , Vol. TI, » Pp. 169.
For the treatment of Agaricus melleus it is recommend to re-
move the earth from about the tree, apply the S. of I. and
cover the salt with fresh soil.
450 (SPRECHSAAL.)—Die Wirkungen der iiblichen Dis-
infectionsmittel.
Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank, Bd. VII, S. 46.
In the use of S. of I. there is danger of injuring Beets, Rape,
Wheat, Clover. Spores are not easily killed even when large
quantity of S. of I. is used.
451 H. H.—Destruction des sanves.
Jour. Agr. Prat. (1899), T. II, p. 98.
Gives as the best time for spraying the time when the first four
or five leaves are out and well opened.
452 ( ).—(Eradication of Weeds by Spraying with
Solutions of Metallic Salts.)
Bul. Agr. (Brussels.) 1899, pp. 345, et suivantes.
Plots of oats were treated with the following solutions:
A. 4 kgo. sulphate of copper to go 1. water.
B. 3 kgo. sulphate of copper to 91.5 1. water.
C. 3 kgo. sulphate of iron to 20 1. water.
Using the first solution the results were completely satisfac-
tory; using the two other solutions the results were not satis-
factory.
In Limbourg a 4 per cent solution of 5S. of C. and a 12 per cent
S. of I. were efficacious.
In the province of Namur experiments with oats led to
the following conclusions, namely:
A. The most favorable time for the destruction of mustard
with saline solutions corresponds with the appearance of the fifth
or sixth leaves.
B. That sulphate of copper is more active than the S. of I. From
the point of view of economy the S. of I. is to be recommended
over the S. of C.
C. The result of all the experiments is that a 20 per cent solu-
tion of S. of I. gave the best results.
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